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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/16496-8.txt b/16496-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e333bc --- /dev/null +++ b/16496-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1339 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles (1 of 6): The Historie of +England (1 of 8), by Raphael Holinshed + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Chronicles (1 of 6): The Historie of England (1 of 8) + From the Time That It Was First Inhabited, Vntill the Time + That It Was Last Conquered: Wherein the Sundrie Alterations + of the State Vnder Forren People Is Declared; And Other + Manifold Observations Remembred + +Author: Raphael Holinshed + +Release Date: August 9, 2005 [EBook #16496] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES (1 OF 6): THE *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Lesley Halamek and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + +THE + +HISTORIE OF ENGLAND, + +FROM + +THE TIME THAT IT WAS FIRST INHABITED, + +VNTILL + +THE TIME THAT IT WAS LAST CONQUERED: + +WHEREIN THE SUNDRIE ALTERATIONS OF THE STATE +VNDER FORREN PEOPLE IS DECLARED; +AND OTHER MANIFOLD OBSERVATIONS REMEMBRED: + + * * * * * + +_BY RAPHAEL HOLINSHED_ + + * * * * * + +NOW NEWLIE READ OVER, AND DILIGENTLIE DIGESTED INTO BOOKES AND CHAPTERS, +WITH THEIR SEUERALL ARGUMENTS PREFIXED, CONTEINING AN ABRIDGEMENT +OF THE WHOLE HISTORIE, FOR THE HELPE OF THE READERS +IUDGEMENT AND MEMORIE: + +WITH TWO TABLES OF PARTICULARS, + +THE ONE SERVING THE DESCRIPTION, THE OTHER THE HISTORIE: + +_BY ABRAHAM FLEMING._ + + * * * * * + +LAUS HISTORIÆ EX I. LELANDO. + +QUOD SOL ÆTHEREO PRÆSTAT PULCHERRIMUS ORDI, +HISTORIA HUMANIS VBIBUS HOC TRIBUIT. + + + + +TO + +THE READERS STUDIOUS IN HISTORIES. + + * * * * * + + +The order obserued in the description of Britaine, by reason of the +necessarie diuision thereof into bookes and chapters growing out of +the varietie of matters therein conteined, seemed (in my iudgement) so +conuenient a course deuised by the writer, as I was easilie induced +thereby to digest the historie of England immediatlie following into the +like method: so that as in the one, so likewise in the other, by summarie +contents foregoing euerie chapter, as also by certeine materiall titles +added at the head of euerie page of the said historie, it is a thing of +no difficultie to comprehend what is discoursed and discussed in the +same. + +Wherein (sith histories are said to be the registers of memorie and the +monuments of veritie) all louers of knowlege, speciallie historicall, +are aduisedlie to marke (among other points) the seuerall and successiue +alterations of regiments in this land: whereof it was my meaning to haue +[Sidenote: Pag. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 26, 27, 28, 49, 50, 51, of the +description: and pag. 765, 766, of the historie of England.] +made an abstract, but that the same is sufficientlie handled in the first +booke and fourth chapter of the description of Britaine; whereto if the +seuenth chapter of the same booke be also annexed, there is litle or no +defect at all in that case wherof iustlie to make complaint. + +Wherfore by remitting the readers to those, I reape this aduantage, +namelie a discharge of a forethought & purposed labour, which as to +reduce into some plausible forme was a worke both of time, paine and +studie: so seeming vnlikelie to be comprised in few words (being a matter +of necessarie and important obseruation) occasion of tediousnes is to and +fro auoided; speciallie to the reader, who is further to be aduertised, +that the computations of yeares here and there expressed, according to +the indirect direction of the copies whense they were deriued and drawne, +is not so absolute (in some mens opinion) as it might haue beene: howbeit +iustifiable by their originals. + +Wherin hereafter (God prolonging peace in the church and commonwelth +that the vse of bookes may not be abridged) such diligent care shall be +had, that in whatsoeuer the helpe of bookes will doo good, or conference +with antiquaries auaile, there shall want no will to vse the one and the +other. And yet it is not a worke for euerie common capacitie, naie it is +a toile without head or taile euen for extraordinarie wits, to correct +the accounts of former ages so many hundred yeares receiued, out of +vncerteinties to raise certeinties, and to reconcile writers dissenting +in opinion and report. But as this is vnpossible, so is no more to be +looked for than may be performed: and further to inquire as it is against +reason, so to vndertake more than may commendablie be atchiued, were +fowle follie. + +ABRAHAM FLEMING. + + + + + * * * * * + +THE FIRST BOOKE + +OF THE + +HISTORIE OF ENGLAND. + + * * * * * + + + + +_Who inhabited this Iland before the comming of Brute: of Noah & his +three sonnes, among whom the whole earth was diuided: and to which of +their portions this Ile of Britaine befell._ + + +THE FIRST CHAPTER. + + +What manner of people did first inhabite this our country, which hath +most generallie and of longest continuance béene knowne among all nations +by the name of Britaine as yet is not certeinly knowne; neither can it be +decided fr[=o] whence the first inhabitants there of came, by reason of +such diuersitie in iudgements as haue risen amongst the learned in this +[Sidenote: The originall of nations for the most part vncerteine.] +behalfe. But sith the originall in maner of all nations is doubtfull, and +euen the same for the more part fabulous (that alwaies excepted which we +find in the holie scriptures) I wish not any man to leane to that which +shall be here set downe as to an infallible truth, sith I doo but onlie +shew other mens conjectures, grounded neuerthelesse vpon likelie reasons, +concerning that matter whereof there is now left but little other +certeintie, or rather none at all. + +[Sidenote: Whither Britaine were an Iland at the first. +_Geog. com. lib._ +No Ilands at the first, as some coniecture.] +To fetch therefore the matter from the farthest, and so to stretch it +forward, it séemeth by the report of Dominicus Marius Niger that in the +beginning, when God framed the world, and diuided the waters apart from +the earth, this Ile was then a parcell of the continent, and ioined +without any separation of sea to the maine land. But this opinion (as all +other the like vncerteinties) I leaue to be discussed of by the learned: +howbeit for the first inhabitation of this Ile with people, I haue +thought good to set downe in part, what may be gathered out of such +writers as haue touched that matter, and may séeme to giue some light +vnto the knowledge thereof. + +[Sidenote: In the first part of the acts of the English votaries. +Britaine inhabitied before the floud. +_Genesis 6_. +_Berosus ant. lib._ 1.] +First therefore Iohn Bale our countrieman, who in his time greatlie +trauelled in the search of such antiquities, dooth probablie coniecture, +that this land was inhabited and replenished with people long before the +floud, at that time in the which the generation of mankind (as Moses +writeth) began to multiplie vpon the vniuersall face of the earth: and +therfore it followeth, that as well this land was inhabited with people +long before the daies of Noah, as any the other countries and parts +of the world beside. But when they had once forsaken the ordinances +appointed them by God, and betaken them to new waies inuented of +themselues, such loosenesse of life ensued euerie where, as brought vpon +them the great deluge and vniuersall floud, in the which perished as well +the inhabitants of these quarters, as the residue of the race of mankind, +generallie dispersed in euerie other part of the whole world, onelie Noah +& his familie excepted, who by the prouidence and pleasure of almightie +God was preserued from the rage of those waters, to recontinue and +repaire the new generation of man of vpon earth. + +[Sidenote: NOAH. _In comment. super 4. lib._ +_Berosus de antiquit. lib._ 1 +_Annius vt suor._] +After the flood (as Annius de Viterbo recordeth) and reason also +enforceth, Noah was the onlie monarch of all the world, and as the same +Annius gathereth by the account of Moses in the 100. yeare after the +flood, Noah diuided the earth among his thrée sonnes; assigning to the +possession of his eldest sonne all that portion of land which now is +knowne by the name of Asia; to his second sonne Cham, he appointed all +that part of the world which now is called Affrica: and to his third +sonne Iaphet was allotted all Europa, with all the Iles therto belonging, +wherin among other was conteined this our Ile of Britaine, with the other +Iles thereto perteining. + +[Sidenote: IAPHET AND HIS SONNES. +_Johannes Bodinus ad fac. hist. cogn._ +_Franciscus Tarapha_.] +Iaphet the third son of Noah, of some called Iapetus, and of others, +Atlas Maurus (because he departed this life in Mauritania) was the first +(as Bodinus affirmeth by the authoritie and consent of the Hebrue, Gréeke +& Latine writers) that peopled the countries of Europe, which afterward +he diuided among his sonnes: of whom Tuball (as Tarapha affirmeth) +obteined the kingdome of Spaine. Gomer had dominion ouer the Italians, +and (as Berosus and diuers other authors agrée) Samothes was the founder +of Celtica, which conteined in it (as Bale witnesseth) a great part of +Europe, but speciallie those countries which now are called by the names +of Gallia and Britannia. + +[Sidenote: Britaine inhabited shortlie after the floud.] +Thus was this Iland inhabited and peopled within 200 yéeres after the +floud by the children of Iaphet the sonne of Noah: & this is not onlie +prooued by Annius, writing vpon Berosus, but also confirmed by Moses in +the scripture, where he writeth, that of the offspring of Iaphet, the +Iles of the Gentiles (wherof Britain is one) were sorted into regions in +the time of Phaleg the sonne of Hiber, who was borne at the time of the +[Sidenote: _Theophilus episcop. Antioch. ad Anfol lib. 2._ +The words of Theophilus a doctor of the church, who liued an. Dom. 160.] +diuision of languages. Herevpon Theophilus hath these words: "Cùm priscis +temporibus pauci forent homines in Arabia & Chaldæa, post linguarum +diuisionem aucti & multiplicati paulatim sunt: hinc quidam abierunt +versus orientem, quidam concessere ad partes maioris continentis, alij +porrò profecti sunt ad septentrionem sedes quæsituri, nec priùs desierunt +terram vbiq; occupare, quàm etiam Britannos in Arctois climatibus +accesserint, &c." _That is_; "When at the first there were not manie +men in Arabia and Chaldæa, it came to passe, that after the diuision of +toongs, they began somewhat better to increase and multiplie, by which +occasion some of them went toward the east, and some toward the parts of +the great maine land: diuers of them went also northwards to seeke them +dwelling places, neither staid they to replenish the earth as they went, +till they came vnto the Iles of Britaine, lieng vnder the north pole." +Thus far Theophilus. + +These things considered, Gildas the Britaine had great reason to thinke, +that this countrie had bene inhabited from the beginning. And Polydor +Virgil was with no lesse consideration hereby induced to confesse, that +the Ile of Britaine had receiued inhabitants foorthwith after the floud. + + * * * * * + + + + +_Of Samothes, Magus, Sarron, Druis, and Bardus, fiue kings succeeding +each other in regiment ouer the Celts and Samotheans, and how manie +hundred yeeres the Celts inhabited this Iland._ + + +THE SECOND CHAPTER. + + +[Sidenote: _Gen. 2._] +Samothes the sixt begotten sonne of Iaphet called by Moses Mesech, by +[Sidenote: _De migr. gen._] +others Dis, receiued for his portion (according to the report of +Wolfgangus Lazius) all the countrie lieng betwéene the riuer of Rhene +and the Pyrenian mountains, where he founded the kingdome of Celtica +[Sidenote: _Cent. 1._] +ouer his people called Celtæ. Which name Bale affirmeth to haue bene +indifferent to the inhabitants both of the countrie of Gallia, and the +Ile of Britaine, & that he planted colonies of men (brought foorth of +the east parts) in either of them, first in the maine land, and after +[Sidenote: _Anti. lib._ 1. +_Bale Script_. +_Brit. cent._ 1.] +in the Iland. He is reported by Berosus to haue excelled all men of +that age in learning and knowledge: and also is thought by Bale to +haue imparted the same among his people; namelie, the vnderstanding +[Sidenote: _Cæsar. comment. lib._ 8.] +of the sundrie courses of the starres, the order of inferiour things, +with manie other matters incident to the morall and politike gouernment +of mans life: and to haue deliuered the same in the Phenician letters: +out of which the Gréekes (according to the opinion of Archilochus) +[Sidenote: _In epithet. temp._ +_De æquinorus contra Appionem_.] +deuised & deriued the Gréeke characters, insomuch that Xenophon and +Iosephus doo constantlie report (although Diogenes Laertius be against +it) that both the Gréekes and other nations receiued their letters and +learning first from these countries. Of this king and his learning arose +[Sidenote: _Lib. de Magic. success. lib._ 22.] +a sect of philosophers (saith Annius) first in Britaine, and after in +Gallia, the which of his name were called Samothei. They (as Aristotle +and Secion write) were passing skilfull both in the law of God and man: +[Sidenote: _Script. Brit. cent._ I.] +and for that cause excéedinglie giuen to religion, especiallie the +inhabitants of this Ile of Britaine, insomuch that the whole nation +did not onelie take the name of them, but the Iland it selfe (as Bale +[Sidenote: _De ant. Cant. cent. lib._ I.] +and doctor Caius agree) came to be called Samothea, which was the first +peculiar name that euer it had, and by the which it was especiallie +[Sidenote: This Ile called Samothea.] +knowne before the arriuall of Albion. + +[Sidenote: MAGUS THE SON OF SAMOTHES. _Lib._ 9. +_Annius in commen. super eundem. Geogr._] +Magus the sonne of Samothes, after the death of his +father, was the second king of Celtica, by whome (as Berosus writeth) +there were manie townes builded among the Celts, which by the witnesse +of Annius did beare the addition of their founder Magus: of which townes +diuers are to be found in Ptolomie. And Antoninus a painfull surueior of +the world and searcher of cities, maketh mention of foure of them here +in Britaine, Sitomagus, Neomagus, Niomagus, and Nouiomagus. Neomagus +sir Thomas Eliot writeth to haue stood where the citie of Chester now +standeth; Niomagus, George Lillie placeth where the towne of Buckingham +is now remaining. Beside this, Bale dooth so highlie commend the foresaid +Magus for his learning renowmed ouer all the world, that he would haue +the Persians, and other nations of the south and west parts, to deriue +the name of their diuines called _Magi_ from him. In déed Rauisius +Textor, and sir Iohn Prise affirme, that in the daies of Plinie, the +Britons were so expert in art magike, that they might be thought to haue +first deliuered the same to the Persians. What the name of _Magus_ +[Sidenote: _De diui. lib._ 1. +_De fastis li._ 5.] +importeth, and of what profession the _Magi_ were, Tullie declareth at +large, and Mantuan in briefe, after this maner: + + + Ille penes Persas Magus est, qui sidera norit, + Qui sciat herbarum vires cultúmq; deorum, + Persepoli facit ista Magos prudentia triplex. + + The Persians terme him Magus, that + the course of starres dooth knowe, + The power of herbs, and worship due + to God that man dooth owe, + By threefold knowledge thus the name + of Magus then dooth growe. + + [Sidenote: _H.F._] + + +[Sidenote: SARRON THE SON OF MAGUS. +_De ant. Cant. lib._ 1.] +[Sidenote: _Bale. script_. +_Brit. cent._ I.] +Sarron the third king of the Celts succéeded his father Magus in +gouernement of the countrie of Gallia, and the Ile Samothea, wherein as +(D. Caius writeth) he founded certaine publike places for them that +professed learning, which Berosus affirmeth to be done, to the intent +to restraine the wilfull outrage of men, being as then but raw and void +of all ciuilitie. Also it is thought by Annius, that he was the first +author of those kind of philosophers, which were called Sarronides, of +whom Diodorus Siculus writeth in this sort: "There are (saith he) among +[Sidenote: _Lib._ 6.] +the Celts certaine diuines and philosophers called Sarronides, whom +aboue all other they haue in great estimation. For it is the manner +among them, not without a philosopher to make anie sacrifice: sith they +are of beléefe, that sacrifices ought onelie to be made by such as are +skilfull in the diuine mysteries, as of those who are néerest vnto God, +by whose intercession they thinke all good things are to be required of +God, and whose aduise they vse and follow, as well in warre as in peace." + +[Sidenote: DRUIS THE SON OF SARRON. +_De morte Claud._] +Druis, whom Seneca calleth Dryus, being the sonne of Sarron, was after +his father established the fourth king of Celtica, indifferentlie +reigning as wel ouer the Celts as Britons, or rather (as the inhabitants +of this Ile were then called) Samotheans. This prince is commended by +Berosus to be so plentifullie indued with wisedome and learning, that +Annius taketh him to be the vndoubted author of the begining and name of +the philosophers called Druides, whome Cæsar and all other ancient +Gréeke and Latine writers doo affirme to haue had their begining in +Britaine, and to haue bin brought from thence into Gallia, insomuch that +when there arose any doubt in that countrie touching any point of their +discipline, they did repaire to be resolued therein into Britaine, where, +speciallie in the Ile of Anglesey (as Humfrey Llhoyd witnesseth) they +[Sidenote: _Anti. lib._ 5. +_Annius super eundem_. +_De bello Gallico_. 