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diff --git a/old/16493.txt b/old/16493.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 2a5af4f..0000000 --- a/old/16493.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1704 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Man Without a Country, by Edward E. Hale - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: The Man Without a Country - -Author: Edward E. Hale - -Release Date: August 8, 2005 [EBook #16493] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MAN WITHOUT A COUNTRY *** - - - - -Produced by Kurt A. T. Bodling, Pennsylvania, USA - - - - -[Frontispiece caption:] "He cried out, in a fit of frenzy, 'Damn the -United States! I wish I may never hear of the United States again!'" - - -The Man Without A Country -by -Edward E. Hale -Author of "In His Name," "Ten Times One," "How to Live," etc. - -Boston -Little, Brown, and Company - - -Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1863, -By TICKNOR AND FIELDS, -in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of -Massachusetts. - -Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, -BY TICKNOR AND FIELDS, -in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of -Massachusetts. - -Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, -BY TICKNOR AND FIELDS, -in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of -Massachusetts. - -Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1868, -BY TICKNOR AND FIELDS, -in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of -Massachusetts. - -Entered according to Act of Congress, in the your 1888, -BY J. STILMAN SMITH & COMPANY -in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. - -Copyright, 1891, 1897, 1900, 1904, -BY EDWARD E. HALE. - -Copyright, 1898, 1905, -BY LITTLE, BROWN, & COMPANY. - -_All rights reserved_. - -PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA - - -Introduction - -Love of country is a sentiment so universal that it is only on such rare -occasions as called this book into being that there is any need of -discussing it or justifying it. There is a perfectly absurd statement by -Charles Kingsley, in the preface to one of his books, written fifty -years ago, in which he says that, while there can be loyalty to a king -or a queen, there cannot be loyalty to one's country. - -This story of Philip Nolan was written in the darkest period of the -Civil War, to show what love of country is. There were persons then who -thought that if their advice had been taken there need have been no -Civil War. There were persons whose every-day pursuits were greatly -deranged by the Civil War. It proved that the lesson was a lesson gladly -received. I have had letters from seamen who read it as they were lying -in our blockade squadrons off the mouths of Southern harbors. I have had -letters from men who read it soon after the Vicksburg campaign. And in -other ways I have had many illustrations of its having been of use in -what I have a right to call the darkest period of the Republic. - -To-day we are not in the darkest period of the Republic. - -This nation never wishes to make war. Our whole policy is a policy of -peace, and peace is the protection of the Christian civilization to -which we are pledged. It is always desirable to teach young men and -young women, and old men and old women, and all sorts of people, to -understand what the country is. It is a Being. The LORD, God of nations, -has called it into existence, and has placed it here with certain duties -in defence of the civilization of the world. - -It was the intention of this parable, which describes the life of one -man who tried to separate himself from his country, to show how terrible -was his mistake. - -It does not need now that a man should curse the United States, as -Philip Nolan did, or that he should say he hopes he may never hear her -name again, to make it desirable for him to consider the lessons which -are involved in the parable of his life. Any man is "without a country -who, by his sneers, or by looking backward, or by revealing his -country's secrets to her enemy, checks for one hour the movements which -lead to peace among the nations of the world, or weakens the arm of the -nation in her determination to secure justice between man and man, and -in general to secure the larger life of her people." He has not damned -the United States in a spoken oath. - -All the same he is a dastard child. - -There is a definite, visible Progress in the affairs of this world. -Jesus Christ at the end of his life prayed to God that all men might -become One, "As thou, Father, art in me, and I in thee, that they also -may be one in us." - -The history of the world for eighteen hundred and seventy years since he -spoke has shown the steady fulfilment of the hope expressed in this -prayer. - -Men are nearer unity--they are nearer to being one--than they were then. - -Thus, at that moment each tribe in unknown America was at war with each -other tribe. At this moment there is not one hostile weapon used by one -American against another, from Cape Bathurst at the north to the -southern point of Patagonia. - -At that moment Asia, Africa, and Europe were scenes of similar discord. -Europe herself knows so little of herself that no man would pretend to -say which Longbeards were cutting the throats of other Longbeards, or -which Scots were lying in ambush for which Britons, in any year of the -first century of our era. - -Call it the "Philosophy of History," or call it the "Providence of God," -it is certain that the unity of the race of man has asserted itself as -the Saviour of mankind said it should. - -In this growing unity of mankind it has come about that the Sultan of -Turkey cannot permit the massacre of Armenian Christians without -answering for such permission before the world. - -It has come about that no viceroy, serving a woman, who is the guardian -of a boy, can be permitted to starve at his pleasure two hundred -thousand of God's children. The world is so closely united--that is to -say, unity is so real--that when such a viceroy does undertake to commit -such an iniquity, somebody shall hold his hands. - -The story of Philip Nolan was published in such a crisis that it met the -public eye and interest. It met the taste of the patriotic public at the -moment. It was copied everywhere without the slightest deference to -copyright. It was, by the way, printed much more extensively in England -than it was in America. Immediately there began to appear a series of -speculations based on what you would have said was an unimportant error -of mine. My hero is a purely imaginary character. The critics are right -in saying that not only there never was such a man, but there never -could have been such a man. But he had to have a name. And the choice of -a name in a novel is a matter of essential importance, as it proved to -be here. - -Now I had a hero who was a young man in 1807. He knew nothing at that -time but the valley of the Mississippi River. "He had been educated on a -plantation where the finest company was a Spanish officer, or a French -merchant from Orleans." He must therefore have a name familiar to -Western people at that time. Well, I remembered that in the preposterous -memoirs of General James Wilkinson's, whenever he had a worse scrape -than usual to explain, he would say that the papers were lost when Mr. -Nolan was imprisoned or was killed in Texas. This Mr. Nolan, as -Wilkinson generally calls him, had been engaged with Wilkinson in some -speculations mostly relating to horses. Remembering this, I took the -name Nolan for my hero. I made my man the real man's brother. "He had -spent half his youth with an older brother, hunting horses in Texas." -And again:--"he was catching wild horses in Texas with his adventurous -cousin." [Note: Young authors may observe that he is called a brother in -one place and a cousin in another, because such slips would take place -in a real narrative. Proofreaders do not like them, but they give a -plausibility to the story.] I had the impression that Wilkinson's -partner was named Stephen, and as Philip and Stephen were both -evangelists in the Bible, I named my man Philip Nolan, on the -supposition that the mother who named one son Stephen would name another -Philip. It was not for a year after, that, in looking at Wilkinson's -"Memoirs" again, I found to my amazement, not to say my dismay, that -Wilkinson's partner was named Philip Nolan. We had, therefore, two -Philip Nolans, one a real historical character, who was murdered by the -Spaniards on the 21st of March, 1801, at Waco in Texas; the other a -purely imaginary character invented by myself, who appears for the first -time on the 23d of September, 1807, at a court-martial at Fort Adams. - -I supposed nobody but myself in New England had ever heard of Philip -Nolan. But in the Southwest, in Texas and Louisiana, it was but -sixty-two years since the Spaniards murdered him. In truth, it was the -death of Nolan, the real Philip Nolan, killed by one Spanish governor -while he held the safe-conduct of another, which roused that wave of -indignation in the Southwest which ended in the independence of Texas. -I think the State of Texas would do well, to-day, if it placed the -statue of the real Phil Nolan in the Capitol at Washington by the side -of that of Sam Houston. - -In