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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Man Without a Country, by Edward E. Hale
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
-almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
-re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
-with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
-
-
-Title: The Man Without a Country
-
-Author: Edward E. Hale
-
-Release Date: August 8, 2005 [EBook #16493]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: ASCII
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MAN WITHOUT A COUNTRY ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Kurt A. T. Bodling, Pennsylvania, USA
-
-
-
-
-[Frontispiece caption:] "He cried out, in a fit of frenzy, 'Damn the
-United States! I wish I may never hear of the United States again!'"
-
-
-The Man Without A Country
-by
-Edward E. Hale
-Author of "In His Name," "Ten Times One," "How to Live," etc.
-
-Boston
-Little, Brown, and Company
-
-
-Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1863,
-By TICKNOR AND FIELDS,
-in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of
-Massachusetts.
-
-Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865,
-BY TICKNOR AND FIELDS,
-in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of
-Massachusetts.
-
-Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865,
-BY TICKNOR AND FIELDS,
-in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of
-Massachusetts.
-
-Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1868,
-BY TICKNOR AND FIELDS,
-in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of
-Massachusetts.
-
-Entered according to Act of Congress, in the your 1888,
-BY J. STILMAN SMITH & COMPANY
-in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.
-
-Copyright, 1891, 1897, 1900, 1904,
-BY EDWARD E. HALE.
-
-Copyright, 1898, 1905,
-BY LITTLE, BROWN, & COMPANY.
-
-_All rights reserved_.
-
-PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
-
-
-Introduction
-
-Love of country is a sentiment so universal that it is only on such rare
-occasions as called this book into being that there is any need of
-discussing it or justifying it. There is a perfectly absurd statement by
-Charles Kingsley, in the preface to one of his books, written fifty
-years ago, in which he says that, while there can be loyalty to a king
-or a queen, there cannot be loyalty to one's country.
-
-This story of Philip Nolan was written in the darkest period of the
-Civil War, to show what love of country is. There were persons then who
-thought that if their advice had been taken there need have been no
-Civil War. There were persons whose every-day pursuits were greatly
-deranged by the Civil War. It proved that the lesson was a lesson gladly
-received. I have had letters from seamen who read it as they were lying
-in our blockade squadrons off the mouths of Southern harbors. I have had
-letters from men who read it soon after the Vicksburg campaign. And in
-other ways I have had many illustrations of its having been of use in
-what I have a right to call the darkest period of the Republic.
-
-To-day we are not in the darkest period of the Republic.
-
-This nation never wishes to make war. Our whole policy is a policy of
-peace, and peace is the protection of the Christian civilization to
-which we are pledged. It is always desirable to teach young men and
-young women, and old men and old women, and all sorts of people, to
-understand what the country is. It is a Being. The LORD, God of nations,
-has called it into existence, and has placed it here with certain duties
-in defence of the civilization of the world.
-
-It was the intention of this parable, which describes the life of one
-man who tried to separate himself from his country, to show how terrible
-was his mistake.
-
-It does not need now that a man should curse the United States, as
-Philip Nolan did, or that he should say he hopes he may never hear her
-name again, to make it desirable for him to consider the lessons which
-are involved in the parable of his life. Any man is "without a country
-who, by his sneers, or by looking backward, or by revealing his
-country's secrets to her enemy, checks for one hour the movements which
-lead to peace among the nations of the world, or weakens the arm of the
-nation in her determination to secure justice between man and man, and
-in general to secure the larger life of her people." He has not damned
-the United States in a spoken oath.
-
-All the same he is a dastard child.
-
-There is a definite, visible Progress in the affairs of this world.
-Jesus Christ at the end of his life prayed to God that all men might
-become One, "As thou, Father, art in me, and I in thee, that they also
-may be one in us."
-
-The history of the world for eighteen hundred and seventy years since he
-spoke has shown the steady fulfilment of the hope expressed in this
-prayer.
-
-Men are nearer unity--they are nearer to being one--than they were then.
-
-Thus, at that moment each tribe in unknown America was at war with each
-other tribe. At this moment there is not one hostile weapon used by one
-American against another, from Cape Bathurst at the north to the
-southern point of Patagonia.
-
-At that moment Asia, Africa, and Europe were scenes of similar discord.
-Europe herself knows so little of herself that no man would pretend to
-say which Longbeards were cutting the throats of other Longbeards, or
-which Scots were lying in ambush for which Britons, in any year of the
-first century of our era.
-
-Call it the "Philosophy of History," or call it the "Providence of God,"
-it is certain that the unity of the race of man has asserted itself as
-the Saviour of mankind said it should.
-
-In this growing unity of mankind it has come about that the Sultan of
-Turkey cannot permit the massacre of Armenian Christians without
-answering for such permission before the world.
-
-It has come about that no viceroy, serving a woman, who is the guardian
-of a boy, can be permitted to starve at his pleasure two hundred
-thousand of God's children. The world is so closely united--that is to
-say, unity is so real--that when such a viceroy does undertake to commit
-such an iniquity, somebody shall hold his hands.
-
-The story of Philip Nolan was published in such a crisis that it met the
-public eye and interest. It met the taste of the patriotic public at the
-moment. It was copied everywhere without the slightest deference to
-copyright. It was, by the way, printed much more extensively in England
-than it was in America. Immediately there began to appear a series of
-speculations based on what you would have said was an unimportant error
-of mine. My hero is a purely imaginary character. The critics are right
-in saying that not only there never was such a man, but there never
-could have been such a man. But he had to have a name. And the choice of
-a name in a novel is a matter of essential importance, as it proved to
-be here.
-
-Now I had a hero who was a young man in 1807. He knew nothing at that
-time but the valley of the Mississippi River. "He had been educated on a
-plantation where the finest company was a Spanish officer, or a French
-merchant from Orleans." He must therefore have a name familiar to
-Western people at that time. Well, I remembered that in the preposterous
-memoirs of General James Wilkinson's, whenever he had a worse scrape
-than usual to explain, he would say that the papers were lost when Mr.
-Nolan was imprisoned or was killed in Texas. This Mr. Nolan, as
-Wilkinson generally calls him, had been engaged with Wilkinson in some
-speculations mostly relating to horses. Remembering this, I took the
-name Nolan for my hero. I made my man the real man's brother. "He had
-spent half his youth with an older brother, hunting horses in Texas."
-And again:--"he was catching wild horses in Texas with his adventurous
-cousin." [Note: Young authors may observe that he is called a brother in
-one place and a cousin in another, because such slips would take place
-in a real narrative. Proofreaders do not like them, but they give a
-plausibility to the story.] I had the impression that Wilkinson's
-partner was named Stephen, and as Philip and Stephen were both
-evangelists in the Bible, I named my man Philip Nolan, on the
-supposition that the mother who named one son Stephen would name another
-Philip. It was not for a year after, that, in looking at Wilkinson's
-"Memoirs" again, I found to my amazement, not to say my dismay, that
-Wilkinson's partner was named Philip Nolan. We had, therefore, two
-Philip Nolans, one a real historical character, who was murdered by the
-Spaniards on the 21st of March, 1801, at Waco in Texas; the other a
-purely imaginary character invented by myself, who appears for the first
-time on the 23d of September, 1807, at a court-martial at Fort Adams.
-
-I supposed nobody but myself in New England had ever heard of Philip
-Nolan. But in the Southwest, in Texas and Louisiana, it was but
-sixty-two years since the Spaniards murdered him. In truth, it was the
-death of Nolan, the real Philip Nolan, killed by one Spanish governor
-while he held the safe-conduct of another, which roused that wave of
-indignation in the Southwest which ended in the independence of Texas.
-I think the State of Texas would do well, to-day, if it placed the
-statue of the real Phil Nolan in the Capitol at Washington by the side
-of that of Sam Houston.
-
-In the midst of the war the story was published in the "Atlantic
-Monthly," of December, 1863. In the Southwest the "Atlantic" at once
-found its way into regions where the real Phil Nolan was known. A writer
-in the "New Orleans Picayune," in a careful historical paper, explained
-at length that I had been mistaken all the way through, that Philip
-Nolan never went to sea, but to Texas. I received a letter from a lady
-in Baltimore who told me that two widowed sisters of his lived in that
-neighborhood. Unfortunately for me, this letter, written in perfectly
-good faith, was signed E. F. M. Fachtz. I was receiving many letters on
-the subject daily. I supposed that my correspondent was concealing her
-name, and was really "Eager for More Facts." When in reality I had the
-pleasure of meeting her a year or two afterwards, the two widowed
-sisters of the real Phil Nolan were both dead.
