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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland
+(2 of 6): England (4 of 12), by Raphael Holinshed
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland (2 of 6): England (4 of 12)
+       Stephan Earle Of Bullongne
+
+Author: Raphael Holinshed
+
+Release Date: September 27, 2005 [EBook #16760]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Louise Pryor and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
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+
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+
+
+
+
+STEPHAN EARLE OF BULLONGNE.
+
+
+[Sidenote: 1135 An. Reg. 1.] Stephan earle of Bullongne, the sonne of
+Stephan erle of Blois, by his wife Adela, daughter to William
+Conquerour, came ouer with all speed after the death of his vncle, and
+tooke vpon him the gouernement of the realme of England, partlie through
+confidence which he had in the puissance and strength of his brother
+Theobald earle of Blois, and partlie by the aid of his brother Henrie
+bishop of Winchester and abbat of Glastenburie, although that he with
+other of the Nobles had sworne afore to be true vnto the empresse and
+hir issue as lawfull heires of king Henrie latelie deceased.
+
+[Sidenote: A tempest. _Matth. West._] The same daie that he arriued in
+England, there chanced a mightie great tempest of thunder, horrible to
+heare, and lightning dreadfull to behold. Now bicause this happened in
+the winter time, it séemed against nature, and therefore it was the more
+noted as a foreshewing of some trouble and calamitie to come.
+
+This Stephan began his reigne ouer the realme of England the second day
+of December, in the yere of our Lord 1135. in the eleuenth yeare of the
+emperour Lothair, the sixt of pope Innocentius the second, and about the
+xxvii. of Lewes the seuenth, surnamed Crassus king of France, Dauid the
+first of that name then reigning in Scotland, & entring into the twelfe
+of his regiment. [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _Wil. Mal._ _Simon Dun._] He
+was crowned at Westminster vpon S. Stephans day, by William archbishop
+of Canturburie, the most part of the Nobles of the realme being present,
+and swearing fealtie vnto him, as to their true and lawfull souereigne.
+
+Howbeit, there were diuerse of the wiser sort of all estates, which
+regarding their former oth, could haue béene contented that the empresse
+should haue gouerned till hir sonne had come to lawfull age;
+notwithstanding they held their peace as yet, and consented vnto
+Stephan. [Sidenote: Periurie punished.] But this breach of their othes
+was worthilie punished afterward, insomuch that as well the bishops as
+the other Nobles either died an euill death, or were afflicted with
+diuerse kinds of calamities and mischances, and that euen here in this
+life, of which some of them as occasion serueth shall be remembred
+hereafter. [Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._ The bishop of Salisburies
+protestation.] Yet there were of them (and namelie the bishop of
+Salisburie) which protested that they were frée from their oth of
+allegiance made to the said empresse, bicause that without the consent
+of the lords of the land she was maried out of the realme, whereas they
+tooke their oth to receiue hir for queene, vpon that condition, that
+without their assent she should not marrie with any person out of the
+realme.
+
+[Sidenote: The bishops think to please God in breaking their oth.]
+Moreouer (as some writers thinke) the bishops tooke it, that they should
+doo God good seruice in prouiding for the wealth of the realme, and the
+aduancement of the church by their periurie. For whereas the late
+deceassed king vsed himselfe not altogither for their purpose, they
+thought that if they might set vp and creat a king chéeflie by their
+especiall meanes and authoritie, he would follow their counsell better,
+and reforme such things as they iudged to be amisse. But a great cause
+that mooued manie of the lords vnto the violating thus of their oth,
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ Hugh Bigot.] was (as some authors rehearse)
+for that Hugh Bigot, sometime steward to king Henrie the first,
+immediatlie after the decease of king Henrie, came into England, and as
+well before the archbishop of Canturburie, as diuers other lords of the
+land, tooke a voluntarie oth (although most men thinke that he was hired
+so to doo bicause of great promotion) declaring vpon the same that he
+was present a little before king Henries death, when the same king
+adopted and chose his nepheue Stephan to be his heire and successour,
+bicause his daughter, the empresse had gréeuouslie displeased him. But
+vnto this mans oth the archbishop and the other lords were so hastie in
+giuing of credit. Now the said Hugh for his periurie, by the iust
+iudgment of God, came shortlie after to a miserable end.
+
+[Sidenote: _Simon Dun._] [Sidenote: 1136.] [Sidenote: _Polydor._ _Simon
+Dun._ _Matth. Paris._] But to our purpose. King Stephan (by what title
+soeuer he obteined the crowne) immediatlie after his coronation, went
+first to Reading to the buriall of the bodie of his vncle Henrie, the
+same being now brought ouer from Normandie, from whence after the
+buriall he repaired to Oxenford, and there calling a councell of the
+lords & other estates of his realme; [Sidenote: The faire promises of
+king Stephan.] amongst other things he promised before the whole
+assemblie (to win the harts of the people) that he would put downe and
+quite abolish that tribute which oftentimes was accustomed to be
+gathered after the rate of their acres of hides or land, commonlie
+called Danegilt, which was two shillings of euerie hide of land. Also,
+that he would so prouide, that no bishop sees nor other benefices should
+remaine void, but immediatlie after vpon their first vacation, they
+should be againe bestowed vpon some conuenient person meet to supplie
+the roome. Further he promised not to seize vpon any mans woods as
+forfeit, though any priuate man had hunted and killed his déere in the
+same woods, as the maner of his predecessour was. ¶ For a kind of
+forfeiture was deuised by king Henrie, that those should lose their
+right inheritance in their woods, that chanced to kill any of the kings
+déere within the same.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._ _Ran. Higd._ Licence to build castels.] Moreouer,
+he granted licence to all men, to build either castell, tower, or other
+hold for defense of themselues vpon their owne grounds. Al this did he
+chieflie in hope that the same might be a safegard for him in time to
+come, if the empresse should inuade the land, as he doubted she shortlie
+would. Moreouer he aduanced manie yoong & lustie gentlemen to great
+liuings. [Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._ In nouella historia.] For such as were
+of any noble familie, and thereto through a certeine stoutnesse of
+stomach sought preferment, easilie obteined of him the possession of
+castels and great lordships, diuerse of whom he honored with titles of
+dignitie, creating some of them earles and some lords. Now, such was
+their importunate sute in demanding, that when he had little more to
+bestow amongst them, hauing[1] alreadie giuen sundrie portions that
+belonged to the crowne, they ceassed not to be in hand with him for
+more, and being denied with reasonable excuses on his behalfe, they
+thought themselues ill dealt withall, and so turning from him, fortified
+their castels and holds, making open warre against him: as hereafter
+shall appeare.
+
+[Sidenote: The resort of strangers to serue king Stephan.] There came
+ouer vnto him also a great number of Flemings and Britons to serue him
+as souldiers, whom he reteined, to be the stronger and better able to
+defend himselfe against the malice of the empresse, by whom he looked to
+be molested he wist not how soone. Wherefore he shewed himselfe verie
+liberall, courteous, and gentle towards all maner of persons at the
+first, and (to saie truth) more liberall, familiar, and free harted than
+stood with the maiestie of a king: which was afterward a cause that he
+grew into contempt. ¶ But to such meanes are princes driuen, that
+atteine to their estates more through fauour and support of others, than
+by any good right or title which they may pretend of themselues. Thus
+the gouernement of this prince at the beginning was nothing bitter or
+heauie to his subiects, but full of gentlenesse, lenitie, courtesie, and
+mildnes.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] Howbeit whilest these things were a dooing,
+certeine of the English Nobilitie, abhorring both the king and the
+present state of his gouernment, went priuilie out of the realme into
+Scotland to king Dauid, declaring vnto him what a detestable act was
+committed by the lords of England, in that (contrarie to their oth made
+vnto the empresse Maud, and hir issue) they had now crowned Stephan.
+Wherefore they besought the said king to take in hand to reuenge such a
+vile iniurie practised against hir, and to restore the kingdome vnto the
+said empresse, which if he did, it should be a thing most acceptable
+both to God and man.
+
+[Sidenote: The king of Scots inuadeth the English marshes. _Sim. Dunel._
+_Matt. Paris._ _Polydor._] King Dauid hauing heard and well weied the
+effect of their request, foorthwith was so mooued at their words, that
+in all possible hast he assembled an armie, and entring into England,
+first tooke the citie and castell of Carleil: afterward comming into
+Northumberland, he tooke Newcastell and manie other places vpon the
+borders there. Whereof king Stephan being aduertised, streightwaies
+assembled a power, and foorthwith hasted into Cumberland, meaning to
+recouer that againe by force of armes, which the enimie had stolen from
+him by craft and subtiltie. [Sidenote: K. Stephan encamped néere to his
+enimie the K. of Scots.] At his approch néere to Carleil, he pitched
+downe his field in the euening, thinking there to staie till the
+morning, that he might vnderstand of what power the enimie was, whome he
+knew to be at hand.
+
+King Dauid also was of a fierce courage, and redie inough to haue giuen
+him battell, but yet when he beheld the English standards in the field,
+and diligentlie viewed their order and behauiour, [Sidenote: An accord
+made betwixt the two kings Stephan and Dauid.] he was at the last
+contented to giue care to such as intreated for peace on both sides.
+Wherevpon comming to king Stephan, he entred a fréendlie peace with him,
+wherein he made a surrender of Newcastell, with condition that he should
+reteine Cumberland by the frée grant of king Stephan, who hoped thereby
+to find king Dauid the more faithfull vnto him in time of need: but yet
+he was deceiued, as afterwards manifestlie appéered. For when king
+Stephan required of him an oth of allegiance, he answered that he was
+once sworne alreadie vnto Maud the empresse. Howbeit to[2] gratifie him,
+he commanded his son Henrie to receiue that oth, for the which the king
+gaue him the earledome of Huntington to hold of him for euer.
+
+[Sidenote: _Hec. Boetius._] ¶ The Scotish chronicles set out the matter
+in other order, but yet all agrée that Henrie sweare fealtie to king
+Stephan, as in the said historie of Scotland you may sée more at large.
+[Sidenote: _Simon Dun._ _Matth. Paris._ _Simon Dun._ King Stephan
+sicke.] Now after that king Stephan had concluded a peace with king
+Dauid, he returned to London, and there kept his Easter with great ioy
+and triumphes: who whilest he was yet in the middest of all his pastime,
+about Rogation wéeke, he chanced to fall sicke of a litargie, by reason
+whereof a rumor was spred ouer all the realme that he was dead. Which
+though it was but a vaine tale, and of no importance at the first, yet
+was it after the occasion of much euill. [Sidenote: False rumors what
+hurt they oftentimes doo.] For vpon that report great sedition was
+raised by the kings enimies amongst the people, the minds of his fréends
+were alienated from him, & manie of the Normans (which were well
+practised in periuries & treasons) thought they might boldlie attempt
+all mischéefes that came to hand, and hervpon some of them vndertooke to
+defend one place, and some another. [Sidenote: Hugh Bigot. Baldwin
+Reduers. Robert Quisquere.] Hugh Bigot erle of Norfolke a valiant
+chieftein entered into Norwhich, Baldwin Reduers tooke Excester, &
+Robert Quisquere got certeine castels also into his hands.
+
+King Stephan hearing what his enimies had doone, though he was somewhat
+mooued with this alteration of things, yet as one nothing afraid of the
+matter, he said merilie to those that stood about him: "We are aliue yet
+God be thanked, and that shall be knowne to our enimies yer it be long."
+Neither doubted he any thing but some secret practise of treason, and
+therefore vsing all diligence, he made the more hast to go against his
+enimies, whose attempts though streightwaies for the more part he
+repressed, yet could he not recouer the places (without much adoo) that,
+they had gotten, as Excester, and others: which when he had obteined, he
+contented himselfe for a time and followed not the victorie any further
+in pursuing of his enemies. Wherevpon they became more bold afterward
+than before; in somuch that soone after they practised diuerse things
+against him, whereof (God willing) some in places conuenient shall
+appeare: howbeit they permitted him to remaine in quiet for a time.
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] But whilest he studied to take order in things at
+home (perceiuing how no small number of his subiects did dailie shew
+themselues to beare him no hartie good will) he began by little and
+little to take awaie those liberties from the people, which in the
+beginning of his reigne he had granted vnto them, and to denie those
+promises which he had made, according to the saieng, "That which I haue
+giuen, I would I had not giuen, and that which remaineth I will kéepe
+still." This sudden alteration and new kind of rough dealing purchased
+him great enuie amongst all men in the end. [Sidenote: Geffrey earle of
+Aniou.] About the same time, great commotions were raised in Normandie
+by meanes of the lord Geffrey earle of Aniou, husband to Maud the
+empresse, setting the whole countrie in trouble: but yer any newes
+thereof came into England, king Stephan went against Baldwin Reduers,
+who being latelie (though not without great and long siege expelled out
+of Excester) got him into the Isle of Wight, [Sidenote: _Simon Dunel._
+_Wil. Paruus._ _Polydor._] and there began to deuise a new conspiracie.
+Howbeit the king comming suddenlie into the Isle, tooke it at the first
+assault, and exiled Baldwin out of the realme.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 2. 1137] [Sidenote: K. Stephan passeth into
+Normandie.] Having thus with good successe finished this enterprise, and
+being now aduertised of the businesse in Normandie, he sailed thither
+with a great armie: and being come within two daies iournie of his
+enimie the earle of Aniou, he sent foorth his whole power of horssemen,
+diuided into three parts, which were not gone past a daies iournie
+forward, but they encountred the earle, finding him with no great force
+about him. [Sidenote: The earle of Aniou put to flight.] Wherevpon
+giuing the charge vpon him, they put him to flight, and slue manie of
+his people. Which enterprise in this maner valientlie atchiued, euen
+according to the mind of king Stephan, [Sidenote: Lewes king of France.
+Eustace son to king Stephan.] he ioined in freendship with Lewes the
+seuenth king of France: and hauing latelie created his sonne Eustace
+duke of Normandie, he presentlie appointed him to doo his homage vnto
+the said Lewes for the same.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ Theobald erle of Blois.] Now whereas his
+elder brother Theobald earle of Blois at that time in Normandie, found
+himselfe greeued, that Stephan the yoonger brother had vsurped the lands
+that belonged to their vncle king Henrie, rather than himselfe, Stephan
+to stop this iust complaint of his brother, [Sidenote: K. Stephan
+agréeth with the earle of Aniou.] and to allaie his mood, agréed with
+him, couenanting to paie him yearelie two thousand marks of such current
+monie as was then in vse. Furthermore, wheras Geffrey the earle of Aniou
+demanded in right of his wife the empresse, the whole kingdome of
+England, to be at an end with him, king Stephan was contented to
+satisfie him with a yearelie pension of fiue thousand marks, which
+composition he willinglie receiued.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] Thus when he had prouided for the suertie of
+Normandie, he returned againe into England, where he was no sooner
+arriued, but aduertisement was giuen him of a warre newlie begon with
+the Scots, whose king vnder a colour of obseruing the oth to the
+empresse, [Sidenote: The Scots inuade the English borders.] made dailie
+insurrections and inuasions into England, to the great disturbance of
+king Stephan and the annoiance of his people. Wherwith being somewhat
+mooued, he went streightwaies toward the north parts, and determined
+first to besiege Bedford by the waie, which apperteined to the earledome
+of Huntington, by gift made vnto Henrie the sonne of king Dauid, and
+therevpon at that present kept with a garison of Scotish men.
+
+[Sidenote: _Simon Dun._.] This place did the king besiege by the space
+of 30. daies togither, giuing thereto euerie daie an assault or alarme,
+in somuch that cōming thither on Christmasse daie, he spared not on the
+morow to assaile them, and so at length wan the towne from them by méere
+force and strength. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 3. 1138.] [Sidenote: King Dauid
+inuaded Northumberland. _Matth. West._ _Polydor._ _Matt. Paris._ _Simon
+Dun._] King Dauid hearing those newes, and being alreadie in armour in
+the field, entered into Northumberland, and licensed his men of warre to
+spoile and rob the countrie thereabout at their pleasure. Herevpon
+followed such crueltie, that their rage stretched vnto old and yoong,
+vnto preest and clearke, yea women with child escaped not their hands,
+they hanged, headed, and slue all that came in their waie: houses were
+burnt, cattell driuen awaie, and all put to fire and sword that serued
+to any vse for reléefe, either of man or beast.
+
+¶ Here we see what a band of calamities doo accompanie and waite vpon
+warre, wherein also we haue to consider what a traine of felicities doo
+attend vpon peace, by an equall comparing of which twaine togither, we
+may easilie perceiue in how heauenlie an estate those people be that
+liue vnder the scepter of tranquillitie, and contrariwise what a hellish
+course of life they lead that haue sworne their seruice to the sword. We
+may consider also the inordinat outrages of princes, & their frantike
+fiersenes, who esteeme not the losse of their subiects liues, the
+effusion of innocent bloud, the population of countries, the ruinating
+of ample regions, &c.: so their will may be satisfied, there desire
+serued. [Sidenote: M. Pal. in suo Capric.] And therefore it was aptlie
+spoken by a late poet, not beside this purpose:
+    Reges atque duces dira impelluntur in arma,
+    Imperiúmque sibi miserorum cæde lucrantur.
+    O cæci, ô miseri, quid? bellum pace putatis
+    Dignius aut melius? nempe hôc nil terpius, & nil
+    Quod magis humanâ procul à ratione recedat.
+    [Sidenote: _Ouid._]
+      Candida pax homines, trux decet ira feras.
+
+[Sidenote: K. Stephan maketh hast to rescue the north parts.] But to our
+storie. King Stephan hearing of this pitifull spoile, hasted forward
+with great iournies to the rescue of the countrie. [Sidenote: The Scots
+retire.] The Scots put in feare of spéedie comming to encounter them,
+drew backe into Scotland: [Sidenote: K. Stephan burnt the south parts of
+Scotland.] but he pursued them, and entring into their countrie burned
+and destroied the south parts of that realme in most miserable maner.
+Whilest king Stephan was thus about to beat backe the forren enimies,
+and reuenge himselfe on them, he was assailed by other at home, & not
+without the iust vengeance of almightie God, who meant to punish him for
+his periurie committed in taking vpon him the crowne, contrarie to his
+oth made vnto the empresse and hir children. [Sidenote: Robert earle of
+Glocester.] For Robert erle of Glocester, base brother vnto the
+empresse, and of hir priuie councell, sought by all meanes how to bring
+king Stephan into hatred, both of the Nobles and commons, that by their
+helpe he might be expelled the realme, and the gouernment restored to
+the empresse and hir sonne.
+
+Such earnest trauell was made by this earle of Glocester, that manie of
+his freends which fauoured his cause, now that king Stephan was occupied
+in the north parts, ioined with him in conspiracie against their
+souereigne. [Sidenote: Bristow taken.] First the said earle himselfe
+tooke Bristowe; and after this diuerse other townes and castels there in
+that countrie were taken by him and others, with full purpose to kéepe
+the same to the behoofe of the empresse and hir sonne. [Sidenote: _Sim.
+Dun._ Talbot.] Amongst other William Talbot tooke vpon him to defend
+Hereford in Wales: [Sidenote: _Matt. Paris._ Louell. Painell. Fitz-John.
+Fitz-Alain.] William Louell held the castell of Gary: Paganell or
+Painell kept the castell of Ludlow: William de Moun the castell of
+Dunestor: Robert de Nicholl, the castle of Warram: Eustace Fitz-John,
+the castle of Walton; and William Fitz-Alain, the castle of
+Shrewesburie.
+
+When word hereof came to king Stephan, he was maruellouslie vexed: for
+being determined to haue pursued the Scots euen to the vttermost limits
+of their countrie, he was now driuen to change his mind, and thought it
+good at the first to stop the proceedings of his enimies at home, least
+in giuing them space to increase their force, they might in processe of
+time growe so strong, that it would be an hard matter to resist them at
+the last. [Sidenote: _Simon Dun._ _Matth. Paris._ The castle of Douer
+deliuered to the quéene. _Polydor._] Herevpon therefore he returned
+southward, and comming vpon his enimies, recouered out of their hands
+diuers of those places which they held, as Hereford, and the castle of
+Shrewesburie. About the same time one Walkeline yéelded the castle of
+Douer vnto the quéene, who had besieged him within the same.
+
+Now king Stephan knowing that the Scots were not like long to continue
+in quiet, returned northwards againe; [Sidenote: Thurstan archbishop of
+Yorke made lieutenant of the north ports.] and comming to Thurstan the
+archbishop of Yorke, he committed the kéeping of the countrie vnto his
+charge, commanding him to be in a redinesse to defend the borders vpon
+any sudden inuasion. Which thing the couragious archbishop willinglie
+vndertooke. By this meanes king Stephan being eased of a great part of
+his care, fell in hand to besiege the residue of those places which the
+rebels kept: but they fearing to abide the danger of an assault, fled
+away, some into one part, and some into another; whom the kings power of
+horssemen still pursuing and ouertaking by the way, slue, and tooke no
+small number of them prisoners in the chase. Thus was the victorie in
+maner wholie atchiued, and all those places recouered, which the enimies
+had fortified.
+
+[Sidenote: The Scots eftsoones inuade Northumberland.] In like maner
+when king Dauid heard that the king was thus vexed with ciuill warre at
+home, he entred England againe in most forceable wise: and sending his
+horssemen abroad into the countrie, commanded them to waste and spoile
+the same after their accustomed maner. But in the meane time he purposed
+with himselfe to besiege Yorke: which citie if he might haue woone, he
+determined to haue made it the frontier hold against king Stephan, and
+the rest that tooke part with him. Herevpon calling in his horssemen
+from straieng further abroad, he marched thitherwards, and comming neere
+to the citie, pitched downe his tents.
+
+[Sidenote: Archbishop Thurstan raiseth a power to fight with the Scots.]
+In this meane while the archbishop Thurstan, to whom the charge of
+defending the countrie cheefelie in the kings absence apperteined,
+called togither the Nobles and gentlemen of the shire and parties
+adioining, whom with so pithie and effectuall words he exhorted to
+resist the attempts of the Scots (whose cruell dooings could kéepe no
+measure) that incontinentlie all the power of the northparts was raised,
+[Sidenote: _Sim. Dunel._ Capteines of the armie.] and (vnder the leading
+of William earle of Albermarle, Walter Espeke, William Peuerell of
+Nottingham, and two of the Lacies, Walter and Gilbert) offered euen with
+perill of life and limme to trie the matter against the Scots in a pight
+field, and either to driue them out of the countrie, or else to loose
+their liues in the quarel of their prince.
+
+It chanced at this time, that archbishop Thurstan was sicke, and
+therefore could not come into the field himselfe, [Sidenote: Rafe bish.
+of Durham supplieth the roome of the archbishop.] but yet he sent Rafe
+bishop of Durham to supplie his roome, who though he saw and perceiued
+that euerie man was readie enough to encounter with their enimies; yet
+he thought good to vse some exhortation vnto them the better to
+encourage them, in maner as here ensueth.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _Sim. Dun._] "Most noble Englishmen, and ye
+right valient Normans, of whose courage the Frenchman is afraid, by you
+England is kept vnder, by you Apulia dooth flourish, and vnto you
+Jerusalem and Antioch haue yéelded their subjection. We haue at this
+present the rebellious nation of Scotland (which of right ought to be
+subiect to the crowne of England) come into the field against vs,
+thinking for euermore to rid themselues of their submission, and to
+bring both vs and our countrie into their bondage and thraldome. Now
+albeit I see in you courage sufficient, to beat them backe from any
+further attempt; yet least when you shall come to the triall, by any
+manner of chance, you should loose any péece thereof, I lamenting the
+state of my countrie (whose gréeuances I wish you should redresse) doo
+meane to vse a few words vnto you, not for that I would exhort you to
+doo any man wrong, but rather to beat them backe which offer to doo you
+iniurie. Consider therefore that you shall here fight with that enimie,
+whom you haue oftentimes vanquished, and oftentimes offending in
+periurie, haue oftentimes most worthilie punished: whome also (to be
+bréefe) raging after the maner of cruell robbers, wickedlie spoiling
+churches, and taking awaie our goods, you did latelie constreine to
+lurke in desert places and corners out of sight. Against this enimie (I
+say) therefore worthie of reuengement for his so manifold outrages, shew
+yourselues valiant, and with manlie stomaches driue him out of our
+confines. For as far as I can perceiue, the victorie is yours, God
+surelie will aid you, who cannot longer abide the sinnes of this people.
+Wherefore he that looseth his life in so iust a quarell (according to
+the saieng of our sauiour) shall find it. Let not their rash and
+presumptuous boldnesse make you afraid, sith so manie tokens of your
+approoued valiancie cannot cause them to stand in doubt of you. You are
+clad in armour, and so appointed with helmet, curase, greiues, and
+target, that the enimie knoweth not were to strike and hurt you. Then
+sith you shall haue to doo with naked men, and such as vse not to weare
+any armour at all, but more méet for brablers and ale-house quarrellers
+than men of warre vsed to the field: what should you stand in doubt of?
+Their huge number is not able to stand against your skilfull order and
+practised knowledge in all warlike feats and martiall discipline. A rude
+multitude is but a let, rather than a furtherance to atchiue the
+victorie. A small number of your worthie elders haue oftentimes
+vanquished great multitudes of enimies." As the bishop was thus speaking
+to the English armie, and before he grew to an end of his exhortation,
+the Scots approched with their battels, & first certeine of their bands
+of horssemen were sent afore, to take the higher ground: [Sidenote: The
+Englishmen set vpon the Scots.] which when the Englishmen perceiued,
+they staied not till the enimies should begin the battell, but
+straightwaies caused their trumpets to sound, and so giue the onset.
+
+The Scots were as readie to encounter with them, so that the battell
+began to be verie hot, and euen at the first out flew the arrows, and
+then the footmen ioined, who fought most fiercelie on both sides.
+[Sidenote: The Scots of Lodian disorder the Englishmen. _Simon Dun._
+_Matth. Paris._] Herewith a wing of them of Lodian, which were in the
+Scotish vauntgard, brake in vpon the vauntgard of the English: but yet
+closing togither againe, they kept out the enimies, and casting about
+with a wing, compassed the Scotish horssemen round about, and panching
+their horsses, they slue a great number, and constreined the residue to
+retire. Which thing when their felowes in the other wing saw, their
+hearts began to faint, and by and by betooke them to their heeles.
+
+The rumor of this flight being notified to the maine battell of the
+Scotish men, where king Dauid himselfe was fighting with his enimies,
+discomfited them also, in such wise, [Sidenote: The Scots put to
+flight.] that they in like began to shrinke backe: first by parts, and
+after by heapes togither. The king did what he could to staie them: but
+the English pressed so vpon them, that there was no recouerie. Wherefore
+he himselfe was glad in the end to beare his men companie, in séeking to
+saue himselfe by flight, and make such shift as he could amongst the
+residue.
+
+[Sidenote: Henrie earle of Huntington his valiancie.] His sonne Henrie
+the earle of Huntington more regarding his honour, than the danger of
+life, neither mooued with the flight of his father, nor the ouerthrow of
+the other, came in amongst his men, being readie to turne their backes,
+and with bold countenance spake these or the like words vnto them, as
+the shortnesse of the time would permit. "Whither go you good fellowes?
+Here shall you find armour and force, neither shall you, whilest life
+remaineth in your capteine (whom ye ought to follow) depart without the
+victorie. Therefore choose whether yee had rather trie the matter with
+the enimies by battell, or to be put to a shamefull death at home after
+your returns thither." The Scots mooued with these vehement words of
+their valiant capteine, recoiled vpon their enimies, and began to make
+hauocke of them: but being no great number, and beset with the English
+footmen before, and the horssemen behind, they were shortlie brought to
+distresse, and for the more part either taken or slaine.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._ _Hen. Hunt._ The number. _Simon Dun._ _Matth.
+Paris._ _Wil. Paru._ _Polydor._] At length earle Henrie perceiuing how
+the matter went, and that there was no hope left of recouerie, fled also
+with those that could escape, bitterlie cursing the frowardnesse of
+fortune, and mishap of that daies chance. The number of them that were
+killed at this battell was aboue ten thousand. In which number there
+were not manie of the English: but yet among other, Walter Lacie the
+brother of Gilbert Lacie, one of their cheefe capteines is remembered to
+be one. This battell was fought in the moneth of August, in the fourth
+of king Stephan, who hearing of this victorie, greatlie reioised, and
+gaue infinite commendations to his subiects (the Englishmen and the
+Normans) but principallie praised archbishop Thurstan and the bishop of
+Durham for their faithfull and diligent seruice shewed in this behalfe.
+
+On the other side he himselfe vsing the like good successe amongst the
+rebels at home, ouercame them, and chased them out of the land.
+[Sidenote: _Ran. Higd._ Castels recouered by king Stephan.] For in this
+meane time he had taken the castels of Hereford, Glocester, Webbeley,
+Bristowe, Dudley, and Shrewesburie. Likewise Robert earle of Glocester
+not being able to resist the king thus preuailing against his
+aduersaries on ech hand, fled into France vnto his sister the empresse.
+[Sidenote: _N. Triuet._ _Simon Dun._ _Matth. Paris._] After this, about
+Aduent, the popes legat one Alberike bishop of Hostia, held a synod at
+London, within Paules church, where by the kings consent, [Sidenote:
+Theobald archbishop of Canturburie.] Theobald abbat of Bechellouin was
+consecrated archbishop of Canturburie, being the 37. archbishop which
+had ruled that see, after Augustine the moonke.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 5. 1140.] The king hauing now accomplished his
+purpose, taken the castell of Leides, and brought the state of the
+realme to a meetlie good staie, thought it expedient after the late
+ouerthrow giuen to the Scots, to pursue the victorie, and vtterlie to
+subdue them with all expedition. [Sidenote: _Polydor._ _Matth. Paris._
+K. Stephan inuadeth Scotland.] He brought his armie therefore into
+Scotland, first wasting and spoiling the countrie, and afterward
+preparing to fight with such Scots as came foorth to defend their goods
+and houses. K. Dauid perceiuing himselfe to be too weake, made sute to
+the king for peace, which with much difficultie he obteined at length,
+[Sidenote: A peace concluded betwéene the two kings of England and
+Scotland.] by deliuering his sonne Henrie vnto king Stephan in pledge
+for the sure performance of couenants concluded vpon betwixt them.
+Herevpon king Stephan hauing thus ended his businesse in Scotland,
+returned into England: and after directing his iornie towards Wales, he
+came to Ludlow: [Sidenote: Ludlow wun.] which towne (being held by his
+aduersaries) he wan yer long out of their hands.
+
+After this he went to Oxenford, where whilest he remained, a great brute
+was spred abroad, that the empresse was comming with hir brother, the
+earle of Glocester: which caused him to put the lesse trust in his
+people from thenceforth, in so much that he began to repent himselfe
+(although too late) for that he, had granted licence to so manie of his
+subiects to build castels within their owne grounds. [Sidenote: Roger
+bishop of Salisburie. Alexander B. of Lincolne. _Wil. Malm._] For he had
+them all in suspicion: and amongst other, he vehementlie suspected Roger
+bishop of Salisburie (who had doone verie much for him) and Alexander
+bishop of Lincolne nephue to the said bishop of Salisburie, or (as some
+thought) more néere to him in kindred than his nephue, I meane, his
+sonne. [Sidenote: Castels built by the bishop of Salisburie.] For the
+said Roger had builded diuerse castels, as at Shierborne, at the Uies,
+and at Malmesburie. The said Alexander likewise following his vncles
+example, bestowed his monie that way verie fréelie, hauing builded one
+castell at Newarke, and another at Sléeford.
+
+[Sidenote: _Simon Dun._ Newarke castel built by the bishop of Lincolne.]
+The king therefore hauing committed both these bishops to prison,
+[Sidenote: The B. of Elie banished.] and furthermore sent Nigell or
+Neill the bishop of Elie into exile (which Nigell was nephue also to the
+foresaid bishop of Salisburie) he threatened to keepe them without
+either meate or drinke, if they would not cause these castels to be
+deliuered into his hands, whereby he obteined them, and moreouer found
+in the bishop of Salisburies cofers 40. thousand marks, which he tooke
+to his owne vse, by way of confiscation for his disloiall demeanor.
+[Sidenote: The bishop of Salisburie dieth of thought. _Wil. Malm._ In
+nouella historia.] This ingratitude of the king wounded the bishops
+hart, insomuch that taking thought for the losse of his houses and
+monie, he pined awaie, and died within a while after.
+
+The quarrell which was first picked at these bishops, rose by occasion
+of a fraie betwixt the bishops men and the seruants of Alaine duke of
+Britaine, about the taking vp of Innes at their comming to Oxenford. In
+which fraie one of the dukes men was killed, his nephue almost slaine,
+and the residue of his folkes sore beaten and chased. Herevpon were the
+bishops first committed to ward, and afterward handled at the kings
+pleasure, as partlie ye haue heard.
+
+[Sidenote: Fortunes inconstancie. _Wil. Paru._] ¶ Héere by the way, good
+reader, thou hast one example worthie to be marked of fickle fortunes
+inconstancie, whereof the poet speaketh verie excellentlie;
+    [Sidenote: M. Pal. in suo scor.]
+    ---- variat semper fortuna tenorem,
+    Diuerso gaudens mortalia voluere casu,
+    Nam qui scire velit, cur hunc fortuna vel illum
+    Aut premat aut sursum tollat, nimis ardua quærit:
+    Terrarum sequidem est illi concessa potestas
+    Maxima, & huic illam præfecit Iuppiter orbi.
+
+For this Roger bishop of Salisburie, was in the daies of William Rufus a
+poore préest, seruing a cure in a village néere the citie of Caen in
+Normandie. Now it chanced, that the lord Henrie the kings brother came
+thither on a time, and called for a préest to say masse before him.
+Whervpon this Roger comming to the altar, was by and by readie and
+quicke at it, and therewithall had so speedilie made an end thereof,
+that the men of warre then attendant on the said lord Henrie, affirmed
+that this préest aboue all other, was a chapleine meet to say masse
+before men of warre, bicause he had made an end when manie thought he
+had but newlie begun. Herevpon the kings brother commanded the preest to
+follow him, insomuch that when oportunitie serued, for his diligent
+seruice, and readie dispatch of matters, when Henrie had atteined the
+crowne, he was by him aduanced to great promotions: [Sidenote: The
+bishop of Salisburie made lord chancelour.] as first to be Chancelour of
+England, & after bishop of Salisburie, growing still into such
+estimation, that he might doo more with the king than any other of the
+councell.
+
+But to returne to king Stephan, who after he had thus imprisoned the
+aforesaid bishops, manned those castles which he tooke from them with
+his owne soldiers, in like maner as he had doone all the rest which he
+had taken from the rebels, that he might the better withstand the
+empresse and hir sonne, whose comming he euer feared. He began also to
+shew himselfe cruell towards all men, and namelie against those that had
+chieflie furthered his title to the obteining of the crowne. ¶ This (as
+manie tooke it) came to passe by the prouidence of almightie God, that
+those should suffer for their periuries, which contrarie to law and
+right had consented to crowne him king.
+
+[Sidenote: K. Stephan doubts whom to trust.] In déed he wist not well
+whom he might trust, for he stood in doubt of all men, bicause he was
+aduertised by credible report, that the empresse sought for aid on all
+sides, meaning verie shortlie to come into England. For this cause also
+he thought good to procure the fréendship of Lewes king of France, which
+he brought to passe, [Sidenote: He cōtracteth affinitie with the French
+king.] by concluding a mariage betwéene his sonne Eustace and the ladie
+Constance sister to the said Lewes. But within a few yeares after, this
+Eustace died, and then was Constance maried to Raimond earle of
+Tholouse.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._ _Polydor._ _Matth. Paris._ Alberike de Uéer
+pleadeth the kings cause.] In the meane time, namelie on the first daie
+of September, a councell was holden at Winchester, wherein earle
+Alberike de Ueer pleaded with great eloquence the kings case, in excuse
+of his fault for imprisoning the bishops, which was sore laid to his
+charge by his owne brother the bishop of Winchester, being also the
+popes legat: who (togither with the archbishop of Canturburie and other
+bishops) had called this councell for that purpose. Howbeit they got
+nothing of the king but faire words, and promises of amendment in that
+which had béene doone otherwise than equitie required which promises
+were vtterlie vnperformed, and so the councell brake vp.
+
+[Sidenote: The empresse landed here in England.] In the moneth of Iulie
+the empresse Maud landed here in England at Portesmouth, & went strait
+to Arundell, which towne (togither with the countie of Sussex) hir
+mother in law Adelicia king Henries second wife, wedded to William de
+Albenay, held in right of assignation for hir dower. There came in with
+the empresse hir brother Robert and Hugh Bigot, of whom ye haue heard
+before.
+
+[Sidenote: What power she brought with hir.] Some write that the
+empresse brought with hir a great armie, to the intent that ioining with
+Ranulph earle of Chester (who tooke part with Robert erle of Glocester,
+bicause the same Rob. had maried his daughter) she might fight with king
+Stephan, and trie the battell with him. [Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._
+_Polydor._] Other declare that she came to England now at the first, but
+with a small power (as seuen score horssemen or men of armes as we may
+call them) in hope of Gods assurance (who seldome faileth those that
+fight in a rightfull cause) and againe vpon trust of aid of freends, who
+for the benefits receiued at hir fathers hands, would be readie to go
+against king Stephan. Wherevpon hir brother earle Robert leauing his
+sister in the castle of Arundell, rode with all spéed vnto Glocester
+thorough his enimies countrie, not taking with him past 12. men of
+armes, and as manie archers on horssebacke, that vpon his cōming thither
+he might leuie an armie with so much speed as was possible. [Sidenote:
+Earle Robert commeth to Glocester.] Now when he came to Glocester,
+though the citie was kept with a garison of soldiours placed there by
+king Stephan, yet the townesmen, after they heard that their earle was
+approched to the gates, they droue out the garison, & receiued him into
+the towne, where he remained a time, partlie to assemble an armie, and
+partlie to practise with other townes and castels thereabouts, to reuolt
+vnto his sister. [Sidenote: _Matt. Paris._ Brian the earle of Glocesters
+sonne. Miles earle of Hereford.] Amongst all other, the earles sonne
+Brian, and Miles of Glocester were right ioifull of the news of the
+empresses arriuall, and gladlie prepared themselues to fight in defense
+of hir cause.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._ The empresse besieged in Arundell castel.] In the
+meane time king Stephan, hauing knowledge of the landing of the
+empresse, and other his enimies, came strait to Arundell, where he
+besieged hir in the castle, and spent his labour certeine daies in vaine
+about the winning of it. Howbeit at that present he did not preuaile,
+for there were certeine with him, who in fauour of the empresse bare him
+in hand, that it was not possible to win that fortresse, and therefore
+aduised him to raise his siege, and suffer the empresse to be at
+libertie to go to some other place, where he might with more ease and
+lesse damage get hir into his hands. [Sidenote: The king raiseth his
+siege.] The king not perceiuing the drift of those secret practisers,
+followed their counsell. Wherevpon the empresse being now at libertie,
+went from place to place to trie and solicit hir fréends: and as a riuer
+increaseth in the passage, so the further the ladie went, the more hir
+power increased. About the midst of the next night after the siege was
+raised, she departed out of the castle, [Sidenote: The empresse goeth to
+Bristow.] and with great iournies sped hir towards Bristow; which was
+alreadie reuolted to hir side.
+
+These things being thus bruted abroad, the Peeres of the realme resorted
+to hir, as they that well remembred how in time past by oth of
+allegiance they were suerlie bound to hir and hir issue. [Sidenote: K.
+Stephen besiegeth Wallingford.] The king in the meantime besieged the
+castle of Wallingford, but after he vnderstood that the empresse was
+gotten to Bristow, repenting himselfe for his light credit giuen to
+euill counsell, he left off the siege of Wallingford, and drew towards
+Bristow, that he might (if it were possible) inclose his aduersaries
+within that walled citie. But the empresse, being aduertised of his
+determination (by such of hir fréends as were resident about him) first
+went to Glocester, and after to Lincolne, where she prouided vittailes
+and all other things necessarie for hir armie and defense: purposing to
+remaine in that citie, till the matter were either tried by chance of
+warre betwixt hir and king Stephen, or that by the peoples helpe
+reuolting to hir side, he might be driuen out of the realme, and she
+restored to the whole gouernement. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 6. 1141.] The
+king followed hir verie earnestlie, and comming vnto Lincolne besieged
+it, assaieng on euerie side which waie he might best find meanes to win
+it, & enter into the same. [Sidenote: K. Stephen winneth Lincolne, _Ran.
+Higd._ _Simon Dun._ _Polydor._ _N. Triuet._] At length the empresse
+found shift to escape from thence, and within a little while the king
+got possession of the citie. But shortlie after, Robert earle of
+Glocester, and Ranulph earle of Chester, Hugh Bigot, and Robert of
+Morley assembling their power, aswell of Welshmen as others, to come to
+the succour of those that were thus besieged, came to Lincolne, &
+pitching downe their tents néere to the enimies, they rested the first
+night without making any great attempt.
+
+[Sidenote: The ordering of the kings armie readie to giue battell.
+_Simon Dun._ _Matt. Paris._] In the morning being the second daie of
+Februarie, so soone as it was daie, they set their men in order of
+battell, and brought them foorth in sight of the king and his host: who
+were on the other side, not meaning to refuse the conflict, ordered his
+men readie to encounter them, whome he diuided into 3. seuerall battels.
+The chiefest part of his armed men he appointed to remaine on foot,
+amongst whom he placed himselfe, with certeine noble men, as earle
+Baldwin, and others. The residue being horssemen, he disposed into two
+seuerall wings, [Sidenote: The earles of Norfolke, Hampton, Mellent, &
+Waren.] in one of which were Alaine duke of Britaine, Hugh Bigot earle
+of Norfolke, Simon earle of Hampton, and two other earles, Mellent and
+Waren: Howbeit they were not furnished with such number of men as had
+béene requisit; for as it fell out, they brought no great retinues with
+them. [Sidenote: The earle of Albermarle, William de Ypres.] The other
+wing was gouerned by the earle of Albemarle, and William de Ypres.
+
+[Sidenote: The ordering of the battels on the kings aduersaries part.]
+Now on the aduersaries side, the earle of Chester led the fore ward, and
+those whome king Stephan had disherited, were placed in the middle ward.
+In the rere ward the earle of Glocester with his companie had the rule.
+And besides those thrée battels, the Welshmen were set as a wing at one
+of the sides.
+
+Here the earle of Chester (to vtter the good will which he had to fight)
+appointed in faire armour as he was, [Sidenote: The oration of the earle
+of Chester. _Ran. Higd._] spake these words in effect as followeth,
+directing the same to the earle of Glocester, and other the capteines,
+saieng: "I giue you hartie thanks, most inuincible chiefteine, and you
+my fellow soldiers, which declare your hartie good wils towards me, euen
+to the ieoparding of your liues at this my request and instance. Sith
+then I am the occasion of your perill, it is conuenient that I make the
+first entrance, and giue the onset of the battell vpon that most
+disloiall king, who granting a truce, hath broken the peace; and
+swearing to be a subiect, is now prooued a most wicked vsurper: I
+therefore trusting both vpon reuenge of the vniust dealings of this
+king, and also vpon mine owne force and courage, shall straitwaies
+breake in sunder the arraie of his armie, and make waie through the
+middest of the enimies with sword in hand. It shall be your parts then
+to follow me, who will lead you the waie: for euen now my mind giueth
+me, that I shall passe thorough the battels, tread the capteines vnder
+foot, and run the king through with this my sharpe sword."
+
+[Sidenote: The earle of Glocesters answer to the earle of Chesters
+oration.] When he had thus ended, the earle of Glocester answered in
+this wise: "It is not against reason that you should require the honor
+of the first onset, both for the nobilitie of your house, and also in
+respect of the prowesse wherein you excell: but yet if you stand vpon
+nobilitie, for my part, being the sonne and nephue of a king, ought not
+I to be preferred? If vpon valiance, here are manie verie worthie men,
+afore whom there is not one aliue that may chalenge any prerogatiue. But
+another reason moueth me most chieflie to be the formost. The king, who
+contrarie to his oth made to my sister, hath cruellie vsurped the
+kingdoms, and setting all in trouble, hath beene the cause of manie
+thousand mens deaths, and distributed lands and liuings to such as haue
+no right to the same, which he hath violentlie taken from the rightfull
+owners, who are quite disherited. This king (I saie) is first to be
+assailed with the assistance of the righteous iudge, who prepareth
+punishment for wicked dooers. For almightie God, who iudgeth his people
+with equitie, will looke downe from his heauenlie habitation, and will
+not leaue vs comfortlesse in this so great a necessitie. One thing there
+is, most valiant capteines, and all you right hardie souldiers, which I
+would haue you to consider, that through the fennes, which much adoo you
+haue passed, there is no waie to escape by flight. [Sidenote: The
+necessitie to fight valientlie.] Here must we either vanquish the
+enimies, or else die in the field: for no hope of safegard remaineth in
+fléeing awaie. This onelie resteth (I saie) that you make waie for you
+to enter the citie with force of your weapons. If I be not deceiued in
+that which my mind giueth me to coniecture, the lacke of meanes to
+escape, otherwise than by shewing your selues valiant men, by Gods helpe
+will bring vs the victorie. For he must néeds plaie the man, who hath
+not other succor to auoid the danger of destruction The citizens of
+Lincolne, who shall fight so néere their houses as you shall sée, will
+not staie long to get them thither for their refuge. And herewith
+consider and weie (I beseech you) against whom you shall match in this
+battell. [Sidenote: Alaine duke of Brittanie.] There is Alane duke of
+Britaine, who commeth armed against you, yea rather against God, a
+wicked person, and spotted with all kind of filthinesse; who in malice
+hath no péere, as one that neuer wanted desire to doo mischéefe and who
+to be comparable in crueltie, would iudge it a great reproch. [Sidenote:
+The earle of Mellent.] There commeth also the earle of Mellent, a man
+full of all guile and deceit, in whose hart iniquitie is rooted, and
+nothing sounding in his mouth but vnthankfulnesse; besides this, he is
+slothfull in déeds, presumptuous in words, not hastie to fight, but
+swift to run awaie. [Sidenote: Earle Hugh.] Then commeth earle Hugh, who
+hath not thought it sufficient to breake his oth to my sister the
+empresse, but he must commit periurie the second time, in aduouching
+(vpon a new oth) that king Henrie granted the kingdome to Stephan, and
+disabled his daughter. After him marcheth the earle of Albemarle, a man
+of singular constancie in euill, verie readie to attempt and loth to
+giue ouer a mischeefe: [Sidenote: The earle of Albermerles wife.] whose
+wife, through irkesomnes of his filthie behauiour is gone from him; & he
+that keepeth hir, cōmeth with him also against vs, an open adulterer, &
+one well esteemed of Bacchus, but nothing acquainted with Mars.
+[Sidenote: Simon earle of Hampton.] Then setteth foorth Simon earle of
+Hampton, whose déeds consist in words, & whose gifts rest in promises.
+For when he hath said, he hath doone; & when he hath promised, ye get no
+more. Finallie there come togither a knot of Péeres & Noble men, [Like
+maister, like seruants.] like to their king and maister, accustomed to
+robberies, enriched with rapines, embrued with manslaughters, & defamed
+with periurie. You therefore (most valiant capteins & hardie souldiers)
+whom king Henrie hath aduanced, and this man hath brought vnder foot;
+whom he made wealthie, and this man hath impouerished; vpon trust of
+your worthy valiancie, yea rather vpon trust of Gods iustice seeke your
+reuenge thus offered by God vpon these wicked wretches, & with manlie
+stomachs vow to go forward, & forswere stepping back." When the earle
+had made an end, all the armie (lifting vp their hands to Gods) abiured
+all intention to flée, and so made themselues readie to set forward.
+
+King Stephan hauing no pleasant voice of himselfe, appointed earle
+Baldwin to giue an exhortation to his armie, wherevpon getting himselfe
+to an high place where he might be seene & heard of them, he thus began.
+[Sidenote: Earle Baldwin his oration on the behalfe of king Stephan.]
+"All such as shall giue battell, ought to foresée thrée things:
+[Sidenote: Thrée things to be foreséene by them that shall giue
+battell.] first, that their cause be righteous: secondlie, the number of
+their men to be equall at the least: and thirdlie, the goodnesse and
+sufficiencie of them. The righteousnes of their cause ought to be
+regarded, least men runne in danger of the soule; the number of men is
+to be respected, least they should be oppressed with multitude of
+enimies; and the goodnesse of the soldiers is to be considered, least
+trusting in the multitude, they should presume vpon the aid of feeble
+persons, & such as are of small valure. In all these points we see our
+selues sufficientlie furnished. The iustice of our cause is this: that
+obseruing the thing which we vowed to our king before God, we stand to
+the same against those that haue falsified their faith, euen to the
+perill of death. Our number is not much lesse in horssemen, and in
+footmen we excéed them. As for the goodnesse or sufficiencie of our men,
+who is able to expresse the noble prowesse of so manie earles, of so
+manie lords and soldiers, trained vp euer in warres: The passing
+valiancie of our king may stand in place of innumerable souldiers. Sith
+then he being the lords annointed, is here amongst you, vnto whom ye
+haue vowed allegiance, performe your vow. For the more earnestly and
+faithfully ye serue your prince in this battell, which you are readie to
+fight against periured persons, the more shall your reward be at the
+hands of God and him. Therfore be of good comfort, & haue in remembrance
+against whom you doo darraine the battell. [Sidenote: Erle Robert.] The
+force of erle Robert is well knowne, his maner is to threaten much, & to
+worke little, furious in words, eloquent of speach, but cold or rather
+dead harted in déeds. [Sidenote: The earle of Chester.] The earle of
+Chester what is he? A man of vnreasonable boldnesse, bent to
+conspiracie, inconstant to performe that which he rashlie taketh in
+hand, readie to run into batell, vncircumspect in danger, practising
+things of great importance, séeking after things vnpossible, bringing
+with him few good soldiers, but gathering a vagrant rout of rascals.
+There is nothing in him that we ought to be afraid of, for looke
+whatsoeuer he attempteth manfullie, the same he giueth ouer womanlie, in
+all his dooings vnfortunate, in all encounters either he is ouercome and
+fléeth awaie, or if he get the vpper hand (which seldome times chanceth)
+he susteineth greater losse than they whom he dooth vanquish.
+
+"The Welshmen, whom he bringeth with him are little estéemed of vs, who
+pretend a naked rashnesse without any vse of armor, so that as men
+without any knowledge of martiall policie, they fall as brute beasts
+vpon the hunters iaueline. The other, as well the nobles as the common
+souldiers are but runnagates and vagabounds; of whom I would wish the
+number greater than it is: for the more they be, the woorse in effect
+their seruice shall prooue in time of need. You therefore (most worthie
+cheefetaines) you men of honor, it standeth you vpon to haue in regard
+your vertue and dignities. This day aduance your renowme, and follow the
+foresteps of your famous ancestors, leaue to your sonnes an euerlasting
+commendation. [Sidenote: Continuall good successe a prouocation of
+boldnesse.] The continuall successe of victorie ought to be a
+prouocation vnto you to doo manfullie: the continuance of euil speed may
+be to yonder side an occasion to run away. For euen alreadie (I dare
+say) they repent them of their comming hither, and could be contented to
+be gone, if the nature of the place would suffer them to depart. Then
+sith it is not possible for them either to fight or to flée, what other
+thing can they doo, but (as appointed by Gods ordinance) offer
+themselues and all they haue about them presentlie vnto vs. Yée sée then
+their horsses, their armour, and their bodies readie here at your
+pleasure, lift vp your hearts therefore, and reach your hands to take
+that with great chearefulnesse of mind, which the Lord hath thus offered
+and freelie presented vnto you."
+
+Now yer he had all made an end of his words, the batels were readie to
+ioine, they met with great noise of trumpets and other instruments, and
+the fight began with a verie sore and cruell slaughter. [Sidenote:
+_Matth. Paris._ _Hen. Hunt._] Hard it was in the beginning to gesse who
+should haue the better. The wing of the disherited men ouerthrew and
+bare downe their aduersaries, which were led by the duke of Britain, and
+the forenamed earles. On the contrarie part, the earle of Albemarle and
+William de Ypres put the Welshmen to flight, but by the earle of Chester
+and his retinue, the same earle and William de Ypres were fiercelie
+assailed afresh, and put out of order. [Sidenote: _W. Paru._ _Hen.