the midst of the war the story was published in the "Atlantic -Monthly," of December, 1863. In the Southwest the "Atlantic" at once -found its way into regions where the real Phil Nolan was known. A writer -in the "New Orleans Picayune," in a careful historical paper, explained -at length that I had been mistaken all the way through, that Philip -Nolan never went to sea, but to Texas. I received a letter from a lady -in Baltimore who told me that two widowed sisters of his lived in that -neighborhood. Unfortunately for me, this letter, written in perfectly -good faith, was signed E. F. M. Fachtz. I was receiving many letters on -the subject daily. I supposed that my correspondent was concealing her -name, and was really "Eager for More Facts." When in reality I had the -pleasure of meeting her a year or two afterwards, the two widowed -sisters of the real Phil Nolan were both dead. - -But in 1876 I was fortunate enough, on the kind invitation of Mr. Miner, -to visit his family in their beautiful plantation at Terre Bonne. There -I saw an old negro who was a boy when Master Phil Nolan left the old -plantation on the Mississippi River for the last time. Master Phil Nolan -had then married Miss Fanny Lintot, who was, I think, the aunt of my -host. He permitted me to copy the miniature of the young adventurer. - -I have since done my best to repair the error by which I gave Philip -Nolan's name to another person, by telling the story of his fate in a -book called "Philip Nolan's Friends." For the purpose of that book, I -studied the history of Miranda's attempt against Spain, and of John -Adams's preparations for a descent of the Mississippi River. The -professional historians of the United States are very reticent in their -treatment of these themes. At the time when John Adams had a little army -at Cincinnati, ready to go down and take New Orleans, there were no -Western correspondents to the Eastern Press. - -Within a year after the publication of the "Man without a Country" in -the "Atlantic" more than half a million copies of the story had been -printed in America and in England. I had curious accounts from the army -and navy, of the interest with which it was read by gentlemen on duty. -One of our officers in the State of Mississippi lent the "Atlantic" to a -lady in the Miner family. She ran into the parlor, crying out, "Here is -a man who knows all about uncle Phil Nolan." An Ohio officer, who -entered the city of Jackson, in Mississippi, with Grant, told me that he -went at once to the State House. Matters were in a good deal of -confusion there, and he picked up from the floor a paper containing the -examination of _Philip Nolan_, at Walnut Springs, the old name of -Vicksburg. This was before the real Philip's last expedition. The United -States authorities, in the execution of the neutrality laws, had called -him to account, and had made him show the evidence that he had the -permission of the Governor of New Orleans for his expedition. - -In 1876 I visited Louisiana and Texas, to obtain material for "Philip -Nolan's Friends." I obtained there several autographs of the real Phil -Nolan,--and the original Spanish record of one of the trials of the -survivors of his party,--a trial which resulted in the cruel execution -of Ephraim Blackburn, seven years after he was arrested. That whole -transaction, wholly ignored by all historians of the United States known -to me, is a sad blot on the American administration of the Spanish -kings. Their excuse is the confusion of everything in Madrid between -1801 and 1807. The hatred of the Mexican authorities among our -frontiersmen of the Southwest is largely due to the dishonor and cruelty -of those transactions. - -EDWARD E. HALE. - - -THE MAN WITHOUT A COUNTRY - -I [Note 1] suppose that very few casual readers of the "New York Herald" -of August 13, 1863, observed, [Note 2] in an obscure corner, among the -"Deaths," the announcement,-- - -"NOLAN. Died, on board U. S. Corvette 'Levant,' [Note 3] Lat. 2° 11' S., -Long. 131° W., on the 11th of May, PHILIP NOLAN." - -I happened to observe it, because I was stranded at the old Mission -House in Mackinaw, waiting for a Lake Superior steamer which did not -choose to come, and I was devouring to the very stubble all the current -literature I could get hold of, even down to the deaths and marriages in -the "Herald." My memory for names and people is good, and the reader -will see, as he goes on, that I had reason enough to remember Philip -Nolan. There are hundreds of readers who would have paused at that -announcement, if the officer of the "Levant" who reported it had chosen -to make it thus: "Died, May 11, THE MAN WITHOUT A COUNTRY." For it was -as "The Man without a Country" that poor Philip Nolan had generally been -known by the officers who had him in charge during some fifty years, as, -indeed, by all the men who sailed under them. I dare say there is many a -man who has taken wine with him once a fortnight, in a three years' -cruise, who never knew that his name was "Nolan," or whether the poor -wretch had any name at all. - -There can now be no possible harm in telling this poor creature's story. -Reason enough there has been till now, ever since Madison's [Note 4] -administration went out in 1817, for very strict secrecy, the secrecy of -honor itself, among the gentlemen of the navy who have had Nolan in -successive charge. And certainly it speaks well for the _esprit de -corps_ of the profession, and the personal honor of its members, that to -the press this man's story has been wholly unknown,--and, I think, to -the country at large also. I have reason to think, from some -investigations I made in the Naval Archives when I was attached to the -Bureau of Construction, that every official report relating to him was -burned when Ross burned the public buildings at Washington. One of the -Tuckers, or possibly one of the Watsons, had Nolan in charge at the end -of the war; and when, on returning from his cruise, he reported at -Washington to one of the Crowninshields,--who was in the Navy Department -when he came home,--he found that the Department ignored the whole -business. Whether they really knew nothing about it, or whether it was a -"_Non mi ricordo_," determined on as a piece of policy, I do not know. -But this I do know, that since 1817, and possibly before, no naval -officer has mentioned Nolan in his report of a cruise. - -But, as I say, there is no need for secrecy any longer. And now the poor -creature is dead, it seems to me worth while to tell a little of his -story, by way of showing young Americans of to-day what it is to be A -MAN WITHOUT A COUNTRY. - -PHILIP NOLAN was as fine a young officer as there was in the "Legion of -the West," as the Western division of our army was then called. When -Aaron Burr [Note 5] made his first dashing expedition down to New -Orleans in 1805, at Fort Massac, or somewhere above on the river, he -met, as the Devil would have it, this gay, dashing, bright young fellow; -at some dinner-party, I think. Burr marked him, talked to him, walked -with him, took him a day or two's voyage in his flat-boat, and, in -short, fascinated him. For the next year, barrack-life was very tame to -poor Nolan. He occasionally availed himself of the permission the great -man had given him to write to him. Long, high-worded, stilted letters -the poor boy wrote and rewrote and copied. But never a line did he have -in reply from the gay deceiver. The other boys in the garrison sneered -at him, because he lost the fun which they found in shooting or rowing -while he was working away on these grand letters to his grand friend. -They could not understand why Nolan kept by himself while they were -playing high-low jack. Poker was not yet invented. But before long the -young fellow had his revenge. For this time His Excellency, Honorable -Aaron Burr, appeared again under a very different aspect. There were -rumors that he had an army behind him and everybody supposed that he had -an empire before him. At that time the youngsters all envied him. Burr -had not been talking twenty minutes with the commander before he asked -him to send for Lieutenant Nolan. Then after a little talk he asked -Nolan if he could show him something of the great river and the plans -for the new post. He asked Nolan to take him out in his skiff to show -him a canebrake or a cotton-wood tree, as he said,--really to seduce -him; and by the time the sail was over, Nolan was enlisted body and -soul. From that time, though he did not yet know it, he lived as A MAN -WITHOUT A COUNTRY. - -What Burr meant to do I know no more than you, dear reader. It is none -of our business just now. Only, when the grand catastrophe came, and -Jefferson and the House of Virginia of that day undertook to break on -the wheel all the possible Clarences of the then House of York, by the -great treason trial at Richmond, some of the lesser fry in that distant -Mississippi Valley, which was farther from us than Puget's Sound is -to-day, introduced the like novelty on their provincial stage; and, to -while away the monotony of the summer at Fort Adams, got up, for -spectacles, a string of court-martials on the officers there. One and -another of the colonels and majors were tried, and, to fill out the -list, little Nolan, against whom, Heaven knows, there was evidence -enough,--that