initial commit of ebook 16762HEADmain

9 files changed, 17356 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6833f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+* text=auto
+*.txt text
+*.md text
diff --git a/16762-0.txt b/16762-0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7147a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/16762-0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5474 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland
+(2 of 6): England (6 of 12), by Raphael Holinshed
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland (2 of 6): England (6 of 12)
+       Richard the First
+
+Author: Raphael Holinshed
+
+Release Date: September 27, 2005 [EBook #16762]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Louise Pryor and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+RICHARD THE FIRST, Second sonne to Henrie the second.
+
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 1. 1189.] [Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] Richard the
+first of that name, and second sonne of Henrie the second, began his
+reigne ouer England the sixt day of Julie, in the yere of our Lord 1189.
+in the seauen and thirteeth yeare of the emperour Frederike the first,
+in the eleuenth yere of the reigne of Philip the second king of France,
+and king William surnamed the Lion as yet liuing in the gouernement of
+Scotland.
+
+This Richard, immediatlie after the solemnities of his fathers funerals
+were ended, made hast to Rouen, where he was ioifullie receiued, and
+proclamed duke of Normandie, receiuing the inuesture according to the
+custome, on the twentith day of Julie. [Sidenote: _Matt. Paris._] Then
+studieng to set all things in good order on that side the sea, he made
+search where his fathers treasure was preserued, and therevpon attached
+Stephan de Turnham, who was seneschall or gouernour (as we may call him)
+of Aniou, [Sidenote: Stephan de Turnham committed to prison.] and
+committing him to prison, compelled him to make deliuerie of all such
+summes of monie as he had hid and laid vp in certeine castels by the
+commandement of the late king his father.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _Polydor._] Whilest he was thus occupied, his
+brother John came to him, to whom he ioifullie gaue the welcome, and
+besides all other things which his father had bequeathed vnto him by his
+testament in England, amounting to the value of foure thousand pounds of
+yearelie rent, with the earledome of Mortaigne, [Sidenote: Isabell
+daughter to the earle of Glocester married to John y^e kings brother.]
+he procured a marriage for him (being now a widower) for his further
+aduancement with the ladie Isabell, daughter to Robert earle of
+Glocester, which earle had appointed the said John to be his heire as
+before is mentioned, although Baldwine the archbishop of Canturburie
+forbad the mariage, [Sidenote: She is named by diuerse authors Hauisia.
+_Matth. Paris._ _R. Houed._] bicause they were coosens in the third
+degree of consanguinitie. To Robert earle of Leicester also he restored
+all his lands which had béene taken from him, and such persons as his
+father had disherited, he restored likewise to their former rights and
+possessions, howbeit those had forsaken his father, and taken part with
+him against his said father, he séemed now so much to mislike, that he
+remooued them vtterlie from his presence, and contrariwise preferred
+such as had continued faithfull vnto his father in time of the troubles.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matt. Paris._] At length, king Richard remembring himselfe
+of his mother quéene Elianor, who had béene separated from the bed of
+hir husband for the space of sixtéene yeares, and was as yet deteined in
+prison in England, wrote his letters vnto the rulers of the realme,
+[Sidenote: The kings mother set at libertie.] commanding them to set hir
+againe at libertie, and withall appointed hir by his letters patents, to
+take vpon hir the whole gouernment of the kingdome in his absence. The
+quéene being thus deliuered, and hauing now the cheefe authoritie & rule
+in hir hands, rode in progresse about the realme, to sée the estate
+thereof; and as she passed from place to place, she shewed gladsome
+countenance to the people wheresoeuer she came, dooing also what she
+could to pleasure them, that she might thereby win their good willes to
+hir, and to hir sonne: but speciallie remembring by hir late experience
+and tast thereof, what an irksome & most gréeuous thing imprisonment
+was, she caused the gailes to be opened, and foorthwith set no small
+number of prisoners at libertie by the way as she passed through the
+countries, according to the verse of Virgil,
+    Non ignara mali miseris succurrere disco.
+
+In the meane time, king Richard concluding a league with Philip king of
+France, receiued all those places againe which were taken from his
+father by the same Philip, togither with his wife Adela, whom vpon
+suspicion that she had beene dishonested in hir person before, without
+anie sufficient proofe thereof had, he forsooke, & sent hir home with
+hir dowrie, and otherwise with great and princelie gifts, most
+bountifullie inriched, hauing alreadie concluded a marriage with the
+ladie Berengaria, daughter to Garsias king of Nauarre, who was sent into
+Sicill vnto hir sister Joane, that he might marrie hir there, as he
+passed that waie towards the holie land.
+
+Whilest these things passed thus in these parties, the christians in the
+holie land dailie sent hither for aid, [Sidenote: The 2. kings of
+England & France determine to go into the holie land] wherevpon the two
+kings of France and England tooke counsell togither, and determined with
+all conuenient speed to ioine their powers, & with ships prepared for
+that purpose to saile into Syria. Hauing thus concluded, they went about
+to prepare themselues of necessarie prouision for so long a iournie. Now
+when king Richard had set in order his affaires in Normandie and France,
+he came ouer into England, [Sidenote: At Southhampton the 21 of August
+saith _Ger. Dor._ _Rog. Houed._ _Matth. Paris._] landing at Portesmouth
+the 13. of August. With him also came his brother John, vnto whom he
+assigned the castels of Marlebridge, Lutegareshall, Peake, Bollesour,
+the honor of Wallingford, Tikehill and Eie, with the earledoms of
+Mortaigne, Dorset, Sumerset, Notingham, Derbie, Deuonshire, and
+Cornewall, with the earledome of Lancaster, intituling him earle of the
+same, whereby he was so exalted in state and degree, that he séemed in
+manner of a tetrarch, hauing as it were a fourth part of the realme in
+gouernance: but yet the king held some of the castels (in those counties
+and honors thus giuen to his brother) in his owne hands. Moreouer, vnto
+William Marshall he gaue in marriage the daughter of Richard earle of
+Chepstow, togither with the earledome which hir father possessed: and to
+Gilbert Fitz Roger the sonne of Rainfrey he gaue the daughter of William
+de Lancaster. After he was landed (as before ye haue heard) he hasted to
+Winchester, where his mother quéene Elianor with the most part of the
+English nobilitie had laine a good space to attend his comming, and
+there on the euen of the assumption of our ladie, the king was by them
+receiued with great ioy and triumph.
+
+¶ Here is to be noted, that whilest the quéene and lords laie in
+Winchester waiting for the kings arriuall, Geffrey Riddle the bishop of
+Elie departed this life. He is named by Geruasius Dorobernensis the
+proud bishop of Elie: but he might rather haue named him the rich
+bishop, for he left in his cofers no small quantitie of treasure, of the
+which thrée thousand and two hundred marks came to the kings part
+towards the charges of his coronation. No maruell though Geruasius spake
+somewhat in his dispraise, for (as he himselfe confesseth) he was no
+fréend but an enimie to moonks.
+
+But to let this passe, soone after the kings comming into England, he
+was informed that the Welshmen had broken into the English marshes, and
+destroyed certeine townes; to represse whose presumptuous attempts he
+made towards them, but was yet staied for that time, & reuoked by his
+mother. [Sidenote: His fathers treasure.] At Salisburie he found his
+fathers treasure, highlie reioising, for that the summe was far greater
+than he thought it would haue prooued, for besides the pretious stones,
+apparell, and iewels, it was reported he had there the sum of nine
+hundred thousand pounds in readie coine. [Sidenote: _R. Houed._ _Gau.
+Vinsaf._ _Nic. Triuet._ The second of September saith _Ger. Dor._] With
+this good hap king Richard not a little aduanced, came to London on the
+first of September, where he had appointed prouision to be made for his
+coronation, and so calling a councell of the Nobles of the realme, he
+receiued the crowne with all due and accustomed solemnitie, at the hands
+of Baldwin the archbishop of Canturburie, the third daie of September.
+
+[Sidenote: The order of his coronatiō. _Matth. Paris._] At his
+coronation, first the archbishops of Canturburie, Roan, Trier, and
+Dublin, which were present, with all the other bishops, abbats, and
+cleargie, apparelled in rich copes, and hauing the crosse, holie water
+and censures carried afore them, came to fetch him vnto the doore of his
+priuie chamber, and there receiuing him, they led him vnto the church at
+Westminster, till he came before the high altar with a solemne
+procession. [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] In the middle of the bishops and
+cleargie went foure barons, bearing candlesticks with tapers, after whom
+came Geffrey de Lucie bearing the cap of maintenance, and John Marshall
+next to him, bearing a great and massiue paire of spurs of gold: then
+followed William Marshall earle of Striguill aliàs Pembroke, who bare
+the roiall scepter, in the top wherof was set a crosse of gold: and
+William de Patrike earle of Salisburie going next him, bare the warder
+or rod, hauing on the top thereof a doue. Then came thrée other earles,
+Dauid brother to the king of Scots, the earle of Huntington, John the
+kings brother earle of Mortaigne, and Robert earle of Leicester, ech of
+them bearing a sword vpright in his hand with the scabberds richlie
+trimmed and adorned with gold.
+
+The earle of Mortaigne went in the midst betwixt the other two.
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] After them followed six earles and barons,
+bearing a checker table, vpon the which was set the kings scochens of
+armes, and then followed William Mandeuill earle of Albemarle, bearing a
+crowne of gold a great heigth before the king, who followed the same,
+hauing Hugh bishop of Durham on the right hand, and Reignold bishop of
+Bath on the left, ouer whom a canapie was borne: and in this order he
+came into the church at Westminster, where before the high altar in the
+presence of the cleargie & the people, laieng his hand vpon the holie
+euangelists and the relikes of certeine saincts, [Sidenote: The king his
+oth.] he tooke a solemne oth, that he should obserue peace, honour, and
+reuerence to almightie God, to his church, and to the ministers of the
+same all the daies of his life. Also that he should exercise vpright
+iustice to the people committed to his charge, and that he should
+abrogate and disanull all euill lawes and wrongfull customes, if anie
+were to be found within the precinct of his realme, and mainteine those
+that were good and laudable.
+
+This doone, he put off all his garments from the middle vpwards, his
+shirt excepted which was open on the shoulders, that he might be
+annointed. The archbishop of Canturburie annointed him then in thrée
+places, to wit, on the head, on the shoulders, and on the right arme,
+with praiers in such case accustomed. After this, he couered his head
+with a linnen cloth hallowed, and set his cap aloft thereon; and then
+when he had put on his roiall garments and vppermost robe, the
+archbishop tooke vnto him the sword wherewith he should beat downe the
+enimies of the church; which doone, two earles put his shoes vpon his
+feet, and hauing his mantell put on him, the archbishop forbad him on
+the behalfe of almightie God, not to presume to take vpon him this
+dignitie except he faithfullie meant to performe those things which he
+had there sworne to performe. Wherevnto the king made answer, that by
+Gods grace he would performe them. Then the king tooke the crowne beside
+the altar, and deliuered it to the archbishop, which he set vpon the
+kings head, deliuering to him the scepter to hold in his right hand, and
+the rod roiall in his left hand, & thus being crowned he was brought
+backe by the bishops and barons, with the crosse and candelsticks, and
+three swords passing foorth before him vnto his seat. When the bishop
+that sang the masse came to the offertorie, the two bishops that brought
+him to the church, led him to the altar, and brought him backe againe.
+
+Finallie when masse was doone, and all things ended in order as was
+requisit, he was brought with solemne procession into his chamber, where
+he put off his heauie rich apparell, and put on a crowne and other
+garments more light and easie, and so went to dinner, whereat wanted no
+store of meats & drinks, which were serued out in most princelie and
+bountifull wise.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] Vpon this daie of king Richards coronation,
+the Jewes that dwelt in London and in other parts of the realme, being
+there assembled, had but sorie hap, as it chanced. [Sidenote: The Jewes
+ment to present him with a rich gift.] For they meaning to honour the
+same coronation with their presence, and to present to the king some
+honourable gift, whereby they might declare themselues glad for his
+aduancement, and procure his freendship towards them, for the confirming
+of their priuileges & liberties, according to the grants and charters
+made to them by the former kings: he of a zealous mind to Christes
+religion, [Sidenote: _Matt. Paris._] abhorring their nation (and
+doubting some sorcerie by them to be practised) commanded that they
+should not come within the church when he should receiue the crowne, nor
+within the palace whilest he was at dinner.
+
+But at dinner time, among other that pressed in at the palace gate,
+diuerse of the Jewes were about to thrust in, [Sidenote: A Jew striken.]
+till one of them was striken by a Christian, who alledging the kings
+commandement, kept them backe from comming within the palace. Which some
+of the vnrulie people perceiuing, and supposing it had béene doone by
+the kings commandement, tooke lightlie occasion thereof, [Sidenote: The
+people fall vpon the Jewes and beat them.] and falling vpon the Jewes
+with staues, bats and stones, beat them and chased them home to their
+houses and lodgings. Héerewith rose a rumor through the citie, that the
+king had commanded the Jewes to be destroied, and therevpon came running
+togither, to assault them in their houses, which when they could not
+easilie breake vp nor enter, by reason the same were strongly builded,
+[Sidenote: Their houses are set on fire.] they set fire on them, so that
+diuers houses were consumed, not onelie of the Jewes, but also of their
+neighbours, so hideous was the rage of the fire. Here we see that
+    Regis ad exemplum totus componitur orbis.
+
+The king being aduertised of this riotous attempt of the outragious
+people, sent some of his councellours, as Ranulfe de Glanuille lord
+Justice, and other officers to appease the tumult: but their authoritie
+was nothing regarded, nor their persuasions any whit reuerenced, but
+their thretnings rather brought themselues in danger of life among the
+rude sort of those that were about to spoile, rob, and sacke the houses
+and shops of the Jewes: to the better accomplishment of which their
+vnlawfull act, the light that the fire of those houses which burned,
+gaue after it was once night, did minister no small helpe and occasion
+of furtherance. [Sidenote: Jewes burnt to death.] The Jewes that were in
+those houses which were set on fire, were either smoldred and burned to
+death within, or else at their comming foorth most cruellie receiued
+vpon the points of speares, billes, swords and gleaues of their
+aduersaries that watched for them verie diligentlie.
+
+This outrage of the furious and disordered people continued from the
+middest of the one day, till two of the clocke on the other; the commons
+all that while neuer ceassing their furie against that nation, but still
+killing them as they met with any of them, in most horrible, rash and
+vnreasonable maner. At length, rather wearied with their cruell dooings,
+than satisfied with spoile, or mooued with respect of reason or
+reuerence of their prince, they withdrew themselues from their riotous
+enterprise, after they had executed manie vnlawfull and horrible
+enormities. This great riot well deserued sore and gréeuous punishment,
+but yet it passed ouer without correction, in respect of the great
+number of the transgressors, and for that the most part of men for the
+hatred generallie concerned against the obstinate frowardnesse of the
+Jewes, liked the dooings hereof well inough, interpreting it to be a
+good token, that the ioifull daie of the kings aduancement to the crowne
+should be dolefull vnto the Jewes, in bringing them to such slaughter
+and destruction. Finallie, after that the tumult was ceassed, the king
+commanded that no man should hurt or harme any of the Jewes, and so they
+were restored to peace, after they had susteined infinit damage.
+
+¶ The occasion of this tragedie and bloudie tumult (redounding to the
+Jewes great vexation and pitifull distresse, but to the satisfieng of
+the peoples furious and vnbridled pronesse to crueltie) sprang
+principallie from the king, who if he had not so lightlie esteemed of
+the Jewes when they repaired vnto him with their present, in signe of
+submission and hope of obteining their sute then purposed to be
+exhibited; this hurlie burlie had not insued. For it was a violent
+example & a mightie motiue to the people to maligne the Jewes; as also a
+hart-gréefe to them in respect of their reiection, when the prince gaue
+them so discourteous a repulse. Here therefore is to be obserued, that
+the people is the princes ape, as one verie well saith. For looke
+whereto he is inclined, note wherein he delighteth; the same is the
+practise of the people: in consideration whereof the mightie ones of the
+world haue speciall cause to haue an eie to their course of life, & to
+set caueats before their actions, that the people may in them sée none
+but good signes of commendable & vertuous imitation. For
+    [Sidenote: _Pal. in suo sag._]
+        ---- regis imago
+    Vulgus, & ad mores accedere principis optat.
+    Qualis enim rex est talis quoque subditus illi
+    Esse solet populus, studijsque tenetur ijsdem.
+
+[Sidenote: A councell at Pipewell.] Shortlie after, to wit, the 15. day
+of September, a councell was holden at Pipewell, where the bishops and
+abbats being assembled, there were in presence of the king and of the
+archbishop of Canturburie elected certeine bishops and abbats to such
+places as then were vacant: and amongst other, William de Longchampe the
+kings chancellor was elected to the sée of Elie, [Sidenote: _Wil.
+Paruus._] Geffrey the kings bastard brother vnto the archbishoprike of
+Yorke, who was the 32. in number that had gouerned the same, Geffrey de
+Lucie to Winchester, one Hubert Walter to Salisburie, and Richard
+archdeacon of Elie, and the kings treasurer to the see of London. The
+abbeies that were prouided of abbats were these, Glastenburie,
+Shirborne, Persore and Feuersham. [Sidenote: The bishop of Whitherne
+consecrated. _Rog. Houed._] In like manner, John the elect of Whitherne
+was consecrated bishop of that see, by the hands of the archbishop of
+Dublin. Also in this councell the king ordeined Hugh bishop of Durham,
+and William Mandeuille earle of Albemarle, lord chéefe iustices of
+England, hauing deposed Ranulfe de Glanuille from that roome.
+
+Moreouer, the king being thus established in the estate of the kingdome,
+did not forget his iournie which he had promised into the holie land,
+but with all diligence made his prouision, and namelie he sought to
+gather monie to furnish his charges, and so therevpon leuied a tax,
+engaged, sold, and let to farme his lands, tols, customs, and other his
+reuenewes, [Sidenote: _Matt. Par._] with certeine counties and offices,
+so that he made an exceeding summe of monie. He also found, that Ranulfe
+de Glanuille lord chéefe iustice, and other of the head magistrates had
+not behaued themselues vprightlie in the administration of their
+offices; so that he both deposed the said lord cheefe iustice as is
+aforesaid, and almost all the shiriffes and their deputies within the
+realme of England, putting them to greeuous fines for their offenses and
+transgressions, and so by that meanes he got no small deale of monie.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] ¶ Here note by the waie, how William Paruus
+affirmeth, that where this Ranulfe Glanuille, being a man of high
+wisedome and stept into age, saw that, manie things were doone by the
+new king, not so aduisedlie, nor with such foresight as they ought to
+be, sought of his owne accord to be discharged of his office, that he
+might the better prepare himselfe to go in that iournie to the holie
+land, as by taking vpon him the crosse he had vowed in the daies of king
+Henrie, and so he solemnelie renounced his office, which other (nothing
+so worthie of it) did afterwards inioy.
+
+Moreouer, the king vnderstanding that Hugh Putsey or Pudsey bishop of
+Durham, being a verie aged man, had much monie, [Sidenote: The bishop of
+Durham Sadberge.] he sold to him the manour of Seggesfield or Sadberge,
+with the wapentake belonging to the same, and also found meanes to
+persuade him to buy his owne prouince, which he did, giuing to the king
+an inestimable summe of monie, [Sidenote: The bishop of Durham made an
+earle.] and was therevpon created an earle by the king for the same:
+wherevpon he was intituled both bishop and earle of Durham, whereat the
+king would iest afterwards and saie; "What a cunning craftesman am I,
+that haue made a new earle of an old bishop?"
+
+Furthermore, the same bishop gaue to the king a thousand markes to be
+made chéefe iustice of England, and that he might tarrie at home, and
+not go into the holie land. And bicause he would not be reprooued of any
+person, he obteined of the apostolike sée (which faileth no man that is
+surcharged with white or red mettall, and would be eased) a licence for
+a summe of monie to be dispensed with for that iournie. The king thus
+being earnestlie bent to make commoditie of those things, for the which
+he might get any monie at all, [Sidenote: The citizens of London present
+monie to the King. _Polydor._ Liberties granted to London. Two
+bailiffes.] the citizens of London presented vnto him a great summe
+towards the furnishing foorth of his enterprise. Wherevpon to acquite
+their courtesie, he granted them large priuileges, and ordeined that the
+citie should be ruled by two head officers, which they should choose
+amongst themselues remoueable from yeare to yeare by the name of
+bailiffes. The names of the two first bailiffes chosen by force of that
+ordinance, were[1] Henrie Cornehill, and Richard Fitz Reiner.
+
+The citie before those daies euer since the comming in of William
+Conquerour, and a good while before his time, [Sidenote: Port Greues.]
+was gouerned by certeine officers or rulers named Port Greues (which
+word is deriued of two Saxon words, as Port and Greue. By Port is meant
+a towne, and by Greue a gardian or ruler, as who should saie, A kéeper
+or ruler of a towne.) These rulers with[2] the lawes & customes then
+vsed within this citie, were registered in a booke called (as some haue
+said) Doomesdaie, but through negligence after these lawes and customes
+were changed and altered, the booke was lost, so that the remembrance of
+such rulers as were before the daies of this Richard the first are not
+to be had. These bailiffes euer entred at Michaelmasse, and so continued
+foorth their yeare.
+
+Thus began the citie first to receiue the forme and state of a
+common-wealth, and to be diuided into felowships, which they call crafts
+or corporations. Such also are admitted to the fellowships of these
+companies, [Sidenote: Apprentises.] as haue truelie serued as
+apprentises a certeine number of yeares, as seuen at the least, vnder
+which time of seruice expired, there is none made frée, nor suffered to
+inioy the liberties of that citie, sauing such as are borne free,
+[Sidenote: Fréemen.] that is to saie, of fréemen within the citie, of
+whome at this time, it is not much materiall to make any further report.
+The citie thus consisting of the said craftes or occupations, chooseth
+out of the same a senat or companie of graue councellours, whom they
+name Aldermen (E) changed into (A) according to the old Saxon
+pronuntiation. [Sidenote: Wards.] It is also diuided into 26. tribes or
+wards, of the which euerie one hath his seuerall Alderman, or ouerseer,
+who haue both authoritie sufficient, and large priuileges to mainteine
+the good gouernement of their portions withall. Out of the number of
+these, there is another officer yearelie chosen and appointed,
+[Sidenote: The Maior.] called the Maior, who ruleth all the rest.
+
+But now to returne vnto the further dooings of king Richard before his
+departure out of England towards his iournie into the land of Palestine,
+commonlie called Holie land, it is said, he made such sale of things
+apperteining to him, as well in right of the crowne, as otherwise,
+[Sidenote: K. Richard setteth things on sale. _Ran. Higd._ _Wil.
+Paruus._] that it séemed to diuerse he made his reckoning neuer to
+returne againe, in so much that some of his councellours told him
+plainelie, that he did not well in making things awaie so freelie, to
+the dishonoring of his maiestie, and preiudice of his successour; vnto
+whome he answered, "that in time of need it was no euill policie for a
+man to help himselfe with his owne," and further ioined hereto these
+words, "that if London at that time of néed would be bought, he would
+surelie sell it, if he might méet with a conuenient merchant that were
+able to giue him monie inough for it."
+
+Another way he had also to gather riches, and that was this. He had a
+licence of pope Innocent the third, to dispense with such as pleased him
+within his realme, for their vowes made to go into the holie land,
+although they had taken on them the crosse for that purpose, namelie
+such as he should appoint to remaine behind him for the defense of his
+countrie: and of these also he tooke abundantlie, and diuerse other he
+compelled to fine, namelie, to the end that he might get their monie
+likewise, that hereby he obteined no small summe toward the furniture of
+his iournie. But both pope & prince forgat in the meane while, that
+    Boni pastoris est tondere pecus non excoriare.
+
+This yeare also in the moneth of Nouember, as Matthew Paris saith,
+Johannes de Anagnia a cardinall and legat from the pope arriued here in
+England, comming on land at Douer, and bicause the king was as then in
+the north parts, the same cardinall was prohibited on the behalfe of the
+kings mother quéene Elianor, to passe any further without the kings
+commandement. And so he staied there thirtéene daies at the charges of
+the archbishop of Canturburie, till the king came to those parties, by
+whose wisedome a direction was taken for the quieting of the
+controuersie betwixt the archbishop, and the moonkes of Canturburie, for
+the chappell church of Hakington now called S. Stephans.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._] In the same moneth of Nouember, by the kings
+appointment, Geffrey the elect of Yorke, who was the kings brother, with
+other barons and lords of Yorkeshire, [Sidenote: William king of Scots.]
+receiued William king of Scotland at the water of Tweed, and from thence
+with all due reuerence and honour they brought him vnto Canturburie,
+[Sidenote: A councell called at Canturburie. _Polydor._ An oth. _Matth.
+Paris._] where the king had called a councell of the lords of his realme
+both spirituall and temporall, in the which euerie of them tooke an oth
+to be true to the king, and to continue in due obedience vnder him and
+his lawes, which oth also the king of Scots receiued, being there
+present, and likewise king Richards brethren earle John and Geffrey the
+archbishop of Yorke.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _Polydor._] The king of Scots therefore
+hauing receiued this oth, and thinking the time to serue his purpose for
+redéeming of those castels, which were deliuered to king Henrie as gages
+for his ransome, paid now vnto king Richard ten thousand markes,
+[Sidenote: Restitution made to the K. of Scots. _Wil. Paruus._] and had
+restitution for the same, that is of Berwike, Roxburgh, Sterling, and
+Edenburgh. But William Paruus saieth, that Edenburgh was restored to him
+in the daies of king Henrie, by reason of his wife which he tooke in the
+parties beyond the seas: and herewith agréeth the Scotish chronicle.
+King Richard also assigned to queene Elianor his mother, the accustomed
+dower, with manie lordships and honours beside, as an augmentation
+thereof. [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] About which time died William de
+Mandeuille earle of Albemarle at Rouen, and Hugh de Putsey the nephue of
+the bishop of Durham died at Aclet, and was buried at Durham. [Sidenote:
+_N. Triuet._] Also Formalis archbishop of Trier died at Northampton, and
+was there buried in the church of S. Andrews.
+
+In the meane time, king Richard still desirous to furnish himselfe with
+monie, deuised yet another shift, and feigned that he had lost his
+seale; wherefore he commanded a new to be made, which being doone, he
+caused it to be proclaimed and published in euerie countrie, [Sidenote:
+_Matth. Paris._] that those to whome he had granted any thing by his
+déed or charter, meaning to inioy the same in suretie, should not thinke
+it much to come and haue it confirmed by his new seale, least afterward
+the other being lost, their lawfull titles might be called into
+question. Wherevpon manie that could not come to him whilest he was in
+England, were glad to follow him, and saile ouer into Normandie, and
+there to fine at his pleasure for the new seale, to the end that their
+writings might be confirmed thereby, and made so much the more sure to
+them and their successours. For the same businesse also Remigius the
+prior of S. Albons, and manie other went ouer to their great costs,
+charges, and trauell, after he was transported into France.
+
+I find moreouer about the same time, that the kings brother earle John
+exhibited a sore complaint against the Romane legat and other bishops,
+for that the archbishop of Canturburie, after the appeale made vnto the
+apostolike sea, had put his lands vnder interdiction for his mariage
+made with the earle of Glocesters daughter: which when the legat heard,
+he foorthwith confirmed the appeale, and released the earles lands of
+the aforesaid interdiction. The same time also, the tenth part of all
+the mooueable goods thorough the realme of England was leuied to the aid
+of the warres in the holie land. And this collection passing vnder the
+name of an almes, was extended vpon the goods as well of the spirituall
+men as temporall.
+
+After all this, K. Richard desirous to set order in the gouernment of
+his realme, [Sidenote: Hugh bishop of Durham gouerneth the north parts.
+_Matth. Paris._] appointed Hugh bishop of Durham to haue the rule of the
+north parts as cheefe iustice from Humber northwards toward Scotland,
+deliuering vnto him also the keeping of Winchester castell: the residue
+of the kingdome (with the custodie of the towre) he assigned to the
+gouernance of William Longchampe bishop of Elie, [Sidenote: William
+Lōgchampe bishop of Elie.] whome he had made cheefe iustice of that
+part, and chancellour of the realme, a man of great diligence and
+knowledge in the administration of things, but verie factious and
+desirous of rule, honour and riches farre aboue all measure. And with
+these two he ioined in commission Hugh Bardulfe, William Marshall earle
+of Chepstow, or rather Penbrooke, Geffrey Fitz-Peter, & William Brewer,
+men of great honour, wisedome, and discretion.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ King Richard passeth ouer in to Normandie.] On
+the fift day of December, he departed from Canturburie, and went to
+Douer, there to take water, and so on the eleuenth day of December he
+passed ouer vnto Calice, where he found Philip earle of Flanders readie
+to receiue him, who attended vpon him till he came into Normandie,
+[Sidenote: 1190.] where the king held his Christmas at Burun, [Sidenote:
+_Vadum sancti Remigij._ A league betwixt y^e kings of England and
+France.] and immediatlie came to an enteruiew with the French king at
+Gue S. Remige, where they concluded peace togither, to be kept betwixt
+them & their countries on ech part; the which was put in writing, and
+confirmed with their oths and seales in the feast of saint Hilarie.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._] Furthermore, about the purification of our
+ladie, Elianor the quéene mother, and the ladie Alice sister to the
+French king, Baldwine archbishop of Canturburie, John bishop of
+Norwhich, Hugh bishop of Durham, Geffrey bishop of Winchester, Reignold
+bishop of Bath, William Bishop of Elie, Hubert bishop of Salisburie, and
+Hugh bishop of Chester, with Geffrey the elect of Yorke and John earle
+of Mortaigne the kings two brethren, by commandement of the king passed
+ouer into Normandie, to commen with him before his setting forward.
+
+¶ Some write, that now at this present, the king should ordeine or
+rather confirme the bishop of Elie his chancellour to be lord chéefe
+iustice ouer all England, and the bishop of Durham to be lord iustice
+from Trent northwards. [Sidenote: Contention betwixt two ambitious
+bishops.] But whensoeuer they were thus aduanced to such dignities,
+howsoeuer they came by them, directlie or indirectlie, true it is, that
+immediatlie therevpon, strife and discord did arise betwixt them: for
+waxing proud and insolent, they disdained ech other, contending which of
+them should bare most rule and authoritie, insomuch that whatsoeuer
+séemed good to the one, the other misliked, as in cases where[3]
+parteners in authoritie are equall, it often happeneth. The like hereof
+is noted before betwéene the archbishops of Canturburie and Yorke in
+diuerse kings reignes. For the nature of ambition is to delight in
+singularitie, to admit no peere, to giue place to no superior, to
+acknowledge no equall. Hereto alludeth the poet verie neatlie, and
+exemplifieth it in the old Romans, the order of whose actions is
+continued at this day, as by the words insuing may be gathered, and
+ordinarilie obserued booth here and elsewhere;
+    [Sidenote: _M. Pal. in sua virg._]
+                                 ---- olim
+    Romulidæ orabant, iacto post terga pudore
+    Plebeios, quoties suffragia venabantur,
+    Cerdonúmq; animos precibus seruilibus atq;
+    Turpibus obsequijs captabant, muneribúsq;
+    Vt proprijs rebus curarent publica omissis;
+    Pérq; forum medium multis comitantibus irent,
+    Inflati vt vento folles, ac fronte superba, &c.
+
+Moreouer, at the same time he caused his two brethren, earle John, and
+Geffrey the elect archbishop of Yorke to take an oth not to returne into
+England during the terme of thrée yeares next insuing, without his
+consent and licence first had. This he did, foreséeing what might
+happen, prouiding as it were against such practises as his brethren
+might happilie attempt against him. But yet his mother quéene Elianor
+procured him to reuoke that decree immediatlie, least it might seeme to
+the world, that hir sonnes should stand in feare one of another.
+[Sidenote: Erle John licenced to returne into England.] And so the earle
+of Mortaigne was licenced to returne into England at his pleasure,
+swearing an oth at his departure to obeie the kings beheast, and truelie
+to serue him, according to the dutie of a good and loiall subiect. The
+bishop of Elie lord chancellour and cheefe iustice of England was also
+sent backe hither into this realme, to set forward things behoouefull
+for the kings iournie.
+
+[Sidenote: The bishop of Elie returneth.] In like maner the king sent to
+Rome to obteine that the said bishop of Elie might be constituted the
+popes legat through both the prouinces of Canturburie and Yorke, and
+likewise through Wales and Ireland. Which was soone granted by the
+bulles of pope Clement the third, bearing date the 5. of June. For the
+which office the bishops gaue him 1500. marks, to the great offense of
+the king, as he shewed afterward to cardinall Octauian that came to
+visit him when he arriued in the riuer of Tiber, being vpon his iourneie
+towards Messina, as after may appeare. But in the meanetime, calling
+togither the lords, and peeres of those his dominions on that side the
+sea, [Sidenote: _Polydor._] to wit, Normandie, Britaine, Aniou, Poitou,
+and Guien, he consulted with them what number of soldiors and how many
+ships it should be conuenient for him to take with him and furnish into
+Asia: and herewith he did command them also to obeie Robert earle of
+Leicester, whome he appointed to remaine amongst them as his lieutenant
+or vicegerent of those parts during his absence.
+
+¶ But here to leaue king Richard in consultation for matters
+appertaining to his iournie, and shew brieflie what happened (by the
+waie) to the Jewes, [Sidenote: _W. Paruus._] which as then dwelt heere
+in England, after that king Richard was passed ouer into Normandie: ye
+haue heard how after the riot against them at London, when the king was
+crowned, he tooke order that they should remaine in peace vnder his
+protection, and commanded that no person should in anie wise molest
+them. But now after that he was gone ouer, and that the souldiers (which
+prepared themselues to follow him) began to assemble in routs, the heads
+of the common people began to wax wild and faine would they haue had
+some occasion of raising a new tumult against the Jewes, [Sidenote: The
+hatred borne to the Jewes.] whome (for their vnmercifull vsurie
+practised to the vndooing of manie an honest man) they most deadlie
+hated, wishing most earnestlie their expulsion out of England. Hervpon
+by reason of a riot committed latelie against them, at the towne of Lin
+in Norfolke, where manie of them were slaine, other people in other
+parts of the realme, taking occasion hereat, as if they had béene called
+vp by the sound of a bell or trumpet, arose against them in those townes
+where they had any habitations, and robbed and bet them after a
+disordered and most riotous maner.
+
+[Sidenote: _Iohn Textor._] As at Stamford (on the faire day in Lent); at
+Lincolne and at Yorke, in which citie after a number of them had béene
+besieged certeine daies within a towre of the kings (whither they fled
+for succour) one of their learned gouernours caused foure hundred of
+their companie to consent to haue their throts cut one at an others
+hands, [Sidenote: Fiue hundred saith _Houeden_ and _Textor_] he himselfe
+cutting his wiues throt first, whose name was Anna, then his childrens,
+one after another, and last of all slue himselfe onelie rather than he
+would fall into the hands of the christians, that had thus long besieged
+them. The rest perceiuing what their great Rabbi had doone, set fire
+vpon all their goods and substance, which they had gotten into the tower
+with them, and so consuming the same, would haue burnt also the residue
+of their fellowes which would not agrée to the Rabbies counsell, in the
+cruell murthering of themselues, if they had not taken a strong turret
+hard by within that tower, and defended themselues both from the fire
+and crueltie of their brethren, who had made awaie themselues in such
+manner as I haue said: and that to the number of foure hundred, or (as
+some write) fiue hundred at the least.
+
+On the morow, those that were saued, called out to the people, and not
+onelie shewed how and after what sort their fellowes were dispatched,
+but also offered to be baptised, and forsake their Judaisme, if they
+might haue their liues saued from the imminent & present danger wherein
+they saw themselues to be wrapped, through the furie of the people. To
+be short, this thing was granted, and they came foorth, howbeit they
+were no sooner entred into the prease, but they were all slaine, and not
+one man of them preserued.
+
+After this also, the people ran to the cathedrall church, and broke into
+those places where their bonds and obligations laie, by the which they
+had diuerse of the kings subiects bound vnto them in most vnconscionable
+sort, and for such detestable vsurie as (if the authors that write
+thereof were not of credit) would hardlie be beleeued. All which
+euidences or bonds they solemnelie burned in the middest of the church.
+After which, ech went his waie, the souldiers to the king, and the
+commons to their houses, and so was the citie quieted. This happened at
+Yorke on Palmesundaie eeue, being the 17. of March: and vpon the 15. of
+that moneth, those that inhabited in the towne of S. Edmundsburie in
+Suffolke, were set vpon, and manie of them slaine. The residue that
+escaped, through the procurement of the abbat then named Samson, were
+expelled, so that they neuer had anie dwellings there since that time.
+
+Thus were the Jewes vnmercifullie dealt with in all places in maner
+through this realme, the first beginning whereof chanced at London (as
+before ye haue heard) and the next at Lin, of which I thinke it good to
+note some part of the maner therof, although breeflie, and so to returne
+to my purpose. The occasion therefore of the tumult at Lin chanced by
+this meanes: it fortuned that one of the Jewes there was become a
+christian, wherewith those of his nation were so mooued, that they
+determined to kill him where soeuer they might find him. And herevpon
+they set vpon him one daie as he came by, through the streets: he to
+escape their hands fled to the next church; but his countriemen were so
+desirous to execute their malicious purpose, that they followed him
+still, and inforced themselues to breake into the church vpon him.
+Herewith the noise being raised by the christians that sought to saue
+the conuerted Jew, a number of mariners being forreners, that were
+arriued there with their vessells out of sundrie parts, and diuerse also
+of the townesmen came to the rescue, and setting vpon the Jewes, caused
+them to flee into their houses.
+
+The townesmen were not verie earnest in pursuing of them, bicause of the
+kings proclamation and ordinance before time made in fauour of the
+Jewes: [Sidenote: The slaughter made of the Jews at Lin.] but the
+mariners followed them to their houses, slue diuerse of them, robbed and
+sacked their goods, and finallie set their dwellings on fire, and so
+burnt them vp altogither. These mariners being inriched with the spoile
+of the Jewes goods, and fearing to be called to accompt for their
+vnlawfull act by the kings officers, got them foorthwith to shipboord,
+and hoising vp sailes, departed with their ships to the sea, and so
+escaped the danger of that which might haue béene otherwise laid to
+their charge. The townesmen being called to an accompt excused
+themselues by the mariners, burdening them with all the fault. But
+although they of Lin were thus excused, yet they of Yorke escaped not so
+easilie. For the king being aduertised of such outrage, doone contrarie
+to the order of his lawes and expresse commandement, wrote ouer to the
+bishop of Elie his chancellour, charging him to take cruell punishment
+of the offenders.
+
+The bishop with an armie went to Yorke, but the cheefe authors of the
+riot hearing of his comming, fled into Scotland: yet the bishop at his
+comming to the citie, caused earnest inquirie to be made of the whole
+matter. The citizens excused themselues, & offered to proue that they
+were not of counsel with them that had committed the riot, neither had
+they aided nor comforted them therein an anie maner of wise. And in déed
+the most part of them that were the offenders, were of the countries and
+townes néere to the citie, with such as were crossed into the holie
+land, and now gone ouer to the king, so that verie few or none of the
+substantiall men of the citie were found to haue ioined with them.
+[Sidenote: The citizens of Yorke put to their fine for slaughter of the
+Jewes.] Howbeit this would not excuse the citizens, but that they were
+put to their fine by the stout Bishop, euerie of them paieng his portion
+according to his power and abilitie in substance, the common sort of the
+poore people being pardoned, and not called into iudgement, sith the
+ringleaders were fled and gone out of the waie: and thus much by waie of
+digression touching the Jews.
+
+Now to returne vnto the king, who in this meane time was verie busie to
+prouide all things necessarie to set forward on his iournie; his ships
+which laie in the mouth of the riuer of Saine, being readie to put off,
+he tooke order in manie points concerning the state of the common-wealth
+on that side, and chéefelie he called to mind, that it should be a thing
+necessarie for him, to name who should succeed him in the kingdome of
+England, if his chance should not be to returne againe from so long and
+dangerous a iournie. [Sidenote: _Matt. West._] He therefore named (as
+some suppose) his nephue Arthur, the sonne of his brother Geffrey duke
+of Britaine, to be his successour in the kingdome, a yoong man of a
+likelie proofe and princelie towardnesse, but not ordeined by God to
+succéed ouer this kingdome.
+
+About the same time the bishop of Elie, lord chancellour and cheefe
+iustice of England, tooke vp to the kings vse, of euerie citie in
+England two palfries and two sumpter horsses, & of euerie abbeie one
+palfrie and one sumpter horsse, & euerie manour within the realme found
+also one palfrie and one sumpter horsse. Moreouer, the said bishop of
+Elie, deliuered the gouernement of Yorkeshire to his brother Osbert de
+Longchampe: and all those knights of the said shire, the which would not
+come to make answer to the law vpon summons giuen them, he commanded to
+be apprehended and by and by cast in prison. Also when the bishop of
+Durham was returned from the king and come ouer into England to go vnto
+his charge, at his meeting with the lord chancellour at Elie
+(notwithstanding that he shewed him his letters patents of the grant
+made to him to be iustice from Trent northward) the said lord
+chancellour taking his iournie to Southwell with him, [Sidenote: The
+bishop of Durham restreined of libertie.] there deteined him as
+prisoner, till he had made surrender to him of the castell of Windsor, &
+further had deliuered to him his sonnes, Henrie de Putsey, and Gilbert
+de la Ley, as pledges that he should keepe the peace against the king
+and all his subiects, vntill the said prince should returne from the
+holie land. And so he was deliuered for that time, though shortlie
+after, and whilest he remained at Houeden, there came to him Osbert de
+Longchampe the lord chancellours brother, and William de Stuteuille, the
+which caused the said bishop to find sufficient suretie that he should
+not thence depart without the kings licence, or the lord chancellors, so
+long as the king should be absent. Herevpon the bishop of Durham sent
+knowledge to the king how and in what sort he had béene handled by the
+chancellor.
+
+In the meane time the king was gone into Gascoigne, [Sidenote: William
+de Chisi.] where he besieged a castell that belonged to one William de
+Chisi, and tooke both the castell and the owner, whome he caused to be
+hanged for the spoiles and robberies which he had committed vpon
+pilgrims that passed by those parts toward Compostella, to visit the
+bodie of saint James. After this, the king came backe vnto Chinon in
+Aniou, [Sidenote: The kings nauie is set foorth.] and there tooke order
+for the setting foorth of his nauie by sea, ouer which he appointed
+chéefe gouernours Gerard archbishop of Aux, Bernard bishop of Baieux,
+[Sidenote: Baion. Sablius, or Sabuille.] Robert de Sablius, Richard de
+Camuille[4], and William de Fortz de Vlerun, commanding all those that
+should passe foorth with his said nauie, to be obedient vnto these
+persons as his deputies and lieutenants. Herewith they were appointed to
+prouide victuals to serue all those that should go by sea for the space
+of 60 daies.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] The king also made the same time certeine
+ordinances to be obserued among the seafaring men which tended to this
+effect:
+
+     [Sidenote: Slaiers of men.]
+     1 First, that if any man chanced to slea an other on the
+     shipboord, he should be bound to the dead bodie and so throwne
+     into the sea.
+
+     2 Secondlie, if he killed him on land, he should yet be bound to
+     him as before, and so buried quicke togither.
+
+     [Sidenote: Brallers. Punishment for blouddrawers.]
+     3 Thirdlie, if any man should be conuicted by lawfull witnesse,
+     that he drew any weapon to strike any other, or chanced by
+     striking at any man to draw bloud of him that was smitten, he
+     should lose his hand.
+
+     4 Fourthlie, if he gaue but a blowe with his fist without
+     bloudshedding, he should be plunged three seuerall times ouer
+     head and eares in the water.
+
+     [Sidenote: Reuilers.]
+     5 Fifthlie, if any man reuiled another, he should for euerie time
+     so misusing himselfe, forfeit an ounce of siluer.
+
+     [Sidenote: Theft and pickeries.]
+     6 Sixtlie, that if anie man were taken with theft or pickerie,
+     and thereof conuicted, he should haue his head polled, and hot
+     pitch powred vpon his pate, and vpon that, the feathers of some
+     pillow or cushion shaken aloft, that he might thereby be knowne
+     for a theefe, and at the next arriuall of the ships to any land,
+     be put foorth of the companie to seeke his aduenture, without all
+     hope of returne vnto his fellowes.
+
+These were the statutes which this famous prince did enact at the first
+for his nauie, which sithens that time haue been verie much inlarged.
+About the same time John Bishop of Whiterne in Scotland, suffragane to
+the church of Yorke, ordeined Geffrey archbishop of Yorke, préest.
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] At the same season also the election of the
+same Geffrey was confirmed by pope Clement, who among other things that
+he wrote to the chapiter of Yorke on his behalfe, in the end he addeth
+these words: "We do therefore admonish you all, and by the apostolicall
+bulles command you, that you exhibit both reuerence and honour vnto him
+as vnto your prelat, that thereby you may appeare commendable both
+before God and man. Giuen at Lateran in the nones of March and third
+yeare of our gouernment."
+
+Whilest these things were in dooing, there came into France legats from
+the said Clement, to mooue the two kings to make all the spéed possible
+towards their iourneie, bicause of the great danger wherein things stood
+in Palestine, requiring present helpe. Herevpon king Richard (his men
+and prouision being readie) commanded that his ships should set forward,
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._ King Richard set forward on his iournie. _Rog.
+Houed._] & to coast about by the streicts of Giberalterre to come vnto
+Marseilles, where he appointed to méet them, and so with a chosen
+companie of men he also set foorth thitherwards by land, and comming to
+Tours, receiued the scrip and staffe as a pilgrime should, at the hands
+of the archbishop there.
+
+After this, both the kings of England and France met at Vizeley in the
+octaues of the natiuitie of S. John Baptist, and when they had remained
+there two daies they passed foorth to the citie of Lion; [Sidenote: An.
+Reg. 2.] where the two kings departed in sunder, and each one kept his
+iournie, the one toward Guenes, where his nauie was appointed to come to
+him, and the other to Marseilles, there to méet with his fléet,
+according to his appointment. [Sidenote: The English fléet staied by
+contrarie winds.] But the English ships being let and staied by the way
+by contrarie winds and rigorous tempests, which tossed them[5] to and
+fro vpon the coasts of Spaine, could not come in any conuenient time
+vnto Marseilles, [Sidenote: Twentie gallies & twelue other vessels saith
+_Houed._] so that king Richard thinking long to tarrie for them, &
+perceiuing they could not kéepe their appointed time, he hired ships
+from all places thereabouts, and embarking himselfe and his men in the
+same, [Sidenote: Vpon the seauenth day of August saith _Houeden_.] vpon
+saint Laurence euen, sailed foorth towards Sicile, where he was
+appointed to méet with king Philip.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] Here is to be noted, that king Richard made
+not all that iourneie from Marseilles to Messina by sea, but sundrie
+times comming on land, hired horsses, and rode foorth alongst the coast,
+appointing with his ships and gallies where to meet him, and sometimes
+he rested certeine daies togither in one place or other as at
+Portdelphin, at Naples, and at Salerne, from whence there departed from
+him Baldwine archbishop of Canturburie, Hubert bishop of Salisburie, and
+the lord Ranulfe de Glanuille, the which taking vpon them to go before,
+with prosperous wind and weather in short space landed at Acon, which
+was then besieged, as you shall heare hereafter.
+
+At Rome the king came not, but being within the streame of the riuer of
+Tiber, there came to him a cardinall named Octauianus, bishop of Hostia,
+[Sidenote: King Richard blameth the court of Rome for couetousnesse.] to
+whome be spake manie reprochfull words of the couetousnesse vsed in the
+court of Rome (a vice reputed the common nursse of all mischéefes, as
+one verie well noteth,
+    Vbi auaritia est, habitant fermè omnia ibidem
+    Flagitia, impietas, periuria, furta, rapinæ,
+    Fraudes atq; doli, insidiæq; & proditiones,
+    Iurgia & infandæ cædes, &c.)
+Bicause they had receiued seauen hundred marks for the consecration of
+the bishop of Mauns, and 1500. marks for the confirming of the bishop of
+Elie the popes legat. And againe no small summe of monie they had
+receiued of the archbishop of Burdeaux, when vpon an accusation brought
+against him by the cleargie of his prouince he should haue béene
+deposed. In the meane time whiles king Richard thus passed forward
+towards Messina, the nauie that was appointed to coast about Spaine and
+to méet him at Marseilles, was tossed (as before is said) with wind and
+tempests, and a part thereof, that is, to wit, ten ships driuen here and
+there on the coasts of Spaine, of which number nine arriued at Lisbone
+and the tenth being a ship of London arriued at the citie of Sylua,
+which was then the vttermost citie of Spaine, that was inhabited with
+christians.
+
+The Saracens at that time made warres against the king of Portingale, so
+that the Portingales stood in néed of aid, in so much that they of Sylua
+did not onelie intreat the Englishmen to staie with them for a time, but
+also got grant of them to breake their ship, with the timber whereof
+they might the better fortifie their towne, promising that their king
+should recompense them with an other as good as theirs, and also further
+satisfie them for their seruice, during the time of their abode therein
+defense of that citie. Likewise of those that arriued at Lisbone there
+went to the number of fiue hundred vnto saint Iranes, [Sidenote: The king
+of Portingale.] where the king of Portingale then was, looking to be
+assaulted by his enimies: [Sidenote: Almiramumoli king of the Saracens.]
+but by the counterfet[6] death of the great K. of the Saracens named
+Boiac Almiramumoli (who feared these new succours, and doubted the
+sequele of his dooings, to the end he might depart with honour, he
+fained himselfe dead) the king of Portingale was for that time
+presentlie deliuered out of danger.
+
+Herevpon he returned to Lisbone, where he found three score and thrée
+other ships of king Richards nauie there newlie arriued, [Sidenote:
+Robert de Sabuuille. Richard de Camuille.] ouer the which were chéefe
+capteins Robert de Sabuuille, and Richard de Camuille: which at their
+comming to land could not so gouerne their people, but that some
+naughtie fellowes amongst them fell to breaking and robbing of orchards:
+some also entring into the citie, behaued themselues verie disorderlie.
+But yet by the comming of the king, their lewdnesse was staied; so that
+he seemed not to séeke reuenge of the pilgrims, but rather with
+courteous meanes to bridle their vnlawfull attempts: wherevnto the
+diligence of the English capteines not a little preuailed for a while,
+but yet for all that could be done on both sides, within three daies
+after, a new tumult was raised betwixt the English pilgrims and the
+townesmen, and diuerse hurt and killed on either part.
+
+[Sidenote: A mutinie betwixt the Englishmen and the townsmen of
+Lisbone.] Wherevpon the king caused the gates of the citie to be shut,
+and all those that were come from the ships into the citie to eat and
+drinke (being in number about seauen hundred) were apprehended and
+committed to ward: [Sidenote: Englishmen committed to prison.] and
+before they could be released, sir Robert Sabuuille and sir Richard
+Camuille were glad to agree with the king, so as all former offenses
+being remitted, and things taken by either part restored, the Englishmen
+promised to obserue the peace against the king of Portingale and his
+people; and he likewise couenanted for him and his subiects, that they
+should kéepe the peace against all pilgrims that went foorth in this
+voiage, and vse them like his fréends, and thus the quarell ceased.
+
+Soone after, the English nauie departed from Lisbone, and came into the
+mouth of the riuer of Taie, betwéene Caperico and Belem, where the same
+daie on saint James éeue the lord William de Forzdulerun arriued also
+with thrée and thirtie other ships, [Sidenote: The English ships méet
+togither.] and so then they were in all about an hundred and six sailes
+verie well furnished and manned, and so from thence taking their course
+towards Marseilles, finallie they arriued there in the octaues of the
+assumption of our ladie; and staieng there an eight daies (till they had
+repaired such things about their ships as were néedfull) they set
+forward againe, and came to Messina in Sicile in the feast of the
+exaltation of the crosse. On the sunday following also came the French
+king thither, hauing lost no small part of his nauie by tempests of
+weather.
+
+[Sidenote: They arriue at Messina.] King Richard as then remained at
+Salern, and hearing that his nauie was gone towards Messina, he departed
+thence on the thirteenth day of September, and hasted forth towards
+Messina, passing by Melphi and Cocenza, and so at length comming to Faro
+de Messina, he passed the same, [Sidenote: K. Richard arriueth at
+Messina.] and on the 23. day of September arriued at Messina with great
+noise of trumpets and other instruments, to the woonder of the French
+king and others that beheld his great puissance and roiall behauiour now
+at this comming. The same time he went vnto the French kings lodging, to
+commen with him of their businesse: and immediatlie the French king
+tooke the sea, in purpose to haue passed forward on his iournie but by
+contrarie wind he was staied and kept backe within the hauen, wherevpon
+both the kings determined to winter there, and in the meane time to
+prouide themselues of alle things necessarie for their iournie, against
+the beginning of the next spring. On the 30. of September he receiued
+his sister the quéene of Sicile, the widow of William the late king of
+that Ile, whom he placed in a strong fortresse, which he tooke the same
+day and left therein a conuenient garison of men of armes and demilances
+for the safegard of the place and of his said sister.
+
+¶ But now for the better vnderstanding of the cause of such quarelling
+as fell out betwixt the Englishmen and the Sicilians, yée shall
+vnderstand that a little before the arriuall of the kings of England and
+France in those parts, king William of Sicile was departed this life,
+leauing no issue behind him. Wherevpon the lords of the Ile elected one
+Tancred to their king, a bastard sonne of Roger sometime king of that
+land, and grandfather to this last decessed king William. This Tancred
+though he receiued king Richard verie courteouslie; yet he greatlie
+trusted him not, bicause he demanded the dowrie of his sister quéene
+Joane, wife to the late king William to be restored, whereas he had not
+readie monie to discharge it.
+
+[Sidenote: A chaire of gold.] Furthermore to depart with the citie of
+Mount saint Angelo; with all the countrie therevnto belonging; which was
+indéed assigned to hir for hir dowrie, he thought in no wise profitable:
+[Sidenote: K. Richards demands for the dowrie of his sister wife to K.
+William.] but king Richard did not onelie require that citie and countie
+with a chaire of gold, according to the custome of that kingdome in
+right of his sister, as due to hir by way of hir dowrie, but also he
+required to his owne vse a table of gold conteining twelue foot in
+length, and one foot and a halfe in breadth, & two tressels of gold to
+beare vp the same table, with 24. siluer cups, and as manie dishes of
+siluer, with a tent of silke of such largenesse that two hundred knights
+might sit at meat within it: also fortie thousand measures of wheat,
+with as manie of barlie, and as manie of wine, beside one hundred armed
+gallies, with all furniture and vittels sufficient to serue the
+gallie-men in the same for the terme of two yeares. These things he
+demanded as due to him being heire to his father king Henrie,
+accordinglie as was deuised by king William in his last will and
+testament, which demands seemed intollerable to the said Tancred: so
+that if he could haue shifted the matter, he was loth to haue heard
+thereof.
+
+Moreouer, bicause pope Clement in right of the church pretended a title
+to the realme of Sicile, now that king William was dead without heires,
+he doubted of some practise that might be made against him betwixt king
+Richard and the pope. Wherevpon he thought to prouide against all
+attempts that might be made, fortifieng his townes & castels with strong
+garisons, and tooke counsell with the citizens of Messina, by what
+meanes he might soonest dispatch his countrie of that present danger,
+and procure K. Richard to get him forward on his iournie.
+
+Whilest these things were in hand, there was ministred to the English
+men occasion of displeasure: for as it oftentimes chanceth (where an
+armie is) certeine of the vnrulie souldiers within Messina vsed
+themselues somewhat riotouslie, wherevpon the citizens offended
+therewith, got them to armour, and chased all the souldiers out of the
+citie. King Richard who laie in campe without the walles néere to the
+citie, was so highlie displeased herewith, that he caused his men to
+arme themselues, and to prepare ladders and other necessarie things to
+assault the citie: but by the mediation of the French king & curteous
+excuse of king Tancred (alledging the fault to rest onelie in a sort of
+rude citizens, whome he promised to punish) the matter was taken vp, and
+staied for a time, till at length it was perceiued, that the Sicilians
+subtilie went about to feed king Richard with faire words, till he
+should be readie to set forwards on his iournie, and so should the
+matter passe without further punishment.
+
+Herevpon king Richard, not minding to be so mocked at their hands,
+approched one daie to the wals and gates with his armie in good araie of
+battell to giue the assault, [Sidenote: K. Richard assalteth and entreth
+the citie by force.] which was doone so earnestlie, and so well
+mainteined, that finallie the citie was entred by force, and manie of
+the citizens slaine, but the slaughter had béene much greater, if king
+Richard had not commanded his men to spare the sword, mooued with the
+lamentable noise of poore people crieng to him for mercie and grace. The
+Englishmen hauing got possession of the citie pight vp the banners with
+the armes of the king of England round about the wals, wherewith the
+French king was sore displeased, and required that the same might be
+taken downe, and his set vp: but the king of England would not so agrée.
+Neuerthelesse to pacifie the French kings mood, he deliuered the citie
+of Messina into the custodie of the knights Templers and Hospitalers,
+till he might be satisfied of such things as he demanded of king
+Tancred.
+
+After this on the 8. daie of October, the two kings of England and
+France, before a great number of earles, barons, and others, both of the
+cleargie and temporaltie, [Sidenote: The two kings of England and France
+receiue a solemne oth.] tooke their solemne othes, that the one should
+defend the other, and also either others armie in this iournie, both
+comming and going, without fraud or deceipt: and the like oth was
+receiued by the earles and barons on both parties. Then the two kings by
+aduise and consent of both their armies deuised these ordinances.
+
+     [Sidenote: Ordinances deuised.]
+     1 That all pilgrims which chanced to die in this iournie might
+     dispose at their pleasure all their armour, horsses, and
+     apparell, and halfe of those things which they had with them, so
+     that they sent nothing home into their countries, and the other
+     halfe should be at the discretion of Walter archbishop of Rouen,
+     Manser bishop of Langres, of the maister of the temple, and of
+     the maister of the Hospitall, of Hugh duke of Burgoigne, of Rafe
+     de Coucie, of Drogo de Marlow, of Robert Sabuill, Andrew de
+     Chauennie, and of Gilbert Wascoile, which should imploie the same
+     towards the support of the wars in the holie land against the
+     infidels as they thought most expedient.
+
+     [Sidenote: Plaie forbidden.]
+     2 That no man should plaie at anie game within the armie for
+     monie, except knights and chapleins, the which should not loose
+     in one daie and night aboue 20 shillings, they to forfeit an 100
+     shillings so oft as they lost aboue that summe: the persons
+     aforenamed to haue the same to be distributed as afore is said.
+     The two kings might plaie, and command their seruants in their
+     presence likewise to plaie, so that they excéeded not the summe
+     of 20 shillings. And also the seruants of archbishops, bishops,
+     earles and barons, by their maisters commandement might play, not
+     excéeding that summe: but if anie seruants or mariners, or other
+     of like degrée, were found to play without licence, the seruants
+     should be whipped naked three daies round about the campe, except
+     they ransomed foorth themselues, at the pleasure of the persons
+     aboue named: and the mariners should be plunged ouer head and
+     eares in the sea three mornings togither, after the vse of
+     seamen, except they redeem that punishment, at the discretion
+     likewise of the said persons: and those of other like meane
+     degrées being neither knights nor chapleins should be punished as
+     seruants.
+
+     [Sidenote: Borrowing.]
+     3 That if anie pilgrime borrowed anie thing of an other whilest
+     he was on his iournie, he should be bound to paie it: but if he
+     borrowed it before his setting foorth, he was not bound to answer
+     it till his returne home.
+
+     [Sidenote: Souldiers or mariners departing from their masters.]
+     4 That if anie mariner or seruant, reteined in wages with anie
+     man in this iournie, departed from his master without licence, no
+     other person might receiue him, and if he did, he should be
+     punished at the discretion of the forenamed persons.
+
+     [Sidenote: Vittelers.]
+     5 That no vitteler or other should buy any bread to sell againe,
+     nor any meale within the compasse of the campe, except the same
+     were brought by a stranger, neither might they buy any paast or
+     other thing to sell againe in the campe, or within a league of
+     it.
+
+     6 That if anie man bought corne wherof to make bread, it was
+     appointed how much he should gaine in one measure beside the
+     bran.
+
+     7 That other occupiers, which vsed buieng and selling of wares,
+     should gaine one penie in 10 pence, neither should anie man
+     refuse anie of the kings coine, except it were broken within the
+     circle.
+
+     8 That no man should buy anie flesh to sell it againe, except a
+     liuing beast, which he should kill within the campe.
+
+     9 That no man should make bread to sell, but after the rate of
+     penie loaues. Wherin the penie English was appointed to go for
+     foure pence Aniouine. All these ordinances with other were
+     decreed and ordeined to be obserued and kept by the counsell,
+     consent, and agreement of the kings of England, France, and
+     Sicile.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] But to returne now to the dissention betwixt the
+Englishmen and them of Messina: ye shall vnderstand that the tumult
+being once ceassed, and diuerse of the chéefe offenders in the late
+commotion put to death, king Tancred shortlie after came thither, and
+sought to auoid all suspicion out of king Richards head, that he might
+conceiue of him for béeing in anie wise culpable in that which his
+subiects of Messina had attempted against him, and therefore hauing
+recouered monie of his freends, he restored vnto king Richard the dowrie
+of his sister quéene Joane, and further offered vnto him to ioine in new
+alliance with him, offering his daughter in mariage vnto Arthur duke of
+Britaine, the kings nephue, with a great summe of monie for hir dowrie,
+if it so should please him.
+
+King Richard accepted the offer, and so ioined in peace and affinitie
+with the king of Sicile, receiuing of him twentie thousand ounces of
+gold for the same mariage to be had, and an honorable dowrie assigned
+foorth of the lands that belonged to the said Arthur for the said ladie
+to inioy during hir life, in case she suruiued hir husband. And if it so
+chanced, that by the death of either of them the mariage could not take
+place, then should king Richard restore the same twentie thousand
+ounces of gold againe. But beside these twentie thousand ounces of gold
+thus giuen by king Tancred for the mariage of his daughter, he gaue
+other twentie thousand ounces to king Richard for an acquitance and
+quite claime of all manner of duties, rights, and demands, which either
+he or his sister might pretend, either by reason of anie bequest,
+dowrie, or anie other manner of waie.
+
+Here is to be noted, that before this conclusion of peace was had, king
+Richard prouided for his owne defense, in case that king Tancred and his
+people would haue attempted force against him, in so much that he
+fortified certeine places, and built a strong castell aloft vpon the top
+of an hill fast by Messina, which castell he called Mategriffon. Also
+whereas the admirall of Sicile called Margaret, and one Jordane del
+Poine, men of great authoritie vnder king Tancred, fled out of Messina
+with all their families and riches, which they had either in gold or
+siluer, king Richard seized vpon their houses, their gallies, and
+possessions, so that he made himselfe as strong as he could, to resist
+all attempts that might be made against him by his enimies. But now to
+procéed.
+
+The variance being thus appeased betwixt them, great discord chanced to
+arise betwixt king Richard and king Philip, who was much offended with
+king Richard, for that he had thus vsed violence against them of
+Messina, and compelled king Tancred to agrée with him for monie,
+[Sidenote: The lawes of Herberrough.] to the great offense and breach of
+the lawes of Herberrough, sith the Sicilians verie liberallie aided and
+furnished the christians armie with vittels and necessarie prouisions.
+The Frenchmen also had much enuie thereat, [Sidenote: Englishmen and
+Frenchmen fought.] that shortlie after vpon a small occasion they picked
+a quarell against the Englishmen, and from words fell to strokes on both
+sides, so that there had beene much hurt & slaughter committed,
+[Sidenote: Discord in an armie the hinderer of all profitable
+enterprises.] if the two kings had not doone their best to appease the
+fraie begun.
+
+But this businesse though it was quietlie as then taken vp and staied,
+yet bred it such displeasure betwixt the princes and their people, that
+it turned to the great hurt and hinderance of their good proceedings in
+their whole enterprise, so that the occasion of a full and perfect
+victorie easilie slipped out of their hands, as you shall heare
+hereafter.
+
+An other also of the chéefest causes of grudge betwixt the two kings
+was, for that king Richard in familiar talke confessed vnto king Philip,
+that he would marie the king of Nauarres daughter, and cléerelie forsake
+his sister Adela: which gréeued king Philip not a little, though he
+dissembled the matter for a time, and rather alledged other causes of
+displeasure, wherewith to defame king Richard to the world, as one that
+sought his owne commoditie in spoiling those whom he ought rather to
+haue defended. But to proceed.
+
+Whilest the English and French armies thus soiourned all the winter time
+in Sicile, notwithstanding the troubles aforesaid, to the hinderance of
+king Richards purposes, for the making of his prouisions readie for his
+iournie, he yet caused engins to be framed, his ships to be newlie
+calked, rigged and repaired of such hurts as they had receiued both in
+their long voiage which they had made, and also by certeine wormes, the
+which during their lieng there, had in diuerse places gnawne and eaten
+them through to the great danger of their losse, and vtter decaie.
+[Sidenote: Wreckes pardoned.] Moreouer at the same time he pardoned all
+wrecks by sea through all his dominions, releasing for euer all his
+right to the same, in such wise that euerie person making wrecke by sea,
+and comming aliue to land, should haue all his goods frée and cleare to
+himselfe. Furthermore he decréed, that if he chanced to perish in the
+ship, then his sons and daughters, brethren or sisters, that could
+prooue themselues to be next heires to him, should haue the same goods;
+but if he had neither sonne nor daughter, brother nor sister, then
+should the king haue those goods by waie of his prerogatiue.
+
+This resignation made by king Richard, was confirmed by his charter
+giuen at Messina in the moneth of October and second yeare of his
+reigne. Also vpon a godlie repentance wherewith it did please the
+mercifull God to touch his hart, he called all those prelats togither
+which were then with him at Messina into the chappell of Reginald de
+Moiac, [Sidenote: K. Richards confession.] & there in presence of them
+all falling downe vpon his knees he confessed the filthie life which he
+had in lecherous lust before that time led, and humblie receiued penance
+inioined him by the same bishops, and so became a new man, fearing God,
+and delighting to liue after his lawes.
+
+[Sidenote: Abbat Joachim.] Furthermore hearing of the great fame of
+abbat Joachim, he sent for him ouer into Calabria, who came to Messina,
+and being asked sundrie questions by king Richard, he made woonderfull
+answer thereto: as in Houeden and other writers it may appéere, which
+for breefenesse I passe ouer. About the same time he gaue vnto his
+nephue Otho, the sonne of his sister Maud, sometime duchesse of Saxonie,
+the countie of Yorke. But although some were contented to receiue him as
+their lord, and to doo homage to him, yet other refused him, alledging
+that they would not renounce their fealties due to the king, till they
+might sée him againe, & talke with him face to face. Wherevpon the king
+changing his purpose, gaue vnto the said Otho the countie of Poictou in
+steed of the said countie of Yorke, as after shall appeere.
+
+[Sidenote: 1191.] The two kings of England and France held their
+Christmasse this yeare at Messina, and still the king of England vsed
+great liberalitie in bestowing his treasure freelie amongst knights and
+other men of warre, [Sidenote: The large expenses of K. Richard.] so
+that it was thought he spent more in a moneth than anie of his
+predecessours euer spent in a whole yeare. In the moneth of Februarie he
+sent his gallies to Naples, there to receiue his mother and his wife
+that should be, to wit the ladie Berengaria daughter to the king of
+Nauarre, and Philip earle of Flanders that came with them. But his
+mother quéene Elianor and the ladie Berengaria went to Brindize in
+Puglia, where they were honorablie receiued of Margaret king Tancreds
+admirall. [Sidenote: The earle of Flanders.] Moreouer the earle of
+Flanders comming to Naples, and finding there the gallies of king
+Richard, went aboord the same, and so came to Messina, at the first
+following the king of England in all things, till the French king hauing
+enuie thereat, allured him awaie, and then he hoong altogither on his
+sléeue. The first daie of March the king of England departed from
+Messina, to go to the citie of Cathina, there to common with king
+Tancred, who came thither to meet him.
+
+[Sidenote: K. Richard talketh with king Tancred.] Here king Richard
+vnderstood, that the French king had sollicited king Tancred to set vpon
+the king of England and his armie, to chase them out of his realme: and
+for the more easie accomplishment thereof, he had promised him his aid,
+whensoeuer he would giue the aduenture. King Tancred deliuered also to
+king Richard such letters as the French king had written to him
+concerning this matter. Wherevpon at his returne to Messina, king
+Richard shewed by his frowning countenance, that he was nothing pleased
+with the French king, but sought occasions to get him out of his
+companie.
+
+The French king perceiuing it, required to vnderstand the cause of this
+sudden mutation: wherevpon king Richard nothing fearing his power,
+declared the truth plainelie vnto him by the mouth of the earle of
+Flanders: and when the other denied the practise, he for proofe of the
+thing, shewed him the same letters which king Tancred had deliuered vnto
+him. The French king was not a little abashed hereat, and wist not well
+what to saie, nor what excuse to make, the matter was so plaine. But yet
+at length he said: "Well now I perceiue the king of England seeketh to
+haue some quarell whie he may refuse to marrie with my sister. For these
+are but forged matters, and no truth resteth in them."
+
+When the king of England vnderstood this maner of answer, he replied in
+this wise; "That as for the French kings sister, he might not marrie,
+for as much as he was able to produce good witnesse to prooue that his
+father had lien with hir and got a child of hir. And as for his priuie
+procéeding and practise with Tancred, he néeded no further testimonie
+than his owne hand and his seale, the partie himselfe being present who
+receiued them, the messenger also being not far off that carried them
+betwéene both the parties."
+
+When the French king was throughlie informed of the first point, through
+counsell of the earle of Flanders and others, he pacified himselfe, and
+was contented to release the king of England of his faith giuen by oth
+for the contract made with his sister Alice: in consideration of which
+releasement and deliuerance, the king of England couenanted to giue
+yearelie to the French king two thousand marks of starling coine for the
+terme of fiue yeares togither: and at his returne home, it was agreed,
+that he shuld also deliuer vnto the French king his sister the said
+ladie Alice, with the towne of Gisors, and all other things which the
+French king had granted to him with his said sister. On the other part,
+the French king granted, that the dutchie of Britaine should apperteine
+to the dominion of the dutchie of Normandie, so as the duke of Britaine
+should be accompted the liege man of the duke of Normandie, and that the
+duke of Normandie should answer the French king for both the dutchies,
+as well of Britaine as Normandie. These agréements were ratified and
+confirmed with solemne oths receiued, and charters giuen vnder their
+hands and seales, vpon the 30. of March.
+
+[Sidenote: The French king setteth foorth from Messina towards the
+holie[7] land.] About this time the French king (now that the season of
+the yeare was come) set forward toward the holie land, leauing king
+Richard behind him in Sicile: and the two and twentith day after his
+setting foorth from Messina, he arriued at the siege of Acres or Acon.
+The same day also that the French king departed from Messina, queene
+Elianor the mother of king Richard arriued there, bringing with hir the
+ladie Berengaria the daughter of Sanctius the king of Nauarre,
+[Sidenote: Quéene Elianor returneth by Rome.] and the fourth day after
+quéene Elianor tooke leaue of hir sonne king Richard, and departed
+homeward towards England, taking hir iournie by Rome about the businesse
+of Geffrey the elect of Yorke, as to entreat the pope that he would
+confirme and consecrate him archbishop, or to authorise some other to
+doo it in his name. The ladie Berengaria remained behind with the kings
+sister Joane quéene of Sicile.