6.] +made their principall abode. Touching their vsages many things are +written by Aristotle, Socion, Plinie, Laertius, Bodinus, and others: +which I will gather in briefe, and set downe as followeth. They had +(as Cæsar saith) the charge of common & priuate sacrifices, the +discussing of points of religion, the bringing vp of youth, the +determining of matters in variance with full power to interdict so manie +from the sacrifice of their gods and the companie of men, as disobeied +[Sidenote: _Hist. an. lib._ 1.] +their award. Polydore affirmeth, how they taught, that mens soules could +not die, but departed from one bodie to another, and that to the intent +[Sidenote: _De diui. lib._ 1.] +to make men valiant and drealesse of death. Tullie writeth, that +partlie by tokens, and partlie by surmises, they would foretell things +to come. And by the report of Hector Boetius, some of them were not +ignorant of the immortalitie of the one and euerlasting God. All these +[Sidenote: _Hist. Scoti. li._ 2. +_De migr. gen. lib._ 2. +_Marcellinus_.] +things they had written in the Greeke toong, insomuch that Wolf. Lazius +(vpon the report of Marcellinus) declareth how the Gréeke letters were +first brought to Athens by Timagenes from the Druides. And herevpon it +commeth also to passe, that the British toong hath in it remaining at +this day some smacke of the Gréeke. Among other abuses of the Druides, +they had (according to Diodorus) one custome to kill men, and by the +falling, bleeding, and dismembring of them, to diuine of things to come: +for the which and other wicked practises, their sect was first condemned +for abhominable (as some haue written) and dissolued in Gallia (as +Auentinus witnesseth) by Tiberius and Claudius the emperours; and +[Sidenote: _Anna. Boiorum. lib._ 22.] +lastlie abolished here in Britaine (by the report of Caius) when the +gospell of Christ by the preaching of Fugatius and Damianus was receiued +[Sidenote: _De ant. Cant._] +among the Britaines, vnder Lucius king of Britaine, about the yeare of +our sauior, 179. + +[Sidenote: BARDUS THE SONNE OF DRUIS. +_Berosus ant. lib._ 2. +_Annius in commen. super eundem_. +_Ant. Cant li._ 1. +_script. Britan. cent._ 1. +_Nonnius_. +_Marcel._ +_Strabo_. +_Diodor. Sicul. lib._ 6. +_Carol. Stepha. in dict. hist._ +_Bale_. +_Iohn Prise_.] +Bardus the sonne of Druis succéeded his father in the kingdome of +Celtica, and was the fift king ouer the Celtes and Samotheans, amongst +whom he was highlie renoumed (as appeareth by Berosus) for inuention of +dities and musicke, wherein Annius of Viterbo writeth, that he trained +his people: and of such as excelled in this knowledge, he made an order +of philosophicall poets or heraulds, calling them by his owne name Bardi. +And it should séeme by doctor Caius and master Bale, that Cæsar found +some of them here at his arriuall in this Ile, and reported that they had +also their first begining in the same. The profession and vsages of these +Bardi, Nonnius, Strabo, Diodorus, Stephanus, Bale, and sir Iohn Prise, +are in effect reported after this sort. They did vse to record the +noble exploits of the ancient capteins, and to drawe the pedegrées and +genealogies of such as were liuing. They would frame pleasant dities and +songs, learne the same by heart, and sing them to instruments at solemne +feasts and assemblies of noble men and gentlemen. Wherefore they were had +in so high estimation, that if two hosts had bene readie ranged to ioine +in battell, and that any of them had fortuned to enter among them, both +the hosts (as well the enimies as the friends) would haue holden their +hands, giuen eare vnto them, and ceassed from fight, vntill these Bards +[Sidenote: _Lucan. lib._ 1.] +had gone out of the battell. Of these Bards Lucane saith, + + + Vos quoq; qui fortes animas bellóq; peremptas, + Laudius in longum vares dimittítis æuum, + Plurima securi fudistis carmina Bardi: + + [Sidenote: _II. F._] + And you ô poet Bards from danger + void that dities sound, + Of soules of dreadlesse men, whom rage + of battell would confound, + And make their lasting praise to time + of later age rebound. + + +Because the names of these poets were neither discrepant from the +ciuilitie of the Romans, nor repugnant to the religion of the Christians, +they (of all the other sects before specified) were suffered onlie to +continue vnabolished in all ages, insomuch that there flourished of +them among the Britains (according to Bale) before the birth of Christ, +[Sidenote: _Iohn Bale script. Britan. cent._ 2. +_John Prise defen hist. Brit._ +_Caius de ant._ +_Cant. lib._ 1. +_Iohn Leland_ +_syllab. ant dict._ +_Hum. Lloyd de Mona insula_] +Plenidius and Oronius: after Christ (as Prise recounteth) Thalestine, +and the two Merlins, Melkin, Elaskirion, and others: and of late daies +among the Welshmen, Dauid Die, Ioslo Gough, Dauid ap William, with an +infinite number more. And in Wales there are sundrie of them (as Caius +reporteth) remaining vnto this day, where they are in their language +called (as Leland writeth) Barthes. Also by the witnes of Humfrey Llhoyd, +there is an Iland néere vnto Wales, called Insula Bardorum, and Bardsey, +whereof the one name in Latine, and the other in Saxon or old English, +signifieth the Iland of the Bardes or Barthes. + +_Thus farré the gouernement of the Celts in this Ile._ + + * * * * * + + + + +AN APPENDIX TO THE FORMER CHAPTER. + + +[Sidenote: _Bale_] +After Bardus, the Celts (as Bale saith) loathing the streict ordinances +of their ancient kings, and betaking themselues to pleasure and idlenesse, +were in short time, and with small labour brought vnder the subiection of +the giant Albion, the sonne of Neptune, who altering the state of things +in this Iland, streicted the name of Celtica and the Celts within the +bounds of Gallia, from whence they came first to inhabit this land vnder +the conduct of Samothes, as before ye haue heard, accordinglie as Annius +[Sidenote: _Annius_.] +hath gathered out of Berosus the Chaldean, who therein agréeth also with +[Sidenote: _Theophilus_.] +the scripture, the saieng of Theophilus the doctor, and the generall +consent of all writers, which fullie consent, that the first inhabitants +of this Ile came out of the parties of Gallia, although some of them +dissent about the time and maner of their comming. Sir Brian Tuke +[Sidenote: _Sir Brian Tuke_.] +thinketh it to be ment of the arriuall of Brute, when he came out of +[Sidenote: _Cæsar_.] +those countries into this Ile. Cæsar and Tacitus seeme to be of opinion, +that those Celts which first inhabited here, came ouer to view the +[Sidenote: _Tacitus_. +_Bodinus_.] +countrie for trade of merchandize. Bodinus would haue them to come in (a +Gods name) from Languedoc, and so to name this land Albion, of a citie in +[Sidenote: _Beda_. +_Polydor_.] +Languedoc named Albie. Beda, and likewise Polydore (who followeth him) +affirme that they came from the coasts of Armorica, which is now called +little Britaine. + +But that the authorities afore recited are sufficient to proue the time +that this Iland was first inhabited by the Celts, the old possessors of +Gallia; not onelie the néernesse of the regions, but the congruence +of languages, two great arguments of originals doo fullie confirme +[Sidenote: _Bodinus_.] +the same. Bodinus writeth vpon report, that the British and Celtike +language was all one. But whether that be true or not, I am not able to +affirme, bicause the Celtike toong is long sithens growne wholie out of +vse. Howbeit some such Celtike words as remaine in the writings of old +authours may be perceiued to agrée with the Welsh toong, being the +[Sidenote: _Pausanias_] +vncorrupted spéech of the ancient Britains. In déed Pausanias the +Grecian maketh mention how the Celts in their language called a horsse +_Marc_: and by that name doo the Welshmen call a horsse to this day: +and the word _Trimarc_ in Pausanias, signifieth in the Celtike toong, +thrée horsses. + +Thus it appeared by the authoritie of writers, by situation of place, and +by affinitie of language, that this Iland was first found and inhabited +by the Celts, that there name from Samothes to Albion continued here +the space of 310 yeares or there abouts. And finallie it is likelie, +[Sidenote: _Iohn Bale_.] +that aswell the progenie as the spéech of them is partlie remaining in +this Ile among the inhabitants, and speciallie the British, euen vnto +this day. + + * * * * * + + + + +_Of the giant Albion, of his comming into this Iland, diuers opinions why +it was called Albion: why Albion and Bergion were slaine by Hercules: of +Danaus and of his 50 daughters._ + + +THE THIRD CHAPTER. + + +[Sidenote: _Bale_. +_Annius de Viterbo_. +_Diodorus Sicubis_. +Pinnesses or gallies. +_Higinus_. +_Pictonius_.] +Neptunus called by Moses (as some take it) Nepthuim, the sixt sonne of +Osiris, after the account of Annius, and the brother of Hercules, had +appointed him of his father (as Diodorus writeth) the gouernement of the +ocean sea: wherefore he furnished himselfe of sundrie light ships for the +more redie passage by water, which in the end grew to the number of a +full nauie: & so by continuall exercise he became so skilfull, and +therewith so mightie vpon the waters (as Higinus & Pictonius doo write) +that he was not onelie called the king, but also estéemed the god of the +seas. He had to wife a ladie called Amphitrita, who was also honored as +goddesse of the seas, of whose bodie he begat sundrie children: and (as +Bale reporteth) he made euerie one of them king of an Iland. In the Ile +[Sidenote: _Scrip. Bri. cent._ 1.] +of Britaine he landed his fourth son called Albion the giant, who brought +the same vnder his subjection. And herevpon it resteth, that Iohn Textor, +[Sidenote: _Ioh. Textor_. +_Polydor_.] +and Polydor Virgil made mention, that light shippes were first inuented +in the British seas, and that the same were couered round with the hides +of beasts, for defending them from the surges and waues of the water. + +This Albion being put by his father in possession of this Ile of +Britaine, within short time subdued the Samotheans, the first +inhabitantes thereof, without finding any great resistance, for that (as +before ye haue heard) they had giuen ouer the practise of all warlike +and other painefull exercises, and through vse of effeminate pleasures, +wherevnto they had giuen themselues ouer, they were become now vnapt to +withstand the force of their enimies: and so (by the testimonie of +[Sidenote: _Nichol. Perot._ +_Rigmanus Philesius_. +_Aristotle_. +_Hum. Lhoyd_.] +Nicholaus Perottus, Rigmanus Philesius, Aristotle, and Humfrey Llhoyd, +with diuers other, both forraine & home-writers) this Iland was first +called by the name of Albion, hauing at one time both the name and +inhabitants changed from the line of Iaphet vnto the accursed race of Cham. + +This Albion (that thus changed the name of this Ile) and his companie, +are called giants, which signifieth none other than a tall kind of men, +of that vncorrupt stature and highnesse naturallie incident to the first +[Sidenote: _Berosus_.] +age (which Berosus also séemeth to allow, where he writeth, that Noah +was one of the giants) and were not so called only of their monstrous +greatnesse, as the common people thinke (although in deed they exceeded +the vsuall stature of men now in these daies) but also for that they +tooke their name of the soile where they were borne: for _Gigantes_ +[Sidenote: What _Gigantes_ signifie] +signifieth the sons of the earth: the Aborigines, or (as Cesar calleth +them) Indigenæ; that is, borne and bred out of the earth where they +inhabited. + +Thus some thinke, but verelie although that their opinion is not to be +allowed in any condition, which maintaine that there should be any +[Sidenote: _Against the opinion of the Aborigines_.] +Aborigines, or other kind of men than those of Adams line; yet that +there haue béene men of far greater stature than are now to be found, +is sufficientlie prooued by the huge bones of those that haue beene +found in our time, or lately before: whereof here to make further +relation it shall not need, sith in the description of Britaine ye +shall find it sufficientlie declared. + +[Sidenote: _Bale_. +Bergion brother to Albion. +Hercules Lybicus.] +But now to our purpose. As Albion held Britaine in subiection, so his +brother Bergion kept Ireland and the Orkenies vnder his rule and +dominion, and hearing that their coosine Hercules Lybicus hauing +finished his conquests in Spaine, meant to passe through Gallia into +Italie, against their brother Lestrigo that oppressed Italie, vnder +subiection of him & other of his brethren the sons also of Neptune; +as well Albion as Bergion assembling their powers togither, passed +ouer into Gallia, to stoppe the passage of Hercules, whose intention +was to vanquish and destroie those tyrants the sonnes of Neptune, & +their complices that kept diuers countries and regions vnder the +painefull yoke of their heauie thraldome. + +[Sidenote: The cause why Hercules pursued his cousins.] +The cause that moued Hercules thus to pursue vpon those tyrants now +reigning thus in the world, was, for that not long before, the greatest +part of them had conspired togither and slaine his father Osiris, +notwithstanding that they were nephues to the same Osiris, as sonnes to +his brother Neptune, and not contented with his slaughter, they diuided +his carcase also amongst them, so that each of them got a péece in token +of reioising at their murtherous atchiued enterprise. + +For this cause Hercules (whome Moses calleth Laabin) proclamed warres +against them all in reuenge of his fathers death: and first he killed +Triphon and Busiris in Aegypt, then Anteus in Mauritania, & the Gerions +in Spaine, which enterprise atchined, he led his armie towardes Italie, +and by the way passed through a part of Gallia, where Albion and Bergion +[Sidenote: _Pomp. Mela._] +hauing vnited their powers togither, were readie to receiue him with +battell: and so néere to the mouth of the riuer called Rhosne, in Latine +_Rhodanus_, they met & fought. At the first there was a right terrible +and cruell conflict betwixt them. And albeit that Hercules had the +greatest number of men, yet was it verie doubtfull a great while, to +whether part the glorie of that daies worke would bend. Whereupon when +the victorie began outright to turne vnto Albion, and to his brother +Bergion, Hercules perceiuing the danger and likelihood of vtter losse +of that battell, speciallie for that his men had wasted their weapons, +he caused those that stood still and were not otherwise occupied, to +stoope downe, and to gather vp stones, whereof in that place there was +great plentie, which by his commandement they bestowed so fréelie vpon +[Sidenote: Hercules discomfiteith his enimies. Albion is slaine.] +their enimies, that in the end hée obteined the victorie, and did not +only put his adversaries to flight, but also slue Albion there in the +field, togither with his brother Bergion, and the most part of all their +whole armie. This was the end of Albion, and his brother Bergion, by the +valiant prowesse of Hercules, who as one appointed by Gods prouidence to +subdue the cruell & vnmercifull tyrants, spent his time to the benefit +of mankind, deliuering the oppressed from the heauie yoke of miserable +thraldome, in euerie place where he came. + +[Sidenote: The occasion of the fable of Jupiter helping his son Hercules.] +And by the order of this battell wée maye learne whereof the poets had +their inuention, when they faine in their writings, that Jupiter holpe +his sonne Hercules, by throwing downe stones from heauen in this battell +against Albion and Bergion. Moreouer, from henceforth was this Ile of +[Sidenote: How this Ile was called Albion, of the giant Albion. +_Iohn Bale_.] +Britaine called Albion (as before we haue said) after the name of the +said Albion: because he was established chiefe ruler and king thereof +both by his grandfather Osiris and his father Neptune that cunning +sailour reigning therein (as Bale saith) by the space of 44. yeares, till +finally he was slaine in maner afore remembred by his vncle Hercules +Libicus. + +After that Hercules had thus vanquished and destroied his enimies, hée +passed to and fro thorough Gallia, suppressing the tyrants in euerie +part where he came, and restoring the people vnto a reasonable kinde of +libertie, vnder lawfull gouernours. This Hercules (as we find) builded +the citie Alexia in Burgongne, nowe called Alize. Moreouer, by Lilius +Giraldus in the life of Hercules it is auouched, that the same Hercules +came ouer hither into Britaine. And this dooth Giraldus write by warrant +of such Britons as (saith he) haue so written themselues, which thing +peraduenture he hath read in Gildas the ancient Briton poet: a booke that +(as he confesseth in the 5. dialog of his histories of poets) he hath +séene. The same thing also is confirmed by the name of an head of land +in Britaine called _Promontorium Herculis_, as in Ptolomie ye may read, +which is thought to take name of his arriuall at that place. Thus much +for Albion and Hercules. + +[Sidenote: Diuers opinions why this Ile was called Albion. +Sée more hereof in the discription.] +But now, whereas it is not denied of anie, that this +Ile was called ancientlie by the name of Albion: yet there be diuers +opinions how it came by that name: for manie doo not allow of this +historie of Albion the giant. But for so much as it apperteineth rather +to the description than to the historie of this Ile, to rip vp and lay +foorth the secret mysteries of such matters: and because I thinke that +this opinion which is here auouched, how it tooke that name of the +forsaid Albion, sonne to Neptune, may be confirmed with as good +authoritie as some of the other, I here passe ouer the rest, & procéed +with the historie. + +When Albion chiefe capteine of the giants was slaine, the residue that +remained at home in the Ile, continued without any rule or restraint of +law, in so much that they fell to such a dissolute order of life, that +they séemed little or nothing to differ from brute beasts: and those are +they which our ancient chronicles call the giants, who were so named, as +well for the huge proportion of their stature (sithens as before is said, +that age brought foorth far greater men than are now liuing) as also for +that they were the first, or at the least the furthest in remembrance +of any that had inhabited this countrie. For this word _Gigines_, or +_Gegines_, from whence our word giant (as some take it) is deriued, is a +Gréeke word, and signifieth, Borne or bred of or in the earth, for our +fore-elders, specially the Gentiles, being ignorant of the true beginning +of mankind, were persuaded, that the first inhabitants of any countrie +were bred out of the earth, and therefore when they could go no higher, +[Sidenote: _Terræ filius_ what it signifieth.] +reckoning the descents of their predecessours, they would name him _Terræ +filius_, The sonne of the earth: and so the giants whom the poets faine +to haue sought to make battell against heauen, are called the sonnes of +the earth: and the first inhabitants generally of euery countrie were of +the Gréekes called _Gigines_, or _Gegines_, and of the Latines +[Sidenote: _Aborigines_. +_Indigenæ_.] +_Aborigines_, and _Indigenæ_, that is, People borne of the earth from the +beginning, and comming from no other countrie, but bred within the same. + +These giants and first inhabitants of this Ile continued in their +beastlie kind of life vnto the arriuall of the ladies, which some of our +chronicles ignorantly write to be the daughters of Dioclesian the king +of Assyria, whereas in déed they haue béene deceiued, in taking the +[Sidenote: The mistaking of the name of Dioclesianus for Danaus.] +word _Danaus_ to be short written for _Dioclesianus_: and by the same +meanes haue diuers words and names béene mistaken, both in our chronicles, +and in diuers other ancient written woorks. But this is a fault that +learned men should not so much trouble themselues about, considering the +[Sidenote: _Hugh the Italian_. +_Harding_. +Iohn Rous_ out of _Dauid Pencair_.] +same hath bin alreadie found by sundrie authors ling sithens, as Hugh the +Italian, Iohn Harding, Iohn Rouse of Warwike, and others, +speciallie by the helpe of Dauid Pencair a British historie, who recite +the historie vnder the name of Danaus and his daughters. And because we +would not any man to thinke, that the historie of these daughters +of Danaus is onelie of purpose deuised, and brought in place of +Dioclesianus, to excuse the imperfection of our writers, whereas +there was either no such historie (or at the least no such women that +[Sidenote: _Nennius_.] +arriued in this Ile) the authoritie of Nennius a Briton writer may be +auouched, who wrote aboue 900. yeares past, and maketh mention of the +arriuall of such ladies. + +[Sidenote: Belus priscus. +_Danaidarium porticani_.](text