he was sick of the service, had been willing to be false -to it, and would have obeyed any order to march any-whither with any one -who would follow him had the order been signed, "By command of His Exc. -A. Burr." The courts dragged on. The big flies escaped,--rightly for all -I know. Nolan was proved guilty enough, as I say; yet you and I would -never have heard of him, reader, but that, when the president of the -court asked him at the close whether he wished to say anything to show -that he had always been faithful to the United States, he cried out, in -a fit of frenzy,-- - -"Damn the United States! I wish I may never hear of the United States -again!" - -I suppose he did not know how the words shocked old Colonel Morgan, -[Note 6] who was holding the court. Half the officers who sat in it had -served through the Revolution, and their lives, not to say their necks, -had been risked for the very idea which he so cavalierly cursed in his -madness. He, on his part, had grown up in the West of those days, in the -midst of "Spanish plot," "Orleans plot," and all the rest. He had been -educated on a plantation where the finest company was a Spanish officer -or a French merchant from Orleans. His education, such as it was, had -been perfected in commercial expeditions to Vera Cruz, and I think he -told me his father once hired an Englishman to be a private tutor for a -winter on the plantation. He had spent half his youth with an older -brother, hunting horses in Texas; and, in a word, to him "United States" -was scarcely a reality. Yet he had been fed by "United States" for all -the years since he had been in the army. He had sworn on his faith as a -Christian to be true to "United States." It was "United States" which -gave him the uniform he wore, and the sword by his side. Nay, my poor -Nolan, it was only because "United States" had picked you out first as -one of her own confidential men of honor that "A. Burr" cared for you a -straw more than for the flat boat men who sailed his ark for him. I do -not excuse Nolan; I only explain to the reader why he damned his -country, and wished he might never hear her name again. - -He never did hear her name but once again. From that moment, Sept. 23, -1807, till the day he died, May 11, 1863, he never heard her name again. -For that half-century and more he was a man without a country. - -Old Morgan, as I said, was terribly shocked. If Nolan had compared -George Washington to Benedict Arnold, or had cried, "God save King -George," Morgan would not have felt worse. He called the court into his -private room, and returned in fifteen minutes, with a face like a sheet, -to say,-- - -"Prisoner, hear the sentence of the Court! The Court decides, subject to -the approval of the President, that you never hear the name of the -United States again." - -Nolan laughed. But nobody else laughed. Old Morgan was too solemn, and -the whole room was hushed dead as night for a minute. Even Nolan lost -his swagger in a moment. Then Morgan added,-- - -"Mr. Marshal, take the prisoner to Orleans in an armed boat, and deliver -him to the naval commander there." - -The marshal gave his orders and the prisoner was taken out of court. - -"Mr. Marshal," continued old Morgan, "see that no one mentions the -United States to the prisoner. Mr. Marshal, make my respects to -Lieutenant Mitchell at Orleans, and request him to order that no one -shall mention the United States to the prisoner while he is on board -ship. You will receive your written orders from the officer on duty here -this evening. The Court is adjourned without day." - -I have always supposed that Colonel Morgan himself took the proceedings -of the court to Washington city, and explained them to Mr. Jefferson. -Certain it is that the President approved them,--certain, that is, if I -may believe the men who say they have seen his signature. Before the -"Nautilus" got round from New Orleans to the Northern Atlantic coast -with the prisoner on board, the sentence had been approved, and he was a -man without a country. - -The plan then adopted was substantially the same which was necessarily -followed ever after. Perhaps it was suggested by the necessity of -sending him by water from Fort Adams and Orleans. The Secretary of the -Navy--it must have been the first Crowninshield, though he is a man I do -not remember--was requested to put Nolan on board a government vessel -bound on a long cruise, and to direct that he should be only so far -confined there as to make it certain that he never saw or heard of the -country. We had few long cruises then, and the navy was very much out of -favor; and as almost all of this story is traditional, as I have -explained, I do not know certainly what his first cruise was. But the -commander to whom he was intrusted,--perhaps it was Tingey or Shaw, -though I think it was one of the younger men,--we are all old enough -now,---regulated the etiquette and the precautions of the affair, and -according to his scheme they were carried out, I suppose, till Nolan -died. - -When I was second officer of the "Intrepid," some thirty years after, I -saw the original paper of instructions. I have been sorry ever since -that I did not copy the whole of it. It ran, however, much in this way:-- - -"WASHINGTON (with a date, which must have been late in 1807). - -"Sir,--You will receive from Lieutenant Neale the person of Philip -Nolan, late a lieutenant in the United States army. - -"This person on his trial by court-martial expressed, with an oath, the -wish that he might 'never hear of the United States again.' - -"The Court sentenced him to have his wish fulfilled. - -"For the present, the execution of the order is intrusted by the -President to this Department. - -"You will take the prisoner on board your ship, and keep him there with -such precautions as shall prevent his escape. - -"You will provide him with such quarters, rations, and clothing as would -be proper for an officer of his late rank, if he were a passenger on -your vessel on the business of his Government. - -"The gentlemen on board will make any arrangements agreeable to -themselves regarding his society. He is to be exposed to no indignity of -any kind, nor is he ever unnecessarily to be reminded that he is a -prisoner. - -"But under no circumstances is he ever to hear of his country or to see -any information regarding it; and you will especially caution all the -officers under your command to take care, that, in the various -indulgences which may be granted, this rule, in which his punishment is -involved, shall not be broken. - -"It is the intention of the Government that he shall never again see the -country which he has disowned. Before the end of your cruise you will -receive orders which will give effect to this intention. - -"Respectfully yours, -"W. SOUTHARD, for the -"Secretary of the Navy" - -If I had only preserved the whole of this paper, there would be no break -in the beginning of my sketch of this story. For Captain Shaw, if it -were he, handed it to his successor in the charge, and he to his, and I -suppose the commander of the "Levant" has it to-day as his authority for -keeping this man in this mild custody. - -The rule adopted on board the ships on which I have met "the man without -a country" was, I think, transmitted from the beginning. No mess liked -to have him permanently, because his presence cut off all talk of home -or of the prospect of return, of politics or letters, of peace or of -war,--cut off more than half the talk men liked to have at sea. But it -was always thought too hard that he should never meet the rest of us, -except to touch hats, and we finally sank into one system. He was not -permitted to talk with the men, unless an officer was by. With officers -he had unrestrained intercourse, as far as they and he chose. But he -grew shy, though he had favorites: I was one. Then the captain always -asked him to dinner on Monday. Every mess in succession took up the -invitation in its turn. According to the size of the ship, you had him -at your mess more or less often at dinner. His breakfast he ate in his -own state-room,--he always had a state-room--which was where a sentinel -or somebody on the watch could see the door. And whatever else he ate or -drank, he ate or drank alone. Sometimes, when the marines or sailors had -any special jollification, they were permitted to invite -"Plain-Buttons," as they called him. Then Nolan was sent with some -officer, and the men were forbidden to speak of home while he was there. -I believe the theory was that the sight of his punishment did them good. -They called him "Plain-Buttons," because, while he always chose to wear -a regulation army-uniform, he was not permitted to wear the army-button, -for the reason that it bore either the initials or the insignia of the -country he had disowned. - -I remember, soon after I joined the navy, I was on shore with some of -the older officers from our ship and from the "Brandywine," which we had -met at Alexandria. We had leave to make a party and go up to Cairo and -the Pyramids. As we jogged along (you went on donkeys then), some of the -gentlemen (we boys called them "Dons," but the phrase was long since -changed) fell to talking about Nolan, and some one told the system which -was adopted from the first about his books and other reading. As he was -almost never