+
+After this in the moneth of Aprill, on the Wednesday in the passion
+weeke, king Richard (after he had finished and made an end of all
+conclusions with king Tancred) did also set forward with his sister
+Joane, who tooke with hir the ladie Berengaria daughter to the king of
+Nauarre, affianced to him long before, as aboue is partlie mentioned.
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ 130. ships and 53. galies saith _Rog.
+Houed._] His nauie consisted in thirteene mightie great ships with
+triple sailes, an hundred carikes or rather hulkes, and fiftie gallies.
+He was no sooner abroad in the maine sea, but a great tempest arose,
+wherewith his whole nauie was sore tossed and turmoiled vp and downe the
+seas, and at length driuen on the coast of Cypres, where séeking to take
+harbour, & to come on land, the Cypriots would not suffer him, but
+shewed countenance to driue him backe, and to resist his landing. Also
+whereas six of his ships were so driuen by force of tempest from the
+residue, that thrée of them perished, and three being cast vpon the
+shoare of Cypres before the kings arriuall there, the souldiers and
+other people in the same were compelled to come on land for sauing their
+liues, where otherwise they stood in danger of drowning, the people of
+the Ile assailing them in right cruell sort, slue diuerse, and tooke the
+residue prisoners, and so deteined them for a certeine season.
+
+King Richard then vnderstanding this iniurie to him doone by the
+Cypriots, & perceiuing they would resist his landing, prepared himselfe
+and his people to enter vpon them by force. The king of Cypres Isakius
+or Cursach (whome Houeden nameth emperour of Cypres) had assembled the
+most part of all the power of men that he might make (though few of them
+were armed, or had any great skill in feats of warre) and caused them to
+set boords, logs of wood, benches, formes, and great chests afore them,
+as a defense, and as it were in steed of a wall, that by succour thereof
+they might the better kéepe off their enimie from landing.
+
+But K. Richard, so incouraged his men by his presence, & hartened them
+with such comfortable words as he vttered vnto them, that rowing to the
+shoare with their galies and small botes, hauing the archers afore them,
+[Sidenote: The Englishmen take land & chase their enimies.] they easilie
+got to land, droue their enimies backe, and so farre pursued them (being
+but footmen, weatherbeaten, wearie, and weat) as conuenientlie they
+might, for the shortnes of time. King Richard hauing thus got foot on
+land, approched the towne of Limezun, which he with his souldiers
+entred, and finding it emptie of people (which were fled awaie) but full
+of riches and great plentie of victuals, as corne, wine, oile, and
+flesh, he seized therevpon.
+
+The same day also the kings sisters and the ladie Berengaria with the
+residue of the kings nauie entred the hauen of Limezun. In the meane
+time the king of Cypres (hauing escaped from the battell) got togither
+his men which were fled and dispersed sundrie waies, and incamped within
+six miles of king Richard, threatning that the next day he would
+eftsoones giue battell: which when king Richard vnderstood, he caused
+his people to be armed the next morning long before day, and so comming
+by guides vnto the place where the Cypriots with their king were lodged,
+[Sidenote: King Richard with a camisado vanquisheth the Cypriots, &
+chaseth them out of their campe. _Iohn Textor._] suddenlie they assailed
+them yer they had anie warning of his marching towards them, by reason
+whereof they were slaine like beasts in great numbers. Howbeit, their
+king and a few other escaped and fled away naked, hauing no time to put
+on their apparell, his treasure, horsse, armour and standard were taken,
+which standard king Richard straitwaies determined to send vnto saint
+Edmunds shrine, and so did.
+
+Having thus vanquished his aduersaries, he came backe to Limezun: and
+the third day after, [Sidenote: The K. of Jerusalem and other noble men
+doo fealtie vnto king Richard.] Guie king of Jerusalem and his brother
+Geffrey de Lucignan with the prince of Antioch Raimond and his sonne
+named also Raimond earle of Tripoli, with other noble men, arriued at
+Limezun aforesaid, to visit king Richard, and to offer him their
+seruices, and so became his men, in swearing fealtie to him against all
+other persons whatsoeuer.
+
+The same day the king of Cypres perceiuing himselfe vnable to resist the
+great puissance of king Richards armie, sent ambassadours, [Sidenote:
+The offers of the king of Cypres.] and offered to king Richard the summe
+of twentie thousand marks of gold, in recompense of the monie which his
+men that were drowned had about them, and also to restore those to
+libertie which he had taken prisoners, and to make deliuerie to their
+hands of all their goods. Furthermore he offered to go with him into the
+holie land personallie, and to serue him with an hundred knights 400
+light horssemen, and 500 well armed footmen, & also to deliuer to king
+Richard his daughter and heire in hostage, [Sidenote: The king of Cypres
+submitteth himselfe.] and to acknowledge him his souereigne lord, by
+swearing to him fealtie for his kingdome, as for that which he should
+confesse to hold of him.
+
+King Richard accepted these offers, and so the king of Cypres came in
+and sware fealtie to king Richard, in presence of the king of Jerusalem,
+the prince of Antioch, and other barons, and promised vpon his oth then
+receiued, not to depart till all things couenanted on his part were
+performed. Then king Richard assigned tents for him and his to lodge in,
+and appointed certeine knights and other men of warre to haue the
+custodie of him. But the same day after dinner vpon repentance of that
+which he had doone, he deceiued his keepers and stale awaie, sending
+knowledge backe to the king that he would not stand to the couenants,
+which were concluded vpon betwixt them.
+
+King Richard seemed to like the matter well enough, and foorthwith
+deliuered a part of his armie vnto the king of Jerusalem and to the
+prince of Antioch, appointing them to persue the king of Cypres by land,
+whilest he with one part of his gallies and Robert de Turneham with the
+other might search about the coast by sea, to prohibit his passage by
+water. In euerie place where they came, such ships and gallies as they
+found they seized into their hands, and no resistance was made against
+them, by reason the people fled to the woods and mountains, leauing the
+cities, townes and castels void in all stéeds, [Sidenote: Robert de
+Turneham.] where the king or the said sir Robert de Turneham with their
+vessels began to appéere. When they had taken their pleasure thus
+alongst the coasts, they returned againe vnto Limezun. The king of
+Jerusalem and the other that went foorth by land, when they could not
+spéed of their purpose, returned also, in which meane time a great
+number of Cypriots came in, and submitting themselues to king Richard,
+were receiued as his subiects.
+
+[Sidenote: The king of England marieth the ladie Berengaria. She is
+crowned quéene.] On the 12. daie of Maie, the ladie Berengaria daughter
+to the king of Nauarre was maried according to a precontract vnto king
+Richard at Limezun aforesaid in the Ile of Cypres, one of the kings
+chaplins executing the order of the marriage. The same daie also she was
+crowned by the bishop of Eureux, the archbishops of Apamea and Aux, with
+the bishop of Baion ministring vnto him. After the solemnitie of this
+marriage and coronation ended, king Richard set forward with his armie
+into the countrie of Cypres, and first wan (by surrender) the citie of
+Nichosia, and after the strong castell of Cherin, within the which was
+the daughter of the king of Cypres, which ladie humblie yeelded hir
+selfe vnto K. Richard, (who counting it reproach to be extreme with such
+as submit themselues, and speciallie the female sex, according to the
+old saieng,
+    Pacere subiectis nobilis scit ira leonis)
+had pitie of hir case, and sent hir to his wife the new quéene, willing
+that she might be honorablie vsed. From thence passing forward,
+[Sidenote: Castels deliuered to the king of England.] these castels were
+deliuered into his hands, Baffes and Buffeuent, Den, Amur, Candace, and
+afterwards all the other castels and cities, townes and places of
+strength within that Ile one after an other. Finallie, hearing that the
+king of Cypres was inclosed in an abbie called Cap S. Andrew, he marched
+thitherwards: [Sidenote: The king of Cyprus again submitteth himselfe to
+the king of England.] but when the king of Cypres heard of his approch,
+he came foorth and submitted himselfe wholie into his hands. [Sidenote:
+Rafe Fitz Geffrey.] The king first appointed him to the kéeping of his
+chamberlaine Rafe Fitz Geffrey, and after sent him into the citie of
+Tripoli, there to be kept in close prison. Who when he heard he should
+be committed to close prison, and remaine in fetters, said, "that if he
+laie in irons, he should shortlie end his life." Wherevnto king Richard
+when he heard of it, answered: "He saith well, and therefore bicause he
+is a noble man, and our mind is not to haue him dead, but onelie to be
+kept safe from starting anie more awaie, and dooing new hurt, let him be
+chained in giues and fetters made of siluer," and so he was.
+
+But to procéed. After the king had set the countrie of Cypres in good
+staie, [Sidenote: He arriued there on the saturdaie in Whitsunwéek,
+being the saturdaie also next before the feast of S. Barnabie.
+_Galfridus._ _Vinsant._] he deliuered the keeping thereof vnto Richard
+de Camuille and Robert de Turneham. This doone vpon the wednesdaie in
+the Whitsunwéeke he tooke the sea againe, and passed ouer to the citie
+of Acres, which as then was besieged by the christian armie, as ye may
+read in the description of the holie land, onelie giuing you to
+vnderstand, that such was the valiancie of king Richard shewed in
+manfull constreining of the citie, that his praise was greatlie bruted
+both amongst the christians and also the Saracens.
+
+Howbeit the secret enimitie betwixt him and the French king eftsoones
+reuiued, by occasion of such discord as chanced betwixt Guido king of
+Jerusalem, and Conrade the marques of Tire, so that parties were taken,
+and whereas both the Pisans and Geneuois did offer their seruice vnto
+king Richard, yet bicause the Geneuois were confederat with the French
+king, who tooke part with the marques, he refused them, [Sidenote:
+Pisans and Geneuois.] and receiued the Pisans, ioining himselfe with
+king Guido to support him against his enimies.
+
+Here is to be remembred, that before king Richard arriued at the siege,
+he incountred on the sea a mightie great ship called a Drommond,
+[Sidenote: _Matt. Paris._ _Nic. Triuet._ Saphaldine the brother of
+Saladine.] which one Saphaldine the brother of Saladine a prince of the
+Saracens had sent, to refresh them with vittels. This ship king Richard
+caused féercelie to be assailed with his gallies, and at length bowged
+hir with all the vittels and prouision within the same, as wild-fire,
+barels of firie serpents, armour and weapons of sundrie sorts, besides
+all the mariners and men of warre, except such as were taken to mercie
+and saued aliue, being about 200 in the whole, whereas there were aboord
+the same ship 500 men of warre, [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _N. Triuet._]
+as some write, though other haue but 800.
+
+¶ But now to other accidents that chanced this yere. On Midsummer eeue
+there was such an eclipse of the sunne, [Sidenote: An eclipse of the
+sunne.] the moone being the same time 27 daies old, that for the space
+of thrée houres (for so long it lasted) such darkness came ouer the face
+of the earth, [Sidenote: The seuenth houre of the daie saith _Matth.
+Paris._] that euen in the daie time (for this eclipse began about nine
+of the clocke in the morning) the stars appeared plainelie in the
+element.
+
+In the same moneth of June, Richard de Camuille, whome the king had left
+(as ye haue heard) gouernour in Cypres, chanced to fall sicke, and
+comming without licence to the siege of Acres, [Sidenote: Richard de
+Camuille deceasseth.] there died. After whose death the Cypriots and
+those called Griffones and Ermians reuolted from the English obedience,
+and chose to them a king, one that was a moonke of the familie of
+Isachus their former king: but Robert de Turneham, who after the
+deceasse of Richard Camuille remained sole gouernour of the Ile,
+gathered a power of men togither, and giuing battell to the new king
+(whom Houeden nameth also emperour) vanquished him with his complices,
+tooke him prisoner, and hanged him on a paire of galowes. The same
+moneth also died Rafe Fitz Geffrey, who had the other king Isac in
+custodie, and then king Richard deliuered him to the knights of the
+hospitall, who sent him to the castell of Margant, there safelie to be
+kept as prisoner to the vse of the king of England.
+
+Now will we returne vnto the affaires of England and make some mention
+of the dooings there. Yee shall vnderstand, that after king Richard was
+set forward on his iournie, William Longchampe lord chancellour and
+bishop of Elie, [Sidenote: _Polydor._] appointed (as ye haue heard)
+gouernour of the realme, began to exercise his authoritie to the
+vttermost, taking vpon him the state of a prince, rather than of a
+subiect. He had of late (as before ye haue heard) procured such fauor at
+the hands of pope Clement, [Sidenote: The Lord chancellor called the
+popes legat in England.] that he was instituted by him legat of the
+apostolike see here in England, so that pretending a rule both ouer the
+clergie and temporaltie, and by reason that he had both the authoritie
+of pope and king in his hands, he vsed the same to his most aduantage,
+as well in causes ecclesiasticall as temporall, whereby he wrought manie
+oppressions both against them of the clergie and temporaltie. [Sidenote:
+The statelie port of the lord chancellor. _Ran. Higd._] He mainteined
+such a port and countenance in his dooings, that he would ride with a
+thousand horsses, by meanes whereof when he came to lie at abbeis and
+other places (bringing with him such a traine) he was verie burdenous
+vnto them, speciallie when he laie at their houses any space of time.
+
+[Sidenote: A conuocation.] This man called a conuocation at Westminster,
+wherein at the suit of Hugh Nouant bishop of Chester, it was decreed,
+[Sidenote: Moonks of Couentrie displaced. _Polydor._ _Ran. Higd._ _Wil.
+Paruus._ The occasion. _Ran. Higd._] that the moonks of Couentrie should
+be displaced, and secular canons brought into that house to supplie
+their roomes. Which was doone by the authoritie of the said lord
+chancellour, being bribed by the foresaid bishop of Chester (as some
+writers haue recorded) for displeasure which he bare to the moonks, by
+reason of a fraie which they had made vpon the said bishop in their
+church at Couentrie, and drawne bloud of him before the alter there, as
+he alledged.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] But some haue written, that the bishop of
+Chester procured a licence of the pope, to alter the state of that
+church in sort aboue mentioned, which is most likelie, surmising against
+the moonks, that they were most manifest and stubborne disturbers of
+that peace and quietnesse which ought to remaine amongst churchmen:
+[Sidenote: _Ran. Higd._ _Polydor._] and yet he himselfe sowed the strife
+and dissention amongst them, and namelie betwéene the prior and his
+couent. Moreouer, the said lord chancellour depriued such rulers of
+their administrations and gouernements, as the king had appointed to
+beare any high authoritie within the realme, pretending not onelie the
+kings commandement, but also alleadging a reason which mooued him so to
+doo, as thus, [Sidenote: The L. chancellors reason.] that he might
+thereby take awaie all occasions of grudges from the people, which
+otherwise might thinke, and would not sticke to saie, that they were
+oppressed by the rule of manie kings in stéed of one king. [Sidenote:
+The bishop of Durham. The bishop of Winchester.] He did also depriue
+Hugh the bishop of Durham of all his honour and dignitie, and put the
+bishop of Winchester to great trouble. Moreouer, doubting least the
+Nobles of the realme would rise against him, and put him out of his
+place; he sought to kéepe them lowe, and spoiled them of their monie and
+substance. [Sidenote: The lord chancellors meaning to kéepe earle John
+lowe.] Likewise pretending a colour of doubt, least earle John the kings
+brother should attempt any thing against his brother the king now in his
+absence, he sought also to kéepe him vnder. To be bréefe, he plaied in
+all points the right part of a tyrant, and shewed himselfe such a one in
+all respects as mainteined his title,
+    [Sidenote: _Pal. in suo cap._]
+    Non disceptando aut subtilibus argumentis
+    Vincere, sed ferro mauult sua iura tueri,
+    Pontifices nunc bella iuuant, sunt cætera nuga,
+    Nec præcepta patrum nec Christi dogmata curant,
+    Iactant se dominos rerum & sibi cuncta licere.
+
+At length the king receiued aduertisement from his mother queene Elianor
+of his demeanor, and that there was great likeliehood of some commotion
+to insue, if spéedie remedie were not in time prouided. Wherevpon being
+then in Sicile, [Sidenote: Walter the archbishop of Rouen sent into
+England.] he sent Walter the archbishop of Rouen into England with
+commission, to ioine in administration of the kingdome with his
+chancellor the said bishop of Elie. But the archbishop comming into
+England was so slenderlie interteined of the chancellour, [Sidenote: He
+is little regarded of the lord chancellor.] and in effect so litle
+regarded, that notwithstanding his commission and instructions brought
+from the king, he could not be permitted to beare any rule. But the
+chancellour deteining the same wholie in his hands, ordered all things
+at his pleasure, without making the archbish. of Rouen, or any other of
+counsel with him, except such as it pleased him to admit for the seruing
+of his owne turne.
+
+¶ He certeinelie beléeued (as manie other did) that king Richard would
+neuer returne with life into England againe, which caused him to attempt
+so manie vnlawfull enterprises, and therefore he got into his hands all
+the castels and fortresses belonging to the crowne, and furnished them
+with garisons of souldiers, as he thought necessarie, depriuing such
+capteins of their roomes as he suspected not to fauour his procéedings.
+
+One Gerard de Camuille had bought of the king the kéeping of the castell
+of Lincolne, vnto whome also the sheriffewike of the shire was committed
+for a time, but the lord chancellour, perceiuing that he bare more good
+will vnto earle John the kings brother than to him (which John he most
+suspected) he tooke from him the shiriffewike, & demanded also to haue
+the castell of Lincolne deliuered into his hands, which Gerard refused
+to deliuer, and perceiuing that the chancellor would practise to haue it
+by force, he fled vnto earle John, requiring him of competent aid and
+succour.
+
+The chancellor on the other part, perceiuing what hatred diuerse of the
+Nobles bare him, thought good to prouide for his owne suertie the best
+that he could, and therefore sent for a power of men from beyond the
+sea: but bicause he thought it too long to staie till they arriued, he
+came to Lincolne with such power as he could make, [Sidenote: The lord
+chancellor besiegeth the castell of Lincolne.] and besieged the castell.
+Erle John the kings brother aduertised hereof, raised such numbers of
+men as he might make of his freends, seruants and tenants, [Sidenote:
+Earle John winneth the castels of Notingham and Tickhill.] and with
+small a doo wan the castels of Notingham and Tickhill within two daies
+space. This doone, he sent to the lord chancellour, commanding him
+either to breake vp his siege, or else to prepare for battell. The
+chancellour considering with himselfe that there was small trust to be
+put in diuerse of those lords that were with him, bearing good will to
+[Sidenote: The chancellor raiseth his siege with dishonour.] earle John,
+and but hollow harts towards him, raised his siege and departed with
+dishonour.
+
+Not long after, one of his hornes was broken off by the death of pope
+Clement, whereby his power legantine ceased: wherewith being somewhat
+abashed, [Sidenote: The lord chancellor and earle John are agréed.] he
+came to a communication with earle John, and vpon certeine conditions
+made peace with him. Shortlie after the souldiers which he had sent for,
+arriued in England, [Sidenote: The chancellor breaketh the agréement.]
+and then he began to go from the agréement made with earle John,
+affirming that he would either driue the same earle out of England, or
+else should earle John doo the like to him: for it was not of sufficient
+largenesse to hold them both. Howbeit, shortlie after, [Sidenote: The
+lord chancellor and earle John make another agréement.] a peace was
+eftsoones concluded betwixt them with condition, that if it chanced king
+Richard to depart this life before his returne into England, not leauing
+any issue of his bodie begotten, that then the chancellour renouncing
+the ordinance made by king Richard (who had instituted his nephue Arthur
+duke of Britaine to be his heire and successour) should consent to admit
+earle John for king of England, contrarie to the said ordinance.
+
+But in the meane time it was agréed, that earle John should deliuer vp
+the castels of Notingham and Tickhill, Notingham to the hands of William
+Marshall, and Tickhill to the hands of William Wendenall, they to kéepe
+the same vnto the vse and behoofe of king Richard, that vpon his returne
+he might doo with them as should please him: prouided that if it so
+chanced, that he should die before he could returne from his voiage, or
+that the chancellour went from the agréement now taken, then immediatlie
+should the foresaid castels of Notingham and Tickhill be restored vnto
+earle John.
+
+Moreouer, the other castels of such honours as were assigned to earle
+John by the king his brother, were committed vnto the custodie of
+certeine persons of great trust and loialtie, as the castell of
+Wallingford to the archbishop of Rouen, the castell of Bristow to the
+bishop of Lincolne, the castell of the Peake to the bishop of Couentrie,
+the castell of Bolesofres vnto Richard de Peake (or if he refused, then
+should the bishop of Couentrie haue it in kéeping) the castell Eie was
+committed to Walter Fitz Robert, the castell of Herford to Roger Bigot,
+and to Richard Reuell the castell of Excester and Launston. These
+persons to whom these castels were thus committed to be kept, receiued
+also an oth, that they should faithfullie kéepe them to the kings
+behoofe, and if he chanced to die, before he should returne, then the
+same should be deliuered vnto earle Johns hands. [Sidenote: Castels
+deliuered in trust to the keeping of certeine persons.] Also there were
+three castels that perteined to the crowne, deliuered likewise in trust,
+as the castell of Windsor vnto the earle of Arundell, the castell of
+Winchester vnto Gilbert de Lacie, and the castell of Northampton vnto
+Simon de Pateshull.
+
+It was also agréed, that bishops, abbats, earles, and barons, valuasors,
+and freeholders should not be disseised of their lands, goods or
+chattels, otherwise than by order of the iustices or officers of the
+king, so that they should be iudged in the kings courts according to the
+lawfull customes and ordinances of the realme, and likewise that earle
+John should cause the same orders to be obserued through all his lands.
+Prouided that if any man attempted to doo otherwise vpon support or
+maintenance of earle John, he should stand to be reformed by the
+archbishop of Rouen if he chanced then to be in England, and by the
+kings iustices, and by those that had sworne to obserue this peace: and
+also earle John himselfe at their request should see such reformation to
+be had.
+
+Moreouer, it was agréed that all those castels that had bin built or
+begun to be builded since the kings passage ouer towards his iournie,
+should be razed, and no new made or fortified till his returne, except
+in manours perteining to the kings demaine, if need required, or by his
+speciall commandement, either by letters, or sufficient messengerrs.
+That the shiriffewike of Lincolne, which the lord chancellour had
+assigned vnto William de Stuteuille should be restored to Gerard de
+Camuille, who had a daie appointed him to appéere in the kings court, to
+heare what might be laid against him: and if such matter could be
+prooued, for the which he ought to loose the said shiriffewike and the
+castell of Lincolne, then he should depart from them by the iudgement of
+the court, or else not. Neither should earle John mainteine him against
+the iudgement of that court, nor should receiue any outlawes, or such as
+were notoriouslie knowen for enimies to the king, and so named, nor
+should suffer them to be receiued within the precinct of his liberties.
+
+To hold, mainteine and obserue this peace, the said earle and
+chancellour sware in the hand of the archbishop of Rouen with seuen
+barons on either part. On the part of earle John these were the names of
+them that receiued the oth: Stephan Ridell his chancellour, William de
+la Mare, Robert de la Mare, Philip de Turechester, William de Kahennes,
+Gilbert Basset & William de Montacute. On the chancellours part, the
+earles of Arundell and Salisburie, earle Roger Bigot, and the earle of
+Clare, with Walter Fitz Robert, William de Breuse, and Roger Fitz
+Ramfrey. These things were concluded in this sort, the authoritie and
+commandement of the king yet in all things saued and reserued: but so,
+that if before his returne he should signifie his pleasure to the
+contrarie of the ordinances aboue mentioned, then should the castels of
+Notingham and Tickhill be restored vnto earle John, notwithstanding what
+soeuer the king should command touching the same. [Sidenote: An. Reg.
+3.] [Sidenote: _Matth. West._ _Polydor._] Thus was the peace concluded
+eftsoones betwixt earle John and the chancellour.
+
+[Sidenote: Geffrey the archbishop of Yorke. _Rog. Houed._] In this meane
+while, Geffrey the elect archbishop of Yorke, after long suit and manie
+delaies contriued, speciallie by the chancellour, obteined his pall,
+being consecrated by the archbishop of Towrs, by virtue of his buls
+obteined from pope Celestine. The chancellour aduertised herof, and
+vnderstanding that he meant to come shortlie into England to be
+installed, was in a great chafe, bicause that during the time of the
+vacation, he had vsed the reuenues of that see at his pleasure, and
+therefore now to forego them he was nothing contented. [Sidenote:
+_Matth. Paris._] Herevpon he wrote his letters vnto Matthew de Clare
+shiriffe of Kent in this forme.
+
+     The lord chancellours letters to the shiriffe of Kent.
+
+     Præcipimus tibi quòd si Eboracen. Electus ad aliquem portum in
+     balliua tua applicuerit, aut aliquis nunciorum eius, eum retineri
+     facias, donec mandatum nostrum indè receperis. Et similiter
+     præcipimus, quòd omnes literas papæ aut magni alicuius viri quæ
+     illic venerint, facias retineri. The English whereof is thus.
+
+     "We command you that if the elect of Yorke shall arriue at any
+     port or hauen within your bailiwicke, or any messenger of his,
+     that you cause them to be arested and kept, till you haue
+     commandement from vs therein. And we command you likewise, to
+     stay, attach, and keepe all letters that come from the pope, or
+     any other great man."
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._ The death of the archbishop of Canturbury. _Io.
+Textor._] Likewise, whereas Baldwine archbishop of Canturburie, hauing
+taken his iournie into the holie land, and arriuing there before the
+king, chanced to depart this life at Tyrus, the last yeere, vpon the
+feast daie of S. Edmund, the chancellour found meanes to keepe that sée
+also vacant, that he might receiue the profits thereof, during the
+vacation, and find meanes to be prepared to it in the end. But as
+touching the sée of Yorke, although he had (as before is said) made his
+hand of the reuenues belonging to the same from time to time at his
+pleasure, yet now after that he heard how Geffrey had receiued the pall,
+he made hauocke, wasting & spoiling all that would yeeld him anie monie,
+without respect of right or wrong. Moreouer, he caused the hauens to be
+watched, with commandement giuen to the townes on the sea coast, that
+they should not suffer the archbishop Geffrey to take land. [Sidenote:
+The archbishop arriued and is committed to ward.] At length yet he
+arriued at Douer, where he was by the aforesaid Matthew de Clare first
+staied, and after taken out of the abbeie by the chancellours
+commandement, and committed to prison within the castell, where a Noble
+man that had maried the chancellors sister was capteine.
+
+The newes of whose imprisonment was anon bruted through the realme,
+wherewith the Nobles fretted, and the commons curssed: finallie all men
+detested such tyrannie in the chancellour. But namelie the kings brother
+earle John stormed at the matter, and with all spéed assembled an armie
+out of those places where he bare rule, increasing the number with a
+power of Welshmen. There came to him the bishop of Winchester, with
+manie earles and barons, also the bishop of Bath and Chester, which
+latelie before had béene chéefe fauourers of the chancellour in all his
+dooings: but now that the world was changed, they shewed themselues the
+most earnest enimies he had, as well in words as déeds.
+
+In an assemblie of all the bishops of England, all those were
+excommunicate in solemne wise, with candels light, and other such
+ceremonies, which had either giuen commandement, or were present as
+partakers, to pull out of the church the archbishop of Yorke, or his
+people by violence, and had imprisoned them in maner (as before yée haue
+heard:) but this was after the archbishop was set at libertie, as shuld
+appeare by Matthew Paris, for the chancellour repenting himselfe (though
+now too late) of his cruell dealing against the archbishop of Yorke,
+wherewith he had kindled such a brand against him, commanded the said
+archbishop (namelie at the instant sute of the bishop of London, or
+rather at the commandement of earle John, as Houeden saith) to be set at
+libertie. But the displeasure once kindled in the hearts of the Nobles,
+could not so easilie[8] be quenched with his deliuerie, as it was
+spéedilie set on fire by his imprisonment, so that they being now in
+armour, purposed to abate the pride of the chancellour, and to deliuer
+the common-wealth, of such an vglie tyrant. [Sidenote: _R. Houed._ The
+chancellour summoned to appeare.] And to begin, they summoned, and
+assigned him a peremptorie day to appeare at Reading, to make answer
+vnto such iniuaries as he had doone against the archbishop of Yorke, and
+the bishop of Durham, sithens the departure of his souereigne lord the
+king.
+
+At which day there came to Reading earle John, and the archbishop of
+Rouen, with manie other bishops, earles, and barons, abiding there all
+that day, to sée if the chancellour would appeare or no; but he came
+not: wherevpon they prepared to march foorth towards London, and
+therewithall set forward in like maner. He on the other side being a man
+of a great courage, had gathered an armie of such strangers and other
+his fréends as he could make, and therewith went foorth, and encamped
+néere to Windsor, there to abide his aduersaries, and to giue them
+battell, if they came forward and would abide it. But when they
+approched, and he perceiued also how diuerse of his freends shranke from
+him, and went to his enimies, he durst not attempt the hazard of a
+field, [Sidenote: The chauncellour retireth to London.] but fled backe
+to London, and there withdrew into the tower, with all his host, bicause
+he durst not commit himselfe to the doubtfull fellowship of the
+citizens. Through his great pride and statelie port which he mainteined,
+as partlie yée haue heard, he had procured to himselfe no small hatred
+amongst all degrees of men, and namelie such as by the kings appointment
+ought to haue beene parteners with him in gouernement of the realme sore
+repined at his presumptuous proceedings, for that he disdained (as it
+séemed) to vse their aduise, or to ioine them with him in the
+administration of things, so that now in time of his trouble he wist not
+in whome he might put his trust.
+
+After he was thus retired into the tower of London, earle John, the
+archbishop of Rouen, and the other bishops, earles, and barons
+associated togither against him, followed him at the héeles, entered the
+citie, and besieged the tower on ech side. On the morrow after, being
+the fourth day after the octaues of saint Michaell, they came togither
+into Paules church-yard, [Sidenote: A declaration made against the lord
+chancellour.] where they publikelie declared the iniurious wrongs doone
+and practised by the chancellour; namelie against the archbishop of
+Yorke, and the bishop of Durham. Those also that had béene appointed as
+associats with him, accused him, in that he had taken vpon him to rule
+and gouerne all things after his owne will, not vouchsafing to haue
+their aduise or councell in such sort as had béene conuenient.
+
+The archbishop of Rouen and William Marshall earle of Pembroke shewed
+there before all the people the kings letters which he had sent from
+Messina, [Sidenote: The tenor of this letter shall héereafter appeare.]
+appointing that they should be associats with him in gouernment of the
+kingdome; and that without the counsell and aduice of them and others
+assigned thereto, he should not meddle with the rule of the land, and
+that if he should doo any thing to the hinderance of the common-wealth,
+or séeke to meddle with the affaires of the realme, without their good
+aduise, that then he should be deposed. Héerevpon it seemed good to
+earle John, and to all the bishops, earles and barons of the realme, and
+to the citizens of London, there assembled, that the said chancellour
+should be deposed, and so they proceeded, and deposed him in déed,
+appointing the archbishop of Rouen in his place, who would not take vpon
+him to doo anie thing touching the rule of the land, without consent of
+his associats assigned to him, and the barons or the eschecker.
+
+The same day, earle John, and the archbishop of Rouen, and other of the
+kings iustices, [Sidenote: The citizens of London.] granted to the
+citizens of London the priuilege of their communaltie; and the said
+earle and archbishop, and in maner all the bishops, erls and barons of
+the realme sware to mainteine the said priuilege firme and stable, so
+long as should please their souereigne lord. And the citizens of London
+sware to be true, and to doo their faithfull seruice vnto king Richard
+and his heirs, and if he chanced to die without issue, then to receiue
+earle John the brother of king Richard for their king and souereigne
+lord, and therevpon sware fealtie to him against all men, sauing that
+which they owed vnto his brother king Richard.
+
+The chancellour perceiuing the multitude to be such which he had with
+him in the tower, [Sidenote: The chancellour yéeldeth vp the tower.] as
+the place was not able to hold them any long time, after he had remained
+within it one night, he came foorth vnto earle John, and to the other
+that were thus entred the citie, and now readie to besiege him, of whome
+he got licence for them that were inclosed within the tower, to depart
+without damage, and therewith deliuered vp the tower into the hands of
+the archbishop of Rouen, with the castell of Windsor, and certeine other
+castels, which he held within the realme, but not all: notwithstanding
+he couenanted to make deliuerie of the residue, which yet remained in
+the hands of them whome he had appointed to the kéeping of the same. And
+for assurance of that couenant to be performed before he departed the
+realme, he deliuered his brethren, and one that was his chamberleine, to
+remaine with the lords as hostages.
+
+This doone, he hasted to Canturburie, where he promised to receiue the
+crosse of a pilgrime to go into the holie land, and to render vp the
+crosse of his legatship, which he had vsurped a yeare and a halfe after
+the death of pope Clement, to the preiudice of the church of Rome, and
+to the detriment and great hinderance of the English church. For there
+was not any church within the realme, which had not béene put to fine
+and ransome by that crosse, nor any ecclesiasticall person went frée,
+[Sidenote: The print of the legats crosse.] but the print of the crosse
+appeared in him and his purse. From Canturburie he got him to Douer to
+his brother in law, and finallie séeking means to passe ouer into
+France, and doubting to be discouered, he apparelled himselfe in womans
+raiment, [Sidenote: The bishop of Elie late lord chancellor disguiseth
+himselfe in womans apparell.] & got a web of cloth on his arme, as
+though he had beene some housewifelie woman of the countrie: but by the
+vntowardlie folding and vncunning handling of his cloth (or rather by a
+lewd fisherman that tooke him for an harlot) he was suspected and
+searched so narrowlie, [Sidenote: He is bewraied.] that by his priuie
+members he was prooued to be a man, and at length knowne, attached, and
+committed to prison, after he had beene reprochfullie handled by them
+that found him, and by the wiues of the towne, in such vnséemlie
+apparell.
+
+Earle John would haue had him punished, and put to some open reproofe
+for his passed tyrannicall dooings; [Sidenote: Earle John not y^e
+bishops fréend.] but the bishops, and other of the barons, for reuerence
+of his order, procured his deliuerance, with licence to passe ouer into
+Normandie where he was borne. Thus was the bishop of Elie a man full of
+pride and couetousnesse ouerthrowne with shame, and receiued for his hie
+climing a reprochfull downefall: for none are more subiect to ruine and
+rebuke, than such as be aloft and supereminent ouer others, as the poet
+noteth well saieng:
+    [Sidenote: _Ouid. lib. 1. de. rem. am._]
+    Summa petit liuor, perflant altissima venti,
+      Summa petunt dextra fulmina missa Iouis.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] In time he was deposed from his office of
+being chancellour, and not without warrant, for in verie déed, king
+Richard hauing receiued aduertisements from the lords and peeres of the
+realme, of the chancellours presumptuous and hautie demeanour, with
+wrongs offered to diuerse persons, wrote to them againe as followeth.
+
+     A letter of king Richard directed to the States of the land for the
+     deposing of the bishop of Elie from his office of lord chancellour.
+
+     Richard king of England sendeth greeting to William Marshall, to
+     Gilbert Fitz Peter, and Henrie Berdulfe, and to William Brewer,
+     peeres. If it so chance that our chancellour hath not faithfullie
+     handled the affaires and businesse of our realme (committed vnto
+     him) by the aduise and counsell of you, and others to whome we
+     haue also assigned the charge of gouernement of the same realme:
+     we command you, that according to your disposition in all things
+     to be doone concerning the gouernement thereof, you order and
+     dispose as well for eschetes, as all other things, &c.
+
+By force of this commission, the lords were the bolder to procéed
+against him as ye haue heard. Now after his comming into the parties
+beyond the seas, [Sidenote: The bishop of Elie complaineth of his wrongs
+receiued.] he ceassed not with letters and messengers to present his
+complaint to the pope of Rome, and to king Richard of the iniuries
+receiued at the hands of earle John and his complices. [Sidenote: The
+popes letters vnto the archbishope and bishops of England.] Herevpon
+pope Celestine wrote in déed to all the archbishops and bishops that
+were within the realme of England, in behalfe of the said bishop of
+Elie, declaring, that for so much as the king of England was gone into
+the holie land to warre against the enimies of our faith, leauing his
+kingdome vnder the protection of the apostolike see, he could not but
+haue speciall regard to see that the state, rights and honour thereof
+were preserued from all danger of decaie.
+
+[Sidenote: Note how the pope defendeth his chaplins.] Wherefore,
+vnderstanding that there had beene certeine attempts made by John erle
+of Mortaigne and others, both against the king and the bishop of Elie,
+that was not onelie legat of the apostolike sée, but also gouernour of
+the land appointed by the king, which attempt sounded greatlie to the
+reproch of the church of Rome, and danger of damage to insue to king
+Richard, if remedie were not the sooner found: therefore he commanded
+them by the vertue of their obedience, to excōmunicat the earle of
+Mortaigne, or any other that was knowne to haue laid any violent hands
+vpon the said bishop of Elie, or deteined him as captiue, or inforced
+him to any oth, or else had changed the state of rule in the kingdome of
+England to other forme, than king Richard had ordeined at his setting
+forward towards the holie land: and that not onelie all the
+councellours, authors, aiders and complices of those that had committed
+such outrage, but also their lands should stand interdicted, so that no
+diuine seruice should be vsed within the precinct of the same, except
+penance and christning of infants. This to remaine till the said bishop
+& kingdome were restored into the former estate: and that the parties
+excommunicated should present themselues with letters from the bishops
+vnto the apostolike see to be absolued, etc.
+
+Herevpon also the bishop of Elie himselfe wrote vnto the bishop of
+Lincolne and other, touching this matter: but the bishops did neither
+any thing in accomplishment of the effect of the popes letters, nor at
+his owne supplication. And therefore perceiuing small helpe to come that
+waie, he sought to obteine the fauour and fréendship of earle John, and
+of his mother quéene Elianor. In the meane time, the lords, barons and
+prelates of the realme, after they had depriued him of all authoritie,
+and banished him out of the land, ordeined the archbishop of Rouen in
+fauour of the kings commission, [Sidenote: The archbishop of Rouen
+chéefe gouernour of England.] to haue the chéefe rule and administration
+of things touching all the affaires of the common-wealth; but yet so as
+earle John had the dooings in manie points, so that he might séeme in
+manner an associat with him, whereof sprang much inconuenience. For this
+John being a man (as he is noted by some writers) of an ambitious
+nature, was suspected to aspire vnto the kingdome: in somuch that he had
+ioined with the French king, after the same king was returned foorth of
+the holie land, against his brother king Richard, if his mother quéene
+Elianor had not persuaded him to the contrarie.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ _Wil. Paruus._ Fiftene saith _Functius_, but
+others agrée with _Houed._ as _Gerardus Mercator_ citing _Albericus_ a
+moonke.] Whilest these things were a dooing, on the twelfth daie of
+Julie, the citie of Acres was surrendred into the Christian mens hands,
+for the Soldan Saladine (being approched néere to the siege of the
+christians with a puissant armie, in hope to haue raised their siege)
+when he perceiued it laie not in his power to worke any feat to the
+succour of his people within the citie, and that they were so
+constreined that they must néeds yéeld, he holpe to make their
+composition, and promised to performe certeine couenants on their
+behalfe. Herevpon, the Saracens within Acres couenanted not onelie to
+deliuer the citie vnto the christians with fiue hundred prisoners of
+christians which they had within the same, but also to procure that the
+holie crosse should be to them deliuered, with a thousand other
+christian prisoners, such as the christian princes should appoint out of
+those numbers which Saladine had in his custodie, and further, to giue
+them two hundred thousand Besans. And till these couenants were
+performed, it was agréed, that the Saracens, which were at that present
+left within the citie, should remaine as pledges, vnder condition, that
+if the same couenants were not performed within fortie daies, then
+should they stand at the mercie of the christian princes as touching
+life and lim.
+
+[Sidenote: The citie of Acres.] These things thus concluded, and the
+citie yéelded vp into the christian mens hands, the French king vpon
+enuie and malice conceiued against king Richard (although he pretended
+sicknesse for excuse) departed homewards, [Sidenote: The French K.
+returneth home.] setting from Acres the last day of Julie. Now then,
+after the departure of king Philip, when the day approched, in the which
+the Saracens should performe the couenants; or else stand to the
+iudgement of life and death at the pleasure of the christian princes: it
+was perceiued that the couenants would not be fulfilled according to the
+agréement. For Saladine, as it well appeared, ment not to performe that
+which for the safegard of his men he had vndertaken, and did but dallie
+with the christians to prolong the time: wherevpon sentence was giuen
+foorth, that for default in such behalfe, the Saracens remaining as
+pledges should loose their heads.
+
+Saladine hauing knowledge thereof, sent word to king Richard and to the
+whole christian armie, that if his people that were in the christian
+mens hands lost their heads, he would not faile but cause the heads of
+all those christians which he had in captiuitie to be cut off also.
+Notwithstanding which answer, on the fourteenth day of August king
+Richard issued foorth of the citie, passing the vttermost ditches, and
+incamped himselfe neere the armie of Saladine, who the same daie sent
+rich presents vnto king Richard, requiring of him a longer day for
+performance of the couenants, but that would not be granted. [Sidenote:
+Saladine causeth the christian prisoners to be beheaded.] Wherefore vpon
+the said deniall, Saladine caused all those christian prisoners which he
+had in his hands to be beheaded on the eightéenth day of August, on
+which day king Richard aduanced foorth towards the lodgings of the
+Saracens, and skirmished with them verie hotlie, so that manie were
+wounded and slaine on both parts: and amongst other one of king Richards
+companions at all exercises named Peter Mignot lost his life there.
+Furthermore, although king Richard knew that Saladine had put the
+christian prisoners to death in such wise as you haue heard, yet would
+not he preuent his terme appointed for the execution of the Saracens
+that were in his custodie, but abiding vnto the twentith day of August,
+he then caused those Saracens which fell to his lot, at the time of the
+surrender of Acres, being in number about 2600. to be brought foorth of
+the citie, and néere to the walles in the sight of Saladine and all his
+host they had their heads chopped off. The duke of Burgoigne caused
+execution to be doone within the citie vpon those which fell to the
+French kings share, the number of the which rose to two thousand and
+foure hundred, or thereabouts: for the whole number was reckoned to be
+about fiue thousand that thus lost their liues through the inconstancie
+of their prince: yet diuerse of the principall had their liues saued.
+The Saracens themselues also spake much euill of Saladine for this
+matter, [Sidenote: _R. Houed._] bicause that refusing to performe the
+articles of couenants, he had occasioned the enimie to slea those that
+had so valiantlie serued in defense of the citie, to the vttermost
+ieopardie of their liues. And heere is verified that knowne verse,
+    Quicquid delirant reges plectuntur Achiui.
+
+[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] But now to leaue forren matters, and to returne
+home into England: we find, that on the second of December, the monks of
+Canturburie chose to their archbishop Reignold bishop of Bath, who
+within fifteene daies after his election, departed this life, and lieth
+buried at Bath. [Sidenote: Strife betwixt y^e archbishop of York and the
+bishop of Durham.] Also this yeare, or (as Ger. Dor. saith) in the yeare
+following, the bishop of Durham sought meanes to withdraw his subiection
+from the archbishop of Yorke, for which attempt the archbishop of Yorke,
+vpon trust of the popes grant, did not excommunicate the said bishop,
+notwithstanding that he appealed to the popes consistorie three seuerall
+times, putting his owne matter and his churches to be examined and tried
+by the pope, where vpon he obeied not the excommunication: and
+signifieng the cause vnto Rome, obteined such fauour, that the pope and
+his cardinals reuersed the sentence, and iudged the excommunication to
+be of none effect. And further they decreed, that if the archbishop of
+Yorke had broken the altars and chalices, as information was giuen, in
+which the bishop of Durham had celebrated after his appeale made to the
+court of Rome, that then should the said bishop of Durham be acquited
+from owing any subiection to the said archbishop for so long as they two
+should liue togither.
+
+True it is, that the archbishop had not onelie broken the altars and
+chalices which the bishop had vsed in déed for the celebration of masse,
+but also held his owne brother John earle of Mortaigne for
+excommunicate, bicause he had eat and dronke in companie of the said
+bishop, and would not communicate with him, till he came to receiue
+absolution, and to make satisfaction for his fault. In the end the
+bishops of Lincolne and Rochester, with the abbat of Peterburrow, were
+appointed by the pope to haue the hearing of this matter, as iudges
+authorised by his buls, who sat therevpon at Northampton, vpon S. Calixt
+his day, where after they had heard both parties argue what they could
+in either of their cases, they gaue a longer day, to wit, vntill the
+feast of the natiuitie of saint John Baptist next after, to see if by
+anie good means there might some agréement haue beene had betwixt them,
+or (if that could not be) that then the popes leters should stand in
+force as before, & the helpes of either part saued, as though no delaie
+had béene vsed. And to this, both parties were agreeable, speciallie at
+the motion of the bishop of Lincolne.
+
+[Sidenote: Roger Lacie conestable of Chester.] This yeare also, Roger de
+Lacie conestable of Chester tooke Alan de Lec and Peter de Bouencort,
+and vpon despite hanged them, for that being put in trust amongst other
+with the kéeping of the castels of Notingham and Tickhill, which he had
+receiued into his custodie of the bishop of Elie quondam lord
+chancellour, they had consented to the treason of Robert de Crokeston, &
+Eudo de Duuille, which deliuered the same castels vnto John earle of
+Mortaigne. The same earle of Mortaigne was highlie offended for the
+death of those two persons, and therefore wasted the lands of the said
+Roger which lay within the compasse of his iurisdiction.
+
+But now touching the departure of the French king from Acres, diuerse
+occasions are remembred by writers of the emulation and secret spite
+which he should beare towards king Richard, and beside other alreadie
+touched, one was for enterteining and reléeuing the earle of Champaigne
+in such bountifull wise in his necessitie, that he was readie to forsake
+the French kings seruice, and cleaue to king Richard. But howsoeuer it
+came to passe, partlie through enuie (as hath béene thought) conceiued
+at the great déeds of king Richard, whose mightie power and valiantnesse
+he could not well abide, and partlie for other respects him moouing, he
+tooke the sea with thrée gallies of the Geneuois, and returned into
+Italie, and so home into France, hauing promised first vnto king Richard
+at his departure out of the holie land, and after to pope Celestine at
+Rome, that he would not attempt any hurtfull enterprise against the
+English dominions, till king Richard should be returned foorth of the
+holie land. [Sidenote: The euill dealling & breach of promise of the
+French king.] But this promise was not kept, for after that he was
+returned into France, he first sought to procure the foresaid erle John,
+king Richards brother, to rebell against him, promising him not onelie
+aid to reduce all his brothers dominions into his hands, but also to
+giue his sister Adela in marriage, whom king Richard vpon suspicion of
+vnchast liuing, had forsaken, as before ye haue heard. But when earle
+John was dissuaded by his mother, from accepting this offer (which
+otherwise as it is said he would willinglie haue receiued) king Philip
+still reteined a malicious rancor in his hart, and in reuenge of old
+displeasures, would haue attempted the warre against the subiects of
+king Richard, if his lords would haue ioined with him: but they
+considering what slander would redound hereby both to him and them for
+the iniurie doone to the christian common-welth, in making warre against
+him that was occupied in defense of the faith against the common enimies
+of christendome, would not giue their consent thereto, and so the matter
+rested, till king Richard was taken prisoner in Almaigne, and then what
+followed, it shall after appeare.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._ Enuious discord among the christians.] In the
+meane while, the christian armie atchiued some worthie enterprises in
+the holie land, though not manie, by reason of such enuious discord as
+reigned amongst the chéefe gouernours. It chanced yet on the éeue of the
+Natiuitie of our ladie next after the departure of king Philip, as king
+Richard marched foorth towards Japh ancientlie called Joppa, that the
+Soldan Saladine taking aduantage of the place, did set vpon the rereward
+of the christians: [Sidenote: K. Richard discomfiteth the Saracens néere
+to Port Japh.] but his Saracens (after they had fought right fiercelie
+from noone till sunne setting) were so beaten backe at length, and
+repelled with such losse and disaduantage, that in 40. yeares before
+they had not susteined at one time greater damage. Amongst other of the
+christians slaine at that encounter, was one James Dauenes, a man of
+high prowesse and valiancie.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] Moreouer, king Richard wan diuerse townes and
+castels out of the enimies hands, as Ascalon, Darus, and diuerse other,
+and some he fortified, as Ascalon aforesaid, and Port Japh, otherwise
+called Joppa. There were sundrie encounters also betwixt the Saracens
+and christians, wherein king Richard and his people bare themselues so
+manfullie, that the victorie for the most part continuallie rested on
+their side. [Sidenote: 1192.] At one time also, hearing of a great
+conueie of vittels, munitions, and other things which came from Babylon
+towards Jerusalem to furnish Saladine and his armie (which conueies they
+call carauannes) king Richard with a competent power of men met them on
+the waie, and distressed those that were attendant vpon the safegard of
+that carriage, being in number about two thousand horssemen, besides a
+great multitude of footmen, and therewith tooke the carriages with foure
+thousand and six hundred camels and dromedaries, besides an innumerable
+sort of mules, asses, and other beasts of burthen.
+
+¶ But to speake of all the worthie exploits atchiued by king Richard and
+his valiant capteins there in the holie land against the infidels, it
+would require a long treatise, and therefore here we passe them ouer.
+This is to be noted, that amongst other of whom we find honorable
+mention made by writers for their high valiancie shewed in those
+exploits, these are named as cheefe, [Sidenote: The names of such noble
+men as were famous for their valiant dooings in this voiage.] Robert
+earle of Leicester, Hubert bishop of Salisburie, with the earles of S.
+Paule and Dreux, beside diuerse other, as Hugh de Gourney, William de
+Borrez, Walcline de Ferrers, Roger de Toonie, James de Auenes, the
+bishop of Beauuois, William de Barres, William de Tarland, Drogo de
+Merlo, Robert de Nealle, Henrie Fitz Nicholas, Robert de Newburg, Rafe
+de S. Marie, Arnold de Bois, Henrie de Mailoc, William & Saule de Bruil,
+Andrew de Chauignie, Henrie de Graie, Peter de Pratellis, Stephan de
+Turneham, Baldwin Carron, Clarenbald de Mount Chablon, Manser de Lisle,
+Richard de Orques and Theodorike Philip, Ferrike de Vienne, Gilbert
+Malemaine, Alexander d'Arsie, Stephan de Longchamp, Seguin de Barret,
+Roger de Glanuille, Raimond Fitz Prince, Bartholomew de Mortimer, Gerard
+Furniuall, Rafe de Malleon, Roger de Sacie, [Sidenote: De Poole aliàs de
+Stagno.] William de Poole, Hugh de Neuill, Henrie Teutch or (if ye will)
+Teutonicus the kings standardbearer, with diuerse others, as well
+Englishmen, Frenchmen, Normans, Poictouins, Aniouines, Britans,
+Gascoignes, as other nations, of whome partlie mention is alreadie made
+before in this booke, and partlie for breefenesse diuerse are omitted.
+
+But now to returne, sure it is, that king Richard meant to haue
+recouered the citie of Jerusalem, and all the holie land out of the
+Saracens hands, by the assistance of almightie God: if the doubt which
+he had of his brother the earle of Mortaigns practises, & the French
+kings doings, which were brought to him with a greeuous report, had not
+reuoked him home. [Sidenote: _Galf. Vinsaf._] For diuerse messengers
+were sent dailie into the holie land, to aduertise him of such dangers
+as were like to insue, if by his speedie returne the same were not
+preuented. And first after Easter, there came to him the prior of
+Hereford with letters from the bishop of Elie, conteining a sore
+information against his brother earle John, for hauing expelled those
+whom he had appointed rulers ouer the realme of England, and altered the
+state of things there contrarie to the ordinances by him deuised afore
+his setting forward vpon his iournie (as before ye haue partlie heard.)
+
+Vpon receipt of which letters, he meant immediatlie at the first to haue
+returned, and to haue left behind him a conuenient power of men, to wit,
+thrée hundred knights or men of armes, and two thousand chosen footmen,
+to abide vpon the defense of the holie land, with other christians at
+his costs and charges. But yet at length he was persuaded to tarrie,
+speciallie till things were set in some better staie, which were out of
+order by the death of the marques of Montferrato, lord of Tire,
+[Sidenote: The marques of Montferrato murthered by the Assassini.] whom
+two traitorous Saracens of the kind which they name Assassini had
+murthered. After whose death Henrie earle of Champaigne nephue to king
+Richard married his wife, and was made king of Jerusalem, Guido
+resigning to him his title, vnto whome as it were in recompense king
+Richard gaue the Ile of Cypres: although some write, that the knights
+Templers had bought it of him before. Thus king Richard remaining still
+in the holie land, shortlie after Whitsuntide, there came an other
+messenger to him, one John de Alanzon a clearke, bringing worsse newes
+out of England than the prior of Hereford had brought before, which in
+effect conteined, [Sidenote: Earle John purposed to seize vpon the
+kingdom in his brothers absence.] that his brother earle John was alied
+as a confederat with the French king, and meant through his setting on,
+to seize into his possession the whole realme of England,
+notwithstanding the persuasion of his mother quéene Elianor and other
+his fréends to the contrarie.
+
+Herevpon king Richard was fullie persuaded to returne home, but yet
+through the admonition of certeine persons, [Sidenote: William de
+Poicters K. Richards chapleine.] and namelie of one William de Poicters,
+a chapleine of his, he eftsoones altered his purpose, and so remained
+there, till at length through enuie and malice still increasing amongst
+the Christians, he perceiued how no good purpose go forward, since that
+which séemed good to some, was misliked of other; and speciallie our
+writers put great blame in the French men, who either vpon disdaine or
+other displeasure would not be persuaded to follow their aduise, which
+were knowne best to vnderstand the state of things in those parties. And
+herevpon, when the armie was aduanced to Betenoble, a place not past
+foure leagues distant from Jerusalem, bicause their mind might not be
+fulfilled for the besieging of Jerusalem, which they had intended to
+take in hand (whereas the residue would rather that they shuld haue gone
+to besiege Babylon in Aegypt, and that vpon sundrie great respects) the
+Frenchmen raised their field, and returned againe to Acres in great
+despite, putting the rest of the armie also (so much as in them laie) in
+danger of vtter ruine and distresse.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 4.] Then king Richard and the other Christian
+capteins perceiuing how the matter inclined, and giuing ouer all hope of
+any more good successe, followed them. So that after they were thus
+returned to Acres, king Richard still doubting least his long absence
+from home might put him in danger of more losse here, than he saw hope
+of present gaine to be had there, in such diuersitie of humours and
+priuie malice which reigned among them, he determined fullie to depart
+homewards, with no lesse purpose to returne thither againe after he had
+setled things at home in such sure stay as was expedient for the suertie
+of his owne estate and quietnesse of his people. [Sidenote: _Wil.
+Paruus._] Herevpon being readie to enter into his ships at Acres [or as
+some haue, being on his iournie homewards in Cypres] he was aduertised
+that the Souldane Saladine had taken the town of Japh, slaine a great
+number of the christians within it, and besieged the residue within the
+castell, the which (constreined through feare) had compounded to yéeld,
+if within thrée daies there came no succour.
+
+King Richard being hereof aduertised, and turning gréef into valiancie,
+with all spéed sailed backe vnto Japh, and landing there with his
+people, caused his enimies to forsake the towne: but anon assembling
+themselues againe togither, they turned once more to besiege it,
+wherevpon he issued foorth into the fields, [Sidenote: K. Richard
+rescueth Port Japh.] and fought with them sundrie daies togither, till
+finallie they were content to forsake their enterprise, and to depart
+thence for altogither. In these conflicts the valiant courage of King
+Richard, and the worthie manhood of his souldiers right well appeared:
+[Sidenote: _Rad. Niger._ _Matth. Paris._] for he brought not with him at
+that time vnto Japh aboue 80 men of armes, and foure hundred other
+souldiers with crossebowes, and yet with that small handfull of men, and
+some aid of them that he found there in the castell, he did not onelie
+bid battell to the enimies, which were numbered to 62 thousand, but also
+put them to the woorsse, and caused them to flee backe, to their great
+shame and confusion.
+
+[Sidenote: Cephas. K. Richard fell sicke.] Thus Japh being deliuered out
+of the enimies hands, king Richard fell sicke at a castell called
+Cephas, and so remained there certeine daies, till he had recouered his
+health. In which meane time the Soldane Saladine seeming to lament his
+case, sent vnto him certeine of his councellors to common with him of
+peace, declaring that although he well vnderstood that king Richard ment
+shortlie to returne into his countrie, and that after his departure out
+of the east parts, he could with small adoo recouer all that the
+christians yet held within the holie land, he would neuerthelesse in
+respect of king Richards high prowes, and noble valliancie, grant a
+peace for a certeine time, so that not onelie Ascalon, but also all
+other such townes and places as the christians had fortified or woone
+since the conquest of Acres should be raced, as touching their walles,
+bulworks, gates, and other fortifications.
+
+King Richard (though he perceiued that this offer of peace tended vnto
+this point cheefelie, that Saladine would thereby adnihilate whatsoeuer
+the christian armie had doone in the holie land since his & the French
+kings arriuall, so that by the said peace he should gaine more than by
+the edge of his sword) did somewhat staie at this offer and demand, as a
+thing greatlie dishonourable to the christians, to lose by treatie of
+peace so much or rather more than they got by force of warres (a meere
+token of faint and féeble courage) yet considering that in such
+necessitie both of his departure from thence, and also of lacke of other
+succors to resist the puissance of the enimies, after his comming awaie,
+he iudged it best to take the offer at the enimies hands in auoiding of
+some greater euill. [Sidenote: A peace concluded betwixt the Christians
+& Saracens.] Herevpon therefore was a peace concluded to endure for
+thrée yeares, thrée moneths, thrée wéeks, thrée daies, and three houres,
+to begin at Easter next insuing. And among other articles, it was
+couenanted, that the christians should haue frée passage to come and go
+vnto the citie of Jerusalem, to visit the holie sepulchre there, which
+was granted; so that amongst a great number of christians that
+presentlie vpon this conclusion went thither, [Sidenote: Hubert bishop
+of Salisburie.] Hubert bishop of Salisburie was one, who had continued
+about the king during the time of all his iournie till this time.
+
+King Richard hauing thus concluded with Saladine, tooke the sea, and
+comming againe into Cypres, sent his wife queene Berengaria with his
+sister Joane (late quéene of Sicile) into England by the long seas, but
+he himselfe not minding to lie long on the seas, [Sidenote: K. Richard
+taketh his iornie homewards.] determined to take his course into Grecia,
+and so by land to passe homewards with all speed possible. Howbeit yer
+he could atteine his purpose, his chance was to be driuen by tempest
+into the coast of Istria, not farre from Aquilia, where he stood in some
+doubt of his life. For if he had beene knowne and taken, they would
+surelie haue killed him, [Sidenote: K. Richard slandered for the death
+of y^e marques of Montferrato.] bicause of the slander that went of
+him, as guiltie of the death of Conrade the marquesse of Montferrato,
+who indéed was slaine by two of the Assassini in the citie of Tyrus,
+whilest king Richard was in the holie land (as before yée haue heard.)
+
+He therefore hauing here made shipwracke, and doubting to fall into the
+hands of any person in those parts that bare good will vnto the
+marquesse (against whome he had indéed shewed himselfe not freendlie in
+a quarrell betwixt the said marquesse and Guido king of Jerusalem) made
+the best shift he could to get away, yet knowledge being had of him,
+[Sidenote: _W. Paruus._ Erle of Gorze Saltzburge.] and serch made after
+him by one Meinard of Gorezein, he lost eight of his seruants, and so
+came to a towne within the bishoprike of Saltzburge called Frisake,
+where he was eftsoones in danger to haue beene taken againe by one
+Frederike de saint Soome, who notwithstanding tooke six of his men, but
+yet he himselfe with three other of his companie made shift to get away.
+[Sidenote: K. Richard commeth to Vienna.] Finallie comming to Vienna in
+Austrich, and there causing his seruants to prouide meat for him, more
+sumptuous and fine than was thought requisit for so meane a person as he
+counterfeited then to beare out in countenance, it was streightwaies
+suspected that he was some other maner of man than he pretended,
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] and in fine, those that marked more diligentlie
+the maner of him, perceiued what he was, and gaue knowledge to the duke
+of Austrich named Leopold, being then in the citie of Vienna, what they
+had seene. His page that had the Dutch toong, going about the towne to
+change gold, and buy vittels, bewraied him, hauing by chance the kings
+gloues vnder his girdle: wherevpon comming to be examined for feare of
+tortures confessed the truth.
+
+[Sidenote: _Ra. Niger._] The duke streightwaies caused the house where
+he was lodged, to be set about with armed men, and sent other into the
+house to apprehend him. He being warie that he was descried, got him to
+his weapon: but they aduising him to be contented, and alledging the
+dukes commandement, he boldlie answered, "that sith he must be taken, he
+being a king, would yéeld himselfe to none of the companie but to the
+duke alone, and therefore if it would please him to come, he would yéeld
+himselfe into his hands." [Sidenote: K. Richard submitteth himselfe to
+the duke of Austrich.] The duke hearing of this, spéedilie came vnto
+him, whom he meeting, deliuered vp his sword, and committed him vnto his
+custodie. The duke reioising of such a preie, brought him vnto his
+palace, and with gentle words enterteined him, though he meant no great
+good towards him, as well inough appeared in that he committed him to
+the keeping of certeine gentlemen, which without much courtesie looked
+streightlie inough to him for starting awaie, in somuch that they kept
+him in cold irons (as some authours doo write.) [Sidenote: _N. Triuet._]
+He was taken after the maner aforesaid in December vpon S. Thomas éeue,
+in the yéere of our Lord 1192. and in the fourth yeare of his reigne.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polychron._] The duke of Austrich owght the king no good
+will, bicause he had cast downe his ensignes pitcht vp in a turret at
+Acres, which he had woone at the verie time when that citie was
+deliuered by the Saracens: [Sidenote: The cause of the displeasure
+betwixt the duke of Austrich & king Richard.] for while they were in
+tretie on the one side, the duke on the other, not knowing anie thing
+thereof, gaue the assault vnto that part of the towne which was
+appointed vnto him to besiege. And so being entred the towne, and
+perceiuing that by treatie it was to be deliuered, he retired into the
+turret which he had first woone and entred, and there set vp his
+standard and ensignes, which king Richard (as the Dutch writers affirme)
+comming thither, threw downe and trode vnder his féet.
+
+[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] But Geruasius Dorobornensis declareth this
+matter somewhat otherwise, as thus. After that the said citie of Acres
+was rendred into the christian mens hands (saith he) diuerse lords tooke
+their lodgings as they thought good, and hanged foorth their ensignes.
+And as it chanced, the duke of Austrich placing himselfe in one of the
+fairest palaces of all the citie, put foorth his ensigne, whereof king
+Richard being warie, came thither with a companie of hardie souldiers
+about him, and threw downe the dukes ensigne, so displacing him out of
+that so pleasant and beautifull a lodging. [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] For
+this cause, and also surmizing that king Richard should be guiltie of
+the death of the marques Conrade, the duke of Austrich shewed such
+discourtesie towards him. But concerning the murther of the marques, the
+chéefe gouernour of those Saracens called Assassini cleared king Richard
+by a letter written and directed vnto the duke of Austrich in manner as
+followeth.
+
+     A letter directed to the duke of Austrich, wherein king Richard is
+     cleared of the death of the marquesse of Mountferrat, whereof he
+     was vehementlie suspected.
+
+     Lvpoldo duci Austriæ, Vetus de Monte salutem. Cùm plurimi reges &
+     principes vltra mare Richardum regem Angliæ & dominum de morte
+     marchisi inculpent, iuro per dominum qui regnat in æternum, &
+     per legem quam tenemus, quòd in eius mortem nullam culpam habuit.
+     Est siquidem causa mortis ipsius marchisi talis. Vnus ex
+     fratribus nostris in vnam nauem de Satalei, ad partes nostras
+     veniebat, & tempestas illum fortè ad Tyrum appulit, & marchisus
+     fecit illum capere & occidere, & magnam pecuniam eius rapuit. Nos
+     verò marchiso nuncios nostros misimus, mandantes vt pecuniam
+     fratris nostri nobis redderet, & de morte fratris nostri nobiscum
+     se concordaret, & noluit.
+
+     Nec non & nuncios nostros spreuit, & mortem fratris nostri super
+     Reginaldum dominum de Sidonis posuit, & nos tantùm fecimus per
+     amicos nostros, quod in veritate scimus, quòd ille fecit illum
+     occidere & pecuniam rapere. Et iterum alium nuncium nostrum
+     nomine Edrisum misimus ad eum, quem in mare mergere voluit, sed
+     amici nostri illum à Tyro festinanter fecerunt recedere, qui ad
+     nos peruenit, & ista nobis nunciauit. Nos quoque ex illa hora
+     marchisum desiderauimus occidere. Túncque duos fratres misimus ad
+     Tyrum, qui eum apertè & ferè coram omni populo Tyri occiderunt.
+
+     Hæc ergò fuit causa mortis marchisi, & benè dicimus vobis in
+     veritate, quòd dominus Richardus rex Angliæ in hac marchisi morte
+     nullam culpam habuit. Et qui propter hoc domino regi Angliæ malum
+     fecerunt, iniustè fecerunt, & sine causa. Sciatis pro certo, quòd
+     nullum hominem huius mundi pro mercede aliqua vel pecunia
+     occidimus, nisi priùs nobis malum fecerit. Et sciatis quòd has
+     literas fecimus in domo nostra ad castellum nostrum Messiat in
+     dimidio Septembri, anno ab Alexandro 1505.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     The same in English.
+
+     Vetus de Monte to Lupold duke of Austrich sendeth greeting. Where
+     manie kings and princes beyond the seas blame Richard king of
+     England of the marques his death, I sweare by the lord that
+     reigneth euerlastinglie, and by the law which we hold, that he
+     was not in fault for his death. For the verie cause of the
+     marques his death was such as followeth. One of our brethren in a
+     ship of Satalie came towards our parties, and chanced by tempest
+     to be driuen vnto Tyre, and the marques caused him to be taken
+     and slaine and tooke a great portion of monie that he had in the
+     ship with him. Whervpon we sent our messengers to the marques,
+     commanding him to restore vnto vs the monie of our brother, and
+     to compound with vs for our said brothers death, and he would
+     not.
+
+     Moreouer, he also contemned our messengers, & laid the fault of
+     our brothers death vpon Reginald lord of Sidon, and we did so
+     much through our freends, that we got full vnderstanding that the
+     marques himselfe caused him to be slaine, and tooke his monie.
+     And therefore we sent vnto him againe an other messenger named
+     Edrisus, whome he would haue drowned in the sea, but our freends
+     made such shift, that they procured him to depart with speed from
+     Tyre, who returned to vs, and signified these things to vs for
+     certeine. And from that houre euer after we had a desire to slea
+     the marques: and so then we sent two of our brethren vnto Tyre,
+     who openlie, & in a manner in presence of all the people of Tyre
+     slue him.
+
+     This therefore was the verie cause of the death of the marques: &
+     we say to you in good sooth, that the lord Richard king of
+     England, in this death of the marques was nothing culpable: and
+     they that haue doone anie displeasure vnto the king of England
+     for this cause, they haue doone it wrongfullie, and without anie
+     iust occasion. Know ye for certeine, that we do not vse to kill
+     anie man of this world for anie bribe, or for monie, except he
+     haue doone to vs some harme afore time. And know ye that we haue
+     made these letters in our house at our castell of Messuat, in the
+     midst of September, in the yeare from Alexander the great, 1505.
+
+¶ Thus we see how king Richard was cleared of that crime concerning the
+marques his death by the tenour of this letter. And verelie it is most
+like that king Richard would haue béene loth to haue communicated his
+purpose vnto such a wicked kind of pagans as the Assassini were, if he
+had pretended any such matter, but rather would haue sought his reuenge
+by some other meanes. Now therefore to our purpose.
+
+The newes of the taking of king Richard was anon bruted and blowne ouer
+all Germanie, wherevpon the emperour Henrie the sixt, the sonne of
+Frederike the first, [Sidenote: 1193.] sent in all hast vnto the duke,
+persuading him to deliuer the king into his hands, being able to
+susteine and abide the malice of all them that would be offended with
+the taking and deteining of him prisoner, as the pope and others. The
+emperour well vnderstood the wealth and riches of England, and therefore
+hoped to make some good purchase by ransoming the king, if he might get
+him out of the dukes hands. The duke perceiuing also the emperours
+meaning, durst not well denie his request, [Sidenote: The king is
+deliuered to the emperor. _Matth. Paris._] and therefore he deliuered
+the king vnto them that were sent from the emperour, who couenanted to
+giue vnto the said duke the summe of 6000. pounds of Cullen weight for
+the hauing of the said king. The emperour thus receiuing the king at the
+hands of the duke of Austrich, commanded that he should be committed to
+close prison, and would not doo so much as once speake with him. This he
+did, to cause the king vpon an indignation and wearinesse of that maner
+of life, to make speed in offering some large masse of monie for his
+libertie & deliuerance. ¶ Thus we sée how couetousnesse infected the
+hearts of the mightie, and what occasion the emperour and duke did take,
+to inrich themselues by the meanes of the king, whome they forced not to
+impouerish, so their owne greedie worme were serued. But this hath béene
+a disease not so generall as ancient, according to his words that said,
+    [Sidenote: _Ouid. lib. Fast. 1._]
+    Vix ego Saturno quenquam regnante videbam,
+      Cuius non animo dulcia lucra forent.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] Here is to be remembred by the waie, that
+about the same time, or somewhat before, [Sidenote: Two legats from y^e
+pope.] in the yeare of our Lord 1192. the pope sent two legats (namelie,
+Octauian bishop of Hostia, and Jordane de Fossa noua) into Normandie, to
+reconcile the bishop of Elie and the archbishop of Rouen: but comming
+vnto Gisors, they were staied from entring any further into the
+countrie, [Sidenote: Normandie interdicted.] wherevpon they did
+interdict the whole duchie of Normandie, togither with William Fitz
+Radulfe lord steward of that countrie, bicause he was the man that had
+so staied them. Immediatlie herevpon, queene Elianor, and the archbishop
+of Rouen sent vnto those legats Hugh bishop of Durham, requiring them to
+release that sentence of interdiction so pronounced against the steward
+and countrie of Normandie in the kings absence, but they would not,
+except they might be receiued into Normandie: howbeit, the pope being
+sent vnto, released it, and caused the legats to release it also, and
+yet they entred not into Normandie at all.
+
+[Sidenote: The earle of Pieregort & others wast the K. of Englands
+lands.] This yeare, whilest the seneschall of Gascoigne laie sicke, the
+earle of Pieregort, and the vicount of March, and almost all the lords
+and barons of Gascoigne, began to waste and destroie the lands of king
+Richard. And though the seneschall manie times by messengers required a
+peace, or at the least some truce, yet could he not haue any grant
+thereof: [Sidenote: The seneschal of Gascoigne reuengeth iniurie.]
+wherfore vpon his recouerie of health he inuaded the lands of the said
+earle, tooke the castels and fortresses and some of them he fortified,
+and kept to the kings vse, and some of them he raced downe to the
+ground. He also inuaded the vicounts countrie, and subdued it to the
+kings gouernement. [Sidenote: The king of Nauarres brother.] Shortlie
+after came the brother of the king of Nauarre, with eight hundred
+knights or men of armes to the seneschals aid, and so they two togither
+entring into the lands of the earle of Tholouse, tooke diuerse castels
+and fortresses within the same, of the which some they fortified, and
+some they raced, and rode euen to the gates of Tholouse, and lodged in
+maner vnder the walles of the citie.