+Hunt._] Thus was the kings side put to the worse, namelie his horssemen,
+who being placed in the forefront, and there ouermatched, fell to
+galoping. Which thing when the king beheld, he was not yet any whit
+therewith abashed, but like an hardie captein (as he was no lesse
+indéed) comforted his footmen whom he had about him, and rushing vpon
+his enimies, [Sidenote: _Polydor._] bare them down, and ouerthrew so
+manie as stood before him, so that with the point of his weapon he made
+himselfe waie. His footmen, who were but a few in number to the
+multitude of his enimies, counteruailed in all points the prowes and
+manlike dooings of their king and capteine, insomuch that few battels
+had beene better fought, nor with greater slaughter on both sides, if
+the kings fore ward (which in maner at the first shranke backe and was
+disordered, not without some supicion of treason) had staied the brunt
+of the enimies a while, as it had béene requisite. At length the king
+encountring with the earle of Chester, being ouercharged with multitude,
+was taken prisoner by one William de Cahames.
+
+[Sidenote: _Simon Dun._ _Hen. Hunt._] Earle Baldwine, who had made the
+oration in the kings behalfe, was also taken, after he had fought
+valiantlie and receiued manie sore wounds: likewise Richard Fitzvrse,
+who on that daie had shewed good proofe of his manhood, [Sidenote:
+_Matth. Paris._] and had giuen and received manie a sore stripe. To
+conclude, all those that abode with the king, [Sidenote: _W. Paru._] and
+namelie all the footmen were taken prisoners, those which were slaine in
+the place excepted. This battell was fought in the sixt yeare of king
+Stephans reigne, vpon Candlemas daie, being sundaie, as Niger saith.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._ The king led to Bristow.] The king being
+apprehended and brought to the empresse lieng at Glocester, was
+commanded by hir to be conueied in safetie vnto Bristow, where he was
+kept as prisoner from that time of his taking, vntill the feast of All
+saints next ensuing. [Sidenote: _W. Paru._] Not long after this field
+fought, as ye haue heard, Geffrey earle of Aniou husband to the
+empresse, receiuing aduertisement of this victorie atchiued in England,
+foorthwith inuaded Normandie, inducing all the Nobles of the countrie to
+incline vnto him: for by publishing the captiuitie of king Stephan, it
+was easie for him to come by the possession of the same.
+
+[Sidenote: The king of Scots taketh Northumberland into his possession.
+_Polydor._ The empresse foloweth the victorie.] Moreouer, Dauid king of
+Scotland entred into Northumberland, and by commandement of the empresse
+tooke the countrie into his hands, whilest she (like a woman of great
+wisedome, as she was no lesse indéed) iudging that it stood hir vpon to
+vse the victorie which fell to hir lot, slept not hir businesse, but
+went forward, and setting from Glocester, she came to Winchester, where
+she was honorablie receiued of bishop Henrie, though he was king
+Stephans brother, and inwardlie lamented the misfortune of the king.
+Then came she backe againe to Wilton, and so to Oxenford, from thence to
+Reading, and then to S. Albons, into all which cities and townes she was
+receiued with great triumph and honour.
+
+[Sidenote: Shée cōmeth to London.] Hauing thus passed through all the
+south parts of the realme on that side, she finallie came to London,
+where the citizens welcomed hir in most ioifull and hartie maner. Now
+being come to London, and consulting with those of hir councell for the
+quieting of the whole state of the realme, [Sidenote: The quéene sueth
+to the empresse for the deliuerie of hir husband.] queene Maud wife to
+king Stephan (for so she was also called) made humble suit vnto hir to
+haue hir husband set at libertie, promising that he should resigne his
+whole claime and title into hir hands, and content himselfe with a
+priuate life. But hir suit was so farre off from being granted, that she
+was reiected and cast off with reprochfull words. Wherevpon she
+conceiued a most high displeasure, and vnderstood well inough; that
+peace was to be purchased by force of armes onelie, and not by any other
+meanes: insomuch that with all diligence she sent to hir sonne Eustace
+(then being in Kent) & willed him to prepare an armie, which he did most
+spéedilie.
+
+It chanced at the same time that the citizens of London made great and
+laborious suit vnto the said empresse, that they might haue the lawes of
+king Edward the Confessour restored, and the straight lawes of hir
+father king Henrie abolished. But for so much as they could get no grant
+of their petition, and perceiued the empresse to be displeased with them
+about that importunat request, wherein onelie she ouershot hir selfe,
+[Sidenote: The Londoners conspire to take the empresse.] they deuised
+how and by what meanes they might take hir prisoner, knowing that all
+the Kentishmen would helpe to strengthen[3] them in their enterprise.
+But reckoning with hir selfe that
+    Nil poterit propera tutius esse fuga,
+[Sidenote: Shée fled in the night time out of the citie.] And being
+warned thereof, she fled by night out of the citie, and went to
+Oxenford, determining to be reuenged vpon hir aduersaries when time
+should serue hir turne. Herewith she began to wax more displeased both
+against those Nobles whom she kept in prison, & other also whom she
+troubled, but namelie king Stephan, whom she commanded to be loden with
+yrons, and serued with verie slender diet.
+
+[Sidenote: _N. Triuet._] Now when she had thus fled out of London, which
+was about the feast of the natiuitie of S. John Baptist, the tower of
+London was besieged, [Sidenote: Geffrey de Mandeuile.] which Geffrey de
+Mandeuile held, and valiantlie defended. The same Geffrey rushing out on
+a time, came to Fulham, [Sidenote: The bishop of Londō taken.] where he
+tooke the bishop of London then lodging in his manor place, being one of
+the contrarie faction.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] Henrie bishop of Winchester perceiuing the wrath
+of the empresse more and more to increase dailie against hir people,
+thinking it wisedome to serue the time, manned all the castels which he
+had builded within his dioces; [Sidenote: Castells fortified by the
+bishop of Winchester.] as at Waltham, Farnham, and other places and
+withdrew himselfe into the castell of Winchester, there to remaine, till
+he might sée to what end the furie of the woman would grow. This being
+knowne, the empresse tooke vnto hir Dauid king of Scotland that was hir
+vncle, who immediatlie ioining their armies togither, went to Winchester
+and besieged the castell. In the meane time the quéene and hir sonne
+Eustace, with the helpe of their freends, as the Kentishmen, the
+Londoners and other had assembled a great armie, [Sidenote: William de
+Ypresse. _Ia. Meir._] and appointed the gouernement and generall conduct
+thereof vnto one William of Ypres a Fleming, who for his valiancie was
+by king Stephan created earle of Kent: he was sonne to Philip of
+Flanders, begotten of a concubine, his father also was sonne to Robert
+earle of Flanders, surnamed Frisius. This William was banished out of
+his countrie by Theodorike Elsas earle of Flanders, bicause he attempted
+to bereaue him of his earledome.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._ In nouella historia. _N. Triuet._ _Sim. Dun._
+_Polydor._ The empresse armie put to flight. _Wil. Malm._ Robert earle
+of Glocester taken prisoner. _Matth. Paris._] The quéenes armie thus
+committed to his guiding, came néere vnto Winchester, and kept the
+empresse and hir people in maner besieged: at length perceiuing the
+aduantage after the comming of a great supplie of Londoners to their
+aid, they set vpon hir armie as the same was departing, with such
+violence, that straightwaies hir host was put to flight and discomfited.
+The empresse was glad to faine hir selfe dead, and so to be conueied in
+a coch as a dead corps vnto Glocester. Hir brother Robert with manie
+other of the Nobles that staied behind, till she and other might get out
+of danger, were taken prisoners. And bicause the king was kept at
+Bristow vnder the custodie of the said Robert, the queene caused him to
+be hardlie handled, that he might prooue the words of the gospell true:
+"With what measure yée meat vnto other, with the same by other shall it
+be remeasured vnto you." He had deserued verie euill of the king
+heretofore, and therefore it was now remembred. He was taken (in maner
+abouesaid) on the feast day of the exaltation of the crosse.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._ _N. Triuet._ Dauid king of Scots retired home.
+_Simon Dun._ _R. Houe._ Alberike de Uéer slaine. _Wil. Malm._
+_Polydor._] Dauid king of Scotland was not at the battell himselfe, but
+hearing of the discomfiture, got him out of the countrie, and by helpe
+of trustie guides returned into Scotland, whilest Alberike de Uéer was
+slaine at London in a seditious tumult raised by the citizens. The
+kingdome being thus diuided into two seueral factions, was by all
+similitudes like to come to vtter ruine: for the people kindled in
+hatred one against another, sought nothing else but reuenge on both
+sides, and still the land was spoiled and wasted by the men of warre
+which lodged within the castels and fortresses, and would often issue
+out to harrie and spoile the countries. But now that the two cheefest
+heads were prisoners, there was good hope conceiued that God had so
+wrought it, whereby might grow some ouerture of talke, to quiet such
+troubles by fréendlie peace and agreement.
+
+Herevpon those lords that wished well to the common-wealth, began to
+intreate betwixt them, and articles were propounded for a concord to be
+had, and an exchange of prisoners on both sides. But the empresse and
+hir brother would not hearken to any agréement, except that the realme
+might wholie remaine to the said empresse. [Sidenote: _Geruasius
+Dorober._ The king and the earle of Glocester deliuered by exchange.]
+Whereby the enimies were rather increased than decreased by his treatie,
+so that at length the king and the earle (weried with tedious
+yrksomnesse of yrons and hard imprisonment, and putting all their hope
+in the chance of war) about the feast of All saints made by deliuering
+of the one for the other, without making mention of any peace at all:
+and so kindled with new displeasures, they renewed the warre.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 7. 1142.] King Stephan being deliuered in such wise
+as you haue heard, comming to London, and there being accompanied with
+his brother Henrie bishop of Winchester (then the popes legat) Theobald
+archbishop of Canturburie, and others, [Sidenote: _Geruasius
+Dorobernensis._ A parlement called.] he called a parlement, wherein the
+king declared the present state, how the enimie was brought to this
+point, that if it would please the Nobles of the realme to mainteine him
+with men & monie, he trusted now so to worke, as they should not need to
+feare submission to the yoke of a womans gouernment: which at the first
+they seemed much to mislike, and now sithens (to their great gréefe) had
+prooued to be intollerable. The summe of his talke tended to this end,
+that those which were able of themselues to aid him with their owne
+persons, should prepare them out of hand so to doo; and the residue that
+were not meet (as bishops, and such like maner of men) should be
+contributors to aid him with hired souldiers, armour, and monie.
+
+This was gladlie agréed vpon, with the generall consent of all the
+assemblie. And bicause the bishops shewed themselues verie liberall
+towards the aduancing of the kings purpose, [Sidenote: A statute
+established in fauour of préests.] there was a statute made at the same
+parlement, that who so euer did laie any violent hands on a sacred
+person, or else tooke vpon him to apprehend any of them, for what fault
+soeuer, without the bishops licence, he should be accursed, and not be
+assoiled of any maner of person, except of the pope, as by a canon it
+was alreadie decréed but not obeied among the Englishmen till that daie.
+¶ The cause of making this statute was chéeflie, for that preests during
+the time of the ciuill wars, were dailie either slaine, or taken
+prisoners, and so put to their ransoms, or charged with great penalties
+and gréeuous fines.
+
+The bishop of Winchester at this councell also began an other brall
+among the cleargie, for being brother to king Stephan, & armed with the
+popes authoritie as his legat in England, by reason of exercising his
+authoritie, fell at variance with the bishop of Canturburie, who tooke
+himselfe for his superior, bicause he was his primat. This quarell grew
+so far in question, that they went both to Rome to haue the controuersie
+decided, and so bringing their sutes thither, contented well the eares
+of them that had the hearing of the same: for the more weightie the
+cause seemed, the better it liked them.
+
+[Sidenote: Paul. Lang. in Chron. citizen. pag. 760.] ¶ A late writer,
+noting in clergiemen of his age & countrie not onelie the aspiring vice
+of ambition, but other disorders also, and monstrous outrages, after a
+complaint made that gold (by which title he calleth those of the
+ecclesiasticall order) is turned into drosse, and swéet wine become tart
+vineger, concludeth with the illation of the cause hereof comprised in
+this metricall accouplement, saieng:
+    Dum factor rerum priuaret flamine clerum,
+    Ad satanæ volum successit turba nepotum.
+
+Which he inferred vpon occasion against the preposterous elections of
+vnmeet men into episcopall sées, for that they were not so qualified as
+the dignitie of the place required; otherwise peraduenture enabled with
+competent knowledge and learning. And suerlie, we may note these
+inordinate affections from the beginning of this our chronicle in the
+best (I meane in respect of their estates) of this liuerie, and may
+iustlie impute it to the defection of Gods spirit in them, whose nature
+is to plant peace and méekenesse in the harts of his tenants, not
+discord, not ambition, not the works of darknesse, which beséeme not the
+children of light. But to the purpose.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ Earle Robert passeth ouer into Normandie.] As
+the king began (after his libertie obteined) to prouide for warres, so
+earle Robert (after he was discharged) sailed ouer into Normandie,
+taking with him the sonnes of diuerse Noble men who fauored the
+empresse, whome he deliuered to hir husband the earle of Aniou to be
+kept as pledges, & earnestlie besought him to passe ouer into England
+with an armie to aid the empresse. [Sidenote: Normandie woone by the
+earle of Aniou.] Howbeit bicause he was newlie intred into the conquest
+of Normandie, and had alreadie won the most part thereof, he thought
+good to make first an end of his warres there, hauing somewhat to doo
+against certeine rebels of his owne countie of Aniou, which did not a
+little molest him. But he recouered (whilest the earle of Glocester was
+there with him) Alney, Mortaigne, Tenerchbray, and diuerse other places
+perteining chieflie to the earle of Mortaigne: about the same time also
+they of Constances submitted themselues vnto him. Thus the earle of
+Aniou being occupied in those parties, could not well come into England.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._ Earle of Glocester returneth.] Wherevpon the
+earle of Glocester came backe againe himselfe, and bringing with him
+somewhat lesse than foure hundred men of armes (imbarked in 52. ships)
+landed with the same at Warrham, and besieged the castell there,
+[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] which his enimies had won out of his hands
+whilest he was absent in Normandie. In the end they that were within it
+(vnder the gouernment of Herebert de Lucy) fell to agreement by
+composition, [Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._] that if they were not succoured by
+a certeine time, they should deliuer the castell vnto the earle. King
+Stephan himselfe the same time held a siege before Oxford, within the
+which he had inclosed the empresse, as hereafter shall be shewed: so
+that they within the castell of Warrham had no succour sent vnto them,
+and therefore (according to the articles of their composition) they
+yeelded vp the hold, after erle Robert had lien three wéekes before it.
+
+[Sidenote: The ile of Portland. Circester.] This castell being thus
+woone, earle Robert subdued also such as kept the ile of Portland, and
+had fensed it after the maner of a fortresse: afterwards he came to
+Circester, and there assembled all those that fauoured the part of the
+empresse, meaning with all conuenient spéed to go to Oxford, & there to
+giue battell to king Stephan, if he would abide it. Who after his
+deliuerance from captiuitie, had assembled a great host of men,
+[Sidenote: The empresse besieged in Oxford.] and comming to Oxford,
+where the empresse then laie, suddenlie besieged hir, before she looked
+for him. And to the end also that he might compell the townsmen to
+yeeld, or else kéepe them from entring which would come to their
+succors, he ranged abroad into the countrie with part of his armie,
+wasting all afore him by fire & sword. This siege continued almost two
+moneths, in maner from his deliuerie in the beginning of Nouember,
+vntill Christmasse immediatlie following: in somuch that through lacke
+of vittels they within the towne began to raise mutinies. The empresse
+therefore doubting the sequele, and séeing hir prouision to decaie,
+deuised a shift how to escape that present danger, which by force she
+was vnlikelie to performe.
+
+[Sidenote: _N. Triuet._ _Simon Dun._ _Wil. Paru._ _Ran. Higd._ _Matth.
+Paris._ The empresse escapeth out of Oxford. _Polydor._ _Wil. Malm._
+_Simon Dun._ _Matth. Paris._ Brian sonne to the earle of Glocester.] It
+was a verie hard winter that yeare, the Thames and other riuers
+thereabouts were frosen, so that both man and horsse might safelie passe
+oner vpon the yce, the fields were also couered with a thicke and déepe
+snow. Herevpon taking occasion, she clad hir selfe and all hir companie
+in white apparell, that a far off they might not be discerned from the
+snow; and so by negligence of the watch that kept ward but slenderlie,
+by reason of the excéeding cold weather, she and hir partakers secretlie
+in the night issued out of the towne, and passing ouer the Thames, came
+to Walingford, where she was receiued into the castell by those that had
+the same in kéeping to hir vse: of whom Brian the sonne to the erle of
+Glocester was the chiefe.
+
+¶ Here we may see the subtiltie of the empresse, whereby she obteined
+frée and safe passage out of hir enimies hands, who otherwise had taken
+hir in their net. [Sidenote: _Aeneas Syluius._] So that it will be true,
+that hath neuer béene false, which Æneas Syluius (and before him many
+more driuing vpon the like argument) dooth saie in this distichon:
+    Non audet stygius Pluto tentare, quod audent
+      Effrænis monachus plenáque fraudis illa,
+
+Meaning Mulier, a woman. And therefore looke what they want in
+magnanimitie, in strength, in courage, the same is supplied by deceit,
+by circumuention, by craft, by fraud, by collusion; sometimes applied to
+a good intent, but most commonlie directed to an euil meaning and
+purpose, as the euents themselues doo manie times declare. But let vs
+sée what followed vpon this escape of the empresse.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._ _Simon Dun._ _N. Triuet._] After hir departure
+from Oxford, the townesmen yeelded vnto the king, who hauing taken order
+for the kéeping of them in obedience, marched toward Walingford, minding
+to besiege the castell there: but being encountred in the way by his
+enimies, he was driuen backe, and so constreined to turne another waie.
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 8. 1143] Earle Robert hearing that his sister was
+escaped and gotten to Wallingford, hasted thither with all spéed to
+visit hir: [Sidenote: The empress hir sonne lord Henrie.] & (as some
+write) brought with him hir sonne the lord Henrie that was come with him
+from beyond the seas, to sée his mother: so that the empresse now
+beholding both hir sonne and brother, receiued them with all the ioy and
+honour that she could or might presentlie make them. Hir son remaining
+vnder the gouernement of earle Robert, was then appointed by him to
+abide within the citie of Bristow, & there continued for the space of 4.
+yéeres, being committed to one Matthew his schoolemaister, to be
+instructed in knowledge, and trained vp in ciuill behauiour.
+
+King Stephan (after the spoiling of sundrie churches, the robbing and
+burning of manie townes and villages by the hands of his hired
+souldiers, who for the more part were Flemings) came at length with his
+brother the bishop of Winchester stronglie armed vnto Wilton, [Sidenote:
+The king commeth to Wilton.] where he tooke in hand to fortifie the
+nunrie in steed of a castell, to resist the incursions and inrodes of
+them of Salisburie, who in the behalfe of the empresse had doone manie
+displeasures vnto his fréends: but earle Robert vnderstanding of his
+dooings, got a power togither with all speed, and the first daie of
+Julie about sunne setting came to Wilton, and suddenlie set the towne on
+fire.
+
+The king being lodged within the nunrie, and fearing no such matter,
+after he heard of the sudden assemblie of his enimies, was put in such
+feare, that he tooke himselfe dishonourablie to flight, leaning his men,
+his plate, and other riches altogither behind him. [Sidenote: _Wil.
+Par._ _Sim. Dun._ _M. Triuet._ _Matt. Paris._] The earles souldiers
+egerlie assailed the kings people, killed and spoiled them at their
+pleasure, rifled the kings treasurie without resistance, and satisfied
+themselues with greedines. In this broile was William Marcell or Martell
+taken prisoner by earle Roberts men, & led to the castell of
+Wallingford, where Brian the earle of Glocesters sonne hauing charge of
+that castell, kept him in close prison, and vsed him hardlie, who by
+reason of the opinion which men had conceiued of his valiancie, could
+not be deliuered, till he had paid 300. marks for his ransome, and
+deliuered the castell of Shirborne into the earles hands. [Sidenote:
+Miles earle of Hereford deceased.] Within a few daies after, Miles earle
+of Hereford departed this life, whose death was verie gréeuouslie taken
+of the empresse, for he was one of hir chéefe fréends and councellers.
+His eldest sonne Roger succéeded him, a gentleman though yoong in
+yeares, yet valiant and forward in feats of armes. [Sidenote: _Ger.
+Dor._ The earle of Essex taken.] William Mandeuile earle of Essex, an
+ancient capteine, & an expert warriour (who had serued the empresse, was
+taken also at S. Albons) but not without great slaughter of the kings
+souldiers: [Sidenote: The earle of Arundell.] in so much that among
+other, the erle of Arundell mounted on a couragious palfrie & a verie
+valiant man was ouerthrowen the middest of a water called Haliwell, by a
+knight named Walkeline de Orcaie, so that same earle was sore bruised in
+his bodie, and almost drowned. [Sidenote: _N. Triuet._ _Wil. Paru._] The
+king was present himselfe at the taking of the said Mandeuile, whom he
+spoiled of all his goods, and constreined by way of redemption of his
+libertie, to deliuer into the kings hands the Tower of London, the
+castell of Walden, and Pleshey. Here vpon the same earle being released
+was driuen through pouertie to seeke some recouerie of his losses by
+sundrie spoiles and roberies. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 9. 1144.] First of all
+therefore he spoiled the abbeie of S. Albons, and then the abbeie of
+Ramsey, which he fortified and defended as a fortresse, [Sidenote: _Hen.
+Hunt._] casting the moonks out of doores, and in euerie place where
+soeuer he came, he robbed the countrie before him, till at length in the
+midst of his reuenge and malicious dooings, he was shot thorough with
+an arrow amongst his men by a sillie footman, and so ended his life with
+confusion, receiuing worthie punishment for his vngodlie behauiour.
+[Sidenote: _Sim. Dunel._ _Iohn Pike._ _Matth. West._ _N. Triuet._] For
+he was a man of high stomach & loftie courage, but verie obstinate
+against God, of great industrie in worldlie businesse, but passing
+negligent towards his maker, as writers report of him.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._ _Wil. Paru._] Likewise Robert Marmion, who had
+attempted the semblable robberie & spoile in the abbeie church of
+Couentrie, was slain before the same abbeie by a like mischance. For
+going foorth to encounter with the earle of Chester (his mortall enimie,
+and being approched as then towards the citie) he fell with his horsse
+into a ditch, which he caused to be couertlie made for the destruction
+of his enimies: and before he could be relieued, a souldier of the
+earles part stept to him, and stroke his head from his shoulders in
+sight of both armies. Ernulfus the sonne of earle Geffrey Mandeuile that
+kept the church of Ramsey as a fortresse, after his fathers death, was
+taken at length and banished.
+
+¶ Thus we see how Gods iudgement hunteth and pursueth the wicked, in
+somuch that they be ouertaken in their owne imaginations: according to
+that of the scripture, "The wicked and bloudthirstie man shall not liue
+halfe his daies." And true it is, that as men liue, so commonlie they
+die: for, as one saith verie well:
+[Sidenote: M. Pal. in suo scor.]
+                      ---- bona nulla scelestis
+    Et iustis mala nulla quidem contingere possunt.
+
+About the same time aduertisement was giuen, that the citie of Lincolne,
+which the earle of Chester had in keeping, was but slenderlie manned.
+Wherevpon the king conceiuing some hope to win the same, hasted forward:
+[Sidenote: Lincolne besieged.] and comming thither in the night, laid
+siege therevnto, and began to cast a trench to stop them within frō
+making any salies without.
+
+The earle at the first being somewhat amazed with the sudden approch of
+the enimie, yet beholding from the walles the maner of them without, he
+perceiued the rankes to be verie thin: and thereby gessing their number
+to be but small, suddenlie issued foorth at the gates to encounter with
+them. [Sidenote: The siege raised.] The king abode not the giuing of the
+charge, bicause he was but weake and therefore fled; neither could the
+earle follow the chace conuenientlie, for the like cause; [Sidenote: _N.
+Triuet._] but setting vpon those that were about to make the trench, he
+slue 80. of the workmen, and then retired into the castell.
+
+[Sidenote: A child crucified by the Jewes.] This yeare was an heinous
+act committed by the Jewes at Norwich, where they put a child to death,
+in crucifieng him vpon a crosse to the reproch of Christian religion.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _Simon Dun._] [Sidenote: An. Reg. 10. 1145.]
+[Sidenote: A castell built at Faringdon. _Hen. Hunt._ The king winneth
+it by force.] In the yeare following; namelie, in the 10. yeare of king
+Stephans reigne, Robert earle of Glocester and other capteins took in
+hand to build a castell at Faringdon. But King Stephan assembling an
+armie of Londoners and other, came thither, and besieged them within.
+Now whilest earle Robert and others of the empresses capteins remaining
+not far off, taried for a greater power to come to their aid, the king
+with sharpe assaults (but not without losse of his men) wan the
+fortresse: whereby his side began to wax the stronger, and to be more
+highlie aduanced. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 11. 1146.] After this he came with
+a mightie armie vnto Wallingford, and there builded a strong castell
+ouer against the other castell which his aduersaries held against him.
+
+[Sidenote: _Ran. Higd._ _Matth. Paris._ _N. Triuet._ _Simon Dun._]
+Thither also came the earle of Chester with a great traine of knights
+and gentlemen vnto the king, and so at length they were not vnfeignedlie
+accorded and made freends, but in apperance on the kings behalfe. For
+shortlie after, the earle was craftilie taken at a parlement holden at
+Northampton, by the practise of K. Stephan, and could not be deliuered
+till he had surrendred the citie and castell of Lincolne, with other
+fortresses perteining to the crowne into the kings hands. [Sidenote:
+_Ran. Higd._ The welshmen waste Cheshire. _Ger. Dor._] About that time
+did the Welshmen destroie the prouince of Chester, but at last they were
+distressed. This yeare also the loard Geffrey earle of Aniou sent thrée
+Noble men into England, accompanied with certeine men of warre, vnto
+earle Robert, requesting him to send ouer his sonne Henrie into France,
+that he might sée him, and if need required, he promised to send him
+backe againe with all conuenient speed. Earle Robert was contented to
+satisfie his request: and so with a good power of armed men brought the
+lord Henrie vnto Warham, where he tooke leaue of him, neuer after to sée
+him in this world. [Sidenote: The earle of Glocester departeth this
+life.] For when the child was transported, earle Robert returned
+spéedilie to the parties from whence he came, and there falling into an
+ague, departed this life about the beginning of Nouember, and was buried
+at Bristow. The lord Henrie comming to his father, was ioifully
+receiued, and remained in those parties for the space of two yeares and
+foure moneths.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 12. 1147.] In the meane season, the vniust
+procéedings of K. Stephan against the earle of Chester, purchased him
+new hatred of his old aduersaries, and like supicion of such as were his
+freends, for it sounded not a little to his dishonor. Euerie man
+therefore was in doubt of his dealing, and iudged that it stood them
+vpon to take héed to themselues. [Sidenote: _Simon Dun._ K. Stephen
+entreth into Lincolne with his crowne on his head.] But he (as one that
+thought he had atchiued some high exploit) in triumphant wise shortlie
+after entred into Lincolne in his roiall robes, and his crowne on his
+head, whereas it had not béene heard that any king had doone the like
+manie yeares before.
+
+¶ It is reported by some writers, that he did this, to root out of mens
+minds a foolish superstitious conceit, which beléeued that no king with
+his crowne vpon his head might enter that citie, but some mischance
+should light vpon him: wherevpon he seemed by this meanes to mocke their
+superstitious imagination.
+
+About the same time manie of the Nobles of the realme (perceiuing the
+kings authoritie to represse violent wrongs committed by euill dooers to
+be defectiue) builded sundrie strong castels and fortresses vpon their
+owne grounds, either to defend themselues, or to make force vpon their
+enimies néere adioining. After the departing of the king from Lincolne,
+the earle of Chester came thither with an armie, to assaie if he might
+recouer that citie. [Sidenote: _Simon Dun._] But his lieutenant that had
+the leading of his men, was slaine at the entring of the northgate, and
+so the erle was beaten backe with the losse of manie of his men: and the
+citizens hauing got the vpper hand, reioised not a little for the
+victorie.
+
+But here (to staie a litle with temporall affaires) it shall not be
+amisse to rehearse the effect of a contention, which fell about this
+time betwéene that king and the archbishop of Canturburie. [Sidenote:
+_Ger. Dor._] For so it happened (as Geruasius Dorobernensis writeth)
+that pope Eugenius came this yere into France, about the middest of
+Lent, and afterward held a synod or councell at Rhemes: wherevnto
+Theobald archbishop of Canturburie, with others of the English bishops
+were summoned. The archbishop therevpon asking licence of the king, &
+not obteining it, found meanes to steale awaie in a small bote, not
+without danger of his person.
+
+Now therefore the case of this Theobald stood verie hard: for Henrie
+bishop of Winchester the kings brother through enuie had so wrought,
+that if the archbishop passed ouer without licence, he should be
+confined of the king. Againe, he was sure, if he came not to the
+councell, that he should be suspended by the pope. Herevpon the
+archbishop meaning rather to offend the king than the pope, got ouer, as
+it were swimming, rather than sailing; the vessell wherein he passed
+ouer being starke naught: for all the ports were kept by the kings
+seruants, so that he was glad to take such a bote as came next to hand.
+In consideration whereof he was highlie commended by the pope.
+
+In this councell the prebendaries of Yorke, togither with Henrie Mordach
+then abbat of Fountney, presented themselues, exhibiting their complaint
+against William archbishop of Yorke, for that (as they alledged) he was
+neither canonicallie chosen, nor lawfullie consecrated, but intruded by
+the kings authoritie. At length archbishop William was conuicted and
+deposed, Albert bishop of Hostia pronouncing sentence in this wise: "We
+doo decrée by the apostolike authoritie, that William archbishop of
+Yorke is to be deposed from his sée, bicause Stephan king of England,
+before any canonicall election, named him."
+
+Then, for that pope Eugenius had thus deposed archbishop William,
+although not with the consent of the more part of the cardinals, the
+chapiter of the church of Yorke, by his commandement comming togither,
+part of them chose Hilarie bishop of Chichester, and the other part
+elected Henrie Mordach abbat of Fountney. Now pope Eugenius, when both
+elections were shewed him at Auxerre, confirmed the election of Henrie
+Mordach, and disanulled the other, and then consecrated the foresaid
+Henrie with his owne hands. The late nominated archbishop William being
+thus deposed, returned into England, and remained at Winchester with
+king Henrie till the death of pope Eugenius, following the counsell of
+the same bishop in all things.
+
+Now when the councell at Rhemes was ended, archbishop Theobald returned
+into England, and comming to Canturburie, was receiued with great honor,
+of the couent and citizens there. But the king remaining then at London,
+when he heard of it, was sore displeased, and came with great spéede
+vnto Canturburie, where much conference being had betwixt him and the
+archbishop (although to small purpose) for the bringing of them to an
+agréement, at length the king compelled the archbishop to depart the
+realme. Wherevpon, after a few daies respit, he went to Douer, where he
+tooke ship and sailed into France. But within a while he was called
+backe by the quéene and William of Ypres, vnto S. Omers, that they might
+the sooner aduertise him of the kings mind and pleasure. Here he
+consecrated Gilbert the elect bishop of Hereford, the fift daie of
+September, Theodoric bishop of Amiens, and Nicholas bishop of Cambre
+assisting him.
+
+After this, when by sending of messengers to and fro, as well bishops,
+abbats, and other, both spirituall persons and temporall, there could no
+agréement be made, he directed his letter to certeine churches here in
+England, pronouncing by a certeine day, namelie the twelfe day of
+September, a sentence of interdiction to be obserued through the relme.
+The monks of Canturburie sore offended herewith, before the prefixed day
+of this sentence to be put in vse, sent two moonkes of their owne house,
+Nigell and Absolon, vnto the pope: whose errand when the pope had
+vnderstood, he commanded them to returne home, and to obeie their
+archbishops sentence in all things.
+
+In the meane time, the archbishops men and tenants were sore oppressed,
+and his rents and reuenues seized to the kings vse, yea euen before the
+daies of paiment. Which maner of proceeding sore gréeued the archbishop:
+in so much that departing from S. Omers, he came to Graueling, and there
+taking the sea, crossed ouer to a towne called Goseford that belonged
+vnto Hugh Bigot erle of Northfolke: which earle receiued him with great
+honor, and sent him all necessarie prouision, so long as he remained in
+his countrie. At the terme appointed, he interdicted all the kings
+dominions, and would not reuoke the sentence, till Robert bishop, of
+London, Hilarie bishop of Chichester, and William bishop of Norwhich,
+with manie other Noblemen, came to him vnto Framelingham in Norfolke, a
+castell apperteining to the said earle, where at length an attonment was
+concluded betwixt him and the king: wherevpon he was brought home vnto
+Canturburie with great ioy and honor.
+
+He accused the moonks of Canturburie, for disobeieng the interdiction,
+trusting that the pope would not heare those two moonkes whom they had
+sent, as he did not indéed. He excommunicated also all those that had
+receiued the sacraments amongst them, during the time of the
+interdiction. Now these moonkes being at their wits end, dispatched with
+all speed other two moonkes to the pope, to obteine an absolution,
+before the archbishop should vnderstand it: [Sidenote: _Geruasius._] but
+they were sent backe againe with checks and commanded to obeie their
+archbishop in all things, as the other were, which had béene there with
+him before.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 13. 1148.] The moonks of Canturburie that were sent
+to Rome, returning, came from thence to Bullongne, where they found
+those that were first sent thither: and so they all foure came to
+Canturburie. The pope also had sent a priuie commandement to the
+archbishop that he should duelie punish as well them as the other.
+Wherevpon the archbishop taking counsell with his fréends, deposed
+Syluester the prior, and suspended William the secretarie of the house
+from entring the quéere. It was decreed also, that the residue should
+cease so long a time from saieng seruice, as they had said it before
+vnlawfullie, against the archbishops commandement. For it was thought
+reason, that whilest other sang and were merrie, they should keepe
+silence, which wilfullie tooke vpon them to sing, whilest other held
+their peace and were still. They began therefore to cease from saieng
+diuine seruice, and from ringing their bels in the second wéeke of Lent
+& so kept silence from the twelfe day of March, vntill the first daie of
+August.
+
+The quéene wife to king Stephan in this meane while lay much at S.
+Augustines in Canturburie, bicause of hastening forward the building of
+Feuersham abbeie, which she and hir husband had begonne from the verie
+foundation. And bicause the moonkes of S. Augustine might not celebrate
+diuine seruice, she called thither commonlie the moonks of Christes
+church to say seruice before hir. Thus much for that purpose: and now to
+other matters.
+
+[Sidenote: The L. Henrie returneth into England.] [Sidenote: An. Reg.
+14. 1149.] The lord Henrie Fitzempresse after all these businesses
+returned into England, in the moneth of May, with a great companie of
+men of warre both horssemen and footmen: by reason whereof many reuolted
+from king Stephan to take part with him: whereas before they sat still,
+and would not attempt any exploit against him. But now incouraged with
+the presence of the lord Henrie, they declared themselues freends to
+him, and enimies to the king. Immediatlie after his arriuall, he tooke
+with him the earles of Chester and Hereford, Ranulfe and Roger, and
+diuers other Noble men and knights of great fame, beside those whom he
+had brought with him out of Normandie, and went vnto Carleil, where he
+found his coosin Dauid king of Scotland, of whome he was most ioifullie
+receiued; [Sidenote: He is made knight. _R. Houed._] and vpon Whitsunday
+with great solemnitie, being not past sixtéene yeares of age, was by the
+same king made knight, with diuerse other yoong gentlemen that were much
+about the same age.
+
+¶ Some write, that the king of Scots receiued an oth of him before he
+gaue him the honor of knighthood, that if he chanced to atteine vnto the
+possession of the realme of England, he should restore to the Scots the
+towne of Newcastle, with the countrie of Northumberland, from the riuer
+of Twéed, to the riuer of Tine. But whether it were so or not, I am not
+able to make warrantize.
+
+Now king Stephan hearing that the king of Scots, and his aduersarie the
+lord Henrie with the chéefest lords of the west parts of England lay
+thus in Carleil, [Sidenote: K. Stephan with an armie commeth to Yorke.]
+he raised an armie, and came to the citie of Yorke, where he remained
+for the most part of the moneth of August, fearing least his enimies
+should attempt the winning of that citie. But after the one part had
+remained a time in Carleil, and the other in Yorke, they departed from
+both those places without any further exploit for that season, sauing
+that Eustachius king Stephans sonne (hauing also latelie receiued the
+order of knighthood) did much hurt in the countries which belonged to
+those Noble men that were with the lord Henrie.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._. Great raine.] The great raine that fell in
+the summer season this yeare did much hurt vnto corne standing on the
+ground, so that a great dearth followed. [Sidenote: A sore frost.] In
+the winter also after, about the tenth day of December, it began to
+fréese extreamelie, and so continued till the nineteenth of Februarie:
+whereby the riuer of Thames was so frosen, that men might passe ouer it
+both on foot and horssebacke.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 15. 1150.] In the meane while Henrie Duke of
+Normandie, after he had returned from the king of the Scots, sailed
+backe into Normandie, about the beginning of August, leauing England
+full of all those calamities, which ciuill warre is accustomed to bring
+with it, as burning of houses, killing, robbing, and spoiling of people,
+so that the land was in danger of vtter destruction, by reason of that
+pestilent discord.
+
+This yeare the 23. of Februarie, Galfridus Monumetensis, otherwise
+called Galfridus Arthurius, who turned the British historie into
+Latine, was consecrated bishop of S. Assaph, by Theobald archbishop of
+Canturburie, at Lambeth, William bishop of Norwhich and Walter bishop of
+Rochester assisting him.
+
+[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._ The earle of Aniou father to Henry Fitzempress
+departeth his life.] Morouer, this yeare (as some writers haue recorded)
+Geffrey earle of Aniou, of husband to the empresse Maud, departed this
+life, on the seuenth day of September, leauing his sonne Henrie onelie
+heire and successor in the estates of the duchie of Normandie and
+countie of Aniou. The bodie of the said earle was buried at Mans, with a
+great funerall pompe: his three sonnes Henrie, Geffrey, and William
+being present.
+
+[Sidenote: Worcester assaulted.] But king Stephan assaulting the faire
+citie of Worcester with a great power of men tooke it, and consumed it
+with fire, but the castell he could not win. This citie belonged to
+earle Waleran de Mellent, at that season: for king Stephan to his owne
+hinderance had giuen it vnto him. Now after the men of warre had diuided
+the spoile amongst them, they came backe, and passing through the lands
+of their enimies, got great booties, which they also tooke away with
+them, finding none to resist them in their iournie.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 16. 1151.] [Sidenote: _Ger. Dorober._ A synod at
+London. ] In the yeare following Theobald archbishop of Canturburie, and
+legat to the sée apostolike, held a generall synod or councell at London
+in the Lent season, where king Stephan himselfe with his sonne
+Eustachius, and other the peers of the realme were present. This
+councell was full of appeales, contrarie to that had beene vsed in this
+land, till the time that Henrie bishop of Winchester vnto his owne harme
+(whilest he was likewise the Popes legat) had by vniust intrusion
+brought them in, and now at this councell he was himselfe thrise
+appealed to the hearing of the popes owne consistorie. After this king
+Stephan in the same yeare brake into the citie of Worcester, and whereas
+he could not the last time win the castell, he now endeauoured with all
+his force to take it. But when those within made valiant resistance, he
+raised two castels against it, and leauing in the same certeine of his
+Nobles to continue the siege, he himselfe returned home. ¶ Thus (as yee
+see) the kings propertie was to attempt manie things valiantlie, but he
+procéeded in them oftentimes verie slowlie: howbeit, now by the policie
+of the earle of Leicester, those two castels which the king had raised
+to besiege the other castell, were shortlie after destroied: and so the
+besieged were deliuered from danger. [Sidenote: The earle of Leicester
+brother to the erle of Mellent.] This earle of Leicester was brother to
+the earle of Mellent. Thus the kings purposed intention and painefull
+trauell on that behalfe came to none effect.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 17. 1152.] [Sidenote: The duke of Normandie
+Fitzempresse marieth the duchesse of Aquitaine.] In the meane while
+Henrie duke of Normandie maried Elianor duches of Guien or Aquitaine,
+latelie diuorsed from the French king, and so in right of hir he became
+duke of Aquitaine, and earle of Poictou; for she was the onelie daughter
+to William duke of Guien, and earle of Poictou, and by hir father
+created his sole and lawfull heire.
+
+[Sidenote: The French king maketh warre against the duke of Normandie.]
+The French king was nothing pleased with this mariage, in somuch that he
+made sore warre vpon duke Henrie, ioining himselfe in league with king
+Stephan, with his sonne Eustace, and with the lord Geffrey brother to
+duke Henrie, so that the said Henrie was constreined to defer his
+iournie into England, and applie his power to defend his countries and
+subiects on that side of the sea. For whereas he was readie at the mouth
+of the riuer of Barbe to passe ouer into England, not long after
+midsummer, the French king, with Eustace king Stephans sonne, Robert
+erle of Perch, Henrie erle of Champaigne, and Geffrey brother to duke
+Henrie, hauing assembled a mightie armie, came and besieged the castell
+of Newmarch, and sent foorth the lord Geffrey with a strong power to win
+the castell of Angers. Duke Henrie aduertised hereof departing from the
+place where he soiourned, hasted foorth to succour his people that were
+besieged, [Sidenote: The castell of Newmarch deliuered to the French
+king.] but the castell of Newmarch was deliuered to the French king
+through treason of those that had it in kéeping, before the duke could
+come to their rescue.
+
+Wherevpon the said duke hauing knowledge by the waie that he should come
+too late thither, he encamped first vpon the side of the riuer of
+Andell, [Sidenote: Ueulquesine or Ueuxin.] and wasted a great part of
+the countrie of Ueuxin or Ueulquesine, surnamed Le Normant, which lieth
+betwixt the riuer of Epte and Andell. This countrie belonged sometime to
+Normandie, but Geffrey earle of Aniou the dukes father had resigned it
+to the French king, to the end he should not aid king Stephan. The duke
+also burned the castels of Bascheruille, Chitrey, Stripiney, and the
+castell of Fort, that belonged to Hugh de Gourney, with diuerse other.
+About the end of August he left his townes in Normandie sufficientlie
+furnished with garisons of souldiers, and went into Aniou, where he
+besieged the castell de mount Sotelli, till he had taken it, and all
+those that were within it, amongst whome was the lord thereof named
+William. The French king on the other side entring into Normandie, burnt
+part of the borough of Rieule, [Sidenote: The towne castell of Uernon.
+_Simon Dun._] and either then or shortlie after that duke Henrie was
+gone ouer into England, he tooke the towne and castell of Uernon.
+
+Whilest these things were thus a dooing in France, K. Stephan would haue
+caused the archbishop of Canturburie & diuerse other bishops, whom for
+that purpose he had assembled, to crowne, annoint, and confirme his
+sonne Eustace king ouer the realme of England. [Sidenote: The Pope is
+against it.] But the archbishops and bishops refused so to doo, bicause
+the pope by his letters sent to the archbishop, had commanded to the
+contrarie; namelie, that he should in no wise crowne the kings sonne,
+bicause his father king Stephan had got the possession of the land
+against his oth receiued in behalfe of the empresse. [Sidenote: The
+bishops are threatened.] The father and sonne being not a litle offended
+herewith, committed most of his bishops to ward séeking by threats and
+menacings to bring them to his purpose. The bishops also were in no
+small perplexitie: for according to the truth, the king neuer seemed
+greatlie to fauor churchmen, bicause of their strength (as in former
+times by his rigor vsed against the bishops of Salisburie and Lincolne
+it plainelie appeared) and yet would not these men yéeld to his
+pleasure: wherevpon although they were set at libertie, they were
+neuerthelesse depriued of their temporall possessions, which
+notwithstanding afterwards vpon the kings owne motion were restored vnto
+them.
+
+[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] Howbeit the archbishop of Canturburie persisting
+still in his oppinion, was forsaken of diuerse of the bishops, who
+throgh feare durst not stand against their princes pleasure. [Sidenote:
+The Archbishop of Canturburie flieth out of the realme.] But the
+archbishop, when he perceiued how the matter went, & that all the blame
+was like to light and rest on his shoulders, he got himselfe by a
+maruellous hap ouer the Thames, and with, spéed riding to Douer, passed
+the sea, to auoid both the fathers and sonnes reuengefull displeasure.
+Herevpon the king seized into his hands all the lands & possessions that
+belonged to the archbishop.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _Ger. Dor._] This yeare queene Maud wife to
+king Stephan departed this life at Hangey castell, that belonged to
+earle Alberike de Uéer, about the third daie of Maie, and was buried in
+the abbeie of Feuersham, which she with hir husband king Stephan had
+latelie founded.
+
+This yeare through great and immoderate raine that fell in the summer,
+the growing of corne was so hindred, that a great death of people
+insued[4].
+
+[Sidenote: The battell of Monadmore _Matth. Paris._ The second & also
+the first bishops of Man.] This yeare also was the battell of Monadmore
+fought in Ireland, where the flower and chiefest personages of Mounster
+and Leynister were slaine. Moreouer one John a moonke of Sagium, was
+made the second bishop of the Isle of Man: the first bishop that was
+there instituted hight Wimond a moonke of Sauinie, who for his
+importunate misdemenour in some respects, had his eies put out, and was
+displaced.
+
+[Sidenote: _Hen. Marle._] John Papirio a cardinall, being sent from the
+pope as legat into Ireland, ordeined foure archbishops there, one at
+Dublin, an other at Ardmach, the third at Cassels, and the fourth at
+Connach. [Sidenote: The bishop of Dublin made archbishop.] The sée of
+Dublin he changed into an archbishops sée, one Gregorie at that time
+possessing the same: to whom he gaue the first and chiefe pall, and
+appointed the church of the blessed Trinitie to be church metropolitane.
+As this cardinall passed through England, he receiued an oth of fealtie
+vnto king Stephan.
+
+[Sidenote: The castell of Newburie won.] The same yeare also king
+Stephan by siege and force of assault did win the castell of Newberie
+not far from Winchester. This doone he went to Wallingford, and
+besieging the castell, he builded at the entring of the bridge a
+fortresse to stop them within from issuing out, and likewise from
+receiuing any reliefe or succour by their fréends abroad. The defendants
+perceiuing themselues so hardlie laid at, sent to the duke of Normandie
+(in whose name they kept that castell) desiring him either to succour
+them, or else giue them licence to yéeld vp the castell to the king.
+Herevpon duke Henrie hauing dispatched his businesse on the further side
+of the sea, began to be kindled with a feruent desire once againe to
+attempt his fortune here in England for recouerie of that kingdome, and
+so with three thousand footmen, & 7 score horssemen, [Sidenote: Duke
+Henrie Fitzempresse returneth into England. _Ger. Dor._] with all spéede
+possible sailed ouer into England, where he landed about the 12. daie in
+Christmasse. He was no sooner arriued, but a great number of such as
+tooke part with his mother came flocking in vnto him: [Sidenote: He
+besiegeth the castell of Malmesburie. _Matth. Paris._ _Polydor._]
+wherevpon being now furnished with a great and puissant armie, he
+marched foorth to Malmesburie, where in the castell was a great garison
+of soldiers placed by king Stephan. Duke Henrie planted his siege about
+this castell the thirtéenth daie of Januarie, and enforced himselfe to
+the vttermost of his power to win it.
+
+Now king Stephan hearing of his enimies arriuall, with all hast possible
+got his armie on foot, and comming suddenlie towards the place where is
+enimies were pitched, [Sidenote: K. Stephan constreineth him to raise
+his siege.] he caused duke Henrie to raise his siege, and following
+after, offered him battell. But duke Henrie, knowing that his enimies
+were far more in number than he was at that present, and also conceiuing
+with himselfe that by prolonging of time his owne power would increase,
+absteined from fighting, and kept him within the closure of his campe.
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paru._] ¶ Thus haue some written, but other authors
+write, that Henrie kept himselfe indeed within his campe, and refused to
+giue battell, but yet remoued not his siege, till the king departed from
+thence, after he saw he could not haue his purpose, and then did duke
+Henrie win the castell of Malmesburie, or rather the maister tower or
+chéefe dungeon of that castell. [Sidenote: _Simon Dun._ _Ger. Dor._] For
+as (Simon of Durham writeth) he had won by assault the other parts and
+lims of the castell before king Stephan came to remoue him.
+
+This tower that thus held out, was in the keeping of one capteine
+Jordan, who escaping foorth came to the king, informing him in what
+state he had left his men within the tower: wherevpon the king (making
+all the power that he was able) set forward, and comming to Circiter,
+lodged there one night, and in the morning purposing to raise the siege,
+or to fight with his enimies (if they would abide battell) marched
+foorth towards Malmesburie. [Sidenote: A sore storm.] But vpon his
+approch to the dukes campe, the daie following his comming thither,
+there rose such a hideous tempest of wind and raine, beating full in the
+faces of king Stephans people, that God seemed to fight for the duke,
+who in respect of the number of people was thought too weake to deale
+with the strong and puissant armie of the king: howbeit the storme being
+on his backe, and beating extremelie in king Stephans mens faces, they
+were not able to hold their weapons in their hands, in somuch that he
+perceiued he could not passe the riuer that ran betwixt the armies:
+wherevpon constreined in that sort through the violent rage of that cold
+and wet weather, he returned to London full euill appaied, in that he
+could not satisfie his expectation at that present.
+
+The tower that duke Henrie had hardlie besieged immediatlie herewith was
+surrendred vnto him, & then making prouision for vittels and other
+things, [Sidenote: The castell of Wallingford.] to the reliefe of them
+that kept the castell of Wallingford, he hasted thither, and finding no
+resistance by the way, easily accomplished his enterprise. There were
+diuerse castels thereabouts in the countrie furnished with garisons of
+the kings souldiers, but they kept themselues close, and durst not come
+abroad to stop his passage. [Sidenote: The castell of Cranemers. ]
+Shortlie after he besieged the castell of Cranemers, and cast a trench
+about it, so as his people within Wallingford castell might haue free
+libertie to come foorth at their pleasure: but as for those within the
+castell of Cranemers, they were so hardlie holden in, that there was no
+waie for them to start out.
+
+The king aduertised hereof, got all his host togither, and marched
+forward verie terriblie toward duke Henries campe. But shewing no token
+of feare, he caused the trench wherewith he had inclosed his campe
+foorthwith to be cast downe, and leauing the siege, came into the fields
+with his armie set in order of battell, meaning to trie the matter by
+dint of sword, although he had not the like number of men as the king
+had: whose armie perceiuing their enimies to come in the face of them,
+were stricken with a sudden feare: neuerthelesse, he himselfe being of a
+good courage, commanded his people to march forward. But herewith
+certeine Noble men, that loued not the aduancement of either part, vnder
+a colour of good meaning sought to treat an agréement betwixt them, so
+that an intermission or cesing from war was granted, and by composition
+the castell which the king had built, and the duke besieged, was razed
+to the ground. The king and the duke also came to an interuiew and
+communication togither, a riuer running betwixt them. [Sidenote: _Matth.
+Paris._ _Ger. Dor._ Eustace king Stephans sonne.] Some write that they
+fell to agreement, king Stephan vndertaking to raze the castell of
+Cranemers himselfe, and so laieng armour aside for that time, they
+parted asunder.
+
+But Eustace K. Stephans son was sore offended herewith, and reprouing
+his father for concluding such an agréement, in a great rage departed
+from the court, & taking his waie toward Cambridgeshire (which countrie
+he meant to ouerrun) he came to the abbeie of Burie, and vpon S.
+Laurence daie caused all the corne in the countrie about and namelie
+that which belonged to the said abbeie, to be spoiled and brought into a
+castell which he had in keeping not far from thence. [Sidenote: Eustace
+king Stephans son and Simon earl of Northāpton depart this life both in
+one wéeke.] But as he sat downe to meat the same daie vpon receiuing the
+first morsell he fell mad (as writers haue reported) and miserablie
+ended his life. The same weeke Simon earle of Northampton departed this
+world of a like disease, and so two of the cheefest aduersaries which
+duke Henrie had, were rid out of the waie. Eustace was buried at
+Feuersham in Kent, and earle Simon at Northampton.