permitted to go on shore, even though the vessel lay in -port for months, his time at the best hung heavy; and everybody was -permitted to lend him books, if they were not published in America and -made no allusion to it. These were common enough in the old days, when -people in the other hemisphere talked of the United States as little as -we do of Paraguay. He had almost all the foreign papers that came into -the ship, sooner or later; only somebody must go over them first, and -cut out any advertisement or stray paragraph that alluded to America. -This was a little cruel sometimes, when the back of what was cut out -might be as innocent as Hesiod. Right in the midst of one of Napoleon's -battles, or one of Canning's speeches, poor Nolan would find a great -hole, because on the back of the page of that paper there had been an -advertisement of a packet for New York, or a scrap from the President's -message. I say this was the first time I ever heard of this plan, which -afterwards I had enough and more than enough to do with. I remember it, -because poor Phillips, who was of the party, as soon as the allusion to -reading was made, told a story of something which happened at the Cape -of Good Hope on Nolan's first voyage; and it is the only thing I ever -knew of that voyage. They had touched at the Cape, and had done the -civil thing with the English Admiral and the fleet, and then, leaving -for a long cruise up the Indian Ocean, Phillips had borrowed a lot of -English books from an officer, which, in those days, as indeed in these, -was quite a windfall. Among them, as the Devil would order, was the "Lay -of the Last Minstrel," [Note 7] which they had all of them heard of, but -which most of them had never seen. I think it could not have been -published long. Well, nobody thought there could be any risk of anything -national in that, though Phillips swore old Shaw had cut out the -"Tempest" from Shakespeare before he let Nolan have it, because he said -"the Bermudas ought to be ours, and, by Jove, should be one day." So -Nolan was permitted to join the circle one afternoon when a lot of them -sat on deck smoking and reading aloud. People do not do such things so -often now; but when I was young we got rid of a great deal of time so. -Well, so it happened that in his turn Nolan took the book and read to -the others; and he read very well, as I know. Nobody in the circle knew -a line of the poem, only it was all magic and Border chivalry, and was -ten thousand years ago. Poor Nolan read steadily through the fifth -canto, stopped a minute and drank something, and then began, without a -thought of what was coming,-- - - "Breathes there the man, with soul so dead, - Who never to himself hath said,"-- - -It seems impossible to us that anybody ever heard this for the first -time; but all these fellows did then, and poor Nolan himself went on, -still unconsciously or mechanically,-- - - "This is my own, my native land!" - -Then they all saw that something was to pay; but he expected to get -through, I suppose, turned a little pale, but plunged on,-- - - "Whose heart hath ne'er within him burned, - As home his footsteps he hath turned - From wandering on a foreign strand?-- - If such there breathe, go, mark him well,"-- - -By this time the men were all beside themselves, wishing there was any -way to make him turn over two pages; but he had not quite presence of -mind for that; he gagged a little, colored crimson, and staggered on,-- - - "For him no minstrel raptures swell; - High though his titles, proud his name, - Boundless his wealth as wish can claim, - Despite these titles, power, and pelf, - The wretch, concentred all in self,"-- - -and here the poor fellow choked, could not go on, but started up, swung -the book into the sea, vanished into his state-room, "And by Jove," said -Phillips, "we did not see him for two months again. And I had to make up -some beggarly story to that English surgeon why I did not return his -Walter Scott to him." - -That story shows about the time when Nolan's braggadocio must have -broken down. At first, they said, he took a very high tone, considered -his imprisonment a mere farce, affected to enjoy the voyage, and all -that; but Phillips said that after he came out of his state-room he -never was the same man again. He never read aloud again, unless it was -the Bible or Shakespeare, or something else he was sure of. But it was -not that merely. He never entered in with the other young men exactly as -a companion again. He was always shy afterwards, when I knew him,--very -seldom spoke, unless he was spoken to, except to a very few friends. He -lighted up occasionally,--I remember late in his life hearing him fairly -eloquent on something which had been suggested to him by one of -Fléchier's sermons,--but generally he had the nervous, tired look of a -heart-wounded man. - -When Captain Shaw was coming home,--if, as I say, it was Shaw,--rather -to the surprise of everybody they made one of the Windward Islands, and -lay off and on for nearly a week. The boys said the officers were sick -of salt-junk, and meant to have turtle-soup before they came home. But -after several days the "Warren" came to the same rendezvous; they -exchanged signals; she sent to Phillips and these homeward-bound men -letters and papers, and told them she was outward-bound, perhaps to the -Mediterranean, and took poor Nolan and his traps on the boat back to try -his second cruise. He looked very blank when he was told to get ready to -join her. He had known enough of the signs of the sky to know that till -that moment he was going "home." But this was a distinct evidence of -something he had not thought of, perhaps,--that there was no going home -for him, even to a prison. And this was the first of some twenty such -transfers, which brought him sooner or later into half our best vessels, -but which kept him all his life at least some hundred miles from the -country he had hoped he might never hear of again. - -It may have been on that second cruise,--it was once when he was up the -Mediterranean,--that Mrs. Graff, the celebrated Southern beauty of those -days, danced with him. They had been lying a long time in the Bay of -Naples, and the officers were very intimate in the English fleet, and -there had been great festivities, and our men thought they must give a -great ball on board the ship. How they ever did it on board the "Warren" -I am sure I do not know. Perhaps it was not the "Warren," or perhaps -ladies did not take up so much room as they do now. They wanted to use -Nolan's state-room for something, and they hated to do it without asking -him to the ball; so the captain said they might ask him, if they would -be responsible that he did not talk with the wrong people, "who would -give him intelligence." So the dance went on, the finest party that had -ever been known, I dare say; for I never heard of a man-of-war ball that -was not. For ladies, they had the family of the American consul, one or -two travellers who had adventured so far, and a nice bevy of English -girls and matrons, perhaps Lady Hamilton herself. - -Well, different officers relieved each other in standing and talking -with Nolan in a friendly way, so as to be sure that nobody else spoke to -him. The dancing went on with spirit, and after a while even the fellows -who took this honorary guard of Nolan ceased to fear any _contretemps_. -Only when some English lady--Lady Hamilton, as I said, perhaps--called -for a set of "American dances," an odd thing happened. Everybody then -danced contra-dances. The black band, nothing loath, conferred as to -what "American dances" were, and started off with "Virginia Reel," which -they followed with "Money-Musk," which, in its turn in those days, -should have been followed by "The Old Thirteen." But just as Dick, the -leader, tapped for his fiddles to begin, and bent forward, about to say, -in true negro state, "'The Old Thirteen,' gentlemen and ladies!" as he -had said "'Virginny Reel,' if you please!" and "'Money-Musk,' if you -please!" the captain's boy tapped him on the shoulder, whispered to him, -and he did not announce the name of the dance; he merely bowed, began on -the air, and they all fell to,--the officers teaching the English girls -the figure, but not telling them why it had no name. - -But that is not the story I started to tell. As the dancing went on, -Nolan and our fellows all got at ease, as I said,--so much so, that it -seemed quite natural for him to bow to that splendid Mrs. Graff, and -say,-- - -"I hope you have not forgotten me, Miss Rutledge. Shall I have the honor -of dancing?" - -He did it so quickly, that Fellows, who was with him, could not hinder -him. She laughed and said,-- - -"I am not Miss Rutledge any longer, Mr. Nolan; but I will dance all the -same," just nodded to Fellows, as if to say he must leave Mr. Nolan to -her, and led him off to the place where the dance was forming. - -Nolan thought he had got his chance. He had known her at Philadelphia, -and at other places had met her, and this was a Godsend. You could not -talk in contra-dances, as you do in cotillions, or even in the pauses of -waltzing; but there were chances for tongues and sounds, as well as for -eyes and blushes. He began with her travels, and Europe, and Vesuvius, -and the French; and then, when they had worked down, and had that long -talking time at the bottom of the set, he said boldly,--a little pale, -she said, as she told me the story years after,-- - -"And what do you hear from home, Mrs. Graff?" - -And that splendid creature looked through him. Jove! how she must have -looked through him! - -"Home!! Mr. Nolan!!! I thought you were the man who never wanted to hear -of home again!"