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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/15216-8.txt b/15216-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9dcd42f --- /dev/null +++ b/15216-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2209 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 55, November 16, +1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 55, November 16, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 1, 2005 [EBook #15216] +[Date last updated: June 5, 2005] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon Ingram, Keith +Edkins and the Online PG Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + + +{401} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 55.] +SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 16. 1850. +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- + Authorship of "Henry VIII." by Samuel Hickson 401 + On Authors and Books, No. IX., by Bolton Corney 403 + Notes on the Second Edition of Mr. Cunningham's + Handbook of London, by E.F. Rimbault 404 + Folk-lore:--Laying a Ghost--A Test of Witchcraft 404 + Minor Notes:--Quin's incoherent Story--Touchstone's + Dial--America and Tartary--A Deck of Cards--Time + when Herodotus wrote--"Dat veniuam corvis." + &c. 405 + + QUERIES:-- + Dryden's "Absalom and Achitophel" 406 + Minor Queries:--The Widow of the Wood--Edward + the Confessor's Crucifix and Gold Chain--Cardinal + Erskine--Thomas Regiolapidensis--"Her Brow was + fair"--Hoods worn by Doctors of Divinity of Aberdeen--Irish + Brigade--Doctrine of immaculate Conception--Gospel + Oak Tree at Kentish Town--Arminian + Nunnery in Huntingdonshire--Ruding's + annotated Langbaine--Mrs. Tempest--Sitting + cross-legged--Twickenham: + Did Elizabeth visit Bacon + there?--Burial towards the West--Medal struck by + Charles XII.--National Debt--Midwives licensed 406 + + REPLIES:-- + The Black Rood of Scotland 409 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Hæmony--Byron's Birthplace--Modena + Family--Nicholas Breton's Fantasticks--Gaudentio + di Lucca--Weights for weighing + Coins--Mrs. Partington--The East-Anglican Word + "Mauther"--Cheshire Cat--"Thompson of Esholt"--Minar's + Book of Antiquities--Croziers and Pastoral + Staves--Socinian Boast--MSS. of Locke--Sir Wm. + Grant--Tristan d'Acunha--Arabic Numerals--Luther's + Hymns--Bolton's Ace--Hopkins the + Witchfinder--Sir Richard Steel--Ale-draper--George + Herbert--Notaries Public--Tobacconists--Vineyards 410 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 414 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted 415 + Notices to Correspondents 415 + Advertisements 415 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +AUTHORSHIP OF "HENRY VIII." + +In returning to the question of the authorship of _Henry VIII._, I am +anxious to remove a misconception under which MR. SPEDDING appears to +labour relative to the purport of a remark I made in my last communication +to you (Vol. ii., p. 198.) on this subject. As we appear to be perfectly +agreed as to the reasons for assigning a considerable portion of this play +to Fletcher, and as upon this basis we have each worked out a result that +so exactly coincides with the other, I conclude that MR. SPEDDING, as well +as myself, has rested his theory solely on positive grounds; that is, that +he imagines there is strong internal evidence in favour of all that he +ascribes to this writer. It follows, therefore that the "third hand" which +he thought he detected must be sought rather in what remained to +Shakspeare, than in that which had been already taken from him. I never for +an instant doubted that this was MR. SPEDDING's view; but the inequality +which I supposed he had observed and accounted for in this way, I was +disposed to refer to a mode of composition that must needs have been +troublesome to Shakspeare. The fact is, that, with one or two exceptions, +the scenes contributed by the latter are more _tamely_ written than any but +the earliest among his works; and these, different as they are, they +recalled to my mind. But I have no doubt whatever that these scenes were +all written about the same time; my feeling being, that after the opening +Shakspeare ceased to feel any great interest in the work. Fletcher, on the +other hand, would appear to have made a very great effort; and though some +portions of the work I ascribe to him are tedious and overlaboured, no +censure would weigh very strongly against the fact, that for more than two +centuries they have been _applauded_ as the work of Shakspeare. + +As to the circumstances under which _Henry VIII._ was composed, it is an +exceedingly difficult question; and if I venture, on the present occasion, +to give the impression upon my mind, I do so, reserving to myself the full +right to change my opinion whenever I shall have acquired more knowledge of +the subject, or, from any other motive, shall see fit to do it. I consider +this case, then, as one of joint authorship; in point of time not much +later than the _Two Noble Kinsmen_, and in other respects similar to that +play. If the conclusions of the article in the _Westminster Review_, to +which MR. SPEDDING alludes, be accepted, the writer of the introductory +notice to _Henry VIII._ in the _Illustrated Shakspeare_, published by Tyas, +will recognise the "reverent disciple" whom he hints at, but does not name. +In short, I think that {402} Fletcher was the pupil of Shakspeare; and this +view, it appears to me, demands the serious attention of the biographer who +next may study or speculate upon the great poet's life. + +I don't know that I can add anything to MR. SPEDDING'S able analysis of +_Henry VIII._ There are certain _tricks_ of expression he, no doubt, has +observed that characterise Fletcher's style, and which abound in the play. +It might be useful to make notes of these; and, at some future time, I may +send you a selection. I now beg to send you the following extracts, made +some time ago, showing the doubts entertained by previous writers on the +subject:-- + + "Though it is very difficult to decide whether short pieces be genuine + or spurious, yet I cannot restrain myself from expressing my suspicion + that neither the prologue nor epilogue to this play is the work of + Shakspeare. It appears to me very likely that they were supplied by the + friendship or officiousness of Jonson, whose manner they will be + _perhaps found exactly_ to resemble."--_Johnson._ + + "Play revived in 1613." "Prologue and epilogue added by Jonson or some + other person."--_Malone._ + + "I entirely agree with Dr. Johnson, that Ben Jonson wrote the prologue + and epilogue to this play. Shakspeare had a little before assisted him + in his _Sejanus_.... I think I now and then perceive his hand in the + dialogue."--_Farmer._ + + "That Jonson was the author of the prologue and epilogue to this play + has been controverted by Mr. Gifford. That they were not the + composition of Shakspeare himself is, I think, clear from internal + evidence."--_Boswell._ + + "I entirely agree with Dr. Johnson with respect to the time when these + additional lines were inserted.... I suspect they were added in 1613, + after Shakspeare had quitted the stage, by that hand which tampered + with the other parts of the play so much as to have rendered the + versification of it of a different colour from all the other plays of + Shakspeare."--_Malone._ + + "If the reviver of this play (or tamperer with it, as he is called by + Mr. Malone) had so much influence over its numbers as to have entirely + changed their texture, he must be supposed to have new-woven the + substance of the whole piece; a fact almost incredible."--_Steevens._ + + The double character of Wolsey drawn by Queen Katherine and her + attendant, is a piece of vigorous writing of which any other author but + Shakspeare might have been proud; and the celebrated farewell of the + Cardinal, with his exhortation to Cromwell, only wants that quickening, + that vital something which the poet could have breathed into it, to be + truly and almost incomparably great. + + "Our own conviction is that Shakspeare wrote a portion only of this + play. + + "It cannot for a moment be supposed that any alteration of Shakspeare's + text would be necessary, or would be allowed; as little is it to be + supposed that Shakspeare would commence a play in his old-accustomed, + various, and unequalled verse, and finish it in the easy, but somewhat + lax and familiar, though not inharmonious numbers of a reverent + disciple."--_Tyas's Shakspeare_, vol. iii. p. 441. + +At the same time I made the following notes from Coleridge:-- + + "Classification, 1802. + 3rd Epoch. Henry VIII. Gelegenheitsgedicht. + + Classification, 1819. + 3rd Epoch. Henry VIII., a sort of historical masque, or show-play." + + "It (the historical drama) must likewise be poetical; that only, I + mean, must be taken which is the permanent in our nature, which is + common, and therefore deeply interesting to all ages."--_Lit. Rem._, + vol. ii. p.160. + +What is said in this last extract might be applied (as Coleridge, I feel no +doubt, had he gone one step farther into the subject, would have applied +it) to the Shakspearian drama generally; and tried by this test _Henry +VIII._ must certainly be found wanting. + +Before I conclude I am anxious to make an observation with regard to the +extract from Mr. Emerson's _Representative Men_ (vol. ii. p. 307.). The +essay from which this is taken, I presume to be the same, in a printed +form, as a lecture which I heard that gentleman deliver. With abundant +powers to form a judgment for himself, I should say that his mind had never +been directed to questions of this nature. Accident, perhaps, had drawn his +attention to the style of _Henry VIII._; but, with reference to the general +subject, he had received implicitly and unquestioned the conclusions of +authorities who have represented Shakspeare as the greatest borrower, +plagiarist, and imitator that all time has brought forth. This, however, +did not shake his faith in the poet's greatness; and to reconcile what to +some would appear contradictory positions, he proposes the fact, I might +say the truism, that the greatest man is not the most original, but the +"most indebted" man. This, in the sense in which it is true, is saying no +more than that the educated man is better than the savage; but, in the +apologetic sense intended, it is equivalent to affirming that the greatest +thief is the most respectable man. Confident in this morality, he assumes a +previous play to Shakspeare's; but it appears to me that he relies too much +upon the "cadence" of the lines: otherwise I could not account for his +_selecting_ as an "autograph" a scene that, to my mind, bears +"unmistakeable traits" of Fletcher's hand, and that, by whomsoever written, +is about the weakest in the whole play. + +It is a branch of the subject which I have not yet fully considered; but +MR. SPEDDING will observe that the view I take does not interfere with the +supposition that Fletcher revised the play, {403} with additions for its +revival in 1613; a task for the performance of which he would probably have +the consent of his early master. + +SAMUEL HICKSON. + + * * * * * + +ON AUTHORS AND BOOKS, NO. IX. + +_Eustache Deschamps._ Except in the two centuries next after the conquest, +contemporaneous French notices of early English writers seem to be of +rather infrequent occurrence. + +On this account, and on other accounts, the ballad addressed to Geoffrey +Chaucer by Eustache Deschamps deserves repetition. Its text requires to be +established, in order that we may be aware of its real obscurities--for no +future memoir of Chaucer can be considered as complete, without some +reference to it. + +The best authorities on Eustache Deschamps are MM. Crapelet, Raynouard, and +Paulin Paris. To M. Crapelet we are indebted for the publication of +_Poésies morales et historiques d'Eustache Deschamps_; to M. Raynouard, for +an able review of the volume in the _Journal des Savants_; and to M. Paulin +Paris, for an account of the manuscript in which the numerous productions +of the author are preserved. Of the author himself, the learned M. Paris +thus writes:-- + + "On pourroit surnommer Eustache Deschamps le Rutebeuf du XIVe + siècle.--Ses oeuvres comprennent des épitres, des discours en prose, + des jeux dramatiques, des ouvrages latins, des apologues, un grand + poème moral, et un infinité de ballades et rondeaux pieux, bouffons, + satiriques," &c. + +Two impressions of the ballad in question are before me; one, in the _Life +of Geoffrey Chaucer by sir Harris Nicholas_, dated 1843--and the other in a +volume entitled _Geoffrey Chaucer, poète anglais du XIVe siècle. Analyses +et Fragments par H. Gomont_, Paris, 1847.--I transcribe the ballad from the +latter volume, as less accessible to English students:-- + + "BALLADE INÉDITE ADRESSÉE A GEOFFREY + CHAUCER PAR EUSTACHE DESCHAMPS. + + O Socrates, plains de philosophie, + Senèque en meurs et _Anglais_ en pratique, + _Ouï des grans_ en ta poëterie, + Bries en parler, saiges en rethorique, + _Virgiles_ tres haulz qui, par ta théorique, + Enlumines le règne d'Eneas, + Lisle aux geans, ceuls du Bruth, et qui as + Semé les fleurs et planté le rosier, + Aux ignorants, de la langue pandras + Grant translateur, noble Geffroy Chaucier. + + Tu es d'amours mondains Dieux en Albie, + Et de la rose en la terre angélique, + Qui _d'Angela_ Saxonne et (est) puis flourie + Angleterre (d'elle ce nom s'applique). + + Le derrenier en l'éthimologique + En bon anglès le livre translatas; + Et un Vergier, où du plant demandas + De ceuls qui _sont_ pour eulx auctorisier, + _A ja_ long teams que tu édifias, + Grant tranlslateur noble Geffroy Chaucier. + + A toy, pour ce, de la fontaine Helye + Requier avoir un _buvraige_ autentique + Dont la doys est du tout en ta baillie, + Pour _rafrener_ d'elle ma _soif_ éthique + _Qui men_ gaule seray paralitique + Jusques à ce que tu m'abuveras. + Eustaces sui qui de mon plant aras; + Mais pran en gre les euvres d'escolier + Que par Clifford de moy Bavoir pourras, + Grant translateur noble Geffroy Chaucier. + + L'ENVOY. + + Poëte hauls loenge destynie + _En_ ton jardin ne seroie qu'ortie + Considere ce que j'ai dit premier + Ton noble plant, ta douce melodie + Mais pour savoir de rescripre te prie, + Grant translateur noble Geoffroy Chaucier." + +The new readings are in Italics, and I shall now repeat them with the +corresponding words as printed by sir Harris Nicolas:-- + + "Anglais=angles; Ouï des grans=Ovides grans; Virgiles=Aigles; + d'Angela=dangels; sont=font; A ja=N'a pas; buvraige=ouvrage; + rafrener=rafrecir; soif=soix; Qui men=Qu'en ma; En=Et." + +After such an exhibition of various readings, arising out of only two +copies of the same manuscript, it is evident that a re-collation of it is +very desirable, and I am sure the result would be thankfully received by +the numerous admirers of Chaucer. + +BOLTON CORNEY. + +_Eustache Deschamps_ (Vol. ii., p. 376.).--J.M.B. is desirous of learning +some particulars of this French poet, contemporaneous with Chaucer. He will +find a brief notice of him in the _Recueil de Chants Historiques Français, +depuis le XIIème jusqu'au XVIIIème Siècle_, by Le Roux de Lincy (2 vols. +Paris, 1841, Libraire de Charles Espelin). He is there described as, + + "Ecuyer et huissier d'armes des rois Charles V. et Charles VI., qui + resta toujours fidèle à la maison de France;" + +And the editor adds: + + "Les oeuvres d'Eustache Deschamps contiennent pour l'histoire du XIVème + siècle des renseignemens précieux; on peut y recueillir des faits + politiques qui ne sont pas sans importance, mais on y trouve en plus + grand nombre des détails précieux sur les moeurs, les usages, et les + coutumes de cette époque." + +His poems were published for the first time in one vol. 8vo., in 1832, by +M. Crapelet, with this title: {404} + + "Poésies morales et historiques d'Eustache Deschamps, écuyer, huissier + d'armes des rois Charles V. et Charles VI., chatelain de Fismes et + bailli de Senlis." + +As regards the "_genuineness_" of the poem cited, I am inclined, with +J.M.B., to think that it admits of question, the orthography savouring more +of the end of the fifteenth than of the close of the fourteenth century. I +am sorry not to be able to explain the meaning of "_la langue Pandras_." + +D.C. + + * * * * * + +NOTES ON THE SECOND EDITION OF MR. CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK OF LONDON. + +21. _New Tunbridge Wells, at Islington._--This fashionable morning lounge +of the nobility and gentry during the early part of the eighteenth century, +is omitted by Mr. Cunningham. There is a capital view of it in Bickham's +_Musical Entertainer_, 1737: + + "These once beautiful tea-gardens (we remember them as such) were + formerly in high repute. In 1733 their Royal Highnesses the Princesses + Amelia and Caroline frequented them in the summer time for the purpose + of drinking the waters. They have furnished a subject for pamphlets, + poems, plays, songs, and medical treatises, by Ned Ward, George Colman + the older, Bickham, Dr. Hugh Smith, &c. Nothing now remains of them but + the original chalybeate spring, which is still preserved in an obscure + nook, amidst a poverty-stricken and squalid rookery of misery and + vice."--George Daniel's _Merrie England in the Olden Time_, vol. i. p. + 31. + +22. _London Spa_ (from which Spa Fields derives its name) dates as far back +as 1206. In the eighteenth century, it was a celebrated place of amusement. +There is a curious view of "London Spaw" in a rare pamphlet entitled +_May-Day, or, The Original of Garlands_. Printed for J. Roberts, 1720, 8vo. + +23. _Spring Gardens._--Cox's Museum is described in the printed catalogue +of 1774, as being in "Spring Gardens." In the same year a small volume was +published containing _A Collection of various Extracts in Prose and Verse +relative to Cox's Museum_. + +24. _The Pantheon in Spa Fields._--This place of amusement was opened in +1770 for the sale of tea, coffee, wine, punch, &c. It had an organ, and a +spacious promenade and galleries. In 1780 it was converted into a +lay-chapel by the Countess of Huntingdon, and is now known as _Northampton_ +or _Spa Fields Chapel_. Mr. Cunningham speaks of the burying-ground +(originally the garden), but singularly enough omits to notice the chapel. + +25. _Baldwin's Gardens_, running between Leather Lane and Gray's Inn Lane, +were, according to a stone which till lately was to have been seen against +a corner house, bearing the arms of Queen Elizabeth, named after _Richard +Baldwin_, one of the royal gardeners, who began building here in 1589. + +26. _Rathbone Place._--In an old print (now before me) dated 1722, this +street is called "_Rawbone Place_." The Percy coffee-house is still in +existence. + +27. _Surrey Institution, Blackfriars Road._--This building was originally +erected, and for some years appropriated to the _Leverian Museum_. This +magnificent museum of natural history was founded by Sir Ashton Lever, who +died in 1788. It was afterwards disposed of by way of lottery, and won by +Mr. James Parkinson, who transferred it from Leicester Place to the Surrey +side of Blackfriars bridge. + +28. _Schomberg House, Pall Mall_, (now, I believe, about to be pulled +down), was once the residence of that celebrated "quack" Dr. Graham. Here, +in 1783, he erected his _Temple of Health_. He afterwards removed to Panton +Street, Haymarket, where he first exhibited his _Earth Bath_. I do not find +any mention of Graham in Mr. Cunningham's book. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Laying a Ghost._--Frequent mention is made of the laying of ghosts, and in +many localities the tradition of such an event is extant. At Cumnor, Lady +Dudley (Amy Robsart's) ghost is said to have been laid by nine Oxford +parsons, and the tradition is still preserved by the villagers; but nowhere +have I been able to ascertain what was the ceremony on such an occasion. + +Is anything known on the subject? + +A.D.B. + +Abingdon, Nov. 1850. + +_A Test of Witchcraft._--Among the many tests applied for the discovery of +witchcraft was the following. It is, I believe, a singular instance, and +but little known to the public. It was resorted to as recently as 1759, and +may be found in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ of that year. + + "One _Susannah Hannokes_, an elderly woman of Wingrove, near + Ayleshbury, was accused by a neighbour for bewitching her + spinning-wheel, so that she could not make it go round, and offered to + make oath of it before a majistrate; on which the husband, to justify + his wife, insisted upon her being tried by the Church Bible, and that + the accuser should be present: accordingly she was conducted to the + parish church, where she was stript of all her cloathes to her shift + and undercoat, and weighed against the Bible; when, to the no small + mortification of her accuser, she outweighed it, and was honorably + acquitted of the charge." + +A.D.N. + +Abingdon, Nov. 1850. + + * * * * * {405} + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Quin's incoherent Story._--The comic story of Sir Gammer Vans (Vol. ii., +p. 280.) reminds me of an anecdote related of Quin, who is said to have +betted Foote a wager that he would speak some nonsense which Foote could +not repeat off-hand after him. Quin then produced the following string of +incoherences:-- + + "So she went into the garden to pick a cabbage leaf, to make an + apple-pie of; and a she-bear, coming up the street, put her head into + the shop, and said 'Do you sell any soap?' So she died, and he very + imprudently married the barber; and the powder fell out of the + counsellor's wig, and poor Mrs. Mackay's puddings were quite entirely + spoilt; and there were present the Garnelies, and the Goblilies, and + the Picninnies, and the Great Pangendrum himself, with the little round + button at top, and they played at the ancient game of 'Catch who catch + can,' till the gunpowder ran out of the heels of their boots." + +L. + +_Touchstone's Dial._--Mr. Knight, in a note on _As You Like It_, gives us +the description of a dial presented to him by a friend who had picked it +"out of a deal of old iron," and which he supposes to be such a one as the +"fool i' the forest" drew from his poke, and looked on with lacklustre eye. +It is very probable that this species of chronometer is still in common use +in the sister kingdom; for my brother mentions to me that, when at school +in Ireland some fifteen or sixteen years since, he had seen one of those +"_ring-dials_" in the possession of one of his schoolfellows: and Mr. +Carleton, in his amusing _Traits and Stories of the Irish Peasantry_, thus +describes them:-- + + "The ring-dial was the hedge-schoolmaster's next best substitute for a + watch. As it is possible that a great number of our readers may never + have heard of--much less seen one, we shall in a word or two describe + it--nothing indeed could be more simple. It was a bright brass ring, + about three quarters of an inch broad, and two inches and a half in + diameter. There was a small hole in it, which, when held opposite the + sun, admitted the light against the inside of the ring behind. On this + were marked the hours and the quarters, and the time was known by + observing the hour or the quarter on which the slender ray, that came + in from the hole in front, fell." + +J.M.B. + +_America and Tartary._-- + + "Un jésuite rencontra en Tartarie une femme huronne qu'il avoit connue + au Canada: il conclut de cette étrange aventure, que le continent de + l'Amérique se rapproche au nord-ouest du continent de l'Asie, et il + devina ainsi l'existence du détroit qui, longtemps après, a fait la + gloire de Bering et de Cook."--Chateaubriand, _Génie du Christianisme_, + Partie 4., Livre 4., Chap. 1. + +Yet, with all deference to the edifying letters of this missionary jesuit, +it is difficult to make such distant ends meet. It almost requires a copula +like that of the fool, who, to reconcile his lord's assertion that he had +with a single bullet shot a deer in the ear and the hind foot, explained +that the deer was scratching his ear at the time with his foot. + +Subjoined is one more _proof_ of the communication which once existed +between America and the Old World: + + Colomb disoit même avoir vu les restes des fourneaux de Salomon dans + les mines de Cibao."--Chateaubriand, _Génie, Notes, &c_. + +MANLEIUS. + +_Deck of Cards._-- + + "The king was slily finger'd from the _deck_." + _Henry VI._, pt. iii. Act v. Sc. 1. + +It is well known, and properly noted, that a pack of cards was formerly +called a _deck_; but it should be added that the term is still commonly +used in Ireland, and from being made use of in the famed song of "De Night +before Larry was stretched," + + "De deck being called for dey play'd, + Till Larry found one of dem cheated," + +it seems likely to be preserved. I may add, that many words and many forms +of expression which have gone out of vogue in England, or have become +provincial, are still in daily use in Ireland. + +J.M.B. + +_Time when Herodotus wrote._--The following passage appears to me to afford +strong evidence, not only that Herodotus did not complete his history till +an advanced age, but that he did not _begin_ it. For in lib. i. 5. he +writes: "[Greek: ta de ep' emou ên megala, proteron ên smikra]," "those +cities, which in my time _were_ great, were of old small." This is +certainly such an expression as none but a man advanced in years could have +used. It is perhaps worth observing, that this passage occurring in the +Introduction does not diminish its weight, as the events recorded in it, +leading naturally into the history, could not well have been written +afterwards. As I have never seen this passage noticed with this view. I +shall be glad to see whether the argument which I have deduced from it +appears a reasonable one to your classical readers. + +A.W.H. + +"_Dat veniam corvis," &c._--There were two headmasters of the school of +Merchant Taylors, of the respective names of Du Guard and Stevens: the +former having printed Salmasius' _Defensio Regia_, was ejected by Lord +President Bradshaw; and the latter held the vacant post in the interim, +from February to September, 1650. He wrote during his tenure of office in +the School Probation Book."-- {406} + + "Res DEUS nostras celeri citatas + Turbine versat." + "_Dat veniam corvis, vexat censura columbas_, + Pejus merenti melior, et pejor bono." + +On his restoration Du Gard pleasantly retorted,-- + + "Du Gardum sequitur Stephanus, Stephanumque vicissim, + Du Gardus: sortes versat utrinque DEUS." + +M.W. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +DRYDEN'S "ABSALOM AND ACHITOPHEL." + +In my small library I have neither Malone's _Life of Dryden_, nor that of +more recent date by Sir Walter Scott; and, possibly, either of those works +would render my present Query needless. It relates to a copy of _Absalom +and Achitophel_ now lying before me, which is a mere chap-book, printed on +bad paper, in the most economical manner, and obviously intended to be sold +at a very reasonable rate: indeed, at the bottom of the title-page, which +is dated "1708," we are told that it was "Printed and sold by H. Hills, in +Black-fryars, near the Water-side, _for the Benefit of the Poor_." It +consists of twenty-four pages, small 8vo., and, in order that the poem +should not occupy too much space, one of the pages (p. 22.) is in a smaller +type, and in double columns. At the end is the following singular + + "ADVERTISEMENT. + + "To prevent the publicks being impos'd on, this is to give notice that + the book lately published in 4to. is very imperfect and uncorrect, in + so much that above thirty lines are omitted in several places, and many + gross errors committed, which pervert the sense." + +The above is in Italic type, and the body of the tract consists of only the +first part of _Absalom and Achitophel_, as ordinarily printed: allowing for +misprints (which are tolerably numerous), the poem stands very much the +same as in several common editions I have at hand. My Query is, Is the work +known to have been so published "for the benefit of the poor," and in order +to give it greater circulation, and what is the explanation of the +"Advertisement?" + +THE HERMIT OF HOLYPORT. + +N.B. A short "Key" follows the usual address "To the Reader." + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Edward the Confessor's Crucifix and Gold Chain._--In 1688 Ch. Taylour +published _A Narrative of the Finding St. Edward the King and Confessor's +Crucifix and Gold Chain in the Abbey Church of St. Peter's, Westminster_. +Are the circumstances attending this discovery well known? And where now is +the crucifix and chain? + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_The Widow of the Wood._--Benjamin Victor published in 1755 a "narrative" +entitled _The Widow of the Wood_. It is said to be very rare, having been +"bought up" by the Wolseleys of Staffordshire. What is the history of the +publication? + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Cardinal Erskine._--I am anxious to obtain some information respecting +Cardinal Erskine, a Scotchman, as his name would impart, but called +Cardinal of England? I suppose he was elevated to the sacred college +between Cardinal Howard, the last mentioned by Dodd in his _Church +History_, and the Cardinal of York, the last scion of the house of Stuart. + +And is the following a correct list of English Cardinals since Wolsey, who +died in 1530? + + Elevated in +John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester 1535 +Reginald Pole, Archbishop of Canterbury 1536 +William Peyto, Bishop of Salisbury 1557 +William Allen 1587 +Philip Howard 1675 +---- Erskine ---- +Henry Stuart of York 1747 +Thomas Weld 1830 +Charles Acton 1839 or 1842 +Nicolas Wiseman, who is the 53rd 1850 + on the list of English Cardinals + +Both the latter were born abroad, the former at Naples, the latter at +Seville; but they were born of British subjects, and were brought to +England at an early age to be educated. The Cardinal of York was born in +Rome; but being of the royal family of England, was always styled the +Cardinal of England. + +G.W. + +October 26. 1850. + +_Thomas Regiolapidensis._--Where can I find any information as to the saint +who figures in the following curious story? _Regiolapidensis_ may probably +mean _of Königstein_, in Saxony; but Albon Butler takes no notice of this +Thomas. + + "Incipit narratiuncula e libro vingto, cui titular _Vita atq. Gesta B. + Thomæ Regiolapidensis, ex ordine FF. Prædicatorum_, excerpta. + + "Quum verò prædicator indefensus, missionum ecclesiasticarum causâ, in + borealibus versaretur partibus, miraculum ibi stupendum sanè patravit. + Conspexit enim taurum ingentem, vaccarum (sicut poëta quidam ex + ethnicis ait) 'magnâ comitante catervâ,' in prato quodam graminoso + ferocientem, maceriâ tantum bassâ inter se et belluam istam horrendam + interpositâ. Constitit Thomas, constitit et bos, horribiliter rugiens, + caudâ erectâ, cornibus immaniter sæviens, ore spumam, naribus vaporem, + oculis fulgur emittens, maceriam transsilire, in virum sanctum irruere, + corpusque ejus venerabile in aëra jactitare, visibiliter nimis paratus. + {407} Thomas autem, eaptâ occasione, oculos in monstrum obfirmat, + signumque crucis magneticum in modum indesinenter ducere aggreditur, En + portentum inauditum! geminis belluae luminibus illico palpebrae + obducuntur, titubat taurus, cadit, ac, signo magnetico sopitus, primò + raucum stertens, mox infantiliter placidum trahens halitum, humi pronus + recumbit. Nec moratus donec hostis iste cornutus somnum excuteret, viv + sanctus ad hospitium se propinquum laetus inde incolumisque recepit." + +RUSTICUS. + +"_Her Brow was fair._"--Can any of your many readers inform me of the +author of the following lines, which I copy as I found them quoted in Dr. +Armstrong's _Lectures_: + + "Her brow was fair, but very pale, + And looked like stainless marble; a touch methought would soil + Its whiteness. On her temple, one blue vein + Ran like a tendril; one through her shadowy hand + Branched like the fibre of a leaf away." + +J.M.B. + +_Hoods warn by Doctors of Divinity of Aberdeen._--Will you allow me to +inquire, through the pages of your publication, of what _colour_ and +_material_ the _exterior_ and _lining_ of hoods were composed which Doctors +in Divinity, who had graduated at Aberdeen, Glasgow, and St. Andrew's, +prior to the Reformation, were accustomed to wear? I imagine, the same as +those worn by Doctors who had graduated at Paris: but what hoods they wore +I know not. I trust that some of your correspondents will enlighten me upon +this subject. + +LL.D. + +_Irish Brigade._--Where can I find any account of the institution and +history of the Irish brigade, a part of the army of France under the +Bourbons? + +J.D. + +Bath. + +_Doctrine of the Immaculate Conception._--In the charge delivered by the +Bishop of London to his clergy, on the 2nd instant, the following passage +occurs: + + "It is not easy to say what the members of that Church [the Church of + Rome] are required to believe now; it is impossible for men to foresee + what they may be called upon to admit as an article of faith next year, + or in any future year: for instance, till of late it was open to a + Roman Catholic to believe or not, as he might see reason, the fanciful + notion of the immaculate conception of the Blessed Virgin; but the + present Bishop of Rome has seen fit to make it an article of their + faith; and no member of his church can henceforth question it without + denying the infallibility of his spiritual sovereign, and so hazarding, + as it is asserted, his own salvation." + +Can any of your correspondents inform me where the papal decision on this +point is to be found? + +L. + +_Gospel Oak Tree at Kentish Town._--Can you inform me why an ancient oak +tree, in a field at Kentish Town, is called the "Gospel Oak Tree." It is +situated and grows in the field called the "Gospel Oak Field," Kentish +Town, St. Pancras, Middlesex. Tradition says Saint Augustine, or one of the +ancient Fathers of the Church, preached under its branches. + +STEPHEN. + +_Arminian Nunnery in Huntingdonshire._--Where can I find an account of a +religious academy called the _Arminian Nunnery_, founded by the family of +the FERRARS, at Little Gidding in Huntingdonshire? I have seen some MS. +collections of Francis Peck on the subject, but they are formed in a bad +spirit. Has not Thomas Hearne left us something about this institution? + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Ruding's Annotated Langbaine._--Can any of your readers inform me who +possesses the copy of Langbaine's _Account of the English Dramatic Poets_ +with MS. additions, and copious continuations, by the REV. ROGERS RUDING? +In one of his notes, speaking of the Garrick collection of old plays, that +industrious antiquary observes: + + "This noble collection has lately (1784) been mutilated by tearing out + such single plays as were duplicates to others in the Sloane Library. + The folio editions of Shakespeare, Beaumont and Fletcher, and Jonson, + have likewise been taken from it for the same reason." + +This is a sad complaint against the Museum authorities of former times. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Mrs. Tempest._--Can any of your correspondents give me any account of Mrs. +(or, in our present style, Miss) Tempest, a young lady who died the day of +the great storm in Nov., 1703, in honour of whom Pope's early friend Walshe +wrote an elegiac pastoral, and invited Pope to give his "winter" pastoral +"a turn to her memory." In the note on Pope's pastoral it is said that "she +was of an ancient family in Yorkshire, and admired by Walshe." I have +elsewhere read of her as "the celebrated Mrs. Tempest;" but I know of no +other celebrity than that conferred by Walshe's pastoral; for Pope's has no +special allusion to her. + +C. + +_Sitting cross-legged._--In an alliterative poem on Fortune (_Reliquiæ +Antiquæ_, ii. p. 9.), written early in the fifteenth century, are the +following lines:-- + + "Sitte, I say, and sethe on a semeli sete, + Rygth on the rounde, on the rennyng ryng; + _Caste kne over kne, as a kynge kete_, + Comely clothed in a cope, crouned as a kyng." + +The third line seems to illustrate those early illuminations in which kings +and great personages are represented as sitting cross-legged. There are +numerous examples of the A.-S. period. Was it {408} merely assumption of +dignity, or was it not rather intended to ward off any evil influence which +might affect the king whilst sitting, in his state? That this was a +consideration of weight we learn from the passage in Bede, in which +Ethelbert is described as receiving Augustine in the open air: + + "Post dies ergo venit ad insulam rex, et residens sub divo jussit + Augustinum cum sociis ad suum ibidem adveire colloquium; caverat enim + ne in aliquam domum ad se introirent, vetere usus augurio, ne + superventu suo, si quid maleficæ artis habuissent, eum superando + deciperent."--_Hist. Eccles._, l. i. c. 25. + +It was cross-legged that Lucina was sitting before the floor of Alemena +when she was deceived by Galanthes. In Devonshire there is still a saying +which recommends "sitting cross-legged to help persons on a journey;" and +it is employed as a charm by schoolboys in order to avert punishment. +(Ellis's _Brand_, iii. 258.) Were not the cross-legged effigies, formerly +considered to be those of Crusaders, so arranged with an idea of the +mysterious virtue of the position? + +RICHARD J. KING. + +_Twickenham--Did Elizabeth visit Bacon there?_--I believe all the authors +who within the last sixty years have written on the history of Twickenham, +Middlesex (and among the most known of these I may mention Lysons, +Ironside, and John Norris Brewer), have, when mentioning Twickenham Park, +formerly the seat of Lord Bacon, stated that he there entertained Queen +Elizabeth. Of this circumstance I find no account in the works of the +sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. His lordship entertained her at +Gorhambury in one of her progresses; and I would ask if it be possible that +Twickenham may have been mistaken for his other seat of Gorhambury? It is +well known Queen Elizabeth passed much of the latter part of her life at +Richmond, and ended her days there; and in Mr. Nares' _Memoirs of Lord +Burghley_ there is an account of her visit to Barn-Elms; and there is also +a curious description of her visit to Kew (in that neighbourhood) in the +_Sydney Papers_, published by Arthur Collins, in two vols. folio, vol. i. +p. 376., in a letter from Rowland Whyte, Esq. Had Lord Bacon received her +majesty, it must most probably have been in 1595. But perhaps some of your +readers may be able to supply me with information on this subject. + +D.N. + +_Burial towards the West._--The usual posture of the dead is with the feet +eastward, and the head towards the west: the fitting attitude of men who +look for their Lord, "whose name is The East," and who will come to +judgement in the regions of the dawn suddenly. But it was the ancient usage +of the Church that the martyr, the bishop, the saint, and even the priest, +should occupy in their sepulture a position the reverse of the secular +dead, and lie down with their feet westward, and their heads to the rising +sun. The position of the crozier and the cross on ancient sepulchres of the +clergy record and reveal this fact. The doctrine suggested by such a burial +was, that these mighty men which were of old would be honoured with a first +resurrection, and as their Master came on from the east, they were to arise +and to follow the Lamb as He went; insomuch that they, with Him, would +advance to the Judgement of the general multitudes,--the ancients and the +saints which were worthy to judge and reign. Now, Sir, my purpose in this +statement is to elicit, if I may, from your learned readers illustrations +of this distinctive interment. + +R.S. HAWKER. + +Morwenstow. + +_Medal struck by Charles II._--Voltaire, in his _Histoire de Charles XII._, +liv. 4., states that a medal was struck in commemoration of a victory which +Charles XII. gained over the Russians, at a place named Hollosin, near the +Boresthenes, in the year 1708. He adds that on one side of this medal was +the epigraph, "Sylvæ, paludes, aggeres, hostes victi;" on the other the +verse of Lucan:-- + + "Victrices _copias_ alium laturus in orbem." + +The verse of Lucan referred to is in lib. v. l.238.: + + "Victrices _aquilas_ alium laturus in orbem." + +Query, Is the medal referred to by Voltaire known to exist? and if so, is +the substitution of the unmetrical and prosaic word _copias_ due to the +author of the medal, or to Voltaire himself? + +L. + +_National Debt._--What volumes, pamphlets, or paragraphs can be pointed out +to the writer, in poetry or prose, alluding to the bribery, corruption, and +abuses connected with the formation of the National Debt from 1698 to 1815? + +F.H.B. + +_Midwives licensed._--In the articles to be inquired into in the province +of Canterbury, anno 1571 (_Grindal Rem._, Park. Soc. 174-58), inquiry to be +made + + "Whether any use charms, or unlawful prayers, or invocations, in Latin + or otherwise, and _namely, midwives in the time of women's travail of + child_." + +In the oath taken by Eleanor Pead before being licensed by the Archbishop +to be a midwife a similar clause occurs; the words, "Also, I will not use +any kind of sorcery or incantations in the time of the travail of any +woman." Can any of your readers inform me what charms or prayers are here +referred to, and at what period midwives ceased to be licensed by the +Archbishop, or if any traces of such license are still found in Roman +Catholic countries? + +S.P.H.T. + + * * * * * {409} + + +REPLIES. + +THE BLACK ROOD OF SCOTLAND. + +(Vol. ii., p. 308.) + +I am not aware of any record in which mention of this relique occurs before +the time of St. Margaret. It seems very probable that the venerated +crucifix which was so termed was one of the treasures which descended with +the crown of the Anglo-Saxon kings. When the princess Margaret, with her +brother Edgar, the lawful heir to the throne of St. Edward the Confessor, +fled into Scotland, after the victory of William, she carried this cross +with her amongst her other treasures. Aelred of Rievaulx (ap. Twysd. 350.) +gives a reason why it was so highly valued, and some description of the +rood itself: + + "Est autem crux illa longitudinem habens palmæ de auro purissimo + mirabili opere fabricats, quæ in modum techæ clauditur et aperitur. + Cernitur in ea quædarn Dominicæ crucis portio, (sicut sæpe multorum + miraculorum argumento probatum est). Salvatoris nostri ymaginem habens + de ebore densissime sculptam et aureis distinctionibus mirabiliter + decoratam." + +St. Margaret appears to have destined it for the abbey which she and her +royal husband, Malcolm III., founded at Dunfermline in honour of the Holy +Trinity: and this cross seems to have engaged her last thoughts for her +confessor relates that, when dying, she caused it to be brought to her, and +that she embraced, and gazed steadfastly upon it, until her soul passed +from time to eternity. Upon her death (16th Nov., 1093), the Black Rood was +deposited upon the altar of Dunfermline Abbey, where St. Margaret was +interred. + +The next mention of it that I have been enabled to make note of, occurs in +1292, in the Catalogue of Scottish Muniments which were received within the +Castle of Edinburgh, in the presence of the Abbots of Dunfermline and Holy +Rood, and the Commissioners of Edward I., on the 23rd August in that year, +and were conveyed to Berwick-upon-Tweed. Under the head + + "Omnia ista inventa fuerunt in quadam cista in Dormitorio S. Crucis, et + ibidem reposita prædictos Abbates et altos, sub ecrum sigillis." + +we find + + "Unum scrinium argenteum deauratum, in quo reponitur crux quo vocatur + _la blake rode_."--Robertson's _Index_, Introd. xiii. + +It does not appear that any such fatality was ascribed to this relique as +that which the Scots attributed to the possession of the famous stone on +which their kings were crowned, or it might be conjectured that when Edward +I. brought "the fatal seat" from Scone to Westminster, he brought the Black +Rood of Scotland too. That amiable and pleasing historian, Miss Strickland, +has stated that the English viewed the possession of this relique by the +Scottish kings with jealousy; that it was seized upon by Edward I., but +restored on the treaty of peace in 1327. This statement is erroneous; the +rood having been mistaken for the stone, which, by the way, as your readers +know, was never restored. + +We next find it in the possession of King David Bruce, who lost this +treasured relique, with his own liberty, at the battle of Durham (18th +Oct., 1346), and from that time the monks of Durham became its possessors. +In the _Description of the Ancient Monuments, Rites, and Customs of the +Abbey Church of Durham_, as they existed at the dissolution, which was +written in 1593, and was published by Davies in 1672, and subsequently by +the Surtees Society, we find it described as + + "A most faire roode or picture of our Saviour, in silver, called the + Black Roode of Scotland, brought out of Holy Rood House, by King David + Bruce ... with the picture of Our Lady on the one side of our Saviour, + and St. John's on the other side, very richly wrought in silver, all + three having crownes of pure beaten gold of goldsmith's work, with a + device or rest to take them off or on." + +The writer then describes the "fine wainscote work" to which this costly +"rood and pictures" were fastened on a pillar at the east end of the +southern aisle of the quire. And in a subsequent chapter (p. 21. of Surtees +Soc. volume) we have an account of the cross miraculously received by David +I. (whom the writer confounds with the King David Bruce captured at the +battle of Durham, notwithstanding that his _Auntient Memorial_ professes to +be "collected forthe of the best antiquaries"), and in honour of which he +founded Holy Rood Abbey in 1128 from which account it clearly appears that +this cross was distinct from the Black Rood of Scotland. For the writer, +after stating that this miraculous cross had been brought from Holy Rood +House by the king, as a "most fortunate relique," says: + + "He lost _the said crosse_, which was taiken upon him, and many other + most wourthie and excellent jewells ... which all weare offred up at + the shryne of Saint Cuthbert, _together with the Blacke Rude of + Scotland_ (so termed), with Mary and John, maid of silver, being, as yt + were, smoked all over, which was placed and sett up most exactlie in + the pillar next St. Cuthbert's shrine," &c. + +In the description written in 1593, as printed, the size of the Black Rood +is not mentioned; but in Sanderson's _Antiquities of Durham_, in which he +follows that description, but with many variations and omissions, he says +(p. 22.), in mentioning the Black Rood of Scotland, with the images, as +above described,-- + + "Which rood and pictures were all three very richly wrought in silver, + and were all smoked blacke over, {410} being large pictures of a yard + or five quarters long, and on every one of their leads a crown of pure + beaten gold," &c. + +I have one more (too brief) notice of this famous rood. It occurs in the +list of reliques preserved in the Feretory of St. Cuthhert, under the care +of the shrine-keeper, which was drawn up in 1383 by Richard de Sedbrok, and +is as follows: + + "A black crosse, called the _Black Rode of Scotland_."--MS. Dunelm., B. + ii. 35. + +Strange to say, Mr. Raine, in his _St. Cuthbert_, p. 108., appears to +confound the cross brought from Holy Rood House, and in honour of which it +was founded, with the Black Rood of Scotland. He was misled, no doubt, by +the statement in the passage above extracted from the _Ancient Monuments_, +that this cross was brought out of Holy Rood House. + +I fear that the fact that it was formed of silver and gold, gives little +reason to hope that this historical relique escaped destruction when it +came into the hands of King Henry's church robbers. Its sanctity may, +indeed, have induced the monks to send it with some other reliques to a +place of refuge on the Continent, until the tyranny should be overpast; but +there is not any tradition at Durham, that I am aware of, to throw light on +the concluding Query of your correspondent P.A.F., as to "what became of +the 'Holy Cross,' or 'Black Rood,' at the dissolution of Durham Priory?" + +That the Black Rood of Scotland, and the Cross of Holy Rood House were +distinct, there can, I think, be no doubt. The cross mentioned by Aelred is +not mentioned as the "Black Rood:" probably it acquired this designation +after his time. But Fordoun, in the _Scoti-Chronicon_, Lord Hailes in his +_Annals_, and other historians, have taken Aelred's account as referring to +the Black Rood of Scotland. Whether it had been brought from Dunfermline to +Edinburgh before Edward's campaign, and remained thenceforth deposited in +Holy Rood Abbey, does not appear: but it is probable that a relique to +which the sovereigns of Scotland attached so much veneration was kept at +the latter place. + +W.S.G. + +Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Nov. 2. 1850. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Hæmony_ (Vol. ii., p. 88.).--MR. BASHAM will find some account of this +plant under the slightly different type of "Hemionion" in Pliny, xxv. 20., +xvi. 25., xxvii. 17.: + + "Invenit et Teucer eadem ætate Teucrion, quam quidam 'Hemionion' + vocant, spargentem juncos tenues, folia parva, asperis locis nascentem, + austero sapore, nunquam florentem: neque semen gignit. Medetur lienibus + ... Narrantque sues qui radicem ejus ederint sine splene inveniri. + + "Singultus hemionium sedat. + + "'Asplenon' sunt qui _hemionion_ vocant foliis trientalibus multis, + radice limosa, cavernosa, sicut filicis, candida, hirsuta: nec caulem, + nec florem, nec semen habet. Nascitur in petris parietibusque opacis, + humidis." + +According to Hardouin's note, p. 3777., it is the _Ceterach_ of the shops, +or rather _Citrach_; a great favourite of the mules, [Greek: hêmionoi], +witness Theophrastus, _Hist._, ix. 19. + +Ray found it "on the walls about Bristol, and the stones at St. Vincent's +rock." He calls it "Spleenwort" and "Miltwaste." _Catalog. Plant._ p. 31. +Lond. 1677. + +I have a copy of Henri du Puy's "original" _Comus_, but do not recollect +his noticing the plant. + +G.M. + +Guernsey. + +_Byron's Birthplace._--Can any of your correspondents give any information +relative to the house in which Lord Byron was born? His biographers state +that it was in Holles Street, but do not mention the number. + +C.B.W. + +Edgbaston. + + [Our correspondent will find, on referring to Mr. Cunningham's + _Handbook of London_, that "Byron was born at No. 24. Holles Street, + and christened in the small parish church of St. Marylebone."] + +_Ancient Tiles_ (Vol. i., p. 173.).--The device of two birds perched back +to back on the twigs of a branch that rises between them, is found, not on +tiles only, but in wood carving; as at Exeter Cathedral, on two of the +Misereres in the choir, and on the gates which separate the choir from the +aisles, and these again from the nave. + +J.W.H. + +_Modena Family_ (Vol. ii., p. 266.).--Victor Amadeus III., King of +Sardinia, died in October, 1796. Mary Beatrice, Duchess of Modena, mother +of the present Duke of Modena, was the daughter of Victor Emmanuel V., King +of Sardinia, who abdicated his throne in 1821, and died 10th January, 1824. +The present Duke of Modena is the direct heir of the house of Stuart in the +following line:-- + +All the legitimate issue of Charles II. and James II. being extinct, we +fall back upon Henrietta Maria, youngest child of Charles I. She married +her cousin Philip, Duke of Orleans, brother of Louis XIV., and by him had +three children. Two died without issue: the youngest, Anna Maria, b. Aug. +1669, mar. Victor Amadeus II., Duke of Savoy, and had by him three +children, one son and two daughters. + +The son, Charles Emmanuel III., Duke of {411} Savoy, married and had Victor +Amadeus III., who married Maria Antoinette of Spain, and had:--1. Charles +Emmanuel IV., who died without issue, and 2. Victor Emmanuel V., who +married an Austrian Archduchess; his eldest daughter married Francis IV. +Duke of Modena. She died between A.D. 1841-1846, I believe, and left four +children:--1. Francis V., Duke of Modena. 2. The wife of Henri, Comte de +Chambord. 3. Ferdinand. 4. Marie, wife of Don Juan, brother of the present +de jure King of Spain, Carlos VI. + +J.K. + +_Nicholas Breton's Fantasticks_ (Vol. ii., p. 375.).--In reply to the +second Bibliographical Query of J. MT., Edinburgh, respecting Nicholas +Breton's _Fantasticks_, I beg to inform him that my copy is perfect, and +contains twenty-two leaves. The title is _Fantasticks: seruing for a +perpetuall Prognostication_, with the subjects of the twenty-four +_Descants_, as they are called, in prose, contained in the volume. 4to. bl. +lett. London: Printed for Francis Williams, 1626. After this is a +dedication "To the worshipfull and worthy knight Sir Marke Ive, of Rivers +Hall, in Essex;" and a short address "To the Reader," one leaf. It is an +entertaining work, and contains some curious and useful remarks on our +ancient manners, customs, and habits. My copy had successively belonged to +Garrick, Fillingham, and Heber; the latter of whom has written in it, "Who +has ever seen another copy?" + +T.C. + +Strand. + +_Gaudentio di Lucca_ (Vol. ii., pp. 247. 298. 327.).--The Rev. Simon +Berington, the author of _The Memoirs of Gaudentio di Lucca_, "of whom" MR. +CROSSLEY (Vol. ii., p. 328.) "regrets that so little is known," was the +fourth son of John Berington, of Winesley, co. Hereford, Esquire, by +Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Wolrich, of Dudmaston, co. Salop, Bart. +He was born 1679. He studied and took holy orders at Douay College. + +W.L. + +Nov. 3. 1850. + +_Weights for weighing Coins_(Vol. ii., p. 326.).--I am able to supply H.E. +with a reference to this subject of an earlier date than those he quotes. +In the MS. _Compotus_ or _Accounts of Sibton Abbey, in Suffolk_, in my +possession, occurs the following item, under the year 1363-4: + + "Et de ix d. pro ij paribus Balaunces pro aure ponderand'." + +The following extract, although of later date than H.E. requires, may yet +be not without its use to him in illustration of the subject. It occurs in +the _Compotus_ of a collegiate establishment at Mettingam, Suffolk, from an +earlier volume of which some extracts were furnished to the _Archæological +Journal_ (vol. vi. p. 62.). It is as follows, under the year 1464:-- + + "Item in ponderibus pro novo aura ponderant' s' nobili _xs._ di. nobyl + et quadrant' ejusdem cunagii et pro nobili de _vj_s. _viij_d. di. nobil + et quadrant' et minoribus ponderibus utriusque cunagii cum le Scolys et + Cophino pro eisdem. _ij_s. _j_d." + +The new gold is of course the reduced coinage of Edward IV. I conclude that +the nobles of 6s. 8d. were the same as the angels. + +C.R.M. + +_Mrs. Partington_ (Vol. ii., p. 377.).--IGNORANS no doubt refers to the +oft-repeated allusion to "Dame Partington and her mop;" and taking it for +granted that he does so, I will enlighten him a little on the subject. The +"original Mrs. Partington" was a respectable old lady, living, at Sidmouth +in Devonshire; her cottage was on the beach, and during an awful storm +(that, I think, of Nov. 1824, when some fifty or sixty ships were wrecked +at Plymouth) the sea rose to such a height as every now and then to invade +the old lady's place of domicile: in fact, almost every wave dashed in at +the door. Mrs. Partington, with such help as she could command, with mops +and brooms, as fast as the water entered the house, mopped it out again; +until at length the waves had the mastery, and the dame was compelled to +retire to an upper story of the house. I well recollect reading in the +Devonshire newspapers of the time an account similar to the above: but the +first allusion to the circumstance was, I think, made by Lord Brougham in +his celebrated speech in the house of Commons on the Reform Bill, in which +he compared the Conservative opposition to the bill to be like the +opposition of "Dame Partington and her mop, who endeavoured to mop out the +waves of the Atlantic." + +ROBERT COLE. + +_Mrs. Partington._--Mr. Greene, the witty editor of the _Boston (N.E.) +Post_, is believed to be the original of Mrs. Partington: at least he +fathers all her sayings. He began to print them about twelve or fifteen +years ago. + +G.M.B. + + [G.M.B. has also kindly forwarded to us some of "_Mrs. Partington's + Queries_ from a recent number of the _Boston Post_, from which we + select a couple of specimens, viz.,-- + + "Whether the Emperor of China is a _porcelain_ statue or a mere + fiction?" + + "Is the _Great Seal_ alive, or only stuffed?"] + +_The East Anglian Word "Mauther"_ (Vol. ii., pp. 217. 365.).--Skinner's +note on this word is + + "Mawther, vox Norfolciensi agro peculiaris: _Spelman_ ipse eodem agro + ortus a Dan. _Moer_, Virgo, Puella, deflectit. Possit tamen et + declinari a Belg. _Maegd_, Teut. _Magd_, idem signante, addita term. + _er_ vel _der_, ut in proximo agro Lincolniensi in vocibus _Heeder_ et + _Sheeder_ quæ Marem et Feminam notant. Author Dict. Angl. scribit + _Modder_, et cum Kiliano deducit a Belg. _Modde_, _Moddeken_, Pupa, + Puella, Virgincula."--_Etymol._ sub voce. + +Webster merely gives (with strange neglect, having Skinner before him): +{412} + + "Mauther, a foolish young girl(not used)."--_Ben Jonson._ + +Skinner is, I believe, wrong in assigning the _r_ termination to the Danish +word. Such a termination of the word _maid_ is not to be found in any of +the Teutonic dialects. The diphthong sound and the _th_ appear frequently; +as, + + 1. Moeso-Gothic: _Magath_ or _Magaths_; _Mawi_, + dim. _Mawilo_. + 2. Anglo-Saxon: _Maeth_, _Maegth_, dim. _Meowla_. + 3. Old-German: _Maget_. + 4. Swedish: _Moe_. + 5. Norse: _Moei_. + +I therefore suppose the _r_ termination in _mauther_ to be a mere +corruption, like that pointed out by Skinner in the Lincoln Folk-speech: or +is it possible that it may have arisen from a contusion of the words _maid_ +and _mother_ in Roman Catholic times? In Holland the Virgin Mary was called +_Moeder Maagd_,--a phrase which may possibly have crossed over to the East +Anglian coast, and occasioned the subsequent confusion. + +B.H.K. + +P.S. Do the words _modde_, _moddeken,_ quoted by Skinner, exist? and, if +so, are they Dutch or Flemish? I have no means of verifying them at hand. + + [On referring to Kilian's _Dictionarium Teutonico-Latin-Gallicum_ (ed. + 1642), we find, "MODDE, MODDEKEN, Pupa, Poupée."] + +_Cheshire Cat_ (Vol. ii., p. 377.).--A correspondent, T.E.L.P.B.T., asks +the explanations of the phrase, "grinning like a Cheshire cat." Some years +since Cheshire cheeses were sold in this town moulded into the shape of a +cat, bristles being inserted to represent the whiskers. This may possibly +have originated the saying. + +T.D. + +Bath. + +"_Thompson of Esholt_" (Vol. ii., p. 268.).--In an old pedigree of the +Calverley family, I find it stated that _Henry Thompson of Esholt_ (whose +only daughter _Frances_ William Calverley of Calverley married, and by her +acquired that property) was great-grandson to Henry Thompson, + + "One of the king's gentlemen-at-arms at the siege of Boulogne (temp. H. + 7.), where he notably signalised himself, and for his service was + rewarded with the _Maison Dieu at Dover_, by gift of the king; + afterwards, in the reign of Edward VI., exchanged it for the manor and + rectory of _Bromfield_ in Cumberland, and the site of the late + dissolved nunnery of Esholt." + +Further particulars regarding the above grant of _Bromefield_, and a +_pedigree_ of the Thompsons, are published in _Archæologia Oeliana_, vol. +ii. (1832), p. 171. + +W.C. TREVELYAN. + +Wallington. + +_Minar's Book of Antiquities_ (Vol. i., p. 277.; ii. p. 344.).--I am much +obliged to T.J. for his endeavours to help me to Minar's _Book of +Antiquities_. But there still remains a chasm too wide for me to jump; +inasmuch as Christopher Meiners published his treatise _De Vero Deo_ in +1780, and Cardinal Cusa, who refers to Minar, died in 1464, being more than +300 years before. + +A.N. + +_Croziers and Pastoral Staves_ (Vol. ii., pp. 248, 313.).--The opinion +expressed by the REV. MR. WALCOT (in your No. 50.), that by the word +_crozier_ is to be understood the crossed staff belonging only to +archbishops and legates, while the staff with a crook at its end is to be +called the pastoral staff, cannot, I think, be considered satisfactory, for +the following, among other reasons. + +Crozier is generally (I should formerly have said universally) understood +to mean the staff with a crook, the so well-known "ensign of bishops." + +In the instances mentioned by MR. WALCOT, _croziers_ are repeatedly spoken +of as having been borne at the funerals of _bishops_, while the crosses +borne before Wolsey are called crosses, and not croziers. + +The word _crozier_ seems to be derived from the mediæval Latin word +_crocia_. This is explained by Ducange: "Pedum, baculus pastoralis, +episcopalis." Crocia seems to be derived from, or closely connected with, +"crocha, uncinus, lamus," and "crochum, uncus quo arcubalistæ tenduntur" +(Ducange). Hence it appears that _crozier_ does not refer to a cross but to +a crook. + +In such ancient authorities as I have had the opportunity of referring to +at the moment, as brasses, incised slabs, &c., bishops and archbishops are +alike represented with the crooked staff; a cross is of more rare +occurrence, and at the moment only two instances occur to me, one in the +fine brass of Frederic, son of Casimir, king of Poland, and a cardinal, +which is in the cathedral of Cracow, and in which he is represented holding +a crozier, while crosses are figured on the sides under the cardinal's hat. +The other is in the curious brass of Lambert, bishop of Bamberg, in the +cathedral of that city: in this the bishop holds a cross in his right and a +crozier in his left hand. + +The statement that the crook of the bishop's staff was bent outwards, and +that of the abbot's inward, is one which is often made in books; I should, +however, be very glad to learn whether any difference has been observed to +exist either in mediæval representations of croziers on seals, +accompanying, effigies, or in paintings, or in the existing examples. So +far as I have seen, the crook, in all except a few early instances, is bent +in the same manner, _i.e._ inwards. + +N. + +_Socinian Boast_ (Vol. ii., p. 375.).--The following lines "De Ruinâ +Babylonis" occur in the works of a Socinian writer, one Samuelis +Przipcovius, who died in 1670, and evidently have reference to those quoted +by Dr. Pusey:-- {413} + + "Quid per Luterum, Calvinum, perque Socinum, + Funditus eversam jam Babylona putas? + Perstat adhuc _Babylon_, et toto regnat in orbe + Sub vario primum nomine robur habens. + Ostentat _muros_, jactat sublimia _tecta_ + De _fundamento_ quis metus esse potest? + Ni Deus hanc igitur molem disjecerit ipse + Humano nunquam Marte vel arte ruet." + +Przipcovius was a Polish knight, and cotempory the author of _Hudibras_. In +a tract entitled _Religio Vindicata a Calumniis Atheismi_, he thus alludes +to the spiritual Quixotism which induced Butler to "crack the satiric +thong:" + + "Sæpe audivi quod in _Angliâ_ (quæ regio sicut in multis aliis rebus, + sic præcipue in religionibus totius mundi compendium est) de ejusmodi + fanaticis perhibetur, quod ita sui suarumque irrationabilium opinionum + sint amantes, ut audeant propter eas divinam Providentiam angustis + Ecclesiarum suarum (quæ ex angustis cujuslibet Penatibus constant) + terminis circumscribere.... Et quemadmodum omnes isti miseri aperte + delirant, præcipue ii quos zeli æstus eousque deducit, ut tanquam + bacchantes aut cerriti per plateas, domos, templa, absque ullo ordine + et respectu cursitantes concionentur, et interdum _anseres, equos, vel + oves_ (cujus rei ibi satis frequentia exempla occurrunt) dum eis + homines aures præbere nolunt, ad suas opiniones convertere tentent." + +R. PRICE. + +Cheam. + +_MSS. of Locke_ (Vol. i., pp. 401. 462.).--In reply to a question in "NOTES +AND QUERIES," I may state, that the address of the son of the late Dr. +Hancock, is George H., Park Grove, Birkenhead; and he will furnish +information relative to the MSS. of Locke. + +AN INTENDED READER. + +_Sir William Grant_ (Vol. ii., p. 397.).--Your correspondent R. says that +"_Sir William Grant_" was one of the few Scotchmen who had freed himself +from the peculiarities of the speech of his country. Frank Horner is +another." If R. means to include the _Scottish accent_, he is mistaken as +to Sir William Grant, who retained a strong Scottish _burr_. If he means +only correctness of diction, then I should say the number was not _few_. +Mackintosh's and Jeffery's English was, I think, quite as pure as Horner's; +and Lord Brougham, with much idiosyncrasy, had no _Scotch peculiarities_, +at least--_me judice_--infinitely less than Sir William Grant. I could name +twenty members of the present houses of parliament in whom I have never +detected any "Scotch peculiarity." + +C. + +_Tristan d'Acunha_ (Vol. ii., p. 358.).--The island is noticed, but +briefly, in p. 54. of the first volume of Perouse's _Voyage round the +World_, Lond. 1799. It is there stated that a tolerably minute account of +it is contained in _Le Neptune Oriental_, by D'Apres (or Apres de +Manvilette). This work was published in Paris, 1775, in two volumes, large +folio. + +C.I.R. + +_Arabic Numerals_ (Vol.ii., pp. 27. 61. 339.).