+
+A little before Christmas also, diuerse of those that had béene in the
+holie land with king Richard, came home into England, not knowing but
+that king Richard had beene at home before them, and being asked where
+they thought he was become, they could say no more but that they had
+seene the ship wherein he first went aboord, arriuing at Brendize in
+Puglia. At length, when newes came that he was taken and staied as
+prisoner, the archbishop of Rouen and other the rulers of the realme of
+England, [Sidenote: The abbats of Boxley and Roberts-bridge.] sent the
+abbat of Boxeley and the abbat of Roberts-bridge with all spéed into
+Almaine to speake with him, and to vnderstand his state, and what his
+pleasure was in all things. Who comming to Germanie, passed through the
+countrie into Baierland, where at a place called Oxefer they found the
+king as then on his iournie towards the emperour, to whom (as yée haue
+heard) the duke of Austrich did send him. The said abbats attended him
+to the emperours court, and remained there with him till the emperour
+and he were accorded, in manner as after shall be shewed: and then after
+Easter they returned with the newes into England.
+
+[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] Vpon report hereof order was taken for manie
+things, but cheefelie for the state: in which dealings, forsomuch as
+those which had the rule of the land stood in great doubt of things (for
+the inconstant nature of earle John was of them much suspected) first
+they caused a new oth of allegiance to be made to king Richard, and
+receiued of the people. They fortified also such townes and castels as
+were of importance, both with repairing the walles and other defenses
+about the same, and furnishing them with men, munition and vittels. Thus
+was the land brought into some order.
+
+[Sidenote: The French king counselleth K. John to vsurpe against his
+brother.] In the meane while, the French king being aduertised that king
+Richard was deteined as prisoner reioised not a little thereat, and with
+all speed by secret messages did send for his brother earle John, who
+was readie to come at his call. And being come, he exhorted him not to
+suffer so conuenient an occasion to passe, but to take the gouernement
+of the realme of England now into his hands, promising him all such aid
+as he could of him reasonablie require: with other like talke still
+tending to the prouocation of the earle to forsake his allegiance vnto
+his brother. And to say the truth, earle John was easilie persuaded so
+to doo, and therefore vpon his immediat returne into England, assembled
+an armie, and with the same (and such strangers as he brought with him)
+began to prooue maisteries, first winning the castels of Windsore,
+Wallingford, Notingham, and diuerse other, and fortifieng the same to
+his owne vse and defense.
+
+The barons of the land, iudging such vnlawfull doings not to be anie
+longer suffered, first besieged the castell of Windsore, and after
+preparing to leuie a greater force, did put them within in such feare,
+that they yéelded vp the same, séeking to escape by flight, some into
+one place, and some into an other, the which yet being apprehended were
+put to worthie execution. [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] But this was not doone
+without continuance of time, & without great trouble & charges to the
+realme: for whereas there was a practise betwixt the French king and
+earle John, that a great power of strangers, & namelie Flemings should
+haue come into the realme (for whose transporting a great number of
+ships were brought togither at Witsand) yet the high prouidence and
+goodnesse of God disappointed their purpose. For their messengers being
+taken which were sent hither into England, the treason was reuealed, and
+by the queene mothers appointment (who cheefelie then ruled the land) a
+great companie of knights, men of armes, and commons of the countrie,
+watched the sea coasts ouer against Flanders, to keepe the enimies from
+landing. They began thus to watch in the passion wéeke, and so continued
+till a certeine time after Easter. Howbeit earle John came secréetlie
+ouer, in hope to haue not onelie the assistance of the Welshmen and of
+manie other his freends in England, but also of the Scots, howbeit, the
+king of Scots would not meddle. He therefore with such Welshmen and
+other as he had brought ouer, and such Englishmen as he could get to
+take his part, began such attempts (as before ye haue heard) to the
+disquieting of the whole realme, and great displeasure of the king.
+
+Moreouer, beside that power of the barons which laid siege to Windsor
+castell, there were Noble men also in other parts of the realme that
+were readie to resist him. [Sidenote: The archbishop of Yorke. Hugh
+Bardolfe. William de Stuteuille.] And amongst other, Geffrey the
+archbishop of Yorke, with Hugh Bardolfe one of the kings iustices, and
+William de Stuteuille, assembled an armie, and comming to Doncaster,
+fortified[9] the towne: but when the archbishop would haue gone forward
+to besiege the castell of Tickhill, which earle John had in possession,
+the other two his associats would not consent to go with him, bicause
+they were seruants, and reteined with earle John. Herewith the
+archbishop being sore offended, departed from them, calling them
+traitors to their king, and enimies to the realme.
+
+About the same time did the French king enter into Normandie with an
+armie, & comming to the towne of Gisors, besieged it, the which one
+Gilbert de Vascoll or Guascoill capteine thereof (to his high reproch)
+yéelded vp vnto him, with an other castell also called Nefle, which he
+had likewise in kéeping. [Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] After this, the
+French king entring into the countrie of Veuxine or Veulquessine, wan
+diuers towns and fortresses in the same, and passing forward, tooke Val
+de Rueil, and Neusburge, [Sidenote: Rouen besieged.] and finallie
+comming before the citie of Rouen he laid siege thereto: [Sidenote: The
+earle of Leicester.] but the earle of Leicester being gotten into the
+citie before the French kings comming thither, so incouraged the
+citizens, that they stoutlie standing to their defense, caused the
+French king to his great dishonour to raise his field, hauing lost there
+more than he wan. [Sidenote: _Polydor._] Yet to saue other townes and
+castels from taking, and the countrie from destruction, the rulers of
+the same procured a truce for a great summe of monie, which they
+couenanted to giue, deliuering vp foure notable castels by waie of
+engagement, till the summe agreed vpon should be to him contented and
+dulie paid.
+
+In the meane time, earle John as head of all the conspiratours,
+perceiuing himselfe not able to atchieue his purpose as then, nor to
+resist the lords and barons of the realme, being vp in armour against
+him, and now growen to greater stomach, bicause they vnderstood by the
+bishop of Salisburie latelie arriued, of the kings welfare, and hope of
+deliuerance; and furthermore, considering that he was disappointed both
+of Scots and Flemings as he had well hoped should haue come to his aid:
+he tooke a truce with the lords of the kings side, by the earnest
+trauell of the bishop of Salisburie, [Sidenote: Michaelmas, saith _Ger.
+Dorob._] till the feast of All saincts, so as the castels of Windsore,
+Wallingford, and the Peake, should remaine in the hands of his mother
+queene Elianor; but the castels of Notingham and Tickhill remained still
+in his owne possession, the which with such other castels as he held
+within the land, he furnished with garrisons of his owne men and
+freends, and then went againe ouer into France to the French king, to
+purchase some new aid at his hands according to his promise.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] Here will we leaue earle John conferring with
+the French king, and returne to the king of England. Vpon Palmesundaie
+after that he was deliuered (or rather betraied) into the emperours
+hands, he was brought before the princes and lords of the empire,
+[Sidenote: The emperour chargeth king Richard with iniuries doone to the
+Sicilians.] in whose presence the emperour charged him with diuerse
+vnlawfull dooings: and namelie picked a quarell at him for the wrongs
+and hurts doone to the Sicilians in time of his soiourning in their Ile,
+as he went towards the holie land. For albeit the said emperour had
+nothing as then to doo in the countrie, yet for somuch as he had latelie
+recouered the Ile of Sicile out of king Tancreds hands, and was now
+intituled king thereof by the pope, in right of his wife Constance, the
+daughter of Roger king of Sicile, and so by reason therof seemed to be
+gréeuouslie offended with him for his dooings about the recouering of
+the monie from Tancred, which neuerthelesse was iustlie due vnto his
+sister for her dowrie, as in the processe afore I haue alreadie
+declared. [Sidenote: _W. Paruus._ _Matth. West._ The kings wisdome in
+making his answere.] King Richard notwithstanding these vaine and other
+friuolous obiections laid to his charge, made his answears alwaies so
+pithilie and directlie to all that could be laid against him, and
+excused himselfe in euerie point so not onelie greatlie commended him
+for the same, but from thencefoorth vsed him more courteouslie, and
+suffered that his fréends might haue accesse to him more fréelie than
+before they could be permitted.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] The pope also being aduertised of the taking of
+king Richard, was much offended, that anie Christian prince, hauing
+taken vpon him the defense of the Christian faith against the infidels,
+should be so vsed in his returne from so godlie an enterprise: and
+therefore sent both to the duke of Austrich, and to the emperour,
+requiring them to set him at libertie. But the emperour declared
+plainlie that he would be answered for such summes of monie as king
+Richard had taken out of Sicile before he would release him or set him
+at libertie.
+
+[Sidenote: The bishop of Salisburie sent into England.] When king
+Richard perceiued that no excuses would serue, though neuer so iust, but
+that he must néeds paie to his couetous host some great summe of monie
+for his hard interteinment, he sent the bishop of Salisburie into
+England, to take order with the barons of the realme to prouide for the
+paiment of his ransome, which bishop (as yée haue heard) after the peace
+concluded with Saladine, went vnto Jerusalem to visit the holie
+sepulchre, and now comming into Sicile, as he returned homewards, had
+knowledge there how king Richard was taken prisoner in Austrich, and
+remained in the emperours hands: wherevpon he turned that waie foorth,
+and comming to him, was now sent into England with commission (as I haue
+said) to leauie monie for the kings ransome. He landed here the twentith
+day of Aprill, [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] by whose comming the land was the
+sooner brought in quiet: for the agréement which earle John tooke (as
+before yée haue heard) was cheefelie procured by his meanes. For till
+his comming, the castell of Windsore was not woone, the siege being but
+slackelie followed by the archbishop of Rouen, who had diuerse of his
+fréends within it, and therefore was not verie earnest against them.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ The bishop of Elie commeth to the king.] When
+the bishop of Salisburie was departed towards England, the bishop of
+Elie came to the king and trauelled so earnestlie betwixt the emperour
+and him, that finallie the emperour (partlie through his suit, & partlie
+for that he had beene verie much called vpon by the pope and other for
+his deliuerie) tooke order with him for the redéeming of his libertie,
+[Sidenote: The emperor agréeth with king Richard for his ransome. _N.
+Triuet._ _Matth. Paris._] and appointed what summe he should pay for his
+ransome, which (as some write) was two hundred thousand markes: other
+saie that it was but 140 thousand marks of the poise of Cullen weight.
+But William Paruus, who liued in those daies, affirmeth it was one
+hundred thousand pounds, and Roger Houeden saith an hundred thousand
+marks of Cullen poise, to be paid presentlie at the kings first comming
+into England, and fiftie thousand marks afterwards, that is to say,
+thirtie thousand to the emperour, and twentie thousand to the duke of
+Austrich, as it were in recompense of the iniurie done to him in the
+holie land; where king Richard ouerthrew his ensignes: and for the same
+to deliuer sufficient suerties.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ Lands assigned to king Richard.] Moreouer, we
+find in Roger Houeden that the emperour amongst other the articles of
+this agréement thus concluded betwixt him and king Richard, gaue and
+granted, and by his letters patents confirmed vnto him these lands
+hereafter mentioned, that is to saie: Prouance with the citie of Vienne,
+and Viennois, the citie of Marseils, Narbon, Arles and Lion vpon the
+Rhone, with the countrie vp to the Alps, and all those possessions which
+belonged to the empire in Burgoine, with the homages of the king of
+Aragon and of the earle of S. Giles: wherein is to be noted, that with
+the precinct of the premisses thus granted to king Richard, fiue
+archbishops sées, and thirtie three bishops sées are included. Howbeit
+the truth is, that the emperour neuer had possession of these countries,
+cities, and towns himselfe, neither would the inhabitants receiue any
+person so by him appointed to their lord and gouernour, wherefore the
+king made small account of that his so large grant. But after he once
+vnderstood the certeintie of the summe that he should paie for his
+ransome (which businesse he most attended) he sent one with letters by
+and by and in great hast into England to his treasurers, requiring them
+with all conuenient spéed to prouide monie, [Sidenote: _Polydor._] and
+to send it to him by a day, that he might be set at libertie with spéed.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ Order taken for leuieng monie to paie the kings
+ransome.] These letters being come to the quéene mother, and other that
+had charge in gouernance of the realme, tooke order that all maner of
+persons as well spirituall as temporall, should giue the fourth part of
+their whole reuenues to them for that yeare accrewing, and as much more
+of their mooueable goods, and that of euerie knights fée there should be
+leuied the sum of twentie shillings. Also that the religious houses of
+the orders of the Cisteaux and Sempringham should giue all their wools
+for that yeare towards the kings ransome.
+
+[Sidenote: The hard dealing of officers in the collection.] Now those
+that had commission to leuie this monie, being poisoned with
+couetousnesse, and incensed with a gréedie desire (than the which as the
+poet saith,
+    ---- nulla est hac maior Erinnys,
+    Hanc memorant Acheronte satam, per tristia Ditis
+    Regna truces agitare faces, &c.)
+vsed much streightnesse in exacting it, not onelie leuieng it to the
+vttermost value and extent of mens lands, goods, and possessions, but
+after their owne willes and pleasures: so that vnder colour of the kings
+commission, and letters to them directed, there séemed not a tribute or
+subsidie to be raised, but by some publike proclamation all the goods
+and substance of the people to be appointed as a prey to the kings
+officers, whereby it came to passe, that not onelie priuate mens goods,
+[Sidenote: Church iewels.] but also the chalices, iewels, and vessels
+belonging to the church were turned into monie, and a farre greater
+summe made than was at the first commanded, a great part of the ouerplus
+being conuerted to the vse of those, through whose hands the receipt
+passed. There was no priuilege nor freedome allowed to exempt any person
+or place for being contributorie towards the paiment of this monie. The
+order of Cisteaux that were neuer charged with any paiment before, were
+now assessed more déepelie than the rest.
+
+[Sidenote: The bishop of Norwich.] The bishop of Norwich lamenting the
+iniurious dealings of the pettie officers, and pittieng the people of
+the church, collected halfe the value of all the chalices within his
+diocesse himselfe, and to make vp the other halfe of the whole summe, he
+spared not to giue a great portion of his owne treasure. [Sidenote: The
+abbat of saint Albons.] The abbat of S. Albons acquitted all those
+churches within the compasse of his iurisdiction, by the gift of an
+hundred marks. [Sidenote: The bishop of Chester.] But the bishop of
+Chester had verie ill lucke with his collections; for hauing gathered a
+great summe of monie to the kings vse, he was spoiled thereof in one
+night, as he lodged neere vnto Canturburie, being vpon his iournie
+towards the king. [Sidenote: Matthew de Cléere.] And bicause Matthew de
+Cléere that laie in the castell of Douer was knowne to aid those that
+robbed the said bishop, the archbishop of Canturburie pronounced him
+accurssed.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ The bishop of Elie.] About this time, and on the
+morrow after the natiuitie of saint John Baptist, the bishop of Elie
+lord chancellour arriued in England, not shewing himselfe in any
+statelie port (for he tooke vpon him neither the dignitie of chancellour
+nor legat, nor yet of iustice) but onelie as a simple bishop and
+messenger sent from the king. The quéene mother, the archbishop of
+Rouen, and such other as had gouernment of the land, hearing of his
+comming, met him at saint Albons, where he shewed to them the emperours
+letters, conteining the agreement made betwixt him and king Richard, and
+withall appointed certeine lords & barons to go with him at his returne
+backe to the king, as Gilbert bishop of Rochester, Sifrid bishop of
+Chichester, Bennet abbat of Peterborow, Richard earle of Clare, Roger
+Bigot earle of Norfolke, Geffrey de Saie, and diuerse other. It was also
+ordeined at this same time, that the monie gathered towards the paiment
+of the kings ransome should remaine in custodie of Hubert bishop of
+Salisburie, Richard bishop of London, William earle of Arundell,
+Hameline earle of Warren, and of the Maior of London, vnder the seales
+of the quéene mother, and of the archbishop of Rouen.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 5.] ¶ But sée the hap of things, whilest ech one was
+thus occupied about the aforesaid monie; [Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] it
+chanced that king Richard was at the point to haue béene deliuered into
+the hands of his deadlie aduersarie the French king, as hereafter you
+shall heare, noting by the waie the dangerous estate of princes, the
+manifold distresses whereinto by sinister fate (as well as the inferior
+& rascall rout of common drudges) they be driuen. For what greater
+calamitie, what gréeuouser hartach, what more miserable casualtie could
+haue happened vnto a bondman, than to be deliuered to and fro from the
+hand of one enimie to another, to be bought and sold for monie, to stand
+to the courtesies of forren foes, of a king to become a captiue?
+whervnto the poet did right well allude, when he said,
+    [Sidenote: _Hor. lib. car. 1. ode 10._]
+    Sæpius ventis agitatur ingens
+    Pinus, & celsæ grauiore casu
+    Decidunt turres, feriúntq; summos
+      Fulmina montes.
+
+The emperour vpon displeasure conceiued against the bishop of Liege,
+which latelie had atteined to that benefice contrarie to the emperours
+pleasure, who wished the same rather to an other person, [Sidenote: The
+bishop of Liege murthered.] hired certeine naughtie fellowes to go into
+France, where the bishop remained for feare of the emperours malice, and
+there to find meanes traitorouslie to slea him, which they accordinglie
+did, by reason whereof the duke of Louaigne that was brother to the
+bishop, and other of his kinsmen, vpon knowledge had thereof, meant to
+haue made the emperour warre, in reuenge of that murther: insomuch that
+the emperour, to haue the French kings aid against them, was minded to
+haue deliuered K. Richard vnto him.
+
+Howbeit after that the matter was taken vp, and a concord made betwixt
+the emperour and his nobles, he changed his purpose also touching the
+deliuering ouer of king Richard, who perceiuing that till his ransome
+were paid (which would amount to the summe of an hundred & fiftie
+thousand marks) he should not get libertie: and putting great confidence
+in the dexteritie and diligence of Hubert bishop of Salisburie (whome he
+sent as ye haue heard into England to deale for the leuieng of the same)
+he thought good to aduance the same bishop to the metropolitane sée of
+Canturburie, which had beene vacant euer sithence the decease of
+archbishop Baldwine, that died (as ye haue heard) in the holie land.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] Herevpon writing to the bishops of the
+realme, and to the moonks of Canturburie, he required them to procéed to
+the election of an archbishop for that see, and withall commended vnto
+them the foresaid Hubert, as a man most sufficient and méet for that
+roome. [Sidenote: Hubert bishop of Salisburie elected archbishop of
+Cāturburie.] He wrote likewise to the queene to further that matter, and
+easilie hereby obteined his desire. For shortlie after, the same Hubert
+was elected by the bishops and moonks, which assembled togither for that
+purpose. He was the 41 archbishop that gouerned that see: for although
+Reginold bishop of Bath was elected before him, yet bicause he died yer
+he was installed, he is not put in the number.
+
+The king being now put in good hope of his spéedie deliuerance, sent
+into England, willing his mother quéene Elianor, the archbishop of Rouen
+and others, to come ouer vnto him into Almaine, [Sidenote: Hubert
+archbishop of Cāturburie, lord chéefe iustice.] and in the meane time he
+ordeined Hubert the archbishop of Canturburie to remaine at home as lord
+cheefe iustice. After this, the emperour with the aduice of the princes
+of the empire, assigned a day to king Richard, in which he should be
+deliuered out of captiuitie, which was the mondaie next after the
+twentith day of Christmasse. Wherevpon king Richard wrote vnto Hubert
+archbishop of Canturburie in forme as followeth.
+
+     The tenour of king Richards letters to the said archbishop.
+
+     Richardus Dei gratia rex Angliæ, & dux Normaniæ & Aquitaniæ, &
+     comes Andigauiæ, venerabili patri nostro in Christo, & amico
+     charissimo Huberto eadem gratia Cantuariensi archiepiscopo
+     salutem & sinceræ dilectionis plenitudinem. Quoniam certiores
+     sumus, quòd liberationem nostram plurimùm desideratis, & quòd
+     liberatio nostra admodum vos lætificat, scripto volumus quòd
+     lætitiae nostræ participes sitis. Inde est quòd dilectioni vestræ
+     dignum duximus significare, dominum imperatorem certum diem
+     liberationis nostræ nobis praefixisse, in die lunæ proxima post
+     vicessimum diem natiuitatis Domini, & die dominica proxima
+     sequenti coronabimur de regno prouinciæ, quod nobis dedit. Vnde
+     mittimus in Angliam literas domini imperatoris super hijs
+     patentes, vobis & cæteris amicis nostris beneuolis. Vos autem
+     interim pro omni posse vestro quos scitis nos diligere, consolari
+     velitis, & quos scitis promotionem nostram desiderare. Teste
+     meipso apud Spiram 22. die Septembris.
+
+The emperour also signified by his letters to the lords of England his
+resolute determination in this matter, as followeth.
+
+     The tenour of the emperours letters to the States of England
+     touching king Richard, and the day of his deliuerance, &c.
+
+     Henricus Dei gratia Romanorum imperator, & semper Augustus,
+     dilectis suis archiep. episcopis, comitibus, baronibus,
+     militibus, & vniuersis alijs fidelibus Richardi illustris regis
+     Anglorum gratiam suam & omne bonum. Vniuersitati vestræ duximus
+     intimandum, quòd dilecto amico nostro Richardo illustri regi
+     Anglorum domino vestro certum diem liberationis suæ statuimus, Ã
+     secunda feria post diem natiuitatis domini in tres septimanas
+     apud Spiram siue apud Berenatiam, & inde in septem dies posuimus
+     ei diem coronationis suæ de regno Prouinciæ, quod ei promisimus:
+     & hoc certum habeatis, & indubitatum, nostri siquidem propositi
+     est, & voluntatis, præfatum dominum vestrum specialem promouere
+     sicut amicum nostrum, & magnificentiùs honorare. Datum apud
+     Theallusam vigilia beati Thomæ Apostoli.
+
+Before this king Richard had sent the bishop of Elie into France vnto
+his brother earle John, who preuailed so much with him, that he returned
+into Normandie, and there sware fealtie vnto his brother king Richard,
+and so was contented to forsake the French king. But whereas king
+Richard commanded that all such castels and honours as he had giuen to
+him afore time, should now be restored to him againe, as well those in
+England, as the other on the further side the sea: such as had the same
+castels in kéeping would not obeie the kings commandement herein,
+[Sidenote: The kings commandement not obeied.] refusing to make
+restitution of those places, according to the tenour & purport of the
+kings writ, vnto the said earle of Mortaigne, by reason of which
+refusall, he returned againe to the French king, and stucke to him.
+Herevpon the French king gaue vnto him the castels of Dreincourt, and
+Arques, the which ought to haue béene deliuered vnto the archbishop of
+Reimes as in pledge, who had trauelled as a meane betwixt the French
+king to whom he was vncle, and the king of England to whom he was
+cousine, procuring a meeting for agreement to be had betwixt them at a
+certeine place betwixt Vaucolur and Tulle in the borders of Lorraine.
+But notwithstanding all that he could doo, matters were so farre out of
+frame, and such mistrust was entred into the minds of the parties, that
+no conclusion held. So that all the hope which king Richard had, was by
+paiment of his ransome to redéeme his libertie, and then to shift with
+things as he might. [Sidenote: 1194.] And so finallie when the monie was
+once readie, or rather a sufficient portion thereof, the same was
+conueied ouer into Germanie, and paiment made to the emperour of the
+more part of the kings ransome, and sufficient pledges left with him for
+the rest, as the archbishop of Rouen, the bishop of Bath [Baldwin Wac]
+and other which were of late come out of England to see and salute the
+king.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ King Richard released out of captiuitie.]
+Herevpon king Richard, after he had beene prisoner one yeare, six
+weekes, and thrée daies, was set at libertie on Candlemasse day (as most
+writers agrée) and then with long and hastie iournies, not kéeping the
+high waies, he hasted foorth towards England. It is reported that if he
+had lingred by the way, he had béene eftsoones apprehended. For the
+emperour being incensed against him by ambassadors that came from the
+French king, immediatlie after he was set forward, began to repent
+himselfe in that he had suffered him so soon to depart from him, and
+herevpon sent men after him with all speed to bring him backe if they
+could by any meanes ouertake him, meaning as then to haue kept him in
+perpetuall prison.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ The offers of the French K. and erle John to haue
+the K. of England kept still in prison.] Some write that those
+ambassadours sent from the French king, with other from earle John, came
+to the emperor before king Richard was deliuered, offering in the French
+kings name fiftie thousand marks of siluer, and in the name of earle
+John thirtie thousand, vpon condition that K. Richard might remaine
+still in captiuitie vntill the feast of S. Michaell next insuing; or
+else if it might so please him, he should receiue a thousand pounds of
+siluer for euerie moneth, whilest king Richard should be deteined in his
+prison, or otherwise fiftie thousand marks of siluer more than the first
+offer, at one entire paiment, if he would deliuer him into their hands,
+or at the leastwise to kéepe him prisoner by the terme of one whole
+yeare.
+
+The emperour hearing of such large offers, and yet hoping for more,
+contrarie to his promise and letters patents therefore granted, proroged
+the day in which king Richard should haue béene set at libertie, till
+Candlemasse after, at which daie he was brought from Haguenaw vnto
+Spiers, where the emperour had called a councell to intreat further of
+the matter touching his redemption. Here the emperour shewed the letters
+which he had receiued from the French king and earle John vnto king
+Richard, who vpon sight and perusing of the same, was maruellouslie
+amazed, and began to despaire of all speedie deliuerance.
+
+Indéed the emperour sought delaies vpon a couetous desire of the monie
+offered by the French king and earle John, [Sidenote: The princes that
+had vndertaken for the emperor to performe the couenants.] but yet such
+princes and great lords as had vndertaken for the emperour, that the
+couenants and articles on his part agréed vpon in the accord passed
+betwixt him and king Richard, should be in ech behalfe performed [that
+is to saie, the archbishops of Ments, Cullen, and Saltzburge, the
+bishops of Wormes, Spiers, and Liege, the dukes of Suaben, Austrich, &
+Louain, the Palsgraue of the Rhine, and others] came to the emperour,
+and reproouing him for his couetous mind, in that he deferred the
+restoring of king Richard to his libertie, contrarie to the composition,
+did so much preuaile, that the emperour receiuing pledges for the
+paiment of the monie yet behind (as before ye haue heard) released king
+Richard out of captiuitie on the second or (as Roger Houeden saith) the
+fourth day of Februarie, being a dismall day and an infortunate (as they
+note them in kalendars.) [Sidenote: Robert de Nouant.] And where the
+king would haue left Robert de Nouant the bishop of Couentries brother
+for a pledge amongst the other, he refused to be one of the number,
+alledging that he was seruant to earle John. King Richard greeuouslie
+offended herewith, commanded that he should be apprehended, and
+committed to prison, & so he was. This Robert was one of those that came
+with the letters from the French king and earle John to the emperour,
+about the staieng of king Richards deliuerance.
+
+Furthermore, king Richard the same day in which he was restored to
+libertie, summoned by his letters Hugh Nouant bishop of Couentrie, to
+appeare in his court, to answer such things as were to be obiected
+against him, both before spirituall iudges in that he was a bishop, and
+also before temporall in that he had holden and exercised a temporall
+office. On the verie same day also the emperour and the princes of the
+empire, sent letters vnder their hands and seales to the French king,
+and to John erle of Mortaigne, commanding them immediatlie vpon sight of
+the same letters, to restore vnto king Richard all those castels,
+cities, townes, lands, and other things, which they had taken from him
+during the time of his remaining in captiuitie, and if they refused thus
+to doo, then they gaue them to vnderstand by the same letters, that they
+would aid king Richard to recouer that by force, which had beene
+wrongfullie taken from him.
+
+Moreouer king Richard gaue and by his deed confirmed vnto sundrie
+princes of the empire for their homage and fealtie, [Sidenote: Yéerelie
+pensions giuen by the king to certeine princes of the empire.] certeine
+yearelie pensions, as to the archbishop of Ments and Cullen, to the
+bishop of Liege, to the dukes of Austrich and Louaine, to the marquesse
+of Mountferrat, [Sidenote: Memburge.] to the duke of Meglenburge, to the
+duke of Suaben the emperors brother, to the earle of Bins, to the earle
+of Holland, and to the sonne of the earle of Henault, of all the which,
+and other mo, he receiued homage, or rather had their promise by oth to
+aid him against the French king, which French king, now that he sawe no
+hope nor likelihood remaining to bring the emperour to the bent of his
+bowe for the deteining of K. Richard still in captiuitie, raised a power
+foorthwith, [Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._ The French king inuadeth
+Normandie.] & entring into Normandie (the truce notwithstanding) tooke
+the towne of Eureux, with diuerse other fortresses thereabouts, and
+after he had doone mischéefe inough, as it were wearied with[10] euill
+dooing, he granted eftsoones to stand to the truce, and so returned
+home.
+
+Finallie after king Richard had dispatched his businesse with the
+emperour, and the princes of Almaigne, he set forward on his iournie
+towards England, and hauing the emperours passeport, came to Cullen,
+where he was ioifullie receiued of the archbishop, the which archbishop
+attended on him till he came to Antwerpe, where king Richard tooke the
+water in a gallie that belonged to Alane de Trenchmere, but in the night
+he went into a ship of Rie, being a verie faire vessell, and so laie
+aboord in hir all the night, [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] and in the
+morning returned to the gallie, and so sailed about the coast, till he
+came to the hauen of Swin in Flanders, and there staieng fiue daies, on
+the six day he set foorth againe, [Sidenote: He landed the 20. of March
+being sundaie as _R. Houeden_[11] and _Rafe de Diceto_ write.] and at
+length in good safetie landed at Sandwich the twelfe daie of March, and
+the morrow after came to Canturburie where he was receiued with
+procession, as Ger. Dor. saith. From thence he went to Rochester, and on
+the Wednesday being the sixteenth of March, he came vnto London, where
+he was receiued with great ioy and gladnesse of the people, giuing
+heartie thanks to almightie GOD for his safe returne and deliuerance.
+
+¶ It is recorded by writers, that when such lords of Almaine as came
+ouer with him, saw the great riches which the Londoners shewed in that
+triumphant receiuing of their souereigne lord and king, they maruelled
+greatlie thereat, insomuch that one of them said vnto him; "Surelie oh
+king, your people are wise and subtile, which do nothing doubt to shew
+the beautifull shine of their riches now that they haue receiued you
+home, whereas before they seemed to bewaile their need and pouertie,
+whilest you remained in captiuitie. For verelie if the emperour had
+vnderstood that the riches of the realme had bin such, neither would he
+haue beene persuaded that England could haue béene made bare of wealth,
+neither yet should you so lightlie haue escaped his hands without the
+paiment of a more huge and intollerable ransome."
+
+The same yeare that king Richard was taken (as before is mentioned) by
+the duke of Austrich, one night in the moneth of Januarie about the
+first watch of the same night, the northwest side of the element
+appeared of such a ruddie colour as though it had burned, without any
+clouds or other darknesse to couer it, so that the stars shined through
+that rednesse, and might be verie well discerned. Diuerse bright strakes
+appeared to flash vpwards now and then, diuiding the rednesse, thorough
+the which the stars séemed to be of a bright sanguine colour. In
+Februarie next insuing, one night after midnight the like woonder was
+séene, and shortlie after newes came that the king was taken in
+Almaigne.
+
+On the second daie of Nouember also a little before the breake of the
+daie, the like thing appeared againe with lesse feare and woonder to the
+people (than before) being now better accustomed to the like sight
+againe. And now the same daie and selfe houre that the king arriued at
+Sandwich, being the second houre of that daie, whilest the sunne shone
+verie bright and cleare, there appeared a most brightsome and
+vnaccustomed clearnesse, not farre distant from the sunne, as it were to
+the length and breadth of a mans personage, hauing a red shining
+brightnesse withall, like to the rainbow, which strange sight when manie
+beheld, there were that prognosticated the king alreadie to be arriued.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ Diuerse sieges held at one time.] In this meane
+while the bishop of Durham with a great armie besieged the castell of
+Tickhill; and earle Dauid brother to the king of Scots, with Ranulfe
+earle of Chester, and earle Ferrers, besieged the castell of Notingham,
+whilest at the same present the archbishop of Canturburie with a great
+power besieged Marleburgh castell, the which within a few daies was
+rendred into his hands, the liues and lims of them within saued. Also
+the castell of Lancaster was deliuered to him, the which the same
+archbishops brother had in kéeping vnder earle John, [Sidenote: S.
+Michaels mount.] and likewise the abbeie of S. Michaels mount in
+Cornwall, the which abbeie Henrie de la Pomerey chasing out the moonks,
+had fortified against the king, and hearing newes of the kings returne
+home, died (as it was thought) for méere gréefe and feare. These three
+places were surrendered to the archbishop before the kings returne, but
+Tickhill & Notingham held out.
+
+King Richard being returned into England, and vnderstanding both how the
+French king made warre against him in Normandie, and that the state of
+England was not a little disquieted, by the practise of his brother
+earle John and his complices, speciallie by reason that diuerse castels
+were defended by such as he had placed in them, he thought good with all
+speed to cut off such occasions as might bréed a[12] further mischéefe.
+[Sidenote: The king goeth to Notingham and winneth the castel. _Rog.
+Houed._] Wherevpon he first went to Notingham, and within thrée daies
+after his comming thither (which was on the daie of the Annunciation of
+our ladie) he constreined them that kept the castell there in his
+brothers name, to yeeld themselues simplie vnto his mercie, after they
+had abidden diuerse assaults, by the which euen the first daie the vtter
+gates were burnt, and certeine defenses destroied, which they had made
+before the same.
+
+The cheefe of them that were within this castell to defend it were
+these, William de Vendeuall conestable there, Roger de Mountbegun, Rafe
+Murdach, Philip de Worceter and Ranulfe de Worceter, brethren. The morow
+after the surrender was made, the king went to Clipstone, [Sidenote: The
+forest of Shirewood.] and rode into the forrest of Shirewood, where he
+had neuer béene before, the view whereof pleased him greatlie. The
+castell of Tickhill was likewise at the same time yéelded vnto the
+bishop of Durham, who receiued it to the kings vse, and them that kept
+it as prisoners, without anie composition, but standing simplie to the
+K. mercie. For although those that had these castels in keeping, were
+sufficientlie prouided of all necessarie things for defense, yet the
+sudden comming of the king (whom they thought verelie would neuer haue
+returned) put them in such feare, that they wist not what to make of the
+matter, and so (as men amazed) they yéelded without anie further
+exception. [Sidenote: The castel of Tickhill yéelded. _Rog. Houed._] The
+bishop of Durham bringing those prisoners with him which had yéelded vp
+this castell of Tickhill, came to the king the 27 daie of March, the
+verie daie before that Notingham castell was giuen ouer.
+
+[Sidenote: Strife betwixt y^e archbishops for carieng of their crosses.]
+Moreouer, this is to be remembred, that during the siege of Notingham,
+contention arose betwixt the two archbishops of Canturburie and Yorke,
+about the carriage of their crosses. For Hubert archbishop of
+Canturburie comming thither, had his crosse borne before him; the
+archbishop of Yorke (hauing no crosse there at all) was verie sore
+offended, that anie other should go with crosse borne before him in his
+diocesse, and therfore complained hereof to the king. But the
+archbishop of Canturburie mainteined that he had not doone anie thing
+but that which was lawfull for him to doo, and therevpon made his
+appeale to Rome, that the pope might haue the hearing and iudging of
+that controuersie betwixt them.
+
+In the meane time, after the king had got the castells of Notingham and
+Tickhill into his hands (as ye haue heard) he called a parlement at
+Notingham, where the quéene mother sat on the right hand of him, and the
+archbishops of Canturburie & Yorke on the left, with other bishops,
+earles and barons according to their places. [Sidenote: Officers
+discharged.] On the first daie of their session was Gerard de Camuille
+discharged of the office which he had borne of shiriffe of Lincolne, and
+dispossessed both of the castell & countie. And so likewise was Hugh
+Bardolfe of the castell and countie of Yorke, and of the castell of
+Scarbourgh, and of the custodie and kéeping of the countrie of
+Westmerland, the which offices being now in the kings hands, [Sidenote:
+Lieutenantships set on sale.] he set them on sale to him that would giue
+most. Hereof it came to passe, that where the lord chancellour offered
+to giue fiftéene hundred markes before hand, for the counties of Yorke,
+Lincolne and Northampton, and an hundred markes of increase of rent for
+euerie of the same counties, [Sidenote: The archbishop of Yorks offer.]
+Geffrey archbishop of Yorke offered to the king thrée thousand markes
+aforehand, onelie for the countie of Yorke, and an hundred markes
+yearelie of increase, and so had the same committed to his regiment.
+
+[Sidenote: The bishop of Chester.] Moreouer in this parlement, the king
+demanded iudgement against his brother John, and Hugh Nouant the bishop
+of Couentrie and Chester, for such traitorous and most disloiall
+attempts as they had made against him and his countries, and iudgement
+was giuen that both the said earle and bishop should haue summons giuen
+them peremptorilie to appeare, and if within fortie daies after, they
+came not to answer such plaints as might be laid against them, then
+should earle John forfeit all that he had within the realme, and the
+bishop should stand to the iudgement of the bishops, in that he was a
+bishop, and to the temporall lords in that he had béene the kings
+shiriffe.
+
+[Sidenote: A subsidie.] In this parlement also, in the kalends of
+Aprill, the king procured a subsidie to be granted to him, to wit, two
+shillings of euerie plough land through England, which maner of subsidie
+by an old name is called Teemen toll, or Theyme toll. He also commanded
+that euerie man should make for him the third part of knights seruice,
+accordinglie as euerie fée might beare, to furnish him foorth into
+Normandie. He demanded of the moonks Cisteaux, all their wooles for the
+same yeare. But bicause that seemed an ouer greeuous burthen vnto them,
+they fined with him, as after shall appeare. The fourth day of this
+parlement, by the kings permission manie greeuous complaints were
+exhibited against the archbishop of Yorke, [Sidenote: The archbishop of
+Yorke accused.] for extortion and other vniust vexations, which he had
+practised: but he passed so little thereof, that he made no answer vnto
+their billes.
+
+[Sidenote: Gerard de Camuille charged with felonie and treason.]
+Moreouer through the procurement of the lord chancellour, Gerard de
+Camuille was arreigned for receiuing théeues, and robbers, which had
+robbed certeine merchants of their goods, that were going to the faire
+of Stamfort; also they appealed him of treason for refusing to stand to
+his triall by order of the kings lawes at commandement of the kings
+iustices, bearing himselfe to be earle Johns man, and aiding the same
+earle against the king. But all these accusations he flatlie denied, and
+so his aduersaries put in pledges to follow their suit, and he put in
+the like to defend himselfe by one of his fréeholders.
+
+[Sidenote: The king of Scots commeth to sée the king of England.] The
+same daie king Richard receiued the king of Scots at Clipstone, comming
+now to visit him, and to reioise with him for his safe returne home
+after so long a iournie, and so manie passed perils. After they had
+spent the time a certeine space in ioy and mirth, the fourth of Aprill
+at their being togither at Malton, the king of Scots required of king
+Richard to haue restored to him the counties of Northumberland,
+Cumberland and Westmerland, with the countie of Lancaster also, the
+which in right of his predecessors belonged to him (as he alledged.)
+
+[Sidenote: A parlement.] King Richard assembling a parlement of the
+Nobles of his realme at Northampton, about sixtéene daies after that the
+Scotish king had made this request, gaue him answer that by no means he
+might as then satisfie his petition: for if he should so doo, his
+aduersaries in France would report that he did it for feare, and not for
+any loue or hartie fréendship. [Sidenote: A grant made to the king of
+Scots what allowance he should haue when he came to England.] But yet
+king Richard in the presence of his mother quéene Elianor, and the lords
+spirituall and temporall of his realme togither at that present
+assembled, granted and by his déed confirmed vnto the said king of
+Scots, and to his heires for euer, that whensoeuer he or any of them
+should come by summons of the king of England vnto his court, the bishop
+of Durham, and the shiriffe of Northumberland should receiue him at the
+water of Twéed, and safe conduct him vnto the water of These, and there
+should the archbishop of Yorke, and the shiriffe of Yorke be readie to
+receiue him of them, and from thence giue their attendance vpon him vnto
+the borders of the next shire.
+
+It was also granted to the said king, that he should be attended from
+shire to shire by prelats and shiriffes, till he came to the kings
+court, also from the time that the king of Scotland should enter this
+realme of England, he should haue dailie out of the kings pursse for his
+liuerie an hundred shillings, and after he came to the court, he should
+haue an allowance dailie for his liuerie, so long as he there remained,
+thirtie shillings and twelue manchet wastels, twelue manchet simnels,
+foure gallons of the best wine, and eight gallons of houshold wine, two
+pound of pepper, foure pound of cumin, two stone of wax, or else foure
+links, and fortie great and long colpons of such candels as are serued
+before the king, and foure and twentie colpons of other candels that
+serue for the houshold. And when he should returne into his countrie
+againe, then should he be conueied with the bishops and shiriffes from
+countie to countie, till he come to the water of Twéed, hauing an
+hundred shillings a day of liuerie, &c: as is before appointed. The
+charter of this grant was deliuered vnto William king of Scots in the
+towne of Northampton, in Easter wéeke, by the hands of William bishop of
+Elie lord chancellour, in the yeare of our lord 1194, and in the fift
+yeare of king Richard his reigne.
+
+[Sidenote: A councell holden at Winchester.] After this, on the fiftéenth
+day of Aprill, king Richard hauing the said king of Scots in his
+companie came to Winchester, where he called a councell, and there in
+open assemblie he highlie commended all those of the Nobilitie, that in
+his absence had shewed themselues faithfull, and resisted his brother,
+and such other his complices, which had as disloiall persons rebelled
+against him. Here he also proclaimed his said brother, and all those
+that tooke his part, traitours to the crowne, and tooke order for the
+punishment of them, that (being of their faction) could by any means be
+apprehended.
+
+Furthermore, to put awaie as it were the reproofe of his captiuitie and
+imprisonment (by the reuiuing of his noblenesse, which he had in high
+estimation.
+    ---- pretio nam dignior omni est
+    Nobilitas, hæc non emitur nec venditur auro)
+[Sidenote: The king crowned anew.] he caused himselfe to be eftsoones
+crowned by the archbishop Hubert, on the 18 of Aprill, at Winchester,
+and so shewed himselfe as a new crowned king (in hope of good successe
+and better lucke to follow) in the presence of the said king of Scots,
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ The king of Scots beareth one of the swords
+before the king of England.] who bare one of the thrée swords before
+him, going in the middle betwixt two earles, that is to saie, Hamelin
+earle of Warren going on his right hand, and Ranulfe earle of Chester on
+his left. The canapie vnder the which he went was borne vp also by foure
+earles, Norffolke, Lislewight, Salisburie, and Ferrers. The bishop of
+Elie lord chancellour went on the right hand of the king, and the bishop
+of London on the left. [Sidenote: The citizens of London.] At dinner
+also the citizens of London serued him in the butterie by reason of two
+hundred marks which they had giuen the king that they might so doo,
+notwithstanding the claime and challenge made by the citizens of
+Winchester, the which serued him in the kitchin.
+
+The archbishop of Yorke was commanded that he should not be present at
+the coronation, least some tumult might arise about the hauing of his
+crosse borne afore him, to the displeasure of the archbishop of
+Canturburie, who stood in it, that no prelat within his prouince ought
+to haue any crosse borne before him, himselfe excepted.
+
+[Sidenote: A parlement called.] After this, he called a parlement, by
+vertue whereof he reuoked backe and resumed into his hands all patents,
+annuities, fées, and other grants (before his voiage into the holie
+land) by him made, or otherwise granted or alienated. And bicause it
+shuld not seeme that he vsed a méere violent extortion herein, he
+treated with euerie one of them in most courteous wise, bearing them in
+hand, that he knew well they ment not to let foorth their monie to him
+vpon vsurie, but would be contented with such reasonable gaine and
+profit, as had béene raised to their vse in time of his absence of those
+things which they held of him by assignation in way of lone, so that now
+the same might be restored to him againe, sith he ment not to sell them,
+but to let them foorth as it were to farme for the time, as all men
+might well vnderstand, considering that he could not mainteine the port
+of a king without receipt of those profits which he had so let foorth.
+With these gentle words therefore mixed with some dreadfull allegations,
+he brought them all into such perplexitie, [Sidenote: The bold courage
+of the bishop of Lincolne.] that not one of them durst withstand his
+request, nor alledge that he had wrong doone to him, except Hugh the
+bishop of Lincolne, who sticked not to saie, that the king in this
+demand did them and the rest open iniurie. [Sidenote: The bishop of
+Durham lost his earledome.] The bishop of Durham lost his earledome, and
+was constreined to content himselfe with his old bishoprike, and to
+leaue the dignitie of an earle, or at the leastwise the possessions
+which he had bought of the king before his setting forward into the
+holie land.
+
+Thus the king recouered those things for the which he had receiued great
+summes of monie, without making any recompense, where the most part of
+the occupiers had not receiued scarselie a third part of the principall
+which they had laid foorth. For no sufficiencie of grant, patent, or
+other writing to any of them before made, did any thing auaile them.
+[Sidenote: K. Richards practises. The moonks Cisteaux.] Moreouer, where
+he had borrowed a great summe of monie of the merchants of the staple,
+he wrought a feat with the moonks of the Cisteaux order to discharge
+that debt. He told these moonks that being constreined with vrgent
+necessitie, he had borowed that monie of the merchants beyond the sea,
+vpon confidence of their good beneuolence, and therefore he required
+them to extend their liberallitie so farre toward him, as to deliuer so
+much wooll in value, as should discharge that debt. To be short, the
+moonks being ouercome with the kings words, threatning kindnesse vpon
+them, fulfilled his request. Moreouer not satisfied herewith, he leuied
+a taske throughout the realme, exacting of euerie hide of land two
+shillings, according to the grant made to him at Notingham: and the same
+was generallie gathered, as well of the spirituall mens lands as of the
+temporall.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ The king of Scots maketh suit for
+Northumberland.] The king of Scots vnderstanding that the bishop of
+Durham had giuen ouer and resigned the earledome of Northumberland into
+the kings hands, thought good once againe to assaie if he might compasse
+his desire, and herewith he began his former suit afresh, offering to
+king Richard fiftéene thousand markes of siluer for the whole earledome
+of Northumberland with the appurtenances, as his father earle Henrie did
+hold the same before. The king taking counsell in the matter, agreed
+that he should haue it for that monie, excepting the castels: but the
+king of Scots would haue castels and all, or else he would not bargaine.
+
+Finallie, after he had sundrie times mooued this suit for the hauing of
+the lands vnto which he pretended a title, and could get nothing of king
+Richard but faire words, putting him as it were in hope to obteine that
+he required at his next returne out of France, vpon the 22 daie of
+Aprill being fridaie, he tooke leaue of the king, and returned towards
+his countrie, not verie ioifull, in that he could not obteine his suit.
+King Richard in this meane while caused all those prisoners that were
+taken in the castels of Notingham, Tickhill, Marleburgh, Lancaster[13],
+and S. Michaels mount, which were of any wealth to be put in prison,
+[Sidenote: Mainprise.] that they might fine for their ransoms. The
+residue he suffered to depart vpon suerties, that were bound for them
+in an hundredth marks a peece, to be forth comming when they should be
+called.
+
+Now the king (after he had gathered a great portion of monie, and
+ordeined diuerse things for the behoofe of the common-wealth, thereby to
+satisfie the harts of the people) prepared himselfe to saile into
+Normandie. [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] But first he reconciled the
+archbishop of Yorke, and the bishop of Elie lord chancellour, aswell for
+the apprehension & imprisoning of the archbishop at Douer, as for the
+dishonourable expulsion of the chancellour out of England, in such wise
+that the chancellour should vpon reasonable summons giuen to him by the
+archbishop, sware with the hands of an hundred préests with him, that he
+neither commanded nor willed that the archbishop should be apprehended.
+The controuersie betwixt the two archbishops about the bearing of their
+crosses, the king would not meddle withall, for (as he said) that
+perteined to the pope. Yet the archbishop of Canturburie complained to
+king Richard of the iniurie doone to him at that present by the
+archbishop of Yorke, presuming within his prouince to haue his crosse
+borne before him. At length when the kings prouision was once readie for
+his voiage into Normandie, he came to Douer, and hearing that the French
+king had besieged the towne of Vernueil, and that the same was in danger
+to be taken, he tooke the sea togither with his mother quéene Elianor on
+the ninth daie of Maie, [Sidenote: The king transporteth ouer into
+France.] and transporting ouer into Normandie, arriued at Harfléet with
+an hundred great ships fraught with men, horsses and armour.
+
+The French king hearing of king Richards arriuall, and that he was
+comming with a great power to the succour of them within Vernueil, and
+was alreadie incamped néere to the towne of the Eagle, [Sidenote: The
+French king raiseth his siege from Vernueil.] he plucked vp his tents in
+the night before Witsundaie, and leauing the siege, departed from
+thence, and tooke a certeine small fortresse by the waie as he marched,
+wherein he left a few souldiers to keepe it to his vse. King Richard
+herewith entring into the French dominions, sent three bands of
+souldiers towards Vale de Ruell, and went himselfe vnto Loches, and
+besieging that castell wan it within a short time. [Sidenote: _N.
+Triuet._] The Normans also recouered the citie of Eureux out of the
+French mens hands, but those that were sent vnto Ruell, and had besieged
+the castell there an eight daies without any gaine, hearing that the
+French king was comming towards them, departed thence, & came backe to
+the kings campe, wherevpon the French king comming to Ruell raced it to
+the ground, bicause his enimie should not at anie time in winning it
+nestle there to the further damage of the countrie.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] About the same time, Robert earle of Leicester
+issuing foorth of Rouen in hope to worke some feat to the damage of the
+Frenchmen, as he rode somewhat vnaduisedlie in the lands of Hugh
+Gourney, [Sidenote: The earle of Leicester taken prisoner.] fell within
+danger of his enimies, who tooke him prisoner, and a few other that were
+in his companie. The French king after this came with his armie into the
+coasts of Touraine; and marched neere Vandosme, and there incamped,
+whereof king Richard being aduertised, drew néere to Vandosme, meaning
+to assaile the French king in his campe, who hauing knowledge thereof
+dislodged with his armie earlie in the morning, and fled awaie (to his
+great dishonour) in all hast possible. The king of England with his
+people following in chase of the Frenchmen slue manie, and tooke a great
+number of prisoners, amongst whome was the French kings chéefe
+treasurer. Also the Englishmen tooke manie wagons and sumpters laden
+with crossebowes, armour, plate, apparell, and the furniture of the
+French kings chapell. This chanced about 37 daies after his fléeing in
+the night from Vernueil, of which two flights of the French king (in
+manner as ye haue heard) we find these verses written:
+
+    Gallia fugisti bis, & hoc sub rege Philippo,
+      Nec sunt sub modio facta pudenda tuo.
+    Vernolium sumit testem fuga prima, secunda
+      Vindocinum, noctem prima, secunda diem.
+    Nocte fugam primam rapuisti, manè secundam,
+      Prima nictus vitio, víq; secunda fuit.
+
+    France, twice thou fledst, while Philip reign'd,
+      the world dooth know thy shame,
+    For Vernueil witnesse beares of th' one,
+      next Vandosme knowes the same.
+    The first by night, the next by day,
+      thy heart and force doo showe,
+    That first through feare, and next by force,
+      was wrought thine ouerthrowe.
+
+[Sidenote: Geffrey de Rancon. The earle of Engolesme. The king of Nauars
+brother.] In this meane while certeine rebels in Guien, as the lord
+Geffrey de Rancin[14] or Rancon, and the earle of Engolesme with their
+complices, vpon confidence of the French kings assistance, sore
+disquieted the countrie. Howbeit, the sonne of the king of Nauarre, and
+brother to Berengaria the quéene of England, entring into Guien with an
+armie, wasted the lands of both those rebels, till he was called home by
+reason of his fathers death which chanced about the same time.
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 6.] Shortlie after Geffrey Rancin died, and king
+Richard comming into his countrie, wan the strong castell of Tailleburge
+by surrender, which apperteined to the same Geffrey with others, and
+then going against the other rebels, [Sidenote: Engolesme woone.] he wan
+the citie of Engolesme from him by force of assault. All which time the
+French king stirred not, by reason that there was some communication in
+hand for a truce to be taken betwixt him and king Richard, which by
+mediation of certeine bishops was shortlie after concluded, to endure
+for twelue moneths. [Sidenote: _Polydor._ _Wil. Paruus._] The bishop of
+Elie was chéefe commissioner for the king of England, and this truce was
+accorded about Lammas, and serued to little purpose, except to giue
+libertie to either prince to breath a little, [Sidenote: _Polydor._] and
+in the meane time to prouide themselues of men, munition, ships & monie,
+that immediatlie after the terme was expired, they might with greater
+force returne to the field againe, for they had not onelie a like desire
+to follow the warres, but also vsed a like meane and practise to leuie
+monie.
+
+[Sidenote: Great exactions.] For whereas they had alreadie made the
+temporaltie bare with often paiments, and calling them foorth to serue
+personallie in the warres, they thought best now to fetch a fleece from
+the spiritualtie and churchmen, considering also that they had béene by
+reason of their immunitie more gentlie dealt with, and not appointed to
+serue themselues in anie maner of wise. [Sidenote: The colour pretended
+in leuieng of monie.] To colour this exaction which they knew would be
+euill taken of manie, they bruted abroad, that they leuied this monie
+vpon purpose, to send it into the holie land, towards the paiment of the
+christian souldiers, which remained there vpon defense of those townes,
+which yet the Saracens had not conquered. King Richard therfore comming
+to Towrs in Touraine, required a great summe of monie of the cleargie in
+those parts, and the like request he made throughout all those his
+dominions, on that further side of the sea. King Philip for his part
+demanded likewise intollerable tithes and duties of all the churchmen in
+his territories, and those that had the gathering of that monie serued
+their owne turne, in dealing most streightlie with sillie préests,
+making them to paie what they thought good, though sometime beyond the
+bounds of equitie and reason.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ Inquisitions taken by a iurie of sundrie
+matters.] In September, the iustices itinerants made their circuits
+thorough euerie shire and countie of this realme, causing inquisitions
+to be taken by substantiall iuries of plées of the crowne both old and
+new, of recognisances, of escheats, of wards, of mariages, of all maner
+of offendors against the lawes and ordinances of the relme, and of all
+other transgressors, falsifiers, and murtherers of Jewes; of the
+pledges, goods, lands, debts, and writings of Jewes that were slaine,
+and of other circumstances touching that matter. Likewise of the
+accompts of shiriffes, as to vnderstand what had béene giuen towards the
+kings ransome, how much had béene receiued, and what remained behind to
+receiue. Also of the lands that belonged to erle John, and what goods he
+had, and what he held in demaine, in wards, escheats, and in gifts, and
+for what cause they were giuen. Furthermore, of his fautors and
+partakers, which had made fines with the king, and which not, with manie
+other articles touching the same earle. [Sidenote: Vsurers.] Also of
+vsurers, and of their goods being seized, of wines sold contrarie to the
+assise, of false measures, and of such as hauing receiued the crosse to
+go into the holie land, died before they set forward. Also of grand
+assises that were of an hundred shillings land or vnder, and of
+defaults, and of diuerse other things, the iurats were charged to
+inquire, and present the same.
+
+The iustices also were appointed to cause the manours, farmes and lands
+which the king held in demaine, or by wards and escheats, to be surueied
+by a substantiall iurie, and to take order for the conuerting of them to
+such vse, as the king might be answered of the gaines rising by the same
+at the farmers hands. [Sidenote: Iewes.] Also, the Iewes were appointed
+to inroll all their debts, pledges, lands, houses, rents and
+possessions. [Sidenote: Iustices, shiriffes and other officers.]
+Moreouer, inquisition was taken of iustices, shiriffes, bailiffes,
+conestables, foresters and other officers belonging to the king, to
+vnderstand in what maner they had behaued themselues in taking and
+seizing of things into their hands, and of all such goods, gifts and
+promises had and receiued by occasion of leasure made of the lands of
+earle John and his fautors, and who receiued the same, [Sidenote: Hubert
+archbishop of Canturburie lord chéefe iustice.] and what delaie was
+granted by commandement of Hubert archbishop of Canturburie, then lord
+chéefe iustice.
+
+In this meane time, whilest these inquisitions were thus taken in
+England, king Richard comming foorth of Poictou into Aniou, [Sidenote:
+Officers driuen to fine for their offices.] caused all the bailiffes and
+officers of that countrie, and also of Maine, to fine with him for their
+offices. [Sidenote: The king offended with the lord chauncellor.] After
+this, when he came downe into Normandie, he séemed in shew to be
+offended with his chancellour the bishop of Elie, about concluding of
+the truce with the French king (where as ye haue heard he was cheefe
+commissioner) misliking greatlie all that was doone therein, and
+therefore he tooke the seale from him, and caused a new seale to be
+made, commanding to be proclaimed thorough all his dominions, that
+whatsoeuer had béene sealed with the old seale, should stand in no
+force, both for that his chancellor had wrought more vndiscreetlie than
+was conuenient; [Sidenote: A new seale.] and againe, bicause the same
+seale was lost, when Roger Malus Catulus his vicechancellour was
+drowned, who perished, among other by shipracke, néere to the Ile of
+Cypres, before the king arriued there, being as then on his iournie into
+the holie land. Therefore all men had commandement to come to this new
+seale, that they might haue their charters and writings confirmed.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ The king returneth into England. He granteth
+the English men licence to tournie.] Furthermore, whilest the truce yet
+lasted, king Richard sailed ouer into England, where he caused turnies
+to be exercised in diuerse places, for the better training vp of
+souldiers in feats of warre, that they might growe more skilfull and
+perfect in the same, when they should come to the triall of their
+forces, whereby he raised no small summes of monie for granting license
+to his subiects so to tournie. [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ Fines paid for
+licence to exercise turnements.] Euerie earle that would tournie, paid
+to him for his licence twentie marks, euerie baron ten marks, and euerie
+knight hauing lands, did giue foure marks, and those that had no lands
+two marks, to the great damnifieng of the people; hauing learned the
+common lesson, and receiued the ordinarie rule followed of all, and
+neglected of none; namelie,
+    [Sidenote: _Mal. Pal. in suo sap._]
+    ---- opus est nummis vel morte relictis,
+    Vel sorte inuentis, vel quauis arte paratis,
+    Quippe inopem mala multa pati contingit vbíq;,
+    Nec sine diuitijs fas cuiquam ducere vitam
+    Fœlicem, &c.
+
+The charter of this grant was deliuered by the king vnto William earle
+of Salisburie, to haue the kéeping thereof: but Hubert Walter the
+archbishop of Canturburie, and lord chéefe iustice, bade his brother
+Theobald Walter collector of the monie, for the scraping and raking
+togither whereof, in huge sums, he put the former shifts of extortion
+and exaction in practise.
+
+     The tenour of the charter concerning the turnements before
+     remembred.
+
+     Richard by the grace of God king of England, duke of Normandie
+     and Aquitaine, and earle of Aniou, to the reuerend father in
+     Christ, Hubert archbishop of Canturburie, and primat of all
+     England, sendeth greeting. Know ye that we haue granted
+     turnaments to be kept in England in fiue steeds, to wit, betwixt
+     Sarisburie and Wilton, betwixt Warwike and Kenelworth, betwixt
+     Stanford and Warmeford, betwixt Brackley and Nixburgh, betwixt
+     Blie & Tickhill, so that the peace of our land be not broken, nor
+     yet our iustices authoritie diminished, nor any damage doone to
+     our forrests. Prouided that what earle soeuer will turney there,
+     shall giue to vs twentie markes, a baron ten marks, a knight
+     that hath lands foure marks and he that hath no lands shall giue
+     two marks.
+
+     Moreouer, no stranger shall be admitted to turney there, wherevpon
+     we command you, that at the daie of the turnieng, ye haue there two
+     clarkes, and two of our knights to receiue the oth of the earles
+     and barons, which shall satisfie vs of the said summes of monie,
+     before the turnieng begin, and that they suffer none to turnie,
+     till (before) they haue made paiment, and haue caused to be entred
+     how much & of whom they haue receiued: and ye shall take ten marks
+     for this charter to our vse, whereof the earle of Salisburie, and
+     the earle of Clare, and the earle of Warren are pledges. [Sidenote:
+     Bishops towne.] Witnesse myselfe, at Ville Leuesche, the two and
+     twentith of August.
+
+Furthermore, ordinances were made and set foorth for the safe keeping of
+the peace, so that such as would turney, neither by the waie in comming
+or going, or whilest the turnieng lasted, should violentlie take any
+thing to serue their necessarie vses, without paieng therefore to the
+owner according to the woorth, nor should doo iniurie to any man in any
+manner of wise. But now to the other dooings of king Richard, [Sidenote:
+I thinke he came not ouer at all into England at this time, but rather
+sent his mind vnto the archbishop.] who made no long abode in England at
+this time, but shortlie returned into Normandie, bicause he heard that
+king Philip had an armie readie leuied. Wherefore meaning to buckle with
+him vpon occasion offered, he made the more hast, and being landed
+there, approched vnto the borders of the French dominions, incamping
+himselfe with his armie in the field, to wait for the time that the
+truce should be expired, least the enimie should in any exploit preuent
+him. In like manner king Philip hauing with him earle John king Richards
+brother, kept his souldiers and men of warre in a readines with him, to
+worke any feat that should be thought expedient assoone as the truce
+should end.
+
+[Sidenote: 1195.] Whilest both these kings were thus bent to powre out
+their malice, and to ease their stomachs with dint of sword, [Sidenote:
+Messengers from the pope.] there came messengers from the pope,
+exhorting him vnto peace and quietnesse, but his exhortation little
+auailed. For they regarding it little or nothing, immediatlie as the
+truce was expired, got them abroad into the field, [Sidenote: Isoldune.]
+& king Richard drew towards Isoldune, a towne situat in the confines of
+Berrie, whither it was reported that the French king meant to come: and
+there staid for him a whole day togither. But the French king hearing
+that king Richard was there to looke for him, thought it best not to
+come there at all. Wherefore king Richard went the next daie vnto a
+castell called Brison, and tooke it vpon his first approch. Then went he
+to a towne called Nouencourt and perceiuing the same to be strong and
+well manned, tooke not in hand to assaile it till the third daie after
+his comming thither, at what time he so inclosed the same round about
+with diligent watch and ward, that a cat could not haue escaped out of
+the place, neither by daie nor night, but that she should haue béene
+espied. [Sidenote: Nouencourt yéeldeth to K. Richard. Albermarle
+besieged. _Matt. West._ _Polydor._] They within being put in feare
+herewith, yeelded vp the towne the daie next following, in which meane
+time the French king besieged Albemarle.
+
+Herevpon king Richard, hauing left a garrison of souldiers in
+Nouencourt, came to raise the enimie from his siege, & setting vpon the
+Frenchmen, there began a sharpe fight: but the Englishmen being wearie
+with trauell of their passed iournie, and hauing rashlie entred into the
+battell, were not able to indure the Frenchmens violence, so that (not
+without great losse) they were constreined to retire with swift flight,
+or (to saie the truth) to run awaie a maine pase. The French king hauing
+thus chased his enimies, returned to assault Albemarle, woone the
+castell by force, and the towne by composition, permitting the garrison
+there to depart with all their armour. This doone, he ruinated the
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ The earle of Leicesters offer for his ransome.]
+castell flat to the ground. Robert earle of Leicester offered to the
+French king a thousand marks sterling for his ransome, and to quite
+claime to him and his heires for euer all the right which he had to the
+castell of Pascie, with the appurtenances, and to get a confirmation
+thereof for him both of the pope, and of the king of England: but for
+that the warre still lasted, the French king tooke a respite in
+answering this offer, neuerthelesse afterwards in the yeare next
+insuing, he tooke it, and so the earle was set at libertie.
+
+Not long after this foresaid repulse, the king of England hauing
+refreshed his souldiers with some rest after their great trauell, went
+to Million, [Sidenote: Million won and rased.] and giuing assault to the
+towne wan it at the first brunt, and made it plaine with the earth.
+[Sidenote: A motion for peace.] Then was a motion made for peace betwixt
+the two kings, being now wearied with long wars: whereof when earle John
+was aduertised, who (as it should séeme by some writers) hauing tarried
+with the French king till this present, began now to doubt least if any
+agréement were made, he might happilie be betraied of the French king by
+couenants that should passe betwixt them: he determined therefore with
+himselfe to commit his whole safetie to his naturall brother, and to no
+man else, perceiuing that the French king made not so great accompt of
+him after the losse of his castels in England, as he had doone before.
+
+Herevpon comming to his brother king Richard, "he besought him to pardon
+his offense, and though he had not dealt brotherlie towards him, yet
+that he would brotherlie forgiue him his rebellious trespasse, adding
+furthermore, that whereas he had not heretofore beene thankefull for his
+manifold benefits which he had receiued at his hands, yet he was now
+most sorie therefore, and was willing to make amends: wherewith he
+acknowledged the safegard of his life to rest in him, for the which he
+was bound to giue him thanks, if he would grant thereto." The king
+mooued with his words, made this answer (as it is said) that he pardoned
+him indéed, but yet wished that he might forget such iniuries as he had
+receiued at his hands, which he doubted least he should not easilie doo.
+[Sidenote: Earle John returneth to the king his brother, and is
+pardoned.] Herewith erle John being yet put in good hope of
+forgiuenesse, sware to be true euer after vnto him, and that he would
+endeuour himselfe to make amends for his misdeeds past, [Sidenote: _Wil.
+Paruus._ _R. Houed._ _Matth. Paris._] and so was shortlie after restored
+vnto his former degree, honour and estimation in all respects.
+
+But by some writers it should appeare, that earle John, immediatlie vpon
+conclusion of the first truce, came from the French king, and submitted
+himselfe to his brother, and by mediation of the quéene their mother was
+pardoned, receiued againe into fauour, and serued euer after against the
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] French king verie dutifullie, séeking by new
+atchiued enterprises brought about (to the contentation of his brother)
+to make a recompense for his former misdemeanor, reputing it meere
+madnesse to make means to further mischeefe; for
+    ---- stultum est hostem iritare potentem,
+    Atq; malum maius tumidis sibi quærere verbis.
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._] But at what time soeuer he returned thus to his
+brother, this yeare (as Roger Houeden saith) he was restored to the
+earledoms of Mortaigne in Normandie, and Glocester in England, with the
+honour of Eie (the castels onelie excepted) and in recompense of the
+residue of the earledoms which he had before inioied, togither with
+certeine other lands, his brother king Richard gaue vnto him a yeerelie
+pension amounting to the summe of eight thousand pound of Aniouin monie.
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ _Wil. Paruus._ _Matth. Paris._ _Polychron._] ¶
+Now here to staie a while at matters chancing here about home, I will
+speake somewhat of the dooings of Leopold duke of Austrich, who as one
+nothing mooued with the pestilence and famine that oppressed his
+countrie in this season, but rather hauing his hart hardened, began to
+threaten the English hostages that they shuld loose their liues, if king
+Richard kept not the couenants which he had vndertaken to performe by a
+day appointed. [Sidenote: Baldwin de Betun.] Wherevpon Baldwin Betun one
+of the hostages was sent by common agréement of the residue vnto king
+Richard, to signifie to him their estate. King Richard willing to
+deliuer them out of further danger, sent with the same Baldwin his
+coosen, the sister of Arthur duke of Britaine, and the daughter of the
+emperour of Cypres, to be conueied vnto the said duke of Austrich, the
+one, namelie the sister of Arthur to be ioined in marriage with the
+dukes sonne, and the other to continue in the dukes hands to bestow at
+his pleasure.
+
+[Sidenote: Duke Leopold catcheth a fall beside his horsse and dieth of
+the hurt.] But in the meane time, on saint Stephans day, duke Leopold
+chanced to haue a fall beside his horsse, and hurt his leg in such wise,
+that all the surgions in the countrie could not helpe him, wherevpon in
+extreame anguish he ended his life. And whereas before his death he
+required to be absolued of the sentence of excommunication pronounced
+against him by the pope (for apprehending of king Richard in his
+returning from his iournie made into the holie land) he was answered by
+the cleargie, that except he would receiue an oth to stand to the
+iudgement of the church for the iniurie doone to king Richard, and that
+vnlesse other of the Nobilitie would receiue the like oth with him if he
+chanced to die (whereby he might not fulfill that which the church
+héerein should decrée) that yet they should see the same performed, he
+might not otherwise be absolued.
+
+Wherefore he tooke the oth, and the Nobles of his countrie with him, and
+therewithall released the English pledges, remitted the monie that yet
+remained behind of his portion aforesaid, and immediatlie therewith
+died. After his deceasse, bicause certeine péeres of the countrie
+withstood the performance of the premisses, his bodie laie eight daies
+longer aboue ground than otherwise it should haue doone, for till such
+time as all the pledges were perfectlie released, it might not be
+buried. Also Baldwin de Betun approching neere to the confines of
+Austrich, when he heard that the duke was dead, returned with the two
+ladies vnto his souereigne lord king Richard. Thus (as ye haue heard)
+for feare of the censures of the church were the pledges restored, and
+the residue of the monie behind released.
+
+¶ All this was both pleasant and profitable for king Richards soules
+helth (as may be thought) bicause he tooke occasion therof to amend his
+owne former life, by considering how much he might be reprehended for
+his sundrie faults committed both against God and man. A maruellous
+matter to heare, how much frō that time forward he reformed his former
+trade of liuing into a better forme & order. [Sidenote: White moonks.]
+Moreouer, the emperour gaue to the Cisteaux moonks 3000 marks of siluer,
+parcell of king Richards ransome, to make siluer censers in euerie
+church throughout where they had any houses: but the abbats of the same
+order refused the gift, being a portion of so wrongfull and vngodlie a
+gaine. At which thing, when it came to the knowledge of K. Richard, he
+greatlie maruelled at the first, but after commended the abbats in their
+dooings, and cheeflie for shewing that they were void of the accustomed
+gréedinesse of hauing, which most men supposed them to be much infected
+withall.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ Hugh Nouāt bishop of Couentrie restored to his
+sée.] King Richard this yeare pardoned Hugh Nouant bishop of Couentrie
+of all his wrath and displeasure conceiued toward him, and restored to
+him his bishoprike for fiue thousand marks of siluer. But Robert Nouant
+the same bishops brother died in the kings prison at Douer. [Sidenote:
+The archbishop of Yorke.] Also whereas the archbishop of Yorke had
+offended king Richard, he pardoned him, and receiued him againe into
+fauour, with the kisse of peace. Wherevpon the archbishop waxed so
+proud, that vsing the king reprochfullie, he lost his archbishoprike,
+the rule of Yorkeshire which he had in gouernment as shiriffe, the
+fauour of his souereigne, and (which was the greatest losse of all) the
+loue of God. For
+    [Sidenote: _M. Pal. in suo sag._]
+    Nemo superbus amat superos, nec amator ab illis,
+    Vult humiles Deus ac mites, habitatq; libenter
+    Mansuetos animos procul ambitione remotos,
+    Inflatos verò ac ventosos deprimit idem,
+    Nec patitur secum puro consistere olympo.
+
+[Sidenote: Pope Celestine. The archbish. of Canturburie is made y^e
+popes legat.] Moreouer, through the kings request, pope Celestine this
+yeare made the archbishop of Canturburie legat of all England by his
+buls directed to him, bearing date at his palace in Rome called Lateran
+the fifteenth kalends of Aprill, in the fourth yeare of his papasie.