unclear) +To be short, the historie is thus. Belus the sonne of Epaphus, or (as +some writers haue) of Neptune and Libies (whome Isis after the death +of Apis maried) had issue two sonnes: the first Danaus, called also +Armeus; and Aegyptus called also Rameses: these two were kings among +the Aegyptians, Danaus the elder of the two, hauing in his rule the +[Sidenote: Danaus. +Aegyptus. +_Higinus_.] +vpper region of Aegypt, had by sundrie wiues 50. daughters, with whome +his brother Aegyptus, gaping for the dominion of the whole, did +instantlie labour, that his sonnes being also 50. in number, might +match. But Danaus hauing knowledge by some prophesie or oracle, that +a sonne in law of his should be his death, refused so to bestow his +daughters. Hereupon grew warre betwixt the brethren, in the end +whereof, Danaus being the weaker, was inforced to flée his countrie, +and so prepared a nauie, imbarked himselfe and his daughters, and with +them passed ouer into Gréece, where he found meanes to dispossesse +Gelenor (sonne to Stenelas king of Argos) of his rightfull +inheritance, driuing him out of his countrie, and reigned in his place +by the assistance of the Argiues that had conceiued an hatred towardes +Gelenor, and a great liking towardes Danaus, who in verie deed did so +farre excell the kings that had reigned there before him, that the +Gréekes in remembrance of him were after called Danai. + +But his brother Aegyptus, taking great disdaine for that he and his +sonnes were in such sort despised of Danaus, sent his sonnes with a great +armie to make warre against their vncle, giuing them in charge not to +returne, till they had either slaine Danaus, or obtained his daughters +in mariage. The yoong gentlemen according to their fathers commandement, +being arriued in Greece, made such warre against Danaus, that in the end +he was constrained to giue vnto those his 50. nephues his 50. daughters, +to ioine with them in mariage, and so they were. But as the prouerbe +saith, "In trust appeared treacherie." For on the first night of the +mariage, Danaus deliuered to ech of his daughters a sword, charging them +that when their husbands after their bankets and pastimes were once +brought into a sound sléepe, ech of them should slea hir husband, +menacing them with death vnlesse they fulfilled his commandement. They +all therefore obeied the will of their father, Hypermnestra onely +excepted, with whom preuailed more the loue of kinred and wedlocke, than +the feare of hir fathers displeasure: for shee alone spared the life of +hir husband Lynceus, waking him out of his sléepe, and warning him to +depart and flée into Aegypt to his father. He therefore hauing all the +wicked practises reuealed to him by his wife, followed hir aduice, and so +escaped. + +[Sidenote: _Pausanias_.] +Now when Danaus perceiued how all his daughters had accomplished his +commandement, sauing onelie Hypermnestra, he caused hir to be brought +forth into iudgement, for disobeieng him in a matter wherein both the +safetie and losse of his life rested: but she was acquitted by the +Argiues, & discharged. Howbeit hir father kept hir in prison, and +séeking to find out other husbands for his other daughters that had +obeied his pleasure in sleaing their first husbands, long it was yer +he could find any to match with them: for the heinous offense committed +in the slaughter of their late husbands, was yet too fresh in memorie, +and their bloud not wiped out of mind. Neuerthelesse, to bring his +purpose the better to passe, he made proclamation, that his daughters +should demand no ioinctures, and euerie suter should take his choise +without respect to the age of the ladie, or abilitie of him that came to +make his choise, but so as first come best serued, according to their +owne phantasies and likings. Howbeit when this policie also failed, +& would not serue his turne, he deuised a game of running, ordeining +therewith, that whosoeuer got the best price should haue the first choise +among all the sisters; and he that got the second, should choose next to +the first; and so foorth, ech one after an other, according to the triall +of their swiftnesse of foote. + +How much this practise auailed, I know not: but certeine it is, diuers of +them were bestowed, either by this or some other meanes, for we find that +Autonomes was maried to Architeles, Chrysanta or (as Pausanias saith) +Scea was matched with Archandrus, Amaome with Neptunus Equestris, on +whome he begat Nauplius. + +[Sidenote: _Higinus_.] +But now to returne vnto Lynceus, whome his wife Hypermnestra preserued, as +before ye haue heard. After he was once got out of the reach and danger of +his father in law king Danaus, he gaue knowledge thereof to his wife, in +[Sidenote: _Pausanias_.] +raising a fire on heigth beaconwise, accordingly as she had requested him +to doo at his departure from hir: and this was at a place which afterwards +tooke name of him, and was called Lyncea. Upon his returne into Aegypt, he +gaue his father to vnderstand the whole circumstance of the trecherous +crueltie vsed by his vncle and his daughters in the murder of his +brethren, and how hardly he himselfe had escaped death out of his vncles +handes. Wherevpon at time conuenient he was furnished foorth with men and +ships by his father, for the spéedie reuenge of that heinous, vnnaturall +and most disloiall murder, in which enterprise he sped him foorth with +such diligence, that in short time he found meanes to dispatch his vncle +Danaus, set his wife Hypermnestra at libertie, and subdued the whole +kingdome of the Argiues. + +This done, he caused the daughters of Danaus (so many as remained within +the limits of his dominion) to be sent for, whome he thought not worthie +to liue, bicause of the cruell murther which they had committed on his +brethren: but yet for that they were his wiues sisters, he would not +put them to death, but commanded them to be thrust into a ship, without +maister, mate or mariner, and so to be turned into the maine ocean sea, +and to take and abide such fortune as should chance vnto them. These +[Sidenote: _Harding_ and _Iohn Rouse_ out of _David Pencair_.] +ladies thus imbarked and left to the mercy of the seas, by hap were +brought to the coasts of this Ile then called Albion, where they tooke +land, and in séeking to prouide themselues of victuals by pursute of +wilde beasts, met with no other inhabitants, than the rude and sauage +giants mentioned before, whome our historiens for their beastlie kind of +life doo call diuells. With these monsters did these ladies (finding none +other to satisfie the motions of their sensuall lust) ioine in the act of +venerie, and ingendred a race of people in proportion nothing differing +from their fathers that begat them, nor in conditions from their mothers +that bare them. + +But now peraduenture ye wil thinke that I haue forgotten my selfe, in +rehearsing this historie of the ladies arriuall here, bicause I make no +mention of Albina, which should be the eldest of the sisters, of whome +this land should also take the name of Albion. To this we answer, that as +the name of their father hath bene mistaken, so likewise hath the whole +course of the historie in this behalfe. For though we shall admit that +to be true which is rehearsed (in maner as before ye haue heard) of the +arriuall here of those ladies; yet certeine it is that none of them bare +the name of Albina, from whome this land might be called Albion. For +further assurance whereof, if any man be desirous to know all their +[Sidenote: _Higinus_. +The names of the daughters of Danaus.] +names, we haue thought good here to rehearse them as they be found in +Higinus, Pausanias, and others. 1 Idea, 2 Philomela, 3 Scillo, 4 Phìcomene, +5 Euippe, 6 Demoditas, 7 Hyale, 8 Trite, 9 Damone, 10 Hippothoe, 11 +Mirmidone, 12 Euridice, 13 Chleo, 14 Vrania, 15 Cleopatra, 16 Phylea, 17 +Hypareta, 18 Chrysothemis, 19 Heranta, 20 Armoaste, 21 Danaes, 22 Scea, +23 Glaucippe, 24 Demophile, 25 Autodice, 26 Polyxena, 27 Hecate, 28 +Achamantis, 29 Arsalte, 30 Monuste, 31 Amimone, 32 Helice, 33 Amaome, 34 +Polybe, 35 Helicte, 36 Electra, 37 Eubule, 38 Daphildice, 39 Hero, 40 +Europomene, 41 Critomedia, 42 Pyrene, 43 Eupheno, 44 Themistagora, 45 +Paleno, 46 Erato, 47 Autonomes, 48 Itea, 49 Chrysanta, 50 Hypermnestra. +These were the names of those ladies the daughters of Danaus: howbeit, +which they were that should arriue in this Ile, we can not say: but it +sufficeth to vnderstand, that none of them hight Albina. So that, whether +the historie of their landing here should be true or not, it is all one +for the matter concerning the name of this Ile, which vndoubtedlie was +[Sidenote: See more in the description.] +called Albion, either of Albion the giant (as before I haue said) or by +some other occasion. + +And thus much for the ladies, whose strange aduenture of their arriuall +here, as it may séeme to manie & (with good cause) incredible, so without +further auouching it for truth I leaue it to the consideration of the +reader, to thinke thereof as reason shall moue him sith I sée not how +either in this, or in other things of such antiquitie, we cannot haue +sufficient warrant otherwise than by likelie coniectures. Which as in +this historie of the ladies they are not most probable, yet haue we +shewed the likeliest, that (as we thinke) may be déemed to agrée with +those authors that haue written of their comming into this Ile. But as +for an assured proofe that this Ile was inhabited with people before the +comming of Brute, I trust it may suffice which before is recited out of +Annius de Viterbo, Theophilus, Gildas, and other, although much more +might be said: as of the comming hither of Osiris, as well as in the +[Sidenote: Vlysses in Britaine.] +other parties of the world: and likewise of Vlysses his being here, who +in performing some vow which he either then did make, or before had made, +erected an altar in that part of Scotland which was ancientlie called +[Sidenote: _Iulius Solinus_.] +Calidonia, as Iulius Solinus Polyhistor in plaine words dooth record. + +¶ Vpon these considerations I haue no doubt to deliuer vnto the reader, +the opinion of those that thinke this land to haue bene inhabited before +the arriuall here of Brute, trusting it may be taken in good part, +sith we haue but shewed the coniectures of others, till time that some +sufficient learned man shall take vpon him to decipher the doubts of all +these matters. Neuerthelesse, I thinke good to aduertise the reader that +these stories of Samothes, Magus, Sarron, Druis, and Bardus, doo relie +onelie vpon the authoritie of Berosus, whom most diligent antiquaries doo +reiect as a fabulous and counterfet author, and Vacerius hath laboured to +prooue the same by a speciall treatise latelie published at Rome. + + + + +THE END OF THE FIRST BOOKE + + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles (1 of 6): The Historie of +England (1 of 8), by Raphael Holinshed + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES (1 OF 6): THE *** + +***** This file should be named 16496-8.txt or 16496-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/4/9/16496/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Lesley Halamek and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Chronicles (1 of 6): The Historie of England (1 of 8) + From the Time That It Was First Inhabited, Vntill the Time + That It Was Last Conquered: Wherein the Sundrie Alterations + of the State Vnder Forren People Is Declared; And Other + Manifold Observations Remembred + +Author: Raphael Holinshed + +Release Date: August 9, 2005 [EBook #16496] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES (1 OF 6): THE *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Lesley Halamek and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + +<span class="page">[<a name="page424" id="page424">Page 424</a>]</span> + + <h5>THE</h5> + +<h1>HISTORIE OF ENGLAND,</h1> + +<h5>FROM</h5> + +<h3>THE TIME THAT IT WAS FIRST INHABITED,</h3> + +<h5>VNTILL</h5> + +<h3>THE TIME THAT IT WAS LAST CONQUERED:</h3> + +<h5>WHEREIN THE SUNDRIE ALTERATIONS OF THE STATE +VNDER FORREN PEOPLE IS DECLARED;<br /> +AND OTHER MANIFOLD OBSERVATIONS REMEMBRED:</h5> + + <hr class="medium" /> + +<h1><i>BY RAPHAEL HOLINSHED</i></h1> + + <hr class="medium" /> + +<h6>NOW NEWLIE READ OVER, AND DILIGENTLIE DIGESTED INTO BOOKES AND CHAPTERS,<br /> +WITH THEIR SEUERALL ARGUMENTS PREFIXED, CONTEINING AN ABRIDGEMENT<br /> +OF THE WHOLE HISTORIE, FOR THE HELPE OF THE READERS<br /> +IUDGEMENT AND MEMORIE:</h6> + +<h4>WITH TWO TABLES OF PARTICULARS,</h4> + +<h6>THE ONE SERVING THE DESCRIPTION, THE OTHER THE HISTORIE:</h6> + +<h3><i>BY ABRAHAM FLEMING.</i></h3> + + <hr class="medium" /> + +<h4>LAUS HISTORIÆ EX I. LELANDO.</h4> + +<h6>QUOD SOL ÆTHEREO PRÆSTAT PULCHERRIMUS ORDI,<br /> +HISTORIA HUMANIS VBIBUS HOC TRIBUIT.</h6> + +<br /><br /><br /> + <hr class="full" /> +<h2><span class="smcaps"> Contents</span> </h2> + +<table width="80%" align="center" border="0" summary="contents"> +<tr> + <td class="left" width="70%"> </td> + <td class="right" valign="top">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> + + <td class="left" width="70%" valign="top"> + <a class="contents" href="#page427">THE FIRST CHAPTER</a></td> + <td class="right" valign="top"><a href="#page427">427</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + + <td class="left" width="70%" valign="top"> + <a class="contents" href="#second">THE SECOND CHAPTER</a></td> + <td class="right" valign="top"><a href="#page428">428</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + + <td class="left" width="70%" valign="top"> + <a class="contents" href="#appendix">AN APPENDIX TO THE FORMER CHAPTER</a></td> + <td class="right" valign="top"><a href="#page431">431</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + + <td class="left" width="70%" valign="top"> + <a class="contents" href="#third">THE THIRD CHAPTER</a></td> + <td class="right" valign="top"><a href="#page432">432</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + + + <hr class="full" /><br /><br /><br /> +<span class="page">[<a name="page425" id="page425">Page 425</a>]</span> + +<h5>TO</h5> + +<h3>THE READERS STUDIOUS IN HISTORIES.</h3> +<br /> + + <hr /> + +<p> +The order obserued in the description of Britaine, by reason of the +necessarie diuision thereof into bookes and chapters growing out of +the varietie of matters therein conteined, seemed (in my iudgement) so +conuenient a course deuised by the writer, as I was easilie induced +thereby to digest the historie of England immediatlie following into the +like method: so that as in the one, so likewise in the other, by summarie +contents foregoing euerie chapter, as also by certeine materiall titles +added at the head of euerie page of the said historie, it is a thing of +no difficultie to comprehend what is discoursed and discussed in the +same. +</p> +<p> +Wherein (sith histories are said to be the registers of memorie and the +monuments of veritie) all louers of knowlege, speciallie historicall, +are aduisedlie to marke (among other points) the seuerall and successiue +alterations of regiments in this land: whereof it was my meaning to haue +<span class="rightnote"> +Pag. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 26, 27, 28, 49, 50, 51, of the +description: and pag. 765, 766, of the historie of England.</span> +made an abstract, but that the same is sufficientlie handled in the first +booke and fourth chapter of the description of Britaine; whereto if the +seuenth chapter of the same booke be also annexed, there is litle or no +defect at all in that case wherof iustlie to make complaint.</p> +<p> +Wherfore by remitting the readers to those, I reape this aduantage, +namelie a discharge of a forethought & purposed labour, which as to +reduce into some plausible forme was a worke both of time, paine and +studie: so seeming vnlikelie to be comprised in few words (being a matter +of necessarie and important obseruation) occasion of tediousnes is to and +fro auoided; speciallie to the reader, who is further to be aduertised, +that the computations of yeares here and there expressed, according to +the indirect direction of the copies whense they were deriued and drawne, +is not so absolute (in some mens opinion) as it might haue beene: howbeit +iustifiable by their originals.</p> +<p> +Wherin hereafter (God prolonging peace in the church and commonwelth<span class="page">[<a name="page426" id="page426">Page 426</a>]</span> +that the vse of bookes may not be abridged) such diligent care shall be +had, that in whatsoeuer the helpe of bookes will doo good, or conference +with antiquaries auaile, there shall want no will to vse the one and the +other. And yet it is not a worke for euerie common capacitie, naie it is +a toile without head or taile euen for extraordinarie wits, to correct +the accounts of former ages so many hundred yeares receiued, out of +vncerteinties to raise certeinties, and to reconcile writers dissenting +in opinion and report. But as this is vnpossible, so is no more to be +looked for than may be performed: and further to inquire as it is against +reason, so to vndertake more than may commendablie be atchiued, were +fowle follie.</p> +<span class="right"> +ABRAHAM FLEMING.</span> +<br /><br /><br /><br /> +<hr /> + + + + +<span class="page">[<a name="page427" id="page427">Page 427</a>]</span> +<h3>THE FIRST BOOKE</h3> + +<h5>OF THE</h5> + +<h2>HISTORIE OF ENGLAND.</h2> + + + <hr /><br /><br /> +<a name="first" id="first"></a> +<p> +<i>Who inhabited this Iland before the comming of Brute: of Noah & his +three sonnes, among whom the whole earth was diuided: and to which of +their portions this Ile of Britaine befell.</i></p> + + + +<h3>THE FIRST CHAPTER.</h3> + +<p> +What manner of people did first inhabite this our country, which hath +most generallie and of longest continuance béene knowne among all nations +by the name of Britaine as yet is not certeinly knowne; neither can it be +decided frō whence the first inhabitants there of came, by reason of +such diuersitie in iudgements as haue risen amongst the learned in this +<span class="rightnote"> +The originall of nations for the most part vncerteine.</span> +behalfe. But sith the originall in maner of all nations is doubtfull, and +euen the same for the more part fabulous (that alwaies excepted which we +find in the holie scriptures) I wish not any man to leane to that which +shall be here set downe as to an infallible truth, sith I doo but onlie +shew other mens conjectures, grounded neuerthelesse vpon likelie reasons, +concerning that matter whereof there is now left but little other +certeintie, or rather none at all.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote"> +Whither Britaine were an Iland at the first. <i>Geog. com. lib.</i> +No Ilands at the first, as some coniecture.</span> +To fetch therefore the matter from the farthest, and so to stretch it +forward, it séemeth by the report of Dominicus Marius Niger that in the +beginning, when God framed the world, and diuided the waters apart from +the earth, this Ile was then a parcell of the continent, and ioined +without any separation of sea to the maine land. But this opinion (as all +other the like vncerteinties) I leaue to be discussed of by the learned: +howbeit for the first inhabitation of this Ile with people, I haue +thought good to set downe in part, what may be gathered out of such +writers as haue touched that matter, and may séeme to giue some light +vnto the knowledge thereof.