-
-But in 1876 I was fortunate enough, on the kind invitation of Mr. Miner,
-to visit his family in their beautiful plantation at Terre Bonne. There
-I saw an old negro who was a boy when Master Phil Nolan left the old
-plantation on the Mississippi River for the last time. Master Phil Nolan
-had then married Miss Fanny Lintot, who was, I think, the aunt of my
-host. He permitted me to copy the miniature of the young adventurer.
-
-I have since done my best to repair the error by which I gave Philip
-Nolan's name to another person, by telling the story of his fate in a
-book called "Philip Nolan's Friends." For the purpose of that book, I
-studied the history of Miranda's attempt against Spain, and of John
-Adams's preparations for a descent of the Mississippi River. The
-professional historians of the United States are very reticent in their
-treatment of these themes. At the time when John Adams had a little army
-at Cincinnati, ready to go down and take New Orleans, there were no
-Western correspondents to the Eastern Press.
-
-Within a year after the publication of the "Man without a Country" in
-the "Atlantic" more than half a million copies of the story had been
-printed in America and in England. I had curious accounts from the army
-and navy, of the interest with which it was read by gentlemen on duty.
-One of our officers in the State of Mississippi lent the "Atlantic" to a
-lady in the Miner family. She ran into the parlor, crying out, "Here is
-a man who knows all about uncle Phil Nolan." An Ohio officer, who
-entered the city of Jackson, in Mississippi, with Grant, told me that he
-went at once to the State House. Matters were in a good deal of
-confusion there, and he picked up from the floor a paper containing the
-examination of _Philip Nolan_, at Walnut Springs, the old name of
-Vicksburg. This was before the real Philip's last expedition. The United
-States authorities, in the execution of the neutrality laws, had called
-him to account, and had made him show the evidence that he had the
-permission of the Governor of New Orleans for his expedition.
-
-In 1876 I visited Louisiana and Texas, to obtain material for "Philip
-Nolan's Friends." I obtained there several autographs of the real Phil
-Nolan,--and the original Spanish record of one of the trials of the
-survivors of his party,--a trial which resulted in the cruel execution
-of Ephraim Blackburn, seven years after he was arrested. That whole
-transaction, wholly ignored by all historians of the United States known
-to me, is a sad blot on the American administration of the Spanish
-kings. Their excuse is the confusion of everything in Madrid between
-1801 and 1807. The hatred of the Mexican authorities among our
-frontiersmen of the Southwest is largely due to the dishonor and cruelty
-of those transactions.
-
-EDWARD E. HALE.
-
-
-THE MAN WITHOUT A COUNTRY
-
-I [Note 1] suppose that very few casual readers of the "New York Herald"
-of August 13, 1863, observed, [Note 2] in an obscure corner, among the
-"Deaths," the announcement,--
-
-"NOLAN. Died, on board U. S. Corvette 'Levant,' [Note 3] Lat. 2° 11' S.,
-Long. 131° W., on the 11th of May, PHILIP NOLAN."
-
-I happened to observe it, because I was stranded at the old Mission
-House in Mackinaw, waiting for a Lake Superior steamer which did not
-choose to come, and I was devouring to the very stubble all the current
-literature I could get hold of, even down to the deaths and marriages in
-the "Herald." My memory for names and people is good, and the reader
-will see, as he goes on, that I had reason enough to remember Philip
-Nolan. There are hundreds of readers who would have paused at that
-announcement, if the officer of the "Levant" who reported it had chosen
-to make it thus: "Died, May 11, THE MAN WITHOUT A COUNTRY." For it was
-as "The Man without a Country" that poor Philip Nolan had generally been
-known by the officers who had him in charge during some fifty years, as,
-indeed, by all the men who sailed under them. I dare say there is many a
-man who has taken wine with him once a fortnight, in a three years'
-cruise, who never knew that his name was "Nolan," or whether the poor
-wretch had any name at all.
-
-There can now be no possible harm in telling this poor creature's story.
-Reason enough there has been till now, ever since Madison's [Note 4]
-administration went out in 1817, for very strict secrecy, the secrecy of
-honor itself, among the gentlemen of the navy who have had Nolan in
-successive charge. And certainly it speaks well for the _esprit de
-corps_ of the profession, and the personal honor of its members, that to
-the press this man's story has been wholly unknown,--and, I think, to
-the country at large also. I have reason to think, from some
-investigations I made in the Naval Archives when I was attached to the
-Bureau of Construction, that every official report relating to him was
-burned when Ross burned the public buildings at Washington. One of the
-Tuckers, or possibly one of the Watsons, had Nolan in charge at the end
-of the war; and when, on returning from his cruise, he reported at
-Washington to one of the Crowninshields,--who was in the Navy Department
-when he came home,--he found that the Department ignored the whole
-business. Whether they really knew nothing about it, or whether it was a
-"_Non mi ricordo_," determined on as a piece of policy, I do not know.
-But this I do know, that since 1817, and possibly before, no naval
-officer has mentioned Nolan in his report of a cruise.
-
-But, as I say, there is no need for secrecy any longer. And now the poor
-creature is dead, it seems to me worth while to tell a little of his
-story, by way of showing young Americans of to-day what it is to be A
-MAN WITHOUT A COUNTRY.
-
-PHILIP NOLAN was as fine a young officer as there was in the "Legion of
-the West," as the Western division of our army was then called. When
-Aaron Burr [Note 5] made his first dashing expedition down to New
-Orleans in 1805, at Fort Massac, or somewhere above on the river, he
-met, as the Devil would have it, this gay, dashing, bright young fellow;
-at some dinner-party, I think. Burr marked him, talked to him, walked
-with him, took him a day or two's voyage in his flat-boat, and, in
-short, fascinated him. For the next year, barrack-life was very tame to
-poor Nolan. He occasionally availed himself of the permission the great
-man had given him to write to him. Long, high-worded, stilted letters
-the poor boy wrote and rewrote and copied. But never a line did he have
-in reply from the gay deceiver. The other boys in the garrison sneered
-at him, because he lost the fun which they found in shooting or rowing
-while he was working away on these grand letters to his grand friend.
-They could not understand why Nolan kept by himself while they were
-playing high-low jack. Poker was not yet invented. But before long the
-young fellow had his revenge. For this time His Excellency, Honorable
-Aaron Burr, appeared again under a very different aspect. There were
-rumors that he had an army behind him and everybody supposed that he had
-an empire before him. At that time the youngsters all envied him. Burr
-had not been talking twenty minutes with the commander before he asked
-him to send for Lieutenant Nolan. Then after a little talk he asked
-Nolan if he could show him something of the great river and the plans
-for the new post. He asked Nolan to take him out in his skiff to show
-him a canebrake or a cotton-wood tree, as he said,--really to seduce
-him; and by the time the sail was over, Nolan was enlisted body and
-soul. From that time, though he did not yet know it, he lived as A MAN
-WITHOUT A COUNTRY.
-
-What Burr meant to do I know no more than you, dear reader. It is none
-of our business just now. Only, when the grand catastrophe came, and
-Jefferson and the House of Virginia of that day undertook to break on
-the wheel all the possible Clarences of the then House of York, by the
-great treason trial at Richmond, some of the lesser fry in that distant
-Mississippi Valley, which was farther from us than Puget's Sound is
-to-day, introduced the like novelty on their provincial stage; and, to
-while away the monotony of the summer at Fort Adams, got up, for
-spectacles, a string of court-martials on the officers there. One and
-another of the colonels and majors were tried, and, to fill out the
-list, little Nolan, against whom, Heaven knows, there was evidence
-enough,--that he was sick of the service, had been willing to be false
-to it, and would have obeyed any order to march any-whither with any one
-who would follow him had the order been signed, "By command of His Exc.