+
+[Sidenote: The earle of Chester deceasseth.] About the same time also
+that noble and valiant earle of Chester called Ranulfe departed this
+life, a man of such stoutnesse of stomach, that death could scarselie
+make him to yeeld, or shew any token of feare: he was poisoned (as was
+thought) by William Peuerell. After him succeeded his sonne Hugh, a man
+likewise of passing strength and vertue. Now although earle Ranulfe
+fauoured the part of duke Henrie, yet in these later yeares he did but
+little for him: wherefore it was thought that the death of this earle
+was not so great a losse to the duke, as the deaths of Eustace, earle
+Simon, and other the kings fréends deceasing about the same time seemed
+to further him: so that his part became dailie stronger, and the kings
+weaker.
+
+About the same time the castels of Reading and Béertwell were deliuered
+to duke Henrie, [Sidenote: _Matth. Par._ _Rob. Mont._] and the ladie
+Gundreda countesse of Warwike draue out the souldiers that held it for
+king Stephan, and deliuered the towne to duke Henrie. In this yeare
+duches Elenor, wife to Henrie Fitzempresse, was brought to bed of hir
+first borne son, whom they named William, after the maner of the ancient
+dukes of Aquitaine.
+
+Thus came things to passe in sundrie places with so good successe as
+duke Henrie could wish, wherevpon meaning to follow the steps of
+prosperous fortune, he marched foorth to Stamford, [Sidenote: Stamford
+was taken. _Simon Dun._ _Ger. Dor._ Gipswich or Ipswich besieged.] and
+taking the towne at his first comming laid siege to the castell. Now
+they that had it in keeping sent messengers to king Stephan, requiring
+rescue, but the same time he had laid siege to the castell of Gipswich,
+which Hugh Bigot kept against him: and bicause he wold not depart from
+that siege till he had the castell giuen vp into his hands (which came
+at last to passe) in the meane time the castell of Stamford was yéelded
+vp to duke Henrie, [Sidenote: _N. Triuet._] who immediatelie therevpon
+departed from Stamford eastward, meaning to come to the succour of his
+fréends besieged at Gipswich or Ipswich (as it is commonlie called) not
+vnderstanding as yet that they had surrendred the hold: but hauing
+knowledge by the way what was happened, [Sidenote: Notinghàm.] he
+returned and marched streight to Notingham, and got the towne easilie;
+for they within the castell had set it on fire, therefore he besieged
+the castell standing vpon the point of a stéepe craggie rocke, and was
+furnished with a strong garison of men, and all things necessarie for
+defense, so that it could not easilie be woone.
+
+[Sidenote: Duke Henrie raiseth his siege from Notingham. _Polydor._]
+When duke Henrie had assaied all the waies how to take it, and saw that
+he could not preuaile, he minded to loose no more time: but raising his
+siege from thence, he ranged abroad to get other places into his
+possession, and finallie came to his mother, and laie at Wallingford. K.
+Stephan in the meane time being strong in the field, sought time and
+place to haue Henrie at some aduantage, who in his yoong yeares (as yet
+not hauing tasted any misfortune) he thought would rashlie attempt some
+vnaduised enterprise. [Sidenote: The miserie of this land in time of the
+ciuill warre.] ¶ But whereas the realme of England had béene now manie
+yeares miserablie turmoiled with ciuill warre (which the verie heathen
+haue so detested, that they haue exclaimed against it with a kind of
+irksomnesse; as:
+    [Sidenote: _Hor. lib. car. 1. ode. 35._]
+    Eheu cicatricum & sceleris pudet,
+    Fratrúmque: quid nos dura refugimus
+        Aetas? quid intactum nefasti
+        Linquimus? vnde manus iuuentus
+    [Sidenote: _Idem. lib. car. 2. ode. 1._]
+    Metu deorum continuit? quibus
+    Pepercit aris? iam litui strepunt,
+        Iam fulgor armorum fugaces
+        Terret equos equitúmque vultus)
+Wherein (besides millians of extremities) honest matrones and mens wiues
+were violated, maids and virgins rauished, churches spoiled, townes and
+villages robbed, whole flocks and heards of shéepe and beasts destroied
+(wherein the substance of the realme cheeflie consisted) and men without
+number slaine and murthered, it pleased the goodnesse of almightie God
+at length to deliuer the land of these miseries, which were notified to
+all countries round about that sore lamented the same.
+
+Now whereas king Stephan was the cause of all the troubles, in hauing
+vsurped an other mans rightfull inheritance, it pleased God to mooue his
+hart at length to desire peace which he had euer before abhorred. The
+cause that mooued him chéefelie to change his former purpose, was for
+that his sonne Eustace by speedie death was taken out of this world (as
+before ye haue heard) which losse séemed great not onelie to the father,
+but also to all those lords and others which had alwaies taken his part,
+bicause he was a yoong man so well liked of all men, that he was iudged
+to be borne to much honour. [Sidenote: The ladie Constance wife to
+Eustace sent home.] But his wife Constance tooke his death verie
+sorowfullie, and the more indeed for that she had no issue by him,
+wherevpon shortlie after she was sent honourablie home to hir father
+king Lewes with hir dower, and other rich and princelie gifts.
+
+King Stephan séeing himselfe thus depriued of his onelie sonne, vnto
+whome he minded to leaue the kingdome which he so earnestlie sought to
+confirme and assure vnto him by warlike endeuor, and that againe the
+French kings aid would not be so readie as heretofore it had béene
+(wherevpon he much staied, now that the bonds of affinitie were
+abolished) he began at length (though not immediatlie vpon his sonnes
+deceasse) to withdraw his mind from war, [Sidenote: K. Stephan began to
+incline his mind to peace. _Matth. Paris._] and bequeathed it wholie to
+peace. Which alteration being perceiued, those Nobles that were glad to
+sée the state of their countrie quieted, did their best to further it; &
+chéeflie Theobald archbishop of Canturburie trauelled earnestlie to
+bring the princes to some agréement, now talking with the king, now
+sending to the duke, [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] and vsing all meanes
+possible to set them at vnitie. The bishop of Winchester also, who had
+caused all the trouble, vpon consideration of the great calamities
+wherewith the land was most miserablie afflicted, began to wish an end
+thereof. Wherevpon the lords spirituall and temporall were called
+togither at Winchester about the latter end of Nouember, that they with
+their consents also might confirme whatsoeuer the king and the duke
+should conclude vpon.
+
+[Sidenote: An assemblie of lords at Winchester. A peace concluded
+betwixt the king and the duke.] Thus was a publike assemblie made in the
+citie of Winchester, whither also duke Henrie came who being ioifullie
+receiued of the king in the bishops palace, they were made fréends, the
+king admitting the duke for his sonne, and the duke the king for his
+father, insomuch that the agreement, which (through the carefull sute of
+the archbishop of Canturburie) had beene laboured with such diligence to
+good effect, was now confirmed: the cheefe articles whereof were these.
+
+     [Sidenote: Some writers haue recorded that duke Henrie should
+     presentlie by this agréement enioy halfe the realme of England.]
+     1 That king Stephan, during his naturall life, should remaine king
+     of England, and Henrie the empresses sonne should enioy the
+     dukedome of Normandie, and be proclaimed heire apparant to succéed
+     in and haue the regiment of England, after the deceasse of Stephan.
+
+     2 That such noble men, and other, which had held either with the
+     one partie or the other, during the time of the ciuill warres,
+     should be in no danger for the same but enioy their lands,
+     possessions and liuings, according to their ancient rights and
+     titles.
+
+     3 That the king should resume and take into his hands againe, all
+     such portions and parcels of inheritance belonging to the crowne,
+     as he had giuen away, or were otherwise vsurped by any maner of
+     person, and that all those possessions which by any intrusion had
+     béene violentlie taken from the right owners, since the daies of
+     king Henrie, should be restored to them that were rightlie
+     possessed in the same by the daies of the said king.
+
+     [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ Castels to be razed in number. 1115.]
+     4 That all those castels, which contrarie to all reason and good
+     order had béene made and builded by any maner of person in the
+     daies of king Stephan, should be ouerthrowne and cast downe, which
+     were found to be eleuen hundred and fifteene.
+
+     5 That the king should reforme all such disorders as warre had
+     brought in; to restore farmers to their holdings, to repaire
+     decaied buildings, to restore pastures and leassues with cattell,
+     hils with sheepe, &c.
+
+     6 That by his meanes the cleargie might enioy their due
+     quietnesse, and not be oppressed with any vniust exactions.
+
+     7 That he should place shirifes where they had béene accustomed
+     to beare rule, with instructions giuen them to deale vprightlie
+     in causes, so as offenders might not escape through bribes, or
+     any other respect of freendship; but that euerie man might
+     receiue according to right and equitie.
+
+     8 That soldiours should conuert their swords (as Esaie saith)
+     into culters & plough shares, their speares into mattocks, and so
+     returne from the campe to the plough: and that such as were woont
+     to keepe watch in the night season, might now sléepe and take
+     their rest without any danger.
+
+     9 That the husbandman might be set frée from all trouble and
+     vexation, by meanes wherof he might follow his tilth, and plie
+     his culture.
+
+     10 That merchant men and occupiers might enioy their trades and
+     occupations to their aduancement.
+
+     11 That one kind and manner of siluer coine should run through
+     the land, &c.
+
+     12 There was also consideration had of a sonne which king Stephan
+     had, named William, who though he were verie yoong, was yet
+     appointed to sweare fealtie vnto duke Henrie as lawfull heire to
+     the crowne. The same William had the citie of Norwhich, and
+     diuerse other lands assigned him for the maintenance of his
+     estate, and that by the consent and agréement of duke Henrie his
+     adopted brother.
+
+These things being thus concluded at Winchester, and the warre that had
+continued, for the space of 17 yeares now ended and fullie pacified: the
+king tooke the duke with him to London, dooing to him all the honour he
+could deuise. The newes whereof being spred abrode, euerie good man
+reioised thereat. Thus through the great mercie of God, peace was
+restored vnto the decaied state of this relme of England. Which things
+being thus accomplished with great ioy and tokens of loue, king Stephan
+and his new adopted sonne duke Henrie tooke leaue either of other,
+appointing shortlie after to méet againe at Oxenford, there to perfect
+euerie article of their agréement, which was thus accorded a little
+before Christmas.
+
+¶ But by the way, for the better vnderstanding of the said agreement, I
+haue thought good to set downe the verie tenor of the charter made by
+king Stephan, as I haue copied it out, and translated it into English
+out of an autentike booke conteining the old lawes of the Saxon and
+Danish kings, in the end whereof the same charter is exemplified, which
+booke is remaining with the right worshipfull William Fléetwood esquire,
+now recorder of London, and sargeant at law.
+
+     The charter of king Stephan, of the pacification of the troubles
+     betwixt him and Henrie duke of Normandie.
+
+     Stephan king of England, to all archbishops, bishops, abbats,
+     earles, iusticers, sherifes, barons and all his faithfull
+     subiects of England sendeth greeting. Know yee that I king
+     Stephan, haue ordeined Henrie duke of Normandie after me by right
+     of inheritance to be my successour, and heire of the kingdome of
+     England, and so haue I giuen and granted to him and his heires
+     the kingdome of England. For the which honour, gift, and
+     confirmation to him by me made, he hath doone homage to me, and
+     with a corporall oth hath assured me, that he shall be faithfull
+     and loiall to me, and shall to his power preserue my life and
+     honour: and I on the other side shall maineteine and preserue him
+     as my sonne and heire in all things to my power, and so far as by
+     any waies or meanes I may.
+
+     [Sidenote: William sonne to king Stephan.] And William my sonne
+     hath doone his lawfull homage, and assured his fealtie vnto the
+     said duke of Normandie, and the duke hath granted to him to hold of
+     him all those tenements and holdings which I held before I atteined
+     to the possession of the realme of England, wheresoeuer the same be
+     in England, Normandie, or elsewhere, [Sidenote: Earle Warren.] and
+     whatsoeuer he receiued with the daughter of earle Warren, either in
+     England or Normandie, & likewise whatsoeuer apperteineth to those
+     honoures. And the duke shall put my sonne William and his men that
+     are of that honour in full possession and seizine of all the lands,
+     boroughs and rents, which the duke thereof now hath in his demaine,
+     and namelie of those that belong to the honour of the earle Warren,
+     [Sidenote: The castels of Bellencumber and Mortimer.] and namelie
+     of the castels of Bellencumber and Mortimer, so that Reginald de
+     Warren shall haue the kéeping of the same castels of Bellencumber,
+     and of Mortimer, if he will; and therevpon shall giue pledges to
+     the duke: and if he will not haue the keeping of those castels,
+     then other liege of men of the said erle Warren, whom it shall
+     please the duke to appoint, shall be sure pledges and good suertie
+     keepe the said castels.
+
+     Moreouer, the duke shall deliuer vnto him according to my will and
+     pleasure the other castels, [Sidenote: The erledome of Mortaigne.]
+     which belong vnto the earledome of Mortaigne by safe custodie and
+     pledges, so soone as he conuenientlie may, so as all the pledges
+     are to be restored vnto my sonne free, so soone as the duke shall
+     haue the realme of England in possession. The augmentation also
+     which I haue giuen vnto my sonne William, he hath likewise granted
+     the same to him; [Sidenote: Norwich. ] to wit, the castell and
+     towne of Norwich, with seauen hundred pounds in lands, so as the
+     rents of Norwich be accounted as parcell of the same seauen hundred
+     pounds in lands, and all the countie of Norfolke; the profits and
+     rents which belong to churches, bishops, abbats & earles excepted;
+     [Sidenote: Hugh Bigot] and the third pennie whereof Hugh Bigot is
+     earle, also excepted: sauing also and reseruing the kings roiall
+     iurisdiction for administration of iustice. Also the more to
+     strengthen my fauour and loue to himwards, [Sidenote: Richer de
+     Egle.] the duke hath giuen and granted vnto my said sonne
+     whatsoeuer Richer de Aquila hath of the honour of Peuensey. And
+     moreouer the castell and towne of Peuensey, and the seruice of
+     Faremouth, beside the castell and towne of Douer, and whatsoeuer
+     apperteineth to the honour of Douer.
+
+     [Sidenote: The church of Feuersham.] The duke hath also confirmed
+     the church of Feuersham with the appurtenances; and all other
+     things giuen or restored by me vnto other churches, he shall
+     confirme by the counsell and aduice of holie church and of me. The
+     earles and barons that belong to the duke, which were neuer my
+     leeges, for the honour which I haue done to their master, they haue
+     now doone homage and sworne fealtie to me, the couenants betwixt me
+     & the said duke alwaies saued. The other which had before doone
+     homage to me, haue sworne fealtie to me as to their souereigne
+     lord. And if the duke should breake and go from the premisses, then
+     are they altogither to ceasse from dooing him any seruice, till he
+     reforme his misdooings. And my sonne also is to constreine him
+     thereto, according to the aduice of holie church, if the duke shall
+     chance to go from the couenants afore mentioned. My earles and
+     barons also haue doone their leege and homage vnto the duke, sauing
+     their faith to me so long as I liue, and shall hold the kingdome
+     with like condition, that if I doo breake and go from the premitted
+     couenants, that then they may ceasse from dooing me any seruice,
+     till the time I haue reformed that which I haue doone amisse.
+
+     The citizens also of cities, and those persons that dwell in
+     castels, which I haue in my demaine, by my commandement haue doone
+     homage, and made assurance to the duke, sauing the fealtie which
+     they owe to me during my life time, and so long as I shall hold the
+     kingdome. [Sidenote: Wallingford castell.] They which keep the
+     castle of Wallingford haue doone their homage to me, and haue giuen
+     to me pledges for the observing of their fealtie. And I haue made
+     vnto the duke such assurance of the castels and strengths which I
+     hold by the counsell and aduice of holie church, that when I shall
+     depart this life, the duke thereby may not run into any losse or
+     impeachment, whereby to be debarred from the kingdome. [Sidenote:
+     The tower of London. Mota de Windsor.] The tower of London, and the
+     fortresse of Windsor, by the counsell and aduice of holie church
+     are deliuered vnto the lord Richard de Lucie, [Sidenote: Richard de
+     Lucie.] safelie to be kept, which Richard hath taken an oth, and
+     hath deliuered his sonne in pledge to remaine in the hands and
+     custodie of the archbishop of Canturburie, that after my decease he
+     shall deliuer the same castels vnto the duke. Likewise by the
+     counsell and aduise of holie church, [Sidenote: Mota de Oxford.]
+     Roger de Bussey keepeth the castell of Oxford, and Jordaine de
+     Bussey the castell of Lincolne, which Roger & Jordaine haue sworne,
+     and thereof haue deliuered pledges into the hands of the
+     archbishop, that if I shall chance to leaue this life, they shal
+     render the same castels to the duke without impeachment. [Sidenote:
+     The bishop of Winchester.] The bishop of Winchester hath also giuen
+     his faith in the hands of the archbishop of Canturburie, that if I
+     chance to depart this life, he shall render vp vnto the duke the
+     castels of Winchester, and the fortresse of Hampton.
+
+     And if any of them, vnto whom the custodie of these fortresses
+     shall be committed, fortune to die, or otherwise to depart from
+     his charge, an other shall be appointed to the keeping of the
+     same fortresse, before he shall depart foorth thereof, by the
+     counsell and aduice of holie church. And if any of those persons
+     that haue any castels or fortresses belonging to me in their
+     custodie shall be found disobedient and rebell, I and the duke
+     shall constreine him to satisfie our will & pleasure, not leauing
+     him in rest till he be so constreined. The archbishops and
+     bishops of the realme of England, and the abbats also, haue by my
+     commandement sworne fealtie vnto the duke; and the bishops and
+     abbats that hereafter shall be made and aduanced here within the
+     realme of England shall likewise sweare fealtie to him. The
+     archbishops also and bishops on either part, haue vndertaken,
+     that if either of vs shall go from the foresaid couenants, they
+     shall so long chastise the partie offending with the
+     ecclesiastical censures, till he reforme his fault, and returne
+     to fulfill and obserue the said couenants. The mother also of the
+     duke, and his wife, and his brethren, & subjects whom he may
+     procure, shall likewise assure the premisses.
+
+     In matters belonging to the state of the realme, I shall worke by
+     the dukes aduice. And through all the realme of England, as well
+     in that part which belongeth to the duke, as in that which
+     belongeth to me, I shall see that roiall iustice be executed.
+     These beeing witnesses, Theobald archbishop of Canturburie, Hen.
+     of Winchester, Robert of Excester, Rob. of Bath, Goceline of
+     Salisburie, Robert of Lincolne, Hilarie of Cicester, William of
+     Norwich, Richard of London, Migell of Elie, Gilbert of Hereford,
+     John of Worcester, Walter of Chester, Walter of Rochester,
+     Geffrey of S. Asaph, Bishops: Robert prior of Bermondsey, Othon
+     knight of the temple, William earle of Cicester, Robert earle of
+     Leicester, William earle of Glocester, Renold of Cornewall,
+     Baldwin de Toning, Roger de Hereford, Hugh Bigot, Patrike de
+     Salisburie, William de Albemarle, Earle Alberike, Roger Clare,
+     Richard erle of Pembroke, Richard de Lucie, William Martell,
+     Richard de Humer, Reginald de Warren, Mahaser Biset, John de
+     Port, Richard de Cameuille, Henrie de Essex. Geuen at
+     Westminster.
+
+[Sidenote: 1154. An. Reg. 19.] [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] Thus far the
+Charter: and now to proceed with the historie. Immediatlie after
+Christmasse, euen in the Octaues of the Epiphanie, the king and duke
+Henrie met againe Oxenford, where all the earls and barons of the land
+being assembled, sware fealtie vnto duke Henrie, their allegiance due
+vnto king Stephan, as to their souereigne lord and supreme gouernour so
+long as he liued, alwaies reserued. The forme of the peace was now also
+ingrossed and registered for a perpetuall witnesse of the thing, in this
+yeare 1154. after their account that begin the yeare at Christmasse, as
+about the feast of S. Hilarie in Januarie commonlie called the twentith
+daie. Thus was Henrie the sonne of the empresse made the adopted sonne
+of king Stephan, and therevpon the said Henrie saluted him as king, and
+named him father. After conclusion of this peace, by the power of
+almightie God, all debate ceassed in such wise, that the state of the
+realme of England did maruelouslie for a time flourish, concord being
+mainteined on ech hand. [Sidenote: _Polydor._] ¶ There be which affirme,
+that an other cause bound king Stephan to agrée to this attonement
+chiefelie, namelie for that the empresse (as they saie) was rather king
+Stephans paramour than his enimie: [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ Egelaw
+heath.] and therefore (when she saw the matter growne to this point,
+that they were readie to trie battell with their armies readie ranged on
+a plaine in the westerne parts called Egelaw heath) she came secretlie
+vnto king Stephan, & spake unto him on this wise: [Sidenote: The words
+of the empresse to K. Stephan.] "What a mischieuous and vnnaturall thing
+go ye about? Is it méet that the father should destroie the sonne? Is it
+lawfull for the sonne to kill the father? For the loue of God (man)
+refraine thy displeasure, and cast thy weapons out of thy hand, sith
+that (as thou thy selfe knowest full well) Henrie is thine owne
+sonne." [Sidenote: The empresse confesseth hir selfe to be naught of hir
+bodie.] With these and the like words she put him in mind, and couertlie
+told him, that he had to doo with hir a little before she was maried
+vnto earle Geffrey.
+
+The king by such tokens as the empresse gaue him, tooke hir words to be
+true, and therevpon all his malice was streightwaies quenched: so that
+calling foorth the archbishop of Canturburie, he vttered to him the
+whole matter, and tooke therewith such direction, in sending to his
+aduersaries for auoiding battell at that present, that immediatlie the
+armies on both sides wrapped vp their ensignes, and euery man was
+commanded to kéepe the peace, that a communication might be had about
+the conclusion of some pacification, which afterwards ensued in maner
+aboue mentioned.
+
+¶ But whether this or some other cause moued the king to this peace, it
+is to be thought that God was the worker of it. And surelie a man may
+thinke it good reason, that the report of such secret companie-keeping
+betwixt the king and the empresse, [Sidenote: Slanders deuised by
+malicious heads.] was but a tale made among the common people vpon no
+ground of truth, but vpon some slanderous deuice of a malicious head.
+And admit that king Stephan had to doo hir; yet is it like that both of
+them would doo for best to kéepe it secret, that no such reproch might
+be imputed either to Henrie, who was taken to be legitimate; or to his
+mother, whose honour thereby should not a little be stained.
+
+[Sidenote: Oxenford. _Ger. Dor._ The King and duke méet at Dunstable.]
+But now to the purpose. Shortlie after that the king and duke Henrie had
+béene togither at Oxenford, where they ended all things touching the
+peace & concord betwixt them concluded, they met againe at Dunstable,
+where some cloud of displeasure seemed to darken the bright sunshine of
+the late begun loue and amitie betwixt those two mightie princes the
+king and the duke. [Sidenote: Articles not performed.] For where it was
+accorded (among other articles) that all the castels which had béene
+built since the daies of the late king Henrie for euill intents and
+purposes, should be razed and throwne downe: contrarie therevnto
+(notwithstanding manie of them were ouerthrowne and destroied to the
+accomplishment of that article) diuers through the kings permission were
+suffered to stand. And when the duke complained to the king thereof, he
+could not get at that time any redresse, which somewhat troubled him:
+but yet bicause he would not giue occasion of any new trouble, nor
+offend the king, to whom (as to his reputed father) he would seeme to
+yeeld all honour and due reuerence, he passeth it ouer.
+
+[Sidenote: The king and duke come to Canturburie.] Within a while after,
+the king and he came to Canturburie, where they were solemnlie receiued
+of the couent of Christes church with procession. After this, in the
+Lent season they went to Douer, where they talked with Theodorike earle
+of Flanders, and with the countesse his wife who was aunt to duke
+Henrie. At their comming towards Canturburie (as it was bruted) the duke
+should haue béene murthered, [Sidenote: The enuie of the Flemings.]
+through treason of the Flemings that enuied both the dukes person, and
+also that peace which he had concluded with the king. But sée the hap.
+As this feat should haue béene wrought on Berhamdowne, William earle of
+Northfolke king Stephan his sonne, who was one of the chéefe
+conspirators, fell beside his horsse, and brake his leg, so that euerie
+man by that sudden chance was in a maze, & came woondering about him. ¶
+This no doubt came to passe by the prouidence of God, though such
+accidents are commonlie imputed to casualtie or chance medlie. For it is
+the worke of God either to preuent, or to intercept, or to recompense
+the vnnatural conspiracies of traitors and rebels with some notable
+plague: according to that of the poet;
+[Sidenote: _Hesiod in lib, cui tit. op. & di._]
+    [Greek: Hoi autô kaka teuchei anês allô kaka teuchôn,
+    Hê de kakê boulê tô bouleusanti kakistê],
+    Noxius ipse sibi est alij qui quærit obesse,
+    Consiliúmq; malum danti fert maxima damna.
+
+Duke Henrie herewith getting knowledge of the treason intended against
+him, or at the least suspecting somewhat, got him backe againe to
+Canturburie, and so auoided the danger. After this, taking his way to
+[Sidenote: Duke Henrie passeth ouer into Normandie.] Rochester, and so
+to London, he got him a shipboord, and sailed by long seas into
+Normandie, where he arriued in safetie.
+
+After his departure, king Stephan spent the summer season of this yeare,
+in going about the most part of the realme; shewing all the courtesie he
+could deuise to the people in all places where he came; [Sidenote: _Will
+Paru._ Philip de Coleuille. The castell of Drax.] except where he found
+any rebellious persons, as in Yorkshire, where Philip de Coleuille (in
+trust of his castell which he had stronglie fortified at a certeine
+place called Drax) shewed himselfe disobedient to the king, who
+assembling a power in the countrie, besieged that castell, and shortlie
+wanne it, without any great adoo.
+
+When duke Henrie was departed (as ye haue heard) and gone ouer into
+Normandie, now that he had concluded a peace with king Stephan,
+[Sidenote: The puissance of duke Hērie.] his puissance was thought to be
+such, that he was able to mainteine warres with the mightiest prince
+that then reigned. For in right of his wife, he had gotten possession of
+the duchie of Aquitaine, and the earledome of Poictou; and further by
+his mother, he enioied the duchie of Normandie, and looked to succéed in
+the kingdome of England: and in right of his father he was earle of
+Aniou, Thouraigne, and Maine. He also reuoked into his hands certeine
+parcels of his demeane lands, which his father had giuen away, and
+passing from thence into Aquitaine, mightilie subdued certeine lords and
+barons there, that had rebelled against him.
+
+[Sidenote: A peace concluded betwixt the French king and duke Henrie.
+_Matth. West._] About the same time a peace was concluded betwixt the
+French king, and this duke Henrie: the king restoring vnto the duke the
+townes of Newmarch and Uernon, which he had before taken from him, and
+the duke giuing to the king 20000. markes of siluer, for the harmes
+doone by him, within the realme of France.
+
+But now to returne vnto king Stephan. Yee shall vnderstand, that within
+a while after he had made his foresaid progresse almost about the whole
+realme, he returned vnto London, where he called a parlement as well to
+consult of matters touching the state of the commonwealth, as to furnish
+the see of Yorke with a sufficient archbishop. [Sidenote: _Wil. Paru._
+Roger Archdeacon of Canturburie made archbishop of Yorke.] Wherevpon one
+Roger that was before archdeacon of Canturburie, was chosen to that
+dignitie, and consecrated the tenth day of October, by archbishop
+Theobald, as legat to the pope, and not as archbishop of Canturburie.
+[Sidenote: Thomas Becket archdeacon of Canturburie.] Then also was
+Thomas Becket made archdeacon of Canturburie by the said Theobald. The
+new archbishop Roger first went to his see at Yorke, where after he had
+receiued his inthronization, and set his businesse there in order, he
+tooke his iournie towards Rome to fetch his pall in his owne person.
+
+[Sidenote: The earle of Flanders.] King Stephan also after the end of
+the parlement went to Douer, there to meet the earle of Flanders, who
+came thither to talke with him of certeine businesse. The earle was no
+sooner returned backe, but the king fell sicke, and was so gréeuouslie
+tormented with a paine in his bellie, and with an old disease also,
+wherewith (as should appear) he had beene often troubled, namelie, the
+emrods, [Sidenote: King Stephan departed this life.] that finallie he
+died in the abbey on the fiue and twentith day of October, in the nine
+and fortith yeare of his age, and after he had reigned eighteene yeares,
+ten moneths, and od daies, in the yeare after the birth of our Sauiour
+1154. [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _N. Triuet._] [Sidenote: 1154.] His
+bodie was interred in the abbeie of Feuersham in Kent, which he had
+builded, where his wife also, and his sonne Eustace were buried before.
+¶ Thus farre of the acts and deeds of Stephan; now a little of other
+breefe remembrances, and first touching the prosopographie or
+description of his person.
+
+[Sidenote: His stature.] He was comelie of stature, of a verie good
+complexion and disposition, of great strength, in qualities of mind
+verie excellent, expert in warre, gentle, curteous, and verie liberall.
+For though he continued all his time in a maner in the maintenance of
+wars, yet he leuied but few tributs, or almost none at all. Indéed he
+put diuers bishops to greeuous fines, and that not without the iust
+Judgement of Almightie God, that they might so be punished duelie for
+their periurie committed in helping him to the crowne. Vices wherewith
+he should be noted I find none, but that vpon an ambitious desire to
+reigne, he brake his oth which he made vnto the empresse Maud.
+
+[Sidenote: Abbeies founded. Coggeshall he founded himselfe, and Fontneis
+in Lancashire, & Feuersham in Kent. _Wil. Paruus._] In his daies, the
+abbeies of Tiltey, Fontneis, Rieualle, Coggeshall in Essex, Newbourgh
+and Béeland, Meriuale in Warwikeshire, Garedon in Leicestershire,
+Kirkstéed in Yorkeshire, with diuers other in other parts of the realme,
+were founded, in so much that more abbeis were erected in his daies,
+than had béene within the space of an hundred yeares before, as William
+Paruus writeth.
+
+A great number of castels also were builded in his daies (as before ye
+haue heard) by the Nobles of the realme, either to defend the confines
+of their countries from inuasions of forrenners, and violence of
+homelings; or as fortifications to themselues when they ment or intended
+any inrode or breaking vpon their neighbours.
+
+Diuerse learned men namelie historiographers liued in these daies, as
+William Malmesburie, Henrie Huntington, Simon Dunelmensis, Galfridus
+Arturius, otherwise called Monumetensis, Caradoc Lancarnauensis,
+William Reuellensis, among whom Thurstan archbishop of Yorke is not to
+be forgotten, besides many more who in diuerse sciences were verie
+expert and skilfull, as by treatises of their setting fóorth to the
+world hath sufficientlie appeared.
+
+
+     Thus far Stephan of Bullongne.
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's notes
+
+There are no footnotes in the original. The original spelling and
+punctuation have been retained, with the exception of obvious errors
+which have been corrected by reference to the 1587 edition of which
+the original is a transcription.
+
+[1] Original reads 'hauiug'; corrected to 'hauing'.
+
+[2] Original reads ' o'; corrected to 'to'.
+
+[3] Original reads 'strenghthen'; corrected to 'strengthen'.
+
+[4] Original reads 'insused'; corrected to 'insued'.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and
+Ireland (2 of 6): England (4 of 12), by Raphael Holinshed
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland
+(2 of 6): England (4 of 12), by Raphael Holinshed
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland (2 of 6): England (4 of 12)
+       Stephan Earle Of Bullongne
+
+Author: Raphael Holinshed
+
+Release Date: September 27, 2005 [EBook #16760]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Louise Pryor and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+STEPHAN EARLE OF BULLONGNE.
+
+
+[Sidenote: 1135 An. Reg. 1.] Stephan earle of Bullongne, the sonne of
+Stephan erle of Blois, by his wife Adela, daughter to William
+Conquerour, came ouer with all speed after the death of his vncle, and
+tooke vpon him the gouernement of the realme of England, partlie through
+confidence which he had in the puissance and strength of his brother
+Theobald earle of Blois, and partlie by the aid of his brother Henrie
+bishop of Winchester and abbat of Glastenburie, although that he with
+other of the Nobles had sworne afore to be true vnto the empresse and
+hir issue as lawfull heires of king Henrie latelie deceased.
+
+[Sidenote: A tempest. _Matth. West._] The same daie that he arriued in
+England, there chanced a mightie great tempest of thunder, horrible to
+heare, and lightning dreadfull to behold. Now bicause this happened in
+the winter time, it s�emed against nature, and therefore it was the more
+noted as a foreshewing of some trouble and calamitie to come.
+
+This Stephan began his reigne ouer the realme of England the second day
+of December, in the yere of our Lord 1135. in the eleuenth yeare of the
+emperour Lothair, the sixt of pope Innocentius the second, and about the
+xxvii. of Lewes the seuenth, surnamed Crassus king of France, Dauid the
+first of that name then reigning in Scotland, & entring into the twelfe
+of his regiment. [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _Wil. Mal._ _Simon Dun._] He
+was crowned at Westminster vpon S. Stephans day, by William archbishop
+of Canturburie, the most part of the Nobles of the realme being present,
+and swearing fealtie vnto him, as to their true and lawfull souereigne.
+
+Howbeit, there were diuerse of the wiser sort of all estates, which
+regarding their former oth, could haue b�ene contented that the empresse
+should haue gouerned till hir sonne had come to lawfull age;
+notwithstanding they held their peace as yet, and consented vnto
+Stephan. [Sidenote: Periurie punished.] But this breach of their othes
+was worthilie punished afterward, insomuch that as well the bishops as
+the other Nobles either died an euill death, or were afflicted with
+diuerse kinds of calamities and mischances, and that euen here in this
+life, of which some of them as occasion serueth shall be remembred
+hereafter. [Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._ The bishop of Salisburies
+protestation.] Yet there were of them (and namelie the bishop of
+Salisburie) which protested that they were fr�e from their oth of
+allegiance made to the said empresse, bicause that without the consent
+of the lords of the land she was maried out of the realme, whereas they
+tooke their oth to receiue hir for queene, vpon that condition, that
+without their assent she should not marrie with any person out of the
+realme.
+
+[Sidenote: The bishops think to please God in breaking their oth.]
+Moreouer (as some writers thinke) the bishops tooke it, that they should
+doo God good seruice in prouiding for the wealth of the realme, and the
+aduancement of the church by their periurie. For whereas the late
+deceassed king vsed himselfe not altogither for their purpose, they
+thought that if they might set vp and creat a king ch�eflie by their
+especiall meanes and authoritie, he would follow their counsell better,
+and reforme such things as they iudged to be amisse. But a great cause
+that mooued manie of the lords vnto the violating thus of their oth,
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ Hugh Bigot.] was (as some authors rehearse)
+for that Hugh Bigot, sometime steward to king Henrie the first,
+immediatlie after the decease of king Henrie, came into England, and as
+well before the archbishop of Canturburie, as diuers other lords of the
+land, tooke a voluntarie oth (although most men thinke that he was hired
+so to doo bicause of great promotion) declaring vpon the same that he
+was present a little before king Henries death, when the same king
+adopted and chose his nepheue Stephan to be his heire and successour,
+bicause his daughter, the empresse had gr�euouslie displeased him. But
+vnto this mans oth the archbishop and the other lords were so hastie in
+giuing of credit. Now the said Hugh for his periurie, by the iust
+iudgment of God, came shortlie after to a miserable end.
+
+[Sidenote: _Simon Dun._] [Sidenote: 1136.] [Sidenote: _Polydor._ _Simon
+Dun._ _Matth. Paris._] But to our purpose. King Stephan (by what title
+soeuer he obteined the crowne) immediatlie after his coronation, went
+first to Reading to the buriall of the bodie of his vncle Henrie, the
+same being now brought ouer from Normandie, from whence after the
+buriall he repaired to Oxenford, and there calling a councell of the
+lords & other estates of his realme; [Sidenote: The faire promises of
+king Stephan.] amongst other things he promised before the whole
+assemblie (to win the harts of the people) that he would put downe and
+quite abolish that tribute which oftentimes was accustomed to be
+gathered after the rate of their acres of hides or land, commonlie
+called Danegilt, which was two shillings of euerie hide of land. Also,
+that he would so prouide, that no bishop sees nor other benefices should
+remaine void, but immediatlie after vpon their first vacation, they
+should be againe bestowed vpon some conuenient person meet to supplie
+the roome. Further he promised not to seize vpon any mans woods as
+forfeit, though any priuate man had hunted and killed his d�ere in the
+same woods, as the maner of his predecessour was. � For a kind of
+forfeiture was deuised by king Henrie, that those should lose their
+right inheritance in their woods, that chanced to kill any of the kings
+d�ere within the same.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._ _Ran. Higd._ Licence to build castels.] Moreouer,
+he granted licence to all men, to build either castell, tower, or other
+hold for defense of themselues vpon their owne grounds. Al this did he
+chieflie in hope that the same might be a safegard for him in time to
+come, if the empresse should inuade the land, as he doubted she shortlie
+would. Moreouer he aduanced manie yoong & lustie gentlemen to great
+liuings. [Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._ In nouella historia.] For such as were
+of any noble familie, and thereto through a certeine stoutnesse of
+stomach sought preferment, easilie obteined of him the possession of
+castels and great lordships, diuerse of whom he honored with titles of
+dignitie, creating some of them earles and some lords. Now, such was
+their importunate sute in demanding, that when he had little more to
+bestow amongst them, hauing[1] alreadie giuen sundrie portions that
+belonged to the crowne, they ceassed not to be in hand with him for
+more, and being denied with reasonable excuses on his behalfe, they
+thought themselues ill dealt withall, and so turning from him, fortified
+their castels and holds, making open warre against him: as hereafter
+shall appeare.
+
+[Sidenote: The resort of strangers to serue king Stephan.] There came
+ouer vnto him also a great number of Flemings and Britons to serue him
+as souldiers, whom he reteined, to be the stronger and better able to
+defend himselfe against the malice of the empresse, by whom he looked to
+be molested he wist not how soone. Wherefore he shewed himselfe verie
+liberall, courteous, and gentle towards all maner of persons at the
+first, and (to saie truth) more liberall, familiar, and free harted than
+stood with the maiestie of a king: which was afterward a cause that he
+grew into contempt. � But to such meanes are princes driuen, that
+atteine to their estates more through fauour and support of others, than
+by any good right or title which they may pretend of themselues. Thus
+the gouernement of this prince at the beginning was nothing bitter or
+heauie to his subiects, but full of gentlenesse, lenitie, courtesie, and
+mildnes.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] Howbeit whilest these things were a dooing,
+certeine of the English Nobilitie, abhorring both the king and the
+present state of his gouernment, went priuilie out of the realme into
+Scotland to king Dauid, declaring vnto him what a detestable act was
+committed by the lords of England, in that (contrarie to their oth made
+vnto the empresse Maud, and hir issue) they had now crowned Stephan.
+Wherefore they besought the said king to take in hand to reuenge such a
+vile iniurie practised against hir, and to restore the kingdome vnto the
+said empresse, which if he did, it should be a thing most acceptable
+both to God and man.
+
+[Sidenote: The king of Scots inuadeth the English marshes. _Sim. Dunel._
+_Matt. Paris._ _Polydor._] King Dauid hauing heard and well weied the
+effect of their request, foorthwith was so mooued at their words, that
+in all possible hast he assembled an armie, and entring into England,
+first tooke the citie and castell of Carleil: afterward comming into
+Northumberland, he tooke Newcastell and manie other places vpon the
+borders there. Whereof king Stephan being aduertised, streightwaies
+assembled a power, and foorthwith hasted into Cumberland, meaning to
+recouer that againe by force of armes, which the enimie had stolen from
+him by craft and subtiltie. [Sidenote: K. Stephan encamped n�ere to his
+enimie the K. of Scots.] At his approch n�ere to Carleil, he pitched
+downe his field in the euening, thinking there to staie till the
+morning, that he might vnderstand of what power the enimie was, whome he
+knew to be at hand.
+
+King Dauid also was of a fierce courage, and redie inough to haue giuen
+him battell, but yet when he beheld the English standards in the field,
+and diligentlie viewed their order and behauiour, [Sidenote: An accord
+made betwixt the two kings Stephan and Dauid.] he was at the last
+contented to giue care to such as intreated for peace on both sides.
+Wherevpon comming to king Stephan, he entred a fr�endlie peace with him,
+wherein he made a surrender of Newcastell, with condition that he should
+reteine Cumberland by the fr�e grant of king Stephan, who hoped thereby
+to find king Dauid the more faithfull vnto him in time of need: but yet
+he was deceiued, as afterwards manifestlie app�ered. For when king
+Stephan required of him an oth of allegiance, he answered that he was
+once sworne alreadie vnto Maud the empresse. Howbeit to[2] gratifie him,
+he commanded his son Henrie to receiue that oth, for the which the king
+gaue him the earledome of Huntington to hold of him for euer.
+
+[Sidenote: _Hec. Boetius._] � The Scotish chronicles set out the matter
+in other order, but yet all agr�e that Henrie sweare fealtie to king
+Stephan, as in the said historie of Scotland you may s�e more at large.
+[Sidenote: _Simon Dun._ _Matth. Paris._ _Simon Dun._ King Stephan
+sicke.] Now after that king Stephan had concluded a peace with king
+Dauid, he returned to London, and there kept his Easter with great ioy
+and triumphes: who whilest he was yet in the middest of all his pastime,
+about Rogation w�eke, he chanced to fall sicke of a litargie, by reason
+whereof a rumor was spred ouer all the realme that he was dead. Which
+though it was but a vaine tale, and of no importance at the first, yet
+was it after the occasion of much euill. [Sidenote: False rumors what
+hurt they oftentimes doo.] For vpon that report great sedition was
+raised by the kings enimies amongst the people, the minds of his fr�ends
+were alienated from him, & manie of the Normans (which were well
+practised in periuries & treasons) thought they might boldlie attempt
+all misch�efes that came to hand, and hervpon some of them vndertooke to
+defend one place, and some another. [Sidenote: Hugh Bigot. Baldwin
+Reduers. Robert Quisquere.] Hugh Bigot erle of Norfolke a valiant
+chieftein entered into Norwhich, Baldwin Reduers tooke Excester, &
+Robert Quisquere got certeine castels also into his hands.
+
+King Stephan hearing what his enimies had doone, though he was somewhat
+mooued with this alteration of things, yet as one nothing afraid of the
+matter, he said merilie to those that stood about him: "We are aliue yet
+God be thanked, and that shall be knowne to our enimies yer it be long."
+Neither doubted he any thing but some secret practise of treason, and
+therefore vsing all diligence, he made the more hast to go against his
+enimies, whose attempts though streightwaies for the more part he
+repressed, yet could he not recouer the places (without much adoo) that,
+they had gotten, as Excester, and others: which when he had obteined, he
+contented himselfe for a time and followed not the victorie any further
+in pursuing of his enemies. Wherevpon they became more bold afterward
+than before; in somuch that soone after they practised diuerse things
+against him, whereof (God willing) some in places conuenient shall
+appeare: howbeit they permitted him to remaine in quiet for a time.
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] But whilest he studied to take order in things at
+home (perceiuing how no small number of his subiects did dailie shew
+themselues to beare him no hartie good will) he began by little and
+little to take awaie those liberties from the people, which in the
+beginning of his reigne he had granted vnto them, and to denie those
+promises which he had made, according to the saieng, "That which I haue
+giuen, I would I had not giuen, and that which remaineth I will k�epe
+still." This sudden alteration and new kind of rough dealing purchased
+him great enuie amongst all men in the end. [Sidenote: Geffrey earle of
+Aniou.] About the same time, great commotions were raised in Normandie
+by meanes of the lord Geffrey earle of Aniou, husband to Maud the
+empresse, setting the whole countrie in trouble: but yer any newes
+thereof came into England, king Stephan went against Baldwin Reduers,
+who being latelie (though not without great and long siege expelled out
+of Excester) got him into the Isle of Wight, [Sidenote: _Simon Dunel._
+_Wil. Paruus._ _Polydor._] and there began to deuise a new conspiracie.
+Howbeit the king comming suddenlie into the Isle, tooke it at the first
+assault, and exiled Baldwin out of the realme.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 2. 1137] [Sidenote: K. Stephan passeth into
+Normandie.] Having thus with good successe finished this enterprise, and
+being now aduertised of the businesse in Normandie, he sailed thither
+with a great armie: and being come within two daies iournie of his
+enimie the earle of Aniou, he sent foorth his whole power of horssemen,
+diuided into three parts, which were not gone past a daies iournie
+forward, but they encountred the earle, finding him with no great force
+about him. [Sidenote: The earle of Aniou put to flight.] Wherevpon
+giuing the charge vpon him, they put him to flight, and slue manie of
+his people. Which enterprise in this maner valientlie atchiued, euen
+according to the mind of king Stephan, [Sidenote: Lewes king of France.
+Eustace son to king Stephan.] he ioined in freendship with Lewes the
+seuenth king of France: and hauing latelie created his sonne Eustace
+duke of Normandie, he presentlie appointed him to doo his homage vnto
+the said Lewes for the same.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ Theobald erle of Blois.] Now whereas his
+elder brother Theobald earle of Blois at that time in Normandie, found
+himselfe greeued, that Stephan the yoonger brother had vsurped the lands
+that belonged to their vncle king Henrie, rather than himselfe, Stephan
+to stop this iust complaint of his brother, [Sidenote: K. Stephan
+agr�eth with the earle of Aniou.] and to allaie his mood, agr�ed with
+him, couenanting to paie him yearelie two thousand marks of such current
+monie as was then in vse. Furthermore, wheras Geffrey the earle of Aniou
+demanded in right of his wife the empresse, the whole kingdome of
+England, to be at an end with him, king Stephan was contented to
+satisfie him with a yearelie pension of fiue thousand marks, which
+composition he willinglie receiued.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] Thus when he had prouided for the suertie of
+Normandie, he returned againe into England, where he was no sooner
+arriued, but aduertisement was giuen him of a warre newlie begon with
+the Scots, whose king vnder a colour of obseruing the oth to the
+empresse, [Sidenote: The Scots inuade the English borders.] made dailie
+insurrections and inuasions into England, to the great disturbance of
+king Stephan and the annoiance of his people. Wherwith being somewhat
+mooued, he went streightwaies toward the north parts, and determined
+first to besiege Bedford by the waie, which apperteined to the earledome
+of Huntington, by gift made vnto Henrie the sonne of king Dauid, and
+therevpon at that present kept with a garison of Scotish men.
+
+[Sidenote: _Simon Dun._.] This place did the king besiege by the space
+of 30. daies togither, giuing thereto euerie daie an assault or alarme,
+in somuch that coming thither on Christmasse daie, he spared not on the
+morow to assaile them, and so at length wan the towne from them by m�ere
+force and strength. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 3. 1138.] [Sidenote: King Dauid
+inuaded Northumberland. _Matth. West._ _Polydor._ _Matt. Paris._ _Simon
+Dun._] King Dauid hearing those newes, and being alreadie in armour in
+the field, entered into Northumberland, and licensed his men of warre to
+spoile and rob the countrie thereabout at their pleasure. Herevpon
+followed such crueltie, that their rage stretched vnto old and yoong,
+vnto preest and clearke, yea women with child escaped not their hands,
+they hanged, headed, and slue all that came in their waie: houses were
+burnt, cattell driuen awaie, and all put to fire and sword that serued
+to any vse for rel�efe, either of man or beast.
+
+� Here we see what a band of calamities doo accompanie and waite vpon
+warre, wherein also we haue to consider what a traine of felicities doo
+attend vpon peace, by an equall comparing of which twaine togither, we
+may easilie perceiue in how heauenlie an estate those people be that
+liue vnder the scepter of tranquillitie, and contrariwise what a hellish
+course of life they lead that haue sworne their seruice to the sword. We
+may consider also the inordinat outrages of princes, & their frantike
+fiersenes, who esteeme not the losse of their subiects liues, the
+effusion of innocent bloud, the population of countries, the ruinating
+of ample regions, &c.: so their will may be satisfied, there desire
+serued. [Sidenote: M. Pal. in suo Capric.] And therefore it was aptlie
+spoken by a late poet, not beside this purpose:
+    Reges atque duces dira impelluntur in arma,
+    Imperi�mque sibi miserorum c�de lucrantur.
+    O c�ci, � miseri, quid? bellum pace putatis
+    Dignius aut melius? nempe h�c nil terpius, & nil
+    Quod magis human� procul � ratione recedat.
+    [Sidenote: _Ouid._]
+      Candida pax homines, trux decet ira feras.
+
+[Sidenote: K. Stephan maketh hast to rescue the north parts.] But to our
+storie. King Stephan hearing of this pitifull spoile, hasted forward
+with great iournies to the rescue of the countrie. [Sidenote: The Scots
+retire.] The Scots put in feare of sp�edie comming to encounter them,
+drew backe into Scotland: [Sidenote: K. Stephan burnt the south parts of
+Scotland.] but he pursued them, and entring into their countrie burned
+and destroied the south parts of that realme in most miserable maner.
+Whilest king Stephan was thus about to beat backe the forren enimies,
+and reuenge himselfe on them, he was assailed by other at home, & not
+without the iust vengeance of almightie God, who meant to punish him for
+his periurie committed in taking vpon him the crowne, contrarie to his
+oth made vnto the empresse and hir children. [Sidenote: Robert earle of
+Glocester.] For Robert erle of Glocester, base brother vnto the
+empresse, and of hir priuie councell, sought by all meanes how to bring
+king Stephan into hatred, both of the Nobles and commons, that by their
+helpe he might be expelled the realme, and the gouernment restored to
+the empresse and hir sonne.
+
+Such earnest trauell was made by this earle of Glocester, that manie of
+his freends which fauoured his cause, now that king Stephan was occupied
+in the north parts, ioined with him in conspiracie against their
+souereigne. [Sidenote: Bristow taken.] First the said earle himselfe
+tooke Bristowe; and after this diuerse other townes and castels there in
+that countrie were taken by him and others, with full purpose to k�epe
+the same to the behoofe of the empresse and hir sonne. [Sidenote: _Sim.
+Dun._ Talbot.] Amongst other William Talbot tooke vpon him to defend
+Hereford in Wales: [Sidenote: _Matt. Paris._ Louell. Painell. Fitz-John.
+Fitz-Alain.] William Louell held the castell of Gary: Paganell or
+Painell kept the castell of Ludlow: William de Moun the castell of
+Dunestor: Robert de Nicholl, the castle of Warram: Eustace Fitz-John,
+the castle of Walton; and William Fitz-Alain, the castle of
+Shrewesburie.
+
+When word hereof came to king Stephan, he was maruellouslie vexed: for
+being determined to haue pursued the Scots euen to the vttermost limits
+of their countrie, he was now driuen to change his mind, and thought it
+good at the first to stop the proceedings of his enimies at home, least
+in giuing them space to increase their force, they might in processe of
+time growe so strong, that it would be an hard matter to resist them at
+the last. [Sidenote: _Simon Dun._ _Matth. Paris._ The castle of Douer
+deliuered to the qu�ene. _Polydor._] Herevpon therefore he returned
+southward, and comming vpon his enimies, recouered out of their hands
+diuers of those places which they held, as Hereford, and the castle of
+Shrewesburie. About the same time one Walkeline y�elded the castle of
+Douer vnto the qu�ene, who had besieged him within the same.
+
+Now king Stephan knowing that the Scots were not like long to continue
+in quiet, returned northwards againe; [Sidenote: Thurstan archbishop of
+Yorke made lieutenant of the north ports.] and comming to Thurstan the
+archbishop of Yorke, he committed the k�eping of the countrie vnto his
+charge, commanding him to be in a redinesse to defend the borders vpon
+any sudden inuasion. Which thing the couragious archbishop willinglie
+vndertooke. By this meanes king Stephan being eased of a great part of
+his care, fell in hand to besiege the residue of those places which the
+rebels kept: but they fearing to abide the danger of an assault, fled
+away, some into one part, and some into another; whom the kings power of
+horssemen still pursuing and ouertaking by the way, slue, and tooke no
+small number of them prisoners in the chase. Thus was the victorie in
+maner wholie atchiued, and all those places recouered, which the enimies
+had fortified.