-- In a work in Arabic, by +Ahmad ben Abubekr bin Wahshih, on Ancient Alphabets, published in the +original, and accompanied with an English translation, by Von Hammer, your +correspondent on the subject of Arabic numerals will find that these +numerals were not invented as arbitrary signs, and borrowed for various +alphabets; but that they are actually taken from an Indian alphabet of nine +characters, the remaining letters being made up at each decimal by +repeating the nine characters, with one or two dots. The English Preface +states that this alphabet is still in use in India, not merely as a +representative of numbers, but of letters of native language. The book is a +neat quarto, printed in London in 1806; and the alphabet occurs in page 7. +of the Arabic original. + +E.C.H. + +Athenæum. + +_Luther's Hymns_ (Vol. ii., p. 327.).--If F.Q. will turn to Mr. Palmer's +_Origines Liturgicæ_, vol. ii. p. 238. 4th edit., he will find that the +sentence in the Burial Service, "In the midst of life we are in death," +&c., is taken from the _Salisbury Breviary Psalter_. The Salisbury Use was +drawn up by Bishop Osmund in the eleventh century. + +N.E.R. (a Subscriber.) + +_Bolton's Ace._--What is the meaning of "_Bolton's Ace_," in the following +passage in the address to the reader prefixed to Henry Hutton's _Follies +Anatomie_, 8vo. Lond. 1618? It is passed over by DR. RIMBAULT in his +reprint of the work for the Percy Society in 1842: + + "Could ye attacke this felon in's disgrace, + I would not bate an inch (not _Bolton's ace_) + To baite, deride, nay, ride this silly asse." + +J. CT. + + ["_Bate me an ace quoth Bolton_" is an old proverb of unknown origin. + Ray tells us that a _Collection of Proverbs_ having been presented to + Queen Elizabeth, with an assurance that it contained all the proverbs + in the English language. "Bate me an ace, quoth Bolton," said the + queen, implying that the assertion was too strong; and, in fact, that + every proverb was not in the collection. See Nares' _Glossary_, who + quotes the following epigram by H.P., to show the collection referred + to + + "_Secundæ Cogitutiones meliores._ + + "A pamphlet was of proverbs penned by Polton, + Wherein he thought all sorts included were; + Untill one told him _Bate m' an ace quoth Bolton_, + 'Indeed,' said he, 'that proverb is not there.'"] + +_Hopkins the Witchfinder_ (Vol. ii., p. 392.).--If the inquiry of CLERICUS +relates to Mathew Hopkins the witchfinder general, my friend W.S. Fitch of +Ipswich has some manuscript account of his residence in that town, as a +lawyer of but little {414} note, and his removal to Manningtree, in Essex; +but whether it gives any further particulars of him I am unable to state, +as I have not seen the manuscript. + +J. CLARKE. + +_Sir Richard Steel_ (Vol. ii., p.375.).--The death and burial-place of Sir +Richard Steel is thus noticed in Cibber's _Lives of the Poets_, vol. iv. +p.120.:-- + + "Some years before his death he grew paralytic, and retired to his seat + at Langunnor, near Caermarthen, in Wales, where he died, September 1st, + 1729, and was privately interred, according to his own desire, in the + church of Caermarthen." + +J.V.R.W. + +_Ale-draper_ (Vol. ii., p.310.).--A common designation for an ale-house +keeper in the sixteenth century. Henry Chettle, in his very curious little +publication, _Kind-Harts Dreame_, 1592 (edited for the Percy Society by +your humble servant), has the following passage: + + "I came up to London, and fall to be some tapster, hostler, or + chamberlaine in an inn. Well, I get mee a wife; with her a little + money; when we are married, seeke a house we must; no other occupation + have I but to be an _ale-draper_." (P. 37. of reprint.) + +Again, in the same tract, the author speaks of "two milch maydens that had +set up a shoppe of "_ale-drapery_." + +In the _Discoverie of the Knights of the Poste_, 1597, is another notice of +the same occupation: + + "So that now hee hath left brokery, and is become a draper. A draper, + quoth Freeman, what draper--of woollin or linnen? No, qd. he, an + _ale-draper_, wherein he hath more skil then in the other." + +Probably these instances of the use of the term may be sufficient for your +correspondent. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +P.S. The above was written before J.S.W.'s note appeared (Vol. ii., p. +360.), which does not carry the use of this term further back than Bailey's +_Dictionary_. + +_George Herbert_ (Vol. ii., p. 103.) was buried under the communion table +at Bemerton, but there is no monument to his memory. The adornment of his +little church would be one of the most fitting offerings to his memory. It +is painful to contrast the whitewash and unpainted deal of the house of God +with the rich furniture and hangings of the adjoining rectory. In the +garden of the latter is preserved a medlar-tree, planted by "the sweet +singer of the temple." + +J.W.H. + +_Notaries Public_ (Vol. ii., p. 393.).--Why does your correspondent +MANLEIUS think this form of expression "putting the cart before the horse?" +_Public notary_ (though that phrase is sometimes erroneously used) is not +so exact as "notary public;" for a notary is not, as the first form would +imply, a public officer appointed by the public to perform public services, +but an individual agent through whose ministry private acts or instruments +become _publici juris_. The same form, and for analogous reasons, prevails +in several other legal and technical titles or phrases, as +Attorney-General, Solicitor-General, Accountant-General, Receiver-General, +Surveyor-General; Advocate Fiscal; Theatre Royal, Chapel Royal; Gazette +Extraordinary; and many other phrases in which it is evident that the +adjective has a special and restricted meaning. + +C. + +_Tobacconists_ (Vol. ii, p. 393.).--There was, in the old house of commons, +a room called the _smoking-room_, where members tired of the debate used to +retire to smoke, and in later years to drink tea or write letters. These, +no doubt, were meant by the _Tobacconists_, members within call, though not +actually within the house. + +C. + +_Vineyards_ (Vol. ii., p. 392.).--In answer to CLERICUS, I beg to say that +there is a piece of land called the Vineyards situated in the warm and +sheltered valley of Claverton, about two miles from Bath: it formerly +belonged to the Abbey of Bath. + +There is also in the suburbs, on the north side of the city of Bath, a +_street_ called the Vineyards; but I do not know that this ever belonged to +the Abbey. + +G. FALKNER. + +Devizes. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +Those who know Mr. Craik's happy tact for seizing on the more striking +points of a character or an incident, his acquaintance with our national +history and biography, his love of research, and perseverance in following +up a clue, were prepared to expect both instruction and amusement from his +_Romance of the Peerage_. Nor were they doomed to disappointment. Each +succeeding volume has added to the interest of the work and there can be +little doubt, that the favour with which the first three volumes have been +received by the reading world, will be extended to the one now published, +and which concludes the first series, or main division of Mr. Craik's +projected work. + +Our space will permit us to do little more than specify its principal +contents; but when we state that in the present volume Mr. Craik treats of +the _great_ Earl of Cork and the Boyles; of the founders of the Fermor, +Bouverie, Osborne, and Bamfylde families; that he gives us with great +completeness the history of Anne Clifford, the most remarkable woman of her +time; that he furnishes pleasant gossipping pictures of the rise of the +families of Fox, Phips, and Petty; the history of the celebrated claim of +the Trunkmaker to the honours of the Percies,--of the story of the heiress +of the Percies who married Tom Thynn of Longleat Hall; and lastly, that of +Ann of Buccleugh, {415} the widow of the unfortunate Monmouth, we shall +have done more than enough to make our readers wish to share the pleasure +we have derived from turning over Mr. Craik's amusing pages. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will sell on Monday next, and two following +days, a valuable collection of books, chiefly the property of a gentleman +deceased, among which we may specify _la Vie Saint Germain L'Auxerrois_ +(lettres gothèques), printed on vellum, and quite unique; no other copy +even on paper being known. + +We have received the following Catalogues:-- Williams and Norgate's (14. +Henrietta Street, Covent Garden) German Book Circular, a Quarterly List of +New Publications, No. 26.; John Russell Smith's (4. Old Compton Street, +Soho) Catalogue No. 1. for 1851 of an extensive Collection of Choice, +Useful, and Curious Books in most Classes of Literature, English and +Foreign. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +BACON'S ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING, interpreted by WATS, Oxford, 1621, 1640, +folio. + +STUART'S ATHENS. First Edition. Vols. IV. and V. + +SUPPLEMENT TO BERRY'S HERALDRY. + +SPECIMEN HISTORIÆ ARABUM, by POCOCK. + +LA ROQUE, VOYAGE DANS LA PALESTINE. + +ABULFARAQ HIST. DYNAST. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +G.W._'s Query was in type before we received his unbecoming letter,--the +terms of which both forbid our asking the name of the writer, or giving him +that satisfactory explanation which we could furnish as to the delay in the +insertion of his communication. As the first letter of the kind we have +ever received, we should certainly have printed it, but for our regard for +personal friends who belong to the same body as G.W., and whose names he +can have no difficulty in discovering in the list of our distinguished +contributors._ + +_We are compelled by want of space to omit many_ NOTES, QUERIES, REPLIES, +_and articles of_ FOLK-LORE. + +_Volume the First of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," _with very copious Index, price_ +9s. 6d. _bound in cloth, may still be had by order of all Booksellers._ + +_The Monthly Part for October, being the Fifth of_ Vol. II., _is also now +ready, price_ 1s. 3d. + +NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured by the Trade at noon on Friday; so that +our country Subscribers ought to experience no difficulty in receiving it +regularly. Many of the country Booksellers are probably not yet aware of +this arrangement, which enables them to receive Copies in their Saturday +parcels._ + + _Errata_--P. 391. col. 1. line 46, for "v_e_riis circum_d_ant" read + "v_a_riis circum_st_ant;" l. 47., for "ante_s_olat" read "ante_v_olat;" + and l. 48., for "ne_c_" read "ne." + + * * * * * + + +JOURNAL FRANCAIS, publié à Londres.--Le COURRIER de l'EUROPE, fondé en +1840, paraissant le Samedi, donne dans chaque numéro les nouvelles de la +semaine, les meilleurs articles de tous les journaux de Paris, la Semaine +Dramanque par Th. Gautier ou J. Jauin, la Révue de Paris par Pierre Durand, +et reprodrit en entier les romans, nouvelles, etc,. en vogue par les +premiers ecrivains de France. Prix 6d. + +London: JOSEPH THOMAS, 1. Finch Lane. + + * * * * * + +PIETAS METRICA: or, Nature Suggestive of God and Godliness. By the Brothers +Theophilus and Theophylact. Fcap. 8vo. cloth. Price 3s. 6d. + +"They possess great sweetness combined with deep devotional +feeling."--_John Bull._ + +London: J. MASTERS, Aldersgate and New Bond Streets. + + * * * * * + +Just published, Part X., price 9s. plain; 10s. 6d. tinted; proofs, large +paper, 12s. + +THE CHURCHES of the MIDDLE AGES: or, Select Specimens of Early and Middle +Pointed Structures, with a few of the purest Late Pointed Examples; +Illustrated by Geometric and Perspective Drawings. By HENRY BOUMAN and +JOSEPH S. CROWTHER, Architects, Manchester. + +To be completed in Twenty Parts, each containing Six Plates, Imperial +folio. Issued at intervals of Two Months. + +"We can hardly conceive anything more perfect. We heartily recommend this +series to all who are able to patronise it." --_Ecclesiologist._ + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Just published, New Edition, Two Vols. fcp. 8vo., price 10s. clothe; or Two +Vols. in One, 17s. morocco. 14s. calf antique. + +THE CHRISTIAN TAUGHT BY THE CHURCH'S SERVICES. + +Edited by WALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D., Vicar of Leeds. + +Leeds: RICHARD SLOCOMBE. London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street + + * * * * * + +KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL SHAKSPERE, NATIONAL EDITION. + +Published in Fortnightly Parts, price 1s. each, And Monthly Sections, price +2s. 6d. each. + +Part III., containing "Love's Labour's Lost," is published this day, +Saturday. + +The Monthly Section is published on the 1st of every Month. + +LONDON: CHARLES KNIGHT, 90. FLEET STREET. + + * * * * * + +KNIGHT'S CYCLOPÆDIA OF THE INDUSTRY OF ALL NATIONS. + +Number III., price Twopence, is published this day, Saturday. The Monthly +Part, Ninepence, on the 1st of the Month. + + * * * * * + +KNIGHT'S CYCLOPÆDIA OF LONDON. + +Number III., price Twopence, is published this day, Saturday. The Monthly +Part, Ninepence, on the 1st of the Month + +LONDON: CHARLES KNIGHT, 90. FLEET STREET. + + * * * * * + +THE BRITISH ALMANAC AND COMPANION. + +For 1851, November 21st instant. + +LONDON: CHARLES KNIGHT, 90. FLEET STREET. + +And sold by all Booksellers in Town and Country; on application to whom may +be obtained Descriptive Catalogue of the Publications issued by CHARLES +KNIGHT. {416} + +MR. PARKER _has recently published:_-- + +A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN GRECIAN, ROMAN, ITALIAN, AND GOTHIC +ARCHITECTURE. Exemplified by upwards of Eighteen Hundred Illustrations, +drawn from the best examples. Fifth Edition, 3 vols. 8vo. cloth, gilt tops, +2l. 8s. + + "Since the year 1836, in which this work first appeared, no fewer than + four large editions have been exhausted. The fifth edition is now + before us, and we have no doubt will meet, as it deserves, the same + extended patronage and success. The text has been considerably + augmented by the enlargement of many of the old articles, as well as by + the addition of many new ones among which Professor Willis has embodied + great part of his Architectural Nomenclature of the Middle Ages the + number of woodcuts has been increased from 1100 to above 1700 and the + work its present form is, we believe, unequalled in the architectural + literature of Europe for the amount of accurate information it + furnishes, and the beauty of its illustrations."--_Notes and Queries._ + +AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. BY JOHN HENRY PARKER, +F.S.A. 16mo. with numerous Illustrations. Price 4s. 6d. + +THE PRIMEVAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND AND DENMARK COMPARED. BY J. J. A. +WORSAAE, Member of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Copenhagen, and by +WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden Society. With numerous +Illustrations. 8vo. 10s. + +RICKMAN'S GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. An Attempt to discriminate the different +Styles of Architecture in England, By the late THOMAS RICKMAN, F.S.A. With +30 Engravings on Steel by Le Keux, &c., and 465 on Wood, of the best +examples, from Original Drawings by F. Mackenzie, O. Jewitt, and P. H. +Delamotte. Fifth Edition. 8vo. 21s. + +THE ECCLESIASTICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL TOPOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND. Vol. I. DIOCESE +OF OXFORD. 8vo. cloth, 7s. 6d. + +AN INQUIRY INTO THE DIFFERENCE OF STYLE OBSERVABLE IN ANCIENT PAINTED +GLASS, With Hints on Glass Painting, Illustrated by numerous coloured +Plates from Ancient Examples. By an Amateur. 2 vols. 8vo. 1l. 10s. + +A BOOK OF ORNAMENTAL GLAZING QUARRIES, Collected and arranged from Ancient +Examples, BY AUGUSTUS WOLLASTON FRANKS, B.A. With 112 Coloured Examples. +8vo. 16s. + +A MANUAL FOR THE STUDY OF MONUMENTAL BRASSES, With a Descriptive Catalogue +of 450 "RUBBINGS," in the possession of the Oxford Architectural Society, +Topographical and Heraldic Indices, &c. With numerous Illustrations, 8vo. +10s. 6d. + +A MANUAL FOR THE STUDY OF SEPULCHRAL SLABS AND CROSSES OF THE MIDDLE AGES. +By the Rev. EDWARD L. CUTTS, B.A. 8vo., illustrated by upwards of 300 +engravings, 12s. + +THE CROSS AND THE SERPENT. Being a brief History of the Triumph of the +Cross, through a long series of ages, in Prophecy, Types, and Fulfilment. +By the Rev. WILLIAM HASLAM, Perpetual Curate of St. Michael's Baldiu, +Cornwall. 12mo., with numerous woodcuts, 5s. + +SOME OF THE FIVE HUNDRED POINTS OF GOOD HUSBANDRY, As well for the Champion +or open Country, as also for the Woodland or several, mixed in every month +with Huswifery, over and above the Book of Huswifery, with many lessons +both profitable and not unpleasant to the reader, once set forth by THOMAS +TUSSER, Gentleman, now newly corrected and edited, and heartily commended +to all true lovers of country life and honest thrift. 18mo. 2s. 6d. + + * * * * * + +JOHN HENRY PARKER, OXFORD AND LONDON. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturdays, November 16. 1850. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 55, November +16, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 15216-8.txt or 15216-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/2/1/15216/ + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon Ingram, Keith +Edkins and the Online PG Distributed Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 55, November 16, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 1, 2005 [EBook #15216] +[Date last updated: June 5, 2005] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon Ingram, Keith +Edkins and the Online PG Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + + +</pre> + +<p><!-- Page 401 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page401" id="page401"></a>{401}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> + +<hr class="full" /> + + +<table width="100%" class="single" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td align="left" width="25%"> + <b>No. 55.</b> + </td> + <td align="center" width="50%"> + <b>SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 16. 1850.</b> + </td> + <td align="right" width="25%"> + <b>Price Threepence.<br />Stamped Edition 4d.</b> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + + +<table width="100%" class="single" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td align="left" width="94%"> + NOTES:— + </td> + <td align="right" width="5%"> + Page + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Authorship of "Henry VIII." by Samuel Hickson + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page401">401</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + On Authors and Books, No. IX., by Bolton Corney + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page403">403</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Notes on the Second Edition of Mr. Cunningham's Handbook of London, + by E.F. Rimbault + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page404">404</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Folk-lore:—Laying a Ghost—A Test of Witchcraft + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page404">404</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Minor Notes:—Quin's incoherent Story—Touchstone's + Dial—America and Tartary—A Deck of Cards—Time when + Herodotus wrote—"Dat veniam corvis." &c. + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page405">405</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + QUERIES:— + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Dryden's "Absalom and Achitophel" + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page406">406</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Minor Queries:—The Widow of the Wood—Edward the + Confessor's Crucifix and Gold Chain—Cardinal + Erskine—Thomas Regiolapidensis—"Her Brow was + fair"—Hoods worn by Doctors of Divinity of Aberdeen—Irish + Brigade—Doctrine of immaculate Conception—Gospel Oak Tree + at Kentish Town—Arminian Nunnery in + Huntingdonshire—Ruding's annotated Langbaine—Mrs. + Tempest—Sitting cross-legged—Twickenham: Did Elizabeth + visit Bacon there?—Burial towards the West—Medal struck + by Charles XII.—National Debt—Midwives licensed + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page406">406</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + REPLIES:— + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + The Black Rood of Scotland + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page409">409</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Replies to Minor Queries:—Hæmony—Byron's + Birthplace—Modena Family—Nicholas Breton's + Fantasticks—Gaudentio di Lucca—Weights for weighing + Coins—Mrs. Partington—The East-Anglian Word + "Mauther"—Cheshire Cat—"Thompson of Esholt"—Minar's + Book of Antiquities—Croziers and Pastoral Staves—Socinian + Boast—MSS. of Locke—Sir Wm. Grant—Tristan + d'Acunha—Arabic Numerals—Luther's Hymns—Bolton's + Ace—Hopkins the Witchfinder—Sir Richard + Steel—Ale-draper—George Herbert—Notaries + Public—Tobacconists—Vineyards + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page410">410</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + MISCELLANEOUS:— + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page414">414</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page415">415</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Notices to Correspondents + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page415">415</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Advertisements + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page415">415</a> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>NOTES.</h2> + +<h3>AUTHORSHIP OF "HENRY VIII."</h3> + + <p>In returning to the question of the authorship of <i>Henry VIII.</i>, + I am anxious to remove a misconception under which MR. SPEDDING appears + to labour relative to the purport of a remark I made in my last + communication to you (Vol. ii., p. 198.) on this subject. As we appear to + be perfectly agreed as to the reasons for assigning a considerable + portion of this play to Fletcher, and as upon this basis we have each + worked out a result that so exactly coincides with the other, I conclude + that MR. SPEDDING, as well as myself, has rested his theory solely on + positive grounds; that is, that he imagines there is strong internal + evidence in favour of all that he ascribes to this writer. It follows, + therefore that the "third hand" which he thought he detected must be + sought rather in what remained to Shakspeare, than in that which had been + already taken from him. I never for an instant doubted that this was MR. + SPEDDING's view; but the inequality which I supposed he had observed and + accounted for in this way, I was disposed to refer to a mode of + composition that must needs have been troublesome to Shakspeare. The fact + is, that, with one or two exceptions, the scenes contributed by the + latter are more <i>tamely</i> written than any but the earliest among his + works; and these, different as they are, they recalled to my mind. But I + have no doubt whatever that these scenes were all written about the same + time; my feeling being, that after the opening Shakspeare ceased to feel + any great interest in the work. Fletcher, on the other hand, would appear + to have made a very great effort; and though some portions of the work I + ascribe to him are tedious and overlaboured, no censure would weigh very + strongly against the fact, that for more than two centuries they have + been <i>applauded</i> as the work of Shakspeare.</p> + + <p>As to the circumstances under which <i>Henry VIII.</i> was composed, + it is an exceedingly difficult question; and if I venture, on the present + occasion, to give the impression upon my mind, I do so, reserving to + myself the full right to change my opinion whenever I shall have acquired + more knowledge of the subject, or, from any other motive, shall see fit + to do it. I consider this case, then, as one of joint authorship; in + point of time not much later than the <i>Two Noble Kinsmen</i>, and in + other respects similar to that play. If the conclusions of the article in + the <i>Westminster Review</i>, to which MR. SPEDDING alludes, be + accepted, the writer of the introductory notice to <i>Henry VIII.</i> in + the <i>Illustrated Shakspeare</i>, published by Tyas, will recognise the + "reverent disciple" whom he hints at, but does not name. In short, I + think that <!-- Page 402 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page402" + id="page402"></a>{402}</span> Fletcher was the pupil of Shakspeare; and + this view, it appears to me, demands the serious attention of the + biographer who next may study or speculate upon the great poet's + life.</p> + + <p>I don't know that I can add anything to MR. SPEDDING'S able analysis + of <i>Henry VIII.</i> There are certain <i>tricks</i> of expression he, + no doubt, has observed that characterise Fletcher's style, and which + abound in the play. It might be useful to make notes of these; and, at + some future time, I may send you a selection. I now beg to send you the + following extracts, made some time ago, showing the doubts entertained by + previous writers on the subject:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Though it is very difficult to decide whether short pieces be genuine + or spurious, yet I cannot restrain myself from expressing my suspicion + that neither the prologue nor epilogue to this play is the work of + Shakspeare. It appears to me very likely that they were supplied by the + friendship or officiousness of Jonson, whose manner they will be + <i>perhaps found exactly</i> to resemble."—<i>Johnson.</i></p> + + <p>"Play revived in 1613." "Prologue and epilogue added by Jonson or some + other person."—<i>Malone.</i></p> + + <p>"I entirely agree with Dr. Johnson, that Ben Jonson wrote the prologue + and epilogue to this play. Shakspeare had a little before assisted him in + his <i>Sejanus</i>.... I think I now and then perceive his hand in the + dialogue."—<i>Farmer.</i></p> + + <p>"That Jonson was the author of the prologue and epilogue to this play + has been controverted by Mr. Gifford. That they were not the composition + of Shakspeare himself is, I think, clear from internal + evidence."—<i>Boswell.</i></p> + + <p>"I entirely agree with Dr. Johnson with respect to the time when these + additional lines were inserted.... I suspect they were added in 1613, + after Shakspeare had quitted the stage, by that hand which tampered with + the other parts of the play so much as to have rendered the versification + of it of a different colour from all the other plays of + Shakspeare."—<i>Malone.</i></p> + + <p>"If the reviver of this play (or tamperer with it, as he is called by + Mr. Malone) had so much influence over its numbers as to have entirely + changed their texture, he must be supposed to have new-woven the + substance of the whole piece; a fact almost + incredible."—<i>Steevens.</i></p> + + <p>The double character of Wolsey drawn by Queen Katherine and her + attendant, is a piece of vigorous writing of which any other author but + Shakspeare might have been proud; and the celebrated farewell of the + Cardinal, with his exhortation to Cromwell, only wants that quickening, + that vital something which the poet could have breathed into it, to be + truly and almost incomparably great.</p> + + <p>"Our own conviction is that Shakspeare wrote a portion only of this + play.</p> + + <p>"It cannot for a moment be supposed that any alteration of + Shakspeare's text would be necessary, or would be allowed; as little is + it to be supposed that Shakspeare would commence a play in his + old-accustomed, various, and unequalled verse, and finish it in the easy, + but somewhat lax and familiar, though not inharmonious numbers of a + reverent disciple."—<i>Tyas's Shakspeare</i>, vol. iii. p. 441.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>At the same time I made the following notes from Coleridge:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i8">"Classification, 1802.</p> + <p>3rd Epoch. Henry VIII. Gelegenheitsgedicht.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i8">Classification, 1819.</p> + <p>3rd Epoch. Henry VIII., a sort of historical masque, or show-play."</p> + </div> + </div> +<blockquote> + <p>"It (the historical drama) must likewise be poetical; that only, I + mean, must be taken which is the permanent in our nature, which is + common, and therefore deeply interesting to all ages."—<i>Lit. + Rem.</i>, vol. ii. p.160.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>What is said in this last extract might be applied (as Coleridge, I + feel no doubt, had he gone one step farther into the subject, would have + applied it) to the Shakspearian drama generally; and tried by this test + <i>Henry VIII.</i> must certainly be found wanting.</p> + + <p>Before I conclude I am anxious to make an observation with regard to + the extract from Mr. Emerson's <i>Representative Men</i> (vol. ii. p. + 307.). The essay from which this is taken, I presume to be the same, in a + printed form, as a lecture which I heard that gentleman deliver. With + abundant powers to form a judgment for himself, I should say that his + mind had never been directed to questions of this nature. Accident, + perhaps, had drawn his attention to the style of <i>Henry VIII.</i>; but, + with reference to the general subject, he had received implicitly and + unquestioned the conclusions of authorities who have represented + Shakspeare as the greatest borrower, plagiarist, and imitator that all + time has brought forth. This, however, did not shake his faith in the + poet's greatness; and to reconcile what to some would appear + contradictory positions, he proposes the fact, I might say the truism, + that the greatest man is not the most original, but the "most indebted" + man. This, in the sense in which it is true, is saying no more than that + the educated man is better than the savage; but, in the apologetic sense + intended, it is equivalent to affirming that the greatest thief is the + most respectable man. Confident in this morality, he assumes a previous + play to Shakspeare's; but it appears to me that he relies too much upon + the "cadence" of the lines: otherwise I could not account for his + <i>selecting</i> as an "autograph" a scene that, to my mind, bears + "unmistakeable traits" of Fletcher's hand, and that, by whomsoever + written, is about the weakest in the whole play.</p> + + <p>It is a branch of the subject which I have not yet fully considered; + but MR. SPEDDING will observe that the view I take does not interfere + with the supposition that Fletcher revised the play, <!-- Page 403 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page403" id="page403"></a>{403}</span> + with additions for its revival in 1613; a task for the performance of + which he would probably have the consent of his early master.</p> + + <p class="author">SAMUEL HICKSON.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ON AUTHORS AND BOOKS, NO. IX.</h3> + + <p><i>Eustache Deschamps.</i> Except in the two centuries next after the + conquest, contemporaneous French notices of early English writers seem to + be of rather infrequent occurrence.</p> + + <p>On this account, and on other accounts, the ballad addressed to + Geoffrey Chaucer by Eustache Deschamps deserves repetition. Its text + requires to be established, in order that we may be aware of its real + obscurities—for no future memoir of Chaucer can be considered as + complete, without some reference to it.</p> + + <p>The best authorities on Eustache Deschamps are MM. Crapelet, + Raynouard, and Paulin Paris. To M. Crapelet we are indebted for the + publication of <i>Poésies morales et historiques d'Eustache + Deschamps</i>; to M. Raynouard, for an able review of the volume in the + <i>Journal des Savants</i>; and to M. Paulin Paris, for an account of the + manuscript in which the numerous productions of the author are preserved. + Of the author himself, the learned M. Paris thus writes:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"On pourroit surnommer Eustache Deschamps le Rutebeuf du + XIV<sup>e</sup> siècle.—Ses oeuvres comprennent des épitres, des + discours en prose, des jeux dramatiques, des ouvrages latins, des + apologues, un grand poème moral, et un infinité de ballades et rondeaux + pieux, bouffons, satiriques," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Two impressions of the ballad in question are before me; one, in the + <i>Life of Geoffrey Chaucer by sir Harris Nicholas</i>, dated + 1843—and the other in a volume entitled <i>Geoffrey Chaucer, poète + anglais du XIV<sup>e</sup> siècle. Analyses et Fragments par H. + Gomont</i>, Paris, 1847.—I transcribe the ballad from the latter + volume, as less accessible to English students:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"BALLADE INÉDITE ADRESSÉE A GEOFFREY</p> + <p class="i2">CHAUCER PAR EUSTACHE DESCHAMPS.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>O Socrates, plains de philosophie,</p> + <p>Senèque en meurs et <i>Anglais</i> en pratique,</p> + <p><i>Ouï des grans</i> en ta poëterie,</p> + <p>Bries en parler, saiges en rethorique,</p> + <p><i>Virgiles</i> tres haulz qui, par ta théorique,</p> + <p>Enlumines le règne d'Eneas,</p> + <p>Lisle aux geans, ceuls du Bruth, et qui as</p> + <p>Semé les fleurs et planté le rosier,</p> + <p>Aux ignorants, de la langue pandras</p> + <p>Grant translateur, noble Geffroy Chaucier.