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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 1, No. 20, March 25, 1897, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 20, March 25, 1897
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: March 21, 2005 [EBook #15428]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy, and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team. (www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+_FIVE CENTS._
+
+THE GREAT ROUND WORLD
+
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT
+
+    SUBSCRIPTION PRICE.   MARCH 25, 1897     Vol. 1. NO. 20
+    $2.50 PER YEAR
+    [Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second-class matter]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER FOR BOYS AND GIRLS
+
+    WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. PUBLISHER
+
+    NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY
+
+=Copyrighted 1897, By WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NOTICE
+
+Booksellers and Newsdealers
+
+will furnish at price advertised any book named in GREAT ROUND
+WORLD, or copies of =The Great Round World=. Subscriptions, either
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+that our customers may be promptly and satisfactorily served. If your
+bookseller or newsdealer does not keep THE GREAT ROUND WORLD call
+his attention to this notice, and ask him to write to
+
+    =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON, 3 & 5 W. 18th Street,=
+    =NEW YORK CITY.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+School and College Text-Books
+
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+        3 & 5 West 18th Street
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+With the greatly increased facilities I can now offer to my customers the
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+subject. Teachers and students are invited to call and refer to the
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+will be rendered them.
+
+Reading Charts, miscellaneous Reference Charts, Maps, Globes, Blackboards,
+and School Supplies at net prices singly or in quantity.
+
+All books removed from old store (more or less damaged by removal) will be
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+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
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+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD
+And WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.]
+
+
+VOL. 1   MARCH 25, 1897.   NO. 20
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A Committee has been appointed by the English Parliament to inquire about
+the raid made by Dr. Jameson into the Transvaal in December, 1895.
+
+All London is deeply interested in this matter, so much so that a number
+of the great English peers are present at the meetings, even the Prince of
+Wales having attended several of them.
+
+These meetings are held in Westminster Hall, which is one of the most
+interesting buildings in London.
+
+It was begun by King William Rufus, about 1090, and was used by the early
+English Kings as a banqueting hall.
+
+All the Kings and Queens of England until the time of George IV. were
+crowned in Westminster Hall, and in this same building Charles I. was
+condemned to death, and Oliver Cromwell was declared Protector of England,
+and here the first Parliaments sat.
+
+Westminster Hall after a while became part of the King's palace of
+Westminster, where the famous Henry VIII. lived. This palace was destroyed
+by fire except the grand old Hall, which was left standing alone until
+the new Houses of Parliament were built on the ground where the palace had
+once stood, and the Hall became a part of the Houses of Parliament.
+
+This grand old building with its wonderful arched roof has seen many great
+assemblies in its 800 years of life, but this inquiry into the affairs of
+the Transvaal is by no means the least interesting of them.
+
+If you take your map, you will see that the southern part of Africa is
+divided into several states and colonies.
+
+Cape Colony, the most southerly of all, belongs to England. Then comes the
+Orange Free State, and then the South African Republic, or the Transvaal,
+as it is called. You will notice that the English possessions creep up the
+coast in front of the Transvaal, and also form its western or land
+boundary.
+
+The Transvaal is a Republic originally settled by the Dutch. Its
+inhabitants are called Boers, and they are a race of sturdy farmers. It is
+from their employment that they get their name of Boer. In the Dutch
+language boer means a peasant, a farmer, or a tiller of the soil. It is
+the same word as the German _Bauer_, a peasant.
+
+These Boers are governed by a clever old man named Paul Krüger,--Oom (or
+Uncle) Paul, as his people call him.
+
+England, as you will see by your map, owns vast tracts of land in South
+Africa, and according to her regular practice she is trying to enlarge her
+possessions still further. Wherever England establishes a colony, she
+reaches out on either side of her, and takes, if possible, a little piece
+of land here, and another little scrap there, until by and by she has
+laid hold of the greater part of the land around her.
+
+She has been following her usual custom in South Africa.
+
+But the Boers are not fond of the English, and they have been trying with
+all their power to keep these neighbors of theirs as far away from them as
+possible. As the English have advanced, the Boers have retreated, even
+giving up the diamond mines of Kimberly in the process of moving.
+
+One day, however, rich gold-fields were discovered on the Witwaters Rand.
+A Rand is the high land on either side of a river valley.
+
+This settled matters for the Boers. From the moment gold-fields were
+discovered, Englishmen poured into the Transvaal.
+
+The Boers, who, as we have said, are a quiet farming people, were not
+pleased with this invasion of foreigners. They christened them Uitlanders,
+which means outsiders, and they are decidedly not in love with them.
+
+The capital of the Transvaal is a town called Pretoria. It is the seat of
+the government, and is a simple, unpretentious town, situated in the
+centre of the little Republic.
+
+When the Uitlanders poured over the borders into the gold-fields, they
+desired to have a town somewhat nearer to the Rand and the gold-fields
+than Pretoria was, so they founded Johannesburg.
+
+This town flourished amazingly, and soon far outstripped Pretoria in size
+and importance, just as the Uitlanders had outstripped the Boers in point
+of numbers and wealth.
+
+The native population of the Transvaal is very scattered. They are a
+nation of farmers, and at the present time there are only about 15,000
+Boer men in the whole territory, while of the English-speaking Uitlanders
+there are more than five times that number.
+
+No sooner did Johannesburg grow to be a powerful city, than the
+Uitlanders, her citizens, demanded that they should have a voice in the
+government of the country.
+
+They complained that they were hardly used by the Boers, and made to pay
+heavy taxes.
+
+The taxes are certainly heavy, but they are levied upon the gold miners,
+who have come to the Transvaal for the sole purpose of making fortunes out
+of the gold deposits; these fortunes they wish to carry away with them to
+their own country.
+
+The Boers, very naturally, think that some portion of these riches should
+be paid to the country which gave them, and they cannot see by what right
+these foreign gold-hunters expect to have a voice in the government.
+
+One of the great grievances of the Uitlanders is that the Boers will not
+have English taught in the schools, and that their children are obliged to
+learn the language of the country if they go to the public schools.
+
+These demands of the Uitlanders will seem all the more absurd when it is
+understood that they do not ask for a voice in the government as citizens
+of the country. None of these English-speaking people have so much as
+offered to become citizens of the Transvaal. They are not even willing to
+be. They wish to keep their right of citizenship in their own country,
+that they may have the protection of England, and be able to return there
+as soon as they have made their fortunes.
+
+However, while they are in the Transvaal, digging their gold out of its
+soil, they want to be able to govern the country in their own way, and are
+loud in their outcries against the Boers for preventing them from doing
+so.
+
+Under the laws of the Transvaal it is very easy to become a citizen.
+
+A man has only to live there two years before he can become a citizen, and
+have all the share in the government that he is entitled to.
+
+But this the Uitlanders are not willing to do. They want everything for
+nothing.
+
+Does not their request seem outrageous?
+
+The Uitlanders kept up their demands for a share in the government, and
+the Boers steadily refused them.
+
+Then the population of Johannesburg began to arm itself, and the Boers
+quietly watched them.
+
+At last, word was sent to Dr. Jameson from the leading Uitlanders in
+Johannesburg that the Boers were up in arms, and that the people of
+Johannesburg were in danger of their lives.
+
+They begged Dr. Jameson to come to their aid, in the name of humanity.
+
+Dr. Jameson did not send this appeal on to his superiors, and wait for
+orders, as he should have done, but thinking that he was doing a glorious
+deed, he gathered a little force of eight hundred men together, and
+cutting down the telegraph wires behind him, so that no orders could reach
+him and stop him, he dashed into the Transvaal to the relief of
+Johannesburg.
+
+Almost within sight of Johannesburg he was met by the Boers, under their
+leader, General Joubert.
+
+Here a dastardly thing happened.
+
+The Uitlanders, who had sent for this brave but foolish man, did not raise
+a finger to help him, but stayed like cowards within the walls of their
+city, while the little body of men, worn out with their long march, were
+cut to pieces by their enemy.
+
+At last, when all hope was at an end, and but a hundred and fifty were
+left of his party, Dr. Jameson surrendered, and he and the remnant of his
+men were taken prisoner and conveyed to Pretoria.
+
+Great excitement was felt in both Cape Colony and England. Nobody wanted
+to take the blame for the raid, but every one felt that if Dr. Jameson had
+succeeded instead of having failed, England would have added the Transvaal
+to her possessions, and said as little about it as possible.
+
+Dr. Jameson having failed, matters were very different.
+
+President Krüger demanded to know why England had allowed an armed force
+to enter the territory of a country with which she was at peace, and
+wished to know by whose authority the raid was made.
+
+England at once declared that she had had no hand in the matter, and asked
+that Dr. Jameson and the rest of the prisoners might be sent to her, to be
+dealt with according to her laws.
+
+After some delay President Krüger agreed to do this, and the remnant of
+the famous raiders was shipped to England.
+
+On their arrival they were tried for breaking the laws, and the officers
+and Dr. Jameson were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment, varying
+from five to fifteen months.
+
+This ended the matter as far as Dr. Jameson was concerned--but not for the
+Government.
+
+The Boers presented a claim to the British Government for damages
+sustained by them from the raid. Their claim is for $8,000,000.
+
+They ask three millions for material damage, which means the cost of the
+men and arms they used to defeat the raiders, and five millions for "moral
+and intellectual damage," which means wounded feelings and general
+annoyance.
+
+There was much amusement in the British Parliament when the claim was
+made, and the members laughed heartily at the idea of moral and
+intellectual damage.
+
+In the same way that we manage these matters in our Senate, the affair was
+referred to a committee.
+
+This committee has to inquire into the matter, see if the claim is a just
+one, and whether England ought really to pay money to the South African
+Republic.
+
+It is this committee which is sitting in Westminster Hall.
+
+All London was interested when Mr. Cecil Rhodes was called before it and
+put on the stand as a witness. Mr. Rhodes was the Prime Minister of Cape
+Colony, and resigned his position when the trouble came about the Raid.
+
+He is perhaps the most important man in all South Africa. It is his desire
+to bring the whole of this territory under English rule, and it is thought
+that this ambition was at the root of the Jameson Raid, and that Cecil
+Rhodes is really the person who is responsible for it.
+
+It is also whispered that the English Government looks favorably upon his
+plans, and that the Raid was only a part of a deep-laid scheme to
+overthrow the Boer Government, and seize the Transvaal for England.
+
+The Boers evidently believe this side of the story, for at the opening of
+their Parliament the other day, Oom Paul, the valiant old President,
+stated that it was the object of the enemy to destroy the Republic, but
+that the Boers must rely upon the help of God. He closed his speech with
+the solemn words:
+
+"The Lord will not forsake His people!"
+
+Mr. Cecil Rhodes has been asked by the Committee of Inquiry to explain the
+trouble in South Africa, and he has done so at great length.
+
+His explanation is, however, a trifle funny to fair-minded persons who
+believe that the old maxim, "What is mine is mine, and what is thine is
+thine," should be strictly obeyed.
+
+Mr. Rhodes has made a long complaint against the Boers for not allowing
+strangers and foreigners to help them govern their own country. He has
+pictured the woes of the Uitlanders because they are not allowed to
+govern, and because their children are not taught English in the schools,
+and moreover, because they are made to pay heavy taxes for the gold they
+mine and carry away. They have still another grievance. Any favor that the
+Boers show at all is shown to Germans, and not to Englishmen. The Boers
+will not allow any of the products of Cape Colony within their borders,
+but prefer to do their trading with Germany. A dreadful offence truly,
+that they choose their own markets!
+
+The Commission has heard Mr. Rhodes with great seriousness and a good deal
+of sympathy.
+
+So far, strange to say, it does not seem to have occurred to any member of
+the august assembly which is making the inquiry, that the Uitlanders are
+mere squatters in the Transvaal, and that if they don't like the ways of
+the country they are visiting, there is nothing to prevent them from
+packing up their traps, and going back whence they came.
+
+Mr. Cecil Rhodes has not attempted to hide the fact that he did his best
+to stir up the uneasy feeling in Johannesburg that led to the Jameson
+Raid.
+
+He admits that he sent Dr. Jameson to the borders of the Transvaal with
+orders to hold himself in readiness for an emergency.
+
+He does not allow that he is responsible for the actual raid itself,
+because Dr. Jameson acted without orders when making it.
+
+He does not deny, however, that he hoped to overthrow the Boer Government,
+and President Krüger.
+
+One of the members of the committee asked him if he meant to make himself
+President in the place of Oom Paul, but he denied that he had any such
+idea.
+
+He gave, as a final reason why the cause of the Uitlanders was a just
+cause, that "no body of Englishmen will ever remain in any place for any
+period, without insisting on their civil rights."
+
+There is quite a sprinkling of Americans among the Uitlanders, but it is
+to be hoped that they understand the duties of citizenship too well to be
+among the discontents who demand its privileges without being willing to
+undertake its penalties.
+
+The Boer Parliament has, since the sitting of the committee in London,
+refused the Uitlanders' last appeal for a voice in the government, and it
+is thought that England will refuse to pay the money damages claimed by
+the Republic.
+
+It is thought that the result of the matter will be a war with the Boers,
+in which England will struggle to overthrow the other South African
+governments, and secure the control of the whole of that vast territory
+for herself.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Matters in Greece are growing more serious. Much has happened within the
+last few days.
+
+On further consideration of the offers of the Powers, Greece refused home
+rule for Crete, and declared her intention of carrying out her plan of
+reunion with the island.
+
+She boldly defied the Powers, and declared that she would yield only to
+superior force.
+
+In replying to the note from the Powers ordering her to withdraw her
+troops from Crete, her Prime Minister, Delyannis, said that while Greece
+would not leave Crete, there should be no fighting with the Turks unless
+an attempt was made by them to carry the war into Greece itself. Unless
+the Turks invade Greece, the Greek army would only remain in Crete to
+protect the Christians there. If, however, the Powers made matters too
+difficult for Greece in Crete, she would of course have to protect
+herself.
+
+This reply put Europe in a very difficult quandary. Greece says she is
+ready to fight the whole of Europe rather than leave her brothers in
+Crete in the power of the Turks.
+
+The Powers, having threatened to make her obey if she refused to comply
+with their wishes, are now aghast at the prospect of having to fight with
+the heathen Turks against the Christian Greeks, or else steam back to
+their respective countries, snubbed and ridiculous.
+
+They have long been conferring together to prevent any further misrule in
+Turkey, and to efface this monarchy, which is a disgrace to Europe, and
+they find that, by their too hasty interference, they have put themselves
+in the position of having to uphold the Turkish misrule against their own
+convictions.
+
+The Turks are so convinced that Europe is going to stand by them, that
+large bodies of them are parading the streets of Canea, crying for the
+blood of the Christian "dogs," as they call them, and apparently expecting
+that the Powers are going to help them in a general massacre of the
+Greeks.
+
+This state of affairs is particularly dreadful, because, at the time of
+the massacre of the Armenians by the Turks, not one of the European Powers
+fired a shot to prevent it. All that was done was accomplished by talks
+and conferences with the Ambassadors.
+
+Now, when Greece tries to free her Christian brothers from the grasp of
+the Turks, these same Powers train their guns on the Greeks, and lend the
+Turks their aid to force the Christians back under the control of the
+murdering Turks!
+
+It is a monstrous situation, and one that makes every honest man hate the
+diplomacy and politics of nations that make such things possible and
+necessary.
+
+When Greece sent her defiant answer to the Powers, they had a long
+conference, and after much talk, decided to send their Ultimatum to
+Greece.
+
+An Ultimatum means a final condition, which, if refused, will break off
+all attempts at settling matters peaceably.
+
+The Ultimatum of the Powers was written in two separate letters.
+
+The first requested Greece to withdraw her ships and soldiers within six
+days.
+
+This has been presented.
+
+In case Greece refuses to withdraw, the second note will be given her.
+This states that the Powers will immediately use force to make her do as
+they desire. This of course means that war will be declared.
+
+It is said that the Greeks are not likely to obey the wishes of the
+Powers, and that the King of Greece intends to refuse, and then to take
+his own course.
+
+It is said that King George has declared himself quite ready for a war
+with Turkey, and that he does not intend to allow the Powers to tell him
+what he is to do.
+
+Greece is making preparations for war, has called out her army reserves,
+and is massing her troops all along the Turkish frontier, expecting that
+the war will be on the mainland, and not on the island of Crete. Greece
+expects that should war be declared Turkey will at once try to cross her
+borders and conquer her. If Turkey does not attempt this, Greece will
+cross into Turkish territory, and endeavor to reconquer the various
+ancient Greek provinces which are now under the rule of Turkey. The
+Servians, Bulgarians, and Montenegrins are also arming and rising, and
+will side with Greece in case the war breaks out.
+
+If you look these little countries up on the map, you will find that they
+lie on the Northern side of European Turkey, while Greece is on the
+Southern side. If these countries do really come to the aid of Greece,
+Turkey will find herself between two enemies, and will have a difficult
+war to fight.
+
+[Illustration: Types of Greek Fighters.]
+
+It is not true that Russia is at the bottom of this Cretan trouble.
+
+She has evidently been acting sincerely this time. She has warned Greece
+to stop her quarrel with Turkey, has sent word to her that she very much
+disapproves of the way she is behaving, and as Greece has not listened to
+her protests, she has finally broken off all diplomatic relations with
+her. This, you remember as in the case of Venezuela, means that Russia and
+Greece are no longer on speaking terms.
+
+Russia is very angry with Greece for refusing her advice, and Greece feels
+very bitterly toward Russia for helping in the bombardment of the Greeks
+at Akrotiri.
+
+So deep is the feeling between them, that when the Russian court sent the
+appointment of Honorary Admiral of the Russian Navy, as a compliment, to
+Queen Olga of Greece, she returned it indignantly, saying she could not
+hold any rank in a navy that had fired upon Greeks and Cretans.
+
+Europe is still looking around for some one on whom to cast the blame for
+the Cretan muddle. The present idea is that England is the guilty party.
+This last report may not have any more truth in it than that about Russia,
+but it is now, said that England is bent upon conquering the Transvaal,
+and securing South Africa for herself, and that she has stirred up all
+this Cretan mischief, so that Germany and the other European Powers may be
+too busy at home to look after her abroad.
+
+Whoever is to blame, the Greeks are going steadily ahead. Fighting
+continues, the Greek arms being mainly successful.
+
+Turkey has tried to send fresh troops to Crete, but has been prevented by
+the Powers.
+
+The ports of Crete are closely blockaded, and the island is running short
+of food.
+
+There is a story that when the Greek fleet was ordered to leave Cretan
+waters by the Powers, its commander, Commodore Reinecke, replied that he
+would only obey the orders of his own government, and that, though the
+Powers sank his ship, he would not move until he had his country's orders
+to do so.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Good has come out of evil.
+
+The cruel death of the unfortunate Dr. Ruiz in Cuba has aroused and
+alarmed the government into looking more closely after our citizens there.
+
+For one reason or another, Mr. Olney chose to disbelieve the stories from
+Cuba, and tried to throw discredit on General Lee, declaring that his
+action in the Ruiz matter had been hasty and unwarranted, and that things
+were not so bad in Cuba as he stated them to be.
+
+Mr. Cleveland and the Senate refused to be satisfied with this statement,
+and demanded that all the papers relating to our citizens who are
+imprisoned in Cuba should be laid before them.
+
+At the same time, Senator Morgan offered a joint resolution, demanding the
+immediate release of General Julio Sanguily.
+
+General Sanguily, who was a famous Cuban general in the previous war
+against Spain, has been many months in Cuban prisons, and was at one time
+condemned to penal servitude at the Spanish settlement in South Africa.
+
+Through the representations of our government a new trial was secured for
+him, and he was finally set free.
+
+The manner of freeing him was very Spanish. Word was sent to him that if
+he would declare himself guilty of treason against Spain he would be given
+his liberty. This he refused to do. He had not very much faith in the
+Spaniards, and he was not sure that it might not be a trap which they were
+setting for him. He feared that if he declared himself guilty, they would
+make it a pretext for putting him to death.
+
+Mr. Olney however, persuaded him to do as Spain wished, Minister de Lome
+having explained to him that Spain would graciously pardon General
+Sanguily if he acknowledged his guilt.
+
+So the farce was played according to Spain's wishes, and the innocent
+Sanguily declared himself guilty, that he might he pardoned for an offence
+which he had never committed. He was thereupon set free, and made the best
+of his way over to America and security.
+
+This Sanguily farce has been made to answer another purpose.
+
+Spain is very tired of Weyler, and the complete failure of the great
+campaign in which he was going "to eat up the Cubans at his leisure," has
+made Spain lose faith in him.
+
+The constant battles in the provinces which he had declared pacified, the
+ease with which Gomez crossed the Trocha which had cost Spain so much
+money, and the repeated defeats of the Spanish arms, settled the business,
+and it was decided that Weyler must be removed from Cuba.
+
+For some unknown reason, Spain does not want to disgrace Weyler, in spite
+of his failures, so they have allowed him to use the release of Sanguily
+as a pretext for disagreeing with the government, and resigning his
+position in Cuba. The Spaniards seem to be most careful of their friends'
+feelings, and most polite in all their dealings with one another. It is a
+pity that this very delicate code of honor does not prevent them from
+murdering helpless prisoners, and insulting defenceless women.
+
+The release of Sanguily has aroused some very bitter feeling in Havana,
+and the Spaniards are saying that Spain ought not to submit to it, nor to
+General Lee's conduct in regard to the murder of Ruiz.
+
+These murmurs are so loud and threatening, that all the Americans who can
+do so are leaving the island with all possible speed.
+
+Should the Spanish attack them, they have no means of defence; the
+Consulate is an unprotected building, and Consul Lee has no men at his
+disposal to protect them.
+
+Gomez appears to be advancing toward Havana.
+
+From the last reports a large body of insurgents was seen at Cienfuegos.
+They mustered about 5,000 men, and were supposed to be commanded by
+General Gomez himself. The news was brought by bands of Spanish soldiers
+who had fled at his approach.
+
+They said the army was marching in long lines, two foot-soldiers abreast,
+with the cavalry covering them on the two sides, one horseman behind the
+other.
+
+Cienfuegos is about two hundred miles from Arroyo Blanco, where Gomez won
+his great fight. To reach this place he has crossed the great Eastern
+Trocha, and is now but a hundred and fifty miles from Havana.
+
+It is reported that General Weyler came back to Havana suddenly and
+unexpectedly, and it may have been in consequence of the approach of
+Gomez.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The filibusters are busy again.
+
+Word was sent to the Treasury Department the other day, that a large
+steamer, supposed to be carrying arms and men to Cuba, had left Barnegat,
+on the Jersey Coast.
+
+It was reported that this steamer was the _Laurada_, the famous
+filibuster, about which we spoke in Numbers 6 and 9 of THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD.
+
+The _Laurada_ came back from her Spanish trip, and appeared to be
+conducting herself like a good, peaceable steamer; but, if reports are
+true, she has suddenly commenced her tricks again.
+
+She took on coal and provisions at Baltimore, pretending she was going to
+Philadelphia, but she has not yet been heard of at that port.
+
+A steamer answering to her description has appeared off Barnegat, taken on
+quantities of arms and ammunition, and about a hundred men, among whom it
+is supposed was General Carlos Roloff, the insurgent Minister of War.
+
+The little revenue cutter _Manhattan_ was ordered out of New York Harbor,
+to arrest her; and loaded with arms, and with four United States Deputy
+Marshals, she hurried off in chase of the naughty steamer.
+
+She made all haste to Barnegat, having to make her way through heavy seas
+that tried the nerves and the stomachs of the passengers.
+
+When she arrived, there was no _Laurada_ in sight; that saucy vessel had
+made the most of her opportunities, and was a hundred and fifty miles down
+the coast. The marshals got nothing for their trouble but a chilly trip
+and a bad attack of sea-sickness.
+
+It seems that the secret of the expedition was ferreted out by some
+Pinkerton detectives, who are in the employ of the Spanish.
+
+These worthies heard about the expedition, and hired a boat and went out
+after the _Laurada_. They came up with her as she was taking on her cargo,
+but she was far enough away from the coast to be what is termed "on the
+high seas," too far out for interference from anything but a man-of-war or
+a revenue cutter.
+
+The story goes, that the tug which carried the Pinkerton men circled round
+the _Laurada_ several times, and saw the men being transferred from the
+barge to the steamer. These men, in their pleasure at having outwitted the
+Spanish detectives, beguiled the moments of waiting by making ugly faces
+at the Pinkerton men, and calling them various foreign names, until the
+detectives finally steamed off to give information, and get revenge.
+
+There are rumors that two other expeditions have sailed for Cuba, or are
+about sailing. The _South Portland_ is supposed to be already on her way,
+and the _Bermuda_ to be waiting off Long Island for a large party.
+
+It is supposed that the filibusters hope the change in the Administration
+may have made things a little easier for them. They appear to have waited
+for President McKinley's election to try once more to help their friends.
+
+It remains to be seen what action our new President will take in the
+matter.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The case of the _Three Friends_ has been up in courts again.
+
+You remember how she was seized, and the case against her was dismissed
+because Judge Locke decided that, as President Cleveland had declared
+there was no state of war in Cuba, the vessel could not be breaking any
+laws in carrying merchandise to Cuba.
+
+This decision was appealed against, and was taken into the higher courts
+for further consideration.
+
+The higher court has decided that as it was known that troubles of a
+warlike nature were going on, the _Three Friends_ was guilty of breaking
+the laws, and should never have been set free. Chief Justice Fuller
+therefore decided that a new trial must be held, and the steamer once more
+taken into custody.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+News comes from Siam that the government there has agreed to arbitrate the
+Cheek Teakwood claim, in the endeavor to settle which our Vice-Consul, Mr.
+Kellett, was wounded, as we told you in Numbers 16 and 17 of THE GREAT
+ROUND WORLD.
+
+The Siamese government has also agreed to look into the matter of the
+assault on Mr. Kellett, and punish the guilty persons.
+
+As you will see in Number 17, Mr. Olney hinted that Consul-General Barrett
+had been over-hasty, and that the Siamese were not to blame.
+
+He made similar remarks about General Lee in Cuba.
+
+He does not seem to want our Consuls to protect our citizens in foreign
+countries, and it is perhaps a good thing for the nation that he has no
+longer the power to hinder them in the performance of their duties.
+
+Consul-General Barrett's claim proves to have been just and right, by the
+action of the Siamese government.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Blondin, the celebrated tight-rope walker, has just died in London, at the
+age of seventy-three.
+
+The performance which made him famous was the crossing of Niagara Falls on
+the tight-rope.
+
+Blondin was a Frenchman, his father having been one of Napoleon's
+soldiers.
+
+A story is told of him that when he was five years old he saw an acrobat
+performing on a tight-rope.
+
+He was so pleased with what he saw, that when he got home he stretched a
+rope between two posts, and, as soon as his mother was out of the way,
+took his father's fishing-rod, and, using it as a balancing pole, made his
+first appearance as a tight-rope walker.
+
+He was trained for an acrobat and tight-rope walking, and came to this
+country with a troup of pantomimists.
+
+While here he visited Niagara Falls, and the idea at once struck him that,
+if he dared to cross those terrible waters on a rope, his fortune would be
+made. He made up his mind to try it, and stayed in the village of Niagara
+for weeks, until he had learned just how it would be possible for him to
+perform the feat.