+Furthermore, the pope wrote to the English cleargie, giuing them to
+vnderstand that he had created the said archbishop of Canturburie his
+legat, commanding them so to accept him: [Sidenote: A trinitie of
+officers in vnitie of person.] by vertue of which letters, the
+archbishop Hubert being now both archbishop of Canturburie, legat of the
+apostolike sée, and lord chéefe iustice of England, appointed to hold a
+councell at Yorke, and therefore gaue knowledge by the abbat of Binham
+in Northfolke, and one maister Geruise, vnto the canons of Yorke, and to
+the archbishops officials of his purposed intention.
+
+The said canons and officials well considering of the popes letters,
+which were deliuered vnto them by the messengers, signified for answer,
+that they would gladlie receiue him as legat of the apostolike sée, but
+not as archbishop of Canturburie, nor as their primat. Herewith he came
+to Yorke vpon saint Barnabies daie being sundaie, and was receiued with
+procession. On the morrow after, he held a court of plees of the crowne,
+of assises, and such other matters touching the king. On the next day
+being Tuesday, he entred into the monasterie of saint Maries in Yorke,
+and deposed the abbat, bicause of his infirmitie of bodie, at the
+request of the moonks, but the abbat appealed to the popes consistorie.
+[Sidenote: A synod holden at Yorke.] Then he assembled the cleargie in
+the church of Saint Peter in Yorke, and there held a synod for
+reformation of things amisse in the church, and amendment of manners in
+the cleargie, so that diuerse decrées were made, the which for
+bréefenesse we omit to speake of in particular. This yeare also, the
+said archbishop Hubert caused all men throughout the realme of England
+to receiue an oth of obseruing the kings peace, and to sweare that they
+should not be robbers, nor abbettors of robbers, nor in any wise
+consenting vnto them, but should doo what in them might lie to apprehend
+all such offendors, and to discouer them to the kings officers to be
+apprehended, and to pursue them vpon hew and crie to the vttermost of
+their powers, and those that withdrew themselues from such pursuit,
+should be apprehended as partakers with the offendors.
+
+[Sidenote: The emperor sendeth to the king.] About this time the
+emperour sent to king Richard, requiring him in no wise to conclude any
+peace with the French king, but rather to inuade his dominions,
+promising to aid him all that he might. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 7.] But king
+Richard, to vnderstand further of the emperours mind herein, [Sidenote:
+The bishop of Elie is sent to the emperour.] sent ouer his chancellour
+the bishop of Elie vnto him in ambassage. In the meane time the warre
+was still continued betwixt him and the French, by the which they were
+commonlie put to the worse, and king Richard inuading their borders, did
+much hurt in wasting the countries on each side. The French king was at
+one time so narrowlie chased, that as he would haue passed a bridge that
+laie ouer the water of Saine, he was in danger of drowning by the fall
+of the same vnder him, but yet at the length he escaped, and got to the
+further side.
+
+[Sidenote: The 2 kings talke togither.] After this, the two kings came
+to a communication togither, in the which a motion was made, that Lewes
+the French king his sonne and heire should haue the sister of Arthur
+duke of Britaine in marriage, and that king Richard in consideration
+thereof should surrender vnto them and to their heires the townes of
+Gisors, Bademont, with the countrie of Veulquessine or Veuxine le
+Normant, Vernon, Iuerie and Pascie; and further should giue vnto them
+twentie thousand marks of siluer. On the other side it was mooued, that
+the French king should resigne vnto king Richard all that he could
+demand in the countie of Engeulesme, and should restore vnto him the
+counties of Albemarle and Augie, with the castell of Arkes, and all
+other castels which he had taken in Normandie, or in any partie during
+these last warres. But there was a respit taken for the full concluding
+and assuring of these conditions, till the octaues of All saints, that
+king Richard might vnderstand the emperours pleasure, without whose
+consent he might not conclude any thing concerning that matter, bicause
+he had sent such word vnto him by the lord chancellour, who at this time
+was attendant in his court.
+
+In the meane time, the emperour being aduertised of the whole matter,
+and of the articles afore mentioned, gaue knowledge to king Richard by
+the bishop of Elie at his returning backe, that this forme of peace
+nothing liked him, but rather made directlie to his discontentment: the
+which least he might séeme to saie without sufficient ground of reason,
+he alledged, that it should sound to king Richards dishonour, if he
+surrendred and gaue vp anie thing that he had not in possession.
+[Sidenote: The emperor dissuadeth the king from agréeing to the peace.]
+And to encourage him to recouer those things which had beene taken from
+him, the emperour pardoned him of the seauentéene thousand marks of
+siluer, which yet remained behind due to him for the kings ransome.
+Howsoeuer the matter passed, the two kings met not in the octaues of All
+saints, according to the appointment, although they were come, and
+approched verie néere to the place where they should haue communed
+togither: but through the dissimulation of the Frenchmen, they departed,
+without seeing one an other, and immediatlie began the warre as
+fiercelie as at anie time before.
+
+[Sidenote: The warre is begun afresh.] The French king tooke the towne
+of Diep, which king Richard had latelie repared, and burned it, with the
+ships that harbored in the hauen: after this, commming to Isoldun, he
+wan the towne and besieged the castell. [Sidenote: The hast which king
+Richard made.] But king Richard aduertised thereof, came with quicke
+spéed (making of thrée daies iournie but one) and entred into the
+castell of Isoldun to defend the same against his aduersaries: and
+foorthwith there resorted such numbers of men vnto him, when they heard
+how he was besieged, that the French king doubting how to retire from
+thence in safetie, made suit first to haue licence to depart, and after
+when that would not be granted, he required at the leastwise to talke
+with the king of England about some agréement.
+
+[Sidenote: The 2 kings againe talke togither of peace.] Wherevnto king
+Richard condescended, and so comming togither, they concluded vpon a
+truce to indure from that daie, being saturdaie next after the feast of
+saint Nicholas, vnto the feast of saint Hilarie next insuing, and then
+to méet againe néere vnto Louiers with their councels, that they might
+grow by some reasonable way vnto a finall peace and concord. [Sidenote:
+1196.] And according to this article, shortlie after the same feast of
+S. Hilarie, they met at Louiers, where finallie they were accorded to
+conclude a peace on these conditions, [Sidenote: The conditions of peace
+concluded betwixt the two kings. _Matth. Paris._ _Matth. West._] that
+the French king should release to the king of England Isoldun, with the
+countrie about, woon by him sith the beginning of these wars; likewise,
+all the right which he had in Berrie, Auuergine, and Gascoigne, and the
+countie of Albemarle. On the other part, the king of England should
+resigne Gisors, and certeine other places, and namelie Veuxine or
+Veulquesine vnto the king of France.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. West._ _Matth. Paris._] Herevpon were suerties also
+bound for performance, and the forfeiture of fiftéene thousand marks
+assigned to be paid by the partie that first brake the peace. Shortlie
+after, the French king repenting him selfe of the agreement, began to
+make a warre anew, so that king Richard seized into his hands all the
+goods and[15] possessions which belonged to the abbats of the order of
+the great monasterie of Clunie, and of saint Denise & la Charitie, which
+had become suertie for the French king in the summe of 1500 marks
+aforesaid. [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ The earle of Albemarle departed this
+life.] This yeare died William de Forz earle of Albemarle, in whose
+place succéeded Baldwine de Betun by the kings gift, and married the
+countesse of Albermarle.
+
+[Sidenote: Otho sonne to the duke of Saxonie.] There was a motion also
+made for a marriage betwixt the lord Otho, sonne to Henrie duke of
+Saxonie, king Richards nephue by his sister, and the ladie Margaret,
+daughter to the king of Scots, so as they should haue inioied the
+countries of Lothian, Northumberland, and the countie of Caerleill with
+the castels. [Sidenote: Lawnes.] For the conclusion of which marriage,
+the archbishop of Canturburie was sent about Christmas to commune with
+the king of Scots: but bicause the Scotish quéene was then conceiued of
+child, hir husband (in hope that God would send him a sonne) refused to
+stand vnto the aboue mentioned couenants.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._ _Ran. Higd._ The abbat of Caen sent into
+England.] At this time king Richard sent the abbat of Caen (who was also
+the elect of Durham) into England, to take an accompts of those that had
+the receipts of the kings monie: for this abbat had informed the king,
+that his receiuers and officers here in the realme dealt not iustlie in
+making their accompts, [Sidenote: Fraudulent dealing in officers.] but
+both deceiued the king, and oppressed his people, in exacting more than
+was due, and concealing that which they ought to stand accomptable for.
+The king supposing his words to be true, or at least likelie so to be,
+and that in reforming such vntruth in his officers, it should be both
+profitable to him, and well liked of the people, sent this abbat ouer
+with commission, to be as it were his generall auditour.
+
+Howbeit, Hubert archbishop of Canturburie, which was gouernour of the
+realme in causes both temporall and spirituall (by reason he had the
+kings authorise as his vicegerent, & therefore sufficientlie
+countenanced, & also the popes as his legat authorised) did somewhat
+stomach the matter, in that it should be thought he did suffer such
+abuses in the kings officers, and not reforme them. But he held him
+content and said little, sith the abbat shewed him the kings commission
+to doo that which he went about, although he brought it not to passe.
+For whereas he came ouer in lent, and gaue out commandements, that all
+such as had any thing to doo in receipt of the kings monie, should
+appeare before him after Easter, he tarried not to see Easter himselfe,
+but was called into another world by the stroke of death, there to
+render accompts for his owne acts here in this life committed.
+
+[Sidenote: _Fabian._ _Wil. Paruus._ _Matt. Paris._ _Ran. Higd._ William
+Fitz Osbert.] At the same time there was another person in London called
+William with the long beard, (aliàs Fitz Osbert) which had likewise
+informed the king of certeine great oppressions and excessiue outrages
+vsed by rich men against the poore (namelie the worshipfull of the
+citie, the Maior and Aldermen) who in their hoistings, when any tallage
+was to be gathered, burdened the poore further than was thought reason,
+to ease themselues; [Sidenote: The foule disorder in the citizens of
+London.] wherevpon[16] the said William being a seditious person, and of
+a busie nature, ceassed not to make complaints. Now bicause the king
+gaue eare vnto him at the first, he tooke a boldnesse thereof, & drawing
+vnto him great routs of the poorer sort of people, would take vpon him
+to defend the causes of those that found themselues greeued with the
+heauie yoke of richmen and gentlemen. He was somewhat learned, and verie
+eloquent: he had also a verie good wit, but he applied it rather to set
+dissention betwixt the high estates and the low, than to anie other good
+purpose. [Sidenote: The vnnaturall ingratitude of Fitz Osbert.] He
+accused also his owne brother of treason, who in his youth had kept him
+to schoole, & beene verie good and beneficiall brother vnto him, bicause
+now he would not still mainteine him with monie to beare out his
+riottous port. Moreouer, he declared to the king, that by extortion and
+briberie of certeine men of great wealth, he lost manie forfeits and
+escheats.
+
+Manie gentlemen of honour sore hated him for his presumptuous attempts
+to the hindering of their purposes: but he had such comfort of the king,
+that he little passed for their malice, but kept on his intent, till the
+king being aduertised of the assemblies which he made, commanded him to
+ceasse from such dooings, that the people might fall againe to their
+sciences and occupations, which they had for the more part left off, at
+the instigation of this William with the long beard, so named of the
+long heare of his beard, [Sidenote: Why he ware his long berd. _Matth.
+Paris._] which he nourished of purpose to seeme the more graue and
+manlike, and also as it were in despite of them which counterfeited the
+Normans (that were for the most part shauen) and bicause he would
+resemble the ancient vsage of the English nation. [Sidenote: _Fabian._]
+The kings commandement in restraint of the peoples resort vnto him, was
+well kept a while, but it was not long yer they began to follow him
+againe as they had doone before.
+
+Then he tooke vpon him to make vnto them certeine collations or sermons,
+taking for his theme, Haurietis aquas in gaudio de fontibus saluatoris,
+that is to saie: [Sidenote: His oration to the people.] Ye shall draw in
+gladnesse waters out of the founteins of your sauiour. And hereto he
+added, "I am (said he) the sauiour of poore men; ye be the poore, and
+haue assaied the hard hands and heauie burdens of the rich: now draw ye
+therefore the healthfull waters of vnderstanding out of my wels and
+springs, and that with ioy. For the time of your visitation is come: I
+shall part waters from waters, by waters I vnderstand the people, and I
+shall part the people which are good and méeke, from the people that are
+wicked and proud, and I shall disseuer the good and euill, euen as light
+is diuided from darknesse."
+
+[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] By these and such persuasions and means as he
+vsed, he had gotten two and fiftie thousand persons, readie to haue
+taken his part, as appeared after by a roll of their names found in his
+kéeping, besides diuerse instruments of iron to breake vp houses, and
+other things seruing to such like purposes. So that he brought the
+commoners into a great liking of him: but the rich and wealthie citizens
+stood in much feare, so that they kept their houses, in armes, in doubt
+to be robbed and murthred by him in the night season.
+
+The archbishop of Canturburie (vnto whome the rule of the realme
+chéefelie belonged) being aduertised hereof, sent for the greatest
+number of the citizens, and vsing them with gentle words, persuaded them
+to deliuer pledges, the better to assure him, that no such thing should
+chance, which was suspected of manie, though he was loth to conceiue any
+such opinion of them. They being ouercome with his courteous words, gaue
+vnto him pledges.
+
+[Sidenote: He is called before the archbishop of Canturburie lord chéefe
+iustice or president of the realme.] After this, when the foresaid
+William ceased not to make congregations of the people, at length the
+archbishop sent a commandement vnto him, that he should appeare before
+him and other of the councell, at a certeine prefixed daie, to answer to
+such things as might be laid to his charge. To be short, he did so at
+the time appointed, but with such a rout of the common people about him,
+that the archbishop durst not pronounce against him, but licenced him to
+depart for that time, giuing him soft and gentle words. Howbeit,
+certeine persons were then appointed by the said archbishop and other of
+the councell to watch him sometime, when he should haue no great
+companie about him, and then to apprehend him.
+
+Amongst those that were thus commanded to attach him, were two burgesses
+of the citie, who hauing espied a conuenient time for the execution of
+their purpose, set vpon him to haue take him, but he getting an ax,
+defended himselfe manfullie: and in resisting slue one of them,
+[Sidenote: He fléeth into the church of S. Marie Bow.] and after that
+fled into the church of S. Marie Bow, kéeping the same not as a place of
+sanctuarie, but as a fortresse: in somuch that by the help of such as
+resorted vnto him, he defended it against his aduersaries, till with
+fire and smoke they constreined him to come foorth, and all those that
+were there with him: [Sidenote: His concubine.] amongst them also was
+his concubine, who neuer left him for any danger that might betide him.
+
+The people regarding the danger of their pledges, came not out to aid
+him, as it was much doubted they would haue doone. Wherefore being thus
+attached, he was brought foorth, and comming out of the church, the
+sonne of that burgesse whome he had slaine (as you haue heard) strake
+him verie sore into the bellie with a knife, in reuenge of his fathers
+death. After this, he was had to his arraignment before the archbishop,
+sitting within the towre, and being condemned, was from thence drawne
+with horsses to the place of execution called the Elmes, [Sidenote: He
+is executed.] and there hanged on a gibet, with nine of his adherents,
+which had defended the church against the kings power: [Sidenote: _Wil.
+Paruus._ _Matth. Paris._] and yet for all this, the grudge ceassed not,
+but the common people raised a great slander vpon the archbishop,
+[Sidenote: The archbishop of Canturburie is euill spokē of for y^e death
+of William Fitz Osbert.] both for causing him to be taken out of the
+church, where he claimed priuilege of sanctuarie, and also for putting
+him to death, who was innocent (as they alledged) and not giltie of
+those crimes that were laid against him: who sought onelie the defense
+of poore people against extortioners, and such as were wrong dooers.
+
+This rumor rose so fast, that at length (by bruting abroad, that
+certeine miracles should be wrought by a chaine, [Sidenote: An old
+whormonger, and a new saint.] wherein he was bound in time of his
+imprisonment) he was taken for a saint. The place also where he
+suffered, was visited by women, and other superstitious folks, as a plot
+of great holinesse, till at length the archbishop caused it to be
+watched, to the end that no such foolishnesse should be vsed there. In
+fine, the opinion which the people had thus fondlie conceiued of his
+vertue and innocencie, was by little and little remooued out of their
+heads, when his acts were more certeinelie published: as the sleaing of
+a man with his owne hands, and the vsing of his concubine within Bowe
+church, during the time of his being there. Also the archbishop accursed
+a préest, which had first brought vp the false report and fained fable
+of the miracle wrought by the chaine, whereby the occasion of idolatrie
+was first giuen, and might easilie haue béene continued, if the
+archbishop had not béene the wiser man, and by such means repressed the
+rumour. ¶ So that we are to note by this example the force of
+counterfeit holinesse and feigned harmelesnesse in hypocrits,
+           ---- qui pelle sub agni
+    Vipereum celant virus morésq; luporum;
+    Et stolidos ficta virtutis imagine fallunt.
+
+But now to return vnto the dooings of king Richard in France. Ye haue
+heard how a peace was concluded (as some haue written) but the same
+continued not long: for the French king séeming to repent himselfe of
+that he had doone (as is aforesaid) brake the peace, and raising a
+power, besieged Albemarle; at length wan it, and raced it downe to the
+ground, then king Richard gaue vnto him thrée thousand marks of siluer
+for the ransome of his knights and yeomen, or demilances (as I may call
+them) that were taken in that fortresse. After this, the French king wan
+Nouencourt, and earle John tooke the castell of Gamages.
+
+[Sidenote: The erledome of Poictou.] About the same time also king
+Richard gaue vnto his nephue Otho the earledome of Poictou. Which I haue
+thought good to note out of Roger Houeden, [Sidenote: John Bouchet his
+dout.] to remooue the doubt of Iohn Bouchet, who in the third part of
+his annales of Aquitaine, maruelleth at an old panchart or record which
+he had séene, by the tenour whereof it appeared, that this Otho
+intituled himselfe duke of Aquitaine and earle of Poictou, being in his
+castell of Monstereulbonin neere to Poictiers, in the yeare a thousand,
+one hundreth, ninetie nine, in presence of Geffrey de Lusignen, and
+others, and granted vnto a certeine person the office of cutting the
+monie in the mint of that towne, as by the same panchart it further
+appeareth.
+
+The sight whereof brought the said Bouchet into a great perplexitie,
+considering that no chronicle which he had either seene, or heard of,
+made mention of any Otho that shuld be duke of Aquitaine, or erle of
+Poictou, either before that time, or after. Where againe it was euident
+to him, that queene Elianor the mother of king Richard, as then liuing,
+named hir selfe dutchesse of Aquitaine, and countesse of Poictou; &
+likewise king Richard intituled himselfe duke of Aquitaine, and earle of
+Poictou, euer after he had fianced the earle of Barcelons daughter, as
+by diuerse records both of the mother and the sonne he had séene perfect
+notice. At length yet he gesseth (and that trulie) that it should be
+this Otho, to whom the mother and sonne had assigned the dutchie of
+Aquitaine and countie of Poictou, for the maintenance of his estate, he
+holding the same till the yeare 1199, in the which he was made emperour
+by king Richards good helpe, as after shall be shewed more at large.
+
+[Sidenote: Ranulph erle of Chester tooke his wife the dutchesse of
+Britaine prisoner.] About this time also as the countesse of Britaine,
+the mother of duke Arthur came into Normandie to haue spoken with king
+Richard, Ranulph earle of Chester hir husband meeting hir at
+Pountourson, tooke hir as prisoner, and shut hir vp within his castell
+at S. James de Beumeron: and when hir sonne Arthur could not find means
+to deliuer hir out of captiuitie, he ioined with the king of France, and
+made great hauocke in the lands of his vncle king Richard, wherevpon the
+king gathered a mightie armie, and inuading Britaine with great force,
+cruellie wasted and destroied the countrie.
+
+[Sidenote: A dearth.] Here is also to be noted, that in this seuenth
+yeare of king Richard, a great dearth chanced through this realme of
+England, and in the coasts about the same. [Sidenote: The death of the
+earle of Salisburie.] Also about the same time died William earle of
+Salisburie, the sonne of earle Patrike, whose daughter and heire king
+Richard gaue in marriage, togither with the earledome of Salisburie,
+vnto his base brother, surnamed Long Espée.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ _Matth. Paris._] It chanced moreouer about the
+same time, that earle John the kings brother, with certeine capteins of
+such hired souldiors as some call Brabanceni; others, the Routs; and the
+French histories name them Costereaux, or Coterels, went abroad to
+atchiue some enterprise against the bishop of Beauuois, and other
+Frenchmen, which had doone much hurt to king Richards subiects in those
+parties. The chéefe leaders of those Routs or Costereaux, which went
+foorth with earle John, [Sidenote: Marchades & Lupescaro.] and serued
+vnder him at that time, were two Prouancois, Marchades & Lupescaro.
+These riding foorth into the countrie about Beauuois made hauocke in
+robbing and spoiling all afore them.
+
+Anon as Philip the bishop of Beauuois, a man more giuen to the campe
+than to the church, had knowledge hereof, thinking them to be a méet
+preie for him, with sir William de Merlow and his sonne, and a great
+number of other valiant men of warre, came foorth into the fields, and
+encountring with the enimies, fought verie stoutlie. [Sidenote: The
+bishop of Beauuois taken prisoner.] But yet in the end the bishop, the
+archdeacon, and all the chéefe capteins were taken: the residue slaine
+and chased. After this, earle John and the foresaid capteins passed
+foorth, and wan the towne of Millie, and so returned.
+
+Earle John and Marchades presented the two prelats with great triumph
+vnto K. Richard earlie in the morning, lieng yet in his bed; as those
+that were knowne to be his great enimies, saieng to him in French; "Rise
+Richard, rise, we haue gotten the great chantour of Beauuois, and a good
+quier man (as we take it) to answer him in the same note, and here we
+deliuer them vnto you to vse at your discretion." The king séeing them,
+smiled, and was verie glad for the taking of this bishop, for that he
+had euer found him his great aduersarie: and therefore being thus taken
+fighting in the field with armour on his backe, thought he might be bold
+in temporall wise to chastise him: sith he (not regarding his calling)
+practised to molest him with temporall weapons: wherevpon he committed
+him to close prison all armed as he was.
+
+It chanced soone after, that two of his chaplins came vnto the king to
+Rouen, where this bishop was deteined, beseeching the king of licence to
+attend vpon their maister now in captiuitie: vnto whome (as it is of
+some reported) the king made this answer; "I am content to make you
+iudges in the cause betwixt me and your maister, as for the euils which
+he hath either doone, either else gone about to doo vnto me, let the
+same be forgotten. This is true, that I being taken as I returned from
+my iournie made into the holie land, and deliuered into the emperours
+hands, was in respect of my kinglie state, vsed according therevnto
+verie fréendlie and honourablie, till your maister comming thither (for
+what purpose he himselfe best knoweth) had long conference with the
+emperour. After which, I for my part in the next morning tasted the
+fruit of their ouernights talke, being then loden with as manie irons as
+a good asse might not verie easilie haue borne. Iudge you therefore,
+what maner of imprisonment your maister deserued at my hands, that
+procured such ease for me at the emperours hands."
+
+The two chaplins had their mouths stopped with these words thus by the
+king vttered, and so departed their waies. The bishop being still
+deteined in prison, procured suit to be made to the pope for his
+deliuerance: but the pope, being truelie informed of the matter, and
+wiselie considering that the king had not taken the bishop preaching,
+but fighting, and kept him prisoner rather as a rough enimie, than as a
+peaceable prelat, would not be earnest with the king for his
+deliuerance, but rather reprooued the bishop, in that he had preferred
+secular warfare before the spirituall, and had taken vpon him the vse
+of a speare in stéed of a crosier, an helmet in steed of a miter, an
+herbergeon in stéed of a white rochet, a target for a stoale, and an
+iron sword in lieu of the spirituall sword: and therefore he refused to
+vse any commandement to king Richard for the setting of him at libertie.
+But yet he promised to doo what he could by waie of intreating that he
+might be released.
+
+It is reported by some writers, that the pope at first, not
+vnderstanding the truth of the whole circumstance, should send to king
+Richard, commanding him by force of the canons of the church to deliuer
+his sons the bishop and archdeacon out of their captiuitie. To whom the
+king sent their armour with this message written in Latine, [Sidenote:
+_Genes. 37._] "Vide an tunica filij tui sit an non," that is, "See
+whether these are the garments of thy sonnes or not:" alluding to the
+saieng of those that caried Josephs coate to Jacob. Which when the pope
+saw, he said: "Naie by S. Peter, it is neither the apparell of my
+sonnes, nor yet of my brethren: but rather they are the vestures of the
+children of Mars:" and so he left them still to be ransomed at the kings
+pleasure. The bishop thus séeing no hope to be deliuered without some
+agréement had betwixt the two kings, became now through irkesomenesse of
+his bonds, an earnest mediatour for peace, whereas before he had beene
+an extreme stirrer vp of war. Such a schoolemaister is imprisonment, &
+plucker downe of loftie courages. But to proceed.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 8.] About the same time the archbishop of Rouen put
+all the countrie of Normandie vnder sentence of interdiction, [Sidenote:
+Normandie interdicted by y^e archbishop of Rouen.] bicause king Richard
+had begun to fortifie a castell at Lisle Dandelie, vpon a péece of
+ground which the archbishop claimed to apperteine vnto his sée. The
+matter was brought before the pope, who perceiuing the intent of king
+Richard was not otherwise grounded vpon any couetous purpose to defraud
+the church of hir right, but onelie to build a fortresse in such place
+as was most expedient for defense of the countrie about, to preserue it
+from inuasion of the enimies; he counselled the archbishop not to stand
+against the king in it, but to exchange with him for some other lands:
+which was doone, and the interdiction by the pope released. [Sidenote:
+The bishop of Elie departed this life.] The bishop of Elie lord
+chancellour, being sent about this businesse towards Rome, departed this
+life by the way at Poictiers, in Januarie.
+
+But the bishops of Durham & Lisieux that were sent with him, passed
+forward, and comming to Rome, informed the pope of the matter, who tooke
+order with the bishops (as before is mentioned.) The king gaue to the
+church in Rouen in recompense, his milles which he had in Rouen, so that
+the said church should paie the almes of old time appointed to be giuen
+for the same. He gaue to the said church likewise the towne of Diepe,
+and the towne of Bussels, so that the church should likewise paie the
+almes assigned foorth of the same, being the summe of 372 pounds of
+Aniouine monie: also the manour of Louers, and the forrest of Alermound
+with the deere and the appurtenances. But now to other dooings.
+
+About the same time, or not long before, whereas there had beene long
+contention betwixt the kings of England, and the earles of S. Giles for
+the earldome of Tholouse, [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ The king and the
+earle of Tholouse agréed.] king Richard by way of aliance fell now at an
+appointment with the earle Raimond that held those lands; for whereas
+the countesse Constance wife to the said Raimond earle of Tholouse and
+aunt to king Philip was now departed this life, king Richard concluded a
+mariage betweene the said earle and his sister Joane quéene of Sicile,
+sometime wife to William king of Sicile, so that being thus ioined in
+aliance with the said earle of Tholouse on the one side, [Sidenote:
+_Matt. Paris._ The earle of Flanders alied with K. Richard. _Iacob.
+Meir._ _Les annales de France._] he procured a league also with Baldwine
+earle of Flanders on the other, vnto whom he gaue fiue thousand markes
+in reward, vpon condition, that he should couenant not to grow to any
+agréement with the French king without his consent. Likewise Reginold
+the earle of Bolongne, that was sonne to earle of Chateau Marline, alied
+himselfe with them against the French king, and so did Baldwine earle of
+Guines with diuerse other.
+
+Thus King Richard by such aliance hauing his part greatlie strengthened,
+prepared himselfe to the warre more earnestlie than before, and tooke
+order with the earle of Flanders, that they should inuade the French
+dominions in two seuerall quarters both at one time, as the earle by
+Flanders, & he himselfe by Normandie, according to the appointment
+betwixt them deuised. [Sidenote: _Iacob. Meir._ _Wil. Paruus._ Towns won
+by the earle of Flanders.] The earle preparing an armie, first wan the
+towne of Dowaie, and then besieged saint Omers, and wan it after fiue
+weekes siege: wherevpon they of Aire yeelded to him; shortlie after he
+entred into Artois, & besieged the citie of Arras.
+
+At the same time king Richard marching towards Gisors, wan in his waie
+the castell of Corselles, & destroied it; [Sidenote: Gisors besieged.]
+that doone, he came to Gisors, and besieged the towne, wasting all the
+countrie round about him where he came. The French king being thus
+troubled with the inuasion of his enimies in two seuerall places at one
+present time, sent certeine bands of his souldiors towards Arras to
+kéepe the earle of Flanders plaie, whilest he himselfe went against king
+Richard: and comming vnto Gisors, found it streictlie besieged of the
+same king, so that he wist not well how to enter the towne. But yet at
+length faigning to giue battell to king Richard (who vpon desire to
+receiue it, came abroad into the field) the French king rushed foorth
+with all his whole force to make towards the towne, [Sidenote: The
+French king entreth into Gisors.] & so got into it, though not without
+great losse and damage of his people.
+
+King Richard not meaning to breake vp his siege from before the towne,
+(notwithstanding the French king had entred it) staied a certeine time
+of purpose to win it, knowing the gaine to be the greater, and his name
+more famous, if he might atchiue his purpose, now that his aduersarie
+was within it, but when he saw it would not be, [Sidenote: K. Richard
+raiseth his siege.] he raised his siege, and departed towards Cleremont,
+spoiling all the countrie by his forrais as he went, so that he wan
+great pillage, wherewith his souldiers were loden and made verie rich.
+
+[Sidenote: Hugh de Cheaumount taken prisoner.] It chanced, that in a
+skirmish Hugh de Chaumount was taken prisoner, one that was of the
+French kings priuie councell; and king Richard appointed him to the
+kéeping of Robert Ros, who charged one of his seruants named William de
+Spinie with the custodie of him. But the said Hugh corrupting his kéeper
+the foresaid William with rewards, (whereof it is said,
+    [Sidenote: _Ouid. in 3. Art. am. ep. 16._]
+         ---- acceptissima semper
+    Munera sunt, author quæ pretiosa facit)
+escaped out of the castell of Bonneuille, where he was within ward, to
+the great displeasure of king Richard, [Sidenote: Robert Rosse put to
+his fine for an escape.] who caused Robert Ros to paie for a fine, the
+summe of twelue hundred marks, which the prisoner should haue paied for
+his ransome: and further, commanded William de Spinie to be hanged for
+his disloiall dealing.
+
+King Philip, after that the king of England was remooued from Gisors (as
+before yée haue heard) assembled a great host, and with banner
+displaied, [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] entred into Normandie, and wasted
+the countrie from Newburge to Beaumont le Rogier, and that doone,
+returned into France, licencing his men to returne vnto their homes.
+[Sidenote: _Nic. Treuet._ The French kings request for a combat.] About
+the same time, he sent vnto king Richard, requiring him to appoint fiue
+champions, and he would appoint other fiue for his part, which might
+fight in lists, for triall of all matters in controuersie betwixt them,
+so to auoid the shedding of more giltlesse bloud. [Sidenote: K. Richards
+answer.] King Richard accepted the offer, with condition, that either
+king might be of the number, that is, the French king one of the fiue
+vpon the French part; & K. Richard one of the fiue vpon the English
+part. But this condition would not be granted. [Sidenote: 1197.]
+Herevpon when shortlie after it was signified to king Richard, that
+ships vsed to come out of England to saint Valerie with victuals,
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] which were sold and conueied awaie vnto the
+French K and other his enimies, he rode to saint Valeries, and set the
+towne on fire, [Sidenote: Ships burnt, and mariners hanged.] and such
+ships of England as he found there he also burnt, and hanged the
+mariners by the necke, diuiding the graine and other victuals which were
+found in the same ships amongst his owne souldiors.
+
+[Sidenote: _Les annales de France._] About the same time he got the
+fauour of them of Champaigne and of the Britons, and William Crespine
+also was constreined to deliuer vnto him the castell of Auge, but the
+French king recouered it by siege, whilest king Richard entring into
+Aluergne wan diuerse castels there, to the number of ten out of king
+Philips hands. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 9.] In the meane time the earle of
+Flanders made sore war against the French king for his part, and
+training the same king within streits, so that he was almost inclosed on
+ech side, he constreined him to agrée to such composition as pleased the
+same earle to appoint, but afterwards the French king refused to stand
+to the couenants of that agréement, and so the warre continued betwixt
+them as before.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ One yeare & 4 moneths saith _Wil. Paruus._] At
+length king Richard and the French king concluded vpon an abstinence of
+warre to indure from the feast of S. Hilarie for one whole yere,
+purposing in the meane time to make a finall peace and agréement. In
+which season Baldwine earle of Flanders came into England to doo his
+deuotions vnto the shrine where Thomas the archbishop laie buried at
+Canturburie. [Sidenote: Griffin king of Wales departed this life.] The
+same yeare also somewhat before this time, Rise ap Griffin king of Wales
+departed this life, after whose death there fell discord betwixt his
+sonnes for the succession, till the archbishop Hubert went to the
+marshes of that countrie and made an agréement betwixt them. Not long
+after, Roger the brother of Robert earle of Leicester, elected bishop of
+saint Andrews in Scotland, receiued the order of préesthood, and was
+consecrated bishop by the hands of the bishop of Aberdine.
+
+[Sidenote: Weights and measures.] This yeare it was ordeined that
+measures of all manner of graine should conteine one quantitie
+throughout the realme, that is to saie, one resonable horsselode, and
+that the measures of wine and ale with all maner of liquors should be of
+one iust quantie according to the diuersitie of the liquor: also that
+weights should be of like rate throughout the relme, and that cloth
+should conteine two yards in breadth within the lists, of perfect
+goodnesse throughout, as well in the middest as by the sides, and that
+one manner of yard should be vsed through the relme. It was also
+ordeined that no merchants within the realme should hang any red or
+blacke clothes before their windowes, nor set vp any pentises or other
+thing whereby to darken the light from those that came to buy their
+cloth, so as they might be deceiued in choosing thereof.
+
+Also it was enacted that there should be foure or six substantiall
+honest men chosen in euerie towne, and likewise in shires, with the head
+officers of cities and boroughes, which had a corporation, to see that
+the assises aforesaid were truelie kept, and that if anie were found to
+be offending in the premisses, to cause their bodies to be attached and
+commited to prison, and their goods to be seized to the kings vse: and
+if those that were chosen to haue regard thereto, were tried to be
+negligent, so that by others, and not by them any offenders chanced to
+be conuicted before the iustices, then should the regarders be put to
+their fines, for the negligent looking to their offices.
+
+[Sidenote: 1198.] King Richard held his Christmasse this yeare at Roan,
+and Hubert the archbishop of Canturburie legat of the apostolike sée,
+named lord chéefe Justice of England, was about the same time in the
+marshes of Wales at Hereford, and there receiued into his hands the
+castels of Hereford, Bridgenorth and Ludlow, remoouing those that had
+the same in kéeping, and appointing others in their roomes. Afterwards
+comming by Couentrie, [Sidenote: Moonks placed againe in the church of
+Couentrie.] he placed the moonks againe in the cathedrall church of that
+citie, by commandement of pope Celestine, and chased out the secular
+canons, which the bishop Hugh Nouant had brought into the same church
+when he remooued the moonks.
+
+[Sidenote: Messengers from the stats of Germanie.] In the Christmasse
+wéeke also there came messengers to Rouen from the archbishops of Cullen
+and Mentz, and from other states of the empire, which declared vnto king
+Richard, that all the princes of Germanie were appointed to assemble at
+Cullen, the two & twentith of Februarie, about the choosing of a new
+emperour, in place of the late deceassed Henrie: and therefore they
+commanded him by force of the oth and league in which he was bound to
+the emperour and empire, that all excuse of deniall or occasions to the
+contrarie ceasing and set apart, he should make his repaire vnto Cullen
+at the aforesaid day, to helpe them in choosing of some worthie
+personage that might and was able to haue the empire. King Richard
+doubting to put himselfe in danger, bicause he had not discharged all
+the debts due for his ransome, staied at home, but yet he sent diuerse
+noble men thither, and did so much in fauour of his nephue Otho, that by
+the helpe of the foresaid two archbishops of Cullen and Mentz, the same
+Otho was elected emperour. But of this matter more shall be said
+hereafter.
+
+[Sidenote: Three hundred knights of men of armes to be found.] Moreouer,
+about the same time king Richard required by the archbishop of
+Canturburie his chéefe iustice, an aid of 300 knights to be found by his
+subiects of England, to remaine with him in his seruice for one whole
+yeare, or else that they would giue him so much monie, as might serue to
+reteine that number after the rate of thrée shillings a daie of English
+monie for euerie knight. [Sidenote: The bishop of Lincolne.] Whereas all
+other were contented to be contributors herein, onelie Hugh bishop of
+Lincolne refused, and spake sore against the archbishop that moued the
+matter. But how soeuer that request tooke place, king Richard (as we
+find) leuied this yeare a subsidie of fiue shillings of euerie hide of
+land within the realme, two commissioners, that is to say, one of the
+spiritualtie, & a knight of the temporaltie, being appointed as
+commissioners in euerie shire, with the assistance of the shiriffe, and
+others, to sée the same assessed & rated after an hundred acres of land
+to the hide of land, according to the custome.
+
+[Sidenote: The moonks of Christes church send to the pope, complaining
+of their archbishop.] The same yeare also the moonks of the house of the
+holie Trinitie, otherwise called Christes church in Canturburie,
+exhibited their complaint vnto pope Innocent, that their archbishop
+Hubert (contrarie to his order and dignitie) exercised the office of
+high iustice, and sate in iudgement of bloud, being so incumbred in
+temporall matters, that he could not haue time to discharge his office
+touching spirituall causes: [Sidenote: The pope sendeth to the king.]
+wherevpon the pope sent vnto king Richard, admonishing him not to suffer
+the said archbishop to be any longer troubled with temporall affaires,
+but to discharge him thereof, and not to admit any spirituall person
+from thencefoorth vnto any temporall administration.
+
+He further prohibited by vertue of their obedience, all manner of
+prelats and men of the church, that they should not presume rashlie to
+take vpon them any maner of secular function or office. Whervpon the
+archbishop was discharged of his office of chéefe iustice, and Geffrey
+Fitz Peter succéeded in gouernement of the realme in his stéed.
+¶ Geruasius Dorobernensis saith, that the archbishop resigned that
+office of his owne accord, and that not till after his returne from the
+marshes of Wales, where he had ouerthrowne the Welshmen, and slaine fiue
+thousand of them. Which victorie other ascribe vnto Geffrey Fitz Peter,
+which Geffrey (as the said Dorobernensis saith) succeeded the archbishop
+in the office of lord cheefe iustice, but not vntill August, in the
+tenth yeare of the kings reigne.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 10.] In this yeare, immediatlie vpon the expiring of
+the truce which was taken till haruest might be ended, the warre betwixt
+the two kings of England & France began eftsoones to be pursued with
+like earnestnesse as before: wherevpon manie encounters chanced betwixt
+the parties, with taking of townes and fortresses, as commonlie in such
+cases it happeneth. Twise the French king was put to the worsse, once in
+September betwixt Gamages and Vernon, where he was driuen to saue
+himselfe by flight, loosing twentie knights, and thréescore seruitors or
+yomen, which were taken, besides those that were slaine: and againe, in
+the same moneth on Michaelmasse euen betwixt Curseilles and Gisors, at
+what time he came to succour Curseilles, bringing with him 400 knights,
+besides seruitors, and a great multitude of commons. But the castell was
+woone before he could approch it.
+
+King Richard being aduertised of his comming, hasted foorth to méet him,
+and giuing the onset vpon him, forced him to flée vnto Gisors, where at
+the entring of the bridge there was such preasse, that the bridge brake,
+so that amongst other, [Sidenote: King Philip almost drowned.] the king
+himselfe with his horsse and all fell into the riuer of Geth, and with
+much adoo was releeued, and got out of the water, no small number of
+right hardie and valiant gentlemen being taken at the same time, which
+put themselues forward to staie the Englishmen, till the king was
+recouered out of the present danger. To conclude, there were taken to
+the number of an hundred knights, [Sidenote: Seuen score saith _R.
+Houed._ _Matth. Paris._ _R. Houed._] and two hundred barded horsses,
+besides seruitors on horssebacke, and footmen with crossebowes. Amongst
+other prisoners these are named, Matthew de Montmorancie, Gales de
+Ports, Iollen de Bray, and manie other also innumerable. King Richard
+hauing got this victorie, wrote letters thereof vnto the archbishops,
+bishops, abbats, earles and barons of his realme, that they might praise
+God for his good successe.
+
+¶ A notable example to all princes that haue the conquest ouer their
+enimies, to referre the happie getting thereof to God, and to giue
+praise vnto him who giueth victorie vnto whom it pleaseth him. Which the
+Psalmograph saw verie well, and therefore ascribed all the issue of his
+prosperous affaires to God, as may well be noted by his words, saieng
+expresselie,
+    [Sidenote: _Eob. Hess. in Psal. 144._]
+                 ---- ab illo
+    Munior, hic instar turris & arcis erat,
+    Dura manus in bella meas qui format & armat,
+    Ad fera qui digitos instruit arma meos.
+
+Now will we staie the proceedings of the king of France at this time,
+and make no further relation thereof for a while, till we haue touched
+other things that happened in England at the same season. And first ye
+shall vnderstand, that Hugh Bardolfe, Roger Arundell, and Geffrey
+Hachet, to whom as iustices, the counties of Lincolne, Notingham, Yorke,
+Derbie, Northumberland, Westmerland, Cumberland, and Lancaster were
+appointed for circuits, held not onelie plées of assises, and of the
+crowne, [Sidenote: Inquisitions taken.] but also tooke inquisitions of
+escheats, and forfaitures of all maner of transgressions, and of
+donations of benefices, of marriages of widowes and maids, and other
+such like things as apperteined to the king, whereby any aduantages grew
+to his vse, the which for tediousnesse we passe ouer. These things were
+streightlie looked vnto, not without the disquieting of manie.
+
+Herewith came an other trouble in the necke of this former, to diuerse
+persons within the realme, through inquiries taken by the iustices of
+the forrests: for Hugh Neuille, Hugh Waley, and Heruisius Neuill,
+appointed iustices itinerants in that case, were commanded by the king
+to call before them archbishops, bishops, earles, barons, knights, and
+fréeholders, with the reeue, and foure of the substantiall men of euerie
+towne or village, to heare and take knowledge of the kings commandement,
+[Sidenote: Ordinances of forrests.] touching the ordinances of forrests,
+the which were verie straight in sundrie points, so that whereas before
+those that offended in killing of the kings deere were punished by the
+purse, now they should loose their eies and genitals, as the lawe was in
+the daies of king Henrie his grandfather: and those that offended in
+cutting downe woods or bushes, or in digging and deluing vp of turues
+and clods, or by any other maner of waie made waste and distruction in
+woods or grasse, or spoile of venison, within the precinct of the
+forrests, contrarie to order, they should be put to their fines.
+
+[Sidenote: Préests to be arrested offending in forrests.] He gaue
+commandement also, that it should be lawful to the forresters to take
+and put vnder arrest, as well préests and those of the cleargie, as
+temporall men, being found offendors in forrest grounds and chases.
+Manie other ordinances were decréed touching the preseruation of
+forrests, and the kings prerogatiue, aduantages and profits rising and
+growing by the same, as well for sauing of his woods and wasts, as in
+pannage and agistements, greatlie to the restraint of them that might
+vsurpe or incroch vpon the grounds within the compasse of his forrests.
+
+Ye haue heard before, how the moonks of Canturburie did send to exhibit
+a complaint to the pope, for that their archbishop tooke vpon him to
+deale in exercise of matters belonging to a temporall man, [Sidenote:
+_Ger. Dor._] and not to such a one as had rule ouer the spiritualtie:
+but this was not the cause that did gréeue them so much, as that he went
+forward with the erection of that church at Lameth, which his
+predecessor archbishop Baldwine had first begun at Haketon, now called
+S. Stephans (as before ye haue heard) and after was driuen through the
+importunate suit of the moonks to leaue off, and race that which he had
+there begun, to obeie the popes pleasure: [Sidenote: The church of
+Lameth.] and after laid a new foundation at Lameth.
+
+The moonks of Canturburie therefore still fearing least that church
+should greatlie preiudice such rights and liberties, as they pretended,
+namlie in the election of their archbishop, would neuer rest, but still
+complained and followed their suit in most obstinate maner in the court
+of Rome, as well in the daies of the said Baldwine, as now against
+Hubert, (when he tooke in hand to continue the worke according to the
+purpose of his predecessour the said Baldwine, which was to haue
+instituted a colledge there, and to haue placed secular canons in the
+same) and such was the earnest trauell of the moonks herein, that in the
+end now after the deceasse of pope Celestine, they found such fauour at
+the hands of pope Innocent his successor, that the same Innocent
+directed his letters of cōmandement to the archbishop, and other bishops
+of this land, [Sidenote: The pope cōmandeth the church of Lameth to be
+raced.] to destroie and race the same foundation, as a péece of worke
+derogatorie to the sée of Canturburie, and verie preiudiciall to the
+estate of holie church.
+
+The archbishop at the first trusted to be borne out by the king (who was
+highlie offended with the moonks for their presumptuous dealing) and
+therefore refused to obeie the popes commandement. The king in deed
+stomached the matter so highlie, that he sent letters vnto the moonks by
+no worsse messengers than by Geffrey Fitz Peter, and Hugh Fitz Bardolfe
+his iustices, signifieng to them not onelie his high displeasure for
+their presumptuous proceedings in their suit without his consent, but
+also commanding them to surceasse, and not to procéed further in the
+matter by virtue of any such the popes letters, which they had purchased
+contrarie to the honour and dignitie of his crowne and realme. Moreouer,
+he wrote to the bishops, commanding them to appeale; and to the
+archbishop, forbidding him in any wise to breake downe the church which
+he had so builded at Lameth.
+
+[Sidenote: The presumtuous stoutnesse of the moonks.] The shiriffe of
+Kent also was commanded to seize into his hands all the tenements and
+possessions that belonged to the moonks (a frie of satan and as one
+saith verie well of them and the like leuen of lewdnesse,
+    ---- sentina malorum,
+    Agnorum sub pelle lupi, mercede colentes
+    Non pietate Deum, &c.)
+who neuer the lesse were so stout in that quarell, that they would not
+prolong one daie of the time appointed by the pope for the racing of
+that church. Herevpon the king for his part and the bishops in their
+owne behalfes wrote to the pope. Likewise the abbats of Boxeley, Fourd,
+Stratford, Roberts-bridge, Stanlie, and Basing Warke, wrote the matter
+to him: and againe the pope and the cardinals wrote to the king, to the
+archbishops, and bishops: and so letters passed to and fro, till at
+length the pope sent a Nuncio of purpose, to signifie his full
+determination, as in the next yeare it shall be shewed at full.
+
+[Sidenote: Welshmen vanquished. _Ger. Dor._ ascribeth this victorie vnto
+Hubert archb. of Canturburie and saith there were slaine about 500 of
+the enimies.] About the same time Geffrey Fitz Peter, lord cheefe
+iustice of England, raised a power of men, and went into Wales to
+succour the tenants of William de Brause, which were besieged of the
+king, or rather prince of that countrie, named Owen, the brother of
+Cadwalaine, [Sidenote: Mauds castle.] in Mauds castell: but the lord
+chéefe iustice comming to the reskue of them within, gaue battell to the
+aduersaries, and vanquishing them slue three thousand of them, and
+seauen hundred of those that were taken prisoners and wounded. And all
+the while the warres continued in France, the losse for the most part
+still redounded to the Frenchmen. Earle John burnt Newburg, and tooke
+eighteene knights of such as were sent to the reskue.
+
+[Sidenote: The earle of Leicester.] The earle of Leicester with a small
+companie came before the castell of Pascie, which (although the
+Frenchmen held it) did yet of right belong vnto the said earle. The
+souldiors within issued foorth, and being too strong for the earle,
+caused him to flee, for otherwise he had béene taken. But returning on
+the morrow after with more companie about him, and laieng ambushes for
+the enimie, he approched the said castell, and trained the Frenchmen
+foorth till he had them within his danger, and then causing his men to
+breake out vpon them tooke an eightéene knights, and a great multitude
+of other people. [Sidenote: Marchades.] Also Marchades with his rout of
+Brabanders did the Frenchmen much hurt, in robbing and spoiling the
+countries.
+
+About this season the archbishop of Canturburie went ouer into Normandie
+to speake with king Richard, and at the French kings request he passed
+into France, to common with him of peace, which the French king offered
+to conclude, in restoring all the townes and castels which he had taken
+(Gisors onelie excepted) and touching the possession and title thereof,
+he was contented to put the matter in compremise, to the order and award
+of six barons in Normandie to be named by him; and of six barons in
+France which king Richard should name. But king Richard would not thus
+agrée, except the earle of Flanders and others which had forsaken the
+French king to take his part, might be comprised in the same peace. At
+length yet in Nouember, there was truce taken betwixt the two kings till
+the feast of S. Hilarie next insuing.
+
+In the meane time pope Innocent the third, vnderstanding in what present
+danger things stood in the holie land, and on the other side,
+considering what a weakening it was vnto christendome, to haue these two
+kings thus to warre with mortall hatred one against the other:
+[Sidenote: A truce taken betwixt the two kings.] he thought it stood him
+vpon to trauell betwixt them, to bring them vnto some peace and
+agreement. Héerevpon he dispatched one Peter the cardinall of Capua into
+France, as legat from the sée of Rome, vnto the two foresaid kings, to
+instruct them in what present danger the state of the christians in Asia
+presentlie stood, so that without the aid of them and of other christian
+princes, it could not be holpen, but needs it must come to vtter ruine,
+and the Saracens yer long to be possessed of the whole. Therefore both
+in respect hereof, and also for the auoiding of the further wilfull
+spilling of christian bloud in such ciuill[17] and vngodlie warre, he
+besought them to staie their hands, and to ioine in some fréendlie band
+of concord, whereby they might with mutuall consent bestow their seruice
+in that necessarie and most godlie warre, wherein by ouercomming the
+enimies of Christ, they might looke for worthie reward at his hands,
+which is the frée giuer of all victories.[18]
+
+[Sidenote: 1199.] The cardinall comming into France, and dooing his
+message in most earnest wise, was present at the interuiew appointed
+betwixt the two kings in the feast of S. Hilarie, but yet could not he
+bring his purpose to full effect: [Sidenote: _R. Houed._ A truce
+concluded for fiue yeares.] onelie he procured them to take truce for
+the term of fiue yeares, farther he could not get them to agrée. ¶ The
+fault by authors is ascribed aswell to king Richard, as to king Philip:
+for king Richard being first euill vsed, and put to hinderance,
+determined either to vanquish, or neuer to giue place.
+
+This forbearance from warre was concluded and taken in the yeare 1199
+after the incarnation, and tenth of king Richards reigne. But
+immediatlie after, there arose matter of new displeasure betwixt these
+two kings to kéepe their minds in vre with secret grudges, though by
+reason of the truce they outwardlie absteined from declaring it by force
+of armes. [Sidenote: Contention about the choosing of the emperour.] It
+chanced that in the election of a new emperour, the electors could not
+agrée, one part of them choosing Otho duke of Saxonie, nephue to king
+Richard by his sister Maud, and another part of them naming Philip duke
+of Tuscaine, and brother to the last emperour Henrie.
+
+King Richard (as reason was) did procure what fauour he could to the
+furtherance of his nephue Otho: and king Philip on the contrarie part,
+did what he could in fauour of the foresaid Philip. At length Otho was
+admitted by the pope to end the strife: but yet the grudge remained in
+the harts of the two kings: Philip finding himselfe much gréeued in that
+he had missed his purpose, and Richard being as little pleased for that
+he had woone his so hardlie, and with so much adoo. And thus matters
+passed for that yeare.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ The popes letters to the king for the church of
+Lameth.] In the beginning of the next, the popes Nuncio came with
+letters, not onlie to the archbishop and bishops of England, but also to
+the king himselfe, signifieng the popes resolute decree touching the
+church and colledge of Lameth to be broken downe and suppressed.
+Wherevpon the king and archbishop (though sore against their willes)
+when they saw no waie longer to shift off the matter, yéelded to the
+popes pleasure: and so the archbishop sent his letters to Lameth, where
+the 21 daie of Januarie they were read, and the 27 daie of the same
+moneth was the church cast downe, & the canons which were alreadie these
+placed, had commandement to depart from thence without further delaie.
+[Sidenote: The moonks borne out by the pope.] Thus the moonks in dispite
+of the king and archbishop had their willes, but yet their vexation
+ceassed not, for the king and archbishop bearing them no small euill
+will, for that they had so obteined their purpose contrarie to their
+minds and intents, molested them diuerse waies, although the moonks
+still vpon complaint to the pope, were verie much releeued, and found
+great freendship both with him and likewise with his court. ¶ So that it
+may be obserued that these dishclouts of the popes kitchen haue in all
+ages, since their first quickening béene troublesome and mutinous,
+sawcie and insolent, proud[19] and malapert. But,
+    [Sidenote: _M. Pal. in suo sag._]
+    Proh pudor! hos tolerare potest ecclesia porcos,
+    Cùm sint lasciui nimiùm, nimiúmq; superbi,
+    Duntaxàt ventri, veneri somnóq; vacantes?
+
+In this meane time, king Richard being now at rest from troubles of
+warre, studied busilie to prouide monie, meaning to make a new voiage
+into the holie land. Therefore finding himselfe beare of treasure, by
+reason of the French warres had emptied his cofers, [Sidenote: A tax.
+Fiue shillings of euerie plough land, as saith _Matt. Westm._] he set a
+great tax vpon his subiects, and by that meanes, hauing recouered a
+great summe, he builded that notable strong castell in Normandie, vpon
+the banke of the riuer of Saine, [Sidenote: Chasteau Galiard built.]
+named Chateau Galiard: which when it was finished he fell a iesting
+thereat and said; "Behold, is not this a faire daughter of one yeares
+growth." The soile where this castell was builded, belonged to the
+archbishop of Rouen, for which there followed great strife betwixt the
+king and the archbishop, till the pope tooke vp the matter (as before ye
+haue heard.)
+
+After this, he determined to chastise certeine persons in Poictou, which
+during the warres betwixt him and the French king, had aided the
+Frenchmen against him: wherevpon with an armie he passed foorth towards
+them, but by the waie he was informed, that one Widomer a vicount in the
+countrie of Britaine, had found great treasure: [Sidenote: Images of an
+emperour and of his wife & children all of fine gold. The annales of
+Aquitaine.] and therefore pretending a right thereto by vertue of his
+prerogatiue, he sent for the vicount, who smelling out the matter, and
+supposing the king would not be indifferent in parting the treasure,
+fled into Limosin, where although the people were tributaries to the
+king of England, yet they tooke part with the French king.
+
+[Sidenote: Chalus Cheuerell. _R. Houed._] There is a towne in that
+countrie called Chalus Cheuerell, into which the said vicount retired
+for safegard of himselfe, and then gaue the townesmen a great portion of
+treasure, to the end they should defend him and his quarell for the
+rest. King Richard still following him, as one that could not auoid his
+fatall ordinance, hasted into the confines of Limosin, fullie
+determining either to win the towne by force, if the inhabitants should
+make resistance, or at leastwise, to get into his hands the preie, which
+he so earnestlie pursued. [Sidenote: K. Richard besiegeth Chalus.] At
+his first approch he gaue manie fierce assaults to the towne, but they
+within hauing throughlie prouided aforehand for to defend a siege, so
+resisted his attempts, that within thrée daies after his comming, he
+ceassed to assaile the towne, meaning to vndermine the walles, which
+otherwise he perceiued would verie hardlie be gotten; considering the
+stoutnesse of them within, and withall, the naturall strength and
+situation of the place it selfe.
+
+Herevpon therefore on the 26 of March, whiles he (togither with capteine
+Marchades) went about vnaduisedlie to view the towne (the better to
+consider the place which waie he might conueie the course of his mine)
+they came so farre within danger, [Sidenote: He is wounded.] that the
+king was stricken in the left arme, or (as some write) in the shoulder,
+where it ioined to the necke, with a quarell inuenomed (as is to be
+supposed by the sequele.) [Sidenote: _Ra. Niger._] Being thus wounded,
+he gat to his horsse, and rode home againe to his lodging, where he
+caused the wound to be searched and bound vp, and as a man nothing
+dismaid therewith, continued his siege with such force and assurance,
+that within 12 daies after the mishap, the towne was yéelded vnto him,
+although verie little treasure (to make any great accompt of) was at
+that time found therein.
+
+In this meane season, the king had committed the cure of his wound to
+one of Marchades his surgions, who taking in hand to plucke out the
+quarell, drew foorth onelie the shaft at the first[20], and left the
+iron still within, and afterwards going about most vnskilfullie to get
+foorth the head of the said quarell, he vsed such incisions, and so
+mangled the kings arme, yer he could cut it, [Sidenote: The king
+despaired of life.] that he himself despaired of all helpe and longer
+life, affirming flatlie to such as stood about him, that he could not
+long continue by reason of his butcherlie handling. To be short féeling
+himselfe to wax weaker and weaker, preparing his mind to death, which he
+perceiued now to be at hand, [Sidenote: He ordeineth his testament.] he
+ordeined his testament, or rather reformed and added sundrie things vnto
+the same which he before had made, at the time of his gooing foorth
+towards the holie land.
+
+Vnto his brother Iohn he assigned the crowne of England, and all other
+his lands and dominions, causing the Nobles there present to sweare
+fealtie vnto him. [Sidenote: _R. Houed._] His monie, his iewels, and all
+other his goods mooueable he willed to be diuided into thrée parts, of
+the which Otho the emperor his sisters sonne to haue one, his houshold
+seruants an other part, and the third to be distributed to the poore.
+Finallie remembring himselfe also of the place of his buriall, he
+commanded that his bodie should be interred at Fonteurard at his fathers
+feet, [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] but he willed his heart to be conueied
+vnto Rouen, and there buried, in testimonie of the loue which he had
+euer borne vnto that citie for the stedfast faith and tried loialtie at
+all times found in the citizens there. His bowels he ordeined to be
+buried in Poictiers, as in a place naturallie vnthankefull and not
+worthie to reteine any of the more honorable parts of his bodie.
+
+Moreouer he caused the arcubalistar that wounded him, to be sought out,
+whose name was Barthram de Garden[21], or Peter Basill (for so he named
+himselfe as some write) who being brought before the king, [Sidenote:
+_Rog. Houed._] he demanded wherein he had so much offended him, that he
+should so lie in wait to slea him, rather than Marchades, who was then
+in his companie, and attendant on his person? The other answered boldlie
+againe, saieng; "I purposed to kill thee, bicause thou sluest my father,
+and two of my brethren heretofore, and wouldest also now haue slaine me,
+if I had happened to fall into thy hands. Wherefore I intended to
+reuenge their deaths, not caring in the meane time what became of my
+selfe, so that I might in anie wise obteine my will of thée, who in such
+sort hast bereft me of my freends." The king harkening vnto his words,
+and pondering his talke by good aduisement, [Sidenote: A notable example
+of forgiuing an enimie. _Matth. Paris._] fréelie pardoned him, and
+withall commanded that he should be set at libertie, and thereto haue an
+hundred shillings giuen him in his pursse, and so to be let go.
+Moreouer, he gaue strait charge that no[22] man should hurt him, or séeke
+any reuenge for this his death hereafter. Thus the penitent prince not
+onelie forgaue, but also rewarded his aduersarie. Howbeit after his
+deceasse, Marchades getting him into his hands, first caused the skin to
+be stripped off his bodie, and after hanged him on a gibit.
+
+[Sidenote: King Richard departed this life.] At length king Richard by
+force of sicknesse (increased with anguish of his incurable wound)
+departed this life, on the tuesdaie before Palmesundaie, being the ninth
+of Aprill, and the xj. daie after he was hurt, in the yeare after the
+birth of our Sauiour 1199. in the 44 yeare of his age, and after he had
+reigned nine yeares, nine moneths, and od daies: he left no issue behind
+him. [Sidenote: His stature & shape of bodie. _Gal. Vinsaf._] He was
+tall of stature, and well proportioned, faire and comelie of face, so as
+in his countenance appeared much fauour and grauitie, of haire bright
+aborne, as it were betwixt red and yellow, with long armes, and nimble
+in all his ioints his thighes and legs were of due proportion, and
+answerable to the other parts of his bodie.
+
+[Sidenote: His disposition of mind.] As he was comelie of personage, so
+was he of stomach more couragious and fierce, so that not without cause,
+he obteined the surname of Cueur de lion, that is to saie, The lions
+hart. Moreouer he was courteous to his souldiors, and towards his
+fréends and strangers that resorted vnto him verie liberall, but to his
+enimies hard and not to be intreated, desirous of battell, an enimie to
+rest and quietnesse, verie eloquent of speech and wise, but readie to
+enter into ieopardies, and that without feare or forecast in time of
+greatest perils.
+
+[Sidenote: The vices that were in king Richard.] These were his vertuous
+qualities, but his vices (if his vertues, his age, and the wars which he
+mainteined were throughlie weied) were either none at all, or else few
+in number, and not verie notorious. He was noted of the common people to
+be partlie subiect vnto pride, which surelie for the most part foloweth
+stoutnesse of mind: of incontinencie, to the which his youth might
+happilie be somewhat bent: and of couetousnesse, into the which infamie
+most captieins and such princes as commonlie follow the warres doo
+oftentimes fall, when of the necessitie they are driuen to exact monie,
+as well of fréends as enimies, to mainteine the infinit charges of their
+wars.
+
+Hereof it came, that on a time whiles he soiourned in France about his
+warres, which he held against K. Philip, [Sidenote: Fulco a préest.]
+there came vnto him a French préest whose name was Fulco, who required
+the K. in any wise to put from him thrée abhominable daughters which he
+had, and to bestow them in marriage, least God punished him for them.
+Thou liest hypocrite (said the king) to thy verie face, for all the
+world knoweth that I haue not one daughter. I lie not (said the préest)
+for thou hast thrée daughters, one of them is called pride, the second
+couetousnesse, and the third lecherie. With that the king, called to him
+his lords & barons, and said to them; "This hypocrite heere hath
+required me to marrie awaie my thrée daughters, which (as he saith) I
+cherish, nourish, foster and mainteine, that is to say pride,
+couetousnesse, and lecherie. And now that I haue found out necessarie &
+fit husbands for them, I will doo it with effect, and seeke no more
+delaies. I therefore bequeath my pride to the high minded templers and
+hospitallers, which are as proud as Lucifer himselfe. My couetousnesse I
+giue vnto the white moonks, otherwise called of the Cisteaux order, for
+they couet the diuell and all. My lecherie I commit to the prelates of
+the church, who haue most pleasure and felicitie therein."
+
+[Sidenote: Baldwine & Hubert archbishops of Canturburie.] There liued in
+the daies of this king Richard, men of worthie fame amongst those of the
+cleargie, Baldwine archbishop of Canturburie, and Hubert who succeeded
+him in that sée, also Hugh bishop of Lincolne, a man for his worthinesse
+of life highlie to be commended. Moreouer, William bishop of Elie, who
+though otherwise he was to be dispraised for his ambition and pompous
+hautinesse, yet the king vsed his seruice for a time greatlie to his
+profit and aduancement of the publike affaires. Also of learned men we
+find diuerse in these daies that flourished here in this land, as
+Baldwine of Deuonshire that came to the bishop of Worcester in this
+kings time, and after his deceasse, he was aduanced to the gouernment of
+the archbishops sée of Canturburie, who wrote diuerse treatises, namelie
+of matters perteining to diuinitie. [Sidenote: _Iohn Bales._] Daniell
+Morley well seene in the Mathematicals, Iohn de Hexam, and Richard de
+Hexham two notable historicians; Guilielmus Stephanides a moonke of
+Canturburie, who wrote much in the praise of archbishop Becket. Beside
+these, we find one Richard, that was an abbat of the order
+Premonstratensis, Richard Diuisiensis, Nicholas Walkington, Robert de
+Bello Foco, an excellent philosopher, &c. ¶ See Bale in his third
+Centurie.
+
+In martiall renowme there flourished in this kings daies diuerse noble
+capteines, as Robert earle of Leicester, Ranulfe de Fulgiers, two of the
+Bardulphes, Hugh and Henrie, thrée Williams, Marshall, Brunell, and
+Mandeuill, with two Roberts, Ros and Sabeuile. [Sidenote: A great
+derth.] Furthermore, I find that in the daies of this king Richard, a
+great derth reigned in England, and also in France, for the space of
+three or foure yeares during the wars betwéene him & king Philip, so
+that after his returne out of Germanie, and from imprisonment, a quarter
+of wheat was sold at 18 shillings eight pence, no small price in those
+daies, if you consider the alay of monie then currant.
+
+Also immediatlie after, that is to say, in the yeare of our Lord, a
+thousand, one hundred, nintie six, which was about the seuenth yere of
+the said kings reigne, [Sidenote: A great mortalitie of people. _Wil.
+Paruus._] there followed a maruellous sore death, which dailie consumed
+such numbers of people, that scarse there might be found any to kéepe
+and looke to those that were sicke, or to burie them that died. Which
+sickenesse was a pestilentiall feuer or sharpe burning ague. The
+accustomed manner of buriall was also neglected: so that in manie places
+they made great pits, and threw their dead bodies into the same, one
+vpon an other. For the multitude of them that died was such, that they
+could not haue time to make for euerie one a seuerall graue. This
+mortalitie continued for the space of fiue or six months, and at length
+ceassed in the cold season of winter.
+
+[Sidenote: Two sunnes.] In the octaues of Pentecost before this great
+death, in the first houre of the day, there appeared two sunnes, the
+true sunne & another, as it were a counterfeit sunne: but so
+apparentlie, that hard it was to the common people, to discerne the one
+from the other. The skilfull also were compelled by instruments to
+distinguish the one from the other: in taking their altitudes and
+places, whereby in the end they found the new apparition, as it were, to
+wait vpon the planet, and so continued by the space of certeine houres.
+At length when the beholders (of whom Wil. Paruus that recorded things
+in that age was one) had well wearied their eies in diligent marking the
+maner of this strange appearance, the counterfeit sunne vanished awaie.
+
+¶ This strange woonder was taken for a signification of that which
+followed, that is to say, of war, famine and pestilence: or to say the
+truth, it betokened rather the continuance of two of those mischiefs.
+For warre and famine had sore afflicted the people before that time, and
+as yet ceassed not: but as for the pestilence, it began soone after the
+strange sight, whereof insued such effect, as I haue alreadie rehearsed.
+
+
+     Thus farre king Richard.
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's notes
+
+There are no footnotes in the original. The original spelling and
+punctuation have been retained, with the exception of obvious errors
+which have been corrected by reference to the 1587 edition of which
+the original is a transcription.
+
+[1] Original reads 'where'; corrected to 'were'.
+
+[2] Original reads 'whith'; corrected to 'with'.
+
+[3] Original reads 'were'; corrected to 'where'.
+
+[4] Original reads 'be Camuille'; corrected to 'de Camuille'.
+
+[5] Original reads 'which tossed them them'; corrected to
+    'which tossed them'.
+
+[6] Original reads 'connterfet'; corrected to 'counterfet'.
+
+[7] Original reads 'holié'; corrected to 'holie'.
+
+[8] Original reads 'easile'; corrected to 'easilie'.
+
+[9] Original reads 'forfied'; corrected to 'fortified'.
+
+[10] Original reads 'wearie dwith'; corrected to 'wearied with'.
+
+[11] Original reads 'Houden'; corrected to 'Houeden'.
+
+[12] Original reads 'a might bréed as'; corrected to 'as might bréed a'
+
+[13] Original reads 'Lancastsr'; corrected to 'Lancaster'.
+
+[14] Original reads "de' Rancin"; corrected to "de Rancin".
+
+[15] Original reads 'aud'; corrected to 'and'.
+
+[16] Original reads 'wherepon'; corrected to 'wherevpon'.
+
+[17] Original reads 'eiuill'; corrected to 'ciuill'.
+
+[18] Original reads 'victories,'; corrected to 'victories.'.
+
+[19] Original reads 'insolent,ro ud'; corrected to 'insolent, proud'.
+
+[20] Original reads 'at he first'; corrected to 'at the first'.
+
+[21] Original reads 'be Garden'; corrected to 'de Garden'.
+
+[22] Original reads 'that no no'; corrected to 'that no'.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and
+Ireland (2 of 6): England (6 of 12), by Raphael Holinshed
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND ***
+
+***** This file should be named 16762-0.txt or 16762-0.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/7/6/16762/
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Louise Pryor and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/16762-0.zip b/16762-0.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..503cb8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/16762-0.zip
diff --git a/16762-8.txt b/16762-8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6c594d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/16762-8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5471 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland
+(2 of 6): England (6 of 12), by Raphael Holinshed
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland (2 of 6): England (6 of 12)
+       Richard the First
+
+Author: Raphael Holinshed
+
+Release Date: September 27, 2005 [EBook #16762]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Louise Pryor and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+RICHARD THE FIRST, Second sonne to Henrie the second.
+
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 1. 1189.] [Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] Richard the
+first of that name, and second sonne of Henrie the second, began his
+reigne ouer England the sixt day of Julie, in the yere of our Lord 1189.
+in the seauen and thirteeth yeare of the emperour Frederike the first,
+in the eleuenth yere of the reigne of Philip the second king of France,
+and king William surnamed the Lion as yet liuing in the gouernement of
+Scotland.
+
+This Richard, immediatlie after the solemnities of his fathers funerals
+were ended, made hast to Rouen, where he was ioifullie receiued, and
+proclamed duke of Normandie, receiuing the inuesture according to the
+custome, on the twentith day of Julie. [Sidenote: _Matt. Paris._] Then
+studieng to set all things in good order on that side the sea, he made
+search where his fathers treasure was preserued, and therevpon attached
+Stephan de Turnham, who was seneschall or gouernour (as we may call him)
+of Aniou, [Sidenote: Stephan de Turnham committed to prison.] and
+committing him to prison, compelled him to make deliuerie of all such
+summes of monie as he had hid and laid vp in certeine castels by the
+commandement of the late king his father.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _Polydor._] Whilest he was thus occupied, his
+brother John came to him, to whom he ioifullie gaue the welcome, and
+besides all other things which his father had bequeathed vnto him by his
+testament in England, amounting to the value of foure thousand pounds of
+yearelie rent, with the earledome of Mortaigne, [Sidenote: Isabell
+daughter to the earle of Glocester married to John y^e kings brother.]
+he procured a marriage for him (being now a widower) for his further
+aduancement with the ladie Isabell, daughter to Robert earle of
+Glocester, which earle had appointed the said John to be his heire as
+before is mentioned, although Baldwine the archbishop of Canturburie
+forbad the mariage, [Sidenote: She is named by diuerse authors Hauisia.