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Tu es d'amours mondains Dieux en Albie,</p> + <p>Et de la rose en la terre angélique,</p> + <p>Qui <i>d'Angela</i> Saxonne et (est) puis flourie</p> + <p>Angleterre (d'elle ce nom s'applique).</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Le derrenier en l'éthimologique</p> + <p>En bon anglès le livre translatas;</p> + <p>Et un Vergier, où du plant demandas</p> + <p>De ceuls qui <i>sont</i> pour eulx auctorisier,</p> + <p><i>A ja</i> long teams que tu édifias,</p> + <p>Grant tranlslateur noble Geffroy Chaucier.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>A toy, pour ce, de la fontaine Helye</p> + <p>Requier avoir un <i>buvraige</i> autentique</p> + <p>Dont la doys est du tout en ta baillie,</p> + <p>Pour <i>rafrener</i> d'elle ma <i>soif</i> éthique</p> + <p><i>Qui men</i> gaule seray paralitique</p> + <p>Jusques à ce que tu m'abuveras.</p> + <p>Eustaces sui qui de mon plant aras;</p> + <p>Mais pran en gre les euvres d'escolier</p> + <p>Que par Clifford de moy Bavoir pourras,</p> + <p>Grant translateur noble Geffroy Chaucier.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i12">L'ENVOY.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2">Poëte hauls loenge destynie</p> + <p class="i2"><i>En</i> ton jardin ne seroie qu'ortie</p> + <p class="i2">Considere ce que j'ai dit premier</p> + <p class="i2">Ton noble plant, ta douce melodie</p> + <p class="i2">Mais pour savoir de rescripre te prie,</p> + <p class="i2">Grant translateur noble Geoffroy Chaucier."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The new readings are in Italics, and I shall now repeat them with the + corresponding words as printed by sir Harris Nicolas:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Anglais=angles; Ouï des grans=Ovides grans; Virgiles=Aigles; + d'Angela=dangels; sont=font; A ja=N'a pas; buvraige=ouvrage; + rafrener=rafrecir; soif=soix; Qui men=Qu'en ma; En=Et."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>After such an exhibition of various readings, arising out of only two + copies of the same manuscript, it is evident that a re-collation of it is + very desirable, and I am sure the result would be thankfully received by + the numerous admirers of Chaucer.</p> + + <p class="author">BOLTON CORNEY.</p> + + <p><i>Eustache Deschamps</i> (Vol. ii., p. 376.).—J.M.B. is + desirous of learning some particulars of this French poet, + contemporaneous with Chaucer. He will find a brief notice of him in the + <i>Recueil de Chants Historiques Français, depuis le XIIème jusqu'au + XVIIIème Siècle</i>, by Le Roux de Lincy (2 vols. Paris, 1841, Libraire + de Charles Espelin). He is there described as,</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Ecuyer et huissier d'armes des rois Charles V. et Charles VI., qui + resta toujours fidèle à la maison de France;"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>And the editor adds:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Les œuvres d'Eustache Deschamps contiennent pour l'histoire du + XIVème siècle des renseignemens précieux; on peut y recueillir des faits + politiques qui ne sont pas sans importance, mais on y trouve en plus + grand nombre des détails précieux sur les mœurs, les usages, et les + coutumes de cette époque."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>His poems were published for the first time in one vol. 8vo., in 1832, + by M. Crapelet, with this title: <!-- Page 404 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page404" id="page404"></a>{404}</span></p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Poésies morales et historiques d'Eustache Deschamps, écuyer, huissier + d'armes des rois Charles V. et Charles VI., chatelain de Fismes et bailli + de Senlis."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>As regards the "<i>genuineness</i>" of the poem cited, I am inclined, + with J.M.B., to think that it admits of question, the orthography + savouring more of the end of the fifteenth than of the close of the + fourteenth century. I am sorry not to be able to explain the meaning of + "<i>la langue Pandras</i>."</p> + + <p class="author">D.C.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>NOTES ON THE SECOND EDITION OF MR. CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK OF LONDON.</h3> + + <p>21. <i>New Tunbridge Wells, at Islington.</i>—This fashionable + morning lounge of the nobility and gentry during the early part of the + eighteenth century, is omitted by Mr. Cunningham. There is a capital view + of it in Bickham's <i>Musical Entertainer</i>, 1737:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"These once beautiful tea-gardens (we remember them as such) were + formerly in high repute. In 1733 their Royal Highnesses the Princesses + Amelia and Caroline frequented them in the summer time for the purpose of + drinking the waters. They have furnished a subject for pamphlets, poems, + plays, songs, and medical treatises, by Ned Ward, George Colman the + older, Bickham, Dr. Hugh Smith, &c. Nothing now remains of them but + the original chalybeate spring, which is still preserved in an obscure + nook, amidst a poverty-stricken and squalid rookery of misery and + vice."—George Daniel's <i>Merrie England in the Olden Time</i>, + vol. i. p. 31.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>22. <i>London Spa</i> (from which Spa Fields derives its name) dates + as far back as 1206. In the eighteenth century, it was a celebrated place + of amusement. There is a curious view of "London Spaw" in a rare pamphlet + entitled <i>May-Day, or, The Original of Garlands</i>. Printed for J. + Roberts, 1720, 8vo.</p> + + <p>23. <i>Spring Gardens.</i>—Cox's Museum is described in the + printed catalogue of 1774, as being in "Spring Gardens." In the same year + a small volume was published containing <i>A Collection of various + Extracts in Prose and Verse relative to Cox's Museum</i>.</p> + + <p>24. <i>The Pantheon in Spa Fields.</i>—This place of amusement + was opened in 1770 for the sale of tea, coffee, wine, punch, &c. It + had an organ, and a spacious promenade and galleries. In 1780 it was + converted into a lay-chapel by the Countess of Huntingdon, and is now + known as <i>Northampton</i> or <i>Spa Fields Chapel</i>. Mr. Cunningham + speaks of the burying-ground (originally the garden), but singularly + enough omits to notice the chapel.</p> + + <p>25. <i>Baldwin's Gardens</i>, running between Leather Lane and Gray's + Inn Lane, were, according to a stone which till lately was to have been + seen against a corner house, bearing the arms of Queen Elizabeth, named + after <i>Richard Baldwin</i>, one of the royal gardeners, who began + building here in 1589.</p> + + <p>26. <i>Rathbone Place.</i>—In an old print (now before me) dated + 1722, this street is called "<i>Rawbone Place</i>." The Percy + coffee-house is still in existence.</p> + + <p>27. <i>Surrey Institution, Blackfriars Road.</i>—This building + was originally erected, and for some years appropriated to the + <i>Leverian Museum</i>. This magnificent museum of natural history was + founded by Sir Ashton Lever, who died in 1788. It was afterwards disposed + of by way of lottery, and won by Mr. James Parkinson, who transferred it + from Leicester Place to the Surrey side of Blackfriars bridge.</p> + + <p>28. <i>Schomberg House, Pall Mall</i>, (now, I believe, about to be + pulled down), was once the residence of that celebrated "quack" Dr. + Graham. Here, in 1783, he erected his <i>Temple of Health</i>. He + afterwards removed to Panton Street, Haymarket, where he first exhibited + his <i>Earth Bath</i>. I do not find any mention of Graham in Mr. + Cunningham's book.</p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> + + <p><i>Laying a Ghost.</i>—Frequent mention is made of the laying of + ghosts, and in many localities the tradition of such an event is extant. + At Cumnor, Lady Dudley (Amy Robsart's) ghost is said to have been laid by + nine Oxford parsons, and the tradition is still preserved by the + villagers; but nowhere have I been able to ascertain what was the + ceremony on such an occasion.</p> + + <p>Is anything known on the subject?</p> + + <p class="author">A.D.B.</p> + + <p>Abingdon, Nov. 1850.</p> + + <p><i>A Test of Witchcraft.</i>—Among the many tests applied for + the discovery of witchcraft was the following. It is, I believe, a + singular instance, and but little known to the public. It was resorted to + as recently as 1759, and may be found in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> + of that year.</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"One <i>Susannah Hannokes</i>, an elderly woman of Wingrove, near + Ayleshbury, was accused by a neighbour for bewitching her spinning-wheel, + so that she could not make it go round, and offered to make oath of it + before a majistrate; on which the husband, to justify his wife, insisted + upon her being tried by the Church Bible, and that the accuser should be + present: accordingly she was conducted to the parish church, where she + was stript of all her cloathes to her shift and undercoat, and weighed + against the Bible; when, to the no small mortification of her accuser, + she outweighed it, and was honorably acquitted of the charge."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">A.D.N.</p> + + <p>Abingdon, Nov. 1850.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p><!-- Page 405 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page405" id="page405"></a>{405}</span></p> + +<h3>MINOR NOTES.</h3> + + <p><i>Quin's incoherent Story.</i>—The comic story of Sir Gammer + Vans (Vol. ii., p. 280.) reminds me of an anecdote related of Quin, who + is said to have betted Foote a wager that he would speak some nonsense + which Foote could not repeat off-hand after him. Quin then produced the + following string of incoherences:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"So she went into the garden to pick a cabbage leaf, to make an + apple-pie of; and a she-bear, coming up the street, put her head into the + shop, and said 'Do you sell any soap?' So she died, and he very + imprudently married the barber; and the powder fell out of the + counsellor's wig, and poor Mrs. Mackay's puddings were quite entirely + spoilt; and there were present the Garnelies, and the Goblilies, and the + Picninnies, and the Great Pangendrum himself, with the little round + button at top, and they played at the ancient game of 'Catch who catch + can,' till the gunpowder ran out of the heels of their boots."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">L.</p> + + <p><i>Touchstone's Dial.</i>—Mr. Knight, in a note on <i>As You + Like It</i>, gives us the description of a dial presented to him by a + friend who had picked it "out of a deal of old iron," and which he + supposes to be such a one as the "fool i' the forest" drew from his poke, + and looked on with lacklustre eye. It is very probable that this species + of chronometer is still in common use in the sister kingdom; for my + brother mentions to me that, when at school in Ireland some fifteen or + sixteen years since, he had seen one of those "<i>ring-dials</i>" in the + possession of one of his schoolfellows: and Mr. Carleton, in his amusing + <i>Traits and Stories of the Irish Peasantry</i>, thus describes + them:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"The ring-dial was the hedge-schoolmaster's next best substitute for a + watch. As it is possible that a great number of our readers may never + have heard of—much less seen one, we shall in a word or two + describe it—nothing indeed could be more simple. It was a bright + brass ring, about three quarters of an inch broad, and two inches and a + half in diameter. There was a small hole in it, which, when held opposite + the sun, admitted the light against the inside of the ring behind. On + this were marked the hours and the quarters, and the time was known by + observing the hour or the quarter on which the slender ray, that came in + from the hole in front, fell."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">J.M.B.</p> + + <p><i>America and Tartary.</i>—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Un jésuite rencontra en Tartarie une femme huronne qu'il avoit connue + au Canada: il conclut de cette étrange aventure, que le continent de + l'Amérique se rapproche au nord-ouest du continent de l'Asie, et il + devina ainsi l'existence du détroit qui, longtemps après, a fait la + gloire de Bering et de Cook."—Chateaubriand, <i>Génie du + Christianisme</i>, Partie 4., Livre 4., Chap. 1.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Yet, with all deference to the edifying letters of this missionary + jesuit, it is difficult to make such distant ends meet. It almost + requires a copula like that of the fool, who, to reconcile his lord's + assertion that he had with a single bullet shot a deer in the ear and the + hind foot, explained that the deer was scratching his ear at the time + with his foot.</p> + + <p>Subjoined is one more <i>proof</i> of the communication which once + existed between America and the Old World:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>Colomb disoit même avoir vu les restes des fourneaux de Salomon dans + les mines de Cibao."—Chateaubriand, <i>Génie, Notes, + &c</i>.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">MANLEIUS.</p> + + <p><i>Deck of Cards.</i>—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"The king was slily finger'd from the <i>deck</i>."</p> + <p class="i12"><i>Henry VI.</i>, pt. iii. Act v. Sc. 1.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>It is well known, and properly noted, that a pack of cards was + formerly called a <i>deck</i>; but it should be added that the term is + still commonly used in Ireland, and from being made use of in the famed + song of "De Night before Larry was stretched,"</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"De deck being called for dey play'd,</p> + <p>Till Larry found one of dem cheated,"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>it seems likely to be preserved. I may add, that many words and many + forms of expression which have gone out of vogue in England, or have + become provincial, are still in daily use in Ireland.</p> + + <p class="author">J.M.B.</p> + + <p><i>Time when Herodotus wrote.</i>—The following passage appears + to me to afford strong evidence, not only that Herodotus did not complete + his history till an advanced age, but that he did not <i>begin</i> it. + For in lib. i. 5. he writes: "<span lang="el" title="ta de ep' emou ên megala, proteron ên smikra" + >τα δε επ' + εμου ην + μεγαλα, + προτερον ην + σμικρα</span>," "those cities, which + in my time <i>were</i> great, were of old small." This is certainly such + an expression as none but a man advanced in years could have used. It is + perhaps worth observing, that this passage occurring in the Introduction + does not diminish its weight, as the events recorded in it, leading + naturally into the history, could not well have been written afterwards. + As I have never seen this passage noticed with this view. I shall be glad + to see whether the argument which I have deduced from it appears a + reasonable one to your classical readers.</p> + + <p class="author">A.W.H.</p> + + <p>"<i>Dat veniam corvis," &c.</i>—There were two headmasters + of the school of Merchant Taylors, of the respective names of Du Guard + and Stevens: the former having printed Salmasius' <i>Defensio Regia</i>, + was ejected by Lord President Bradshaw; and the latter held the vacant + post in the interim, from February to September, 1650. He wrote during + his tenure of office in the School Probation Book."— <!-- Page 406 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page406" + id="page406"></a>{406}</span></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2">"Res DEUS nostras celeri citatas</p> + <p class="i4">Turbine versat."</p> + <p>"<i>Dat veniam corvis, vexat censura columbas</i>,</p> + <p class="i2">Pejus merenti melior, et pejor bono."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>On his restoration Du Gard pleasantly retorted,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Du Gardum sequitur Stephanus, Stephanumque vicissim,</p> + <p>Du Gardus: sortes versat utrinque DEUS."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">M.W.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>QUERIES.</h2> + +<h3>DRYDEN'S "ABSALOM AND ACHITOPHEL."</h3> + + <p>In my small library I have neither Malone's <i>Life of Dryden</i>, nor + that of more recent date by Sir Walter Scott; and, possibly, either of + those works would render my present Query needless. It relates to a copy + of <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i> now lying before me, which is a mere + chap-book, printed on bad paper, in the most economical manner, and + obviously intended to be sold at a very reasonable rate: indeed, at the + bottom of the title-page, which is dated "1708," we are told that it was + "Printed and sold by H. Hills, in Black-fryars, near the Water-side, + <i>for the Benefit of the Poor</i>." It consists of twenty-four pages, + small 8vo., and, in order that the poem should not occupy too much space, + one of the pages (p. 22.) is in a smaller type, and in double columns. At + the end is the following singular</p> + +<blockquote> +<p class="center">"ADVERTISEMENT.</p> + + <p>"To prevent the publicks being impos'd on, this is to give notice that + the book lately published in 4to. is very imperfect and uncorrect, in so + much that above thirty lines are omitted in several places, and many + gross errors committed, which pervert the sense."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The above is in Italic type, and the body of the tract consists of + only the first part of <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, as ordinarily + printed: allowing for misprints (which are tolerably numerous), the poem + stands very much the same as in several common editions I have at hand. + My Query is, Is the work known to have been so published "for the benefit + of the poor," and in order to give it greater circulation, and what is + the explanation of the "Advertisement?"</p> + + <p class="author">THE HERMIT OF HOLYPORT.</p> + + <p>N.B. A short "Key" follows the usual address "To the Reader."</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3> + + <p><i>Edward the Confessor's Crucifix and Gold Chain.</i>—In 1688 + Ch. Taylour published <i>A Narrative of the Finding St. Edward the King + and Confessor's Crucifix and Gold Chain in the Abbey Church of St. + Peter's, Westminster</i>. Are the circumstances attending this discovery + well known? And where now is the crucifix and chain?</p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + + <p><i>The Widow of the Wood.</i>—Benjamin Victor published in 1755 + a "narrative" entitled <i>The Widow of the Wood</i>. It is said to be + very rare, having been "bought up" by the Wolseleys of Staffordshire. + What is the history of the publication?</p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + + <p><i>Cardinal Erskine.</i>—I am anxious to obtain some information + respecting Cardinal Erskine, a Scotchman, as his name would impart, but + called Cardinal of England? I suppose he was elevated to the sacred + college between Cardinal Howard, the last mentioned by Dodd in his + <i>Church History</i>, and the Cardinal of York, the last scion of the + house of Stuart.</p> + + <p>And is the following a correct list of English Cardinals since Wolsey, + who died in 1530?</p> + + +<table width="65%" class="single" summary="English Cardinals" title="English Cardinals"> + <tr> + <td align="left" width="76%"> + </td> + <td align="right" width="23%"> + Elevated in + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester + </td> + <td align="right"> + 1535 + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Reginald Pole, Archbishop of Canterbury + </td> + <td align="right"> + 1536 + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + William Peyto, Bishop of Salisbury + </td> + <td align="right"> + 1557 + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + William Allen + </td> + <td align="right"> + 1587 + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Philip Howard + </td> + <td align="right"> + 1675 + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + —— Erskine + </td> + <td align="right"> + —— + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Henry Stuart of York + </td> + <td align="right"> + 1747 + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Thomas Weld + </td> + <td align="right"> + 1830 + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Charles Acton + </td> + <td align="right"> + 1839 or 1842 + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Nicolas Wiseman, who is the 53rd<br /> on the list of English + Cardinals + </td> + <td align="right"> + 1850 + </td> + </tr> +</table> + + <p>Both the latter were born abroad, the former at Naples, the latter at + Seville; but they were born of British subjects, and were brought to + England at an early age to be educated. The Cardinal of York was born in + Rome; but being of the royal family of England, was always styled the + Cardinal of England.</p> + + <p class="author">G.W.</p> + + <p>October 26. 1850.</p> + + <p><i>Thomas Regiolapidensis.</i>—Where can I find any information + as to the saint who figures in the following curious story? + <i>Regiolapidensis</i> may probably mean <i>of Königstein</i>, in Saxony; + but Albon Butler takes no notice of this Thomas.</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Incipit narratiuncula e libro vingto, cui titular <i>Vita atq. Gesta + B. Thomæ Regiolapidensis, ex ordine FF. Prædicatorum</i>, excerpta.</p> + + <p>"Quum verò prædicator indefensus, missionum ecclesiasticarum causâ, in + borealibus versaretur partibus, miraculum ibi stupendum sanè patravit. + Conspexit enim taurum ingentem, vaccarum (sicut poëta quidam ex ethnicis + ait) 'magnâ comitante catervâ,' in prato quodam graminoso ferocientem, + maceriâ tantum bassâ inter se et belluam istam horrendam interpositâ. + Constitit Thomas, constitit et bos, horribiliter rugiens, caudâ erectâ, + cornibus immaniter sæviens, ore spumam, naribus vaporem, oculis fulgur + emittens, maceriam transsilire, in virum sanctum irruere, corpusque ejus + venerabile in aëra jactitare, visibiliter nimis paratus. <!-- Page 407 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page407" id="page407"></a>{407}</span> + Thomas autem, eaptâ occasione, oculos in monstrum obfirmat, signumque + crucis magneticum in modum indesinenter ducere aggreditur, En portentum + inauditum! geminis belluae luminibus illico palpebrae obducuntur, titubat + taurus, cadit, ac, signo magnetico sopitus, primò raucum stertens, mox + infantiliter placidum trahens halitum, humi pronus recumbit. Nec moratus + donec hostis iste cornutus somnum excuteret, viv sanctus ad hospitium se + propinquum laetus inde incolumisque recepit."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">RUSTICUS.</p> + + <p>"<i>Her Brow was fair.</i>"—Can any of your many readers inform + me of the author of the following lines, which I copy as I found them + quoted in Dr. Armstrong's <i>Lectures</i>:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Her brow was fair, but very pale,</p> + <p>And looked like stainless marble; a touch methought would soil</p> + <p>Its whiteness. On her temple, one blue vein</p> + <p>Ran like a tendril; one through her shadowy hand</p> + <p>Branched like the fibre of a leaf away."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">J.M.B.</p> + + <p><i>Hoods warn by Doctors of Divinity of Aberdeen.</i>—Will you + allow me to inquire, through the pages of your publication, of what + <i>colour</i> and <i>material</i> the <i>exterior</i> and <i>lining</i> + of hoods were composed which Doctors in Divinity, who had graduated at + Aberdeen, Glasgow, and St. Andrew's, prior to the Reformation, were + accustomed to wear? I imagine, the same as those worn by Doctors who had + graduated at Paris: but what hoods they wore I know not. I trust that + some of your correspondents will enlighten me upon this subject.</p> + + <p class="author">LL.D.</p> + + <p><i>Irish Brigade.</i>—Where can I find any account of the + institution and history of the Irish brigade, a part of the army of + France under the Bourbons?</p> + + <p class="author">J.D.</p> + + <p>Bath.</p> + + <p><i>Doctrine of the Immaculate Conception.</i>—In the charge + delivered by the Bishop of London to his clergy, on the 2nd instant, the + following passage occurs:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"It is not easy to say what the members of that Church [the Church of + Rome] are required to believe now; it is impossible for men to foresee + what they may be called upon to admit as an article of faith next year, + or in any future year: for instance, till of late it was open to a Roman + Catholic to believe or not, as he might see reason, the fanciful notion + of the immaculate conception of the Blessed Virgin; but the present + Bishop of Rome has seen fit to make it an article of their faith; and no + member of his church can henceforth question it without denying the + infallibility of his spiritual sovereign, and so hazarding, as it is + asserted, his own salvation."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Can any of your correspondents inform me where the papal decision on + this point is to be found?</p> + + <p class="author">L.</p> + + <p><i>Gospel Oak Tree at Kentish Town.</i>—Can you inform me why an + ancient oak tree, in a field at Kentish Town, is called the "Gospel Oak + Tree." It is situated and grows in the field called the "Gospel Oak + Field," Kentish Town, St. Pancras, Middlesex. Tradition says Saint + Augustine, or one of the ancient Fathers of the Church, preached under + its branches.</p> + + <p class="author">STEPHEN.</p> + + <p><i>Arminian Nunnery in Huntingdonshire.</i>—Where can I find an + account of a religious academy called the <i>Arminian Nunnery</i>, + founded by the family of the FERRARS, at Little Gidding in + Huntingdonshire? I have seen some MS. collections of Francis Peck on the + subject, but they are formed in a bad spirit. Has not Thomas Hearne left + us something about this institution?</p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + + <p><i>Ruding's Annotated Langbaine.</i>—Can any of your readers + inform me who possesses the copy of Langbaine's <i>Account of the English + Dramatic Poets</i> with MS. additions, and copious continuations, by the + REV. ROGERS RUDING? In one of his notes, speaking of the Garrick + collection of old plays, that industrious antiquary observes:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"This noble collection has lately (1784) been mutilated by tearing out + such single plays as were duplicates to others in the Sloane Library. The + folio editions of Shakespeare, Beaumont and Fletcher, and Jonson, have + likewise been taken from it for the same reason."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This is a sad complaint against the Museum authorities of former + times.</p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + + <p><i>Mrs. Tempest.</i>—Can any of your correspondents give me any + account of Mrs. (or, in our present style, Miss) Tempest, a young lady + who died the day of the great storm in Nov., 1703, in honour of whom + Pope's early friend Walshe wrote an elegiac pastoral, and invited Pope to + give his "winter" pastoral "a turn to her memory." In the note on Pope's + pastoral it is said that "she was of an ancient family in Yorkshire, and + admired by Walshe." I have elsewhere read of her as "the celebrated Mrs. + Tempest;" but I know of no other celebrity than that conferred by + Walshe's pastoral; for Pope's has no special allusion to her.</p> + + <p class="author">C.</p> + + <p><i>Sitting cross-legged.</i>—In an alliterative poem on Fortune + (<i>Reliquiæ Antiquæ</i>, ii. p. 9.), written early in the fifteenth + century, are the following lines:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Sitte, I say, and sethe on a semeli sete,</p> + <p>Rygth on the rounde, on the rennyng ryng;</p> + <p><i>Caste kne over kne, as a kynge kete</i>,</p> + <p>Comely clothed in a cope, crouned as a kyng."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The third line seems to illustrate those early illuminations in which + kings and great personages are represented as sitting cross-legged. There + are numerous examples of the A.-S. period. Was it <!-- Page 408 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page408" id="page408"></a>{408}</span> merely + assumption of dignity, or was it not rather intended to ward off any evil + influence which might affect the king whilst sitting, in his state? That + this was a consideration of weight we learn from the passage in Bede, in + which Ethelbert is described as receiving Augustine in the open air:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Post dies ergo venit ad insulam rex, et residens sub divo jussit + Augustinum cum sociis ad suum ibidem adveire colloquium; caverat enim ne + in aliquam domum ad se introirent, vetere usus augurio, ne superventu + suo, si quid maleficæ artis habuissent, eum superando + deciperent."—<i>Hist. Eccles.</i>, l. i. c. 25.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It was cross-legged that Lucina was sitting before the floor of + Alemena when she was deceived by Galanthes. In Devonshire there is still + a saying which recommends "sitting cross-legged to help persons on a + journey;" and it is employed as a charm by schoolboys in order to avert + punishment. (Ellis's <i>Brand</i>, iii. 258.) Were not the cross-legged + effigies, formerly considered to be those of Crusaders, so arranged with + an idea of the mysterious virtue of the position?</p> + + <p class="author">RICHARD J. KING.</p> + + <p><i>Twickenham—Did Elizabeth visit Bacon there?</i>—I + believe all the authors who within the last sixty years have written on + the history of Twickenham, Middlesex (and among the most known of these I + may mention Lysons, Ironside, and John Norris Brewer), have, when + mentioning Twickenham Park, formerly the seat of Lord Bacon, stated that + he there entertained Queen Elizabeth. Of this circumstance I find no + account in the works of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. His + lordship entertained her at Gorhambury in one of her progresses; and I + would ask if it be possible that Twickenham may have been mistaken for + his other seat of Gorhambury? It is well known Queen Elizabeth passed + much of the latter part of her life at Richmond, and ended her days + there; and in Mr. Nares' <i>Memoirs of Lord Burghley</i> there is an + account of her visit to Barn-Elms; and there is also a curious + description of her visit to Kew (in that neighbourhood) in the <i>Sydney + Papers</i>, published by Arthur Collins, in two vols. folio, vol. i. p. + 376., in a letter from Rowland Whyte, Esq. Had Lord Bacon received her + majesty, it must most probably have been in 1595. But perhaps some of + your readers may be able to supply me with information on this + subject.</p> + + <p class="author">D.N.</p> + + <p><i>Burial towards the West.</i>—The usual posture of the dead is + with the feet eastward, and the head towards the west: the fitting + attitude of men who look for their Lord, "whose name is The East," and + who will come to judgement in the regions of the dawn suddenly. But it + was the ancient usage of the Church that the martyr, the bishop, the + saint, and even the priest, should occupy in their sepulture a position + the reverse of the secular dead, and lie down with their feet westward, + and their heads to the rising sun. The position of the crozier and the + cross on ancient sepulchres of the clergy record and reveal this fact. + The doctrine suggested by such a burial was, that these mighty men which + were of old would be honoured with a first resurrection, and as their + Master came on from the east, they were to arise and to follow the Lamb + as He went; insomuch that they, with Him, would advance to the Judgement + of the general multitudes,—the ancients and the saints which were + worthy to judge and reign. Now, Sir, my purpose in this statement is to + elicit, if I may, from your learned readers illustrations of this + distinctive interment.</p> + + <p class="author">R.S. HAWKER.</p> + + <p>Morwenstow.</p> + + <p><i>Medal struck by Charles II.</i>—Voltaire, in his <i>Histoire + de Charles XII.</i>, liv. 4., states that a medal was struck in + commemoration of a victory which Charles XII. gained over the Russians, + at a place named Hollosin, near the Boresthenes, in the year 1708. He + adds that on one side of this medal was the epigraph, "Sylvæ, paludes, + aggeres, hostes victi;" on the other the verse of Lucan:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Victrices <i>copias</i> alium laturus in orbem."