+
+Then he set about getting the scheme well advertised, and securing plenty
+of money for himself if he succeeded in accomplishing it.
+
+On August 17th, 1859, he made the trip across the Falls in the presence of
+50,000 spectators.
+
+His rope was 175 feet above the waters.
+
+He was not satisfied with merely walking across; he crossed again
+blindfolded, and then carrying a man on his back, and once again wheeling
+a barrow before him.
+
+In the summer of 1860 he crossed once more in the presence of the Prince
+of Wales, and carried a man on his back, whom he set down on the rope six
+times, while he rested.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+News has reached us that a great avalanche of snow has fallen upon the
+Monastery of St. Bernard, and has destroyed the left wing of the building,
+though happily without costing any lives.
+
+[Illustration: The St. Bernard at home.]
+
+The Great St. Bernard is a mountain pass in the Swiss Alps, and the
+monastery was built in the year 963 by a nobleman named Bernard de
+Menthon, for the use of pilgrims on their way to Rome.
+
+As the years have passed away, the pilgrims have become tourists, but
+still the monastery's doors have been open for all who asked for shelter
+there. There is sleeping accommodation for one hundred people, but in bad
+weather as many as six hundred guests have been sheltered at one time.
+
+Snow avalanches like the one which has destroyed the wing of the monastery
+are of frequent occurrence there. An avalanche is a mass of snow, which,
+getting loosened from the mountain heights, falls down to the valley,
+often bearing masses of rock and earth with it. As it sweeps down the
+mountain side it carries all before it, and when it is finally checked in
+its course, it smothers everything around in its mantle of white.
+
+It has always been a part of the monks' duties, after one of these
+dreadful avalanches has passed over, to go out into the mountains and
+search for travellers who may have been buried by it.
+
+To help them in this work they keep a number of the St. Bernard dogs,
+which we all know and love so well.
+
+The monks usually go out each day in couples, taking dogs and servants
+with them.
+
+The dogs can scent out any poor creature who may lie buried in the snow,
+and they run around, sniffing and seeking, seeming thoroughly to
+understand what is expected of them. When they find any one, they howl,
+and scratch at the snow till their masters come to them.
+
+They are so clever that they often show the monks the way home, when all
+traces of the road are shut out by the snow.
+
+Sometimes, when the storm is so bad that the monks dare not venture, the
+dogs are sent out alone, each with a little keg of brandy tied round his
+neck. They find the travellers, and show them the way to the monastery.
+
+One of these wonderful dogs, named Barri, saved twenty persons from a
+horrible death.
+
+                                     GENIE H. ROSENFELD.
+
+
+We stated, in regard to Oscar of Sweden, that the Prince Oscar who married
+Lady Ebba Munck was the eldest son of King Oscar.
+
+We should have said the second son.
+
+                                      THE EDITOR.
+
+
+
+
+LETTERS FROM OUR YOUNG FRIENDS.
+
+
+The Editor has much pleasure in acknowledging letters from Robertson B.,
+Grace K., and M.T.W.
+
+We are very glad to know that the trees that were moved are alive and
+doing well.
+
+
+    DEAR MR. EDITOR:
+
+    I read THE GREAT ROUND WORLD and I think it very nice.
+    I am glad to read in the number for February 25th about the
+    moving of Katonah, for I live in Katonah myself.
+
+    The people of Katonah do not want to have it thought that New
+    York city has made them move because they are careless about
+    their drainage. It is because the city is going to make a new
+    reservoir where the old village of Katonah now stands. Katonah
+    has three churches, a public library and reading-room, a village
+    improvement association, and a graded school, and _was_ proud of
+    itself.
+
+    We hope the new village will be even nicer than the old one. The
+    trees that were moved are living and doing well.
+
+                                             Yours truly,
+                                               ROBERTSON B. (Age 11).
+    KATONAH, N.Y., March 2d, 1897.
+
+
+    DEAR EDITOR:
+
+    I have been reading THE GREAT ROUND WORLD for three or
+    four months, and like it very much. I am particularly interested
+    in the Cubans, and hope they will soon gain their freedom.
+
+    I have just finished "Little Women," and perhaps the other
+    little girls and boys have read it, too. I think it is splendid.
+
+    I am eleven years old, and this is my first letter, so I hope
+    you will publish it.
+
+    Wishing THE GREAT ROUND WORLD continued success, I am
+
+                                                 Yours truly,
+                                                     GRACE K.
+    GREENSBORO, N.C., Feb. 27th, 1897.
+
+
+    DEAR MR. EDITOR:
+
+    My teacher subscribes for your paper for children, so that I
+    learn a great deal. I liked the account about the Nicaragua
+    Canal very much last week, as I know little about it.
+
+    I look every week with pleasure for the coming of THE GREAT
+    ROUND WORLD, as I am so interested in all the news you give
+    us. Wishing your paper great success, I am
+
+                                 Your little reader,
+                                             M.T.W. (Age 9).
+    NEW YORK, March 3d, 1897.
+
+
+
+
+INVENTION AND DISCOVERY.
+
+
+A _new paper doll_ has been invented by a Brooklyn woman.
+
+It is so arranged that the arms and legs are fastened on movable discs,
+and Miss Dolly, instead of being the flat, uninteresting thing that most
+paper dolls are, can move her arms and legs, and attend tea parties, and
+take refreshments, just as any well brought-up stuffed dolly can.
+
+She is to wear a great many beautiful dresses, which will take on and off
+easily, and will be a very nice companion for the little women who live in
+apartments, and have not much room for their dollies.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+_Scissors_ or _shears_.
+
+This is a very useful invention for a boy's tool-box or for mamma's
+work-table.
+
+It is a combination affair. In the first place, it looks like an ordinary
+pair of scissors. But when you open them to cut anything, you get the
+first surprise: one of the blades is marked off in inches, half-inches,
+quarters, eighths, and sixteenths.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Then when you are prepared for the wonders these shears have to show, you
+find that on one handle is a hammer-head, and that they can be used as a
+hammer. Close to the hammer-head a screw-driver is arranged. At the point
+of the shears is an awl for boring holes; and, most practical of all, the
+scissors when they are opened out form a perfect carpenter's square.
+
+This wonderful tool was invented by Benjamin Ford, of Newcastle, Maine.
+Any boy who has such a pair of shears, and a paper of screws in his
+pocket, can build and make to his heart's content, and the happy mother
+who has this tool on her work-table is done forever with breaking her back
+over the tool-chest, to find some particularly elusive screw-driver or
+gimlet.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+_Photographs in relief._
+
+A new plan in regard to photographs has been invented.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+It is to take a photograph, similar to the one that is to be embossed,
+and, after cutting it in a certain way, press the portions outward that it
+is desired shall stand in relief.
+
+An open mask of the same shape as the photograph is then used, and the two
+photographs are dampened and pressed tightly together until the face and
+figure stand out from the card, and the picture looks as if it had been
+carved in wood.
+
+This is a very ingenious invention, but the work is very difficult, and
+can only be done by people who are regularly trained to do it.
+
+                                                      G.H.R.
+
+
+       *       *        *       *       *
+
+FIRST BOUND VOLUMES
+
+OF....
+
+=The Great Round World=
+
+_Containing Nos. 1 to 15_
+
+=WILL BE READY MARCH 20TH=
+
+THESE VOLUMES WILL BE IN STRONG CLOTH, WITH TITLE ON BACK AND SIDE, WITH A
+HANDSOME DESIGN....
+
+=Price, Postage Paid, $1.25=
+
+Subscribers wishing their numbers bound will send them (express paid),
+enclosing 35 cents to cover cost of binding. Missing numbers or
+supplements will be supplied until exhausted, at regular price.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+    WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON
+
+    _3 & 5 West 18th Street, New York City_
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOUR FAMOUS BOOKS
+
+Every boy and girl is interested in what is going on about them. The
+authors of this series have gathered together the most interesting kind of
+information, and have told it in a most entertaining way.
+
+Copies will be sent post-paid to any address upon receipt of price named.
+
+    1. =Foods and Beverages=, by E.A. BEAL, M.D. Contains
+    reading lessons on the various kinds of Foods and their hygienic
+    values; on Grains, Fruits, and useful Plants, with elementary
+    botanical instruction relating thereto; and on other common
+    subjects of interest and importance to all, old and young. 281
+    pages. Cloth, 60 cents.
+
+    2. =Every-Day Occupations=, by H. WARREN CLIFFORD, S.D.
+    Quantities of useful facts entertainingly told, relating to work
+    and workers. How Leather is Tanned; How Silk is Made; The
+    Mysteries of Glass-Making, of Cotton Manufacture, of
+    Cloth-Making, of Ship and House Building; The Secrets of the
+    Dyer's Art and the Potter's Skill--all and more are described
+    and explained in detail with wonderful clearness. 330 pages.
+    Cloth, 60 cents.
+
+    3. =Man and Materials=, by WM. G. PARKER, M.E. Shows
+    how man has raised himself from savagery to civilization by
+    utilizing the raw material of the earth. Brings for the first
+    time the wonderful natural resources of the United States to the
+    notice of American children. The progress of the Metal-Working
+    arts simply described and very attractively illustrated. 323
+    pages. Cloth, 60 cents.
+
+    4. =Modern Industries and Commerce=, by ROBERT LOUIS,
+    PH.D. Treats of commerce and the different means of
+    conveyance used in different eras. Highways, Canals. Tunnels,
+    Railroads, and the Steam Engine are discussed in an entertaining
+    way. Other subjects are Paper Manufacture, Newspapers, Electric
+    Light, Atlantic Cable, the Telephone, and the principal newer
+    commercial applications of Electricity, etc. 329 pages. Cloth,
+    60 cents.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WOOD'S
+
+Natural History Readers.
+
+By the REV. J.G. WOOD, M.A.,
+
+_Author of "Homes without Hands," etc._
+
+
+=First Reader.= Short and simple stories about Common Domestic Animals 25
+cts.
+
+=Second Reader.= Short and simple stories about Animals of the Fields,
+Birds, etc. 36 cts.
+
+=Third Reader.= Descriptive of Familiar Animals and some of their wild
+relations 50 cts.
+
+=Fourth Reader.= The Monkey Tribe, the Bat Tribe, the Mole, Ox, Horse,
+Elephant, etc 65 cts.
+
+=Fifth Reader.= Birds, Reptiles, Fishes, etc. 65 cts.
+
+=Sixth Reader.= Mollusks, Crustacea, Spiders, Insects, Corals, Jelly Fish,
+Sponges, etc. 65 cts.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON=
+    =3 & 5 West 18th Street, - - - - NEW YORK=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE GREAT ROUND WORLD
+
+NATURAL HISTORY
+
+STORIES.
+
+A Series of True Stories
+
+BY
+
+JULIA TRUITT BISHOP.
+
+Attractively Illustrated by Barnes.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+These stories will be issued in parts. Price, 10 cents each. Subscription
+price (12 numbers), $1.00. Part 1. issued as supplement to GREAT ROUND
+WORLD. 19.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =Author's Preface.=
+
+    The stories published in this little volume have been issued
+    from time to time in the Philadelphia _Times_, and it is at the
+    request of many readers that they now greet the world in more
+    enduring form. They have been written as occasion suggested,
+    during several years; and they commemorate to me many of the
+    friends I have known and loved in the animal world. "Shep" and
+    "Dr. Jim," "Abdallah" and "Brownie," "Little Dryad" and
+    "Peek-a-Boo." I have been fast friends with every one, and have
+    watched them with such loving interest that I knew all their
+    ways and could almost read their thoughts. I send them on to
+    other lovers of dumb animals, hoping that the stories of these
+    friends of mine will carry pleasure to young and old.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON,=
+
+    =3 & 5 West 18th Street.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Great Round World Polisher
+
+    =Will take rust off your wheel, will polish your skates, your
+    gun, your fishing-reel--any and every polished metal surface can
+    be kept clean with it. .. .. .. .. .. ..=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It will polish knives--can be used as a knife sharpener. Put up in small
+packages convenient to carry in your bicycle tool-bag; full directions
+with each package.
+
+=BEWARE OF IMITATIONS. THIS POLISHER IS FULLY WARRANTED BY "THE GREAT
+ROUND WORLD."= If it does not do all that we say, and a great deal more,
+we will refund amount paid at any time. =CHEAP AND DURABLE=--will remain
+good until last morsel is used up. =NON-POISONOUS!!=
+
+Every boy or girl, man or woman, can use it safely.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =Price, 25 cents (13 two-cent stamps), postage paid to any address.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =CAN BE OBTAINED BY ALL FIRST-CLASS DEALERS.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON,
+    5 West 18th Street, New York City.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =EVERY PACKAGE BEARS THIS NAME.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+SUPPLEMENT TO
+
+[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+VOL. 1   MARCH 25, 1897.    NO. 20
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ABOUT GREECE AND CRETE.
+
+Do you know, my dear young friends, that you and I ought to be very glad
+and grateful that we are _Americans_?
+
+Does it ever occur to you that while millions of people in other lands are
+to-day suffering unspeakably from cruelty and oppression, it is your happy
+lot to live under a government which makes such wrongs impossible?
+
+You have seen what Cuba is willing to suffer, if she can only get away
+from the oppression of Spain. You have seen that she considers no
+sacrifices too great, that she will surrender fortune, happiness, and life
+itself, will endure lingering tortures and death in solitary dungeons; and
+all this, just that she may secure the very freedom which you and I enjoy
+so carelessly!
+
+And now, from the Southeastern end of Europe, there has come another
+supplicating voice, from another island.
+
+The little island of Crete, in the grasp of a hand infinitely more cruel
+than Spain's, has declared she would rather perish than remain longer at
+the mercy of the Turk.
+
+What could such a little atom of a country do alone? One can only wonder
+that she ever dared to _dream_ of freedom! But a desire for freedom makes
+frail, weak bodies marvellously strong sometimes. She resolved that she
+would not longer endure the Turkish yoke; and she called to her old
+kinsmen in Greece to come and take her into their Christian kingdom. She
+said: "We are the same in race and in religion, let us become one in
+country, too."
+
+This is not the first despairing cry that has come from the Sultan's
+dominions. Again and again have they rung through Europe in the last
+century.
+
+The rule of the Ottoman Empire (or Turkey) is the most corrupt, cruel, and
+degrading in the world. We have seen that Spain is grasping, avaricious,
+and a hard mother to her distant Colonies, which she treats like slaves
+rather than children. But for all that Spain is brave and chivalric. She
+has a _sense_ of honor and of justice, even if she violates it, and--she
+is _Christian_.
+
+But Turkey--Mohammedan Turkey, has not one of these qualities. She has no
+conscience, no shame, no remorse for terrible deeds done; indeed, the
+murder of Christians is the surest and swiftest passport to her heaven!
+Thousands and thousands of Christians perish by the sword every year in
+the Ottoman Empire, and awful cruelties are committed every day upon the
+living.
+
+Now you ask why the Christian nations of Europe permit these things to
+be; and you naturally suppose it goes on because they cannot help it. Not
+at all.
+
+Any one of the great nations of Europe could sweep the decaying old
+Mohammedan Empire out of existence in one campaign; and the six combined
+Powers, England, Russia, Austria, Germany, France, and Italy, could do it
+in six hours! Then why do they not?
+
+Simply because Turkey occupies the most important and valuable
+_strategical position_ on the earth. And each of these great nations is in
+mortal fear that some of the others will get possession of it.
+
+I have already told you about the immense importance of these "strategic
+points" in the great game of European politics or diplomacy, and how
+eagerly the nations are all the time watching for opportunities to secure
+them.
+
+If you will look at your map, you will see that Turkey lies at the gateway
+which separates the Eastern world from the Western. The vast and beautiful
+region ruled by the Sultan, and known as the "Ottoman Empire," lies partly
+in Asia, partly in Europe, and partly in Africa.
+
+Stretching over a vast expanse behind the Sultan is _India_--that India,
+which has been for centuries the coveted treasure-house of the world. With
+his back turned upon this marvellous India, the Sultan's face is turned
+toward Europe, where six great Empires are looking with eager and longing
+eyes at the golden prize behind him in the East; and each glaring
+suspiciously and defiantly at the other at the slightest move toward the
+coveted land, to which the Ottoman Empire bars the way.
+
+So you can see that disturbing the Turk while he is butchering Christians
+might be dangerous business for these Great Powers.
+
+England knows that Russia is watching her opportunity to slip in at the
+first opening, and may get to the prize first. And Russia, and Germany,
+and the rest all alike fear the same thing of each other. If any one of
+them _alone_ should make a move against the Turk,--the rest, like a pack
+of wolves, would be at her throat in an hour.
+
+So the Powers must all act together or in _concert_. And this is what is
+known as the "Concert of Europe."
+
+And this much talked-of Concert of Europe has for its chief object the
+preservation of the _balance of power._ That is, not permitting any one of
+the European States to become very much more powerful than it already is,
+and thus disturb the _equilibrium_ of the whole.
+
+This delicate condition of affairs regarding Turkey is known as the
+"Eastern Question." And it is considered so important because, more than
+any other, it threatens the "balance of power."
+
+Whether Russia, or England, or Germany would be richer after an upset in
+Turkey, no one can tell. But it is pretty certain that new maps would have
+to take the place of your old ones, with the familiar outlines of some of
+the European States much altered.
+
+So the Christian Powers have been for a century trying not to hear the
+cries of anguish and terror coming from the Ottoman Empire, because
+European diplomacy has decided that the only safe course is to let the
+"unspeakable Turk" stay where he is; and the Sultan, secure in his foul,
+crime-stained old Empire, which is tottering and crumbling under his feet,
+laughs softly, and rubs his hands in pleasant satisfaction, and the
+butchery goes on.
+
+But recently the cries from Armenia became so piercing, so heartrending,
+and so prolonged, that the Christian people in Europe would stand it no
+longer. They demanded that, come what would, the Powers _must_ put a stop
+to the wholesale slaughter of Armenian Christians.
+
+So the six Ambassadors of the six Great European States came together and
+gravely discussed what should be done.
+
+One of the ways of diplomacy is to act very slowly. This gives time for
+things to come right again of themselves, and also time for the people to
+cool down, and not disturb the game by foolish outbursts of sentiment.
+
+And another of the ways of diplomacy in this Eastern Question has been,
+with great show of indignation, to threaten the Sultan with destruction
+unless--he promises certain reforms for the future.
+
+This, of course, he is perfectly willing to do. He solemnly pledges
+protection to the Christians, and punishment to their persecutors, without
+the slightest intention of carrying out the promised reforms. Indeed, he
+knows that he could not do it even if he wanted to. And the Powers know it
+too, just as well as they know _they_ would not carry out their threat to
+destroy his rickety throne.
+
+But all this talk gives time, and two or three more years are thus gained
+for the Sultan and for the Powers, too; and in the mean time the people
+are pacified, because they think something is being done toward wiping
+out the great iniquity in the East.
+
+But as I said, the Ambassadors of the six Powers not long ago came
+together, and under instructions from their various governments talked
+over the Armenian atrocities. Just as they were cautiously and solemnly
+preparing their decision, or _ultimatum_, as it is called (which was the
+old threat to the Sultan if the Christians were not protected), something
+unexpected happened.
+
+It was not a part of the diplomatic game at all; and it was the act of an
+insignificant Kingdom, which had nothing whatever to say in the great
+European Concert.
+
+The name of this insignificant Kingdom is the most splendid and renowned
+in the history of the world.
+
+For two thousand years people in all other lands have been trying to do
+things as well as they did. But no such pictures, no such statues, no such
+architecture as theirs has ever been produced. No men have talked and
+thought as wisely upon great subjects. No poets have excelled theirs in
+grandeur. No women have been more perfect types of beauty and refinement;
+and no men more liberty-loving, grand, and heroic.
+
+Now, do you know the name of this people? They were the _Ancient Greeks_.
+And the brave little Kingdom which has just upset all the calculations of
+the Great Powers is _Modern Greece_.
+
+Since the days of her ancient splendor, poor Greece, shorn of all her
+glory, has been terribly humiliated.
+
+First, the Romans broke her power; then the Venetians tore her from the
+Romans; and then, worse than all, she became a slave to the Turk. For a
+Christian nation, that means all possible suffering. And for five hundred
+years she was scourged and insulted by her Mohammedan master.
+
+In the year 1820 the Greeks on the little peninsula resolved to be free,
+or to perish.
+
+Like Cuba, they struggled. For nine long years Europe looked calmly on.
+Then people began to wonder at the invincible spirit of these new Greeks,
+and finally the world rang with praises of their valor, and there was an
+outburst of popular sympathy. Men from England and other lands volunteered
+to help them in their splendid fight for liberty. And Lord Byron, the
+great English poet, laid down his life in their cause.
+
+At last the Great Powers began to think it would not be a bad thing to
+have a Christian race ruling the classic peninsula. And England, France,
+and Russia decided to help to put the little kingdom on its feet, and
+appointed its ruler.
+
+They first selected Prince Alfred, Victoria's second son. But this did not
+give satisfaction. Finally, Otho, son of the King of Bavaria, was chosen,
+and then elected by the people, first king of Greece.
+
+That was in 1835. In 1863, Otho was deposed, and a new king had to be
+found. The selection has proved to be a very wise one. King George was the
+son of Christian IX. of Denmark, and is therefore the brother of the
+Princess of Wales. During his reign of thirty-four years, Greece has
+steadily improved.
+
+But all of the Greek Christians were not freed by this heroic struggle.
+There still remained several millions of their race in Macedonia and other
+parts of the Ottoman Empire. These people have looked on enviously at the
+prosperity and freedom of their kinsmen in Greece, and are always planning
+and hoping for the time when they, too, may break the Turkish yoke.
+
+Twenty thousand of these Greeks live on the island of _Crete_, where they
+suffer unspeakably; not alone from the cruel oppression of Ottoman rule,
+but from the persecutions and daily conflicts with the Mohammedans who
+live with them on the island.
+
+If you will examine a map of Europe, you will see the Greek peninsula,
+looking as if it had been broken into fragments and half devoured by the
+sea. Just south of its ragged edge lies this little island of _Crete_, of
+which all the world is talking to-day.
+
+It looks as if one of the fragments of Greece had broken off and floated
+away a short distance, and was waiting for the tide to come some day and
+carry it back to its old home.
+
+And that is just what happened long, long ago; and it seems now as if the
+tide had set in, which is going to float it back to its old moorings by
+its motherland.
+
+The island of Crete originally belonged to Greece. It is one of the most
+classic spots in the world. For there, on and about Mount Ida, Jupiter,
+the great god of Greek mythology, is supposed to have spent his boy-hood.
+And Homer sung about this island, too. And he has described its _ninety
+cities_--which surprises us very much when we reflect that the island is a
+narrow strip of land only one hundred and fifty miles long; so that the
+ninety cities must have been set close together, like a string of beads!
+
+However this may be, it has just three towns now, which are making history
+for Europe in a very remarkable fashion; and are more talked about to-day
+than London, Paris, and St. Petersburg.
+
+Ever since the Greeks struggled into freedom, seventy-five years ago, and
+became an independent kingdom, it has been the dream of the Cretans to get
+back to their mother country. Recently their sufferings have been past
+endurance, and at last, in their helpless wretchedness, they cried out to
+Greece to come and take them under her protection. They said: "We are one
+with you in race and in religion. We speak your language; you are our
+natural rulers. Let us be a part of your Christian kingdom."
+
+With splendid daring and enthusiasm Greece responded to the appeal.
+
+King George sent men and arms and ships, and his brave young son Prince
+George as Admiral of the fleet, and declared his determination at all
+hazards to take the island under his protection. Not only would he fight
+the Turks in Crete or in Greece, but he would carry the war into the
+Ottoman Empire itself, if necessary.
+
+The Powers were aghast. Fight the Turk! Was that not the very thing they
+had for a century been trying _not_ to do? Disturb the Sultan in those
+dominions of which he was the only safe and harmless occupant! Tear away
+the barrier between Europe and Asia, and let the torrent rush through--the
+prizes going to the strongest! What madness--what folly! What impertinence
+for this King George to assume such a responsibility, and to invite such a
+crisis!
+
+But King George never wavered in his purpose. The Powers sent demands,
+and then threats, but all were met firmly by the reply, that _he should
+not withdraw his troops from Crete_.
+
+What made it more difficult and exasperating was that the people--the
+people, who are always giving their rulers so much trouble, and making it
+so hard for them--were wildly applauding King George and the Greeks for
+the firm stand they had taken, and saying that the old fire which burned
+at Marathon and Thermopylć had not been extinguished; that the modern
+Greeks were the worthy sons of a great race!
+
+In England, France, and Italy, public opinion has to be listened to, if
+their Governments would stand! When the Ambassadors and the Ministers of
+these three countries read the papers and the telegrams, they began to go
+very slowly and cautiously. But Germany and Russia, although bound, as I
+have already told you, by close family relationships to the King of
+Greece, were in hot indignation that he should have audaciously raised
+such a storm. He must be stopped at once in a course which might embroil
+Europe in a war with Turkey; and more than that, he must be punished.
+
+Then there were more conferences, which were more solemn than before:
+three of the Ministers (Salisbury, Hanotaux, and Rudini) not very sure
+that an indignant people might not even then be planning their overthrow;
+and the other three, with no such apprehension, urging extreme and severe
+measures against Greece.
+
+At last they thought they had found a safe compromise.
+
+They would demand that the Sultan should give up Crete, which should have
+its own government, or _autonomy_, as it is called, with a ruler whom
+they, the Powers, should select. Greece must go home with her troops and
+her ships, and have nothing hereafter to do with the fate of the island.
+
+This was considered a wise solution of the difficulty. It would satisfy
+public opinion in Europe, while at the same time it properly humiliated
+Greece, who would be rebuked before all the world.
+
+Again something unexpected happened. The stalwart, stubborn Cretans had
+their own views and preferences.
+
+They did not want autonomy at all. What they desired was _union with
+Greece_; and Greece declared her unaltered and unalterable determination
+to stand by the island at any cost, and to protect her from being coerced
+into a political condition she did not desire.
+
+One small, feeble nation dared to stand up and defy the combined power of
+Europe!
+
+There was indignation and amazement among the Powers, who after further
+consultation sent an ultimatum to Greece and to Turkey. They must both
+withdraw from the island of Crete within six days, or the combined fleets
+of six European States would compel them to do it.
+
+The polite Sultan, who never refuses demands, of course consented at once.
+
+But what do you think was the reply of the Prime Minister of Greece?
+
+They were brave words! He said: _"Greece would rather be wiped off the map
+of Europe than yield to the threat of the Powers!"_
+
+There were twenty thousand of her countrymen on the island, helpless,
+defenceless, among fierce and cruel Mohammedans. Greece had promised them
+protection. She would _not_ leave them to their fate!
+
+But in the mean time the storm clouds have been gathering in other parts
+of the sky. The people in England and France and Italy are asking very
+significantly whether their Governments are expecting them to fire upon a
+Christian army and the Cross, in defence of the rights of the Mohammedan
+Empire and the Crescent?
+
+In addition to this, another storm cloud seems to be forming over the
+Ottoman Empire itself. There are indications of a general uprising where
+Greek Christians abound.
+
+If the clouds over Turkey and those over Europe should unite--what then?
+The Powers could fight battalions; but could they stand before a whirlwind
+of popular sentiment?