-A. Burr." The courts dragged on. The big flies escaped,--rightly for all
-I know. Nolan was proved guilty enough, as I say; yet you and I would
-never have heard of him, reader, but that, when the president of the
-court asked him at the close whether he wished to say anything to show
-that he had always been faithful to the United States, he cried out, in
-a fit of frenzy,--
-
-"Damn the United States! I wish I may never hear of the United States
-again!"
-
-I suppose he did not know how the words shocked old Colonel Morgan,
-[Note 6] who was holding the court. Half the officers who sat in it had
-served through the Revolution, and their lives, not to say their necks,
-had been risked for the very idea which he so cavalierly cursed in his
-madness. He, on his part, had grown up in the West of those days, in the
-midst of "Spanish plot," "Orleans plot," and all the rest. He had been
-educated on a plantation where the finest company was a Spanish officer
-or a French merchant from Orleans. His education, such as it was, had
-been perfected in commercial expeditions to Vera Cruz, and I think he
-told me his father once hired an Englishman to be a private tutor for a
-winter on the plantation. He had spent half his youth with an older
-brother, hunting horses in Texas; and, in a word, to him "United States"
-was scarcely a reality. Yet he had been fed by "United States" for all
-the years since he had been in the army. He had sworn on his faith as a
-Christian to be true to "United States." It was "United States" which
-gave him the uniform he wore, and the sword by his side. Nay, my poor
-Nolan, it was only because "United States" had picked you out first as
-one of her own confidential men of honor that "A. Burr" cared for you a
-straw more than for the flat boat men who sailed his ark for him. I do
-not excuse Nolan; I only explain to the reader why he damned his
-country, and wished he might never hear her name again.
-
-He never did hear her name but once again. From that moment, Sept. 23,
-1807, till the day he died, May 11, 1863, he never heard her name again.
-For that half-century and more he was a man without a country.
-
-Old Morgan, as I said, was terribly shocked. If Nolan had compared
-George Washington to Benedict Arnold, or had cried, "God save King
-George," Morgan would not have felt worse. He called the court into his
-private room, and returned in fifteen minutes, with a face like a sheet,
-to say,--
-
-"Prisoner, hear the sentence of the Court! The Court decides, subject to
-the approval of the President, that you never hear the name of the
-United States again."
-
-Nolan laughed. But nobody else laughed. Old Morgan was too solemn, and
-the whole room was hushed dead as night for a minute. Even Nolan lost
-his swagger in a moment. Then Morgan added,--
-
-"Mr. Marshal, take the prisoner to Orleans in an armed boat, and deliver
-him to the naval commander there."
-
-The marshal gave his orders and the prisoner was taken out of court.
-
-"Mr. Marshal," continued old Morgan, "see that no one mentions the
-United States to the prisoner. Mr. Marshal, make my respects to
-Lieutenant Mitchell at Orleans, and request him to order that no one
-shall mention the United States to the prisoner while he is on board
-ship. You will receive your written orders from the officer on duty here
-this evening. The Court is adjourned without day."
-
-I have always supposed that Colonel Morgan himself took the proceedings
-of the court to Washington city, and explained them to Mr. Jefferson.
-Certain it is that the President approved them,--certain, that is, if I
-may believe the men who say they have seen his signature. Before the
-"Nautilus" got round from New Orleans to the Northern Atlantic coast
-with the prisoner on board, the sentence had been approved, and he was a
-man without a country.
-
-The plan then adopted was substantially the same which was necessarily
-followed ever after. Perhaps it was suggested by the necessity of
-sending him by water from Fort Adams and Orleans. The Secretary of the
-Navy--it must have been the first Crowninshield, though he is a man I do
-not remember--was requested to put Nolan on board a government vessel
-bound on a long cruise, and to direct that he should be only so far
-confined there as to make it certain that he never saw or heard of the
-country. We had few long cruises then, and the navy was very much out of
-favor; and as almost all of this story is traditional, as I have
-explained, I do not know certainly what his first cruise was. But the
-commander to whom he was intrusted,--perhaps it was Tingey or Shaw,
-though I think it was one of the younger men,--we are all old enough
-now,---regulated the etiquette and the precautions of the affair, and
-according to his scheme they were carried out, I suppose, till Nolan
-died.
-
-When I was second officer of the "Intrepid," some thirty years after, I
-saw the original paper of instructions. I have been sorry ever since
-that I did not copy the whole of it. It ran, however, much in this way:--
-
-"WASHINGTON (with a date, which must have been late in 1807).
-
-"Sir,--You will receive from Lieutenant Neale the person of Philip
-Nolan, late a lieutenant in the United States army.
-
-"This person on his trial by court-martial expressed, with an oath, the
-wish that he might 'never hear of the United States again.'
-
-"The Court sentenced him to have his wish fulfilled.
-
-"For the present, the execution of the order is intrusted by the
-President to this Department.
-
-"You will take the prisoner on board your ship, and keep him there with
-such precautions as shall prevent his escape.
-
-"You will provide him with such quarters, rations, and clothing as would
-be proper for an officer of his late rank, if he were a passenger on
-your vessel on the business of his Government.
-
-"The gentlemen on board will make any arrangements agreeable to
-themselves regarding his society. He is to be exposed to no indignity of
-any kind, nor is he ever unnecessarily to be reminded that he is a
-prisoner.
-
-"But under no circumstances is he ever to hear of his country or to see
-any information regarding it; and you will especially caution all the
-officers under your command to take care, that, in the various
-indulgences which may be granted, this rule, in which his punishment is
-involved, shall not be broken.
-
-"It is the intention of the Government that he shall never again see the
-country which he has disowned. Before the end of your cruise you will
-receive orders which will give effect to this intention.
-
-"Respectfully yours,
-"W. SOUTHARD, for the
-"Secretary of the Navy"
-
-If I had only preserved the whole of this paper, there would be no break
-in the beginning of my sketch of this story. For Captain Shaw, if it
-were he, handed it to his successor in the charge, and he to his, and I
-suppose the commander of the "Levant" has it to-day as his authority for
-keeping this man in this mild custody.
-
-The rule adopted on board the ships on which I have met "the man without
-a country" was, I think, transmitted from the beginning. No mess liked
-to have him permanently, because his presence cut off all talk of home
-or of the prospect of return, of politics or letters, of peace or of
-war,--cut off more than half the talk men liked to have at sea. But it
-was always thought too hard that he should never meet the rest of us,
-except to touch hats, and we finally sank into one system. He was not
-permitted to talk with the men, unless an officer was by. With officers
-he had unrestrained intercourse, as far as they and he chose. But he
-grew shy, though he had favorites: I was one. Then the captain always
-asked him to dinner on Monday. Every mess in succession took up the
-invitation in its turn. According to the size of the ship, you had him
-at your mess more or less often at dinner. His breakfast he ate in his
-own state-room,--he always had a state-room--which was where a sentinel
-or somebody on the watch could see the door. And whatever else he ate or
-drank, he ate or drank alone. Sometimes, when the marines or sailors had
-any special jollification, they were permitted to invite
-"Plain-Buttons," as they called him. Then Nolan was sent with some
-officer, and the men were forbidden to speak of home while he was there.
-I believe the theory was that the sight of his punishment did them good.
-They called him "Plain-Buttons," because, while he always chose to wear
-a regulation army-uniform, he was not permitted to wear the army-button,
-for the reason that it bore either the initials or the insignia of the
-country he had disowned.
-
-I remember, soon after I joined the navy, I was on shore with some of
-the older officers from our ship and from the "Brandywine," which we had
-met at Alexandria. We had leave to make a party and go up to Cairo and
-the Pyramids. As we jogged along (you went on donkeys then), some of the
-gentlemen (we boys called them "Dons," but the phrase was long since
-changed) fell to talking about Nolan, and some one told the system which
-was adopted from the first about his books and other reading. As he was
-almost never permitted to go on shore, even though the vessel lay in
-port for months, his time at the best hung heavy; and everybody was
-permitted to lend him books, if they were not published in America and
-made no allusion to it. These were common enough in the old days, when
-people in the other hemisphere talked of the United States as little as
-we do of Paraguay. He had almost all the foreign papers that came into
-the ship, sooner or later; only somebody must go over them first, and
-cut out any advertisement or stray paragraph that alluded to America.