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The verse of Lucan referred to is in lib. v. l.238.:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Victrices <i>aquilas</i> alium laturus in orbem."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Query, Is the medal referred to by Voltaire known to exist? and if so, + is the substitution of the unmetrical and prosaic word <i>copias</i> due + to the author of the medal, or to Voltaire himself?</p> + + <p class="author">L.</p> + + <p><i>National Debt.</i>—What volumes, pamphlets, or paragraphs can + be pointed out to the writer, in poetry or prose, alluding to the + bribery, corruption, and abuses connected with the formation of the + National Debt from 1698 to 1815?</p> + + <p class="author">F.H.B.</p> + + <p><i>Midwives licensed.</i>—In the articles to be inquired into in + the province of Canterbury, anno 1571 (<i>Grindal Rem.</i>, Park. Soc. + 174-58), inquiry to be made</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Whether any use charms, or unlawful prayers, or invocations, in Latin + or otherwise, and <i>namely, midwives in the time of women's travail of + child</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In the oath taken by Eleanor Pead before being licensed by the + Archbishop to be a midwife a similar clause occurs; the words, "Also, I + will not use any kind of sorcery or incantations in the time of the + travail of any woman." Can any of your readers inform me what charms or + prayers are here referred to, and at what period midwives ceased to be + licensed by the Archbishop, or if any traces of such license are still + found in Roman Catholic countries?</p> + + <p class="author">S.P.H.T.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 409 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page409" id="page409"></a>{409}</span></p> + +<h2>REPLIES.</h2> + +<h3>THE BLACK ROOD OF SCOTLAND.</h3> + +<p class="center">(Vol. ii., p. 308.)</p> + + <p>I am not aware of any record in which mention of this relique occurs + before the time of St. Margaret. It seems very probable that the + venerated crucifix which was so termed was one of the treasures which + descended with the crown of the Anglo-Saxon kings. When the princess + Margaret, with her brother Edgar, the lawful heir to the throne of St. + Edward the Confessor, fled into Scotland, after the victory of William, + she carried this cross with her amongst her other treasures. Aelred of + Rievaulx (ap. Twysd. 350.) gives a reason why it was so highly valued, + and some description of the rood itself:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Est autem crux illa longitudinem habens palmæ de auro purissimo + mirabili opere fabricats, quæ in modum techæ clauditur et aperitur. + Cernitur in ea quædarn Dominicæ crucis portio, (sicut sæpe multorum + miraculorum argumento probatum est). Salvatoris nostri ymaginem habens de + ebore densissime sculptam et aureis distinctionibus mirabiliter + decoratam."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>St. Margaret appears to have destined it for the abbey which she and + her royal husband, Malcolm III., founded at Dunfermline in honour of the + Holy Trinity: and this cross seems to have engaged her last thoughts for + her confessor relates that, when dying, she caused it to be brought to + her, and that she embraced, and gazed steadfastly upon it, until her soul + passed from time to eternity. Upon her death (16th Nov., 1093), the Black + Rood was deposited upon the altar of Dunfermline Abbey, where St. + Margaret was interred.</p> + + <p>The next mention of it that I have been enabled to make note of, + occurs in 1292, in the Catalogue of Scottish Muniments which were + received within the Castle of Edinburgh, in the presence of the Abbots of + Dunfermline and Holy Rood, and the Commissioners of Edward I., on the + 23rd August in that year, and were conveyed to Berwick-upon-Tweed. Under + the head</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Omnia ista inventa fuerunt in quadam cista in Dormitorio S. Crucis, + et ibidem reposita prædictos Abbates et altos, sub ecrum sigillis."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>we find</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Unum scrinium argenteum deauratum, in quo reponitur crux quo vocatur + <i>la blake rode</i>."—Robertson's <i>Index</i>, Introd. xiii.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It does not appear that any such fatality was ascribed to this relique + as that which the Scots attributed to the possession of the famous stone + on which their kings were crowned, or it might be conjectured that when + Edward I. brought "the fatal seat" from Scone to Westminster, he brought + the Black Rood of Scotland too. That amiable and pleasing historian, Miss + Strickland, has stated that the English viewed the possession of this + relique by the Scottish kings with jealousy; that it was seized upon by + Edward I., but restored on the treaty of peace in 1327. This statement is + erroneous; the rood having been mistaken for the stone, which, by the + way, as your readers know, was never restored.</p> + + <p>We next find it in the possession of King David Bruce, who lost this + treasured relique, with his own liberty, at the battle of Durham (18th + Oct., 1346), and from that time the monks of Durham became its + possessors. In the <i>Description of the Ancient Monuments, Rites, and + Customs of the Abbey Church of Durham</i>, as they existed at the + dissolution, which was written in 1593, and was published by Davies in + 1672, and subsequently by the Surtees Society, we find it described + as</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"A most faire roode or picture of our Saviour, in silver, called the + Black Roode of Scotland, brought out of Holy Rood House, by King David + Bruce ... with the picture of Our Lady on the one side of our Saviour, + and St. John's on the other side, very richly wrought in silver, all + three having crownes of pure beaten gold of goldsmith's work, with a + device or rest to take them off or on."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The writer then describes the "fine wainscote work" to which this + costly "rood and pictures" were fastened on a pillar at the east end of + the southern aisle of the quire. And in a subsequent chapter (p. 21. of + Surtees Soc. volume) we have an account of the cross miraculously + received by David I. (whom the writer confounds with the King David Bruce + captured at the battle of Durham, notwithstanding that his <i>Auntient + Memorial</i> professes to be "collected forthe of the best antiquaries"), + and in honour of which he founded Holy Rood Abbey in 1128 from which + account it clearly appears that this cross was distinct from the Black + Rood of Scotland. For the writer, after stating that this miraculous + cross had been brought from Holy Rood House by the king, as a "most + fortunate relique," says:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"He lost <i>the said crosse</i>, which was taiken upon him, and many + other most wourthie and excellent jewells ... which all weare offred up + at the shryne of Saint Cuthbert, <i>together with the Blacke Rude of + Scotland</i> (so termed), with Mary and John, maid of silver, being, as + yt were, smoked all over, which was placed and sett up most exactlie in + the pillar next St. Cuthbert's shrine," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In the description written in 1593, as printed, the size of the Black + Rood is not mentioned; but in Sanderson's <i>Antiquities of Durham</i>, + in which he follows that description, but with many variations and + omissions, he says (p. 22.), in mentioning the Black Rood of Scotland, + with the images, as above described,—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Which rood and pictures were all three very richly wrought in silver, + and were all smoked blacke over, <!-- Page 410 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page410" id="page410"></a>{410}</span> being + large pictures of a yard or five quarters long, and on every one of their + leads a crown of pure beaten gold," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I have one more (too brief) notice of this famous rood. It occurs in + the list of reliques preserved in the Feretory of St. Cuthhert, under the + care of the shrine-keeper, which was drawn up in 1383 by Richard de + Sedbrok, and is as follows:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"A black crosse, called the <i>Black Rode of Scotland</i>."—MS. + Dunelm., B. ii. 35.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Strange to say, Mr. Raine, in his <i>St. Cuthbert</i>, p. 108., + appears to confound the cross brought from Holy Rood House, and in honour + of which it was founded, with the Black Rood of Scotland. He was misled, + no doubt, by the statement in the passage above extracted from the + <i>Ancient Monuments</i>, that this cross was brought out of Holy Rood + House.</p> + + <p>I fear that the fact that it was formed of silver and gold, gives + little reason to hope that this historical relique escaped destruction + when it came into the hands of King Henry's church robbers. Its sanctity + may, indeed, have induced the monks to send it with some other reliques + to a place of refuge on the Continent, until the tyranny should be + overpast; but there is not any tradition at Durham, that I am aware of, + to throw light on the concluding Query of your correspondent P.A.F., as + to "what became of the 'Holy Cross,' or 'Black Rood,' at the dissolution + of Durham Priory?"</p> + + <p>That the Black Rood of Scotland, and the Cross of Holy Rood House were + distinct, there can, I think, be no doubt. The cross mentioned by Aelred + is not mentioned as the "Black Rood:" probably it acquired this + designation after his time. But Fordoun, in the <i>Scoti-Chronicon</i>, + Lord Hailes in his <i>Annals</i>, and other historians, have taken + Aelred's account as referring to the Black Rood of Scotland. Whether it + had been brought from Dunfermline to Edinburgh before Edward's campaign, + and remained thenceforth deposited in Holy Rood Abbey, does not appear: + but it is probable that a relique to which the sovereigns of Scotland + attached so much veneration was kept at the latter place.</p> + + <p class="author">W.S.G.</p> + + <p>Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Nov. 2. 1850.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3> + + <p><i>Hæmony</i> (Vol. ii., p. 88.).—MR. BASHAM will find some + account of this plant under the slightly different type of + "Hēmionion" in Pliny, xxv. 20., xvi. 25., xxvii. 17.:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Invenit et Teucer eadem ætate Teucrion, quam quidam 'Hemionion' + vocant, spargentem juncos tenues, folia parva, asperis locis nascentem, + austero sapore, nunquam florentem: neque semen gignit. Medetur lienibus + ... Narrantque sues qui radicem ejus ederint sine splene inveniri.</p> + + <p>"Singultus hemionium sedat.</p> + + <p>"'Asplenon' sunt qui <i>hemionion</i> vocant foliis trientalibus + multis, radice limosa, cavernosa, sicut filicis, candida, hirsuta: nec + caulem, nec florem, nec semen habet. Nascitur in petris parietibusque + opacis, humidis."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>According to Hardouin's note, p. 3777., it is the <i>Ceterach</i> of + the shops, or rather <i>Citrach</i>; a great favourite of the mules, + <span lang="el" title="hêmionoi" + >‛ημιονοι</span>, + witness Theophrastus, <i>Hist.</i>, ix. 19.</p> + + <p>Ray found it "on the walls about Bristol, and the stones at St. + Vincent's rock." He calls it "Spleenwort" and "Miltwaste." <i>Catalog. + Plant.</i> p. 31. Lond. 1677.</p> + + <p>I have a copy of Henri du Puy's "original" <i>Comus</i>, but do not + recollect his noticing the plant.</p> + + <p class="author">G.M.</p> + + <p>Guernsey.</p> + + <p><i>Byron's Birthplace.</i>—Can any of your correspondents give + any information relative to the house in which Lord Byron was born? His + biographers state that it was in Holles Street, but do not mention the + number.</p> + + <p class="author">C.B.W.</p> + + <p>Edgbaston.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Our correspondent will find, on referring to Mr. Cunningham's + <i>Handbook of London</i>, that "Byron was born at No. 24. Holles Street, + and christened in the small parish church of St. Marylebone."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Ancient Tiles</i> (Vol. i., p. 173.).—The device of two birds + perched back to back on the twigs of a branch that rises between them, is + found, not on tiles only, but in wood carving; as at Exeter Cathedral, on + two of the Misereres in the choir, and on the gates which separate the + choir from the aisles, and these again from the nave.</p> + + <p class="author">J.W.H.</p> + + <p><i>Modena Family</i> (Vol. ii., p. 266.).—Victor Amadeus III., + King of Sardinia, died in October, 1796. Mary Beatrice, Duchess of + Modena, mother of the present Duke of Modena, was the daughter of Victor + Emmanuel V., King of Sardinia, who abdicated his throne in 1821, and died + 10th January, 1824. The present Duke of Modena is the direct heir of the + house of Stuart in the following line:—</p> + + <p>All the legitimate issue of Charles II. and James II. being extinct, + we fall back upon Henrietta Maria, youngest child of Charles I. She + married her cousin Philip, Duke of Orleans, brother of Louis XIV., and by + him had three children. Two died without issue: the youngest, Anna Maria, + b. Aug. 1669, mar. Victor Amadeus II., Duke of Savoy, and had by him + three children, one son and two daughters.</p> + + <p>The son, Charles Emmanuel III., Duke of <!-- Page 411 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page411" id="page411"></a>{411}</span> Savoy, + married and had Victor Amadeus III., who married Maria Antoinette of + Spain, and had:—1. Charles Emmanuel IV., who died without issue, + and 2. Victor Emmanuel V., who married an Austrian Archduchess; his + eldest daughter married Francis IV. Duke of Modena. She died between A.D. + 1841-1846, I believe, and left four children:—1. Francis V., Duke + of Modena. 2. The wife of Henri, Comte de Chambord. 3. Ferdinand. 4. + Marie, wife of Don Juan, brother of the present de jure King of Spain, + Carlos VI.</p> + + <p class="author">J.K.</p> + + <p><i>Nicholas Breton's Fantasticks</i> (Vol. ii., p. 375.).—In + reply to the second Bibliographical Query of J. MT., Edinburgh, + respecting Nicholas Breton's <i>Fantasticks</i>, I beg to inform him that + my copy is perfect, and contains twenty-two leaves. The title is + <i>Fantasticks: seruing for a perpetuall Prognostication</i>, with the + subjects of the twenty-four <i>Descants</i>, as they are called, in + prose, contained in the volume. 4to. bl. lett. London: Printed for + Francis Williams, 1626. After this is a dedication "To the worshipfull + and worthy knight Sir Marke Ive, of Rivers Hall, in Essex;" and a short + address "To the Reader," one leaf. It is an entertaining work, and + contains some curious and useful remarks on our ancient manners, customs, + and habits. My copy had successively belonged to Garrick, Fillingham, and + Heber; the latter of whom has written in it, "Who has ever seen another + copy?"</p> + + <p class="author">T.C.</p> + + <p>Strand.</p> + + <p><i>Gaudentio di Lucca</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 247. 298. 327.).—The + Rev. Simon Berington, the author of <i>The Memoirs of Gaudentio di + Lucca</i>, "of whom" MR. CROSSLEY (Vol. ii., p. 328.) "regrets that so + little is known," was the fourth son of John Berington, of Winesley, co. + Hereford, Esquire, by Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Wolrich, of + Dudmaston, co. Salop, Bart. He was born 1679. He studied and took holy + orders at Douay College.</p> + + <p class="author">W.L.</p> + + <p>Nov. 3. 1850.</p> + + <p><i>Weights for weighing Coins</i>(Vol. ii., p. 326.).—I am able + to supply H.E. with a reference to this subject of an earlier date than + those he quotes. In the MS. <i>Compotus</i> or <i>Accounts of Sibton + Abbey, in Suffolk</i>, in my possession, occurs the following item, under + the year 1363-4:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Et de ix d. pro ij paribus Balaunces pro aure ponderand'."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The following extract, although of later date than H.E. requires, may + yet be not without its use to him in illustration of the subject. It + occurs in the <i>Compotus</i> of a collegiate establishment at Mettingam, + Suffolk, from an earlier volume of which some extracts were furnished to + the <i>Archæological Journal</i> (vol. vi. p. 62.). It is as follows, + under the year 1464:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Item in ponderibus pro novo aura ponderant' s' nobili <i>xs.</i> di. + nobyl et quadrant' ejusdem cunagii et pro nobili de <i>vj</i>s. + <i>viij</i>d. di. nobil et quadrant' et minoribus ponderibus utriusque + cunagii cum le Scolys et Cophino pro eisdem. <i>ij</i>s. <i>j</i>d."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The new gold is of course the reduced coinage of Edward IV. I conclude + that the nobles of 6s. 8d. were the same as the angels.</p> + + <p class="author">C.R.M.</p> + + <p><i>Mrs. Partington</i> (Vol. ii., p. 377.).—IGNORANS no doubt + refers to the oft-repeated allusion to "Dame Partington and her mop;" and + taking it for granted that he does so, I will enlighten him a little on + the subject. The "original Mrs. Partington" was a respectable old lady, + living, at Sidmouth in Devonshire; her cottage was on the beach, and + during an awful storm (that, I think, of Nov. 1824, when some fifty or + sixty ships were wrecked at Plymouth) the sea rose to such a height as + every now and then to invade the old lady's place of domicile: in fact, + almost every wave dashed in at the door. Mrs. Partington, with such help + as she could command, with mops and brooms, as fast as the water entered + the house, mopped it out again; until at length the waves had the + mastery, and the dame was compelled to retire to an upper story of the + house. I well recollect reading in the Devonshire newspapers of the time + an account similar to the above: but the first allusion to the + circumstance was, I think, made by Lord Brougham in his celebrated speech + in the house of Commons on the Reform Bill, in which he compared the + Conservative opposition to the bill to be like the opposition of "Dame + Partington and her mop, who endeavoured to mop out the waves of the + Atlantic."</p> + + <p class="author">ROBERT COLE.</p> + + <p><i>Mrs. Partington.</i>—Mr. Greene, the witty editor of the + <i>Boston (N.E.) Post</i>, is believed to be the original of Mrs. + Partington: at least he fathers all her sayings. He began to print them + about twelve or fifteen years ago.</p> + + <p class="author">G.M.B.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[G.M.B. has also kindly forwarded to us some of "<i>Mrs. Partington's + Queries</i> from a recent number of the <i>Boston Post</i>, from which we + select a couple of specimens, viz.,—</p> + + <p>"Whether the Emperor of China is a <i>porcelain</i> statue or a mere + fiction?"</p> + + <p>"Is the <i>Great Seal</i> alive, or only stuffed?"]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>The East Anglian Word "Mauther"</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 217. + 365.).—Skinner's note on this word is</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Mawther, vox Norfolciensi agro peculiaris: <i>Spelman</i> ipse eodem + agro ortus a Dan. <i>Moer</i>, Virgo, Puella, deflectit. Possit tamen et + declinari a Belg. <i>Maegd</i>, Teut. <i>Magd</i>, idem signante, addita + term. <i>er</i> vel <i>der</i>, ut in proximo agro Lincolniensi in + vocibus <i>Heeder</i> et <i>Sheeder</i> quæ Marem et Feminam notant. + Author Dict. Angl. scribit <i>Modder</i>, et cum Kiliano deducit a Belg. + <i>Modde</i>, <i>Moddeken</i>, Pupa, Puella, + Virgincula."—<i>Etymol.</i> sub voce.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Webster merely gives (with strange neglect, having Skinner before + him): <!-- Page 412 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page412" + id="page412"></a>{412}</span></p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Mauther, a foolish young girl(not used)."—<i>Ben + Jonson.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Skinner is, I believe, wrong in assigning the <i>r</i> termination to + the Danish word. Such a termination of the word <i>maid</i> is not to be + found in any of the Teutonic dialects. The diphthong sound and the + <i>th</i> appear frequently; as,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>1. Moeso-Gothic: <i>Magath</i> or <i>Magaths</i>; <i>Mawi</i>,</p> + <p class="i4">dim. <i>Mawilo</i>.</p> + <p>2. Anglo-Saxon: <i>Maeth</i>, <i>Maegth</i>, dim. <i>Meowla</i>.</p> + <p>3. Old-German: <i>Maget</i>.</p> + <p>4. Swedish: <i>Moe</i>.</p> + <p>5. Norse: <i>Moei</i>.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>I therefore suppose the <i>r</i> termination in <i>mauther</i> to be a + mere corruption, like that pointed out by Skinner in the Lincoln + Folk-speech: or is it possible that it may have arisen from a contusion + of the words <i>maid</i> and <i>mother</i> in Roman Catholic times? In + Holland the Virgin Mary was called <i>Moeder Maagd</i>,—a phrase + which may possibly have crossed over to the East Anglian coast, and + occasioned the subsequent confusion.</p> + + <p class="author">B.H.K.</p> + + <p>P.S. Do the words <i>modde</i>, <i>moddeken,</i> quoted by Skinner, + exist? and, if so, are they Dutch or Flemish? I have no means of + verifying them at hand.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[On referring to Kilian's <i>Dictionarium Teutonico-Latin-Gallicum</i> + (ed. 1642), we find, "MODDE, MODDEKEN, Pupa, Poupée."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Cheshire Cat</i> (Vol. ii., p. 377.).—A correspondent, + T.E.L.P.B.T., asks the explanations of the phrase, "grinning like a + Cheshire cat." Some years since Cheshire cheeses were sold in this town + moulded into the shape of a cat, bristles being inserted to represent the + whiskers. This may possibly have originated the saying.</p> + + <p class="author">T.D.</p> + + <p>Bath.</p> + + <p>"<i>Thompson of Esholt</i>" (Vol. ii., p. 268.).—In an old + pedigree of the Calverley family, I find it stated that <i>Henry Thompson + of Esholt</i> (whose only daughter <i>Frances</i> William Calverley of + Calverley married, and by her acquired that property) was great-grandson + to Henry Thompson,</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"One of the king's gentlemen-at-arms at the siege of Boulogne (temp. + H. 7.), where he notably signalised himself, and for his service was + rewarded with the <i>Maison Dieu at Dover</i>, by gift of the king; + afterwards, in the reign of Edward VI., exchanged it for the manor and + rectory of <i>Bromfield</i> in Cumberland, and the site of the late + dissolved nunnery of Esholt."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Further particulars regarding the above grant of <i>Bromefield</i>, + and a <i>pedigree</i> of the Thompsons, are published in <i>Archæologia + Œliana</i>, vol. ii. (1832), p. 171.</p> + + <p class="author">W.C. TREVELYAN.</p> + + <p>Wallington.</p> + + <p><i>Minar's Book of Antiquities</i> (Vol. i., p. 277.; ii. p. + 344.).—I am much obliged to T.J. for his endeavours to help me to + Minar's <i>Book of Antiquities</i>. But there still remains a chasm too + wide for me to jump; inasmuch as Christopher Meiners published his + treatise <i>De Vero Deo</i> in 1780, and Cardinal Cusa, who refers to + Minar, died in 1464, being more than 300 years before.</p> + + <p class="author">A.N.</p> + + <p><i>Croziers and Pastoral Staves</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 248, + 313.).—The opinion expressed by the REV. MR. WALCOT (in your No. + 50.), that by the word <i>crozier</i> is to be understood the crossed + staff belonging only to archbishops and legates, while the staff with a + crook at its end is to be called the pastoral staff, cannot, I think, be + considered satisfactory, for the following, among other reasons.</p> + + <p>Crozier is generally (I should formerly have said universally) + understood to mean the staff with a crook, the so well-known "ensign of + bishops."</p> + + <p>In the instances mentioned by MR. WALCOT, <i>croziers</i> are + repeatedly spoken of as having been borne at the funerals of + <i>bishops</i>, while the crosses borne before Wolsey are called crosses, + and not croziers.</p> + + <p>The word <i>crozier</i> seems to be derived from the mediæval Latin + word <i>crocia</i>. This is explained by Ducange: "Pedum, baculus + pastoralis, episcopalis." Crocia seems to be derived from, or closely + connected with, "crocha, uncinus, lamus," and "crochum, uncus quo + arcubalistæ tenduntur" (Ducange). Hence it appears that <i>crozier</i> + does not refer to a cross but to a crook.</p> + + <p>In such ancient authorities as I have had the opportunity of referring + to at the moment, as brasses, incised slabs, &c., bishops and + archbishops are alike represented with the crooked staff; a cross is of + more rare occurrence, and at the moment only two instances occur to me, + one in the fine brass of Frederic, son of Casimir, king of Poland, and a + cardinal, which is in the cathedral of Cracow, and in which he is + represented holding a crozier, while crosses are figured on the sides + under the cardinal's hat. The other is in the curious brass of Lambert, + bishop of Bamberg, in the cathedral of that city: in this the bishop + holds a cross in his right and a crozier in his left hand.</p> + + <p>The statement that the crook of the bishop's staff was bent outwards, + and that of the abbot's inward, is one which is often made in books; I + should, however, be very glad to learn whether any difference has been + observed to exist either in mediæval representations of croziers on + seals, accompanying, effigies, or in paintings, or in the existing + examples. So far as I have seen, the crook, in all except a few early + instances, is bent in the same manner, <i>i.e.</i> inwards.</p> + + <p class="author">N.</p> + + <p><i>Socinian Boast</i> (Vol. ii., p. 375.).—The following lines + "De Ruinâ Babylonis" occur in the works of a Socinian writer, one + Samuelis Przipcovius, who died in 1670, and evidently have reference to + those quoted by Dr. Pusey:— <!-- Page 413 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page413" id="page413"></a>{413}</span></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Quid per Luterum, Calvinum, perque Socinum,</p> + <p class="i2">Funditus eversam jam Babylona putas?</p> + <p>Perstat adhuc <i>Babylon</i>, et toto regnat in orbe</p> + <p class="i2">Sub vario primum nomine robur habens.</p> + <p>Ostentat <i>muros</i>, jactat sublimia <i>tecta</i></p> + <p class="i2">De <i>fundamento</i> quis metus esse potest?</p> + <p>Ni Deus hanc igitur molem disjecerit ipse</p> + <p class="i2">Humano nunquam Marte vel arte ruet."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Przipcovius was a Polish knight, and cotempory the author of + <i>Hudibras</i>. In a tract entitled <i>Religio Vindicata a Calumniis + Atheismi</i>, he thus alludes to the spiritual Quixotism which induced + Butler to "crack the satiric thong:"</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Sæpe audivi quod in <i>Angliâ</i> (quæ regio sicut in multis aliis + rebus, sic præcipue in religionibus totius mundi compendium est) de + ejusmodi fanaticis perhibetur, quod ita sui suarumque irrationabilium + opinionum sint amantes, ut audeant propter eas divinam Providentiam + angustis Ecclesiarum suarum (quæ ex angustis cujuslibet Penatibus + constant) terminis circumscribere.... Et quemadmodum omnes isti miseri + aperte delirant, præcipue ii quos zeli æstus eousque deducit, ut tanquam + bacchantes aut cerriti per plateas, domos, templa, absque ullo ordine et + respectu cursitantes concionentur, et interdum <i>anseres, equos, vel + oves</i> (cujus rei ibi satis frequentia exempla occurrunt) dum eis + homines aures præbere nolunt, ad suas opiniones convertere tentent."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">R. PRICE.</p> + + <p>Cheam.</p> + + <p><i>MSS. of Locke</i> (Vol. i., pp. 401. 462.).—In reply to a + question in "NOTES AND QUERIES," I may state, that the address of the son + of the late Dr. Hancock, is George H., Park Grove, Birkenhead; and he + will furnish information relative to the MSS. of Locke.</p> + + <p class="author">AN INTENDED READER.</p> + + <p><i>Sir William Grant</i> (Vol. ii., p. 397.).—Your correspondent + R. says that "<i>Sir William Grant</i>" was one of the few Scotchmen who + had freed himself from the peculiarities of the speech of his country. + Frank Horner is another." If R. means to include the <i>Scottish + accent</i>, he is mistaken as to Sir William Grant, who retained a strong + Scottish <i>burr</i>. If he means only correctness of diction, then I + should say the number was not <i>few</i>. Mackintosh's and Jeffery's + English was, I think, quite as pure as Horner's; and Lord Brougham, with + much idiosyncrasy, had no <i>Scotch peculiarities</i>, at + least—<i>me judice</i>—infinitely less than Sir William + Grant. I could name twenty members of the present houses of parliament in + whom I have never detected any "Scotch peculiarity."</p> + + <p class="author">C.</p> + + <p><i>Tristan d'Acunha</i> (Vol. ii., p. 358.).—The island is + noticed, but briefly, in p. 54. of the first volume of Perouse's + <i>Voyage round the World</i>, Lond. 1799. It is there stated that a + tolerably minute account of it is contained in <i>Le Neptune + Oriental</i>, by D'Apres (or Apres de Manvilette). This work was + published in Paris, 1775, in two volumes, large folio.</p> + + <p class="author">C.I.R.</p> + + <p><i>Arabic Numerals</i> (Vol.ii., pp. 27. 61. 339.).— In a work + in Arabic, by Ahmad ben Abubekr bin Wahshih, on Ancient Alphabets, + published in the original, and accompanied with an English translation, + by Von Hammer, your correspondent on the subject of Arabic numerals will + find that these numerals were not invented as arbitrary signs, and + borrowed for various alphabets; but that they are actually taken from an + Indian alphabet of nine characters, the remaining letters being made up + at each decimal by repeating the nine characters, with one or two dots. + The English Preface states that this alphabet is still in use in India, + not merely as a representative of numbers, but of letters of native + language. The book is a neat quarto, printed in London in 1806; and the + alphabet occurs in page 7. of the Arabic original.</p> + + <p class="author">E.C.H.</p> + + <p>Athenæum.</p> + + <p><i>Luther's Hymns</i> (Vol. ii., p. 327.).—If F.Q. will turn to + Mr. Palmer's <i>Origines Liturgicæ</i>, vol. ii. p. 238. 4th edit., he + will find that the sentence in the Burial Service, "In the midst of life + we are in death," &c., is taken from the <i>Salisbury Breviary + Psalter</i>. The Salisbury Use was drawn up by Bishop Osmund in the + eleventh century.</p> + + <p class="author">N.E.R. (a Subscriber.)</p> + + <p><i>Bolton's Ace.</i>—What is the meaning of "<i>Bolton's + Ace</i>," in the following passage in the address to the reader prefixed + to Henry Hutton's <i>Follies Anatomie</i>, 8vo. Lond. 1618? It is passed + over by DR. RIMBAULT in his reprint of the work for the Percy Society in + 1842:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Could ye attacke this felon in's disgrace,</p> + <p>I would not bate an inch (not <i>Bolton's ace</i>)</p> + <p>To baite, deride, nay, ride this silly asse."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">J. CT.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>["<i>Bate me an ace quoth Bolton</i>" is an old proverb of unknown + origin. Ray tells us that a <i>Collection of Proverbs</i> having been + presented to Queen Elizabeth, with an assurance that it contained all the + proverbs in the English language. "Bate me an ace, quoth Bolton," said + the queen, implying that the assertion was too strong; and, in fact, that + every proverb was not in the collection. See Nares' <i>Glossary</i>, who + quotes the following epigram by H.P., to show the collection referred + to</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i6">"<i>Secundæ Cogitutiones meliores.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"A pamphlet was of proverbs penned by Polton,</p> + <p class="i2">Wherein he thought all sorts included were;</p> + <p>Untill one told him <i>Bate m' an ace quoth Bolton</i>,</p> + <p class="i2">'Indeed,' said he, 'that proverb is not there.'"]</p> + </div> + </div> +</div> + + <p><i>Hopkins the Witchfinder</i> (Vol. ii., p. 392.).—If the + inquiry of CLERICUS relates to Mathew Hopkins the witchfinder general, + my friend W.S. Fitch of Ipswich has some manuscript account of his + residence in that town, as a lawyer of but little <!