+_Matth. Paris._ _R. Houed._] bicause they were coosens in the third
+degree of consanguinitie. To Robert earle of Leicester also he restored
+all his lands which had b�ene taken from him, and such persons as his
+father had disherited, he restored likewise to their former rights and
+possessions, howbeit those had forsaken his father, and taken part with
+him against his said father, he s�emed now so much to mislike, that he
+remooued them vtterlie from his presence, and contrariwise preferred
+such as had continued faithfull vnto his father in time of the troubles.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matt. Paris._] At length, king Richard remembring himselfe
+of his mother qu�ene Elianor, who had b�ene separated from the bed of
+hir husband for the space of sixt�ene yeares, and was as yet deteined in
+prison in England, wrote his letters vnto the rulers of the realme,
+[Sidenote: The kings mother set at libertie.] commanding them to set hir
+againe at libertie, and withall appointed hir by his letters patents, to
+take vpon hir the whole gouernment of the kingdome in his absence. The
+qu�ene being thus deliuered, and hauing now the cheefe authoritie & rule
+in hir hands, rode in progresse about the realme, to s�e the estate
+thereof; and as she passed from place to place, she shewed gladsome
+countenance to the people wheresoeuer she came, dooing also what she
+could to pleasure them, that she might thereby win their good willes to
+hir, and to hir sonne: but speciallie remembring by hir late experience
+and tast thereof, what an irksome & most gr�euous thing imprisonment
+was, she caused the gailes to be opened, and foorthwith set no small
+number of prisoners at libertie by the way as she passed through the
+countries, according to the verse of Virgil,
+    Non ignara mali miseris succurrere disco.
+
+In the meane time, king Richard concluding a league with Philip king of
+France, receiued all those places againe which were taken from his
+father by the same Philip, togither with his wife Adela, whom vpon
+suspicion that she had beene dishonested in hir person before, without
+anie sufficient proofe thereof had, he forsooke, & sent hir home with
+hir dowrie, and otherwise with great and princelie gifts, most
+bountifullie inriched, hauing alreadie concluded a marriage with the
+ladie Berengaria, daughter to Garsias king of Nauarre, who was sent into
+Sicill vnto hir sister Joane, that he might marrie hir there, as he
+passed that waie towards the holie land.
+
+Whilest these things passed thus in these parties, the christians in the
+holie land dailie sent hither for aid, [Sidenote: The 2. kings of
+England & France determine to go into the holie land] wherevpon the two
+kings of France and England tooke counsell togither, and determined with
+all conuenient speed to ioine their powers, & with ships prepared for
+that purpose to saile into Syria. Hauing thus concluded, they went about
+to prepare themselues of necessarie prouision for so long a iournie. Now
+when king Richard had set in order his affaires in Normandie and France,
+he came ouer into England, [Sidenote: At Southhampton the 21 of August
+saith _Ger. Dor._ _Rog. Houed._ _Matth. Paris._] landing at Portesmouth
+the 13. of August. With him also came his brother John, vnto whom he
+assigned the castels of Marlebridge, Lutegareshall, Peake, Bollesour,
+the honor of Wallingford, Tikehill and Eie, with the earledoms of
+Mortaigne, Dorset, Sumerset, Notingham, Derbie, Deuonshire, and
+Cornewall, with the earledome of Lancaster, intituling him earle of the
+same, whereby he was so exalted in state and degree, that he s�emed in
+manner of a tetrarch, hauing as it were a fourth part of the realme in
+gouernance: but yet the king held some of the castels (in those counties
+and honors thus giuen to his brother) in his owne hands. Moreouer, vnto
+William Marshall he gaue in marriage the daughter of Richard earle of
+Chepstow, togither with the earledome which hir father possessed: and to
+Gilbert Fitz Roger the sonne of Rainfrey he gaue the daughter of William
+de Lancaster. After he was landed (as before ye haue heard) he hasted to
+Winchester, where his mother qu�ene Elianor with the most part of the
+English nobilitie had laine a good space to attend his comming, and
+there on the euen of the assumption of our ladie, the king was by them
+receiued with great ioy and triumph.
+
+� Here is to be noted, that whilest the qu�ene and lords laie in
+Winchester waiting for the kings arriuall, Geffrey Riddle the bishop of
+Elie departed this life. He is named by Geruasius Dorobernensis the
+proud bishop of Elie: but he might rather haue named him the rich
+bishop, for he left in his cofers no small quantitie of treasure, of the
+which thr�e thousand and two hundred marks came to the kings part
+towards the charges of his coronation. No maruell though Geruasius spake
+somewhat in his dispraise, for (as he himselfe confesseth) he was no
+fr�end but an enimie to moonks.
+
+But to let this passe, soone after the kings comming into England, he
+was informed that the Welshmen had broken into the English marshes, and
+destroyed certeine townes; to represse whose presumptuous attempts he
+made towards them, but was yet staied for that time, & reuoked by his
+mother. [Sidenote: His fathers treasure.] At Salisburie he found his
+fathers treasure, highlie reioising, for that the summe was far greater
+than he thought it would haue prooued, for besides the pretious stones,
+apparell, and iewels, it was reported he had there the sum of nine
+hundred thousand pounds in readie coine. [Sidenote: _R. Houed._ _Gau.
+Vinsaf._ _Nic. Triuet._ The second of September saith _Ger. Dor._] With
+this good hap king Richard not a little aduanced, came to London on the
+first of September, where he had appointed prouision to be made for his
+coronation, and so calling a councell of the Nobles of the realme, he
+receiued the crowne with all due and accustomed solemnitie, at the hands
+of Baldwin the archbishop of Canturburie, the third daie of September.
+
+[Sidenote: The order of his coronatio. _Matth. Paris._] At his
+coronation, first the archbishops of Canturburie, Roan, Trier, and
+Dublin, which were present, with all the other bishops, abbats, and
+cleargie, apparelled in rich copes, and hauing the crosse, holie water
+and censures carried afore them, came to fetch him vnto the doore of his
+priuie chamber, and there receiuing him, they led him vnto the church at
+Westminster, till he came before the high altar with a solemne
+procession. [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] In the middle of the bishops and
+cleargie went foure barons, bearing candlesticks with tapers, after whom
+came Geffrey de Lucie bearing the cap of maintenance, and John Marshall
+next to him, bearing a great and massiue paire of spurs of gold: then
+followed William Marshall earle of Striguill ali�s Pembroke, who bare
+the roiall scepter, in the top wherof was set a crosse of gold: and
+William de Patrike earle of Salisburie going next him, bare the warder
+or rod, hauing on the top thereof a doue. Then came thr�e other earles,
+Dauid brother to the king of Scots, the earle of Huntington, John the
+kings brother earle of Mortaigne, and Robert earle of Leicester, ech of
+them bearing a sword vpright in his hand with the scabberds richlie
+trimmed and adorned with gold.
+
+The earle of Mortaigne went in the midst betwixt the other two.
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] After them followed six earles and barons,
+bearing a checker table, vpon the which was set the kings scochens of
+armes, and then followed William Mandeuill earle of Albemarle, bearing a
+crowne of gold a great heigth before the king, who followed the same,
+hauing Hugh bishop of Durham on the right hand, and Reignold bishop of
+Bath on the left, ouer whom a canapie was borne: and in this order he
+came into the church at Westminster, where before the high altar in the
+presence of the cleargie & the people, laieng his hand vpon the holie
+euangelists and the relikes of certeine saincts, [Sidenote: The king his
+oth.] he tooke a solemne oth, that he should obserue peace, honour, and
+reuerence to almightie God, to his church, and to the ministers of the
+same all the daies of his life. Also that he should exercise vpright
+iustice to the people committed to his charge, and that he should
+abrogate and disanull all euill lawes and wrongfull customes, if anie
+were to be found within the precinct of his realme, and mainteine those
+that were good and laudable.
+
+This doone, he put off all his garments from the middle vpwards, his
+shirt excepted which was open on the shoulders, that he might be
+annointed. The archbishop of Canturburie annointed him then in thr�e
+places, to wit, on the head, on the shoulders, and on the right arme,
+with praiers in such case accustomed. After this, he couered his head
+with a linnen cloth hallowed, and set his cap aloft thereon; and then
+when he had put on his roiall garments and vppermost robe, the
+archbishop tooke vnto him the sword wherewith he should beat downe the
+enimies of the church; which doone, two earles put his shoes vpon his
+feet, and hauing his mantell put on him, the archbishop forbad him on
+the behalfe of almightie God, not to presume to take vpon him this
+dignitie except he faithfullie meant to performe those things which he
+had there sworne to performe. Wherevnto the king made answer, that by
+Gods grace he would performe them. Then the king tooke the crowne beside
+the altar, and deliuered it to the archbishop, which he set vpon the
+kings head, deliuering to him the scepter to hold in his right hand, and
+the rod roiall in his left hand, & thus being crowned he was brought
+backe by the bishops and barons, with the crosse and candelsticks, and
+three swords passing foorth before him vnto his seat. When the bishop
+that sang the masse came to the offertorie, the two bishops that brought
+him to the church, led him to the altar, and brought him backe againe.
+
+Finallie when masse was doone, and all things ended in order as was
+requisit, he was brought with solemne procession into his chamber, where
+he put off his heauie rich apparell, and put on a crowne and other
+garments more light and easie, and so went to dinner, whereat wanted no
+store of meats & drinks, which were serued out in most princelie and
+bountifull wise.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] Vpon this daie of king Richards coronation,
+the Jewes that dwelt in London and in other parts of the realme, being
+there assembled, had but sorie hap, as it chanced. [Sidenote: The Jewes
+ment to present him with a rich gift.] For they meaning to honour the
+same coronation with their presence, and to present to the king some
+honourable gift, whereby they might declare themselues glad for his
+aduancement, and procure his freendship towards them, for the confirming
+of their priuileges & liberties, according to the grants and charters
+made to them by the former kings: he of a zealous mind to Christes
+religion, [Sidenote: _Matt. Paris._] abhorring their nation (and
+doubting some sorcerie by them to be practised) commanded that they
+should not come within the church when he should receiue the crowne, nor
+within the palace whilest he was at dinner.
+
+But at dinner time, among other that pressed in at the palace gate,
+diuerse of the Jewes were about to thrust in, [Sidenote: A Jew striken.]
+till one of them was striken by a Christian, who alledging the kings
+commandement, kept them backe from comming within the palace. Which some
+of the vnrulie people perceiuing, and supposing it had b�ene doone by
+the kings commandement, tooke lightlie occasion thereof, [Sidenote: The
+people fall vpon the Jewes and beat them.] and falling vpon the Jewes
+with staues, bats and stones, beat them and chased them home to their
+houses and lodgings. H�erewith rose a rumor through the citie, that the
+king had commanded the Jewes to be destroied, and therevpon came running
+togither, to assault them in their houses, which when they could not
+easilie breake vp nor enter, by reason the same were strongly builded,
+[Sidenote: Their houses are set on fire.] they set fire on them, so that
+diuers houses were consumed, not onelie of the Jewes, but also of their
+neighbours, so hideous was the rage of the fire. Here we see that
+    Regis ad exemplum totus componitur orbis.
+
+The king being aduertised of this riotous attempt of the outragious
+people, sent some of his councellours, as Ranulfe de Glanuille lord
+Justice, and other officers to appease the tumult: but their authoritie
+was nothing regarded, nor their persuasions any whit reuerenced, but
+their thretnings rather brought themselues in danger of life among the
+rude sort of those that were about to spoile, rob, and sacke the houses
+and shops of the Jewes: to the better accomplishment of which their
+vnlawfull act, the light that the fire of those houses which burned,
+gaue after it was once night, did minister no small helpe and occasion
+of furtherance. [Sidenote: Jewes burnt to death.] The Jewes that were in
+those houses which were set on fire, were either smoldred and burned to
+death within, or else at their comming foorth most cruellie receiued
+vpon the points of speares, billes, swords and gleaues of their
+aduersaries that watched for them verie diligentlie.
+
+This outrage of the furious and disordered people continued from the
+middest of the one day, till two of the clocke on the other; the commons
+all that while neuer ceassing their furie against that nation, but still
+killing them as they met with any of them, in most horrible, rash and
+vnreasonable maner. At length, rather wearied with their cruell dooings,
+than satisfied with spoile, or mooued with respect of reason or
+reuerence of their prince, they withdrew themselues from their riotous
+enterprise, after they had executed manie vnlawfull and horrible
+enormities. This great riot well deserued sore and gr�euous punishment,
+but yet it passed ouer without correction, in respect of the great
+number of the transgressors, and for that the most part of men for the
+hatred generallie concerned against the obstinate frowardnesse of the
+Jewes, liked the dooings hereof well inough, interpreting it to be a
+good token, that the ioifull daie of the kings aduancement to the crowne
+should be dolefull vnto the Jewes, in bringing them to such slaughter
+and destruction. Finallie, after that the tumult was ceassed, the king
+commanded that no man should hurt or harme any of the Jewes, and so they
+were restored to peace, after they had susteined infinit damage.
+
+� The occasion of this tragedie and bloudie tumult (redounding to the
+Jewes great vexation and pitifull distresse, but to the satisfieng of
+the peoples furious and vnbridled pronesse to crueltie) sprang
+principallie from the king, who if he had not so lightlie esteemed of
+the Jewes when they repaired vnto him with their present, in signe of
+submission and hope of obteining their sute then purposed to be
+exhibited; this hurlie burlie had not insued. For it was a violent
+example & a mightie motiue to the people to maligne the Jewes; as also a
+hart-gr�efe to them in respect of their reiection, when the prince gaue
+them so discourteous a repulse. Here therefore is to be obserued, that
+the people is the princes ape, as one verie well saith. For looke
+whereto he is inclined, note wherein he delighteth; the same is the
+practise of the people: in consideration whereof the mightie ones of the
+world haue speciall cause to haue an eie to their course of life, & to
+set caueats before their actions, that the people may in them s�e none
+but good signes of commendable & vertuous imitation. For
+    [Sidenote: _Pal. in suo sag._]
+        ---- regis imago
+    Vulgus, & ad mores accedere principis optat.
+    Qualis enim rex est talis quoque subditus illi
+    Esse solet populus, studijsque tenetur ijsdem.
+
+[Sidenote: A councell at Pipewell.] Shortlie after, to wit, the 15. day
+of September, a councell was holden at Pipewell, where the bishops and
+abbats being assembled, there were in presence of the king and of the
+archbishop of Canturburie elected certeine bishops and abbats to such
+places as then were vacant: and amongst other, William de Longchampe the
+kings chancellor was elected to the s�e of Elie, [Sidenote: _Wil.
+Paruus._] Geffrey the kings bastard brother vnto the archbishoprike of
+Yorke, who was the 32. in number that had gouerned the same, Geffrey de
+Lucie to Winchester, one Hubert Walter to Salisburie, and Richard
+archdeacon of Elie, and the kings treasurer to the see of London. The
+abbeies that were prouided of abbats were these, Glastenburie,
+Shirborne, Persore and Feuersham. [Sidenote: The bishop of Whitherne
+consecrated. _Rog. Houed._] In like manner, John the elect of Whitherne
+was consecrated bishop of that see, by the hands of the archbishop of
+Dublin. Also in this councell the king ordeined Hugh bishop of Durham,
+and William Mandeuille earle of Albemarle, lord ch�efe iustices of
+England, hauing deposed Ranulfe de Glanuille from that roome.
+
+Moreouer, the king being thus established in the estate of the kingdome,
+did not forget his iournie which he had promised into the holie land,
+but with all diligence made his prouision, and namelie he sought to
+gather monie to furnish his charges, and so therevpon leuied a tax,
+engaged, sold, and let to farme his lands, tols, customs, and other his
+reuenewes, [Sidenote: _Matt. Par._] with certeine counties and offices,
+so that he made an exceeding summe of monie. He also found, that Ranulfe
+de Glanuille lord ch�efe iustice, and other of the head magistrates had
+not behaued themselues vprightlie in the administration of their
+offices; so that he both deposed the said lord cheefe iustice as is
+aforesaid, and almost all the shiriffes and their deputies within the
+realme of England, putting them to greeuous fines for their offenses and
+transgressions, and so by that meanes he got no small deale of monie.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] � Here note by the waie, how William Paruus
+affirmeth, that where this Ranulfe Glanuille, being a man of high
+wisedome and stept into age, saw that, manie things were doone by the
+new king, not so aduisedlie, nor with such foresight as they ought to
+be, sought of his owne accord to be discharged of his office, that he
+might the better prepare himselfe to go in that iournie to the holie
+land, as by taking vpon him the crosse he had vowed in the daies of king
+Henrie, and so he solemnelie renounced his office, which other (nothing
+so worthie of it) did afterwards inioy.
+
+Moreouer, the king vnderstanding that Hugh Putsey or Pudsey bishop of
+Durham, being a verie aged man, had much monie, [Sidenote: The bishop of
+Durham Sadberge.] he sold to him the manour of Seggesfield or Sadberge,
+with the wapentake belonging to the same, and also found meanes to
+persuade him to buy his owne prouince, which he did, giuing to the king
+an inestimable summe of monie, [Sidenote: The bishop of Durham made an
+earle.] and was therevpon created an earle by the king for the same:
+wherevpon he was intituled both bishop and earle of Durham, whereat the
+king would iest afterwards and saie; "What a cunning craftesman am I,
+that haue made a new earle of an old bishop?"
+
+Furthermore, the same bishop gaue to the king a thousand markes to be
+made ch�efe iustice of England, and that he might tarrie at home, and
+not go into the holie land. And bicause he would not be reprooued of any
+person, he obteined of the apostolike s�e (which faileth no man that is
+surcharged with white or red mettall, and would be eased) a licence for
+a summe of monie to be dispensed with for that iournie. The king thus
+being earnestlie bent to make commoditie of those things, for the which
+he might get any monie at all, [Sidenote: The citizens of London present
+monie to the King. _Polydor._ Liberties granted to London. Two
+bailiffes.] the citizens of London presented vnto him a great summe
+towards the furnishing foorth of his enterprise. Wherevpon to acquite
+their courtesie, he granted them large priuileges, and ordeined that the
+citie should be ruled by two head officers, which they should choose
+amongst themselues remoueable from yeare to yeare by the name of
+bailiffes. The names of the two first bailiffes chosen by force of that
+ordinance, were[1] Henrie Cornehill, and Richard Fitz Reiner.
+
+The citie before those daies euer since the comming in of William
+Conquerour, and a good while before his time, [Sidenote: Port Greues.]
+was gouerned by certeine officers or rulers named Port Greues (which
+word is deriued of two Saxon words, as Port and Greue. By Port is meant
+a towne, and by Greue a gardian or ruler, as who should saie, A k�eper
+or ruler of a towne.) These rulers with[2] the lawes & customes then
+vsed within this citie, were registered in a booke called (as some haue
+said) Doomesdaie, but through negligence after these lawes and customes
+were changed and altered, the booke was lost, so that the remembrance of
+such rulers as were before the daies of this Richard the first are not
+to be had. These bailiffes euer entred at Michaelmasse, and so continued
+foorth their yeare.
+
+Thus began the citie first to receiue the forme and state of a
+common-wealth, and to be diuided into felowships, which they call crafts
+or corporations. Such also are admitted to the fellowships of these
+companies, [Sidenote: Apprentises.] as haue truelie serued as
+apprentises a certeine number of yeares, as seuen at the least, vnder
+which time of seruice expired, there is none made fr�e, nor suffered to
+inioy the liberties of that citie, sauing such as are borne free,
+[Sidenote: Fr�emen.] that is to saie, of fr�emen within the citie, of
+whome at this time, it is not much materiall to make any further report.
+The citie thus consisting of the said craftes or occupations, chooseth
+out of the same a senat or companie of graue councellours, whom they
+name Aldermen (E) changed into (A) according to the old Saxon
+pronuntiation. [Sidenote: Wards.] It is also diuided into 26. tribes or
+wards, of the which euerie one hath his seuerall Alderman, or ouerseer,
+who haue both authoritie sufficient, and large priuileges to mainteine
+the good gouernement of their portions withall. Out of the number of
+these, there is another officer yearelie chosen and appointed,
+[Sidenote: The Maior.] called the Maior, who ruleth all the rest.
+
+But now to returne vnto the further dooings of king Richard before his
+departure out of England towards his iournie into the land of Palestine,
+commonlie called Holie land, it is said, he made such sale of things
+apperteining to him, as well in right of the crowne, as otherwise,
+[Sidenote: K. Richard setteth things on sale. _Ran. Higd._ _Wil.
+Paruus._] that it s�emed to diuerse he made his reckoning neuer to
+returne againe, in so much that some of his councellours told him
+plainelie, that he did not well in making things awaie so freelie, to
+the dishonoring of his maiestie, and preiudice of his successour; vnto
+whome he answered, "that in time of need it was no euill policie for a
+man to help himselfe with his owne," and further ioined hereto these
+words, "that if London at that time of n�ed would be bought, he would
+surelie sell it, if he might m�et with a conuenient merchant that were
+able to giue him monie inough for it."
+
+Another way he had also to gather riches, and that was this. He had a
+licence of pope Innocent the third, to dispense with such as pleased him
+within his realme, for their vowes made to go into the holie land,
+although they had taken on them the crosse for that purpose, namelie
+such as he should appoint to remaine behind him for the defense of his
+countrie: and of these also he tooke abundantlie, and diuerse other he
+compelled to fine, namelie, to the end that he might get their monie
+likewise, that hereby he obteined no small summe toward the furniture of
+his iournie. But both pope & prince forgat in the meane while, that
+    Boni pastoris est tondere pecus non excoriare.
+
+This yeare also in the moneth of Nouember, as Matthew Paris saith,
+Johannes de Anagnia a cardinall and legat from the pope arriued here in
+England, comming on land at Douer, and bicause the king was as then in
+the north parts, the same cardinall was prohibited on the behalfe of the
+kings mother qu�ene Elianor, to passe any further without the kings
+commandement. And so he staied there thirt�ene daies at the charges of
+the archbishop of Canturburie, till the king came to those parties, by
+whose wisedome a direction was taken for the quieting of the
+controuersie betwixt the archbishop, and the moonkes of Canturburie, for
+the chappell church of Hakington now called S. Stephans.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._] In the same moneth of Nouember, by the kings
+appointment, Geffrey the elect of Yorke, who was the kings brother, with
+other barons and lords of Yorkeshire, [Sidenote: William king of Scots.]
+receiued William king of Scotland at the water of Tweed, and from thence
+with all due reuerence and honour they brought him vnto Canturburie,
+[Sidenote: A councell called at Canturburie. _Polydor._ An oth. _Matth.
+Paris._] where the king had called a councell of the lords of his realme
+both spirituall and temporall, in the which euerie of them tooke an oth
+to be true to the king, and to continue in due obedience vnder him and
+his lawes, which oth also the king of Scots receiued, being there
+present, and likewise king Richards brethren earle John and Geffrey the
+archbishop of Yorke.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _Polydor._] The king of Scots therefore
+hauing receiued this oth, and thinking the time to serue his purpose for
+red�eming of those castels, which were deliuered to king Henrie as gages
+for his ransome, paid now vnto king Richard ten thousand markes,
+[Sidenote: Restitution made to the K. of Scots. _Wil. Paruus._] and had
+restitution for the same, that is of Berwike, Roxburgh, Sterling, and
+Edenburgh. But William Paruus saieth, that Edenburgh was restored to him
+in the daies of king Henrie, by reason of his wife which he tooke in the
+parties beyond the seas: and herewith agr�eth the Scotish chronicle.
+King Richard also assigned to queene Elianor his mother, the accustomed
+dower, with manie lordships and honours beside, as an augmentation
+thereof. [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] About which time died William de
+Mandeuille earle of Albemarle at Rouen, and Hugh de Putsey the nephue of
+the bishop of Durham died at Aclet, and was buried at Durham. [Sidenote:
+_N. Triuet._] Also Formalis archbishop of Trier died at Northampton, and
+was there buried in the church of S. Andrews.
+
+In the meane time, king Richard still desirous to furnish himselfe with
+monie, deuised yet another shift, and feigned that he had lost his
+seale; wherefore he commanded a new to be made, which being doone, he
+caused it to be proclaimed and published in euerie countrie, [Sidenote:
+_Matth. Paris._] that those to whome he had granted any thing by his
+d�ed or charter, meaning to inioy the same in suretie, should not thinke
+it much to come and haue it confirmed by his new seale, least afterward
+the other being lost, their lawfull titles might be called into
+question. Wherevpon manie that could not come to him whilest he was in
+England, were glad to follow him, and saile ouer into Normandie, and
+there to fine at his pleasure for the new seale, to the end that their
+writings might be confirmed thereby, and made so much the more sure to
+them and their successours. For the same businesse also Remigius the
+prior of S. Albons, and manie other went ouer to their great costs,
+charges, and trauell, after he was transported into France.
+
+I find moreouer about the same time, that the kings brother earle John
+exhibited a sore complaint against the Romane legat and other bishops,
+for that the archbishop of Canturburie, after the appeale made vnto the
+apostolike sea, had put his lands vnder interdiction for his mariage
+made with the earle of Glocesters daughter: which when the legat heard,
+he foorthwith confirmed the appeale, and released the earles lands of
+the aforesaid interdiction. The same time also, the tenth part of all
+the mooueable goods thorough the realme of England was leuied to the aid
+of the warres in the holie land. And this collection passing vnder the
+name of an almes, was extended vpon the goods as well of the spirituall
+men as temporall.
+
+After all this, K. Richard desirous to set order in the gouernment of
+his realme, [Sidenote: Hugh bishop of Durham gouerneth the north parts.
+_Matth. Paris._] appointed Hugh bishop of Durham to haue the rule of the
+north parts as cheefe iustice from Humber northwards toward Scotland,
+deliuering vnto him also the keeping of Winchester castell: the residue
+of the kingdome (with the custodie of the towre) he assigned to the
+gouernance of William Longchampe bishop of Elie, [Sidenote: William
+Logchampe bishop of Elie.] whome he had made cheefe iustice of that
+part, and chancellour of the realme, a man of great diligence and
+knowledge in the administration of things, but verie factious and
+desirous of rule, honour and riches farre aboue all measure. And with
+these two he ioined in commission Hugh Bardulfe, William Marshall earle
+of Chepstow, or rather Penbrooke, Geffrey Fitz-Peter, & William Brewer,
+men of great honour, wisedome, and discretion.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ King Richard passeth ouer in to Normandie.] On
+the fift day of December, he departed from Canturburie, and went to
+Douer, there to take water, and so on the eleuenth day of December he
+passed ouer vnto Calice, where he found Philip earle of Flanders readie
+to receiue him, who attended vpon him till he came into Normandie,
+[Sidenote: 1190.] where the king held his Christmas at Burun, [Sidenote:
+_Vadum sancti Remigij._ A league betwixt y^e kings of England and
+France.] and immediatlie came to an enteruiew with the French king at
+Gue S. Remige, where they concluded peace togither, to be kept betwixt
+them & their countries on ech part; the which was put in writing, and
+confirmed with their oths and seales in the feast of saint Hilarie.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._] Furthermore, about the purification of our
+ladie, Elianor the qu�ene mother, and the ladie Alice sister to the
+French king, Baldwine archbishop of Canturburie, John bishop of
+Norwhich, Hugh bishop of Durham, Geffrey bishop of Winchester, Reignold
+bishop of Bath, William Bishop of Elie, Hubert bishop of Salisburie, and
+Hugh bishop of Chester, with Geffrey the elect of Yorke and John earle
+of Mortaigne the kings two brethren, by commandement of the king passed
+ouer into Normandie, to commen with him before his setting forward.
+
+� Some write, that now at this present, the king should ordeine or
+rather confirme the bishop of Elie his chancellour to be lord ch�efe
+iustice ouer all England, and the bishop of Durham to be lord iustice
+from Trent northwards. [Sidenote: Contention betwixt two ambitious
+bishops.] But whensoeuer they were thus aduanced to such dignities,
+howsoeuer they came by them, directlie or indirectlie, true it is, that
+immediatlie therevpon, strife and discord did arise betwixt them: for
+waxing proud and insolent, they disdained ech other, contending which of
+them should bare most rule and authoritie, insomuch that whatsoeuer
+s�emed good to the one, the other misliked, as in cases where[3]
+parteners in authoritie are equall, it often happeneth. The like hereof
+is noted before betw�ene the archbishops of Canturburie and Yorke in
+diuerse kings reignes. For the nature of ambition is to delight in
+singularitie, to admit no peere, to giue place to no superior, to
+acknowledge no equall. Hereto alludeth the poet verie neatlie, and
+exemplifieth it in the old Romans, the order of whose actions is
+continued at this day, as by the words insuing may be gathered, and
+ordinarilie obserued booth here and elsewhere;
+    [Sidenote: _M. Pal. in sua virg._]
+                                 ---- olim
+    Romulid� orabant, iacto post terga pudore
+    Plebeios, quoties suffragia venabantur,
+    Cerdon�mq; animos precibus seruilibus atq;
+    Turpibus obsequijs captabant, munerib�sq;
+    Vt proprijs rebus curarent publica omissis;
+    P�rq; forum medium multis comitantibus irent,
+    Inflati vt vento folles, ac fronte superba, &c.
+
+Moreouer, at the same time he caused his two brethren, earle John, and
+Geffrey the elect archbishop of Yorke to take an oth not to returne into
+England during the terme of thr�e yeares next insuing, without his
+consent and licence first had. This he did, fores�eing what might
+happen, prouiding as it were against such practises as his brethren
+might happilie attempt against him. But yet his mother qu�ene Elianor
+procured him to reuoke that decree immediatlie, least it might seeme to
+the world, that hir sonnes should stand in feare one of another.
+[Sidenote: Erle John licenced to returne into England.] And so the earle
+of Mortaigne was licenced to returne into England at his pleasure,
+swearing an oth at his departure to obeie the kings beheast, and truelie
+to serue him, according to the dutie of a good and loiall subiect. The
+bishop of Elie lord chancellour and cheefe iustice of England was also
+sent backe hither into this realme, to set forward things behoouefull
+for the kings iournie.
+
+[Sidenote: The bishop of Elie returneth.] In like maner the king sent to
+Rome to obteine that the said bishop of Elie might be constituted the
+popes legat through both the prouinces of Canturburie and Yorke, and
+likewise through Wales and Ireland. Which was soone granted by the
+bulles of pope Clement the third, bearing date the 5. of June. For the
+which office the bishops gaue him 1500. marks, to the great offense of
+the king, as he shewed afterward to cardinall Octauian that came to
+visit him when he arriued in the riuer of Tiber, being vpon his iourneie
+towards Messina, as after may appeare. But in the meanetime, calling
+togither the lords, and peeres of those his dominions on that side the
+sea, [Sidenote: _Polydor._] to wit, Normandie, Britaine, Aniou, Poitou,
+and Guien, he consulted with them what number of soldiors and how many
+ships it should be conuenient for him to take with him and furnish into
+Asia: and herewith he did command them also to obeie Robert earle of
+Leicester, whome he appointed to remaine amongst them as his lieutenant
+or vicegerent of those parts during his absence.
+
+� But here to leaue king Richard in consultation for matters
+appertaining to his iournie, and shew brieflie what happened (by the
+waie) to the Jewes, [Sidenote: _W. Paruus._] which as then dwelt heere
+in England, after that king Richard was passed ouer into Normandie: ye
+haue heard how after the riot against them at London, when the king was
+crowned, he tooke order that they should remaine in peace vnder his
+protection, and commanded that no person should in anie wise molest
+them. But now after that he was gone ouer, and that the souldiers (which
+prepared themselues to follow him) began to assemble in routs, the heads
+of the common people began to wax wild and faine would they haue had
+some occasion of raising a new tumult against the Jewes, [Sidenote: The
+hatred borne to the Jewes.] whome (for their vnmercifull vsurie
+practised to the vndooing of manie an honest man) they most deadlie
+hated, wishing most earnestlie their expulsion out of England. Hervpon
+by reason of a riot committed latelie against them, at the towne of Lin
+in Norfolke, where manie of them were slaine, other people in other
+parts of the realme, taking occasion hereat, as if they had b�ene called
+vp by the sound of a bell or trumpet, arose against them in those townes
+where they had any habitations, and robbed and bet them after a
+disordered and most riotous maner.
+
+[Sidenote: _Iohn Textor._] As at Stamford (on the faire day in Lent); at
+Lincolne and at Yorke, in which citie after a number of them had b�ene
+besieged certeine daies within a towre of the kings (whither they fled
+for succour) one of their learned gouernours caused foure hundred of
+their companie to consent to haue their throts cut one at an others
+hands, [Sidenote: Fiue hundred saith _Houeden_ and _Textor_] he himselfe
+cutting his wiues throt first, whose name was Anna, then his childrens,
+one after another, and last of all slue himselfe onelie rather than he
+would fall into the hands of the christians, that had thus long besieged
+them. The rest perceiuing what their great Rabbi had doone, set fire
+vpon all their goods and substance, which they had gotten into the tower
+with them, and so consuming the same, would haue burnt also the residue
+of their fellowes which would not agr�e to the Rabbies counsell, in the
+cruell murthering of themselues, if they had not taken a strong turret
+hard by within that tower, and defended themselues both from the fire
+and crueltie of their brethren, who had made awaie themselues in such
+manner as I haue said: and that to the number of foure hundred, or (as
+some write) fiue hundred at the least.
+
+On the morow, those that were saued, called out to the people, and not
+onelie shewed how and after what sort their fellowes were dispatched,
+but also offered to be baptised, and forsake their Judaisme, if they
+might haue their liues saued from the imminent & present danger wherein
+they saw themselues to be wrapped, through the furie of the people. To
+be short, this thing was granted, and they came foorth, howbeit they
+were no sooner entred into the prease, but they were all slaine, and not
+one man of them preserued.
+
+After this also, the people ran to the cathedrall church, and broke into
+those places where their bonds and obligations laie, by the which they
+had diuerse of the kings subiects bound vnto them in most vnconscionable
+sort, and for such detestable vsurie as (if the authors that write
+thereof were not of credit) would hardlie be beleeued. All which
+euidences or bonds they solemnelie burned in the middest of the church.
+After which, ech went his waie, the souldiers to the king, and the
+commons to their houses, and so was the citie quieted. This happened at
+Yorke on Palmesundaie eeue, being the 17. of March: and vpon the 15. of
+that moneth, those that inhabited in the towne of S. Edmundsburie in
+Suffolke, were set vpon, and manie of them slaine. The residue that
+escaped, through the procurement of the abbat then named Samson, were
+expelled, so that they neuer had anie dwellings there since that time.
+
+Thus were the Jewes vnmercifullie dealt with in all places in maner
+through this realme, the first beginning whereof chanced at London (as
+before ye haue heard) and the next at Lin, of which I thinke it good to
+note some part of the maner therof, although breeflie, and so to returne
+to my purpose. The occasion therefore of the tumult at Lin chanced by
+this meanes: it fortuned that one of the Jewes there was become a
+christian, wherewith those of his nation were so mooued, that they
+determined to kill him where soeuer they might find him. And herevpon
+they set vpon him one daie as he came by, through the streets: he to
+escape their hands fled to the next church; but his countriemen were so
+desirous to execute their malicious purpose, that they followed him
+still, and inforced themselues to breake into the church vpon him.
+Herewith the noise being raised by the christians that sought to saue
+the conuerted Jew, a number of mariners being forreners, that were
+arriued there with their vessells out of sundrie parts, and diuerse also
+of the townesmen came to the rescue, and setting vpon the Jewes, caused
+them to flee into their houses.
+
+The townesmen were not verie earnest in pursuing of them, bicause of the
+kings proclamation and ordinance before time made in fauour of the
+Jewes: [Sidenote: The slaughter made of the Jews at Lin.] but the
+mariners followed them to their houses, slue diuerse of them, robbed and
+sacked their goods, and finallie set their dwellings on fire, and so
+burnt them vp altogither. These mariners being inriched with the spoile
+of the Jewes goods, and fearing to be called to accompt for their
+vnlawfull act by the kings officers, got them foorthwith to shipboord,
+and hoising vp sailes, departed with their ships to the sea, and so
+escaped the danger of that which might haue b�ene otherwise laid to
+their charge. The townesmen being called to an accompt excused
+themselues by the mariners, burdening them with all the fault. But
+although they of Lin were thus excused, yet they of Yorke escaped not so
+easilie. For the king being aduertised of such outrage, doone contrarie
+to the order of his lawes and expresse commandement, wrote ouer to the
+bishop of Elie his chancellour, charging him to take cruell punishment
+of the offenders.
+
+The bishop with an armie went to Yorke, but the cheefe authors of the
+riot hearing of his comming, fled into Scotland: yet the bishop at his
+comming to the citie, caused earnest inquirie to be made of the whole
+matter. The citizens excused themselues, & offered to proue that they
+were not of counsel with them that had committed the riot, neither had
+they aided nor comforted them therein an anie maner of wise. And in d�ed
+the most part of them that were the offenders, were of the countries and
+townes n�ere to the citie, with such as were crossed into the holie
+land, and now gone ouer to the king, so that verie few or none of the
+substantiall men of the citie were found to haue ioined with them.
+[Sidenote: The citizens of Yorke put to their fine for slaughter of the
+Jewes.] Howbeit this would not excuse the citizens, but that they were
+put to their fine by the stout Bishop, euerie of them paieng his portion
+according to his power and abilitie in substance, the common sort of the
+poore people being pardoned, and not called into iudgement, sith the
+ringleaders were fled and gone out of the waie: and thus much by waie of
+digression touching the Jews.
+
+Now to returne vnto the king, who in this meane time was verie busie to
+prouide all things necessarie to set forward on his iournie; his ships
+which laie in the mouth of the riuer of Saine, being readie to put off,
+he tooke order in manie points concerning the state of the common-wealth
+on that side, and ch�efelie he called to mind, that it should be a thing
+necessarie for him, to name who should succeed him in the kingdome of
+England, if his chance should not be to returne againe from so long and
+dangerous a iournie. [Sidenote: _Matt. West._] He therefore named (as
+some suppose) his nephue Arthur, the sonne of his brother Geffrey duke
+of Britaine, to be his successour in the kingdome, a yoong man of a
+likelie proofe and princelie towardnesse, but not ordeined by God to
+succ�ed ouer this kingdome.
+
+About the same time the bishop of Elie, lord chancellour and cheefe
+iustice of England, tooke vp to the kings vse, of euerie citie in
+England two palfries and two sumpter horsses, & of euerie abbeie one
+palfrie and one sumpter horsse, & euerie manour within the realme found
+also one palfrie and one sumpter horsse. Moreouer, the said bishop of
+Elie, deliuered the gouernement of Yorkeshire to his brother Osbert de
+Longchampe: and all those knights of the said shire, the which would not
+come to make answer to the law vpon summons giuen them, he commanded to
+be apprehended and by and by cast in prison. Also when the bishop of
+Durham was returned from the king and come ouer into England to go vnto
+his charge, at his meeting with the lord chancellour at Elie
+(notwithstanding that he shewed him his letters patents of the grant
+made to him to be iustice from Trent northward) the said lord
+chancellour taking his iournie to Southwell with him, [Sidenote: The
+bishop of Durham restreined of libertie.] there deteined him as
+prisoner, till he had made surrender to him of the castell of Windsor, &
+further had deliuered to him his sonnes, Henrie de Putsey, and Gilbert
+de la Ley, as pledges that he should keepe the peace against the king
+and all his subiects, vntill the said prince should returne from the
+holie land. And so he was deliuered for that time, though shortlie
+after, and whilest he remained at Houeden, there came to him Osbert de
+Longchampe the lord chancellours brother, and William de Stuteuille, the
+which caused the said bishop to find sufficient suretie that he should
+not thence depart without the kings licence, or the lord chancellors, so
+long as the king should be absent. Herevpon the bishop of Durham sent
+knowledge to the king how and in what sort he had b�ene handled by the
+chancellor.
+
+In the meane time the king was gone into Gascoigne, [Sidenote: William
+de Chisi.] where he besieged a castell that belonged to one William de
+Chisi, and tooke both the castell and the owner, whome he caused to be
+hanged for the spoiles and robberies which he had committed vpon
+pilgrims that passed by those parts toward Compostella, to visit the
+bodie of saint James. After this, the king came backe vnto Chinon in
+Aniou, [Sidenote: The kings nauie is set foorth.] and there tooke order
+for the setting foorth of his nauie by sea, ouer which he appointed
+ch�efe gouernours Gerard archbishop of Aux, Bernard bishop of Baieux,
+[Sidenote: Baion. Sablius, or Sabuille.] Robert de Sablius, Richard de
+Camuille[4], and William de Fortz de Vlerun, commanding all those that
+should passe foorth with his said nauie, to be obedient vnto these
+persons as his deputies and lieutenants. Herewith they were appointed to
+prouide victuals to serue all those that should go by sea for the space
+of 60 daies.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] The king also made the same time certeine
+ordinances to be obserued among the seafaring men which tended to this
+effect:
+
+     [Sidenote: Slaiers of men.]
+     1 First, that if any man chanced to slea an other on the
+     shipboord, he should be bound to the dead bodie and so throwne
+     into the sea.
+
+     2 Secondlie, if he killed him on land, he should yet be bound to
+     him as before, and so buried quicke togither.
+
+     [Sidenote: Brallers. Punishment for blouddrawers.]
+     3 Thirdlie, if any man should be conuicted by lawfull witnesse,
+     that he drew any weapon to strike any other, or chanced by
+     striking at any man to draw bloud of him that was smitten, he
+     should lose his hand.
+
+     4 Fourthlie, if he gaue but a blowe with his fist without
+     bloudshedding, he should be plunged three seuerall times ouer
+     head and eares in the water.
+
+     [Sidenote: Reuilers.]
+     5 Fifthlie, if any man reuiled another, he should for euerie time
+     so misusing himselfe, forfeit an ounce of siluer.
+
+     [Sidenote: Theft and pickeries.]
+     6 Sixtlie, that if anie man were taken with theft or pickerie,
+     and thereof conuicted, he should haue his head polled, and hot
+     pitch powred vpon his pate, and vpon that, the feathers of some
+     pillow or cushion shaken aloft, that he might thereby be knowne
+     for a theefe, and at the next arriuall of the ships to any land,
+     be put foorth of the companie to seeke his aduenture, without all
+     hope of returne vnto his fellowes.
+
+These were the statutes which this famous prince did enact at the first
+for his nauie, which sithens that time haue been verie much inlarged.
+About the same time John Bishop of Whiterne in Scotland, suffragane to
+the church of Yorke, ordeined Geffrey archbishop of Yorke, pr�est.
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] At the same season also the election of the
+same Geffrey was confirmed by pope Clement, who among other things that
+he wrote to the chapiter of Yorke on his behalfe, in the end he addeth
+these words: "We do therefore admonish you all, and by the apostolicall
+bulles command you, that you exhibit both reuerence and honour vnto him
+as vnto your prelat, that thereby you may appeare commendable both
+before God and man. Giuen at Lateran in the nones of March and third
+yeare of our gouernment."
+
+Whilest these things were in dooing, there came into France legats from
+the said Clement, to mooue the two kings to make all the sp�ed possible
+towards their iourneie, bicause of the great danger wherein things stood
+in Palestine, requiring present helpe. Herevpon king Richard (his men
+and prouision being readie) commanded that his ships should set forward,
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._ King Richard set forward on his iournie. _Rog.
+Houed._] & to coast about by the streicts of Giberalterre to come vnto
+Marseilles, where he appointed to m�et them, and so with a chosen
+companie of men he also set foorth thitherwards by land, and comming to
+Tours, receiued the scrip and staffe as a pilgrime should, at the hands
+of the archbishop there.
+
+After this, both the kings of England and France met at Vizeley in the
+octaues of the natiuitie of S. John Baptist, and when they had remained
+there two daies they passed foorth to the citie of Lion; [Sidenote: An.
+Reg. 2.] where the two kings departed in sunder, and each one kept his
+iournie, the one toward Guenes, where his nauie was appointed to come to
+him, and the other to Marseilles, there to m�et with his fl�et,
+according to his appointment. [Sidenote: The English fl�et staied by
+contrarie winds.] But the English ships being let and staied by the way
+by contrarie winds and rigorous tempests, which tossed them[5] to and
+fro vpon the coasts of Spaine, could not come in any conuenient time
+vnto Marseilles, [Sidenote: Twentie gallies & twelue other vessels saith
+_Houed._] so that king Richard thinking long to tarrie for them, &
+perceiuing they could not k�epe their appointed time, he hired ships
+from all places thereabouts, and embarking himselfe and his men in the
+same, [Sidenote: Vpon the seauenth day of August saith _Houeden_.] vpon
+saint Laurence euen, sailed foorth towards Sicile, where he was
+appointed to m�et with king Philip.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] Here is to be noted, that king Richard made
+not all that iourneie from Marseilles to Messina by sea, but sundrie
+times comming on land, hired horsses, and rode foorth alongst the coast,
+appointing with his ships and gallies where to meet him, and sometimes
+he rested certeine daies togither in one place or other as at
+Portdelphin, at Naples, and at Salerne, from whence there departed from
+him Baldwine archbishop of Canturburie, Hubert bishop of Salisburie, and
+the lord Ranulfe de Glanuille, the which taking vpon them to go before,
+with prosperous wind and weather in short space landed at Acon, which
+was then besieged, as you shall heare hereafter.
+
+At Rome the king came not, but being within the streame of the riuer of
+Tiber, there came to him a cardinall named Octauianus, bishop of Hostia,
+[Sidenote: King Richard blameth the court of Rome for couetousnesse.] to
+whome be spake manie reprochfull words of the couetousnesse vsed in the
+court of Rome (a vice reputed the common nursse of all misch�efes, as
+one verie well noteth,
+    Vbi auaritia est, habitant ferm� omnia ibidem
+    Flagitia, impietas, periuria, furta, rapin�,
+    Fraudes atq; doli, insidi�q; & proditiones,
+    Iurgia & infand� c�des, &c.)
+Bicause they had receiued seauen hundred marks for the consecration of
+the bishop of Mauns, and 1500. marks for the confirming of the bishop of
+Elie the popes legat. And againe no small summe of monie they had
+receiued of the archbishop of Burdeaux, when vpon an accusation brought
+against him by the cleargie of his prouince he should haue b�ene
+deposed. In the meane time whiles king Richard thus passed forward
+towards Messina, the nauie that was appointed to coast about Spaine and
+to m�et him at Marseilles, was tossed (as before is said) with wind and
+tempests, and a part thereof, that is, to wit, ten ships driuen here and
+there on the coasts of Spaine, of which number nine arriued at Lisbone
+and the tenth being a ship of London arriued at the citie of Sylua,
+which was then the vttermost citie of Spaine, that was inhabited with
+christians.
+
+The Saracens at that time made warres against the king of Portingale, so
+that the Portingales stood in n�ed of aid, in so much that they of Sylua
+did not onelie intreat the Englishmen to staie with them for a time, but
+also got grant of them to breake their ship, with the timber whereof
+they might the better fortifie their towne, promising that their king
+should recompense them with an other as good as theirs, and also further
+satisfie them for their seruice, during the time of their abode therein
+defense of that citie. Likewise of those that arriued at Lisbone there
+went to the number of fiue hundred vnto saint Iranes, [Sidenote: The king
+of Portingale.] where the king of Portingale then was, looking to be
+assaulted by his enimies: [Sidenote: Almiramumoli king of the Saracens.]
+but by the counterfet[6] death of the great K. of the Saracens named
+Boiac Almiramumoli (who feared these new succours, and doubted the
+sequele of his dooings, to the end he might depart with honour, he
+fained himselfe dead) the king of Portingale was for that time
+presentlie deliuered out of danger.
+
+Herevpon he returned to Lisbone, where he found three score and thr�e
+other ships of king Richards nauie there newlie arriued, [Sidenote:
+Robert de Sabuuille. Richard de Camuille.] ouer the which were ch�efe
+capteins Robert de Sabuuille, and Richard de Camuille: which at their
+comming to land could not so gouerne their people, but that some
+naughtie fellowes amongst them fell to breaking and robbing of orchards:
+some also entring into the citie, behaued themselues verie disorderlie.
+But yet by the comming of the king, their lewdnesse was staied; so that
+he seemed not to s�eke reuenge of the pilgrims, but rather with
+courteous meanes to bridle their vnlawfull attempts: wherevnto the
+diligence of the English capteines not a little preuailed for a while,
+but yet for all that could be done on both sides, within three daies
+after, a new tumult was raised betwixt the English pilgrims and the
+townesmen, and diuerse hurt and killed on either part.
+
+[Sidenote: A mutinie betwixt the Englishmen and the townsmen of
+Lisbone.] Wherevpon the king caused the gates of the citie to be shut,
+and all those that were come from the ships into the citie to eat and
+drinke (being in number about seauen hundred) were apprehended and
+committed to ward: [Sidenote: Englishmen committed to prison.] and
+before they could be released, sir Robert Sabuuille and sir Richard
+Camuille were glad to agree with the king, so as all former offenses
+being remitted, and things taken by either part restored, the Englishmen
+promised to obserue the peace against the king of Portingale and his
+people; and he likewise couenanted for him and his subiects, that they
+should k�epe the peace against all pilgrims that went foorth in this
+voiage, and vse them like his fr�ends, and thus the quarell ceased.
+
+Soone after, the English nauie departed from Lisbone, and came into the
+mouth of the riuer of Taie, betw�ene Caperico and Belem, where the same
+daie on saint James �eue the lord William de Forzdulerun arriued also
+with thr�e and thirtie other ships, [Sidenote: The English ships m�et
+togither.] and so then they were in all about an hundred and six sailes
+verie well furnished and manned, and so from thence taking their course
+towards Marseilles, finallie they arriued there in the octaues of the
+assumption of our ladie; and staieng there an eight daies (till they had
+repaired such things about their ships as were n�edfull) they set
+forward againe, and came to Messina in Sicile in the feast of the
+exaltation of the crosse. On the sunday following also came the French
+king thither, hauing lost no small part of his nauie by tempests of
+weather.
+
+[Sidenote: They arriue at Messina.] King Richard as then remained at
+Salern, and hearing that his nauie was gone towards Messina, he departed
+thence on the thirteenth day of September, and hasted forth towards
+Messina, passing by Melphi and Cocenza, and so at length comming to Faro
+de Messina, he passed the same, [Sidenote: K. Richard arriueth at
+Messina.] and on the 23. day of September arriued at Messina with great
+noise of trumpets and other instruments, to the woonder of the French
+king and others that beheld his great puissance and roiall behauiour now
+at this comming. The same time he went vnto the French kings lodging, to
+commen with him of their businesse: and immediatlie the French king
+tooke the sea, in purpose to haue passed forward on his iournie but by
+contrarie wind he was staied and kept backe within the hauen, wherevpon
+both the kings determined to winter there, and in the meane time to
+prouide themselues of alle things necessarie for their iournie, against
+the beginning of the next spring. On the 30. of September he receiued
+his sister the qu�ene of Sicile, the widow of William the late king of
+that Ile, whom he placed in a strong fortresse, which he tooke the same
+day and left therein a conuenient garison of men of armes and demilances
+for the safegard of the place and of his said sister.
+
+� But now for the better vnderstanding of the cause of such quarelling
+as fell out betwixt the Englishmen and the Sicilians, y�e shall
+vnderstand that a little before the arriuall of the kings of England and
+France in those parts, king William of Sicile was departed this life,
+leauing no issue behind him. Wherevpon the lords of the Ile elected one
+Tancred to their king, a bastard sonne of Roger sometime king of that
+land, and grandfather to this last decessed king William. This Tancred
+though he receiued king Richard verie courteouslie; yet he greatlie
+trusted him not, bicause he demanded the dowrie of his sister qu�ene
+Joane, wife to the late king William to be restored, whereas he had not
+readie monie to discharge it.
+
+[Sidenote: A chaire of gold.] Furthermore to depart with the citie of
+Mount saint Angelo; with all the countrie therevnto belonging; which was
+ind�ed assigned to hir for hir dowrie, he thought in no wise profitable:
+[Sidenote: K. Richards demands for the dowrie of his sister wife to K.
+William.] but king Richard did not onelie require that citie and countie
+with a chaire of gold, according to the custome of that kingdome in
+right of his sister, as due to hir by way of hir dowrie, but also he
+required to his owne vse a table of gold conteining twelue foot in
+length, and one foot and a halfe in breadth, & two tressels of gold to
+beare vp the same table, with 24. siluer cups, and as manie dishes of
+siluer, with a tent of silke of such largenesse that two hundred knights
+might sit at meat within it: also fortie thousand measures of wheat,
+with as manie of barlie, and as manie of wine, beside one hundred armed
+gallies, with all furniture and vittels sufficient to serue the
+gallie-men in the same for the terme of two yeares. These things he
+demanded as due to him being heire to his father king Henrie,
+accordinglie as was deuised by king William in his last will and
+testament, which demands seemed intollerable to the said Tancred: so
+that if he could haue shifted the matter, he was loth to haue heard
+thereof.
+
+Moreouer, bicause pope Clement in right of the church pretended a title
+to the realme of Sicile, now that king William was dead without heires,
+he doubted of some practise that might be made against him betwixt king
+Richard and the pope. Wherevpon he thought to prouide against all
+attempts that might be made, fortifieng his townes & castels with strong
+garisons, and tooke counsell with the citizens of Messina, by what
+meanes he might soonest dispatch his countrie of that present danger,
+and procure K. Richard to get him forward on his iournie.
+
+Whilest these things were in hand, there was ministred to the English
+men occasion of displeasure: for as it oftentimes chanceth (where an
+armie is) certeine of the vnrulie souldiers within Messina vsed
+themselues somewhat riotouslie, wherevpon the citizens offended
+therewith, got them to armour, and chased all the souldiers out of the
+citie. King Richard who laie in campe without the walles n�ere to the
+citie, was so highlie displeased herewith, that he caused his men to
+arme themselues, and to prepare ladders and other necessarie things to
+assault the citie: but by the mediation of the French king & curteous
+excuse of king Tancred (alledging the fault to rest onelie in a sort of
+rude citizens, whome he promised to punish) the matter was taken vp, and
+staied for a time, till at length it was perceiued, that the Sicilians
+subtilie went about to feed king Richard with faire words, till he
+should be readie to set forwards on his iournie, and so should the
+matter passe without further punishment.
+
+Herevpon king Richard, not minding to be so mocked at their hands,
+approched one daie to the wals and gates with his armie in good araie of
+battell to giue the assault, [Sidenote: K. Richard assalteth and entreth
+the citie by force.] which was doone so earnestlie, and so well
+mainteined, that finallie the citie was entred by force, and manie of
+the citizens slaine, but the slaughter had b�ene much greater, if king
+Richard had not commanded his men to spare the sword, mooued with the
+lamentable noise of poore people crieng to him for mercie and grace. The
+Englishmen hauing got possession of the citie pight vp the banners with
+the armes of the king of England round about the wals, wherewith the
+French king was sore displeased, and required that the same might be
+taken downe, and his set vp: but the king of England would not so agr�e.
+Neuerthelesse to pacifie the French kings mood, he deliuered the citie
+of Messina into the custodie of the knights Templers and Hospitalers,
+till he might be satisfied of such things as he demanded of king
+Tancred.
+
+After this on the 8. daie of October, the two kings of England and
+France, before a great number of earles, barons, and others, both of the
+cleargie and temporaltie, [Sidenote: The two kings of England and France
+receiue a solemne oth.] tooke their solemne othes, that the one should
+defend the other, and also either others armie in this iournie, both
+comming and going, without fraud or deceipt: and the like oth was
+receiued by the earles and barons on both parties. Then the two kings by
+aduise and consent of both their armies deuised these ordinances.
+
+     [Sidenote: Ordinances deuised.]
+     1 That all pilgrims which chanced to die in this iournie might
+     dispose at their pleasure all their armour, horsses, and
+     apparell, and halfe of those things which they had with them, so
+     that they sent nothing home into their countries, and the other
+     halfe should be at the discretion of Walter archbishop of Rouen,
+     Manser bishop of Langres, of the maister of the temple, and of
+     the maister of the Hospitall, of Hugh duke of Burgoigne, of Rafe
+     de Coucie, of Drogo de Marlow, of Robert Sabuill, Andrew de
+     Chauennie, and of Gilbert Wascoile, which should imploie the same
+     towards the support of the wars in the holie land against the
+     infidels as they thought most expedient.
+
+     [Sidenote: Plaie forbidden.]
+     2 That no man should plaie at anie game within the armie for
+     monie, except knights and chapleins, the which should not loose
+     in one daie and night aboue 20 shillings, they to forfeit an 100
+     shillings so oft as they lost aboue that summe: the persons
+     aforenamed to haue the same to be distributed as afore is said.
+     The two kings might plaie, and command their seruants in their
+     presence likewise to plaie, so that they exc�eded not the summe
+     of 20 shillings. And also the seruants of archbishops, bishops,
+     earles and barons, by their maisters commandement might play, not
+     exc�eding that summe: but if anie seruants or mariners, or other
+     of like degr�e, were found to play without licence, the seruants
+     should be whipped naked three daies round about the campe, except
+     they ransomed foorth themselues, at the pleasure of the persons
+     aboue named: and the mariners should be plunged ouer head and
+     eares in the sea three mornings togither, after the vse of
+     seamen, except they redeem that punishment, at the discretion
+     likewise of the said persons: and those of other like meane
+     degr�es being neither knights nor chapleins should be punished as
+     seruants.
+
+     [Sidenote: Borrowing.]
+     3 That if anie pilgrime borrowed anie thing of an other whilest
+     he was on his iournie, he should be bound to paie it: but if he
+     borrowed it before his setting foorth, he was not bound to answer
+     it till his returne home.
+
+     [Sidenote: Souldiers or mariners departing from their masters.]
+     4 That if anie mariner or seruant, reteined in wages with anie
+     man in this iournie, departed from his master without licence, no
+     other person might receiue him, and if he did, he should be
+     punished at the discretion of the forenamed persons.
+
+     [Sidenote: Vittelers.]
+     5 That no vitteler or other should buy any bread to sell againe,
+     nor any meale within the compasse of the campe, except the same
+     were brought by a stranger, neither might they buy any paast or
+     other thing to sell againe in the campe, or within a league of
+     it.
+
+     6 That if anie man bought corne wherof to make bread, it was
+     appointed how much he should gaine in one measure beside the
+     bran.
+
+     7 That other occupiers, which vsed buieng and selling of wares,
+     should gaine one penie in 10 pence, neither should anie man
+     refuse anie of the kings coine, except it were broken within the
+     circle.
+
+     8 That no man should buy anie flesh to sell it againe, except a
+     liuing beast, which he should kill within the campe.
+
+     9 That no man should make bread to sell, but after the rate of
+     penie loaues. Wherin the penie English was appointed to go for
+     foure pence Aniouine. All these ordinances with other were
+     decreed and ordeined to be obserued and kept by the counsell,
+     consent, and agreement of the kings of England, France, and
+     Sicile.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] But to returne now to the dissention betwixt the
+Englishmen and them of Messina: ye shall vnderstand that the tumult
+being once ceassed, and diuerse of the ch�efe offenders in the late
+commotion put to death, king Tancred shortlie after came thither, and
+sought to auoid all suspicion out of king Richards head, that he might
+conceiue of him for b�eing in anie wise culpable in that which his
+subiects of Messina had attempted against him, and therefore hauing
+recouered monie of his freends, he restored vnto king Richard the dowrie
+of his sister qu�ene Joane, and further offered vnto him to ioine in new
+alliance with him, offering his daughter in mariage vnto Arthur duke of
+Britaine, the kings nephue, with a great summe of monie for hir dowrie,
+if it so should please him.
+
+King Richard accepted the offer, and so ioined in peace and affinitie
+with the king of Sicile, receiuing of him twentie thousand ounces of
+gold for the same mariage to be had, and an honorable dowrie assigned
+foorth of the lands that belonged to the said Arthur for the said ladie
+to inioy during hir life, in case she suruiued hir husband. And if it so
+chanced, that by the death of either of them the mariage could not take
+place, then should king Richard restore the same twentie thousand
+ounces of gold againe. But beside these twentie thousand ounces of gold
+thus giuen by king Tancred for the mariage of his daughter, he gaue
+other twentie thousand ounces to king Richard for an acquitance and
+quite claime of all manner of duties, rights, and demands, which either
+he or his sister might pretend, either by reason of anie bequest,
+dowrie, or anie other manner of waie.
+
+Here is to be noted, that before this conclusion of peace was had, king
+Richard prouided for his owne defense, in case that king Tancred and his
+people would haue attempted force against him, in so much that he
+fortified certeine places, and built a strong castell aloft vpon the top
+of an hill fast by Messina, which castell he called Mategriffon. Also
+whereas the admirall of Sicile called Margaret, and one Jordane del
+Poine, men of great authoritie vnder king Tancred, fled out of Messina
+with all their families and riches, which they had either in gold or
+siluer, king Richard seized vpon their houses, their gallies, and
+possessions, so that he made himselfe as strong as he could, to resist
+all attempts that might be made against him by his enimies. But now to
+proc�ed.
+
+The variance being thus appeased betwixt them, great discord chanced to
+arise betwixt king Richard and king Philip, who was much offended with
+king Richard, for that he had thus vsed violence against them of
+Messina, and compelled king Tancred to agr�e with him for monie,
+[Sidenote: The lawes of Herberrough.] to the great offense and breach of
+the lawes of Herberrough, sith the Sicilians verie liberallie aided and
+furnished the christians armie with vittels and necessarie prouisions.
+The Frenchmen also had much enuie thereat, [Sidenote: Englishmen and
+Frenchmen fought.] that shortlie after vpon a small occasion they picked
+a quarell against the Englishmen, and from words fell to strokes on both
+sides, so that there had beene much hurt & slaughter committed,
+[Sidenote: Discord in an armie the hinderer of all profitable
+enterprises.] if the two kings had not doone their best to appease the
+fraie begun.
+
+But this businesse though it was quietlie as then taken vp and staied,
+yet bred it such displeasure betwixt the princes and their people, that
+it turned to the great hurt and hinderance of their good proceedings in
+their whole enterprise, so that the occasion of a full and perfect
+victorie easilie slipped out of their hands, as you shall heare
+hereafter.
+
+An other also of the ch�efest causes of grudge betwixt the two kings
+was, for that king Richard in familiar talke confessed vnto king Philip,
+that he would marie the king of Nauarres daughter, and cl�erelie forsake
+his sister Adela: which gr�eued king Philip not a little, though he
+dissembled the matter for a time, and rather alledged other causes of
+displeasure, wherewith to defame king Richard to the world, as one that
+sought his owne commoditie in spoiling those whom he ought rather to
+haue defended. But to proceed.
+
+Whilest the English and French armies thus soiourned all the winter time
+in Sicile, notwithstanding the troubles aforesaid, to the hinderance of
+king Richards purposes, for the making of his prouisions readie for his
+iournie, he yet caused engins to be framed, his ships to be newlie
+calked, rigged and repaired of such hurts as they had receiued both in
+their long voiage which they had made, and also by certeine wormes, the
+which during their lieng there, had in diuerse places gnawne and eaten
+them through to the great danger of their losse, and vtter decaie.
+[Sidenote: Wreckes pardoned.] Moreouer at the same time he pardoned all
+wrecks by sea through all his dominions, releasing for euer all his
+right to the same, in such wise that euerie person making wrecke by sea,
+and comming aliue to land, should haue all his goods fr�e and cleare to
+himselfe. Furthermore he decr�ed, that if he chanced to perish in the
+ship, then his sons and daughters, brethren or sisters, that could
+prooue themselues to be next heires to him, should haue the same goods;
+but if he had neither sonne nor daughter, brother nor sister, then
+should the king haue those goods by waie of his prerogatiue.
+
+This resignation made by king Richard, was confirmed by his charter
+giuen at Messina in the moneth of October and second yeare of his
+reigne. Also vpon a godlie repentance wherewith it did please the
+mercifull God to touch his hart, he called all those prelats togither
+which were then with him at Messina into the chappell of Reginald de
+Moiac, [Sidenote: K. Richards confession.] & there in presence of them
+all falling downe vpon his knees he confessed the filthie life which he
+had in lecherous lust before that time led, and humblie receiued penance
+inioined him by the same bishops, and so became a new man, fearing God,
+and delighting to liue after his lawes.
+
+[Sidenote: Abbat Joachim.] Furthermore hearing of the great fame of
+abbat Joachim, he sent for him ouer into Calabria, who came to Messina,
+and being asked sundrie questions by king Richard, he made woonderfull
+answer thereto: as in Houeden and other writers it may app�ere, which
+for breefenesse I passe ouer. About the same time he gaue vnto his
+nephue Otho, the sonne of his sister Maud, sometime duchesse of Saxonie,
+the countie of Yorke. But although some were contented to receiue him as
+their lord, and to doo homage to him, yet other refused him, alledging
+that they would not renounce their fealties due to the king, till they
+might s�e him againe, & talke with him face to face. Wherevpon the king
+changing his purpose, gaue vnto the said Otho the countie of Poictou in
+steed of the said countie of Yorke, as after shall appeere.
+
+[Sidenote: 1191.] The two kings of England and France held their
+Christmasse this yeare at Messina, and still the king of England vsed
+great liberalitie in bestowing his treasure freelie amongst knights and
+other men of warre, [Sidenote: The large expenses of K. Richard.] so
+that it was thought he spent more in a moneth than anie of his
+predecessours euer spent in a whole yeare. In the moneth of Februarie he
+sent his gallies to Naples, there to receiue his mother and his wife
+that should be, to wit the ladie Berengaria daughter to the king of
+Nauarre, and Philip earle of Flanders that came with them. But his
+mother qu�ene Elianor and the ladie Berengaria went to Brindize in
+Puglia, where they were honorablie receiued of Margaret king Tancreds
+admirall. [Sidenote: The earle of Flanders.] Moreouer the earle of
+Flanders comming to Naples, and finding there the gallies of king
+Richard, went aboord the same, and so came to Messina, at the first
+following the king of England in all things, till the French king hauing
+enuie thereat, allured him awaie, and then he hoong altogither on his
+sl�eue. The first daie of March the king of England departed from
+Messina, to go to the citie of Cathina, there to common with king
+Tancred, who came thither to meet him.
+
+[Sidenote: K. Richard talketh with king Tancred.] Here king Richard
+vnderstood, that the French king had sollicited king Tancred to set vpon
+the king of England and his armie, to chase them out of his realme: and
+for the more easie accomplishment thereof, he had promised him his aid,
+whensoeuer he would giue the aduenture. King Tancred deliuered also to
+king Richard such letters as the French king had written to him
+concerning this matter. Wherevpon at his returne to Messina, king
+Richard shewed by his frowning countenance, that he was nothing pleased
+with the French king, but sought occasions to get him out of his
+companie.
+
+The French king perceiuing it, required to vnderstand the cause of this
+sudden mutation: wherevpon king Richard nothing fearing his power,
+declared the truth plainelie vnto him by the mouth of the earle of
+Flanders: and when the other denied the practise, he for proofe of the
+thing, shewed him the same letters which king Tancred had deliuered vnto
+him. The French king was not a little abashed hereat, and wist not well
+what to saie, nor what excuse to make, the matter was so plaine. But yet
+at length he said: "Well now I perceiue the king of England seeketh to
+haue some quarell whie he may refuse to marrie with my sister. For these
+are but forged matters, and no truth resteth in them."
+
+When the king of England vnderstood this maner of answer, he replied in
+this wise; "That as for the French kings sister, he might not marrie,
+for as much as he was able to produce good witnesse to prooue that his
+father had lien with hir and got a child of hir. And as for his priuie
+proc�eding and practise with Tancred, he n�eded no further testimonie
+than his owne hand and his seale, the partie himselfe being present who
+receiued them, the messenger also being not far off that carried them
+betw�ene both the parties."
+
+When the French king was throughlie informed of the first point, through
+counsell of the earle of Flanders and others, he pacified himselfe, and
+was contented to release the king of England of his faith giuen by oth
+for the contract made with his sister Alice: in consideration of which
+releasement and deliuerance, the king of England couenanted to giue
+yearelie to the French king two thousand marks of starling coine for the
+terme of fiue yeares togither: and at his returne home, it was agreed,
+that he shuld also deliuer vnto the French king his sister the said
+ladie Alice, with the towne of Gisors, and all other things which the
+French king had granted to him with his said sister. On the other part,
+the French king granted, that the dutchie of Britaine should apperteine
+to the dominion of the dutchie of Normandie, so as the duke of Britaine
+should be accompted the liege man of the duke of Normandie, and that the
+duke of Normandie should answer the French king for both the dutchies,
+as well of Britaine as Normandie. These agr�ements were ratified and
+confirmed with solemne oths receiued, and charters giuen vnder their
+hands and seales, vpon the 30. of March.
+
+[Sidenote: The French king setteth foorth from Messina towards the
+holie[7] land.] About this time the French king (now that the season of
+the yeare was come) set forward toward the holie land, leauing king
+Richard behind him in Sicile: and the two and twentith day after his
+setting foorth from Messina, he arriued at the siege of Acres or Acon.
+The same day also that the French king departed from Messina, queene
+Elianor the mother of king Richard arriued there, bringing with hir the
+ladie Berengaria the daughter of Sanctius the king of Nauarre,
+[Sidenote: Qu�ene Elianor returneth by Rome.] and the fourth day after
+qu�ene Elianor tooke leaue of hir sonne king Richard, and departed
+homeward towards England, taking hir iournie by Rome about the businesse
+of Geffrey the elect of Yorke, as to entreat the pope that he would
+confirme and consecrate him archbishop, or to authorise some other to
+doo it in his name. The ladie Berengaria remained behind with the kings
+sister Joane qu�ene of Sicile.
+
+After this in the moneth of Aprill, on the Wednesday in the passion
+weeke, king Richard (after he had finished and made an end of all
+conclusions with king Tancred) did also set forward with his sister
+Joane, who tooke with hir the ladie Berengaria daughter to the king of
+Nauarre, affianced to him long before, as aboue is partlie mentioned.
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ 130. ships and 53. galies saith _Rog.
+Houed._] His nauie consisted in thirteene mightie great ships with
+triple sailes, an hundred carikes or rather hulkes, and fiftie gallies.
+He was no sooner abroad in the maine sea, but a great tempest arose,
+wherewith his whole nauie was sore tossed and turmoiled vp and downe the
+seas, and at length driuen on the coast of Cypres, where s�eking to take
+harbour, & to come on land, the Cypriots would not suffer him, but
+shewed countenance to driue him backe, and to resist his landing. Also
+whereas six of his ships were so driuen by force of tempest from the
+residue, that thr�e of them perished, and three being cast vpon the
+shoare of Cypres before the kings arriuall there, the souldiers and
+other people in the same were compelled to come on land for sauing their
+liues, where otherwise they stood in danger of drowning, the people of
+the Ile assailing them in right cruell sort, slue diuerse, and tooke the
+residue prisoners, and so deteined them for a certeine season.
+
+King Richard then vnderstanding this iniurie to him doone by the
+Cypriots, & perceiuing they would resist his landing, prepared himselfe
+and his people to enter vpon them by force. The king of Cypres Isakius
+or Cursach (whome Houeden nameth emperour of Cypres) had assembled the
+most part of all the power of men that he might make (though few of them
+were armed, or had any great skill in feats of warre) and caused them to
+set boords, logs of wood, benches, formes, and great chests afore them,
+as a defense, and as it were in steed of a wall, that by succour thereof
+they might the better k�epe off their enimie from landing.
+
+But K. Richard, so incouraged his men by his presence, & hartened them
+with such comfortable words as he vttered vnto them, that rowing to the
+shoare with their galies and small botes, hauing the archers afore them,
+[Sidenote: The Englishmen take land & chase their enimies.] they easilie
+got to land, droue their enimies backe, and so farre pursued them (being
+but footmen, weatherbeaten, wearie, and weat) as conuenientlie they
+might, for the shortnes of time. King Richard hauing thus got foot on
+land, approched the towne of Limezun, which he with his souldiers
+entred, and finding it emptie of people (which were fled awaie) but full
+of riches and great plentie of victuals, as corne, wine, oile, and
+flesh, he seized therevpon.