+
+[Sidenote: The Scots eftsoones inuade Northumberland.] In like maner
+when king Dauid heard that the king was thus vexed with ciuill warre at
+home, he entred England againe in most forceable wise: and sending his
+horssemen abroad into the countrie, commanded them to waste and spoile
+the same after their accustomed maner. But in the meane time he purposed
+with himselfe to besiege Yorke: which citie if he might haue woone, he
+determined to haue made it the frontier hold against king Stephan, and
+the rest that tooke part with him. Herevpon calling in his horssemen
+from straieng further abroad, he marched thitherwards, and comming neere
+to the citie, pitched downe his tents.
+
+[Sidenote: Archbishop Thurstan raiseth a power to fight with the Scots.]
+In this meane while the archbishop Thurstan, to whom the charge of
+defending the countrie cheefelie in the kings absence apperteined,
+called togither the Nobles and gentlemen of the shire and parties
+adioining, whom with so pithie and effectuall words he exhorted to
+resist the attempts of the Scots (whose cruell dooings could k�epe no
+measure) that incontinentlie all the power of the northparts was raised,
+[Sidenote: _Sim. Dunel._ Capteines of the armie.] and (vnder the leading
+of William earle of Albermarle, Walter Espeke, William Peuerell of
+Nottingham, and two of the Lacies, Walter and Gilbert) offered euen with
+perill of life and limme to trie the matter against the Scots in a pight
+field, and either to driue them out of the countrie, or else to loose
+their liues in the quarel of their prince.
+
+It chanced at this time, that archbishop Thurstan was sicke, and
+therefore could not come into the field himselfe, [Sidenote: Rafe bish.
+of Durham supplieth the roome of the archbishop.] but yet he sent Rafe
+bishop of Durham to supplie his roome, who though he saw and perceiued
+that euerie man was readie enough to encounter with their enimies; yet
+he thought good to vse some exhortation vnto them the better to
+encourage them, in maner as here ensueth.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _Sim. Dun._] "Most noble Englishmen, and ye
+right valient Normans, of whose courage the Frenchman is afraid, by you
+England is kept vnder, by you Apulia dooth flourish, and vnto you
+Jerusalem and Antioch haue y�elded their subjection. We haue at this
+present the rebellious nation of Scotland (which of right ought to be
+subiect to the crowne of England) come into the field against vs,
+thinking for euermore to rid themselues of their submission, and to
+bring both vs and our countrie into their bondage and thraldome. Now
+albeit I see in you courage sufficient, to beat them backe from any
+further attempt; yet least when you shall come to the triall, by any
+manner of chance, you should loose any p�ece thereof, I lamenting the
+state of my countrie (whose gr�euances I wish you should redresse) doo
+meane to vse a few words vnto you, not for that I would exhort you to
+doo any man wrong, but rather to beat them backe which offer to doo you
+iniurie. Consider therefore that you shall here fight with that enimie,
+whom you haue oftentimes vanquished, and oftentimes offending in
+periurie, haue oftentimes most worthilie punished: whome also (to be
+br�efe) raging after the maner of cruell robbers, wickedlie spoiling
+churches, and taking awaie our goods, you did latelie constreine to
+lurke in desert places and corners out of sight. Against this enimie (I
+say) therefore worthie of reuengement for his so manifold outrages, shew
+yourselues valiant, and with manlie stomaches driue him out of our
+confines. For as far as I can perceiue, the victorie is yours, God
+surelie will aid you, who cannot longer abide the sinnes of this people.
+Wherefore he that looseth his life in so iust a quarell (according to
+the saieng of our sauiour) shall find it. Let not their rash and
+presumptuous boldnesse make you afraid, sith so manie tokens of your
+approoued valiancie cannot cause them to stand in doubt of you. You are
+clad in armour, and so appointed with helmet, curase, greiues, and
+target, that the enimie knoweth not were to strike and hurt you. Then
+sith you shall haue to doo with naked men, and such as vse not to weare
+any armour at all, but more m�et for brablers and ale-house quarrellers
+than men of warre vsed to the field: what should you stand in doubt of?
+Their huge number is not able to stand against your skilfull order and
+practised knowledge in all warlike feats and martiall discipline. A rude
+multitude is but a let, rather than a furtherance to atchiue the
+victorie. A small number of your worthie elders haue oftentimes
+vanquished great multitudes of enimies." As the bishop was thus speaking
+to the English armie, and before he grew to an end of his exhortation,
+the Scots approched with their battels, & first certeine of their bands
+of horssemen were sent afore, to take the higher ground: [Sidenote: The
+Englishmen set vpon the Scots.] which when the Englishmen perceiued,
+they staied not till the enimies should begin the battell, but
+straightwaies caused their trumpets to sound, and so giue the onset.
+
+The Scots were as readie to encounter with them, so that the battell
+began to be verie hot, and euen at the first out flew the arrows, and
+then the footmen ioined, who fought most fiercelie on both sides.
+[Sidenote: The Scots of Lodian disorder the Englishmen. _Simon Dun._
+_Matth. Paris._] Herewith a wing of them of Lodian, which were in the
+Scotish vauntgard, brake in vpon the vauntgard of the English: but yet
+closing togither againe, they kept out the enimies, and casting about
+with a wing, compassed the Scotish horssemen round about, and panching
+their horsses, they slue a great number, and constreined the residue to
+retire. Which thing when their felowes in the other wing saw, their
+hearts began to faint, and by and by betooke them to their heeles.
+
+The rumor of this flight being notified to the maine battell of the
+Scotish men, where king Dauid himselfe was fighting with his enimies,
+discomfited them also, in such wise, [Sidenote: The Scots put to
+flight.] that they in like began to shrinke backe: first by parts, and
+after by heapes togither. The king did what he could to staie them: but
+the English pressed so vpon them, that there was no recouerie. Wherefore
+he himselfe was glad in the end to beare his men companie, in s�eking to
+saue himselfe by flight, and make such shift as he could amongst the
+residue.
+
+[Sidenote: Henrie earle of Huntington his valiancie.] His sonne Henrie
+the earle of Huntington more regarding his honour, than the danger of
+life, neither mooued with the flight of his father, nor the ouerthrow of
+the other, came in amongst his men, being readie to turne their backes,
+and with bold countenance spake these or the like words vnto them, as
+the shortnesse of the time would permit. "Whither go you good fellowes?
+Here shall you find armour and force, neither shall you, whilest life
+remaineth in your capteine (whom ye ought to follow) depart without the
+victorie. Therefore choose whether yee had rather trie the matter with
+the enimies by battell, or to be put to a shamefull death at home after
+your returns thither." The Scots mooued with these vehement words of
+their valiant capteine, recoiled vpon their enimies, and began to make
+hauocke of them: but being no great number, and beset with the English
+footmen before, and the horssemen behind, they were shortlie brought to
+distresse, and for the more part either taken or slaine.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._ _Hen. Hunt._ The number. _Simon Dun._ _Matth.
+Paris._ _Wil. Paru._ _Polydor._] At length earle Henrie perceiuing how
+the matter went, and that there was no hope left of recouerie, fled also
+with those that could escape, bitterlie cursing the frowardnesse of
+fortune, and mishap of that daies chance. The number of them that were
+killed at this battell was aboue ten thousand. In which number there
+were not manie of the English: but yet among other, Walter Lacie the
+brother of Gilbert Lacie, one of their cheefe capteines is remembered to
+be one. This battell was fought in the moneth of August, in the fourth
+of king Stephan, who hearing of this victorie, greatlie reioised, and
+gaue infinite commendations to his subiects (the Englishmen and the
+Normans) but principallie praised archbishop Thurstan and the bishop of
+Durham for their faithfull and diligent seruice shewed in this behalfe.
+
+On the other side he himselfe vsing the like good successe amongst the
+rebels at home, ouercame them, and chased them out of the land.
+[Sidenote: _Ran. Higd._ Castels recouered by king Stephan.] For in this
+meane time he had taken the castels of Hereford, Glocester, Webbeley,
+Bristowe, Dudley, and Shrewesburie. Likewise Robert earle of Glocester
+not being able to resist the king thus preuailing against his
+aduersaries on ech hand, fled into France vnto his sister the empresse.
+[Sidenote: _N. Triuet._ _Simon Dun._ _Matth. Paris._] After this, about
+Aduent, the popes legat one Alberike bishop of Hostia, held a synod at
+London, within Paules church, where by the kings consent, [Sidenote:
+Theobald archbishop of Canturburie.] Theobald abbat of Bechellouin was
+consecrated archbishop of Canturburie, being the 37. archbishop which
+had ruled that see, after Augustine the moonke.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 5. 1140.] The king hauing now accomplished his
+purpose, taken the castell of Leides, and brought the state of the
+realme to a meetlie good staie, thought it expedient after the late
+ouerthrow giuen to the Scots, to pursue the victorie, and vtterlie to
+subdue them with all expedition. [Sidenote: _Polydor._ _Matth. Paris._
+K. Stephan inuadeth Scotland.] He brought his armie therefore into
+Scotland, first wasting and spoiling the countrie, and afterward
+preparing to fight with such Scots as came foorth to defend their goods
+and houses. K. Dauid perceiuing himselfe to be too weake, made sute to
+the king for peace, which with much difficultie he obteined at length,
+[Sidenote: A peace concluded betw�ene the two kings of England and
+Scotland.] by deliuering his sonne Henrie vnto king Stephan in pledge
+for the sure performance of couenants concluded vpon betwixt them.
+Herevpon king Stephan hauing thus ended his businesse in Scotland,
+returned into England: and after directing his iornie towards Wales, he
+came to Ludlow: [Sidenote: Ludlow wun.] which towne (being held by his
+aduersaries) he wan yer long out of their hands.
+
+After this he went to Oxenford, where whilest he remained, a great brute
+was spred abroad, that the empresse was comming with hir brother, the
+earle of Glocester: which caused him to put the lesse trust in his
+people from thenceforth, in so much that he began to repent himselfe
+(although too late) for that he, had granted licence to so manie of his
+subiects to build castels within their owne grounds. [Sidenote: Roger
+bishop of Salisburie. Alexander B. of Lincolne. _Wil. Malm._] For he had
+them all in suspicion: and amongst other, he vehementlie suspected Roger
+bishop of Salisburie (who had doone verie much for him) and Alexander
+bishop of Lincolne nephue to the said bishop of Salisburie, or (as some
+thought) more n�ere to him in kindred than his nephue, I meane, his
+sonne. [Sidenote: Castels built by the bishop of Salisburie.] For the
+said Roger had builded diuerse castels, as at Shierborne, at the Uies,
+and at Malmesburie. The said Alexander likewise following his vncles
+example, bestowed his monie that way verie fr�elie, hauing builded one
+castell at Newarke, and another at Sl�eford.
+
+[Sidenote: _Simon Dun._ Newarke castel built by the bishop of Lincolne.]
+The king therefore hauing committed both these bishops to prison,
+[Sidenote: The B. of Elie banished.] and furthermore sent Nigell or
+Neill the bishop of Elie into exile (which Nigell was nephue also to the
+foresaid bishop of Salisburie) he threatened to keepe them without
+either meate or drinke, if they would not cause these castels to be
+deliuered into his hands, whereby he obteined them, and moreouer found
+in the bishop of Salisburies cofers 40. thousand marks, which he tooke
+to his owne vse, by way of confiscation for his disloiall demeanor.
+[Sidenote: The bishop of Salisburie dieth of thought. _Wil. Malm._ In
+nouella historia.] This ingratitude of the king wounded the bishops
+hart, insomuch that taking thought for the losse of his houses and
+monie, he pined awaie, and died within a while after.
+
+The quarrell which was first picked at these bishops, rose by occasion
+of a fraie betwixt the bishops men and the seruants of Alaine duke of
+Britaine, about the taking vp of Innes at their comming to Oxenford. In
+which fraie one of the dukes men was killed, his nephue almost slaine,
+and the residue of his folkes sore beaten and chased. Herevpon were the
+bishops first committed to ward, and afterward handled at the kings
+pleasure, as partlie ye haue heard.
+
+[Sidenote: Fortunes inconstancie. _Wil. Paru._] � H�ere by the way, good
+reader, thou hast one example worthie to be marked of fickle fortunes
+inconstancie, whereof the poet speaketh verie excellentlie;
+    [Sidenote: M. Pal. in suo scor.]
+    ---- variat semper fortuna tenorem,
+    Diuerso gaudens mortalia voluere casu,
+    Nam qui scire velit, cur hunc fortuna vel illum
+    Aut premat aut sursum tollat, nimis ardua qu�rit:
+    Terrarum sequidem est illi concessa potestas
+    Maxima, & huic illam pr�fecit Iuppiter orbi.
+
+For this Roger bishop of Salisburie, was in the daies of William Rufus a
+poore pr�est, seruing a cure in a village n�ere the citie of Caen in
+Normandie. Now it chanced, that the lord Henrie the kings brother came
+thither on a time, and called for a pr�est to say masse before him.
+Whervpon this Roger comming to the altar, was by and by readie and
+quicke at it, and therewithall had so speedilie made an end thereof,
+that the men of warre then attendant on the said lord Henrie, affirmed
+that this pr�est aboue all other, was a chapleine meet to say masse
+before men of warre, bicause he had made an end when manie thought he
+had but newlie begun. Herevpon the kings brother commanded the preest to
+follow him, insomuch that when oportunitie serued, for his diligent
+seruice, and readie dispatch of matters, when Henrie had atteined the
+crowne, he was by him aduanced to great promotions: [Sidenote: The
+bishop of Salisburie made lord chancelour.] as first to be Chancelour of
+England, & after bishop of Salisburie, growing still into such
+estimation, that he might doo more with the king than any other of the
+councell.
+
+But to returne to king Stephan, who after he had thus imprisoned the
+aforesaid bishops, manned those castles which he tooke from them with
+his owne soldiers, in like maner as he had doone all the rest which he
+had taken from the rebels, that he might the better withstand the
+empresse and hir sonne, whose comming he euer feared. He began also to
+shew himselfe cruell towards all men, and namelie against those that had
+chieflie furthered his title to the obteining of the crowne. � This (as
+manie tooke it) came to passe by the prouidence of almightie God, that
+those should suffer for their periuries, which contrarie to law and
+right had consented to crowne him king.
+
+[Sidenote: K. Stephan doubts whom to trust.] In d�ed he wist not well
+whom he might trust, for he stood in doubt of all men, bicause he was
+aduertised by credible report, that the empresse sought for aid on all
+sides, meaning verie shortlie to come into England. For this cause also
+he thought good to procure the fr�endship of Lewes king of France, which
+he brought to passe, [Sidenote: He cotracteth affinitie with the French
+king.] by concluding a mariage betw�ene his sonne Eustace and the ladie
+Constance sister to the said Lewes. But within a few yeares after, this
+Eustace died, and then was Constance maried to Raimond earle of
+Tholouse.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._ _Polydor._ _Matth. Paris._ Alberike de U�er
+pleadeth the kings cause.] In the meane time, namelie on the first daie
+of September, a councell was holden at Winchester, wherein earle
+Alberike de Ueer pleaded with great eloquence the kings case, in excuse
+of his fault for imprisoning the bishops, which was sore laid to his
+charge by his owne brother the bishop of Winchester, being also the
+popes legat: who (togither with the archbishop of Canturburie and other
+bishops) had called this councell for that purpose. Howbeit they got
+nothing of the king but faire words, and promises of amendment in that
+which had b�ene doone otherwise than equitie required which promises
+were vtterlie vnperformed, and so the councell brake vp.
+
+[Sidenote: The empresse landed here in England.] In the moneth of Iulie
+the empresse Maud landed here in England at Portesmouth, & went strait
+to Arundell, which towne (togither with the countie of Sussex) hir
+mother in law Adelicia king Henries second wife, wedded to William de
+Albenay, held in right of assignation for hir dower. There came in with
+the empresse hir brother Robert and Hugh Bigot, of whom ye haue heard
+before.
+
+[Sidenote: What power she brought with hir.] Some write that the
+empresse brought with hir a great armie, to the intent that ioining with
+Ranulph earle of Chester (who tooke part with Robert erle of Glocester,
+bicause the same Rob. had maried his daughter) she might fight with king
+Stephan, and trie the battell with him. [Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._
+_Polydor._] Other declare that she came to England now at the first, but
+with a small power (as seuen score horssemen or men of armes as we may
+call them) in hope of Gods assurance (who seldome faileth those that
+fight in a rightfull cause) and againe vpon trust of aid of freends, who
+for the benefits receiued at hir fathers hands, would be readie to go
+against king Stephan. Wherevpon hir brother earle Robert leauing his
+sister in the castle of Arundell, rode with all sp�ed vnto Glocester
+thorough his enimies countrie, not taking with him past 12. men of
+armes, and as manie archers on horssebacke, that vpon his coming thither
+he might leuie an armie with so much speed as was possible. [Sidenote:
+Earle Robert commeth to Glocester.] Now when he came to Glocester,
+though the citie was kept with a garison of soldiours placed there by
+king Stephan, yet the townesmen, after they heard that their earle was
+approched to the gates, they droue out the garison, & receiued him into
+the towne, where he remained a time, partlie to assemble an armie, and
+partlie to practise with other townes and castels thereabouts, to reuolt
+vnto his sister. [Sidenote: _Matt. Paris._ Brian the earle of Glocesters
+sonne. Miles earle of Hereford.] Amongst all other, the earles sonne
+Brian, and Miles of Glocester were right ioifull of the news of the
+empresses arriuall, and gladlie prepared themselues to fight in defense
+of hir cause.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._ The empresse besieged in Arundell castel.] In the
+meane time king Stephan, hauing knowledge of the landing of the
+empresse, and other his enimies, came strait to Arundell, where he
+besieged hir in the castle, and spent his labour certeine daies in vaine
+about the winning of it. Howbeit at that present he did not preuaile,
+for there were certeine with him, who in fauour of the empresse bare him
+in hand, that it was not possible to win that fortresse, and therefore
+aduised him to raise his siege, and suffer the empresse to be at
+libertie to go to some other place, where he might with more ease and
+lesse damage get hir into his hands. [Sidenote: The king raiseth his
+siege.] The king not perceiuing the drift of those secret practisers,
+followed their counsell. Wherevpon the empresse being now at libertie,
+went from place to place to trie and solicit hir fr�ends: and as a riuer
+increaseth in the passage, so the further the ladie went, the more hir
+power increased. About the midst of the next night after the siege was
+raised, she departed out of the castle, [Sidenote: The empresse goeth to
+Bristow.] and with great iournies sped hir towards Bristow; which was
+alreadie reuolted to hir side.
+
+These things being thus bruted abroad, the Peeres of the realme resorted
+to hir, as they that well remembred how in time past by oth of
+allegiance they were suerlie bound to hir and hir issue. [Sidenote: K.
+Stephen besiegeth Wallingford.] The king in the meantime besieged the
+castle of Wallingford, but after he vnderstood that the empresse was
+gotten to Bristow, repenting himselfe for his light credit giuen to
+euill counsell, he left off the siege of Wallingford, and drew towards
+Bristow, that he might (if it were possible) inclose his aduersaries
+within that walled citie. But the empresse, being aduertised of his
+determination (by such of hir fr�ends as were resident about him) first
+went to Glocester, and after to Lincolne, where she prouided vittailes
+and all other things necessarie for hir armie and defense: purposing to
+remaine in that citie, till the matter were either tried by chance of
+warre betwixt hir and king Stephen, or that by the peoples helpe
+reuolting to hir side, he might be driuen out of the realme, and she
+restored to the whole gouernement. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 6. 1141.] The
+king followed hir verie earnestlie, and comming vnto Lincolne besieged
+it, assaieng on euerie side which waie he might best find meanes to win
+it, & enter into the same. [Sidenote: K. Stephen winneth Lincolne, _Ran.
+Higd._ _Simon Dun._ _Polydor._ _N. Triuet._] At length the empresse
+found shift to escape from thence, and within a little while the king
+got possession of the citie. But shortlie after, Robert earle of
+Glocester, and Ranulph earle of Chester, Hugh Bigot, and Robert of
+Morley assembling their power, aswell of Welshmen as others, to come to
+the succour of those that were thus besieged, came to Lincolne, &
+pitching downe their tents n�ere to the enimies, they rested the first
+night without making any great attempt.
+
+[Sidenote: The ordering of the kings armie readie to giue battell.
+_Simon Dun._ _Matt. Paris._] In the morning being the second daie of
+Februarie, so soone as it was daie, they set their men in order of
+battell, and brought them foorth in sight of the king and his host: who
+were on the other side, not meaning to refuse the conflict, ordered his
+men readie to encounter them, whome he diuided into 3. seuerall battels.
+The chiefest part of his armed men he appointed to remaine on foot,
+amongst whom he placed himselfe, with certeine noble men, as earle
+Baldwin, and others. The residue being horssemen, he disposed into two
+seuerall wings, [Sidenote: The earles of Norfolke, Hampton, Mellent, &
+Waren.] in one of which were Alaine duke of Britaine, Hugh Bigot earle
+of Norfolke, Simon earle of Hampton, and two other earles, Mellent and
+Waren: Howbeit they were not furnished with such number of men as had
+b�ene requisit; for as it fell out, they brought no great retinues with
+them. [Sidenote: The earle of Albermarle, William de Ypres.] The other
+wing was gouerned by the earle of Albemarle, and William de Ypres.
+
+[Sidenote: The ordering of the battels on the kings aduersaries part.]
+Now on the aduersaries side, the earle of Chester led the fore ward, and
+those whome king Stephan had disherited, were placed in the middle ward.
+In the rere ward the earle of Glocester with his companie had the rule.
+And besides those thr�e battels, the Welshmen were set as a wing at one
+of the sides.
+
+Here the earle of Chester (to vtter the good will which he had to fight)
+appointed in faire armour as he was, [Sidenote: The oration of the earle
+of Chester. _Ran. Higd._] spake these words in effect as followeth,
+directing the same to the earle of Glocester, and other the capteines,
+saieng: "I giue you hartie thanks, most inuincible chiefteine, and you
+my fellow soldiers, which declare your hartie good wils towards me, euen
+to the ieoparding of your liues at this my request and instance. Sith
+then I am the occasion of your perill, it is conuenient that I make the
+first entrance, and giue the onset of the battell vpon that most
+disloiall king, who granting a truce, hath broken the peace; and
+swearing to be a subiect, is now prooued a most wicked vsurper: I
+therefore trusting both vpon reuenge of the vniust dealings of this
+king, and also vpon mine owne force and courage, shall straitwaies
+breake in sunder the arraie of his armie, and make waie through the
+middest of the enimies with sword in hand. It shall be your parts then
+to follow me, who will lead you the waie: for euen now my mind giueth
+me, that I shall passe thorough the battels, tread the capteines vnder
+foot, and run the king through with this my sharpe sword."
+
+[Sidenote: The earle of Glocesters answer to the earle of Chesters
+oration.] When he had thus ended, the earle of Glocester answered in
+this wise: "It is not against reason that you should require the honor
+of the first onset, both for the nobilitie of your house, and also in
+respect of the prowesse wherein you excell: but yet if you stand vpon
+nobilitie, for my part, being the sonne and nephue of a king, ought not
+I to be preferred? If vpon valiance, here are manie verie worthie men,
+afore whom there is not one aliue that may chalenge any prerogatiue. But
+another reason moueth me most chieflie to be the formost. The king, who
+contrarie to his oth made to my sister, hath cruellie vsurped the
+kingdoms, and setting all in trouble, hath beene the cause of manie
+thousand mens deaths, and distributed lands and liuings to such as haue
+no right to the same, which he hath violentlie taken from the rightfull
+owners, who are quite disherited. This king (I saie) is first to be
+assailed with the assistance of the righteous iudge, who prepareth
+punishment for wicked dooers. For almightie God, who iudgeth his people
+with equitie, will looke downe from his heauenlie habitation, and will
+not leaue vs comfortlesse in this so great a necessitie. One thing there
+is, most valiant capteines, and all you right hardie souldiers, which I
+would haue you to consider, that through the fennes, which much adoo you
+haue passed, there is no waie to escape by flight. [Sidenote: The
+necessitie to fight valientlie.] Here must we either vanquish the
+enimies, or else die in the field: for no hope of safegard remaineth in
+fl�eing awaie. This onelie resteth (I saie) that you make waie for you
+to enter the citie with force of your weapons. If I be not deceiued in
+that which my mind giueth me to coniecture, the lacke of meanes to
+escape, otherwise than by shewing your selues valiant men, by Gods helpe
+will bring vs the victorie. For he must n�eds plaie the man, who hath
+not other succor to auoid the danger of destruction The citizens of
+Lincolne, who shall fight so n�ere their houses as you shall s�e, will
+not staie long to get them thither for their refuge. And herewith
+consider and weie (I beseech you) against whom you shall match in this
+battell. [Sidenote: Alaine duke of Brittanie.] There is Alane duke of
+Britaine, who commeth armed against you, yea rather against God, a
+wicked person, and spotted with all kind of filthinesse; who in malice
+hath no p�ere, as one that neuer wanted desire to doo misch�efe and who
+to be comparable in crueltie, would iudge it a great reproch. [Sidenote:
+The earle of Mellent.] There commeth also the earle of Mellent, a man
+full of all guile and deceit, in whose hart iniquitie is rooted, and
+nothing sounding in his mouth but vnthankfulnesse; besides this, he is
+slothfull in d�eds, presumptuous in words, not hastie to fight, but
+swift to run awaie. [Sidenote: Earle Hugh.] Then commeth earle Hugh, who
+hath not thought it sufficient to breake his oth to my sister the
+empresse, but he must commit periurie the second time, in aduouching
+(vpon a new oth) that king Henrie granted the kingdome to Stephan, and
+disabled his daughter. After him marcheth the earle of Albemarle, a man
+of singular constancie in euill, verie readie to attempt and loth to
+giue ouer a mischeefe: [Sidenote: The earle of Albermerles wife.] whose
+wife, through irkesomnes of his filthie behauiour is gone from him; & he
+that keepeth hir, cometh with him also against vs, an open adulterer, &
+one well esteemed of Bacchus, but nothing acquainted with Mars.
+[Sidenote: Simon earle of Hampton.] Then setteth foorth Simon earle of
+Hampton, whose d�eds consist in words, & whose gifts rest in promises.
+For when he hath said, he hath doone; & when he hath promised, ye get no
+more. Finallie there come togither a knot of P�eres & Noble men, [Like
+maister, like seruants.] like to their king and maister, accustomed to
+robberies, enriched with rapines, embrued with manslaughters, & defamed
+with periurie. You therefore (most valiant capteins & hardie souldiers)
+whom king Henrie hath aduanced, and this man hath brought vnder foot;
+whom he made wealthie, and this man hath impouerished; vpon trust of
+your worthy valiancie, yea rather vpon trust of Gods iustice seeke your
+reuenge thus offered by God vpon these wicked wretches, & with manlie
+stomachs vow to go forward, & forswere stepping back." When the earle
+had made an end, all the armie (lifting vp their hands to Gods) abiured
+all intention to fl�e, and so made themselues readie to set forward.
+
+King Stephan hauing no pleasant voice of himselfe, appointed earle
+Baldwin to giue an exhortation to his armie, wherevpon getting himselfe
+to an high place where he might be seene & heard of them, he thus began.
+[Sidenote: Earle Baldwin his oration on the behalfe of king Stephan.]
+"All such as shall giue battell, ought to fores�e thr�e things:
+[Sidenote: Thr�e things to be fores�ene by them that shall giue
+battell.] first, that their cause be righteous: secondlie, the number of
+their men to be equall at the least: and thirdlie, the goodnesse and
+sufficiencie of them. The righteousnes of their cause ought to be
+regarded, least men runne in danger of the soule; the number of men is
+to be respected, least they should be oppressed with multitude of
+enimies; and the goodnesse of the soldiers is to be considered, least
+trusting in the multitude, they should presume vpon the aid of feeble
+persons, & such as are of small valure. In all these points we see our
+selues sufficientlie furnished. The iustice of our cause is this: that
+obseruing the thing which we vowed to our king before God, we stand to
+the same against those that haue falsified their faith, euen to the
+perill of death. Our number is not much lesse in horssemen, and in
+footmen we exc�ed them. As for the goodnesse or sufficiencie of our men,
+who is able to expresse the noble prowesse of so manie earles, of so
+manie lords and soldiers, trained vp euer in warres: The passing
+valiancie of our king may stand in place of innumerable souldiers. Sith
+then he being the lords annointed, is here amongst you, vnto whom ye
+haue vowed allegiance, performe your vow. For the more earnestly and
+faithfully ye serue your prince in this battell, which you are readie to
+fight against periured persons, the more shall your reward be at the
+hands of God and him. Therfore be of good comfort, & haue in remembrance
+against whom you doo darraine the battell. [Sidenote: Erle Robert.] The
+force of erle Robert is well knowne, his maner is to threaten much, & to
+worke little, furious in words, eloquent of speach, but cold or rather
+dead harted in d�eds. [Sidenote: The earle of Chester.] The earle of
+Chester what is he? A man of vnreasonable boldnesse, bent to
+conspiracie, inconstant to performe that which he rashlie taketh in
+hand, readie to run into batell, vncircumspect in danger, practising
+things of great importance, s�eking after things vnpossible, bringing
+with him few good soldiers, but gathering a vagrant rout of rascals.
+There is nothing in him that we ought to be afraid of, for looke
+whatsoeuer he attempteth manfullie, the same he giueth ouer womanlie, in
+all his dooings vnfortunate, in all encounters either he is ouercome and
+fl�eth awaie, or if he get the vpper hand (which seldome times chanceth)
+he susteineth greater losse than they whom he dooth vanquish.
+
+"The Welshmen, whom he bringeth with him are little est�emed of vs, who
+pretend a naked rashnesse without any vse of armor, so that as men
+without any knowledge of martiall policie, they fall as brute beasts
+vpon the hunters iaueline. The other, as well the nobles as the common
+souldiers are but runnagates and vagabounds; of whom I would wish the
+number greater than it is: for the more they be, the woorse in effect
+their seruice shall prooue in time of need. You therefore (most worthie
+cheefetaines) you men of honor, it standeth you vpon to haue in regard
+your vertue and dignities. This day aduance your renowme, and follow the
+foresteps of your famous ancestors, leaue to your sonnes an euerlasting
+commendation. [Sidenote: Continuall good successe a prouocation of
+boldnesse.] The continuall successe of victorie ought to be a
+prouocation vnto you to doo manfullie: the continuance of euil speed may
+be to yonder side an occasion to run away. For euen alreadie (I dare
+say) they repent them of their comming hither, and could be contented to
+be gone, if the nature of the place would suffer them to depart. Then
+sith it is not possible for them either to fight or to fl�e, what other
+thing can they doo, but (as appointed by Gods ordinance) offer
+themselues and all they haue about them presentlie vnto vs. Y�e s�e then
+their horsses, their armour, and their bodies readie here at your
+pleasure, lift vp your hearts therefore, and reach your hands to take
+that with great chearefulnesse of mind, which the Lord hath thus offered
+and freelie presented vnto you."
+
+Now yer he had all made an end of his words, the batels were readie to
+ioine, they met with great noise of trumpets and other instruments, and
+the fight began with a verie sore and cruell slaughter. [Sidenote:
+_Matth. Paris._ _Hen. Hunt._] Hard it was in the beginning to gesse who
+should haue the better. The wing of the disherited men ouerthrew and
+bare downe their aduersaries, which were led by the duke of Britain, and
+the forenamed earles. On the contrarie part, the earle of Albemarle and
+William de Ypres put the Welshmen to flight, but by the earle of Chester
+and his retinue, the same earle and William de Ypres were fiercelie
+assailed afresh, and put out of order. [Sidenote: _W. Paru._ _Hen.
+Hunt._] Thus was the kings side put to the worse, namelie his horssemen,
+who being placed in the forefront, and there ouermatched, fell to
+galoping. Which thing when the king beheld, he was not yet any whit
+therewith abashed, but like an hardie captein (as he was no lesse
+ind�ed) comforted his footmen whom he had about him, and rushing vpon
+his enimies, [Sidenote: _Polydor._] bare them down, and ouerthrew so
+manie as stood before him, so that with the point of his weapon he made
+himselfe waie. His footmen, who were but a few in number to the
+multitude of his enimies, counteruailed in all points the prowes and
+manlike dooings of their king and capteine, insomuch that few battels
+had beene better fought, nor with greater slaughter on both sides, if
+the kings fore ward (which in maner at the first shranke backe and was
+disordered, not without some supicion of treason) had staied the brunt
+of the enimies a while, as it had b�ene requisite. At length the king
+encountring with the earle of Chester, being ouercharged with multitude,
+was taken prisoner by one William de Cahames.
+
+[Sidenote: _Simon Dun._ _Hen. Hunt._] Earle Baldwine, who had made the
+oration in the kings behalfe, was also taken, after he had fought
+valiantlie and receiued manie sore wounds: likewise Richard Fitzvrse,
+who on that daie had shewed good proofe of his manhood, [Sidenote:
+_Matth. Paris._] and had giuen and received manie a sore stripe. To
+conclude, all those that abode with the king, [Sidenote: _W. Paru._] and
+namelie all the footmen were taken prisoners, those which were slaine in
+the place excepted. This battell was fought in the sixt yeare of king
+Stephans reigne, vpon Candlemas daie, being sundaie, as Niger saith.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._ The king led to Bristow.] The king being
+apprehended and brought to the empresse lieng at Glocester, was
+commanded by hir to be conueied in safetie vnto Bristow, where he was
+kept as prisoner from that time of his taking, vntill the feast of All
+saints next ensuing. [Sidenote: _W. Paru._] Not long after this field
+fought, as ye haue heard, Geffrey earle of Aniou husband to the
+empresse, receiuing aduertisement of this victorie atchiued in England,
+foorthwith inuaded Normandie, inducing all the Nobles of the countrie to
+incline vnto him: for by publishing the captiuitie of king Stephan, it
+was easie for him to come by the possession of the same.
+
+[Sidenote: The king of Scots taketh Northumberland into his possession.
+_Polydor._ The empresse foloweth the victorie.] Moreouer, Dauid king of
+Scotland entred into Northumberland, and by commandement of the empresse
+tooke the countrie into his hands, whilest she (like a woman of great
+wisedome, as she was no lesse ind�ed) iudging that it stood hir vpon to
+vse the victorie which fell to hir lot, slept not hir businesse, but
+went forward, and setting from Glocester, she came to Winchester, where
+she was honorablie receiued of bishop Henrie, though he was king
+Stephans brother, and inwardlie lamented the misfortune of the king.
+Then came she backe againe to Wilton, and so to Oxenford, from thence to
+Reading, and then to S. Albons, into all which cities and townes she was
+receiued with great triumph and honour.
+
+[Sidenote: Sh�e cometh to London.] Hauing thus passed through all the
+south parts of the realme on that side, she finallie came to London,
+where the citizens welcomed hir in most ioifull and hartie maner. Now
+being come to London, and consulting with those of hir councell for the
+quieting of the whole state of the realme, [Sidenote: The qu�ene sueth
+to the empresse for the deliuerie of hir husband.] queene Maud wife to
+king Stephan (for so she was also called) made humble suit vnto hir to
+haue hir husband set at libertie, promising that he should resigne his
+whole claime and title into hir hands, and content himselfe with a
+priuate life. But hir suit was so farre off from being granted, that she
+was reiected and cast off with reprochfull words. Wherevpon she
+conceiued a most high displeasure, and vnderstood well inough; that
+peace was to be purchased by force of armes onelie, and not by any other
+meanes: insomuch that with all diligence she sent to hir sonne Eustace
+(then being in Kent) & willed him to prepare an armie, which he did most
+sp�edilie.
+
+It chanced at the same time that the citizens of London made great and
+laborious suit vnto the said empresse, that they might haue the lawes of
+king Edward the Confessour restored, and the straight lawes of hir
+father king Henrie abolished. But for so much as they could get no grant
+of their petition, and perceiued the empresse to be displeased with them
+about that importunat request, wherein onelie she ouershot hir selfe,
+[Sidenote: The Londoners conspire to take the empresse.] they deuised
+how and by what meanes they might take hir prisoner, knowing that all
+the Kentishmen would helpe to strengthen[3] them in their enterprise.
+But reckoning with hir selfe that
+    Nil poterit propera tutius esse fuga,
+[Sidenote: Sh�e fled in the night time out of the citie.] And being
+warned thereof, she fled by night out of the citie, and went to
+Oxenford, determining to be reuenged vpon hir aduersaries when time
+should serue hir turne. Herewith she began to wax more displeased both
+against those Nobles whom she kept in prison, & other also whom she
+troubled, but namelie king Stephan, whom she commanded to be loden with
+yrons, and serued with verie slender diet.
+
+[Sidenote: _N. Triuet._] Now when she had thus fled out of London, which
+was about the feast of the natiuitie of S. John Baptist, the tower of
+London was besieged, [Sidenote: Geffrey de Mandeuile.] which Geffrey de
+Mandeuile held, and valiantlie defended. The same Geffrey rushing out on
+a time, came to Fulham, [Sidenote: The bishop of Londo taken.] where he
+tooke the bishop of London then lodging in his manor place, being one of
+the contrarie faction.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] Henrie bishop of Winchester perceiuing the wrath
+of the empresse more and more to increase dailie against hir people,
+thinking it wisedome to serue the time, manned all the castels which he
+had builded within his dioces; [Sidenote: Castells fortified by the
+bishop of Winchester.] as at Waltham, Farnham, and other places and
+withdrew himselfe into the castell of Winchester, there to remaine, till
+he might s�e to what end the furie of the woman would grow. This being
+knowne, the empresse tooke vnto hir Dauid king of Scotland that was hir
+vncle, who immediatlie ioining their armies togither, went to Winchester
+and besieged the castell. In the meane time the qu�ene and hir sonne
+Eustace, with the helpe of their freends, as the Kentishmen, the
+Londoners and other had assembled a great armie, [Sidenote: William de
+Ypresse. _Ia. Meir._] and appointed the gouernement and generall conduct
+thereof vnto one William of Ypres a Fleming, who for his valiancie was
+by king Stephan created earle of Kent: he was sonne to Philip of
+Flanders, begotten of a concubine, his father also was sonne to Robert
+earle of Flanders, surnamed Frisius. This William was banished out of
+his countrie by Theodorike Elsas earle of Flanders, bicause he attempted
+to bereaue him of his earledome.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._ In nouella historia. _N. Triuet._ _Sim. Dun._
+_Polydor._ The empresse armie put to flight. _Wil. Malm._ Robert earle
+of Glocester taken prisoner. _Matth. Paris._] The qu�enes armie thus
+committed to his guiding, came n�ere vnto Winchester, and kept the
+empresse and hir people in maner besieged: at length perceiuing the
+aduantage after the comming of a great supplie of Londoners to their
+aid, they set vpon hir armie as the same was departing, with such
+violence, that straightwaies hir host was put to flight and discomfited.
+The empresse was glad to faine hir selfe dead, and so to be conueied in
+a coch as a dead corps vnto Glocester. Hir brother Robert with manie
+other of the Nobles that staied behind, till she and other might get out
+of danger, were taken prisoners. And bicause the king was kept at
+Bristow vnder the custodie of the said Robert, the queene caused him to
+be hardlie handled, that he might prooue the words of the gospell true:
+"With what measure y�e meat vnto other, with the same by other shall it
+be remeasured vnto you." He had deserued verie euill of the king
+heretofore, and therefore it was now remembred. He was taken (in maner
+abouesaid) on the feast day of the exaltation of the crosse.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._ _N. Triuet._ Dauid king of Scots retired home.
+_Simon Dun._ _R. Houe._ Alberike de U�er slaine. _Wil. Malm._
+_Polydor._] Dauid king of Scotland was not at the battell himselfe, but
+hearing of the discomfiture, got him out of the countrie, and by helpe
+of trustie guides returned into Scotland, whilest Alberike de U�er was
+slaine at London in a seditious tumult raised by the citizens. The
+kingdome being thus diuided into two seueral factions, was by all
+similitudes like to come to vtter ruine: for the people kindled in
+hatred one against another, sought nothing else but reuenge on both
+sides, and still the land was spoiled and wasted by the men of warre
+which lodged within the castels and fortresses, and would often issue
+out to harrie and spoile the countries. But now that the two cheefest
+heads were prisoners, there was good hope conceiued that God had so
+wrought it, whereby might grow some ouerture of talke, to quiet such
+troubles by fr�endlie peace and agreement.
+
+Herevpon those lords that wished well to the common-wealth, began to
+intreate betwixt them, and articles were propounded for a concord to be
+had, and an exchange of prisoners on both sides. But the empresse and
+hir brother would not hearken to any agr�ement, except that the realme
+might wholie remaine to the said empresse. [Sidenote: _Geruasius
+Dorober._ The king and the earle of Glocester deliuered by exchange.]
+Whereby the enimies were rather increased than decreased by his treatie,
+so that at length the king and the earle (weried with tedious
+yrksomnesse of yrons and hard imprisonment, and putting all their hope
+in the chance of war) about the feast of All saints made by deliuering
+of the one for the other, without making mention of any peace at all:
+and so kindled with new displeasures, they renewed the warre.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 7. 1142.] King Stephan being deliuered in such wise
+as you haue heard, comming to London, and there being accompanied with
+his brother Henrie bishop of Winchester (then the popes legat) Theobald
+archbishop of Canturburie, and others, [Sidenote: _Geruasius
+Dorobernensis._ A parlement called.] he called a parlement, wherein the
+king declared the present state, how the enimie was brought to this
+point, that if it would please the Nobles of the realme to mainteine him
+with men & monie, he trusted now so to worke, as they should not need to
+feare submission to the yoke of a womans gouernment: which at the first
+they seemed much to mislike, and now sithens (to their great gr�efe) had
+prooued to be intollerable. The summe of his talke tended to this end,
+that those which were able of themselues to aid him with their owne
+persons, should prepare them out of hand so to doo; and the residue that
+were not meet (as bishops, and such like maner of men) should be
+contributors to aid him with hired souldiers, armour, and monie.
+
+This was gladlie agr�ed vpon, with the generall consent of all the
+assemblie. And bicause the bishops shewed themselues verie liberall
+towards the aduancing of the kings purpose, [Sidenote: A statute
+established in fauour of pr�ests.] there was a statute made at the same
+parlement, that who so euer did laie any violent hands on a sacred
+person, or else tooke vpon him to apprehend any of them, for what fault
+soeuer, without the bishops licence, he should be accursed, and not be
+assoiled of any maner of person, except of the pope, as by a canon it
+was alreadie decr�ed but not obeied among the Englishmen till that daie.
+� The cause of making this statute was ch�eflie, for that preests during
+the time of the ciuill wars, were dailie either slaine, or taken
+prisoners, and so put to their ransoms, or charged with great penalties
+and gr�euous fines.
+
+The bishop of Winchester at this councell also began an other brall
+among the cleargie, for being brother to king Stephan, & armed with the
+popes authoritie as his legat in England, by reason of exercising his
+authoritie, fell at variance with the bishop of Canturburie, who tooke
+himselfe for his superior, bicause he was his primat. This quarell grew
+so far in question, that they went both to Rome to haue the controuersie
+decided, and so bringing their sutes thither, contented well the eares
+of them that had the hearing of the same: for the more weightie the
+cause seemed, the better it liked them.
+
+[Sidenote: Paul. Lang. in Chron. citizen. pag. 760.] � A late writer,
+noting in clergiemen of his age & countrie not onelie the aspiring vice
+of ambition, but other disorders also, and monstrous outrages, after a
+complaint made that gold (by which title he calleth those of the
+ecclesiasticall order) is turned into drosse, and sw�et wine become tart
+vineger, concludeth with the illation of the cause hereof comprised in
+this metricall accouplement, saieng:
+    Dum factor rerum priuaret flamine clerum,
+    Ad satan� volum successit turba nepotum.
+
+Which he inferred vpon occasion against the preposterous elections of
+vnmeet men into episcopall s�es, for that they were not so qualified as
+the dignitie of the place required; otherwise peraduenture enabled with
+competent knowledge and learning. And suerlie, we may note these
+inordinate affections from the beginning of this our chronicle in the
+best (I meane in respect of their estates) of this liuerie, and may
+iustlie impute it to the defection of Gods spirit in them, whose nature
+is to plant peace and m�ekenesse in the harts of his tenants, not
+discord, not ambition, not the works of darknesse, which bes�eme not the
+children of light. But to the purpose.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ Earle Robert passeth ouer into Normandie.] As
+the king began (after his libertie obteined) to prouide for warres, so
+earle Robert (after he was discharged) sailed ouer into Normandie,
+taking with him the sonnes of diuerse Noble men who fauored the
+empresse, whome he deliuered to hir husband the earle of Aniou to be
+kept as pledges, & earnestlie besought him to passe ouer into England
+with an armie to aid the empresse. [Sidenote: Normandie woone by the
+earle of Aniou.] Howbeit bicause he was newlie intred into the conquest
+of Normandie, and had alreadie won the most part thereof, he thought
+good to make first an end of his warres there, hauing somewhat to doo
+against certeine rebels of his owne countie of Aniou, which did not a
+little molest him. But he recouered (whilest the earle of Glocester was
+there with him) Alney, Mortaigne, Tenerchbray, and diuerse other places
+perteining chieflie to the earle of Mortaigne: about the same time also
+they of Constances submitted themselues vnto him. Thus the earle of
+Aniou being occupied in those parties, could not well come into England.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._ Earle of Glocester returneth.] Wherevpon the
+earle of Glocester came backe againe himselfe, and bringing with him
+somewhat lesse than foure hundred men of armes (imbarked in 52. ships)
+landed with the same at Warrham, and besieged the castell there,
+[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] which his enimies had won out of his hands
+whilest he was absent in Normandie. In the end they that were within it
+(vnder the gouernment of Herebert de Lucy) fell to agreement by
+composition, [Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._] that if they were not succoured by
+a certeine time, they should deliuer the castell vnto the earle. King
+Stephan himselfe the same time held a siege before Oxford, within the
+which he had inclosed the empresse, as hereafter shall be shewed: so
+that they within the castell of Warrham had no succour sent vnto them,
+and therefore (according to the articles of their composition) they
+yeelded vp the hold, after erle Robert had lien three w�ekes before it.
+
+[Sidenote: The ile of Portland. Circester.] This castell being thus
+woone, earle Robert subdued also such as kept the ile of Portland, and
+had fensed it after the maner of a fortresse: afterwards he came to
+Circester, and there assembled all those that fauoured the part of the
+empresse, meaning with all conuenient sp�ed to go to Oxford, & there to
+giue battell to king Stephan, if he would abide it. Who after his
+deliuerance from captiuitie, had assembled a great host of men,
+[Sidenote: The empresse besieged in Oxford.] and comming to Oxford,
+where the empresse then laie, suddenlie besieged hir, before she looked
+for him. And to the end also that he might compell the townsmen to
+yeeld, or else k�epe them from entring which would come to their
+succors, he ranged abroad into the countrie with part of his armie,
+wasting all afore him by fire & sword. This siege continued almost two
+moneths, in maner from his deliuerie in the beginning of Nouember,
+vntill Christmasse immediatlie following: in somuch that through lacke
+of vittels they within the towne began to raise mutinies. The empresse
+therefore doubting the sequele, and s�eing hir prouision to decaie,
+deuised a shift how to escape that present danger, which by force she
+was vnlikelie to performe.
+
+[Sidenote: _N. Triuet._ _Simon Dun._ _Wil. Paru._ _Ran. Higd._ _Matth.
+Paris._ The empresse escapeth out of Oxford. _Polydor._ _Wil. Malm._
+_Simon Dun._ _Matth. Paris._ Brian sonne to the earle of Glocester.] It
+was a verie hard winter that yeare, the Thames and other riuers
+thereabouts were frosen, so that both man and horsse might safelie passe
+oner vpon the yce, the fields were also couered with a thicke and d�epe
+snow. Herevpon taking occasion, she clad hir selfe and all hir companie
+in white apparell, that a far off they might not be discerned from the
+snow; and so by negligence of the watch that kept ward but slenderlie,
+by reason of the exc�eding cold weather, she and hir partakers secretlie
+in the night issued out of the towne, and passing ouer the Thames, came
+to Walingford, where she was receiued into the castell by those that had
+the same in k�eping to hir vse: of whom Brian the sonne to the erle of
+Glocester was the chiefe.
+
+� Here we may see the subtiltie of the empresse, whereby she obteined
+fr�e and safe passage out of hir enimies hands, who otherwise had taken
+hir in their net. [Sidenote: _Aeneas Syluius._] So that it will be true,
+that hath neuer b�ene false, which �neas Syluius (and before him many
+more driuing vpon the like argument) dooth saie in this distichon:
+    Non audet stygius Pluto tentare, quod audent
+      Effr�nis monachus plen�que fraudis illa,
+
+Meaning Mulier, a woman. And therefore looke what they want in
+magnanimitie, in strength, in courage, the same is supplied by deceit,
+by circumuention, by craft, by fraud, by collusion; sometimes applied to
+a good intent, but most commonlie directed to an euil meaning and
+purpose, as the euents themselues doo manie times declare. But let vs
+s�e what followed vpon this escape of the empresse.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._ _Simon Dun._ _N. Triuet._] After hir departure
+from Oxford, the townesmen yeelded vnto the king, who hauing taken order
+for the k�eping of them in obedience, marched toward Walingford, minding
+to besiege the castell there: but being encountred in the way by his
+enimies, he was driuen backe, and so constreined to turne another waie.
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 8. 1143] Earle Robert hearing that his sister was
+escaped and gotten to Wallingford, hasted thither with all sp�ed to
+visit hir: [Sidenote: The empress hir sonne lord Henrie.] & (as some
+write) brought with him hir sonne the lord Henrie that was come with him
+from beyond the seas, to s�e his mother: so that the empresse now
+beholding both hir sonne and brother, receiued them with all the ioy and
+honour that she could or might presentlie make them. Hir son remaining
+vnder the gouernement of earle Robert, was then appointed by him to
+abide within the citie of Bristow, & there continued for the space of 4.
+y�eres, being committed to one Matthew his schoolemaister, to be
+instructed in knowledge, and trained vp in ciuill behauiour.
+
+King Stephan (after the spoiling of sundrie churches, the robbing and
+burning of manie townes and villages by the hands of his hired
+souldiers, who for the more part were Flemings) came at length with his
+brother the bishop of Winchester stronglie armed vnto Wilton, [Sidenote:
+The king commeth to Wilton.] where he tooke in hand to fortifie the
+nunrie in steed of a castell, to resist the incursions and inrodes of
+them of Salisburie, who in the behalfe of the empresse had doone manie
+displeasures vnto his fr�ends: but earle Robert vnderstanding of his
+dooings, got a power togither with all speed, and the first daie of
+Julie about sunne setting came to Wilton, and suddenlie set the towne on
+fire.
+
+The king being lodged within the nunrie, and fearing no such matter,
+after he heard of the sudden assemblie of his enimies, was put in such
+feare, that he tooke himselfe dishonourablie to flight, leaning his men,
+his plate, and other riches altogither behind him. [Sidenote: _Wil.
+Par._ _Sim. Dun._ _M. Triuet._ _Matt. Paris._] The earles souldiers
+egerlie assailed the kings people, killed and spoiled them at their
+pleasure, rifled the kings treasurie without resistance, and satisfied
+themselues with greedines. In this broile was William Marcell or Martell
+taken prisoner by earle Roberts men, & led to the castell of
+Wallingford, where Brian the earle of Glocesters sonne hauing charge of
+that castell, kept him in close prison, and vsed him hardlie, who by
+reason of the opinion which men had conceiued of his valiancie, could
+not be deliuered, till he had paid 300. marks for his ransome, and
+deliuered the castell of Shirborne into the earles hands. [Sidenote:
+Miles earle of Hereford deceased.] Within a few daies after, Miles earle
+of Hereford departed this life, whose death was verie gr�euouslie taken
+of the empresse, for he was one of hir ch�efe fr�ends and councellers.
+His eldest sonne Roger succ�eded him, a gentleman though yoong in
+yeares, yet valiant and forward in feats of armes. [Sidenote: _Ger.