--and she walked directly up the deck to her husband, and -left poor Nolan alone, as he always was.--He did not dance again. I -cannot give any history of him in order; nobody can now; and, indeed, I -am not trying to. - -These are the traditions, which I sort out, as I believe them, from the -myths which have been told about this man for forty years. The lies that -have been told about him are legion. The fellows used to say he was the -"Iron Mask;" and poor George Pons went to his grave in the belief that -this was the author of "Junius," who was being punished for his -celebrated libel on Thomas Jefferson. Pons was not very strong in the -historical line. - -A happier story than either of these I have told is of the war. That -came along soon after. I have heard this affair told in three or four -ways,--and, indeed, it may have happened more than once. But which ship -it was on I cannot tell. However, in one, at least, of the great -frigate-duels with the English, in which the navy was really baptized, -[Note 8] it happened that a round-shot from the enemy entered one of our -ports square, and took right down the officer of the gun himself, and -almost every man of the gun's crew. Now you may say what you choose -about courage, but that is not a nice thing to see. But, as the men who -were not killed picked themselves up, and as they and the surgeon's -people were carrying off the bodies, there appeared Nolan, in his -shirt-sleeves, with the rammer in his hand, and, just as if he had been -the officer, told them off with authority,--who should go to the -cock-pit with the wounded men, who should stay with him,--perfectly -cheery, and with that way which makes men feel sure all is right and is -going to be right. And he finished loading the gun with his own hands, -aimed it, and bade the men fire. And there he stayed, captain of that -gun, keeping those fellows in spirits, till the enemy struck,--sitting -on the carriage while the gun was cooling, though he was exposed all the -time,--showing them easier ways to handle heavy shot,--making the raw -hands laugh at their own blunders,--and when the gun cooled again, -getting it loaded and fired twice as often as any other gun on the ship. -The captain walked forward by way of encouraging the men, and Nolan -touched his hat and said,-- - -"I am showing them how we do this in the artillery, sir." - -And this is the part of the story where all the legends agree; the -commodore said,-- - -"I see you do, and I thank you, sir; and I shall never forget this day, -sir, and you never shall, sir." - -And after the whole thing was over, and he had the Englishman's sword, -in the midst of the state and ceremony of the quarter-deck, he said,-- - -"Where is Mr. Nolan? Ask Mr. Nolan to come here." - -And when Nolan came, he said,-- - -"Mr. Nolan, we are all very grateful to you to-day; you are one of us -to-day; you will be named in the despatches." - -And then the old man took off his own sword of ceremony, and gave it to -Nolan, and made him put it on. The man told me this who saw it. Nolan -cried like a baby, and well he might. He had not worn a sword since that -infernal day at Fort Adams. But always afterwards on occasions of -ceremony, he wore that quaint old French sword of the commodore's. - -The captain did mention him in the despatches. It was always said he -asked that he might be pardoned. He wrote a special letter to the -Secretary of War. But nothing ever came of it. As I said, that was about -the time when they began to ignore the whole transaction at Washington, -and when Nolan's imprisonment began to carry itself on because there was -nobody to stop it without any new orders from home. - -I have heard it said that he was with Porter when he took possession of -the Nukahiwa Islands. Not this Porter, you know, but old Porter, his -father, Essex Porter,--that is, the old Essex Porter, not this Essex. -[Note 9] As an artillery officer, who had seen service in the West, -Nolan knew more about fortifications, embrasures, ravelins, stockades, -and all that, than any of them did; and he worked with a right good-will -in fixing that battery all right. I have always thought it was a pity -Porter did not leave him in command there with Gamble. That would have -settled all the question about his punishment. We should have kept the -islands, and at this moment we should have one station in the Pacific -Ocean. Our French friends, too, when they wanted this little -watering-place, would have found it was preoccupied. But Madison and the -Virginians, of course, flung all that away. - -All that was near fifty years ago. If Nolan was thirty then, he must -have been near eighty when he died. He looked sixty when he was forty. -But he never seemed to me to change a hair afterwards. As I imagine his -life, from what I have seen and heard of it, he must have been in every -sea, and yet almost never on land. He must have known, in a formal way, -more officers in our service than any man living knows. He told me once, -with a grave smile, that no man in the world lived so methodical a life -as he. "You know the boys say I am the Iron Mask, and you know how busy -he was." He said it did not do for any one to try to read all the time, -more than to do anything else all the time; and that he used to read -just five hours a day. "Then," he said, "I keep up my notebooks, writing -in them at such and such hours from what I have been reading; and I -include in these my scrap-books." These were very curious indeed. He had -six or eight, of different subjects. There was one of History, one of -Natural Science, one which he called "Odds and Ends." But they were not -merely books of extracts from newspapers. They had bits of plants and -ribbons, shells tied on, and carved scraps of bone and wood, which he -had taught the men to cut for him, and they were beautifully -illustrated. He drew admirably. He had some of the funniest drawings -there, and some of the most pathetic, that I have ever seen in my life. -I wonder who will have Nolan's scrapbooks. - -Well, he said his reading and his notes were his profession, and that -they took five hours and two hours respectively of each day. "Then," -said he, "every man should have a diversion as well as a profession. My -Natural History is my diversion." That took two hours a day more. The -men used to bring him birds and fish, but on a long cruise he had to -satisfy himself with centipedes and cockroaches and such small game. He -was the only naturalist I ever met who knew anything about the habits of -the house-fly and the mosquito. All those people can tell you whether -they are _Lepidoptera_ or _Steptopotera_; but as for telling how you can -get rid of them, or how they get away from you when you strike them, ---why Linnaeus knew as little of that as John Foy the idiot did. These -nine hours made Nolan's regular daily "occupation." The rest of the time -he talked or walked. Till he grew very old, he went aloft a great deal. -He always kept up his exercise; and I never heard that he was ill. If -any other man was ill, he was the kindest nurse in the world; and he -knew more than half the surgeons do. Then if anybody was sick or died, -or if the captain wanted him to, on any other occasion, he was always -ready to read prayers. I have said that he read beautifully. - -My own acquaintance with Philip Nolan began six or eight years after the -English war, on my first voyage after I was appointed a midshipman. It -was in the first days after our Slave-Trade treaty, while the Reigning -House, which was still the House of Virginia, had still a sort of -sentimentalism about the suppression of the horrors of the Middle -Passage, and something was sometimes done that way. We were in the South -Atlantic on that business. From the time I joined, I believe I thought -Nolan was a sort of lay chaplain,--a chaplain with a blue coat. I never -asked about him. Everything in the ship was strange to me. I knew it was -green to ask questions, and I suppose I thought there was a -"Plain-Buttons" on every ship. We had him to dine in our mess once a -week, and the caution was given that on that day nothing was to be said -about home. But if they had told us not to say anything about the planet -Mars or the Book of Deuteronomy, I should not have asked why; there were -a great many things which seemed to me to have as little reason. I first -came to understand anything about "the man without a country" one day -when we overhauled a dirty little schooner which had slaves on board. An -officer was sent to take charge of her, and, after a few minutes, he -sent back his boat to ask that some one might be sent him who could -speak Portuguese. We were all looking over the rail when the message -came, and we all wished we could interpret, when the captain asked who -spoke Portuguese. But none of the officers did; and just as the captain -was sending forward to ask if any of the people could, Nolan stepped out -and said he should be glad to interpret, if the captain