-This was a little cruel sometimes, when the back of what was cut out
-might be as innocent as Hesiod. Right in the midst of one of Napoleon's
-battles, or one of Canning's speeches, poor Nolan would find a great
-hole, because on the back of the page of that paper there had been an
-advertisement of a packet for New York, or a scrap from the President's
-message. I say this was the first time I ever heard of this plan, which
-afterwards I had enough and more than enough to do with. I remember it,
-because poor Phillips, who was of the party, as soon as the allusion to
-reading was made, told a story of something which happened at the Cape
-of Good Hope on Nolan's first voyage; and it is the only thing I ever
-knew of that voyage. They had touched at the Cape, and had done the
-civil thing with the English Admiral and the fleet, and then, leaving
-for a long cruise up the Indian Ocean, Phillips had borrowed a lot of
-English books from an officer, which, in those days, as indeed in these,
-was quite a windfall. Among them, as the Devil would order, was the "Lay
-of the Last Minstrel," [Note 7] which they had all of them heard of, but
-which most of them had never seen. I think it could not have been
-published long. Well, nobody thought there could be any risk of anything
-national in that, though Phillips swore old Shaw had cut out the
-"Tempest" from Shakespeare before he let Nolan have it, because he said
-"the Bermudas ought to be ours, and, by Jove, should be one day." So
-Nolan was permitted to join the circle one afternoon when a lot of them
-sat on deck smoking and reading aloud. People do not do such things so
-often now; but when I was young we got rid of a great deal of time so.
-Well, so it happened that in his turn Nolan took the book and read to
-the others; and he read very well, as I know. Nobody in the circle knew
-a line of the poem, only it was all magic and Border chivalry, and was
-ten thousand years ago. Poor Nolan read steadily through the fifth
-canto, stopped a minute and drank something, and then began, without a
-thought of what was coming,--
-
-     "Breathes there the man, with soul so dead,
-     Who never to himself hath said,"--
-
-It seems impossible to us that anybody ever heard this for the first
-time; but all these fellows did then, and poor Nolan himself went on,
-still unconsciously or mechanically,--
-
-     "This is my own, my native land!"
-
-Then they all saw that something was to pay; but he expected to get
-through, I suppose, turned a little pale, but plunged on,--
-
-     "Whose heart hath ne'er within him burned,
-     As home his footsteps he hath turned
-     From wandering on a foreign strand?--
-     If such there breathe, go, mark him well,"--
-
-By this time the men were all beside themselves, wishing there was any
-way to make him turn over two pages; but he had not quite presence of
-mind for that; he gagged a little, colored crimson, and staggered on,--
-
-     "For him no minstrel raptures swell;
-     High though his titles, proud his name,
-     Boundless his wealth as wish can claim,
-     Despite these titles, power, and pelf,
-     The wretch, concentred all in self,"--
-
-and here the poor fellow choked, could not go on, but started up, swung
-the book into the sea, vanished into his state-room, "And by Jove," said
-Phillips, "we did not see him for two months again. And I had to make up
-some beggarly story to that English surgeon why I did not return his
-Walter Scott to him."
-
-That story shows about the time when Nolan's braggadocio must have
-broken down. At first, they said, he took a very high tone, considered
-his imprisonment a mere farce, affected to enjoy the voyage, and all
-that; but Phillips said that after he came out of his state-room he
-never was the same man again. He never read aloud again, unless it was
-the Bible or Shakespeare, or something else he was sure of. But it was
-not that merely. He never entered in with the other young men exactly as
-a companion again. He was always shy afterwards, when I knew him,--very
-seldom spoke, unless he was spoken to, except to a very few friends. He
-lighted up occasionally,--I remember late in his life hearing him fairly
-eloquent on something which had been suggested to him by one of
-Fléchier's sermons,--but generally he had the nervous, tired look of a
-heart-wounded man.
-
-When Captain Shaw was coming home,--if, as I say, it was Shaw,--rather
-to the surprise of everybody they made one of the Windward Islands, and
-lay off and on for nearly a week. The boys said the officers were sick
-of salt-junk, and meant to have turtle-soup before they came home. But
-after several days the "Warren" came to the same rendezvous; they
-exchanged signals; she sent to Phillips and these homeward-bound men
-letters and papers, and told them she was outward-bound, perhaps to the
-Mediterranean, and took poor Nolan and his traps on the boat back to try
-his second cruise. He looked very blank when he was told to get ready to
-join her. He had known enough of the signs of the sky to know that till
-that moment he was going "home." But this was a distinct evidence of
-something he had not thought of, perhaps,--that there was no going home
-for him, even to a prison. And this was the first of some twenty such
-transfers, which brought him sooner or later into half our best vessels,
-but which kept him all his life at least some hundred miles from the
-country he had hoped he might never hear of again.
-
-It may have been on that second cruise,--it was once when he was up the
-Mediterranean,--that Mrs. Graff, the celebrated Southern beauty of those
-days, danced with him. They had been lying a long time in the Bay of
-Naples, and the officers were very intimate in the English fleet, and
-there had been great festivities, and our men thought they must give a
-great ball on board the ship. How they ever did it on board the "Warren"
-I am sure I do not know. Perhaps it was not the "Warren," or perhaps
-ladies did not take up so much room as they do now. They wanted to use
-Nolan's state-room for something, and they hated to do it without asking
-him to the ball; so the captain said they might ask him, if they would
-be responsible that he did not talk with the wrong people, "who would
-give him intelligence." So the dance went on, the finest party that had
-ever been known, I dare say; for I never heard of a man-of-war ball that
-was not. For ladies, they had the family of the American consul, one or
-two travellers who had adventured so far, and a nice bevy of English
-girls and matrons, perhaps Lady Hamilton herself.
-
-Well, different officers relieved each other in standing and talking
-with Nolan in a friendly way, so as to be sure that nobody else spoke to
-him. The dancing went on with spirit, and after a while even the fellows
-who took this honorary guard of Nolan ceased to fear any _contretemps_.
-Only when some English lady--Lady Hamilton, as I said, perhaps--called
-for a set of "American dances," an odd thing happened. Everybody then
-danced contra-dances. The black band, nothing loath, conferred as to
-what "American dances" were, and started off with "Virginia Reel," which
-they followed with "Money-Musk," which, in its turn in those days,
-should have been followed by "The Old Thirteen." But just as Dick, the
-leader, tapped for his fiddles to begin, and bent forward, about to say,
-in true negro state, "'The Old Thirteen,' gentlemen and ladies!" as he
-had said "'Virginny Reel,' if you please!" and "'Money-Musk,' if you
-please!" the captain's boy tapped him on the shoulder, whispered to him,
-and he did not announce the name of the dance; he merely bowed, began on
-the air, and they all fell to,--the officers teaching the English girls
-the figure, but not telling them why it had no name.
-
-But that is not the story I started to tell. As the dancing went on,
-Nolan and our fellows all got at ease, as I said,--so much so, that it
-seemed quite natural for him to bow to that splendid Mrs. Graff, and
-say,--
-
-"I hope you have not forgotten me, Miss Rutledge. Shall I have the honor
-of dancing?"
-
-He did it so quickly, that Fellows, who was with him, could not hinder
-him. She laughed and said,--
-
-"I am not Miss Rutledge any longer, Mr. Nolan; but I will dance all the
-same," just nodded to Fellows, as if to say he must leave Mr. Nolan to
-her, and led him off to the place where the dance was forming.
-
-Nolan thought he had got his chance. He had known her at Philadelphia,
-and at other places had met her, and this was a Godsend. You could not
-talk in contra-dances, as you do in cotillions, or even in the pauses of
-waltzing; but there were chances for tongues and sounds, as well as for
-eyes and blushes. He began with her travels, and Europe, and Vesuvius,
-and the French; and then, when they had worked down, and had that long
-talking time at the bottom of the set, he said boldly,--a little pale,
-she said, as she told me the story years after,--
-
-"And what do you hear from home, Mrs. Graff?"
-
-And that splendid creature looked through him. Jove! how she must have
-looked through him!