+Dor._ The earle of Essex taken.] William Mandeuile earle of Essex, an
+ancient capteine, & an expert warriour (who had serued the empresse, was
+taken also at S. Albons) but not without great slaughter of the kings
+souldiers: [Sidenote: The earle of Arundell.] in so much that among
+other, the erle of Arundell mounted on a couragious palfrie & a verie
+valiant man was ouerthrowen the middest of a water called Haliwell, by a
+knight named Walkeline de Orcaie, so that same earle was sore bruised in
+his bodie, and almost drowned. [Sidenote: _N. Triuet._ _Wil. Paru._] The
+king was present himselfe at the taking of the said Mandeuile, whom he
+spoiled of all his goods, and constreined by way of redemption of his
+libertie, to deliuer into the kings hands the Tower of London, the
+castell of Walden, and Pleshey. Here vpon the same earle being released
+was driuen through pouertie to seeke some recouerie of his losses by
+sundrie spoiles and roberies. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 9. 1144.] First of all
+therefore he spoiled the abbeie of S. Albons, and then the abbeie of
+Ramsey, which he fortified and defended as a fortresse, [Sidenote: _Hen.
+Hunt._] casting the moonks out of doores, and in euerie place where
+soeuer he came, he robbed the countrie before him, till at length in the
+midst of his reuenge and malicious dooings, he was shot thorough with
+an arrow amongst his men by a sillie footman, and so ended his life with
+confusion, receiuing worthie punishment for his vngodlie behauiour.
+[Sidenote: _Sim. Dunel._ _Iohn Pike._ _Matth. West._ _N. Triuet._] For
+he was a man of high stomach & loftie courage, but verie obstinate
+against God, of great industrie in worldlie businesse, but passing
+negligent towards his maker, as writers report of him.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Malm._ _Wil. Paru._] Likewise Robert Marmion, who had
+attempted the semblable robberie & spoile in the abbeie church of
+Couentrie, was slain before the same abbeie by a like mischance. For
+going foorth to encounter with the earle of Chester (his mortall enimie,
+and being approched as then towards the citie) he fell with his horsse
+into a ditch, which he caused to be couertlie made for the destruction
+of his enimies: and before he could be relieued, a souldier of the
+earles part stept to him, and stroke his head from his shoulders in
+sight of both armies. Ernulfus the sonne of earle Geffrey Mandeuile that
+kept the church of Ramsey as a fortresse, after his fathers death, was
+taken at length and banished.
+
+� Thus we see how Gods iudgement hunteth and pursueth the wicked, in
+somuch that they be ouertaken in their owne imaginations: according to
+that of the scripture, "The wicked and bloudthirstie man shall not liue
+halfe his daies." And true it is, that as men liue, so commonlie they
+die: for, as one saith verie well:
+[Sidenote: M. Pal. in suo scor.]
+                      ---- bona nulla scelestis
+    Et iustis mala nulla quidem contingere possunt.
+
+About the same time aduertisement was giuen, that the citie of Lincolne,
+which the earle of Chester had in keeping, was but slenderlie manned.
+Wherevpon the king conceiuing some hope to win the same, hasted forward:
+[Sidenote: Lincolne besieged.] and comming thither in the night, laid
+siege therevnto, and began to cast a trench to stop them within fro
+making any salies without.
+
+The earle at the first being somewhat amazed with the sudden approch of
+the enimie, yet beholding from the walles the maner of them without, he
+perceiued the rankes to be verie thin: and thereby gessing their number
+to be but small, suddenlie issued foorth at the gates to encounter with
+them. [Sidenote: The siege raised.] The king abode not the giuing of the
+charge, bicause he was but weake and therefore fled; neither could the
+earle follow the chace conuenientlie, for the like cause; [Sidenote: _N.
+Triuet._] but setting vpon those that were about to make the trench, he
+slue 80. of the workmen, and then retired into the castell.
+
+[Sidenote: A child crucified by the Jewes.] This yeare was an heinous
+act committed by the Jewes at Norwich, where they put a child to death,
+in crucifieng him vpon a crosse to the reproch of Christian religion.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _Simon Dun._] [Sidenote: An. Reg. 10. 1145.]
+[Sidenote: A castell built at Faringdon. _Hen. Hunt._ The king winneth
+it by force.] In the yeare following; namelie, in the 10. yeare of king
+Stephans reigne, Robert earle of Glocester and other capteins took in
+hand to build a castell at Faringdon. But King Stephan assembling an
+armie of Londoners and other, came thither, and besieged them within.
+Now whilest earle Robert and others of the empresses capteins remaining
+not far off, taried for a greater power to come to their aid, the king
+with sharpe assaults (but not without losse of his men) wan the
+fortresse: whereby his side began to wax the stronger, and to be more
+highlie aduanced. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 11. 1146.] After this he came with
+a mightie armie vnto Wallingford, and there builded a strong castell
+ouer against the other castell which his aduersaries held against him.
+
+[Sidenote: _Ran. Higd._ _Matth. Paris._ _N. Triuet._ _Simon Dun._]
+Thither also came the earle of Chester with a great traine of knights
+and gentlemen vnto the king, and so at length they were not vnfeignedlie
+accorded and made freends, but in apperance on the kings behalfe. For
+shortlie after, the earle was craftilie taken at a parlement holden at
+Northampton, by the practise of K. Stephan, and could not be deliuered
+till he had surrendred the citie and castell of Lincolne, with other
+fortresses perteining to the crowne into the kings hands. [Sidenote:
+_Ran. Higd._ The welshmen waste Cheshire. _Ger. Dor._] About that time
+did the Welshmen destroie the prouince of Chester, but at last they were
+distressed. This yeare also the loard Geffrey earle of Aniou sent thr�e
+Noble men into England, accompanied with certeine men of warre, vnto
+earle Robert, requesting him to send ouer his sonne Henrie into France,
+that he might s�e him, and if need required, he promised to send him
+backe againe with all conuenient speed. Earle Robert was contented to
+satisfie his request: and so with a good power of armed men brought the
+lord Henrie vnto Warham, where he tooke leaue of him, neuer after to s�e
+him in this world. [Sidenote: The earle of Glocester departeth this
+life.] For when the child was transported, earle Robert returned
+sp�edilie to the parties from whence he came, and there falling into an
+ague, departed this life about the beginning of Nouember, and was buried
+at Bristow. The lord Henrie comming to his father, was ioifully
+receiued, and remained in those parties for the space of two yeares and
+foure moneths.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 12. 1147.] In the meane season, the vniust
+proc�edings of K. Stephan against the earle of Chester, purchased him
+new hatred of his old aduersaries, and like supicion of such as were his
+freends, for it sounded not a little to his dishonor. Euerie man
+therefore was in doubt of his dealing, and iudged that it stood them
+vpon to take h�ed to themselues. [Sidenote: _Simon Dun._ K. Stephen
+entreth into Lincolne with his crowne on his head.] But he (as one that
+thought he had atchiued some high exploit) in triumphant wise shortlie
+after entred into Lincolne in his roiall robes, and his crowne on his
+head, whereas it had not b�ene heard that any king had doone the like
+manie yeares before.
+
+� It is reported by some writers, that he did this, to root out of mens
+minds a foolish superstitious conceit, which bel�eued that no king with
+his crowne vpon his head might enter that citie, but some mischance
+should light vpon him: wherevpon he seemed by this meanes to mocke their
+superstitious imagination.
+
+About the same time manie of the Nobles of the realme (perceiuing the
+kings authoritie to represse violent wrongs committed by euill dooers to
+be defectiue) builded sundrie strong castels and fortresses vpon their
+owne grounds, either to defend themselues, or to make force vpon their
+enimies n�ere adioining. After the departing of the king from Lincolne,
+the earle of Chester came thither with an armie, to assaie if he might
+recouer that citie. [Sidenote: _Simon Dun._] But his lieutenant that had
+the leading of his men, was slaine at the entring of the northgate, and
+so the erle was beaten backe with the losse of manie of his men: and the
+citizens hauing got the vpper hand, reioised not a little for the
+victorie.
+
+But here (to staie a litle with temporall affaires) it shall not be
+amisse to rehearse the effect of a contention, which fell about this
+time betw�ene that king and the archbishop of Canturburie. [Sidenote:
+_Ger. Dor._] For so it happened (as Geruasius Dorobernensis writeth)
+that pope Eugenius came this yere into France, about the middest of
+Lent, and afterward held a synod or councell at Rhemes: wherevnto
+Theobald archbishop of Canturburie, with others of the English bishops
+were summoned. The archbishop therevpon asking licence of the king, &
+not obteining it, found meanes to steale awaie in a small bote, not
+without danger of his person.
+
+Now therefore the case of this Theobald stood verie hard: for Henrie
+bishop of Winchester the kings brother through enuie had so wrought,
+that if the archbishop passed ouer without licence, he should be
+confined of the king. Againe, he was sure, if he came not to the
+councell, that he should be suspended by the pope. Herevpon the
+archbishop meaning rather to offend the king than the pope, got ouer, as
+it were swimming, rather than sailing; the vessell wherein he passed
+ouer being starke naught: for all the ports were kept by the kings
+seruants, so that he was glad to take such a bote as came next to hand.
+In consideration whereof he was highlie commended by the pope.
+
+In this councell the prebendaries of Yorke, togither with Henrie Mordach
+then abbat of Fountney, presented themselues, exhibiting their complaint
+against William archbishop of Yorke, for that (as they alledged) he was
+neither canonicallie chosen, nor lawfullie consecrated, but intruded by
+the kings authoritie. At length archbishop William was conuicted and
+deposed, Albert bishop of Hostia pronouncing sentence in this wise: "We
+doo decr�e by the apostolike authoritie, that William archbishop of
+Yorke is to be deposed from his s�e, bicause Stephan king of England,
+before any canonicall election, named him."
+
+Then, for that pope Eugenius had thus deposed archbishop William,
+although not with the consent of the more part of the cardinals, the
+chapiter of the church of Yorke, by his commandement comming togither,
+part of them chose Hilarie bishop of Chichester, and the other part
+elected Henrie Mordach abbat of Fountney. Now pope Eugenius, when both
+elections were shewed him at Auxerre, confirmed the election of Henrie
+Mordach, and disanulled the other, and then consecrated the foresaid
+Henrie with his owne hands. The late nominated archbishop William being
+thus deposed, returned into England, and remained at Winchester with
+king Henrie till the death of pope Eugenius, following the counsell of
+the same bishop in all things.
+
+Now when the councell at Rhemes was ended, archbishop Theobald returned
+into England, and comming to Canturburie, was receiued with great honor,
+of the couent and citizens there. But the king remaining then at London,
+when he heard of it, was sore displeased, and came with great sp�ede
+vnto Canturburie, where much conference being had betwixt him and the
+archbishop (although to small purpose) for the bringing of them to an
+agr�ement, at length the king compelled the archbishop to depart the
+realme. Wherevpon, after a few daies respit, he went to Douer, where he
+tooke ship and sailed into France. But within a while he was called
+backe by the qu�ene and William of Ypres, vnto S. Omers, that they might
+the sooner aduertise him of the kings mind and pleasure. Here he
+consecrated Gilbert the elect bishop of Hereford, the fift daie of
+September, Theodoric bishop of Amiens, and Nicholas bishop of Cambre
+assisting him.
+
+After this, when by sending of messengers to and fro, as well bishops,
+abbats, and other, both spirituall persons and temporall, there could no
+agr�ement be made, he directed his letter to certeine churches here in
+England, pronouncing by a certeine day, namelie the twelfe day of
+September, a sentence of interdiction to be obserued through the relme.
+The monks of Canturburie sore offended herewith, before the prefixed day
+of this sentence to be put in vse, sent two moonkes of their owne house,
+Nigell and Absolon, vnto the pope: whose errand when the pope had
+vnderstood, he commanded them to returne home, and to obeie their
+archbishops sentence in all things.
+
+In the meane time, the archbishops men and tenants were sore oppressed,
+and his rents and reuenues seized to the kings vse, yea euen before the
+daies of paiment. Which maner of proceeding sore gr�eued the archbishop:
+in so much that departing from S. Omers, he came to Graueling, and there
+taking the sea, crossed ouer to a towne called Goseford that belonged
+vnto Hugh Bigot erle of Northfolke: which earle receiued him with great
+honor, and sent him all necessarie prouision, so long as he remained in
+his countrie. At the terme appointed, he interdicted all the kings
+dominions, and would not reuoke the sentence, till Robert bishop, of
+London, Hilarie bishop of Chichester, and William bishop of Norwhich,
+with manie other Noblemen, came to him vnto Framelingham in Norfolke, a
+castell apperteining to the said earle, where at length an attonment was
+concluded betwixt him and the king: wherevpon he was brought home vnto
+Canturburie with great ioy and honor.
+
+He accused the moonks of Canturburie, for disobeieng the interdiction,
+trusting that the pope would not heare those two moonkes whom they had
+sent, as he did not ind�ed. He excommunicated also all those that had
+receiued the sacraments amongst them, during the time of the
+interdiction. Now these moonkes being at their wits end, dispatched with
+all speed other two moonkes to the pope, to obteine an absolution,
+before the archbishop should vnderstand it: [Sidenote: _Geruasius._] but
+they were sent backe againe with checks and commanded to obeie their
+archbishop in all things, as the other were, which had b�ene there with
+him before.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 13. 1148.] The moonks of Canturburie that were sent
+to Rome, returning, came from thence to Bullongne, where they found
+those that were first sent thither: and so they all foure came to
+Canturburie. The pope also had sent a priuie commandement to the
+archbishop that he should duelie punish as well them as the other.
+Wherevpon the archbishop taking counsell with his fr�ends, deposed
+Syluester the prior, and suspended William the secretarie of the house
+from entring the qu�ere. It was decreed also, that the residue should
+cease so long a time from saieng seruice, as they had said it before
+vnlawfullie, against the archbishops commandement. For it was thought
+reason, that whilest other sang and were merrie, they should keepe
+silence, which wilfullie tooke vpon them to sing, whilest other held
+their peace and were still. They began therefore to cease from saieng
+diuine seruice, and from ringing their bels in the second w�eke of Lent
+& so kept silence from the twelfe day of March, vntill the first daie of
+August.
+
+The qu�ene wife to king Stephan in this meane while lay much at S.
+Augustines in Canturburie, bicause of hastening forward the building of
+Feuersham abbeie, which she and hir husband had begonne from the verie
+foundation. And bicause the moonkes of S. Augustine might not celebrate
+diuine seruice, she called thither commonlie the moonks of Christes
+church to say seruice before hir. Thus much for that purpose: and now to
+other matters.
+
+[Sidenote: The L. Henrie returneth into England.] [Sidenote: An. Reg.
+14. 1149.] The lord Henrie Fitzempresse after all these businesses
+returned into England, in the moneth of May, with a great companie of
+men of warre both horssemen and footmen: by reason whereof many reuolted
+from king Stephan to take part with him: whereas before they sat still,
+and would not attempt any exploit against him. But now incouraged with
+the presence of the lord Henrie, they declared themselues freends to
+him, and enimies to the king. Immediatlie after his arriuall, he tooke
+with him the earles of Chester and Hereford, Ranulfe and Roger, and
+diuers other Noble men and knights of great fame, beside those whom he
+had brought with him out of Normandie, and went vnto Carleil, where he
+found his coosin Dauid king of Scotland, of whome he was most ioifullie
+receiued; [Sidenote: He is made knight. _R. Houed._] and vpon Whitsunday
+with great solemnitie, being not past sixt�ene yeares of age, was by the
+same king made knight, with diuerse other yoong gentlemen that were much
+about the same age.
+
+� Some write, that the king of Scots receiued an oth of him before he
+gaue him the honor of knighthood, that if he chanced to atteine vnto the
+possession of the realme of England, he should restore to the Scots the
+towne of Newcastle, with the countrie of Northumberland, from the riuer
+of Tw�ed, to the riuer of Tine. But whether it were so or not, I am not
+able to make warrantize.
+
+Now king Stephan hearing that the king of Scots, and his aduersarie the
+lord Henrie with the ch�efest lords of the west parts of England lay
+thus in Carleil, [Sidenote: K. Stephan with an armie commeth to Yorke.]
+he raised an armie, and came to the citie of Yorke, where he remained
+for the most part of the moneth of August, fearing least his enimies
+should attempt the winning of that citie. But after the one part had
+remained a time in Carleil, and the other in Yorke, they departed from
+both those places without any further exploit for that season, sauing
+that Eustachius king Stephans sonne (hauing also latelie receiued the
+order of knighthood) did much hurt in the countries which belonged to
+those Noble men that were with the lord Henrie.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._. Great raine.] The great raine that fell in
+the summer season this yeare did much hurt vnto corne standing on the
+ground, so that a great dearth followed. [Sidenote: A sore frost.] In
+the winter also after, about the tenth day of December, it began to
+fr�ese extreamelie, and so continued till the nineteenth of Februarie:
+whereby the riuer of Thames was so frosen, that men might passe ouer it
+both on foot and horssebacke.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 15. 1150.] In the meane while Henrie Duke of
+Normandie, after he had returned from the king of the Scots, sailed
+backe into Normandie, about the beginning of August, leauing England
+full of all those calamities, which ciuill warre is accustomed to bring
+with it, as burning of houses, killing, robbing, and spoiling of people,
+so that the land was in danger of vtter destruction, by reason of that
+pestilent discord.
+
+This yeare the 23. of Februarie, Galfridus Monumetensis, otherwise
+called Galfridus Arthurius, who turned the British historie into
+Latine, was consecrated bishop of S. Assaph, by Theobald archbishop of
+Canturburie, at Lambeth, William bishop of Norwhich and Walter bishop of
+Rochester assisting him.
+
+[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._ The earle of Aniou father to Henry Fitzempress
+departeth his life.] Morouer, this yeare (as some writers haue recorded)
+Geffrey earle of Aniou, of husband to the empresse Maud, departed this
+life, on the seuenth day of September, leauing his sonne Henrie onelie
+heire and successor in the estates of the duchie of Normandie and
+countie of Aniou. The bodie of the said earle was buried at Mans, with a
+great funerall pompe: his three sonnes Henrie, Geffrey, and William
+being present.
+
+[Sidenote: Worcester assaulted.] But king Stephan assaulting the faire
+citie of Worcester with a great power of men tooke it, and consumed it
+with fire, but the castell he could not win. This citie belonged to
+earle Waleran de Mellent, at that season: for king Stephan to his owne
+hinderance had giuen it vnto him. Now after the men of warre had diuided
+the spoile amongst them, they came backe, and passing through the lands
+of their enimies, got great booties, which they also tooke away with
+them, finding none to resist them in their iournie.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 16. 1151.] [Sidenote: _Ger. Dorober._ A synod at
+London. ] In the yeare following Theobald archbishop of Canturburie, and
+legat to the s�e apostolike, held a generall synod or councell at London
+in the Lent season, where king Stephan himselfe with his sonne
+Eustachius, and other the peers of the realme were present. This
+councell was full of appeales, contrarie to that had beene vsed in this
+land, till the time that Henrie bishop of Winchester vnto his owne harme
+(whilest he was likewise the Popes legat) had by vniust intrusion
+brought them in, and now at this councell he was himselfe thrise
+appealed to the hearing of the popes owne consistorie. After this king
+Stephan in the same yeare brake into the citie of Worcester, and whereas
+he could not the last time win the castell, he now endeauoured with all
+his force to take it. But when those within made valiant resistance, he
+raised two castels against it, and leauing in the same certeine of his
+Nobles to continue the siege, he himselfe returned home. � Thus (as yee
+see) the kings propertie was to attempt manie things valiantlie, but he
+proc�eded in them oftentimes verie slowlie: howbeit, now by the policie
+of the earle of Leicester, those two castels which the king had raised
+to besiege the other castell, were shortlie after destroied: and so the
+besieged were deliuered from danger. [Sidenote: The earle of Leicester
+brother to the erle of Mellent.] This earle of Leicester was brother to
+the earle of Mellent. Thus the kings purposed intention and painefull
+trauell on that behalfe came to none effect.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 17. 1152.] [Sidenote: The duke of Normandie
+Fitzempresse marieth the duchesse of Aquitaine.] In the meane while
+Henrie duke of Normandie maried Elianor duches of Guien or Aquitaine,
+latelie diuorsed from the French king, and so in right of hir he became
+duke of Aquitaine, and earle of Poictou; for she was the onelie daughter
+to William duke of Guien, and earle of Poictou, and by hir father
+created his sole and lawfull heire.
+
+[Sidenote: The French king maketh warre against the duke of Normandie.]
+The French king was nothing pleased with this mariage, in somuch that he
+made sore warre vpon duke Henrie, ioining himselfe in league with king
+Stephan, with his sonne Eustace, and with the lord Geffrey brother to
+duke Henrie, so that the said Henrie was constreined to defer his
+iournie into England, and applie his power to defend his countries and
+subiects on that side of the sea. For whereas he was readie at the mouth
+of the riuer of Barbe to passe ouer into England, not long after
+midsummer, the French king, with Eustace king Stephans sonne, Robert
+erle of Perch, Henrie erle of Champaigne, and Geffrey brother to duke
+Henrie, hauing assembled a mightie armie, came and besieged the castell
+of Newmarch, and sent foorth the lord Geffrey with a strong power to win
+the castell of Angers. Duke Henrie aduertised hereof departing from the
+place where he soiourned, hasted foorth to succour his people that were
+besieged, [Sidenote: The castell of Newmarch deliuered to the French
+king.] but the castell of Newmarch was deliuered to the French king
+through treason of those that had it in k�eping, before the duke could
+come to their rescue.
+
+Wherevpon the said duke hauing knowledge by the waie that he should come
+too late thither, he encamped first vpon the side of the riuer of
+Andell, [Sidenote: Ueulquesine or Ueuxin.] and wasted a great part of
+the countrie of Ueuxin or Ueulquesine, surnamed Le Normant, which lieth
+betwixt the riuer of Epte and Andell. This countrie belonged sometime to
+Normandie, but Geffrey earle of Aniou the dukes father had resigned it
+to the French king, to the end he should not aid king Stephan. The duke
+also burned the castels of Bascheruille, Chitrey, Stripiney, and the
+castell of Fort, that belonged to Hugh de Gourney, with diuerse other.
+About the end of August he left his townes in Normandie sufficientlie
+furnished with garisons of souldiers, and went into Aniou, where he
+besieged the castell de mount Sotelli, till he had taken it, and all
+those that were within it, amongst whome was the lord thereof named
+William. The French king on the other side entring into Normandie, burnt
+part of the borough of Rieule, [Sidenote: The towne castell of Uernon.
+_Simon Dun._] and either then or shortlie after that duke Henrie was
+gone ouer into England, he tooke the towne and castell of Uernon.
+
+Whilest these things were thus a dooing in France, K. Stephan would haue
+caused the archbishop of Canturburie & diuerse other bishops, whom for
+that purpose he had assembled, to crowne, annoint, and confirme his
+sonne Eustace king ouer the realme of England. [Sidenote: The Pope is
+against it.] But the archbishops and bishops refused so to doo, bicause
+the pope by his letters sent to the archbishop, had commanded to the
+contrarie; namelie, that he should in no wise crowne the kings sonne,
+bicause his father king Stephan had got the possession of the land
+against his oth receiued in behalfe of the empresse. [Sidenote: The
+bishops are threatened.] The father and sonne being not a litle offended
+herewith, committed most of his bishops to ward s�eking by threats and
+menacings to bring them to his purpose. The bishops also were in no
+small perplexitie: for according to the truth, the king neuer seemed
+greatlie to fauor churchmen, bicause of their strength (as in former
+times by his rigor vsed against the bishops of Salisburie and Lincolne
+it plainelie appeared) and yet would not these men y�eld to his
+pleasure: wherevpon although they were set at libertie, they were
+neuerthelesse depriued of their temporall possessions, which
+notwithstanding afterwards vpon the kings owne motion were restored vnto
+them.
+
+[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] Howbeit the archbishop of Canturburie persisting
+still in his oppinion, was forsaken of diuerse of the bishops, who
+throgh feare durst not stand against their princes pleasure. [Sidenote:
+The Archbishop of Canturburie flieth out of the realme.] But the
+archbishop, when he perceiued how the matter went, & that all the blame
+was like to light and rest on his shoulders, he got himselfe by a
+maruellous hap ouer the Thames, and with, sp�ed riding to Douer, passed
+the sea, to auoid both the fathers and sonnes reuengefull displeasure.
+Herevpon the king seized into his hands all the lands & possessions that
+belonged to the archbishop.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _Ger. Dor._] This yeare queene Maud wife to
+king Stephan departed this life at Hangey castell, that belonged to
+earle Alberike de U�er, about the third daie of Maie, and was buried in
+the abbeie of Feuersham, which she with hir husband king Stephan had
+latelie founded.
+
+This yeare through great and immoderate raine that fell in the summer,
+the growing of corne was so hindred, that a great death of people
+insued[4].
+
+[Sidenote: The battell of Monadmore _Matth. Paris._ The second & also
+the first bishops of Man.] This yeare also was the battell of Monadmore
+fought in Ireland, where the flower and chiefest personages of Mounster
+and Leynister were slaine. Moreouer one John a moonke of Sagium, was
+made the second bishop of the Isle of Man: the first bishop that was
+there instituted hight Wimond a moonke of Sauinie, who for his
+importunate misdemenour in some respects, had his eies put out, and was
+displaced.
+
+[Sidenote: _Hen. Marle._] John Papirio a cardinall, being sent from the
+pope as legat into Ireland, ordeined foure archbishops there, one at
+Dublin, an other at Ardmach, the third at Cassels, and the fourth at
+Connach. [Sidenote: The bishop of Dublin made archbishop.] The s�e of
+Dublin he changed into an archbishops s�e, one Gregorie at that time
+possessing the same: to whom he gaue the first and chiefe pall, and
+appointed the church of the blessed Trinitie to be church metropolitane.
+As this cardinall passed through England, he receiued an oth of fealtie
+vnto king Stephan.
+
+[Sidenote: The castell of Newburie won.] The same yeare also king
+Stephan by siege and force of assault did win the castell of Newberie
+not far from Winchester. This doone he went to Wallingford, and
+besieging the castell, he builded at the entring of the bridge a
+fortresse to stop them within from issuing out, and likewise from
+receiuing any reliefe or succour by their fr�ends abroad. The defendants
+perceiuing themselues so hardlie laid at, sent to the duke of Normandie
+(in whose name they kept that castell) desiring him either to succour
+them, or else giue them licence to y�eld vp the castell to the king.
+Herevpon duke Henrie hauing dispatched his businesse on the further side
+of the sea, began to be kindled with a feruent desire once againe to
+attempt his fortune here in England for recouerie of that kingdome, and
+so with three thousand footmen, & 7 score horssemen, [Sidenote: Duke
+Henrie Fitzempresse returneth into England. _Ger. Dor._] with all sp�ede
+possible sailed ouer into England, where he landed about the 12. daie in
+Christmasse. He was no sooner arriued, but a great number of such as
+tooke part with his mother came flocking in vnto him: [Sidenote: He
+besiegeth the castell of Malmesburie. _Matth. Paris._ _Polydor._]
+wherevpon being now furnished with a great and puissant armie, he
+marched foorth to Malmesburie, where in the castell was a great garison
+of soldiers placed by king Stephan. Duke Henrie planted his siege about
+this castell the thirt�enth daie of Januarie, and enforced himselfe to
+the vttermost of his power to win it.
+
+Now king Stephan hearing of his enimies arriuall, with all hast possible
+got his armie on foot, and comming suddenlie towards the place where is
+enimies were pitched, [Sidenote: K. Stephan constreineth him to raise
+his siege.] he caused duke Henrie to raise his siege, and following
+after, offered him battell. But duke Henrie, knowing that his enimies
+were far more in number than he was at that present, and also conceiuing
+with himselfe that by prolonging of time his owne power would increase,
+absteined from fighting, and kept him within the closure of his campe.
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paru._] � Thus haue some written, but other authors
+write, that Henrie kept himselfe indeed within his campe, and refused to
+giue battell, but yet remoued not his siege, till the king departed from
+thence, after he saw he could not haue his purpose, and then did duke
+Henrie win the castell of Malmesburie, or rather the maister tower or
+ch�efe dungeon of that castell. [Sidenote: _Simon Dun._ _Ger. Dor._] For
+as (Simon of Durham writeth) he had won by assault the other parts and
+lims of the castell before king Stephan came to remoue him.
+
+This tower that thus held out, was in the keeping of one capteine
+Jordan, who escaping foorth came to the king, informing him in what
+state he had left his men within the tower: wherevpon the king (making
+all the power that he was able) set forward, and comming to Circiter,
+lodged there one night, and in the morning purposing to raise the siege,
+or to fight with his enimies (if they would abide battell) marched
+foorth towards Malmesburie. [Sidenote: A sore storm.] But vpon his
+approch to the dukes campe, the daie following his comming thither,
+there rose such a hideous tempest of wind and raine, beating full in the
+faces of king Stephans people, that God seemed to fight for the duke,
+who in respect of the number of people was thought too weake to deale
+with the strong and puissant armie of the king: howbeit the storme being
+on his backe, and beating extremelie in king Stephans mens faces, they
+were not able to hold their weapons in their hands, in somuch that he
+perceiued he could not passe the riuer that ran betwixt the armies:
+wherevpon constreined in that sort through the violent rage of that cold
+and wet weather, he returned to London full euill appaied, in that he
+could not satisfie his expectation at that present.
+
+The tower that duke Henrie had hardlie besieged immediatlie herewith was
+surrendred vnto him, & then making prouision for vittels and other
+things, [Sidenote: The castell of Wallingford.] to the reliefe of them
+that kept the castell of Wallingford, he hasted thither, and finding no
+resistance by the way, easily accomplished his enterprise. There were
+diuerse castels thereabouts in the countrie furnished with garisons of
+the kings souldiers, but they kept themselues close, and durst not come
+abroad to stop his passage. [Sidenote: The castell of Cranemers. ]
+Shortlie after he besieged the castell of Cranemers, and cast a trench
+about it, so as his people within Wallingford castell might haue free
+libertie to come foorth at their pleasure: but as for those within the
+castell of Cranemers, they were so hardlie holden in, that there was no
+waie for them to start out.
+
+The king aduertised hereof, got all his host togither, and marched
+forward verie terriblie toward duke Henries campe. But shewing no token
+of feare, he caused the trench wherewith he had inclosed his campe
+foorthwith to be cast downe, and leauing the siege, came into the fields
+with his armie set in order of battell, meaning to trie the matter by
+dint of sword, although he had not the like number of men as the king
+had: whose armie perceiuing their enimies to come in the face of them,
+were stricken with a sudden feare: neuerthelesse, he himselfe being of a
+good courage, commanded his people to march forward. But herewith
+certeine Noble men, that loued not the aduancement of either part, vnder
+a colour of good meaning sought to treat an agr�ement betwixt them, so
+that an intermission or cesing from war was granted, and by composition
+the castell which the king had built, and the duke besieged, was razed
+to the ground. The king and the duke also came to an interuiew and
+communication togither, a riuer running betwixt them. [Sidenote: _Matth.
+Paris._ _Ger. Dor._ Eustace king Stephans sonne.] Some write that they
+fell to agreement, king Stephan vndertaking to raze the castell of
+Cranemers himselfe, and so laieng armour aside for that time, they
+parted asunder.
+
+But Eustace K. Stephans son was sore offended herewith, and reprouing
+his father for concluding such an agr�ement, in a great rage departed
+from the court, & taking his waie toward Cambridgeshire (which countrie
+he meant to ouerrun) he came to the abbeie of Burie, and vpon S.
+Laurence daie caused all the corne in the countrie about and namelie
+that which belonged to the said abbeie, to be spoiled and brought into a
+castell which he had in keeping not far from thence. [Sidenote: Eustace
+king Stephans son and Simon earl of Northapton depart this life both in
+one w�eke.] But as he sat downe to meat the same daie vpon receiuing the
+first morsell he fell mad (as writers haue reported) and miserablie
+ended his life. The same weeke Simon earle of Northampton departed this
+world of a like disease, and so two of the cheefest aduersaries which
+duke Henrie had, were rid out of the waie. Eustace was buried at
+Feuersham in Kent, and earle Simon at Northampton.
+
+[Sidenote: The earle of Chester deceasseth.] About the same time also
+that noble and valiant earle of Chester called Ranulfe departed this
+life, a man of such stoutnesse of stomach, that death could scarselie
+make him to yeeld, or shew any token of feare: he was poisoned (as was
+thought) by William Peuerell. After him succeeded his sonne Hugh, a man
+likewise of passing strength and vertue. Now although earle Ranulfe
+fauoured the part of duke Henrie, yet in these later yeares he did but
+little for him: wherefore it was thought that the death of this earle
+was not so great a losse to the duke, as the deaths of Eustace, earle
+Simon, and other the kings fr�ends deceasing about the same time seemed
+to further him: so that his part became dailie stronger, and the kings
+weaker.
+
+About the same time the castels of Reading and B�ertwell were deliuered
+to duke Henrie, [Sidenote: _Matth. Par._ _Rob. Mont._] and the ladie
+Gundreda countesse of Warwike draue out the souldiers that held it for
+king Stephan, and deliuered the towne to duke Henrie. In this yeare
+duches Elenor, wife to Henrie Fitzempresse, was brought to bed of hir
+first borne son, whom they named William, after the maner of the ancient
+dukes of Aquitaine.
+
+Thus came things to passe in sundrie places with so good successe as
+duke Henrie could wish, wherevpon meaning to follow the steps of
+prosperous fortune, he marched foorth to Stamford, [Sidenote: Stamford
+was taken. _Simon Dun._ _Ger. Dor._ Gipswich or Ipswich besieged.] and
+taking the towne at his first comming laid siege to the castell. Now
+they that had it in keeping sent messengers to king Stephan, requiring
+rescue, but the same time he had laid siege to the castell of Gipswich,
+which Hugh Bigot kept against him: and bicause he wold not depart from
+that siege till he had the castell giuen vp into his hands (which came
+at last to passe) in the meane time the castell of Stamford was y�elded
+vp to duke Henrie, [Sidenote: _N. Triuet._] who immediatelie therevpon
+departed from Stamford eastward, meaning to come to the succour of his
+fr�ends besieged at Gipswich or Ipswich (as it is commonlie called) not
+vnderstanding as yet that they had surrendred the hold: but hauing
+knowledge by the way what was happened, [Sidenote: Notingh�m.] he
+returned and marched streight to Notingham, and got the towne easilie;
+for they within the castell had set it on fire, therefore he besieged
+the castell standing vpon the point of a st�epe craggie rocke, and was
+furnished with a strong garison of men, and all things necessarie for
+defense, so that it could not easilie be woone.
+
+[Sidenote: Duke Henrie raiseth his siege from Notingham. _Polydor._]
+When duke Henrie had assaied all the waies how to take it, and saw that
+he could not preuaile, he minded to loose no more time: but raising his
+siege from thence, he ranged abroad to get other places into his
+possession, and finallie came to his mother, and laie at Wallingford. K.
+Stephan in the meane time being strong in the field, sought time and
+place to haue Henrie at some aduantage, who in his yoong yeares (as yet
+not hauing tasted any misfortune) he thought would rashlie attempt some
+vnaduised enterprise. [Sidenote: The miserie of this land in time of the
+ciuill warre.] � But whereas the realme of England had b�ene now manie
+yeares miserablie turmoiled with ciuill warre (which the verie heathen
+haue so detested, that they haue exclaimed against it with a kind of
+irksomnesse; as:
+    [Sidenote: _Hor. lib. car. 1. ode. 35._]
+    Eheu cicatricum & sceleris pudet,
+    Fratr�mque: quid nos dura refugimus
+        Aetas? quid intactum nefasti
+        Linquimus? vnde manus iuuentus
+    [Sidenote: _Idem. lib. car. 2. ode. 1._]
+    Metu deorum continuit? quibus
+    Pepercit aris? iam litui strepunt,
+        Iam fulgor armorum fugaces
+        Terret equos equit�mque vultus)
+Wherein (besides millians of extremities) honest matrones and mens wiues
+were violated, maids and virgins rauished, churches spoiled, townes and
+villages robbed, whole flocks and heards of sh�epe and beasts destroied
+(wherein the substance of the realme cheeflie consisted) and men without
+number slaine and murthered, it pleased the goodnesse of almightie God
+at length to deliuer the land of these miseries, which were notified to
+all countries round about that sore lamented the same.
+
+Now whereas king Stephan was the cause of all the troubles, in hauing
+vsurped an other mans rightfull inheritance, it pleased God to mooue his
+hart at length to desire peace which he had euer before abhorred. The
+cause that mooued him ch�efelie to change his former purpose, was for
+that his sonne Eustace by speedie death was taken out of this world (as
+before ye haue heard) which losse s�emed great not onelie to the father,
+but also to all those lords and others which had alwaies taken his part,
+bicause he was a yoong man so well liked of all men, that he was iudged
+to be borne to much honour. [Sidenote: The ladie Constance wife to
+Eustace sent home.] But his wife Constance tooke his death verie
+sorowfullie, and the more indeed for that she had no issue by him,
+wherevpon shortlie after she was sent honourablie home to hir father
+king Lewes with hir dower, and other rich and princelie gifts.
+
+King Stephan s�eing himselfe thus depriued of his onelie sonne, vnto
+whome he minded to leaue the kingdome which he so earnestlie sought to
+confirme and assure vnto him by warlike endeuor, and that againe the
+French kings aid would not be so readie as heretofore it had b�ene
+(wherevpon he much staied, now that the bonds of affinitie were
+abolished) he began at length (though not immediatlie vpon his sonnes
+deceasse) to withdraw his mind from war, [Sidenote: K. Stephan began to
+incline his mind to peace. _Matth. Paris._] and bequeathed it wholie to
+peace. Which alteration being perceiued, those Nobles that were glad to
+s�e the state of their countrie quieted, did their best to further it; &
+ch�eflie Theobald archbishop of Canturburie trauelled earnestlie to
+bring the princes to some agr�ement, now talking with the king, now
+sending to the duke, [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] and vsing all meanes
+possible to set them at vnitie. The bishop of Winchester also, who had
+caused all the trouble, vpon consideration of the great calamities
+wherewith the land was most miserablie afflicted, began to wish an end
+thereof. Wherevpon the lords spirituall and temporall were called
+togither at Winchester about the latter end of Nouember, that they with
+their consents also might confirme whatsoeuer the king and the duke
+should conclude vpon.
+
+[Sidenote: An assemblie of lords at Winchester. A peace concluded
+betwixt the king and the duke.] Thus was a publike assemblie made in the
+citie of Winchester, whither also duke Henrie came who being ioifullie
+receiued of the king in the bishops palace, they were made fr�ends, the
+king admitting the duke for his sonne, and the duke the king for his
+father, insomuch that the agreement, which (through the carefull sute of
+the archbishop of Canturburie) had beene laboured with such diligence to
+good effect, was now confirmed: the cheefe articles whereof were these.
+
+     [Sidenote: Some writers haue recorded that duke Henrie should
+     presentlie by this agr�ement enioy halfe the realme of England.]
+     1 That king Stephan, during his naturall life, should remaine king
+     of England, and Henrie the empresses sonne should enioy the
+     dukedome of Normandie, and be proclaimed heire apparant to succ�ed
+     in and haue the regiment of England, after the deceasse of Stephan.
+
+     2 That such noble men, and other, which had held either with the
+     one partie or the other, during the time of the ciuill warres,
+     should be in no danger for the same but enioy their lands,
+     possessions and liuings, according to their ancient rights and
+     titles.
+
+     3 That the king should resume and take into his hands againe, all
+     such portions and parcels of inheritance belonging to the crowne,
+     as he had giuen away, or were otherwise vsurped by any maner of
+     person, and that all those possessions which by any intrusion had
+     b�ene violentlie taken from the right owners, since the daies of
+     king Henrie, should be restored to them that were rightlie
+     possessed in the same by the daies of the said king.
+
+     [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ Castels to be razed in number. 1115.]
+     4 That all those castels, which contrarie to all reason and good
+     order had b�ene made and builded by any maner of person in the
+     daies of king Stephan, should be ouerthrowne and cast downe, which
+     were found to be eleuen hundred and fifteene.
+
+     5 That the king should reforme all such disorders as warre had
+     brought in; to restore farmers to their holdings, to repaire
+     decaied buildings, to restore pastures and leassues with cattell,
+     hils with sheepe, &c.
+
+     6 That by his meanes the cleargie might enioy their due
+     quietnesse, and not be oppressed with any vniust exactions.
+
+     7 That he should place shirifes where they had b�ene accustomed
+     to beare rule, with instructions giuen them to deale vprightlie
+     in causes, so as offenders might not escape through bribes, or
+     any other respect of freendship; but that euerie man might
+     receiue according to right and equitie.
+
+     8 That soldiours should conuert their swords (as Esaie saith)
+     into culters & plough shares, their speares into mattocks, and so
+     returne from the campe to the plough: and that such as were woont
+     to keepe watch in the night season, might now sl�epe and take
+     their rest without any danger.
+
+     9 That the husbandman might be set fr�e from all trouble and
+     vexation, by meanes wherof he might follow his tilth, and plie
+     his culture.
+
+     10 That merchant men and occupiers might enioy their trades and
+     occupations to their aduancement.
+
+     11 That one kind and manner of siluer coine should run through
+     the land, &c.
+
+     12 There was also consideration had of a sonne which king Stephan
+     had, named William, who though he were verie yoong, was yet
+     appointed to sweare fealtie vnto duke Henrie as lawfull heire to
+     the crowne. The same William had the citie of Norwhich, and
+     diuerse other lands assigned him for the maintenance of his
+     estate, and that by the consent and agr�ement of duke Henrie his
+     adopted brother.
+
+These things being thus concluded at Winchester, and the warre that had
+continued, for the space of 17 yeares now ended and fullie pacified: the
+king tooke the duke with him to London, dooing to him all the honour he
+could deuise. The newes whereof being spred abrode, euerie good man
+reioised thereat. Thus through the great mercie of God, peace was
+restored vnto the decaied state of this relme of England. Which things
+being thus accomplished with great ioy and tokens of loue, king Stephan
+and his new adopted sonne duke Henrie tooke leaue either of other,
+appointing shortlie after to m�et againe at Oxenford, there to perfect
+euerie article of their agr�ement, which was thus accorded a little
+before Christmas.
+
+� But by the way, for the better vnderstanding of the said agreement, I
+haue thought good to set downe the verie tenor of the charter made by
+king Stephan, as I haue copied it out, and translated it into English
+out of an autentike booke conteining the old lawes of the Saxon and
+Danish kings, in the end whereof the same charter is exemplified, which
+booke is remaining with the right worshipfull William Fl�etwood esquire,
+now recorder of London, and sargeant at law.
+
+     The charter of king Stephan, of the pacification of the troubles
+     betwixt him and Henrie duke of Normandie.
+
+     Stephan king of England, to all archbishops, bishops, abbats,
+     earles, iusticers, sherifes, barons and all his faithfull
+     subiects of England sendeth greeting. Know yee that I king
+     Stephan, haue ordeined Henrie duke of Normandie after me by right
+     of inheritance to be my successour, and heire of the kingdome of
+     England, and so haue I giuen and granted to him and his heires
+     the kingdome of England. For the which honour, gift, and
+     confirmation to him by me made, he hath doone homage to me, and
+     with a corporall oth hath assured me, that he shall be faithfull
+     and loiall to me, and shall to his power preserue my life and
+     honour: and I on the other side shall maineteine and preserue him
+     as my sonne and heire in all things to my power, and so far as by
+     any waies or meanes I may.
+
+     [Sidenote: William sonne to king Stephan.] And William my sonne
+     hath doone his lawfull homage, and assured his fealtie vnto the
+     said duke of Normandie, and the duke hath granted to him to hold of
+     him all those tenements and holdings which I held before I atteined
+     to the possession of the realme of England, wheresoeuer the same be
+     in England, Normandie, or elsewhere, [Sidenote: Earle Warren.] and
+     whatsoeuer he receiued with the daughter of earle Warren, either in
+     England or Normandie, & likewise whatsoeuer apperteineth to those
+     honoures. And the duke shall put my sonne William and his men that
+     are of that honour in full possession and seizine of all the lands,
+     boroughs and rents, which the duke thereof now hath in his demaine,
+     and namelie of those that belong to the honour of the earle Warren,
+     [Sidenote: The castels of Bellencumber and Mortimer.] and namelie
+     of the castels of Bellencumber and Mortimer, so that Reginald de
+     Warren shall haue the k�eping of the same castels of Bellencumber,
+     and of Mortimer, if he will; and therevpon shall giue pledges to
+     the duke: and if he will not haue the keeping of those castels,
+     then other liege of men of the said erle Warren, whom it shall
+     please the duke to appoint, shall be sure pledges and good suertie
+     keepe the said castels.
+
+     Moreouer, the duke shall deliuer vnto him according to my will and
+     pleasure the other castels, [Sidenote: The erledome of Mortaigne.]
+     which belong vnto the earledome of Mortaigne by safe custodie and
+     pledges, so soone as he conuenientlie may, so as all the pledges
+     are to be restored vnto my sonne free, so soone as the duke shall
+     haue the realme of England in possession. The augmentation also
+     which I haue giuen vnto my sonne William, he hath likewise granted
+     the same to him; [Sidenote: Norwich. ] to wit, the castell and
+     towne of Norwich, with seauen hundred pounds in lands, so as the
+     rents of Norwich be accounted as parcell of the same seauen hundred
+     pounds in lands, and all the countie of Norfolke; the profits and
+     rents which belong to churches, bishops, abbats & earles excepted;
+     [Sidenote: Hugh Bigot] and the third pennie whereof Hugh Bigot is
+     earle, also excepted: sauing also and reseruing the kings roiall
+     iurisdiction for administration of iustice. Also the more to
+     strengthen my fauour and loue to himwards, [Sidenote: Richer de
+     Egle.] the duke hath giuen and granted vnto my said sonne
+     whatsoeuer Richer de Aquila hath of the honour of Peuensey. And
+     moreouer the castell and towne of Peuensey, and the seruice of
+     Faremouth, beside the castell and towne of Douer, and whatsoeuer
+     apperteineth to the honour of Douer.
+
+     [Sidenote: The church of Feuersham.] The duke hath also confirmed
+     the church of Feuersham with the appurtenances; and all other
+     things giuen or restored by me vnto other churches, he shall
+     confirme by the counsell and aduice of holie church and of me. The
+     earles and barons that belong to the duke, which were neuer my
+     leeges, for the honour which I haue done to their master, they haue
+     now doone homage and sworne fealtie to me, the couenants betwixt me
+     & the said duke alwaies saued. The other which had before doone
+     homage to me, haue sworne fealtie to me as to their souereigne
+     lord. And if the duke should breake and go from the premisses, then
+     are they altogither to ceasse from dooing him any seruice, till he
+     reforme his misdooings. And my sonne also is to constreine him
+     thereto, according to the aduice of holie church, if the duke shall
+     chance to go from the couenants afore mentioned. My earles and
+     barons also haue doone their leege and homage vnto the duke, sauing
+     their faith to me so long as I liue, and shall hold the kingdome
+     with like condition, that if I doo breake and go from the premitted
+     couenants, that then they may ceasse from dooing me any seruice,
+     till the time I haue reformed that which I haue doone amisse.
+
+     The citizens also of cities, and those persons that dwell in
+     castels, which I haue in my demaine, by my commandement haue doone
+     homage, and made assurance to the duke, sauing the fealtie which
+     they owe to me during my life time, and so long as I shall hold the
+     kingdome. [Sidenote: Wallingford castell.] They which keep the
+     castle of Wallingford haue doone their homage to me, and haue giuen
+     to me pledges for the observing of their fealtie. And I haue made
+     vnto the duke such assurance of the castels and strengths which I
+     hold by the counsell and aduice of holie church, that when I shall
+     depart this life, the duke thereby may not run into any losse or
+     impeachment, whereby to be debarred from the kingdome. [Sidenote:
+     The tower of London. Mota de Windsor.] The tower of London, and the
+     fortresse of Windsor, by the counsell and aduice of holie church
+     are deliuered vnto the lord Richard de Lucie, [Sidenote: Richard de
+     Lucie.] safelie to be kept, which Richard hath taken an oth, and
+     hath deliuered his sonne in pledge to remaine in the hands and
+     custodie of the archbishop of Canturburie, that after my decease he
+     shall deliuer the same castels vnto the duke. Likewise by the
+     counsell and aduise of holie church, [Sidenote: Mota de Oxford.]
+     Roger de Bussey keepeth the castell of Oxford, and Jordaine de
+     Bussey the castell of Lincolne, which Roger & Jordaine haue sworne,
+     and thereof haue deliuered pledges into the hands of the
+     archbishop, that if I shall chance to leaue this life, they shal
+     render the same castels to the duke without impeachment. [Sidenote:
+     The bishop of Winchester.] The bishop of Winchester hath also giuen
+     his faith in the hands of the archbishop of Canturburie, that if I
+     chance to depart this life, he shall render vp vnto the duke the
+     castels of Winchester, and the fortresse of Hampton.
+
+     And if any of them, vnto whom the custodie of these fortresses
+     shall be committed, fortune to die, or otherwise to depart from
+     his charge, an other shall be appointed to the keeping of the
+     same fortresse, before he shall depart foorth thereof, by the
+     counsell and aduice of holie church. And if any of those persons
+     that haue any castels or fortresses belonging to me in their
+     custodie shall be found disobedient and rebell, I and the duke
+     shall constreine him to satisfie our will & pleasure, not leauing
+     him in rest till he be so constreined. The archbishops and
+     bishops of the realme of England, and the abbats also, haue by my
+     commandement sworne fealtie vnto the duke; and the bishops and
+     abbats that hereafter shall be made and aduanced here within the
+     realme of England shall likewise sweare fealtie to him. The
+     archbishops also and bishops on either part, haue vndertaken,
+     that if either of vs shall go from the foresaid couenants, they
+     shall so long chastise the partie offending with the
+     ecclesiastical censures, till he reforme his fault, and returne
+     to fulfill and obserue the said couenants. The mother also of the
+     duke, and his wife, and his brethren, & subjects whom he may
+     procure, shall likewise assure the premisses.
+
+     In matters belonging to the state of the realme, I shall worke by
+     the dukes aduice. And through all the realme of England, as well
+     in that part which belongeth to the duke, as in that which
+     belongeth to me, I shall see that roiall iustice be executed.
+     These beeing witnesses, Theobald archbishop of Canturburie, Hen.
+     of Winchester, Robert of Excester, Rob. of Bath, Goceline of
+     Salisburie, Robert of Lincolne, Hilarie of Cicester, William of
+     Norwich, Richard of London, Migell of Elie, Gilbert of Hereford,
+     John of Worcester, Walter of Chester, Walter of Rochester,
+     Geffrey of S. Asaph, Bishops: Robert prior of Bermondsey, Othon
+     knight of the temple, William earle of Cicester, Robert earle of
+     Leicester, William earle of Glocester, Renold of Cornewall,
+     Baldwin de Toning, Roger de Hereford, Hugh Bigot, Patrike de
+     Salisburie, William de Albemarle, Earle Alberike, Roger Clare,
+     Richard erle of Pembroke, Richard de Lucie, William Martell,
+     Richard de Humer, Reginald de Warren, Mahaser Biset, John de
+     Port, Richard de Cameuille, Henrie de Essex. Geuen at
+     Westminster.
+
+[Sidenote: 1154. An. Reg. 19.] [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] Thus far the
+Charter: and now to proceed with the historie. Immediatlie after
+Christmasse, euen in the Octaues of the Epiphanie, the king and duke
+Henrie met againe Oxenford, where all the earls and barons of the land
+being assembled, sware fealtie vnto duke Henrie, their allegiance due
+vnto king Stephan, as to their souereigne lord and supreme gouernour so
+long as he liued, alwaies reserued. The forme of the peace was now also
+ingrossed and registered for a perpetuall witnesse of the thing, in this
+yeare 1154. after their account that begin the yeare at Christmasse, as
+about the feast of S. Hilarie in Januarie commonlie called the twentith
+daie. Thus was Henrie the sonne of the empresse made the adopted sonne
+of king Stephan, and therevpon the said Henrie saluted him as king, and
+named him father. After conclusion of this peace, by the power of
+almightie God, all debate ceassed in such wise, that the state of the
+realme of England did maruelouslie for a time flourish, concord being
+mainteined on ech hand. [Sidenote: _Polydor._] � There be which affirme,
+that an other cause bound king Stephan to agr�e to this attonement
+chiefelie, namelie for that the empresse (as they saie) was rather king
+Stephans paramour than his enimie: [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ Egelaw
+heath.] and therefore (when she saw the matter growne to this point,
+that they were readie to trie battell with their armies readie ranged on
+a plaine in the westerne parts called Egelaw heath) she came secretlie
+vnto king Stephan, & spake unto him on this wise: [Sidenote: The words
+of the empresse to K. Stephan.] "What a mischieuous and vnnaturall thing
+go ye about? Is it m�et that the father should destroie the sonne? Is it
+lawfull for the sonne to kill the father? For the loue of God (man)
+refraine thy displeasure, and cast thy weapons out of thy hand, sith
+that (as thou thy selfe knowest full well) Henrie is thine owne
+sonne." [Sidenote: The empresse confesseth hir selfe to be naught of hir
+bodie.] With these and the like words she put him in mind, and couertlie
+told him, that he had to doo with hir a little before she was maried
+vnto earle Geffrey.