+
+The same day also the kings sisters and the ladie Berengaria with the
+residue of the kings nauie entred the hauen of Limezun. In the meane
+time the king of Cypres (hauing escaped from the battell) got togither
+his men which were fled and dispersed sundrie waies, and incamped within
+six miles of king Richard, threatning that the next day he would
+eftsoones giue battell: which when king Richard vnderstood, he caused
+his people to be armed the next morning long before day, and so comming
+by guides vnto the place where the Cypriots with their king were lodged,
+[Sidenote: King Richard with a camisado vanquisheth the Cypriots, &
+chaseth them out of their campe. _Iohn Textor._] suddenlie they assailed
+them yer they had anie warning of his marching towards them, by reason
+whereof they were slaine like beasts in great numbers. Howbeit, their
+king and a few other escaped and fled away naked, hauing no time to put
+on their apparell, his treasure, horsse, armour and standard were taken,
+which standard king Richard straitwaies determined to send vnto saint
+Edmunds shrine, and so did.
+
+Having thus vanquished his aduersaries, he came backe to Limezun: and
+the third day after, [Sidenote: The K. of Jerusalem and other noble men
+doo fealtie vnto king Richard.] Guie king of Jerusalem and his brother
+Geffrey de Lucignan with the prince of Antioch Raimond and his sonne
+named also Raimond earle of Tripoli, with other noble men, arriued at
+Limezun aforesaid, to visit king Richard, and to offer him their
+seruices, and so became his men, in swearing fealtie to him against all
+other persons whatsoeuer.
+
+The same day the king of Cypres perceiuing himselfe vnable to resist the
+great puissance of king Richards armie, sent ambassadours, [Sidenote:
+The offers of the king of Cypres.] and offered to king Richard the summe
+of twentie thousand marks of gold, in recompense of the monie which his
+men that were drowned had about them, and also to restore those to
+libertie which he had taken prisoners, and to make deliuerie to their
+hands of all their goods. Furthermore he offered to go with him into the
+holie land personallie, and to serue him with an hundred knights 400
+light horssemen, and 500 well armed footmen, & also to deliuer to king
+Richard his daughter and heire in hostage, [Sidenote: The king of Cypres
+submitteth himselfe.] and to acknowledge him his souereigne lord, by
+swearing to him fealtie for his kingdome, as for that which he should
+confesse to hold of him.
+
+King Richard accepted these offers, and so the king of Cypres came in
+and sware fealtie to king Richard, in presence of the king of Jerusalem,
+the prince of Antioch, and other barons, and promised vpon his oth then
+receiued, not to depart till all things couenanted on his part were
+performed. Then king Richard assigned tents for him and his to lodge in,
+and appointed certeine knights and other men of warre to haue the
+custodie of him. But the same day after dinner vpon repentance of that
+which he had doone, he deceiued his keepers and stale awaie, sending
+knowledge backe to the king that he would not stand to the couenants,
+which were concluded vpon betwixt them.
+
+King Richard seemed to like the matter well enough, and foorthwith
+deliuered a part of his armie vnto the king of Jerusalem and to the
+prince of Antioch, appointing them to persue the king of Cypres by land,
+whilest he with one part of his gallies and Robert de Turneham with the
+other might search about the coast by sea, to prohibit his passage by
+water. In euerie place where they came, such ships and gallies as they
+found they seized into their hands, and no resistance was made against
+them, by reason the people fled to the woods and mountains, leauing the
+cities, townes and castels void in all st�eds, [Sidenote: Robert de
+Turneham.] where the king or the said sir Robert de Turneham with their
+vessels began to app�ere. When they had taken their pleasure thus
+alongst the coasts, they returned againe vnto Limezun. The king of
+Jerusalem and the other that went foorth by land, when they could not
+sp�ed of their purpose, returned also, in which meane time a great
+number of Cypriots came in, and submitting themselues to king Richard,
+were receiued as his subiects.
+
+[Sidenote: The king of England marieth the ladie Berengaria. She is
+crowned qu�ene.] On the 12. daie of Maie, the ladie Berengaria daughter
+to the king of Nauarre was maried according to a precontract vnto king
+Richard at Limezun aforesaid in the Ile of Cypres, one of the kings
+chaplins executing the order of the marriage. The same daie also she was
+crowned by the bishop of Eureux, the archbishops of Apamea and Aux, with
+the bishop of Baion ministring vnto him. After the solemnitie of this
+marriage and coronation ended, king Richard set forward with his armie
+into the countrie of Cypres, and first wan (by surrender) the citie of
+Nichosia, and after the strong castell of Cherin, within the which was
+the daughter of the king of Cypres, which ladie humblie yeelded hir
+selfe vnto K. Richard, (who counting it reproach to be extreme with such
+as submit themselues, and speciallie the female sex, according to the
+old saieng,
+    Pacere subiectis nobilis scit ira leonis)
+had pitie of hir case, and sent hir to his wife the new qu�ene, willing
+that she might be honorablie vsed. From thence passing forward,
+[Sidenote: Castels deliuered to the king of England.] these castels were
+deliuered into his hands, Baffes and Buffeuent, Den, Amur, Candace, and
+afterwards all the other castels and cities, townes and places of
+strength within that Ile one after an other. Finallie, hearing that the
+king of Cypres was inclosed in an abbie called Cap S. Andrew, he marched
+thitherwards: [Sidenote: The king of Cyprus again submitteth himselfe to
+the king of England.] but when the king of Cypres heard of his approch,
+he came foorth and submitted himselfe wholie into his hands. [Sidenote:
+Rafe Fitz Geffrey.] The king first appointed him to the k�eping of his
+chamberlaine Rafe Fitz Geffrey, and after sent him into the citie of
+Tripoli, there to be kept in close prison. Who when he heard he should
+be committed to close prison, and remaine in fetters, said, "that if he
+laie in irons, he should shortlie end his life." Wherevnto king Richard
+when he heard of it, answered: "He saith well, and therefore bicause he
+is a noble man, and our mind is not to haue him dead, but onelie to be
+kept safe from starting anie more awaie, and dooing new hurt, let him be
+chained in giues and fetters made of siluer," and so he was.
+
+But to proc�ed. After the king had set the countrie of Cypres in good
+staie, [Sidenote: He arriued there on the saturdaie in Whitsunw�ek,
+being the saturdaie also next before the feast of S. Barnabie.
+_Galfridus._ _Vinsant._] he deliuered the keeping thereof vnto Richard
+de Camuille and Robert de Turneham. This doone vpon the wednesdaie in
+the Whitsunw�eke he tooke the sea againe, and passed ouer to the citie
+of Acres, which as then was besieged by the christian armie, as ye may
+read in the description of the holie land, onelie giuing you to
+vnderstand, that such was the valiancie of king Richard shewed in
+manfull constreining of the citie, that his praise was greatlie bruted
+both amongst the christians and also the Saracens.
+
+Howbeit the secret enimitie betwixt him and the French king eftsoones
+reuiued, by occasion of such discord as chanced betwixt Guido king of
+Jerusalem, and Conrade the marques of Tire, so that parties were taken,
+and whereas both the Pisans and Geneuois did offer their seruice vnto
+king Richard, yet bicause the Geneuois were confederat with the French
+king, who tooke part with the marques, he refused them, [Sidenote:
+Pisans and Geneuois.] and receiued the Pisans, ioining himselfe with
+king Guido to support him against his enimies.
+
+Here is to be remembred, that before king Richard arriued at the siege,
+he incountred on the sea a mightie great ship called a Drommond,
+[Sidenote: _Matt. Paris._ _Nic. Triuet._ Saphaldine the brother of
+Saladine.] which one Saphaldine the brother of Saladine a prince of the
+Saracens had sent, to refresh them with vittels. This ship king Richard
+caused f�ercelie to be assailed with his gallies, and at length bowged
+hir with all the vittels and prouision within the same, as wild-fire,
+barels of firie serpents, armour and weapons of sundrie sorts, besides
+all the mariners and men of warre, except such as were taken to mercie
+and saued aliue, being about 200 in the whole, whereas there were aboord
+the same ship 500 men of warre, [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ _N. Triuet._]
+as some write, though other haue but 800.
+
+� But now to other accidents that chanced this yere. On Midsummer eeue
+there was such an eclipse of the sunne, [Sidenote: An eclipse of the
+sunne.] the moone being the same time 27 daies old, that for the space
+of thr�e houres (for so long it lasted) such darkness came ouer the face
+of the earth, [Sidenote: The seuenth houre of the daie saith _Matth.
+Paris._] that euen in the daie time (for this eclipse began about nine
+of the clocke in the morning) the stars appeared plainelie in the
+element.
+
+In the same moneth of June, Richard de Camuille, whome the king had left
+(as ye haue heard) gouernour in Cypres, chanced to fall sicke, and
+comming without licence to the siege of Acres, [Sidenote: Richard de
+Camuille deceasseth.] there died. After whose death the Cypriots and
+those called Griffones and Ermians reuolted from the English obedience,
+and chose to them a king, one that was a moonke of the familie of
+Isachus their former king: but Robert de Turneham, who after the
+deceasse of Richard Camuille remained sole gouernour of the Ile,
+gathered a power of men togither, and giuing battell to the new king
+(whom Houeden nameth also emperour) vanquished him with his complices,
+tooke him prisoner, and hanged him on a paire of galowes. The same
+moneth also died Rafe Fitz Geffrey, who had the other king Isac in
+custodie, and then king Richard deliuered him to the knights of the
+hospitall, who sent him to the castell of Margant, there safelie to be
+kept as prisoner to the vse of the king of England.
+
+Now will we returne vnto the affaires of England and make some mention
+of the dooings there. Yee shall vnderstand, that after king Richard was
+set forward on his iournie, William Longchampe lord chancellour and
+bishop of Elie, [Sidenote: _Polydor._] appointed (as ye haue heard)
+gouernour of the realme, began to exercise his authoritie to the
+vttermost, taking vpon him the state of a prince, rather than of a
+subiect. He had of late (as before ye haue heard) procured such fauor at
+the hands of pope Clement, [Sidenote: The Lord chancellor called the
+popes legat in England.] that he was instituted by him legat of the
+apostolike see here in England, so that pretending a rule both ouer the
+clergie and temporaltie, and by reason that he had both the authoritie
+of pope and king in his hands, he vsed the same to his most aduantage,
+as well in causes ecclesiasticall as temporall, whereby he wrought manie
+oppressions both against them of the clergie and temporaltie. [Sidenote:
+The statelie port of the lord chancellor. _Ran. Higd._] He mainteined
+such a port and countenance in his dooings, that he would ride with a
+thousand horsses, by meanes whereof when he came to lie at abbeis and
+other places (bringing with him such a traine) he was verie burdenous
+vnto them, speciallie when he laie at their houses any space of time.
+
+[Sidenote: A conuocation.] This man called a conuocation at Westminster,
+wherein at the suit of Hugh Nouant bishop of Chester, it was decreed,
+[Sidenote: Moonks of Couentrie displaced. _Polydor._ _Ran. Higd._ _Wil.
+Paruus._ The occasion. _Ran. Higd._] that the moonks of Couentrie should
+be displaced, and secular canons brought into that house to supplie
+their roomes. Which was doone by the authoritie of the said lord
+chancellour, being bribed by the foresaid bishop of Chester (as some
+writers haue recorded) for displeasure which he bare to the moonks, by
+reason of a fraie which they had made vpon the said bishop in their
+church at Couentrie, and drawne bloud of him before the alter there, as
+he alledged.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] But some haue written, that the bishop of
+Chester procured a licence of the pope, to alter the state of that
+church in sort aboue mentioned, which is most likelie, surmising against
+the moonks, that they were most manifest and stubborne disturbers of
+that peace and quietnesse which ought to remaine amongst churchmen:
+[Sidenote: _Ran. Higd._ _Polydor._] and yet he himselfe sowed the strife
+and dissention amongst them, and namelie betw�ene the prior and his
+couent. Moreouer, the said lord chancellour depriued such rulers of
+their administrations and gouernements, as the king had appointed to
+beare any high authoritie within the realme, pretending not onelie the
+kings commandement, but also alleadging a reason which mooued him so to
+doo, as thus, [Sidenote: The L. chancellors reason.] that he might
+thereby take awaie all occasions of grudges from the people, which
+otherwise might thinke, and would not sticke to saie, that they were
+oppressed by the rule of manie kings in st�ed of one king. [Sidenote:
+The bishop of Durham. The bishop of Winchester.] He did also depriue
+Hugh the bishop of Durham of all his honour and dignitie, and put the
+bishop of Winchester to great trouble. Moreouer, doubting least the
+Nobles of the realme would rise against him, and put him out of his
+place; he sought to k�epe them lowe, and spoiled them of their monie and
+substance. [Sidenote: The lord chancellors meaning to k�epe earle John
+lowe.] Likewise pretending a colour of doubt, least earle John the kings
+brother should attempt any thing against his brother the king now in his
+absence, he sought also to k�epe him vnder. To be br�efe, he plaied in
+all points the right part of a tyrant, and shewed himselfe such a one in
+all respects as mainteined his title,
+    [Sidenote: _Pal. in suo cap._]
+    Non disceptando aut subtilibus argumentis
+    Vincere, sed ferro mauult sua iura tueri,
+    Pontifices nunc bella iuuant, sunt c�tera nuga,
+    Nec pr�cepta patrum nec Christi dogmata curant,
+    Iactant se dominos rerum & sibi cuncta licere.
+
+At length the king receiued aduertisement from his mother queene Elianor
+of his demeanor, and that there was great likeliehood of some commotion
+to insue, if sp�edie remedie were not in time prouided. Wherevpon being
+then in Sicile, [Sidenote: Walter the archbishop of Rouen sent into
+England.] he sent Walter the archbishop of Rouen into England with
+commission, to ioine in administration of the kingdome with his
+chancellor the said bishop of Elie. But the archbishop comming into
+England was so slenderlie interteined of the chancellour, [Sidenote: He
+is little regarded of the lord chancellor.] and in effect so litle
+regarded, that notwithstanding his commission and instructions brought
+from the king, he could not be permitted to beare any rule. But the
+chancellour deteining the same wholie in his hands, ordered all things
+at his pleasure, without making the archbish. of Rouen, or any other of
+counsel with him, except such as it pleased him to admit for the seruing
+of his owne turne.
+
+� He certeinelie bel�eued (as manie other did) that king Richard would
+neuer returne with life into England againe, which caused him to attempt
+so manie vnlawfull enterprises, and therefore he got into his hands all
+the castels and fortresses belonging to the crowne, and furnished them
+with garisons of souldiers, as he thought necessarie, depriuing such
+capteins of their roomes as he suspected not to fauour his proc�edings.
+
+One Gerard de Camuille had bought of the king the k�eping of the castell
+of Lincolne, vnto whome also the sheriffewike of the shire was committed
+for a time, but the lord chancellour, perceiuing that he bare more good
+will vnto earle John the kings brother than to him (which John he most
+suspected) he tooke from him the shiriffewike, & demanded also to haue
+the castell of Lincolne deliuered into his hands, which Gerard refused
+to deliuer, and perceiuing that the chancellor would practise to haue it
+by force, he fled vnto earle John, requiring him of competent aid and
+succour.
+
+The chancellor on the other part, perceiuing what hatred diuerse of the
+Nobles bare him, thought good to prouide for his owne suertie the best
+that he could, and therefore sent for a power of men from beyond the
+sea: but bicause he thought it too long to staie till they arriued, he
+came to Lincolne with such power as he could make, [Sidenote: The lord
+chancellor besiegeth the castell of Lincolne.] and besieged the castell.
+Erle John the kings brother aduertised hereof, raised such numbers of
+men as he might make of his freends, seruants and tenants, [Sidenote:
+Earle John winneth the castels of Notingham and Tickhill.] and with
+small a doo wan the castels of Notingham and Tickhill within two daies
+space. This doone, he sent to the lord chancellour, commanding him
+either to breake vp his siege, or else to prepare for battell. The
+chancellour considering with himselfe that there was small trust to be
+put in diuerse of those lords that were with him, bearing good will to
+[Sidenote: The chancellor raiseth his siege with dishonour.] earle John,
+and but hollow harts towards him, raised his siege and departed with
+dishonour.
+
+Not long after, one of his hornes was broken off by the death of pope
+Clement, whereby his power legantine ceased: wherewith being somewhat
+abashed, [Sidenote: The lord chancellor and earle John are agr�ed.] he
+came to a communication with earle John, and vpon certeine conditions
+made peace with him. Shortlie after the souldiers which he had sent for,
+arriued in England, [Sidenote: The chancellor breaketh the agr�ement.]
+and then he began to go from the agr�ement made with earle John,
+affirming that he would either driue the same earle out of England, or
+else should earle John doo the like to him: for it was not of sufficient
+largenesse to hold them both. Howbeit, shortlie after, [Sidenote: The
+lord chancellor and earle John make another agr�ement.] a peace was
+eftsoones concluded betwixt them with condition, that if it chanced king
+Richard to depart this life before his returne into England, not leauing
+any issue of his bodie begotten, that then the chancellour renouncing
+the ordinance made by king Richard (who had instituted his nephue Arthur
+duke of Britaine to be his heire and successour) should consent to admit
+earle John for king of England, contrarie to the said ordinance.
+
+But in the meane time it was agr�ed, that earle John should deliuer vp
+the castels of Notingham and Tickhill, Notingham to the hands of William
+Marshall, and Tickhill to the hands of William Wendenall, they to k�epe
+the same vnto the vse and behoofe of king Richard, that vpon his returne
+he might doo with them as should please him: prouided that if it so
+chanced, that he should die before he could returne from his voiage, or
+that the chancellour went from the agr�ement now taken, then immediatlie
+should the foresaid castels of Notingham and Tickhill be restored vnto
+earle John.
+
+Moreouer, the other castels of such honours as were assigned to earle
+John by the king his brother, were committed vnto the custodie of
+certeine persons of great trust and loialtie, as the castell of
+Wallingford to the archbishop of Rouen, the castell of Bristow to the
+bishop of Lincolne, the castell of the Peake to the bishop of Couentrie,
+the castell of Bolesofres vnto Richard de Peake (or if he refused, then
+should the bishop of Couentrie haue it in k�eping) the castell Eie was
+committed to Walter Fitz Robert, the castell of Herford to Roger Bigot,
+and to Richard Reuell the castell of Excester and Launston. These
+persons to whom these castels were thus committed to be kept, receiued
+also an oth, that they should faithfullie k�epe them to the kings
+behoofe, and if he chanced to die, before he should returne, then the
+same should be deliuered vnto earle Johns hands. [Sidenote: Castels
+deliuered in trust to the keeping of certeine persons.] Also there were
+three castels that perteined to the crowne, deliuered likewise in trust,
+as the castell of Windsor vnto the earle of Arundell, the castell of
+Winchester vnto Gilbert de Lacie, and the castell of Northampton vnto
+Simon de Pateshull.
+
+It was also agr�ed, that bishops, abbats, earles, and barons, valuasors,
+and freeholders should not be disseised of their lands, goods or
+chattels, otherwise than by order of the iustices or officers of the
+king, so that they should be iudged in the kings courts according to the
+lawfull customes and ordinances of the realme, and likewise that earle
+John should cause the same orders to be obserued through all his lands.
+Prouided that if any man attempted to doo otherwise vpon support or
+maintenance of earle John, he should stand to be reformed by the
+archbishop of Rouen if he chanced then to be in England, and by the
+kings iustices, and by those that had sworne to obserue this peace: and
+also earle John himselfe at their request should see such reformation to
+be had.
+
+Moreouer, it was agr�ed that all those castels that had bin built or
+begun to be builded since the kings passage ouer towards his iournie,
+should be razed, and no new made or fortified till his returne, except
+in manours perteining to the kings demaine, if need required, or by his
+speciall commandement, either by letters, or sufficient messengerrs.
+That the shiriffewike of Lincolne, which the lord chancellour had
+assigned vnto William de Stuteuille should be restored to Gerard de
+Camuille, who had a daie appointed him to app�ere in the kings court, to
+heare what might be laid against him: and if such matter could be
+prooued, for the which he ought to loose the said shiriffewike and the
+castell of Lincolne, then he should depart from them by the iudgement of
+the court, or else not. Neither should earle John mainteine him against
+the iudgement of that court, nor should receiue any outlawes, or such as
+were notoriouslie knowen for enimies to the king, and so named, nor
+should suffer them to be receiued within the precinct of his liberties.
+
+To hold, mainteine and obserue this peace, the said earle and
+chancellour sware in the hand of the archbishop of Rouen with seuen
+barons on either part. On the part of earle John these were the names of
+them that receiued the oth: Stephan Ridell his chancellour, William de
+la Mare, Robert de la Mare, Philip de Turechester, William de Kahennes,
+Gilbert Basset & William de Montacute. On the chancellours part, the
+earles of Arundell and Salisburie, earle Roger Bigot, and the earle of
+Clare, with Walter Fitz Robert, William de Breuse, and Roger Fitz
+Ramfrey. These things were concluded in this sort, the authoritie and
+commandement of the king yet in all things saued and reserued: but so,
+that if before his returne he should signifie his pleasure to the
+contrarie of the ordinances aboue mentioned, then should the castels of
+Notingham and Tickhill be restored vnto earle John, notwithstanding what
+soeuer the king should command touching the same. [Sidenote: An. Reg.
+3.] [Sidenote: _Matth. West._ _Polydor._] Thus was the peace concluded
+eftsoones betwixt earle John and the chancellour.
+
+[Sidenote: Geffrey the archbishop of Yorke. _Rog. Houed._] In this meane
+while, Geffrey the elect archbishop of Yorke, after long suit and manie
+delaies contriued, speciallie by the chancellour, obteined his pall,
+being consecrated by the archbishop of Towrs, by virtue of his buls
+obteined from pope Celestine. The chancellour aduertised herof, and
+vnderstanding that he meant to come shortlie into England to be
+installed, was in a great chafe, bicause that during the time of the
+vacation, he had vsed the reuenues of that see at his pleasure, and
+therefore now to forego them he was nothing contented. [Sidenote:
+_Matth. Paris._] Herevpon he wrote his letters vnto Matthew de Clare
+shiriffe of Kent in this forme.
+
+     The lord chancellours letters to the shiriffe of Kent.
+
+     Pr�cipimus tibi qu�d si Eboracen. Electus ad aliquem portum in
+     balliua tua applicuerit, aut aliquis nunciorum eius, eum retineri
+     facias, donec mandatum nostrum ind� receperis. Et similiter
+     pr�cipimus, qu�d omnes literas pap� aut magni alicuius viri qu�
+     illic venerint, facias retineri. The English whereof is thus.
+
+     "We command you that if the elect of Yorke shall arriue at any
+     port or hauen within your bailiwicke, or any messenger of his,
+     that you cause them to be arested and kept, till you haue
+     commandement from vs therein. And we command you likewise, to
+     stay, attach, and keepe all letters that come from the pope, or
+     any other great man."
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._ The death of the archbishop of Canturbury. _Io.
+Textor._] Likewise, whereas Baldwine archbishop of Canturburie, hauing
+taken his iournie into the holie land, and arriuing there before the
+king, chanced to depart this life at Tyrus, the last yeere, vpon the
+feast daie of S. Edmund, the chancellour found meanes to keepe that s�e
+also vacant, that he might receiue the profits thereof, during the
+vacation, and find meanes to be prepared to it in the end. But as
+touching the s�e of Yorke, although he had (as before is said) made his
+hand of the reuenues belonging to the same from time to time at his
+pleasure, yet now after that he heard how Geffrey had receiued the pall,
+he made hauocke, wasting & spoiling all that would yeeld him anie monie,
+without respect of right or wrong. Moreouer, he caused the hauens to be
+watched, with commandement giuen to the townes on the sea coast, that
+they should not suffer the archbishop Geffrey to take land. [Sidenote:
+The archbishop arriued and is committed to ward.] At length yet he
+arriued at Douer, where he was by the aforesaid Matthew de Clare first
+staied, and after taken out of the abbeie by the chancellours
+commandement, and committed to prison within the castell, where a Noble
+man that had maried the chancellors sister was capteine.
+
+The newes of whose imprisonment was anon bruted through the realme,
+wherewith the Nobles fretted, and the commons curssed: finallie all men
+detested such tyrannie in the chancellour. But namelie the kings brother
+earle John stormed at the matter, and with all sp�ed assembled an armie
+out of those places where he bare rule, increasing the number with a
+power of Welshmen. There came to him the bishop of Winchester, with
+manie earles and barons, also the bishop of Bath and Chester, which
+latelie before had b�ene ch�efe fauourers of the chancellour in all his
+dooings: but now that the world was changed, they shewed themselues the
+most earnest enimies he had, as well in words as d�eds.
+
+In an assemblie of all the bishops of England, all those were
+excommunicate in solemne wise, with candels light, and other such
+ceremonies, which had either giuen commandement, or were present as
+partakers, to pull out of the church the archbishop of Yorke, or his
+people by violence, and had imprisoned them in maner (as before y�e haue
+heard:) but this was after the archbishop was set at libertie, as shuld
+appeare by Matthew Paris, for the chancellour repenting himselfe (though
+now too late) of his cruell dealing against the archbishop of Yorke,
+wherewith he had kindled such a brand against him, commanded the said
+archbishop (namelie at the instant sute of the bishop of London, or
+rather at the commandement of earle John, as Houeden saith) to be set at
+libertie. But the displeasure once kindled in the hearts of the Nobles,
+could not so easilie[8] be quenched with his deliuerie, as it was
+sp�edilie set on fire by his imprisonment, so that they being now in
+armour, purposed to abate the pride of the chancellour, and to deliuer
+the common-wealth, of such an vglie tyrant. [Sidenote: _R. Houed._ The
+chancellour summoned to appeare.] And to begin, they summoned, and
+assigned him a peremptorie day to appeare at Reading, to make answer
+vnto such iniuaries as he had doone against the archbishop of Yorke, and
+the bishop of Durham, sithens the departure of his souereigne lord the
+king.
+
+At which day there came to Reading earle John, and the archbishop of
+Rouen, with manie other bishops, earles, and barons, abiding there all
+that day, to s�e if the chancellour would appeare or no; but he came
+not: wherevpon they prepared to march foorth towards London, and
+therewithall set forward in like maner. He on the other side being a man
+of a great courage, had gathered an armie of such strangers and other
+his fr�ends as he could make, and therewith went foorth, and encamped
+n�ere to Windsor, there to abide his aduersaries, and to giue them
+battell, if they came forward and would abide it. But when they
+approched, and he perceiued also how diuerse of his freends shranke from
+him, and went to his enimies, he durst not attempt the hazard of a
+field, [Sidenote: The chauncellour retireth to London.] but fled backe
+to London, and there withdrew into the tower, with all his host, bicause
+he durst not commit himselfe to the doubtfull fellowship of the
+citizens. Through his great pride and statelie port which he mainteined,
+as partlie y�e haue heard, he had procured to himselfe no small hatred
+amongst all degrees of men, and namelie such as by the kings appointment
+ought to haue beene parteners with him in gouernement of the realme sore
+repined at his presumptuous proceedings, for that he disdained (as it
+s�emed) to vse their aduise, or to ioine them with him in the
+administration of things, so that now in time of his trouble he wist not
+in whome he might put his trust.
+
+After he was thus retired into the tower of London, earle John, the
+archbishop of Rouen, and the other bishops, earles, and barons
+associated togither against him, followed him at the h�eles, entered the
+citie, and besieged the tower on ech side. On the morrow after, being
+the fourth day after the octaues of saint Michaell, they came togither
+into Paules church-yard, [Sidenote: A declaration made against the lord
+chancellour.] where they publikelie declared the iniurious wrongs doone
+and practised by the chancellour; namelie against the archbishop of
+Yorke, and the bishop of Durham. Those also that had b�ene appointed as
+associats with him, accused him, in that he had taken vpon him to rule
+and gouerne all things after his owne will, not vouchsafing to haue
+their aduise or councell in such sort as had b�ene conuenient.
+
+The archbishop of Rouen and William Marshall earle of Pembroke shewed
+there before all the people the kings letters which he had sent from
+Messina, [Sidenote: The tenor of this letter shall h�ereafter appeare.]
+appointing that they should be associats with him in gouernment of the
+kingdome; and that without the counsell and aduice of them and others
+assigned thereto, he should not meddle with the rule of the land, and
+that if he should doo any thing to the hinderance of the common-wealth,
+or s�eke to meddle with the affaires of the realme, without their good
+aduise, that then he should be deposed. H�erevpon it seemed good to
+earle John, and to all the bishops, earles and barons of the realme, and
+to the citizens of London, there assembled, that the said chancellour
+should be deposed, and so they proceeded, and deposed him in d�ed,
+appointing the archbishop of Rouen in his place, who would not take vpon
+him to doo anie thing touching the rule of the land, without consent of
+his associats assigned to him, and the barons or the eschecker.
+
+The same day, earle John, and the archbishop of Rouen, and other of the
+kings iustices, [Sidenote: The citizens of London.] granted to the
+citizens of London the priuilege of their communaltie; and the said
+earle and archbishop, and in maner all the bishops, erls and barons of
+the realme sware to mainteine the said priuilege firme and stable, so
+long as should please their souereigne lord. And the citizens of London
+sware to be true, and to doo their faithfull seruice vnto king Richard
+and his heirs, and if he chanced to die without issue, then to receiue
+earle John the brother of king Richard for their king and souereigne
+lord, and therevpon sware fealtie to him against all men, sauing that
+which they owed vnto his brother king Richard.
+
+The chancellour perceiuing the multitude to be such which he had with
+him in the tower, [Sidenote: The chancellour y�eldeth vp the tower.] as
+the place was not able to hold them any long time, after he had remained
+within it one night, he came foorth vnto earle John, and to the other
+that were thus entred the citie, and now readie to besiege him, of whome
+he got licence for them that were inclosed within the tower, to depart
+without damage, and therewith deliuered vp the tower into the hands of
+the archbishop of Rouen, with the castell of Windsor, and certeine other
+castels, which he held within the realme, but not all: notwithstanding
+he couenanted to make deliuerie of the residue, which yet remained in
+the hands of them whome he had appointed to the k�eping of the same. And
+for assurance of that couenant to be performed before he departed the
+realme, he deliuered his brethren, and one that was his chamberleine, to
+remaine with the lords as hostages.
+
+This doone, he hasted to Canturburie, where he promised to receiue the
+crosse of a pilgrime to go into the holie land, and to render vp the
+crosse of his legatship, which he had vsurped a yeare and a halfe after
+the death of pope Clement, to the preiudice of the church of Rome, and
+to the detriment and great hinderance of the English church. For there
+was not any church within the realme, which had not b�ene put to fine
+and ransome by that crosse, nor any ecclesiasticall person went fr�e,
+[Sidenote: The print of the legats crosse.] but the print of the crosse
+appeared in him and his purse. From Canturburie he got him to Douer to
+his brother in law, and finallie s�eking means to passe ouer into
+France, and doubting to be discouered, he apparelled himselfe in womans
+raiment, [Sidenote: The bishop of Elie late lord chancellor disguiseth
+himselfe in womans apparell.] & got a web of cloth on his arme, as
+though he had beene some housewifelie woman of the countrie: but by the
+vntowardlie folding and vncunning handling of his cloth (or rather by a
+lewd fisherman that tooke him for an harlot) he was suspected and
+searched so narrowlie, [Sidenote: He is bewraied.] that by his priuie
+members he was prooued to be a man, and at length knowne, attached, and
+committed to prison, after he had beene reprochfullie handled by them
+that found him, and by the wiues of the towne, in such vns�emlie
+apparell.
+
+Earle John would haue had him punished, and put to some open reproofe
+for his passed tyrannicall dooings; [Sidenote: Earle John not y^e
+bishops fr�end.] but the bishops, and other of the barons, for reuerence
+of his order, procured his deliuerance, with licence to passe ouer into
+Normandie where he was borne. Thus was the bishop of Elie a man full of
+pride and couetousnesse ouerthrowne with shame, and receiued for his hie
+climing a reprochfull downefall: for none are more subiect to ruine and
+rebuke, than such as be aloft and supereminent ouer others, as the poet
+noteth well saieng:
+    [Sidenote: _Ouid. lib. 1. de. rem. am._]
+    Summa petit liuor, perflant altissima venti,
+      Summa petunt dextra fulmina missa Iouis.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] In time he was deposed from his office of
+being chancellour, and not without warrant, for in verie d�ed, king
+Richard hauing receiued aduertisements from the lords and peeres of the
+realme, of the chancellours presumptuous and hautie demeanour, with
+wrongs offered to diuerse persons, wrote to them againe as followeth.
+
+     A letter of king Richard directed to the States of the land for the
+     deposing of the bishop of Elie from his office of lord chancellour.
+
+     Richard king of England sendeth greeting to William Marshall, to
+     Gilbert Fitz Peter, and Henrie Berdulfe, and to William Brewer,
+     peeres. If it so chance that our chancellour hath not faithfullie
+     handled the affaires and businesse of our realme (committed vnto
+     him) by the aduise and counsell of you, and others to whome we
+     haue also assigned the charge of gouernement of the same realme:
+     we command you, that according to your disposition in all things
+     to be doone concerning the gouernement thereof, you order and
+     dispose as well for eschetes, as all other things, &c.
+
+By force of this commission, the lords were the bolder to proc�ed
+against him as ye haue heard. Now after his comming into the parties
+beyond the seas, [Sidenote: The bishop of Elie complaineth of his wrongs
+receiued.] he ceassed not with letters and messengers to present his
+complaint to the pope of Rome, and to king Richard of the iniuries
+receiued at the hands of earle John and his complices. [Sidenote: The
+popes letters vnto the archbishope and bishops of England.] Herevpon
+pope Celestine wrote in d�ed to all the archbishops and bishops that
+were within the realme of England, in behalfe of the said bishop of
+Elie, declaring, that for so much as the king of England was gone into
+the holie land to warre against the enimies of our faith, leauing his
+kingdome vnder the protection of the apostolike see, he could not but
+haue speciall regard to see that the state, rights and honour thereof
+were preserued from all danger of decaie.
+
+[Sidenote: Note how the pope defendeth his chaplins.] Wherefore,
+vnderstanding that there had beene certeine attempts made by John erle
+of Mortaigne and others, both against the king and the bishop of Elie,
+that was not onelie legat of the apostolike s�e, but also gouernour of
+the land appointed by the king, which attempt sounded greatlie to the
+reproch of the church of Rome, and danger of damage to insue to king
+Richard, if remedie were not the sooner found: therefore he commanded
+them by the vertue of their obedience, to excomunicat the earle of
+Mortaigne, or any other that was knowne to haue laid any violent hands
+vpon the said bishop of Elie, or deteined him as captiue, or inforced
+him to any oth, or else had changed the state of rule in the kingdome of
+England to other forme, than king Richard had ordeined at his setting
+forward towards the holie land: and that not onelie all the
+councellours, authors, aiders and complices of those that had committed
+such outrage, but also their lands should stand interdicted, so that no
+diuine seruice should be vsed within the precinct of the same, except
+penance and christning of infants. This to remaine till the said bishop
+& kingdome were restored into the former estate: and that the parties
+excommunicated should present themselues with letters from the bishops
+vnto the apostolike see to be absolued, etc.
+
+Herevpon also the bishop of Elie himselfe wrote vnto the bishop of
+Lincolne and other, touching this matter: but the bishops did neither
+any thing in accomplishment of the effect of the popes letters, nor at
+his owne supplication. And therefore perceiuing small helpe to come that
+waie, he sought to obteine the fauour and fr�endship of earle John, and
+of his mother qu�ene Elianor. In the meane time, the lords, barons and
+prelates of the realme, after they had depriued him of all authoritie,
+and banished him out of the land, ordeined the archbishop of Rouen in
+fauour of the kings commission, [Sidenote: The archbishop of Rouen
+ch�efe gouernour of England.] to haue the ch�efe rule and administration
+of things touching all the affaires of the common-wealth; but yet so as
+earle John had the dooings in manie points, so that he might s�eme in
+manner an associat with him, whereof sprang much inconuenience. For this
+John being a man (as he is noted by some writers) of an ambitious
+nature, was suspected to aspire vnto the kingdome: in somuch that he had
+ioined with the French king, after the same king was returned foorth of
+the holie land, against his brother king Richard, if his mother qu�ene
+Elianor had not persuaded him to the contrarie.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ _Wil. Paruus._ Fiftene saith _Functius_, but
+others agr�e with _Houed._ as _Gerardus Mercator_ citing _Albericus_ a
+moonke.] Whilest these things were a dooing, on the twelfth daie of
+Julie, the citie of Acres was surrendred into the Christian mens hands,
+for the Soldan Saladine (being approched n�ere to the siege of the
+christians with a puissant armie, in hope to haue raised their siege)
+when he perceiued it laie not in his power to worke any feat to the
+succour of his people within the citie, and that they were so
+constreined that they must n�eds y�eld, he holpe to make their
+composition, and promised to performe certeine couenants on their
+behalfe. Herevpon, the Saracens within Acres couenanted not onelie to
+deliuer the citie vnto the christians with fiue hundred prisoners of
+christians which they had within the same, but also to procure that the
+holie crosse should be to them deliuered, with a thousand other
+christian prisoners, such as the christian princes should appoint out of
+those numbers which Saladine had in his custodie, and further, to giue
+them two hundred thousand Besans. And till these couenants were
+performed, it was agr�ed, that the Saracens, which were at that present
+left within the citie, should remaine as pledges, vnder condition, that
+if the same couenants were not performed within fortie daies, then
+should they stand at the mercie of the christian princes as touching
+life and lim.
+
+[Sidenote: The citie of Acres.] These things thus concluded, and the
+citie y�elded vp into the christian mens hands, the French king vpon
+enuie and malice conceiued against king Richard (although he pretended
+sicknesse for excuse) departed homewards, [Sidenote: The French K.
+returneth home.] setting from Acres the last day of Julie. Now then,
+after the departure of king Philip, when the day approched, in the which
+the Saracens should performe the couenants; or else stand to the
+iudgement of life and death at the pleasure of the christian princes: it
+was perceiued that the couenants would not be fulfilled according to the
+agr�ement. For Saladine, as it well appeared, ment not to performe that
+which for the safegard of his men he had vndertaken, and did but dallie
+with the christians to prolong the time: wherevpon sentence was giuen
+foorth, that for default in such behalfe, the Saracens remaining as
+pledges should loose their heads.
+
+Saladine hauing knowledge thereof, sent word to king Richard and to the
+whole christian armie, that if his people that were in the christian
+mens hands lost their heads, he would not faile but cause the heads of
+all those christians which he had in captiuitie to be cut off also.
+Notwithstanding which answer, on the fourteenth day of August king
+Richard issued foorth of the citie, passing the vttermost ditches, and
+incamped himselfe neere the armie of Saladine, who the same daie sent
+rich presents vnto king Richard, requiring of him a longer day for
+performance of the couenants, but that would not be granted. [Sidenote:
+Saladine causeth the christian prisoners to be beheaded.] Wherefore vpon
+the said deniall, Saladine caused all those christian prisoners which he
+had in his hands to be beheaded on the eight�enth day of August, on
+which day king Richard aduanced foorth towards the lodgings of the
+Saracens, and skirmished with them verie hotlie, so that manie were
+wounded and slaine on both parts: and amongst other one of king Richards
+companions at all exercises named Peter Mignot lost his life there.
+Furthermore, although king Richard knew that Saladine had put the
+christian prisoners to death in such wise as you haue heard, yet would
+not he preuent his terme appointed for the execution of the Saracens
+that were in his custodie, but abiding vnto the twentith day of August,
+he then caused those Saracens which fell to his lot, at the time of the
+surrender of Acres, being in number about 2600. to be brought foorth of
+the citie, and n�ere to the walles in the sight of Saladine and all his
+host they had their heads chopped off. The duke of Burgoigne caused
+execution to be doone within the citie vpon those which fell to the
+French kings share, the number of the which rose to two thousand and
+foure hundred, or thereabouts: for the whole number was reckoned to be
+about fiue thousand that thus lost their liues through the inconstancie
+of their prince: yet diuerse of the principall had their liues saued.
+The Saracens themselues also spake much euill of Saladine for this
+matter, [Sidenote: _R. Houed._] bicause that refusing to performe the
+articles of couenants, he had occasioned the enimie to slea those that
+had so valiantlie serued in defense of the citie, to the vttermost
+ieopardie of their liues. And heere is verified that knowne verse,
+    Quicquid delirant reges plectuntur Achiui.
+
+[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] But now to leaue forren matters, and to returne
+home into England: we find, that on the second of December, the monks of
+Canturburie chose to their archbishop Reignold bishop of Bath, who
+within fifteene daies after his election, departed this life, and lieth
+buried at Bath. [Sidenote: Strife betwixt y^e archbishop of York and the
+bishop of Durham.] Also this yeare, or (as Ger. Dor. saith) in the yeare
+following, the bishop of Durham sought meanes to withdraw his subiection
+from the archbishop of Yorke, for which attempt the archbishop of Yorke,
+vpon trust of the popes grant, did not excommunicate the said bishop,
+notwithstanding that he appealed to the popes consistorie three seuerall
+times, putting his owne matter and his churches to be examined and tried
+by the pope, where vpon he obeied not the excommunication: and
+signifieng the cause vnto Rome, obteined such fauour, that the pope and
+his cardinals reuersed the sentence, and iudged the excommunication to
+be of none effect. And further they decreed, that if the archbishop of
+Yorke had broken the altars and chalices, as information was giuen, in
+which the bishop of Durham had celebrated after his appeale made to the
+court of Rome, that then should the said bishop of Durham be acquited
+from owing any subiection to the said archbishop for so long as they two
+should liue togither.
+
+True it is, that the archbishop had not onelie broken the altars and
+chalices which the bishop had vsed in d�ed for the celebration of masse,
+but also held his owne brother John earle of Mortaigne for
+excommunicate, bicause he had eat and dronke in companie of the said
+bishop, and would not communicate with him, till he came to receiue
+absolution, and to make satisfaction for his fault. In the end the
+bishops of Lincolne and Rochester, with the abbat of Peterburrow, were
+appointed by the pope to haue the hearing of this matter, as iudges
+authorised by his buls, who sat therevpon at Northampton, vpon S. Calixt
+his day, where after they had heard both parties argue what they could
+in either of their cases, they gaue a longer day, to wit, vntill the
+feast of the natiuitie of saint John Baptist next after, to see if by
+anie good means there might some agr�ement haue beene had betwixt them,
+or (if that could not be) that then the popes leters should stand in
+force as before, & the helpes of either part saued, as though no delaie
+had b�ene vsed. And to this, both parties were agreeable, speciallie at
+the motion of the bishop of Lincolne.
+
+[Sidenote: Roger Lacie conestable of Chester.] This yeare also, Roger de
+Lacie conestable of Chester tooke Alan de Lec and Peter de Bouencort,
+and vpon despite hanged them, for that being put in trust amongst other
+with the k�eping of the castels of Notingham and Tickhill, which he had
+receiued into his custodie of the bishop of Elie quondam lord
+chancellour, they had consented to the treason of Robert de Crokeston, &
+Eudo de Duuille, which deliuered the same castels vnto John earle of
+Mortaigne. The same earle of Mortaigne was highlie offended for the
+death of those two persons, and therefore wasted the lands of the said
+Roger which lay within the compasse of his iurisdiction.
+
+But now touching the departure of the French king from Acres, diuerse
+occasions are remembred by writers of the emulation and secret spite
+which he should beare towards king Richard, and beside other alreadie
+touched, one was for enterteining and rel�euing the earle of Champaigne
+in such bountifull wise in his necessitie, that he was readie to forsake
+the French kings seruice, and cleaue to king Richard. But howsoeuer it
+came to passe, partlie through enuie (as hath b�ene thought) conceiued
+at the great d�eds of king Richard, whose mightie power and valiantnesse
+he could not well abide, and partlie for other respects him moouing, he
+tooke the sea with thr�e gallies of the Geneuois, and returned into
+Italie, and so home into France, hauing promised first vnto king Richard
+at his departure out of the holie land, and after to pope Celestine at
+Rome, that he would not attempt any hurtfull enterprise against the
+English dominions, till king Richard should be returned foorth of the
+holie land. [Sidenote: The euill dealling & breach of promise of the
+French king.] But this promise was not kept, for after that he was
+returned into France, he first sought to procure the foresaid erle John,
+king Richards brother, to rebell against him, promising him not onelie
+aid to reduce all his brothers dominions into his hands, but also to
+giue his sister Adela in marriage, whom king Richard vpon suspicion of
+vnchast liuing, had forsaken, as before ye haue heard. But when earle
+John was dissuaded by his mother, from accepting this offer (which
+otherwise as it is said he would willinglie haue receiued) king Philip
+still reteined a malicious rancor in his hart, and in reuenge of old
+displeasures, would haue attempted the warre against the subiects of
+king Richard, if his lords would haue ioined with him: but they
+considering what slander would redound hereby both to him and them for
+the iniurie doone to the christian common-welth, in making warre against
+him that was occupied in defense of the faith against the common enimies
+of christendome, would not giue their consent thereto, and so the matter
+rested, till king Richard was taken prisoner in Almaigne, and then what
+followed, it shall after appeare.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._ Enuious discord among the christians.] In the
+meane while, the christian armie atchiued some worthie enterprises in
+the holie land, though not manie, by reason of such enuious discord as
+reigned amongst the ch�efe gouernours. It chanced yet on the �eue of the
+Natiuitie of our ladie next after the departure of king Philip, as king
+Richard marched foorth towards Japh ancientlie called Joppa, that the
+Soldan Saladine taking aduantage of the place, did set vpon the rereward
+of the christians: [Sidenote: K. Richard discomfiteth the Saracens n�ere
+to Port Japh.] but his Saracens (after they had fought right fiercelie
+from noone till sunne setting) were so beaten backe at length, and
+repelled with such losse and disaduantage, that in 40. yeares before
+they had not susteined at one time greater damage. Amongst other of the
+christians slaine at that encounter, was one James Dauenes, a man of
+high prowesse and valiancie.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] Moreouer, king Richard wan diuerse townes and
+castels out of the enimies hands, as Ascalon, Darus, and diuerse other,
+and some he fortified, as Ascalon aforesaid, and Port Japh, otherwise
+called Joppa. There were sundrie encounters also betwixt the Saracens
+and christians, wherein king Richard and his people bare themselues so
+manfullie, that the victorie for the most part continuallie rested on
+their side. [Sidenote: 1192.] At one time also, hearing of a great
+conueie of vittels, munitions, and other things which came from Babylon
+towards Jerusalem to furnish Saladine and his armie (which conueies they
+call carauannes) king Richard with a competent power of men met them on
+the waie, and distressed those that were attendant vpon the safegard of
+that carriage, being in number about two thousand horssemen, besides a
+great multitude of footmen, and therewith tooke the carriages with foure
+thousand and six hundred camels and dromedaries, besides an innumerable
+sort of mules, asses, and other beasts of burthen.
+
+� But to speake of all the worthie exploits atchiued by king Richard and
+his valiant capteins there in the holie land against the infidels, it
+would require a long treatise, and therefore here we passe them ouer.
+This is to be noted, that amongst other of whom we find honorable
+mention made by writers for their high valiancie shewed in those
+exploits, these are named as cheefe, [Sidenote: The names of such noble
+men as were famous for their valiant dooings in this voiage.] Robert
+earle of Leicester, Hubert bishop of Salisburie, with the earles of S.
+Paule and Dreux, beside diuerse other, as Hugh de Gourney, William de
+Borrez, Walcline de Ferrers, Roger de Toonie, James de Auenes, the
+bishop of Beauuois, William de Barres, William de Tarland, Drogo de
+Merlo, Robert de Nealle, Henrie Fitz Nicholas, Robert de Newburg, Rafe
+de S. Marie, Arnold de Bois, Henrie de Mailoc, William & Saule de Bruil,
+Andrew de Chauignie, Henrie de Graie, Peter de Pratellis, Stephan de
+Turneham, Baldwin Carron, Clarenbald de Mount Chablon, Manser de Lisle,
+Richard de Orques and Theodorike Philip, Ferrike de Vienne, Gilbert
+Malemaine, Alexander d'Arsie, Stephan de Longchamp, Seguin de Barret,
+Roger de Glanuille, Raimond Fitz Prince, Bartholomew de Mortimer, Gerard
+Furniuall, Rafe de Malleon, Roger de Sacie, [Sidenote: De Poole ali�s de
+Stagno.] William de Poole, Hugh de Neuill, Henrie Teutch or (if ye will)
+Teutonicus the kings standardbearer, with diuerse others, as well
+Englishmen, Frenchmen, Normans, Poictouins, Aniouines, Britans,
+Gascoignes, as other nations, of whome partlie mention is alreadie made
+before in this booke, and partlie for breefenesse diuerse are omitted.
+
+But now to returne, sure it is, that king Richard meant to haue
+recouered the citie of Jerusalem, and all the holie land out of the
+Saracens hands, by the assistance of almightie God: if the doubt which
+he had of his brother the earle of Mortaigns practises, & the French
+kings doings, which were brought to him with a greeuous report, had not
+reuoked him home. [Sidenote: _Galf. Vinsaf._] For diuerse messengers
+were sent dailie into the holie land, to aduertise him of such dangers
+as were like to insue, if by his speedie returne the same were not
+preuented. And first after Easter, there came to him the prior of
+Hereford with letters from the bishop of Elie, conteining a sore
+information against his brother earle John, for hauing expelled those
+whom he had appointed rulers ouer the realme of England, and altered the
+state of things there contrarie to the ordinances by him deuised afore
+his setting forward vpon his iournie (as before ye haue partlie heard.)
+
+Vpon receipt of which letters, he meant immediatlie at the first to haue
+returned, and to haue left behind him a conuenient power of men, to wit,
+thr�e hundred knights or men of armes, and two thousand chosen footmen,
+to abide vpon the defense of the holie land, with other christians at
+his costs and charges. But yet at length he was persuaded to tarrie,
+speciallie till things were set in some better staie, which were out of
+order by the death of the marques of Montferrato, lord of Tire,
+[Sidenote: The marques of Montferrato murthered by the Assassini.] whom
+two traitorous Saracens of the kind which they name Assassini had
+murthered. After whose death Henrie earle of Champaigne nephue to king
+Richard married his wife, and was made king of Jerusalem, Guido
+resigning to him his title, vnto whome as it were in recompense king
+Richard gaue the Ile of Cypres: although some write, that the knights
+Templers had bought it of him before. Thus king Richard remaining still
+in the holie land, shortlie after Whitsuntide, there came an other
+messenger to him, one John de Alanzon a clearke, bringing worsse newes
+out of England than the prior of Hereford had brought before, which in
+effect conteined, [Sidenote: Earle John purposed to seize vpon the
+kingdom in his brothers absence.] that his brother earle John was alied
+as a confederat with the French king, and meant through his setting on,
+to seize into his possession the whole realme of England,
+notwithstanding the persuasion of his mother qu�ene Elianor and other
+his fr�ends to the contrarie.
+
+Herevpon king Richard was fullie persuaded to returne home, but yet
+through the admonition of certeine persons, [Sidenote: William de
+Poicters K. Richards chapleine.] and namelie of one William de Poicters,
+a chapleine of his, he eftsoones altered his purpose, and so remained
+there, till at length through enuie and malice still increasing amongst
+the Christians, he perceiued how no good purpose go forward, since that
+which s�emed good to some, was misliked of other; and speciallie our
+writers put great blame in the French men, who either vpon disdaine or
+other displeasure would not be persuaded to follow their aduise, which
+were knowne best to vnderstand the state of things in those parties. And
+herevpon, when the armie was aduanced to Betenoble, a place not past
+foure leagues distant from Jerusalem, bicause their mind might not be
+fulfilled for the besieging of Jerusalem, which they had intended to
+take in hand (whereas the residue would rather that they shuld haue gone
+to besiege Babylon in Aegypt, and that vpon sundrie great respects) the
+Frenchmen raised their field, and returned againe to Acres in great
+despite, putting the rest of the armie also (so much as in them laie) in
+danger of vtter ruine and distresse.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 4.] Then king Richard and the other Christian
+capteins perceiuing how the matter inclined, and giuing ouer all hope of
+any more good successe, followed them. So that after they were thus
+returned to Acres, king Richard still doubting least his long absence
+from home might put him in danger of more losse here, than he saw hope
+of present gaine to be had there, in such diuersitie of humours and
+priuie malice which reigned among them, he determined fullie to depart
+homewards, with no lesse purpose to returne thither againe after he had
+setled things at home in such sure stay as was expedient for the suertie
+of his owne estate and quietnesse of his people. [Sidenote: _Wil.
+Paruus._] Herevpon being readie to enter into his ships at Acres [or as
+some haue, being on his iournie homewards in Cypres] he was aduertised
+that the Souldane Saladine had taken the town of Japh, slaine a great
+number of the christians within it, and besieged the residue within the
+castell, the which (constreined through feare) had compounded to y�eld,
+if within thr�e daies there came no succour.
+
+King Richard being hereof aduertised, and turning gr�ef into valiancie,
+with all sp�ed sailed backe vnto Japh, and landing there with his
+people, caused his enimies to forsake the towne: but anon assembling
+themselues againe togither, they turned once more to besiege it,
+wherevpon he issued foorth into the fields, [Sidenote: K. Richard
+rescueth Port Japh.] and fought with them sundrie daies togither, till
+finallie they were content to forsake their enterprise, and to depart
+thence for altogither. In these conflicts the valiant courage of King
+Richard, and the worthie manhood of his souldiers right well appeared:
+[Sidenote: _Rad. Niger._ _Matth. Paris._] for he brought not with him at
+that time vnto Japh aboue 80 men of armes, and foure hundred other
+souldiers with crossebowes, and yet with that small handfull of men, and
+some aid of them that he found there in the castell, he did not onelie
+bid battell to the enimies, which were numbered to 62 thousand, but also
+put them to the woorsse, and caused them to flee backe, to their great
+shame and confusion.
+
+[Sidenote: Cephas. K. Richard fell sicke.] Thus Japh being deliuered out
+of the enimies hands, king Richard fell sicke at a castell called
+Cephas, and so remained there certeine daies, till he had recouered his
+health. In which meane time the Soldane Saladine seeming to lament his
+case, sent vnto him certeine of his councellors to common with him of
+peace, declaring that although he well vnderstood that king Richard ment
+shortlie to returne into his countrie, and that after his departure out
+of the east parts, he could with small adoo recouer all that the
+christians yet held within the holie land, he would neuerthelesse in
+respect of king Richards high prowes, and noble valliancie, grant a
+peace for a certeine time, so that not onelie Ascalon, but also all
+other such townes and places as the christians had fortified or woone
+since the conquest of Acres should be raced, as touching their walles,
+bulworks, gates, and other fortifications.
+
+King Richard (though he perceiued that this offer of peace tended vnto
+this point cheefelie, that Saladine would thereby adnihilate whatsoeuer
+the christian armie had doone in the holie land since his & the French
+kings arriuall, so that by the said peace he should gaine more than by
+the edge of his sword) did somewhat staie at this offer and demand, as a
+thing greatlie dishonourable to the christians, to lose by treatie of
+peace so much or rather more than they got by force of warres (a meere
+token of faint and f�eble courage) yet considering that in such
+necessitie both of his departure from thence, and also of lacke of other
+succors to resist the puissance of the enimies, after his comming awaie,
+he iudged it best to take the offer at the enimies hands in auoiding of
+some greater euill. [Sidenote: A peace concluded betwixt the Christians
+& Saracens.] Herevpon therefore was a peace concluded to endure for
+thr�e yeares, thr�e moneths, thr�e w�eks, thr�e daies, and three houres,
+to begin at Easter next insuing. And among other articles, it was
+couenanted, that the christians should haue fr�e passage to come and go
+vnto the citie of Jerusalem, to visit the holie sepulchre there, which
+was granted; so that amongst a great number of christians that
+presentlie vpon this conclusion went thither, [Sidenote: Hubert bishop
+of Salisburie.] Hubert bishop of Salisburie was one, who had continued
+about the king during the time of all his iournie till this time.
+
+King Richard hauing thus concluded with Saladine, tooke the sea, and
+comming againe into Cypres, sent his wife queene Berengaria with his
+sister Joane (late qu�ene of Sicile) into England by the long seas, but
+he himselfe not minding to lie long on the seas, [Sidenote: K. Richard
+taketh his iornie homewards.] determined to take his course into Grecia,
+and so by land to passe homewards with all speed possible. Howbeit yer
+he could atteine his purpose, his chance was to be driuen by tempest
+into the coast of Istria, not farre from Aquilia, where he stood in some
+doubt of his life. For if he had beene knowne and taken, they would
+surelie haue killed him, [Sidenote: K. Richard slandered for the death
+of y^e marques of Montferrato.] bicause of the slander that went of
+him, as guiltie of the death of Conrade the marquesse of Montferrato,
+who ind�ed was slaine by two of the Assassini in the citie of Tyrus,
+whilest king Richard was in the holie land (as before y�e haue heard.)
+
+He therefore hauing here made shipwracke, and doubting to fall into the
+hands of any person in those parts that bare good will vnto the
+marquesse (against whome he had ind�ed shewed himselfe not freendlie in
+a quarrell betwixt the said marquesse and Guido king of Jerusalem) made
+the best shift he could to get away, yet knowledge being had of him,
+[Sidenote: _W. Paruus._ Erle of Gorze Saltzburge.] and serch made after
+him by one Meinard of Gorezein, he lost eight of his seruants, and so
+came to a towne within the bishoprike of Saltzburge called Frisake,
+where he was eftsoones in danger to haue beene taken againe by one
+Frederike de saint Soome, who notwithstanding tooke six of his men, but
+yet he himselfe with three other of his companie made shift to get away.
+[Sidenote: K. Richard commeth to Vienna.] Finallie comming to Vienna in
+Austrich, and there causing his seruants to prouide meat for him, more
+sumptuous and fine than was thought requisit for so meane a person as he
+counterfeited then to beare out in countenance, it was streightwaies
+suspected that he was some other maner of man than he pretended,
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] and in fine, those that marked more diligentlie
+the maner of him, perceiued what he was, and gaue knowledge to the duke
+of Austrich named Leopold, being then in the citie of Vienna, what they
+had seene. His page that had the Dutch toong, going about the towne to
+change gold, and buy vittels, bewraied him, hauing by chance the kings
+gloues vnder his girdle: wherevpon comming to be examined for feare of
+tortures confessed the truth.
+
+[Sidenote: _Ra. Niger._] The duke streightwaies caused the house where
+he was lodged, to be set about with armed men, and sent other into the
+house to apprehend him. He being warie that he was descried, got him to
+his weapon: but they aduising him to be contented, and alledging the
+dukes commandement, he boldlie answered, "that sith he must be taken, he
+being a king, would y�eld himselfe to none of the companie but to the
+duke alone, and therefore if it would please him to come, he would y�eld
+himselfe into his hands." [Sidenote: K. Richard submitteth himselfe to
+the duke of Austrich.] The duke hearing of this, sp�edilie came vnto
+him, whom he meeting, deliuered vp his sword, and committed him vnto his
+custodie. The duke reioising of such a preie, brought him vnto his
+palace, and with gentle words enterteined him, though he meant no great
+good towards him, as well inough appeared in that he committed him to
+the keeping of certeine gentlemen, which without much courtesie looked
+streightlie inough to him for starting awaie, in somuch that they kept
+him in cold irons (as some authours doo write.) [Sidenote: _N. Triuet._]
+He was taken after the maner aforesaid in December vpon S. Thomas �eue,
+in the y�ere of our Lord 1192. and in the fourth yeare of his reigne.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polychron._] The duke of Austrich owght the king no good
+will, bicause he had cast downe his ensignes pitcht vp in a turret at
+Acres, which he had woone at the verie time when that citie was
+deliuered by the Saracens: [Sidenote: The cause of the displeasure
+betwixt the duke of Austrich & king Richard.] for while they were in
+tretie on the one side, the duke on the other, not knowing anie thing
+thereof, gaue the assault vnto that part of the towne which was
+appointed vnto him to besiege. And so being entred the towne, and
+perceiuing that by treatie it was to be deliuered, he retired into the
+turret which he had first woone and entred, and there set vp his
+standard and ensignes, which king Richard (as the Dutch writers affirme)
+comming thither, threw downe and trode vnder his f�et.
+
+[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] But Geruasius Dorobornensis declareth this
+matter somewhat otherwise, as thus. After that the said citie of Acres
+was rendred into the christian mens hands (saith he) diuerse lords tooke
+their lodgings as they thought good, and hanged foorth their ensignes.
+And as it chanced, the duke of Austrich placing himselfe in one of the
+fairest palaces of all the citie, put foorth his ensigne, whereof king
+Richard being warie, came thither with a companie of hardie souldiers
+about him, and threw downe the dukes ensigne, so displacing him out of
+that so pleasant and beautifull a lodging. [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] For
+this cause, and also surmizing that king Richard should be guiltie of
+the death of the marques Conrade, the duke of Austrich shewed such
+discourtesie towards him. But concerning the murther of the marques, the
+ch�efe gouernour of those Saracens called Assassini cleared king Richard
+by a letter written and directed vnto the duke of Austrich in manner as
+followeth.
+
+     A letter directed to the duke of Austrich, wherein king Richard is
+     cleared of the death of the marquesse of Mountferrat, whereof he
+     was vehementlie suspected.
+
+     Lvpoldo duci Austri�, Vetus de Monte salutem. C�m plurimi reges &
+     principes vltra mare Richardum regem Angli� & dominum de morte
+     marchisi inculpent, iuro per dominum qui regnat in �ternum, &
+     per legem quam tenemus, qu�d in eius mortem nullam culpam habuit.
+     Est siquidem causa mortis ipsius marchisi talis. Vnus ex
+     fratribus nostris in vnam nauem de Satalei, ad partes nostras
+     veniebat, & tempestas illum fort� ad Tyrum appulit, & marchisus
+     fecit illum capere & occidere, & magnam pecuniam eius rapuit. Nos
+     ver� marchiso nuncios nostros misimus, mandantes vt pecuniam
+     fratris nostri nobis redderet, & de morte fratris nostri nobiscum
+     se concordaret, & noluit.
+
+     Nec non & nuncios nostros spreuit, & mortem fratris nostri super
+     Reginaldum dominum de Sidonis posuit, & nos tant�m fecimus per
+     amicos nostros, quod in veritate scimus, qu�d ille fecit illum
+     occidere & pecuniam rapere. Et iterum alium nuncium nostrum
+     nomine Edrisum misimus ad eum, quem in mare mergere voluit, sed
+     amici nostri illum � Tyro festinanter fecerunt recedere, qui ad
+     nos peruenit, & ista nobis nunciauit. Nos quoque ex illa hora
+     marchisum desiderauimus occidere. T�ncque duos fratres misimus ad
+     Tyrum, qui eum apert� & fer� coram omni populo Tyri occiderunt.
+
+     H�c erg� fuit causa mortis marchisi, & ben� dicimus vobis in
+     veritate, qu�d dominus Richardus rex Angli� in hac marchisi morte
+     nullam culpam habuit. Et qui propter hoc domino regi Angli� malum
+     fecerunt, iniust� fecerunt, & sine causa. Sciatis pro certo, qu�d
+     nullum hominem huius mundi pro mercede aliqua vel pecunia
+     occidimus, nisi pri�s nobis malum fecerit. Et sciatis qu�d has
+     literas fecimus in domo nostra ad castellum nostrum Messiat in
+     dimidio Septembri, anno ab Alexandro 1505.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     The same in English.
+
+     Vetus de Monte to Lupold duke of Austrich sendeth greeting. Where
+     manie kings and princes beyond the seas blame Richard king of
+     England of the marques his death, I sweare by the lord that
+     reigneth euerlastinglie, and by the law which we hold, that he
+     was not in fault for his death. For the verie cause of the
+     marques his death was such as followeth. One of our brethren in a
+     ship of Satalie came towards our parties, and chanced by tempest
+     to be driuen vnto Tyre, and the marques caused him to be taken
+     and slaine and tooke a great portion of monie that he had in the
+     ship with him. Whervpon we sent our messengers to the marques,
+     commanding him to restore vnto vs the monie of our brother, and
+     to compound with vs for our said brothers death, and he would
+     not.
+
+     Moreouer, he also contemned our messengers, & laid the fault of
+     our brothers death vpon Reginald lord of Sidon, and we did so
+     much through our freends, that we got full vnderstanding that the
+     marques himselfe caused him to be slaine, and tooke his monie.
+     And therefore we sent vnto him againe an other messenger named
+     Edrisus, whome he would haue drowned in the sea, but our freends
+     made such shift, that they procured him to depart with speed from
+     Tyre, who returned to vs, and signified these things to vs for
+     certeine. And from that houre euer after we had a desire to slea
+     the marques: and so then we sent two of our brethren vnto Tyre,
+     who openlie, & in a manner in presence of all the people of Tyre
+     slue him.
+
+     This therefore was the verie cause of the death of the marques: &
+     we say to you in good sooth, that the lord Richard king of
+     England, in this death of the marques was nothing culpable: and
+     they that haue doone anie displeasure vnto the king of England
+     for this cause, they haue doone it wrongfullie, and without anie
+     iust occasion. Know ye for certeine, that we do not vse to kill
+     anie man of this world for anie bribe, or for monie, except he
+     haue doone to vs some harme afore time. And know ye that we haue
+     made these letters in our house at our castell of Messuat, in the
+     midst of September, in the yeare from Alexander the great, 1505.
+
+� Thus we see how king Richard was cleared of that crime concerning the
+marques his death by the tenour of this letter. And verelie it is most
+like that king Richard would haue b�ene loth to haue communicated his
+purpose vnto such a wicked kind of pagans as the Assassini were, if he
+had pretended any such matter, but rather would haue sought his reuenge
+by some other meanes. Now therefore to our purpose.
+
+The newes of the taking of king Richard was anon bruted and blowne ouer
+all Germanie, wherevpon the emperour Henrie the sixt, the sonne of
+Frederike the first, [Sidenote: 1193.] sent in all hast vnto the duke,
+persuading him to deliuer the king into his hands, being able to
+susteine and abide the malice of all them that would be offended with
+the taking and deteining of him prisoner, as the pope and others. The
+emperour well vnderstood the wealth and riches of England, and therefore
+hoped to make some good purchase by ransoming the king, if he might get
+him out of the dukes hands. The duke perceiuing also the emperours
+meaning, durst not well denie his request, [Sidenote: The king is
+deliuered to the emperor. _Matth. Paris._] and therefore he deliuered
+the king vnto them that were sent from the emperour, who couenanted to
+giue vnto the said duke the summe of 6000. pounds of Cullen weight for
+the hauing of the said king. The emperour thus receiuing the king at the
+hands of the duke of Austrich, commanded that he should be committed to
+close prison, and would not doo so much as once speake with him. This he
+did, to cause the king vpon an indignation and wearinesse of that maner
+of life, to make speed in offering some large masse of monie for his
+libertie & deliuerance. � Thus we s�e how couetousnesse infected the
+hearts of the mightie, and what occasion the emperour and duke did take,
+to inrich themselues by the meanes of the king, whome they forced not to
+impouerish, so their owne greedie worme were serued. But this hath b�ene
+a disease not so generall as ancient, according to his words that said,
+    [Sidenote: _Ouid. lib. Fast. 1._]
+    Vix ego Saturno quenquam regnante videbam,
+      Cuius non animo dulcia lucra forent.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] Here is to be remembred by the waie, that
+about the same time, or somewhat before, [Sidenote: Two legats from y^e
+pope.] in the yeare of our Lord 1192. the pope sent two legats (namelie,
+Octauian bishop of Hostia, and Jordane de Fossa noua) into Normandie, to
+reconcile the bishop of Elie and the archbishop of Rouen: but comming
+vnto Gisors, they were staied from entring any further into the
+countrie, [Sidenote: Normandie interdicted.] wherevpon they did
+interdict the whole duchie of Normandie, togither with William Fitz
+Radulfe lord steward of that countrie, bicause he was the man that had
+so staied them. Immediatlie herevpon, queene Elianor, and the archbishop
+of Rouen sent vnto those legats Hugh bishop of Durham, requiring them to
+release that sentence of interdiction so pronounced against the steward
+and countrie of Normandie in the kings absence, but they would not,
+except they might be receiued into Normandie: howbeit, the pope being
+sent vnto, released it, and caused the legats to release it also, and
+yet they entred not into Normandie at all.
+
+[Sidenote: The earle of Pieregort & others wast the K. of Englands
+lands.] This yeare, whilest the seneschall of Gascoigne laie sicke, the
+earle of Pieregort, and the vicount of March, and almost all the lords
+and barons of Gascoigne, began to waste and destroie the lands of king
+Richard. And though the seneschall manie times by messengers required a
+peace, or at the least some truce, yet could he not haue any grant
+thereof: [Sidenote: The seneschal of Gascoigne reuengeth iniurie.]
+wherfore vpon his recouerie of health he inuaded the lands of the said
+earle, tooke the castels and fortresses and some of them he fortified,
+and kept to the kings vse, and some of them he raced downe to the
+ground. He also inuaded the vicounts countrie, and subdued it to the
+kings gouernement. [Sidenote: The king of Nauarres brother.] Shortlie
+after came the brother of the king of Nauarre, with eight hundred
+knights or men of armes to the seneschals aid, and so they two togither
+entring into the lands of the earle of Tholouse, tooke diuerse castels
+and fortresses within the same, of the which some they fortified, and
+some they raced, and rode euen to the gates of Tholouse, and lodged in
+maner vnder the walles of the citie.
+
+A little before Christmas also, diuerse of those that had b�ene in the
+holie land with king Richard, came home into England, not knowing but
+that king Richard had beene at home before them, and being asked where
+they thought he was become, they could say no more but that they had
+seene the ship wherein he first went aboord, arriuing at Brendize in
+Puglia. At length, when newes came that he was taken and staied as
+prisoner, the archbishop of Rouen and other the rulers of the realme of
+England, [Sidenote: The abbats of Boxley and Roberts-bridge.] sent the
+abbat of Boxeley and the abbat of Roberts-bridge with all sp�ed into
+Almaine to speake with him, and to vnderstand his state, and what his
+pleasure was in all things. Who comming to Germanie, passed through the
+countrie into Baierland, where at a place called Oxefer they found the
+king as then on his iournie towards the emperour, to whom (as y�e haue
+heard) the duke of Austrich did send him. The said abbats attended him
+to the emperours court, and remained there with him till the emperour
+and he were accorded, in manner as after shall be shewed: and then after
+Easter they returned with the newes into England.
+
+[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] Vpon report hereof order was taken for manie
+things, but cheefelie for the state: in which dealings, forsomuch as
+those which had the rule of the land stood in great doubt of things (for
+the inconstant nature of earle John was of them much suspected) first
+they caused a new oth of allegiance to be made to king Richard, and
+receiued of the people. They fortified also such townes and castels as
+were of importance, both with repairing the walles and other defenses
+about the same, and furnishing them with men, munition and vittels. Thus
+was the land brought into some order.