-
-"Home!! Mr. Nolan!!! I thought you were the man who never wanted to hear
-of home again!"--and she walked directly up the deck to her husband, and
-left poor Nolan alone, as he always was.--He did not dance again. I
-cannot give any history of him in order; nobody can now; and, indeed, I
-am not trying to.
-
-These are the traditions, which I sort out, as I believe them, from the
-myths which have been told about this man for forty years. The lies that
-have been told about him are legion. The fellows used to say he was the
-"Iron Mask;" and poor George Pons went to his grave in the belief that
-this was the author of "Junius," who was being punished for his
-celebrated libel on Thomas Jefferson. Pons was not very strong in the
-historical line.
-
-A happier story than either of these I have told is of the war. That
-came along soon after. I have heard this affair told in three or four
-ways,--and, indeed, it may have happened more than once. But which ship
-it was on I cannot tell. However, in one, at least, of the great
-frigate-duels with the English, in which the navy was really baptized,
-[Note 8] it happened that a round-shot from the enemy entered one of our
-ports square, and took right down the officer of the gun himself, and
-almost every man of the gun's crew. Now you may say what you choose
-about courage, but that is not a nice thing to see. But, as the men who
-were not killed picked themselves up, and as they and the surgeon's
-people were carrying off the bodies, there appeared Nolan, in his
-shirt-sleeves, with the rammer in his hand, and, just as if he had been
-the officer, told them off with authority,--who should go to the
-cock-pit with the wounded men, who should stay with him,--perfectly
-cheery, and with that way which makes men feel sure all is right and is
-going to be right. And he finished loading the gun with his own hands,
-aimed it, and bade the men fire. And there he stayed, captain of that
-gun, keeping those fellows in spirits, till the enemy struck,--sitting
-on the carriage while the gun was cooling, though he was exposed all the
-time,--showing them easier ways to handle heavy shot,--making the raw
-hands laugh at their own blunders,--and when the gun cooled again,
-getting it loaded and fired twice as often as any other gun on the ship.
-The captain walked forward by way of encouraging the men, and Nolan
-touched his hat and said,--
-
-"I am showing them how we do this in the artillery, sir."
-
-And this is the part of the story where all the legends agree; the
-commodore said,--
-
-"I see you do, and I thank you, sir; and I shall never forget this day,
-sir, and you never shall, sir."
-
-And after the whole thing was over, and he had the Englishman's sword,
-in the midst of the state and ceremony of the quarter-deck, he said,--
-
-"Where is Mr. Nolan? Ask Mr. Nolan to come here."
-
-And when Nolan came, he said,--
-
-"Mr. Nolan, we are all very grateful to you to-day; you are one of us
-to-day; you will be named in the despatches."
-
-And then the old man took off his own sword of ceremony, and gave it to
-Nolan, and made him put it on. The man told me this who saw it. Nolan
-cried like a baby, and well he might. He had not worn a sword since that
-infernal day at Fort Adams. But always afterwards on occasions of
-ceremony, he wore that quaint old French sword of the commodore's.
-
-The captain did mention him in the despatches. It was always said he
-asked that he might be pardoned. He wrote a special letter to the
-Secretary of War. But nothing ever came of it. As I said, that was about
-the time when they began to ignore the whole transaction at Washington,
-and when Nolan's imprisonment began to carry itself on because there was
-nobody to stop it without any new orders from home.
-
-I have heard it said that he was with Porter when he took possession of
-the Nukahiwa Islands. Not this Porter, you know, but old Porter, his
-father, Essex Porter,--that is, the old Essex Porter, not this Essex.
-[Note 9] As an artillery officer, who had seen service in the West,
-Nolan knew more about fortifications, embrasures, ravelins, stockades,
-and all that, than any of them did; and he worked with a right good-will
-in fixing that battery all right. I have always thought it was a pity
-Porter did not leave him in command there with Gamble. That would have
-settled all the question about his punishment. We should have kept the
-islands, and at this moment we should have one station in the Pacific
-Ocean. Our French friends, too, when they wanted this little
-watering-place, would have found it was preoccupied. But Madison and the
-Virginians, of course, flung all that away.
-
-All that was near fifty years ago. If Nolan was thirty then, he must
-have been near eighty when he died. He looked sixty when he was forty.
-But he never seemed to me to change a hair afterwards. As I imagine his
-life, from what I have seen and heard of it, he must have been in every
-sea, and yet almost never on land. He must have known, in a formal way,
-more officers in our service than any man living knows. He told me once,
-with a grave smile, that no man in the world lived so methodical a life
-as he. "You know the boys say I am the Iron Mask, and you know how busy
-he was." He said it did not do for any one to try to read all the time,
-more than to do anything else all the time; and that he used to read
-just five hours a day. "Then," he said, "I keep up my notebooks, writing
-in them at such and such hours from what I have been reading; and I
-include in these my scrap-books." These were very curious indeed. He had
-six or eight, of different subjects. There was one of History, one of
-Natural Science, one which he called "Odds and Ends." But they were not
-merely books of extracts from newspapers. They had bits of plants and
-ribbons, shells tied on, and carved scraps of bone and wood, which he
-had taught the men to cut for him, and they were beautifully
-illustrated. He drew admirably. He had some of the funniest drawings
-there, and some of the most pathetic, that I have ever seen in my life.
-I wonder who will have Nolan's scrapbooks.
-
-Well, he said his reading and his notes were his profession, and that
-they took five hours and two hours respectively of each day. "Then,"
-said he, "every man should have a diversion as well as a profession. My
-Natural History is my diversion." That took two hours a day more. The
-men used to bring him birds and fish, but on a long cruise he had to
-satisfy himself with centipedes and cockroaches and such small game. He
-was the only naturalist I ever met who knew anything about the habits of
-the house-fly and the mosquito. All those people can tell you whether
-they are _Lepidoptera_ or _Steptopotera_; but as for telling how you can
-get rid of them, or how they get away from you when you strike them,
---why Linnaeus knew as little of that as John Foy the idiot did. These
-nine hours made Nolan's regular daily "occupation." The rest of the time
-he talked or walked. Till he grew very old, he went aloft a great deal.
-He always kept up his exercise; and I never heard that he was ill. If
-any other man was ill, he was the kindest nurse in the world; and he
-knew more than half the surgeons do. Then if anybody was sick or died,
-or if the captain wanted him to, on any other occasion, he was always
-ready to read prayers. I have said that he read beautifully.
-
-My own acquaintance with Philip Nolan began six or eight years after the
-English war, on my first voyage after I was appointed a midshipman. It
-was in the first days after our Slave-Trade treaty, while the Reigning
-House, which was still the House of Virginia, had still a sort of
-sentimentalism about the suppression of the horrors of the Middle
-Passage, and something was sometimes done that way. We were in the South
-Atlantic on that business. From the time I joined, I believe I thought
-Nolan was a sort of lay chaplain,--a chaplain with a blue coat. I never
-asked about him. Everything in the ship was strange to me. I knew it was
-green to ask questions, and I suppose I thought there was a
-"Plain-Buttons" on every ship. We had him to dine in our mess once a
-week, and the caution was given that on that day nothing was to be said
-about home. But if they had told us not to say anything about the planet
-Mars or the Book of Deuteronomy, I should not have asked why; there were
-a great many things which seemed to me to have as little reason. I first
-came to understand anything about "the man without a country" one day
-when we overhauled a dirty little schooner which had slaves on board. An
-officer was sent to take charge of her, and, after a few minutes, he
-sent back his boat to ask that some one might be sent him who could
-speak Portuguese. We were all looking over the rail when the message
-came, and we all wished we could interpret, when the captain asked who
-spoke Portuguese. But none of the officers did; and just as the captain
-was sending forward to ask if any of the people could, Nolan stepped out
-and said he should be glad to interpret, if the captain wished, as he
-understood the language. The captain thanked him, fitted out another
-boat with him, and in this boat it was my luck to go.