+
+The king by such tokens as the empresse gaue him, tooke hir words to be
+true, and therevpon all his malice was streightwaies quenched: so that
+calling foorth the archbishop of Canturburie, he vttered to him the
+whole matter, and tooke therewith such direction, in sending to his
+aduersaries for auoiding battell at that present, that immediatlie the
+armies on both sides wrapped vp their ensignes, and euery man was
+commanded to k�epe the peace, that a communication might be had about
+the conclusion of some pacification, which afterwards ensued in maner
+aboue mentioned.
+
+� But whether this or some other cause moued the king to this peace, it
+is to be thought that God was the worker of it. And surelie a man may
+thinke it good reason, that the report of such secret companie-keeping
+betwixt the king and the empresse, [Sidenote: Slanders deuised by
+malicious heads.] was but a tale made among the common people vpon no
+ground of truth, but vpon some slanderous deuice of a malicious head.
+And admit that king Stephan had to doo hir; yet is it like that both of
+them would doo for best to k�epe it secret, that no such reproch might
+be imputed either to Henrie, who was taken to be legitimate; or to his
+mother, whose honour thereby should not a little be stained.
+
+[Sidenote: Oxenford. _Ger. Dor._ The King and duke m�et at Dunstable.]
+But now to the purpose. Shortlie after that the king and duke Henrie had
+b�ene togither at Oxenford, where they ended all things touching the
+peace & concord betwixt them concluded, they met againe at Dunstable,
+where some cloud of displeasure seemed to darken the bright sunshine of
+the late begun loue and amitie betwixt those two mightie princes the
+king and the duke. [Sidenote: Articles not performed.] For where it was
+accorded (among other articles) that all the castels which had b�ene
+built since the daies of the late king Henrie for euill intents and
+purposes, should be razed and throwne downe: contrarie therevnto
+(notwithstanding manie of them were ouerthrowne and destroied to the
+accomplishment of that article) diuers through the kings permission were
+suffered to stand. And when the duke complained to the king thereof, he
+could not get at that time any redresse, which somewhat troubled him:
+but yet bicause he would not giue occasion of any new trouble, nor
+offend the king, to whom (as to his reputed father) he would seeme to
+yeeld all honour and due reuerence, he passeth it ouer.
+
+[Sidenote: The king and duke come to Canturburie.] Within a while after,
+the king and he came to Canturburie, where they were solemnlie receiued
+of the couent of Christes church with procession. After this, in the
+Lent season they went to Douer, where they talked with Theodorike earle
+of Flanders, and with the countesse his wife who was aunt to duke
+Henrie. At their comming towards Canturburie (as it was bruted) the duke
+should haue b�ene murthered, [Sidenote: The enuie of the Flemings.]
+through treason of the Flemings that enuied both the dukes person, and
+also that peace which he had concluded with the king. But s�e the hap.
+As this feat should haue b�ene wrought on Berhamdowne, William earle of
+Northfolke king Stephan his sonne, who was one of the ch�efe
+conspirators, fell beside his horsse, and brake his leg, so that euerie
+man by that sudden chance was in a maze, & came woondering about him. �
+This no doubt came to passe by the prouidence of God, though such
+accidents are commonlie imputed to casualtie or chance medlie. For it is
+the worke of God either to preuent, or to intercept, or to recompense
+the vnnatural conspiracies of traitors and rebels with some notable
+plague: according to that of the poet;
+[Sidenote: _Hesiod in lib, cui tit. op. & di._]
+    [Greek: Hoi aut� kaka teuchei an�s all� kaka teuch�n,
+    H� de kak� boul� t� bouleusanti kakist�],
+    Noxius ipse sibi est alij qui qu�rit obesse,
+    Consili�mq; malum danti fert maxima damna.
+
+Duke Henrie herewith getting knowledge of the treason intended against
+him, or at the least suspecting somewhat, got him backe againe to
+Canturburie, and so auoided the danger. After this, taking his way to
+[Sidenote: Duke Henrie passeth ouer into Normandie.] Rochester, and so
+to London, he got him a shipboord, and sailed by long seas into
+Normandie, where he arriued in safetie.
+
+After his departure, king Stephan spent the summer season of this yeare,
+in going about the most part of the realme; shewing all the courtesie he
+could deuise to the people in all places where he came; [Sidenote: _Will
+Paru._ Philip de Coleuille. The castell of Drax.] except where he found
+any rebellious persons, as in Yorkshire, where Philip de Coleuille (in
+trust of his castell which he had stronglie fortified at a certeine
+place called Drax) shewed himselfe disobedient to the king, who
+assembling a power in the countrie, besieged that castell, and shortlie
+wanne it, without any great adoo.
+
+When duke Henrie was departed (as ye haue heard) and gone ouer into
+Normandie, now that he had concluded a peace with king Stephan,
+[Sidenote: The puissance of duke Herie.] his puissance was thought to be
+such, that he was able to mainteine warres with the mightiest prince
+that then reigned. For in right of his wife, he had gotten possession of
+the duchie of Aquitaine, and the earledome of Poictou; and further by
+his mother, he enioied the duchie of Normandie, and looked to succ�ed in
+the kingdome of England: and in right of his father he was earle of
+Aniou, Thouraigne, and Maine. He also reuoked into his hands certeine
+parcels of his demeane lands, which his father had giuen away, and
+passing from thence into Aquitaine, mightilie subdued certeine lords and
+barons there, that had rebelled against him.
+
+[Sidenote: A peace concluded betwixt the French king and duke Henrie.
+_Matth. West._] About the same time a peace was concluded betwixt the
+French king, and this duke Henrie: the king restoring vnto the duke the
+townes of Newmarch and Uernon, which he had before taken from him, and
+the duke giuing to the king 20000. markes of siluer, for the harmes
+doone by him, within the realme of France.
+
+But now to returne vnto king Stephan. Yee shall vnderstand, that within
+a while after he had made his foresaid progresse almost about the whole
+realme, he returned vnto London, where he called a parlement as well to
+consult of matters touching the state of the commonwealth, as to furnish
+the see of Yorke with a sufficient archbishop. [Sidenote: _Wil. Paru._
+Roger Archdeacon of Canturburie made archbishop of Yorke.] Wherevpon one
+Roger that was before archdeacon of Canturburie, was chosen to that
+dignitie, and consecrated the tenth day of October, by archbishop
+Theobald, as legat to the pope, and not as archbishop of Canturburie.
+[Sidenote: Thomas Becket archdeacon of Canturburie.] Then also was
+Thomas Becket made archdeacon of Canturburie by the said Theobald. The
+new archbishop Roger first went to his see at Yorke, where after he had
+receiued his inthronization, and set his businesse there in order, he
+tooke his iournie towards Rome to fetch his pall in his owne person.
+
+[Sidenote: The earle of Flanders.] King Stephan also after the end of
+the parlement went to Douer, there to meet the earle of Flanders, who
+came thither to talke with him of certeine businesse. The earle was no
+sooner returned backe, but the king fell sicke, and was so gr�euouslie
+tormented with a paine in his bellie, and with an old disease also,
+wherewith (as should appear) he had beene often troubled, namelie, the
+emrods, [Sidenote: King Stephan departed this life.] that finallie he
+died in the abbey on the fiue and twentith day of October, in the nine
+and fortith yeare of his age, and after he had reigned eighteene yeares,
+ten moneths, and od daies, in the yeare after the birth of our Sauiour
+1154. [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _N. Triuet._] [Sidenote: 1154.] His
+bodie was interred in the abbeie of Feuersham in Kent, which he had
+builded, where his wife also, and his sonne Eustace were buried before.
+� Thus farre of the acts and deeds of Stephan; now a little of other
+breefe remembrances, and first touching the prosopographie or
+description of his person.
+
+[Sidenote: His stature.] He was comelie of stature, of a verie good
+complexion and disposition, of great strength, in qualities of mind
+verie excellent, expert in warre, gentle, curteous, and verie liberall.
+For though he continued all his time in a maner in the maintenance of
+wars, yet he leuied but few tributs, or almost none at all. Ind�ed he
+put diuers bishops to greeuous fines, and that not without the iust
+Judgement of Almightie God, that they might so be punished duelie for
+their periurie committed in helping him to the crowne. Vices wherewith
+he should be noted I find none, but that vpon an ambitious desire to
+reigne, he brake his oth which he made vnto the empresse Maud.
+
+[Sidenote: Abbeies founded. Coggeshall he founded himselfe, and Fontneis
+in Lancashire, & Feuersham in Kent. _Wil. Paruus._] In his daies, the
+abbeies of Tiltey, Fontneis, Rieualle, Coggeshall in Essex, Newbourgh
+and B�eland, Meriuale in Warwikeshire, Garedon in Leicestershire,
+Kirkst�ed in Yorkeshire, with diuers other in other parts of the realme,
+were founded, in so much that more abbeis were erected in his daies,
+than had b�ene within the space of an hundred yeares before, as William
+Paruus writeth.
+
+A great number of castels also were builded in his daies (as before ye
+haue heard) by the Nobles of the realme, either to defend the confines
+of their countries from inuasions of forrenners, and violence of
+homelings; or as fortifications to themselues when they ment or intended
+any inrode or breaking vpon their neighbours.
+
+Diuerse learned men namelie historiographers liued in these daies, as
+William Malmesburie, Henrie Huntington, Simon Dunelmensis, Galfridus
+Arturius, otherwise called Monumetensis, Caradoc Lancarnauensis,
+William Reuellensis, among whom Thurstan archbishop of Yorke is not to
+be forgotten, besides many more who in diuerse sciences were verie
+expert and skilfull, as by treatises of their setting f�orth to the
+world hath sufficientlie appeared.
+
+
+     Thus far Stephan of Bullongne.
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's notes
+
+There are no footnotes in the original. The original spelling and
+punctuation have been retained, with the exception of obvious errors
+which have been corrected by reference to the 1587 edition of which
+the original is a transcription.
+
+[1] Original reads 'hauiug'; corrected to 'hauing'.
+
+[2] Original reads ' o'; corrected to 'to'.
+
+[3] Original reads 'strenghthen'; corrected to 'strengthen'.
+
+[4] Original reads 'insused'; corrected to 'insued'.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and
+Ireland (2 of 6): England (4 of 12), by Raphael Holinshed
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland
+(2 of 6): England (4 of 12), by Raphael Holinshed
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland (2 of 6): England (4 of 12)
+       Stephan Earle Of Bullongne
+
+Author: Raphael Holinshed
+
+Release Date: September 27, 2005 [EBook #16760]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND ***
+
+
+
+
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+</pre>
+
+
+
+<p><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78"></a><span class="pagenum">[78]</span></p>
+<h2>STEPHAN EARLE OF BULLONGNE.</h2>
+
+
+<p style="margin-top:3em;">
+<span class="yearnote">1135. <br />
+An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;1.</span>
+Stephan earle of Bullongne, the sonne of Stephan erle of Blois, by his
+wife Adela, daughter to William Conquerour, came ouer with all speed
+after the death of his vncle, and tooke vpon him the gouernement of the
+realme of England, partlie through confidence which he had in the
+puissance and strength of his brother Theobald earle of Blois, and
+partlie by the aid of his brother Henrie bishop of Winchester and abbat
+of Glastenburie, although that he with other of the Nobles had sworne
+afore to be true vnto the empresse and hir issue as lawfull heires of
+king Henrie latelie deceased.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">A tempest. <i>Matth.&nbsp;West.</i></span>
+The same daie that he arriued in England, there chanced a mightie great
+tempest of thunder, horrible to heare, and lightning dreadfull to
+behold. Now bicause this happened in the winter time, it s&eacute;emed against
+nature, and therefore it was the more noted as a foreshewing of some
+trouble and calamitie to come.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79" ></a><span class="pagenum">[79]</span>
+This Stephan began his reigne ouer the realme of England the second
+day
+of December, in the yere of our Lord 1135. in the eleuenth yeare of the
+emperour Lothair, the sixt of pope Innocentius the second, and about the
+xxvii. of Lewes the seuenth, surnamed Crassus king of France, Dauid the
+first of that name then reigning in Scotland, &amp; entring into the twelfe
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> <i>Wil.&nbsp;Mal.</i> <i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i></span>
+of his regiment. He was crowned at Westminster vpon S. Stephans day, by
+William archbishop of Canturburie, the most part of the Nobles of the
+realme being present, and swearing fealtie vnto him, as to their true
+and lawfull souereigne.</p>
+
+<p>Howbeit, there were diuerse of the wiser sort of all estates, which
+regarding their former oth, could haue b&eacute;ene contented that the empresse
+should haue gouerned till hir sonne had come to lawfull age;
+notwithstanding they held their peace as yet, and consented vnto
+<span class="rightnote">Periurie punished.</span>
+Stephan. But this breach of their othes was worthilie punished
+afterward, insomuch that as well the bishops as the other Nobles either
+died an euill death, or were afflicted with diuerse kinds of calamities
+and mischances, and that euen here in this life, of which some of them
+as occasion serueth shall be remembred hereafter. Yet there were of them
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Malm.</i> The bishop of Salisburies protestation.</span>
+(and namelie the bishop of Salisburie) which protested that they were
+fr&eacute;e from their oth of allegiance made to the said empresse, bicause
+that without the consent of the lords of the land she was maried out of
+the realme, whereas they tooke their oth to receiue hir for queene, vpon
+that condition, that without their assent she should not marrie with any
+person out of the realme.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The bishops think to please God in breaking their oth.</span>
+Moreouer (as some writers thinke) the bishops tooke it, that they should
+doo God good seruice in prouiding for the wealth of the realme, and the
+aduancement of the church by their periurie. For whereas the late
+deceassed king vsed himselfe not altogither for their purpose, they
+thought that if they might set vp and creat a king ch&eacute;eflie by their
+especiall meanes and authoritie, he would follow their counsell better,
+and reforme such things as they iudged to be amisse. But a great cause
+that mooued manie of the lords vnto the violating thus of their oth, was
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> Hugh Bigot.</span>
+(as some authors rehearse) for that Hugh Bigot, sometime steward to king
+Henrie the first, immediatlie after the decease of king Henrie, came
+into England, and as well before the archbishop of Canturburie, as
+diuers other lords of the land, tooke a voluntarie oth (although most
+men thinke that he was hired so to doo bicause of great promotion)
+declaring vpon the same that he was present a little before king Henries
+death, when the same king adopted and chose his nepheue Stephan to be
+his heire and successour, bicause his daughter, the empresse had
+gr&eacute;euouslie displeased him. But vnto this mans oth the archbishop and
+the other lords were so hastie in giuing of credit. Now the said Hugh
+for his periurie, by the iust iudgment of God, came shortlie after to a
+miserable end.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i></span>
+<span class="yearnote">1136.</span>
+But to our purpose. King Stephan (by what title soeuer he obteined the
+crowne) immediatlie after his coronation, went first to Reading to the
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> <i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i> <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+buriall of the bodie of his vncle Henrie, the same being now brought
+ouer from Normandie, from whence after the buriall he repaired to
+Oxenford, and there calling a councell of the lords &amp; other estates of
+his realme; amongst other things he promised before the whole assemblie
+(to win the harts of the people) that he would put downe and quite
+<span class="rightnote">The faire promises of king Stephan.</span>
+abolish that tribute which oftentimes was accustomed to be gathered
+after the rate of their acres of hides or land, commonlie called
+Danegilt, which was two shillings of euerie hide of land. Also, that he
+would so prouide, that no bishop sees nor other benefices should remaine
+void, but immediatlie after vpon their first vacation, they should be
+againe bestowed vpon some conuenient person meet to supplie the roome.
+Further he promised not to seize vpon any mans woods as forfeit, though
+any priuate man had hunted and killed his d&eacute;ere in the same woods, as
+the maner of his predecessour was. &para;&nbsp;For a kind of forfeiture was
+deuised by king Henrie, that those should lose their right inheritance
+in their woods, that chanced to kill any of the kings d&eacute;ere within the
+same.</p>
+
+<p>
+<a name="Page_80" id="Page_80" ></a><span class="pagenum">[80]</span>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> <i>Ran.&nbsp;Higd.</i> Licence to build castels.</span>
+Moreouer, he granted licence to all men, to build either castell, tower,
+or other hold for defense of themselues vpon their owne grounds. Al this
+did he chieflie in hope that the same might be a safegard for him in
+time to come, if the empresse should inuade the land, as he doubted she
+shortlie would. Moreouer he aduanced manie yoong &amp; lustie
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Malm.</i> In nouella historia.</span>
+gentlemen to great liuings. For such as were of any noble familie, and
+thereto through a certeine stoutnesse of stomach sought preferment,
+easilie obteined of him the possession of castels and great lordships,
+diuerse of whom he honored with titles of dignitie, creating some of
+them earles and some lords. Now, such was their importunate sute in
+demanding, that when he had little more to bestow amongst them, hauing<a name="FNanchor_4_1" id="FNanchor_4_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a>
+alreadie giuen sundrie portions that belonged to the crowne, they
+ceassed not to be in hand with him for more, and being denied with
+reasonable excuses on his behalfe, they thought themselues ill dealt
+withall, and so turning from him, fortified their castels and holds,
+making open warre against him: as hereafter shall appeare.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The resort of strangers to serue king Stephan.</span>
+There came ouer vnto him also a great number of Flemings and Britons to
+serue him as souldiers, whom he reteined, to be the stronger and better
+able to defend himselfe against the malice of the empresse, by whom he
+looked to be molested he wist not how soone. Wherefore he shewed
+himselfe verie liberall, courteous, and gentle towards all maner of
+persons at the first, and (to saie truth) more liberall, familiar, and
+free harted than stood with the maiestie of a king: which was afterward
+a cause that he grew into contempt. &para;&nbsp;But to such meanes are princes
+driuen, that atteine to their estates more through fauour and support of
+others, than by any good right or title which they may pretend of
+themselues. Thus the gouernement of this prince at the beginning was
+nothing bitter or heauie to his subiects, but full of gentlenesse,
+lenitie, courtesie, and mildnes.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span>
+Howbeit whilest these things were a dooing, certeine of the English
+Nobilitie, abhorring both the king and the present state of his
+gouernment, went priuilie out of the realme into Scotland to king Dauid,
+declaring vnto him what a detestable act was committed by the lords of
+England, in that (contrarie to their oth made vnto the empresse Maud,
+and hir issue) they had now crowned Stephan. Wherefore they besought the
+said king to take in hand to reuenge such a vile iniurie practised
+against hir, and to restore the kingdome vnto the said empresse, which
+if he did, it should be a thing most acceptable both to God and man.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The king of Scots inuadeth the English marshes.
+<i>Sim.&nbsp;Dunel.</i> <i>Matt.&nbsp;Paris.</i> <i>Polydor.</i></span>
+King Dauid hauing heard and well weied the effect of their request,
+foorthwith was so mooued at their words, that in all possible hast he
+assembled an armie, and entring into England, first tooke the citie and
+castell of Carleil: afterward comming into Northumberland, he tooke
+Newcastell and manie other places vpon the borders there. Whereof king
+Stephan being aduertised, streightwaies assembled a power, and
+foorthwith hasted into Cumberland, meaning to recouer that againe by
+<span class="rightnote">K. Stephan encamped n&eacute;ere to his enimie the K. of Scots.</span>
+force of armes, which the enimie had stolen from him by craft and
+subtiltie. At his approch n&eacute;ere to Carleil, he pitched downe his field
+in the euening, thinking there to staie till the morning, that he might
+vnderstand of what power the enimie was, whome he knew to be at hand.</p>
+
+<p>King Dauid also was of a fierce courage, and redie inough to haue giuen
+him battell, but yet when he beheld the English standards in the field,
+<span class="rightnote">An accord made betwixt the two kings Stephan and Dauid.</span>
+and diligentlie viewed their order and behauiour, he was at the last
+contented to giue care to such as intreated for peace on both sides.
+Wherevpon comming to king Stephan, he entred a fr&eacute;endlie peace with him,
+wherein he made a surrender of Newcastell, with condition that he should
+reteine Cumberland by the fr&eacute;e grant of king Stephan, who hoped thereby
+to find king Dauid the more faithfull vnto him in time of need: but yet
+he was deceiued, as afterwards manifestlie app&eacute;ered. For when king
+Stephan required of him an oth of allegiance, he answered that he was
+once sworne alreadie vnto Maud the empresse. Howbeit
+<a name="Page_81" id="Page_81" ></a><span class="pagenum">[81]</span>
+to<a name="FNanchor_4_2" id="FNanchor_4_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> gratifie him,
+he commanded his son Henrie to receiue that oth, for the which the king
+gaue him the earledome of Huntington to hold of him for euer.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Hec.&nbsp;Boetius.</i></span>
+&para;&nbsp;The Scotish chronicles set out the matter in other order, but yet all
+agr&eacute;e that Henrie sweare fealtie to king Stephan, as in the said
+historie of Scotland you may s&eacute;e more at large. Now after that king
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i> <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> <i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i>
+King Stephan sicke.</span>
+Stephan had concluded a peace with king Dauid, he returned to London,
+and there kept his Easter with great ioy and triumphes: who whilest he
+was yet in the middest of all his pastime, about Rogation w&eacute;eke, he
+chanced to fall sicke of a litargie, by reason whereof a rumor was spred
+ouer all the realme that he was dead. Which though it was but a vaine
+tale, and of no importance at the first, yet was it after the occasion
+of much euill. For vpon that report great sedition was raised by the
+<span class="rightnote">False rumors what hurt they oftentimes doo.</span>
+kings enimies amongst the people, the minds of his fr&eacute;ends were
+alienated from him, &amp; manie of the Normans (which were well practised in
+periuries &amp; treasons) thought they might boldlie attempt all misch&eacute;efes
+that came to hand, and hervpon some of them vndertooke to defend one
+<span class="rightnote">Hugh&nbsp;Bigot. Baldwin&nbsp;Reduers. Robert&nbsp;Quisquere.</span>
+place, and some another. Hugh Bigot erle of Norfolke a valiant chieftein
+entered into Norwhich, Baldwin Reduers tooke Excester, &amp; Robert
+Quisquere got certeine castels also into his hands.</p>
+
+<p>King Stephan hearing what his enimies had doone, though he was somewhat
+mooued with this alteration of things, yet as one nothing afraid of the
+matter, he said merilie to those that stood about him: "We are aliue yet
+God be thanked, and that shall be knowne to our enimies yer it be long."
+Neither doubted he any thing but some secret practise of treason, and
+therefore vsing all diligence, he made the more hast to go against his
+enimies, whose attempts though streightwaies for the more part he
+repressed, yet could he not recouer the places (without much adoo) that,
+they had gotten, as Excester, and others: which when he had obteined, he
+contented himselfe for a time and followed not the victorie any further
+in pursuing of his enemies. Wherevpon they became more bold afterward
+than before; in somuch that soone after they practised diuerse things
+against him, whereof (God willing) some in places conuenient shall
+appeare: howbeit they permitted him to remaine in quiet for a time. But
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span>
+whilest he studied to take order in things at home (perceiuing how no
+small number of his subiects did dailie shew themselues to beare him no
+hartie good will) he began by little and little to take awaie those
+liberties from the people, which in the beginning of his reigne he had
+granted vnto them, and to denie those promises which he had made,
+according to the saieng, "That which I haue giuen, I would I had not
+giuen, and that which remaineth I will k&eacute;epe still." This sudden
+alteration and new kind of rough dealing purchased him great enuie
+amongst all men in the end. About the same time, great commotions were
+<span class="rightnote">Geffrey earle of Aniou.</span>
+raised in Normandie by meanes of the lord Geffrey earle of Aniou,
+husband to Maud the empresse, setting the whole countrie in trouble: but
+yer any newes thereof came into England, king Stephan went against
+Baldwin Reduers, who being latelie (though not without great and long
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon&nbsp;Dunel.</i> <i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i> <i>Polydor.</i></span>
+siege expelled out of Excester) got him into the Isle of Wight, and
+there began to deuise a new conspiracie. Howbeit the king comming
+suddenlie into the Isle, tooke it at the first assault, and exiled
+Baldwin out of the realme.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;2. <br />
+1137.</span>
+Having thus with good successe finished this enterprise, and being now
+<span class="rightnote">K. Stephan passeth into Normandie.</span>
+aduertised of the businesse in Normandie, he sailed thither with a great
+armie: and being come within two daies iournie of his enimie the earle
+of Aniou, he sent foorth his whole power of horssemen, diuided into
+three parts, which were not gone past a daies iournie forward, but they
+encountred the earle, finding him with no great force about him.
+<span class="rightnote">The earle of Aniou put to flight.</span>
+Wherevpon giuing the charge vpon him, they put him to flight, and slue
+manie of his people. Which enterprise in this maner valientlie atchiued,
+euen according to the mind of king Stephan, he ioined in freendship with
+<span class="rightnote">Lewes king of France. Eustace son to king Stephan.</span>
+Lewes the seuenth king of France: and hauing latelie created his sonne
+Eustace duke of Normandie, he presentlie appointed him to doo his homage
+vnto the said Lewes for the same.</p>
+
+<p>
+<a name="Page_82" id="Page_82" ></a><span class="pagenum">[82]</span>
+Now whereas his elder brother
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> Theobald erle of Blois.</span>
+Theobald earle of Blois at that time in Normandie, found himselfe
+greeued, that Stephan the yoonger brother had vsurped the lands that
+belonged to their vncle king Henrie, rather than himselfe, Stephan to
+stop this iust complaint of his brother, and to allaie his mood, agr&eacute;ed
+<span class="rightnote">K. Stephan agr&eacute;eth with the earle of Aniou.</span>
+with him, couenanting to paie him yearelie two thousand marks of such
+current monie as was then in vse. Furthermore, wheras Geffrey the earle
+of Aniou demanded in right of his wife the empresse, the whole kingdome
+of England, to be at an end with him, king Stephan was contented to
+satisfie him with a yearelie pension of fiue thousand marks, which
+composition he willinglie receiued.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span>
+Thus when he had prouided for the suertie of Normandie, he returned
+againe into England, where he was no sooner arriued, but aduertisement
+was giuen him of a warre newlie begon with the Scots, whose king vnder a
+colour of obseruing the oth to the empresse, made dailie insurrections
+<span class="rightnote">The Scots inuade the English borders.</span>
+and inuasions into England, to the great disturbance of king Stephan and
+the annoiance of his people. Wherwith being somewhat mooued, he went
+streightwaies toward the north parts, and determined first to besiege
+Bedford by the waie, which apperteined to the earledome of Huntington,
+by gift made vnto Henrie the sonne of king Dauid, and therevpon at that
+present kept with a garison of Scotish men.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i>.</span>
+This place did the king besiege by the space of 30. daies togither,
+giuing thereto euerie daie an assault or alarme, in somuch that
+c&#333;ming thither on Christmasse daie, he spared not on the morow to
+assaile them, and so at length wan the towne from them by m&eacute;ere force
+and strength. King Dauid hearing those newes, and being alreadie in
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;3. <br />
+1138.</span>
+<span class="rightnote">King Dauid inuaded Northumberland.
+<i>Matth.&nbsp;West.</i> <i>Polydor.</i> <i>Matt.&nbsp;Paris.</i>
+<i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i></span>
+armour in the field, entered into Northumberland, and licensed his men
+of warre to spoile and rob the countrie thereabout at their pleasure.
+Herevpon followed such crueltie, that their rage stretched vnto old and
+yoong, vnto preest and clearke, yea women with child escaped not their
+hands, they hanged, headed, and slue all that came in their waie: houses
+were burnt, cattell driuen awaie, and all put to fire and sword that
+serued to any vse for rel&eacute;efe, either of man or beast.</p>
+
+<p>&para;&nbsp;Here we see what a band of calamities doo accompanie and waite vpon
+warre, wherein also we haue to consider what a traine of felicities doo
+attend vpon peace, by an equall comparing of which twaine togither, we
+may easilie perceiue in how heauenlie an estate those people be that
+liue vnder the scepter of tranquillitie, and contrariwise what a hellish
+course of life they lead that haue sworne their seruice to the sword. We
+may consider also the inordinat outrages of princes, &amp; their frantike
+fiersenes, who esteeme not the losse of their subiects liues, the
+effusion of innocent bloud, the population of countries, the ruinating
+of ample regions, &amp;c.: so their will may be satisfied, there desire
+serued. And therefore it was aptlie spoken by a late poet, not beside
+<span class="rightnote">M. Pal. in suo Capric.</span>
+this purpose:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza" >
+<span class="i0">Reges atque duces dira impelluntur in arma,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Imperi&uacute;mque sibi miserorum c&aelig;de lucrantur.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">O c&aelig;ci, &ocirc; miseri, quid? bellum pace putatis<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dignius aut melius? nempe h&ocirc;c nil terpius, &amp; nil<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Quod magis human&acirc; procul &agrave; ratione recedat.<br /></span>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ouid</i>.</span>
+<span class="i2">Candida pax homines, trux decet ira feras.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">K. Stephan maketh hast to rescue the north parts.<br />
+The Scots retire.<br />
+K. Stephan burnt the south parts of Scotland.</span>
+But to our storie. King Stephan hearing of this pitifull spoile, hasted
+forward with great iournies to the rescue of the countrie. The Scots put
+in feare of sp&eacute;edie comming to encounter them, drew backe into Scotland:
+but he pursued them, and entring into their countrie burned and
+destroied the south parts of that realme in most miserable maner.
+Whilest king Stephan was thus about to beat backe the forren enimies,
+and reuenge himselfe on them, he was assailed by other at home, &amp; not
+without the iust vengeance of almightie God, who meant to punish him for
+his periurie committed in taking vpon him the crowne, contrarie to his
+<span class="rightnote">Robert earle of Glocester.</span>
+oth made vnto the empresse and hir
+<a name="Page_83" id="Page_83" ></a><span class="pagenum">[83]</span>
+children. For Robert erle of
+Glocester, base brother vnto the empresse, and of hir priuie councell,
+sought by all meanes how to bring king Stephan into hatred, both of the
+Nobles and commons, that by their helpe he might be expelled the realme,
+and the gouernment restored to the empresse and hir sonne.</p>
+
+<p>Such earnest trauell was made by this earle of Glocester, that manie of
+his freends which fauoured his cause, now that king Stephan was occupied
+in the north parts, ioined with him in conspiracie against their
+<span class="rightnote">Bristow taken.</span>
+souereigne. First the said earle himselfe tooke Bristowe; and after this
+diuerse other townes and castels there in that countrie were taken by
+him and others, with full purpose to k&eacute;epe the same to the behoofe of
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Sim.&nbsp;Dun.</i><br />
+Talbot.<br />
+<i>Matt.&nbsp;Paris.</i><br />
+Louell. Painell. Fitz-John. Fitz-Alain.</span>
+the empresse and hir sonne. Amongst other William Talbot tooke vpon him
+to defend Hereford in Wales: William Louell held the castell of Gary:
+Paganell or Painell kept the castell of Ludlow: William de Moun the
+castell of Dunestor: Robert de Nicholl, the castle of Warram: Eustace
+Fitz-John, the castle of Walton; and William Fitz-Alain, the castle of
+Shrewesburie.</p>
+
+<p>When word hereof came to king Stephan, he was maruellouslie vexed: for
+being determined to haue pursued the Scots euen to the vttermost limits
+of their countrie, he was now driuen to change his mind, and thought it
+good at the first to stop the proceedings of his enimies at home, least
+in giuing them space to increase their force, they might in processe of
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i> <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i>
+The castle of Douer deliuered to the qu&eacute;ene.
+<i>Polydor.</i></span>
+time growe so strong, that it would be an hard matter to resist them at
+the last. Herevpon therefore he returned southward, and comming vpon his
+enimies, recouered out of their hands diuers of those places which they
+held, as Hereford, and the castle of Shrewesburie. About the same time
+one Walkeline y&eacute;elded the castle of Douer vnto the qu&eacute;ene, who had
+besieged him within the same.</p>
+
+<p>Now king Stephan knowing that the Scots were not like long to continue
+<span class="rightnote">Thurstan archbishop of Yorke made lieutenant of the north
+ports.</span>
+in quiet, returned northwards againe; and comming to Thurstan the
+archbishop of Yorke, he committed the k&eacute;eping of the countrie vnto his
+charge, commanding him to be in a redinesse to defend the borders vpon
+any sudden inuasion. Which thing the couragious archbishop willinglie
+vndertooke. By this meanes king Stephan being eased of a great part of
+his care, fell in hand to besiege the residue of those places which the
+rebels kept: but they fearing to abide the danger of an assault, fled
+away, some into one part, and some into another; whom the kings power of
+horssemen still pursuing and ouertaking by the way, slue, and tooke no
+small number of them prisoners in the chase. Thus was the victorie in
+maner wholie atchiued, and all those places recouered, which the enimies
+had fortified.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The Scots eftsoones inuade Northumberland.</span>
+In like maner when king Dauid heard that the king was thus vexed with
+ciuill warre at home, he entred England againe in most forceable wise:
+and sending his horssemen abroad into the countrie, commanded them to
+waste and spoile the same after their accustomed maner. But in the meane
+time he purposed with himselfe to besiege Yorke: which citie if he might
+haue woone, he determined to haue made it the frontier hold against king
+Stephan, and the rest that tooke part with him. Herevpon calling in his
+horssemen from straieng further abroad, he marched thitherwards, and
+comming neere to the citie, pitched downe his tents.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Archbishop Thurstan raiseth a power to fight with the Scots.</span>
+In this meane while the archbishop Thurstan, to whom the charge of
+defending the countrie cheefelie in the kings absence apperteined,
+called togither the Nobles and gentlemen of the shire and parties
+adioining, whom with so pithie and effectuall words he exhorted to
+resist the attempts of the Scots (whose cruell dooings could k&eacute;epe no
+measure) that incontinentlie all the power of the northparts was raised,
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Sim.&nbsp;Dunel.</i> Capteines of the armie.</span>
+and (vnder the leading of William earle of Albermarle, Walter Espeke,
+William Peuerell of Nottingham, and two of the Lacies, Walter and
+Gilbert) offered euen with perill of life and limme to trie the matter
+against the Scots in a pight field, and either to driue them out of the
+countrie, or else to loose their liues in the quarel of their prince.</p>
+
+<p>It chanced at this time, that archbishop Thurstan was sicke, and
+<span class="rightnote">Rafe bish. of Durham supplieth the roome of the archbishop.</span>
+therefore could not
+<a name="Page_84" id="Page_84" ></a><span class="pagenum">[84]</span>
+come into the field himselfe, but yet he sent Rafe
+bishop of Durham to supplie his roome, who though he saw and perceiued
+that euerie man was readie enough to encounter with their enimies; yet
+he thought good to vse some exhortation vnto them the better to
+encourage them, in maner as here ensueth.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> <i>Sim.&nbsp;Dun.</i></span>
+"Most noble Englishmen, and ye right valient Normans, of whose courage
+the Frenchman is afraid, by you England is kept vnder, by you Apulia
+dooth flourish, and vnto you Jerusalem and Antioch haue y&eacute;elded their
+subjection. We haue at this present the rebellious nation of Scotland
+(which of right ought to be subiect to the crowne of England) come into
+the field against vs, thinking for euermore to rid themselues of their
+submission, and to bring both vs and our countrie into their bondage and
+thraldome. Now albeit I see in you courage sufficient, to beat them
+backe from any further attempt; yet least when you shall come to the
+triall, by any manner of chance, you should loose any p&eacute;ece thereof, I
+lamenting the state of my countrie (whose gr&eacute;euances I wish you should
+redresse) doo meane to vse a few words vnto you, not for that I would
+exhort you to doo any man wrong, but rather to beat them backe which
+offer to doo you iniurie. Consider therefore that you shall here fight
+with that enimie, whom you haue oftentimes vanquished, and oftentimes
+offending in periurie, haue oftentimes most worthilie punished: whome
+also (to be br&eacute;efe) raging after the maner of cruell robbers, wickedlie
+spoiling churches, and taking awaie our goods, you did latelie
+constreine to lurke in desert places and corners out of sight. Against
+this enimie (I say) therefore worthie of reuengement for his so manifold
+outrages, shew yourselues valiant, and with manlie stomaches driue him
+out of our confines. For as far as I can perceiue, the victorie is
+yours, God surelie will aid you, who cannot longer abide the sinnes of
+this people. Wherefore he that looseth his life in so iust a quarell
+(according to the saieng of our sauiour) shall find it. Let not their
+rash and presumptuous boldnesse make you afraid, sith so manie tokens of
+your approoued valiancie cannot cause them to stand in doubt of you. You
+are clad in armour, and so appointed with helmet, curase, greiues, and
+target, that the enimie knoweth not were to strike and hurt you. Then
+sith you shall haue to doo with naked men, and such as vse not to weare
+any armour at all, but more m&eacute;et for brablers and ale-house quarrellers
+than men of warre vsed to the field: what should you stand in doubt of?
+Their huge number is not able to stand against your skilfull order and
+practised knowledge in all warlike feats and martiall discipline. A rude
+multitude is but a let, rather than a furtherance to atchiue the
+victorie. A small number of your worthie elders haue oftentimes
+vanquished great multitudes of enimies." As the bishop was thus speaking
+to the English armie, and before he grew to an end of his exhortation,
+the Scots approched with their battels, &amp; first certeine of their bands
+of horssemen were sent afore, to take the higher ground: which when the
+Englishmen perceiued, they staied not till the enimies should begin the
+<span class="rightnote">The Englishmen set vpon the Scots.</span>
+battell, but straightwaies caused their trumpets to sound, and so giue
+the onset.</p>
+
+<p>The Scots were as readie to encounter with them, so that the battell
+began to be verie hot, and euen at the first out flew the arrows, and
+then the footmen ioined, who fought most fiercelie on both sides.
+<span class="rightnote">The Scots of Lodian disorder the Englishmen.
+<i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i>
+<i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+Herewith a wing of them of Lodian, which were in the Scotish vauntgard,
+brake in vpon the vauntgard of the English: but yet closing togither
+againe, they kept out the enimies, and casting about with a wing,
+compassed the Scotish horssemen round about, and panching their horsses,
+they slue a great number, and constreined the residue to retire. Which
+thing when their felowes in the other wing saw, their hearts began to
+faint, and by and by betooke them to their heeles.</p>
+
+<p>The rumor of this flight being notified to the maine battell of the
+<span class="rightnote">The Scots put to flight.</span>
+Scotish men, where king Dauid himselfe was fighting with his enimies,
+discomfited them also, in such wise, that they in like began to shrinke
+backe: first by parts, and after by heapes togither.
+<a name="Page_85" id="Page_85" ></a><span class="pagenum">[85]</span>
+The king did what
+he could to staie them: but the English pressed so vpon them, that there
+was no recouerie. Wherefore he himselfe was glad in the end to beare his
+men companie, in s&eacute;eking to saue himselfe by flight, and make such shift
+as he could amongst the residue.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Henrie earle of Huntington his valiancie.</span>
+His sonne Henrie the earle of Huntington more regarding his honour, than
+the danger of life, neither mooued with the flight of his father, nor
+the ouerthrow of the other, came in amongst his men, being readie to
+turne their backes, and with bold countenance spake these or the like
+words vnto them, as the shortnesse of the time would permit. "Whither go
+you good fellowes? Here shall you find armour and force, neither shall
+you, whilest life remaineth in your capteine (whom ye ought to follow)
+depart without the victorie. Therefore choose whether yee had rather
+trie the matter with the enimies by battell, or to be put to a shamefull
+death at home after your returns thither." The Scots mooued with these
+vehement words of their valiant capteine, recoiled vpon their enimies,
+and began to make hauocke of them: but being no great number, and beset
+with the English footmen before, and the horssemen behind, they were
+shortlie brought to distresse, and for the more part either taken or
+slaine.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> <i>Hen.&nbsp;Hunt.</i><br />
+The number.<br />
+<i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i> <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> <i>Wil.&nbsp;Paru.</i>
+<i>Polydor.</i></span>
+At length earle Henrie perceiuing how the matter went, and that there
+was no hope left of recouerie, fled also with those that could escape,
+bitterlie cursing the frowardnesse of fortune, and mishap of that daies
+chance. The number of them that were killed at this battell was aboue
+ten thousand. In which number there were not manie of the English: but
+yet among other, Walter Lacie the brother of Gilbert Lacie, one of their
+cheefe capteines is remembered to be one. This battell was fought in the
+moneth of August, in the fourth of king Stephan, who hearing of this
+victorie, greatlie reioised, and gaue infinite commendations to his
+subiects (the Englishmen and the Normans) but principallie praised
+archbishop Thurstan and the bishop of Durham for their faithfull and
+diligent seruice shewed in this behalfe.</p>
+
+<p>On the other side he himselfe vsing the like good successe amongst the
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ran.&nbsp;Higd.</i>
+Castels recouered by king Stephan.</span>
+rebels at home, ouercame them, and chased them out of the land. For in
+this meane time he had taken the castels of Hereford, Glocester,
+Webbeley, Bristowe, Dudley, and Shrewesburie. Likewise Robert earle of
+Glocester not being able to resist the king thus preuailing against his
+aduersaries on ech hand, fled into France vnto his sister the empresse.
+<span class="rightnote"><i>N.&nbsp;Triuet.</i> <i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i> <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+After this, about Aduent, the popes legat one Alberike bishop of Hostia,
+held a synod at London, within Paules church, where by the kings
+consent, Theobald abbat of Bechellouin was consecrated archbishop of
+<span class="rightnote">Theobald archbishop of Canturburie.</span>
+Canturburie, being the 37. archbishop which had ruled that see, after
+Augustine the moonke.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;5. <br />
+1140.</span>
+The king hauing now accomplished his purpose, taken the castell of
+Leides, and brought the state of the realme to a meetlie good staie,
+thought it expedient after the late ouerthrow giuen to the Scots, to
+pursue the victorie, and vtterlie to subdue them with all expedition. He
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> K. Stephan inuadeth Scotland.</span>
+brought his armie therefore into Scotland, first wasting and spoiling
+the countrie, and afterward preparing to fight with such Scots as came
+foorth to defend their goods and houses. K. Dauid perceiuing himselfe to
+be too weake, made sute to the king for peace, which with much
+difficultie he obteined at length, by deliuering his sonne Henrie vnto
+<span class="rightnote">A peace concluded betw&eacute;ene the two kings of England and
+Scotland.</span>
+king Stephan in pledge for the sure performance of couenants concluded
+vpon betwixt them. Herevpon king Stephan hauing thus ended his businesse
+in Scotland, returned into England: and after directing his iornie
+towards Wales, he came to Ludlow: which towne (being held by his
+aduersaries) he wan yer long out of their hands.
+<span class="rightnote">Ludlow wun.</span>
+</p>
+
+<p>After this he went to Oxenford, where whilest he remained, a great brute
+was spred abroad, that the empresse was comming with hir brother, the
+earle of Glocester: which caused him to put the lesse trust in his
+people from thenceforth, in so much that he began to repent himselfe
+(although too late) for that he, had granted licence to so
+<a name="Page_86" id="Page_86" ></a><span class="pagenum">[86]</span>
+manie of his
+subiects to build castels within their owne grounds. For he had them all
+<span class="rightnote">Roger bishop of Salisburie. Alexander B. of Lincolne.
+<i>Wil.&nbsp;Malm.</i></span>
+in suspicion: and amongst other, he vehementlie suspected Roger bishop
+of Salisburie (who had doone verie much for him) and Alexander bishop of
+Lincolne nephue to the said bishop of Salisburie, or (as some thought)
+more n&eacute;ere to him in kindred than his nephue, I meane, his sonne. For
+<span class="rightnote">Castels built by the bishop of Salisburie.</span>
+the said Roger had builded diuerse castels, as at Shierborne, at the
+Uies, and at Malmesburie. The said Alexander likewise following his
+vncles example, bestowed his monie that way verie fr&eacute;elie, hauing
+builded one castell at Newarke, and another at Sl&eacute;eford.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i> Newarke castel built by the bishop of
+Lincolne.<br />
+The B. of Elie banished.</span>
+The king therefore hauing committed both these bishops to prison, and
+furthermore sent Nigell or Neill the bishop of Elie into exile (which
+Nigell was nephue also to the foresaid bishop of Salisburie) he
+threatened to keepe them without either meate or drinke, if they would
+not cause these castels to be deliuered into his hands, whereby he
+obteined them, and moreouer found in the bishop of Salisburies cofers
+40. thousand marks, which he tooke to his owne vse, by way of
+<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Salisburie dieth of thought. <i>Wil.&nbsp;Malm.</i> In
+nouella historia.</span>
+confiscation for his disloiall demeanor. This ingratitude of the king
+wounded the bishops hart, insomuch that taking thought for the losse of
+his houses and monie, he pined awaie, and died within a while after.</p>
+
+<p>The quarrell which was first picked at these bishops, rose by occasion
+of a fraie betwixt the bishops men and the seruants of Alaine duke of
+Britaine, about the taking vp of Innes at their comming to Oxenford. In
+which fraie one of the dukes men was killed, his nephue almost slaine,
+and the residue of his folkes sore beaten and chased. Herevpon were the
+bishops first committed to ward, and afterward handled at the kings
+pleasure, as partlie ye haue heard.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Fortunes inconstancie. <i>Wil.&nbsp;Paru.</i></span>
+&para;&nbsp;H&eacute;ere by the way, good reader, thou hast one example worthie to be
+marked of fickle fortunes inconstancie, whereof the poet speaketh verie
+excellentlie;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="rightnote">M. Pal. in suo scor.</span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; variat semper fortuna tenorem,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Diuerso gaudens mortalia voluere casu,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nam qui scire velit, cur hunc fortuna vel illum<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Aut premat aut sursum tollat, nimis ardua qu&aelig;rit:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Terrarum sequidem est illi concessa potestas<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Maxima, &amp; huic illam pr&aelig;fecit Iuppiter orbi.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>For this Roger bishop of Salisburie, was in the daies of William Rufus a
+poore pr&eacute;est, seruing a cure in a village n&eacute;ere the citie of Caen in
+Normandie. Now it chanced, that the lord Henrie the kings brother came
+thither on a time, and called for a pr&eacute;est to say masse before him.
+Whervpon this Roger comming to the altar, was by and by readie and
+quicke at it, and therewithall had so speedilie made an end thereof,
+that the men of warre then attendant on the said lord Henrie, affirmed
+that this pr&eacute;est aboue all other, was a chapleine meet to say masse
+before men of warre, bicause he had made an end when manie thought he
+had but newlie begun. Herevpon the kings brother commanded the preest to
+follow him, insomuch that when oportunitie serued, for his diligent
+seruice, and readie dispatch of matters, when Henrie had atteined the
+<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Salisburie made lord chancelour.</span>
+crowne, he was by him aduanced to great promotions: as first to be
+Chancelour of England, &amp; after bishop of Salisburie, growing still into
+such estimation, that he might doo more with the king than any other of
+the councell.</p>
+
+<p>But to returne to king Stephan, who after he had thus imprisoned the
+aforesaid bishops, manned those castles which he tooke from them with
+his owne soldiers, in like maner as he had doone all the rest which he
+had taken from the rebels, that he might the better withstand the
+empresse and hir sonne, whose comming he euer feared. He began also to
+shew himselfe cruell towards all men, and namelie against those that had
+chieflie furthered his title to the obteining of the crowne. &para;&nbsp;This (as
+manie tooke it) came to passe by the prouidence of almightie God, that
+those should suffer for their periuries, which contrarie to law and
+right had consented to crowne him king.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87" ></a><span class="pagenum">[87]</span>
+<span class="rightnote">K. Stephan doubts whom to trust.</span>
+In d&eacute;ed he wist not well whom he might trust, for he stood in doubt of
+all men, bicause he was aduertised by credible report, that the empresse
+sought for aid on all sides, meaning verie shortlie to come into
+England. For this cause also he thought good to procure the fr&eacute;endship
+of Lewes king of France, which he brought to passe, by concluding
+<span class="rightnote">He c&#333;tracteth affinitie with the French king.</span>
+a mariage betw&eacute;ene his sonne Eustace and the ladie Constance sister to
+the said Lewes. But within a few yeares after, this Eustace died, and
+then was Constance maried to Raimond earle of Tholouse.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Malm.</i> <i>Polydor.</i> <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i>
+Alberike de U&eacute;er pleadeth the kings cause.</span>
+In the meane time, namelie on the first daie of September, a councell
+was holden at Winchester, wherein earle Alberike de Ueer pleaded with
+great eloquence the kings case, in excuse of his fault for imprisoning
+the bishops, which was sore laid to his charge by his owne brother the
+bishop of Winchester, being also the popes legat: who (togither with the
+archbishop of Canturburie and other bishops) had called this councell
+for that purpose. Howbeit they got nothing of the king but faire words,
+and promises of amendment in that which had b&eacute;ene doone otherwise than
+equitie required which promises were vtterlie vnperformed, and so the
+councell brake vp.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The empresse landed here in England.</span>
+In the moneth of Iulie the empresse Maud landed here in England at
+Portesmouth, &amp; went strait to Arundell, which towne (togither with the
+countie of Sussex) hir mother in law Adelicia king Henries second wife,
+wedded to William de Albenay, held in right of assignation for hir
+dower. There came in with the empresse hir brother Robert and Hugh
+Bigot, of whom ye haue heard before.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">What power she brought with hir.</span>
+Some write that the empresse brought with hir a great armie, to the
+intent that ioining with Ranulph earle of Chester (who tooke part with
+Robert erle of Glocester, bicause the same Rob. had maried his daughter)
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Malm.</i> <i>Polydor.</i></span>
+she might fight with king Stephan, and trie the battell with him. Other
+declare that she came to England now at the first, but with a small
+power (as seuen score horssemen or men of armes as we may call them) in
+hope of Gods assurance (who seldome faileth those that fight in a
+rightfull cause) and againe vpon trust of aid of freends, who for the
+benefits receiued at hir fathers hands, would be readie to go against
+king Stephan. Wherevpon hir brother earle Robert leauing his sister in
+the castle of Arundell, rode with all sp&eacute;ed vnto Glocester thorough his
+enimies countrie, not taking with him past 12. men of armes, and as
+manie archers on horssebacke, that vpon his c&#333;ming thither he might
+<span class="rightnote">Earle Robert commeth to Glocester.</span>
+leuie an armie with so much speed as was possible. Now when he came to
+Glocester, though the citie was kept with a garison of soldiours placed
+there by king Stephan, yet the townesmen, after they heard that their
+earle was approched to the gates, they droue out the garison, &amp; receiued
+him into the towne, where he remained a time, partlie to assemble an
+armie, and partlie to practise with other townes and castels
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matt.&nbsp;Paris.</i> Brian the earle of Glocesters sonne. Miles
+earle of Hereford.</span>
+thereabouts, to reuolt vnto his sister. Amongst all other, the earles
+sonne Brian, and Miles of Glocester were right ioifull of the news of
+the empresses arriuall, and gladlie prepared themselues to fight in
+defense of hir cause.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> The empresse besieged in Arundell castel.</span>
+In the meane time king Stephan, hauing knowledge of the landing of the
+empresse, and other his enimies, came strait to Arundell, where he
+besieged hir in the castle, and spent his labour certeine daies in vaine
+about the winning of it. Howbeit at that present he did not preuaile,
+for there were certeine with him, who in fauour of the empresse bare him
+in hand, that it was not possible to win that fortresse, and therefore
+aduised him to raise his siege, and suffer the empresse to be at
+libertie to go to some other place, where he might with more ease and
+<span class="rightnote">The king raiseth his siege.</span>
+lesse damage get hir into his hands. The king not perceiuing the drift
+of those secret practisers, followed their counsell. Wherevpon the
+empresse being now at libertie, went from place to place to trie and
+solicit hir fr&eacute;ends: and as a riuer increaseth in the passage, so the
+further the ladie went, the more hir power increased. About the midst of
+the next night after the siege was raised, she departed out of the
+<span class="rightnote">The empresse goeth to Bristow.</span>
+castle, and with great iournies sped hir towards Bristow; which was
+alreadie reuolted to hir side.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88" ></a><span class="pagenum">[88]</span>
+These things being thus bruted abroad, the Peeres of the realme
+resorted to hir, as they that well remembred how in time past by oth of
+allegiance they were suerlie bound to hir and hir issue. The king
+<span class="rightnote">K. Stephen besiegeth Wallingford.</span>
+in the meantime besieged the castle of Wallingford, but after he
+vnderstood that the empresse was gotten to Bristow, repenting himselfe
+for his light credit giuen to euill counsell, he left off the siege of
+Wallingford, and drew towards Bristow, that he might (if it were
+possible) inclose his aduersaries within that walled citie. But the
+empresse, being aduertised of his determination (by such of hir fr&eacute;ends
+as were resident about him) first went to Glocester, and after to
+Lincolne, where she prouided vittailes and all other things necessarie
+for hir armie and defense: purposing to remaine in that citie, till the
+matter were either tried by chance of warre betwixt hir and king
+Stephen, or that by the peoples helpe reuolting to hir side, he
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;6. <br />
+1141.</span>
+might be driuen out of the realme, and she restored to the whole
+gouernement. The king followed hir verie earnestlie, and comming vnto
+Lincolne besieged it, assaieng on euerie side which waie he might best
+<span class="rightnote">K. Stephen winneth Lincolne, <i>Ran.&nbsp;Higd.</i> <i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i>
+<i>Polydor.</i> <i>N.&nbsp;Triuet.</i></span>
+find meanes to win it, &amp; enter into the same. At length the empresse
+found shift to escape from thence, and within a little while the king
+got possession of the citie. But shortlie after, Robert earle of
+Glocester, and Ranulph earle of Chester, Hugh Bigot, and Robert of
+Morley assembling their power, aswell of Welshmen as others, to come to
+the succour of those that were thus besieged, came to Lincolne, &amp;
+pitching downe their tents n&eacute;ere to the enimies, they rested the first
+night without making any great attempt.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The ordering of the kings armie readie to giue battell.