wished, as he -understood the language. The captain thanked him, fitted out another -boat with him, and in this boat it was my luck to go. - -When we got there, it was such a scene as you seldom see, and never want -to. Nastiness beyond account, and chaos run loose in the midst of the -nastiness. There were not a great many of the negroes; but by way of -making what there were understand that they were free, Vaughan had had -their handcuffs and ankle-cuffs knocked off, and, for convenience' sake, -was putting them upon the rascals of the schooner's crew. The negroes -were, most of them, out of the hold, and swarming all round the dirty -deck, with a central throng surrounding Vaughan and addressing him in -every dialect, and patois of a dialect, from the Zulu click up to the -Parisian of Beledeljereed. [Note 10] - -As we came on deck, Vaughan looked down from a hogshead, on which he had -mounted in desperation, and said:-- - -"For God's love, is there anybody who can make these wretches understand -something? The men gave them rum, and that did not quiet them. I knocked -that big fellow down twice, and that did not soothe him. And then I -talked Choctaw to all of them together; and I'll be hanged if they -understood that as well as they understood the English." - -Nolan said he could speak Portuguese, and one or two fine-looking -Kroomen were dragged out, who, as it had been found already, had worked -for the Portuguese on the coast at Fernando Po. - -"Tell them they are free," said Vaughan; "and tell them that these -rascals are to be hanged as soon as we can get rope enough." - -Nolan "put that into Spanish,"--that is, he explained it in such -Portuguese as the Kroomen could understand, and they in turn to such of -the negroes as could understand them. Then there was such a yell of -delight, clinching of fists, leaping and dancing, kissing of Nolan's -feet, and a general rush made to the hogshead by way of spontaneous -worship of Vaughan, as the _deus ex machina_ of the occasion. - -"Tell them," said Vaughan, well pleased, "that I will take them all to -Cape Palmas." - -This did not answer so well. Cape Palmas was practically as far from the -homes of most of them as New Orleans or Rio Janeiro was; that is, they -would be eternally separated from home there. And their interpreters, as -we could understand, instantly said, "_Ah, non Palmas_," and began to -propose infinite other expedients in most voluble language. Vaughan was -rather disappointed at this result of his liberality, and asked Nolan -eagerly what they said. The drops stood on poor Nolan's white forehead, -as he hushed the men down, and said:-- - -"He says, 'Not Palmas.' He says, 'Take us home, take us to our own -country, take us to our own house, take us to our own pickaninnies and -our own women.' He says he has an old father and mother who will die if -they do not see him. And this one says he left his people all sick, and -paddled down to Fernando to beg the white doctor to come and help them, -and that these devils caught him in the bay just in sight of home, and -that he has never seen anybody from home since then. And this one says," -choked out Nolan, "that he has not heard a word from his home in six -months, while he has been locked up in an infernal barracoon." - -Vaughan always said he grew gray himself while Nolan struggled through -this interpretation: I, who did not understand anything of the passion -involved in it, saw that the very elements were melting with fervent -heat, and that something was to pay somewhere. Even the negroes -themselves stopped howling, as they saw Nolan's agony, and Vaughan's -almost equal agony of sympathy. As quick as he could get words, he -said:-- - -"Tell them yes, yes, yes; tell them they shall go to the Mountains of -the Moon, if they will. If I sail the schooner through the Great White -Desert, they shall go home!" - -And after some fashion Nolan said so. And then they all fell to kissing -him again, and wanted to rub his nose with theirs. - -But he could not stand it long; and getting Vaughan to say he might go -back, he beckoned me down into our boat. As we lay back in the -stern-sheets and the men gave way, he said to me: "Youngster, let that -show you what it is to be without a family, without a home, and without -a country. And if you are ever tempted to say a word, or to do a thing -that shall put a bar between you and your family, your home, and your -country, pray God in His mercy to take you that instant home to His own -heaven. Stick by your family, boy; forget you have a self, while you do -everything for them. Think of your home, boy; write and send, and talk -about it. Let it be nearer and nearer to your thought, the farther you -have to travel from it; and rush back to it when you are free, as that -poor black slave is doing now. And for your country, boy," and the words -rattled in his throat, "--and for that flag," and he pointed to the ship, -"never dream a dream but of serving her as she bids you, though the -service carry you through a thousand hells. No matter what happens to -you, no matter who flatters you or who abuses you, never look at another -flag, never let a night pass but you pray God to bless that flag. -Remember, boy, that behind all these men you have to do with, behind -officers, and government, and people even, there is the Country Herself, -your Country, and that you belong to Her as you belong to your own -mother. Stand by Her, boy, as you would stand by your mother, if those -devils there had got hold of her to-day!" - -I was frightened to death by his calm, hard passion; but I blundered out -that I would, by all that was holy, and that I had never thought of -doing anything else. He hardly seemed to hear me; but he did, almost in -a whisper, say: "O, if anybody had said so to me when I was of your -age!" - -I think it was this half-confidence of his, which I never abused, for I -never told this story till now, which afterward made us great friends. -He was very kind to me. Often he sat up, or even got up, at night, to -walk the deck with me, when it was my watch. He explained to me a great -deal of my mathematics, and I owe to him my taste for mathematics. He -lent me books, and helped me about my reading. He never alluded so -directly to his story again; but from one and another officer I have -learned, in thirty years, what I am telling. When we parted from him in -St. Thomas harbor, at the end of our cruise, I was more sorry than I can -tell. I was very glad to meet him again in 1830; and later in life, when -I thought I had some influence in Washington, I moved heaven and earth -to have him discharged. But it was like getting a ghost out of prison. -They pretended there was no such man, and never was such a man. They -will say so at the Department now! Perhaps they do not know. It will not -be the first thing in the service of which the Department appears to -know nothing! - -There is a story that Nolan met Burr once on one of our vessels, when a -party of Americans came on board in the Mediterranean. But this I -believe to be a lie; or, rather, it is a myth, _ben trovato_, involving -a tremendous blowing-up with which he sunk Burr,--asking him how he -liked to be "without a country." But it is clear from Burr's life, that -nothing of the sort could have happened; and I mention this only as an -illustration of the stories which get a-going where there is the least -mystery at bottom. - -Philip Nolan, poor fellow, repented of his folly, and then, like a man, -submitted to the fate he had asked for. He never intentionally added to -the difficulty or delicacy of the charge of those who had him in hold. -Accidents would happen; but never from his fault. Lieutenant Truxton -told me that, when Texas was annexed, there was a careful discussion -among the officers, whether they should get hold of Nolan's handsome set -of maps and cut Texas out of it,--from the map of the world and the map -of Mexico. The United States had been cut out when the atlas was bought -for him. But it was voted, rightly enough, that to do this would be -virtually to reveal to him what had happened, or, as Harry Cole said, to -make him think Old Burr had succeeded. So it was from no fault of -Nolan's that a great botch happened at my own table, when, for a short -time, I was in command of the George Washington corvette, on the South -American station. We were lying in the La Plata, and some of the -officers, who had been on shore and had just joined again, were -entertaining us with accounts of their misadventures in riding the -half-wild horses of Buenos Ayres. Nolan was at table, and was in an -unusually bright and talkative mood. Some story of a tumble reminded him -of an adventure of his own when he was catching wild horses in Texas -with his adventurous cousin, at a time when he mast have been quite a -boy. He told the story with a good deal of spirit,--so much so, that the -silence which often follows a good story hung over the table for an -instant, to be broken by Nolan himself. For he asked perfectly -unconsciously.