+
+[Sidenote: The French king counselleth K. John to vsurpe against his
+brother.] In the meane while, the French king being aduertised that king
+Richard was deteined as prisoner reioised not a little thereat, and with
+all speed by secret messages did send for his brother earle John, who
+was readie to come at his call. And being come, he exhorted him not to
+suffer so conuenient an occasion to passe, but to take the gouernement
+of the realme of England now into his hands, promising him all such aid
+as he could of him reasonablie require: with other like talke still
+tending to the prouocation of the earle to forsake his allegiance vnto
+his brother. And to say the truth, earle John was easilie persuaded so
+to doo, and therefore vpon his immediat returne into England, assembled
+an armie, and with the same (and such strangers as he brought with him)
+began to prooue maisteries, first winning the castels of Windsore,
+Wallingford, Notingham, and diuerse other, and fortifieng the same to
+his owne vse and defense.
+
+The barons of the land, iudging such vnlawfull doings not to be anie
+longer suffered, first besieged the castell of Windsore, and after
+preparing to leuie a greater force, did put them within in such feare,
+that they y�elded vp the same, s�eking to escape by flight, some into
+one place, and some into an other, the which yet being apprehended were
+put to worthie execution. [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] But this was not doone
+without continuance of time, & without great trouble & charges to the
+realme: for whereas there was a practise betwixt the French king and
+earle John, that a great power of strangers, & namelie Flemings should
+haue come into the realme (for whose transporting a great number of
+ships were brought togither at Witsand) yet the high prouidence and
+goodnesse of God disappointed their purpose. For their messengers being
+taken which were sent hither into England, the treason was reuealed, and
+by the queene mothers appointment (who cheefelie then ruled the land) a
+great companie of knights, men of armes, and commons of the countrie,
+watched the sea coasts ouer against Flanders, to keepe the enimies from
+landing. They began thus to watch in the passion w�eke, and so continued
+till a certeine time after Easter. Howbeit earle John came secr�etlie
+ouer, in hope to haue not onelie the assistance of the Welshmen and of
+manie other his freends in England, but also of the Scots, howbeit, the
+king of Scots would not meddle. He therefore with such Welshmen and
+other as he had brought ouer, and such Englishmen as he could get to
+take his part, began such attempts (as before ye haue heard) to the
+disquieting of the whole realme, and great displeasure of the king.
+
+Moreouer, beside that power of the barons which laid siege to Windsor
+castell, there were Noble men also in other parts of the realme that
+were readie to resist him. [Sidenote: The archbishop of Yorke. Hugh
+Bardolfe. William de Stuteuille.] And amongst other, Geffrey the
+archbishop of Yorke, with Hugh Bardolfe one of the kings iustices, and
+William de Stuteuille, assembled an armie, and comming to Doncaster,
+fortified[9] the towne: but when the archbishop would haue gone forward
+to besiege the castell of Tickhill, which earle John had in possession,
+the other two his associats would not consent to go with him, bicause
+they were seruants, and reteined with earle John. Herewith the
+archbishop being sore offended, departed from them, calling them
+traitors to their king, and enimies to the realme.
+
+About the same time did the French king enter into Normandie with an
+armie, & comming to the towne of Gisors, besieged it, the which one
+Gilbert de Vascoll or Guascoill capteine thereof (to his high reproch)
+y�elded vp vnto him, with an other castell also called Nefle, which he
+had likewise in k�eping. [Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] After this, the
+French king entring into the countrie of Veuxine or Veulquessine, wan
+diuers towns and fortresses in the same, and passing forward, tooke Val
+de Rueil, and Neusburge, [Sidenote: Rouen besieged.] and finallie
+comming before the citie of Rouen he laid siege thereto: [Sidenote: The
+earle of Leicester.] but the earle of Leicester being gotten into the
+citie before the French kings comming thither, so incouraged the
+citizens, that they stoutlie standing to their defense, caused the
+French king to his great dishonour to raise his field, hauing lost there
+more than he wan. [Sidenote: _Polydor._] Yet to saue other townes and
+castels from taking, and the countrie from destruction, the rulers of
+the same procured a truce for a great summe of monie, which they
+couenanted to giue, deliuering vp foure notable castels by waie of
+engagement, till the summe agreed vpon should be to him contented and
+dulie paid.
+
+In the meane time, earle John as head of all the conspiratours,
+perceiuing himselfe not able to atchieue his purpose as then, nor to
+resist the lords and barons of the realme, being vp in armour against
+him, and now growen to greater stomach, bicause they vnderstood by the
+bishop of Salisburie latelie arriued, of the kings welfare, and hope of
+deliuerance; and furthermore, considering that he was disappointed both
+of Scots and Flemings as he had well hoped should haue come to his aid:
+he tooke a truce with the lords of the kings side, by the earnest
+trauell of the bishop of Salisburie, [Sidenote: Michaelmas, saith _Ger.
+Dorob._] till the feast of All saincts, so as the castels of Windsore,
+Wallingford, and the Peake, should remaine in the hands of his mother
+queene Elianor; but the castels of Notingham and Tickhill remained still
+in his owne possession, the which with such other castels as he held
+within the land, he furnished with garrisons of his owne men and
+freends, and then went againe ouer into France to the French king, to
+purchase some new aid at his hands according to his promise.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] Here will we leaue earle John conferring with
+the French king, and returne to the king of England. Vpon Palmesundaie
+after that he was deliuered (or rather betraied) into the emperours
+hands, he was brought before the princes and lords of the empire,
+[Sidenote: The emperour chargeth king Richard with iniuries doone to the
+Sicilians.] in whose presence the emperour charged him with diuerse
+vnlawfull dooings: and namelie picked a quarell at him for the wrongs
+and hurts doone to the Sicilians in time of his soiourning in their Ile,
+as he went towards the holie land. For albeit the said emperour had
+nothing as then to doo in the countrie, yet for somuch as he had latelie
+recouered the Ile of Sicile out of king Tancreds hands, and was now
+intituled king thereof by the pope, in right of his wife Constance, the
+daughter of Roger king of Sicile, and so by reason therof seemed to be
+gr�euouslie offended with him for his dooings about the recouering of
+the monie from Tancred, which neuerthelesse was iustlie due vnto his
+sister for her dowrie, as in the processe afore I haue alreadie
+declared. [Sidenote: _W. Paruus._ _Matth. West._ The kings wisdome in
+making his answere.] King Richard notwithstanding these vaine and other
+friuolous obiections laid to his charge, made his answears alwaies so
+pithilie and directlie to all that could be laid against him, and
+excused himselfe in euerie point so not onelie greatlie commended him
+for the same, but from thencefoorth vsed him more courteouslie, and
+suffered that his fr�ends might haue accesse to him more fr�elie than
+before they could be permitted.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._] The pope also being aduertised of the taking of
+king Richard, was much offended, that anie Christian prince, hauing
+taken vpon him the defense of the Christian faith against the infidels,
+should be so vsed in his returne from so godlie an enterprise: and
+therefore sent both to the duke of Austrich, and to the emperour,
+requiring them to set him at libertie. But the emperour declared
+plainlie that he would be answered for such summes of monie as king
+Richard had taken out of Sicile before he would release him or set him
+at libertie.
+
+[Sidenote: The bishop of Salisburie sent into England.] When king
+Richard perceiued that no excuses would serue, though neuer so iust, but
+that he must n�eds paie to his couetous host some great summe of monie
+for his hard interteinment, he sent the bishop of Salisburie into
+England, to take order with the barons of the realme to prouide for the
+paiment of his ransome, which bishop (as y�e haue heard) after the peace
+concluded with Saladine, went vnto Jerusalem to visit the holie
+sepulchre, and now comming into Sicile, as he returned homewards, had
+knowledge there how king Richard was taken prisoner in Austrich, and
+remained in the emperours hands: wherevpon he turned that waie foorth,
+and comming to him, was now sent into England with commission (as I haue
+said) to leauie monie for the kings ransome. He landed here the twentith
+day of Aprill, [Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] by whose comming the land was the
+sooner brought in quiet: for the agr�ement which earle John tooke (as
+before y�e haue heard) was cheefelie procured by his meanes. For till
+his comming, the castell of Windsore was not woone, the siege being but
+slackelie followed by the archbishop of Rouen, who had diuerse of his
+fr�ends within it, and therefore was not verie earnest against them.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ The bishop of Elie commeth to the king.] When
+the bishop of Salisburie was departed towards England, the bishop of
+Elie came to the king and trauelled so earnestlie betwixt the emperour
+and him, that finallie the emperour (partlie through his suit, & partlie
+for that he had beene verie much called vpon by the pope and other for
+his deliuerie) tooke order with him for the red�eming of his libertie,
+[Sidenote: The emperor agr�eth with king Richard for his ransome. _N.
+Triuet._ _Matth. Paris._] and appointed what summe he should pay for his
+ransome, which (as some write) was two hundred thousand markes: other
+saie that it was but 140 thousand marks of the poise of Cullen weight.
+But William Paruus, who liued in those daies, affirmeth it was one
+hundred thousand pounds, and Roger Houeden saith an hundred thousand
+marks of Cullen poise, to be paid presentlie at the kings first comming
+into England, and fiftie thousand marks afterwards, that is to say,
+thirtie thousand to the emperour, and twentie thousand to the duke of
+Austrich, as it were in recompense of the iniurie done to him in the
+holie land; where king Richard ouerthrew his ensignes: and for the same
+to deliuer sufficient suerties.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ Lands assigned to king Richard.] Moreouer, we
+find in Roger Houeden that the emperour amongst other the articles of
+this agr�ement thus concluded betwixt him and king Richard, gaue and
+granted, and by his letters patents confirmed vnto him these lands
+hereafter mentioned, that is to saie: Prouance with the citie of Vienne,
+and Viennois, the citie of Marseils, Narbon, Arles and Lion vpon the
+Rhone, with the countrie vp to the Alps, and all those possessions which
+belonged to the empire in Burgoine, with the homages of the king of
+Aragon and of the earle of S. Giles: wherein is to be noted, that with
+the precinct of the premisses thus granted to king Richard, fiue
+archbishops s�es, and thirtie three bishops s�es are included. Howbeit
+the truth is, that the emperour neuer had possession of these countries,
+cities, and towns himselfe, neither would the inhabitants receiue any
+person so by him appointed to their lord and gouernour, wherefore the
+king made small account of that his so large grant. But after he once
+vnderstood the certeintie of the summe that he should paie for his
+ransome (which businesse he most attended) he sent one with letters by
+and by and in great hast into England to his treasurers, requiring them
+with all conuenient sp�ed to prouide monie, [Sidenote: _Polydor._] and
+to send it to him by a day, that he might be set at libertie with sp�ed.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ Order taken for leuieng monie to paie the kings
+ransome.] These letters being come to the qu�ene mother, and other that
+had charge in gouernance of the realme, tooke order that all maner of
+persons as well spirituall as temporall, should giue the fourth part of
+their whole reuenues to them for that yeare accrewing, and as much more
+of their mooueable goods, and that of euerie knights f�e there should be
+leuied the sum of twentie shillings. Also that the religious houses of
+the orders of the Cisteaux and Sempringham should giue all their wools
+for that yeare towards the kings ransome.
+
+[Sidenote: The hard dealing of officers in the collection.] Now those
+that had commission to leuie this monie, being poisoned with
+couetousnesse, and incensed with a gr�edie desire (than the which as the
+poet saith,
+    ---- nulla est hac maior Erinnys,
+    Hanc memorant Acheronte satam, per tristia Ditis
+    Regna truces agitare faces, &c.)
+vsed much streightnesse in exacting it, not onelie leuieng it to the
+vttermost value and extent of mens lands, goods, and possessions, but
+after their owne willes and pleasures: so that vnder colour of the kings
+commission, and letters to them directed, there s�emed not a tribute or
+subsidie to be raised, but by some publike proclamation all the goods
+and substance of the people to be appointed as a prey to the kings
+officers, whereby it came to passe, that not onelie priuate mens goods,
+[Sidenote: Church iewels.] but also the chalices, iewels, and vessels
+belonging to the church were turned into monie, and a farre greater
+summe made than was at the first commanded, a great part of the ouerplus
+being conuerted to the vse of those, through whose hands the receipt
+passed. There was no priuilege nor freedome allowed to exempt any person
+or place for being contributorie towards the paiment of this monie. The
+order of Cisteaux that were neuer charged with any paiment before, were
+now assessed more d�epelie than the rest.
+
+[Sidenote: The bishop of Norwich.] The bishop of Norwich lamenting the
+iniurious dealings of the pettie officers, and pittieng the people of
+the church, collected halfe the value of all the chalices within his
+diocesse himselfe, and to make vp the other halfe of the whole summe, he
+spared not to giue a great portion of his owne treasure. [Sidenote: The
+abbat of saint Albons.] The abbat of S. Albons acquitted all those
+churches within the compasse of his iurisdiction, by the gift of an
+hundred marks. [Sidenote: The bishop of Chester.] But the bishop of
+Chester had verie ill lucke with his collections; for hauing gathered a
+great summe of monie to the kings vse, he was spoiled thereof in one
+night, as he lodged neere vnto Canturburie, being vpon his iournie
+towards the king. [Sidenote: Matthew de Cl�ere.] And bicause Matthew de
+Cl�ere that laie in the castell of Douer was knowne to aid those that
+robbed the said bishop, the archbishop of Canturburie pronounced him
+accurssed.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ The bishop of Elie.] About this time, and on the
+morrow after the natiuitie of saint John Baptist, the bishop of Elie
+lord chancellour arriued in England, not shewing himselfe in any
+statelie port (for he tooke vpon him neither the dignitie of chancellour
+nor legat, nor yet of iustice) but onelie as a simple bishop and
+messenger sent from the king. The qu�ene mother, the archbishop of
+Rouen, and such other as had gouernment of the land, hearing of his
+comming, met him at saint Albons, where he shewed to them the emperours
+letters, conteining the agreement made betwixt him and king Richard, and
+withall appointed certeine lords & barons to go with him at his returne
+backe to the king, as Gilbert bishop of Rochester, Sifrid bishop of
+Chichester, Bennet abbat of Peterborow, Richard earle of Clare, Roger
+Bigot earle of Norfolke, Geffrey de Saie, and diuerse other. It was also
+ordeined at this same time, that the monie gathered towards the paiment
+of the kings ransome should remaine in custodie of Hubert bishop of
+Salisburie, Richard bishop of London, William earle of Arundell,
+Hameline earle of Warren, and of the Maior of London, vnder the seales
+of the qu�ene mother, and of the archbishop of Rouen.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 5.] � But s�e the hap of things, whilest ech one was
+thus occupied about the aforesaid monie; [Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] it
+chanced that king Richard was at the point to haue b�ene deliuered into
+the hands of his deadlie aduersarie the French king, as hereafter you
+shall heare, noting by the waie the dangerous estate of princes, the
+manifold distresses whereinto by sinister fate (as well as the inferior
+& rascall rout of common drudges) they be driuen. For what greater
+calamitie, what gr�euouser hartach, what more miserable casualtie could
+haue happened vnto a bondman, than to be deliuered to and fro from the
+hand of one enimie to another, to be bought and sold for monie, to stand
+to the courtesies of forren foes, of a king to become a captiue?
+whervnto the poet did right well allude, when he said,
+    [Sidenote: _Hor. lib. car. 1. ode 10._]
+    S�pius ventis agitatur ingens
+    Pinus, & cels� grauiore casu
+    Decidunt turres, feri�ntq; summos
+      Fulmina montes.
+
+The emperour vpon displeasure conceiued against the bishop of Liege,
+which latelie had atteined to that benefice contrarie to the emperours
+pleasure, who wished the same rather to an other person, [Sidenote: The
+bishop of Liege murthered.] hired certeine naughtie fellowes to go into
+France, where the bishop remained for feare of the emperours malice, and
+there to find meanes traitorouslie to slea him, which they accordinglie
+did, by reason whereof the duke of Louaigne that was brother to the
+bishop, and other of his kinsmen, vpon knowledge had thereof, meant to
+haue made the emperour warre, in reuenge of that murther: insomuch that
+the emperour, to haue the French kings aid against them, was minded to
+haue deliuered K. Richard vnto him.
+
+Howbeit after that the matter was taken vp, and a concord made betwixt
+the emperour and his nobles, he changed his purpose also touching the
+deliuering ouer of king Richard, who perceiuing that till his ransome
+were paid (which would amount to the summe of an hundred & fiftie
+thousand marks) he should not get libertie: and putting great confidence
+in the dexteritie and diligence of Hubert bishop of Salisburie (whome he
+sent as ye haue heard into England to deale for the leuieng of the same)
+he thought good to aduance the same bishop to the metropolitane s�e of
+Canturburie, which had beene vacant euer sithence the decease of
+archbishop Baldwine, that died (as ye haue heard) in the holie land.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._] Herevpon writing to the bishops of the
+realme, and to the moonks of Canturburie, he required them to proc�ed to
+the election of an archbishop for that see, and withall commended vnto
+them the foresaid Hubert, as a man most sufficient and m�et for that
+roome. [Sidenote: Hubert bishop of Salisburie elected archbishop of
+Caturburie.] He wrote likewise to the queene to further that matter, and
+easilie hereby obteined his desire. For shortlie after, the same Hubert
+was elected by the bishops and moonks, which assembled togither for that
+purpose. He was the 41 archbishop that gouerned that see: for although
+Reginold bishop of Bath was elected before him, yet bicause he died yer
+he was installed, he is not put in the number.
+
+The king being now put in good hope of his sp�edie deliuerance, sent
+into England, willing his mother qu�ene Elianor, the archbishop of Rouen
+and others, to come ouer vnto him into Almaine, [Sidenote: Hubert
+archbishop of Caturburie, lord ch�efe iustice.] and in the meane time he
+ordeined Hubert the archbishop of Canturburie to remaine at home as lord
+cheefe iustice. After this, the emperour with the aduice of the princes
+of the empire, assigned a day to king Richard, in which he should be
+deliuered out of captiuitie, which was the mondaie next after the
+twentith day of Christmasse. Wherevpon king Richard wrote vnto Hubert
+archbishop of Canturburie in forme as followeth.
+
+     The tenour of king Richards letters to the said archbishop.
+
+     Richardus Dei gratia rex Angli�, & dux Normani� & Aquitani�, &
+     comes Andigaui�, venerabili patri nostro in Christo, & amico
+     charissimo Huberto eadem gratia Cantuariensi archiepiscopo
+     salutem & sincer� dilectionis plenitudinem. Quoniam certiores
+     sumus, qu�d liberationem nostram plurim�m desideratis, & qu�d
+     liberatio nostra admodum vos l�tificat, scripto volumus qu�d
+     l�titiae nostr� participes sitis. Inde est qu�d dilectioni vestr�
+     dignum duximus significare, dominum imperatorem certum diem
+     liberationis nostr� nobis praefixisse, in die lun� proxima post
+     vicessimum diem natiuitatis Domini, & die dominica proxima
+     sequenti coronabimur de regno prouinci�, quod nobis dedit. Vnde
+     mittimus in Angliam literas domini imperatoris super hijs
+     patentes, vobis & c�teris amicis nostris beneuolis. Vos autem
+     interim pro omni posse vestro quos scitis nos diligere, consolari
+     velitis, & quos scitis promotionem nostram desiderare. Teste
+     meipso apud Spiram 22. die Septembris.
+
+The emperour also signified by his letters to the lords of England his
+resolute determination in this matter, as followeth.
+
+     The tenour of the emperours letters to the States of England
+     touching king Richard, and the day of his deliuerance, &c.
+
+     Henricus Dei gratia Romanorum imperator, & semper Augustus,
+     dilectis suis archiep. episcopis, comitibus, baronibus,
+     militibus, & vniuersis alijs fidelibus Richardi illustris regis
+     Anglorum gratiam suam & omne bonum. Vniuersitati vestr� duximus
+     intimandum, qu�d dilecto amico nostro Richardo illustri regi
+     Anglorum domino vestro certum diem liberationis suæ statuimus, �
+     secunda feria post diem natiuitatis domini in tres septimanas
+     apud Spiram siue apud Berenatiam, & inde in septem dies posuimus
+     ei diem coronationis su� de regno Prouinci�, quod ei promisimus:
+     & hoc certum habeatis, & indubitatum, nostri siquidem propositi
+     est, & voluntatis, pr�fatum dominum vestrum specialem promouere
+     sicut amicum nostrum, & magnificenti�s honorare. Datum apud
+     Theallusam vigilia beati Thom� Apostoli.
+
+Before this king Richard had sent the bishop of Elie into France vnto
+his brother earle John, who preuailed so much with him, that he returned
+into Normandie, and there sware fealtie vnto his brother king Richard,
+and so was contented to forsake the French king. But whereas king
+Richard commanded that all such castels and honours as he had giuen to
+him afore time, should now be restored to him againe, as well those in
+England, as the other on the further side the sea: such as had the same
+castels in k�eping would not obeie the kings commandement herein,
+[Sidenote: The kings commandement not obeied.] refusing to make
+restitution of those places, according to the tenour & purport of the
+kings writ, vnto the said earle of Mortaigne, by reason of which
+refusall, he returned againe to the French king, and stucke to him.
+Herevpon the French king gaue vnto him the castels of Dreincourt, and
+Arques, the which ought to haue b�ene deliuered vnto the archbishop of
+Reimes as in pledge, who had trauelled as a meane betwixt the French
+king to whom he was vncle, and the king of England to whom he was
+cousine, procuring a meeting for agreement to be had betwixt them at a
+certeine place betwixt Vaucolur and Tulle in the borders of Lorraine.
+But notwithstanding all that he could doo, matters were so farre out of
+frame, and such mistrust was entred into the minds of the parties, that
+no conclusion held. So that all the hope which king Richard had, was by
+paiment of his ransome to red�eme his libertie, and then to shift with
+things as he might. [Sidenote: 1194.] And so finallie when the monie was
+once readie, or rather a sufficient portion thereof, the same was
+conueied ouer into Germanie, and paiment made to the emperour of the
+more part of the kings ransome, and sufficient pledges left with him for
+the rest, as the archbishop of Rouen, the bishop of Bath [Baldwin Wac]
+and other which were of late come out of England to see and salute the
+king.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ King Richard released out of captiuitie.]
+Herevpon king Richard, after he had beene prisoner one yeare, six
+weekes, and thr�e daies, was set at libertie on Candlemasse day (as most
+writers agr�e) and then with long and hastie iournies, not k�eping the
+high waies, he hasted foorth towards England. It is reported that if he
+had lingred by the way, he had b�ene eftsoones apprehended. For the
+emperour being incensed against him by ambassadors that came from the
+French king, immediatlie after he was set forward, began to repent
+himselfe in that he had suffered him so soon to depart from him, and
+herevpon sent men after him with all speed to bring him backe if they
+could by any meanes ouertake him, meaning as then to haue kept him in
+perpetuall prison.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ The offers of the French K. and erle John to haue
+the K. of England kept still in prison.] Some write that those
+ambassadours sent from the French king, with other from earle John, came
+to the emperor before king Richard was deliuered, offering in the French
+kings name fiftie thousand marks of siluer, and in the name of earle
+John thirtie thousand, vpon condition that K. Richard might remaine
+still in captiuitie vntill the feast of S. Michaell next insuing; or
+else if it might so please him, he should receiue a thousand pounds of
+siluer for euerie moneth, whilest king Richard should be deteined in his
+prison, or otherwise fiftie thousand marks of siluer more than the first
+offer, at one entire paiment, if he would deliuer him into their hands,
+or at the leastwise to k�epe him prisoner by the terme of one whole
+yeare.
+
+The emperour hearing of such large offers, and yet hoping for more,
+contrarie to his promise and letters patents therefore granted, proroged
+the day in which king Richard should haue b�ene set at libertie, till
+Candlemasse after, at which daie he was brought from Haguenaw vnto
+Spiers, where the emperour had called a councell to intreat further of
+the matter touching his redemption. Here the emperour shewed the letters
+which he had receiued from the French king and earle John vnto king
+Richard, who vpon sight and perusing of the same, was maruellouslie
+amazed, and began to despaire of all speedie deliuerance.
+
+Ind�ed the emperour sought delaies vpon a couetous desire of the monie
+offered by the French king and earle John, [Sidenote: The princes that
+had vndertaken for the emperor to performe the couenants.] but yet such
+princes and great lords as had vndertaken for the emperour, that the
+couenants and articles on his part agr�ed vpon in the accord passed
+betwixt him and king Richard, should be in ech behalfe performed [that
+is to saie, the archbishops of Ments, Cullen, and Saltzburge, the
+bishops of Wormes, Spiers, and Liege, the dukes of Suaben, Austrich, &
+Louain, the Palsgraue of the Rhine, and others] came to the emperour,
+and reproouing him for his couetous mind, in that he deferred the
+restoring of king Richard to his libertie, contrarie to the composition,
+did so much preuaile, that the emperour receiuing pledges for the
+paiment of the monie yet behind (as before ye haue heard) released king
+Richard out of captiuitie on the second or (as Roger Houeden saith) the
+fourth day of Februarie, being a dismall day and an infortunate (as they
+note them in kalendars.) [Sidenote: Robert de Nouant.] And where the
+king would haue left Robert de Nouant the bishop of Couentries brother
+for a pledge amongst the other, he refused to be one of the number,
+alledging that he was seruant to earle John. King Richard greeuouslie
+offended herewith, commanded that he should be apprehended, and
+committed to prison, & so he was. This Robert was one of those that came
+with the letters from the French king and earle John to the emperour,
+about the staieng of king Richards deliuerance.
+
+Furthermore, king Richard the same day in which he was restored to
+libertie, summoned by his letters Hugh Nouant bishop of Couentrie, to
+appeare in his court, to answer such things as were to be obiected
+against him, both before spirituall iudges in that he was a bishop, and
+also before temporall in that he had holden and exercised a temporall
+office. On the verie same day also the emperour and the princes of the
+empire, sent letters vnder their hands and seales to the French king,
+and to John erle of Mortaigne, commanding them immediatlie vpon sight of
+the same letters, to restore vnto king Richard all those castels,
+cities, townes, lands, and other things, which they had taken from him
+during the time of his remaining in captiuitie, and if they refused thus
+to doo, then they gaue them to vnderstand by the same letters, that they
+would aid king Richard to recouer that by force, which had beene
+wrongfullie taken from him.
+
+Moreouer king Richard gaue and by his deed confirmed vnto sundrie
+princes of the empire for their homage and fealtie, [Sidenote: Y�erelie
+pensions giuen by the king to certeine princes of the empire.] certeine
+yearelie pensions, as to the archbishop of Ments and Cullen, to the
+bishop of Liege, to the dukes of Austrich and Louaine, to the marquesse
+of Mountferrat, [Sidenote: Memburge.] to the duke of Meglenburge, to the
+duke of Suaben the emperors brother, to the earle of Bins, to the earle
+of Holland, and to the sonne of the earle of Henault, of all the which,
+and other mo, he receiued homage, or rather had their promise by oth to
+aid him against the French king, which French king, now that he sawe no
+hope nor likelihood remaining to bring the emperour to the bent of his
+bowe for the deteining of K. Richard still in captiuitie, raised a power
+foorthwith, [Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._ The French king inuadeth
+Normandie.] & entring into Normandie (the truce notwithstanding) tooke
+the towne of Eureux, with diuerse other fortresses thereabouts, and
+after he had doone misch�efe inough, as it were wearied with[10] euill
+dooing, he granted eftsoones to stand to the truce, and so returned
+home.
+
+Finallie after king Richard had dispatched his businesse with the
+emperour, and the princes of Almaigne, he set forward on his iournie
+towards England, and hauing the emperours passeport, came to Cullen,
+where he was ioifullie receiued of the archbishop, the which archbishop
+attended on him till he came to Antwerpe, where king Richard tooke the
+water in a gallie that belonged to Alane de Trenchmere, but in the night
+he went into a ship of Rie, being a verie faire vessell, and so laie
+aboord in hir all the night, [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] and in the
+morning returned to the gallie, and so sailed about the coast, till he
+came to the hauen of Swin in Flanders, and there staieng fiue daies, on
+the six day he set foorth againe, [Sidenote: He landed the 20. of March
+being sundaie as _R. Houeden_[11] and _Rafe de Diceto_ write.] and at
+length in good safetie landed at Sandwich the twelfe daie of March, and
+the morrow after came to Canturburie where he was receiued with
+procession, as Ger. Dor. saith. From thence he went to Rochester, and on
+the Wednesday being the sixteenth of March, he came vnto London, where
+he was receiued with great ioy and gladnesse of the people, giuing
+heartie thanks to almightie GOD for his safe returne and deliuerance.
+
+� It is recorded by writers, that when such lords of Almaine as came
+ouer with him, saw the great riches which the Londoners shewed in that
+triumphant receiuing of their souereigne lord and king, they maruelled
+greatlie thereat, insomuch that one of them said vnto him; "Surelie oh
+king, your people are wise and subtile, which do nothing doubt to shew
+the beautifull shine of their riches now that they haue receiued you
+home, whereas before they seemed to bewaile their need and pouertie,
+whilest you remained in captiuitie. For verelie if the emperour had
+vnderstood that the riches of the realme had bin such, neither would he
+haue beene persuaded that England could haue b�ene made bare of wealth,
+neither yet should you so lightlie haue escaped his hands without the
+paiment of a more huge and intollerable ransome."
+
+The same yeare that king Richard was taken (as before is mentioned) by
+the duke of Austrich, one night in the moneth of Januarie about the
+first watch of the same night, the northwest side of the element
+appeared of such a ruddie colour as though it had burned, without any
+clouds or other darknesse to couer it, so that the stars shined through
+that rednesse, and might be verie well discerned. Diuerse bright strakes
+appeared to flash vpwards now and then, diuiding the rednesse, thorough
+the which the stars s�emed to be of a bright sanguine colour. In
+Februarie next insuing, one night after midnight the like woonder was
+s�ene, and shortlie after newes came that the king was taken in
+Almaigne.
+
+On the second daie of Nouember also a little before the breake of the
+daie, the like thing appeared againe with lesse feare and woonder to the
+people (than before) being now better accustomed to the like sight
+againe. And now the same daie and selfe houre that the king arriued at
+Sandwich, being the second houre of that daie, whilest the sunne shone
+verie bright and cleare, there appeared a most brightsome and
+vnaccustomed clearnesse, not farre distant from the sunne, as it were to
+the length and breadth of a mans personage, hauing a red shining
+brightnesse withall, like to the rainbow, which strange sight when manie
+beheld, there were that prognosticated the king alreadie to be arriued.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ Diuerse sieges held at one time.] In this meane
+while the bishop of Durham with a great armie besieged the castell of
+Tickhill; and earle Dauid brother to the king of Scots, with Ranulfe
+earle of Chester, and earle Ferrers, besieged the castell of Notingham,
+whilest at the same present the archbishop of Canturburie with a great
+power besieged Marleburgh castell, the which within a few daies was
+rendred into his hands, the liues and lims of them within saued. Also
+the castell of Lancaster was deliuered to him, the which the same
+archbishops brother had in k�eping vnder earle John, [Sidenote: S.
+Michaels mount.] and likewise the abbeie of S. Michaels mount in
+Cornwall, the which abbeie Henrie de la Pomerey chasing out the moonks,
+had fortified against the king, and hearing newes of the kings returne
+home, died (as it was thought) for m�ere gr�efe and feare. These three
+places were surrendered to the archbishop before the kings returne, but
+Tickhill & Notingham held out.
+
+King Richard being returned into England, and vnderstanding both how the
+French king made warre against him in Normandie, and that the state of
+England was not a little disquieted, by the practise of his brother
+earle John and his complices, speciallie by reason that diuerse castels
+were defended by such as he had placed in them, he thought good with all
+speed to cut off such occasions as might br�ed a[12] further misch�efe.
+[Sidenote: The king goeth to Notingham and winneth the castel. _Rog.
+Houed._] Wherevpon he first went to Notingham, and within thr�e daies
+after his comming thither (which was on the daie of the Annunciation of
+our ladie) he constreined them that kept the castell there in his
+brothers name, to yeeld themselues simplie vnto his mercie, after they
+had abidden diuerse assaults, by the which euen the first daie the vtter
+gates were burnt, and certeine defenses destroied, which they had made
+before the same.
+
+The cheefe of them that were within this castell to defend it were
+these, William de Vendeuall conestable there, Roger de Mountbegun, Rafe
+Murdach, Philip de Worceter and Ranulfe de Worceter, brethren. The morow
+after the surrender was made, the king went to Clipstone, [Sidenote: The
+forest of Shirewood.] and rode into the forrest of Shirewood, where he
+had neuer b�ene before, the view whereof pleased him greatlie. The
+castell of Tickhill was likewise at the same time y�elded vnto the
+bishop of Durham, who receiued it to the kings vse, and them that kept
+it as prisoners, without anie composition, but standing simplie to the
+K. mercie. For although those that had these castels in keeping, were
+sufficientlie prouided of all necessarie things for defense, yet the
+sudden comming of the king (whom they thought verelie would neuer haue
+returned) put them in such feare, that they wist not what to make of the
+matter, and so (as men amazed) they y�elded without anie further
+exception. [Sidenote: The castel of Tickhill y�elded. _Rog. Houed._] The
+bishop of Durham bringing those prisoners with him which had y�elded vp
+this castell of Tickhill, came to the king the 27 daie of March, the
+verie daie before that Notingham castell was giuen ouer.
+
+[Sidenote: Strife betwixt y^e archbishops for carieng of their crosses.]
+Moreouer, this is to be remembred, that during the siege of Notingham,
+contention arose betwixt the two archbishops of Canturburie and Yorke,
+about the carriage of their crosses. For Hubert archbishop of
+Canturburie comming thither, had his crosse borne before him; the
+archbishop of Yorke (hauing no crosse there at all) was verie sore
+offended, that anie other should go with crosse borne before him in his
+diocesse, and therfore complained hereof to the king. But the
+archbishop of Canturburie mainteined that he had not doone anie thing
+but that which was lawfull for him to doo, and therevpon made his
+appeale to Rome, that the pope might haue the hearing and iudging of
+that controuersie betwixt them.
+
+In the meane time, after the king had got the castells of Notingham and
+Tickhill into his hands (as ye haue heard) he called a parlement at
+Notingham, where the qu�ene mother sat on the right hand of him, and the
+archbishops of Canturburie & Yorke on the left, with other bishops,
+earles and barons according to their places. [Sidenote: Officers
+discharged.] On the first daie of their session was Gerard de Camuille
+discharged of the office which he had borne of shiriffe of Lincolne, and
+dispossessed both of the castell & countie. And so likewise was Hugh
+Bardolfe of the castell and countie of Yorke, and of the castell of
+Scarbourgh, and of the custodie and k�eping of the countrie of
+Westmerland, the which offices being now in the kings hands, [Sidenote:
+Lieutenantships set on sale.] he set them on sale to him that would giue
+most. Hereof it came to passe, that where the lord chancellour offered
+to giue fift�ene hundred markes before hand, for the counties of Yorke,
+Lincolne and Northampton, and an hundred markes of increase of rent for
+euerie of the same counties, [Sidenote: The archbishop of Yorks offer.]
+Geffrey archbishop of Yorke offered to the king thr�e thousand markes
+aforehand, onelie for the countie of Yorke, and an hundred markes
+yearelie of increase, and so had the same committed to his regiment.
+
+[Sidenote: The bishop of Chester.] Moreouer in this parlement, the king
+demanded iudgement against his brother John, and Hugh Nouant the bishop
+of Couentrie and Chester, for such traitorous and most disloiall
+attempts as they had made against him and his countries, and iudgement
+was giuen that both the said earle and bishop should haue summons giuen
+them peremptorilie to appeare, and if within fortie daies after, they
+came not to answer such plaints as might be laid against them, then
+should earle John forfeit all that he had within the realme, and the
+bishop should stand to the iudgement of the bishops, in that he was a
+bishop, and to the temporall lords in that he had b�ene the kings
+shiriffe.
+
+[Sidenote: A subsidie.] In this parlement also, in the kalends of
+Aprill, the king procured a subsidie to be granted to him, to wit, two
+shillings of euerie plough land through England, which maner of subsidie
+by an old name is called Teemen toll, or Theyme toll. He also commanded
+that euerie man should make for him the third part of knights seruice,
+accordinglie as euerie f�e might beare, to furnish him foorth into
+Normandie. He demanded of the moonks Cisteaux, all their wooles for the
+same yeare. But bicause that seemed an ouer greeuous burthen vnto them,
+they fined with him, as after shall appeare. The fourth day of this
+parlement, by the kings permission manie greeuous complaints were
+exhibited against the archbishop of Yorke, [Sidenote: The archbishop of
+Yorke accused.] for extortion and other vniust vexations, which he had
+practised: but he passed so little thereof, that he made no answer vnto
+their billes.
+
+[Sidenote: Gerard de Camuille charged with felonie and treason.]
+Moreouer through the procurement of the lord chancellour, Gerard de
+Camuille was arreigned for receiuing th�eues, and robbers, which had
+robbed certeine merchants of their goods, that were going to the faire
+of Stamfort; also they appealed him of treason for refusing to stand to
+his triall by order of the kings lawes at commandement of the kings
+iustices, bearing himselfe to be earle Johns man, and aiding the same
+earle against the king. But all these accusations he flatlie denied, and
+so his aduersaries put in pledges to follow their suit, and he put in
+the like to defend himselfe by one of his fr�eholders.
+
+[Sidenote: The king of Scots commeth to s�e the king of England.] The
+same daie king Richard receiued the king of Scots at Clipstone, comming
+now to visit him, and to reioise with him for his safe returne home
+after so long a iournie, and so manie passed perils. After they had
+spent the time a certeine space in ioy and mirth, the fourth of Aprill
+at their being togither at Malton, the king of Scots required of king
+Richard to haue restored to him the counties of Northumberland,
+Cumberland and Westmerland, with the countie of Lancaster also, the
+which in right of his predecessors belonged to him (as he alledged.)
+
+[Sidenote: A parlement.] King Richard assembling a parlement of the
+Nobles of his realme at Northampton, about sixt�ene daies after that the
+Scotish king had made this request, gaue him answer that by no means he
+might as then satisfie his petition: for if he should so doo, his
+aduersaries in France would report that he did it for feare, and not for
+any loue or hartie fr�endship. [Sidenote: A grant made to the king of
+Scots what allowance he should haue when he came to England.] But yet
+king Richard in the presence of his mother qu�ene Elianor, and the lords
+spirituall and temporall of his realme togither at that present
+assembled, granted and by his d�ed confirmed vnto the said king of
+Scots, and to his heires for euer, that whensoeuer he or any of them
+should come by summons of the king of England vnto his court, the bishop
+of Durham, and the shiriffe of Northumberland should receiue him at the
+water of Tw�ed, and safe conduct him vnto the water of These, and there
+should the archbishop of Yorke, and the shiriffe of Yorke be readie to
+receiue him of them, and from thence giue their attendance vpon him vnto
+the borders of the next shire.
+
+It was also granted to the said king, that he should be attended from
+shire to shire by prelats and shiriffes, till he came to the kings
+court, also from the time that the king of Scotland should enter this
+realme of England, he should haue dailie out of the kings pursse for his
+liuerie an hundred shillings, and after he came to the court, he should
+haue an allowance dailie for his liuerie, so long as he there remained,
+thirtie shillings and twelue manchet wastels, twelue manchet simnels,
+foure gallons of the best wine, and eight gallons of houshold wine, two
+pound of pepper, foure pound of cumin, two stone of wax, or else foure
+links, and fortie great and long colpons of such candels as are serued
+before the king, and foure and twentie colpons of other candels that
+serue for the houshold. And when he should returne into his countrie
+againe, then should he be conueied with the bishops and shiriffes from
+countie to countie, till he come to the water of Tw�ed, hauing an
+hundred shillings a day of liuerie, &c: as is before appointed. The
+charter of this grant was deliuered vnto William king of Scots in the
+towne of Northampton, in Easter w�eke, by the hands of William bishop of
+Elie lord chancellour, in the yeare of our lord 1194, and in the fift
+yeare of king Richard his reigne.
+
+[Sidenote: A councell holden at Winchester.] After this, on the fift�enth
+day of Aprill, king Richard hauing the said king of Scots in his
+companie came to Winchester, where he called a councell, and there in
+open assemblie he highlie commended all those of the Nobilitie, that in
+his absence had shewed themselues faithfull, and resisted his brother,
+and such other his complices, which had as disloiall persons rebelled
+against him. Here he also proclaimed his said brother, and all those
+that tooke his part, traitours to the crowne, and tooke order for the
+punishment of them, that (being of their faction) could by any means be
+apprehended.
+
+Furthermore, to put awaie as it were the reproofe of his captiuitie and
+imprisonment (by the reuiuing of his noblenesse, which he had in high
+estimation.
+    ---- pretio nam dignior omni est
+    Nobilitas, h�c non emitur nec venditur auro)
+[Sidenote: The king crowned anew.] he caused himselfe to be eftsoones
+crowned by the archbishop Hubert, on the 18 of Aprill, at Winchester,
+and so shewed himselfe as a new crowned king (in hope of good successe
+and better lucke to follow) in the presence of the said king of Scots,
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ The king of Scots beareth one of the swords
+before the king of England.] who bare one of the thr�e swords before
+him, going in the middle betwixt two earles, that is to saie, Hamelin
+earle of Warren going on his right hand, and Ranulfe earle of Chester on
+his left. The canapie vnder the which he went was borne vp also by foure
+earles, Norffolke, Lislewight, Salisburie, and Ferrers. The bishop of
+Elie lord chancellour went on the right hand of the king, and the bishop
+of London on the left. [Sidenote: The citizens of London.] At dinner
+also the citizens of London serued him in the butterie by reason of two
+hundred marks which they had giuen the king that they might so doo,
+notwithstanding the claime and challenge made by the citizens of
+Winchester, the which serued him in the kitchin.
+
+The archbishop of Yorke was commanded that he should not be present at
+the coronation, least some tumult might arise about the hauing of his
+crosse borne afore him, to the displeasure of the archbishop of
+Canturburie, who stood in it, that no prelat within his prouince ought
+to haue any crosse borne before him, himselfe excepted.
+
+[Sidenote: A parlement called.] After this, he called a parlement, by
+vertue whereof he reuoked backe and resumed into his hands all patents,
+annuities, f�es, and other grants (before his voiage into the holie
+land) by him made, or otherwise granted or alienated. And bicause it
+shuld not seeme that he vsed a m�ere violent extortion herein, he
+treated with euerie one of them in most courteous wise, bearing them in
+hand, that he knew well they ment not to let foorth their monie to him
+vpon vsurie, but would be contented with such reasonable gaine and
+profit, as had b�ene raised to their vse in time of his absence of those
+things which they held of him by assignation in way of lone, so that now
+the same might be restored to him againe, sith he ment not to sell them,
+but to let them foorth as it were to farme for the time, as all men
+might well vnderstand, considering that he could not mainteine the port
+of a king without receipt of those profits which he had so let foorth.
+With these gentle words therefore mixed with some dreadfull allegations,
+he brought them all into such perplexitie, [Sidenote: The bold courage
+of the bishop of Lincolne.] that not one of them durst withstand his
+request, nor alledge that he had wrong doone to him, except Hugh the
+bishop of Lincolne, who sticked not to saie, that the king in this
+demand did them and the rest open iniurie. [Sidenote: The bishop of
+Durham lost his earledome.] The bishop of Durham lost his earledome, and
+was constreined to content himselfe with his old bishoprike, and to
+leaue the dignitie of an earle, or at the leastwise the possessions
+which he had bought of the king before his setting forward into the
+holie land.
+
+Thus the king recouered those things for the which he had receiued great
+summes of monie, without making any recompense, where the most part of
+the occupiers had not receiued scarselie a third part of the principall
+which they had laid foorth. For no sufficiencie of grant, patent, or
+other writing to any of them before made, did any thing auaile them.
+[Sidenote: K. Richards practises. The moonks Cisteaux.] Moreouer, where
+he had borrowed a great summe of monie of the merchants of the staple,
+he wrought a feat with the moonks of the Cisteaux order to discharge
+that debt. He told these moonks that being constreined with vrgent
+necessitie, he had borowed that monie of the merchants beyond the sea,
+vpon confidence of their good beneuolence, and therefore he required
+them to extend their liberallitie so farre toward him, as to deliuer so
+much wooll in value, as should discharge that debt. To be short, the
+moonks being ouercome with the kings words, threatning kindnesse vpon
+them, fulfilled his request. Moreouer not satisfied herewith, he leuied
+a taske throughout the realme, exacting of euerie hide of land two
+shillings, according to the grant made to him at Notingham: and the same
+was generallie gathered, as well of the spirituall mens lands as of the
+temporall.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ The king of Scots maketh suit for
+Northumberland.] The king of Scots vnderstanding that the bishop of
+Durham had giuen ouer and resigned the earledome of Northumberland into
+the kings hands, thought good once againe to assaie if he might compasse
+his desire, and herewith he began his former suit afresh, offering to
+king Richard fift�ene thousand markes of siluer for the whole earledome
+of Northumberland with the appurtenances, as his father earle Henrie did
+hold the same before. The king taking counsell in the matter, agreed
+that he should haue it for that monie, excepting the castels: but the
+king of Scots would haue castels and all, or else he would not bargaine.
+
+Finallie, after he had sundrie times mooued this suit for the hauing of
+the lands vnto which he pretended a title, and could get nothing of king
+Richard but faire words, putting him as it were in hope to obteine that
+he required at his next returne out of France, vpon the 22 daie of
+Aprill being fridaie, he tooke leaue of the king, and returned towards
+his countrie, not verie ioifull, in that he could not obteine his suit.
+King Richard in this meane while caused all those prisoners that were
+taken in the castels of Notingham, Tickhill, Marleburgh, Lancaster[13],
+and S. Michaels mount, which were of any wealth to be put in prison,
+[Sidenote: Mainprise.] that they might fine for their ransoms. The
+residue he suffered to depart vpon suerties, that were bound for them
+in an hundredth marks a peece, to be forth comming when they should be
+called.
+
+Now the king (after he had gathered a great portion of monie, and
+ordeined diuerse things for the behoofe of the common-wealth, thereby to
+satisfie the harts of the people) prepared himselfe to saile into
+Normandie. [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] But first he reconciled the
+archbishop of Yorke, and the bishop of Elie lord chancellour, aswell for
+the apprehension & imprisoning of the archbishop at Douer, as for the
+dishonourable expulsion of the chancellour out of England, in such wise
+that the chancellour should vpon reasonable summons giuen to him by the
+archbishop, sware with the hands of an hundred pr�ests with him, that he
+neither commanded nor willed that the archbishop should be apprehended.
+The controuersie betwixt the two archbishops about the bearing of their
+crosses, the king would not meddle withall, for (as he said) that
+perteined to the pope. Yet the archbishop of Canturburie complained to
+king Richard of the iniurie doone to him at that present by the
+archbishop of Yorke, presuming within his prouince to haue his crosse
+borne before him. At length when the kings prouision was once readie for
+his voiage into Normandie, he came to Douer, and hearing that the French
+king had besieged the towne of Vernueil, and that the same was in danger
+to be taken, he tooke the sea togither with his mother qu�ene Elianor on
+the ninth daie of Maie, [Sidenote: The king transporteth ouer into
+France.] and transporting ouer into Normandie, arriued at Harfl�et with
+an hundred great ships fraught with men, horsses and armour.
+
+The French king hearing of king Richards arriuall, and that he was
+comming with a great power to the succour of them within Vernueil, and
+was alreadie incamped n�ere to the towne of the Eagle, [Sidenote: The
+French king raiseth his siege from Vernueil.] he plucked vp his tents in
+the night before Witsundaie, and leauing the siege, departed from
+thence, and tooke a certeine small fortresse by the waie as he marched,
+wherein he left a few souldiers to keepe it to his vse. King Richard
+herewith entring into the French dominions, sent three bands of
+souldiers towards Vale de Ruell, and went himselfe vnto Loches, and
+besieging that castell wan it within a short time. [Sidenote: _N.
+Triuet._] The Normans also recouered the citie of Eureux out of the
+French mens hands, but those that were sent vnto Ruell, and had besieged
+the castell there an eight daies without any gaine, hearing that the
+French king was comming towards them, departed thence, & came backe to
+the kings campe, wherevpon the French king comming to Ruell raced it to
+the ground, bicause his enimie should not at anie time in winning it
+nestle there to the further damage of the countrie.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] About the same time, Robert earle of Leicester
+issuing foorth of Rouen in hope to worke some feat to the damage of the
+Frenchmen, as he rode somewhat vnaduisedlie in the lands of Hugh
+Gourney, [Sidenote: The earle of Leicester taken prisoner.] fell within
+danger of his enimies, who tooke him prisoner, and a few other that were
+in his companie. The French king after this came with his armie into the
+coasts of Touraine; and marched neere Vandosme, and there incamped,
+whereof king Richard being aduertised, drew n�ere to Vandosme, meaning
+to assaile the French king in his campe, who hauing knowledge thereof
+dislodged with his armie earlie in the morning, and fled awaie (to his
+great dishonour) in all hast possible. The king of England with his
+people following in chase of the Frenchmen slue manie, and tooke a great
+number of prisoners, amongst whome was the French kings ch�efe
+treasurer. Also the Englishmen tooke manie wagons and sumpters laden
+with crossebowes, armour, plate, apparell, and the furniture of the
+French kings chapell. This chanced about 37 daies after his fl�eing in
+the night from Vernueil, of which two flights of the French king (in
+manner as ye haue heard) we find these verses written:
+
+    Gallia fugisti bis, & hoc sub rege Philippo,
+      Nec sunt sub modio facta pudenda tuo.
+    Vernolium sumit testem fuga prima, secunda
+      Vindocinum, noctem prima, secunda diem.
+    Nocte fugam primam rapuisti, man� secundam,
+      Prima nictus vitio, v�q; secunda fuit.
+
+    France, twice thou fledst, while Philip reign'd,
+      the world dooth know thy shame,
+    For Vernueil witnesse beares of th' one,
+      next Vandosme knowes the same.
+    The first by night, the next by day,
+      thy heart and force doo showe,
+    That first through feare, and next by force,
+      was wrought thine ouerthrowe.
+
+[Sidenote: Geffrey de Rancon. The earle of Engolesme. The king of Nauars
+brother.] In this meane while certeine rebels in Guien, as the lord
+Geffrey de Rancin[14] or Rancon, and the earle of Engolesme with their
+complices, vpon confidence of the French kings assistance, sore
+disquieted the countrie. Howbeit, the sonne of the king of Nauarre, and
+brother to Berengaria the qu�ene of England, entring into Guien with an
+armie, wasted the lands of both those rebels, till he was called home by
+reason of his fathers death which chanced about the same time.
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 6.] Shortlie after Geffrey Rancin died, and king
+Richard comming into his countrie, wan the strong castell of Tailleburge
+by surrender, which apperteined to the same Geffrey with others, and
+then going against the other rebels, [Sidenote: Engolesme woone.] he wan
+the citie of Engolesme from him by force of assault. All which time the
+French king stirred not, by reason that there was some communication in
+hand for a truce to be taken betwixt him and king Richard, which by
+mediation of certeine bishops was shortlie after concluded, to endure
+for twelue moneths. [Sidenote: _Polydor._ _Wil. Paruus._] The bishop of
+Elie was ch�efe commissioner for the king of England, and this truce was
+accorded about Lammas, and serued to little purpose, except to giue
+libertie to either prince to breath a little, [Sidenote: _Polydor._] and
+in the meane time to prouide themselues of men, munition, ships & monie,
+that immediatlie after the terme was expired, they might with greater
+force returne to the field againe, for they had not onelie a like desire
+to follow the warres, but also vsed a like meane and practise to leuie
+monie.
+
+[Sidenote: Great exactions.] For whereas they had alreadie made the
+temporaltie bare with often paiments, and calling them foorth to serue
+personallie in the warres, they thought best now to fetch a fleece from
+the spiritualtie and churchmen, considering also that they had b�ene by
+reason of their immunitie more gentlie dealt with, and not appointed to
+serue themselues in anie maner of wise. [Sidenote: The colour pretended
+in leuieng of monie.] To colour this exaction which they knew would be
+euill taken of manie, they bruted abroad, that they leuied this monie
+vpon purpose, to send it into the holie land, towards the paiment of the
+christian souldiers, which remained there vpon defense of those townes,
+which yet the Saracens had not conquered. King Richard therfore comming
+to Towrs in Touraine, required a great summe of monie of the cleargie in
+those parts, and the like request he made throughout all those his
+dominions, on that further side of the sea. King Philip for his part
+demanded likewise intollerable tithes and duties of all the churchmen in
+his territories, and those that had the gathering of that monie serued
+their owne turne, in dealing most streightlie with sillie pr�ests,
+making them to paie what they thought good, though sometime beyond the
+bounds of equitie and reason.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ Inquisitions taken by a iurie of sundrie
+matters.] In September, the iustices itinerants made their circuits
+thorough euerie shire and countie of this realme, causing inquisitions
+to be taken by substantiall iuries of pl�es of the crowne both old and
+new, of recognisances, of escheats, of wards, of mariages, of all maner
+of offendors against the lawes and ordinances of the relme, and of all
+other transgressors, falsifiers, and murtherers of Jewes; of the
+pledges, goods, lands, debts, and writings of Jewes that were slaine,
+and of other circumstances touching that matter. Likewise of the
+accompts of shiriffes, as to vnderstand what had b�ene giuen towards the
+kings ransome, how much had b�ene receiued, and what remained behind to
+receiue. Also of the lands that belonged to erle John, and what goods he
+had, and what he held in demaine, in wards, escheats, and in gifts, and
+for what cause they were giuen. Furthermore, of his fautors and
+partakers, which had made fines with the king, and which not, with manie
+other articles touching the same earle. [Sidenote: Vsurers.] Also of
+vsurers, and of their goods being seized, of wines sold contrarie to the
+assise, of false measures, and of such as hauing receiued the crosse to
+go into the holie land, died before they set forward. Also of grand
+assises that were of an hundred shillings land or vnder, and of
+defaults, and of diuerse other things, the iurats were charged to
+inquire, and present the same.
+
+The iustices also were appointed to cause the manours, farmes and lands
+which the king held in demaine, or by wards and escheats, to be surueied
+by a substantiall iurie, and to take order for the conuerting of them to
+such vse, as the king might be answered of the gaines rising by the same
+at the farmers hands. [Sidenote: Iewes.] Also, the Iewes were appointed
+to inroll all their debts, pledges, lands, houses, rents and
+possessions. [Sidenote: Iustices, shiriffes and other officers.]
+Moreouer, inquisition was taken of iustices, shiriffes, bailiffes,
+conestables, foresters and other officers belonging to the king, to
+vnderstand in what maner they had behaued themselues in taking and
+seizing of things into their hands, and of all such goods, gifts and
+promises had and receiued by occasion of leasure made of the lands of
+earle John and his fautors, and who receiued the same, [Sidenote: Hubert
+archbishop of Canturburie lord ch�efe iustice.] and what delaie was
+granted by commandement of Hubert archbishop of Canturburie, then lord
+ch�efe iustice.
+
+In this meane time, whilest these inquisitions were thus taken in
+England, king Richard comming foorth of Poictou into Aniou, [Sidenote:
+Officers driuen to fine for their offices.] caused all the bailiffes and
+officers of that countrie, and also of Maine, to fine with him for their
+offices. [Sidenote: The king offended with the lord chauncellor.] After
+this, when he came downe into Normandie, he s�emed in shew to be
+offended with his chancellour the bishop of Elie, about concluding of
+the truce with the French king (where as ye haue heard he was cheefe
+commissioner) misliking greatlie all that was doone therein, and
+therefore he tooke the seale from him, and caused a new seale to be
+made, commanding to be proclaimed thorough all his dominions, that
+whatsoeuer had b�ene sealed with the old seale, should stand in no
+force, both for that his chancellor had wrought more vndiscreetlie than
+was conuenient; [Sidenote: A new seale.] and againe, bicause the same
+seale was lost, when Roger Malus Catulus his vicechancellour was
+drowned, who perished, among other by shipracke, n�ere to the Ile of
+Cypres, before the king arriued there, being as then on his iournie into
+the holie land. Therefore all men had commandement to come to this new
+seale, that they might haue their charters and writings confirmed.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._ The king returneth into England. He granteth
+the English men licence to tournie.] Furthermore, whilest the truce yet
+lasted, king Richard sailed ouer into England, where he caused turnies
+to be exercised in diuerse places, for the better training vp of
+souldiers in feats of warre, that they might growe more skilfull and
+perfect in the same, when they should come to the triall of their
+forces, whereby he raised no small summes of monie for granting license
+to his subiects so to tournie. [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ Fines paid for
+licence to exercise turnements.] Euerie earle that would tournie, paid
+to him for his licence twentie marks, euerie baron ten marks, and euerie
+knight hauing lands, did giue foure marks, and those that had no lands
+two marks, to the great damnifieng of the people; hauing learned the
+common lesson, and receiued the ordinarie rule followed of all, and
+neglected of none; namelie,
+    [Sidenote: _Mal. Pal. in suo sap._]
+    ---- opus est nummis vel morte relictis,
+    Vel sorte inuentis, vel quauis arte paratis,
+    Quippe inopem mala multa pati contingit vb�q;,
+    Nec sine diuitijs fas cuiquam ducere vitam
+    Foelicem, &c.
+
+The charter of this grant was deliuered by the king vnto William earle
+of Salisburie, to haue the k�eping thereof: but Hubert Walter the
+archbishop of Canturburie, and lord ch�efe iustice, bade his brother
+Theobald Walter collector of the monie, for the scraping and raking
+togither whereof, in huge sums, he put the former shifts of extortion
+and exaction in practise.
+
+     The tenour of the charter concerning the turnements before
+     remembred.
+
+     Richard by the grace of God king of England, duke of Normandie
+     and Aquitaine, and earle of Aniou, to the reuerend father in
+     Christ, Hubert archbishop of Canturburie, and primat of all
+     England, sendeth greeting. Know ye that we haue granted
+     turnaments to be kept in England in fiue steeds, to wit, betwixt
+     Sarisburie and Wilton, betwixt Warwike and Kenelworth, betwixt
+     Stanford and Warmeford, betwixt Brackley and Nixburgh, betwixt
+     Blie & Tickhill, so that the peace of our land be not broken, nor
+     yet our iustices authoritie diminished, nor any damage doone to
+     our forrests. Prouided that what earle soeuer will turney there,
+     shall giue to vs twentie markes, a baron ten marks, a knight
+     that hath lands foure marks and he that hath no lands shall giue
+     two marks.
+
+     Moreouer, no stranger shall be admitted to turney there, wherevpon
+     we command you, that at the daie of the turnieng, ye haue there two
+     clarkes, and two of our knights to receiue the oth of the earles
+     and barons, which shall satisfie vs of the said summes of monie,
+     before the turnieng begin, and that they suffer none to turnie,
+     till (before) they haue made paiment, and haue caused to be entred
+     how much & of whom they haue receiued: and ye shall take ten marks
+     for this charter to our vse, whereof the earle of Salisburie, and
+     the earle of Clare, and the earle of Warren are pledges. [Sidenote:
+     Bishops towne.] Witnesse myselfe, at Ville Leuesche, the two and
+     twentith of August.
+
+Furthermore, ordinances were made and set foorth for the safe keeping of
+the peace, so that such as would turney, neither by the waie in comming
+or going, or whilest the turnieng lasted, should violentlie take any
+thing to serue their necessarie vses, without paieng therefore to the
+owner according to the woorth, nor should doo iniurie to any man in any
+manner of wise. But now to the other dooings of king Richard, [Sidenote:
+I thinke he came not ouer at all into England at this time, but rather
+sent his mind vnto the archbishop.] who made no long abode in England at
+this time, but shortlie returned into Normandie, bicause he heard that
+king Philip had an armie readie leuied. Wherefore meaning to buckle with
+him vpon occasion offered, he made the more hast, and being landed
+there, approched vnto the borders of the French dominions, incamping
+himselfe with his armie in the field, to wait for the time that the
+truce should be expired, least the enimie should in any exploit preuent
+him. In like manner king Philip hauing with him earle John king Richards
+brother, kept his souldiers and men of warre in a readines with him, to
+worke any feat that should be thought expedient assoone as the truce
+should end.
+
+[Sidenote: 1195.] Whilest both these kings were thus bent to powre out
+their malice, and to ease their stomachs with dint of sword, [Sidenote:
+Messengers from the pope.] there came messengers from the pope,
+exhorting him vnto peace and quietnesse, but his exhortation little
+auailed. For they regarding it little or nothing, immediatlie as the
+truce was expired, got them abroad into the field, [Sidenote: Isoldune.]
+& king Richard drew towards Isoldune, a towne situat in the confines of
+Berrie, whither it was reported that the French king meant to come: and
+there staid for him a whole day togither. But the French king hearing
+that king Richard was there to looke for him, thought it best not to
+come there at all. Wherefore king Richard went the next daie vnto a
+castell called Brison, and tooke it vpon his first approch. Then went he
+to a towne called Nouencourt and perceiuing the same to be strong and
+well manned, tooke not in hand to assaile it till the third daie after
+his comming thither, at what time he so inclosed the same round about
+with diligent watch and ward, that a cat could not haue escaped out of
+the place, neither by daie nor night, but that she should haue b�ene
+espied. [Sidenote: Nouencourt y�eldeth to K. Richard. Albermarle
+besieged. _Matt. West._ _Polydor._] They within being put in feare
+herewith, yeelded vp the towne the daie next following, in which meane
+time the French king besieged Albemarle.
+
+Herevpon king Richard, hauing left a garrison of souldiers in
+Nouencourt, came to raise the enimie from his siege, & setting vpon the
+Frenchmen, there began a sharpe fight: but the Englishmen being wearie
+with trauell of their passed iournie, and hauing rashlie entred into the
+battell, were not able to indure the Frenchmens violence, so that (not
+without great losse) they were constreined to retire with swift flight,
+or (to saie the truth) to run awaie a maine pase. The French king hauing
+thus chased his enimies, returned to assault Albemarle, woone the
+castell by force, and the towne by composition, permitting the garrison
+there to depart with all their armour. This doone, he ruinated the
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ The earle of Leicesters offer for his ransome.]
+castell flat to the ground. Robert earle of Leicester offered to the
+French king a thousand marks sterling for his ransome, and to quite
+claime to him and his heires for euer all the right which he had to the
+castell of Pascie, with the appurtenances, and to get a confirmation
+thereof for him both of the pope, and of the king of England: but for
+that the warre still lasted, the French king tooke a respite in
+answering this offer, neuerthelesse afterwards in the yeare next
+insuing, he tooke it, and so the earle was set at libertie.
+
+Not long after this foresaid repulse, the king of England hauing
+refreshed his souldiers with some rest after their great trauell, went
+to Million, [Sidenote: Million won and rased.] and giuing assault to the
+towne wan it at the first brunt, and made it plaine with the earth.
+[Sidenote: A motion for peace.] Then was a motion made for peace betwixt
+the two kings, being now wearied with long wars: whereof when earle John
+was aduertised, who (as it should s�eme by some writers) hauing tarried
+with the French king till this present, began now to doubt least if any
+agr�ement were made, he might happilie be betraied of the French king by
+couenants that should passe betwixt them: he determined therefore with
+himselfe to commit his whole safetie to his naturall brother, and to no
+man else, perceiuing that the French king made not so great accompt of
+him after the losse of his castels in England, as he had doone before.
+
+Herevpon comming to his brother king Richard, "he besought him to pardon
+his offense, and though he had not dealt brotherlie towards him, yet
+that he would brotherlie forgiue him his rebellious trespasse, adding
+furthermore, that whereas he had not heretofore beene thankefull for his
+manifold benefits which he had receiued at his hands, yet he was now
+most sorie therefore, and was willing to make amends: wherewith he
+acknowledged the safegard of his life to rest in him, for the which he
+was bound to giue him thanks, if he would grant thereto." The king
+mooued with his words, made this answer (as it is said) that he pardoned
+him ind�ed, but yet wished that he might forget such iniuries as he had
+receiued at his hands, which he doubted least he should not easilie doo.
+[Sidenote: Earle John returneth to the king his brother, and is
+pardoned.] Herewith erle John being yet put in good hope of
+forgiuenesse, sware to be true euer after vnto him, and that he would
+endeuour himselfe to make amends for his misdeeds past, [Sidenote: _Wil.
+Paruus._ _R. Houed._ _Matth. Paris._] and so was shortlie after restored
+vnto his former degree, honour and estimation in all respects.
+
+But by some writers it should appeare, that earle John, immediatlie vpon
+conclusion of the first truce, came from the French king, and submitted
+himselfe to his brother, and by mediation of the qu�ene their mother was
+pardoned, receiued againe into fauour, and serued euer after against the
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._] French king verie dutifullie, s�eking by new
+atchiued enterprises brought about (to the contentation of his brother)
+to make a recompense for his former misdemeanor, reputing it meere
+madnesse to make means to further mischeefe; for
+    ---- stultum est hostem iritare potentem,
+    Atq; malum maius tumidis sibi qu�rere verbis.
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._] But at what time soeuer he returned thus to his
+brother, this yeare (as Roger Houeden saith) he was restored to the
+earledoms of Mortaigne in Normandie, and Glocester in England, with the
+honour of Eie (the castels onelie excepted) and in recompense of the
+residue of the earledoms which he had before inioied, togither with
+certeine other lands, his brother king Richard gaue vnto him a yeerelie
+pension amounting to the summe of eight thousand pound of Aniouin monie.
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ _Wil. Paruus._ _Matth. Paris._ _Polychron._] �
+Now here to staie a while at matters chancing here about home, I will
+speake somewhat of the dooings of Leopold duke of Austrich, who as one
+nothing mooued with the pestilence and famine that oppressed his
+countrie in this season, but rather hauing his hart hardened, began to
+threaten the English hostages that they shuld loose their liues, if king
+Richard kept not the couenants which he had vndertaken to performe by a
+day appointed. [Sidenote: Baldwin de Betun.] Wherevpon Baldwin Betun one
+of the hostages was sent by common agr�ement of the residue vnto king
+Richard, to signifie to him their estate. King Richard willing to
+deliuer them out of further danger, sent with the same Baldwin his
+coosen, the sister of Arthur duke of Britaine, and the daughter of the
+emperour of Cypres, to be conueied vnto the said duke of Austrich, the
+one, namelie the sister of Arthur to be ioined in marriage with the
+dukes sonne, and the other to continue in the dukes hands to bestow at
+his pleasure.
+
+[Sidenote: Duke Leopold catcheth a fall beside his horsse and dieth of
+the hurt.] But in the meane time, on saint Stephans day, duke Leopold
+chanced to haue a fall beside his horsse, and hurt his leg in such wise,
+that all the surgions in the countrie could not helpe him, wherevpon in
+extreame anguish he ended his life. And whereas before his death he
+required to be absolued of the sentence of excommunication pronounced
+against him by the pope (for apprehending of king Richard in his
+returning from his iournie made into the holie land) he was answered by
+the cleargie, that except he would receiue an oth to stand to the
+iudgement of the church for the iniurie doone to king Richard, and that
+vnlesse other of the Nobilitie would receiue the like oth with him if he
+chanced to die (whereby he might not fulfill that which the church
+h�erein should decr�e) that yet they should see the same performed, he
+might not otherwise be absolued.
+
+Wherefore he tooke the oth, and the Nobles of his countrie with him, and
+therewithall released the English pledges, remitted the monie that yet
+remained behind of his portion aforesaid, and immediatlie therewith
+died. After his deceasse, bicause certeine p�eres of the countrie
+withstood the performance of the premisses, his bodie laie eight daies
+longer aboue ground than otherwise it should haue doone, for till such
+time as all the pledges were perfectlie released, it might not be
+buried. Also Baldwin de Betun approching neere to the confines of
+Austrich, when he heard that the duke was dead, returned with the two
+ladies vnto his souereigne lord king Richard. Thus (as ye haue heard)
+for feare of the censures of the church were the pledges restored, and
+the residue of the monie behind released.
+
+� All this was both pleasant and profitable for king Richards soules
+helth (as may be thought) bicause he tooke occasion therof to amend his
+owne former life, by considering how much he might be reprehended for
+his sundrie faults committed both against God and man. A maruellous
+matter to heare, how much fro that time forward he reformed his former
+trade of liuing into a better forme & order. [Sidenote: White moonks.]
+Moreouer, the emperour gaue to the Cisteaux moonks 3000 marks of siluer,
+parcell of king Richards ransome, to make siluer censers in euerie
+church throughout where they had any houses: but the abbats of the same
+order refused the gift, being a portion of so wrongfull and vngodlie a
+gaine. At which thing, when it came to the knowledge of K. Richard, he
+greatlie maruelled at the first, but after commended the abbats in their
+dooings, and cheeflie for shewing that they were void of the accustomed
+gr�edinesse of hauing, which most men supposed them to be much infected
+withall.
+
+[Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ Hugh Nouat bishop of Couentrie restored to his
+s�e.] King Richard this yeare pardoned Hugh Nouant bishop of Couentrie
+of all his wrath and displeasure conceiued toward him, and restored to
+him his bishoprike for fiue thousand marks of siluer. But Robert Nouant
+the same bishops brother died in the kings prison at Douer. [Sidenote:
+The archbishop of Yorke.] Also whereas the archbishop of Yorke had
+offended king Richard, he pardoned him, and receiued him againe into
+fauour, with the kisse of peace. Wherevpon the archbishop waxed so
+proud, that vsing the king reprochfullie, he lost his archbishoprike,
+the rule of Yorkeshire which he had in gouernment as shiriffe, the
+fauour of his souereigne, and (which was the greatest losse of all) the
+loue of God. For
+    [Sidenote: _M. Pal. in suo sag._]
+    Nemo superbus amat superos, nec amator ab illis,
+    Vult humiles Deus ac mites, habitatq; libenter
+    Mansuetos animos procul ambitione remotos,
+    Inflatos ver� ac ventosos deprimit idem,
+    Nec patitur secum puro consistere olympo.
+
+[Sidenote: Pope Celestine. The archbish. of Canturburie is made y^e
+popes legat.] Moreouer, through the kings request, pope Celestine this
+yeare made the archbishop of Canturburie legat of all England by his
+buls directed to him, bearing date at his palace in Rome called Lateran
+the fifteenth kalends of Aprill, in the fourth yeare of his papasie.
+Furthermore, the pope wrote to the English cleargie, giuing them to
+vnderstand that he had created the said archbishop of Canturburie his
+legat, commanding them so to accept him: [Sidenote: A trinitie of
+officers in vnitie of person.] by vertue of which letters, the
+archbishop Hubert being now both archbishop of Canturburie, legat of the
+apostolike s�e, and lord ch�efe iustice of England, appointed to hold a
+councell at Yorke, and therefore gaue knowledge by the abbat of Binham
+in Northfolke, and one maister Geruise, vnto the canons of Yorke, and to
+the archbishops officials of his purposed intention.
+
+The said canons and officials well considering of the popes letters,
+which were deliuered vnto them by the messengers, signified for answer,
+that they would gladlie receiue him as legat of the apostolike s�e, but
+not as archbishop of Canturburie, nor as their primat. Herewith he came
+to Yorke vpon saint Barnabies daie being sundaie, and was receiued with
+procession. On the morrow after, he held a court of plees of the crowne,
+of assises, and such other matters touching the king. On the next day
+being Tuesday, he entred into the monasterie of saint Maries in Yorke,
+and deposed the abbat, bicause of his infirmitie of bodie, at the
+request of the moonks, but the abbat appealed to the popes consistorie.