-
-When we got there, it was such a scene as you seldom see, and never want
-to. Nastiness beyond account, and chaos run loose in the midst of the
-nastiness. There were not a great many of the negroes; but by way of
-making what there were understand that they were free, Vaughan had had
-their handcuffs and ankle-cuffs knocked off, and, for convenience' sake,
-was putting them upon the rascals of the schooner's crew. The negroes
-were, most of them, out of the hold, and swarming all round the dirty
-deck, with a central throng surrounding Vaughan and addressing him in
-every dialect, and patois of a dialect, from the Zulu click up to the
-Parisian of Beledeljereed. [Note 10]
-
-As we came on deck, Vaughan looked down from a hogshead, on which he had
-mounted in desperation, and said:--
-
-"For God's love, is there anybody who can make these wretches understand
-something? The men gave them rum, and that did not quiet them. I knocked
-that big fellow down twice, and that did not soothe him. And then I
-talked Choctaw to all of them together; and I'll be hanged if they
-understood that as well as they understood the English."
-
-Nolan said he could speak Portuguese, and one or two fine-looking
-Kroomen were dragged out, who, as it had been found already, had worked
-for the Portuguese on the coast at Fernando Po.
-
-"Tell them they are free," said Vaughan; "and tell them that these
-rascals are to be hanged as soon as we can get rope enough."
-
-Nolan "put that into Spanish,"--that is, he explained it in such
-Portuguese as the Kroomen could understand, and they in turn to such of
-the negroes as could understand them. Then there was such a yell of
-delight, clinching of fists, leaping and dancing, kissing of Nolan's
-feet, and a general rush made to the hogshead by way of spontaneous
-worship of Vaughan, as the _deus ex machina_ of the occasion.
-
-"Tell them," said Vaughan, well pleased, "that I will take them all to
-Cape Palmas."
-
-This did not answer so well. Cape Palmas was practically as far from the
-homes of most of them as New Orleans or Rio Janeiro was; that is, they
-would be eternally separated from home there. And their interpreters, as
-we could understand, instantly said, "_Ah, non Palmas_," and began to
-propose infinite other expedients in most voluble language. Vaughan was
-rather disappointed at this result of his liberality, and asked Nolan
-eagerly what they said. The drops stood on poor Nolan's white forehead,
-as he hushed the men down, and said:--
-
-"He says, 'Not Palmas.' He says, 'Take us home, take us to our own
-country, take us to our own house, take us to our own pickaninnies and
-our own women.' He says he has an old father and mother who will die if
-they do not see him. And this one says he left his people all sick, and
-paddled down to Fernando to beg the white doctor to come and help them,
-and that these devils caught him in the bay just in sight of home, and
-that he has never seen anybody from home since then. And this one says,"
-choked out Nolan, "that he has not heard a word from his home in six
-months, while he has been locked up in an infernal barracoon."
-
-Vaughan always said he grew gray himself while Nolan struggled through
-this interpretation: I, who did not understand anything of the passion
-involved in it, saw that the very elements were melting with fervent
-heat, and that something was to pay somewhere. Even the negroes
-themselves stopped howling, as they saw Nolan's agony, and Vaughan's
-almost equal agony of sympathy. As quick as he could get words, he
-said:--
-
-"Tell them yes, yes, yes; tell them they shall go to the Mountains of
-the Moon, if they will. If I sail the schooner through the Great White
-Desert, they shall go home!"
-
-And after some fashion Nolan said so. And then they all fell to kissing
-him again, and wanted to rub his nose with theirs.
-
-But he could not stand it long; and getting Vaughan to say he might go
-back, he beckoned me down into our boat. As we lay back in the
-stern-sheets and the men gave way, he said to me: "Youngster, let that
-show you what it is to be without a family, without a home, and without
-a country. And if you are ever tempted to say a word, or to do a thing
-that shall put a bar between you and your family, your home, and your
-country, pray God in His mercy to take you that instant home to His own
-heaven. Stick by your family, boy; forget you have a self, while you do
-everything for them. Think of your home, boy; write and send, and talk
-about it. Let it be nearer and nearer to your thought, the farther you
-have to travel from it; and rush back to it when you are free, as that
-poor black slave is doing now. And for your country, boy," and the words
-rattled in his throat, "--and for that flag," and he pointed to the ship,
-"never dream a dream but of serving her as she bids you, though the
-service carry you through a thousand hells. No matter what happens to
-you, no matter who flatters you or who abuses you, never look at another
-flag, never let a night pass but you pray God to bless that flag.
-Remember, boy, that behind all these men you have to do with, behind
-officers, and government, and people even, there is the Country Herself,
-your Country, and that you belong to Her as you belong to your own
-mother. Stand by Her, boy, as you would stand by your mother, if those
-devils there had got hold of her to-day!"
-
-I was frightened to death by his calm, hard passion; but I blundered out
-that I would, by all that was holy, and that I had never thought of
-doing anything else. He hardly seemed to hear me; but he did, almost in
-a whisper, say: "O, if anybody had said so to me when I was of your
-age!"
-
-I think it was this half-confidence of his, which I never abused, for I
-never told this story till now, which afterward made us great friends.
-He was very kind to me. Often he sat up, or even got up, at night, to
-walk the deck with me, when it was my watch. He explained to me a great
-deal of my mathematics, and I owe to him my taste for mathematics. He
-lent me books, and helped me about my reading. He never alluded so
-directly to his story again; but from one and another officer I have
-learned, in thirty years, what I am telling. When we parted from him in
-St. Thomas harbor, at the end of our cruise, I was more sorry than I can
-tell. I was very glad to meet him again in 1830; and later in life, when
-I thought I had some influence in Washington, I moved heaven and earth
-to have him discharged. But it was like getting a ghost out of prison.
-They pretended there was no such man, and never was such a man. They
-will say so at the Department now! Perhaps they do not know. It will not
-be the first thing in the service of which the Department appears to
-know nothing!
-
-There is a story that Nolan met Burr once on one of our vessels, when a
-party of Americans came on board in the Mediterranean. But this I
-believe to be a lie; or, rather, it is a myth, _ben trovato_, involving
-a tremendous blowing-up with which he sunk Burr,--asking him how he
-liked to be "without a country." But it is clear from Burr's life, that
-nothing of the sort could have happened; and I mention this only as an
-illustration of the stories which get a-going where there is the least
-mystery at bottom.
-
-Philip Nolan, poor fellow, repented of his folly, and then, like a man,
-submitted to the fate he had asked for. He never intentionally added to
-the difficulty or delicacy of the charge of those who had him in hold.
-Accidents would happen; but never from his fault. Lieutenant Truxton
-told me that, when Texas was annexed, there was a careful discussion
-among the officers, whether they should get hold of Nolan's handsome set
-of maps and cut Texas out of it,--from the map of the world and the map
-of Mexico. The United States had been cut out when the atlas was bought
-for him. But it was voted, rightly enough, that to do this would be
-virtually to reveal to him what had happened, or, as Harry Cole said, to
-make him think Old Burr had succeeded. So it was from no fault of
-Nolan's that a great botch happened at my own table, when, for a short
-time, I was in command of the George Washington corvette, on the South
-American station. We were lying in the La Plata, and some of the
-officers, who had been on shore and had just joined again, were
-entertaining us with accounts of their misadventures in riding the
-half-wild horses of Buenos Ayres. Nolan was at table, and was in an
-unusually bright and talkative mood. Some story of a tumble reminded him
-of an adventure of his own when he was catching wild horses in Texas
-with his adventurous cousin, at a time when he mast have been quite a
-boy. He told the story with a good deal of spirit,--so much so, that the
-silence which often follows a good story hung over the table for an
-instant, to be broken by Nolan himself. For he asked perfectly
-unconsciously.--
-
-"Pray, what has become of Texas? After the Mexicans got their
-independence, I thought that province of Texas would come forward very
-fast. It is really one of the finest regions on earth; it is the Italy
-of this continent. But I have not seen or heard a word of Texas for near
-twenty years."
-
-There were two Texan officers at the table. The reason he had never
-heard of Texas was that Texas and her affairs had been painfully cut out
-of his newspapers since Austin began his settlements; so that, while he
-read of Honduras and Tamaulipas, and, till quite lately, of California,
---this virgin province, in which his brother had travelled so far, and,
-I believe, had died, had ceased to be to him. Waters and Williams, the
-two Texas men, looked grimly at each other and tried not to laugh.