</p> + +<p><span class="rightnote"> +In the first part of the acts of the English votaries. +Britaine inhabitied before the floud. <i>Genesis 6. Berosus ant. lib</i>. 1.</span> +First therefore Iohn Bale our countrieman, who in his time greatlie +trauelled in the search of such antiquities, dooth probablie coniecture, +that this land was inhabited and replenished with people long before the +floud, at that time in the which the generation of mankind (as Moses +writeth) began to multiplie vpon the vniuersall face of the earth: and +therfore it followeth, that as well this land was inhabited with people +long before the daies of Noah, as any the other countries and parts +of the world beside. But when they had once forsaken the ordinances +appointed them by God, and betaken them to new waies inuented of +themselues, such loosenesse of life ensued euerie where, as brought vpon +them the great deluge and vniuersall floud, in the which perished as well +the inhabitants of these quarters, as the residue of the race of mankind, +generallie dispersed in euerie other part of the whole world, onelie Noah +& his familie excepted, who by the prouidence and pleasure of almightie +God was preserued from the rage of those waters, to recontinue and +repaire the new generation of man of vpon earth.</p> +<p><span class="rightnote"> +Noah. <i>In comment. super 4. lib. Berosus de antiquit. +lib. 1 Annius vt suor</i>.</span> +After the flood (as Annius de Viterbo recordeth) and reason also<span class="page">[<a name="page428" id="page428">Page 428</a>]</span> +enforceth, Noah was the onlie monarch of all the world, and as the same +Annius gathereth by the account of Moses in the 100. yeare after the +flood, Noah diuided the earth among his thrée sonnes; assigning to the +possession of his eldest sonne all that portion of land which now is +knowne by the name of Asia; to his second sonne Cham, he appointed all +that part of the world which now is called Affrica: and to his third +sonne Iaphet was allotted all Europa, with all the Iles therto belonging, +wherin among other was conteined this our Ile of Britaine, with the other +Iles thereto perteining.</p> +<p> +<span class="rightnote"> +IAPHET AND HIS SONNES. <i>Johannes Bodinus ad fac. hist. cogn. +Franciscus Tarapha.</i></span> +Iaphet the third son of Noah, of some called Iapetus, and of others, +Atlas Maurus (because he departed this life in Mauritania) was the first +(as Bodinus affirmeth by the authoritie and consent of the Hebrue, Gréeke +& Latine writers) that peopled the countries of Europe, which afterward +he diuided among his sonnes: of whom Tuball (as Tarapha affirmeth) +obteined the kingdome of Spaine. Gomer had dominion ouer the Italians, +and (as Berosus and diuers other authors agrée) Samothes was the founder +of Celtica, which conteined in it (as Bale witnesseth) a great part of +Europe, but speciallie those countries which now are called by the names +of Gallia and Britannia.</p> +<p><span class="rightnote"> +Britaine inhabited shortlie after the floud. </span> +Thus was this Iland inhabited and peopled within 200 yéeres after the +floud by the children of Iaphet the sonne of Noah: & this is not onlie +prooued by Annius, writing vpon Berosus, but also confirmed by Moses in +the scripture, where he writeth, that of the offspring of Iaphet, the +Iles of the Gentiles (wherof Britain is one) were sorted into regions in +the time of Phaleg the sonne of Hiber, who was borne at the time of the +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>Theophilus episcop. Antioch. ad Anfol lib. 2.</i> The words of +Theophilus a doctor of the church, who liued an. Dom. 160.</span> +diuision of languages. Herevpon Theophilus hath these words: "Cùm priscis +temporibus pauci forent homines in Arabia & Chaldæa, post linguarum +diuisionem aucti & multiplicati paulatim sunt: hinc quidam abierunt +versus orientem, quidam concessere ad partes maioris continentis, alij +porrò profecti sunt ad septentrionem sedes quæsituri, nec priùs desierunt +terram vbiq; occupare, quàm etiam Britannos in Arctois climatibus +accesserint, &c." <i>That is;</i> "When at the first there were not manie +men in Arabia and Chaldæa, it came to passe, that after the diuision of +toongs, they began somewhat better to increase and multiplie, by which +occasion some of them went toward the east, and some toward the parts of +the great maine land: diuers of them went also northwards to seeke them +dwelling places, neither staid they to replenish the earth as they went, +till they came vnto the Iles of Britaine, lieng vnder the north pole." +Thus far Theophilus.</p> +<p> +These things considered, Gildas the Britaine had great reason to thinke, +that this countrie had bene inhabited from the beginning. And Polydor +Virgil was with no lesse consideration hereby induced to confesse, that +the Ile of Britaine had receiued inhabitants foorthwith after the floud.</p> + + <hr /><br /><br /> + +<a name="second" id="second"></a> +<p> +<i>Of Samothes, Magus, Sarron, Druis, and Bardus, fiue kings succeeding +each other in regiment ouer the Celts and Samotheans, and how manie +hundred yeeres the Celts inhabited this Iland.</i></p> + + +<h3>THE SECOND CHAPTER.</h3> + +<p> +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>Gen. 2.</i></span> +Samothes the sixt begotten sonne of Iaphet called by Moses Mesech, by +<span class="leftnote"> +<i>De migr. gen.</i></span> +others Dis, receiued for his portion (according to the report of +Wolfgangus Lazius) all the countrie lieng betwéene the riuer of Rhene +and the Pyrenian mountains, where he founded the kingdome of Celtica +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>Cent. 1.</i></span> +ouer his people called Celtæ. Which name Bale affirmeth to haue bene +indifferent to the inhabitants both of the countrie of Gallia, and the +<span class="leftnote"> +<i>Anti. lib. 1. Bale Script. Brit. cent.1.</i></span> +Ile of Britaine, & that he planted colonies of men (brought foorth of +the east parts) in either of them, first in the maine land, and after +in the Iland. He is reported by Berosus to haue excelled all men of +that age in learning and knowledge: and also is thought by Bale to +haue imparted the same among his people; namelie, the vnderstanding<span class="page">[<a name="page429" id="page429">Page 429</a>]</span> +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>Cæsar. comment. lib.8.</i> </span> +of the sundrie courses of the starres, the order of inferiour things, +with manie other matters incident to the morall and politike gouernment +of mans life: and to haue deliuered the same in the Phenician letters: +out of which the Gréekes (according to the opinion of Archilochus) +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>In epithet. temp. De æquinorus contra Appionem.</i></span> +deuised & deriued the Gréeke characters, insomuch that Xenophon and +Iosephus doo constantlie report (although Diogenes Laertius be against +it) that both the Gréekes and other nations receiued their letters and +learning first from these countries. Of this king and his learning arose +<span class="leftnote"> +<i>Lib. de Magic. success. lib. 22.</i></span> +a sect of philosophers (saith Annius) first in Britaine, and after in +Gallia, the which of his name were called Samothei. They (as Aristotle +and Secion write) were passing skilfull both in the law of God and man: +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>Script. Brit. cent. I.</i></span> +and for that cause excéedinglie giuen to religion, especiallie the +inhabitants of this Ile of Britaine, insomuch that the whole nation +did not onelie take the name of them, but the Iland it selfe (as Bale +<span class="leftnote"> +<i>De ant. Cant. cent. lib. I.</i></span> +and doctor Caius agree) came to be called Samothea, which was the first +peculiar name that euer it had, and by the which it was especiallie +<span class="rightnote"> +This Ile called Samothea.</span> +knowne before the arriuall of Albion.</p> +<p><span class="leftnote"> +MAGUS THE SON OF SAMOTHES. <i>Lib. 9.</i> +<i> Annius in commen. super eundem. Geogr.</i></span> +Magus the sonne of Samothes, after the death of his +father, was the second king of Celtica, by whome (as Berosus writeth) +there were manie townes builded among the Celts, which by the witnesse +of Annius did beare the addition of their founder Magus: of which townes +diuers are to be found in Ptolomie. And Antoninus a painfull surueior of +the world and searcher of cities, maketh mention of foure of them here +in Britaine, Sitomagus, Neomagus, Niomagus, and Nouiomagus. Neomagus +sir Thomas Eliot writeth to haue stood where the citie of Chester now +standeth; Niomagus, George Lillie placeth where the towne of Buckingham +is now remaining. Beside this, Bale dooth so highlie commend the foresaid +Magus for his learning renowmed ouer all the world, that he would haue +the Persians, and other nations of the south and west parts, to deriue +the name of their diuines called <i>Magi</i> from him. In déed Rauisius +Textor, and sir Iohn Prise affirme, that in the daies of Plinie, the +Britons were so expert in art magike, that they might be thought to haue +first deliuered the same to the Persians. What the name of <i>Magus</i> +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>De diui. lib. 1. De fastis li. 5.</i></span> +importeth, and of what profession the <i>Magi</i> were, Tullie declareth at large, and + Mantuan in briefe, after this maner:</p> +<blockquote> + Ille penes Persas Magus est, qui sidera norit,<br /> + Qui sciat herbarum vires cultúmq; deorum,<br /> + Persepoli facit ista Magos prudentia triplex.<br /><br /> + + The Persians terme him Magus, that <br /> + the course of starres dooth knowe, <br /> + The power of herbs, and worship due<br /> + to God that man dooth owe,<br /> + By threefold knowledge thus the name<br /> + of Magus then dooth growe. +<span class="rightnote"> + <i>H.F.</i></span></blockquote> + +<p><span class="leftnote"> +SARRON THE SON OF MAGUS. <i>De ant. Cant. lib. 1.</i></span> +<span class="rightnote"> +Bale. script. Brit. cent. I.</span> +Sarron the third king of the Celts succéeded his father Magus in +gouernement of the countrie of Gallia, and the Ile Samothea, wherein as +(D. Caius writeth) he founded certaine publike places for them that +professed learning, which Berosus affirmeth to be done, to the intent +to restraine the wilfull outrage of men, being as then but raw and void +of all ciuilitie. Also it is thought by Annius, that he was the first +author of those kind of philosophers, which were called Sarronides, of +whom Diodorus Siculus writeth in this sort: "There are (saith he) among +<span class="rightnote"> +Lib. 6.</span> +the Celts certaine diuines and philosophers called Sarronides, whom +aboue all other they haue in great estimation. For it is the manner +among them, not without a philosopher to make anie sacrifice: sith they +are of beléefe, that sacrifices ought onelie to be made by such as are +skilfull in the diuine mysteries, as of those who are néerest vnto God, +by whose intercession they thinke all good things are to be required of +God, and whose aduise they vse and follow, as well in warre as in peace."</p> +<p><span class="rightnote"> +DRUIS THE SON OF SARRON. <i>De morte Claud</i>. </span> +Druis, whom Seneca calleth Dryus, being the sonne of Sarron, was after +his father established the fourth king of Celtica, indifferentlie +reigning as wel ouer the Celts as Britons, or rather (as the inhabitants +of this Ile were then called) Samotheans. This prince is commended by +Berosus to be so plentifullie indued with wisedome and learning, that<span class="page">[<a name="page430" id="page430">Page 430</a>]</span> +Annius taketh him to be the vndoubted author of the begining and name of +the philosophers called Druides, whome Cæsar and all other ancient +Gréeke and Latine writers doo affirme to haue had their begining in +Britaine, and to haue bin brought from thence into Gallia, insomuch that +when there arose any doubt in that countrie touching any point of their +discipline, they did repaire to be resolued therein into Britaine, where, +speciallie in the Ile of Anglesey (as Humfrey Llhoyd witnesseth) they +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>Anti. lib. 5. Annius super eundem. +De bello Gallico. lib. 9. +De bello Gallico. 6.</i></span> +made their principall abode. Touching their vsages many things are +written by Aristotle, Socion, Plinie, Laertius, Bodinus, and others: +which I will gather in briefe, and set downe as followeth. They had +(as Cæsar saith) the charge of common & priuate sacrifices, the +discussing of points of religion, the bringing vp of youth, the +determining of matters in variance with full power to interdict so manie +from the sacrifice of their gods and the companie of men, as disobeied +<span class="leftnote"> +<i>Hist. an. lib. 1.</i></span> +their award. Polydore affirmeth, how they taught, that mens soules could +not die, but departed from one bodie to another, and that to the intent +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>De diui. lib. 1.</i></span> +to make men valiant and dreadlesse of death. Tullie writeth, that +partlie by tokens, and partlie by surmises, they would foretell things +to come. And by the report of Hector Boetius, some of them were not +ignorant of the immortalitie of the one and euerlasting God. All these +<span class="leftnote"> +<i>Hist. Scoti. li. 2. De migr. gen. lib. 2. Marcellinus.</i></span> +things they had written in the Greeke toong, insomuch that Wolf. Lazius +(vpon the report of Marcellinus) declareth how the Gréeke letters were +first brought to Athens by Timagenes from the Druides. And herevpon it +commeth also to passe, that the British toong hath in it remaining at +this day some smacke of the Gréeke. Among other abuses of the Druides, +they had (according to Diodorus) one custome to kill men, and by the +falling, bleeding, and dismembring of them, to diuine of things to come: +for the which and other wicked practises, their sect was first condemned +for abhominable (as some haue written) and dissolued in Gallia (as +Auentinus witnesseth) by Tiberius and Claudius the emperours; and +<span class="leftnote"> +<i>Anna. Boiorum. lib. 22.</i></span> +lastlie abolished here in Britaine (by the report of Caius) when the +gospell of Christ by the preaching of Fugatius and Damianus was receiued +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>De ant. Cant.</i></span> +among the Britaines, vnder Lucius king of Britaine, about the yeare of +our sauior, 179.</p> +<p><span class="rightnote"> +BARDUS THE SONNE OF DRUIS. +<i>Berosus ant. lib. 2. +Annius in commen. super eundem. +Ant. Cant li. 1. script. Britan. cent. 1. +Nonnius. +Marcel. Strabo. Diodor. Sicul. +lib. 6. Carol. Stepha. in dict. hist. Bale. Iohn Prise.</i></span> +Bardus the sonne of Druis succéeded his father in the kingdome of +Celtica, and was the fift king ouer the Celtes and Samotheans, amongst +whom he was highlie renoumed (as appeareth by Berosus) for inuention of +dities and musicke, wherein Annius of Viterbo writeth, that he trained +his people: and of such as excelled in this knowledge, he made an order +of philosophicall poets or heraulds, calling them by his owne name Bardi. +And it should séeme by doctor Caius and master Bale, that Cæsar found +some of them here at his arriuall in this Ile, and reported that they had +also their first begining in the same. The profession and vsages of these +Bardi, Nonnius, Strabo, Diodorus, Stephanus, Bale, and sir Iohn Prise, +are in effect reported after this sort. They did vse to record the +noble exploits of the ancient capteins, and to drawe the pedegrées and +genealogies of such as were liuing. They would frame pleasant dities and +songs, learne the same by heart, and sing them to instruments at solemne +feasts and assemblies of noble men and gentlemen. Wherefore they were had +in so high estimation, that if two hosts had bene readie ranged to ioine +in battell, and that any of them had fortuned to enter among them, both +the hosts (as well the enimies as the friends) would haue holden their +hands, giuen eare vnto them, and ceassed from fight, vntill these Bards +<span class="leftnote"> +<i>Lucan. lib. 1.</i></span> +had gone out of the battell. Of these Bards Lucane saith,</p> +<blockquote> + Vos quoq; qui fortes animas bellóq; peremptas,<br /> + Laudius in longum vares dimittítis æuum,<br /> + Plurima securi fudistis carmina Bardi:<br /><br /> + +<span class="rightnote"> + <i>II. F.</i></span> + And you ô poet Bards from danger<br /> + void that dities sound,<br /> + Of soules of dreadlesse men, whom rage<br /> + of battell would confound, <br /> + And make their lasting praise to time<br /> + of later age rebound.</blockquote> + +<p> +Because the names of these poets were neither discrepant from the<span class="page">[<a name="page431" id="page431">Page 431</a>]</span> +ciuilitie of the Romans, nor repugnant to the religion of the Christians, +they (of all the other sects before specified) were suffered onlie to +continue vnabolished in all ages, insomuch that there flourished of +them among the Britains (according to Bale) before the birth of Christ, +<span class="leftnote"> +<i>Iohn Bale script. Britan. cent. 2. +John Prise defen hist. Brit. Caius de ant. Cant. lib. 1. Iohn Leland +syllab. ant dict. Hum. Lloyd de Mona insula</i></span> +Plenidius and Oronius: after Christ (as Prise recounteth) Thalestine, +and the two Merlins, Melkin, Elaskirion, and others: and of late daies +among the Welshmen, Dauid Die, Ioslo Gough, Dauid ap William, with an +infinite number more. And in Wales there are sundrie of them (as Caius +reporteth) remaining vnto this day, where they are in their language +called (as Leland writeth) Barthes. Also by the witnes of Humfrey Llhoyd, +there is an Iland néere vnto Wales, called Insula Bardorum, and Bardsey, +whereof the one name in Latine, and the other in Saxon or old English, +signifieth the Iland of the Bardes or Barthes.</p> +<p> +<i>Thus farré the gouernement of the Celts in this Ile</i></p> + +<hr /><br /><br /> + +<a name="appendix" id="appendix"></a> +<h3>AN APPENDIX TO THE FORMER CHAPTER.</h3> +<p><span class="rightnote"> +<i>Bale</i> </span> +After Bardus, the Celts (as Bale saith) loathing the streict ordinances +of their ancient kings, and betaking themselues to pleasure and idlenesse, +were in short time, and with small labour brought vnder the subiection of +the giant Albion, the sonne of Neptune, who altering the state of things +in this Iland, streicted the name of Celtica and the Celts within the +bounds of Gallia, from whence they came first to inhabit this land vnder +the conduct of Samothes, as before ye haue heard, accordinglie as Annius +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>Annius</i></span> +hath gathered out of Berosus the Chaldean, who therein agréeth also with +<span class="leftnote"> +<i>Theophilus.</i></span> +the scripture, the saieng of Theophilus the doctor, and the generall +consent of all writers, which fullie consent, that the first inhabitants +of this Ile came out of the parties of Gallia, although some of them +dissent about the time and maner of their comming. Sir Brian Tuke +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>Sir Brian Tuke</i></span> +thinketh it to be ment of the arriuall of Brute, when he came out of +<span class="leftnote"> +<i>Cæsar.