+
+Macedonia has no doubt long cherished the hope of a reunion with Greece;
+and the other Grćco-Turkish provinces too. Perhaps they think the hour is
+at hand for realizing that hope!
+
+Nor is it strange if Greece also has been long hoping that when the
+Ottoman Empire did finally crumble--as it must--she might out of the wreck
+be able to bring together the long-separated fragments of her race.
+
+God grant there may be no conflict between Greece and Europe. But if it
+does come--and if a general overturning follows, as it might--it is not
+impossible that Greece may come out of it a new and greater kingdom, by a
+reunion of the scattered Hellenic (or Greek) peoples.
+
+It is not at all improbable that some such dream of Hellenic unity
+underlies the extraordinary drama we are witnessing in the East.
+
+Of course, it is wise to try and avert a great European war. And of
+course, diplomacy and tact are needed in dealing with such a delicate and
+complicated situation. But there are two opposing parties in England which
+hold different views as to the policy which should be pursued in this
+"Eastern Question."
+
+Mr. Gladstone, the great and sagacious statesman, has always insisted that
+whatever the result, _the Christians in Turkey should be protected by
+Christian Europe_; and that the British policy should be a straightforward
+and resolute dealing with the Sultan. That is, if promised reforms are not
+carried out in good faith by him, the Powers should fulfil their threats
+to destroy his authority in his Empire.
+
+About forty years ago the opposite policy was advocated (if not created)
+by another great leader and statesman, Lord Beaconsfield; and has ever
+since been the one pursued by Great Britain.
+
+Its main purpose is to keep the wicked old Ottoman Empire undisturbed, and
+to shield it from the indignation of Europe.
+
+Here and there the Sultan is compelled to loosen his grasp upon some
+exasperated and suffering province like Crete, which is set up as an
+_autonomous_ (or self-governing) principality (or kingdom), under a double
+protection from Turkey and Europe.
+
+This looks kind, and as if the Sultan was being severely dealt with and
+punished. But at the same time the knowledge of Turkish atrocities is
+being carefully suppressed; and harrowing stories of cruelties in Bulgaria
+a few years ago, and in Armenia to-day, are listened to with smiling
+incredulity; because it is inconvenient to take notice of these things
+while the situation in the East is critical.
+
+Some people think this is a very crooked and shuffling policy for the
+great British Empire to pursue. And others, that the Gladstone policy is
+sentimental and dangerous.
+
+Of course, the policy which has been for years adopted by England is
+controlled entirely by motives of _interest_, and has not one lofty
+purpose in it. But when there was talk of making war upon Greece in
+_defence of the rights of the Sultan_, the Government realized it had gone
+one step too far.
+
+The people would not, and _will_ not permit it. And we are rejoiced to
+know that the good and gracious Queen herself protests against such an
+act, and is deeply in sympathy with Greece and the Cretans.
+
+It looks now very much as if the much-talked-of Concert of Europe was
+about to break in two as cleanly as an orange. Russia, Germany, and
+Austria in one half; and England, France, and Italy in the other.
+
+The Emperor of Germany is very angry at the desertion of the other three
+States, and threatens dire and dreadful things.
+
+The young Czar of Russia, with his gentle eyes and delicate face, does not
+look capable of severity.
+
+But he is a Russian. And he has settled himself in the seat of his
+ancestors, evidently with a stern purpose of carrying out their despotic
+policy.
+
+Small matter is it that King George of Greece is his mother's brother.
+Small matter that the young Admiral of the Greek fleet is his cousin and
+loved companion, whose quick, strong arm and ready courage saved his life
+in Japan five years ago.
+
+He will not be swerved by personal influences from the course demanded by
+Russian interests.
+
+The Emperor of Austria has no family ties, no personal feelings to sway
+him; and he is the natural ally of despotic Russia and Germany.
+
+With these three men, lies the fate of Greece, Crete, and perhaps the
+"Eastern Question" to-day.
+
+Will they meet the other three States half-way, and effect a peaceful
+compromise? Or will they carry out the threat of the German Emperor, and,
+in the words of her own brave Prime Minister:
+
+_"Wipe Greece off the map of Europe"?_
+
+Now this is the story of the Greek and Cretan troubles of which every one
+is talking in Europe and in America.
+
+Some time it will be printed in grave-looking histories, and will perhaps
+seem very dry and dull to the young people who have to commit to memory
+the strange names of men and places, and perhaps, the dates of great
+battles fought!
+
+It is your privilege to read this thrilling story from day to day, as it
+unfolds.
+
+The European and Cuban despatches which your fathers and brothers eagerly
+read and talk about at breakfast every morning, are _history_. Not dried
+and pressed between the covers of a school-book, with all the life and
+spirit taken out of it; but history warm and palpitating with life;
+telling of things which happened yesterday, and are happening to-day, and
+which we all fear or else long for to-morrow.
+
+Every American with the blood of a patriot in his veins is longing to
+hear to-morrow that _Cuba_ is free, and that _Crete_ is safely restored to
+the arms of Greece. This will happily close two of the most thrilling
+chapters in the history of modern times.
+
+                                     MARY PLATT PARMELE.
+
+
+
+
+SUPPLEMENT TO:::
+
+=THE=
+
+=Great Round World=
+
+=AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT=
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+VOL. 1    MARCH 25, 1897.    NO. 20
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+JUNO.
+
+
+Juno was the cat. We all knew perfectly well that there never had been
+such a cat as Juno. Not that she was so fine-looking, or so expensive. She
+would never have taken a prize at a cat show, unless it might have been
+the booby prize. She was the very plainest kind of a brindled cat, and she
+wandered into our house from the street during her early kittenhood and
+calmly established herself in mother's work-basket.
+
+From that time on Juno had been the friend and playmate of the younger
+generation. She never seemed like an animal to any of us. Many a time I
+have heard Ned apologize for having unintentionally hurt Juno, with the
+exclamation:
+
+"Oh, excuse me, Juno, I didn't mean to do that!"
+
+After which Juno always purred softly, and showed that she had forgiven
+him.
+
+But the one thing that specially distinguished Juno from all the other
+cats that I ever knew, was her big-hearted motherhood. If Juno had been a
+woman, how many desolate orphans she would have cared for! She would have
+given them summer outings, no doubt, and would have filled their
+stockings brimful at Christmas time.
+
+Not being a woman, Juno did her best, nevertheless, to make the world a
+little easier for all the orphans she knew. What a heart must have beaten
+under that gray fur! Ned and I often talked of it, and were filled with
+regret that Juno could not understand our language so that we could talk
+to her and get her views on the subject.
+
+There was the time when she adopted the chicken, for instance. We knew
+Juno so well that we felt perfectly certain how she looked at those
+things, and so when the old yellow hen declined to acknowledge the little
+black chicken as hers, and pecked its head whenever it went near her, we
+took the helpless and disowned orphan and put it in Juno's bed, between
+the two kittens.
+
+"There, Juno," said Ned, by way of explanation to her look of
+astonishment, "there's a child that's been deserted by its unfeeling
+mother; I wish you'd look after it."
+
+And Juno took the chicken and held it with one paw while she licked it all
+over, though I am not sure that she liked the taste of the soft down that
+covered the little stranger. She kept the chicken all that night and every
+night afterwards until it considered itself big enough to go alone.
+
+How we used to laugh to see Juno walking about the yard with her
+foster-child chirping after her, or to see the chicken run to her and
+insist on being hovered!
+
+[Illustration]
+
+As time passed the adopted child became independent and needed no further
+guardianship, yet the friendliest relations existed between the two. Even
+after the chicken was grown and had chickens of her own they seldom met in
+their promenades about the place that Juno did not pause to rub her head
+affectionately against the neck of the orphan that she had brought up.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Juno was about a year older, I think, when there was a death in her
+family. The one little kitten that she loved with all her mother heart
+died and left her desolate. It was a very sad occasion, I remember, but we
+had a great funeral. We dug the grave at the end of the garden. Johnny's
+express wagon was the hearse, and Johnny drew it, and was very serious
+indeed. We borrowed Mrs. Martin's baby carriage, and that was the mourning
+coach. Juno rode in it, with Ned and Gimps walking one on each side and
+holding her in. I pushed the coach, while a long procession of the
+neighbors' children came behind, crying with all their might. We sung a
+hymn at the grave, and did everything we could to soothe Juno's grief.
+
+But Juno would not be reconciled. She drooped around and mewed so
+pitifully for several days that we could not endure it; so we went to a
+neighbor's cat that had more kittens than she needed, and borrowed one of
+them for Juno. Dear me, how proud she was of it, and how she took it in
+her arms and cuddled it up close to her! The whole family came out to look
+at her, and the Colonel said:
+
+"And this is only a cat! What great tenderness there should be in the
+human heart when a poor little animal can be like this!"
+
+And the next day Uncle Dick, who was a great favorite with all of us, rode
+up to the fence and shouted cheerily:
+
+"Hello, boys! Here is a present for you. I killed a mother fox at the
+mouth of her hole, and here is one of her babies."
+
+And he reached down into his pocket and drew out a baby fox about as large
+as an interrogation point, but the funniest and sharpest little thing you
+ever saw, though its eyes were not open yet.
+
+With one accord we shouted:
+
+"There's a baby for Juno!" and away we ran with it and laid it beside the
+new kitten.
+
+Juno arose and looked the little stranger over with evident anxiety. She
+seemed to be troubled with some haunting suspicion that this was not an
+orthodox cat. The bushy red tail was a special subject of curiosity. She
+touched it up with her paw and looked at it with her head on one side.
+
+For several dreadful minutes we were afraid that Juno was going to leave
+an orphan on our hands; but we did not know her, after all. In a few
+moments she reached the conclusion that the fox was probably a cat of some
+new and interesting kind, and she lay down again, purring softly, and took
+the little stranger to her heart.
+
+Such a pair as those two did make! We named the fox Flash, and he was the
+pride and the delight of the family. In a few days after his adoption Juno
+came to look on him as quite the most beautiful creature she had ever
+seen, and she showed a decided partiality for him. When she moved her
+family from the stable to mother's room, which she did systematically
+every morning, she always carried Flash in first and laid him on the rug
+with an air of pride impossible to describe.
+
+"No, no, Juno," mother would say, "he is very pretty, but I can't have him
+here."
+
+But Juno would run back after the kitten, and, having toiled upstairs with
+it, would lay it on the rug also and lie down beside it, as though she
+would say:
+
+"I'd like to see you move me now!"
+
+Within a month Flash could run everywhere, and he was the brightest, the
+sharpest, the merriest little fellow that ever kept a respectable cat in
+trouble with his escapades. That sharp nose of his was everywhere at once,
+it seemed to me, and those bright eyes were peering into every corner in
+search of mischief. He trotted about the house with a swaggering
+impudence, and went to bed in one of the Colonel's shoes if he liked, or
+played hide and seek in father's hat when he found it convenient.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+As for the life he led poor Juno, we often wondered why she did not turn
+grayer than ever, having to deal with this graceless young reprobate. If
+he found her trying to sleep a little, he would bite her ears and pull at
+her tail, bracing himself back on all four of his absurd little feet, and
+sometimes tumbling over in his excitement; and he rolled over her and
+growled and worried her until she must have been almost on the verge of
+insomnia! Yet she never boxed his ears once, much as he deserved it.
+
+As the kitten grew older and able to take part in the play, what romps the
+three used to have! How many times I have seen them rushing through the
+house in wild pursuit of one another, making as much noise as a drove of
+horses, mother said, with the fox in the lead, and the cats chasing him,
+and all the children running to look.
+
+But their favorite playground was in the yard, where the fountain was,
+with its big circular basin. Around and around this basin they flew, and
+Flash always gained on his pursuers until he came up with them, vaulted
+over them, and was in front again, slipping out of sight like a spirit. I
+suppose most animals enjoy themselves, but I am sure I never saw animals
+have a better time than Juno and those two children of hers.
+
+And the good times went on without diminution for many a day. Flash grew
+to be almost as large as his mother, but if he ever realized that he was
+not a cat we never knew it. He was as familiar in the house as though he
+owned it. When Ned and I were going to bed in the dark one night, and put
+out our hands to turn down the bedclothes, we touched something soft and
+furry, and we had both tumbled half-way down the stairs before we realized
+that Juno and Flash had gone to sleep in our bed.
+
+And all the time how Juno loved the fox! She scarcely ever came near him
+without stopping to rub her head against him affectionately, or to lick
+his sharp little ears. She never did grow indifferent to this child of the
+forest that she had raised as her own. Perhaps it would have been better
+if she had not cared so much.
+
+One day a strange dog slipped in at the gate while some one was passing
+out. The fox had never been hurt in his life, and he felt no fear of
+anything. He trotted up to the dog with his inquisitive nose in the air,
+and before any one could speak or move, the dog had seized him and was
+shaking the life out of him.
+
+I never shall forget how we ran from the sight of it, when the dog was
+beaten away. But when we stole back after a while, Juno was with Flash,
+and was licking his face and trying her best to help him. Even the
+Colonel could not bear to see her, but went away and shut himself up.
+
+As for poor Flash, his day was done, and the merry little heart was still.
+And a few hours later there was another grave at the foot of the garden.
+
+We tried very hard after that to make Juno forget her loss, but she would
+not forget. She missed the child that she had loved so tenderly, and broke
+away from our caresses to go mewing from room to room, or to sit by the
+fountain, filling the air with disconsolate wails. She would not touch the
+food we offered her, though we saved her the most tempting morsels.
+
+Of course this could not go on long. One night, a week after the death of
+Flash, Juno stretched herself out on the rug and died as quietly as
+though she had fallen to sleep; and we all cried as though our hearts
+would break.
+
+"And this is only a cat," said the Colonel. "Think what human grief must
+be when a mere animal could grieve like this!"
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 20, March 25, 1897, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND ***
+
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+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Great Round World, March 25th, 1897, by Julia Truitt Bishop, ed.
+    </title>
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 1, No. 20, March 25, 1897, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 20, March 25, 1897
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: March 21, 2005 [EBook #15428]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy, and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team. (www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<p><a name="Page_509" id="Page_509"></a></p>
+
+<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/covera.jpg" alt="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" title="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" /></p>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="subscription, date and volume">
+<tr><td align='center'><span class='smcap'>Subscription Price</span>,</td>
+<td align='center'><b>MARCH 25, 1897</b></td>
+<td align='left'><b>Vol. 1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class='smcap'>No</span>. 20</b></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='center'>$2.50 PER YEAR</td>
+<td align='left'>[Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second-class matter]</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p class="figcenter"><a href="./images/coverb.jpg"><img src="./images/coverb-tb.jpg" alt="Cover Illlustration, Globe" title="Cover Illlustration, Globe" /></a></p>
+
+<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/coverc.jpg" alt="William Beverley Harison, Publisher" title="William Beverley Harison, Publisher" /></p>
+
+<p class='center'><b>Copyrighted 1897, By <span class='smcap'>William Beverley Harison</span></b><a name="Page_510" id="Page_510"></a></p>
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+<h2>NOTICE</h2>
+
+<h2><span class="u">Booksellers and Newsdealers</span></h2>
+
+<p>will furnish at price advertised any book named in <span class='smcap'>Great Round
+World</span>, or copies of <b>The Great Round World</b>. Subscriptions, either
+single or in quantity, or at club rates, may be placed with booksellers or
+newsdealers in any town. We allow them commission on <b>all such business</b>,
+that our customers may be promptly and satisfactorily served. If your
+bookseller or newsdealer does not keep <span class='smcap'>The Great Round World</span> call
+his attention to this notice, and ask him to write to</p>
+
+<p class='center'>
+<b>WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON, 3 &amp; 5 W. 18th Street,</b><br />
+<b>NEW YORK CITY.</b>
+<a name="Page_511" id="Page_511"></a></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>School and College Text-Books</h2>
+
+<h4>AT WHOLESALE PRICES</h4>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">At my New Store (FEBRUARY 1ST)</span></p>
+
+<h3>3 &amp; 5 West 18th Street</h3>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 22em;"><i>The St. Ann Building</i></span>
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>With the greatly increased facilities I can now offer to my customers the
+convenience of an assortment of text-books and supplies more complete than
+any other in any store in this city. Books will be classified according to
+subject. Teachers and students are invited to call and refer to the
+shelves when in search of information; every convenience and assistance
+will be rendered them.</p>
+
+<p>Reading Charts, miscellaneous Reference Charts, Maps, Globes, Blackboards,
+and School Supplies at net prices singly or in quantity.</p>
+
+<p>All books removed from old store (more or less damaged by removal) will be
+closed out at low prices.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p class='center'>
+<i>Mail orders promptly attended to<br />
+All books, etc., subject to approval</i>
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p class='center'><b>William Beverley Harison, 3 &amp; 5 West 18th Street</b></p>
+
+<p class='center'><b>FORMERLY 59 FIFTH AVENUE</b></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<p><a name="Page_512" id="Page_512"></a></p>
+
+
+<h3>FOR SALE</h3>
+
+<h2>10,000 STANDARD SCHOOL-BOOKS</h2>
+
+<h6>MORE OR LESS DAMAGED;</h6>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>At from 20 to 60 per cent. less than <span class="u">wholesale</span> price...</p></div>
+
+<p class='center'><b>2,000 COMPOSITION BOOKS</b> (retail price, 5 to 25 cents) <b>at 2 to 10 cents
+each</b>.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><b>500 MAPS at half price or less</b>.</p>
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+<p class='center'>GOODS removed from Old Store, 59 Fifth Avenue;</p>
+
+<p class='center'>Now at</p>
+
+<p class='center'>NEW ADDRESS, 5 West 18th St.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>Mail orders promptly attended to.<br />
+All books and material subject to approval.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' /><p><a name="Page_513" id="Page_513"></a></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/title.jpg" alt="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" title="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" /></p>
+
+<div class='center'><b><span class='smcap'>Vol.</span> 1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class='smcap'>March</span> 25, 1897.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class='smcap'>No.</span> 20</b></div>
+
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>A Committee has been appointed by the English Parliament to inquire about
+the raid made by Dr. Jameson into the Transvaal in December, 1895.</p>
+
+<p>All London is deeply interested in this matter, so much so that a number
+of the great English peers are present at the meetings, even the Prince of
+Wales having attended several of them.</p>
+
+<p>These meetings are held in Westminster Hall, which is one of the most
+interesting buildings in London.</p>
+
+<p>It was begun by King William Rufus, about 1090, and was used by the early
+English Kings as a banqueting hall.</p>
+
+<p>All the Kings and Queens of England until the time of George IV. were
+crowned in Westminster Hall, and in this same building Charles I. was
+condemned to death, and Oliver Cromwell was declared Protector of England,
+and here the first Parliaments sat.</p>
+
+<p>Westminster Hall after a while became part of the King's palace of
+Westminster, where the famous Henry VIII. lived. This palace was destroyed
+by fire <a name="Page_514" id="Page_514"></a>except the grand old Hall, which was left standing alone until
+the new Houses of Parliament were built on the ground where the palace had
+once stood, and the Hall became a part of the Houses of Parliament.</p>
+
+<p>This grand old building with its wonderful arched roof has seen many great
+assemblies in its 800 years of life, but this inquiry into the affairs of
+the Transvaal is by no means the least interesting of them.</p>
+
+<p>If you take your map, you will see that the southern part of Africa is
+divided into several states and colonies.</p>
+
+<p>Cape Colony, the most southerly of all, belongs to England. Then comes the
+Orange Free State, and then the South African Republic, or the Transvaal,
+as it is called. You will notice that the English possessions creep up the
+coast in front of the Transvaal, and also form its western or land
+boundary.</p>
+
+<p>The Transvaal is a Republic originally settled by the Dutch. Its
+inhabitants are called Boers, and they are a race of sturdy farmers. It is
+from their employment that they get their name of Boer. In the Dutch
+language boer means a peasant, a farmer, or a tiller of the soil. It is
+the same word as the German <i>Bauer</i>, a peasant.</p>
+
+<p>These Boers are governed by a clever old man named Paul Kr&uuml;ger,&mdash;Oom (or
+Uncle) Paul, as his people call him.</p>
+
+<p>England, as you will see by your map, owns vast tracts of land in South
+Africa, and according to her regular practice she is trying to enlarge her
+possessions still further. Wherever England establishes a colony, she
+reaches out on either side of her, and takes, if possible, a little piece
+of land here, and another little <a name="Page_515" id="Page_515"></a>scrap there, until by and by she has
+laid hold of the greater part of the land around her.</p>
+
+<p>She has been following her usual custom in South Africa.</p>
+
+<p>But the Boers are not fond of the English, and they have been trying with
+all their power to keep these neighbors of theirs as far away from them as
+possible. As the English have advanced, the Boers have retreated, even
+giving up the diamond mines of Kimberly in the process of moving.</p>
+
+<p>One day, however, rich gold-fields were discovered on the Witwaters Rand.
+A Rand is the high land on either side of a river valley.</p>
+
+<p>This settled matters for the Boers. From the moment gold-fields were
+discovered, Englishmen poured into the Transvaal.</p>
+
+<p>The Boers, who, as we have said, are a quiet farming people, were not
+pleased with this invasion of foreigners. They christened them Uitlanders,
+which means outsiders, and they are decidedly not in love with them.</p>
+
+<p>The capital of the Transvaal is a town called Pretoria. It is the seat of
+the government, and is a simple, unpretentious town, situated in the
+centre of the little Republic.</p>
+
+<p>When the Uitlanders poured over the borders into the gold-fields, they
+desired to have a town somewhat nearer to the Rand and the gold-fields
+than Pretoria was, so they founded Johannesburg.</p>
+
+<p>This town flourished amazingly, and soon far outstripped Pretoria in size
+and importance, just as the Uitlanders had outstripped the Boers in point
+of numbers and wealth.<a name="Page_516" id="Page_516"></a></p>
+
+<p>The native population of the Transvaal is very scattered. They are a
+nation of farmers, and at the present time there are only about 15,000
+Boer men in the whole territory, while of the English-speaking Uitlanders
+there are more than five times that number.</p>
+
+<p>No sooner did Johannesburg grow to be a powerful city, than the
+Uitlanders, her citizens, demanded that they should have a voice in the
+government of the country.</p>
+
+<p>They complained that they were hardly used by the Boers, and made to pay
+heavy taxes.</p>
+
+<p>The taxes are certainly heavy, but they are levied upon the gold miners,
+who have come to the Transvaal for the sole purpose of making fortunes out
+of the gold deposits; these fortunes they wish to carry away with them to
+their own country.</p>
+
+<p>The Boers, very naturally, think that some portion of these riches should
+be paid to the country which gave them, and they cannot see by what right
+these foreign gold-hunters expect to have a voice in the government.</p>
+
+<p>One of the great grievances of the Uitlanders is that the Boers will not
+have English taught in the schools, and that their children are obliged to
+learn the language of the country if they go to the public schools.</p>
+
+<p>These demands of the Uitlanders will seem all the more absurd when it is
+understood that they do not ask for a voice in the government as citizens
+of the country. None of these English-speaking people have so much as
+offered to become citizens of the Transvaal. They are not even willing to
+be. They wish to keep <a name="Page_517" id="Page_517"></a>their right of citizenship in their own country,
+that they may have the protection of England, and be able to return there
+as soon as they have made their fortunes.</p>
+
+<p>However, while they are in the Transvaal, digging their gold out of its
+soil, they want to be able to govern the country in their own way, and are
+loud in their outcries against the Boers for preventing them from doing
+so.</p>
+
+<p>Under the laws of the Transvaal it is very easy to become a citizen.</p>
+
+<p>A man has only to live there two years before he can become a citizen, and
+have all the share in the government that he is entitled to.</p>
+
+<p>But this the Uitlanders are not willing to do. They want everything for
+nothing.</p>
+
+<p>Does not their request seem outrageous?</p>
+
+<p>The Uitlanders kept up their demands for a share in the government, and
+the Boers steadily refused them.</p>
+
+<p>Then the population of Johannesburg began to arm itself, and the Boers
+quietly watched them.</p>
+
+<p>At last, word was sent to Dr. Jameson from the leading Uitlanders in
+Johannesburg that the Boers were up in arms, and that the people of
+Johannesburg were in danger of their lives.</p>
+
+<p>They begged Dr. Jameson to come to their aid, in the name of humanity.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Jameson did not send this appeal on to his superiors, and wait for
+orders, as he should have done, but thinking that he was doing a glorious
+deed, he gathered a little force of eight hundred men together, and
+cutting down the telegraph wires behind him, so that no orders could reach
+him and stop him, he <a name="Page_518" id="Page_518"></a>dashed into the Transvaal to the relief of
+Johannesburg.</p>
+
+<p>Almost within sight of Johannesburg he was met by the Boers, under their
+leader, General Joubert.</p>
+
+<p>Here a dastardly thing happened.</p>
+
+<p>The Uitlanders, who had sent for this brave but foolish man, did not raise
+a finger to help him, but stayed like cowards within the walls of their
+city, while the little body of men, worn out with their long march, were
+cut to pieces by their enemy.</p>
+
+<p>At last, when all hope was at an end, and but a hundred and fifty were
+left of his party, Dr. Jameson surrendered, and he and the remnant of his
+men were taken prisoner and conveyed to Pretoria.</p>
+
+<p>Great excitement was felt in both Cape Colony and England. Nobody wanted
+to take the blame for the raid, but every one felt that if Dr. Jameson had
+succeeded instead of having failed, England would have added the Transvaal
+to her possessions, and said as little about it as possible.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Jameson having failed, matters were very different.</p>
+
+<p>President Kr&uuml;ger demanded to know why England had allowed an armed force
+to enter the territory of a country with which she was at peace, and
+wished to know by whose authority the raid was made.</p>
+
+<p>England at once declared that she had had no hand in the matter, and asked
+that Dr. Jameson and the rest of the prisoners might be sent to her, to be
+dealt with according to her laws.</p>
+
+<p>After some delay President Kr&uuml;ger agreed to do this, and the remnant of
+the famous raiders was shipped to England.<a name="Page_519" id="Page_519"></a></p>
+
+<p>On their arrival they were tried for breaking the laws, and the officers
+and Dr. Jameson were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment, varying
+from five to fifteen months.</p>
+
+<p>This ended the matter as far as Dr. Jameson was concerned&mdash;but not for the
+Government.</p>
+
+<p>The Boers presented a claim to the British Government for damages
+sustained by them from the raid. Their claim is for $8,000,000.</p>
+
+<p>They ask three millions for material damage, which means the cost of the
+men and arms they used to defeat the raiders, and five millions for &quot;moral
+and intellectual damage,&quot; which means wounded feelings and general
+annoyance.</p>
+
+<p>There was much amusement in the British Parliament when the claim was
+made, and the members laughed heartily at the idea of moral and
+intellectual damage.</p>
+
+<p>In the same way that we manage these matters in our Senate, the affair was
+referred to a committee.</p>
+
+<p>This committee has to inquire into the matter, see if the claim is a just
+one, and whether England ought really to pay money to the South African
+Republic.</p>
+
+<p>It is this committee which is sitting in Westminster Hall.</p>
+
+<p>All London was interested when Mr. Cecil Rhodes was called before it and
+put on the stand as a witness. Mr. Rhodes was the Prime Minister of Cape
+Colony, and resigned his position when the trouble came about the Raid.</p>
+
+<p>He is perhaps the most important man in all South Africa. It is his desire
+to bring the whole of this territory under English rule, and it is thought
+that <a name="Page_520" id="Page_520"></a>this ambition was at the root of the Jameson Raid, and that Cecil
+Rhodes is really the person who is responsible for it.</p>
+
+<p>It is also whispered that the English Government looks favorably upon his
+plans, and that the Raid was only a part of a deep-laid scheme to
+overthrow the Boer Government, and seize the Transvaal for England.</p>
+
+<p>The Boers evidently believe this side of the story, for at the opening of
+their Parliament the other day, Oom Paul, the valiant old President,
+stated that it was the object of the enemy to destroy the Republic, but
+that the Boers must rely upon the help of God. He closed his speech with
+the solemn words:</p>
+
+<p>&quot;The Lord will not forsake His people!&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Cecil Rhodes has been asked by the Committee of Inquiry to explain the
+trouble in South Africa, and he has done so at great length.</p>
+
+<p>His explanation is, however, a trifle funny to fair-minded persons who
+believe that the old maxim, &quot;What is mine is mine, and what is thine is
+thine,&quot; should be strictly obeyed.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Rhodes has made a long complaint against the Boers for not allowing
+strangers and foreigners to help them govern their own country. He has
+pictured the woes of the Uitlanders because they are not allowed to
+govern, and because their children are not taught English in the schools,
+and moreover, because they are made to pay heavy taxes for the gold they
+mine and carry away. They have still another grievance. Any favor that the
+Boers show at all is shown to Germans, and not to Englishmen. The Boers
+will not allow any of the products of Cape Colony within <a name="Page_521" id="Page_521"></a>their borders,
+but prefer to do their trading with Germany. A dreadful offence truly,
+that they choose their own markets!</p>
+
+<p>The Commission has heard Mr. Rhodes with great seriousness and a good deal
+of sympathy.</p>
+
+<p>So far, strange to say, it does not seem to have occurred to any member of
+the august assembly which is making the inquiry, that the Uitlanders are
+mere squatters in the Transvaal, and that if they don't like the ways of
+the country they are visiting, there is nothing to prevent them from
+packing up their traps, and going back whence they came.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Cecil Rhodes has not attempted to hide the fact that he did his best
+to stir up the uneasy feeling in Johannesburg that led to the Jameson
+Raid.</p>
+
+<p>He admits that he sent Dr. Jameson to the borders of the Transvaal with
+orders to hold himself in readiness for an emergency.</p>
+
+<p>He does not allow that he is responsible for the actual raid itself,
+because Dr. Jameson acted without orders when making it.</p>
+
+<p>He does not deny, however, that he hoped to overthrow the Boer Government,
+and President Kr&uuml;ger.</p>
+
+<p>One of the members of the committee asked him if he meant to make himself
+President in the place of Oom Paul, but he denied that he had any such
+idea.</p>
+
+<p>He gave, as a final reason why the cause of the Uitlanders was a just
+cause, that &quot;no body of Englishmen will ever remain in any place for any
+period, without insisting on their civil rights.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>There is quite a sprinkling of Americans among the Uitlanders, but it is
+to be hoped that they understand the duties of citizenship too well to be
+among the discontents <a name="Page_522" id="Page_522"></a>who demand its privileges without being willing to
+undertake its penalties.</p>
+
+<p>The Boer Parliament has, since the sitting of the committee in London,
+refused the Uitlanders' last appeal for a voice in the government, and it
+is thought that England will refuse to pay the money damages claimed by
+the Republic.</p>
+
+<p>It is thought that the result of the matter will be a war with the Boers,
+in which England will struggle to overthrow the other South African
+governments, and secure the control of the whole of that vast territory
+for herself.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Matters in Greece are growing more serious. Much has happened within the
+last few days.</p>
+
+<p>On further consideration of the offers of the Powers, Greece refused home
+rule for Crete, and declared her intention of carrying out her plan of
+reunion with the island.</p>
+
+<p>She boldly defied the Powers, and declared that she would yield only to
+superior force.</p>
+
+<p>In replying to the note from the Powers ordering her to withdraw her
+troops from Crete, her Prime Minister, Delyannis, said that while Greece
+would not leave Crete, there should be no fighting with the Turks unless
+an attempt was made by them to carry the war into Greece itself. Unless
+the Turks invade Greece, the Greek army would only remain in Crete to
+protect the Christians there. If, however, the Powers made matters too
+difficult for Greece in Crete, she would of course have to protect
+herself.</p>
+
+<p>This reply put Europe in a very difficult quandary. Greece says she is
+ready to fight the whole of Europe <a name="Page_523" id="Page_523"></a>rather than leave her brothers in
+Crete in the power of the Turks.</p>
+
+<p>The Powers, having threatened to make her obey if she refused to comply
+with their wishes, are now aghast at the prospect of having to fight with
+the heathen Turks against the Christian Greeks, or else steam back to
+their respective countries, snubbed and ridiculous.</p>
+
+<p>They have long been conferring together to prevent any further misrule in
+Turkey, and to efface this monarchy, which is a disgrace to Europe, and
+they find that, by their too hasty interference, they have put themselves
+in the position of having to uphold the Turkish misrule against their own
+convictions.</p>
+
+<p>The Turks are so convinced that Europe is going to stand by them, that
+large bodies of them are parading the streets of Canea, crying for the
+blood of the Christian &quot;dogs,&quot; as they call them, and apparently expecting
+that the Powers are going to help them in a general massacre of the
+Greeks.</p>
+
+<p>This state of affairs is particularly dreadful, because, at the time of
+the massacre of the Armenians by the Turks, not one of the European Powers
+fired a shot to prevent it. All that was done was accomplished by talks
+and conferences with the Ambassadors.</p>
+
+<p>Now, when Greece tries to free her Christian brothers from the grasp of
+the Turks, these same Powers train their guns on the Greeks, and lend the
+Turks their aid to force the Christians back under the control of the
+murdering Turks!</p>
+
+<p>It is a monstrous situation, and one that makes every honest man hate the
+diplomacy and politics of nations that make such things possible and
+necessary.<a name="Page_524" id="Page_524"></a></p>
+
+<p>When Greece sent her defiant answer to the Powers, they had a long
+conference, and after much talk, decided to send their Ultimatum to
+Greece.</p>
+
+<p>An Ultimatum means a final condition, which, if refused, will break off
+all attempts at settling matters peaceably.</p>
+
+<p>The Ultimatum of the Powers was written in two separate letters.</p>
+
+<p>The first requested Greece to withdraw her ships and soldiers within six
+days.</p>
+
+<p>This has been presented.</p>
+
+<p>In case Greece refuses to withdraw, the second note will be given her.