-- Page 414 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page414" id="page414"></a>{414}</span> note, and + his removal to Manningtree, in Essex; but whether it gives any further + particulars of him I am unable to state, as I have not seen the + manuscript.</p> + + <p class="author">J. CLARKE.</p> + + <p><i>Sir Richard Steel</i> (Vol. ii., p.375.).—The death and + burial-place of Sir Richard Steel is thus noticed in Cibber's <i>Lives of + the Poets</i>, vol. iv. p.120.:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Some years before his death he grew paralytic, and retired to his + seat at Langunnor, near Caermarthen, in Wales, where he died, September + 1st, 1729, and was privately interred, according to his own desire, in + the church of Caermarthen."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">J.V.R.W.</p> + + <p><i>Ale-draper</i> (Vol. ii., p.310.).—A common designation for + an ale-house keeper in the sixteenth century. Henry Chettle, in his very + curious little publication, <i>Kind-Harts Dreame</i>, 1592 (edited for + the Percy Society by your humble servant), has the following passage:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"I came up to London, and fall to be some tapster, hostler, or + chamberlaine in an inn. Well, I get mee a wife; with her a little money; + when we are married, seeke a house we must; no other occupation have I + but to be an <i>ale-draper</i>." (P. 37. of reprint.)</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Again, in the same tract, the author speaks of "two milch maydens that + had set up a shoppe of "<i>ale-drapery</i>."</p> + + <p>In the <i>Discoverie of the Knights of the Poste</i>, 1597, is another + notice of the same occupation:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"So that now hee hath left brokery, and is become a draper. A draper, + quoth Freeman, what draper—of woollin or linnen? No, qd. he, an + <i>ale-draper</i>, wherein he hath more skil then in the other."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Probably these instances of the use of the term may be sufficient for + your correspondent.</p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + + <p>P.S. The above was written before J.S.W.'s note appeared (Vol. ii., p. + 360.), which does not carry the use of this term further back than + Bailey's <i>Dictionary</i>.</p> + + <p><i>George Herbert</i> (Vol. ii., p. 103.) was buried under the + communion table at Bemerton, but there is no monument to his memory. The + adornment of his little church would be one of the most fitting offerings + to his memory. It is painful to contrast the whitewash and unpainted deal + of the house of God with the rich furniture and hangings of the adjoining + rectory. In the garden of the latter is preserved a medlar-tree, planted + by "the sweet singer of the temple."</p> + + <p class="author">J.W.H.</p> + + <p><i>Notaries Public</i> (Vol. ii., p. 393.).—Why does your + correspondent MANLEIUS think this form of expression "putting the cart + before the horse?" <i>Public notary</i> (though that phrase is sometimes + erroneously used) is not so exact as "notary public;" for a notary is + not, as the first form would imply, a public officer appointed by the + public to perform public services, but an individual agent through whose + ministry private acts or instruments become <i>publici juris</i>. The + same form, and for analogous reasons, prevails in several other legal and + technical titles or phrases, as Attorney-General, Solicitor-General, + Accountant-General, Receiver-General, Surveyor-General; Advocate Fiscal; + Theatre Royal, Chapel Royal; Gazette Extraordinary; and many other + phrases in which it is evident that the adjective has a special and + restricted meaning.</p> + + <p class="author">C.</p> + + <p><i>Tobacconists</i> (Vol. ii, p. 393.).—There was, in the old + house of commons, a room called the <i>smoking-room</i>, where members + tired of the debate used to retire to smoke, and in later years to drink + tea or write letters. These, no doubt, were meant by the + <i>Tobacconists</i>, members within call, though not actually within the + house.</p> + + <p class="author">C.</p> + + <p><i>Vineyards</i> (Vol. ii., p. 392.).—In answer to CLERICUS, I + beg to say that there is a piece of land called the Vineyards situated in + the warm and sheltered valley of Claverton, about two miles from Bath: it + formerly belonged to the Abbey of Bath.</p> + + <p>There is also in the suburbs, on the north side of the city of Bath, a + <i>street</i> called the Vineyards; but I do not know that this ever + belonged to the Abbey.</p> + + <p class="author">G. FALKNER.</p> + + <p>Devizes.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>MISCELLANEOUS.</h2> + +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> + + <p>Those who know Mr. Craik's happy tact for seizing on the more striking + points of a character or an incident, his acquaintance with our national + history and biography, his love of research, and perseverance in + following up a clue, were prepared to expect both instruction and + amusement from his <i>Romance of the Peerage</i>. Nor were they doomed to + disappointment. Each succeeding volume has added to the interest of the + work and there can be little doubt, that the favour with which the first + three volumes have been received by the reading world, will be extended + to the one now published, and which concludes the first series, or main + division of Mr. Craik's projected work.</p> + + <p>Our space will permit us to do little more than specify its principal + contents; but when we state that in the present volume Mr. Craik treats + of the <i>great</i> Earl of Cork and the Boyles; of the founders of the + Fermor, Bouverie, Osborne, and Bamfylde families; that he gives us with + great completeness the history of Anne Clifford, the most remarkable + woman of her time; that he furnishes pleasant gossipping pictures of the + rise of the families of Fox, Phips, and Petty; the history of the + celebrated claim of the Trunkmaker to the honours of the + Percies,—of the story of the heiress of the Percies who married Tom + Thynn of Longleat Hall; and lastly, that of Ann of Buccleugh, <!-- Page + 415 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page415" + id="page415"></a>{415}</span> the widow of the unfortunate Monmouth, we + shall have done more than enough to make our readers wish to share the + pleasure we have derived from turning over Mr. Craik's amusing pages.</p> + + <p>Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will sell on Monday next, and two + following days, a valuable collection of books, chiefly the property of a + gentleman deceased, among which we may specify <i>la Vie Saint Germain + L'Auxerrois</i> (lettres gothèques), printed on vellum, and quite unique; + no other copy even on paper being known.</p> + + <p>We have received the following Catalogues:— Williams and + Norgate's (14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden) German Book Circular, a + Quarterly List of New Publications, No. 26.; John Russell Smith's (4. Old + Compton Street, Soho) Catalogue No. 1. for 1851 of an extensive + Collection of Choice, Useful, and Curious Books in most Classes of + Literature, English and Foreign.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> + + <p>BACON'S ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING, interpreted by WATS, Oxford, 1621, + 1640, folio.</p> + + <p>STUART'S ATHENS. First Edition. Vols. IV. and V.</p> + + <p>SUPPLEMENT TO BERRY'S HERALDRY.</p> + + <p>SPECIMEN HISTORIÆ ARABUM, by POCOCK.</p> + + <p>LA ROQUE, VOYAGE DANS LA PALESTINE.</p> + + <p>ABULFARAQ HIST. DYNAST.</p> + + <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage + free</i>, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. + Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3> + + <p>G.W.<i>'s Query was in type before we received his unbecoming + letter,—the terms of which both forbid our asking the name of the + writer, or giving him that satisfactory explanation which we could + furnish as to the delay in the insertion of his communication. As the + first letter of the kind we have ever received, we should certainly have + printed it, but for our regard for personal friends who belong to the + same body as G.W., and whose names he can have no difficulty in + discovering in the list of our distinguished contributors.</i></p> + + <p><i>We are compelled by want of space to omit many</i> NOTES, QUERIES, + REPLIES, <i>and articles of</i> FOLK-LORE.</p> + + <p><i>Volume the First of</i> "NOTES AND QUERIES," <i>with very copious + Index, price</i> 9s. 6d. <i>bound in cloth, may still be had by order of + all Booksellers.</i></p> + + <p><i>The Monthly Part for October, being the Fifth of</i> Vol. II., + <i>is also now ready, price</i> 1s. 3d.</p> + + <p>NOTES AND QUERIES <i>may be procured by the Trade at noon on Friday; + so that our country Subscribers ought to experience no difficulty in + receiving it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers are probably not + yet aware of this arrangement, which enables them to receive Copies in + their Saturday parcels.</i></p> + +<blockquote> + <p><i>Errata</i>—P. 391. col. 1. line 46, for "v<i>e</i>riis + circum<i>d</i>ant" read "v<i>a</i>riis circum<i>st</i>ant;" l. 47., for + "ante<i>s</i>olat" read "ante<i>v</i>olat;" and l. 48., for "ne<i>c</i>" + read "ne."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="adverts" /> + + <p>JOURNAL FRANCAIS, publié à Londres.—Le COURRIER de l'EUROPE, + fondé en 1840, paraissant le Samedi, donne dans chaque numéro les + nouvelles de la semaine, les meilleurs articles de tous les journaux de + Paris, la Semaine Dramanque par Th. Gautier ou J. Jauin, la Révue de + Paris par Pierre Durand, et reprodrit en entier les romans, nouvelles, + etc,. en vogue par les premiers ecrivains de France. Prix 6d.</p> + + <p>London: JOSEPH THOMAS, 1. Finch Lane.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>PIETAS METRICA: or, Nature Suggestive of God and Godliness. By the + Brothers Theophilus and Theophylact. Fcap. 8vo. cloth. Price 3s. 6d.</p> + + <p>"They possess great sweetness combined with deep devotional + feeling."—<i>John Bull.</i></p> + + <p>London: J. MASTERS, Aldersgate and New Bond Streets.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>Just published, Part X., price 9<i>s.</i> plain; 10<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i> tinted; proofs, large paper, 12<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE CHURCHES of the MIDDLE AGES: or, Select Specimens of Early and + Middle Pointed Structures, with a few of the purest Late Pointed + Examples; Illustrated by Geometric and Perspective Drawings. By HENRY + BOUMAN and JOSEPH S. CROWTHER, Architects, Manchester.</p> + + <p>To be completed in Twenty Parts, each containing Six Plates, Imperial + folio. Issued at intervals of Two Months.</p> + + <p>"We can hardly conceive anything more perfect. We heartily recommend + this series to all who are able to patronise it." + —<i>Ecclesiologist.</i></p> + + <p>London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>Just published, New Edition, Two Vols. fcp. 8vo., price 10<i>s.</i> + clothe; or Two Vols. in One, 17<i>s.</i> morocco. 14<i>s.</i> calf + antique.</p> + + <p>THE CHRISTIAN TAUGHT BY THE CHURCH'S SERVICES.</p> + + <p>Edited by WALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D., Vicar of Leeds.</p> + + <p>Leeds: RICHARD SLOCOMBE. London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL SHAKSPERE, NATIONAL EDITION.</p> + + <p>Published in Fortnightly Parts, price 1<i>s.</i> each, And Monthly + Sections, price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each.</p> + + <p>Part III., containing "Love's Labour's Lost," is published this day, + Saturday.</p> + + <p>The Monthly Section is published on the 1st of every Month.</p> + + <p>LONDON: CHARLES KNIGHT, 90. FLEET STREET.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>KNIGHT'S CYCLOPÆDIA OF THE INDUSTRY OF ALL NATIONS.</p> + + <p>Number III., price Twopence, is published this day, Saturday. The + Monthly Part, Ninepence, on the 1st of the Month.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>KNIGHT'S CYCLOPÆDIA OF LONDON.</p> + + <p>Number III., price Twopence, is published this day, Saturday. The + Monthly Part, Ninepence, on the 1st of the Month</p> + + <p>LONDON: CHARLES KNIGHT, 90. FLEET STREET.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>THE BRITISH ALMANAC AND COMPANION.</p> + + <p>For 1851, November 21st instant.</p> + + <p>LONDON: CHARLES KNIGHT, 90. FLEET STREET.</p> + + <p>And sold by all Booksellers in Town and Country; on application to + whom may be obtained Descriptive Catalogue of the Publications issued by + CHARLES KNIGHT. <!-- Page 416 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page416" + id="page416"></a>{416}</span></p> + + <p>MR. PARKER <i>has recently published:</i>—</p> + + <p>A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN GRECIAN, ROMAN, ITALIAN, AND GOTHIC + ARCHITECTURE. Exemplified by upwards of Eighteen Hundred Illustrations, + drawn from the best examples. Fifth Edition, 3 vols. 8vo. cloth, gilt + tops, 2<i>l.</i> 8<i>s.</i></p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Since the year 1836, in which this work first appeared, no fewer than + four large editions have been exhausted. The fifth edition is now before + us, and we have no doubt will meet, as it deserves, the same extended + patronage and success. The text has been considerably augmented by the + enlargement of many of the old articles, as well as by the addition of + many new ones among which Professor Willis has embodied great part of his + Architectural Nomenclature of the Middle Ages the number of woodcuts has + been increased from 1100 to above 1700 and the work its present form is, + we believe, unequalled in the architectural literature of Europe for the + amount of accurate information it furnishes, and the beauty of its + illustrations."—<i>Notes and Queries.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. BY JOHN HENRY + PARKER, F.S.A. 16mo. with numerous Illustrations. Price 4<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>THE PRIMEVAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND AND DENMARK COMPARED. BY J. J. A. + WORSAAE, Member of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Copenhagen, and by + WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden Society. With numerous + Illustrations. 8vo. 10<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>RICKMAN'S GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. An Attempt to discriminate the + different Styles of Architecture in England, By the late THOMAS RICKMAN, + F.S.A. With 30 Engravings on Steel by Le Keux, &c., and 465 on Wood, + of the best examples, from Original Drawings by F. Mackenzie, O. Jewitt, + and P. H. Delamotte. Fifth Edition. 8vo. 21<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE ECCLESIASTICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL TOPOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND. Vol. I. + DIOCESE OF OXFORD. 8vo. cloth, 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>AN INQUIRY INTO THE DIFFERENCE OF STYLE OBSERVABLE IN ANCIENT PAINTED + GLASS, With Hints on Glass Painting, Illustrated by numerous coloured + Plates from Ancient Examples. By an Amateur. 2 vols. 8vo. 1<i>l.</i> + 10<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>A BOOK OF ORNAMENTAL GLAZING QUARRIES, Collected and arranged from + Ancient Examples, BY AUGUSTUS WOLLASTON FRANKS, B.A. With 112 Coloured + Examples. 8vo. 16<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>A MANUAL FOR THE STUDY OF MONUMENTAL BRASSES, With a Descriptive + Catalogue of 450 "RUBBINGS," in the possession of the Oxford + Architectural Society, Topographical and Heraldic Indices, &c. With + numerous Illustrations, 8vo. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>A MANUAL FOR THE STUDY OF SEPULCHRAL SLABS AND CROSSES OF THE MIDDLE + AGES. By the Rev. EDWARD L. CUTTS, B.A. 8vo., illustrated by upwards of + 300 engravings, 12<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE CROSS AND THE SERPENT. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 55, November 16, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 1, 2005 [EBook #15216] +[Date last updated: June 5, 2005] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon Ingram, Keith +Edkins and the Online PG Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + + +{401} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 55.] +SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 16. 1850. +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- + Authorship of "Henry VIII." by Samuel Hickson 401 + On Authors and Books, No. IX., by Bolton Corney 403 + Notes on the Second Edition of Mr. Cunningham's + Handbook of London, by E.F. Rimbault 404 + Folk-lore:--Laying a Ghost--A Test of Witchcraft 404 + Minor Notes:--Quin's incoherent Story--Touchstone's + Dial--America and Tartary--A Deck of Cards--Time + when Herodotus wrote--"Dat veniuam corvis." + &c. 405 + + QUERIES:-- + Dryden's "Absalom and Achitophel" 406 + Minor Queries:--The Widow of the Wood--Edward + the Confessor's Crucifix and Gold Chain--Cardinal + Erskine--Thomas Regiolapidensis--"Her Brow was + fair"--Hoods worn by Doctors of Divinity of Aberdeen--Irish + Brigade--Doctrine of immaculate Conception--Gospel + Oak Tree at Kentish Town--Arminian + Nunnery in Huntingdonshire--Ruding's + annotated Langbaine--Mrs. Tempest--Sitting + cross-legged--Twickenham: + Did Elizabeth visit Bacon + there?--Burial towards the West--Medal struck by + Charles XII.--National Debt--Midwives licensed 406 + + REPLIES:-- + The Black Rood of Scotland 409 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Haemony--Byron's Birthplace--Modena + Family--Nicholas Breton's Fantasticks--Gaudentio + di Lucca--Weights for weighing + Coins--Mrs. Partington--The East-Anglican Word + "Mauther"--Cheshire Cat--"Thompson of Esholt"--Minar's + Book of Antiquities--Croziers and Pastoral + Staves--Socinian Boast--MSS. of Locke--Sir Wm. + Grant--Tristan d'Acunha--Arabic Numerals--Luther's + Hymns--Bolton's Ace--Hopkins the + Witchfinder--Sir Richard Steel--Ale-draper--George + Herbert--Notaries Public--Tobacconists--Vineyards 410 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 414 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted 415 + Notices to Correspondents 415 + Advertisements 415 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +AUTHORSHIP OF "HENRY VIII." + +In returning to the question of the authorship of _Henry VIII._, I am +anxious to remove a misconception under which MR. SPEDDING appears to +labour relative to the purport of a remark I made in my last communication +to you (Vol. ii., p. 198.) on this subject. As we appear to be perfectly +agreed as to the reasons for assigning a considerable portion of this play +to Fletcher, and as upon this basis we have each worked out a result that +so exactly coincides with the other, I conclude that MR. SPEDDING, as well +as myself, has rested his theory solely on positive grounds; that is, that +he imagines there is strong internal evidence in favour of all that he +ascribes to this writer. It follows, therefore that the "third hand" which +he thought he detected must be sought rather in what remained to +Shakspeare, than in that which had been already taken from him. I never for +an instant doubted that this was MR. SPEDDING's view; but the inequality +which I supposed he had observed and accounted for in this way, I was +disposed to refer to a mode of composition that must needs have been +troublesome to Shakspeare. The fact is, that, with one or two exceptions, +the scenes contributed by the latter are more _tamely_ written than any but +the earliest among his works; and these, different as they are, they +recalled to my mind. But I have no doubt whatever that these scenes were +all written about the same time; my feeling being, that after the opening +Shakspeare ceased to feel any great interest in the work. Fletcher, on the +other hand, would appear to have made a very great effort; and though some +portions of the work I ascribe to him are tedious and overlaboured, no +censure would weigh very strongly against the fact, that for more than two +centuries they have been _applauded_ as the work of Shakspeare. + +As to the circumstances under which _Henry VIII._ was composed, it is an +exceedingly difficult question; and if I venture, on the present occasion, +to give the impression upon my mind, I do so, reserving to myself the full +right to change my opinion whenever I shall have acquired more knowledge of +the subject, or, from any other motive, shall see fit to do it. I consider +this case, then, as one of joint authorship; in point of time not much +later than the _Two Noble Kinsmen_, and in other respects similar to that +play. If the conclusions of the article in the _Westminster Review_, to +which MR. SPEDDING alludes, be accepted, the writer of the introductory +notice to _Henry VIII._ in the _Illustrated Shakspeare_, published by Tyas, +will recognise the "reverent disciple" whom he hints at, but does not name. +In short, I think that {402} Fletcher was the pupil of Shakspeare; and this +view, it appears to me, demands the serious attention of the biographer who +next may study or speculate upon the great poet's life. + +I don't know that I can add anything to MR. SPEDDING'S able analysis of +_Henry VIII._ There are certain _tricks_ of expression he, no doubt, has +observed that characterise Fletcher's style, and which abound in the play. +It might be useful to make notes of these; and, at some future time, I may +send you a selection. I now beg to send you the following extracts, made +some time ago, showing the doubts entertained by previous writers on the +subject:-- + + "Though it is very difficult to decide whether short pieces be genuine + or spurious, yet I cannot restrain myself from expressing my suspicion + that neither the prologue nor epilogue to this play is the work of + Shakspeare. It appears to me very likely that they were supplied by the + friendship or officiousness of Jonson, whose manner they will be + _perhaps found exactly_ to resemble."--_Johnson._ + + "Play revived in 1613." "Prologue and epilogue added by Jonson or some + other person."--_Malone._ + + "I entirely agree with Dr. Johnson, that Ben Jonson wrote the prologue + and epilogue to this play. Shakspeare had a little before assisted him + in his _Sejanus_.... I think I now and then perceive his hand in the + dialogue."--_Farmer._ + + "That Jonson was the author of the prologue and epilogue to this play + has been controverted by Mr. Gifford. That they were not the + composition of Shakspeare himself is, I think, clear from internal + evidence."--_Boswell._ + + "I entirely agree with Dr. Johnson with respect to the time when these + additional lines were inserted.... I suspect they were added in 1613, + after Shakspeare had quitted the stage, by that hand which tampered + with the other parts of the play so much as to have rendered the + versification of it of a different colour from all the other plays of + Shakspeare."--_Malone._ + + "If the reviver of this play (or tamperer with it, as he is called by + Mr. Malone) had so much influence over its numbers as to have entirely + changed their texture, he must be supposed to have new-woven the + substance of the whole piece; a fact almost incredible."--_Steevens._ + + The double character of Wolsey drawn by Queen Katherine and her + attendant, is a piece of vigorous writing of which any other author but + Shakspeare might have been proud; and the celebrated farewell of the + Cardinal, with his exhortation to Cromwell, only wants that quickening, + that vital something which the poet could have breathed into it, to be + truly and almost incomparably great. + + "Our own conviction is that Shakspeare wrote a portion only of this + play. + + "It cannot for a moment be supposed that any alteration of Shakspeare's + text would be necessary, or would be allowed; as little is it to be + supposed that Shakspeare would commence a play in his old-accustomed, + various, and unequalled verse, and finish it in the easy, but somewhat + lax and familiar, though not inharmonious numbers of a reverent + disciple."--_Tyas's Shakspeare_, vol. iii. p. 441. + +At the same time I made the following notes from Coleridge:-- + + "Classification, 1802. + 3rd Epoch. Henry VIII. Gelegenheitsgedicht. + + Classification, 1819. + 3rd Epoch. Henry VIII., a sort of historical masque, or show-play." + + "It (the historical drama) must likewise be poetical; that only, I + mean, must be taken which is the permanent in our nature, which is + common, and therefore deeply interesting to all ages."--_Lit. Rem._, + vol. ii. p.160. + +What is said in this last extract might be applied (as Coleridge, I feel no +doubt, had he gone one step farther into the subject, would have applied +it) to the Shakspearian drama generally; and tried by this test _Henry +VIII._ must certainly be found wanting. + +Before I conclude I am anxious to make an observation with regard to the +extract from Mr. Emerson's _Representative Men_ (vol. ii. p. 307.). The +essay from which this is taken, I presume to be the same, in a printed +form, as a lecture which I heard that gentleman deliver. With abundant +powers to form a judgment for himself, I should say that his mind had never +been directed to questions of this nature. Accident, perhaps, had drawn his +attention to the style of _Henry VIII._; but, with reference to the general +subject, he had received implicitly and unquestioned the conclusions of +authorities who have represented Shakspeare as the greatest borrower, +plagiarist, and imitator that all time has brought forth. This, however, +did not shake his faith in the poet's greatness; and to reconcile what to +some would appear contradictory positions, he proposes the fact, I might +say the truism, that the greatest man is not the most original, but the +"most indebted" man. This, in the sense in which it is true, is saying no +more than that the educated man is better than the savage; but, in the +apologetic sense intended, it is equivalent to affirming that the greatest +thief is the most respectable man. Confident in this morality, he assumes a +previous play to Shakspeare's; but it appears to me that he relies too much +upon the "cadence" of the lines: otherwise I could not account for his +_selecting_ as an "autograph" a scene that, to my mind, bears +"unmistakeable traits" of Fletcher's hand, and that, by whomsoever written, +is about the weakest in the whole play. + +It is a branch of the subject which I have not yet fully considered; but +MR. SPEDDING will observe that the view I take does not interfere with the +supposition that Fletcher revised the play, {403} with additions for its +revival in 1613; a task for the performance of which he would probably have +the consent of his early master. + +SAMUEL HICKSON. + + * * * * * + +ON AUTHORS AND BOOKS, NO. IX. + +_Eustache Deschamps._ Except in the two centuries next after the conquest, +contemporaneous French notices of early English writers seem to be of +rather infrequent occurrence. + +On this account, and on other accounts, the ballad addressed to Geoffrey +Chaucer by Eustache Deschamps deserves repetition. Its text requires to be +established, in order that we may be aware of its real obscurities--for no +future memoir of Chaucer can be considered as complete, without some +reference to it. + +The best authorities on Eustache Deschamps are MM. Crapelet, Raynouard, and +Paulin Paris. To M. Crapelet we are indebted for the publication of +_Poesies morales et historiques d'Eustache Deschamps_; to M. Raynouard, for +an able review of the volume in the _Journal des Savants_; and to M. Paulin +Paris, for an account of the manuscript in which the numerous productions +of the author are preserved. Of the author himself, the learned M. Paris +thus writes:-- + + "On pourroit surnommer Eustache Deschamps le Rutebeuf du XIVe + siecle.--Ses oeuvres comprennent des epitres, des discours en prose, + des jeux dramatiques, des ouvrages latins, des apologues, un grand + poeme moral, et un infinite de ballades et rondeaux pieux, bouffons, + satiriques," &c. + +Two impressions of the ballad in question are before me; one, in the _Life +of Geoffrey Chaucer by sir Harris Nicholas_, dated 1843--and the other in a +volume entitled _Geoffrey Chaucer, poete anglais du XIVe siecle. Analyses +et Fragments par H. Gomont_, Paris, 1847.--I transcribe the ballad from the +latter volume, as less accessible to English students:-- + + "BALLADE INEDITE ADRESSEE A GEOFFREY + CHAUCER PAR EUSTACHE DESCHAMPS. + + O Socrates, plains de philosophie, + Seneque en meurs et _Anglais_ en pratique, + _Oui des grans_ en ta poeterie, + Bries en parler, saiges en rethorique, + _Virgiles_ tres haulz qui, par ta theorique, + Enlumines le regne d'Eneas, + Lisle aux geans, ceuls du Bruth, et qui as + Seme les fleurs et plante le rosier, + Aux ignorants, de la langue pandras + Grant translateur, noble Geffroy Chaucier. + + Tu es d'amours mondains Dieux en Albie, + Et de la rose en la terre angelique, + Qui _d'Angela_ Saxonne et (est) puis flourie + Angleterre (d'elle ce nom s'applique). + + Le derrenier en l'ethimologique + En bon angles le livre translatas; + Et un Vergier, ou du plant demandas + De ceuls qui _sont_ pour eulx auctorisier, + _A ja_ long teams que tu edifias, + Grant tranlslateur noble Geffroy Chaucier. + + A toy, pour ce, de la fontaine Helye + Requier avoir un _buvraige_ autentique + Dont la doys est du tout en ta baillie, + Pour _rafrener_ d'elle ma _soif_ ethique + _Qui men_ gaule seray paralitique + Jusques a ce que tu m'abuveras. + Eustaces sui qui de mon plant aras; + Mais pran en gre les euvres d'escolier + Que par Clifford de moy Bavoir pourras, + Grant translateur noble Geffroy Chaucier. + + L'ENVOY. + + Poete hauls loenge destynie + _En_ ton jardin ne seroie qu'ortie + Considere ce que j'ai dit premier + Ton noble plant, ta douce melodie + Mais pour savoir de rescripre te prie, + Grant translateur noble Geoffroy Chaucier." + +The new readings are in Italics, and I shall now repeat them with the +corresponding words as printed by sir Harris Nicolas:-- + + "Anglais=angles; Oui des grans=Ovides grans; Virgiles=Aigles; + d'Angela=dangels; sont=font; A ja=N'a pas; buvraige=ouvrage; + rafrener=rafrecir; soif=soix; Qui men=Qu'en ma; En=Et." + +After such an exhibition of various readings, arising out of only two +copies of the same manuscript, it is evident that a re-collation of it is +very desirable, and I am sure the result would be thankfully received by +the numerous admirers of Chaucer. + +BOLTON CORNEY. + +_Eustache Deschamps_ (Vol. ii., p. 376.).--J.M.B. is desirous of learning +some particulars of this French poet, contemporaneous with Chaucer. He will +find a brief notice of him in the _Recueil de Chants Historiques Francais, +depuis le XIIeme jusqu'au XVIIIeme Siecle_, by Le Roux de Lincy (2 vols. +Paris, 1841, Libraire de Charles Espelin). He is there described as, + + "Ecuyer et huissier d'armes des rois Charles V. et Charles VI., qui + resta toujours fidele a la maison de France;" + +And the editor adds: + + "Les oeuvres d'Eustache Deschamps contiennent pour l'histoire du XIVeme + siecle des renseignemens precieux; on peut y recueillir des faits + politiques qui ne sont pas sans importance, mais on y trouve en plus + grand nombre des details precieux sur les moeurs, les usages, et les + coutumes de cette epoque." + +His poems were published for the first time in one vol. 8vo., in 1832, by +M. Crapelet, with this title: {404} + + "Poesies morales et historiques d'Eustache Deschamps, ecuyer, huissier + d'armes des rois Charles V. et Charles VI., chatelain de Fismes et + bailli de Senlis." + +As regards the "_genuineness_" of the poem cited, I am inclined, with +J.M.B., to think that it admits of question, the orthography savouring more +of the end of the fifteenth than of the close of the fourteenth century. I +am sorry not to be able to explain the meaning of "_la langue Pandras_." + +D.C. + + * * * * * + +NOTES ON THE SECOND EDITION OF MR. CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK OF LONDON. + +21. _New Tunbridge Wells, at Islington._--This fashionable morning lounge +of the nobility and gentry during the early part of the eighteenth century, +is omitted by Mr. Cunningham. There is a capital view of it in Bickham's +_Musical Entertainer_, 1737: + + "These once beautiful tea-gardens (we remember them as such) were + formerly in high repute. In 1733 their Royal Highnesses the Princesses + Amelia and Caroline frequented them in the summer time for the purpose + of drinking the waters. They have furnished a subject for pamphlets, + poems, plays, songs, and medical treatises, by Ned Ward, George Colman + the older, Bickham, Dr. Hugh Smith, &c. Nothing now remains of them but + the original chalybeate spring, which is still preserved in an obscure + nook, amidst a poverty-stricken and squalid rookery of misery and + vice."