</i></span><br /> +those countries into this Ile. Cæsar and Tacitus seeme to be of opinion, +that those Celts which first inhabited here, came ouer to view the +<span class="leftnote"> +<i>Tacitus. Bodinus.</i></span> +countrie for trade of merchandize. Bodinus would haue them to come in (a +Gods name) from Languedoc, and so to name this land Albion, of a citie in +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>Beda. Polydor.</i></span> +Languedoc named Albie. Beda, and likewise Polydore (who followeth him) +affirme that they came from the coasts of Armorica, which is now called +little Britaine.</p> +<p> +But that the authorities afore recited are sufficient to proue the time +that this Iland was first inhabited by the Celts, the old possessors of +Gallia; not onelie the néernesse of the regions, but the congruence +of languages, two great arguments of originals doo fullie confirme +<span class="leftnote"> +<i>Bodinus.</i></span> +the same. Bodinus writeth vpon report, that the British and Celtike +language was all one. But whether that be true or not, I am not able to +affirme, bicause the Celtike toong is long sithens growne wholie out of +vse. Howbeit some such Celtike words as remaine in the writings of old +authours may be perceiued to agrée with the Welsh toong, being the +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>Pausanias</i></span> +vncorrupted spéech of the ancient Britains. In déed Pausanias the +Grecian maketh mention how the Celts in their language called a horsse +<i>Marc</i>: and by that name doo the Welshmen call a horsse to this day: +and the word <i>Trimarc</i> in Pausanias, signifieth in the Celtike toong, +thrée horsses.</p> + +<p> +Thus it appeared by the authoritie of writers, by situation of place, and +by affinitie of language, that this Iland was first found and inhabited +by the Celts, that there name from Samothes to Albion continued here +the space of 310 yeares or there abouts. And finallie it is likelie, +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>Iohn Bale.</i></span> +that aswell the progenie as the spéech of them is partlie remaining in +this Ile among the inhabitants, and speciallie the British, euen vnto +this day.</p> + + <hr /><br /><br /> + +<a name="third" id="third"></a> +<p><span class="page">[<a name="page432" id="page432">Page 432</a>]</span> +<i>Of the giant Albion, of his comming into this Iland, diuers opinions why +it was called Albion: why Albion and Bergion were slaine by Hercules: of +Danaus and of his 50 daughters.</i></p> + + + + + +<h3>THE THIRD CHAPTER.</h3> + + +<p><span class="rightnote"> +<i>Bale. Annius de Viterbo. Diodorus Sicubis.</i> Pinnesses or +gallies. <i>Higinus. Pictonius.</i></span> +Neptunus called by Moses (as some take +it) Nepthuim, the sixt sonne of Osiris, after the account of Annius, and +the brother of Hercules, had appointed him of his father (as Diodorus +writeth) the gouernement of the ocean sea: wherefore he furnished +himselfe of sundrie light ships for the more redie passage by water, +which in the end grew to the number of a full nauie: & so by continuall +exercise he became so skilfull, and therewith so mightie vpon the waters +(as Higinus & Pictonius doo write) that he was not onelie called the +king, but also estéemed the god of the seas. He had to wife a ladie +called Amphitrita, who was also honored as goddesse of the seas, of whose +bodie he begat sundrie children: and (as Bale reporteth) he made euerie +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>Scrip. Bri. cent.</i> 1.</span> +one of them king of an Iland. In the Ile of Britaine he landed his fourth +son called Albion the giant, who brought the same vnder his subjection. +<span class="leftnote"> +<i>Ioh. Textor. Polydor.</i></span> +And herevpon it resteth, that Iohn Textor, and Polydor Virgil made mention, +that light shippes were first inuented in the British seas, and that the +same were couered round with the hides of beasts, for defending them from +the surges and waues of the water.</p> + +<p> +This Albion being put by his father in possession of this Ile of +Britaine, within short time subdued the Samotheans, the first +inhabitantes thereof, without finding any great resistance, for that (as +before ye haue heard) they had giuen ouer the practise of all warlike +and other painefull exercises, and through vse of effeminate pleasures, +wherevnto they had giuen themselues ouer, they were become now vnapt to +withstand the force of their enimies: and so (by the testimonie of +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>Nichol. Perot. Rigmanus Philesius. Aristotle. Hum Lhoyd.</i></span> +Nicholaus Perottus, Rigmanus Philesius, Aristotle, and Humfrey Llhoyd, +with diuers other, both forraine & home-writers) this Iland was first +called by the name of Albion, hauing at one time both the name and +inhabitants changed from the line of Iaphet vnto the accursed race of Cham.</p> +<p> +This Albion (that thus changed the name of this Ile) and his companie, +are called giants, which signifieth none other than a tall kind of men, +of that vncorrupt stature and highnesse naturallie incident to the first +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>Berosus.</i></span> +age (which Berosus also séemeth to allow, where he writeth, that Noah +was one of the giants) and were not so called only of their monstrous +greatnesse, as the common people thinke (although in deed they exceeded +the vsuall stature of men now in these daies) but also for that they +tooke their name of the soile where they were borne: for <i>Gigantes</i> +<span class="rightnote"> +What <i>Gigantes</i> signifie</span> +signifieth the sons of the earth: the Aborigines, or (as Cesar calleth +them) Indigenæ; that is, borne and bred out of the earth where they +inhabited.</p> + +<p> +Thus some thinke, but verelie although that their opinion is not to be +allowed in any condition, which maintaine that there should be any +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>Against the opinion of the Aborigines.</i></span> +Aborigines, or other kind of men than those of Adams line; yet that +there haue béene men of far greater stature than are now to be found, +is sufficientlie prooued by the huge bones of those that haue beene +found in our time, or lately before: whereof here to make further +relation it shall not need, sith in the description of Britaine ye +shall find it sufficientlie declared. +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>Bale.</i> Bergion brother to Albion. Hercules Lybicus.</span> +But now to our purpose. As Albion held Britaine in subiection, so his brother +Bergion kept Ireland and the Orkenies vnder his rule and dominion, and +hearing that their coosine Hercules Lybicus hauing finished his conquests +in Spaine, meant to passe through Gallia into Italie, against their +brother Lestrigo that oppressed Italie, vnder subiection of him & other +of his brethren the sons also of Neptune; as well Albion as Bergion +assembling their powers togither, passed ouer into Gallia, to stoppe the +passage of Hercules, whose intention was to vanquish and destroie those +tyrants the sonnes of Neptune, & their complices that kept diuers +countries and regions vnder the painefull yoke of their heauie thraldome.</p> +<p><span class="rightnote"> +The cause why Hercules pursued his cousins</span> +The cause that moued Hercules thus to pursue vpon those tyrants now<span class="page">[<a name="page433" id="page433">Page 433</a>]</span> +reigning thus in the world, was, for that not long before, the greatest +part of them had conspired togither and slaine his father Osiris, +notwithstanding that they were nephues to the same Osiris, as sonnes to +his brother Neptune, and not contented with his slaughter, they diuided +his carcase also amongst them, so that each of them got a péece in token +of reioising at their murtherous atchiued enterprise.</p> + +<p> +For this cause Hercules (whome Moses calleth Laabin) proclamed warres +against them all in reuenge of his fathers death: and first he killed +Triphon and Busiris in Aegypt, then Anteus in Mauritania, & the Gerions +in Spaine, which enterprise atchined, he led his armie towardes Italie, +and by the way passed through a part of Gallia, where Albion and Bergion +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>Pomp. Mela</i>.</span> +hauing vnited their powers togither, were readie to receiue him with +battell: and so néere to the mouth of the riuer called Rhosne, in Latine +<i>Rhodanus,</i> they met & fought. At the first there was a right terrible +and cruell conflict betwixt them. And albeit that Hercules had the +greatest number of men, yet was it verie doubtfull a great while, to +whether part the glorie of that daies worke would bend. Whereupon when +the victorie began outright to turne vnto Albion, and to his brother +Bergion, Hercules perceiuing the danger and likelihood of vtter losse +of that battell, speciallie for that his men had wasted their weapons, +he caused those that stood still and were not otherwise occupied, to +stoope downe, and to gather vp stones, whereof in that place there was +great plentie, which by his commandement they bestowed so fréelie vpon +<span class="rightnote"> +Hercules discomfiteith his enimies. Albion is slaine</span> +their enimies, that in the end hée obteined the victorie, and did not +only put his adversaries to flight, but also slue Albion there in the +field, togither with his brother Bergion, and the most part of all their +whole armie. This was the end of Albion, and his brother Bergion, by the +valiant prowesse of Hercules, who as one appointed by Gods prouidence to +subdue the cruell & vnmercifull tyrants, spent his time to the benefit +of mankind, deliuering the oppressed from the heauie yoke of miserable +thraldome, in euerie place where he came.</p> + +<p><span class="rightnote"> +The occasion of the fable of Jupiter helping his son Hercules.</span> +And by the order of this battell wée maye learne whereof the poets had +their inuention, when they faine in their writings, that Jupiter holpe +his sonne Hercules, by throwing downe stones from heauen in this battell +against Albion and Bergion. Moreouer, from henceforth was this Ile of +<span class="leftnote"> +How this Ile was called Albion, of the giant Albion. <i>Iohn Bale.</i></span> +Britaine called Albion (as before we haue said) after the name of the +said Albion: because he was established chiefe ruler and king thereof +both by his grandfather Osiris and his father Neptune that cunning +sailour reigning therein (as Bale saith) by the space of 44. yeares, till +finally he was slaine in maner afore remembred by his vncle Hercules +Libicus.</p> +<p> +After that Hercules had thus vanquished and destroied his enimies, hée +passed to and fro thorough Gallia, suppressing the tyrants in euerie +part where he came, and restoring the people vnto a reasonable kinde of +libertie, vnder lawfull gouernours. This Hercules (as we find) builded +the citie Alexia in Burgongne, nowe called Alize. Moreouer, by Lilius +Giraldus in the life of Hercules it is auouched, that the same Hercules +came ouer hither into Britaine. And this dooth Giraldus write by warrant +of such Britons as (saith he) haue so written themselues, which thing +peraduenture he hath read in Gildas the ancient Briton poet: a booke that +(as he confesseth in the 5. dialog of his histories of poets) he hath +séene. The same thing also is confirmed by the name of an head of land +in Britaine called <i>Promontorium Herculis,</i> as in Ptolomie ye may read, +which is thought to take name of his arriuall at that place. Thus much +for Albion and Hercules.</p> +<p><span class="rightnote"> +Diuers opinions why this Ile was called Albion. +Sée more hereof in the discription.</span> +But now, whereas it is not denied of anie, that this +Ile was called ancientlie by the name of Albion: yet there be diuers +opinions how it came by that name: for manie doo not allow of this +historie of Albion the giant. But for so much as it apperteineth rather +to the description than to the historie of this Ile, to rip vp and lay +foorth the secret mysteries of such matters: and because I thinke that +this opinion which is here auouched, how it tooke that name of the +forsaid Albion, sonne to Neptune, may be confirmed with as good +authoritie as some of the other, I here passe ouer the rest, & procéed +with the historie.</p> + +<p> +When Albion chiefe capteine of the giants was slaine, the residue that<span class="page">[<a name="page434" id="page434">Page 434</a>]</span> +remained at home in the Ile, continued without any rule or restraint of +law, in so much that they fell to such a dissolute order of life, that +they séemed little or nothing to differ from brute beasts: and those are +they which our ancient chronicles call the giants, who were so named, as +well for the huge proportion of their stature (sithens as before is said, +that age brought foorth far greater men than are now liuing) as also for +that they were the first, or at the least the furthest in remembrance +of any that had inhabited this countrie. For this word <i>Gigines,</i> or +<i>Gegines,</i> from whence our word giant (as some take it) is deriued, is a +Gréeke word, and signifieth, Borne or bred of or in the earth, for our +fore-elders, specially the Gentiles, being ignorant of the true beginning +of mankind, were persuaded, that the first inhabitants of any countrie +were bred out of the earth, and therefore when they could go no higher, +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>Terræ filius</i> what it signifieth.</span> +reckoning the descents of their predecessours, they would name him <i>Terræ +filius,</i> The sonne of the earth: and so the giants whom the poets faine +to haue sought to make battell against heauen, are called the sonnes of +the earth: and the first inhabitants generally of euery countrie were of +the Gréekes called <i>Gigines</i>, or <i>Gegines</i>, and of the Latines +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>Aborigines.</i> <i>Indigenæ.</i></span> +<i>Aborigines,</i> and <i>Indigenæ,</i> that is, People borne of the earth from the +beginning, and comming from no other countrie, but bred within the same.</p> +<p> +These giants and first inhabitants of this Ile continued in their +beastlie kind of life vnto the arriuall of the ladies, which some of our +chronicles ignorantly write to be the daughters of Dioclesian the king +of Assyria, whereas in déed they haue béene deceiued, in taking the +<span class="rightnote"> +The mistaking of the name of Dioclesianus for Danaus.</span> +word <i>Danaus</i> to be short written for <i>Dioclesianus:</i> and by the same +meanes haue diuers words and names béene mistaken, both in our chronicles, +and in diuers other ancient written woorks. But this is a fault that +learned men should not so much trouble themselues about, considering the +<span class="leftnote"> +<i>Hugh the Italian. Harding. Iohn Rous</i> out of <i>Dauid Pencair.</i></span> +same hath bin alreadie found by sundrie authors ling sithens, as Hugh the +Italian, Iohn Harding, Iohn Rouse of Warwike, and others, +speciallie by the helpe of Dauid Pencair a British historie, who recite +the historie vnder the name of Danaus and his daughters. And because we +would not any man to thinke, that the historie of these daughters +of Danaus is onelie of purpose deuised, and brought in place of +Dioclesianus, to excuse the imperfection of our writers, whereas +there was either no such historie (or at the least no such women that +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>Nennius.</i></span> +arriued in this Ile) the authoritie of Nennius a Briton writer may be +auouched, who wrote aboue 900. yeares past, and maketh mention of the +arriuall of such ladies.</p> +<p><span class="rightnote"> +Belus priscus. <i>Danaidarium porticani. (text unclear)</i> </span> +To be short, the historie is thus. Belus the sonne of Epaphus, or (as +some writers haue) of Neptune and Libies (whome Isis after the death +of Apis maried) had issue two sonnes: the first Danaus, called also +Armeus; and Aegyptus called also Rameses: these two were kings among +the Aegyptians, Danaus the elder of the two, hauing in his rule the +<span class="leftnote"> +Danaus. Aegyptus. <i>Higinus.</i></span> +vpper region of Aegypt, had by sundrie wiues 50. daughters, with whome +his brother Aegyptus, gaping for the dominion of the whole, did +instantlie labour, that his sonnes being also 50. in number, might +match. But Danaus hauing knowledge by some prophesie or oracle, that +a sonne in law of his should be his death, refused so to bestow his +daughters. Hereupon grew warre betwixt the brethren, in the end +whereof, Danaus being the weaker, was inforced to flée his countrie, +and so prepared a nauie, imbarked himselfe and his daughters, and with +them passed ouer into Gréece, where he found meanes to dispossesse +Gelenor (sonne to Stenelas king of Argos) of his rightfull +inheritance, driuing him out of his countrie, and reigned in his place +by the assistance of the Argiues that had conceiued an hatred towardes +Gelenor, and a great liking towardes Danaus, who in verie deed did so +farre excell the kings that had reigned there before him, that the +Gréekes in remembrance of him were after called Danai.</p> +<p> +But his brother Aegyptus, taking great disdaine for that he and his +sonnes were in such sort despised of Danaus, sent his sonnes with a great +armie to make warre against their vncle, giuing them in charge not to +returne, till they had either slaine Danaus, or obtained his daughters +in mariage. The yoong gentlemen according to their fathers commandement, +being arriued in Greece, made such warre against Danaus, that in the end +he was constrained to giue vnto those his 50. nephues his 50. daughters,<span class="page">[<a name="page435" id="page435">Page 435</a>]</span> +to ioine with them in mariage, and so they were. But as the prouerbe +saith, "In trust appeared treacherie." For on the first night of the +mariage, Danaus deliuered to ech of his daughters a sword, charging them +that when their husbands after their bankets and pastimes were once +brought into a sound sléepe, ech of them should slea hir husband, +menacing them with death vnlesse they fulfilled his commandement. They +all therefore obeied the will of their father, Hypermnestra onely +excepted, with whom preuailed more the loue of kinred and wedlocke, than +the feare of hir fathers displeasure: for shee alone spared the life of +hir husband Lynceus, waking him out of his sléepe, and warning him to +depart and flée into Aegypt to his father. He therefore hauing all the +wicked practises reuealed to him by his wife, followed hir aduice, and so +escaped.</p> +<p><span class="rightnote"> +<i>Pausanias.