+This states that the Powers will immediately use force to make her do as
+they desire. This of course means that war will be declared.</p>
+
+<p>It is said that the Greeks are not likely to obey the wishes of the
+Powers, and that the King of Greece intends to refuse, and then to take
+his own course.</p>
+
+<p>It is said that King George has declared himself quite ready for a war
+with Turkey, and that he does not intend to allow the Powers to tell him
+what he is to do.</p>
+
+<p>Greece is making preparations for war, has called out her army reserves,
+and is massing her troops all along the Turkish frontier, expecting that
+the war will be on the mainland, and not on the island of Crete. Greece
+expects that should war be declared Turkey will at once try to cross her
+borders and conquer her. If Turkey does not attempt this, Greece will
+cross into Turkish territory, and endeavor to reconquer the various
+ancient Greek provinces which are now under the rule of Turkey. The
+Servians, Bulgarians, and Montenegrins are also arming and <a name="Page_525" id="Page_525"></a>rising, and
+will side with Greece in case the war breaks out.</p>
+
+<p>If you look these little countries up on the map, you will find that they
+lie on the Northern side of European Turkey, while Greece is on the
+Southern side. If these countries do really come to the aid of Greece,
+Turkey will find herself between two enemies, and will have a difficult
+war to fight.</p>
+
+<p class="figcenter"><a href="./images/17.jpg"><img src="./images/17-tb.jpg" alt="COL. VASSOS, COMMANDING THE GREEK ARMY AND TYPES OF GREEK FIGHTERS" title="COL. VASSOS, COMMANDING THE GREEK ARMY AND TYPES OF GREEK FIGHTERS" /></a></p>
+
+
+<p>It is not true that Russia is at the bottom of this Cretan trouble.</p>
+
+<p>She has evidently been acting sincerely this time. She has warned Greece
+to stop her quarrel with Turkey, has sent word to her that she very much
+disapproves of the way she is behaving, and as Greece has not listened to
+her protests, she has finally broken <a name="Page_526" id="Page_526"></a>off all diplomatic relations with
+her. This, you remember as in the case of Venezuela, means that Russia and
+Greece are no longer on speaking terms.</p>
+
+<p>Russia is very angry with Greece for refusing her advice, and Greece feels
+very bitterly toward Russia for helping in the bombardment of the Greeks
+at Akrotiri.</p>
+
+<p>So deep is the feeling between them, that when the Russian court sent the
+appointment of Honorary Admiral of the Russian Navy, as a compliment, to
+Queen Olga of Greece, she returned it indignantly, saying she could not
+hold any rank in a navy that had fired upon Greeks and Cretans.</p>
+
+<p>Europe is still looking around for some one on whom to cast the blame for
+the Cretan muddle. The present idea is that England is the guilty party.
+This last report may not have any more truth in it than that about Russia,
+but it is now, said that England is bent upon conquering the Transvaal,
+and securing South Africa for herself, and that she has stirred up all
+this Cretan mischief, so that Germany and the other European Powers may be
+too busy at home to look after her abroad.</p>
+
+<p>Whoever is to blame, the Greeks are going steadily ahead. Fighting
+continues, the Greek arms being mainly successful.</p>
+
+<p>Turkey has tried to send fresh troops to Crete, but has been prevented by
+the Powers.</p>
+
+<p>The ports of Crete are closely blockaded, and the island is running short
+of food.</p>
+
+<p>There is a story that when the Greek fleet was ordered to leave Cretan
+waters by the Powers, its commander, Commodore Reinecke, replied that he
+<a name="Page_527" id="Page_527"></a>would only obey the orders of his own government, and that, though the
+Powers sank his ship, he would not move until he had his country's orders
+to do so.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Good has come out of evil.</p>
+
+<p>The cruel death of the unfortunate Dr. Ruiz in Cuba has aroused and
+alarmed the government into looking more closely after our citizens there.</p>
+
+<p>For one reason or another, Mr. Olney chose to disbelieve the stories from
+Cuba, and tried to throw discredit on General Lee, declaring that his
+action in the Ruiz matter had been hasty and unwarranted, and that things
+were not so bad in Cuba as he stated them to be.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Cleveland and the Senate refused to be satisfied with this statement,
+and demanded that all the papers relating to our citizens who are
+imprisoned in Cuba should be laid before them.</p>
+
+<p>At the same time, Senator Morgan offered a joint resolution, demanding the
+immediate release of General Julio Sanguily.</p>
+
+<p>General Sanguily, who was a famous Cuban general in the previous war
+against Spain, has been many months in Cuban prisons, and was at one time
+condemned to penal servitude at the Spanish settlement in South Africa.</p>
+
+<p>Through the representations of our government a new trial was secured for
+him, and he was finally set free.</p>
+
+<p>The manner of freeing him was very Spanish. Word was sent to him that if
+he would declare himself guilty of treason against Spain he would be given
+his liberty. This he refused to do. He had not very <a name="Page_528" id="Page_528"></a>much faith in the
+Spaniards, and he was not sure that it might not be a trap which they were
+setting for him. He feared that if he declared himself guilty, they would
+make it a pretext for putting him to death.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Olney however, persuaded him to do as Spain wished, Minister de Lome
+having explained to him that Spain would graciously pardon General
+Sanguily if he acknowledged his guilt.</p>
+
+<p>So the farce was played according to Spain's wishes, and the innocent
+Sanguily declared himself guilty, that he might he pardoned for an offence
+which he had never committed. He was thereupon set free, and made the best
+of his way over to America and security.</p>
+
+<p>This Sanguily farce has been made to answer another purpose.</p>
+
+<p>Spain is very tired of Weyler, and the complete failure of the great
+campaign in which he was going &quot;to eat up the Cubans at his leisure,&quot; has
+made Spain lose faith in him.</p>
+
+<p>The constant battles in the provinces which he had declared pacified, the
+ease with which Gomez crossed the Trocha which had cost Spain so much
+money, and the repeated defeats of the Spanish arms, settled the business,
+and it was decided that Weyler must be removed from Cuba.</p>
+
+<p>For some unknown reason, Spain does not want to disgrace Weyler, in spite
+of his failures, so they have allowed him to use the release of Sanguily
+as a pretext for disagreeing with the government, and resigning his
+position in Cuba. The Spaniards seem to be most careful of their friends'
+feelings, and most polite in all their dealings with one another. It is a
+pity that <a name="Page_529" id="Page_529"></a>this very delicate code of honor does not prevent them from
+murdering helpless prisoners, and insulting defenceless women.</p>
+
+<p>The release of Sanguily has aroused some very bitter feeling in Havana,
+and the Spaniards are saying that Spain ought not to submit to it, nor to
+General Lee's conduct in regard to the murder of Ruiz.</p>
+
+<p>These murmurs are so loud and threatening, that all the Americans who can
+do so are leaving the island with all possible speed.</p>
+
+<p>Should the Spanish attack them, they have no means of defence; the
+Consulate is an unprotected building, and Consul Lee has no men at his
+disposal to protect them.</p>
+
+<p>Gomez appears to be advancing toward Havana.</p>
+
+<p>From the last reports a large body of insurgents was seen at Cienfuegos.
+They mustered about 5,000 men, and were supposed to be commanded by
+General Gomez himself. The news was brought by bands of Spanish soldiers
+who had fled at his approach.</p>
+
+<p>They said the army was marching in long lines, two foot-soldiers abreast,
+with the cavalry covering them on the two sides, one horseman behind the
+other.</p>
+
+<p>Cienfuegos is about two hundred miles from Arroyo Blanco, where Gomez won
+his great fight. To reach this place he has crossed the great Eastern
+Trocha, and is now but a hundred and fifty miles from Havana.</p>
+
+<p>It is reported that General Weyler came back to Havana suddenly and
+unexpectedly, and it may have been in consequence of the approach of
+Gomez.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The filibusters are busy again.</p>
+
+<p>Word was sent to the Treasury Department the <a name="Page_530" id="Page_530"></a>other day, that a large
+steamer, supposed to be carrying arms and men to Cuba, had left Barnegat,
+on the Jersey Coast.</p>
+
+<p>It was reported that this steamer was the <i>Laurada</i>, the famous
+filibuster, about which we spoke in Numbers 6 and 9 of <span class='smcap'>The Great Round
+World</span>.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Laurada</i> came back from her Spanish trip, and appeared to be
+conducting herself like a good, peaceable steamer; but, if reports are
+true, she has suddenly commenced her tricks again.</p>
+
+<p>She took on coal and provisions at Baltimore, pretending she was going to
+Philadelphia, but she has not yet been heard of at that port.</p>
+
+<p>A steamer answering to her description has appeared off Barnegat, taken on
+quantities of arms and ammunition, and about a hundred men, among whom it
+is supposed was General Carlos Roloff, the insurgent Minister of War.</p>
+
+<p>The little revenue cutter <i>Manhattan</i> was ordered out of New York Harbor,
+to arrest her; and loaded with arms, and with four United States Deputy
+Marshals, she hurried off in chase of the naughty steamer.</p>
+
+<p>She made all haste to Barnegat, having to make her way through heavy seas
+that tried the nerves and the stomachs of the passengers.</p>
+
+<p>When she arrived, there was no <i>Laurada</i> in sight; that saucy vessel had
+made the most of her opportunities, and was a hundred and fifty miles down
+the coast. The marshals got nothing for their trouble but a chilly trip
+and a bad attack of sea-sickness.</p>
+
+<p>It seems that the secret of the expedition was ferreted out by some
+Pinkerton detectives, who are in the employ of the Spanish.<a name="Page_531" id="Page_531"></a></p>
+
+<p>These worthies heard about the expedition, and hired a boat and went out
+after the <i>Laurada</i>. They came up with her as she was taking on her cargo,
+but she was far enough away from the coast to be what is termed &quot;on the
+high seas,&quot; too far out for interference from anything but a man-of-war or
+a revenue cutter.</p>
+
+<p>The story goes, that the tug which carried the Pinkerton men circled round
+the <i>Laurada</i> several times, and saw the men being transferred from the
+barge to the steamer. These men, in their pleasure at having outwitted the
+Spanish detectives, beguiled the moments of waiting by making ugly faces
+at the Pinkerton men, and calling them various foreign names, until the
+detectives finally steamed off to give information, and get revenge.</p>
+
+<p>There are rumors that two other expeditions have sailed for Cuba, or are
+about sailing. The <i>South Portland</i> is supposed to be already on her way,
+and the <i>Bermuda</i> to be waiting off Long Island for a large party.</p>
+
+<p>It is supposed that the filibusters hope the change in the Administration
+may have made things a little easier for them. They appear to have waited
+for President McKinley's election to try once more to help their friends.</p>
+
+<p>It remains to be seen what action our new President will take in the
+matter.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The case of the <i>Three Friends</i> has been up in courts again.</p>
+
+<p>You remember how she was seized, and the case against her was dismissed
+because Judge Locke decided <a name="Page_532" id="Page_532"></a>that, as President Cleveland had declared
+there was no state of war in Cuba, the vessel could not be breaking any
+laws in carrying merchandise to Cuba.</p>
+
+<p>This decision was appealed against, and was taken into the higher courts
+for further consideration.</p>
+
+<p>The higher court has decided that as it was known that troubles of a
+warlike nature were going on, the <i>Three Friends</i> was guilty of breaking
+the laws, and should never have been set free. Chief Justice Fuller
+therefore decided that a new trial must be held, and the steamer once more
+taken into custody.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>News comes from Siam that the government there has agreed to arbitrate the
+Cheek Teakwood claim, in the endeavor to settle which our Vice-Consul, Mr.
+Kellett, was wounded, as we told you in Numbers 16 and 17 of <span class='smcap'>The Great
+Round World</span>.</p>
+
+<p>The Siamese government has also agreed to look into the matter of the
+assault on Mr. Kellett, and punish the guilty persons.</p>
+
+<p>As you will see in Number 17, Mr. Olney hinted that Consul-General Barrett
+had been over-hasty, and that the Siamese were not to blame.</p>
+
+<p>He made similar remarks about General Lee in Cuba.</p>
+
+<p>He does not seem to want our Consuls to protect our citizens in foreign
+countries, and it is perhaps a good thing for the nation that he has no
+longer the power to hinder them in the performance of their duties.</p>
+
+<p>Consul-General Barrett's claim proves to have been just and right, by the
+action of the Siamese government.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' /><p><a name="Page_533" id="Page_533"></a></p>
+
+<p>Blondin, the celebrated tight-rope walker, has just died in London, at the
+age of seventy-three.</p>
+
+<p>The performance which made him famous was the crossing of Niagara Falls on
+the tight-rope.</p>
+
+<p>Blondin was a Frenchman, his father having been one of Napoleon's
+soldiers.</p>
+
+<p>A story is told of him that when he was five years old he saw an acrobat
+performing on a tight-rope.</p>
+
+<p>He was so pleased with what he saw, that when he got home he stretched a
+rope between two posts, and, as soon as his mother was out of the way,
+took his father's fishing-rod, and, using it as a balancing pole, made his
+first appearance as a tight-rope walker.</p>
+
+<p>He was trained for an acrobat and tight-rope walking, and came to this
+country with a troup of pantomimists.</p>
+
+<p>While here he visited Niagara Falls, and the idea at once struck him that,
+if he dared to cross those terrible waters on a rope, his fortune would be
+made. He made up his mind to try it, and stayed in the village of Niagara
+for weeks, until he had learned just how it would be possible for him to
+perform the feat.</p>
+
+<p>Then he set about getting the scheme well advertised, and securing plenty
+of money for himself if he succeeded in accomplishing it.</p>
+
+<p>On August 17th, 1859, he made the trip across the Falls in the presence of
+50,000 spectators.</p>
+
+<p>His rope was 175 feet above the waters.</p>
+
+<p>He was not satisfied with merely walking across; he crossed again
+blindfolded, and then carrying a man on his back, and once again wheeling
+a barrow before him.<a name="Page_534" id="Page_534"></a><a name="Page_535" id="Page_535"></a></p>
+
+<p>In the summer of 1860 he crossed once more in the presence of the Prince
+of Wales, and carried a man on his back, whom he set down on the rope six
+times, while he rested.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>News has reached us that a great avalanche of snow has fallen upon the
+Monastery of St. Bernard, and has destroyed the left wing of the building,
+though happily without costing any lives.</p>
+
+<p class="figcenter"><a href="./images/26.jpg"><img src="./images/26-tb.jpg" alt="The St. Bernard at home." title="The St. Bernard at home." /></a></p>
+
+<p>The Great St. Bernard is a mountain pass in the Swiss Alps, and the
+monastery was built in the year 963 by a nobleman named Bernard de
+Menthon, for the use of pilgrims on their way to Rome.</p>
+
+<p>As the years have passed away, the pilgrims have become tourists, but
+still the monastery's doors have been open for all who asked for shelter
+there. There is sleeping accommodation for one hundred people, but in bad
+weather as many as six hundred guests have been sheltered at one time.</p>
+
+<p>Snow avalanches like the one which has destroyed the wing of the monastery
+are of frequent occurrence there. An avalanche is a mass of snow, which,
+getting loosened from the mountain heights, falls down to the valley,
+often bearing masses of rock and earth with it. As it sweeps down the
+mountain side it carries all before it, and when it is finally checked in
+its course, it smothers everything around in its mantle of white.</p>
+
+<p>It has always been a part of the monks' duties, after one of these
+dreadful avalanches has passed over, to go out into the mountains and
+search for travellers who may have been buried by it.</p>
+
+<p>To help them in this work they keep a number of <a name="Page_536" id="Page_536"></a>the St. Bernard dogs,
+which we all know and love so well.</p>
+
+<p>The monks usually go out each day in couples, taking dogs and servants
+with them.</p>
+
+<p>The dogs can scent out any poor creature who may lie buried in the snow,
+and they run around, sniffing and seeking, seeming thoroughly to
+understand what is expected of them. When they find any one, they howl,
+and scratch at the snow till their masters come to them.</p>
+
+<p>They are so clever that they often show the monks the way home, when all
+traces of the road are shut out by the snow.</p>
+
+<p>Sometimes, when the storm is so bad that the monks dare not venture, the
+dogs are sent out alone, each with a little keg of brandy tied round his
+neck. They find the travellers, and show them the way to the monastery.</p>
+
+<p>One of these wonderful dogs, named Barri, saved twenty persons from a
+horrible death.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 22em;">G</span><span class='smcap'>enie H. Rosenfeld</span>.<br />
+</p>
+
+
+<p>We stated, in regard to Oscar of Sweden, that the Prince Oscar who married
+Lady Ebba Munck was the eldest son of King Oscar.</p>
+
+<p>We should have said the second son.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 22em;">T</span><span class='smcap'>he Editor</span>.<br />
+<a name="Page_537" id="Page_537"></a></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>LETTERS FROM OUR YOUNG FRIENDS.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The Editor has much pleasure in acknowledging letters from Robertson B.,
+Grace K., and M.T.W.</p>
+
+<p>We are very glad to know that the trees that were moved are alive and
+doing well.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><span class='smcap'>Dear Mr. Editor</span>:
+
+<p>    I read <span class='smcap'>The Great Round World</span> and I think it very nice.
+    I am glad to read in the number for February 25th about the
+    moving of Katonah, for I live in Katonah myself.</p>
+
+<p>    The people of Katonah do not want to have it thought that New
+    York city has made them move because they are careless about
+    their drainage. It is because the city is going to make a new
+    reservoir where the old village of Katonah now stands. Katonah
+    has three churches, a public library and reading-room, a village
+    improvement association, and a graded school, and <i>was</i> proud of
+    itself.</p>
+
+<p>    We hope the new village will be even nicer than the old one. The
+    trees that were moved are living and doing well.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 28em;">Yours truly,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 29.5em;">R</span><span class='smcap'>obertson B.</span> (Age 11).<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">K</span><span class='smcap'>atonah</span>, N.Y., March 2d, 1897.<br />
+<br /><br /></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><span class='smcap'>Dear Editor</span>:
+
+<p>    I have been reading <span class='smcap'>The Great Round World</span> for three or
+    four months, and like it very much. I am particularly interested
+    in the Cubans, and hope they will soon gain their freedom.</p>
+
+<p>    I have just finished &quot;Little Women,&quot; and perhaps the other
+    little girls and boys have read it, too. I think it is splendid.</p>
+
+<p>    I am eleven years old, and this is my first letter, so I hope
+    you will publish it.</p>
+
+<p>    Wishing <span class='smcap'>The Great Round World</span> continued success, I am</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 24.5em;">Yours truly,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 26.5em;">G</span><span class='smcap'>race K.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">G</span><span class='smcap'>reensboro</span>, N.C., Feb. 27th, 1897.<br />
+<a name="Page_538" id="Page_538"></a><br /><br /></p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><span class='smcap'>Dear Mr. Editor</span>:
+
+<p>    My teacher subscribes for your paper for children, so that I
+    learn a great deal. I liked the account about the Nicaragua
+    Canal very much last week, as I know little about it.</p>
+
+<p>    I look every week with pleasure for the coming of <span class='smcap'>The Great
+    Round World</span>, as I am so interested in all the news you give
+    us. Wishing your paper great success, I am</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 16.5em;">Your little reader,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 20.5em;">M.T.W. (Age 9).</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">N</span><span class='smcap'>New York</span>, March 3d, 1897.<br />
+<a name="Page_539" id="Page_539"></a></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>INVENTION AND DISCOVERY.</h2>
+
+
+<p>A <i>new paper doll</i> has been invented by a Brooklyn woman.</p>
+
+<p>It is so arranged that the arms and legs are fastened on movable discs,
+and Miss Dolly, instead of being the flat, uninteresting thing that most
+paper dolls are, can move her arms and legs, and attend tea parties, and
+take refreshments, just as any well brought-up stuffed dolly can.</p>
+
+<p>She is to wear a great many beautiful dresses, which will take on and off
+easily, and will be a very nice companion for the little women who live in
+apartments, and have not much room for their dollies.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+
+<p><i>Scissors</i> or <i>shears</i>.</p>
+
+<p>This is a very useful invention for a boy's tool-box or for mamma's
+work-table.</p>
+
+<div class="figright">
+<a href="./images/31.jpg"><img src="./images/31-tb.jpg" alt="Scissors" title="Scissors" /></a>
+</div>
+
+<p>It is a combination affair. In the first place, it looks like an ordinary
+pair of scissors. But when you open them to cut anything, you get the
+first surprise: one of the blades is marked off in inches, half-inches,
+quarters, eighths, and sixteenths.</p>
+
+<p>Then when you are prepared for the wonders these shears have to show, you
+find that on one handle is a hammer-head, and that they can <a name="Page_540" id="Page_540"></a>be used as a
+hammer. Close to the hammer-head a screw-driver is arranged. At the point
+of the shears is an awl for boring holes; and, most practical of all, the
+scissors when they are opened out form a perfect carpenter's square.</p>
+
+<p>This wonderful tool was invented by Benjamin Ford, of Newcastle, Maine.