+<i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i> <i>Matt.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+In the morning being the second daie of Februarie, so soone as it was
+daie, they set their men in order of battell, and brought them foorth in
+sight of the king and his host: who were on the other side, not meaning
+to refuse the conflict, ordered his men readie to encounter them, whome
+he diuided into 3. seuerall battels. The chiefest part of his armed men
+he appointed to remaine on foot, amongst whom he placed himselfe, with
+certeine noble men, as earle Baldwin, and others. The residue being
+horssemen, he disposed into two seuerall wings, in one of which were
+<span class="rightnote">The earles of Norfolke, Hampton, Mellent, &amp; Waren.</span>
+Alaine duke of Britaine, Hugh Bigot earle of Norfolke, Simon earle of
+Hampton, and two other carles, Mellent and Waren: Howbeit they were not
+furnished with such number of men as had b&eacute;ene requisit; for as it fell
+out, they brought no great retinues with them.
+<span class="rightnote">The earle of Albermarle, William de Ypres.</span>
+The other wing was
+gouerned by the earle of Albemarle, and William de Ypres.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The ordering of the battels on the kings aduersaries part.</span>
+Now on the aduersaries side, the earle of Chester led the fore ward, and
+those whome king Stephan had disherited, were placed in the middle ward.
+In the rere ward the earle of Glocester with his companie had the rule.
+And besides those thr&eacute;e battels, the Welshmen were set as a wing at one
+of the sides.</p>
+
+<p>Here the earle of Chester (to vtter the good will which he had to fight)
+appointed in faire armour as he was, spake these words in effect as
+<span class="rightnote">The oration of the earle of Chester.
+<i>Ran.&nbsp;Higd.</i></span>
+followeth, directing the same to the earle of Glocester, and other the
+capteines, saieng: "I giue you hartie thanks, most inuincible
+chiefteine, and you my fellow soldiers, which declare your hartie good
+wils towards me, euen to the ieoparding of your liues at this my request
+and instance. Sith then I am the occasion of your perill, it is
+conuenient that I make the first entrance, and giue the onset of the
+battell vpon that most disloiall king, who granting a truce, hath broken
+the peace; and swearing to be a subiect, is now prooued a most wicked
+vsurper: I therefore trusting both vpon reuenge of the vniust dealings
+of this king, and also vpon mine owne force and courage, shall
+straitwaies breake in sunder the arraie of his armie, and make waie
+through the middest of the enimies with sword in hand. It shall be your
+parts then to follow me, who will lead you the waie: for euen now my
+mind giueth me, that I shall passe thorough the battels, tread the
+capteines vnder foot, and run the king through with this my sharpe
+sword."</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The earle of Glocesters answer to the earle of Chesters
+oration.</span>
+When he had thus ended, the earle of Glocester answered in this wise:
+"It is not against reason that you should require the honor of the first
+onset, both for the nobilitie of your house, and also in respect of the
+prowesse wherein you excell: but yet if you
+<a name="Page_89" id="Page_89" ></a><span class="pagenum">[89]</span>
+stand vpon nobilitie, for
+my part, being the sonne and nephue of a king, ought not I to be
+preferred? If vpon valiance, here are manie verie worthie men, afore
+whom there is not one aliue that may chalenge any prerogatiue. But
+another reason moueth me most chieflie to be the formost. The king, who
+contrarie to his oth made to my sister, hath cruellie vsurped the
+kingdoms, and setting all in trouble, hath beene the cause of manie
+thousand mens deaths, and distributed lands and liuings to such as haue
+no right to the same, which he hath violentlie taken from the rightfull
+owners, who are quite disherited. This king (I saie) is first to be
+assailed with the assistance of the righteous iudge, who prepareth
+punishment for wicked dooers. For almightie God, who iudgeth his people
+with equitie, will looke downe from his heauenlie habitation, and will
+not leaue vs comfortlesse in this so great a necessitie. One thing there
+is, most valiant capteines, and all you right hardie souldiers, which I
+would haue you to consider, that through the fennes, which much adoo you
+<span class="rightnote">The necessitie to fight valientlie.</span>
+haue passed, there is no waie to escape by flight. Here must we either
+vanquish the enimies, or else die in the field: for no hope of safegard
+remaineth in fl&eacute;eing awaie. This onelie resteth (I saie) that you make
+waie for you to enter the citie with force of your weapons. If I be not
+deceiued in that which my mind giueth me to coniecture, the lacke of
+meanes to escape, otherwise than by shewing your selues valiant men, by
+Gods helpe will bring vs the victorie. For he must n&eacute;eds plaie the man,
+who hath not other succor to auoid the danger of destruction The
+citizens of Lincolne, who shall fight so n&eacute;ere their houses as you shall
+s&eacute;e, will not staie long to get them thither for their refuge. And
+herewith consider and weie (I beseech you) against whom you shall match
+<span class="rightnote">Alaine duke of Brittanie.</span>
+in this battell. There is Alane duke of Britaine, who commeth armed
+against you, yea rather against God, a wicked person, and spotted with
+all kind of filthinesse; who in malice hath no p&eacute;ere, as one that neuer
+wanted desire to doo misch&eacute;efe and who to be comparable in crueltie,
+<span class="rightnote">The earle of Mellent.</span>
+would iudge it a great reproch. There commeth also the earle of Mellent,
+a man full of all guile and deceit, in whose hart iniquitie is rooted,
+and nothing sounding in his mouth but vnthankfulnesse; besides this, he
+is slothfull in d&eacute;eds, presumptuous in words, not hastie to fight, but
+<span class="rightnote">Earle Hugh.</span>
+swift to run awaie. Then commeth earle Hugh, who hath not thought it
+sufficient to breake his oth to my sister the empresse, but he must
+commit periurie the second time, in aduouching (vpon a new oth) that
+king Henrie granted the kingdome to Stephan, and disabled his daughter.
+After him marcheth the earle of Albemarle, a man of singular constancie
+<span class="rightnote">The earle of Albermerles wife.</span>
+in euill, verie readie to attempt and loth to giue ouer a mischeefe:
+whose wife, through irkesomnes of his filthie behauiour is gone from
+him; &amp; he that keepeth hir, c&#333;meth with him also against vs, an open
+adulterer, &amp; one well esteemed of Bacchus, but nothing acquainted
+<span class="rightnote">Simon earle of Hampton.</span>
+with Mars. Then setteth foorth Simon earle of Hampton, whose d&eacute;eds
+consist in words, &amp; whose gifts rest in promises. For when he hath said,
+he hath doone; &amp; when he hath promised, ye get no more. Finallie there
+come togither a knot of P&eacute;eres &amp; Noble men, [Like maister, like
+seruants.] like to their king and maister, accustomed to robberies,
+enriched with rapines, embrued with manslaughters, &amp; defamed with
+periurie. You therefore (most valiant capteins &amp; hardie souldiers) whom
+king Henrie hath aduanced, and this man hath brought vnder foot; whom he
+made wealthie, and this man hath impouerished; vpon trust of your worthy
+valiancie, yea rather vpon trust of Gods iustice seeke your reuenge thus
+offered by God vpon these wicked wretches, &amp; with manlie stomachs vow to
+go forward, &amp; forswere stepping back." When the earle had made an end,
+all the armie (lifting vp their hands to Gods) abiured all intention to
+fl&eacute;e, and so made themselues readie to set forward.</p>
+
+<p>King Stephan hauing no pleasant voice of himselfe, appointed earle
+Baldwin to giue an exhortation to his armie, wherevpon getting himselfe
+<span class="rightnote">Earle Baldwin his oration on the behalfe of king Stephan.</span>
+to an high place where he might be seene &amp; heard of them, he thus began.
+"All such as shall giue battell, ought to fores&eacute;e thr&eacute;e things: first,
+that their cause be righteous: secondlie, the number of their men to be
+equall at the least: and thirdlie, the goodnesse and sufficiencie of them. The
+<a name="Page_90" id="Page_90" ></a><span class="pagenum">[90]</span>
+<span class="rightnote">Thr&eacute;e things to be fores&eacute;ene by them that shall giue
+battell.</span>
+righteousnes of their cause ought to be regarded, least men
+runne in danger of the soule; the number of men is to be respected,
+least they should be oppressed with multitude of enimies; and the
+goodnesse of the soldiers is to be considered, least trusting in the
+multitude, they should presume vpon the aid of feeble persons, &amp; such as
+are of small valure. In all these points we see our selues sufficientlie
+furnished. The iustice of our cause is this: that obseruing the thing
+which we vowed to our king before God, we stand to the same against
+those that haue falsified their faith, euen to the perill of death. Our
+number is not much lesse in horssemen, and in footmen we exc&eacute;ed them. As
+for the goodnesse or sufficiencie of our men, who is able to expresse
+the noble prowesse of so manie earles, of so manie lords and soldiers,
+trained vp euer in warres: The passing valiancie of our king may stand
+in place of innumerable souldiers. Sith then he being the lords
+annointed, is here amongst you, vnto whom ye haue vowed allegiance,
+performe your vow. For the more earnestly and faithfully ye serue your
+prince in this battell, which you are readie to fight against periured
+persons, the more shall your reward be at the hands of God and him.
+Therfore be of good comfort, &amp; haue in remembrance against whom
+<span class="rightnote">Erle Robert.</span>
+you doo darraine the battell. The force of erle Robert is well knowne,
+his maner is to threaten much, &amp; to worke little, furious in words,
+<span class="rightnote">The earle of Chester.</span>
+eloquent of speach, but cold or rather dead harted in d&eacute;eds. The earle
+of Chester what is he? A man of vnreasonable boldnesse, bent to
+conspiracie, inconstant to performe that which he rashlie taketh in
+hand, readie to run into batell, vncircumspect in danger, practising
+things of great importance, s&eacute;eking after things vnpossible, bringing
+with him few good soldiers, but gathering a vagrant rout of rascals.
+There is nothing in him that we ought to be afraid of, for looke
+whatsoeuer he attempteth manfullie, the same he giueth ouer womanlie, in
+all his dooings vnfortunate, in all encounters either he is ouercome and
+fl&eacute;eth awaie, or if he get the vpper hand (which seldome times chanceth)
+he susteineth greater losse than they whom he dooth vanquish.</p>
+
+<p>"The Welshmen, whom he bringeth with him are little est&eacute;emed of vs, who
+pretend a naked rashnesse without any vse of armor, so that as men
+without any knowledge of martiall policie, they fall as brute beasts
+vpon the hunters iaueline. The other, as well the nobles as the common
+souldiers are but runnagates and vagabounds; of whom I would wish the
+number greater than it is: for the more they be, the woorse in effect
+their seruice shall prooue in time of need. You therefore (most worthie
+cheefetaines) you men of honor, it standeth you vpon to haue in regard
+your vertue and dignities. This day aduance your renowme, and follow the
+foresteps of your famous ancestors, leaue to your sonnes an euerlasting
+<span class="rightnote">Continuall good successe a prouocation of boldnesse.</span>
+commendation. The continuall successe of victorie ought to be a
+prouocation vnto you to doo manfullie: the continuance of euil speed may
+be to yonder side an occasion to run away. For euen alreadie (I dare
+say) they repent them of their comming hither, and could be contented to
+be gone, if the nature of the place would suffer them to depart. Then
+sith it is not possible for them either to fight or to fl&eacute;e, what other
+thing can they doo, but (as appointed by Gods ordinance) offer
+themselues and all they haue about them presentlie vnto vs. Y&eacute;e s&eacute;e then
+their horsses, their armour, and their bodies readie here at your
+pleasure, lift vp your hearts therefore, and reach your hands to take
+that with great chearefulnesse of mind, which the Lord hath thus offered
+and freelie presented vnto you."</p>
+
+<p>Now yer he had all made an end of his words, the batels were readie to
+ioine, they met with great noise of trumpets and other instruments, and
+the fight began with a verie sore and cruell slaughter. Hard it was in
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> <i>Hen.&nbsp;Hunt.</i></span>
+the beginning to gesse who should haue the better. The wing of the
+disherited men ouerthrew and bare downe their aduersaries, which were
+led by the duke of Britain, and the forenamed earles. On the contrarie
+part, the earle of Albemarle and William de Ypres put the Welshmen to
+flight, but by the earle of Chester and his retinue, the same earle and
+William de Ypres were fiercelie assailed afresh, and put out of order.
+Thus was the kings side put to the worse, namelie
+<a name="Page_91" id="Page_91" ></a><span class="pagenum">[91]</span>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>W.&nbsp;Paru.</i> <i>Hen.&nbsp;Hunt.</i></span>
+his horssemen, who
+being placed in the forefront, and there ouermatched, fell to galoping.
+Which thing when the king beheld, he was not yet any whit therewith
+abashed, but like an hardie captein (as he was no lesse ind&eacute;ed)
+comforted his footmen whom he had about him, and rushing vpon his
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span>
+enimies, bare them down, and ouerthrew so manie as stood before him, so
+that with the point of his weapon he made himselfe waie. His footmen,
+who were but a few in number to the multitude of his enimies,
+counteruailed in all points the prowes and manlike dooings of their king
+and capteine, insomuch that few battels had beene better fought, nor
+with greater slaughter on both sides, if the kings fore ward (which in
+maner at the first shranke backe and was disordered, not without some
+supicion of treason) had staied the brunt of the enimies a while, as it
+had b&eacute;ene requisite. At length the king encountring with the earle of
+Chester, being ouercharged with multitude, was taken prisoner by one
+William de Cahames.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i> <i>Hen.&nbsp;Hunt.</i></span>
+Earle Baldwine, who had made the oration in the kings behalfe, was also
+taken, after he had fought valiantlie and receiued manie sore wounds:
+likewise Richard Fitzvrse, who on that daie had shewed good proofe of
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+his manhood, and had giuen and received manie a sore stripe. To
+conclude, all those that abode with the king, and namelie all
+<span class="rightnote"><i>W.&nbsp;Paru.</i></span>
+the footmen were taken prisoners, those which were slaine in the place
+excepted. This battell was fought in the sixt yeare of king Stephans
+reigne, vpon Candlemas daie, being sundaie, as Niger saith.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> The king led to Bristow.</span>
+The king being apprehended and brought to the empresse lieng at
+Glocester, was commanded by hir to be conueied in safetie vnto Bristow,
+where he was kept as prisoner from that time of his taking, vntill the
+<span class="rightnote"><i>W.&nbsp;Paru.</i></span>
+feast of All saints next ensuing. Not long after this field fought, as
+ye haue heard, Geffrey earle of Aniou husband to the empresse, receiuing
+aduertisement of this victorie atchiued in England, foorthwith inuaded
+Normandie, inducing all the Nobles of the countrie to incline vnto him:
+for by publishing the captiuitie of king Stephan, it was easie for him
+to come by the possession of the same.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The king of Scots taketh Northumberland into his possession.<br />
+<i>Polydor.</i> <br />
+The empresse foloweth the victorie.</span>
+Moreouer, Dauid king of Scotland entred into Northumberland, and by
+commandement of the empresse tooke the countrie into his hands, whilest
+she (like a woman of great wisedome, as she was no lesse ind&eacute;ed) iudging
+that it stood hir vpon to vse the victorie which fell to hir lot, slept
+not hir businesse, but went forward, and setting from Glocester, she
+came to Winchester, where she was honorablie receiued of bishop Henrie,
+though he was king Stephans brother, and inwardlie lamented the
+misfortune of the king. Then came she backe againe to Wilton, and so to
+Oxenford, from thence to Reading, and then to S. Albons, into all which
+cities and townes she was receiued with great triumph and honour.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Sh&eacute;e c&#333;meth to London.</span>
+Hauing thus passed through all the south parts of the realme on that
+side, she finallie came to London, where the citizens welcomed hir in
+most ioifull and hartie maner. Now being come to London, and consulting
+with those of hir councell for the quieting of the whole state of the
+<span class="rightnote">The qu&eacute;ene sueth to the empresse for the deliuerie of hir
+husband.</span>
+realme, queene Maud wife to king Stephan (for so she was also called)
+made humble suit vnto hir to haue hir husband set at libertie, promising
+that he should resigne his whole claime and title into hir hands, and
+content himselfe with a priuate life. But hir suit was so farre off from
+being granted, that she was reiected and cast off with reprochfull
+words. Wherevpon she conceiued a most high displeasure, and vnderstood
+well inough; that peace was to be purchased by force of armes onelie,
+and not by any other meanes: insomuch that with all diligence she sent
+to hir sonne Eustace (then being in Kent) &amp; willed him to prepare an
+armie, which he did most sp&eacute;edilie.</p>
+
+<p>It chanced at the same time that the citizens of London made great and
+laborious suit vnto the said empresse, that they might haue the lawes of
+king Edward the Confessour restored, and the straight lawes of hir
+father king Henrie abolished. But for so much as they could get no grant
+<span class="rightnote">The Londoners conspire to take the empresse.</span>
+of their petition, and perceiued the empresse to be displeased with them
+about that importunat request, wherein onelie she ouershot hir selfe,
+they
+<a name="Page_92" id="Page_92" ></a><span class="pagenum">[92]</span>
+deuised how and by what meanes they might take hir prisoner,
+knowing that all the Kentishmen would helpe to strengthen<a name="FNanchor_4_3" id="FNanchor_4_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> them in their
+enterprise. But reckoning with hir selfe that
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left:3em;">Nil poterit propera tutius esse fuga,<br /></span>
+
+<span class="rightnote">Sh&eacute;e fled in the night time out of the citie.</span>
+And being warned thereof, she fled by night out of the citie, and went
+to Oxenford, determining to be reuenged vpon hir aduersaries when time
+should serue hir turne. Herewith she began to wax more displeased both
+against those Nobles whom she kept in prison, &amp; other also whom she
+troubled, but namelie king Stephan, whom she commanded to be loden with
+yrons, and serued with verie slender diet.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>N.&nbsp;Triuet.</i></span>
+Now when she had thus fled out of London, which was about the feast of
+the natiuitie of S. John Baptist, the tower of London was besieged,
+<span class="rightnote">Geffrey de Mandeuile.</span>
+which Geffrey de Mandeuile held, and valiantlie defended. The same
+Geffrey rushing out on a time, came to Fulham, where he tooke the bishop
+<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Lond&#333; taken.</span>
+of London then lodging in his manor place, being one of the contrarie
+faction.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span>
+Henrie bishop of Winchester perceiuing the wrath of the empresse more
+and more to increase dailie against hir people, thinking it wisedome to
+serue the time, manned all the castels which he had builded within his
+<span class="rightnote">Castells fortified by the bishop of Winchester.</span>
+dioces; as at Waltham, Farnham, and other places and withdrew himselfe
+into the castell of Winchester, there to remaine, till he might s&eacute;e to
+what end the furie of the woman would grow. This being knowne, the
+empresse tooke vnto hir Dauid king of Scotland that was hir vncle, who
+immediatlie ioining their armies togither, went to Winchester and
+besieged the castell. In the meane time the qu&eacute;ene and hir sonne
+Eustace, with the helpe of their freends, as the Kentishmen, the
+Londoners and other had assembled a great armie, and appointed the
+<span class="rightnote">William de Ypresse. <i>Ia.&nbsp;Meir.</i></span>
+gouernement and generall conduct thereof vnto one William of Ypres a
+Fleming, who for his valiancie was by king Stephan created earle of
+Kent: he was sonne to Philip of Flanders, begotten of a concubine, his
+father also was sonne to Robert earle of Flanders, surnamed Frisius.
+This William was banished out of his countrie by Theodorike Elsas earle
+of Flanders, bicause he attempted to bereaue him of his earledome.</p>
+
+<p>The qu&eacute;enes armie thus committed to his guiding, came n&eacute;ere vnto
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Malm.</i> In nouella historia. <i>N.&nbsp;Triuet.</i> <i>Sim.&nbsp;Dun.</i>
+<i>Polydor.</i> The empresse armie put to flight. <i>Wil.&nbsp;Malm.</i> Robert earle
+of Glocester taken prisoner. <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+Winchester, and kept the empresse and hir people in maner besieged: at
+length perceiuing the aduantage after the comming of a great supplie of
+Londoners to their aid, they set vpon hir armie as the same was
+departing, with such violence, that straightwaies hir host was put to
+flight and discomfited. The empresse was glad to faine hir selfe dead,
+and so to be conueied in a coch as a dead corps vnto Glocester. Hir
+brother Robert with manie other of the Nobles that staied behind, till
+she and other might get out of danger, were taken prisoners. And bicause
+the king was kept at Bristow vnder the custodie of the said Robert, the
+queene caused him to be hardlie handled, that he might prooue the words
+of the gospell true: "With what measure y&eacute;e meat vnto other, with the
+same by other shall it be remeasured vnto you." He had deserued verie
+euill of the king heretofore, and therefore it was now remembred. He was
+taken (in maner abouesaid) on the feast day of the exaltation of the
+crosse.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i> <i>N.&nbsp;Triuet.</i><br />
+Dauid king of Scots retired home.<br />
+<i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i> <i>R.&nbsp;Houe.</i> <br />
+Alberike de U&eacute;er slaine. <br />
+<i>Wil.&nbsp;Malm.</i>
+<i>Polydor.</i></span>
+Dauid king of Scotland was not at the battell himselfe, but hearing of
+the discomfiture, got him out of the countrie, and by helpe of trustie
+guides returned into Scotland, whilest Alberike de U&eacute;er was slaine at
+London in a seditious tumult raised by the citizens. The kingdome being
+thus diuided into two seueral factions, was by all similitudes like to
+come to vtter ruine: for the people kindled in hatred one against
+another, sought nothing else but reuenge on both sides, and still the
+land was spoiled and wasted by the men of warre which lodged within the
+castels and fortresses, and would often issue out to harrie and spoile
+the countries. But now that the two cheefest heads were prisoners, there
+was good hope conceiued that God had so wrought it, whereby might grow
+some ouerture of talke, to quiet such troubles by fr&eacute;endlie peace and
+agreement.</p>
+
+<p>Herevpon those lords that wished well to the common-wealth, began to
+intreate betwixt <a name="Page_93" id="Page_93" ></a><span class="pagenum">[93]</span>
+them, and articles were propounded for a concord to be
+had, and an exchange of prisoners on both sides. But the empresse and
+hir brother would not hearken to any agr&eacute;ement, except that the realme
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Geruasius&nbsp;Dorober.</i> The king and the earle of Glocester
+deliuered by exchange.</span>
+might wholie remaine to the said empresse. Whereby the enimies were
+rather increased than decreased by his treatie, so that at length the
+king and the earle (weried with tedious yrksomnesse of yrons and hard
+imprisonment, and putting all their hope in the chance of war) about the
+feast of All saints made by deliuering of the one for the other, without
+making mention of any peace at all: and so kindled with new
+displeasures, they renewed the warre.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;7. <br />
+1142.</span>
+King Stephan being deliuered in such wise as you haue heard, comming to
+London, and there being accompanied with his brother Henrie bishop of
+Winchester (then the popes legat) Theobald archbishop of Canturburie,
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Geruasius&nbsp;Dorobernensis.</i> A parlement called.</span>
+and others, he called a parlement, wherein the king declared the present
+state, how the enimie was brought to this point, that if it would please
+the Nobles of the realme to mainteine him with men &amp; monie, he trusted
+now so to worke, as they should not need to feare submission to the yoke
+of a womans gouernment: which at the first they seemed much to mislike,
+and now sithens (to their great gr&eacute;efe) had prooued to be intollerable.
+The summe of his talke tended to this end, that those which were able of
+themselues to aid him with their owne persons, should prepare them out
+of hand so to doo; and the residue that were not meet (as bishops, and
+such like maner of men) should be contributors to aid him with hired
+souldiers, armour, and monie.</p>
+
+<p>This was gladlie agr&eacute;ed vpon, with the generall consent of all the
+assemblie. And bicause the bishops shewed themselues verie liberall
+towards the aduancing of the kings purpose, there was a statute made at
+the same parlement, that who so euer did laie any violent hands on a
+<span class="rightnote">A statute established in fauour of pr&eacute;ests.</span>
+sacred person, or else tooke vpon him to apprehend any of them, for what
+fault soeuer, without the bishops licence, he should be accursed, and
+not be assoiled of any maner of person, except of the pope, as by a
+canon it was alreadie decr&eacute;ed but not obeied among the Englishmen till
+that daie. &para;&nbsp;The cause of making this statute was ch&eacute;eflie, for that
+preests during the time of the ciuill wars, were dailie either slaine,
+or taken prisoners, and so put to their ransoms, or charged with great
+penalties and gr&eacute;euous fines.</p>
+
+<p>The bishop of Winchester at this councell also began an other brall
+among the cleargie, for being brother to king Stephan, &amp; armed with the
+popes authoritie as his legat in England, by reason of exercising his
+authoritie, fell at variance with the bishop of Canturburie, who tooke
+himselfe for his superior, bicause he was his primat. This quarell grew
+so far in question, that they went both to Rome to haue the controuersie
+decided, and so bringing their sutes thither, contented well the eares
+of them that had the hearing of the same: for the more weightie the
+cause seemed, the better it liked them.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Paul. Lang. in Chron. citizen. pag. 760.</span>
+&para;&nbsp;A late writer, noting in clergiemen of his age &amp; countrie not onelie
+the aspiring vice of ambition, but other disorders also, and monstrous
+outrages, after a complaint made that gold (by which title he calleth
+those of the ecclesiasticall order) is turned into drosse, and sw&eacute;et
+wine become tart vineger, concludeth with the illation of the cause
+hereof comprised in this metricall accouplement, saieng:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Dum factor rerum priuaret flamine clerum,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ad satan&aelig; volum successit turba nepotum.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Which he inferred vpon occasion against the preposterous elections of
+vnmeet men into episcopall s&eacute;es, for that they were not so qualified as
+the dignitie of the place required; otherwise peraduenture enabled with
+competent knowledge and learning. And suerlie, we may note these
+inordinate affections from the beginning of this our chronicle in the
+best (I meane in respect of their estates) of this liuerie, and may
+iustlie impute it to the defection of Gods spirit in them, whose nature
+is to plant peace and m&eacute;ekenesse in the harts of his tenants, not
+discord, not ambition, not the works of darknesse, which bes&eacute;eme not the
+children of light. But to the purpose.</p>
+
+<p>
+<a name="Page_94" id="Page_94" ></a><span class="pagenum">[94]</span>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> Earle Robert passeth ouer into Normandie.</span>
+As the king began (after his libertie obteined) to prouide for warres,
+so earle Robert (after he was discharged) sailed ouer into Normandie,
+taking with him the sonnes of diuerse Noble men who fauored the
+empresse, whome he deliuered to hir husband the earle of Aniou to be
+kept as pledges, &amp; earnestlie besought him to passe ouer into England
+with an armie to aid the empresse. Howbeit bicause he was newlie intred
+<span class="rightnote">Normandie woone by the earle of Aniou.</span>
+into the conquest of Normandie, and had alreadie won the most part
+thereof, he thought good to make first an end of his warres there,
+hauing somewhat to doo against certeine rebels of his owne countie of
+Aniou, which did not a little molest him. But he recouered (whilest the
+earle of Glocester was there with him) Alney, Mortaigne, Tenerchbray,
+and diuerse other places perteining chieflie to the earle of Mortaigne:
+about the same time also they of Constances submitted themselues vnto
+him. Thus the earle of Aniou being occupied in those parties, could not
+well come into England.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Malm.</i> Earle of Glocester returneth.<br /><i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i>
+</span>
+Wherevpon the earle of Glocester came backe againe himselfe, and
+bringing with him somewhat lesse than foure hundred men of armes
+(imbarked in 52. ships) landed with the same at Warrham, and besieged
+the castell there, which his enimies had won out of his hands whilest he
+was absent in Normandie. In the end they that were within it (vnder the
+gouernment of Herebert de Lucy) fell to agreement by composition, that
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Malm.</i></span>
+if they were not succoured by a certeine time, they should deliuer the
+castell vnto the earle. King Stephan himselfe the same time held a siege
+before Oxford, within the which he had inclosed the empresse, as
+hereafter shall be shewed: so that they within the castell of Warrham
+had no succour sent vnto them, and therefore (according to the articles
+of their composition) they yeelded vp the hold, after erle Robert had
+lien three w&eacute;ekes before it.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The ile of Portland. Circester.</span>
+This castell being thus woone, earle Robert subdued also such as kept
+the ile of Portland, and had fensed it after the maner of a fortresse:
+afterwards he came to Circester, and there assembled all those that
+fauoured the part of the empresse, meaning with all conuenient sp&eacute;ed to
+go to Oxford, &amp; there to giue battell to king Stephan, if he would abide
+it. Who after his deliuerance from captiuitie, had assembled a great
+<span class="rightnote">The empresse besieged in Oxford.</span>
+host of men, and comming to Oxford, where the empresse then laie,
+suddenlie besieged hir, before she looked for him. And to the end also
+that he might compell the townsmen to yeeld, or else k&eacute;epe them from
+entring which would come to their succors, he ranged abroad into the
+countrie with part of his armie, wasting all afore him by fire &amp; sword.
+This siege continued almost two moneths, in maner from his deliuerie in
+the beginning of Nouember, vntill Christmasse immediatlie following: in
+somuch that through lacke of vittels they within the towne began to
+raise mutinies. The empresse therefore doubting the sequele, and s&eacute;eing
+hir prouision to decaie, deuised a shift how to escape that present
+danger, which by force she was vnlikelie to performe.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>N.&nbsp;Triuet.</i> <i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i> <i>Wil.&nbsp;Paru.</i> <i>Ran.&nbsp;Higd.</i>
+<i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> The empresse escapeth out of Oxford. <i>Polydor.</i>
+<i>Wil.&nbsp;Malm.</i> <i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i> <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i>
+Brian sonne to the earle of Glocester.</span>
+It was a verie hard winter that yeare, the Thames and other riuers
+thereabouts were frosen, so that both man and horsse might safelie passe
+oner vpon the yce, the fields were also couered with a thicke and d&eacute;epe
+snow. Herevpon taking occasion, she clad hir selfe and all hir companie
+in white apparell, that a far off they might not be discerned from the
+snow; and so by negligence of the watch that kept ward but slenderlie,
+by reason of the exc&eacute;eding cold weather, she and hir partakers secretlie
+in the night issued out of the towne, and passing ouer the Thames, came
+to Walingford, where she was receiued into the castell by those that had
+the same in k&eacute;eping to hir vse: of whom Brian the sonne to the erle of
+Glocester was the chiefe.</p>
+
+<p>&para;&nbsp;Here we may see the subtiltie of the empresse, whereby she obteined
+fr&eacute;e and safe passage out of hir enimies hands, who otherwise had taken
+hir in their net. So that it will be true, that hath neuer b&eacute;ene false,
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Aeneas&nbsp;Syluius.</i></span>
+which &AElig;neas Syluius (and before him many more driuing vpon the like
+argument) dooth saie in this distichon:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Non audet stygius Pluto tentare, quod audent<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Effr&aelig;nis monachus plen&aacute;que fraudis illa,<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>
+<a name="Page_95" id="Page_95" ></a><span class="pagenum">[95]</span>
+Meaning Mulier, a woman. And therefore looke what they want in
+magnanimitie, in strength, in courage, the same is supplied by deceit,
+by circumuention, by craft, by fraud, by collusion; sometimes applied to
+a good intent, but most commonlie directed to an euil meaning and
+purpose, as the euents themselues doo manie times declare. But let vs
+s&eacute;e what followed vpon this escape of the empresse.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> <i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i> <i>N.&nbsp;Triuet.</i></span>
+After hir departure from Oxford, the townesmen yeelded vnto the king,
+who hauing taken order for the k&eacute;eping of them in obedience, marched
+toward Walingford, minding to besiege the castell there: but being
+encountred in the way by his enimies, he was driuen backe, and so
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;8. <br />
+1143</span>
+constreined to turne another waie. Earle Robert hearing that his sister
+was escaped and gotten to Wallingford, hasted thither with all sp&eacute;ed to
+<span class="rightnote">The empress hir sonne lord Henrie.</span>
+visit hir: &amp; (as some write) brought with him hir sonne the lord Henrie
+that was come with him from beyond the seas, to s&eacute;e his mother: so that
+the empresse now beholding both hir sonne and brother, receiued them
+with all the ioy and honour that she could or might presentlie make
+them. Hir son remaining vnder the gouernement of earle Robert, was then
+appointed by him to abide within the citie of Bristow, &amp; there continued
+for the space of 4. y&eacute;eres, being committed to one Matthew his
+schoolemaister, to be instructed in knowledge, and trained vp in ciuill
+behauiour.</p>
+
+<p>King Stephan (after the spoiling of sundrie churches, the robbing and
+burning of manie townes and villages by the hands of his hired
+souldiers, who for the more part were Flemings) came at length with his
+<span class="rightnote">The king commeth to Wilton.</span>
+brother the bishop of Winchester stronglie armed vnto Wilton, where he
+tooke in hand to fortifie the nunrie in steed of a castell, to resist
+the incursions and inrodes of them of Salisburie, who in the behalfe of
+the empresse had doone manie displeasures vnto his fr&eacute;ends: but earle
+Robert vnderstanding of his dooings, got a power togither with all
+speed, and the first daie of Julie about sunne setting came to Wilton,
+and suddenlie set the towne on fire.</p>
+
+<p>The king being lodged within the nunrie, and fearing no such matter,
+after he heard of the sudden assemblie of his enimies, was put in such
+feare, that he tooke himselfe dishonourablie to flight, leaning his men,
+his plate, and other riches altogither behind him. The earles souldiers
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Par.</i> <i>Sim.&nbsp;Dun.</i> <i>M.&nbsp;Triuet.</i> <i>Matt.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+egerlie assailed the kings people, killed and spoiled them at their
+pleasure, rifled the kings treasurie without resistance, and satisfied
+themselues with greedines. In this broile was William Marcell or Martell
+taken prisoner by earle Roberts men, &amp; led to the castell of
+Wallingford, where Brian the earle of Glocesters sonne hauing charge of
+that castell, kept him in close prison, and vsed him hardlie, who by
+reason of the opinion which men had conceiued of his valiancie, could
+not be deliuered, till he had paid 300. marks for his ransome, and
+deliuered the castell of Shirborne into the earles hands. Within a few
+<span class="rightnote">Miles earle of Hereford deceased.</span>
+daies after, Miles earle of Hereford departed this life, whose death was
+verie gr&eacute;euouslie taken of the empresse, for he was one of hir ch&eacute;efe
+fr&eacute;ends and councellers. His eldest sonne Roger succ&eacute;eded him, a
+gentleman though yoong in yeares, yet valiant and forward in feats of
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i> The earle of Essex taken.</span>
+armes. William Mandeuile earle of Essex, an ancient capteine, &amp; an
+expert warriour (who had serued the empresse, was taken also at S.
+Albons) but not without great slaughter of the kings souldiers: in so
+<span class="rightnote">The earle of Arundell.</span>
+much that among other, the erle of Arundell mounted on a couragious
+palfrie &amp; a verie valiant man was ouerthrowen the middest of a water
+called Haliwell, by a knight named Walkeline de Orcaie, so that same
+earle was sore bruised in his bodie, and almost drowned. The king was
+<span class="rightnote"><i>N.&nbsp;Triuet.</i> <i>Wil.&nbsp;Paru.</i></span>
+present himselfe at the taking of the said Mandeuile, whom he spoiled of
+all his goods, and constreined by way of redemption of his libertie, to
+deliuer into the kings hands the Tower of London, the castell of Walden,
+and Pleshey. Here vpon the same earle being released was driuen through
+pouertie to seeke some recouerie of his losses by sundrie spoiles and
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;9. <br />
+1144.</span>
+roberies. First of all therefore he spoiled the abbeie of S. Albons, and
+then the abbeie of Ramsey, which he fortified and defended as a
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Hen.&nbsp;Hunt.</i></span>
+fortresse, casting the moonks out of doores, and in euerie place where
+soeuer he came, he robbed the countrie before him, till at length in the
+midst of his reuenge and malicious dooings, he was shot thorough with an
+<a name="Page_96" id="Page_96" ></a><span class="pagenum">[96]</span>
+arrow amongst his men by a sillie footman, and so ended his life with
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Sim.&nbsp;Dunel.</i> <i>Iohn&nbsp;Pike.</i> <i>Matth.&nbsp;West.</i> <i>N.&nbsp;Triuet.</i></span>
+confusion, receiuing worthie punishment for his vngodlie behauiour. For
+he was a man of high stomach &amp; loftie courage, but verie obstinate
+against God, of great industrie in worldlie businesse, but passing
+negligent towards his maker, as writers report of him.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Malm.</i> <i>Wil.&nbsp;Paru.</i></span>
+Likewise Robert Marmion, who had attempted the semblable robberie &amp;
+spoile in the abbeie church of Couentrie, was slain before the same
+abbeie by a like mischance. For going foorth to encounter with the earle
+of Chester (his mortall enimie, and being approched as then towards the
+citie) he fell with his horsse into a ditch, which he caused to be
+couertlie made for the destruction of his enimies: and before he could
+be relieued, a souldier of the earles part stept to him, and stroke his
+head from his shoulders in sight of both armies. Ernulfus the sonne of
+earle Geffrey Mandeuile that kept the church of Ramsey as a fortresse,
+after his fathers death, was taken at length and banished.</p>
+
+<p>&para;&nbsp;Thus we see how Gods iudgement hunteth and pursueth the wicked, in
+somuch that they be ouertaken in their owne imaginations: according to
+that of the scripture, "The wicked and bloudthirstie man shall not liue
+halfe his daies." And true it is, that as men liue, so commonlie they
+die: for, as one saith verie well:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="rightnote">M. Pal. in suo scor.</span>
+<span class="i6">&mdash;&mdash; bona nulla scelestis<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Et iustis mala nulla quidem contingere possunt.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>About the same time aduertisement was giuen, that the citie of Lincolne,
+which the earle of Chester had in keeping, was but slenderlie manned.
+Wherevpon the king conceiuing some hope to win the same, hasted forward:
+<span class="rightnote">Lincolne besieged.</span>
+and comming thither in the night, laid siege therevnto, and began to
+cast a trench to stop them within fr&#333; making any salies without.</p>
+
+<p>The earle at the first being somewhat amazed with the sudden approch of
+the enimie, yet beholding from the walles the maner of them without, he
+perceiued the rankes to be verie thin: and thereby gessing their number
+<span class="rightnote">The siege raised.</span>
+to be but small, suddenlie issued foorth at the gates to encounter with
+them. The king abode not the giuing of the charge, bicause he was but
+weake and therefore fled; neither could the earle follow the chace
+conuenientlie, for the like cause; but setting vpon those that were
+<span class="rightnote"><i>N.&nbsp;Triuet.</i></span>
+about to make the trench, he slue 80. of the workmen, and then retired
+into the castell.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">A child crucified by the Jewes.</span>
+This yeare was an heinous act committed by the Jewes at Norwich, where
+they put a child to death, in crucifieng him vpon a crosse to the
+reproch of Christian religion.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> <i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i><br />
+A castell built at Faringdon.<br />
+<i>Hen.&nbsp;Hunt.</i><br />
+The king winneth it by force.</span>
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;10. <br />
+1145.</span>
+In the yeare following; namelie, in the 10. yeare of king Stephans
+reigne, Robert earle of Glocester and other capteins took in hand to
+build a castell at Faringdon. But King Stephan assembling an armie of
+Londoners and other, came thither, and besieged them within. Now whilest
+earle Robert and others of the empresses capteins remaining not far off,
+taried for a greater power to come to their aid, the king with sharpe
+assaults (but not without losse of his men) wan the fortresse: whereby
+his side began to wax the stronger, and to be more highlie aduanced.
+After this he came with a mightie armie vnto Wallingford, and there
+builded a strong castell ouer against the other castell which his
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;11. <br />
+1146.</span>
+aduersaries held against him.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ran.&nbsp;Higd.</i> <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> <i>N.&nbsp;Triuet.</i> <i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i></span>
+Thither also came the earle of Chester with a great traine of knights
+and gentlemen vnto the king, and so at length they were not vnfeignedlie
+accorded and made freends, but in apperance on the kings behalfe. For
+shortlie after, the earle was craftilie taken at a parlement holden at
+Northampton, by the practise of K. Stephan, and could not be deliuered
+till he had surrendred the citie and castell of Lincolne, with other
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ran.&nbsp;Higd.</i> The welshmen waste Cheshire. <i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i></span>
+fortresses perteining to the crowne into the kings hands. About that
+time did the Welshmen destroie the prouince of Chester, but at last they
+were distressed. This yeare also the loard Geffrey earle of Aniou sent
+thr&eacute;e Noble men into England, accompanied with certeine men of warre,
+vnto earle Robert, requesting him to send ouer his sonne Henrie into
+France, that he might s&eacute;e him, and if need required, he promised to send
+him backe againe with all conuenient speed. Earle Robert was contented
+to satisfie his
+<a name="Page_97" id="Page_97" ></a><span class="pagenum">[97]</span>
+request: and so with a good power of armed men brought
+the lord Henrie vnto Warham, where he tooke leaue of him, neuer after to
+<span class="rightnote">The earle of Glocester departeth this life.</span>
+s&eacute;e him in this world. For when the child was transported, earle Robert
+returned sp&eacute;edilie to the parties from whence he came, and there falling
+into an ague, departed this life about the beginning of Nouember, and
+was buried at Bristow. The lord Henrie comming to his father, was
+ioifully receiued, and remained in those parties for the space of two
+yeares and foure moneths.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;12. <br />
+1147.</span>
+In the meane season, the vniust proc&eacute;edings of K. Stephan against the
+earle of Chester, purchased him new hatred of his old aduersaries, and
+like supicion of such as were his freends, for it sounded not a little
+to his dishonor. Euerie man therefore was in doubt of his dealing, and
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i> K. Stephen entreth into Lincolne with his crowne
+on his head.</span>
+iudged that it stood them vpon to take h&eacute;ed to themselues. But he (as
+one that thought he had atchiued some high exploit) in triumphant wise
+shortlie after entred into Lincolne in his roiall robes, and his crowne
+on his head, whereas it had not b&eacute;ene heard that any king had doone the
+like manie yeares before.</p>
+
+<p>&para;&nbsp;It is reported by some writers, that he did this, to root out of mens
+minds a foolish superstitious conceit, which bel&eacute;eued that no king with
+his crowne vpon his head might enter that citie, but some mischance
+should light vpon him: wherevpon he seemed by this meanes to mocke their
+superstitious imagination.</p>
+
+<p>About the same time manie of the Nobles of the realme (perceiuing the
+kings authoritie to represse violent wrongs committed by euill dooers to
+be defectiue) builded sundrie strong castels and fortresses vpon their
+owne grounds, either to defend themselues, or to make force vpon their
+enimies n&eacute;ere adioining. After the departing of the king from Lincolne,
+the earle of Chester came thither with an armie, to assaie if he might
+recouer that citie. But his lieutenant that had the leading of his men,
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i></span>
+was slaine at the entring of the northgate, and so the erle was beaten
+backe with the losse of manie of his men: and the citizens hauing got
+the vpper hand, reioised not a little for the victorie.</p>
+
+<p>But here (to staie a litle with temporall affaires) it shall not be
+amisse to rehearse the effect of a contention, which fell about this
+time betw&eacute;ene that king and the archbishop of Canturburie. For so it
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i></span>
+happened (as Geruasius Dorobernensis writeth) that pope Eugenius came
+this yere into France, about the middest of Lent, and afterward held a
+synod or councell at Rhemes: wherevnto Theobald archbishop of
+Canturburie, with others of the English bishops were summoned. The
+archbishop therevpon asking licence of the king, &amp; not obteining it,
+found meanes to steale awaie in a small bote, not without danger of his
+person.</p>
+
+<p>Now therefore the case of this Theobald stood verie hard: for Henrie
+bishop of Winchester the kings brother through enuie had so wrought,
+that if the archbishop passed ouer without licence, he should be
+confined of the king. Againe, he was sure, if he came not to the
+councell, that he should be suspended by the pope. Herevpon the
+archbishop meaning rather to offend the king than the pope, got ouer, as
+it were swimming, rather than sailing; the vessell wherein he passed
+ouer being starke naught: for all the ports were kept by the kings
+seruants, so that he was glad to take such a bote as came next to hand.
+In consideration whereof he was highlie commended by the pope.</p>
+
+<p>In this councell the prebendaries of Yorke, togither with Henrie Mordach
+then abbat of Fountney, presented themselues, exhibiting their complaint
+against William archbishop of Yorke, for that (as they alledged) he was
+neither canonicallie chosen, nor lawfullie consecrated, but intruded by
+the kings authoritie. At length archbishop William was conuicted and
+deposed, Albert bishop of Hostia pronouncing sentence in this wise: "We
+doo decr&eacute;e by the apostolike authoritie, that William archbishop of
+Yorke is to be deposed from his s&eacute;e, bicause Stephan king of England,
+before any canonicall election, named him."</p>
+
+<p>Then, for that pope Eugenius had thus deposed archbishop William,
+although not with
+<a name="Page_98" id="Page_98" ></a><span class="pagenum">[98]</span>
+the consent of the more part of the cardinals, the
+chapiter of the church of Yorke, by his commandement comming togither,
+part of them chose Hilarie bishop of Chichester, and the other part
+elected Henrie Mordach abbat of Fountney. Now pope Eugenius, when both
+elections were shewed him at Auxerre, confirmed the election of Henrie
+Mordach, and disanulled the other, and then consecrated the foresaid
+Henrie with his owne hands. The late nominated archbishop William being
+thus deposed, returned into England, and remained at Winchester with
+king Henrie till the death of pope Eugenius, following the counsell of
+the same bishop in all things.</p>
+
+<p>Now when the councell at Rhemes was ended, archbishop Theobald returned
+into England, and comming to Canturburie, was receiued with great honor,
+of the couent and citizens there. But the king remaining then at London,
+when he heard of it, was sore displeased, and came with great sp&eacute;ede
+vnto Canturburie, where much conference being had betwixt him and the
+archbishop (although to small purpose) for the bringing of them to an
+agr&eacute;ement, at length the king compelled the archbishop to depart the
+realme. Wherevpon, after a few daies respit, he went to Douer, where he
+tooke ship and sailed into France. But within a while he was called
+backe by the qu&eacute;ene and William of Ypres, vnto S. Omers, that they might
+the sooner aduertise him of the kings mind and pleasure. Here he
+consecrated Gilbert the elect bishop of Hereford, the fift daie of
+September, Theodoric bishop of Amiens, and Nicholas bishop of Cambre
+assisting him.</p>
+
+<p>After this, when by sending of messengers to and fro, as well bishops,
+abbats, and other, both spirituall persons and temporall, there could no
+agr&eacute;ement be made, he directed his letter to certeine churches here in
+England, pronouncing by a certeine day, namelie the twelfe day of
+September, a sentence of interdiction to be obserued through the relme.
+The monks of Canturburie sore offended herewith, before the prefixed day
+of this sentence to be put in vse, sent two moonkes of their owne house,
+Nigell and Absolon, vnto the pope: whose errand when the pope had
+vnderstood, he commanded them to returne home, and to obeie their
+archbishops sentence in all things.</p>
+
+<p>In the meane time, the archbishops men and tenants were sore oppressed,
+and his rents and reuenues seized to the kings vse, yea euen before the
+daies of paiment. Which maner of proceeding sore gr&eacute;eued the archbishop:
+in so much that departing from S. Omers, he came to Graueling, and there
+taking the sea, crossed ouer to a towne called Goseford that belonged
+vnto Hugh Bigot erle of Northfolke: which earle receiued him with great
+honor, and sent him all necessarie prouision, so long as he remained in
+his countrie. At the terme appointed, he interdicted all the kings
+dominions, and would not reuoke the sentence, till Robert bishop, of
+London, Hilarie bishop of Chichester, and William bishop of Norwhich,
+with manie other Noblemen, came to him vnto Framelingham in Norfolke, a
+castell apperteining to the said earle, where at length an attonment was
+concluded betwixt him and the king: wherevpon he was brought home vnto
+Canturburie with great ioy and honor.</p>
+
+<p>He accused the moonks of Canturburie, for disobeieng the interdiction,
+trusting that the pope would not heare those two moonkes whom they had
+sent, as he did not ind&eacute;ed. He excommunicated also all those that had
+receiued the sacraments amongst them, during the time of the
+interdiction. Now these moonkes being at their wits end, dispatched with
+all speed other two moonkes to the pope, to obteine an absolution,
+before the archbishop should vnderstand it: but they were sent backe
+againe with checks and commanded to obeie their archbishop in all
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Geruasius.</i></span>
+things, as the other were, which had b&eacute;ene there with him before.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;13. <br />
+1148.</span>
+The moonks of Canturburie that were sent to Rome, returning, came from
+thence to Bullongne, where they found those that were first sent
+thither: and so they all foure came to Canturburie. The pope also had
+sent a priuie commandement to the archbishop that he should duelie
+punish as well them as the other. Wherevpon the archbishop
+<a name="Page_99" id="Page_99" ></a><span class="pagenum">[99]</span>
+taking
+counsell with his fr&eacute;ends, deposed Syluester the prior, and suspended
+William the secretarie of the house from entring the qu&eacute;ere. It was
+decreed also, that the residue should cease so long a time from saieng
+seruice, as they had said it before vnlawfullie, against the archbishops
+commandement. For it was thought reason, that whilest other sang and
+were merrie, they should keepe silence, which wilfullie tooke vpon them
+to sing, whilest other held their peace and were still. They began
+therefore to cease from saieng diuine seruice, and from ringing their
+bels in the second w&eacute;eke of Lent &amp; so kept silence from the twelfe day
+of March, vntill the first daie of August.</p>
+
+<p>The qu&eacute;ene wife to king Stephan in this meane while lay much at S.