-- - -"Pray, what has become of Texas? After the Mexicans got their -independence, I thought that province of Texas would come forward very -fast. It is really one of the finest regions on earth; it is the Italy -of this continent. But I have not seen or heard a word of Texas for near -twenty years." - -There were two Texan officers at the table. The reason he had never -heard of Texas was that Texas and her affairs had been painfully cut out -of his newspapers since Austin began his settlements; so that, while he -read of Honduras and Tamaulipas, and, till quite lately, of California, ---this virgin province, in which his brother had travelled so far, and, -I believe, had died, had ceased to be to him. Waters and Williams, the -two Texas men, looked grimly at each other and tried not to laugh. -Edward Morris had his attention attracted by the third link in the chain -of the captain's chandelier. Watrous was seized with a convulsion of -sneezing. Nolan himself saw that something was to pay, he did not know -what. And I, as master of the feast, had to say,-- - -"Texas is out of the map, Mr. Nolan. Have you seen Captain Back's -curious account of Sir Thomas Roe's Welcome?" - -After that cruise I never saw Nolan again. I wrote to him at least twice -a year, for in that voyage we became even confidentially intimate; but -he never wrote to me. The other men tell me that in those fifteen years -he aged very fast, as well he might indeed, but that he was still the -same gentle, uncomplaining, silent sufferer that he ever was, bearing as -best he could his self-appointed punishment,--rather less social, -perhaps, with new men whom he did not know, but more anxious, -apparently, than ever to serve and befriend and teach the boys, some of -whom fairly seemed to worship him. And now it seems the dear old fellow -is dead. He has found a home at last, and a country. - -Since writing this, and while considering whether or no I would print -it, as a warning to the young Nolans and Vallandighams and Tatnalls of -to-day of what it is to throw away a country, I have received from -Danforth, who is on board the "Levant," a letter which gives an account -of Nolan's last hours. It removes all my doubts about telling this -story. The reader will understand Danforth's letter, or the beginning of -it, if he will remember that after ten years of Nolan's exile every one -who had him in charge was in a very delicate position. The government -had failed to renew the order of 1807 regarding him. What was a man to -do? Should he let him go? What, then, if he were called to account by -the Department for violating the order of 1807? Should he keep him? -What, then, if Nolan should be liberated some day, and should bring an -action for false imprisonment or kidnapping against every man who had -had him in charge? I urged and pressed this upon Southard, and I have -reason to think that other officers did the same thing. But the -Secretary always said, as they so often do at Washington, that there -were no special orders to give, and that we must act on our own -judgment. That means, "If you succeed, you will be sustained; if you -fail, you will be disavowed." Well, as Danforth says, all that is over -now, though I do not know but I expose myself to a criminal prosecution -on the evidence of the very revelation I am making. - -Here is the letter:-- - -LEVANT, 2° 2' S. @ 131° W. - -"DEAR FRED:--I try to find heart and life to tell you that it is all -over with dear old Nolan. I have been with him on this voyage more than -I ever was, and I can understand wholly now the way in which you used -to speak of the dear old fellow. I could see that he was not strong, but -I had no idea the end was so near. The doctor has been watching him very -carefully, and yesterday morning came to me and told me that Nolan was -not so well, and had not left his state-room,--a thing I never remember -before. He had let the doctor come and see him as he lay there,--the -first time the doctor had been in the state-room,--and he said he should -like to see me. Oh, dear! do you remember the mysteries we boys used to -invent about his room in the old 'Intrepid' days? Well, I went in, and -there, to be sure, the poor fellow lay in his berth, smiling pleasantly -as he gave me his hand, but looking very frail. I could not help a -glance round, which showed me what a little shrine he had made of the -box he was lying in. The stars and stripes were triced up above and -around a picture of Washington, and he had painted a majestic eagle, -with lightnings blazing from his beak and his foot just clasping the -whole globe, which his wings overshadowed. The dear old boy saw my -glance, and said, with a sad smile, 'Here, you see, I have a country!' -And then he pointed to the foot of his bed, where I had not seen before -a great map of the United States, as he had drawn it from memory, and -which he had there to look upon as he lay. Quaint, queer old names were -on it, in large letters: 'Indiana Territory,' 'Mississippi Territory,' -and 'Louisiana Territory,' as I suppose our fathers learned such things: -but the old fellow had patched in Texas, too; he had carried his western -boundary all the way to the Pacific, but on that shore he had defined -nothing. - -"'O Captain,' he said, 'I know I am dying. I cannot get home. Surely you -will tell me something now?--Stop! stop! Do not speak till I say what I -am sure you know, that there is not in this ship, that there is not in -America,--God bless her!--a more loyal man than I. There cannot be a man -who loves the old flag as I do, or prays for it as I do, or hopes for it -as I do. There are thirty-four stars in it now, Danforth. I thank God -for that, though I do not know what their names are. There has never -been one taken away: I thank God for that. I know by that that there has -never been any successful Burr, O Danforth, Danforth,' he sighed out, -'how like a wretched night's dream a boy's idea of personal fame or of -separate sovereignty seems, when one looks back on it after such a life -as mine! But tell me,--tell me something,--tell me everything, Danforth, -before I die!' - -"Ingham, I swear to you that I felt like a monster that I had not told -him everything before. Danger or no danger, delicacy or no delicacy, who -was I, that I should have been acting the tyrant all this time over this -dear, sainted old man, who had years ago expiated, in his whole -manhood's life, the madness of a boys treason? 'Mr. Nolan,' said I, 'I -will tell you everything you ask about. Only, where shall I begin?' - -"Oh, the blessed smile that crept over his white face! and he pressed my -hand and said, 'God bless you! 'Tell me their names,' he said, and he -pointed to the stars on the flag. 'The last I know is Ohio. My father -lived in Kentucky. But I have guessed Michigan and Indiana and -Mississippi,--that was where Fort Adams is,--they make twenty. But where -are your other fourteen? You have not cut up any of the old ones, I -hope?' - -"Well, that was not a bad text, and I told him the names in as good -order as I could, and he bade me take down his beautiful map and draw -them in as I best could with my pencil. He was wild with delight about -Texas, told me how his cousin died there; he had marked a gold cross -near where he supposed his grave was; and he had guessed at Texas. Then -he was delighted as he saw California and Oregon;--that, he said, he had -suspected partly, because he had never been permitted to land on that -shore, though the ships were there so much. 'And the men,' said he, -laughing, 'brought off a good deal besides furs.' Then he went back ---heavens, how far!--to ask about the Chesapeake, and what was done to -Barron for surrendering her to the Leopard, [Note 11] and whether Burr -ever tried again,--and he ground his teeth with the only passion he -showed. But in a moment that was over, and he said, 'God forgive me, for -I am sure I forgive him.' Then he asked about the old war,--told me the -true story of his serving the gun the day we took the Java,--asked about -dear old David Porter, as he called him. Then he settled down more -quietly, and very happily, to hear me tell in an hour the history of -fifty years. - -"How I wished it had been somebody who knew something! But I did as well -as I could. I told him of the English war. I told him about Fulton and -the steamboat beginning. I told him about old Scott, and Jackson; told -him all I could think of about the Mississippi, and New Orleans, and -Texas, and his own old Kentucky. And do you think, he asked who was in -command of the 'Legion of the West.' I told him it was a very gallant -officer named Grant and that, by our last news, he was about to -establish his head-quarters at Vicksburg. Then, 'Where was Vicksburg?' I -worked that out on the map; it was about a hundred miles, more or less, -above his old Fort Adams; and I thought Fort Adams must be a ruin now. -'It must be at old Vick's plantation, at Walnut Hills,' said he: 'well, -that is a change!' - -"I tell you, Ingham, it was a hard thing to condense the history of half -a century into that talk with a sick man. And I do not now know what I -told him,--of emigration, and the means of it,--of steamboats, and -railroads, and telegraphs,--of inventions, and books, and literature, ---of the colleges, and West Point, and the Naval School,--but with the -queerest interruptions that ever you heard. You see it was Robinson -Crusoe asking all the accumulated questions of fifty-six years! - -"I remember he asked, all of a sudden, who was President now; and when I -told him, he asked if Old Abe was General Benjamin Lincoln's son. He -said he met old General Lincoln, when he was quite a boy himself, at -some Indian treaty. I said no, that Old Abe was a Kentuckian like -himself, but I could not tell him of what family; he had worked up from -the ranks. 