+Any boy who has such a pair of shears, and a paper of screws in his
+pocket, can build and make to his heart's content, and the happy mother
+who has this tool on her work-table is done forever with breaking her back
+over the tool-chest, to find some particularly elusive screw-driver or
+gimlet.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+
+<p><i>Photographs in relief.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft">
+<a href="./images/32.jpg"><img src="./images/32-tb.jpg" alt="Photograph in relief" title="Photograph in relief" /></a>
+</div>
+<p>A new plan in regard to photographs has been invented.</p>
+
+<p>It is to take a photograph, similar to the one that is to be embossed,
+and, after cutting it in a certain way, press the portions outward that it
+is desired shall stand in relief.</p>
+
+<p>An open mask of the same shape as the photograph is then used, and the two
+photographs are dampened and pressed tightly together until the face and
+figure stand out from the card, and the picture looks as if it had been
+carved in wood.</p>
+
+<p>This is a very ingenious invention, but the work is very difficult, and
+can only be done by people who are regularly trained to do it.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 22em;">G.H.R.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+<h3><span class='smcap'>first bound volumes</span></h3>
+
+<h5><span class='smcap'>of</span>....</h5>
+
+<h2>The Great</h2>
+<h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Round World</h2>
+
+<div class='center'><i>Containing Nos. 1 to 15</i></div>
+
+<div class='center'><b>WILL BE READY MARCH 20TH</b></div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><span class="u">THESE VOLUMES WILL BE IN STRONG CLOTH, WITH TITLE ON BACK AND SIDE, WITH A
+HANDSOME DESIGN....</span></div>
+
+<div class='center'><b>Price, Postage Paid, $1.25</b></div>
+
+<p>Subscribers wishing their numbers bound will send them (express paid),
+enclosing 35 cents to cover cost of binding. Missing numbers or
+supplements will be supplied until exhausted, at regular price.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<span class='smcap'>william beverley harison</span><br />
+<i>3 &amp; 5 West 18th Street, New York City</i>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>FOUR FAMOUS BOOKS</h2>
+
+<p>Every boy and girl is interested in what is going on about them. The
+authors of this series have gathered together the most interesting kind of
+information, and have told it in a most entertaining way.</p>
+
+<p>Copies will be sent post-paid to any address upon receipt of price named.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>1. <b>Foods and Beverages</b>, by <span class='smcap'>E.A. Beal, M.D.</span> Contains
+    reading lessons on the various kinds of Foods and their hygienic
+    values; on Grains, Fruits, and useful Plants, with elementary
+    botanical instruction relating thereto; and on other common
+    subjects of interest and importance to all, old and young. 281
+    pages. Cloth, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;60 cents.</p>
+
+<p>    2. <b>Every-Day Occupations</b>, by <span class='smcap'>H. Warren Clifford, S.D.</span>
+    Quantities of useful facts entertainingly told, relating to work
+    and workers. How Leather is Tanned; How Silk is Made; The
+    Mysteries of Glass-Making, of Cotton Manufacture, of
+    Cloth-Making, of Ship and House Building; The Secrets of the
+    Dyer's Art and the Potter's Skill&mdash;all and more are described
+    and explained in detail with wonderful clearness. 330 pages.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+    Cloth, 60 cents.</p>
+
+<p>    3. <b>Man and Materials</b>, by <span class='smcap'>Wm. G. Parker, M.E.</span> Shows
+    how man has raised himself from savagery to civilization by
+    utilizing the raw material of the earth. Brings for the first
+    time the wonderful natural resources of the United States to the
+    notice of American children. The progress of the Metal-Working
+    arts simply described and very attractively illustrated. 323
+    pages.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cloth, 60 cents.</p>
+
+<p>    4. <b>Modern Industries and Commerce</b>, by <span class='smcap'>Robert Louis,
+    Ph.D.</span> Treats of commerce and the different means of
+    conveyance used in different eras. Highways, Canals. Tunnels,
+    Railroads, and the Steam Engine are discussed in an entertaining
+    way. Other subjects are Paper Manufacture, Newspapers, Electric
+    Light, Atlantic Cable, the Telephone, and the principal newer
+    commercial applications of Electricity, etc. 329 pages.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cloth,
+    60 cents.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+<h3>WOOD'S</h3>
+
+<h2>Natural History Readers.</h2>
+
+<h3>By the REV. J.G. WOOD, M.A.,</h3>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Author of &quot;Homes without Hands,&quot; etc.</i></p>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Wood's Natural History Readers">
+
+<tr><td align='left'><b>First Reader.</b> Short and simple stories about Common Domestic Animals</td>
+<td align='right'>25 cts.</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Second Reader.</b> Short and simple stories about Animals of the Fields, Birds, etc.</td>
+<td align='right'>36 cts.</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Third Reader.</b> Descriptive of Familiar Animals and some of their wild relations </td>
+<td align='right'>50 cts.</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Fourth Reader.</b> The Monkey Tribe, the Bat Tribe, the Mole, Ox, Horse, Elephant, etc.</td>
+<td align='right'>65 cts.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Fifth Reader.</b> Birds, Reptiles, Fishes, etc.</td>
+<td align='right'>65 cts.</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Sixth Reader.</b> Mollusks, Crustacea, Spiders, Insects, Corals, Jelly Fish, Sponges, etc.</td>
+<td align='right'>65 cts.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p class='center'>
+<b>WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON</b><br />
+<b>3 &amp; 5 West 18th Street, - - - - NEW YORK</b><br />
+</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>THE GREAT ROUND WORLD</h2>
+
+<h2>NATURAL HISTORY</h2>
+
+<h2>STORIES.</h2>
+
+<h3>A Series of True Stories</h3>
+
+<h4>BY</h4>
+
+<h3>JULIA TRUITT BISHOP.</h3>
+
+<h4>Attractively Illustrated by Barnes.</h4>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>These stories will be issued in parts. Price, 10 cents each. Subscription
+price (12 numbers), $1.00. Part 1. issued as supplement to <span class='smcap'>Great Round
+World</span>. 20.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<h3>Author's Preface.</h3>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>The stories published in this little volume have been issued
+from time to time in the Philadelphia <i>Times</i>, and it is at the
+request of many readers that they now greet the world in more
+enduring form. They have been written as occasion suggested,
+during several years; and they commemorate to me many of the
+friends I have known and loved in the animal world. &quot;Shep&quot; and
+&quot;Dr. Jim,&quot; &quot;Abdallah&quot; and &quot;Brownie,&quot; &quot;Little Dryad&quot; and
+
+&quot;Peek-a-Boo.&quot; I have been fast friends with every one, and have
+watched them with such loving interest that I knew all their
+ways and could almost read their thoughts. I send them on to
+other lovers of dumb animals, hoping that the stories of these
+friends of mine will carry pleasure to young and old.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class='center'>
+<b>WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON,</b><br />
+<b>3 &amp; 5 West 18th Street.</b>
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<h2>Great Round World Polisher</h2>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><b>Will take rust off your wheel, will polish your skates, your
+    gun, your fishing-reel&mdash;any and every polished metal surface can
+    be kept clean with it. .. .. .. .. .. ..</b></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>It will polish knives&mdash;can be used as a knife sharpener. Put up in small
+packages convenient to carry in your bicycle tool-bag; full directions
+with each package.</p>
+
+<p><b>BEWARE OF IMITATIONS. THIS POLISHER IS FULLY WARRANTED BY &quot;THE GREAT
+ROUND WORLD.&quot;</b> If it does not do all that we say, and a great deal more,
+we will refund amount paid at any time. <b>CHEAP AND DURABLE</b>&mdash;will remain
+good until last morsel is used up. <b>NON-POISONOUS!!</b></p>
+
+<p>Every boy or girl, man or woman, can use it safely.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p class='center'><b>Price, 25 cents (13 two-cent stamps), postage paid to any address.</b></p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p class='center'><b>CAN BE OBTAINED BY ALL FIRST-CLASS DEALERS.</b></p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p class='center'>
+WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON,<br />
+5 West 18th Street,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; New York City.<br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p class='center'><b>EVERY PACKAGE BEARS THIS NAME.</b><a name="Page_541" id="Page_541"></a></p>
+
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/supplement1.jpg" alt="SUPPLEMENT TO THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" title="SUPPLEMENT TO THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" /></p>
+<div class='center'><b><span class='smcap'>Vol.</span> 1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class='smcap'>March</span> 25, 1897.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class='smcap'>No.</span> 20</b></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+
+<h2>ABOUT GREECE AND CRETE.</h2>
+
+<p>Do you know, my dear young friends, that you and I ought to be very glad
+and grateful that we are <i>Americans</i>?</p>
+
+<p>Does it ever occur to you that while millions of people in other lands are
+to-day suffering unspeakably from cruelty and oppression, it is your happy
+lot to live under a government which makes such wrongs impossible?</p>
+
+<p>You have seen what Cuba is willing to suffer, if she can only get away
+from the oppression of Spain. You have seen that she considers no
+sacrifices too great, that she will surrender fortune, happiness, and life
+itself, will endure lingering tortures and death in solitary dungeons; and
+all this, just that she may secure the very freedom which you and I enjoy
+so carelessly!</p>
+
+<p>And now, from the Southeastern end of Europe, there has come another
+supplicating voice, from another island.<a name="Page_542" id="Page_542"></a></p>
+
+<p>The little island of Crete, in the grasp of a hand infinitely more cruel
+than Spain's, has declared she would rather perish than remain longer at
+the mercy of the Turk.</p>
+
+<p>What could such a little atom of a country do alone? One can only wonder
+that she ever dared to <i>dream</i> of freedom! But a desire for freedom makes
+frail, weak bodies marvellously strong sometimes. She resolved that she
+would not longer endure the Turkish yoke; and she called to her old
+kinsmen in Greece to come and take her into their Christian kingdom. She
+said: &quot;We are the same in race and in religion, let us become one in
+country, too.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>This is not the first despairing cry that has come from the Sultan's
+dominions. Again and again have they rung through Europe in the last
+century.</p>
+
+<p>The rule of the Ottoman Empire (or Turkey) is the most corrupt, cruel, and
+degrading in the world. We have seen that Spain is grasping, avaricious,
+and a hard mother to her distant Colonies, which she treats like slaves
+rather than children. But for all that Spain is brave and chivalric. She
+has a <i>sense</i> of honor and of justice, even if she violates it, and&mdash;she
+is <i>Christian</i>.</p>
+
+<p>But Turkey&mdash;Mohammedan Turkey, has not one of these qualities. She has no
+conscience, no shame, no remorse for terrible deeds done; indeed, the
+murder of Christians is the surest and swiftest passport to her heaven!
+Thousands and thousands of Christians perish by the sword every year in
+the Ottoman Empire, and awful cruelties are committed every day upon the
+living.</p>
+
+<p>Now you ask why the Christian nations of Europe <a name="Page_543" id="Page_543"></a>permit these things to
+be; and you naturally suppose it goes on because they cannot help it. Not
+at all.</p>
+
+<p>Any one of the great nations of Europe could sweep the decaying old
+Mohammedan Empire out of existence in one campaign; and the six combined
+Powers, England, Russia, Austria, Germany, France, and Italy, could do it
+in six hours! Then why do they not?</p>
+
+<p>Simply because Turkey occupies the most important and valuable
+<i>strategical position</i> on the earth. And each of these great nations is in
+mortal fear that some of the others will get possession of it.</p>
+
+<p>I have already told you about the immense importance of these &quot;strategic
+points&quot; in the great game of European politics or diplomacy, and how
+eagerly the nations are all the time watching for opportunities to secure
+them.</p>
+
+<p>If you will look at your map, you will see that Turkey lies at the gateway
+which separates the Eastern world from the Western. The vast and beautiful
+region ruled by the Sultan, and known as the &quot;Ottoman Empire,&quot; lies partly
+in Asia, partly in Europe, and partly in Africa.</p>
+
+<p>Stretching over a vast expanse behind the Sultan is <i>India</i>&mdash;that India,
+which has been for centuries the coveted treasure-house of the world. With
+his back turned upon this marvellous India, the Sultan's face is turned
+toward Europe, where six great Empires are looking with eager and longing
+eyes at the golden prize behind him in the East; and each glaring
+suspiciously and defiantly at the other at the slightest move toward the
+coveted land, to which the Ottoman Empire bars the way.<a name="Page_544" id="Page_544"></a></p>
+
+<p>So you can see that disturbing the Turk while he is butchering Christians
+might be dangerous business for these Great Powers.</p>
+
+<p>England knows that Russia is watching her opportunity to slip in at the
+first opening, and may get to the prize first. And Russia, and Germany,
+and the rest all alike fear the same thing of each other. If any one of
+them <i>alone</i> should make a move against the Turk,&mdash;the rest, like a pack
+of wolves, would be at her throat in an hour.</p>
+
+<p>So the Powers must all act together or in <i>concert</i>. And this is what is
+known as the &quot;Concert of Europe.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>And this much talked-of Concert of Europe has for its chief object the
+preservation of the <i>balance of power.</i> That is, not permitting any one of
+the European States to become very much more powerful than it already is,
+and thus disturb the <i>equilibrium</i> of the whole.</p>
+
+<p>This delicate condition of affairs regarding Turkey is known as the
+&quot;Eastern Question.&quot; And it is considered so important because, more than
+any other, it threatens the &quot;balance of power.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Whether Russia, or England, or Germany would be richer after an upset in
+Turkey, no one can tell. But it is pretty certain that new maps would have
+to take the place of your old ones, with the familiar outlines of some of
+the European States much altered.</p>
+
+<p>So the Christian Powers have been for a century trying not to hear the
+cries of anguish and terror coming from the Ottoman Empire, because
+European diplomacy has decided that the only safe course is to let the
+&quot;unspeakable Turk&quot; stay where he is; and <a name="Page_545" id="Page_545"></a>the Sultan, secure in his foul,
+crime-stained old Empire, which is tottering and crumbling under his feet,
+laughs softly, and rubs his hands in pleasant satisfaction, and the
+butchery goes on.</p>
+
+<p>But recently the cries from Armenia became so piercing, so heartrending,
+and so prolonged, that the Christian people in Europe would stand it no
+longer. They demanded that, come what would, the Powers <i>must</i> put a stop
+to the wholesale slaughter of Armenian Christians.</p>
+
+<p>So the six Ambassadors of the six Great European States came together and
+gravely discussed what should be done.</p>
+
+<p>One of the ways of diplomacy is to act very slowly. This gives time for
+things to come right again of themselves, and also time for the people to
+cool down, and not disturb the game by foolish outbursts of sentiment.</p>
+
+<p>And another of the ways of diplomacy in this Eastern Question has been,
+with great show of indignation, to threaten the Sultan with destruction
+unless&mdash;he promises certain reforms for the future.</p>
+
+<p>This, of course, he is perfectly willing to do. He solemnly pledges
+protection to the Christians, and punishment to their persecutors, without
+the slightest intention of carrying out the promised reforms. Indeed, he
+knows that he could not do it even if he wanted to. And the Powers know it
+too, just as well as they know <i>they</i> would not carry out their threat to
+destroy his rickety throne.</p>
+
+<p>But all this talk gives time, and two or three more years are thus gained
+for the Sultan and for the Powers, too; and in the mean time the people
+are pacified, because <a name="Page_546" id="Page_546"></a>they think something is being done toward wiping
+out the great iniquity in the East.</p>
+
+<p>But as I said, the Ambassadors of the six Powers not long ago came
+together, and under instructions from their various governments talked
+over the Armenian atrocities. Just as they were cautiously and solemnly
+preparing their decision, or <i>ultimatum</i>, as it is called (which was the
+old threat to the Sultan if the Christians were not protected), something
+unexpected happened.</p>
+
+<p>It was not a part of the diplomatic game at all; and it was the act of an
+insignificant Kingdom, which had nothing whatever to say in the great
+European Concert.</p>
+
+<p>The name of this insignificant Kingdom is the most splendid and renowned
+in the history of the world.</p>
+
+<p>For two thousand years people in all other lands have been trying to do
+things as well as they did. But no such pictures, no such statues, no such
+architecture as theirs has ever been produced. No men have talked and
+thought as wisely upon great subjects. No poets have excelled theirs in
+grandeur. No women have been more perfect types of beauty and refinement;
+and no men more liberty-loving, grand, and heroic.</p>
+
+<p>Now, do you know the name of this people? They were the <i>Ancient Greeks</i>.
+And the brave little Kingdom which has just upset all the calculations of
+the Great Powers is <i>Modern Greece</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Since the days of her ancient splendor, poor Greece, shorn of all her
+glory, has been terribly humiliated.</p>
+
+<p>First, the Romans broke her power; then the Venetians tore her from the
+Romans; and then, worse <a name="Page_547" id="Page_547"></a>than all, she became a slave to the Turk. For a
+Christian nation, that means all possible suffering. And for five hundred
+years she was scourged and insulted by her Mohammedan master.</p>
+
+<p>In the year 1820 the Greeks on the little peninsula resolved to be free,
+or to perish.</p>
+
+<p>Like Cuba, they struggled. For nine long years Europe looked calmly on.
+Then people began to wonder at the invincible spirit of these new Greeks,
+and finally the world rang with praises of their valor, and there was an
+outburst of popular sympathy. Men from England and other lands volunteered
+to help them in their splendid fight for liberty. And Lord Byron, the
+great English poet, laid down his life in their cause.</p>
+
+<p>At last the Great Powers began to think it would not be a bad thing to
+have a Christian race ruling the classic peninsula. And England, France,
+and Russia decided to help to put the little kingdom on its feet, and
+appointed its ruler.</p>
+
+<p>They first selected Prince Alfred, Victoria's second son. But this did not
+give satisfaction. Finally, Otho, son of the King of Bavaria, was chosen,
+and then elected by the people, first king of Greece.</p>
+
+<p>That was in 1835. In 1863, Otho was deposed, and a new king had to be
+found. The selection has proved to be a very wise one. King George was the
+son of Christian IX. of Denmark, and is therefore the brother of the
+Princess of Wales. During his reign of thirty-four years, Greece has
+steadily improved.</p>
+
+<p>But all of the Greek Christians were not freed by this heroic struggle.
+There still remained several millions of their race in Macedonia and other
+parts of <a name="Page_548" id="Page_548"></a>the Ottoman Empire. These people have looked on enviously at the
+prosperity and freedom of their kinsmen in Greece, and are always planning
+and hoping for the time when they, too, may break the Turkish yoke.</p>
+
+<p>Twenty thousand of these Greeks live on the island of <i>Crete</i>, where they
+suffer unspeakably; not alone from the cruel oppression of Ottoman rule,
+but from the persecutions and daily conflicts with the Mohammedans who
+live with them on the island.</p>
+
+<p>If you will examine a map of Europe, you will see the Greek peninsula,
+looking as if it had been broken into fragments and half devoured by the
+sea. Just south of its ragged edge lies this little island of <i>Crete</i>, of
+which all the world is talking to-day.</p>
+
+<p>It looks as if one of the fragments of Greece had broken off and floated
+away a short distance, and was waiting for the tide to come some day and
+carry it back to its old home.</p>
+
+<p>And that is just what happened long, long ago; and it seems now as if the
+tide had set in, which is going to float it back to its old moorings by
+its motherland.</p>
+
+<p>The island of Crete originally belonged to Greece. It is one of the most
+classic spots in the world. For there, on and about Mount Ida, Jupiter,
+the great god of Greek mythology, is supposed to have spent his boy-hood.
+And Homer sung about this island, too. And he has described its <i>ninety
+cities</i>&mdash;which surprises us very much when we reflect that the island is a
+narrow strip of land only one hundred and fifty miles long; so that the
+ninety cities must have been set close together, like a string of beads!<a name="Page_549" id="Page_549"></a></p>
+
+<p>However this may be, it has just three towns now, which are making history
+for Europe in a very remarkable fashion; and are more talked about to-day
+than London, Paris, and St. Petersburg.</p>
+
+<p>Ever since the Greeks struggled into freedom, seventy-five years ago, and
+became an independent kingdom, it has been the dream of the Cretans to get
+back to their mother country. Recently their sufferings have been past
+endurance, and at last, in their helpless wretchedness, they cried out to
+Greece to come and take them under her protection. They said: &quot;We are one
+with you in race and in religion. We speak your language; you are our
+natural rulers. Let us be a part of your Christian kingdom.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>With splendid daring and enthusiasm Greece responded to the appeal.</p>
+
+<p>King George sent men and arms and ships, and his brave young son Prince
+George as Admiral of the fleet, and declared his determination at all
+hazards to take the island under his protection. Not only would he fight
+the Turks in Crete or in Greece, but he would carry the war into the
+Ottoman Empire itself, if necessary.</p>
+
+<p>The Powers were aghast. Fight the Turk! Was that not the very thing they
+had for a century been trying <i>not</i> to do? Disturb the Sultan in those
+dominions of which he was the only safe and harmless occupant! Tear away
+the barrier between Europe and Asia, and let the torrent rush through&mdash;the
+prizes going to the strongest! What madness&mdash;what folly! What impertinence
+for this King George to assume such a responsibility, and to invite such a
+crisis!</p>
+
+<p>But King George never wavered in his purpose. The Powers <a name="Page_550" id="Page_550"></a>sent demands,
+and then threats, but all were met firmly by the reply, that <i>he should
+not withdraw his troops from Crete</i>.</p>
+
+<p>What made it more difficult and exasperating was that the people&mdash;the
+people, who are always giving their rulers so much trouble, and making it
+so hard for them&mdash;were wildly applauding King George and the Greeks for
+the firm stand they had taken, and saying that the old fire which burned
+at Marathon and Thermopyl&aelig; had not been extinguished; that the modern
+Greeks were the worthy sons of a great race!</p>
+
+<p>In England, France, and Italy, public opinion has to be listened to, if
+their Governments would stand! When the Ambassadors and the Ministers of
+these three countries read the papers and the telegrams, they began to go
+very slowly and cautiously. But Germany and Russia, although bound, as I
+have already told you, by close family relationships to the King of
+Greece, were in hot indignation that he should have audaciously raised
+such a storm. He must be stopped at once in a course which might embroil
+Europe in a war with Turkey; and more than that, he must be punished.</p>
+
+<p>Then there were more conferences, which were more solemn than before:
+three of the Ministers (Salisbury, Hanotaux, and Rudini) not very sure
+that an indignant people might not even then be planning their overthrow;
+and the other three, with no such apprehension, urging extreme and severe
+measures against Greece.</p>
+
+<p>At last they thought they had found a safe compromise.</p>
+
+<p>They would demand that the Sultan should give <a name="Page_551" id="Page_551"></a>up Crete, which should have
+its own government, or <i>autonomy</i>, as it is called, with a ruler whom
+they, the Powers, should select. Greece must go home with her troops and
+her ships, and have nothing hereafter to do with the fate of the island.</p>
+
+<p>This was considered a wise solution of the difficulty. It would satisfy
+public opinion in Europe, while at the same time it properly humiliated
+Greece, who would be rebuked before all the world.</p>
+
+<p>Again something unexpected happened. The stalwart, stubborn Cretans had
+their own views and preferences.</p>
+
+<p>They did not want autonomy at all. What they desired was <i>union with
+Greece</i>; and Greece declared her unaltered and unalterable determination
+to stand by the island at any cost, and to protect her from being coerced
+into a political condition she did not desire.</p>
+
+<p>One small, feeble nation dared to stand up and defy the combined power of
+Europe!</p>
+
+<p>There was indignation and amazement among the Powers, who after further
+consultation sent an ultimatum to Greece and to Turkey. They must both
+withdraw from the island of Crete within six days, or the combined fleets
+of six European States would compel them to do it.</p>
+
+<p>The polite Sultan, who never refuses demands, of course consented at once.</p>
+
+<p>But what do you think was the reply of the Prime Minister of Greece?</p>
+
+<p>They were brave words! He said: <i>&quot;Greece would rather be wiped off the map
+of Europe than yield to the threat of the Powers!&quot;</i></p>
+
+<p>There were twenty thousand of her countrymen on <a name="Page_552" id="Page_552"></a>the island, helpless,
+defenceless, among fierce and cruel Mohammedans. Greece had promised them
+protection. She would <i>not</i> leave them to their fate!</p>
+
+<p>But in the mean time the storm clouds have been gathering in other parts
+of the sky. The people in England and France and Italy are asking very
+significantly whether their Governments are expecting them to fire upon a
+Christian army and the Cross, in defence of the rights of the Mohammedan
+Empire and the Crescent?</p>
+
+<p>In addition to this, another storm cloud seems to be forming over the
+Ottoman Empire itself. There are indications of a general uprising where
+Greek Christians abound.</p>
+
+<p>If the clouds over Turkey and those over Europe should unite&mdash;what then?
+The Powers could fight battalions; but could they stand before a whirlwind
+of popular sentiment?</p>
+
+<p>Macedonia has no doubt long cherished the hope of a reunion with Greece;
+and the other Gr&aelig;co-Turkish provinces too. Perhaps they think the hour is
+at hand for realizing that hope!</p>
+
+<p>Nor is it strange if Greece also has been long hoping that when the
+Ottoman Empire did finally crumble&mdash;as it must&mdash;she might out of the wreck
+be able to bring together the long-separated fragments of her race.</p>
+
+<p>God grant there may be no conflict between Greece and Europe. But if it
+does come&mdash;and if a general overturning follows, as it might&mdash;it is not
+impossible that Greece may come out of it a new and greater kingdom, by a
+reunion of the scattered Hellenic (or Greek) peoples.<a name="Page_553" id="Page_553"></a></p>
+
+<p>It is not at all improbable that some such dream of Hellenic unity
+underlies the extraordinary drama we are witnessing in the East.</p>
+
+<p>Of course, it is wise to try and avert a great European war. And of
+course, diplomacy and tact are needed in dealing with such a delicate and
+complicated situation. But there are two opposing parties in England which
+hold different views as to the policy which should be pursued in this
+&quot;Eastern Question.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Gladstone, the great and sagacious statesman, has always insisted that
+whatever the result, <i>the Christians in Turkey should be protected by
+Christian Europe</i>; and that the British policy should be a straightforward
+and resolute dealing with the Sultan. That is, if promised reforms are not
+carried out in good faith by him, the Powers should fulfil their threats
+to destroy his authority in his Empire.</p>
+
+<p>About forty years ago the opposite policy was advocated (if not created)
+by another great leader and statesman, Lord Beaconsfield; and has ever
+since been the one pursued by Great Britain.</p>
+
+<p>Its main purpose is to keep the wicked old Ottoman Empire undisturbed, and
+to shield it from the indignation of Europe.</p>
+
+<p>Here and there the Sultan is compelled to loosen his grasp upon some
+exasperated and suffering province like Crete, which is set up as an
+<i>autonomous</i> (or self-governing) principality (or kingdom), under a double
+protection from Turkey and Europe.</p>
+
+<p>This looks kind, and as if the Sultan was being severely dealt with and
+punished. But at the same time the knowledge of Turkish atrocities is
+being carefully suppressed; and harrowing stories of cruelties in Bulgaria
+<a name="Page_554" id="Page_554"></a>a few years ago, and in Armenia to-day, are listened to with smiling
+incredulity; because it is inconvenient to take notice of these things
+while the situation in the East is critical.</p>
+
+<p>Some people think this is a very crooked and shuffling policy for the
+great British Empire to pursue. And others, that the Gladstone policy is
+sentimental and dangerous.</p>
+
+<p>Of course, the policy which has been for years adopted by England is
+controlled entirely by motives of <i>interest</i>, and has not one lofty
+purpose in it. But when there was talk of making war upon Greece in
+<i>defence of the rights of the Sultan</i>, the Government realized it had gone
+one step too far.</p>
+
+<p>The people would not, and <i>will</i> not permit it. And we are rejoiced to
+know that the good and gracious Queen herself protests against such an
+act, and is deeply in sympathy with Greece and the Cretans.</p>
+
+<p>It looks now very much as if the much-talked-of Concert of Europe was
+about to break in two as cleanly as an orange. Russia, Germany, and
+Austria in one half; and England, France, and Italy in the other.</p>
+
+<p>The Emperor of Germany is very angry at the desertion of the other three
+States, and threatens dire and dreadful things.</p>
+
+<p>The young Czar of Russia, with his gentle eyes and delicate face, does not
+look capable of severity.</p>
+
+<p>But he is a Russian. And he has settled himself in the seat of his
+ancestors, evidently with a stern purpose of carrying out their despotic
+policy.</p>
+
+<p>Small matter is it that King George of Greece is his mother's brother.