</i></span> +Now when Danaus perceiued how all his daughters had accomplished his +commandement, sauing onelie Hypermnestra, he caused hir to be brought +forth into iudgement, for disobeieng him in a matter wherein both the +safetie and losse of his life rested: but she was acquitted by the +Argiues, & discharged. Howbeit hir father kept hir in prison, and +séeking to find out other husbands for his other daughters that had +obeied his pleasure in sleaing their first husbands, long it was yer +he could find any to match with them: for the heinous offense committed +in the slaughter of their late husbands, was yet too fresh in memorie, +and their bloud not wiped out of mind. Neuerthelesse, to bring his +purpose the better to passe, he made proclamation, that his daughters +should demand no ioinctures, and euerie suter should take his choise +without respect to the age of the ladie, or abilitie of him that came to +make his choise, but so as first come best serued, according to their +owne phantasies and likings. Howbeit when this policie also failed, +& would not serue his turne, he deuised a game of running, ordeining +therewith, that whosoeuer got the best price should haue the first choise +among all the sisters; and he that got the second, should choose next to +the first; and so foorth, ech one after an other, according to the triall +of their swiftnesse of foote.</p> +<p> +How much this practise auailed, I know not: but certeine it is, diuers of +them were bestowed, either by this or some other meanes, for we find that +Autonomes was maried to Architeles, Chrysanta or (as Pausanias saith) +Scea was matched with Archandrus, Amaome with Neptunus Equestris, on +whome he begat Nauplius.</p> +<p><span class="leftnote"> +<i>Higinus.</i></span> +But now to returne vnto Lynceus, whome his wife Hypermnestra preserued, as +before ye haue heard. After he was once got out of the reach and danger of +his father in law king Danaus, he gaue knowledge thereof to his wife, in +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>Pausanias.</i></span> +raising a fire on heigth beaconwise, accordingly as she had requested him +to doo at his departure from hir: and this was at a place which afterwards +tooke name of him, and was called Lyncea. Upon his returne into Aegypt, he +gaue his father to vnderstand the whole circumstance of the trecherous +crueltie vsed by his vncle and his daughters in the murder of his +brethren, and how hardly he himselfe had escaped death out of his vncles +handes. Wherevpon at time conuenient he was furnished foorth with men and +ships by his father, for the spéedie reuenge of that heinous, vnnaturall +and most disloiall murder, in which enterprise he sped him foorth with +such diligence, that in short time he found meanes to dispatch his vncle +Danaus, set his wife Hypermnestra at libertie, and subdued the whole +kingdome of the Argiues.</p> +<p> +This done, he caused the daughters of Danaus (so many as remained within +the limits of his dominion) to be sent for, whome he thought not worthie +to liue, bicause of the cruell murther which they had committed on his +brethren: but yet for that they were his wiues sisters, he would not +put them to death, but commanded them to be thrust into a ship, without +maister, mate or mariner, and so to be turned into the maine ocean sea, +and to take and abide such fortune as should chance vnto them. These +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>Harding</i> and <i>Iohn Rouse</i> out of <i>David Pencair.</i></span> +ladies thus imbarked and left to the mercy of the seas, by hap were +brought to the coasts of this Ile then called Albion, where they tooke +land, and in séeking to prouide themselues of victuals by pursute of +wilde beasts, met with no other inhabitants, than the rude and sauage +giants mentioned before, whome our historiens for their beastlie kind of<span class="page">[<a name="page436" id="page436">Page 436</a>]</span> +life doo call diuells. With these monsters did these ladies (finding none +other to satisfie the motions of their sensuall lust) ioine in the act of +venerie, and ingendred a race of people in proportion nothing differing +from their fathers that begat them, nor in conditions from their mothers +that bare them.</p> +<p> +But now peraduenture ye wil thinke that I haue forgotten my selfe, in +rehearsing this historie of the ladies arriuall here, bicause I make no +mention of Albina, which should be the eldest of the sisters, of whome +this land should also take the name of Albion. To this we answer, that as +the name of their father hath bene mistaken, so likewise hath the whole +course of the historie in this behalfe. For though we shall admit that +to be true which is rehearsed (in maner as before ye haue heard) of the +arriuall here of those ladies; yet certeine it is that none of them bare +the name of Albina, from whome this land might be called Albion. For +further assurance whereof, if any man be desirous to know all their +<span class="rightnote"> +<i>Higinus.</i> The names of the daughters of Danaus.</span> +names, we haue thought good here to rehearse them as they be found in +Higinus, Pausanias, and others. 1 Idea, 2 Philomela, 3 Scillo, 4 Phicomene, +5 Euippe, 6 Demoditas, 7 Hyale, 8 Trite, 9 Damone, 10 Hippothoe, 11 +Mirmidone, 12 Euridice, 13 Chleo, 14 Vrania, 15 Cleopatra, 16 Phylea, 17 +Hypareta, 18 Chrysothemis, 19 Heranta, 20 Armoaste, 21 Danaes, 22 Scea, +23 Glaucippe, 24 Demophile, 25 Autodice, 26 Polyxena, 27 Hecate, 28 +Achamantis, 29 Arsalte, 30 Monuste, 31 Amimone, 32 Helice, 33 Amaome, 34 +Polybe, 35 Helicte, 36 Electra, 37 Eubule, 38 Daphildice, 39 Hero, 40 +Europomene, 41 Critomedia, 42 Pyrene, 43 Eupheno, 44 Themistagora, 45 +Paleno, 46 Erato, 47 Autonomes, 48 Itea, 49 Chrysanta, 50 Hypermnestra. +These were the names of those ladies the daughters of Danaus: howbeit, +which they were that should arriue in this Ile, we can not say: but it +sufficeth to vnderstand, that none of them hight Albina. So that, whether +the historie of their landing here should be true or not, it is all one +for the matter concerning the name of this Ile, which vndoubtedlie was +See more in the description. +called Albion, either of Albion the giant as before I haue said) or by +some other occasion.</p> +<p> +And thus much for the ladies, whose strange aduenture of their arriuall +here, as it may séeme to manie & (with good cause) incredible, so without +further auouching it for truth I leaue it to the consideration of the +reader, to thinke thereof as reason shall moue him sith I sée not how +either in this, or in other things of such antiquitie, we cannot haue +sufficient warrant otherwise than by likelie coniectures. Which as in +this historie of the ladies they are not most probable, yet haue we +shewed the likeliest, that (as we thinke) may be déemed to agrée with +those authors that haue written of their comming into this Ile. But as +for an assured proofe that this Ile was inhabited with people before the +comming of Brute, I trust it may suffice which before is recited out of +Annius de Viterbo, Theophilus, Gildas, and other, although much more +might be said: as of the comming hither of Osiris, as well as in the +<span class="rightnote"> +Vlysses in Britaine.</span> +other parties of the world: and likewise of Vlysses his being here, who +in performing some vow which he either then did make, or before had made, +erected an altar in that part of Scotland which was ancientlie called +<span class="leftnote"> +<i>Iulius Solinus.</i></span> +Calidonia, as Iulius Solinus Polyhistor in plaine words dooth record.</p> +<p> +¶ Vpon these considerations I haue no doubt to deliuer vnto the reader, +the opinion of those that thinke this land to haue bene inhabited before +the arriuall here of Brute, trusting it may be taken in good part, +sith we haue but shewed the coniectures of others, till time that some +sufficient learned man shall take vpon him to decipher the doubts of all +these matters. Neuerthelesse, I thinke good to aduertise the reader that +these stories of Samothes, Magus, Sarron, Druis, and Bardus, doo relie +onelie vpon the authoritie of Berosus, whom most diligent antiquaries doo +reiect as a fabulous and counterfet author, and Vacerius hath laboured to +prooue the same by a speciall treatise latelie published at Rome.</p> + +<br /><br /> +<h3>THE END OF THE FIRST BOOKE</h3> + + +<br /><br /> + +<!-- + <p> + <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check/referer"><img + src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-xhtml10" + alt="Valid XHTML 1.0!" height="31" width="88" /></a> + </p> +--> + +<br /><br /> + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles (1 of 6): The Historie of +England (1 of 8), by Raphael Holinshed + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES (1 OF 6): THE *** + +***** This file should be named 16496-h.htm or 16496-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/4/9/16496/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Lesley Halamek and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Chronicles (1 of 6): The Historie of England (1 of 8) + From the Time That It Was First Inhabited, Vntill the Time + That It Was Last Conquered: Wherein the Sundrie Alterations + of the State Vnder Forren People Is Declared; And Other + Manifold Observations Remembred + +Author: Raphael Holinshed + +Release Date: August 9, 2005 [EBook #16496] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES (1 OF 6): THE *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Lesley Halamek and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + +THE + +HISTORIE OF ENGLAND, + +FROM + +THE TIME THAT IT WAS FIRST INHABITED, + +VNTILL + +THE TIME THAT IT WAS LAST CONQUERED: + +WHEREIN THE SUNDRIE ALTERATIONS OF THE STATE +VNDER FORREN PEOPLE IS DECLARED; +AND OTHER MANIFOLD OBSERVATIONS REMEMBRED: + + * * * * * + +_BY RAPHAEL HOLINSHED_ + + * * * * * + +NOW NEWLIE READ OVER, AND DILIGENTLIE DIGESTED INTO BOOKES AND CHAPTERS, +WITH THEIR SEUERALL ARGUMENTS PREFIXED, CONTEINING AN ABRIDGEMENT +OF THE WHOLE HISTORIE, FOR THE HELPE OF THE READERS +IUDGEMENT AND MEMORIE: + +WITH TWO TABLES OF PARTICULARS, + +THE ONE SERVING THE DESCRIPTION, THE OTHER THE HISTORIE: + +_BY ABRAHAM FLEMING._ + + * * * * * + +LAUS HISTORIAE EX I. LELANDO. + +QUOD SOL AETHEREO PRAESTAT PULCHERRIMUS ORDI, +HISTORIA HUMANIS VBIBUS HOC TRIBUIT. + + + + +TO + +THE READERS STUDIOUS IN HISTORIES. + + * * * * * + + +The order obserued in the description of Britaine, by reason of the +necessarie diuision thereof into bookes and chapters growing out of +the varietie of matters therein conteined, seemed (in my iudgement) so +conuenient a course deuised by the writer, as I was easilie induced +thereby to digest the historie of England immediatlie following into the +like method: so that as in the one, so likewise in the other, by summarie +contents foregoing euerie chapter, as also by certeine materiall titles +added at the head of euerie page of the said historie, it is a thing of +no difficultie to comprehend what is discoursed and discussed in the +same. + +Wherein (sith histories are said to be the registers of memorie and the +monuments of veritie) all louers of knowlege, speciallie historicall, +are aduisedlie to marke (among other points) the seuerall and successiue +alterations of regiments in this land: whereof it was my meaning to haue +[Sidenote: Pag. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 26, 27, 28, 49, 50, 51, of the +description: and pag. 765, 766, of the historie of England.] +made an abstract, but that the same is sufficientlie handled in the first +booke and fourth chapter of the description of Britaine; whereto if the +seuenth chapter of the same booke be also annexed, there is litle or no +defect at all in that case wherof iustlie to make complaint. + +Wherfore by remitting the readers to those, I reape this aduantage, +namelie a discharge of a forethought & purposed labour, which as to +reduce into some plausible forme was a worke both of time, paine and +studie: so seeming vnlikelie to be comprised in few words (being a matter +of necessarie and important obseruation) occasion of tediousnes is to and +fro auoided; speciallie to the reader, who is further to be aduertised, +that the computations of yeares here and there expressed, according to +the indirect direction of the copies whense they were deriued and drawne, +is not so absolute (in some mens opinion) as it might haue beene: howbeit +iustifiable by their originals. + +Wherin hereafter (God prolonging peace in the church and commonwelth +that the vse of bookes may not be abridged) such diligent care shall be +had, that in whatsoeuer the helpe of bookes will doo good, or conference +with antiquaries auaile, there shall want no will to vse the one and the +other. And yet it is not a worke for euerie common capacitie, naie it is +a toile without head or taile euen for extraordinarie wits, to correct +the accounts of former ages so many hundred yeares receiued, out of +vncerteinties to raise certeinties, and to reconcile writers dissenting +in opinion and report. But as this is vnpossible, so is no more to be +looked for than may be performed: and further to inquire as it is against +reason, so to vndertake more than may commendablie be atchiued, were +fowle follie. + +ABRAHAM FLEMING. + + + + + * * * * * + +THE FIRST BOOKE + +OF THE + +HISTORIE OF ENGLAND. + + * * * * * + + + + +_Who inhabited this Iland before the comming of Brute: of Noah & his +three sonnes, among whom the whole earth was diuided: and to which of +their portions this Ile of Britaine befell._ + + +THE FIRST CHAPTER. + + +What manner of people did first inhabite this our country, which hath +most generallie and of longest continuance beene knowne among all nations +by the name of Britaine as yet is not certeinly knowne; neither can it be +decided fr[=o] whence the first inhabitants there of came, by reason of +such diuersitie in iudgements as haue risen amongst the learned in this +[Sidenote: The originall of nations for the most part vncerteine.] +behalfe. But sith the originall in maner of all nations is doubtfull, and +euen the same for the more part fabulous (that alwaies excepted which we +find in the holie scriptures) I wish not any man to leane to that which +shall be here set downe as to an infallible truth, sith I doo but onlie +shew other mens conjectures, grounded neuerthelesse vpon likelie reasons, +concerning that matter whereof there is now left but little other +certeintie, or rather none at all. + +[Sidenote: Whither Britaine were an Iland at the first. +_Geog. com. lib._ +No Ilands at the first, as some coniecture.] +To fetch therefore the matter from the farthest, and so to stretch it +forward, it seemeth by the report of Dominicus Marius Niger that in the +beginning, when God framed the world, and diuided the waters apart from +the earth, this Ile was then a parcell of the continent, and ioined +without any separation of sea to the maine land. But this opinion (as all +other the like vncerteinties) I leaue to be discussed of by the learned: +howbeit for the first inhabitation of this Ile with people, I haue +thought good to set downe in part, what may be gathered out of such +writers as haue touched that matter, and may seeme to giue some light +vnto the knowledge thereof. + +[Sidenote: In the first part of the acts of the English votaries. +Britaine inhabitied before the floud. +_Genesis 6_. +_Berosus ant. lib._ 1.] +First therefore Iohn Bale our countrieman, who in his time greatlie +trauelled in the search of such antiquities, dooth probablie coniecture, +that this land was inhabited and replenished with people long before the +floud, at that time in the which the generation of mankind (as Moses +writeth) began to multiplie vpon the vniuersall face of the earth: and +therfore it followeth, that as well this land was inhabited with people +long before the daies of Noah, as any the other countries and parts +of the world beside. But when they had once forsaken the ordinances +appointed them by God, and betaken them to new waies inuented of +themselues, such loosenesse of life ensued euerie where, as brought vpon +them the great deluge and vniuersall floud, in the which perished as well +the inhabitants of these quarters, as the residue of the race of mankind, +generallie dispersed in euerie other part of the whole world, onelie Noah +& his familie excepted, who by the prouidence and pleasure of almightie +God was preserued from the rage of those waters, to recontinue and +repaire the new generation of man of vpon earth. + +[Sidenote: NOAH. _In comment. super 4. lib._ +_Berosus de antiquit. lib._ 1 +_Annius vt suor._] +After the flood (as Annius de Viterbo recordeth) and reason also +enforceth, Noah was the onlie monarch of all the world, and as the same +Annius gathereth by the account of Moses in the 100. yeare after the +flood, Noah diuided the earth among his three sonnes; assigning to the +possession of his eldest sonne all that portion of land which now is +knowne by the name of Asia; to his second sonne Cham, he appointed all +that part of the world which now is called Affrica: and to his third +sonne Iaphet was allotted all Europa, with all the Iles therto belonging, +wherin among other was conteined this our Ile of Britaine, with the other +Iles thereto perteining. + +[Sidenote: IAPHET AND HIS SONNES. +_Johannes Bodinus ad fac. hist. cogn._ +_Franciscus Tarapha_.] +Iaphet the third son of Noah, of some called Iapetus, and of others, +Atlas Maurus (because he departed this life in Mauritania) was the first +(as Bodinus affirmeth by the authoritie and consent of the Hebrue, Greeke +& Latine writers) that peopled the countries of Europe, which afterward +he diuided among his sonnes: of whom Tuball (as Tarapha affirmeth) +obteined the kingdome of Spaine. Gomer had dominion ouer the Italians, +and (as Berosus and diuers other authors agree) Samothes was the founder +of Celtica, which conteined in it (as Bale witnesseth) a great part of +Europe, but speciallie those countries which now are called by the names +of Gallia and Britannia. + +[Sidenote: Britaine inhabited shortlie after the floud.] +Thus was this Iland inhabited and peopled within 200 yeeres after the +floud by the children of Iaphet the sonne of Noah: & this is not onlie +prooued by Annius, writing vpon Berosus, but also confirmed by Moses in +the scripture, where he writeth, that of the offspring of Iaphet, the +Iles of the Gentiles (wherof Britain is one) were sorted into regions in +the time of Phaleg the sonne of Hiber, who was borne at the time of the +[Sidenote: _Theophilus episcop. Antioch. ad Anfol lib. 2._ +The words of Theophilus a doctor of the church, who liued an. Dom. 160.] +diuision of languages. Herevpon Theophilus hath these words: "Cum priscis +temporibus pauci forent homines in Arabia & Chaldaea, post linguarum +diuisionem aucti & multiplicati paulatim sunt: hinc quidam abierunt +versus orientem, quidam concessere ad partes maioris continentis, alij +porro profecti sunt ad septentrionem sedes quaesituri, nec prius desierunt +terram vbiq; occupare, quam etiam Britannos in Arctois climatibus +accesserint, &c." _That is_; "When at the first there were not manie +men in Arabia and Chaldaea, it came to passe, that after the diuision of +toongs, they began somewhat better to increase and multiplie, by which +occasion some of them went toward the east, and some toward the parts of +the great maine land: diuers of them went also northwards to seeke them +dwelling places, neither staid they to replenish the earth as they went, +till they came vnto the Iles of Britaine, lieng vnder the north pole." +Thus far Theophilus. + +These things considered, Gildas the Britaine had great reason to thinke, +that this countrie had bene inhabited from the beginning. And Polydor +Virgil was with no lesse consideration hereby induced to confesse, that +the Ile of Britaine had receiued inhabitants