--George Daniel's _Merrie England in the Olden Time_, vol. i. p. + 31. + +22. _London Spa_ (from which Spa Fields derives its name) dates as far back +as 1206. In the eighteenth century, it was a celebrated place of amusement. +There is a curious view of "London Spaw" in a rare pamphlet entitled +_May-Day, or, The Original of Garlands_. Printed for J. Roberts, 1720, 8vo. + +23. _Spring Gardens._--Cox's Museum is described in the printed catalogue +of 1774, as being in "Spring Gardens." In the same year a small volume was +published containing _A Collection of various Extracts in Prose and Verse +relative to Cox's Museum_. + +24. _The Pantheon in Spa Fields._--This place of amusement was opened in +1770 for the sale of tea, coffee, wine, punch, &c. It had an organ, and a +spacious promenade and galleries. In 1780 it was converted into a +lay-chapel by the Countess of Huntingdon, and is now known as _Northampton_ +or _Spa Fields Chapel_. Mr. Cunningham speaks of the burying-ground +(originally the garden), but singularly enough omits to notice the chapel. + +25. _Baldwin's Gardens_, running between Leather Lane and Gray's Inn Lane, +were, according to a stone which till lately was to have been seen against +a corner house, bearing the arms of Queen Elizabeth, named after _Richard +Baldwin_, one of the royal gardeners, who began building here in 1589. + +26. _Rathbone Place._--In an old print (now before me) dated 1722, this +street is called "_Rawbone Place_." The Percy coffee-house is still in +existence. + +27. _Surrey Institution, Blackfriars Road._--This building was originally +erected, and for some years appropriated to the _Leverian Museum_. This +magnificent museum of natural history was founded by Sir Ashton Lever, who +died in 1788. It was afterwards disposed of by way of lottery, and won by +Mr. James Parkinson, who transferred it from Leicester Place to the Surrey +side of Blackfriars bridge. + +28. _Schomberg House, Pall Mall_, (now, I believe, about to be pulled +down), was once the residence of that celebrated "quack" Dr. Graham. Here, +in 1783, he erected his _Temple of Health_. He afterwards removed to Panton +Street, Haymarket, where he first exhibited his _Earth Bath_. I do not find +any mention of Graham in Mr. Cunningham's book. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Laying a Ghost._--Frequent mention is made of the laying of ghosts, and in +many localities the tradition of such an event is extant. At Cumnor, Lady +Dudley (Amy Robsart's) ghost is said to have been laid by nine Oxford +parsons, and the tradition is still preserved by the villagers; but nowhere +have I been able to ascertain what was the ceremony on such an occasion. + +Is anything known on the subject? + +A.D.B. + +Abingdon, Nov. 1850. + +_A Test of Witchcraft._--Among the many tests applied for the discovery of +witchcraft was the following. It is, I believe, a singular instance, and +but little known to the public. It was resorted to as recently as 1759, and +may be found in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ of that year. + + "One _Susannah Hannokes_, an elderly woman of Wingrove, near + Ayleshbury, was accused by a neighbour for bewitching her + spinning-wheel, so that she could not make it go round, and offered to + make oath of it before a majistrate; on which the husband, to justify + his wife, insisted upon her being tried by the Church Bible, and that + the accuser should be present: accordingly she was conducted to the + parish church, where she was stript of all her cloathes to her shift + and undercoat, and weighed against the Bible; when, to the no small + mortification of her accuser, she outweighed it, and was honorably + acquitted of the charge." + +A.D.N. + +Abingdon, Nov. 1850. + + * * * * * {405} + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Quin's incoherent Story._--The comic story of Sir Gammer Vans (Vol. ii., +p. 280.) reminds me of an anecdote related of Quin, who is said to have +betted Foote a wager that he would speak some nonsense which Foote could +not repeat off-hand after him. Quin then produced the following string of +incoherences:-- + + "So she went into the garden to pick a cabbage leaf, to make an + apple-pie of; and a she-bear, coming up the street, put her head into + the shop, and said 'Do you sell any soap?' So she died, and he very + imprudently married the barber; and the powder fell out of the + counsellor's wig, and poor Mrs. Mackay's puddings were quite entirely + spoilt; and there were present the Garnelies, and the Goblilies, and + the Picninnies, and the Great Pangendrum himself, with the little round + button at top, and they played at the ancient game of 'Catch who catch + can,' till the gunpowder ran out of the heels of their boots." + +L. + +_Touchstone's Dial._--Mr. Knight, in a note on _As You Like It_, gives us +the description of a dial presented to him by a friend who had picked it +"out of a deal of old iron," and which he supposes to be such a one as the +"fool i' the forest" drew from his poke, and looked on with lacklustre eye. +It is very probable that this species of chronometer is still in common use +in the sister kingdom; for my brother mentions to me that, when at school +in Ireland some fifteen or sixteen years since, he had seen one of those +"_ring-dials_" in the possession of one of his schoolfellows: and Mr. +Carleton, in his amusing _Traits and Stories of the Irish Peasantry_, thus +describes them:-- + + "The ring-dial was the hedge-schoolmaster's next best substitute for a + watch. As it is possible that a great number of our readers may never + have heard of--much less seen one, we shall in a word or two describe + it--nothing indeed could be more simple. It was a bright brass ring, + about three quarters of an inch broad, and two inches and a half in + diameter. There was a small hole in it, which, when held opposite the + sun, admitted the light against the inside of the ring behind. On this + were marked the hours and the quarters, and the time was known by + observing the hour or the quarter on which the slender ray, that came + in from the hole in front, fell." + +J.M.B. + +_America and Tartary._-- + + "Un jesuite rencontra en Tartarie une femme huronne qu'il avoit connue + au Canada: il conclut de cette etrange aventure, que le continent de + l'Amerique se rapproche au nord-ouest du continent de l'Asie, et il + devina ainsi l'existence du detroit qui, longtemps apres, a fait la + gloire de Bering et de Cook."--Chateaubriand, _Genie du Christianisme_, + Partie 4., Livre 4., Chap. 1. + +Yet, with all deference to the edifying letters of this missionary jesuit, +it is difficult to make such distant ends meet. It almost requires a copula +like that of the fool, who, to reconcile his lord's assertion that he had +with a single bullet shot a deer in the ear and the hind foot, explained +that the deer was scratching his ear at the time with his foot. + +Subjoined is one more _proof_ of the communication which once existed +between America and the Old World: + + Colomb disoit meme avoir vu les restes des fourneaux de Salomon dans + les mines de Cibao."--Chateaubriand, _Genie, Notes, &c_. + +MANLEIUS. + +_Deck of Cards._-- + + "The king was slily finger'd from the _deck_." + _Henry VI._, pt. iii. Act v. Sc. 1. + +It is well known, and properly noted, that a pack of cards was formerly +called a _deck_; but it should be added that the term is still commonly +used in Ireland, and from being made use of in the famed song of "De Night +before Larry was stretched," + + "De deck being called for dey play'd, + Till Larry found one of dem cheated," + +it seems likely to be preserved. I may add, that many words and many forms +of expression which have gone out of vogue in England, or have become +provincial, are still in daily use in Ireland. + +J.M.B. + +_Time when Herodotus wrote._--The following passage appears to me to afford +strong evidence, not only that Herodotus did not complete his history till +an advanced age, but that he did not _begin_ it. For in lib. i. 5. he +writes: "[Greek: ta de ep' emou en megala, proteron en smikra]," "those +cities, which in my time _were_ great, were of old small." This is +certainly such an expression as none but a man advanced in years could have +used. It is perhaps worth observing, that this passage occurring in the +Introduction does not diminish its weight, as the events recorded in it, +leading naturally into the history, could not well have been written +afterwards. As I have never seen this passage noticed with this view. I +shall be glad to see whether the argument which I have deduced from it +appears a reasonable one to your classical readers. + +A.W.H. + +"_Dat veniam corvis," &c._--There were two headmasters of the school of +Merchant Taylors, of the respective names of Du Guard and Stevens: the +former having printed Salmasius' _Defensio Regia_, was ejected by Lord +President Bradshaw; and the latter held the vacant post in the interim, +from February to September, 1650. He wrote during his tenure of office in +the School Probation Book."-- {406} + + "Res DEUS nostras celeri citatas + Turbine versat." + "_Dat veniam corvis, vexat censura columbas_, + Pejus merenti melior, et pejor bono." + +On his restoration Du Gard pleasantly retorted,-- + + "Du Gardum sequitur Stephanus, Stephanumque vicissim, + Du Gardus: sortes versat utrinque DEUS." + +M.W. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +DRYDEN'S "ABSALOM AND ACHITOPHEL." + +In my small library I have neither Malone's _Life of Dryden_, nor that of +more recent date by Sir Walter Scott; and, possibly, either of those works +would render my present Query needless. It relates to a copy of _Absalom +and Achitophel_ now lying before me, which is a mere chap-book, printed on +bad paper, in the most economical manner, and obviously intended to be sold +at a very reasonable rate: indeed, at the bottom of the title-page, which +is dated "1708," we are told that it was "Printed and sold by H. Hills, in +Black-fryars, near the Water-side, _for the Benefit of the Poor_." It +consists of twenty-four pages, small 8vo., and, in order that the poem +should not occupy too much space, one of the pages (p. 22.) is in a smaller +type, and in double columns. At the end is the following singular + + "ADVERTISEMENT. + + "To prevent the publicks being impos'd on, this is to give notice that + the book lately published in 4to. is very imperfect and uncorrect, in + so much that above thirty lines are omitted in several places, and many + gross errors committed, which pervert the sense." + +The above is in Italic type, and the body of the tract consists of only the +first part of _Absalom and Achitophel_, as ordinarily printed: allowing for +misprints (which are tolerably numerous), the poem stands very much the +same as in several common editions I have at hand. My Query is, Is the work +known to have been so published "for the benefit of the poor," and in order +to give it greater circulation, and what is the explanation of the +"Advertisement?" + +THE HERMIT OF HOLYPORT. + +N.B. A short "Key" follows the usual address "To the Reader." + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Edward the Confessor's Crucifix and Gold Chain._--In 1688 Ch. Taylour +published _A Narrative of the Finding St. Edward the King and Confessor's +Crucifix and Gold Chain in the Abbey Church of St. Peter's, Westminster_. +Are the circumstances attending this discovery well known? And where now is +the crucifix and chain? + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_The Widow of the Wood._--Benjamin Victor published in 1755 a "narrative" +entitled _The Widow of the Wood_. It is said to be very rare, having been +"bought up" by the Wolseleys of Staffordshire. What is the history of the +publication? + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Cardinal Erskine._--I am anxious to obtain some information respecting +Cardinal Erskine, a Scotchman, as his name would impart, but called +Cardinal of England? I suppose he was elevated to the sacred college +between Cardinal Howard, the last mentioned by Dodd in his _Church +History_, and the Cardinal of York, the last scion of the house of Stuart. + +And is the following a correct list of English Cardinals since Wolsey, who +died in 1530? + + Elevated in +John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester 1535 +Reginald Pole, Archbishop of Canterbury 1536 +William Peyto, Bishop of Salisbury 1557 +William Allen 1587 +Philip Howard 1675 +---- Erskine ---- +Henry Stuart of York 1747 +Thomas Weld 1830 +Charles Acton 1839 or 1842 +Nicolas Wiseman, who is the 53rd 1850 + on the list of English Cardinals + +Both the latter were born abroad, the former at Naples, the latter at +Seville; but they were born of British subjects, and were brought to +England at an early age to be educated. The Cardinal of York was born in +Rome; but being of the royal family of England, was always styled the +Cardinal of England. + +G.W. + +October 26. 1850. + +_Thomas Regiolapidensis._--Where can I find any information as to the saint +who figures in the following curious story? _Regiolapidensis_ may probably +mean _of Koenigstein_, in Saxony; but Albon Butler takes no notice of this +Thomas. + + "Incipit narratiuncula e libro vingto, cui titular _Vita atq. Gesta B. + Thomae Regiolapidensis, ex ordine FF. Praedicatorum_, excerpta. + + "Quum vero praedicator indefensus, missionum ecclesiasticarum causa, in + borealibus versaretur partibus, miraculum ibi stupendum sane patravit. + Conspexit enim taurum ingentem, vaccarum (sicut poeta quidam ex + ethnicis ait) 'magna comitante caterva,' in prato quodam graminoso + ferocientem, maceria tantum bassa inter se et belluam istam horrendam + interposita. Constitit Thomas, constitit et bos, horribiliter rugiens, + cauda erecta, cornibus immaniter saeviens, ore spumam, naribus vaporem, + oculis fulgur emittens, maceriam transsilire, in virum sanctum irruere, + corpusque ejus venerabile in aera jactitare, visibiliter nimis paratus. + {407} Thomas autem, eapta occasione, oculos in monstrum obfirmat, + signumque crucis magneticum in modum indesinenter ducere aggreditur, En + portentum inauditum! geminis belluae luminibus illico palpebrae + obducuntur, titubat taurus, cadit, ac, signo magnetico sopitus, primo + raucum stertens, mox infantiliter placidum trahens halitum, humi pronus + recumbit. Nec moratus donec hostis iste cornutus somnum excuteret, viv + sanctus ad hospitium se propinquum laetus inde incolumisque recepit." + +RUSTICUS. + +"_Her Brow was fair._"--Can any of your many readers inform me of the +author of the following lines, which I copy as I found them quoted in Dr. +Armstrong's _Lectures_: + + "Her brow was fair, but very pale, + And looked like stainless marble; a touch methought would soil + Its whiteness. On her temple, one blue vein + Ran like a tendril; one through her shadowy hand + Branched like the fibre of a leaf away." + +J.M.B. + +_Hoods warn by Doctors of Divinity of Aberdeen._--Will you allow me to +inquire, through the pages of your publication, of what _colour_ and +_material_ the _exterior_ and _lining_ of hoods were composed which Doctors +in Divinity, who had graduated at Aberdeen, Glasgow, and St. Andrew's, +prior to the Reformation, were accustomed to wear? I imagine, the same as +those worn by Doctors who had graduated at Paris: but what hoods they wore +I know not. I trust that some of your correspondents will enlighten me upon +this subject. + +LL.D. + +_Irish Brigade._--Where can I find any account of the institution and +history of the Irish brigade, a part of the army of France under the +Bourbons? + +J.D. + +Bath. + +_Doctrine of the Immaculate Conception._--In the charge delivered by the +Bishop of London to his clergy, on the 2nd instant, the following passage +occurs: + + "It is not easy to say what the members of that Church [the Church of + Rome] are required to believe now; it is impossible for men to foresee + what they may be called upon to admit as an article of faith next year, + or in any future year: for instance, till of late it was open to a + Roman Catholic to believe or not, as he might see reason, the fanciful + notion of the immaculate conception of the Blessed Virgin; but the + present Bishop of Rome has seen fit to make it an article of their + faith; and no member of his church can henceforth question it without + denying the infallibility of his spiritual sovereign, and so hazarding, + as it is asserted, his own salvation." + +Can any of your correspondents inform me where the papal decision on this +point is to be found? + +L. + +_Gospel Oak Tree at Kentish Town._--Can you inform me why an ancient oak +tree, in a field at Kentish Town, is called the "Gospel Oak Tree." It is +situated and grows in the field called the "Gospel Oak Field," Kentish +Town, St. Pancras, Middlesex. Tradition says Saint Augustine, or one of the +ancient Fathers of the Church, preached under its branches. + +STEPHEN. + +_Arminian Nunnery in Huntingdonshire._--Where can I find an account of a +religious academy called the _Arminian Nunnery_, founded by the family of +the FERRARS, at Little Gidding in Huntingdonshire? I have seen some MS. +collections of Francis Peck on the subject, but they are formed in a bad +spirit. Has not Thomas Hearne left us something about this institution? + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Ruding's Annotated Langbaine._--Can any of your readers inform me who +possesses the copy of Langbaine's _Account of the English Dramatic Poets_ +with MS. additions, and copious continuations, by the REV. ROGERS RUDING? +In one of his notes, speaking of the Garrick collection of old plays, that +industrious antiquary observes: + + "This noble collection has lately (1784) been mutilated by tearing out + such single plays as were duplicates to others in the Sloane Library. + The folio editions of Shakespeare, Beaumont and Fletcher, and Jonson, + have likewise been taken from it for the same reason." + +This is a sad complaint against the Museum authorities of former times. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Mrs. Tempest._--Can any of your correspondents give me any account of Mrs. +(or, in our present style, Miss) Tempest, a young lady who died the day of +the great storm in Nov., 1703, in honour of whom Pope's early friend Walshe +wrote an elegiac pastoral, and invited Pope to give his "winter" pastoral +"a turn to her memory." In the note on Pope's pastoral it is said that "she +was of an ancient family in Yorkshire, and admired by Walshe." I have +elsewhere read of her as "the celebrated Mrs. Tempest;" but I know of no +other celebrity than that conferred by Walshe's pastoral; for Pope's has no +special allusion to her. + +C. + +_Sitting cross-legged._--In an alliterative poem on Fortune (_Reliquiae +Antiquae_, ii. p. 9.), written early in the fifteenth century, are the +following lines:-- + + "Sitte, I say, and sethe on a semeli sete, + Rygth on the rounde, on the rennyng ryng; + _Caste kne over kne, as a kynge kete_, + Comely clothed in a cope, crouned as a kyng." + +The third line seems to illustrate those early illuminations in which kings +and great personages are represented as sitting cross-legged. There are +numerous examples of the A.-S. period. Was it {408} merely assumption of +dignity, or was it not rather intended to ward off any evil influence which +might affect the king whilst sitting, in his state? That this was a +consideration of weight we learn from the passage in Bede, in which +Ethelbert is described as receiving Augustine in the open air: + + "Post dies ergo venit ad insulam rex, et residens sub divo jussit + Augustinum cum sociis ad suum ibidem adveire colloquium; caverat enim + ne in aliquam domum ad se introirent, vetere usus augurio, ne + superventu suo, si quid maleficae artis habuissent, eum superando + deciperent."--_Hist. Eccles._, l. i. c. 25. + +It was cross-legged that Lucina was sitting before the floor of Alemena +when she was deceived by Galanthes. In Devonshire there is still a saying +which recommends "sitting cross-legged to help persons on a journey;" and +it is employed as a charm by schoolboys in order to avert punishment. +(Ellis's _Brand_, iii. 258.) Were not the cross-legged effigies, formerly +considered to be those of Crusaders, so arranged with an idea of the +mysterious virtue of the position? + +RICHARD J. KING. + +_Twickenham--Did Elizabeth visit Bacon there?_--I believe all the authors +who within the last sixty years have written on the history of Twickenham, +Middlesex (and among the most known of these I may mention Lysons, +Ironside, and John Norris Brewer), have, when mentioning Twickenham Park, +formerly the seat of Lord Bacon, stated that he there entertained Queen +Elizabeth. Of this circumstance I find no account in the works of the +sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. His lordship entertained her at +Gorhambury in one of her progresses; and I would ask if it be possible that +Twickenham may have been mistaken for his other seat of Gorhambury? It is +well known Queen Elizabeth passed much of the latter part of her life at +Richmond, and ended her days there; and in Mr. Nares' _Memoirs of Lord +Burghley_ there is an account of her visit to Barn-Elms; and there is also +a curious description of her visit to Kew (in that neighbourhood) in the +_Sydney Papers_, published by Arthur Collins, in two vols. folio, vol. i. +p. 376., in a letter from Rowland Whyte, Esq. Had Lord Bacon received her +majesty, it must most probably have been in 1595. But perhaps some of your +readers may be able to supply me with information on this subject. + +D.N. + +_Burial towards the West._--The usual posture of the dead is with the feet +eastward, and the head towards the west: the fitting attitude of men who +look for their Lord, "whose name is The East," and who will come to +judgement in the regions of the dawn suddenly. But it was the ancient usage +of the Church that the martyr, the bishop, the saint, and even the priest, +should occupy in their sepulture a position the reverse of the secular +dead, and lie down with their feet westward, and their heads to the rising +sun. The position of the crozier and the cross on ancient sepulchres of the +clergy record and reveal this fact. The doctrine suggested by such a burial +was, that these mighty men which were of old would be honoured with a first +resurrection, and as their Master came on from the east, they were to arise +and to follow the Lamb as He went; insomuch that they, with Him, would +advance to the Judgement of the general multitudes,--the ancients and the +saints which were worthy to judge and reign. Now, Sir, my purpose in this +statement is to elicit, if I may, from your learned readers illustrations +of this distinctive interment. + +R.S. HAWKER. + +Morwenstow. + +_Medal struck by Charles II._--Voltaire, in his _Histoire de Charles XII._, +liv. 4., states that a medal was struck in commemoration of a victory which +Charles XII. gained over the Russians, at a place named Hollosin, near the +Boresthenes, in the year 1708. He adds that on one side of this medal was +the epigraph, "Sylvae, paludes, aggeres, hostes victi;" on the other the +verse of Lucan:-- + + "Victrices _copias_ alium laturus in orbem." + +The verse of Lucan referred to is in lib. v. l.238.: + + "Victrices _aquilas_ alium laturus in orbem." + +Query, Is the medal referred to by Voltaire known to exist? and if so, is +the substitution of the unmetrical and prosaic word _copias_ due to the +author of the medal, or to Voltaire himself? + +L. + +_National Debt._--What volumes, pamphlets, or paragraphs can be pointed out +to the writer, in poetry or prose, alluding to the bribery, corruption, and +abuses connected with the formation of the National Debt from 1698 to 1815? + +F.H.B. + +_Midwives licensed._--In the articles to be inquired into in the province +of Canterbury, anno 1571 (_Grindal Rem._, Park. Soc. 174-58), inquiry to be +made + + "Whether any use charms, or unlawful prayers, or invocations, in Latin + or otherwise, and _namely, midwives in the time of women's travail of + child_." + +In the oath taken by Eleanor Pead before being licensed by the Archbishop +to be a midwife a similar clause occurs; the words, "Also, I will not use +any kind of sorcery or incantations in the time of the travail of any +woman." Can any of your readers inform me what charms or prayers are here +referred to, and at what period midwives ceased to be licensed by the +Archbishop, or if any traces of such license are still found in Roman +Catholic countries? + +S.P.H.T. + + * * * * * {409} + + +REPLIES. + +THE BLACK ROOD OF SCOTLAND. + +(Vol. ii., p. 308.) + +I am not aware of any record in which mention of this relique occurs before +the time of St. Margaret. It seems very probable that the venerated +crucifix which was so termed was one of the treasures which descended with +the crown of the Anglo-Saxon kings. When the princess Margaret, with her +brother Edgar, the lawful heir to the throne of St. Edward the Confessor, +fled into Scotland, after the victory of William, she carried this cross +with her amongst her other treasures. Aelred of Rievaulx (ap. Twysd. 350.) +gives a reason why it was so highly valued, and some description of the +rood itself: + + "Est autem crux illa longitudinem habens palmae de auro purissimo + mirabili opere fabricats, quae in modum techae clauditur et aperitur. + Cernitur in ea quaedarn Dominicae crucis portio, (sicut saepe multorum + miraculorum argumento probatum est). Salvatoris nostri ymaginem habens + de ebore densissime sculptam et aureis distinctionibus mirabiliter + decoratam." + +St. Margaret appears to have destined it for the abbey which she and her +royal husband, Malcolm III., founded at Dunfermline in honour of the Holy +Trinity: and this cross seems to have engaged her last thoughts for her +confessor relates that, when dying, she caused it to be brought to her, and +that she embraced, and gazed steadfastly upon it, until her soul passed +from time to eternity. Upon her death (16th Nov., 1093), the Black Rood was +deposited upon the altar of Dunfermline Abbey, where St. Margaret was +interred. + +The next mention of it that I have been enabled to make note of, occurs in +1292, in the Catalogue of Scottish Muniments which were received within the +Castle of Edinburgh, in the presence of the Abbots of Dunfermline and Holy +Rood, and the Commissioners of Edward I., on the 23rd August in that year, +and were conveyed to Berwick-upon-Tweed. Under the head + + "Omnia ista inventa fuerunt in quadam cista in Dormitorio S. Crucis, et + ibidem reposita praedictos Abbates et altos, sub ecrum sigillis." + +we find + + "Unum scrinium argenteum deauratum, in quo reponitur crux quo vocatur + _la blake rode_."--Robertson's _Index_, Introd. xiii. + +It does not appear that any such fatality was ascribed to this relique as +that which the Scots attributed to the possession of the famous stone on +which their kings were crowned, or it might be conjectured that when Edward +I. brought "the fatal seat" from Scone to Westminster, he brought the Black +Rood of Scotland too. That amiable and pleasing historian, Miss Strickland, +has stated that the English viewed the possession of this relique by the +Scottish kings with jealousy; that it was seized upon by Edward I., but +restored on the treaty of peace in 1327. This statement is erroneous; the +rood having been mistaken for the stone, which, by the way, as your readers +know, was never restored. + +We next find it in the possession of King David Bruce, who lost this +treasured relique, with his own liberty, at the battle of Durham (18th +Oct., 1346), and from that time the monks of Durham became its possessors. +In the _Description of the Ancient Monuments, Rites, and Customs of the +Abbey Church of Durham_, as they existed at the dissolution, which was +written in 1593, and was published by Davies in 1672, and subsequently by +the Surtees Society, we find it described as + + "A most faire roode or picture of our Saviour, in silver, called the + Black Roode of Scotland, brought out of Holy Rood House, by King David + Bruce ... with the picture of Our Lady on the one side of our Saviour, + and St. John's on the other side, very richly wrought in silver, all + three having crownes of pure beaten gold of goldsmith's work, with a + device or rest to take them off or on." + +The writer then describes the "fine wainscote work" to which this costly +"rood and pictures" were fastened on a pillar at the east end of the +southern aisle of the quire. And in a subsequent chapter (p. 21. of Surtees +Soc. volume) we have an account of the cross miraculously received by David +I. (whom the writer confounds with the King David Bruce captured at the +battle of Durham, notwithstanding that his _Auntient Memorial_ professes to +be "collected forthe of the best antiquaries"), and in honour of which he +founded Holy Rood Abbey in 1128 from which account it clearly appears that +this cross was distinct from the Black Rood of Scotland. For the writer, +after stating that this miraculous cross had been brought from Holy Rood +House by the king, as a "most fortunate relique," says: + + "He lost _the said crosse_, which was taiken upon him, and many other + most wourthie and excellent jewells ... which all weare offred up at + the shryne of Saint Cuthbert, _together with the Blacke Rude of + Scotland_ (so termed), with Mary and John, maid of silver, being, as yt + were, smoked all over, which was placed and sett up most exactlie in + the pillar next St. Cuthbert's shrine," &c. + +In the description written in 1593, as printed, the size of the Black Rood +is not mentioned; but in Sanderson's _Antiquities of Durham_, in which he +follows that description, but with many variations and omissions, he says +(p. 22.), in mentioning the Black Rood of Scotland, with the images, as +above described,-- + + "Which rood and pictures were all three very richly wrought in silver, + and were all smoked blacke over, {410} being large pictures of a yard + or five quarters long, and on every one of their leads a crown of pure + beaten gold," &c. + +I have one more (too brief) notice of this famous rood. It occurs in the +list of reliques preserved in the Feretory of St. Cuthhert, under the care +of the shrine-keeper, which was drawn up in 1383 by Richard de Sedbrok, and +is as follows: + + "A black crosse, called the _Black Rode of Scotland_."--MS. Dunelm., B. + ii. 35. + +Strange to say, Mr. Raine, in his _St. Cuthbert_, p. 108., appears to +confound the cross brought from Holy Rood House, and in honour of which it +was founded, with the Black Rood of Scotland. He was misled, no doubt, by +the statement in the passage above extracted from the _Ancient Monuments_, +that this cross was brought out of Holy Rood House. + +I fear that the fact that it was formed of silver and gold, gives little +reason to hope that this historical relique escaped destruction when it +came into the hands of King Henry's church robbers. Its sanctity may, +indeed, have induced the monks to send it with some other reliques to a +place of refuge on the Continent, until the tyranny should be overpast; but +there is not any tradition at Durham, that I am aware of, to throw light on +the concluding Query of your correspondent P.A.F., as to "what became of +the 'Holy Cross,' or 'Black Rood,' at the dissolution of Durham Priory?" + +That the Black Rood of Scotland, and the Cross of Holy Rood House were +distinct, there can, I think, be no doubt. The cross mentioned by Aelred is +not mentioned as the "Black Rood:" probably it acquired this designation +after his time. But Fordoun, in the _Scoti-Chronicon_, Lord Hailes in his +_Annals_, and other historians, have taken Aelred's account as referring to +the Black Rood of Scotland. Whether it had been brought from Dunfermline to +Edinburgh before Edward's campaign, and remained thenceforth deposited in +Holy Rood Abbey, does not appear: but it is probable that a relique to +which the sovereigns of Scotland attached so much veneration was kept at +the latter place. + +W.S.G. + +Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Nov. 2. 1850. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Haemony_ (Vol. ii., p. 88.).--MR. BASHAM will find some account of this +plant under the slightly different type of "Hemionion" in Pliny, xxv. 20., +xvi. 25., xxvii. 17.: + + "Invenit et Teucer eadem aetate Teucrion, quam quidam 'Hemionion' + vocant, spargentem juncos tenues, folia parva, asperis locis nascentem, + austero sapore, nunquam florentem: neque semen gignit. Medetur lienibus + ... Narrantque sues qui radicem ejus ederint sine splene inveniri. + + "Singultus hemionium sedat. + + "'Asplenon' sunt qui _hemionion_ vocant foliis trientalibus multis, + radice limosa, cavernosa, sicut filicis, candida, hirsuta: nec caulem, + nec florem, nec semen habet. Nascitur in petris parietibusque opacis, + humidis." + +According to Hardouin's note, p. 3777., it is the _Ceterach_ of the shops, +or rather _Citrach_; a great favourite of the mules, [Greek: hemionoi], +witness Theophrastus, _Hist._, ix. 19. + +Ray found it "on the walls about Bristol, and the stones at St. Vincent's +rock." He calls it "Spleenwort" and "Miltwaste." _Catalog. Plant._ p. 31. +Lond. 1677. + +I have a copy of Henri du Puy's "original" _Comus_, but do not recollect +his noticing the plant. + +G.M. + +Guernsey. + +_Byron's Birthplace._--Can any of your correspondents give any information +relative to the house in which Lord Byron was born? His biographers state +that it was in Holles Street, but do not mention the number. + +C.B.W. + +Edgbaston. + + [Our correspondent will find, on referring to Mr. Cunningham's + _Handbook of London_, that "Byron was born at No. 24. Holles Street, + and christened in the small parish church of St. Marylebone."] + +_Ancient Tiles_ (Vol. i., p. 173.).