-Edward Morris had his attention attracted by the third link in the chain
-of the captain's chandelier. Watrous was seized with a convulsion of
-sneezing. Nolan himself saw that something was to pay, he did not know
-what. And I, as master of the feast, had to say,--
-
-"Texas is out of the map, Mr. Nolan. Have you seen Captain Back's
-curious account of Sir Thomas Roe's Welcome?"
-
-After that cruise I never saw Nolan again. I wrote to him at least twice
-a year, for in that voyage we became even confidentially intimate; but
-he never wrote to me. The other men tell me that in those fifteen years
-he aged very fast, as well he might indeed, but that he was still the
-same gentle, uncomplaining, silent sufferer that he ever was, bearing as
-best he could his self-appointed punishment,--rather less social,
-perhaps, with new men whom he did not know, but more anxious,
-apparently, than ever to serve and befriend and teach the boys, some of
-whom fairly seemed to worship him. And now it seems the dear old fellow
-is dead. He has found a home at last, and a country.
-
-Since writing this, and while considering whether or no I would print
-it, as a warning to the young Nolans and Vallandighams and Tatnalls of
-to-day of what it is to throw away a country, I have received from
-Danforth, who is on board the "Levant," a letter which gives an account
-of Nolan's last hours. It removes all my doubts about telling this
-story. The reader will understand Danforth's letter, or the beginning of
-it, if he will remember that after ten years of Nolan's exile every one
-who had him in charge was in a very delicate position. The government
-had failed to renew the order of 1807 regarding him. What was a man to
-do? Should he let him go? What, then, if he were called to account by
-the Department for violating the order of 1807? Should he keep him?
-What, then, if Nolan should be liberated some day, and should bring an
-action for false imprisonment or kidnapping against every man who had
-had him in charge? I urged and pressed this upon Southard, and I have
-reason to think that other officers did the same thing. But the
-Secretary always said, as they so often do at Washington, that there
-were no special orders to give, and that we must act on our own
-judgment. That means, "If you succeed, you will be sustained; if you
-fail, you will be disavowed." Well, as Danforth says, all that is over
-now, though I do not know but I expose myself to a criminal prosecution
-on the evidence of the very revelation I am making.
-
-Here is the letter:--
-
-LEVANT, 2° 2' S. @ 131° W.
-
-"DEAR FRED:--I try to find heart and life to tell you that it is all
-over with dear old Nolan. I have been with him on this voyage more than
-I ever was, and I can understand wholly now the way in which you used
-to speak of the dear old fellow. I could see that he was not strong, but
-I had no idea the end was so near. The doctor has been watching him very
-carefully, and yesterday morning came to me and told me that Nolan was
-not so well, and had not left his state-room,--a thing I never remember
-before. He had let the doctor come and see him as he lay there,--the
-first time the doctor had been in the state-room,--and he said he should
-like to see me. Oh, dear! do you remember the mysteries we boys used to
-invent about his room in the old 'Intrepid' days? Well, I went in, and
-there, to be sure, the poor fellow lay in his berth, smiling pleasantly
-as he gave me his hand, but looking very frail. I could not help a
-glance round, which showed me what a little shrine he had made of the
-box he was lying in. The stars and stripes were triced up above and
-around a picture of Washington, and he had painted a majestic eagle,
-with lightnings blazing from his beak and his foot just clasping the
-whole globe, which his wings overshadowed. The dear old boy saw my
-glance, and said, with a sad smile, 'Here, you see, I have a country!'
-And then he pointed to the foot of his bed, where I had not seen before
-a great map of the United States, as he had drawn it from memory, and
-which he had there to look upon as he lay. Quaint, queer old names were
-on it, in large letters: 'Indiana Territory,' 'Mississippi Territory,'
-and 'Louisiana Territory,' as I suppose our fathers learned such things:
-but the old fellow had patched in Texas, too; he had carried his western
-boundary all the way to the Pacific, but on that shore he had defined
-nothing.
-
-"'O Captain,' he said, 'I know I am dying. I cannot get home. Surely you
-will tell me something now?--Stop! stop! Do not speak till I say what I
-am sure you know, that there is not in this ship, that there is not in
-America,--God bless her!--a more loyal man than I. There cannot be a man
-who loves the old flag as I do, or prays for it as I do, or hopes for it
-as I do. There are thirty-four stars in it now, Danforth. I thank God
-for that, though I do not know what their names are. There has never
-been one taken away: I thank God for that. I know by that that there has
-never been any successful Burr, O Danforth, Danforth,' he sighed out,
-'how like a wretched night's dream a boy's idea of personal fame or of
-separate sovereignty seems, when one looks back on it after such a life
-as mine! But tell me,--tell me something,--tell me everything, Danforth,
-before I die!'
-
-"Ingham, I swear to you that I felt like a monster that I had not told
-him everything before. Danger or no danger, delicacy or no delicacy, who
-was I, that I should have been acting the tyrant all this time over this
-dear, sainted old man, who had years ago expiated, in his whole
-manhood's life, the madness of a boys treason? 'Mr. Nolan,' said I, 'I
-will tell you everything you ask about. Only, where shall I begin?'
-
-"Oh, the blessed smile that crept over his white face! and he pressed my
-hand and said, 'God bless you! 'Tell me their names,' he said, and he
-pointed to the stars on the flag. 'The last I know is Ohio. My father
-lived in Kentucky. But I have guessed Michigan and Indiana and
-Mississippi,--that was where Fort Adams is,--they make twenty. But where
-are your other fourteen? You have not cut up any of the old ones, I
-hope?'
-
-"Well, that was not a bad text, and I told him the names in as good
-order as I could, and he bade me take down his beautiful map and draw
-them in as I best could with my pencil. He was wild with delight about
-Texas, told me how his cousin died there; he had marked a gold cross
-near where he supposed his grave was; and he had guessed at Texas. Then
-he was delighted as he saw California and Oregon;--that, he said, he had
-suspected partly, because he had never been permitted to land on that
-shore, though the ships were there so much. 'And the men,' said he,
-laughing, 'brought off a good deal besides furs.' Then he went back
---heavens, how far!--to ask about the Chesapeake, and what was done to
-Barron for surrendering her to the Leopard, [Note 11] and whether Burr
-ever tried again,--and he ground his teeth with the only passion he
-showed. But in a moment that was over, and he said, 'God forgive me, for
-I am sure I forgive him.' Then he asked about the old war,--told me the
-true story of his serving the gun the day we took the Java,--asked about
-dear old David Porter, as he called him. Then he settled down more
-quietly, and very happily, to hear me tell in an hour the history of
-fifty years.
-
-"How I wished it had been somebody who knew something! But I did as well
-as I could. I told him of the English war. I told him about Fulton and
-the steamboat beginning. I told him about old Scott, and Jackson; told
-him all I could think of about the Mississippi, and New Orleans, and
-Texas, and his own old Kentucky. And do you think, he asked who was in
-command of the 'Legion of the West.' I told him it was a very gallant
-officer named Grant and that, by our last news, he was about to
-establish his head-quarters at Vicksburg. Then, 'Where was Vicksburg?' I
-worked that out on the map; it was about a hundred miles, more or less,
-above his old Fort Adams; and I thought Fort Adams must be a ruin now.
-'It must be at old Vick's plantation, at Walnut Hills,' said he: 'well,
-that is a change!'
-
-"I tell you, Ingham, it was a hard thing to condense the history of half
-a century into that talk with a sick man. And I do not now know what I
-told him,--of emigration, and the means of it,--of steamboats, and
-railroads, and telegraphs,--of inventions, and books, and literature,
---of the colleges, and West Point, and the Naval School,--but with the
-queerest interruptions that ever you heard. You see it was Robinson
-Crusoe asking all the accumulated questions of fifty-six years!
-
-"I remember he asked, all of a sudden, who was President now; and when I
-told him, he asked if Old Abe was General Benjamin Lincoln's son. He
-said he met old General Lincoln, when he was quite a boy himself, at
-some Indian treaty. I said no, that Old Abe was a Kentuckian like
-himself, but I could not tell him of what family; he had worked up from
-the ranks. 'Good for him!' cried Nolan; 'I am glad of that. As I have
-brooded and wondered, I have thought our danger was in keeping up those
-regular successions in the first families.' Then I got talking about my
-visit to Washington. I told him of meeting the Oregon Congressman,
-Harding; I told him about the Smithsonian, and the Exploring Expedition;
-I told him about the Capitol, and the statues for the pediment, and
-Crawford's Liberty, and Greenough's Washington: Ingham, I told him
-everything I could think of that would show the grandeur of his country
-and its prosperity; but I could not make up my mouth to tell him a word
-about this infernal rebellion!