foorthwith after the floud. + + * * * * * + + + + +_Of Samothes, Magus, Sarron, Druis, and Bardus, fiue kings succeeding +each other in regiment ouer the Celts and Samotheans, and how manie +hundred yeeres the Celts inhabited this Iland._ + + +THE SECOND CHAPTER. + + +[Sidenote: _Gen. 2._] +Samothes the sixt begotten sonne of Iaphet called by Moses Mesech, by +[Sidenote: _De migr. gen._] +others Dis, receiued for his portion (according to the report of +Wolfgangus Lazius) all the countrie lieng betweene the riuer of Rhene +and the Pyrenian mountains, where he founded the kingdome of Celtica +[Sidenote: _Cent. 1._] +ouer his people called Celtae. Which name Bale affirmeth to haue bene +indifferent to the inhabitants both of the countrie of Gallia, and the +Ile of Britaine, & that he planted colonies of men (brought foorth of +the east parts) in either of them, first in the maine land, and after +[Sidenote: _Anti. lib._ 1. +_Bale Script_. +_Brit. cent._ 1.] +in the Iland. He is reported by Berosus to haue excelled all men of +that age in learning and knowledge: and also is thought by Bale to +haue imparted the same among his people; namelie, the vnderstanding +[Sidenote: _Caesar. comment. lib._ 8.] +of the sundrie courses of the starres, the order of inferiour things, +with manie other matters incident to the morall and politike gouernment +of mans life: and to haue deliuered the same in the Phenician letters: +out of which the Greekes (according to the opinion of Archilochus) +[Sidenote: _In epithet. temp._ +_De aequinorus contra Appionem_.] +deuised & deriued the Greeke characters, insomuch that Xenophon and +Iosephus doo constantlie report (although Diogenes Laertius be against +it) that both the Greekes and other nations receiued their letters and +learning first from these countries. Of this king and his learning arose +[Sidenote: _Lib. de Magic. success. lib._ 22.] +a sect of philosophers (saith Annius) first in Britaine, and after in +Gallia, the which of his name were called Samothei. They (as Aristotle +and Secion write) were passing skilfull both in the law of God and man: +[Sidenote: _Script. Brit. cent._ I.] +and for that cause exceedinglie giuen to religion, especiallie the +inhabitants of this Ile of Britaine, insomuch that the whole nation +did not onelie take the name of them, but the Iland it selfe (as Bale +[Sidenote: _De ant. Cant. cent. lib._ I.] +and doctor Caius agree) came to be called Samothea, which was the first +peculiar name that euer it had, and by the which it was especiallie +[Sidenote: This Ile called Samothea.] +knowne before the arriuall of Albion. + +[Sidenote: MAGUS THE SON OF SAMOTHES. _Lib._ 9. +_Annius in commen. super eundem. Geogr._] +Magus the sonne of Samothes, after the death of his +father, was the second king of Celtica, by whome (as Berosus writeth) +there were manie townes builded among the Celts, which by the witnesse +of Annius did beare the addition of their founder Magus: of which townes +diuers are to be found in Ptolomie. And Antoninus a painfull surueior of +the world and searcher of cities, maketh mention of foure of them here +in Britaine, Sitomagus, Neomagus, Niomagus, and Nouiomagus. Neomagus +sir Thomas Eliot writeth to haue stood where the citie of Chester now +standeth; Niomagus, George Lillie placeth where the towne of Buckingham +is now remaining. Beside this, Bale dooth so highlie commend the foresaid +Magus for his learning renowmed ouer all the world, that he would haue +the Persians, and other nations of the south and west parts, to deriue +the name of their diuines called _Magi_ from him. In deed Rauisius +Textor, and sir Iohn Prise affirme, that in the daies of Plinie, the +Britons were so expert in art magike, that they might be thought to haue +first deliuered the same to the Persians. What the name of _Magus_ +[Sidenote: _De diui. lib._ 1. +_De fastis li._ 5.] +importeth, and of what profession the _Magi_ were, Tullie declareth at +large, and Mantuan in briefe, after this maner: + + + Ille penes Persas Magus est, qui sidera norit, + Qui sciat herbarum vires cultumq; deorum, + Persepoli facit ista Magos prudentia triplex. + + The Persians terme him Magus, that + the course of starres dooth knowe, + The power of herbs, and worship due + to God that man dooth owe, + By threefold knowledge thus the name + of Magus then dooth growe. + + [Sidenote: _H.F._] + + +[Sidenote: SARRON THE SON OF MAGUS. +_De ant. Cant. lib._ 1.] +[Sidenote: _Bale. script_. +_Brit. cent._ I.] +Sarron the third king of the Celts succeeded his father Magus in +gouernement of the countrie of Gallia, and the Ile Samothea, wherein as +(D. Caius writeth) he founded certaine publike places for them that +professed learning, which Berosus affirmeth to be done, to the intent +to restraine the wilfull outrage of men, being as then but raw and void +of all ciuilitie. Also it is thought by Annius, that he was the first +author of those kind of philosophers, which were called Sarronides, of +whom Diodorus Siculus writeth in this sort: "There are (saith he) among +[Sidenote: _Lib._ 6.] +the Celts certaine diuines and philosophers called Sarronides, whom +aboue all other they haue in great estimation. For it is the manner +among them, not without a philosopher to make anie sacrifice: sith they +are of beleefe, that sacrifices ought onelie to be made by such as are +skilfull in the diuine mysteries, as of those who are neerest vnto God, +by whose intercession they thinke all good things are to be required of +God, and whose aduise they vse and follow, as well in warre as in peace." + +[Sidenote: DRUIS THE SON OF SARRON. +_De morte Claud._] +Druis, whom Seneca calleth Dryus, being the sonne of Sarron, was after +his father established the fourth king of Celtica, indifferentlie +reigning as wel ouer the Celts as Britons, or rather (as the inhabitants +of this Ile were then called) Samotheans. This prince is commended by +Berosus to be so plentifullie indued with wisedome and learning, that +Annius taketh him to be the vndoubted author of the begining and name of +the philosophers called Druides, whome Caesar and all other ancient +Greeke and Latine writers doo affirme to haue had their begining in +Britaine, and to haue bin brought from thence into Gallia, insomuch that +when there arose any doubt in that countrie touching any point of their +discipline, they did repaire to be resolued therein into Britaine, where, +speciallie in the Ile of Anglesey (as Humfrey Llhoyd witnesseth) they +[Sidenote: _Anti. lib._ 5. +_Annius super eundem_. +_De bello Gallico_. 6.] +made their principall abode. Touching their vsages many things are +written by Aristotle, Socion, Plinie, Laertius, Bodinus, and others: +which I will gather in briefe, and set downe as followeth. They had +(as Caesar saith) the charge of common & priuate sacrifices, the +discussing of points of religion, the bringing vp of youth, the +determining of matters in variance with full power to interdict so manie +from the sacrifice of their gods and the companie of men, as disobeied +[Sidenote: _Hist. an. lib._ 1.] +their award. Polydore affirmeth, how they taught, that mens soules could +not die, but departed from one bodie to another, and that to the intent +[Sidenote: _De diui. lib._ 1.] +to make men valiant and drealesse of death. Tullie writeth, that +partlie by tokens, and partlie by surmises, they would foretell things +to come. And by the report of Hector Boetius, some of them were not +ignorant of the immortalitie of the one and euerlasting God. All these +[Sidenote: _Hist. Scoti. li._ 2. +_De migr. gen. lib._ 2. +_Marcellinus_.] +things they had written in the Greeke toong, insomuch that Wolf. Lazius +(vpon the report of Marcellinus) declareth how the Greeke letters were +first brought to Athens by Timagenes from the Druides. And herevpon it +commeth also to passe, that the British toong hath in it remaining at +this day some smacke of the Greeke. Among other abuses of the Druides, +they had (according to Diodorus) one custome to kill men, and by the +falling, bleeding, and dismembring of them, to diuine of things to come: +for the which and other wicked practises, their sect was first condemned +for abhominable (as some haue written) and dissolued in Gallia (as +Auentinus witnesseth) by Tiberius and Claudius the emperours; and +[Sidenote: _Anna. Boiorum. lib._ 22.] +lastlie abolished here in Britaine (by the report of Caius) when the +gospell of Christ by the preaching of Fugatius and Damianus was receiued +[Sidenote: _De ant. Cant._] +among the Britaines, vnder Lucius king of Britaine, about the yeare of +our sauior, 179. + +[Sidenote: BARDUS THE SONNE OF DRUIS. +_Berosus ant. lib._ 2. +_Annius in commen. super eundem_. +_Ant. Cant li._ 1. +_script. Britan. cent._ 1. +_Nonnius_. +_Marcel._ +_Strabo_. +_Diodor. Sicul. lib._ 6. +_Carol. Stepha. in dict. hist._ +_Bale_. +_Iohn Prise_.] +Bardus the sonne of Druis succeeded his father in the kingdome of +Celtica, and was the fift king ouer the Celtes and Samotheans, amongst +whom he was highlie renoumed (as appeareth by Berosus) for inuention of +dities and musicke, wherein Annius of Viterbo writeth, that he trained +his people: and of such as excelled in this knowledge, he made an order +of philosophicall poets or heraulds, calling them by his owne name Bardi. +And it should seeme by doctor Caius and master Bale, that Caesar found +some of them here at his arriuall in this Ile, and reported that they had +also their first begining in the same. The profession and vsages of these +Bardi, Nonnius, Strabo, Diodorus, Stephanus, Bale, and sir Iohn Prise, +are in effect reported after this sort. They did vse to record the +noble exploits of the ancient capteins, and to drawe the pedegrees and +genealogies of such as were liuing. They would frame pleasant dities and +songs, learne the same by heart, and sing them to instruments at solemne +feasts and assemblies of noble men and gentlemen. Wherefore they were had +in so high estimation, that if two hosts had bene readie ranged to ioine +in battell, and that any of them had fortuned to enter among them, both +the hosts (as well the enimies as the friends) would haue holden their +hands, giuen eare vnto them, and ceassed from fight, vntill these Bards +[Sidenote: _Lucan. lib._ 1.] +had gone out of the battell. Of these Bards Lucane saith, + + + Vos quoq; qui fortes animas belloq; peremptas, + Laudius in longum vares dimittitis aeuum, + Plurima securi fudistis carmina Bardi: + + [Sidenote: _II. F._] + And you o poet Bards from danger + void that dities sound, + Of soules of dreadlesse men, whom rage + of battell would confound, + And make their lasting praise to time + of later age rebound. + + +Because the names of these poets were neither discrepant from the +ciuilitie of the Romans, nor repugnant to the religion of the Christians, +they (of all the other sects before specified) were suffered onlie to +continue vnabolished in all ages, insomuch that there flourished of +them among the Britains (according to Bale) before the birth of Christ, +[Sidenote: _Iohn Bale script. Britan. cent._ 2. +_John Prise defen hist. Brit._ +_Caius de ant._ +_Cant. lib._ 1. +_Iohn Leland_ +_syllab. ant dict._ +_Hum. Lloyd de Mona insula_] +Plenidius and Oronius: after Christ (as Prise recounteth) Thalestine, +and the two Merlins, Melkin, Elaskirion, and others: and of late daies +among the Welshmen, Dauid Die, Ioslo Gough, Dauid ap William, with an +infinite number more. And in Wales there are sundrie of them (as Caius +reporteth) remaining vnto this day, where they are in their language +called (as Leland writeth) Barthes. Also by the witnes of Humfrey Llhoyd, +there is an Iland neere vnto Wales, called Insula Bardorum, and Bardsey, +whereof the one name in Latine, and the other in Saxon or old English, +signifieth the Iland of the Bardes or Barthes. + +_Thus farre the gouernement of the Celts in this Ile._ + + * * * * * + + + + +AN APPENDIX TO THE FORMER CHAPTER. + + +[Sidenote: _Bale_] +After Bardus, the Celts (as Bale saith) loathing the streict ordinances +of their ancient kings, and betaking themselues to pleasure and idlenesse, +were in short time, and with small labour brought vnder the subiection of +the giant Albion, the sonne of Neptune, who altering the state of things +in this Iland, streicted the name of Celtica and the Celts within the +bounds of Gallia, from whence they came first to inhabit this land vnder +the conduct of Samothes, as before ye haue heard, accordinglie as Annius +[Sidenote: _Annius_.] +hath gathered out of Berosus the Chaldean, who therein agreeth also with +[Sidenote: _Theophilus_.] +the scripture, the saieng of Theophilus the doctor, and the generall +consent of all writers, which fullie consent, that the first inhabitants +of this Ile came out of the parties of Gallia, although some of them +dissent about the time and maner of their comming. Sir Brian Tuke +[Sidenote: _Sir Brian Tuke_.] +thinketh it to be ment of the arriuall of Brute, when he came out of +[Sidenote: _Caesar_.] +those countries into this Ile. Caesar and Tacitus seeme to be of opinion, +that those Celts which first inhabited here, came ouer to view the +[Sidenote: _Tacitus_. +_Bodinus_.] +countrie for trade of merchandize. Bodinus would haue them to come in (a +Gods name) from Languedoc, and so to name this land Albion, of a citie in +[Sidenote: _Beda_. +_Polydor_.] +Languedoc named Albie. Beda, and likewise Polydore (who followeth him) +affirme that they came from the coasts of Armorica, which is now called +little Britaine. + +But that the authorities afore recited are sufficient to proue the time +that this Iland was first inhabited by the Celts, the old possessors of +Gallia; not onelie the neernesse of the regions, but the congruence +of languages, two great arguments of originals doo fullie confirme +[Sidenote: _Bodinus_.] +the same. Bodinus writeth vpon report, that the British and Celtike +language was all one. But whether that be true or not, I am not able to +affirme, bicause the Celtike toong is long sithens growne wholie out of +vse. Howbeit some such Celtike words as remaine in the writings of old +authours may be perceiued to agree with the Welsh toong, being the +[Sidenote: _Pausanias_] +vncorrupted speech of the ancient Britains. In deed Pausanias the +Grecian maketh mention how the Celts in their language called a horsse +_Marc_: and by that name doo the Welshmen call a horsse to this day: +and the word _Trimarc_ in Pausanias, signifieth in the Celtike toong, +three horsses. + +Thus it appeared by the authoritie of writers, by situation of place, and +by affinitie of language, that this Iland was first found and inhabited +by the Celts, that there name from Samothes to Albion continued here +the space of 310 yeares or there abouts. And finallie it is likelie, +[Sidenote: _Iohn Bale_.] +that aswell the progenie as the speech of them is partlie remaining in +this Ile among the inhabitants, and speciallie the British, euen vnto +this day. + + * * * * * + + + + +_Of the giant Albion, of his comming into this Iland, diuers opinions why +it was called Albion: why Albion and Bergion were slaine by Hercules: of +Danaus and of his 50 daughters._ + + +THE THIRD CHAPTER. + + +[Sidenote: _Bale_. +_Annius de Viterbo_. +_Diodorus Sicubis_. +Pinnesses or gallies. +_Higinus_. +_Pictonius_.] +Neptunus called by Moses (as some take it) Nepthuim, the sixt sonne of +Osiris, after the account of Annius, and the brother of Hercules, had +appointed him of his father (as Diodorus writeth) the gouernement of the +ocean sea: wherefore he furnished himselfe of sundrie light ships for the +more redie passage by water, which in the end grew to the number of a +full nauie: & so by continuall exercise he became so skilfull, and +therewith so mightie vpon the waters (as Higinus & Pictonius doo write) +that he was not onelie called the king, but also esteemed the god of the +seas. He had to wife a ladie called Amphitrita, who was also honored as +goddesse of the seas, of whose bodie he begat sundrie children: and (as +Bale reporteth) he made euerie one of them king of an Iland. In the Ile +[Sidenote: _Scrip. Bri. cent._ 1.] +of Britaine he landed his fourth son called Albion the giant, who brought +the same vnder his subjection. And herevpon it resteth, that Iohn Textor, +[Sidenote: _Ioh. Textor_. +_Polydor_.] +and Polydor Virgil made mention, that light shippes were first inuented +in the British seas, and that the same were couered round with the hides +of beasts, for defending them from the surges and waues of the water. + +This Albion being put by his father in possession of this Ile of +Britaine, within short time subdued the Samotheans, the first +inhabitantes thereof, without finding any great resistance, for that (as +before ye haue heard) they had giuen ouer the practise of all warlike +and other painefull exercises, and through vse of effeminate pleasures, +wherevnto they had giuen themselues ouer, they were become now vnapt to +withstand the force of their enimies: and so (by the testimonie of +[Sidenote: _Nichol. Perot._ +_Rigmanus Philesius_. +_Aristotle_. +_Hum. Lhoyd_.] +Nicholaus Perottus, Rigmanus Philesius, Aristotle, and Humfrey Llhoyd, +with diuers other, both forraine & home-writers) this Iland was first +called by the name of Albion, hauing at one time both the name and +inhabitants changed from the line of Iaphet vnto the accursed race of Cham. + +This Albion (that thus changed the name of this Ile) and his companie, +are called giants, which signifieth none other than a tall kind of men, +of that vncorrupt stature and highnesse naturallie incident to the first +[Sidenote: _Berosus_.] +age (which Berosus also seemeth to allow, where he writeth, that Noah +was one of the giants) and were not so called only of their monstrous +greatnesse, as the common people thinke (although in deed they exceeded +the vsuall stature of men now in these daies) but also for that they +tooke their name of the soile where they were borne: for _Gigantes_ +[Sidenote: What _Gigantes_ signifie] +signifieth the sons of the earth: the Aborigines, or (as Cesar calleth +them) Indigenae; that is, borne and bred out of the earth where they +inhabited. + +Thus some thinke, but verelie although that their opinion is not to be +allowed in any condition, which maintaine that there should be any +[Sidenote: _Against the opinion of the Aborigines_.] +Aborigines, or other kind of men than those of Adams line; yet that +there haue beene men of far greater stature than are now to be found, +is sufficientlie prooued by the huge bones of those that haue beene +found in our time, or lately before: whereof here to make further +relation it shall not need, sith in the description of Britaine ye +shall find it sufficientlie declared. + +[Sidenote: _Bale_. +Bergion brother to Albion. +Hercules Lybicus.] +But now to our purpose. As Albion held Britaine in subiection, so his +brother Bergion kept Ireland and the Orkenies vnder his rule and +dominion, and hearing that their coosine Hercules Lybicus hauing +finished his conquests in Spaine, meant to passe through Gallia into +Italie, against their brother Lestrigo that oppressed Italie, vnder +subiection of him & other of his brethren the sons also of Neptune; +as well Albion as Bergion assembling their powers togither, passed +ouer into Gallia, to stoppe the passage of Hercules, whose intention +was to vanquish and destroie those tyrants the sonnes of Neptune, & +their