+Augustines in Canturburie, bicause of hastening forward the building of
+Feuersham abbeie, which she and hir husband had begonne from the verie
+foundation. And bicause the moonkes of S. Augustine might not celebrate
+diuine seruice, she called thither commonlie the moonks of Christes
+church to say seruice before hir. Thus much for that purpose: and now to
+other matters.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The L. Henrie returneth into England.</span>
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;14. <br />
+1149.</span>
+The lord Henrie Fitzempresse after all these businesses returned into
+England, in the moneth of May, with a great companie of men of warre
+both horssemen and footmen: by reason whereof many reuolted from king
+Stephan to take part with him: whereas before they sat still, and would
+not attempt any exploit against him. But now incouraged with the
+presence of the lord Henrie, they declared themselues freends to him,
+and enimies to the king. Immediatlie after his arriuall, he tooke with
+him the earles of Chester and Hereford, Ranulfe and Roger, and diuers
+other Noble men and knights of great fame, beside those whom he had
+brought with him out of Normandie, and went vnto Carleil, where he found
+his coosin Dauid king of Scotland, of whome he was most ioifullie
+receiued; and vpon Whitsunday with great solemnitie, being not past
+<span class="rightnote">He is made knight. <i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+sixt&eacute;ene yeares of age, was by the same king made knight, with diuerse
+other yoong gentlemen that were much about the same age.</p>
+
+<p>&para;&nbsp;Some write, that the king of Scots receiued an oth of him before he
+gaue him the honor of knighthood, that if he chanced to atteine vnto the
+possession of the realme of England, he should restore to the Scots the
+towne of Newcastle, with the countrie of Northumberland, from the riuer
+of Tw&eacute;ed, to the riuer of Tine. But whether it were so or not, I am not
+able to make warrantize.</p>
+
+<p>Now king Stephan hearing that the king of Scots, and his aduersarie the
+lord Henrie with the ch&eacute;efest lords of the west parts of England lay
+<span class="rightnote">K. Stephan with an armie commeth to Yorke.</span>
+thus in Carleil, he raised an armie, and came to the citie of Yorke,
+where he remained for the most part of the moneth of August, fearing
+least his enimies should attempt the winning of that citie. But after
+the one part had remained a time in Carleil, and the other in Yorke,
+they departed from both those places without any further exploit for
+that season, sauing that Eustachius king Stephans sonne (hauing also
+latelie receiued the order of knighthood) did much hurt in the countries
+which belonged to those Noble men that were with the lord Henrie.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i>. Great raine.</span>
+The great raine that fell in the summer season this yeare did much hurt
+vnto corne standing on the ground, so that a great dearth followed. In
+the winter also after, about the tenth day of December, it began to
+<span class="rightnote">A sore frost.</span>
+fr&eacute;ese extreamelie, and so continued till the nineteenth of Februarie:
+whereby the riuer of Thames was so frosen, that men might passe ouer it
+both on foot and horssebacke.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;15. <br />
+1150.</span>
+In the meane while Henrie Duke of Normandie, after he had returned from
+the king of the Scots, sailed backe into Normandie, about the beginning
+of August, leauing England full of all those calamities, which ciuill
+warre is accustomed to bring with it, as burning of houses, killing,
+robbing, and spoiling of people, so that the land was in danger of vtter
+destruction, by reason of that pestilent discord.</p>
+
+<p>This yeare the 23. of Februarie, Galfridus Monumetensis, otherwise
+called Galfridus
+<a name="Page_100" id="Page_100" ></a><span class="pagenum">[100]</span>
+Arthurius, who turned the British historie into
+Latine, was consecrated bishop of S. Assaph, by Theobald archbishop of
+Canturburie, at Lambeth, William bishop of Norwhich and Walter bishop of
+Rochester assisting him.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i> The earle of Aniou father to Henry Fitzempress
+departeth his life.</span>
+Morouer, this yeare (as some writers haue recorded) Geffrey earle of
+Aniou, of husband to the empresse Maud, departed this life, on the
+seuenth day of September, leauing his sonne Henrie onelie heire and
+successor in the estates of the duchie of Normandie and countie of
+Aniou. The bodie of the said earle was buried at Mans, with a great
+funerall pompe: his three sonnes Henrie, Geffrey, and William being
+present.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Worcester assaulted.</span>
+But king Stephan assaulting the faire citie of Worcester with a great
+power of men tooke it, and consumed it with fire, but the castell he
+could not win. This citie belonged to earle Waleran de Mellent, at that
+season: for king Stephan to his owne hinderance had giuen it vnto him.
+Now after the men of warre had diuided the spoile amongst them, they
+came backe, and passing through the lands of their enimies, got great
+booties, which they also tooke away with them, finding none to resist
+them in their iournie.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;16. <br />
+1151.</span>
+In the yeare following Theobald archbishop of Canturburie, and legat to
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ger.&nbsp;Dorober.</i> A synod at London. </span>
+the s&eacute;e apostolike, held a generall synod or councell at London in the
+Lent season, where king Stephan himselfe with his sonne Eustachius, and
+other the peers of the realme were present. This councell was full of
+appeales, contrarie to that had beene vsed in this land, till the time
+that Henrie bishop of Winchester vnto his owne harme (whilest he was
+likewise the Popes legat) had by vniust intrusion brought them in, and
+now at this councell he was himselfe thrise appealed to the hearing of
+the popes owne consistorie. After this king Stephan in the same yeare
+brake into the citie of Worcester, and whereas he could not the last
+time win the castell, he now endeauoured with all his force to take it.
+But when those within made valiant resistance, he raised two castels
+against it, and leauing in the same certeine of his Nobles to continue
+the siege, he himselfe returned home. &para;&nbsp;Thus (as yee see) the kings
+propertie was to attempt manie things valiantlie, but he proc&eacute;eded in
+them oftentimes verie slowlie: howbeit, now by the policie of the earle
+of Leicester, those two castels which the king had raised to besiege the
+other castell, were shortlie after destroied: and so the besieged were
+<span class="rightnote">The earle of Leicester brother to the erle of Mellent.</span>
+deliuered from danger. This earle of Leicester was brother to the earle
+of Mellent. Thus the kings purposed intention and painefull trauell on
+that behalfe came to none effect.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;17. <br />
+1152.</span>
+<span class="rightnote">The duke of Normandie Fitzempresse marieth the duchesse of
+Aquitaine.</span>
+In the meane while Henrie duke of Normandie maried Elianor duches of
+Guien or Aquitaine, latelie diuorsed from the French king, and so in
+right of hir he became duke of Aquitaine, and earle of Poictou; for she
+was the onelie daughter to William duke of Guien, and earle of Poictou,
+and by hir father created his sole and lawfull heire.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The French king maketh warre against the duke of Normandie.</span>
+The French king was nothing pleased with this mariage, in somuch that he
+made sore warre vpon duke Henrie, ioining himselfe in league with king
+Stephan, with his sonne Eustace, and with the lord Geffrey brother to
+duke Henrie, so that the said Henrie was constreined to defer his
+iournie into England, and applie his power to defend his countries and
+subiects on that side of the sea. For whereas he was readie at the mouth
+of the riuer of Barbe to passe ouer into England, not long after
+midsummer, the French king, with Eustace king Stephans sonne, Robert
+erle of Perch, Henrie erle of Champaigne, and Geffrey brother to duke
+Henrie, hauing assembled a mightie armie, came and besieged the castell
+of Newmarch, and sent foorth the lord Geffrey with a strong power to win
+the castell of Angers. Duke Henrie aduertised hereof departing from the
+place where he soiourned, hasted foorth to succour his people that were
+<span class="rightnote">The castell of Newmarch deliuered to the French king.</span>
+besieged, but the castell of Newmarch was deliuered to the French king
+through treason of those that had it in k&eacute;eping, before the duke could
+come to their rescue.</p>
+
+<p>Wherevpon the said duke hauing knowledge by the waie that he should come
+too late thither, he encamped first vpon the side of the riuer of
+Andell, and wasted
+<a name="Page_101" id="Page_101" ></a><span class="pagenum">[101]</span>
+<span class="rightnote">Ueulquesine or Ueuxin.</span>
+a great part of the countrie of Ueuxin or
+Ueulquesine, surnamed Le Normant, which lieth betwixt the riuer of Epte
+and Andell. This countrie belonged sometime to Normandie, but Geffrey
+earle of Aniou the dukes father had resigned it to the French king, to
+the end he should not aid king Stephan. The duke also burned the castels
+of Bascheruille, Chitrey, Stripiney, and the castell of Fort, that
+belonged to Hugh de Gourney, with diuerse other. About the end of August
+he left his townes in Normandie sufficientlie furnished with garisons of
+souldiers, and went into Aniou, where he besieged the castell de mount
+Sotelli, till he had taken it, and all those that were within it,
+amongst whome was the lord thereof named William. The French king on the
+<span class="rightnote">The towne castell of Uernon. <i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i></span>
+other side entring into Normandie, burnt part of the borough of Rieule,
+and either then or shortlie after that duke Henrie was gone ouer into
+England, he tooke the towne and castell of Uernon.</p>
+
+<p>Whilest these things were thus a dooing in France, K. Stephan would haue
+caused the archbishop of Canturburie &amp; diuerse other bishops, whom for
+that purpose he had assembled, to crowne, annoint, and confirme his
+sonne Eustace king ouer the realme of England. But the archbishops and
+<span class="rightnote">The Pope is against it.</span>
+bishops refused so to doo, bicause the pope by his letters sent to the
+archbishop, had commanded to the contrarie; namelie, that he should in
+no wise crowne the kings sonne, bicause his father king Stephan had got
+the possession of the land against his oth receiued in behalfe of the
+empresse. The father and sonne being not a litle offended herewith,
+<span class="rightnote">The bishops are threatened.</span>
+committed most of his bishops to ward s&eacute;eking by threats and menacings
+to bring them to his purpose. The bishops also were in no small
+perplexitie: for according to the truth, the king neuer seemed greatlie
+to fauor churchmen, bicause of their strength (as in former times by his
+rigor vsed against the bishops of Salisburie and Lincolne it plainelie
+appeared) and yet would not these men y&eacute;eld to his pleasure: wherevpon
+although they were set at libertie, they were neuerthelesse depriued of
+their temporall possessions, which notwithstanding afterwards vpon the
+kings owne motion were restored vnto them.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i></span>
+Howbeit the archbishop of Canturburie persisting still in his oppinion,
+was forsaken of diuerse of the bishops, who throgh feare durst not stand
+<span class="rightnote">The Archbishop of Canturburie flieth out of the realme.</span>
+against their princes pleasure. But the archbishop, when he perceiued
+how the matter went, &amp; that all the blame was like to light and rest on
+his shoulders, he got himselfe by a maruellous hap ouer the Thames, and
+with, sp&eacute;ed riding to Douer, passed the sea, to auoid both the fathers
+and sonnes reuengefull displeasure. Herevpon the king seized into his
+hands all the lands &amp; possessions that belonged to the archbishop.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> <i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i></span>
+This yeare queene Maud wife to king Stephan departed this life at Hangey
+castell, that belonged to earle Alberike de U&eacute;er, about the third daie
+of Maie, and was buried in the abbeie of Feuersham, which she with hir
+husband king Stephan had latelie founded.</p>
+
+<p>This yeare through great and immoderate raine that fell in the summer,
+the growing of corne was so hindred, that a great death of people
+insued<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The battell of Monadmore <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i>
+The second &amp; also the first bishops of Man.</span>
+This yeare also was the battell of Monadmore fought in Ireland, where
+the flower and chiefest personages of Mounster and Leynister were
+slaine. Moreouer one John a moonke of Sagium, was made the second bishop
+of the Isle of Man: the first bishop that was there instituted hight
+Wimond a moonke of Sauinie, who for his importunate misdemenour in some
+respects, had his eies put out, and was displaced.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Hen.&nbsp;Marle.</i></span>
+John Papirio a cardinall, being sent from the pope as legat into
+Ireland, ordeined foure archbishops there, one at Dublin, an other at
+Ardmach, the third at Cassels, and the fourth at Connach. The s&eacute;e of
+Dublin he changed into an archbishops
+<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Dublin made archbishop.</span>
+s&eacute;e, one Gregorie at that time
+possessing the same: to whom he gaue the first and chiefe pall, and
+appointed the church of the blessed Trinitie to be church metropolitane.
+As this cardinall passed through England, he receiued an oth of fealtie
+vnto king Stephan.</p>
+
+<p>
+<a name="Page_102" id="Page_102" ></a><span class="pagenum">[102]</span>
+<span class="rightnote">The castell of Newburie won.</span>
+The same yeare also king Stephan by siege and force of assault did win
+the castell of Newberie not far from Winchester. This doone he went to
+Wallingford, and besieging the castell, he builded at the entring of the
+bridge a fortresse to stop them within from issuing out, and likewise
+from receiuing any reliefe or succour by their fr&eacute;ends abroad. The
+defendants perceiuing themselues so hardlie laid at, sent to the duke of
+Normandie (in whose name they kept that castell) desiring him either to
+succour them, or else giue them licence to y&eacute;eld vp the castell to the
+king. Herevpon duke Henrie hauing dispatched his businesse on the
+further side of the sea, began to be kindled with a feruent desire once
+againe to attempt his fortune here in England for recouerie of that
+<span class="rightnote">Duke Henrie Fitzempresse returneth into England. <i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i></span>
+kingdome, and so with three thousand footmen, &amp; 7 score horssemen, with
+all sp&eacute;ede possible sailed ouer into England, where he landed about the
+12. daie in Christmasse. He was no sooner arriued, but a great number of
+such as tooke part with his mother came flocking in vnto him: wherevpon
+being now furnished with a great and puissant armie, he marched foorth
+to Malmesburie, where in the castell was a great garison of soldiers
+<span class="rightnote">He besiegeth the castell of Malmesburie. <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i>
+<i>Polydor.</i></span>
+placed by king Stephan. Duke Henrie planted his siege about this castell
+the thirt&eacute;enth daie of Januarie, and enforced himselfe to the vttermost
+of his power to win it.</p>
+
+<p>Now king Stephan hearing of his enimies arriuall, with all hast possible
+got his armie on foot, and comming suddenlie towards the place where is
+<span class="rightnote">K. Stephan constreineth him to raise his siege.</span>
+enimies were pitched, he caused duke Henrie to raise his siege, and
+following after, offered him battell. But duke Henrie, knowing that his
+enimies were far more in number than he was at that present, and also
+conceiuing with himselfe that by prolonging of time his owne power would
+increase, absteined from fighting, and kept him within the closure of
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Paru.</i></span>
+his campe. &para;&nbsp;Thus haue some written, but other authors write, that
+Henrie kept himselfe indeed within his campe, and refused to giue
+battell, but yet remoued not his siege, till the king departed from
+thence, after he saw he could not haue his purpose, and then did duke
+Henrie win the castell of Malmesburie, or rather the maister tower or
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i> <i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i></span>
+ch&eacute;efe dungeon of that castell. For as (Simon of Durham writeth) he had
+won by assault the other parts and lims of the castell before king
+Stephan came to remoue him.</p>
+
+<p>This tower that thus held out, was in the keeping of one capteine
+Jordan, who escaping foorth came to the king, informing him in what
+state he had left his men within the tower: wherevpon the king (making
+all the power that he was able) set forward, and comming to Circiter,
+lodged there one night, and in the morning purposing to raise the siege,
+or to fight with his enimies (if they would abide battell) marched
+<span class="rightnote">A sore storm.</span>
+foorth towards Malmesburie. But vpon his approch to the dukes campe, the
+daie following his comming thither, there rose such a hideous tempest of
+wind and raine, beating full in the faces of king Stephans people, that
+God seemed to fight for the duke, who in respect of the number of people
+was thought too weake to deale with the strong and puissant armie of the
+king: howbeit the storme being on his backe, and beating extremelie in
+king Stephans mens faces, they were not able to hold their weapons in
+their hands, in somuch that he perceiued he could not passe the riuer
+that ran betwixt the armies: wherevpon constreined in that sort through
+the violent rage of that cold and wet weather, he returned to London
+full euill appaied, in that he could not satisfie his expectation at
+that present.</p>
+
+<p>The tower that duke Henrie had hardlie besieged immediatlie herewith was
+surrendred vnto him, &amp; then making prouision for vittels and other
+<span class="rightnote">The castell of Wallingford.</span>
+things, to the reliefe of them that kept the castell of Wallingford, he
+hasted thither, and finding no resistance by the way, easily
+accomplished his enterprise. There were diuerse castels thereabouts in
+the countrie furnished with garisons of the kings souldiers, but they
+<span class="rightnote">The castell of Cranemers. </span>
+kept themselues close, and durst not come abroad to stop his passage.
+Shortlie after he besieged the castell of Cranemers, and cast a trench
+about it, so as his people within Wallingford castell
+<a name="Page_103" id="Page_103" ></a><span class="pagenum">[103]</span>
+might haue free
+libertie to come foorth at their pleasure: but as for those within the
+castell of Cranemers, they were so hardlie holden in, that there was no
+waie for them to start out.</p>
+
+<p>The king aduertised hereof, got all his host togither, and marched
+forward verie terriblie toward duke Henries campe. But shewing no token
+of feare, he caused the trench wherewith he had inclosed his campe
+foorthwith to be cast downe, and leauing the siege, came into the fields
+with his armie set in order of battell, meaning to trie the matter by
+dint of sword, although he had not the like number of men as the king
+had: whose armie perceiuing their enimies to come in the face of them,
+were stricken with a sudden feare: neuerthelesse, he himselfe being of a
+good courage, commanded his people to march forward. But herewith
+certeine Noble men, that loued not the aduancement of either part, vnder
+a colour of good meaning sought to treat an agr&eacute;ement betwixt them, so
+that an intermission or cesing from war was granted, and by composition
+the castell which the king had built, and the duke besieged, was razed
+to the ground. The king and the duke also came to an interuiew and
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> <i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i> Eustace king Stephans sonne.</span>
+communication togither, a riuer running betwixt them. Some write that
+they fell to agreement, king Stephan vndertaking to raze the castell of
+Cranemers himselfe, and so laieng armour aside for that time, they
+parted asunder.</p>
+
+<p>But Eustace K. Stephans son was sore offended herewith, and reprouing
+his father for concluding such an agr&eacute;ement, in a great rage departed
+from the court, &amp; taking his waie toward Cambridgeshire (which countrie
+he meant to ouerrun) he came to the abbeie of Burie, and vpon S.
+Laurence daie caused all the corne in the countrie about and namelie
+that which belonged to the said abbeie, to be spoiled and brought into a
+castell which he had in keeping not far from thence. But as he sat downe
+<span class="rightnote">Eustace king Stephans son and Simon earl of North&#257;pton
+depart this life both in one w&eacute;eke.</span>
+to meat the same daie vpon receiuing the first morsell he fell mad (as
+writers haue reported) and miserablie ended his life. The same weeke
+Simon earle of Northampton departed this world of a like disease, and so
+two of the cheefest aduersaries which duke Henrie had, were rid out of
+the waie. Eustace was buried at Feuersham in Kent, and earle Simon at
+Northampton.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The earle of Chester deceasseth.</span>
+About the same time also that noble and valiant earle of Chester called
+Ranulfe departed this life, a man of such stoutnesse of stomach, that
+death could scarselie make him to yeeld, or shew any token of feare: he
+was poisoned (as was thought) by William Peuerell. After him succeeded
+his sonne Hugh, a man likewise of passing strength and vertue. Now
+although earle Ranulfe fauoured the part of duke Henrie, yet in these
+later yeares he did but little for him: wherefore it was thought that
+the death of this earle was not so great a losse to the duke, as the
+deaths of Eustace, earle Simon, and other the kings fr&eacute;ends deceasing
+about the same time seemed to further him: so that his part became
+dailie stronger, and the kings weaker.</p>
+
+<p>About the same time the castels of Reading and B&eacute;ertwell were deliuered
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Par.</i> <i>Rob.&nbsp;Mont.</i></span>
+to duke Henrie, and the ladie Gundreda countesse of Warwike draue out
+the souldiers that held it for king Stephan, and deliuered the towne to
+duke Henrie. In this yeare duches Elenor, wife to Henrie Fitzempresse,
+was brought to bed of hir first borne son, whom they named William,
+after the maner of the ancient dukes of Aquitaine.</p>
+
+<p>Thus came things to passe in sundrie places with so good successe as
+duke Henrie could wish, wherevpon meaning to follow the steps of
+<span class="rightnote">Stamford was taken. <i>Simon&nbsp;Dun.</i> <i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i> Gipswich or
+Ipswich besieged.</span>
+prosperous fortune, he marched foorth to Stamford, and taking the towne
+at his first comming laid siege to the castell. Now they that had it in
+keeping sent messengers to king Stephan, requiring rescue, but the same
+time he had laid siege to the castell of Gipswich, which Hugh Bigot kept
+against him: and bicause he wold not depart from that siege till he had
+the castell giuen vp into his hands (which came at last to passe) in the
+<span class="rightnote"><i>N.&nbsp;Triuet.</i></span>
+meane time the castell of Stamford was y&eacute;elded vp to duke Henrie, who
+immediatelie therevpon departed from Stamford eastward, meaning to come
+to the succour of his fr&eacute;ends besieged at Gipswich or Ipswich
+<a name="Page_104" id="Page_104" ></a><span class="pagenum">[104]</span>
+(as it is
+commonlie called) not vnderstanding as yet that they had surrendred the
+hold: but hauing knowledge by the way what was happened, he returned and
+<span class="rightnote">Notingh&agrave;m.</span>
+marched streight to Notingham, and got the towne easilie; for they
+within the castell had set it on fire, therefore he besieged the castell
+standing vpon the point of a st&eacute;epe craggie rocke, and was furnished
+with a strong garison of men, and all things necessarie for defense, so
+that it could not easilie be woone.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Duke Henrie raiseth his siege from Notingham. <i>Polydor.</i></span>
+When duke Henrie had assaied all the waies how to take it, and saw that
+he could not preuaile, he minded to loose no more time: but raising his
+siege from thence, he ranged abroad to get other places into his
+possession, and finallie came to his mother, and laie at Wallingford. K.
+Stephan in the meane time being strong in the field, sought time and
+place to haue Henrie at some aduantage, who in his yoong yeares (as yet
+not hauing tasted any misfortune) he thought would rashlie attempt some
+<span class="rightnote">The miserie of this land in time of the ciuill warre.</span>
+vnaduised enterprise. &para;&nbsp;But whereas the realme of England had b&eacute;ene now
+manie yeares miserablie turmoiled with ciuill warre (which the verie
+heathen haue so detested, that they haue exclaimed against it with a
+kind of irksomnesse; as:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Hor. lib. car. 1. ode. 35.</i></span>
+<span class="i0">Eheu cicatricum &amp; sceleris pudet,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fratr&uacute;mque: quid nos dura refugimus<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Aetas? quid intactum nefasti<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Linquimus? vnde manus iuuentus<br /></span>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Idem. lib. car. 2. ode. 1.</i></span>
+<span class="i0">Metu deorum continuit? quibus<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Pepercit aris? iam litui strepunt,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Iam fulgor armorum fugaces<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Terret equos equit&uacute;mque vultus)<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="nogap">Wherein (besides millians of extremities) honest matrones and mens wiues
+were violated, maids and virgins rauished, churches spoiled, townes and
+villages robbed, whole flocks and heards of sh&eacute;epe and beasts destroied
+(wherein the substance of the realme cheeflie consisted) and men without
+number slaine and murthered, it pleased the goodnesse of almightie God
+at length to deliuer the land of these miseries, which were notified to
+all countries round about that sore lamented the same.</p>
+
+<p>Now whereas king Stephan was the cause of all the troubles, in hauing
+vsurped an other mans rightfull inheritance, it pleased God to mooue his
+hart at length to desire peace which he had euer before abhorred. The
+cause that mooued him ch&eacute;efelie to change his former purpose, was for
+that his sonne Eustace by speedie death was taken out of this world (as
+before ye haue heard) which losse s&eacute;emed great not onelie to the father,
+but also to all those lords and others which had alwaies taken his part,
+bicause he was a yoong man so well liked of all men, that he was iudged
+<span class="rightnote">The ladie Constance wife to Eustace sent home.</span>
+to be borne to much honour. But his wife Constance tooke his death verie
+sorowfullie, and the more indeed for that she had no issue by him,
+wherevpon shortlie after she was sent honourablie home to hir father
+king Lewes with hir dower, and other rich and princelie gifts.</p>
+
+<p>King Stephan s&eacute;eing himselfe thus depriued of his onelie sonne, vnto
+whome he minded to leaue the kingdome which he so earnestlie sought to
+confirme and assure vnto him by warlike endeuor, and that againe the
+French kings aid would not be so readie as heretofore it had b&eacute;ene
+(wherevpon he much staied, now that the bonds of affinitie were
+abolished) he began at length (though not immediatlie vpon his sonnes
+<span class="rightnote">K. Stephan began to incline his mind to peace.
+<i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+deceasse) to withdraw his mind from war, and bequeathed it wholie to
+peace. Which alteration being perceiued, those Nobles that were glad to
+s&eacute;e the state of their countrie quieted, did their best to further it; &amp;
+ch&eacute;eflie Theobald archbishop of Canturburie trauelled earnestlie to
+bring the princes to some agr&eacute;ement, now talking with the king, now
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i></span>
+sending to the duke, and vsing all meanes possible to set them at
+vnitie. The bishop of Winchester also, who had caused all the trouble,
+vpon consideration of the great calamities wherewith the land was most
+miserablie afflicted, began to wish an end thereof. Wherevpon
+<a name="Page_105" id="Page_105" ></a><span class="pagenum">[105]</span>
+the lords
+spirituall and temporall were called togither at Winchester about the
+latter end of Nouember, that they with their consents also might
+confirme whatsoeuer the king and the duke should conclude vpon.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">An assemblie of lords at Winchester. A peace concluded
+betwixt the king and the duke.</span>
+Thus was a publike assemblie made in the citie of Winchester, whither
+also duke Henrie came who being ioifullie receiued of the king in the
+bishops palace, they were made fr&eacute;ends, the king admitting the duke for
+his sonne, and the duke the king for his father, insomuch that the
+agreement, which (through the carefull sute of the archbishop of
+Canturburie) had beene laboured with such diligence to good effect, was
+now confirmed: the cheefe articles whereof were these.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Some writers haue recorded that duke Henrie should presentlie
+by this agr&eacute;ement enioy halfe the realme of England.</span>
+1 That king Stephan, during his naturall life, should remaine king of
+England, and Henrie the empresses sonne should enioy the dukedome of
+Normandie, and be proclaimed heire apparant to succ&eacute;ed in and haue the
+regiment of England, after the deceasse of Stephan.</p>
+
+<p>2 That such noble men, and other, which had held either with the one
+partie or the other, during the time of the ciuill warres, should be in
+no danger for the same but enioy their lands, possessions and liuings,
+according to their ancient rights and titles.</p>
+
+<p>3 That the king should resume and take into his hands againe, all such
+portions and parcels of inheritance belonging to the crowne, as he had
+giuen away, or were otherwise vsurped by any maner of person, and that
+all those possessions which by any intrusion had b&eacute;ene violentlie taken
+from the right owners, since the daies of king Henrie, should be
+restored to them that were rightlie possessed in the same by the daies
+of the said king.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> Castels to be razed in number. 1115.</span>
+4 That all those castels, which contrarie to all reason and good order
+had b&eacute;ene made and builded by any maner of person in the daies of king
+Stephan, should be ouerthrowne and cast downe, which were found to be
+eleuen hundred and fifteene.</p>
+
+<p>5 That the king should reforme all such disorders as warre had brought
+in; to restore farmers to their holdings, to repaire decaied buildings,
+to restore pastures and leassues with cattell, hils with sheepe, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>6 That by his meanes the cleargie might enioy their due quietnesse, and
+not be oppressed with any vniust exactions.</p>
+
+<p>7 That he should place shirifes where they had b&eacute;ene accustomed to beare
+rule, with instructions giuen them to deale vprightlie in causes, so as
+offenders might not escape through bribes, or any other respect of
+freendship; but that euerie man might receiue according to right and
+equitie.</p>
+
+<p>8 That soldiours should conuert their swords (as Esaie saith) into
+culters &amp; plough shares, their speares into mattocks, and so returne
+from the campe to the plough: and that such as were woont to keepe watch
+in the night season, might now sl&eacute;epe and take their rest without any
+danger.</p>
+
+<p>9 That the husbandman might be set fr&eacute;e from all trouble and vexation,
+by meanes wherof he might follow his tilth, and plie his culture.</p>
+
+<p>10 That merchant men and occupiers might enioy their trades and
+occupations to their aduancement.</p>
+
+<p>11 That one kind and manner of siluer coine should run through the land,
+&amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>12 There was also consideration had of a sonne which king Stephan had,
+named William, who though he were verie yoong, was yet appointed to
+sweare fealtie vnto duke Henrie as lawfull heire to the crowne. The same
+William had the citie of Norwhich, and diuerse other lands assigned him
+for the maintenance of his estate, and that by the consent and agr&eacute;ement
+of duke Henrie his adopted brother.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>These things being thus concluded at Winchester, and the warre that had
+continued, for the space of 17 yeares now ended and fullie pacified: the
+king tooke the duke with him to London, dooing to him all the honour he
+could deuise. The newes whereof
+<a name="Page_106" id="Page_106" ></a><span class="pagenum">[106]</span>
+being spred abrode, euerie good man
+reioised thereat. Thus through the great mercie of God, peace was
+restored vnto the decaied state of this relme of England. Which things
+being thus accomplished with great ioy and tokens of loue, king Stephan
+and his new adopted sonne duke Henrie tooke leaue either of other,
+appointing shortlie after to m&eacute;et againe at Oxenford, there to perfect
+euerie article of their agr&eacute;ement, which was thus accorded a little
+before Christmas.</p>
+
+<p>&para;&nbsp;But by the way, for the better vnderstanding of the said agreement, I
+haue thought good to set downe the verie tenor of the charter made by
+king Stephan, as I haue copied it out, and translated it into English
+out of an autentike booke conteining the old lawes of the Saxon and
+Danish kings, in the end whereof the same charter is exemplified, which
+booke is remaining with the right worshipfull William Fl&eacute;etwood esquire,
+now recorder of London, and sargeant at law.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<h3>The charter of king Stephan, of the pacification of the troubles betwixt
+him and Henrie duke of Normandie.</h3>
+
+<p>Stephan king of England, to all archbishops, bishops, abbats, earles,
+iusticers, sherifes, barons and all his faithfull subiects of England
+sendeth greeting. Know yee that I king Stephan, haue ordeined Henrie
+duke of Normandie after me by right of inheritance to be my successour,
+and heire of the kingdome of England, and so haue I giuen and granted to
+him and his heires the kingdome of England. For the which honour, gift,
+and confirmation to him by me made, he hath doone homage to me, and with
+a corporall oth hath assured me, that he shall be faithfull and loiall
+to me, and shall to his power preserue my life and honour: and I on the
+other side shall maineteine and preserue him as my sonne and heire in
+all things to my power, and so far as by any waies or meanes I may.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">William sonne to king Stephan.</span>
+And William my sonne hath doone his lawfull homage, and assured his
+fealtie vnto the said duke of Normandie, and the duke hath granted to
+him to hold of him all those tenements and holdings which I held before
+I atteined to the possession of the realme of England, wheresoeuer the
+same be in England, Normandie, or elsewhere, and whatsoeuer he receiued
+<span class="rightnote">Earle Warren.</span>
+with the daughter of earle Warren, either in England or Normandie, &amp;
+likewise whatsoeuer apperteineth to those honoures. And the duke shall
+put my sonne William and his men that are of that honour in full
+possession and seizine of all the lands, boroughs and rents, which the
+duke thereof now hath in his demaine, and namelie of those that belong
+to the honour of the earle Warren, and namelie of the castels of
+<span class="rightnote">The castels of Bellencumber and Mortimer.</span>
+Bellencumber and Mortimer, so that Reginald de Warren shall haue the
+k&eacute;eping of the same castels of Bellencumber, and of Mortimer, if he
+will; and therevpon shall giue pledges to the duke: and if he will not
+haue the keeping of those castels, then other liege of men of the said
+erle Warren, whom it shall please the duke to appoint, shall be sure
+pledges and good suertie keepe the said castels.</p>
+
+<p>Moreouer, the duke shall deliuer vnto him according to my will and
+<span class="rightnote">The erledome of Mortaigne.</span>
+pleasure the other castels, which belong vnto the earledome of Mortaigne
+by safe custodie and pledges, so soone as he conuenientlie may, so as
+all the pledges are to be restored vnto my sonne free, so soone as the
+duke shall haue the realme of England in possession. The augmentation
+also which I haue giuen vnto my sonne William, he hath likewise granted
+<span class="rightnote">Norwich. </span>
+the same to him; to wit, the castell and towne of Norwich, with seauen
+hundred pounds in
+<a name="Page_107" id="Page_107" ></a><span class="pagenum">[107]</span>
+lands, so as the rents of Norwich be accounted as
+parcell of the same seauen hundred pounds in lands, and all the countie
+of Norfolke; the profits and rents which belong to churches, bishops,
+<span class="rightnote">Hugh Bigot</span>
+abbats &amp; earles excepted; and the third pennie whereof Hugh Bigot is
+earle, also excepted: sauing also and reseruing the kings roiall
+iurisdiction for administration of iustice. Also the more to strengthen
+my fauour and loue to himwards, the duke hath giuen and granted vnto my
+<span class="rightnote">Richer de Egle.</span>
+said sonne whatsoeuer Richer de Aquila hath of the honour of Peuensey.
+And moreouer the castell and towne of Peuensey, and the seruice of
+Faremouth, beside the castell and towne of Douer, and whatsoeuer
+apperteineth to the honour of Douer.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The church of Feuersham.</span>
+The duke hath also confirmed the church of Feuersham with the
+appurtenances; and all other things giuen or restored by me vnto other
+churches, he shall confirme by the counsell and aduice of holie church
+and of me. The earles and barons that belong to the duke, which were
+neuer my leeges, for the honour which I haue done to their master, they
+haue now doone homage and sworne fealtie to me, the couenants betwixt me
+&amp; the said duke alwaies saued. The other which had before doone homage
+to me, haue sworne fealtie to me as to their souereigne lord. And if the
+duke should breake and go from the premisses, then are they altogither
+to ceasse from dooing him any seruice, till he reforme his misdooings.
+And my sonne also is to constreine him thereto, according to the aduice
+of holie church, if the duke shall chance to go from the couenants afore
+mentioned. My earles and barons also haue doone their leege and homage
+vnto the duke, sauing their faith to me so long as I liue, and shall
+hold the kingdome with like condition, that if I doo breake and go from
+the premitted couenants, that then they may ceasse from dooing me any
+seruice, till the time I haue reformed that which I haue doone amisse.</p>
+
+<p>The citizens also of cities, and those persons that dwell in castels,
+which I haue in my demaine, by my commandement haue doone homage, and
+made assurance to the duke, sauing the fealtie which they owe to me
+during my life time, and so long as I shall hold the kingdome. They
+<span class="rightnote">Wallingford castell.</span>
+which keep the castle of Wallingford haue doone their homage to me, and
+haue giuen to me pledges for the observing of their fealtie. And I haue
+made vnto the duke such assurance of the castels and strengths which I
+hold by the counsell and aduice of holie church, that when I shall
+depart this life, the duke thereby may not run into any losse or
+<span class="rightnote">The tower of London. Mota de Windsor.</span>
+impeachment, whereby to be debarred from the kingdome. The tower of
+London, and the fortresse of Windsor, by the counsell and aduice of
+holie church are deliuered vnto the lord Richard de Lucie,
+<span class="rightnote">Richard de Lucie.</span>
+safelie to be
+kept, which Richard hath taken an oth, and hath deliuered his sonne in
+pledge to remaine in the hands and custodie of the archbishop of
+Canturburie, that after my decease he shall deliuer the same castels
+vnto the duke. Likewise by the counsell and aduise of holie church,
+<span class="rightnote">Mota de Oxford.</span>
+Roger de Bussey keepeth the castell of Oxford, and Jordaine de Bussey
+the castell of Lincolne, which Roger &amp; Jordaine haue sworne, and thereof
+haue deliuered pledges into the hands of the archbishop, that if I shall
+chance to leaue this life, they shal render the same castels to the duke
+<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Winchester.</span>
+without impeachment. The bishop of Winchester hath also giuen his faith
+in the hands of the archbishop of Canturburie, that if I chance to
+depart this life, he shall render vp vnto the duke the castels of
+Winchester, and the fortresse of Hampton.</p>
+
+<p>And if any of them, vnto whom the custodie of these fortresses shall be
+committed, fortune to die, or otherwise to depart from his charge, an
+other shall be appointed to the keeping of the same fortresse, before he
+shall depart foorth thereof, by the counsell and aduice of holie church.
+And if any of those persons that haue any castels or fortresses
+belonging to me in their custodie shall be found disobedient and rebell,
+I and the duke shall constreine him to satisfie our will &amp; pleasure, not
+leauing him in rest till he be so constreined. The archbishops and
+bishops of the realme of England, and the abbats also, haue by my
+commandement sworne fealtie vnto the duke; and the bishops and abbats
+that hereafter shall be made and aduanced here within the realme of
+England
+<a name="Page_108" id="Page_108" ></a><span class="pagenum">[108]</span>
+shall likewise sweare fealtie to him. The archbishops also and
+bishops on either part, haue vndertaken, that if either of vs shall go
+from the foresaid couenants, they shall so long chastise the partie
+offending with the ecclesiastical censures, till he reforme his fault,
+and returne to fulfill and obserue the said couenants. The mother also
+of the duke, and his wife, and his brethren, &amp; subjects whom he may
+procure, shall likewise assure the premisses.</p>
+
+<p>In matters belonging to the state of the realme, I shall worke by the
+dukes aduice. And through all the realme of England, as well in that
+part which belongeth to the duke, as in that which belongeth to me, I
+shall see that roiall iustice be executed. These beeing witnesses,
+Theobald archbishop of Canturburie, Hen. of Winchester, Robert of
+Excester, Rob. of Bath, Goceline of Salisburie, Robert of Lincolne,
+Hilarie of Cicester, William of Norwich, Richard of London, Migell of
+Elie, Gilbert of Hereford, John of Worcester, Walter of Chester, Walter
+of Rochester, Geffrey of S. Asaph, Bishops: Robert prior of Bermondsey,
+Othon knight of the temple, William earle of Cicester, Robert earle of
+Leicester, William earle of Glocester, Renold of Cornewall, Baldwin de
+Toning, Roger de Hereford, Hugh Bigot, Patrike de Salisburie, William de
+Albemarle, Earle Alberike, Roger Clare, Richard erle of Pembroke,
+Richard de Lucie, William Martell, Richard de Humer, Reginald de Warren,
+Mahaser Biset, John de Port, Richard de Cameuille, Henrie de Essex.
+Geuen at Westminster.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="yearnote">1154. <br />
+An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;19.</span>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i></span>
+Thus far the Charter: and now to proceed with the historie. Immediatlie
+after Christmasse, euen in the Octaues of the Epiphanie, the king and
+duke Henrie met againe Oxenford, where all the earls and barons of the
+land being assembled, sware fealtie vnto duke Henrie, their allegiance
+due vnto king Stephan, as to their souereigne lord and supreme gouernour
+so long as he liued, alwaies reserued. The forme of the peace was now
+also ingrossed and registered for a perpetuall witnesse of the thing, in
+this yeare 1154. after their account that begin the yeare at
+Christmasse, as about the feast of S. Hilarie in Januarie commonlie
+called the twentith daie. Thus was Henrie the sonne of the empresse made
+the adopted sonne of king Stephan, and therevpon the said Henrie saluted
+him as king, and named him father. After conclusion of this peace, by
+the power of almightie God, all debate ceassed in such wise, that the
+state of the realme of England did maruelouslie for a time flourish,
+concord being mainteined on ech hand. &para;&nbsp;There be which affirme, that an
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span>
+other cause bound king Stephan to agr&eacute;e to this attonement chiefelie,
+namelie for that the empresse (as they saie) was rather king Stephans
+paramour than his enimie: and therefore (when she saw the matter growne
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> Egelaw heath.</span>
+to this point, that they were readie to trie battell with their armies
+readie ranged on a plaine in the westerne parts called Egelaw heath) she
+came secretlie vnto king Stephan, &amp; spake unto him on this wise: "What a
+<span class="rightnote">The words of the empresse to K. Stephan.</span>
+mischieuous and vnnaturall thing go ye about? Is it m&eacute;et that the father
+should destroie the sonne? Is it lawfull for the sonne to kill the
+father? For the loue of God (man) refraine thy displeasure, and cast thy
+weapons out of thy hand, sith that (as thou thy selfe knowest full well)
+<span class="rightnote">The empresse confesseth hir selfe to be naught of hir bodie.</span>
+Henrie is thine owne sonne." With these and the like words she put him
+in mind, and couertlie told him, that he had to doo with hir a little
+before she was maried vnto earle Geffrey.</p>
+
+<p>The king by such tokens as the empresse gaue him, tooke hir words to be
+true, and therevpon all his malice was streightwaies quenched: so that
+calling foorth the archbishop of Canturburie, he vttered to him the
+whole matter, and tooke therewith such direction, in sending to his
+aduersaries for auoiding battell at that present, that immediatlie the
+armies on both sides wrapped vp their ensignes, and euery man was
+commanded to k&eacute;epe the peace, that a communication might be had about
+the conclusion of some pacification, which afterwards ensued in maner
+aboue mentioned.</p>
+
+<p>
+<a name="Page_109" id="Page_109" ></a><span class="pagenum">[109]</span>
+&para;&nbsp;But whether this or some other cause moued the king to this peace, it
+is to be thought that God was the worker of it. And surelie a man may
+thinke it good reason, that the report of such secret companie-keeping
+<span class="rightnote">Slanders deuised by malicious heads.</span>
+betwixt the king and the empresse, was but a tale made among the common
+people vpon no ground of truth, but vpon some slanderous deuice of a
+malicious head. And admit that king Stephan had to doo hir; yet is it
+like that both of them would doo for best to k&eacute;epe it secret, that no
+such reproch might be imputed either to Henrie, who was taken to be
+legitimate; or to his mother, whose honour thereby should not a little
+be stained.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Oxenford. <i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i> The King and duke m&eacute;et at Dunstable.</span>
+But now to the purpose. Shortlie after that the king and duke Henrie had
+b&eacute;ene togither at Oxenford, where they ended all things touching the
+peace &amp; concord betwixt them concluded, they met againe at Dunstable,
+where some cloud of displeasure seemed to darken the bright sunshine of
+the late begun loue and amitie betwixt those two mightie princes the
+<span class="rightnote">Articles not performed.</span>
+king and the duke. For where it was accorded (among other articles) that
+all the castels which had b&eacute;ene built since the daies of the late king
+Henrie for euill intents and purposes, should be razed and throwne
+downe: contrarie therevnto (notwithstanding manie of them were
+ouerthrowne and destroied to the accomplishment of that article) diuers
+through the kings permission were suffered to stand. And when the duke
+complained to the king thereof, he could not get at that time any
+redresse, which somewhat troubled him: but yet bicause he would not giue
+occasion of any new trouble, nor offend the king, to whom (as to his
+reputed father) he would seeme to yeeld all honour and due reuerence, he
+passeth it ouer.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The king and duke come to Canturburie.</span>
+Within a while after, the king and he came to Canturburie, where they
+were solemnlie receiued of the couent of Christes church with
+procession. After this, in the Lent season they went to Douer, where
+they talked with Theodorike earle of Flanders, and with the countesse
+his wife who was aunt to duke Henrie. At their comming towards
+Canturburie (as it was bruted) the duke should haue b&eacute;ene murthered,
+<span class="rightnote">The enuie of the Flemings.</span>
+through treason of the Flemings that enuied both the dukes person, and
+also that peace which he had concluded with the king. But s&eacute;e the hap.
+As this feat should haue b&eacute;ene wrought on Berhamdowne, William earle of
+Northfolke king Stephan his sonne, who was one of the ch&eacute;efe
+conspirators, fell beside his horsse, and brake his leg, so that euerie
+man by that sudden chance was in a maze, &amp; came woondering about him. &para;&nbsp;This no doubt came to passe by the prouidence of God, though such
+accidents are commonlie imputed to casualtie or chance medlie. For it is
+the worke of God either to preuent, or to intercept, or to recompense
+the vnnatural conspiracies of traitors and rebels with some notable
+plague: according to that of the poet;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Hesiod in lib, cui tit. op. &amp; di.</i></span>
+<span class="i0">&#927;&#7985;
+&#945;&#965;&#964;&#969;
+&#954;&#945;&#954;&#945;
+&#964;&#949;&#965;&#967;&#949;&#953;
+&#945;&#957;&#951;&#962;
+&#945;&#955;&#955;&#969;
+&#954;&#945;&#954;&#945;
+&#964;&#949;&#965;&#967;&#969;&#957;,</span>
+<span class="i0">&#7977;
+&#948;&#949;
+&#954;&#945;&#954;&#951;
+&#946;&#959;&#965;&#955;&#951;
+&#964;&#969;
+&#946;&#959;&#965;&#955;&#949;&#965;&#963;&#945;&#957;&#964;&#953;
+&#954;&#945;&#954;&#953;&#963;&#964;&#951;,</span>
+<span class="i0">[Greek: Hoi aut&ocirc; kaka teuchei an&ecirc;s all&ocirc; kaka teuch&ocirc;n,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">H&ecirc; de kak&ecirc; boul&ecirc; t&ocirc; bouleusanti kakist&ecirc;],<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Noxius ipse sibi est alij qui qu&aelig;rit obesse,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Consili&uacute;mq; malum danti fert maxima damna.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Duke Henrie herewith getting knowledge of the treason intended against
+him, or at the least suspecting somewhat, got him backe againe to
+Canturburie, and so auoided the danger. After this, taking his way to
+<span class="rightnote">Duke Henrie passeth ouer into Normandie.</span>
+Rochester, and so to London, he got him a shipboord, and sailed by long
+seas into Normandie, where he arriued in safetie.</p>
+
+<p>After his departure, king Stephan spent the summer season of this yeare,
+in going about the most part of the realme; shewing all the courtesie he
+could deuise to the people in all places where he came; except where he
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Will&nbsp;Paru.</i> Philip de Coleuille. The castell of Drax.</span>
+found any rebellious persons, as in Yorkshire, where Philip de Coleuille
+(in trust of his castell which he had stronglie fortified at a certeine
+place called Drax) shewed himselfe disobedient to the king, who
+assembling a power in the countrie, besieged that castell, and shortlie
+wanne it, without any great adoo.</p>
+
+<p>When duke Henrie was departed (as ye haue heard) and gone ouer into
+<span class="rightnote">The puissance of duke H&#275;rie.</span>
+Normandie, now that he had concluded a peace with king Stephan, his
+puissance was thought to be
+<a name="Page_110" id="Page_110" ></a><span class="pagenum">[110]</span>
+such, that he was able to mainteine warres
+with the mightiest prince that then reigned. For in right of his wife,
+he had gotten possession of the duchie of Aquitaine, and the earledome
+of Poictou; and further by his mother, he enioied the duchie of
+Normandie, and looked to succ&eacute;ed in the kingdome of England: and in
+right of his father he was earle of Aniou, Thouraigne, and Maine. He
+also reuoked into his hands certeine parcels of his demeane lands, which
+his father had giuen away, and passing from thence into Aquitaine,
+mightilie subdued certeine lords and barons there, that had rebelled
+against him.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">A peace concluded betwixt the French king and duke Henrie.
+<i>Matth.&nbsp;West.</i></span>
+About the same time a peace was concluded betwixt the French king, and
+this duke Henrie: the king restoring vnto the duke the townes of
+Newmarch and Uernon, which he had before taken from him, and the duke
+giuing to the king 20000. markes of siluer, for the harmes doone by him,
+within the realme of France.</p>
+
+<p>But now to returne vnto king Stephan. Yee shall vnderstand, that within
+a while after he had made his foresaid progresse almost about the whole
+realme, he returned vnto London, where he called a parlement as well to
+consult of matters touching the state of the commonwealth, as to furnish
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Paru.</i> Roger Archdeacon of Canturburie made archbishop
+of Yorke.</span>
+the see of Yorke with a sufficient archbishop. Wherevpon one Roger that
+was before archdeacon of Canturburie, was chosen to that dignitie, and
+consecrated the tenth day of October, by archbishop Theobald, as legat
+to the pope, and not as archbishop of Canturburie. Then also was Thomas
+Becket made
+<span class="rightnote">Thomas Becket archdeacon of Canturburie.</span>
+archdeacon of Canturburie by the said Theobald. The new
+archbishop Roger first went to his see at Yorke, where after he had
+receiued his inthronization, and set his businesse there in order, he
+tooke his iournie towards Rome to fetch his pall in his owne person.</p>
+
+<p>
+King Stephan also after the end of the parlement went to Douer, there to
+<span class="rightnote">The earle of Flanders.</span>
+meet the earle of Flanders, who came thither to talke with him of
+certeine businesse. The earle was no sooner returned backe, but the king
+fell sicke, and was so gr&eacute;euouslie tormented with a paine in his bellie,
+<span class="rightnote">King Stephan departed this life.</span>
+and with an old disease also, wherewith (as should appear) he had beene
+often troubled, namelie, the emrods, that finallie he died in the abbey
+on the fiue and twentith day of October, in the nine and fortith yeare
+of his age, and after he had reigned eighteene yeares, ten moneths, and
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> <i>N.&nbsp;Triuet.</i></span>
+od daies, in the yeare after the birth of our Sauiour 1154.
+<span class="yearnote">1154.</span>
+His bodie
+was interred in the abbeie of Feuersham in Kent, which he had builded,
+where his wife also, and his sonne Eustace were buried before. &para;&nbsp;Thus
+farre of the acts and deeds of Stephan; now a little of other breefe
+remembrances, and first touching the prosopographie or description of
+his person.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">His stature.</span>
+He was comelie of stature, of a verie good complexion and disposition,
+of great strength, in qualities of mind verie excellent, expert in
+warre, gentle, curteous, and verie liberall. For though he continued all
+his time in a maner in the maintenance of wars, yet he leuied but few
+tributs, or almost none at all. Ind&eacute;ed he put diuers bishops to greeuous
+fines, and that not without the iust Judgement of Almightie God, that
+they might so be punished duelie for their periurie committed in helping
+him to the crowne. Vices wherewith he should be noted I find none, but
+that vpon an ambitious desire to reigne, he brake his oth which he made
+vnto the empresse Maud.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Abbeies founded. Coggeshall he founded himselfe, and Fontneis
+in Lancashire, &amp; Feuersham in Kent. <i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i></span>
+In his daies, the abbeies of Tiltey, Fontneis, Rieualle, Coggeshall in
+Essex, Newbourgh and B&eacute;eland, Meriuale in Warwikeshire, Garedon in
+Leicestershire, Kirkst&eacute;ed in Yorkeshire, with diuers other in other
+parts of the realme, were founded, in so much that more abbeis were
+erected in his daies, than had b&eacute;ene within the space of an hundred
+yeares before, as William Paruus writeth.</p>
+
+<p>A great number of castels also were builded in his daies (as before ye
+haue heard) by the Nobles of the realme, either to defend the confines
+of their countries from inuasions of forrenners, and violence of
+homelings; or as fortifications to themselues when they ment or intended
+any inrode or breaking vpon their neighbours.</p>
+
+<p>Diuerse learned men namelie historiographers liued in these daies, as
+William Malmesburie, Henrie Huntington, Simon Dunelmensis, Galfridus
+Arturius, otherwise called
+<a name="Page_111" id="Page_111" ></a><span class="pagenum">[111]</span>
+Monumetensis, Caradoc Lancarnauensis,
+William Reuellensis, among whom Thurstan archbishop of Yorke is not to
+be forgotten, besides many more who in diuerse sciences were verie
+expert and skilfull, as by treatises of their setting f&oacute;orth to the
+world hath sufficientlie appeared.</p>
+
+
+<p class="lastline">Thus far Stephan of Bullongne.</p>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<h3 >Transcriber's notes</h3>
+
+<p>There are no footnotes in the original. The original spelling and
+punctuation have been retained, with the exception of obvious errors
+which have been corrected by reference to the 1587 edition of which
+the original is a transcription.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_4_1" id="Footnote_4_1"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_4_1">
+	<span class="label">[1]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'hauiug'; corrected to 'hauing'.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_4_2" id="Footnote_4_2"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_4_2">
+	<span class="label">[2]</span>
+  </a> Original reads ' o'; corrected to 'to'.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_4_3" id="Footnote_4_3"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_4_3">
+	<span class="label">[3]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'strenghthen'; corrected to 'strengthen'.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_4_4">
+	<span class="label">[4]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'insused'; corrected to 'insued'.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
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