+Small matter that the young Admiral of the Greek fleet is his cousin and
+loved <a name="Page_555" id="Page_555"></a>companion, whose quick, strong arm and ready courage saved his life
+in Japan five years ago.</p>
+
+<p>He will not be swerved by personal influences from the course demanded by
+Russian interests.</p>
+
+<p>The Emperor of Austria has no family ties, no personal feelings to sway
+him; and he is the natural ally of despotic Russia and Germany.</p>
+
+<p>With these three men, lies the fate of Greece, Crete, and perhaps the
+&quot;Eastern Question&quot; to-day.</p>
+
+<p>Will they meet the other three States half-way, and effect a peaceful
+compromise? Or will they carry out the threat of the German Emperor, and,
+in the words of her own brave Prime Minister:</p>
+
+<p><i>&quot;Wipe Greece off the map of Europe&quot;?</i></p>
+
+<p>Now this is the story of the Greek and Cretan troubles of which every one
+is talking in Europe and in America.</p>
+
+<p>Some time it will be printed in grave-looking histories, and will perhaps
+seem very dry and dull to the young people who have to commit to memory
+the strange names of men and places, and perhaps, the dates of great
+battles fought!</p>
+
+<p>It is your privilege to read this thrilling story from day to day, as it
+unfolds.</p>
+
+<p>The European and Cuban despatches which your fathers and brothers eagerly
+read and talk about at breakfast every morning, are <i>history</i>. Not dried
+and pressed between the covers of a school-book, with all the life and
+spirit taken out of it; but history warm and palpitating with life;
+telling of things which happened yesterday, and are happening to-day, and
+which we all fear or else long for to-morrow.</p>
+
+<p>Every American with the blood of a patriot in his <a name="Page_556" id="Page_556"></a>veins is longing to
+hear to-morrow that <i>Cuba</i> is free, and that <i>Crete</i> is safely restored to
+the arms of Greece. This will happily close two of the most thrilling
+chapters in the history of modern times.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 22em;">M</span><span class='smcap'>ary Platt Parmele.</span><br />
+<a name="Page_001" id="Page_001"></a></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/supplement2.jpg" alt="SUPPLEMENT TO THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" title="SUPPLEMENT TO THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" /></p>
+<div class='center'><b><span class='smcap'>Vol.</span> 1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class='smcap'>March</span> 25, 1897.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class='smcap'>No.</span> 20</b></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<h2>JUNO.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="figleft">
+<img alt="J" src="./images/dropcap.jpg" title="J" /></div> <div><br /><br /><br /><span class='smcap'>uno</span> was the cat. We all knew perfectly well that there never had been
+such a cat as Juno. Not that she was so fine-looking, or so expensive. She
+would never have taken a prize at a cat show, unless it might have been
+the booby prize. She was the very plainest kind of a brindled cat, and she
+wandered into our house from the street during <a name="Page_002" id="Page_002"></a>her early kittenhood and
+calmly established herself in mother's work-basket.</div>
+
+<p>From that time on Juno had been the friend and playmate of the younger
+generation. She never seemed like an animal to any of us. Many a time I
+have heard Ned apologize for having unintentionally hurt Juno, with the
+exclamation:</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Oh, excuse me, Juno, I didn't mean to do that!&quot;</p>
+
+<p>After which Juno always purred softly, and showed that she had forgiven
+him.</p>
+
+<p>But the one thing that specially distinguished Juno from all the other
+cats that I ever knew, was her big-hearted motherhood. If Juno had been a
+woman, how many desolate orphans she would have cared for! She would have
+given them summer outings, no doubt, and would have <a name="Page_003" id="Page_003"></a>filled their
+stockings brimful at Christmas time.</p>
+
+<p>Not being a woman, Juno did her best, nevertheless, to make the world a
+little easier for all the orphans she knew. What a heart must have beaten
+under that gray fur! Ned and I often talked of it, and were filled with
+regret that Juno could not understand our language so that we could talk
+to her and get her views on the subject.</p>
+
+<p>There was the time when she adopted the chicken, for instance. We knew
+Juno so well that we felt perfectly certain how she looked at those
+things, and so when the old yellow hen declined to acknowledge the little
+black chicken as hers, and pecked its head whenever it went near her, we
+took the helpless and disowned <a name="Page_004" id="Page_004"></a>orphan and put it in Juno's bed, between
+the two kittens.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;There, Juno,&quot; said Ned, by way of explanation to her look of
+astonishment, &quot;there's a child that's been deserted by its unfeeling
+mother; I wish you'd look after it.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>And Juno took the chicken and held it with one paw while she licked it all
+over, though I am not sure that she liked the taste of the soft down that
+covered the little stranger. She kept the chicken all that night and every
+night afterwards until it considered itself big enough to go alone.</p>
+
+<p>How we used to laugh to see Juno walking about the yard with her
+foster-child chirping after her, or to see the chicken run to her and
+insist on being hovered!<a name="Page_005" id="Page_005"></a></p>
+
+<p class="figcenter"><a href="./images/57.jpg"><img src="./images/57-tb.jpg" alt="Her Adopted Child" title="Her Adopted Child" /></a></p>
+
+<p>As time passed the adopted child became independent and needed no further
+guardianship, yet the friendliest relations existed between the two. Even
+after the chicken was grown and had chickens of her own they seldom met in
+their promenades about the place that Juno did not pause to rub her head
+affectionately <a name="Page_006" id="Page_006"></a>against the neck of the orphan that she had brought up.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Juno was about a year older, I think, when there was a death in her
+family. The one little kitten that she loved with all her mother heart
+died and left her desolate. It was a very sad occasion, I remember, but we
+had a great funeral. We dug the grave at the end of the garden. Johnny's
+express wagon was the hearse, and Johnny drew it, and was very serious
+indeed. We borrowed Mrs. Martin's baby carriage, and that was the mourning
+coach. Juno rode in it, with Ned and Gimps walking one on each side and
+holding her in. I pushed the coach, while a long procession of the
+neighbors' children came behind, crying with all their <a name="Page_007" id="Page_007"></a>might. We sung a
+hymn at the grave, and did everything we could to soothe Juno's grief.</p>
+
+<p>But Juno would not be reconciled. She drooped around and mewed so
+pitifully for several days that we could not endure it; so we went to a
+neighbor's cat that had more kittens than she needed, and borrowed one of
+them for Juno. Dear me, how proud she was of it, and how she took it in
+her arms and cuddled it up close to her! The whole family came out to look
+at her, and the Colonel said:</p>
+
+<p>&quot;And this is only a cat! What great tenderness there should be in the
+human heart when a poor little animal can be like this!&quot;</p>
+
+<p>And the next day Uncle Dick, who was a great favorite with all of us, rode
+up to the fence and shouted cheerily:<a name="Page_008" id="Page_008"></a></p>
+
+<p>&quot;Hello, boys! Here is a present for you. I killed a mother fox at the
+mouth of her hole, and here is one of her babies.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>And he reached down into his pocket and drew out a baby fox about as large
+as an interrogation point, but the funniest and sharpest little thing you
+ever saw, though its eyes were not open yet.</p>
+
+<p>With one accord we shouted:</p>
+
+<p>&quot;There's a baby for Juno!&quot; and away we ran with it and laid it beside the
+new kitten.</p>
+
+<p>Juno arose and looked the little stranger over with evident anxiety. She
+seemed to be troubled with some haunting suspicion that this was not an
+orthodox cat. The bushy red tail was a special subject of curiosity. She
+touched it up with her <a name="Page_009" id="Page_009"></a>paw and looked at it with her head on one side.</p>
+
+<p>For several dreadful minutes we were afraid that Juno was going to leave
+an orphan on our hands; but we did not know her, after all. In a few
+moments she reached the conclusion that the fox was probably a cat of some
+new and interesting kind, and she lay down again, purring softly, and took
+the little stranger to her heart.</p>
+
+<p>Such a pair as those two did make! We named the fox Flash, and he was the
+pride and the delight of the family. In a few days after his adoption Juno
+came to look on him as quite the most beautiful creature she had ever
+seen, and she showed a decided partiality for him. When she moved her
+family from the <a name="Page_010" id="Page_010"></a>stable to mother's room, which she did systematically
+every morning, she always carried Flash in first and laid him on the rug
+with an air of pride impossible to describe.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;No, no, Juno,&quot; mother would say, &quot;he is very pretty, but I can't have him
+here.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>But Juno would run back after the kitten, and, having toiled upstairs with
+it, would lay it on the rug also and lie down beside it, as though she
+would say:</p>
+
+<p>&quot;I'd like to see you move me now!&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Within a month Flash could run everywhere, and he was the brightest, the
+sharpest, the merriest little fellow that ever kept a respectable cat in
+trouble with his escapades. That sharp nose of his was everywhere at once,
+it seemed to me, and those bright eyes were peering <a name="Page_011" id="Page_011"></a>into every corner in
+search of mischief. He trotted about the house with a swaggering
+impudence, and went to bed in one of the Colonel's shoes if he liked, or
+played hide and seek in father's hat when he found it convenient.</p>
+
+<p class="figcenter"><a href="./images/63.jpg"><img src="./images/63-tb.jpg" alt="Juno and Child" title="Juno and Child" /></a></p>
+
+
+<p>As for the life he led poor Juno, we often wondered why she did not turn
+grayer than ever, having to deal with this graceless young reprobate. If
+he found her trying to sleep a little, he would bite her ears and pull at
+her tail, bracing himself back on all four of his absurd little feet, and
+sometimes tumbling over in his excitement; and he rolled over her and
+<a name="Page_012" id="Page_012"></a>growled and worried her until she must have been almost on the verge of
+insomnia! Yet she never boxed his ears once, much as he deserved it.</p>
+
+<p>As the kitten grew older and able to take part in the play, what romps the
+three used to have! How many times I have seen them rushing through the
+house in wild pursuit of one another, making as much noise as a drove of
+horses, mother said, with the fox in the lead, and the cats chasing him,
+and all the children running to look.</p>
+
+<p>But their favorite playground was in the yard, where the fountain was,
+with its big circular basin. Around and around this basin they flew, and
+Flash always gained on his pursuers until he came up with them, vaulted
+over them, and was in front <a name="Page_013" id="Page_013"></a>again, slipping out of sight like a spirit. I
+suppose most animals enjoy themselves, but I am sure I never saw animals
+have a better time than Juno and those two children of hers.</p>
+
+<p>And the good times went on without diminution for many a day. Flash grew
+to be almost as large as his mother, but if he ever realized that he was
+not a cat we never knew it. He was as familiar in the house as though he
+owned it. When Ned and I were going to bed in the dark one night, and put
+out our hands to turn down the bedclothes, we touched something soft and
+furry, and we had both tumbled half-way down the stairs before we realized
+that Juno and Flash had gone to sleep in our bed.</p>
+
+<p>And all the time how Juno loved the <a name="Page_014" id="Page_014"></a>fox! She scarcely ever came near him
+without stopping to rub her head against him affectionately, or to lick
+his sharp little ears. She never did grow indifferent to this child of the
+forest that she had raised as her own. Perhaps it would have been better
+if she had not cared so much.</p>
+
+<p>One day a strange dog slipped in at the gate while some one was passing
+out. The fox had never been hurt in his life, and he felt no fear of
+anything. He trotted up to the dog with his inquisitive nose in the air,
+and before any one could speak or move, the dog had seized him and was
+shaking the life out of him.</p>
+
+<p>I never shall forget how we ran from the sight of it, when the dog was
+beaten away. But when we stole back after a while, Juno was with Flash,
+and was licking <a name="Page_015" id="Page_015"></a>his face and trying her best to help him. Even the
+Colonel could not bear to see her, but went away and shut himself up.</p>
+
+<p>As for poor Flash, his day was done, and the merry little heart was still.
+And a few hours later there was another grave at the foot of the garden.</p>
+
+<p>We tried very hard after that to make Juno forget her loss, but she would
+not forget. She missed the child that she had loved so tenderly, and broke
+away from our caresses to go mewing from room to room, or to sit by the
+fountain, filling the air with disconsolate wails. She would not touch the
+food we offered her, though we saved her the most tempting morsels.</p>
+
+<p>Of course this could not go on long. One night, a week after the death of
+Flash, Juno stretched herself out on the <a name="Page_016" id="Page_016"></a>rug and died as quietly as
+though she had fallen to sleep; and we all cried as though our hearts
+would break.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;And this is only a cat,&quot; said the Colonel. &quot;Think what human grief must
+be when a mere animal could grieve like this!&quot;</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 20, March 25, 1897, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND ***
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+</pre>
+
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 1, No. 20, March 25, 1897, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 20, March 25, 1897
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: March 21, 2005 [EBook #15428]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy, and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team. (www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+_FIVE CENTS._
+
+THE GREAT ROUND WORLD
+
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT
+
+    SUBSCRIPTION PRICE.   MARCH 25, 1897     Vol. 1. NO. 20
+    $2.50 PER YEAR
+    [Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second-class matter]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER FOR BOYS AND GIRLS
+
+    WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. PUBLISHER
+
+    NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY
+
+=Copyrighted 1897, By WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NOTICE
+
+Booksellers and Newsdealers
+
+will furnish at price advertised any book named in GREAT ROUND
+WORLD, or copies of =The Great Round World=. Subscriptions, either
+single or in quantity, or at club rates, may be placed with booksellers or
+newsdealers in any town. We allow them commission on =all such business=,
+that our customers may be promptly and satisfactorily served. If your
+bookseller or newsdealer does not keep THE GREAT ROUND WORLD call
+his attention to this notice, and ask him to write to
+
+    =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON, 3 & 5 W. 18th Street,=
+    =NEW YORK CITY.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
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+
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+convenience of an assortment of text-books and supplies more complete than
+any other in any store in this city. Books will be classified according to
+subject. Teachers and students are invited to call and refer to the
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+
+Reading Charts, miscellaneous Reference Charts, Maps, Globes, Blackboards,
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+
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+=2,000 COMPOSITION BOOKS= (retail price, 5 to 25 cents) =at 2 to 10 cents
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+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD
+And WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.]
+
+
+VOL. 1   MARCH 25, 1897.   NO. 20
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A Committee has been appointed by the English Parliament to inquire about
+the raid made by Dr. Jameson into the Transvaal in December, 1895.
+
+All London is deeply interested in this matter, so much so that a number
+of the great English peers are present at the meetings, even the Prince of
+Wales having attended several of them.
+
+These meetings are held in Westminster Hall, which is one of the most
+interesting buildings in London.
+
+It was begun by King William Rufus, about 1090, and was used by the early
+English Kings as a banqueting hall.
+
+All the Kings and Queens of England until the time of George IV. were
+crowned in Westminster Hall, and in this same building Charles I. was
+condemned to death, and Oliver Cromwell was declared Protector of England,
+and here the first Parliaments sat.
+
+Westminster Hall after a while became part of the King's palace of
+Westminster, where the famous Henry VIII. lived. This palace was destroyed
+by fire except the grand old Hall, which was left standing alone until
+the new Houses of Parliament were built on the ground where the palace had
+once stood, and the Hall became a part of the Houses of Parliament.
+
+This grand old building with its wonderful arched roof has seen many great
+assemblies in its 800 years of life, but this inquiry into the affairs of
+the Transvaal is by no means the least interesting of them.
+
+If you take your map, you will see that the southern part of Africa is
+divided into several states and colonies.
+
+Cape Colony, the most southerly of all, belongs to England. Then comes the
+Orange Free State, and then the South African Republic, or the Transvaal,
+as it is called. You will notice that the English possessions creep up the
+coast in front of the Transvaal, and also form its western or land
+boundary.
+
+The Transvaal is a Republic originally settled by the Dutch. Its
+inhabitants are called Boers, and they are a race of sturdy farmers. It is
+from their employment that they get their name of Boer. In the Dutch
+language boer means a peasant, a farmer, or a tiller of the soil. It is
+the same word as the German _Bauer_, a peasant.
+
+These Boers are governed by a clever old man named Paul Krueger,--Oom (or
+Uncle) Paul, as his people call him.
+
+England, as you will see by your map, owns vast tracts of land in South
+Africa, and according to her regular practice she is trying to enlarge her
+possessions still further. Wherever England establishes a colony, she
+reaches out on either side of her, and takes, if possible, a little piece
+of land here, and another little scrap there, until by and by she has
+laid hold of the greater part of the land around her.
+
+She has been following her usual custom in South Africa.
+
+But the Boers are not fond of the English, and they have been trying with
+all their power to keep these neighbors of theirs as far away from them as
+possible. As the English have advanced, the Boers have retreated, even
+giving up the diamond mines of Kimberly in the process of moving.
+
+One day, however, rich gold-fields were discovered on the Witwaters Rand.
+A Rand is the high land on either side of a river valley.
+
+This settled matters for the Boers. From the moment gold-fields were
+discovered, Englishmen poured into the Transvaal.
+
+The Boers, who, as we have said, are a quiet farming people, were not
+pleased with this invasion of foreigners. They christened them Uitlanders,
+which means outsiders, and they are decidedly not in love with them.
+
+The capital of the Transvaal is a town called Pretoria. It is the seat of
+the government, and is a simple, unpretentious town, situated in the
+centre of the little Republic.
+
+When the Uitlanders poured over the borders into the gold-fields, they
+desired to have a town somewhat nearer to the Rand and the gold-fields
+than Pretoria was, so they founded Johannesburg.
+
+This town flourished amazingly, and soon far outstripped Pretoria in size
+and importance, just as the Uitlanders had outstripped the Boers in point
+of numbers and wealth.
+
+The native population of the Transvaal is very scattered. They are a
+nation of farmers, and at the present time there are only about 15,000
+Boer men in the whole territory, while of the English-speaking Uitlanders
+there are more than five times that number.
+
+No sooner did Johannesburg grow to be a powerful city, than the
+Uitlanders, her citizens, demanded that they should have a voice in the
+government of the country.
+
+They complained that they were hardly used by the Boers, and made to pay
+heavy taxes.
+
+The taxes are certainly heavy, but they are levied upon the gold miners,
+who have come to the Transvaal for the sole purpose of making fortunes out
+of the gold deposits; these fortunes they wish to carry away with them to
+their own country.
+
+The Boers, very naturally, think that some portion of these riches should
+be paid to the country which gave them, and they cannot see by what right
+these foreign gold-hunters expect to have a voice in the government.
+
+One of the great grievances of the Uitlanders is that the Boers will not
+have English taught in the schools, and that their children are obliged to
+learn the language of the country if they go to the public schools.
+
+These demands of the Uitlanders will seem all the more absurd when it is
+understood that they do not ask for a voice in the government as citizens
+of the country. None of these English-speaking people have so much as
+offered to become citizens of the Transvaal. They are not even willing to
+be. They wish to keep their right of citizenship in their own country,
+that they may have the protection of England, and be able to return there
+as soon as they have made their fortunes.
+
+However, while they are in the Transvaal, digging their gold out of its
+soil, they want to be able to govern the country in their own way, and are
+loud in their outcries against the Boers for preventing them from doing
+so.
+
+Under the laws of the Transvaal it is very easy to become a citizen.
+
+A man has only to live there two years before he can become a citizen, and
+have all the share in the government that he is entitled to.
+
+But this the Uitlanders are not willing to do. They want everything for
+nothing.
+
+Does not their request seem outrageous?
+
+The Uitlanders kept up their demands for a share in the government, and
+the Boers steadily refused them.
+
+Then the population of Johannesburg began to arm itself, and the Boers
+quietly watched them.
+
+At last, word was sent to Dr. Jameson from the leading Uitlanders in
+Johannesburg that the Boers were up in arms, and that the people of
+Johannesburg were in danger of their lives.
+
+They begged Dr. Jameson to come to their aid, in the name of humanity.
+
+Dr. Jameson did not send this appeal on to his superiors, and wait for
+orders, as he should have done, but thinking that he was doing a glorious
+deed, he gathered a little force of eight hundred men together, and
+cutting down the telegraph wires behind him, so that no orders could reach
+him and stop him, he dashed into the Transvaal to the relief of
+Johannesburg.
+
+Almost within sight of Johannesburg he was met by the Boers, under their
+leader, General Joubert.
+
+Here a dastardly thing happened.
+
+The Uitlanders, who had sent for this brave but foolish man, did not raise
+a finger to help him, but stayed like cowards within the walls of their
+city, while the little body of men, worn out with their long march, were
+cut to pieces by their enemy.
+
+At last, when all hope was at an end, and but a hundred and fifty were
+left of his party, Dr. Jameson surrendered, and he and the remnant of his
+men were taken prisoner and conveyed to Pretoria.
+
+Great excitement was felt in both Cape Colony and England. Nobody wanted
+to take the blame for the raid, but every one felt that if Dr. Jameson had
+succeeded instead of having failed, England would have added the Transvaal
+to her possessions, and said as little about it as possible.
+
+Dr. Jameson having failed, matters were very different.
+
+President Krueger demanded to know why England had allowed an armed force
+to enter the territory of a country with which she was at peace, and
+wished to know by whose authority the raid was made.
+
+England at once declared that she had had no hand in the matter, and asked
+that Dr. Jameson and the rest of the prisoners might be sent to her, to be
+dealt with according to her laws.
+
+After some delay President Krueger agreed to do this, and the remnant of
+the famous raiders was shipped to England.
+
+On their arrival they were tried for breaking the laws, and the officers
+and Dr. Jameson were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment, varying
+from five to fifteen months.
+
+This ended the matter as far as Dr. Jameson was concerned--but not for the
+Government.
+
+The Boers presented a claim to the British Government for damages
+sustained by them from the raid. Their claim is for $8,000,000.
+
+They ask three millions for material damage, which means the cost of the
+men and arms they used to defeat the raiders, and five millions for "moral
+and intellectual damage," which means wounded feelings and general
+annoyance.
+
+There was much amusement in the British Parliament when the claim was
+made, and the members laughed heartily at the idea of moral and
+intellectual damage.
+
+In the same way that we manage these matters in our Senate, the affair was
+referred to a committee.
+
+This committee has to inquire into the matter, see if the claim is a just
+one, and whether England ought really to pay money to the South African
+Republic.
+
+It is this committee which is sitting in Westminster Hall.
+
+All London was interested when Mr. Cecil Rhodes was called before it and
+put on the stand as a witness. Mr. Rhodes was the Prime Minister of Cape
+Colony, and resigned his position when the trouble came about the Raid.
+
+He is perhaps the most important man in all South Africa. It is his desire
+to bring the whole of this territory under English rule, and it is thought
+that this ambition was at the root of the Jameson Raid, and that Cecil
+Rhodes is really the person who is responsible for it.
+
+It is also whispered that the English Government looks favorably upon his
+plans, and that the Raid was only a part of a deep-laid scheme to
+overthrow the Boer Government, and seize the Transvaal for England.
+
+The Boers evidently believe this side of the story, for at the opening of
+their Parliament the other day, Oom Paul, the valiant old President,
+stated that it was the object of the enemy to destroy the Republic, but
+that the Boers must rely upon the help of God. He closed his speech with
+the solemn words:
+
+"The Lord will not forsake His people!"
+
+Mr. Cecil Rhodes has been asked by the Committee of Inquiry to explain the
+trouble in South Africa, and he has done so at great length.
+
+His explanation is, however, a trifle funny to fair-minded persons who
+believe that the old maxim, "What is mine is mine, and what is thine is
+thine," should be strictly obeyed.
+
+Mr. Rhodes has made a long complaint against the Boers for not allowing
+strangers and foreigners to help them govern their own country. He has
+pictured the woes of the Uitlanders because they are not allowed to
+govern, and because their children are not taught English in the schools,
+and moreover, because they are made to pay heavy taxes for the gold they
+mine and carry away. They have still another grievance. Any favor that the
+Boers show at all is shown to Germans, and not to Englishmen. The Boers
+will not allow any of the products of Cape Colony within their borders,
+but prefer to do their trading with Germany. A dreadful offence truly,
+that they choose their own markets!
+
+The Commission has heard Mr. Rhodes with great seriousness and a good deal
+of sympathy.
+
+So far, strange to say, it does not seem to have occurred to any member of
+the august assembly which is making the inquiry, that the Uitlanders are
+mere squatters in the Transvaal, and that if they don't like the ways of
+the country they are visiting, there is nothing to prevent them from
+packing up their traps, and going back whence they came.
+
+Mr. Cecil Rhodes has not attempted to hide the fact that he did his best
+to stir up the uneasy feeling in Johannesburg that led to the Jameson
+Raid.
+
+He admits that he sent Dr. Jameson to the borders of the Transvaal with
+orders to hold himself in readiness for an emergency.
+
+He does not allow that he is responsible for the actual raid itself,
+because Dr. Jameson acted without orders when making it.
+
+He does not deny, however, that he hoped to overthrow the Boer Government,
+and President Krueger.
+
+One of the members of the committee asked him if he meant to make himself
+President in the place of Oom Paul, but he denied that he had any such
+idea.
+
+He gave, as a final reason why the cause of the Uitlanders was a just
+cause, that "no body of Englishmen will ever remain in any place for any
+period, without insisting on their civil rights."
+
+There is quite a sprinkling of Americans among the Uitlanders, but it is
+to be hoped that they understand the duties of citizenship too well to be
+among the discontents who demand its privileges without being willing to
+undertake its penalties.
+
+The Boer Parliament has, since the sitting of the committee in London,
+refused the Uitlanders' last appeal for a voice in the government, and it
+is thought that England will refuse to pay the money damages claimed by
+the Republic.
+
+It is thought that the result of the matter will be a war with the Boers,
+in which England will struggle to overthrow the other South African
+governments, and secure the control of the whole of that vast territory
+for herself.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Matters in Greece are growing more serious. Much has happened within the
+last few days.
+
+On further consideration of the offers of the Powers, Greece refused home
+rule for Crete, and declared her intention of carrying out her plan of
+reunion with the island.
+
+She boldly defied the Powers, and declared that she would yield only to
+superior force.
+
+In replying to the note from the Powers ordering her to withdraw her
+troops from Crete, her Prime Minister, Delyannis, said that while Greece
+would not leave Crete, there should be no fighting with the Turks unless
+an attempt was made by them to carry the war into Greece itself. Unless
+the Turks invade Greece, the Greek army would only remain in Crete to
+protect the Christians there. If, however, the Powers made matters too
+difficult for Greece in Crete, she would of course have to protect
+herself.