'Good for him!' cried Nolan; 'I am glad of that. As I have -brooded and wondered, I have thought our danger was in keeping up those -regular successions in the first families.' Then I got talking about my -visit to Washington. I told him of meeting the Oregon Congressman, -Harding; I told him about the Smithsonian, and the Exploring Expedition; -I told him about the Capitol, and the statues for the pediment, and -Crawford's Liberty, and Greenough's Washington: Ingham, I told him -everything I could think of that would show the grandeur of his country -and its prosperity; but I could not make up my mouth to tell him a word -about this infernal rebellion! - -"And he drank it in and enjoyed it as I cannot tell you. He grew more -and more silent, yet I never thought he was tired or faint. I gave him a -glass of water, but he just wet his lips, and told me not to go away. -Then he asked me to bring the Presbyterian 'Book of Public Prayer' which -lay there, and said, with a smile, that it would open at the right -place,--and so it did. There was his double red mark down the page; and -I knelt down and read, and he repeated with me, 'For ourselves and our -country, O gracious God, we thank These, that, notwithstanding our -manifold transgressions of Thy holy laws, Thou hast continued to us Thy -marvellous kindness,'--and so to the end of that thanksgiving. Then he -turned to the end of the same book, and I read the words more familiar -to me: 'Most heartily we beseech Thee with Thy favor to behold and bless -Thy servant, the President of the United States, and all others in -authority,'--and the rest of the Episcopal collect. 'Danforth,' said he, -'I have repeated those prayers night and morning, it is now fifty-five -years.' And then he said he would go to sleep. He bent me down over him -and kissed me; and he said, 'Look in my Bible, Captain, when I am gone.' -And I went away. - -"But I had no thought it was the end: I thought he was tired and would -sleep. I knew he was happy, and I wanted him to be alone. - -"But in an hour, when the doctor went in gently, he found Nolan had -breathed his life away with a smile. He had something pressed close to -his lips. It was his father's badge of the Order of the Cincinnati. - -"We looked in his Bible, and there was a slip of paper at the place -where he had marked the text.-- - -"'They desire a country, even a heavenly: wherefore God is not ashamed -to be called their God: for He hath prepared for them a city.' - -"On this slip of paper he had written: - -"'Bury me in the sea; it has been my home, and I love it. But will not -some one set up a stone for my memory [Note 12] at Fort Adams or at -Orleans, that my disgrace may not be more than I ought to bear? Say on -it: - -"'_In Memory of_ - -"'PHILIP NOLAN, - -"'_Lieutenant in the Army of the United States_. - -"'He loved his country as no other man has -loved her; but no man deserved less -at her hands.'" - - -Notes - -[Note 1:] - Frederic Ingham, the "I" of the narrative, is supposed to be -a retired officer of the United States Navy. - -[Note 2:] - "_Few readers . . . observed_." In truth, no one observed -it, because there was no such announcement there. The author has, -however, met more than one person who assured him that they had seen -this notice. So fallible is the human memory! - -[Note 3:] - _The "Levant_." The " Levant " was a corvette in the -American navy, which sailed on her last voyage, with despatches for an -American officer in Central America, from the port of Honolulu in 1860. -She has never been heard of since, but one of her spars drifted ashore -on one of the Hawaiian islands. I took her name intentionally, knowing -that she was lost. As it happened, when this story was published, only -two American editors recollected that the "Levant" no longer existed. We -learn from the last despatch of Captain Hunt that he intended to take a -northern course heading eastward toward the coast of California rather -than southward toward the Equator. At the instance of Mr. James D. -Hague, who was on board the "Levant" to bid Captain Hunt good bye on the -day when she sailed from Hilo, a search has been made in the summer of -1904 for any reef or islands in that undiscovered region upon which she -may have been wrecked. But no satisfactory results have been obtained. - -[Note 4:] - _Madison_. James Madison was President from March 4, 1809, -to March 4, 1817. Personally he did not wish to make war with England, -but the leaders of the younger men of the Democratic party--Mr. Clay, -Mr. Calhoun, and others--pressed him against his will to declare war in -1812. The war was ended by the Treaty of Peace at Ghent in the year -1814. It is generally called "The Short War." There were many reasons -for the war. The most exasperating was the impressment of American -seamen to serve in the English navy. In the American State Department -there were records of 6,257 such men, whose friends had protested to the -American government. It is believed that more than twenty thousand -Americans were held, at one time or another, in such service. For those -who need to study this subject, I recommend Spears's "History of our -Navy," in four volumes. It is dedicated "to those who would seek Peace -and Pursue it." - -[Note 5:] - Aaron Burr had been an officer in the American Revolution. -He was Vice-President from 1801 to 1805, in the first term of -Jefferson's administration. In July, 1804, in a duel, Burr killed -Alexander Hamilton, a celebrated leader of the Federal party. From this -duel may be dated the indignation which followed him through the next -years of his life. In 1805, after his Vice-Presidency, he made a voyage -down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, to study the new acquisition of -Louisiana. That name was then given to all the country west of the -Mississippi as far as the Rocky Mountains. The next year he organized a -military expedition, probably with the plan, vaguely conceived, of -taking Texas from Spain. He was, however, betrayed and arrested by -General Wilkinson,--then in command of the United States army,--with -whom Burr had had intimate relations. He was tried for treason at -Richmond but acquitted. - -[Note 6:] - Colonel Morgan is a fictitious character, like all the -others in this book, except Aaron Burr. - -[Note 7:] - The "Lay of the Last Minstrel" is one of the best poems of -Walter Scott. It was first published in 1805. - -The whole passage referred to in the text is this:-- - - Breathes there the man, with soul so dead, - Who never to himself hath said, - This is my own, my native land! - Whose heart hath ne'er within him burn'd, - As home his footsteps he hath turn'd - From wandering on a foreign strand? - If such there breathe, go, mark him well! - For him no minstrel raptures swell; - High though his titles, proud his name, - Boundless his wealth as wish can claim, - Despite those titles, power, and pelf, - The wretch, concentred all in self, - Living, shall forfeit fair renown, - And, doubly dying, shall go down - To the vile dust, from whence he sprung, - Unwept, unhonour'd, and unsung. - - O Caledonia! stern and wild, - Meet nurse for a poetic child! - Land of brown heath and shaggy wood; - Land of the mountain and the flood. - -[Note 8:] - "_Frigate-duels with the English, in which the navy was -really baptized_." Several great sea fights in this short war gave to -the Navy of the United States its reputation. Indeed, they charged the -navies of all the world. The first of these great battles is the fight -of the "Constitution" and "Guerrière," August 19, 1812. - -[Note 9:] - The frigate "Essex," under Porter, took the Marquesas -Islands, in the Pacific, in 1813. Captain Porter was father of the -more celebrated Admiral Porter, who commanded the United States naval -forces in the Gulf of Mexico in 1863, when this story was written. - -[Note 10:] - _Beledeljereed_. An Arab name. Beled el jerid means "The -Land of Dates." As a name it has disappeared from the books of -geography. But one hundred years ago it was given to the southern part -of the Algeria of to-day, and somewhat vaguely to other parts of the -ancient Numidia. It will be found spelled Biledelgerid. To use this -word now is somewhat like speaking of the Liliput of Gulliver. - -[Note 11:] Page 40.-The English cruisers on the American coast, in the -great war between England and Napoleon, claimed the right to search -American merchantmen and men of war, to find, if they could, deserters -from the English navy. This was their way of showing their contempt for -the United States. In 1807 the "Chesapeake," a frigate of the United -States, was met by the "Leopard," an English frigate. She was not -prepared for fighting, and Barron, her commander, struck his flag. This -is the unfortunate vessel which surrendered to the "Shannon" on June -3, 1813. - -[Note 12:] - No one has erected this monument. Its proper place would -be on the ruins of Fort Adams. That fort has been much worn away by the -Mississippi River. - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's The Man Without a Country, by Edward E. 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