-
-"And he drank it in and enjoyed it as I cannot tell you. He grew more
-and more silent, yet I never thought he was tired or faint. I gave him a
-glass of water, but he just wet his lips, and told me not to go away.
-Then he asked me to bring the Presbyterian 'Book of Public Prayer' which
-lay there, and said, with a smile, that it would open at the right
-place,--and so it did. There was his double red mark down the page; and
-I knelt down and read, and he repeated with me, 'For ourselves and our
-country, O gracious God, we thank These, that, notwithstanding our
-manifold transgressions of Thy holy laws, Thou hast continued to us Thy
-marvellous kindness,'--and so to the end of that thanksgiving. Then he
-turned to the end of the same book, and I read the words more familiar
-to me: 'Most heartily we beseech Thee with Thy favor to behold and bless
-Thy servant, the President of the United States, and all others in
-authority,'--and the rest of the Episcopal collect. 'Danforth,' said he,
-'I have repeated those prayers night and morning, it is now fifty-five
-years.' And then he said he would go to sleep. He bent me down over him
-and kissed me; and he said, 'Look in my Bible, Captain, when I am gone.'
-And I went away.
-
-"But I had no thought it was the end: I thought he was tired and would
-sleep. I knew he was happy, and I wanted him to be alone.
-
-"But in an hour, when the doctor went in gently, he found Nolan had
-breathed his life away with a smile. He had something pressed close to
-his lips. It was his father's badge of the Order of the Cincinnati.
-
-"We looked in his Bible, and there was a slip of paper at the place
-where he had marked the text.--
-
-"'They desire a country, even a heavenly: wherefore God is not ashamed
-to be called their God: for He hath prepared for them a city.'
-
-"On this slip of paper he had written:
-
-"'Bury me in the sea; it has been my home, and I love it. But will not
-some one set up a stone for my memory [Note 12] at Fort Adams or at
-Orleans, that my disgrace may not be more than I ought to bear? Say on
-it:
-
-"'_In Memory of_
-
-"'PHILIP NOLAN,
-
-"'_Lieutenant in the Army of the United States_.
-
-"'He loved his country as no other man has
-loved her; but no man deserved less
-at her hands.'"
-
-
-Notes
-
-[Note 1:] - Frederic Ingham, the "I" of the narrative, is supposed to be
-a retired officer of the United States Navy.
-
-[Note 2:] - "_Few readers . . . observed_." In truth, no one observed
-it, because there was no such announcement there. The author has,
-however, met more than one person who assured him that they had seen
-this notice. So fallible is the human memory!
-
-[Note 3:] - _The "Levant_." The " Levant " was a corvette in the
-American navy, which sailed on her last voyage, with despatches for an
-American officer in Central America, from the port of Honolulu in 1860.
-She has never been heard of since, but one of her spars drifted ashore
-on one of the Hawaiian islands. I took her name intentionally, knowing
-that she was lost. As it happened, when this story was published, only
-two American editors recollected that the "Levant" no longer existed. We
-learn from the last despatch of Captain Hunt that he intended to take a
-northern course heading eastward toward the coast of California rather
-than southward toward the Equator. At the instance of Mr. James D.
-Hague, who was on board the "Levant" to bid Captain Hunt good bye on the
-day when she sailed from Hilo, a search has been made in the summer of
-1904 for any reef or islands in that undiscovered region upon which she
-may have been wrecked. But no satisfactory results have been obtained.
-
-[Note 4:] - _Madison_. James Madison was President from March 4, 1809,
-to March 4, 1817. Personally he did not wish to make war with England,
-but the leaders of the younger men of the Democratic party--Mr. Clay,
-Mr. Calhoun, and others--pressed him against his will to declare war in
-1812. The war was ended by the Treaty of Peace at Ghent in the year
-1814. It is generally called "The Short War." There were many reasons
-for the war. The most exasperating was the impressment of American
-seamen to serve in the English navy. In the American State Department
-there were records of 6,257 such men, whose friends had protested to the
-American government. It is believed that more than twenty thousand
-Americans were held, at one time or another, in such service. For those
-who need to study this subject, I recommend Spears's "History of our
-Navy," in four volumes. It is dedicated "to those who would seek Peace
-and Pursue it."
-
-[Note 5:] - Aaron Burr had been an officer in the American Revolution.
-He was Vice-President from 1801 to 1805, in the first term of
-Jefferson's administration. In July, 1804, in a duel, Burr killed
-Alexander Hamilton, a celebrated leader of the Federal party. From this
-duel may be dated the indignation which followed him through the next
-years of his life. In 1805, after his Vice-Presidency, he made a voyage
-down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, to study the new acquisition of
-Louisiana. That name was then given to all the country west of the
-Mississippi as far as the Rocky Mountains. The next year he organized a
-military expedition, probably with the plan, vaguely conceived, of
-taking Texas from Spain. He was, however, betrayed and arrested by
-General Wilkinson,--then in command of the United States army,--with
-whom Burr had had intimate relations. He was tried for treason at
-Richmond but acquitted.
-
-[Note 6:] - Colonel Morgan is a fictitious character, like all the
-others in this book, except Aaron Burr.
-
-[Note 7:] - The "Lay of the Last Minstrel" is one of the best poems of
-Walter Scott. It was first published in 1805.
-
-The whole passage referred to in the text is this:--
-
-   Breathes there the man, with soul so dead,
-   Who never to himself hath said,
-      This is my own, my native land!
-   Whose heart hath ne'er within him burn'd,
-   As home his footsteps he hath turn'd
-      From wandering on a foreign strand?
-   If such there breathe, go, mark him well!
-   For him no minstrel raptures swell;
-   High though his titles, proud his name,
-   Boundless his wealth as wish can claim,
-   Despite those titles, power, and pelf,
-   The wretch, concentred all in self,
-   Living, shall forfeit fair renown,
-   And, doubly dying, shall go down
-   To the vile dust, from whence he sprung,
-   Unwept, unhonour'd, and unsung.
-
-   O Caledonia! stern and wild,
-   Meet nurse for a poetic child!
-   Land of brown heath and shaggy wood;
-   Land of the mountain and the flood.
-
-[Note 8:] - "_Frigate-duels with the English, in which the navy was
-really baptized_." Several great sea fights in this short war gave to
-the Navy of the United States its reputation. Indeed, they charged the
-navies of all the world. The first of these great battles is the fight
-of the "Constitution" and "Guerrière," August 19, 1812.
-
-[Note 9:] - The frigate "Essex," under Porter, took the Marquesas
-Islands, in the Pacific, in 1813. Captain Porter was father of the
-more celebrated Admiral Porter, who commanded the United States naval
-forces in the Gulf of Mexico in 1863, when this story was written.
-
-[Note 10:] - _Beledeljereed_. An Arab name. Beled el jerid means "The
-Land of Dates." As a name it has disappeared from the books of
-geography. But one hundred years ago it was given to the southern part
-of the Algeria of to-day, and somewhat vaguely to other parts of the
-ancient Numidia. It will be found spelled Biledelgerid. To use this
-word now is somewhat like speaking of the Liliput of Gulliver.
-
-[Note 11:] Page 40.-The English cruisers on the American coast, in the
-great war between England and Napoleon, claimed the right to search
-American merchantmen and men of war, to find, if they could, deserters
-from the English navy. This was their way of showing their contempt for
-the United States. In 1807 the "Chesapeake," a frigate of the United
-States, was met by the "Leopard," an English frigate. She was not
-prepared for fighting, and Barron, her commander, struck his flag. This
-is the unfortunate vessel which surrendered to the "Shannon" on June
-3, 1813.
-
-[Note 12:] - No one has erected this monument. Its proper place would
-be on the ruins of Fort Adams. That fort has been much worn away by the
-Mississippi River.
-
-
-
-
-
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