+
+This reply put Europe in a very difficult quandary. Greece says she is
+ready to fight the whole of Europe rather than leave her brothers in
+Crete in the power of the Turks.
+
+The Powers, having threatened to make her obey if she refused to comply
+with their wishes, are now aghast at the prospect of having to fight with
+the heathen Turks against the Christian Greeks, or else steam back to
+their respective countries, snubbed and ridiculous.
+
+They have long been conferring together to prevent any further misrule in
+Turkey, and to efface this monarchy, which is a disgrace to Europe, and
+they find that, by their too hasty interference, they have put themselves
+in the position of having to uphold the Turkish misrule against their own
+convictions.
+
+The Turks are so convinced that Europe is going to stand by them, that
+large bodies of them are parading the streets of Canea, crying for the
+blood of the Christian "dogs," as they call them, and apparently expecting
+that the Powers are going to help them in a general massacre of the
+Greeks.
+
+This state of affairs is particularly dreadful, because, at the time of
+the massacre of the Armenians by the Turks, not one of the European Powers
+fired a shot to prevent it. All that was done was accomplished by talks
+and conferences with the Ambassadors.
+
+Now, when Greece tries to free her Christian brothers from the grasp of
+the Turks, these same Powers train their guns on the Greeks, and lend the
+Turks their aid to force the Christians back under the control of the
+murdering Turks!
+
+It is a monstrous situation, and one that makes every honest man hate the
+diplomacy and politics of nations that make such things possible and
+necessary.
+
+When Greece sent her defiant answer to the Powers, they had a long
+conference, and after much talk, decided to send their Ultimatum to
+Greece.
+
+An Ultimatum means a final condition, which, if refused, will break off
+all attempts at settling matters peaceably.
+
+The Ultimatum of the Powers was written in two separate letters.
+
+The first requested Greece to withdraw her ships and soldiers within six
+days.
+
+This has been presented.
+
+In case Greece refuses to withdraw, the second note will be given her.
+This states that the Powers will immediately use force to make her do as
+they desire. This of course means that war will be declared.
+
+It is said that the Greeks are not likely to obey the wishes of the
+Powers, and that the King of Greece intends to refuse, and then to take
+his own course.
+
+It is said that King George has declared himself quite ready for a war
+with Turkey, and that he does not intend to allow the Powers to tell him
+what he is to do.
+
+Greece is making preparations for war, has called out her army reserves,
+and is massing her troops all along the Turkish frontier, expecting that
+the war will be on the mainland, and not on the island of Crete. Greece
+expects that should war be declared Turkey will at once try to cross her
+borders and conquer her. If Turkey does not attempt this, Greece will
+cross into Turkish territory, and endeavor to reconquer the various
+ancient Greek provinces which are now under the rule of Turkey. The
+Servians, Bulgarians, and Montenegrins are also arming and rising, and
+will side with Greece in case the war breaks out.
+
+If you look these little countries up on the map, you will find that they
+lie on the Northern side of European Turkey, while Greece is on the
+Southern side. If these countries do really come to the aid of Greece,
+Turkey will find herself between two enemies, and will have a difficult
+war to fight.
+
+[Illustration: Types of Greek Fighters.]
+
+It is not true that Russia is at the bottom of this Cretan trouble.
+
+She has evidently been acting sincerely this time. She has warned Greece
+to stop her quarrel with Turkey, has sent word to her that she very much
+disapproves of the way she is behaving, and as Greece has not listened to
+her protests, she has finally broken off all diplomatic relations with
+her. This, you remember as in the case of Venezuela, means that Russia and
+Greece are no longer on speaking terms.
+
+Russia is very angry with Greece for refusing her advice, and Greece feels
+very bitterly toward Russia for helping in the bombardment of the Greeks
+at Akrotiri.
+
+So deep is the feeling between them, that when the Russian court sent the
+appointment of Honorary Admiral of the Russian Navy, as a compliment, to
+Queen Olga of Greece, she returned it indignantly, saying she could not
+hold any rank in a navy that had fired upon Greeks and Cretans.
+
+Europe is still looking around for some one on whom to cast the blame for
+the Cretan muddle. The present idea is that England is the guilty party.
+This last report may not have any more truth in it than that about Russia,
+but it is now, said that England is bent upon conquering the Transvaal,
+and securing South Africa for herself, and that she has stirred up all
+this Cretan mischief, so that Germany and the other European Powers may be
+too busy at home to look after her abroad.
+
+Whoever is to blame, the Greeks are going steadily ahead. Fighting
+continues, the Greek arms being mainly successful.
+
+Turkey has tried to send fresh troops to Crete, but has been prevented by
+the Powers.
+
+The ports of Crete are closely blockaded, and the island is running short
+of food.
+
+There is a story that when the Greek fleet was ordered to leave Cretan
+waters by the Powers, its commander, Commodore Reinecke, replied that he
+would only obey the orders of his own government, and that, though the
+Powers sank his ship, he would not move until he had his country's orders
+to do so.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Good has come out of evil.
+
+The cruel death of the unfortunate Dr. Ruiz in Cuba has aroused and
+alarmed the government into looking more closely after our citizens there.
+
+For one reason or another, Mr. Olney chose to disbelieve the stories from
+Cuba, and tried to throw discredit on General Lee, declaring that his
+action in the Ruiz matter had been hasty and unwarranted, and that things
+were not so bad in Cuba as he stated them to be.
+
+Mr. Cleveland and the Senate refused to be satisfied with this statement,
+and demanded that all the papers relating to our citizens who are
+imprisoned in Cuba should be laid before them.
+
+At the same time, Senator Morgan offered a joint resolution, demanding the
+immediate release of General Julio Sanguily.
+
+General Sanguily, who was a famous Cuban general in the previous war
+against Spain, has been many months in Cuban prisons, and was at one time
+condemned to penal servitude at the Spanish settlement in South Africa.
+
+Through the representations of our government a new trial was secured for
+him, and he was finally set free.
+
+The manner of freeing him was very Spanish. Word was sent to him that if
+he would declare himself guilty of treason against Spain he would be given
+his liberty. This he refused to do. He had not very much faith in the
+Spaniards, and he was not sure that it might not be a trap which they were
+setting for him. He feared that if he declared himself guilty, they would
+make it a pretext for putting him to death.
+
+Mr. Olney however, persuaded him to do as Spain wished, Minister de Lome
+having explained to him that Spain would graciously pardon General
+Sanguily if he acknowledged his guilt.
+
+So the farce was played according to Spain's wishes, and the innocent
+Sanguily declared himself guilty, that he might he pardoned for an offence
+which he had never committed. He was thereupon set free, and made the best
+of his way over to America and security.
+
+This Sanguily farce has been made to answer another purpose.
+
+Spain is very tired of Weyler, and the complete failure of the great
+campaign in which he was going "to eat up the Cubans at his leisure," has
+made Spain lose faith in him.
+
+The constant battles in the provinces which he had declared pacified, the
+ease with which Gomez crossed the Trocha which had cost Spain so much
+money, and the repeated defeats of the Spanish arms, settled the business,
+and it was decided that Weyler must be removed from Cuba.
+
+For some unknown reason, Spain does not want to disgrace Weyler, in spite
+of his failures, so they have allowed him to use the release of Sanguily
+as a pretext for disagreeing with the government, and resigning his
+position in Cuba. The Spaniards seem to be most careful of their friends'
+feelings, and most polite in all their dealings with one another. It is a
+pity that this very delicate code of honor does not prevent them from
+murdering helpless prisoners, and insulting defenceless women.
+
+The release of Sanguily has aroused some very bitter feeling in Havana,
+and the Spaniards are saying that Spain ought not to submit to it, nor to
+General Lee's conduct in regard to the murder of Ruiz.
+
+These murmurs are so loud and threatening, that all the Americans who can
+do so are leaving the island with all possible speed.
+
+Should the Spanish attack them, they have no means of defence; the
+Consulate is an unprotected building, and Consul Lee has no men at his
+disposal to protect them.
+
+Gomez appears to be advancing toward Havana.
+
+From the last reports a large body of insurgents was seen at Cienfuegos.
+They mustered about 5,000 men, and were supposed to be commanded by
+General Gomez himself. The news was brought by bands of Spanish soldiers
+who had fled at his approach.
+
+They said the army was marching in long lines, two foot-soldiers abreast,
+with the cavalry covering them on the two sides, one horseman behind the
+other.
+
+Cienfuegos is about two hundred miles from Arroyo Blanco, where Gomez won
+his great fight. To reach this place he has crossed the great Eastern
+Trocha, and is now but a hundred and fifty miles from Havana.
+
+It is reported that General Weyler came back to Havana suddenly and
+unexpectedly, and it may have been in consequence of the approach of
+Gomez.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The filibusters are busy again.
+
+Word was sent to the Treasury Department the other day, that a large
+steamer, supposed to be carrying arms and men to Cuba, had left Barnegat,
+on the Jersey Coast.
+
+It was reported that this steamer was the _Laurada_, the famous
+filibuster, about which we spoke in Numbers 6 and 9 of THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD.
+
+The _Laurada_ came back from her Spanish trip, and appeared to be
+conducting herself like a good, peaceable steamer; but, if reports are
+true, she has suddenly commenced her tricks again.
+
+She took on coal and provisions at Baltimore, pretending she was going to
+Philadelphia, but she has not yet been heard of at that port.
+
+A steamer answering to her description has appeared off Barnegat, taken on
+quantities of arms and ammunition, and about a hundred men, among whom it
+is supposed was General Carlos Roloff, the insurgent Minister of War.
+
+The little revenue cutter _Manhattan_ was ordered out of New York Harbor,
+to arrest her; and loaded with arms, and with four United States Deputy
+Marshals, she hurried off in chase of the naughty steamer.
+
+She made all haste to Barnegat, having to make her way through heavy seas
+that tried the nerves and the stomachs of the passengers.
+
+When she arrived, there was no _Laurada_ in sight; that saucy vessel had
+made the most of her opportunities, and was a hundred and fifty miles down
+the coast. The marshals got nothing for their trouble but a chilly trip
+and a bad attack of sea-sickness.
+
+It seems that the secret of the expedition was ferreted out by some
+Pinkerton detectives, who are in the employ of the Spanish.
+
+These worthies heard about the expedition, and hired a boat and went out
+after the _Laurada_. They came up with her as she was taking on her cargo,
+but she was far enough away from the coast to be what is termed "on the
+high seas," too far out for interference from anything but a man-of-war or
+a revenue cutter.
+
+The story goes, that the tug which carried the Pinkerton men circled round
+the _Laurada_ several times, and saw the men being transferred from the
+barge to the steamer. These men, in their pleasure at having outwitted the
+Spanish detectives, beguiled the moments of waiting by making ugly faces
+at the Pinkerton men, and calling them various foreign names, until the
+detectives finally steamed off to give information, and get revenge.
+
+There are rumors that two other expeditions have sailed for Cuba, or are
+about sailing. The _South Portland_ is supposed to be already on her way,
+and the _Bermuda_ to be waiting off Long Island for a large party.
+
+It is supposed that the filibusters hope the change in the Administration
+may have made things a little easier for them. They appear to have waited
+for President McKinley's election to try once more to help their friends.
+
+It remains to be seen what action our new President will take in the
+matter.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The case of the _Three Friends_ has been up in courts again.
+
+You remember how she was seized, and the case against her was dismissed
+because Judge Locke decided that, as President Cleveland had declared
+there was no state of war in Cuba, the vessel could not be breaking any
+laws in carrying merchandise to Cuba.
+
+This decision was appealed against, and was taken into the higher courts
+for further consideration.
+
+The higher court has decided that as it was known that troubles of a
+warlike nature were going on, the _Three Friends_ was guilty of breaking
+the laws, and should never have been set free. Chief Justice Fuller
+therefore decided that a new trial must be held, and the steamer once more
+taken into custody.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+News comes from Siam that the government there has agreed to arbitrate the
+Cheek Teakwood claim, in the endeavor to settle which our Vice-Consul, Mr.
+Kellett, was wounded, as we told you in Numbers 16 and 17 of THE GREAT
+ROUND WORLD.
+
+The Siamese government has also agreed to look into the matter of the
+assault on Mr. Kellett, and punish the guilty persons.
+
+As you will see in Number 17, Mr. Olney hinted that Consul-General Barrett
+had been over-hasty, and that the Siamese were not to blame.
+
+He made similar remarks about General Lee in Cuba.
+
+He does not seem to want our Consuls to protect our citizens in foreign
+countries, and it is perhaps a good thing for the nation that he has no
+longer the power to hinder them in the performance of their duties.
+
+Consul-General Barrett's claim proves to have been just and right, by the
+action of the Siamese government.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Blondin, the celebrated tight-rope walker, has just died in London, at the
+age of seventy-three.
+
+The performance which made him famous was the crossing of Niagara Falls on
+the tight-rope.
+
+Blondin was a Frenchman, his father having been one of Napoleon's
+soldiers.
+
+A story is told of him that when he was five years old he saw an acrobat
+performing on a tight-rope.
+
+He was so pleased with what he saw, that when he got home he stretched a
+rope between two posts, and, as soon as his mother was out of the way,
+took his father's fishing-rod, and, using it as a balancing pole, made his
+first appearance as a tight-rope walker.
+
+He was trained for an acrobat and tight-rope walking, and came to this
+country with a troup of pantomimists.
+
+While here he visited Niagara Falls, and the idea at once struck him that,
+if he dared to cross those terrible waters on a rope, his fortune would be
+made. He made up his mind to try it, and stayed in the village of Niagara
+for weeks, until he had learned just how it would be possible for him to
+perform the feat.
+
+Then he set about getting the scheme well advertised, and securing plenty
+of money for himself if he succeeded in accomplishing it.
+
+On August 17th, 1859, he made the trip across the Falls in the presence of
+50,000 spectators.
+
+His rope was 175 feet above the waters.
+
+He was not satisfied with merely walking across; he crossed again
+blindfolded, and then carrying a man on his back, and once again wheeling
+a barrow before him.
+
+In the summer of 1860 he crossed once more in the presence of the Prince
+of Wales, and carried a man on his back, whom he set down on the rope six
+times, while he rested.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+News has reached us that a great avalanche of snow has fallen upon the
+Monastery of St. Bernard, and has destroyed the left wing of the building,
+though happily without costing any lives.
+
+[Illustration: The St. Bernard at home.]
+
+The Great St. Bernard is a mountain pass in the Swiss Alps, and the
+monastery was built in the year 963 by a nobleman named Bernard de
+Menthon, for the use of pilgrims on their way to Rome.
+
+As the years have passed away, the pilgrims have become tourists, but
+still the monastery's doors have been open for all who asked for shelter
+there. There is sleeping accommodation for one hundred people, but in bad
+weather as many as six hundred guests have been sheltered at one time.
+
+Snow avalanches like the one which has destroyed the wing of the monastery
+are of frequent occurrence there. An avalanche is a mass of snow, which,
+getting loosened from the mountain heights, falls down to the valley,
+often bearing masses of rock and earth with it. As it sweeps down the
+mountain side it carries all before it, and when it is finally checked in
+its course, it smothers everything around in its mantle of white.
+
+It has always been a part of the monks' duties, after one of these
+dreadful avalanches has passed over, to go out into the mountains and
+search for travellers who may have been buried by it.
+
+To help them in this work they keep a number of the St. Bernard dogs,
+which we all know and love so well.
+
+The monks usually go out each day in couples, taking dogs and servants
+with them.
+
+The dogs can scent out any poor creature who may lie buried in the snow,
+and they run around, sniffing and seeking, seeming thoroughly to
+understand what is expected of them. When they find any one, they howl,
+and scratch at the snow till their masters come to them.
+
+They are so clever that they often show the monks the way home, when all
+traces of the road are shut out by the snow.
+
+Sometimes, when the storm is so bad that the monks dare not venture, the
+dogs are sent out alone, each with a little keg of brandy tied round his
+neck. They find the travellers, and show them the way to the monastery.
+
+One of these wonderful dogs, named Barri, saved twenty persons from a
+horrible death.
+
+                                     GENIE H. ROSENFELD.
+
+
+We stated, in regard to Oscar of Sweden, that the Prince Oscar who married
+Lady Ebba Munck was the eldest son of King Oscar.
+
+We should have said the second son.
+
+                                      THE EDITOR.
+
+
+
+
+LETTERS FROM OUR YOUNG FRIENDS.
+
+
+The Editor has much pleasure in acknowledging letters from Robertson B.,
+Grace K., and M.T.W.
+
+We are very glad to know that the trees that were moved are alive and
+doing well.
+
+
+    DEAR MR. EDITOR:
+
+    I read THE GREAT ROUND WORLD and I think it very nice.
+    I am glad to read in the number for February 25th about the
+    moving of Katonah, for I live in Katonah myself.
+
+    The people of Katonah do not want to have it thought that New
+    York city has made them move because they are careless about
+    their drainage. It is because the city is going to make a new
+    reservoir where the old village of Katonah now stands. Katonah
+    has three churches, a public library and reading-room, a village
+    improvement association, and a graded school, and _was_ proud of
+    itself.
+
+    We hope the new village will be even nicer than the old one. The
+    trees that were moved are living and doing well.
+
+                                             Yours truly,
+                                               ROBERTSON B. (Age 11).
+    KATONAH, N.Y., March 2d, 1897.
+
+
+    DEAR EDITOR:
+
+    I have been reading THE GREAT ROUND WORLD for three or
+    four months, and like it very much. I am particularly interested
+    in the Cubans, and hope they will soon gain their freedom.
+
+    I have just finished "Little Women," and perhaps the other
+    little girls and boys have read it, too. I think it is splendid.
+
+    I am eleven years old, and this is my first letter, so I hope
+    you will publish it.
+
+    Wishing THE GREAT ROUND WORLD continued success, I am
+
+                                                 Yours truly,
+                                                     GRACE K.
+    GREENSBORO, N.C., Feb. 27th, 1897.
+
+
+    DEAR MR. EDITOR:
+
+    My teacher subscribes for your paper for children, so that I
+    learn a great deal. I liked the account about the Nicaragua
+    Canal very much last week, as I know little about it.
+
+    I look every week with pleasure for the coming of THE GREAT
+    ROUND WORLD, as I am so interested in all the news you give
+    us. Wishing your paper great success, I am
+
+                                 Your little reader,
+                                             M.T.W. (Age 9).
+    NEW YORK, March 3d, 1897.
+
+
+
+
+INVENTION AND DISCOVERY.
+
+
+A _new paper doll_ has been invented by a Brooklyn woman.
+
+It is so arranged that the arms and legs are fastened on movable discs,
+and Miss Dolly, instead of being the flat, uninteresting thing that most
+paper dolls are, can move her arms and legs, and attend tea parties, and
+take refreshments, just as any well brought-up stuffed dolly can.
+
+She is to wear a great many beautiful dresses, which will take on and off
+easily, and will be a very nice companion for the little women who live in
+apartments, and have not much room for their dollies.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+_Scissors_ or _shears_.
+
+This is a very useful invention for a boy's tool-box or for mamma's
+work-table.
+
+It is a combination affair. In the first place, it looks like an ordinary
+pair of scissors. But when you open them to cut anything, you get the
+first surprise: one of the blades is marked off in inches, half-inches,
+quarters, eighths, and sixteenths.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Then when you are prepared for the wonders these shears have to show, you
+find that on one handle is a hammer-head, and that they can be used as a
+hammer. Close to the hammer-head a screw-driver is arranged. At the point
+of the shears is an awl for boring holes; and, most practical of all, the
+scissors when they are opened out form a perfect carpenter's square.
+
+This wonderful tool was invented by Benjamin Ford, of Newcastle, Maine.
+Any boy who has such a pair of shears, and a paper of screws in his
+pocket, can build and make to his heart's content, and the happy mother
+who has this tool on her work-table is done forever with breaking her back
+over the tool-chest, to find some particularly elusive screw-driver or
+gimlet.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+_Photographs in relief._
+
+A new plan in regard to photographs has been invented.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+It is to take a photograph, similar to the one that is to be embossed,
+and, after cutting it in a certain way, press the portions outward that it
+is desired shall stand in relief.
+
+An open mask of the same shape as the photograph is then used, and the two
+photographs are dampened and pressed tightly together until the face and
+figure stand out from the card, and the picture looks as if it had been
+carved in wood.
+
+This is a very ingenious invention, but the work is very difficult, and
+can only be done by people who are regularly trained to do it.
+
+                                                      G.H.R.
+
+
+       *       *        *       *       *
+
+FIRST BOUND VOLUMES
+
+OF....
+
+=The Great Round World=
+
+_Containing Nos. 1 to 15_
+
+=WILL BE READY MARCH 20TH=
+
+THESE VOLUMES WILL BE IN STRONG CLOTH, WITH TITLE ON BACK AND SIDE, WITH A
+HANDSOME DESIGN....
+
+=Price, Postage Paid, $1.25=
+
+Subscribers wishing their numbers bound will send them (express paid),
+enclosing 35 cents to cover cost of binding. Missing numbers or
+supplements will be supplied until exhausted, at regular price.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+    WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON
+
+    _3 & 5 West 18th Street, New York City_
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOUR FAMOUS BOOKS
+
+Every boy and girl is interested in what is going on about them. The
+authors of this series have gathered together the most interesting kind of
+information, and have told it in a most entertaining way.
+
+Copies will be sent post-paid to any address upon receipt of price named.
+
+    1. =Foods and Beverages=, by E.A. BEAL, M.D. Contains
+    reading lessons on the various kinds of Foods and their hygienic
+    values; on Grains, Fruits, and useful Plants, with elementary
+    botanical instruction relating thereto; and on other common
+    subjects of interest and importance to all, old and young. 281
+    pages. Cloth, 60 cents.
+
+    2. =Every-Day Occupations=, by H. WARREN CLIFFORD, S.D.
+    Quantities of useful facts entertainingly told, relating to work
+    and workers. How Leather is Tanned; How Silk is Made; The
+    Mysteries of Glass-Making, of Cotton Manufacture, of
+    Cloth-Making, of Ship and House Building; The Secrets of the
+    Dyer's Art and the Potter's Skill--all and more are described
+    and explained in detail with wonderful clearness. 330 pages.
+    Cloth, 60 cents.
+
+    3. =Man and Materials=, by WM. G. PARKER, M.E. Shows
+    how man has raised himself from savagery to civilization by
+    utilizing the raw material of the earth. Brings for the first
+    time the wonderful natural resources of the United States to the
+    notice of American children. The progress of the Metal-Working
+    arts simply described and very attractively illustrated. 323
+    pages. Cloth, 60 cents.
+
+    4. =Modern Industries and Commerce=, by ROBERT LOUIS,
+    PH.D. Treats of commerce and the different means of
+    conveyance used in different eras. Highways, Canals. Tunnels,
+    Railroads, and the Steam Engine are discussed in an entertaining
+    way. Other subjects are Paper Manufacture, Newspapers, Electric
+    Light, Atlantic Cable, the Telephone, and the principal newer
+    commercial applications of Electricity, etc. 329 pages. Cloth,
+    60 cents.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WOOD'S
+
+Natural History Readers.
+
+By the REV. J.G. WOOD, M.A.,
+
+_Author of "Homes without Hands," etc._
+
+
+=First Reader.= Short and simple stories about Common Domestic Animals 25
+cts.
+
+=Second Reader.= Short and simple stories about Animals of the Fields,
+Birds, etc. 36 cts.
+
+=Third Reader.= Descriptive of Familiar Animals and some of their wild
+relations 50 cts.
+
+=Fourth Reader.= The Monkey Tribe, the Bat Tribe, the Mole, Ox, Horse,
+Elephant, etc 65 cts.
+
+=Fifth Reader.= Birds, Reptiles, Fishes, etc. 65 cts.
+
+=Sixth Reader.= Mollusks, Crustacea, Spiders, Insects, Corals, Jelly Fish,
+Sponges, etc. 65 cts.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON=
+    =3 & 5 West 18th Street, - - - - NEW YORK=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE GREAT ROUND WORLD
+
+NATURAL HISTORY
+
+STORIES.
+
+A Series of True Stories
+
+BY
+
+JULIA TRUITT BISHOP.
+
+Attractively Illustrated by Barnes.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+These stories will be issued in parts. Price, 10 cents each. Subscription
+price (12 numbers), $1.00. Part 1. issued as supplement to GREAT ROUND
+WORLD. 19.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =Author's Preface.=
+
+    The stories published in this little volume have been issued
+    from time to time in the Philadelphia _Times_, and it is at the
+    request of many readers that they now greet the world in more
+    enduring form. They have been written as occasion suggested,
+    during several years; and they commemorate to me many of the
+    friends I have known and loved in the animal world. "Shep" and
+    "Dr. Jim," "Abdallah" and "Brownie," "Little Dryad" and
+    "Peek-a-Boo." I have been fast friends with every one, and have
+    watched them with such loving interest that I knew all their
+    ways and could almost read their thoughts. I send them on to
+    other lovers of dumb animals, hoping that the stories of these
+    friends of mine will carry pleasure to young and old.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON,=
+
+    =3 & 5 West 18th Street.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Great Round World Polisher
+
+    =Will take rust off your wheel, will polish your skates, your
+    gun, your fishing-reel--any and every polished metal surface can
+    be kept clean with it. .. .. .. .. .. ..=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It will polish knives--can be used as a knife sharpener. Put up in small
+packages convenient to carry in your bicycle tool-bag; full directions
+with each package.
+
+=BEWARE OF IMITATIONS. THIS POLISHER IS FULLY WARRANTED BY "THE GREAT
+ROUND WORLD."= If it does not do all that we say, and a great deal more,
+we will refund amount paid at any time. =CHEAP AND DURABLE=--will remain
+good until last morsel is used up. =NON-POISONOUS!!=
+
+Every boy or girl, man or woman, can use it safely.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =Price, 25 cents (13 two-cent stamps), postage paid to any address.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =CAN BE OBTAINED BY ALL FIRST-CLASS DEALERS.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON,
+    5 West 18th Street, New York City.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =EVERY PACKAGE BEARS THIS NAME.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+SUPPLEMENT TO
+
+[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+VOL. 1   MARCH 25, 1897.    NO. 20
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ABOUT GREECE AND CRETE.
+
+Do you know, my dear young friends, that you and I ought to be very glad
+and grateful that we are _Americans_?
+
+Does it ever occur to you that while millions of people in other lands are
+to-day suffering unspeakably from cruelty and oppression, it is your happy
+lot to live under a government which makes such wrongs impossible?
+
+You have seen what Cuba is willing to suffer, if she can only get away
+from the oppression of Spain. You have seen that she considers no
+sacrifices too great, that she will surrender fortune, happiness, and life
+itself, will endure lingering tortures and death in solitary dungeons; and
+all this, just that she may secure the very freedom which you and I enjoy
+so carelessly!
+
+And now, from the Southeastern end of Europe, there has come another
+supplicating voice, from another island.
+
+The little island of Crete, in the grasp of a hand infinitely more cruel
+than Spain's, has declared she would rather perish than remain longer at
+the mercy of the Turk.