complices that kept diuers countries and regions vnder the +painefull yoke of their heauie thraldome. + +[Sidenote: The cause why Hercules pursued his cousins.] +The cause that moued Hercules thus to pursue vpon those tyrants now +reigning thus in the world, was, for that not long before, the greatest +part of them had conspired togither and slaine his father Osiris, +notwithstanding that they were nephues to the same Osiris, as sonnes to +his brother Neptune, and not contented with his slaughter, they diuided +his carcase also amongst them, so that each of them got a peece in token +of reioising at their murtherous atchiued enterprise. + +For this cause Hercules (whome Moses calleth Laabin) proclamed warres +against them all in reuenge of his fathers death: and first he killed +Triphon and Busiris in Aegypt, then Anteus in Mauritania, & the Gerions +in Spaine, which enterprise atchined, he led his armie towardes Italie, +and by the way passed through a part of Gallia, where Albion and Bergion +[Sidenote: _Pomp. Mela._] +hauing vnited their powers togither, were readie to receiue him with +battell: and so neere to the mouth of the riuer called Rhosne, in Latine +_Rhodanus_, they met & fought. At the first there was a right terrible +and cruell conflict betwixt them. And albeit that Hercules had the +greatest number of men, yet was it verie doubtfull a great while, to +whether part the glorie of that daies worke would bend. Whereupon when +the victorie began outright to turne vnto Albion, and to his brother +Bergion, Hercules perceiuing the danger and likelihood of vtter losse +of that battell, speciallie for that his men had wasted their weapons, +he caused those that stood still and were not otherwise occupied, to +stoope downe, and to gather vp stones, whereof in that place there was +great plentie, which by his commandement they bestowed so freelie vpon +[Sidenote: Hercules discomfiteith his enimies. Albion is slaine.] +their enimies, that in the end hee obteined the victorie, and did not +only put his adversaries to flight, but also slue Albion there in the +field, togither with his brother Bergion, and the most part of all their +whole armie. This was the end of Albion, and his brother Bergion, by the +valiant prowesse of Hercules, who as one appointed by Gods prouidence to +subdue the cruell & vnmercifull tyrants, spent his time to the benefit +of mankind, deliuering the oppressed from the heauie yoke of miserable +thraldome, in euerie place where he came. + +[Sidenote: The occasion of the fable of Jupiter helping his son Hercules.] +And by the order of this battell wee maye learne whereof the poets had +their inuention, when they faine in their writings, that Jupiter holpe +his sonne Hercules, by throwing downe stones from heauen in this battell +against Albion and Bergion. Moreouer, from henceforth was this Ile of +[Sidenote: How this Ile was called Albion, of the giant Albion. +_Iohn Bale_.] +Britaine called Albion (as before we haue said) after the name of the +said Albion: because he was established chiefe ruler and king thereof +both by his grandfather Osiris and his father Neptune that cunning +sailour reigning therein (as Bale saith) by the space of 44. yeares, till +finally he was slaine in maner afore remembred by his vncle Hercules +Libicus. + +After that Hercules had thus vanquished and destroied his enimies, hee +passed to and fro thorough Gallia, suppressing the tyrants in euerie +part where he came, and restoring the people vnto a reasonable kinde of +libertie, vnder lawfull gouernours. This Hercules (as we find) builded +the citie Alexia in Burgongne, nowe called Alize. Moreouer, by Lilius +Giraldus in the life of Hercules it is auouched, that the same Hercules +came ouer hither into Britaine. And this dooth Giraldus write by warrant +of such Britons as (saith he) haue so written themselues, which thing +peraduenture he hath read in Gildas the ancient Briton poet: a booke that +(as he confesseth in the 5. dialog of his histories of poets) he hath +seene. The same thing also is confirmed by the name of an head of land +in Britaine called _Promontorium Herculis_, as in Ptolomie ye may read, +which is thought to take name of his arriuall at that place. Thus much +for Albion and Hercules. + +[Sidenote: Diuers opinions why this Ile was called Albion. +See more hereof in the discription.] +But now, whereas it is not denied of anie, that this +Ile was called ancientlie by the name of Albion: yet there be diuers +opinions how it came by that name: for manie doo not allow of this +historie of Albion the giant. But for so much as it apperteineth rather +to the description than to the historie of this Ile, to rip vp and lay +foorth the secret mysteries of such matters: and because I thinke that +this opinion which is here auouched, how it tooke that name of the +forsaid Albion, sonne to Neptune, may be confirmed with as good +authoritie as some of the other, I here passe ouer the rest, & proceed +with the historie. + +When Albion chiefe capteine of the giants was slaine, the residue that +remained at home in the Ile, continued without any rule or restraint of +law, in so much that they fell to such a dissolute order of life, that +they seemed little or nothing to differ from brute beasts: and those are +they which our ancient chronicles call the giants, who were so named, as +well for the huge proportion of their stature (sithens as before is said, +that age brought foorth far greater men than are now liuing) as also for +that they were the first, or at the least the furthest in remembrance +of any that had inhabited this countrie. For this word _Gigines_, or +_Gegines_, from whence our word giant (as some take it) is deriued, is a +Greeke word, and signifieth, Borne or bred of or in the earth, for our +fore-elders, specially the Gentiles, being ignorant of the true beginning +of mankind, were persuaded, that the first inhabitants of any countrie +were bred out of the earth, and therefore when they could go no higher, +[Sidenote: _Terrae filius_ what it signifieth.] +reckoning the descents of their predecessours, they would name him _Terrae +filius_, The sonne of the earth: and so the giants whom the poets faine +to haue sought to make battell against heauen, are called the sonnes of +the earth: and the first inhabitants generally of euery countrie were of +the Greekes called _Gigines_, or _Gegines_, and of the Latines +[Sidenote: _Aborigines_. +_Indigenae_.] +_Aborigines_, and _Indigenae_, that is, People borne of the earth from the +beginning, and comming from no other countrie, but bred within the same. + +These giants and first inhabitants of this Ile continued in their +beastlie kind of life vnto the arriuall of the ladies, which some of our +chronicles ignorantly write to be the daughters of Dioclesian the king +of Assyria, whereas in deed they haue beene deceiued, in taking the +[Sidenote: The mistaking of the name of Dioclesianus for Danaus.] +word _Danaus_ to be short written for _Dioclesianus_: and by the same +meanes haue diuers words and names beene mistaken, both in our chronicles, +and in diuers other ancient written woorks. But this is a fault that +learned men should not so much trouble themselues about, considering the +[Sidenote: _Hugh the Italian_. +_Harding_. +Iohn Rous_ out of _Dauid Pencair_.] +same hath bin alreadie found by sundrie authors ling sithens, as Hugh the +Italian, Iohn Harding, Iohn Rouse of Warwike, and others, +speciallie by the helpe of Dauid Pencair a British historie, who recite +the historie vnder the name of Danaus and his daughters. And because we +would not any man to thinke, that the historie of these daughters +of Danaus is onelie of purpose deuised, and brought in place of +Dioclesianus, to excuse the imperfection of our writers, whereas +there was either no such historie (or at the least no such women that +[Sidenote: _Nennius_.] +arriued in this Ile) the authoritie of Nennius a Briton writer may be +auouched, who wrote aboue 900. yeares past, and maketh mention of the +arriuall of such ladies. + +[Sidenote: Belus priscus. +_Danaidarium porticani_.](text unclear) +To be short, the historie is thus. Belus the sonne of Epaphus, or (as +some writers haue) of Neptune and Libies (whome Isis after the death +of Apis maried) had issue two sonnes: the first Danaus, called also +Armeus; and Aegyptus called also Rameses: these two were kings among +the Aegyptians, Danaus the elder of the two, hauing in his rule the +[Sidenote: Danaus. +Aegyptus. +_Higinus_.] +vpper region of Aegypt, had by sundrie wiues 50. daughters, with whome +his brother Aegyptus, gaping for the dominion of the whole, did +instantlie labour, that his sonnes being also 50. in number, might +match. But Danaus hauing knowledge by some prophesie or oracle, that +a sonne in law of his should be his death, refused so to bestow his +daughters. Hereupon grew warre betwixt the brethren, in the end +whereof, Danaus being the weaker, was inforced to flee his countrie, +and so prepared a nauie, imbarked himselfe and his daughters, and with +them passed ouer into Greece, where he found meanes to dispossesse +Gelenor (sonne to Stenelas king of Argos) of his rightfull +inheritance, driuing him out of his countrie, and reigned in his place +by the assistance of the Argiues that had conceiued an hatred towardes +Gelenor, and a great liking towardes Danaus, who in verie deed did so +farre excell the kings that had reigned there before him, that the +Greekes in remembrance of him were after called Danai. + +But his brother Aegyptus, taking great disdaine for that he and his +sonnes were in such sort despised of Danaus, sent his sonnes with a great +armie to make warre against their vncle, giuing them in charge not to +returne, till they had either slaine Danaus, or obtained his daughters +in mariage. The yoong gentlemen according to their fathers commandement, +being arriued in Greece, made such warre against Danaus, that in the end +he was constrained to giue vnto those his 50. nephues his 50. daughters, +to ioine with them in mariage, and so they were. But as the prouerbe +saith, "In trust appeared treacherie." For on the first night of the +mariage, Danaus deliuered to ech of his daughters a sword, charging them +that when their husbands after their bankets and pastimes were once +brought into a sound sleepe, ech of them should slea hir husband, +menacing them with death vnlesse they fulfilled his commandement. They +all therefore obeied the will of their father, Hypermnestra onely +excepted, with whom preuailed more the loue of kinred and wedlocke, than +the feare of hir fathers displeasure: for shee alone spared the life of +hir husband Lynceus, waking him out of his sleepe, and warning him to +depart and flee into Aegypt to his father. He therefore hauing all the +wicked practises reuealed to him by his wife, followed hir aduice, and so +escaped. + +[Sidenote: _Pausanias_.] +Now when Danaus perceiued how all his daughters had accomplished his +commandement, sauing onelie Hypermnestra, he caused hir to be brought +forth into iudgement, for disobeieng him in a matter wherein both the +safetie and losse of his life rested: but she was acquitted by the +Argiues, & discharged. Howbeit hir father kept hir in prison, and +seeking to find out other husbands for his other daughters that had +obeied his pleasure in sleaing their first husbands, long it was yer +he could find any to match with them: for the heinous offense committed +in the slaughter of their late husbands, was yet too fresh in memorie, +and their bloud not wiped out of mind. Neuerthelesse, to bring his +purpose the better to passe, he made proclamation, that his daughters +should demand no ioinctures, and euerie suter should take his choise +without respect to the age of the ladie, or abilitie of him that came to +make his choise, but so as first come best serued, according to their +owne phantasies and likings. Howbeit when this policie also failed, +& would not serue his turne, he deuised a game of running, ordeining +therewith, that whosoeuer got the best price should haue the first choise +among all the sisters; and he that got the second, should choose next to +the first; and so foorth, ech one after an other, according to the triall +of their swiftnesse of foote. + +How much this practise auailed, I know not: but certeine it is, diuers of +them were bestowed, either by this or some other meanes, for we find that +Autonomes was maried to Architeles, Chrysanta or (as Pausanias saith) +Scea was matched with Archandrus, Amaome with Neptunus Equestris, on +whome he begat Nauplius. + +[Sidenote: _Higinus_.] +But now to returne vnto Lynceus, whome his wife Hypermnestra preserued, as +before ye haue heard. After he was once got out of the reach and danger of +his father in law king Danaus, he gaue knowledge thereof to his wife, in +[Sidenote: _Pausanias_.] +raising a fire on heigth beaconwise, accordingly as she had requested him +to doo at his departure from hir: and this was at a place which afterwards +tooke name of him, and was called Lyncea. Upon his returne into Aegypt, he +gaue his father to vnderstand the whole circumstance of the trecherous +crueltie vsed by his vncle and his daughters in the murder of his +brethren, and how hardly he himselfe had escaped death out of his vncles +handes. Wherevpon at time conuenient he was furnished foorth with men and +ships by his father, for the speedie reuenge of that heinous, vnnaturall +and most disloiall murder, in which enterprise he sped him foorth with +such diligence, that in short time he found meanes to dispatch his vncle +Danaus, set his wife Hypermnestra at libertie, and subdued the whole +kingdome of the Argiues. + +This done, he caused the daughters of Danaus (so many as remained within +the limits of his dominion) to be sent for, whome he thought not worthie +to liue, bicause of the cruell murther which they had committed on his +brethren: but yet for that they were his wiues sisters, he would not +put them to death, but commanded them to be thrust into a ship, without +maister, mate or mariner, and so to be turned into the maine ocean sea, +and to take and abide such fortune as should chance vnto them. These +[Sidenote: _Harding_ and _Iohn Rouse_ out of _David Pencair_.] +ladies thus imbarked and left to the mercy of the seas, by hap were +brought to the coasts of this Ile then called Albion, where they tooke +land, and in seeking to prouide themselues of victuals by pursute of +wilde beasts, met with no other inhabitants, than the rude and sauage +giants mentioned before, whome our historiens for their beastlie kind of +life doo call diuells. With these monsters did these ladies (finding none +other to satisfie the motions of their sensuall lust) ioine in the act of +venerie, and ingendred a race of people in proportion nothing differing +from their fathers that begat them, nor in conditions from their mothers +that bare them. + +But now peraduenture ye wil thinke that I haue forgotten my selfe, in +rehearsing this historie of the ladies arriuall here, bicause I make no +mention of Albina, which should be the eldest of the sisters, of whome +this land should also take the name of Albion. To this we answer, that as +the name of their father hath bene mistaken, so likewise hath the whole +course of the historie in this behalfe. For though we shall admit that +to be true which is rehearsed (in maner as before ye haue heard) of the +arriuall here of those ladies; yet certeine it is that none of them bare +the name of Albina, from whome this land might be called Albion. For +further assurance whereof, if any man be desirous to know all their +[Sidenote: _Higinus_. +The names of the daughters of Danaus.] +names, we haue thought good here to rehearse them as they be found in +Higinus, Pausanias, and others. 1 Idea, 2 Philomela, 3 Scillo, 4 Phicomene, +5 Euippe, 6 Demoditas, 7 Hyale, 8 Trite, 9 Damone, 10 Hippothoe, 11 +Mirmidone, 12 Euridice, 13 Chleo, 14 Vrania, 15 Cleopatra, 16 Phylea, 17 +Hypareta, 18 Chrysothemis, 19 Heranta, 20 Armoaste, 21 Danaes, 22 Scea, +23 Glaucippe, 24 Demophile, 25 Autodice, 26 Polyxena, 27 Hecate, 28 +Achamantis, 29 Arsalte, 30 Monuste, 31 Amimone, 32 Helice, 33 Amaome, 34 +Polybe, 35 Helicte, 36 Electra, 37 Eubule, 38 Daphildice, 39 Hero, 40 +Europomene, 41 Critomedia, 42 Pyrene, 43 Eupheno, 44 Themistagora, 45 +Paleno, 46 Erato, 47 Autonomes, 48 Itea, 49 Chrysanta, 50 Hypermnestra. +These were the names of those ladies the daughters of Danaus: howbeit, +which they were that should arriue in this Ile, we can not say: but it +sufficeth to vnderstand, that none of them hight Albina. So that, whether +the historie of their landing here should be true or not, it is all one +for the matter concerning the name of this Ile, which vndoubtedlie was +[Sidenote: See more in the description.] +called Albion, either of Albion the giant (as before I haue said) or by +some other occasion. + +And thus much for the ladies, whose strange aduenture of their arriuall +here, as it may seeme to manie & (with good cause) incredible, so without +further auouching it for truth I leaue it to the consideration of the +reader, to thinke thereof as reason shall moue him sith I see not how +either in this, or in other things of such antiquitie, we cannot haue +sufficient warrant otherwise than by likelie coniectures. Which as in +this historie of the ladies they are not most probable, yet haue we +shewed the likeliest, that (as we thinke) may be deemed to agree with +those authors that haue written of their comming into this Ile. But as +for an assured proofe that this Ile was inhabited with people before the +comming of Brute, I trust it may suffice which before is recited out of +Annius de Viterbo, Theophilus, Gildas, and other, although much more +might be said: as of the comming hither of Osiris, as well as in the +[Sidenote: Vlysses in Britaine.] +other parties of the world: and likewise of Vlysses his being here, who +in performing some vow which he either then did make, or before had made, +erected an altar in that part of Scotland which was ancientlie called +[Sidenote: _Iulius Solinus_.] +Calidonia, as Iulius Solinus Polyhistor in plaine words dooth record. + +¶ Vpon these considerations I haue no doubt to deliuer vnto the reader, +the opinion of those that thinke this land to haue bene inhabited before +the arriuall here of Brute, trusting it may be taken in good part, +sith we haue but shewed the coniectures of others, till time that some +sufficient learned man shall take vpon him to decipher the doubts of all +these matters. Neuerthelesse, I thinke good to aduertise the reader that +these stories of Samothes, Magus, Sarron, Druis, and Bardus, doo relie +onelie vpon the authoritie of Berosus, whom most diligent antiquaries doo +reiect as a fabulous and counterfet author, and Vacerius hath laboured to +prooue the same by a speciall treatise latelie published at Rome. + + + + +THE END OF THE FIRST BOOKE + + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles (1 of 6): The Historie of +England (1 of 8), by Raphael Holinshed + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES (1 OF 6): THE *** + +***** This file should be named 16496.txt or 16496.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/4/9/16496/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Lesley Halamek and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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