--The device of two birds perched back +to back on the twigs of a branch that rises between them, is found, not on +tiles only, but in wood carving; as at Exeter Cathedral, on two of the +Misereres in the choir, and on the gates which separate the choir from the +aisles, and these again from the nave. + +J.W.H. + +_Modena Family_ (Vol. ii., p. 266.).--Victor Amadeus III., King of +Sardinia, died in October, 1796. Mary Beatrice, Duchess of Modena, mother +of the present Duke of Modena, was the daughter of Victor Emmanuel V., King +of Sardinia, who abdicated his throne in 1821, and died 10th January, 1824. +The present Duke of Modena is the direct heir of the house of Stuart in the +following line:-- + +All the legitimate issue of Charles II. and James II. being extinct, we +fall back upon Henrietta Maria, youngest child of Charles I. She married +her cousin Philip, Duke of Orleans, brother of Louis XIV., and by him had +three children. Two died without issue: the youngest, Anna Maria, b. Aug. +1669, mar. Victor Amadeus II., Duke of Savoy, and had by him three +children, one son and two daughters. + +The son, Charles Emmanuel III., Duke of {411} Savoy, married and had Victor +Amadeus III., who married Maria Antoinette of Spain, and had:--1. Charles +Emmanuel IV., who died without issue, and 2. Victor Emmanuel V., who +married an Austrian Archduchess; his eldest daughter married Francis IV. +Duke of Modena. She died between A.D. 1841-1846, I believe, and left four +children:--1. Francis V., Duke of Modena. 2. The wife of Henri, Comte de +Chambord. 3. Ferdinand. 4. Marie, wife of Don Juan, brother of the present +de jure King of Spain, Carlos VI. + +J.K. + +_Nicholas Breton's Fantasticks_ (Vol. ii., p. 375.).--In reply to the +second Bibliographical Query of J. MT., Edinburgh, respecting Nicholas +Breton's _Fantasticks_, I beg to inform him that my copy is perfect, and +contains twenty-two leaves. The title is _Fantasticks: seruing for a +perpetuall Prognostication_, with the subjects of the twenty-four +_Descants_, as they are called, in prose, contained in the volume. 4to. bl. +lett. London: Printed for Francis Williams, 1626. After this is a +dedication "To the worshipfull and worthy knight Sir Marke Ive, of Rivers +Hall, in Essex;" and a short address "To the Reader," one leaf. It is an +entertaining work, and contains some curious and useful remarks on our +ancient manners, customs, and habits. My copy had successively belonged to +Garrick, Fillingham, and Heber; the latter of whom has written in it, "Who +has ever seen another copy?" + +T.C. + +Strand. + +_Gaudentio di Lucca_ (Vol. ii., pp. 247. 298. 327.).--The Rev. Simon +Berington, the author of _The Memoirs of Gaudentio di Lucca_, "of whom" MR. +CROSSLEY (Vol. ii., p. 328.) "regrets that so little is known," was the +fourth son of John Berington, of Winesley, co. Hereford, Esquire, by +Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Wolrich, of Dudmaston, co. Salop, Bart. +He was born 1679. He studied and took holy orders at Douay College. + +W.L. + +Nov. 3. 1850. + +_Weights for weighing Coins_(Vol. ii., p. 326.).--I am able to supply H.E. +with a reference to this subject of an earlier date than those he quotes. +In the MS. _Compotus_ or _Accounts of Sibton Abbey, in Suffolk_, in my +possession, occurs the following item, under the year 1363-4: + + "Et de ix d. pro ij paribus Balaunces pro aure ponderand'." + +The following extract, although of later date than H.E. requires, may yet +be not without its use to him in illustration of the subject. It occurs in +the _Compotus_ of a collegiate establishment at Mettingam, Suffolk, from an +earlier volume of which some extracts were furnished to the _Archaeological +Journal_ (vol. vi. p. 62.). It is as follows, under the year 1464:-- + + "Item in ponderibus pro novo aura ponderant' s' nobili _xs._ di. nobyl + et quadrant' ejusdem cunagii et pro nobili de _vj_s. _viij_d. di. nobil + et quadrant' et minoribus ponderibus utriusque cunagii cum le Scolys et + Cophino pro eisdem. _ij_s. _j_d." + +The new gold is of course the reduced coinage of Edward IV. I conclude that +the nobles of 6s. 8d. were the same as the angels. + +C.R.M. + +_Mrs. Partington_ (Vol. ii., p. 377.).--IGNORANS no doubt refers to the +oft-repeated allusion to "Dame Partington and her mop;" and taking it for +granted that he does so, I will enlighten him a little on the subject. The +"original Mrs. Partington" was a respectable old lady, living, at Sidmouth +in Devonshire; her cottage was on the beach, and during an awful storm +(that, I think, of Nov. 1824, when some fifty or sixty ships were wrecked +at Plymouth) the sea rose to such a height as every now and then to invade +the old lady's place of domicile: in fact, almost every wave dashed in at +the door. Mrs. Partington, with such help as she could command, with mops +and brooms, as fast as the water entered the house, mopped it out again; +until at length the waves had the mastery, and the dame was compelled to +retire to an upper story of the house. I well recollect reading in the +Devonshire newspapers of the time an account similar to the above: but the +first allusion to the circumstance was, I think, made by Lord Brougham in +his celebrated speech in the house of Commons on the Reform Bill, in which +he compared the Conservative opposition to the bill to be like the +opposition of "Dame Partington and her mop, who endeavoured to mop out the +waves of the Atlantic." + +ROBERT COLE. + +_Mrs. Partington._--Mr. Greene, the witty editor of the _Boston (N.E.) +Post_, is believed to be the original of Mrs. Partington: at least he +fathers all her sayings. He began to print them about twelve or fifteen +years ago. + +G.M.B. + + [G.M.B. has also kindly forwarded to us some of "_Mrs. Partington's + Queries_ from a recent number of the _Boston Post_, from which we + select a couple of specimens, viz.,-- + + "Whether the Emperor of China is a _porcelain_ statue or a mere + fiction?" + + "Is the _Great Seal_ alive, or only stuffed?"] + +_The East Anglian Word "Mauther"_ (Vol. ii., pp. 217. 365.).--Skinner's +note on this word is + + "Mawther, vox Norfolciensi agro peculiaris: _Spelman_ ipse eodem agro + ortus a Dan. _Moer_, Virgo, Puella, deflectit. Possit tamen et + declinari a Belg. _Maegd_, Teut. _Magd_, idem signante, addita term. + _er_ vel _der_, ut in proximo agro Lincolniensi in vocibus _Heeder_ et + _Sheeder_ quae Marem et Feminam notant. Author Dict. Angl. scribit + _Modder_, et cum Kiliano deducit a Belg. _Modde_, _Moddeken_, Pupa, + Puella, Virgincula."--_Etymol._ sub voce. + +Webster merely gives (with strange neglect, having Skinner before him): +{412} + + "Mauther, a foolish young girl(not used)."--_Ben Jonson._ + +Skinner is, I believe, wrong in assigning the _r_ termination to the Danish +word. Such a termination of the word _maid_ is not to be found in any of +the Teutonic dialects. The diphthong sound and the _th_ appear frequently; +as, + + 1. Moeso-Gothic: _Magath_ or _Magaths_; _Mawi_, + dim. _Mawilo_. + 2. Anglo-Saxon: _Maeth_, _Maegth_, dim. _Meowla_. + 3. Old-German: _Maget_. + 4. Swedish: _Moe_. + 5. Norse: _Moei_. + +I therefore suppose the _r_ termination in _mauther_ to be a mere +corruption, like that pointed out by Skinner in the Lincoln Folk-speech: or +is it possible that it may have arisen from a contusion of the words _maid_ +and _mother_ in Roman Catholic times? In Holland the Virgin Mary was called +_Moeder Maagd_,--a phrase which may possibly have crossed over to the East +Anglian coast, and occasioned the subsequent confusion. + +B.H.K. + +P.S. Do the words _modde_, _moddeken,_ quoted by Skinner, exist? and, if +so, are they Dutch or Flemish? I have no means of verifying them at hand. + + [On referring to Kilian's _Dictionarium Teutonico-Latin-Gallicum_ (ed. + 1642), we find, "MODDE, MODDEKEN, Pupa, Poupee."] + +_Cheshire Cat_ (Vol. ii., p. 377.).--A correspondent, T.E.L.P.B.T., asks +the explanations of the phrase, "grinning like a Cheshire cat." Some years +since Cheshire cheeses were sold in this town moulded into the shape of a +cat, bristles being inserted to represent the whiskers. This may possibly +have originated the saying. + +T.D. + +Bath. + +"_Thompson of Esholt_" (Vol. ii., p. 268.).--In an old pedigree of the +Calverley family, I find it stated that _Henry Thompson of Esholt_ (whose +only daughter _Frances_ William Calverley of Calverley married, and by her +acquired that property) was great-grandson to Henry Thompson, + + "One of the king's gentlemen-at-arms at the siege of Boulogne (temp. H. + 7.), where he notably signalised himself, and for his service was + rewarded with the _Maison Dieu at Dover_, by gift of the king; + afterwards, in the reign of Edward VI., exchanged it for the manor and + rectory of _Bromfield_ in Cumberland, and the site of the late + dissolved nunnery of Esholt." + +Further particulars regarding the above grant of _Bromefield_, and a +_pedigree_ of the Thompsons, are published in _Archaeologia Oeliana_, vol. +ii. (1832), p. 171. + +W.C. TREVELYAN. + +Wallington. + +_Minar's Book of Antiquities_ (Vol. i., p. 277.; ii. p. 344.).--I am much +obliged to T.J. for his endeavours to help me to Minar's _Book of +Antiquities_. But there still remains a chasm too wide for me to jump; +inasmuch as Christopher Meiners published his treatise _De Vero Deo_ in +1780, and Cardinal Cusa, who refers to Minar, died in 1464, being more than +300 years before. + +A.N. + +_Croziers and Pastoral Staves_ (Vol. ii., pp. 248, 313.).--The opinion +expressed by the REV. MR. WALCOT (in your No. 50.), that by the word +_crozier_ is to be understood the crossed staff belonging only to +archbishops and legates, while the staff with a crook at its end is to be +called the pastoral staff, cannot, I think, be considered satisfactory, for +the following, among other reasons. + +Crozier is generally (I should formerly have said universally) understood +to mean the staff with a crook, the so well-known "ensign of bishops." + +In the instances mentioned by MR. WALCOT, _croziers_ are repeatedly spoken +of as having been borne at the funerals of _bishops_, while the crosses +borne before Wolsey are called crosses, and not croziers. + +The word _crozier_ seems to be derived from the mediaeval Latin word +_crocia_. This is explained by Ducange: "Pedum, baculus pastoralis, +episcopalis." Crocia seems to be derived from, or closely connected with, +"crocha, uncinus, lamus," and "crochum, uncus quo arcubalistae tenduntur" +(Ducange). Hence it appears that _crozier_ does not refer to a cross but to +a crook. + +In such ancient authorities as I have had the opportunity of referring to +at the moment, as brasses, incised slabs, &c., bishops and archbishops are +alike represented with the crooked staff; a cross is of more rare +occurrence, and at the moment only two instances occur to me, one in the +fine brass of Frederic, son of Casimir, king of Poland, and a cardinal, +which is in the cathedral of Cracow, and in which he is represented holding +a crozier, while crosses are figured on the sides under the cardinal's hat. +The other is in the curious brass of Lambert, bishop of Bamberg, in the +cathedral of that city: in this the bishop holds a cross in his right and a +crozier in his left hand. + +The statement that the crook of the bishop's staff was bent outwards, and +that of the abbot's inward, is one which is often made in books; I should, +however, be very glad to learn whether any difference has been observed to +exist either in mediaeval representations of croziers on seals, +accompanying, effigies, or in paintings, or in the existing examples. So +far as I have seen, the crook, in all except a few early instances, is bent +in the same manner, _i.e._ inwards. + +N. + +_Socinian Boast_ (Vol. ii., p. 375.).--The following lines "De Ruina +Babylonis" occur in the works of a Socinian writer, one Samuelis +Przipcovius, who died in 1670, and evidently have reference to those quoted +by Dr. Pusey:-- {413} + + "Quid per Luterum, Calvinum, perque Socinum, + Funditus eversam jam Babylona putas? + Perstat adhuc _Babylon_, et toto regnat in orbe + Sub vario primum nomine robur habens. + Ostentat _muros_, jactat sublimia _tecta_ + De _fundamento_ quis metus esse potest? + Ni Deus hanc igitur molem disjecerit ipse + Humano nunquam Marte vel arte ruet." + +Przipcovius was a Polish knight, and cotempory the author of _Hudibras_. In +a tract entitled _Religio Vindicata a Calumniis Atheismi_, he thus alludes +to the spiritual Quixotism which induced Butler to "crack the satiric +thong:" + + "Saepe audivi quod in _Anglia_ (quae regio sicut in multis aliis rebus, + sic praecipue in religionibus totius mundi compendium est) de ejusmodi + fanaticis perhibetur, quod ita sui suarumque irrationabilium opinionum + sint amantes, ut audeant propter eas divinam Providentiam angustis + Ecclesiarum suarum (quae ex angustis cujuslibet Penatibus constant) + terminis circumscribere.... Et quemadmodum omnes isti miseri aperte + delirant, praecipue ii quos zeli aestus eousque deducit, ut tanquam + bacchantes aut cerriti per plateas, domos, templa, absque ullo ordine + et respectu cursitantes concionentur, et interdum _anseres, equos, vel + oves_ (cujus rei ibi satis frequentia exempla occurrunt) dum eis + homines aures praebere nolunt, ad suas opiniones convertere tentent." + +R. PRICE. + +Cheam. + +_MSS. of Locke_ (Vol. i., pp. 401. 462.).--In reply to a question in "NOTES +AND QUERIES," I may state, that the address of the son of the late Dr. +Hancock, is George H., Park Grove, Birkenhead; and he will furnish +information relative to the MSS. of Locke. + +AN INTENDED READER. + +_Sir William Grant_ (Vol. ii., p. 397.).--Your correspondent R. says that +"_Sir William Grant_" was one of the few Scotchmen who had freed himself +from the peculiarities of the speech of his country. Frank Horner is +another." If R. means to include the _Scottish accent_, he is mistaken as +to Sir William Grant, who retained a strong Scottish _burr_. If he means +only correctness of diction, then I should say the number was not _few_. +Mackintosh's and Jeffery's English was, I think, quite as pure as Horner's; +and Lord Brougham, with much idiosyncrasy, had no _Scotch peculiarities_, +at least--_me judice_--infinitely less than Sir William Grant. I could name +twenty members of the present houses of parliament in whom I have never +detected any "Scotch peculiarity." + +C. + +_Tristan d'Acunha_ (Vol. ii., p. 358.).--The island is noticed, but +briefly, in p. 54. of the first volume of Perouse's _Voyage round the +World_, Lond. 1799. It is there stated that a tolerably minute account of +it is contained in _Le Neptune Oriental_, by D'Apres (or Apres de +Manvilette). This work was published in Paris, 1775, in two volumes, large +folio. + +C.I.R. + +_Arabic Numerals_ (Vol.ii., pp. 27. 61. 339.).-- In a work in Arabic, by +Ahmad ben Abubekr bin Wahshih, on Ancient Alphabets, published in the +original, and accompanied with an English translation, by Von Hammer, your +correspondent on the subject of Arabic numerals will find that these +numerals were not invented as arbitrary signs, and borrowed for various +alphabets; but that they are actually taken from an Indian alphabet of nine +characters, the remaining letters being made up at each decimal by +repeating the nine characters, with one or two dots. The English Preface +states that this alphabet is still in use in India, not merely as a +representative of numbers, but of letters of native language. The book is a +neat quarto, printed in London in 1806; and the alphabet occurs in page 7. +of the Arabic original. + +E.C.H. + +Athenaeum. + +_Luther's Hymns_ (Vol. ii., p. 327.).--If F.Q. will turn to Mr. Palmer's +_Origines Liturgicae_, vol. ii. p. 238. 4th edit., he will find that the +sentence in the Burial Service, "In the midst of life we are in death," +&c., is taken from the _Salisbury Breviary Psalter_. The Salisbury Use was +drawn up by Bishop Osmund in the eleventh century. + +N.E.R. (a Subscriber.) + +_Bolton's Ace._--What is the meaning of "_Bolton's Ace_," in the following +passage in the address to the reader prefixed to Henry Hutton's _Follies +Anatomie_, 8vo. Lond. 1618? It is passed over by DR. RIMBAULT in his +reprint of the work for the Percy Society in 1842: + + "Could ye attacke this felon in's disgrace, + I would not bate an inch (not _Bolton's ace_) + To baite, deride, nay, ride this silly asse." + +J. CT. + + ["_Bate me an ace quoth Bolton_" is an old proverb of unknown origin. + Ray tells us that a _Collection of Proverbs_ having been presented to + Queen Elizabeth, with an assurance that it contained all the proverbs + in the English language. "Bate me an ace, quoth Bolton," said the + queen, implying that the assertion was too strong; and, in fact, that + every proverb was not in the collection. See Nares' _Glossary_, who + quotes the following epigram by H.P., to show the collection referred + to + + "_Secundae Cogitutiones meliores._ + + "A pamphlet was of proverbs penned by Polton, + Wherein he thought all sorts included were; + Untill one told him _Bate m' an ace quoth Bolton_, + 'Indeed,' said he, 'that proverb is not there.'"] + +_Hopkins the Witchfinder_ (Vol. ii., p. 392.).--If the inquiry of CLERICUS +relates to Mathew Hopkins the witchfinder general, my friend W.S. Fitch of +Ipswich has some manuscript account of his residence in that town, as a +lawyer of but little {414} note, and his removal to Manningtree, in Essex; +but whether it gives any further particulars of him I am unable to state, +as I have not seen the manuscript. + +J. CLARKE. + +_Sir Richard Steel_ (Vol. ii., p.375.).--The death and burial-place of Sir +Richard Steel is thus noticed in Cibber's _Lives of the Poets_, vol. iv. +p.120.:-- + + "Some years before his death he grew paralytic, and retired to his seat + at Langunnor, near Caermarthen, in Wales, where he died, September 1st, + 1729, and was privately interred, according to his own desire, in the + church of Caermarthen." + +J.V.R.W. + +_Ale-draper_ (Vol. ii., p.310.).--A common designation for an ale-house +keeper in the sixteenth century. Henry Chettle, in his very curious little +publication, _Kind-Harts Dreame_, 1592 (edited for the Percy Society by +your humble servant), has the following passage: + + "I came up to London, and fall to be some tapster, hostler, or + chamberlaine in an inn. Well, I get mee a wife; with her a little + money; when we are married, seeke a house we must; no other occupation + have I but to be an _ale-draper_." (P. 37. of reprint.) + +Again, in the same tract, the author speaks of "two milch maydens that had +set up a shoppe of "_ale-drapery_." + +In the _Discoverie of the Knights of the Poste_, 1597, is another notice of +the same occupation: + + "So that now hee hath left brokery, and is become a draper. A draper, + quoth Freeman, what draper--of woollin or linnen? No, qd. he, an + _ale-draper_, wherein he hath more skil then in the other." + +Probably these instances of the use of the term may be sufficient for your +correspondent. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +P.S. The above was written before J.S.W.'s note appeared (Vol. ii., p. +360.), which does not carry the use of this term further back than Bailey's +_Dictionary_. + +_George Herbert_ (Vol. ii., p. 103.) was buried under the communion table +at Bemerton, but there is no monument to his memory. The adornment of his +little church would be one of the most fitting offerings to his memory. It +is painful to contrast the whitewash and unpainted deal of the house of God +with the rich furniture and hangings of the adjoining rectory. In the +garden of the latter is preserved a medlar-tree, planted by "the sweet +singer of the temple." + +J.W.H. + +_Notaries Public_ (Vol. ii., p. 393.).--Why does your correspondent +MANLEIUS think this form of expression "putting the cart before the horse?" +_Public notary_ (though that phrase is sometimes erroneously used) is not +so exact as "notary public;" for a notary is not, as the first form would +imply, a public officer appointed by the public to perform public services, +but an individual agent through whose ministry private acts or instruments +become _publici juris_. The same form, and for analogous reasons, prevails +in several other legal and technical titles or phrases, as +Attorney-General, Solicitor-General, Accountant-General, Receiver-General, +Surveyor-General; Advocate Fiscal; Theatre Royal, Chapel Royal; Gazette +Extraordinary; and many other phrases in which it is evident that the +adjective has a special and restricted meaning. + +C. + +_Tobacconists_ (Vol. ii, p. 393.).--There was, in the old house of commons, +a room called the _smoking-room_, where members tired of the debate used to +retire to smoke, and in later years to drink tea or write letters. These, +no doubt, were meant by the _Tobacconists_, members within call, though not +actually within the house. + +C. + +_Vineyards_ (Vol. ii., p. 392.).--In answer to CLERICUS, I beg to say that +there is a piece of land called the Vineyards situated in the warm and +sheltered valley of Claverton, about two miles from Bath: it formerly +belonged to the Abbey of Bath. + +There is also in the suburbs, on the north side of the city of Bath, a +_street_ called the Vineyards; but I do not know that this ever belonged to +the Abbey. + +G. FALKNER. + +Devizes. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +Those who know Mr. Craik's happy tact for seizing on the more striking +points of a character or an incident, his acquaintance with our national +history and biography, his love of research, and perseverance in following +up a clue, were prepared to expect both instruction and amusement from his +_Romance of the Peerage_. Nor were they doomed to disappointment. Each +succeeding volume has added to the interest of the work and there can be +little doubt, that the favour with which the first three volumes have been +received by the reading world, will be extended to the one now published, +and which concludes the first series, or main division of Mr. Craik's +projected work. + +Our space will permit us to do little more than specify its principal +contents; but when we state that in the present volume Mr. Craik treats of +the _great_ Earl of Cork and the Boyles; of the founders of the Fermor, +Bouverie, Osborne, and Bamfylde families; that he gives us with great +completeness the history of Anne Clifford, the most remarkable woman of her +time; that he furnishes pleasant gossipping pictures of the rise of the +families of Fox, Phips, and Petty; the history of the celebrated claim of +the Trunkmaker to the honours of the Percies,--of the story of the heiress +of the Percies who married Tom Thynn of Longleat Hall; and lastly, that of +Ann of Buccleugh, {415} the widow of the unfortunate Monmouth, we shall +have done more than enough to make our readers wish to share the pleasure +we have derived from turning over Mr. Craik's amusing pages. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will sell on Monday next, and two following +days, a valuable collection of books, chiefly the property of a gentleman +deceased, among which we may specify _la Vie Saint Germain L'Auxerrois_ +(lettres gotheques), printed on vellum, and quite unique; no other copy +even on paper being known. + +We have received the following Catalogues:-- Williams and Norgate's (14. +Henrietta Street, Covent Garden) German Book Circular, a Quarterly List of +New Publications, No. 26.; John Russell Smith's (4. Old Compton Street, +Soho) Catalogue No. 1. for 1851 of an extensive Collection of Choice, +Useful, and Curious Books in most Classes of Literature, English and +Foreign. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +BACON'S ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING, interpreted by WATS, Oxford, 1621, 1640, +folio. + +STUART'S ATHENS. First Edition. Vols. IV. and V. + +SUPPLEMENT TO BERRY'S HERALDRY. + +SPECIMEN HISTORIAE ARABUM, by POCOCK. + +LA ROQUE, VOYAGE DANS LA PALESTINE. + +ABULFARAQ HIST. DYNAST. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +G.W._'s Query was in type before we received his unbecoming letter,--the +terms of which both forbid our asking the name of the writer, or giving him +that satisfactory explanation which we could furnish as to the delay in the +insertion of his communication. As the first letter of the kind we have +ever received, we should certainly have printed it, but for our regard for +personal friends who belong to the same body as G.W., and whose names he +can have no difficulty in discovering in the list of our distinguished +contributors._ + +_We are compelled by want of space to omit many_ NOTES, QUERIES, REPLIES, +_and articles of_ FOLK-LORE. + +_Volume the First of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," _with very copious Index, price_ +9s. 6d. _bound in cloth, may still be had by order of all Booksellers._ + +_The Monthly Part for October, being the Fifth of_ Vol. II., _is also now +ready, price_ 1s. 3d. + +NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured by the Trade at noon on Friday; so that +our country Subscribers ought to experience no difficulty in receiving it +regularly. Many of the country Booksellers are probably not yet aware of +this arrangement, which enables them to receive Copies in their Saturday +parcels._ + + _Errata_--P. 391. col. 1. line 46, for "v_e_riis circum_d_ant" read + "v_a_riis circum_st_ant;" l. 47., for "ante_s_olat" read "ante_v_olat;" + and l. 48., for "ne_c_" read "ne." + + * * * * * + + +JOURNAL FRANCAIS, publie a Londres.--Le COURRIER de l'EUROPE, fonde en +1840, paraissant le Samedi, donne dans chaque numero les nouvelles de la +semaine, les meilleurs articles de tous les journaux de Paris, la Semaine +Dramanque par Th. Gautier ou J. Jauin, la Revue de Paris par Pierre Durand, +et reprodrit en entier les romans, nouvelles, etc,. en vogue par les +premiers ecrivains de France. Prix 6d. + +London: JOSEPH THOMAS, 1. Finch Lane. + + * * * * * + +PIETAS METRICA: or, Nature Suggestive of God and Godliness. By the Brothers +Theophilus and Theophylact. Fcap. 8vo. cloth. Price 3s. 6d. + +"They possess great sweetness combined with deep devotional +feeling."--_John Bull._ + +London: J. MASTERS, Aldersgate and New Bond Streets. + + * * * * * + +Just published, Part X., price 9s. plain; 10s. 6d. tinted; proofs, large +paper, 12s. + +THE CHURCHES of the MIDDLE AGES: or, Select Specimens of Early and Middle +Pointed Structures, with a few of the purest Late Pointed Examples; +Illustrated by Geometric and Perspective Drawings. By HENRY BOUMAN and +JOSEPH S. CROWTHER, Architects, Manchester. + +To be completed in Twenty Parts, each containing Six Plates, Imperial +folio. Issued at intervals of Two Months. + +"We can hardly conceive anything more perfect. We heartily recommend this +series to all who are able to patronise it." --_Ecclesiologist._ + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Just published, New Edition, Two Vols. fcp. 8vo., price 10s. clothe; or Two +Vols. in One, 17s. morocco. 14s. calf antique. + +THE CHRISTIAN TAUGHT BY THE CHURCH'S SERVICES. + +Edited by WALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D., Vicar of Leeds. + +Leeds: RICHARD SLOCOMBE. London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street + + * * * * * + +KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL SHAKSPERE, NATIONAL EDITION. + +Published in Fortnightly Parts, price 1s. each, And Monthly Sections, price +2s. 6d. each. + +Part III., containing "Love's Labour's Lost," is published this day, +Saturday. + +The Monthly Section is published on the 1st of every Month. + +LONDON: CHARLES KNIGHT, 90. FLEET STREET. + + * * * * * + +KNIGHT'S CYCLOPAEDIA OF THE INDUSTRY OF ALL NATIONS. + +Number III., price Twopence, is published this day, Saturday. The Monthly +Part, Ninepence, on the 1st of the Month. + + * * * * * + +KNIGHT'S CYCLOPAEDIA OF LONDON. + +Number III., price Twopence, is published this day, Saturday. The Monthly +Part, Ninepence, on the 1st of the Month + +LONDON: CHARLES KNIGHT, 90. FLEET STREET. + + * * * * * + +THE BRITISH ALMANAC AND COMPANION. + +For 1851, November 21st instant. + +LONDON: CHARLES KNIGHT, 90. FLEET STREET. + +And sold by all Booksellers in Town and Country; on application to whom may +be obtained Descriptive Catalogue of the Publications issued by CHARLES +KNIGHT. {416} + +MR. PARKER _has recently published:_-- + +A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN GRECIAN, ROMAN, ITALIAN, AND GOTHIC +ARCHITECTURE. Exemplified by upwards of Eighteen Hundred Illustrations, +drawn from the best examples. Fifth Edition, 3 vols. 8vo. cloth, gilt tops, +2l. 8s. + + "Since the year 1836, in which this work first appeared, no fewer than + four large editions have been exhausted. The fifth edition is now + before us, and we have no doubt will meet, as it deserves, the same + extended patronage and success. The text has been considerably + augmented by the enlargement of many of the old articles, as well as by + the addition of many new ones among which Professor Willis has embodied + great part of his Architectural Nomenclature of the Middle Ages the + number of woodcuts has been increased from 1100 to above 1700 and the + work its present form is, we believe, unequalled in the architectural + literature of Europe for the amount of accurate information it + furnishes, and the beauty of its illustrations."--_Notes and Queries._ + +AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. BY JOHN HENRY PARKER, +F.S.A. 16mo. with numerous Illustrations. Price 4s. 6d. + +THE PRIMEVAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND AND DENMARK COMPARED. BY J. J. A. +WORSAAE, Member of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Copenhagen, and by +WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden Society. With numerous +Illustrations. 8vo. 10s. + +RICKMAN'S GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. An Attempt to discriminate the different +Styles of Architecture in England, By the late THOMAS RICKMAN, F.S.A. With +30 Engravings on Steel by Le Keux, &c., and 465 on Wood, of the best +examples, from Original Drawings by F. Mackenzie, O. Jewitt, and P. H. +Delamotte. Fifth Edition. 8vo. 21s. + +THE ECCLESIASTICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL TOPOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND. Vol. I. DIOCESE +OF OXFORD. 8vo. cloth, 7s. 6d. + +AN INQUIRY INTO THE DIFFERENCE OF STYLE OBSERVABLE IN ANCIENT PAINTED +GLASS, With Hints on Glass Painting, Illustrated by numerous coloured +Plates from Ancient Examples. By an Amateur. 2 vols. 8vo. 1l. 10s. + +A BOOK OF ORNAMENTAL GLAZING QUARRIES, Collected and arranged from Ancient +Examples, BY AUGUSTUS WOLLASTON FRANKS, B.A. With 112 Coloured Examples. +8vo. 16s. + +A MANUAL FOR THE STUDY OF MONUMENTAL BRASSES, With a Descriptive Catalogue +of 450 "RUBBINGS," in the possession of the Oxford Architectural Society, +Topographical and Heraldic Indices, &c. With numerous Illustrations, 8vo. +10s. 6d. + +A MANUAL FOR THE STUDY OF SEPULCHRAL SLABS AND CROSSES OF THE MIDDLE AGES. +By the Rev. EDWARD L. CUTTS, B.A. 8vo., illustrated by upwards of 300 +engravings, 12s. + +THE CROSS AND THE SERPENT. Being a brief History of the Triumph of the +Cross, through a long series of ages, in Prophecy, Types, and Fulfilment. +By the Rev. WILLIAM HASLAM, Perpetual Curate of St. Michael's Baldiu, +Cornwall. 12mo., with numerous woodcuts, 5s. + +SOME OF THE FIVE HUNDRED POINTS OF GOOD HUSBANDRY, As well for the Champion +or open Country, as also for the Woodland or several, mixed in every month +with Huswifery, over and above the Book of Huswifery, with many lessons +both profitable and not unpleasant to the reader, once set forth by THOMAS +TUSSER, Gentleman, now newly corrected and edited, and heartily commended +to all true lovers of country life and honest thrift. 18mo. 2s. 6d. + + * * * * * + +JOHN HENRY PARKER, OXFORD AND LONDON. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturdays, November 16. 1850. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 55, November +16, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 15216.txt or 15216.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/2/1/15216/ + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon Ingram, Keith +Edkins and the Online PG Distributed Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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