+
+What could such a little atom of a country do alone? One can only wonder
+that she ever dared to _dream_ of freedom! But a desire for freedom makes
+frail, weak bodies marvellously strong sometimes. She resolved that she
+would not longer endure the Turkish yoke; and she called to her old
+kinsmen in Greece to come and take her into their Christian kingdom. She
+said: "We are the same in race and in religion, let us become one in
+country, too."
+
+This is not the first despairing cry that has come from the Sultan's
+dominions. Again and again have they rung through Europe in the last
+century.
+
+The rule of the Ottoman Empire (or Turkey) is the most corrupt, cruel, and
+degrading in the world. We have seen that Spain is grasping, avaricious,
+and a hard mother to her distant Colonies, which she treats like slaves
+rather than children. But for all that Spain is brave and chivalric. She
+has a _sense_ of honor and of justice, even if she violates it, and--she
+is _Christian_.
+
+But Turkey--Mohammedan Turkey, has not one of these qualities. She has no
+conscience, no shame, no remorse for terrible deeds done; indeed, the
+murder of Christians is the surest and swiftest passport to her heaven!
+Thousands and thousands of Christians perish by the sword every year in
+the Ottoman Empire, and awful cruelties are committed every day upon the
+living.
+
+Now you ask why the Christian nations of Europe permit these things to
+be; and you naturally suppose it goes on because they cannot help it. Not
+at all.
+
+Any one of the great nations of Europe could sweep the decaying old
+Mohammedan Empire out of existence in one campaign; and the six combined
+Powers, England, Russia, Austria, Germany, France, and Italy, could do it
+in six hours! Then why do they not?
+
+Simply because Turkey occupies the most important and valuable
+_strategical position_ on the earth. And each of these great nations is in
+mortal fear that some of the others will get possession of it.
+
+I have already told you about the immense importance of these "strategic
+points" in the great game of European politics or diplomacy, and how
+eagerly the nations are all the time watching for opportunities to secure
+them.
+
+If you will look at your map, you will see that Turkey lies at the gateway
+which separates the Eastern world from the Western. The vast and beautiful
+region ruled by the Sultan, and known as the "Ottoman Empire," lies partly
+in Asia, partly in Europe, and partly in Africa.
+
+Stretching over a vast expanse behind the Sultan is _India_--that India,
+which has been for centuries the coveted treasure-house of the world. With
+his back turned upon this marvellous India, the Sultan's face is turned
+toward Europe, where six great Empires are looking with eager and longing
+eyes at the golden prize behind him in the East; and each glaring
+suspiciously and defiantly at the other at the slightest move toward the
+coveted land, to which the Ottoman Empire bars the way.
+
+So you can see that disturbing the Turk while he is butchering Christians
+might be dangerous business for these Great Powers.
+
+England knows that Russia is watching her opportunity to slip in at the
+first opening, and may get to the prize first. And Russia, and Germany,
+and the rest all alike fear the same thing of each other. If any one of
+them _alone_ should make a move against the Turk,--the rest, like a pack
+of wolves, would be at her throat in an hour.
+
+So the Powers must all act together or in _concert_. And this is what is
+known as the "Concert of Europe."
+
+And this much talked-of Concert of Europe has for its chief object the
+preservation of the _balance of power._ That is, not permitting any one of
+the European States to become very much more powerful than it already is,
+and thus disturb the _equilibrium_ of the whole.
+
+This delicate condition of affairs regarding Turkey is known as the
+"Eastern Question." And it is considered so important because, more than
+any other, it threatens the "balance of power."
+
+Whether Russia, or England, or Germany would be richer after an upset in
+Turkey, no one can tell. But it is pretty certain that new maps would have
+to take the place of your old ones, with the familiar outlines of some of
+the European States much altered.
+
+So the Christian Powers have been for a century trying not to hear the
+cries of anguish and terror coming from the Ottoman Empire, because
+European diplomacy has decided that the only safe course is to let the
+"unspeakable Turk" stay where he is; and the Sultan, secure in his foul,
+crime-stained old Empire, which is tottering and crumbling under his feet,
+laughs softly, and rubs his hands in pleasant satisfaction, and the
+butchery goes on.
+
+But recently the cries from Armenia became so piercing, so heartrending,
+and so prolonged, that the Christian people in Europe would stand it no
+longer. They demanded that, come what would, the Powers _must_ put a stop
+to the wholesale slaughter of Armenian Christians.
+
+So the six Ambassadors of the six Great European States came together and
+gravely discussed what should be done.
+
+One of the ways of diplomacy is to act very slowly. This gives time for
+things to come right again of themselves, and also time for the people to
+cool down, and not disturb the game by foolish outbursts of sentiment.
+
+And another of the ways of diplomacy in this Eastern Question has been,
+with great show of indignation, to threaten the Sultan with destruction
+unless--he promises certain reforms for the future.
+
+This, of course, he is perfectly willing to do. He solemnly pledges
+protection to the Christians, and punishment to their persecutors, without
+the slightest intention of carrying out the promised reforms. Indeed, he
+knows that he could not do it even if he wanted to. And the Powers know it
+too, just as well as they know _they_ would not carry out their threat to
+destroy his rickety throne.
+
+But all this talk gives time, and two or three more years are thus gained
+for the Sultan and for the Powers, too; and in the mean time the people
+are pacified, because they think something is being done toward wiping
+out the great iniquity in the East.
+
+But as I said, the Ambassadors of the six Powers not long ago came
+together, and under instructions from their various governments talked
+over the Armenian atrocities. Just as they were cautiously and solemnly
+preparing their decision, or _ultimatum_, as it is called (which was the
+old threat to the Sultan if the Christians were not protected), something
+unexpected happened.
+
+It was not a part of the diplomatic game at all; and it was the act of an
+insignificant Kingdom, which had nothing whatever to say in the great
+European Concert.
+
+The name of this insignificant Kingdom is the most splendid and renowned
+in the history of the world.
+
+For two thousand years people in all other lands have been trying to do
+things as well as they did. But no such pictures, no such statues, no such
+architecture as theirs has ever been produced. No men have talked and
+thought as wisely upon great subjects. No poets have excelled theirs in
+grandeur. No women have been more perfect types of beauty and refinement;
+and no men more liberty-loving, grand, and heroic.
+
+Now, do you know the name of this people? They were the _Ancient Greeks_.
+And the brave little Kingdom which has just upset all the calculations of
+the Great Powers is _Modern Greece_.
+
+Since the days of her ancient splendor, poor Greece, shorn of all her
+glory, has been terribly humiliated.
+
+First, the Romans broke her power; then the Venetians tore her from the
+Romans; and then, worse than all, she became a slave to the Turk. For a
+Christian nation, that means all possible suffering. And for five hundred
+years she was scourged and insulted by her Mohammedan master.
+
+In the year 1820 the Greeks on the little peninsula resolved to be free,
+or to perish.
+
+Like Cuba, they struggled. For nine long years Europe looked calmly on.
+Then people began to wonder at the invincible spirit of these new Greeks,
+and finally the world rang with praises of their valor, and there was an
+outburst of popular sympathy. Men from England and other lands volunteered
+to help them in their splendid fight for liberty. And Lord Byron, the
+great English poet, laid down his life in their cause.
+
+At last the Great Powers began to think it would not be a bad thing to
+have a Christian race ruling the classic peninsula. And England, France,
+and Russia decided to help to put the little kingdom on its feet, and
+appointed its ruler.
+
+They first selected Prince Alfred, Victoria's second son. But this did not
+give satisfaction. Finally, Otho, son of the King of Bavaria, was chosen,
+and then elected by the people, first king of Greece.
+
+That was in 1835. In 1863, Otho was deposed, and a new king had to be
+found. The selection has proved to be a very wise one. King George was the
+son of Christian IX. of Denmark, and is therefore the brother of the
+Princess of Wales. During his reign of thirty-four years, Greece has
+steadily improved.
+
+But all of the Greek Christians were not freed by this heroic struggle.
+There still remained several millions of their race in Macedonia and other
+parts of the Ottoman Empire. These people have looked on enviously at the
+prosperity and freedom of their kinsmen in Greece, and are always planning
+and hoping for the time when they, too, may break the Turkish yoke.
+
+Twenty thousand of these Greeks live on the island of _Crete_, where they
+suffer unspeakably; not alone from the cruel oppression of Ottoman rule,
+but from the persecutions and daily conflicts with the Mohammedans who
+live with them on the island.
+
+If you will examine a map of Europe, you will see the Greek peninsula,
+looking as if it had been broken into fragments and half devoured by the
+sea. Just south of its ragged edge lies this little island of _Crete_, of
+which all the world is talking to-day.
+
+It looks as if one of the fragments of Greece had broken off and floated
+away a short distance, and was waiting for the tide to come some day and
+carry it back to its old home.
+
+And that is just what happened long, long ago; and it seems now as if the
+tide had set in, which is going to float it back to its old moorings by
+its motherland.
+
+The island of Crete originally belonged to Greece. It is one of the most
+classic spots in the world. For there, on and about Mount Ida, Jupiter,
+the great god of Greek mythology, is supposed to have spent his boy-hood.
+And Homer sung about this island, too. And he has described its _ninety
+cities_--which surprises us very much when we reflect that the island is a
+narrow strip of land only one hundred and fifty miles long; so that the
+ninety cities must have been set close together, like a string of beads!
+
+However this may be, it has just three towns now, which are making history
+for Europe in a very remarkable fashion; and are more talked about to-day
+than London, Paris, and St. Petersburg.
+
+Ever since the Greeks struggled into freedom, seventy-five years ago, and
+became an independent kingdom, it has been the dream of the Cretans to get
+back to their mother country. Recently their sufferings have been past
+endurance, and at last, in their helpless wretchedness, they cried out to
+Greece to come and take them under her protection. They said: "We are one
+with you in race and in religion. We speak your language; you are our
+natural rulers. Let us be a part of your Christian kingdom."
+
+With splendid daring and enthusiasm Greece responded to the appeal.
+
+King George sent men and arms and ships, and his brave young son Prince
+George as Admiral of the fleet, and declared his determination at all
+hazards to take the island under his protection. Not only would he fight
+the Turks in Crete or in Greece, but he would carry the war into the
+Ottoman Empire itself, if necessary.
+
+The Powers were aghast. Fight the Turk! Was that not the very thing they
+had for a century been trying _not_ to do? Disturb the Sultan in those
+dominions of which he was the only safe and harmless occupant! Tear away
+the barrier between Europe and Asia, and let the torrent rush through--the
+prizes going to the strongest! What madness--what folly! What impertinence
+for this King George to assume such a responsibility, and to invite such a
+crisis!
+
+But King George never wavered in his purpose. The Powers sent demands,
+and then threats, but all were met firmly by the reply, that _he should
+not withdraw his troops from Crete_.
+
+What made it more difficult and exasperating was that the people--the
+people, who are always giving their rulers so much trouble, and making it
+so hard for them--were wildly applauding King George and the Greeks for
+the firm stand they had taken, and saying that the old fire which burned
+at Marathon and Thermopylae had not been extinguished; that the modern
+Greeks were the worthy sons of a great race!
+
+In England, France, and Italy, public opinion has to be listened to, if
+their Governments would stand! When the Ambassadors and the Ministers of
+these three countries read the papers and the telegrams, they began to go
+very slowly and cautiously. But Germany and Russia, although bound, as I
+have already told you, by close family relationships to the King of
+Greece, were in hot indignation that he should have audaciously raised
+such a storm. He must be stopped at once in a course which might embroil
+Europe in a war with Turkey; and more than that, he must be punished.
+
+Then there were more conferences, which were more solemn than before:
+three of the Ministers (Salisbury, Hanotaux, and Rudini) not very sure
+that an indignant people might not even then be planning their overthrow;
+and the other three, with no such apprehension, urging extreme and severe
+measures against Greece.
+
+At last they thought they had found a safe compromise.
+
+They would demand that the Sultan should give up Crete, which should have
+its own government, or _autonomy_, as it is called, with a ruler whom
+they, the Powers, should select. Greece must go home with her troops and
+her ships, and have nothing hereafter to do with the fate of the island.
+
+This was considered a wise solution of the difficulty. It would satisfy
+public opinion in Europe, while at the same time it properly humiliated
+Greece, who would be rebuked before all the world.
+
+Again something unexpected happened. The stalwart, stubborn Cretans had
+their own views and preferences.
+
+They did not want autonomy at all. What they desired was _union with
+Greece_; and Greece declared her unaltered and unalterable determination
+to stand by the island at any cost, and to protect her from being coerced
+into a political condition she did not desire.
+
+One small, feeble nation dared to stand up and defy the combined power of
+Europe!
+
+There was indignation and amazement among the Powers, who after further
+consultation sent an ultimatum to Greece and to Turkey. They must both
+withdraw from the island of Crete within six days, or the combined fleets
+of six European States would compel them to do it.
+
+The polite Sultan, who never refuses demands, of course consented at once.
+
+But what do you think was the reply of the Prime Minister of Greece?
+
+They were brave words! He said: _"Greece would rather be wiped off the map
+of Europe than yield to the threat of the Powers!"_
+
+There were twenty thousand of her countrymen on the island, helpless,
+defenceless, among fierce and cruel Mohammedans. Greece had promised them
+protection. She would _not_ leave them to their fate!
+
+But in the mean time the storm clouds have been gathering in other parts
+of the sky. The people in England and France and Italy are asking very
+significantly whether their Governments are expecting them to fire upon a
+Christian army and the Cross, in defence of the rights of the Mohammedan
+Empire and the Crescent?
+
+In addition to this, another storm cloud seems to be forming over the
+Ottoman Empire itself. There are indications of a general uprising where
+Greek Christians abound.
+
+If the clouds over Turkey and those over Europe should unite--what then?
+The Powers could fight battalions; but could they stand before a whirlwind
+of popular sentiment?
+
+Macedonia has no doubt long cherished the hope of a reunion with Greece;
+and the other Graeco-Turkish provinces too. Perhaps they think the hour is
+at hand for realizing that hope!
+
+Nor is it strange if Greece also has been long hoping that when the
+Ottoman Empire did finally crumble--as it must--she might out of the wreck
+be able to bring together the long-separated fragments of her race.
+
+God grant there may be no conflict between Greece and Europe. But if it
+does come--and if a general overturning follows, as it might--it is not
+impossible that Greece may come out of it a new and greater kingdom, by a
+reunion of the scattered Hellenic (or Greek) peoples.
+
+It is not at all improbable that some such dream of Hellenic unity
+underlies the extraordinary drama we are witnessing in the East.
+
+Of course, it is wise to try and avert a great European war. And of
+course, diplomacy and tact are needed in dealing with such a delicate and
+complicated situation. But there are two opposing parties in England which
+hold different views as to the policy which should be pursued in this
+"Eastern Question."
+
+Mr. Gladstone, the great and sagacious statesman, has always insisted that
+whatever the result, _the Christians in Turkey should be protected by
+Christian Europe_; and that the British policy should be a straightforward
+and resolute dealing with the Sultan. That is, if promised reforms are not
+carried out in good faith by him, the Powers should fulfil their threats
+to destroy his authority in his Empire.
+
+About forty years ago the opposite policy was advocated (if not created)
+by another great leader and statesman, Lord Beaconsfield; and has ever
+since been the one pursued by Great Britain.
+
+Its main purpose is to keep the wicked old Ottoman Empire undisturbed, and
+to shield it from the indignation of Europe.
+
+Here and there the Sultan is compelled to loosen his grasp upon some
+exasperated and suffering province like Crete, which is set up as an
+_autonomous_ (or self-governing) principality (or kingdom), under a double
+protection from Turkey and Europe.
+
+This looks kind, and as if the Sultan was being severely dealt with and
+punished. But at the same time the knowledge of Turkish atrocities is
+being carefully suppressed; and harrowing stories of cruelties in Bulgaria
+a few years ago, and in Armenia to-day, are listened to with smiling
+incredulity; because it is inconvenient to take notice of these things
+while the situation in the East is critical.
+
+Some people think this is a very crooked and shuffling policy for the
+great British Empire to pursue. And others, that the Gladstone policy is
+sentimental and dangerous.
+
+Of course, the policy which has been for years adopted by England is
+controlled entirely by motives of _interest_, and has not one lofty
+purpose in it. But when there was talk of making war upon Greece in
+_defence of the rights of the Sultan_, the Government realized it had gone
+one step too far.
+
+The people would not, and _will_ not permit it. And we are rejoiced to
+know that the good and gracious Queen herself protests against such an
+act, and is deeply in sympathy with Greece and the Cretans.
+
+It looks now very much as if the much-talked-of Concert of Europe was
+about to break in two as cleanly as an orange. Russia, Germany, and
+Austria in one half; and England, France, and Italy in the other.
+
+The Emperor of Germany is very angry at the desertion of the other three
+States, and threatens dire and dreadful things.
+
+The young Czar of Russia, with his gentle eyes and delicate face, does not
+look capable of severity.
+
+But he is a Russian. And he has settled himself in the seat of his
+ancestors, evidently with a stern purpose of carrying out their despotic
+policy.
+
+Small matter is it that King George of Greece is his mother's brother.
+Small matter that the young Admiral of the Greek fleet is his cousin and
+loved companion, whose quick, strong arm and ready courage saved his life
+in Japan five years ago.
+
+He will not be swerved by personal influences from the course demanded by
+Russian interests.
+
+The Emperor of Austria has no family ties, no personal feelings to sway
+him; and he is the natural ally of despotic Russia and Germany.
+
+With these three men, lies the fate of Greece, Crete, and perhaps the
+"Eastern Question" to-day.
+
+Will they meet the other three States half-way, and effect a peaceful
+compromise? Or will they carry out the threat of the German Emperor, and,
+in the words of her own brave Prime Minister:
+
+_"Wipe Greece off the map of Europe"?_
+
+Now this is the story of the Greek and Cretan troubles of which every one
+is talking in Europe and in America.
+
+Some time it will be printed in grave-looking histories, and will perhaps
+seem very dry and dull to the young people who have to commit to memory
+the strange names of men and places, and perhaps, the dates of great
+battles fought!
+
+It is your privilege to read this thrilling story from day to day, as it
+unfolds.
+
+The European and Cuban despatches which your fathers and brothers eagerly
+read and talk about at breakfast every morning, are _history_. Not dried
+and pressed between the covers of a school-book, with all the life and
+spirit taken out of it; but history warm and palpitating with life;
+telling of things which happened yesterday, and are happening to-day, and
+which we all fear or else long for to-morrow.
+
+Every American with the blood of a patriot in his veins is longing to
+hear to-morrow that _Cuba_ is free, and that _Crete_ is safely restored to
+the arms of Greece. This will happily close two of the most thrilling
+chapters in the history of modern times.
+
+                                     MARY PLATT PARMELE.
+
+
+
+
+SUPPLEMENT TO:::
+
+=THE=
+
+=Great Round World=
+
+=AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT=
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+VOL. 1    MARCH 25, 1897.    NO. 20
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+JUNO.
+
+
+Juno was the cat. We all knew perfectly well that there never had been
+such a cat as Juno. Not that she was so fine-looking, or so expensive. She
+would never have taken a prize at a cat show, unless it might have been
+the booby prize. She was the very plainest kind of a brindled cat, and she
+wandered into our house from the street during her early kittenhood and
+calmly established herself in mother's work-basket.
+
+From that time on Juno had been the friend and playmate of the younger
+generation. She never seemed like an animal to any of us. Many a time I
+have heard Ned apologize for having unintentionally hurt Juno, with the
+exclamation:
+
+"Oh, excuse me, Juno, I didn't mean to do that!"
+
+After which Juno always purred softly, and showed that she had forgiven
+him.
+
+But the one thing that specially distinguished Juno from all the other
+cats that I ever knew, was her big-hearted motherhood. If Juno had been a
+woman, how many desolate orphans she would have cared for! She would have
+given them summer outings, no doubt, and would have filled their
+stockings brimful at Christmas time.
+
+Not being a woman, Juno did her best, nevertheless, to make the world a
+little easier for all the orphans she knew. What a heart must have beaten
+under that gray fur! Ned and I often talked of it, and were filled with
+regret that Juno could not understand our language so that we could talk
+to her and get her views on the subject.
+
+There was the time when she adopted the chicken, for instance. We knew
+Juno so well that we felt perfectly certain how she looked at those
+things, and so when the old yellow hen declined to acknowledge the little
+black chicken as hers, and pecked its head whenever it went near her, we
+took the helpless and disowned orphan and put it in Juno's bed, between
+the two kittens.
+
+"There, Juno," said Ned, by way of explanation to her look of
+astonishment, "there's a child that's been deserted by its unfeeling
+mother; I wish you'd look after it."
+
+And Juno took the chicken and held it with one paw while she licked it all
+over, though I am not sure that she liked the taste of the soft down that
+covered the little stranger. She kept the chicken all that night and every
+night afterwards until it considered itself big enough to go alone.
+
+How we used to laugh to see Juno walking about the yard with her
+foster-child chirping after her, or to see the chicken run to her and
+insist on being hovered!
+
+[Illustration]
+
+As time passed the adopted child became independent and needed no further
+guardianship, yet the friendliest relations existed between the two. Even
+after the chicken was grown and had chickens of her own they seldom met in
+their promenades about the place that Juno did not pause to rub her head
+affectionately against the neck of the orphan that she had brought up.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Juno was about a year older, I think, when there was a death in her
+family. The one little kitten that she loved with all her mother heart
+died and left her desolate. It was a very sad occasion, I remember, but we
+had a great funeral. We dug the grave at the end of the garden. Johnny's
+express wagon was the hearse, and Johnny drew it, and was very serious
+indeed. We borrowed Mrs. Martin's baby carriage, and that was the mourning
+coach. Juno rode in it, with Ned and Gimps walking one on each side and
+holding her in. I pushed the coach, while a long procession of the
+neighbors' children came behind, crying with all their might. We sung a
+hymn at the grave, and did everything we could to soothe Juno's grief.
+
+But Juno would not be reconciled. She drooped around and mewed so
+pitifully for several days that we could not endure it; so we went to a
+neighbor's cat that had more kittens than she needed, and borrowed one of
+them for Juno. Dear me, how proud she was of it, and how she took it in
+her arms and cuddled it up close to her! The whole family came out to look
+at her, and the Colonel said:
+
+"And this is only a cat! What great tenderness there should be in the
+human heart when a poor little animal can be like this!"
+
+And the next day Uncle Dick, who was a great favorite with all of us, rode
+up to the fence and shouted cheerily:
+
+"Hello, boys! Here is a present for you. I killed a mother fox at the
+mouth of her hole, and here is one of her babies."
+
+And he reached down into his pocket and drew out a baby fox about as large
+as an interrogation point, but the funniest and sharpest little thing you
+ever saw, though its eyes were not open yet.
+
+With one accord we shouted:
+
+"There's a baby for Juno!" and away we ran with it and laid it beside the
+new kitten.
+
+Juno arose and looked the little stranger over with evident anxiety. She
+seemed to be troubled with some haunting suspicion that this was not an
+orthodox cat. The bushy red tail was a special subject of curiosity. She
+touched it up with her paw and looked at it with her head on one side.
+
+For several dreadful minutes we were afraid that Juno was going to leave
+an orphan on our hands; but we did not know her, after all. In a few
+moments she reached the conclusion that the fox was probably a cat of some
+new and interesting kind, and she lay down again, purring softly, and took
+the little stranger to her heart.
+
+Such a pair as those two did make! We named the fox Flash, and he was the
+pride and the delight of the family. In a few days after his adoption Juno
+came to look on him as quite the most beautiful creature she had ever
+seen, and she showed a decided partiality for him. When she moved her
+family from the stable to mother's room, which she did systematically
+every morning, she always carried Flash in first and laid him on the rug
+with an air of pride impossible to describe.
+
+"No, no, Juno," mother would say, "he is very pretty, but I can't have him
+here."
+
+But Juno would run back after the kitten, and, having toiled upstairs with
+it, would lay it on the rug also and lie down beside it, as though she
+would say:
+
+"I'd like to see you move me now!"
+
+Within a month Flash could run everywhere, and he was the brightest, the
+sharpest, the merriest little fellow that ever kept a respectable cat in
+trouble with his escapades. That sharp nose of his was everywhere at once,
+it seemed to me, and those bright eyes were peering into every corner in
+search of mischief. He trotted about the house with a swaggering
+impudence, and went to bed in one of the Colonel's shoes if he liked, or
+played hide and seek in father's hat when he found it convenient.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+As for the life he led poor Juno, we often wondered why she did not turn
+grayer than ever, having to deal with this graceless young reprobate. If
+he found her trying to sleep a little, he would bite her ears and pull at
+her tail, bracing himself back on all four of his absurd little feet, and
+sometimes tumbling over in his excitement; and he rolled over her and
+growled and worried her until she must have been almost on the verge of
+insomnia! Yet she never boxed his ears once, much as he deserved it.
+
+As the kitten grew older and able to take part in the play, what romps the
+three used to have! How many times I have seen them rushing through the
+house in wild pursuit of one another, making as much noise as a drove of
+horses, mother said, with the fox in the lead, and the cats chasing him,
+and all the children running to look.
+
+But their favorite playground was in the yard, where the fountain was,
+with its big circular basin. Around and around this basin they flew, and
+Flash always gained on his pursuers until he came up with them, vaulted
+over them, and was in front again, slipping out of sight like a spirit. I
+suppose most animals enjoy themselves, but I am sure I never saw animals
+have a better time than Juno and those two children of hers.
+
+And the good times went on without diminution for many a day. Flash grew
+to be almost as large as his mother, but if he ever realized that he was
+not a cat we never knew it. He was as familiar in the house as though he
+owned it. When Ned and I were going to bed in the dark one night, and put
+out our hands to turn down the bedclothes, we touched something soft and
+furry, and we had both tumbled half-way down the stairs before we realized
+that Juno and Flash had gone to sleep in our bed.
+
+And all the time how Juno loved the fox! She scarcely ever came near him
+without stopping to rub her head against him affectionately, or to lick
+his sharp little ears. She never did grow indifferent to this child of the
+forest that she had raised as her own. Perhaps it would have been better
+if she had not cared so much.
+
+One day a strange dog slipped in at the gate while some one was passing
+out. The fox had never been hurt in his life, and he felt no fear of
+anything. He trotted up to the dog with his inquisitive nose in the air,
+and before any one could speak or move, the dog had seized him and was
+shaking the life out of him.
+
+I never shall forget how we ran from the sight of it, when the dog was
+beaten away. But when we stole back after a while, Juno was with Flash,
+and was licking his face and trying her best to help him. Even the
+Colonel could not bear to see her, but went away and shut himself up.
+
+As for poor Flash, his day was done, and the merry little heart was still.
+And a few hours later there was another grave at the foot of the garden.
+
+We tried very hard after that to make Juno forget her loss, but she would
+not forget. She missed the child that she had loved so tenderly, and broke
+away from our caresses to go mewing from room to room, or to sit by the
+fountain, filling the air with disconsolate wails. She would not touch the
+food we offered her, though we saved her the most tempting morsels.
+
+Of course this could not go on long. One night, a week after the death of
+Flash, Juno stretched herself out on the rug and died as quietly as
+though she had fallen to sleep; and we all cried as though our hearts
+would break.
+
+"And this is only a cat," said the Colonel. "Think what human grief must
+be when a mere animal could grieve like this!"
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 20, March 25, 1897, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND ***
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