+[Sidenote: A synod holden at Yorke.] Then he assembled the cleargie in
+the church of Saint Peter in Yorke, and there held a synod for
+reformation of things amisse in the church, and amendment of manners in
+the cleargie, so that diuerse decr�es were made, the which for
+br�efenesse we omit to speake of in particular. This yeare also, the
+said archbishop Hubert caused all men throughout the realme of England
+to receiue an oth of obseruing the kings peace, and to sweare that they
+should not be robbers, nor abbettors of robbers, nor in any wise
+consenting vnto them, but should doo what in them might lie to apprehend
+all such offendors, and to discouer them to the kings officers to be
+apprehended, and to pursue them vpon hew and crie to the vttermost of
+their powers, and those that withdrew themselues from such pursuit,
+should be apprehended as partakers with the offendors.
+
+[Sidenote: The emperor sendeth to the king.] About this time the
+emperour sent to king Richard, requiring him in no wise to conclude any
+peace with the French king, but rather to inuade his dominions,
+promising to aid him all that he might. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 7.] But king
+Richard, to vnderstand further of the emperours mind herein, [Sidenote:
+The bishop of Elie is sent to the emperour.] sent ouer his chancellour
+the bishop of Elie vnto him in ambassage. In the meane time the warre
+was still continued betwixt him and the French, by the which they were
+commonlie put to the worse, and king Richard inuading their borders, did
+much hurt in wasting the countries on each side. The French king was at
+one time so narrowlie chased, that as he would haue passed a bridge that
+laie ouer the water of Saine, he was in danger of drowning by the fall
+of the same vnder him, but yet at the length he escaped, and got to the
+further side.
+
+[Sidenote: The 2 kings talke togither.] After this, the two kings came
+to a communication togither, in the which a motion was made, that Lewes
+the French king his sonne and heire should haue the sister of Arthur
+duke of Britaine in marriage, and that king Richard in consideration
+thereof should surrender vnto them and to their heires the townes of
+Gisors, Bademont, with the countrie of Veulquessine or Veuxine le
+Normant, Vernon, Iuerie and Pascie; and further should giue vnto them
+twentie thousand marks of siluer. On the other side it was mooued, that
+the French king should resigne vnto king Richard all that he could
+demand in the countie of Engeulesme, and should restore vnto him the
+counties of Albemarle and Augie, with the castell of Arkes, and all
+other castels which he had taken in Normandie, or in any partie during
+these last warres. But there was a respit taken for the full concluding
+and assuring of these conditions, till the octaues of All saints, that
+king Richard might vnderstand the emperours pleasure, without whose
+consent he might not conclude any thing concerning that matter, bicause
+he had sent such word vnto him by the lord chancellour, who at this time
+was attendant in his court.
+
+In the meane time, the emperour being aduertised of the whole matter,
+and of the articles afore mentioned, gaue knowledge to king Richard by
+the bishop of Elie at his returning backe, that this forme of peace
+nothing liked him, but rather made directlie to his discontentment: the
+which least he might s�eme to saie without sufficient ground of reason,
+he alledged, that it should sound to king Richards dishonour, if he
+surrendred and gaue vp anie thing that he had not in possession.
+[Sidenote: The emperor dissuadeth the king from agr�eing to the peace.]
+And to encourage him to recouer those things which had beene taken from
+him, the emperour pardoned him of the seauent�ene thousand marks of
+siluer, which yet remained behind due to him for the kings ransome.
+Howsoeuer the matter passed, the two kings met not in the octaues of All
+saints, according to the appointment, although they were come, and
+approched verie n�ere to the place where they should haue communed
+togither: but through the dissimulation of the Frenchmen, they departed,
+without seeing one an other, and immediatlie began the warre as
+fiercelie as at anie time before.
+
+[Sidenote: The warre is begun afresh.] The French king tooke the towne
+of Diep, which king Richard had latelie repared, and burned it, with the
+ships that harbored in the hauen: after this, commming to Isoldun, he
+wan the towne and besieged the castell. [Sidenote: The hast which king
+Richard made.] But king Richard aduertised thereof, came with quicke
+sp�ed (making of thr�e daies iournie but one) and entred into the
+castell of Isoldun to defend the same against his aduersaries: and
+foorthwith there resorted such numbers of men vnto him, when they heard
+how he was besieged, that the French king doubting how to retire from
+thence in safetie, made suit first to haue licence to depart, and after
+when that would not be granted, he required at the leastwise to talke
+with the king of England about some agr�ement.
+
+[Sidenote: The 2 kings againe talke togither of peace.] Wherevnto king
+Richard condescended, and so comming togither, they concluded vpon a
+truce to indure from that daie, being saturdaie next after the feast of
+saint Nicholas, vnto the feast of saint Hilarie next insuing, and then
+to m�et againe n�ere vnto Louiers with their councels, that they might
+grow by some reasonable way vnto a finall peace and concord. [Sidenote:
+1196.] And according to this article, shortlie after the same feast of
+S. Hilarie, they met at Louiers, where finallie they were accorded to
+conclude a peace on these conditions, [Sidenote: The conditions of peace
+concluded betwixt the two kings. _Matth. Paris._ _Matth. West._] that
+the French king should release to the king of England Isoldun, with the
+countrie about, woon by him sith the beginning of these wars; likewise,
+all the right which he had in Berrie, Auuergine, and Gascoigne, and the
+countie of Albemarle. On the other part, the king of England should
+resigne Gisors, and certeine other places, and namelie Veuxine or
+Veulquesine vnto the king of France.
+
+[Sidenote: _Matth. West._ _Matth. Paris._] Herevpon were suerties also
+bound for performance, and the forfeiture of fift�ene thousand marks
+assigned to be paid by the partie that first brake the peace. Shortlie
+after, the French king repenting him selfe of the agreement, began to
+make a warre anew, so that king Richard seized into his hands all the
+goods and[15] possessions which belonged to the abbats of the order of
+the great monasterie of Clunie, and of saint Denise & la Charitie, which
+had become suertie for the French king in the summe of 1500 marks
+aforesaid. [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ The earle of Albemarle departed this
+life.] This yeare died William de Forz earle of Albemarle, in whose
+place succ�eded Baldwine de Betun by the kings gift, and married the
+countesse of Albermarle.
+
+[Sidenote: Otho sonne to the duke of Saxonie.] There was a motion also
+made for a marriage betwixt the lord Otho, sonne to Henrie duke of
+Saxonie, king Richards nephue by his sister, and the ladie Margaret,
+daughter to the king of Scots, so as they should haue inioied the
+countries of Lothian, Northumberland, and the countie of Caerleill with
+the castels. [Sidenote: Lawnes.] For the conclusion of which marriage,
+the archbishop of Canturburie was sent about Christmas to commune with
+the king of Scots: but bicause the Scotish qu�ene was then conceiued of
+child, hir husband (in hope that God would send him a sonne) refused to
+stand vnto the aboue mentioned couenants.
+
+[Sidenote: _Wil. Paruus._ _Ran. Higd._ The abbat of Caen sent into
+England.] At this time king Richard sent the abbat of Caen (who was also
+the elect of Durham) into England, to take an accompts of those that had
+the receipts of the kings monie: for this abbat had informed the king,
+that his receiuers and officers here in the realme dealt not iustlie in
+making their accompts, [Sidenote: Fraudulent dealing in officers.] but
+both deceiued the king, and oppressed his people, in exacting more than
+was due, and concealing that which they ought to stand accomptable for.
+The king supposing his words to be true, or at least likelie so to be,
+and that in reforming such vntruth in his officers, it should be both
+profitable to him, and well liked of the people, sent this abbat ouer
+with commission, to be as it were his generall auditour.
+
+Howbeit, Hubert archbishop of Canturburie, which was gouernour of the
+realme in causes both temporall and spirituall (by reason he had the
+kings authorise as his vicegerent, & therefore sufficientlie
+countenanced, & also the popes as his legat authorised) did somewhat
+stomach the matter, in that it should be thought he did suffer such
+abuses in the kings officers, and not reforme them. But he held him
+content and said little, sith the abbat shewed him the kings commission
+to doo that which he went about, although he brought it not to passe.
+For whereas he came ouer in lent, and gaue out commandements, that all
+such as had any thing to doo in receipt of the kings monie, should
+appeare before him after Easter, he tarried not to see Easter himselfe,
+but was called into another world by the stroke of death, there to
+render accompts for his owne acts here in this life committed.
+
+[Sidenote: _Fabian._ _Wil. Paruus._ _Matt. Paris._ _Ran. Higd._ William
+Fitz Osbert.] At the same time there was another person in London called
+William with the long beard, (ali�s Fitz Osbert) which had likewise
+informed the king of certeine great oppressions and excessiue outrages
+vsed by rich men against the poore (namelie the worshipfull of the
+citie, the Maior and Aldermen) who in their hoistings, when any tallage
+was to be gathered, burdened the poore further than was thought reason,
+to ease themselues; [Sidenote: The foule disorder in the citizens of
+London.] wherevpon[16] the said William being a seditious person, and of
+a busie nature, ceassed not to make complaints. Now bicause the king
+gaue eare vnto him at the first, he tooke a boldnesse thereof, & drawing
+vnto him great routs of the poorer sort of people, would take vpon him
+to defend the causes of those that found themselues greeued with the
+heauie yoke of richmen and gentlemen. He was somewhat learned, and verie
+eloquent: he had also a verie good wit, but he applied it rather to set
+dissention betwixt the high estates and the low, than to anie other good
+purpose. [Sidenote: The vnnaturall ingratitude of Fitz Osbert.] He
+accused also his owne brother of treason, who in his youth had kept him
+to schoole, & beene verie good and beneficiall brother vnto him, bicause
+now he would not still mainteine him with monie to beare out his
+riottous port. Moreouer, he declared to the king, that by extortion and
+briberie of certeine men of great wealth, he lost manie forfeits and
+escheats.
+
+Manie gentlemen of honour sore hated him for his presumptuous attempts
+to the hindering of their purposes: but he had such comfort of the king,
+that he little passed for their malice, but kept on his intent, till the
+king being aduertised of the assemblies which he made, commanded him to
+ceasse from such dooings, that the people might fall againe to their
+sciences and occupations, which they had for the more part left off, at
+the instigation of this William with the long beard, so named of the
+long heare of his beard, [Sidenote: Why he ware his long berd. _Matth.
+Paris._] which he nourished of purpose to seeme the more graue and
+manlike, and also as it were in despite of them which counterfeited the
+Normans (that were for the most part shauen) and bicause he would
+resemble the ancient vsage of the English nation. [Sidenote: _Fabian._]
+The kings commandement in restraint of the peoples resort vnto him, was
+well kept a while, but it was not long yer they began to follow him
+againe as they had doone before.
+
+Then he tooke vpon him to make vnto them certeine collations or sermons,
+taking for his theme, Haurietis aquas in gaudio de fontibus saluatoris,
+that is to saie: [Sidenote: His oration to the people.] Ye shall draw in
+gladnesse waters out of the founteins of your sauiour. And hereto he
+added, "I am (said he) the sauiour of poore men; ye be the poore, and
+haue assaied the hard hands and heauie burdens of the rich: now draw ye
+therefore the healthfull waters of vnderstanding out of my wels and
+springs, and that with ioy. For the time of your visitation is come: I
+shall part waters from waters, by waters I vnderstand the people, and I
+shall part the people which are good and m�eke, from the people that are
+wicked and proud, and I shall disseuer the good and euill, euen as light
+is diuided from darknesse."
+
+[Sidenote: _Ger. Dor._] By these and such persuasions and means as he
+vsed, he had gotten two and fiftie thousand persons, readie to haue
+taken his part, as appeared after by a roll of their names found in his
+k�eping, besides diuerse instruments of iron to breake vp houses, and
+other things seruing to such like purposes. So that he brought the
+commoners into a great liking of him: but the rich and wealthie citizens
+stood in much feare, so that they kept their houses, in armes, in doubt
+to be robbed and murthred by him in the night season.
+
+The archbishop of Canturburie (vnto whome the rule of the realme
+ch�efelie belonged) being aduertised hereof, sent for the greatest
+number of the citizens, and vsing them with gentle words, persuaded them
+to deliuer pledges, the better to assure him, that no such thing should
+chance, which was suspected of manie, though he was loth to conceiue any
+such opinion of them. They being ouercome with his courteous words, gaue
+vnto him pledges.
+
+[Sidenote: He is called before the archbishop of Canturburie lord ch�efe
+iustice or president of the realme.] After this, when the foresaid
+William ceased not to make congregations of the people, at length the
+archbishop sent a commandement vnto him, that he should appeare before
+him and other of the councell, at a certeine prefixed daie, to answer to
+such things as might be laid to his charge. To be short, he did so at
+the time appointed, but with such a rout of the common people about him,
+that the archbishop durst not pronounce against him, but licenced him to
+depart for that time, giuing him soft and gentle words. Howbeit,
+certeine persons were then appointed by the said archbishop and other of
+the councell to watch him sometime, when he should haue no great
+companie about him, and then to apprehend him.
+
+Amongst those that were thus commanded to attach him, were two burgesses
+of the citie, who hauing espied a conuenient time for the execution of
+their purpose, set vpon him to haue take him, but he getting an ax,
+defended himselfe manfullie: and in resisting slue one of them,
+[Sidenote: He fl�eth into the church of S. Marie Bow.] and after that
+fled into the church of S. Marie Bow, k�eping the same not as a place of
+sanctuarie, but as a fortresse: in somuch that by the help of such as
+resorted vnto him, he defended it against his aduersaries, till with
+fire and smoke they constreined him to come foorth, and all those that
+were there with him: [Sidenote: His concubine.] amongst them also was
+his concubine, who neuer left him for any danger that might betide him.
+
+The people regarding the danger of their pledges, came not out to aid
+him, as it was much doubted they would haue doone. Wherefore being thus
+attached, he was brought foorth, and comming out of the church, the
+sonne of that burgesse whome he had slaine (as you haue heard) strake
+him verie sore into the bellie with a knife, in reuenge of his fathers
+death. After this, he was had to his arraignment before the archbishop,
+sitting within the towre, and being condemned, was from thence drawne
+with horsses to the place of execution called the Elmes, [Sidenote: He
+is executed.] and there hanged on a gibet, with nine of his adherents,
+which had defended the church against the kings power: [Sidenote: _Wil.
+Paruus._ _Matth. Paris._] and yet for all this, the grudge ceassed not,
+but the common people raised a great slander vpon the archbishop,
+[Sidenote: The archbishop of Canturburie is euill spoke of for y^e death
+of William Fitz Osbert.] both for causing him to be taken out of the
+church, where he claimed priuilege of sanctuarie, and also for putting
+him to death, who was innocent (as they alledged) and not giltie of
+those crimes that were laid against him: who sought onelie the defense
+of poore people against extortioners, and such as were wrong dooers.
+
+This rumor rose so fast, that at length (by bruting abroad, that
+certeine miracles should be wrought by a chaine, [Sidenote: An old
+whormonger, and a new saint.] wherein he was bound in time of his
+imprisonment) he was taken for a saint. The place also where he
+suffered, was visited by women, and other superstitious folks, as a plot
+of great holinesse, till at length the archbishop caused it to be
+watched, to the end that no such foolishnesse should be vsed there. In
+fine, the opinion which the people had thus fondlie conceiued of his
+vertue and innocencie, was by little and little remooued out of their
+heads, when his acts were more certeinelie published: as the sleaing of
+a man with his owne hands, and the vsing of his concubine within Bowe
+church, during the time of his being there. Also the archbishop accursed
+a pr�est, which had first brought vp the false report and fained fable
+of the miracle wrought by the chaine, whereby the occasion of idolatrie
+was first giuen, and might easilie haue b�ene continued, if the
+archbishop had not b�ene the wiser man, and by such means repressed the
+rumour. � So that we are to note by this example the force of
+counterfeit holinesse and feigned harmelesnesse in hypocrits,
+           ---- qui pelle sub agni
+    Vipereum celant virus mor�sq; luporum;
+    Et stolidos ficta virtutis imagine fallunt.
+
+But now to return vnto the dooings of king Richard in France. Ye haue
+heard how a peace was concluded (as some haue written) but the same
+continued not long: for the French king s�eming to repent himselfe of
+that he had doone (as is aforesaid) brake the peace, and raising a
+power, besieged Albemarle; at length wan it, and raced it downe to the
+ground, then king Richard gaue vnto him thr�e thousand marks of siluer
+for the ransome of his knights and yeomen, or demilances (as I may call
+them) that were taken in that fortresse. After this, the French king wan
+Nouencourt, and earle John tooke the castell of Gamages.
+
+[Sidenote: The erledome of Poictou.] About the same time also king
+Richard gaue vnto his nephue Otho the earledome of Poictou. Which I haue
+thought good to note out of Roger Houeden, [Sidenote: John Bouchet his
+dout.] to remooue the doubt of Iohn Bouchet, who in the third part of
+his annales of Aquitaine, maruelleth at an old panchart or record which
+he had s�ene, by the tenour whereof it appeared, that this Otho
+intituled himselfe duke of Aquitaine and earle of Poictou, being in his
+castell of Monstereulbonin neere to Poictiers, in the yeare a thousand,
+one hundreth, ninetie nine, in presence of Geffrey de Lusignen, and
+others, and granted vnto a certeine person the office of cutting the
+monie in the mint of that towne, as by the same panchart it further
+appeareth.
+
+The sight whereof brought the said Bouchet into a great perplexitie,
+considering that no chronicle which he had either seene, or heard of,
+made mention of any Otho that shuld be duke of Aquitaine, or erle of
+Poictou, either before that time, or after. Where againe it was euident
+to him, that queene Elianor the mother of king Richard, as then liuing,
+named hir selfe dutchesse of Aquitaine, and countesse of Poictou; &
+likewise king Richard intituled himselfe duke of Aquitaine, and earle of
+Poictou, euer after he had fianced the earle of Barcelons daughter, as
+by diuerse records both of the mother and the sonne he had s�ene perfect
+notice. At length yet he gesseth (and that trulie) that it should be
+this Otho, to whom the mother and sonne had assigned the dutchie of
+Aquitaine and countie of Poictou, for the maintenance of his estate, he
+holding the same till the yeare 1199, in the which he was made emperour
+by king Richards good helpe, as after shall be shewed more at large.
+
+[Sidenote: Ranulph erle of Chester tooke his wife the dutchesse of
+Britaine prisoner.] About this time also as the countesse of Britaine,
+the mother of duke Arthur came into Normandie to haue spoken with king
+Richard, Ranulph earle of Chester hir husband meeting hir at
+Pountourson, tooke hir as prisoner, and shut hir vp within his castell
+at S. James de Beumeron: and when hir sonne Arthur could not find means
+to deliuer hir out of captiuitie, he ioined with the king of France, and
+made great hauocke in the lands of his vncle king Richard, wherevpon the
+king gathered a mightie armie, and inuading Britaine with great force,
+cruellie wasted and destroied the countrie.
+
+[Sidenote: A dearth.] Here is also to be noted, that in this seuenth
+yeare of king Richard, a great dearth chanced through this realme of
+England, and in the coasts about the same. [Sidenote: The death of the
+earle of Salisburie.] Also about the same time died William earle of
+Salisburie, the sonne of earle Patrike, whose daughter and heire king
+Richard gaue in marriage, togither with the earledome of Salisburie,
+vnto his base brother, surnamed Long Esp�e.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ _Matth. Paris._] It chanced moreouer about the
+same time, that earle John the kings brother, with certeine capteins of
+such hired souldiors as some call Brabanceni; others, the Routs; and the
+French histories name them Costereaux, or Coterels, went abroad to
+atchiue some enterprise against the bishop of Beauuois, and other
+Frenchmen, which had doone much hurt to king Richards subiects in those
+parties. The ch�efe leaders of those Routs or Costereaux, which went
+foorth with earle John, [Sidenote: Marchades & Lupescaro.] and serued
+vnder him at that time, were two Prouancois, Marchades & Lupescaro.
+These riding foorth into the countrie about Beauuois made hauocke in
+robbing and spoiling all afore them.
+
+Anon as Philip the bishop of Beauuois, a man more giuen to the campe
+than to the church, had knowledge hereof, thinking them to be a m�et
+preie for him, with sir William de Merlow and his sonne, and a great
+number of other valiant men of warre, came foorth into the fields, and
+encountring with the enimies, fought verie stoutlie. [Sidenote: The
+bishop of Beauuois taken prisoner.] But yet in the end the bishop, the
+archdeacon, and all the ch�efe capteins were taken: the residue slaine
+and chased. After this, earle John and the foresaid capteins passed
+foorth, and wan the towne of Millie, and so returned.
+
+Earle John and Marchades presented the two prelats with great triumph
+vnto K. Richard earlie in the morning, lieng yet in his bed; as those
+that were knowne to be his great enimies, saieng to him in French; "Rise
+Richard, rise, we haue gotten the great chantour of Beauuois, and a good
+quier man (as we take it) to answer him in the same note, and here we
+deliuer them vnto you to vse at your discretion." The king s�eing them,
+smiled, and was verie glad for the taking of this bishop, for that he
+had euer found him his great aduersarie: and therefore being thus taken
+fighting in the field with armour on his backe, thought he might be bold
+in temporall wise to chastise him: sith he (not regarding his calling)
+practised to molest him with temporall weapons: wherevpon he committed
+him to close prison all armed as he was.
+
+It chanced soone after, that two of his chaplins came vnto the king to
+Rouen, where this bishop was deteined, beseeching the king of licence to
+attend vpon their maister now in captiuitie: vnto whome (as it is of
+some reported) the king made this answer; "I am content to make you
+iudges in the cause betwixt me and your maister, as for the euils which
+he hath either doone, either else gone about to doo vnto me, let the
+same be forgotten. This is true, that I being taken as I returned from
+my iournie made into the holie land, and deliuered into the emperours
+hands, was in respect of my kinglie state, vsed according therevnto
+verie fr�endlie and honourablie, till your maister comming thither (for
+what purpose he himselfe best knoweth) had long conference with the
+emperour. After which, I for my part in the next morning tasted the
+fruit of their ouernights talke, being then loden with as manie irons as
+a good asse might not verie easilie haue borne. Iudge you therefore,
+what maner of imprisonment your maister deserued at my hands, that
+procured such ease for me at the emperours hands."
+
+The two chaplins had their mouths stopped with these words thus by the
+king vttered, and so departed their waies. The bishop being still
+deteined in prison, procured suit to be made to the pope for his
+deliuerance: but the pope, being truelie informed of the matter, and
+wiselie considering that the king had not taken the bishop preaching,
+but fighting, and kept him prisoner rather as a rough enimie, than as a
+peaceable prelat, would not be earnest with the king for his
+deliuerance, but rather reprooued the bishop, in that he had preferred
+secular warfare before the spirituall, and had taken vpon him the vse
+of a speare in st�ed of a crosier, an helmet in steed of a miter, an
+herbergeon in st�ed of a white rochet, a target for a stoale, and an
+iron sword in lieu of the spirituall sword: and therefore he refused to
+vse any commandement to king Richard for the setting of him at libertie.
+But yet he promised to doo what he could by waie of intreating that he
+might be released.
+
+It is reported by some writers, that the pope at first, not
+vnderstanding the truth of the whole circumstance, should send to king
+Richard, commanding him by force of the canons of the church to deliuer
+his sons the bishop and archdeacon out of their captiuitie. To whom the
+king sent their armour with this message written in Latine, [Sidenote:
+_Genes. 37._] "Vide an tunica filij tui sit an non," that is, "See
+whether these are the garments of thy sonnes or not:" alluding to the
+saieng of those that caried Josephs coate to Jacob. Which when the pope
+saw, he said: "Naie by S. Peter, it is neither the apparell of my
+sonnes, nor yet of my brethren: but rather they are the vestures of the
+children of Mars:" and so he left them still to be ransomed at the kings
+pleasure. The bishop thus s�eing no hope to be deliuered without some
+agr�ement had betwixt the two kings, became now through irkesomenesse of
+his bonds, an earnest mediatour for peace, whereas before he had beene
+an extreme stirrer vp of war. Such a schoolemaister is imprisonment, &
+plucker downe of loftie courages. But to proceed.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 8.] About the same time the archbishop of Rouen put
+all the countrie of Normandie vnder sentence of interdiction, [Sidenote:
+Normandie interdicted by y^e archbishop of Rouen.] bicause king Richard
+had begun to fortifie a castell at Lisle Dandelie, vpon a p�ece of
+ground which the archbishop claimed to apperteine vnto his s�e. The
+matter was brought before the pope, who perceiuing the intent of king
+Richard was not otherwise grounded vpon any couetous purpose to defraud
+the church of hir right, but onelie to build a fortresse in such place
+as was most expedient for defense of the countrie about, to preserue it
+from inuasion of the enimies; he counselled the archbishop not to stand
+against the king in it, but to exchange with him for some other lands:
+which was doone, and the interdiction by the pope released. [Sidenote:
+The bishop of Elie departed this life.] The bishop of Elie lord
+chancellour, being sent about this businesse towards Rome, departed this
+life by the way at Poictiers, in Januarie.
+
+But the bishops of Durham & Lisieux that were sent with him, passed
+forward, and comming to Rome, informed the pope of the matter, who tooke
+order with the bishops (as before is mentioned.) The king gaue to the
+church in Rouen in recompense, his milles which he had in Rouen, so that
+the said church should paie the almes of old time appointed to be giuen
+for the same. He gaue to the said church likewise the towne of Diepe,
+and the towne of Bussels, so that the church should likewise paie the
+almes assigned foorth of the same, being the summe of 372 pounds of
+Aniouine monie: also the manour of Louers, and the forrest of Alermound
+with the deere and the appurtenances. But now to other dooings.
+
+About the same time, or not long before, whereas there had beene long
+contention betwixt the kings of England, and the earles of S. Giles for
+the earldome of Tholouse, [Sidenote: _Rog. Houed._ The king and the
+earle of Tholouse agr�ed.] king Richard by way of aliance fell now at an
+appointment with the earle Raimond that held those lands; for whereas
+the countesse Constance wife to the said Raimond earle of Tholouse and
+aunt to king Philip was now departed this life, king Richard concluded a
+mariage betweene the said earle and his sister Joane qu�ene of Sicile,
+sometime wife to William king of Sicile, so that being thus ioined in
+aliance with the said earle of Tholouse on the one side, [Sidenote:
+_Matt. Paris._ The earle of Flanders alied with K. Richard. _Iacob.
+Meir._ _Les annales de France._] he procured a league also with Baldwine
+earle of Flanders on the other, vnto whom he gaue fiue thousand markes
+in reward, vpon condition, that he should couenant not to grow to any
+agr�ement with the French king without his consent. Likewise Reginold
+the earle of Bolongne, that was sonne to earle of Chateau Marline, alied
+himselfe with them against the French king, and so did Baldwine earle of
+Guines with diuerse other.
+
+Thus King Richard by such aliance hauing his part greatlie strengthened,
+prepared himselfe to the warre more earnestlie than before, and tooke
+order with the earle of Flanders, that they should inuade the French
+dominions in two seuerall quarters both at one time, as the earle by
+Flanders, & he himselfe by Normandie, according to the appointment
+betwixt them deuised. [Sidenote: _Iacob. Meir._ _Wil. Paruus._ Towns won
+by the earle of Flanders.] The earle preparing an armie, first wan the
+towne of Dowaie, and then besieged saint Omers, and wan it after fiue
+weekes siege: wherevpon they of Aire yeelded to him; shortlie after he
+entred into Artois, & besieged the citie of Arras.
+
+At the same time king Richard marching towards Gisors, wan in his waie
+the castell of Corselles, & destroied it; [Sidenote: Gisors besieged.]
+that doone, he came to Gisors, and besieged the towne, wasting all the
+countrie round about him where he came. The French king being thus
+troubled with the inuasion of his enimies in two seuerall places at one
+present time, sent certeine bands of his souldiors towards Arras to
+k�epe the earle of Flanders plaie, whilest he himselfe went against king
+Richard: and comming vnto Gisors, found it streictlie besieged of the
+same king, so that he wist not well how to enter the towne. But yet at
+length faigning to giue battell to king Richard (who vpon desire to
+receiue it, came abroad into the field) the French king rushed foorth
+with all his whole force to make towards the towne, [Sidenote: The
+French king entreth into Gisors.] & so got into it, though not without
+great losse and damage of his people.
+
+King Richard not meaning to breake vp his siege from before the towne,
+(notwithstanding the French king had entred it) staied a certeine time
+of purpose to win it, knowing the gaine to be the greater, and his name
+more famous, if he might atchiue his purpose, now that his aduersarie
+was within it, but when he saw it would not be, [Sidenote: K. Richard
+raiseth his siege.] he raised his siege, and departed towards Cleremont,
+spoiling all the countrie by his forrais as he went, so that he wan
+great pillage, wherewith his souldiers were loden and made verie rich.
+
+[Sidenote: Hugh de Cheaumount taken prisoner.] It chanced, that in a
+skirmish Hugh de Chaumount was taken prisoner, one that was of the
+French kings priuie councell; and king Richard appointed him to the
+k�eping of Robert Ros, who charged one of his seruants named William de
+Spinie with the custodie of him. But the said Hugh corrupting his k�eper
+the foresaid William with rewards, (whereof it is said,
+    [Sidenote: _Ouid. in 3. Art. am. ep. 16._]
+         ---- acceptissima semper
+    Munera sunt, author qu� pretiosa facit)
+escaped out of the castell of Bonneuille, where he was within ward, to
+the great displeasure of king Richard, [Sidenote: Robert Rosse put to
+his fine for an escape.] who caused Robert Ros to paie for a fine, the
+summe of twelue hundred marks, which the prisoner should haue paied for
+his ransome: and further, commanded William de Spinie to be hanged for
+his disloiall dealing.
+
+King Philip, after that the king of England was remooued from Gisors (as
+before y�e haue heard) assembled a great host, and with banner
+displaied, [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] entred into Normandie, and wasted
+the countrie from Newburge to Beaumont le Rogier, and that doone,
+returned into France, licencing his men to returne vnto their homes.
+[Sidenote: _Nic. Treuet._ The French kings request for a combat.] About
+the same time, he sent vnto king Richard, requiring him to appoint fiue
+champions, and he would appoint other fiue for his part, which might
+fight in lists, for triall of all matters in controuersie betwixt them,
+so to auoid the shedding of more giltlesse bloud. [Sidenote: K. Richards
+answer.] King Richard accepted the offer, with condition, that either
+king might be of the number, that is, the French king one of the fiue
+vpon the French part; & K. Richard one of the fiue vpon the English
+part. But this condition would not be granted. [Sidenote: 1197.]
+Herevpon when shortlie after it was signified to king Richard, that
+ships vsed to come out of England to saint Valerie with victuals,
+[Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] which were sold and conueied awaie vnto the
+French K and other his enimies, he rode to saint Valeries, and set the
+towne on fire, [Sidenote: Ships burnt, and mariners hanged.] and such
+ships of England as he found there he also burnt, and hanged the
+mariners by the necke, diuiding the graine and other victuals which were
+found in the same ships amongst his owne souldiors.
+
+[Sidenote: _Les annales de France._] About the same time he got the
+fauour of them of Champaigne and of the Britons, and William Crespine
+also was constreined to deliuer vnto him the castell of Auge, but the
+French king recouered it by siege, whilest king Richard entring into
+Aluergne wan diuerse castels there, to the number of ten out of king
+Philips hands. [Sidenote: An. Reg. 9.] In the meane time the earle of
+Flanders made sore war against the French king for his part, and
+training the same king within streits, so that he was almost inclosed on
+ech side, he constreined him to agr�e to such composition as pleased the
+same earle to appoint, but afterwards the French king refused to stand
+to the couenants of that agr�ement, and so the warre continued betwixt
+them as before.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ One yeare & 4 moneths saith _Wil. Paruus._] At
+length king Richard and the French king concluded vpon an abstinence of
+warre to indure from the feast of S. Hilarie for one whole yere,
+purposing in the meane time to make a finall peace and agr�ement. In
+which season Baldwine earle of Flanders came into England to doo his
+deuotions vnto the shrine where Thomas the archbishop laie buried at
+Canturburie. [Sidenote: Griffin king of Wales departed this life.] The
+same yeare also somewhat before this time, Rise ap Griffin king of Wales
+departed this life, after whose death there fell discord betwixt his
+sonnes for the succession, till the archbishop Hubert went to the
+marshes of that countrie and made an agr�ement betwixt them. Not long
+after, Roger the brother of Robert earle of Leicester, elected bishop of
+saint Andrews in Scotland, receiued the order of pr�esthood, and was
+consecrated bishop by the hands of the bishop of Aberdine.
+
+[Sidenote: Weights and measures.] This yeare it was ordeined that
+measures of all manner of graine should conteine one quantitie
+throughout the realme, that is to saie, one resonable horsselode, and
+that the measures of wine and ale with all maner of liquors should be of
+one iust quantie according to the diuersitie of the liquor: also that
+weights should be of like rate throughout the relme, and that cloth
+should conteine two yards in breadth within the lists, of perfect
+goodnesse throughout, as well in the middest as by the sides, and that
+one manner of yard should be vsed through the relme. It was also
+ordeined that no merchants within the realme should hang any red or
+blacke clothes before their windowes, nor set vp any pentises or other
+thing whereby to darken the light from those that came to buy their
+cloth, so as they might be deceiued in choosing thereof.
+
+Also it was enacted that there should be foure or six substantiall
+honest men chosen in euerie towne, and likewise in shires, with the head
+officers of cities and boroughes, which had a corporation, to see that
+the assises aforesaid were truelie kept, and that if anie were found to
+be offending in the premisses, to cause their bodies to be attached and
+commited to prison, and their goods to be seized to the kings vse: and
+if those that were chosen to haue regard thereto, were tried to be
+negligent, so that by others, and not by them any offenders chanced to
+be conuicted before the iustices, then should the regarders be put to
+their fines, for the negligent looking to their offices.
+
+[Sidenote: 1198.] King Richard held his Christmasse this yeare at Roan,
+and Hubert the archbishop of Canturburie legat of the apostolike s�e,
+named lord ch�efe Justice of England, was about the same time in the
+marshes of Wales at Hereford, and there receiued into his hands the
+castels of Hereford, Bridgenorth and Ludlow, remoouing those that had
+the same in k�eping, and appointing others in their roomes. Afterwards
+comming by Couentrie, [Sidenote: Moonks placed againe in the church of
+Couentrie.] he placed the moonks againe in the cathedrall church of that
+citie, by commandement of pope Celestine, and chased out the secular
+canons, which the bishop Hugh Nouant had brought into the same church
+when he remooued the moonks.
+
+[Sidenote: Messengers from the stats of Germanie.] In the Christmasse
+w�eke also there came messengers to Rouen from the archbishops of Cullen
+and Mentz, and from other states of the empire, which declared vnto king
+Richard, that all the princes of Germanie were appointed to assemble at
+Cullen, the two & twentith of Februarie, about the choosing of a new
+emperour, in place of the late deceassed Henrie: and therefore they
+commanded him by force of the oth and league in which he was bound to
+the emperour and empire, that all excuse of deniall or occasions to the
+contrarie ceasing and set apart, he should make his repaire vnto Cullen
+at the aforesaid day, to helpe them in choosing of some worthie
+personage that might and was able to haue the empire. King Richard
+doubting to put himselfe in danger, bicause he had not discharged all
+the debts due for his ransome, staied at home, but yet he sent diuerse
+noble men thither, and did so much in fauour of his nephue Otho, that by
+the helpe of the foresaid two archbishops of Cullen and Mentz, the same
+Otho was elected emperour. But of this matter more shall be said
+hereafter.
+
+[Sidenote: Three hundred knights of men of armes to be found.] Moreouer,
+about the same time king Richard required by the archbishop of
+Canturburie his ch�efe iustice, an aid of 300 knights to be found by his
+subiects of England, to remaine with him in his seruice for one whole
+yeare, or else that they would giue him so much monie, as might serue to
+reteine that number after the rate of thr�e shillings a daie of English
+monie for euerie knight. [Sidenote: The bishop of Lincolne.] Whereas all
+other were contented to be contributors herein, onelie Hugh bishop of
+Lincolne refused, and spake sore against the archbishop that moued the
+matter. But how soeuer that request tooke place, king Richard (as we
+find) leuied this yeare a subsidie of fiue shillings of euerie hide of
+land within the realme, two commissioners, that is to say, one of the
+spiritualtie, & a knight of the temporaltie, being appointed as
+commissioners in euerie shire, with the assistance of the shiriffe, and
+others, to s�e the same assessed & rated after an hundred acres of land
+to the hide of land, according to the custome.
+
+[Sidenote: The moonks of Christes church send to the pope, complaining
+of their archbishop.] The same yeare also the moonks of the house of the
+holie Trinitie, otherwise called Christes church in Canturburie,
+exhibited their complaint vnto pope Innocent, that their archbishop
+Hubert (contrarie to his order and dignitie) exercised the office of
+high iustice, and sate in iudgement of bloud, being so incumbred in
+temporall matters, that he could not haue time to discharge his office
+touching spirituall causes: [Sidenote: The pope sendeth to the king.]
+wherevpon the pope sent vnto king Richard, admonishing him not to suffer
+the said archbishop to be any longer troubled with temporall affaires,
+but to discharge him thereof, and not to admit any spirituall person
+from thencefoorth vnto any temporall administration.
+
+He further prohibited by vertue of their obedience, all manner of
+prelats and men of the church, that they should not presume rashlie to
+take vpon them any maner of secular function or office. Whervpon the
+archbishop was discharged of his office of ch�efe iustice, and Geffrey
+Fitz Peter succ�eded in gouernement of the realme in his st�ed.
+� Geruasius Dorobernensis saith, that the archbishop resigned that
+office of his owne accord, and that not till after his returne from the
+marshes of Wales, where he had ouerthrowne the Welshmen, and slaine fiue
+thousand of them. Which victorie other ascribe vnto Geffrey Fitz Peter,
+which Geffrey (as the said Dorobernensis saith) succeeded the archbishop
+in the office of lord cheefe iustice, but not vntill August, in the
+tenth yeare of the kings reigne.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 10.] In this yeare, immediatlie vpon the expiring of
+the truce which was taken till haruest might be ended, the warre betwixt
+the two kings of England & France began eftsoones to be pursued with
+like earnestnesse as before: wherevpon manie encounters chanced betwixt
+the parties, with taking of townes and fortresses, as commonlie in such
+cases it happeneth. Twise the French king was put to the worsse, once in
+September betwixt Gamages and Vernon, where he was driuen to saue
+himselfe by flight, loosing twentie knights, and thr�escore seruitors or
+yomen, which were taken, besides those that were slaine: and againe, in
+the same moneth on Michaelmasse euen betwixt Curseilles and Gisors, at
+what time he came to succour Curseilles, bringing with him 400 knights,
+besides seruitors, and a great multitude of commons. But the castell was
+woone before he could approch it.
+
+King Richard being aduertised of his comming, hasted foorth to m�et him,
+and giuing the onset vpon him, forced him to fl�e vnto Gisors, where at
+the entring of the bridge there was such preasse, that the bridge brake,
+so that amongst other, [Sidenote: King Philip almost drowned.] the king
+himselfe with his horsse and all fell into the riuer of Geth, and with
+much adoo was releeued, and got out of the water, no small number of
+right hardie and valiant gentlemen being taken at the same time, which
+put themselues forward to staie the Englishmen, till the king was
+recouered out of the present danger. To conclude, there were taken to
+the number of an hundred knights, [Sidenote: Seuen score saith _R.
+Houed._ _Matth. Paris._ _R. Houed._] and two hundred barded horsses,
+besides seruitors on horssebacke, and footmen with crossebowes. Amongst
+other prisoners these are named, Matthew de Montmorancie, Gales de
+Ports, Iollen de Bray, and manie other also innumerable. King Richard
+hauing got this victorie, wrote letters thereof vnto the archbishops,
+bishops, abbats, earles and barons of his realme, that they might praise
+God for his good successe.
+
+� A notable example to all princes that haue the conquest ouer their
+enimies, to referre the happie getting thereof to God, and to giue
+praise vnto him who giueth victorie vnto whom it pleaseth him. Which the
+Psalmograph saw verie well, and therefore ascribed all the issue of his
+prosperous affaires to God, as may well be noted by his words, saieng
+expresselie,
+    [Sidenote: _Eob. Hess. in Psal. 144._]
+                 ---- ab illo
+    Munior, hic instar turris & arcis erat,
+    Dura manus in bella meas qui format & armat,
+    Ad fera qui digitos instruit arma meos.
+
+Now will we staie the proceedings of the king of France at this time,
+and make no further relation thereof for a while, till we haue touched
+other things that happened in England at the same season. And first ye
+shall vnderstand, that Hugh Bardolfe, Roger Arundell, and Geffrey
+Hachet, to whom as iustices, the counties of Lincolne, Notingham, Yorke,
+Derbie, Northumberland, Westmerland, Cumberland, and Lancaster were
+appointed for circuits, held not onelie pl�es of assises, and of the
+crowne, [Sidenote: Inquisitions taken.] but also tooke inquisitions of
+escheats, and forfaitures of all maner of transgressions, and of
+donations of benefices, of marriages of widowes and maids, and other
+such like things as apperteined to the king, whereby any aduantages grew
+to his vse, the which for tediousnesse we passe ouer. These things were
+streightlie looked vnto, not without the disquieting of manie.
+
+Herewith came an other trouble in the necke of this former, to diuerse
+persons within the realme, through inquiries taken by the iustices of
+the forrests: for Hugh Neuille, Hugh Waley, and Heruisius Neuill,
+appointed iustices itinerants in that case, were commanded by the king
+to call before them archbishops, bishops, earles, barons, knights, and
+fr�eholders, with the reeue, and foure of the substantiall men of euerie
+towne or village, to heare and take knowledge of the kings commandement,
+[Sidenote: Ordinances of forrests.] touching the ordinances of forrests,
+the which were verie straight in sundrie points, so that whereas before
+those that offended in killing of the kings deere were punished by the
+purse, now they should loose their eies and genitals, as the lawe was in
+the daies of king Henrie his grandfather: and those that offended in
+cutting downe woods or bushes, or in digging and deluing vp of turues
+and clods, or by any other maner of waie made waste and distruction in
+woods or grasse, or spoile of venison, within the precinct of the
+forrests, contrarie to order, they should be put to their fines.
+
+[Sidenote: Pr�ests to be arrested offending in forrests.] He gaue
+commandement also, that it should be lawful to the forresters to take
+and put vnder arrest, as well pr�ests and those of the cleargie, as
+temporall men, being found offendors in forrest grounds and chases.
+Manie other ordinances were decr�ed touching the preseruation of
+forrests, and the kings prerogatiue, aduantages and profits rising and
+growing by the same, as well for sauing of his woods and wasts, as in
+pannage and agistements, greatlie to the restraint of them that might
+vsurpe or incroch vpon the grounds within the compasse of his forrests.
+
+Ye haue heard before, how the moonks of Canturburie did send to exhibit
+a complaint to the pope, for that their archbishop tooke vpon him to
+deale in exercise of matters belonging to a temporall man, [Sidenote:
+_Ger. Dor._] and not to such a one as had rule ouer the spiritualtie:
+but this was not the cause that did gr�eue them so much, as that he went
+forward with the erection of that church at Lameth, which his
+predecessor archbishop Baldwine had first begun at Haketon, now called
+S. Stephans (as before ye haue heard) and after was driuen through the
+importunate suit of the moonks to leaue off, and race that which he had
+there begun, to obeie the popes pleasure: [Sidenote: The church of
+Lameth.] and after laid a new foundation at Lameth.
+
+The moonks of Canturburie therefore still fearing least that church
+should greatlie preiudice such rights and liberties, as they pretended,
+namlie in the election of their archbishop, would neuer rest, but still
+complained and followed their suit in most obstinate maner in the court
+of Rome, as well in the daies of the said Baldwine, as now against
+Hubert, (when he tooke in hand to continue the worke according to the
+purpose of his predecessour the said Baldwine, which was to haue
+instituted a colledge there, and to haue placed secular canons in the
+same) and such was the earnest trauell of the moonks herein, that in the
+end now after the deceasse of pope Celestine, they found such fauour at
+the hands of pope Innocent his successor, that the same Innocent
+directed his letters of comandement to the archbishop, and other bishops
+of this land, [Sidenote: The pope comandeth the church of Lameth to be
+raced.] to destroie and race the same foundation, as a p�ece of worke
+derogatorie to the s�e of Canturburie, and verie preiudiciall to the
+estate of holie church.
+
+The archbishop at the first trusted to be borne out by the king (who was
+highlie offended with the moonks for their presumptuous dealing) and
+therefore refused to obeie the popes commandement. The king in deed
+stomached the matter so highlie, that he sent letters vnto the moonks by
+no worsse messengers than by Geffrey Fitz Peter, and Hugh Fitz Bardolfe
+his iustices, signifieng to them not onelie his high displeasure for
+their presumptuous proceedings in their suit without his consent, but
+also commanding them to surceasse, and not to proc�ed further in the
+matter by virtue of any such the popes letters, which they had purchased
+contrarie to the honour and dignitie of his crowne and realme. Moreouer,
+he wrote to the bishops, commanding them to appeale; and to the
+archbishop, forbidding him in any wise to breake downe the church which
+he had so builded at Lameth.
+
+[Sidenote: The presumtuous stoutnesse of the moonks.] The shiriffe of
+Kent also was commanded to seize into his hands all the tenements and
+possessions that belonged to the moonks (a frie of satan and as one
+saith verie well of them and the like leuen of lewdnesse,
+    ---- sentina malorum,
+    Agnorum sub pelle lupi, mercede colentes
+    Non pietate Deum, &c.)
+who neuer the lesse were so stout in that quarell, that they would not
+prolong one daie of the time appointed by the pope for the racing of
+that church. Herevpon the king for his part and the bishops in their
+owne behalfes wrote to the pope. Likewise the abbats of Boxeley, Fourd,
+Stratford, Roberts-bridge, Stanlie, and Basing Warke, wrote the matter
+to him: and againe the pope and the cardinals wrote to the king, to the
+archbishops, and bishops: and so letters passed to and fro, till at
+length the pope sent a Nuncio of purpose, to signifie his full
+determination, as in the next yeare it shall be shewed at full.
+
+[Sidenote: Welshmen vanquished. _Ger. Dor._ ascribeth this victorie vnto
+Hubert archb. of Canturburie and saith there were slaine about 500 of
+the enimies.] About the same time Geffrey Fitz Peter, lord cheefe
+iustice of England, raised a power of men, and went into Wales to
+succour the tenants of William de Brause, which were besieged of the
+king, or rather prince of that countrie, named Owen, the brother of
+Cadwalaine, [Sidenote: Mauds castle.] in Mauds castell: but the lord
+ch�efe iustice comming to the reskue of them within, gaue battell to the
+aduersaries, and vanquishing them slue three thousand of them, and
+seauen hundred of those that were taken prisoners and wounded. And all
+the while the warres continued in France, the losse for the most part
+still redounded to the Frenchmen. Earle John burnt Newburg, and tooke
+eighteene knights of such as were sent to the reskue.
+
+[Sidenote: The earle of Leicester.] The earle of Leicester with a small
+companie came before the castell of Pascie, which (although the
+Frenchmen held it) did yet of right belong vnto the said earle. The
+souldiors within issued foorth, and being too strong for the earle,
+caused him to flee, for otherwise he had b�ene taken. But returning on
+the morrow after with more companie about him, and laieng ambushes for
+the enimie, he approched the said castell, and trained the Frenchmen
+foorth till he had them within his danger, and then causing his men to
+breake out vpon them tooke an eight�ene knights, and a great multitude
+of other people. [Sidenote: Marchades.] Also Marchades with his rout of
+Brabanders did the Frenchmen much hurt, in robbing and spoiling the
+countries.
+
+About this season the archbishop of Canturburie went ouer into Normandie
+to speake with king Richard, and at the French kings request he passed
+into France, to common with him of peace, which the French king offered
+to conclude, in restoring all the townes and castels which he had taken
+(Gisors onelie excepted) and touching the possession and title thereof,
+he was contented to put the matter in compremise, to the order and award
+of six barons in Normandie to be named by him; and of six barons in
+France which king Richard should name. But king Richard would not thus
+agr�e, except the earle of Flanders and others which had forsaken the
+French king to take his part, might be comprised in the same peace. At
+length yet in Nouember, there was truce taken betwixt the two kings till
+the feast of S. Hilarie next insuing.
+
+In the meane time pope Innocent the third, vnderstanding in what present
+danger things stood in the holie land, and on the other side,
+considering what a weakening it was vnto christendome, to haue these two
+kings thus to warre with mortall hatred one against the other:
+[Sidenote: A truce taken betwixt the two kings.] he thought it stood him
+vpon to trauell betwixt them, to bring them vnto some peace and
+agreement. H�erevpon he dispatched one Peter the cardinall of Capua into
+France, as legat from the s�e of Rome, vnto the two foresaid kings, to
+instruct them in what present danger the state of the christians in Asia
+presentlie stood, so that without the aid of them and of other christian
+princes, it could not be holpen, but needs it must come to vtter ruine,
+and the Saracens yer long to be possessed of the whole. Therefore both
+in respect hereof, and also for the auoiding of the further wilfull
+spilling of christian bloud in such ciuill[17] and vngodlie warre, he
+besought them to staie their hands, and to ioine in some fr�endlie band
+of concord, whereby they might with mutuall consent bestow their seruice
+in that necessarie and most godlie warre, wherein by ouercomming the
+enimies of Christ, they might looke for worthie reward at his hands,
+which is the fr�e giuer of all victories.[18]
+
+[Sidenote: 1199.] The cardinall comming into France, and dooing his
+message in most earnest wise, was present at the interuiew appointed
+betwixt the two kings in the feast of S. Hilarie, but yet could not he
+bring his purpose to full effect: [Sidenote: _R. Houed._ A truce
+concluded for fiue yeares.] onelie he procured them to take truce for
+the term of fiue yeares, farther he could not get them to agr�e. � The
+fault by authors is ascribed aswell to king Richard, as to king Philip:
+for king Richard being first euill vsed, and put to hinderance,
+determined either to vanquish, or neuer to giue place.
+
+This forbearance from warre was concluded and taken in the yeare 1199
+after the incarnation, and tenth of king Richards reigne. But
+immediatlie after, there arose matter of new displeasure betwixt these
+two kings to k�epe their minds in vre with secret grudges, though by
+reason of the truce they outwardlie absteined from declaring it by force
+of armes. [Sidenote: Contention about the choosing of the emperour.] It
+chanced that in the election of a new emperour, the electors could not
+agr�e, one part of them choosing Otho duke of Saxonie, nephue to king
+Richard by his sister Maud, and another part of them naming Philip duke
+of Tuscaine, and brother to the last emperour Henrie.
+
+King Richard (as reason was) did procure what fauour he could to the
+furtherance of his nephue Otho: and king Philip on the contrarie part,
+did what he could in fauour of the foresaid Philip. At length Otho was
+admitted by the pope to end the strife: but yet the grudge remained in
+the harts of the two kings: Philip finding himselfe much gr�eued in that
+he had missed his purpose, and Richard being as little pleased for that
+he had woone his so hardlie, and with so much adoo. And thus matters
+passed for that yeare.
+
+[Sidenote: _R. Houed._ The popes letters to the king for the church of
+Lameth.] In the beginning of the next, the popes Nuncio came with
+letters, not onlie to the archbishop and bishops of England, but also to
+the king himselfe, signifieng the popes resolute decree touching the
+church and colledge of Lameth to be broken downe and suppressed.
+Wherevpon the king and archbishop (though sore against their willes)
+when they saw no waie longer to shift off the matter, y�elded to the
+popes pleasure: and so the archbishop sent his letters to Lameth, where
+the 21 daie of Januarie they were read, and the 27 daie of the same
+moneth was the church cast downe, & the canons which were alreadie these
+placed, had commandement to depart from thence without further delaie.
+[Sidenote: The moonks borne out by the pope.] Thus the moonks in dispite
+of the king and archbishop had their willes, but yet their vexation
+ceassed not, for the king and archbishop bearing them no small euill
+will, for that they had so obteined their purpose contrarie to their
+minds and intents, molested them diuerse waies, although the moonks
+still vpon complaint to the pope, were verie much releeued, and found
+great freendship both with him and likewise with his court. � So that it
+may be obserued that these dishclouts of the popes kitchen haue in all
+ages, since their first quickening b�ene troublesome and mutinous,
+sawcie and insolent, proud[19] and malapert. But,
+    [Sidenote: _M. Pal. in suo sag._]
+    Proh pudor! hos tolerare potest ecclesia porcos,
+    C�m sint lasciui nimi�m, nimi�mq; superbi,
+    Duntax�t ventri, veneri somn�q; vacantes?
+
+In this meane time, king Richard being now at rest from troubles of
+warre, studied busilie to prouide monie, meaning to make a new voiage
+into the holie land. Therefore finding himselfe beare of treasure, by
+reason of the French warres had emptied his cofers, [Sidenote: A tax.
+Fiue shillings of euerie plough land, as saith _Matt. Westm._] he set a
+great tax vpon his subiects, and by that meanes, hauing recouered a
+great summe, he builded that notable strong castell in Normandie, vpon
+the banke of the riuer of Saine, [Sidenote: Chasteau Galiard built.]
+named Chateau Galiard: which when it was finished he fell a iesting
+thereat and said; "Behold, is not this a faire daughter of one yeares
+growth." The soile where this castell was builded, belonged to the
+archbishop of Rouen, for which there followed great strife betwixt the
+king and the archbishop, till the pope tooke vp the matter (as before ye
+haue heard.)
+
+After this, he determined to chastise certeine persons in Poictou, which
+during the warres betwixt him and the French king, had aided the
+Frenchmen against him: wherevpon with an armie he passed foorth towards
+them, but by the waie he was informed, that one Widomer a vicount in the
+countrie of Britaine, had found great treasure: [Sidenote: Images of an
+emperour and of his wife & children all of fine gold. The annales of
+Aquitaine.] and therefore pretending a right thereto by vertue of his
+prerogatiue, he sent for the vicount, who smelling out the matter, and
+supposing the king would not be indifferent in parting the treasure,
+fled into Limosin, where although the people were tributaries to the
+king of England, yet they tooke part with the French king.
+
+[Sidenote: Chalus Cheuerell. _R. Houed._] There is a towne in that
+countrie called Chalus Cheuerell, into which the said vicount retired
+for safegard of himselfe, and then gaue the townesmen a great portion of
+treasure, to the end they should defend him and his quarell for the
+rest. King Richard still following him, as one that could not auoid his
+fatall ordinance, hasted into the confines of Limosin, fullie
+determining either to win the towne by force, if the inhabitants should
+make resistance, or at leastwise, to get into his hands the preie, which
+he so earnestlie pursued. [Sidenote: K. Richard besiegeth Chalus.] At
+his first approch he gaue manie fierce assaults to the towne, but they
+within hauing throughlie prouided aforehand for to defend a siege, so
+resisted his attempts, that within thr�e daies after his comming, he
+ceassed to assaile the towne, meaning to vndermine the walles, which
+otherwise he perceiued would verie hardlie be gotten; considering the
+stoutnesse of them within, and withall, the naturall strength and
+situation of the place it selfe.
+
+Herevpon therefore on the 26 of March, whiles he (togither with capteine
+Marchades) went about vnaduisedlie to view the towne (the better to
+consider the place which waie he might conueie the course of his mine)
+they came so farre within danger, [Sidenote: He is wounded.] that the
+king was stricken in the left arme, or (as some write) in the shoulder,
+where it ioined to the necke, with a quarell inuenomed (as is to be
+supposed by the sequele.) [Sidenote: _Ra. Niger._] Being thus wounded,
+he gat to his horsse, and rode home againe to his lodging, where he
+caused the wound to be searched and bound vp, and as a man nothing
+dismaid therewith, continued his siege with such force and assurance,
+that within 12 daies after the mishap, the towne was y�elded vnto him,
+although verie little treasure (to make any great accompt of) was at
+that time found therein.
+
+In this meane season, the king had committed the cure of his wound to
+one of Marchades his surgions, who taking in hand to plucke out the
+quarell, drew foorth onelie the shaft at the first[20], and left the
+iron still within, and afterwards going about most vnskilfullie to get
+foorth the head of the said quarell, he vsed such incisions, and so
+mangled the kings arme, yer he could cut it, [Sidenote: The king
+despaired of life.] that he himself despaired of all helpe and longer
+life, affirming flatlie to such as stood about him, that he could not
+long continue by reason of his butcherlie handling. To be short f�eling
+himselfe to wax weaker and weaker, preparing his mind to death, which he
+perceiued now to be at hand, [Sidenote: He ordeineth his testament.] he
+ordeined his testament, or rather reformed and added sundrie things vnto
+the same which he before had made, at the time of his gooing foorth
+towards the holie land.
+
+Vnto his brother Iohn he assigned the crowne of England, and all other
+his lands and dominions, causing the Nobles there present to sweare
+fealtie vnto him. [Sidenote: _R. Houed._] His monie, his iewels, and all
+other his goods mooueable he willed to be diuided into thr�e parts, of
+the which Otho the emperor his sisters sonne to haue one, his houshold
+seruants an other part, and the third to be distributed to the poore.
+Finallie remembring himselfe also of the place of his buriall, he
+commanded that his bodie should be interred at Fonteurard at his fathers
+feet, [Sidenote: _Matth. Paris._] but he willed his heart to be conueied
+vnto Rouen, and there buried, in testimonie of the loue which he had
+euer borne vnto that citie for the stedfast faith and tried loialtie at
+all times found in the citizens there. His bowels he ordeined to be
+buried in Poictiers, as in a place naturallie vnthankefull and not
+worthie to reteine any of the more honorable parts of his bodie.
+
+Moreouer he caused the arcubalistar that wounded him, to be sought out,
+whose name was Barthram de Garden[21], or Peter Basill (for so he named
+himselfe as some write) who being brought before the king, [Sidenote:
+_Rog. Houed._] he demanded wherein he had so much offended him, that he
+should so lie in wait to slea him, rather than Marchades, who was then
+in his companie, and attendant on his person? The other answered boldlie
+againe, saieng; "I purposed to kill thee, bicause thou sluest my father,
+and two of my brethren heretofore, and wouldest also now haue slaine me,
+if I had happened to fall into thy hands. Wherefore I intended to
+reuenge their deaths, not caring in the meane time what became of my
+selfe, so that I might in anie wise obteine my will of th�e, who in such
+sort hast bereft me of my freends." The king harkening vnto his words,
+and pondering his talke by good aduisement, [Sidenote: A notable example
+of forgiuing an enimie. _Matth. Paris._] fr�elie pardoned him, and
+withall commanded that he should be set at libertie, and thereto haue an
+hundred shillings giuen him in his pursse, and so to be let go.
+Moreouer, he gaue strait charge that no[22] man should hurt him, or s�eke
+any reuenge for this his death hereafter. Thus the penitent prince not
+onelie forgaue, but also rewarded his aduersarie. Howbeit after his
+deceasse, Marchades getting him into his hands, first caused the skin to
+be stripped off his bodie, and after hanged him on a gibit.
+
+[Sidenote: King Richard departed this life.] At length king Richard by
+force of sicknesse (increased with anguish of his incurable wound)
+departed this life, on the tuesdaie before Palmesundaie, being the ninth
+of Aprill, and the xj. daie after he was hurt, in the yeare after the
+birth of our Sauiour 1199. in the 44 yeare of his age, and after he had
+reigned nine yeares, nine moneths, and od daies: he left no issue behind
+him. [Sidenote: His stature & shape of bodie. _Gal. Vinsaf._] He was
+tall of stature, and well proportioned, faire and comelie of face, so as
+in his countenance appeared much fauour and grauitie, of haire bright
+aborne, as it were betwixt red and yellow, with long armes, and nimble
+in all his ioints his thighes and legs were of due proportion, and
+answerable to the other parts of his bodie.
+
+[Sidenote: His disposition of mind.] As he was comelie of personage, so
+was he of stomach more couragious and fierce, so that not without cause,
+he obteined the surname of Cueur de lion, that is to saie, The lions
+hart. Moreouer he was courteous to his souldiors, and towards his
+fr�ends and strangers that resorted vnto him verie liberall, but to his
+enimies hard and not to be intreated, desirous of battell, an enimie to
+rest and quietnesse, verie eloquent of speech and wise, but readie to
+enter into ieopardies, and that without feare or forecast in time of
+greatest perils.
+
+[Sidenote: The vices that were in king Richard.] These were his vertuous
+qualities, but his vices (if his vertues, his age, and the wars which he
+mainteined were throughlie weied) were either none at all, or else few
+in number, and not verie notorious. He was noted of the common people to
+be partlie subiect vnto pride, which surelie for the most part foloweth
+stoutnesse of mind: of incontinencie, to the which his youth might
+happilie be somewhat bent: and of couetousnesse, into the which infamie
+most captieins and such princes as commonlie follow the warres doo
+oftentimes fall, when of the necessitie they are driuen to exact monie,
+as well of fr�ends as enimies, to mainteine the infinit charges of their
+wars.
+
+Hereof it came, that on a time whiles he soiourned in France about his
+warres, which he held against K. Philip, [Sidenote: Fulco a pr�est.]
+there came vnto him a French pr�est whose name was Fulco, who required
+the K. in any wise to put from him thr�e abhominable daughters which he
+had, and to bestow them in marriage, least God punished him for them.
+Thou liest hypocrite (said the king) to thy verie face, for all the
+world knoweth that I haue not one daughter. I lie not (said the pr�est)
+for thou hast thr�e daughters, one of them is called pride, the second
+couetousnesse, and the third lecherie. With that the king, called to him
+his lords & barons, and said to them; "This hypocrite heere hath
+required me to marrie awaie my thr�e daughters, which (as he saith) I
+cherish, nourish, foster and mainteine, that is to say pride,
+couetousnesse, and lecherie. And now that I haue found out necessarie &
+fit husbands for them, I will doo it with effect, and seeke no more
+delaies. I therefore bequeath my pride to the high minded templers and
+hospitallers, which are as proud as Lucifer himselfe. My couetousnesse I
+giue vnto the white moonks, otherwise called of the Cisteaux order, for
+they couet the diuell and all. My lecherie I commit to the prelates of
+the church, who haue most pleasure and felicitie therein."
+
+[Sidenote: Baldwine & Hubert archbishops of Canturburie.] There liued in
+the daies of this king Richard, men of worthie fame amongst those of the
+cleargie, Baldwine archbishop of Canturburie, and Hubert who succeeded
+him in that s�e, also Hugh bishop of Lincolne, a man for his worthinesse
+of life highlie to be commended. Moreouer, William bishop of Elie, who
+though otherwise he was to be dispraised for his ambition and pompous
+hautinesse, yet the king vsed his seruice for a time greatlie to his
+profit and aduancement of the publike affaires. Also of learned men we
+find diuerse in these daies that flourished here in this land, as
+Baldwine of Deuonshire that came to the bishop of Worcester in this
+kings time, and after his deceasse, he was aduanced to the gouernment of
+the archbishops s�e of Canturburie, who wrote diuerse treatises, namelie
+of matters perteining to diuinitie. [Sidenote: _Iohn Bales._] Daniell
+Morley well seene in the Mathematicals, Iohn de Hexam, and Richard de
+Hexham two notable historicians; Guilielmus Stephanides a moonke of
+Canturburie, who wrote much in the praise of archbishop Becket. Beside
+these, we find one Richard, that was an abbat of the order
+Premonstratensis, Richard Diuisiensis, Nicholas Walkington, Robert de
+Bello Foco, an excellent philosopher, &c. � See Bale in his third
+Centurie.
+
+In martiall renowme there flourished in this kings daies diuerse noble
+capteines, as Robert earle of Leicester, Ranulfe de Fulgiers, two of the
+Bardulphes, Hugh and Henrie, thr�e Williams, Marshall, Brunell, and
+Mandeuill, with two Roberts, Ros and Sabeuile. [Sidenote: A great
+derth.] Furthermore, I find that in the daies of this king Richard, a
+great derth reigned in England, and also in France, for the space of
+three or foure yeares during the wars betw�ene him & king Philip, so
+that after his returne out of Germanie, and from imprisonment, a quarter
+of wheat was sold at 18 shillings eight pence, no small price in those
+daies, if you consider the alay of monie then currant.
+
+Also immediatlie after, that is to say, in the yeare of our Lord, a
+thousand, one hundred, nintie six, which was about the seuenth yere of
+the said kings reigne, [Sidenote: A great mortalitie of people. _Wil.
+Paruus._] there followed a maruellous sore death, which dailie consumed
+such numbers of people, that scarse there might be found any to k�epe
+and looke to those that were sicke, or to burie them that died. Which
+sickenesse was a pestilentiall feuer or sharpe burning ague. The
+accustomed manner of buriall was also neglected: so that in manie places
+they made great pits, and threw their dead bodies into the same, one
+vpon an other. For the multitude of them that died was such, that they
+could not haue time to make for euerie one a seuerall graue. This
+mortalitie continued for the space of fiue or six months, and at length
+ceassed in the cold season of winter.
+
+[Sidenote: Two sunnes.] In the octaues of Pentecost before this great
+death, in the first houre of the day, there appeared two sunnes, the
+true sunne & another, as it were a counterfeit sunne: but so
+apparentlie, that hard it was to the common people, to discerne the one
+from the other. The skilfull also were compelled by instruments to
+distinguish the one from the other: in taking their altitudes and
+places, whereby in the end they found the new apparition, as it were, to
+wait vpon the planet, and so continued by the space of certeine houres.
+At length when the beholders (of whom Wil. Paruus that recorded things
+in that age was one) had well wearied their eies in diligent marking the
+maner of this strange appearance, the counterfeit sunne vanished awaie.
+
+� This strange woonder was taken for a signification of that which
+followed, that is to say, of war, famine and pestilence: or to say the
+truth, it betokened rather the continuance of two of those mischiefs.
+For warre and famine had sore afflicted the people before that time, and
+as yet ceassed not: but as for the pestilence, it began soone after the
+strange sight, whereof insued such effect, as I haue alreadie rehearsed.
+
+
+     Thus farre king Richard.
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's notes
+
+There are no footnotes in the original. The original spelling and
+punctuation have been retained, with the exception of obvious errors
+which have been corrected by reference to the 1587 edition of which
+the original is a transcription.
+
+[1] Original reads 'where'; corrected to 'were'.
+
+[2] Original reads 'whith'; corrected to 'with'.
+
+[3] Original reads 'were'; corrected to 'where'.
+
+[4] Original reads 'be Camuille'; corrected to 'de Camuille'.
+
+[5] Original reads 'which tossed them them'; corrected to
+    'which tossed them'.
+
+[6] Original reads 'connterfet'; corrected to 'counterfet'.
+
+[7] Original reads 'holi�'; corrected to 'holie'.
+
+[8] Original reads 'easile'; corrected to 'easilie'.
+
+[9] Original reads 'forfied'; corrected to 'fortified'.
+
+[10] Original reads 'wearie dwith'; corrected to 'wearied with'.
+
+[11] Original reads 'Houden'; corrected to 'Houeden'.
+
+[12] Original reads 'a might br�ed as'; corrected to 'as might br�ed a'
+
+[13] Original reads 'Lancastsr'; corrected to 'Lancaster'.
+
+[14] Original reads "de' Rancin"; corrected to "de Rancin".
+
+[15] Original reads 'aud'; corrected to 'and'.
+
+[16] Original reads 'wherepon'; corrected to 'wherevpon'.
+
+[17] Original reads 'eiuill'; corrected to 'ciuill'.
+
+[18] Original reads 'victories,'; corrected to 'victories.'.
+
+[19] Original reads 'insolent,ro ud'; corrected to 'insolent, proud'.
+
+[20] Original reads 'at he first'; corrected to 'at the first'.
+
+[21] Original reads 'be Garden'; corrected to 'de Garden'.
+
+[22] Original reads 'that no no'; corrected to 'that no'.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and
+Ireland (2 of 6): England (6 of 12), by Raphael Holinshed
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND ***
+
+***** This file should be named 16762-8.txt or 16762-8.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/7/6/16762/
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Louise Pryor and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/16762-8.zip b/16762-8.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53733c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/16762-8.zip
diff --git a/16762-h.zip b/16762-h.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..904294a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/16762-h.zip
diff --git a/16762-h/16762-h.htm b/16762-h/16762-h.htm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..878b540
--- /dev/null
+++ b/16762-h/16762-h.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,6395 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=ascii" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of Holinshed's Chronicles Volume 2: Richard The First
+    </title>
+    <style type="text/css">
+/*<![CDATA[  XML blockout */
+<!--
+
+/*************************************************************************
+ Basics
+**************************************************************************/
+
+/* leave enough room at the sides for the sidenotes */
+body  { margin-left: 7em;  /* just the year notes */
+        margin-right: 25%; /* sidenotes and page numbers */
+        }
+
+p { margin-top: 1em;
+    text-align: justify;
+    margin-bottom: 0em;
+    }
+
+/* normal list items spaced as paragraphs */
+li { margin-top: 1em;
+     text-align: justify;
+     margin-bottom: 0em;
+     }
+
+/* headings */
+h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {
+                 text-align: center; /* all headings centered */
+                 clear: both;
+                 }
+h1 {
+     text-align: center;
+     clear: both;
+     font-size: 200%;
+     }
+/* horizontal lines */
+
+hr { width: 33%;
+     margin-top: 2em;
+     margin-bottom: 2em;
+     margin-left: auto;
+     margin-right: auto;
+     clear: both;
+     }
+hr.short { width: 20%;
+           }
+
+hr.mini { width: 10%;
+          margin-top: 1em;
+          margin-bottom: 1em;
+          }
+
+/* this requires all <a name="blah"></a> anchors to be empty. It fixes
+   a problem in Opera 8, which means that otherwise internal links at the
+   end of a file don't always work. */
+a[name] {position:absolute;}
+
+/**************************************************************************
+ Useful classes
+***************************************************************************/
+.center   {text-align: center;}
+.centergap {text-align: center; margin-top: 4em;}
+.right    {text-align: right;}
+.smcap    {font-variant: small-caps;}
+.lastline { text-align:center; font-size: 150%; margin-top:3em; }
+.blockquot { margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 5% }
+.biggest  {font-size: 200%}
+.bigger   {font-size: 150%; }
+.big      {font-size: 120%;}
+.nogap    {margin-top: 0;}
+
+/* used in the front matter */
+.head0    {text-align: center; font-size: 175%;}
+.head1    {text-align: center; font-size: 150%;}
+.head1it  {text-align: center; font-size: 150%; font-style: italic;}
+.head2    {text-align: center; font-size: 125%;}
+.head2it  {text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;}
+.head3    {text-align: center; font-size: 110%;}
+.head3it  {text-align: center; font-size: 110%; font-style: italic;}
+.headsmall {text-align: center; font-size: 80%;}
+.headtiny {text-align: center; font-size: 65%;}
+
+/**************************************************************************
+   lists in columns
+   technique from
+   http://pikasoftware.net/docs/index.php/Site_Map:_Multiple_Column_Lists
+***************************************************************************/
+.listcolumn2 { /* 2 columns */
+               float: left;
+               width: 50%;
+               margin-top: 2em;
+               }
+
+.listcolumn3 {   /* 3 columns */
+               float: left;
+               width: 33%;
+               margin-top: 2em;
+               }
+
+/* no gaps between individual names. no bullets or anything. */
+li.names {  margin-top: 0em;
+           text-align: left;
+           margin-bottom: 0em;
+           list-style-type: none;
+           }
+
+/* used for the Initial letters in the list of names */
+p.initial {margin-left: 4em;}
+
+/**************************************************************************
+ Poetry
+***************************************************************************/
+
+.poem             {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;}
+.poem br          {display: none;}
+.poem .stanza     {margin: 0.25em 0em 0.25em 0em;}
+.poem span        {display: block;
+                    margin: 0;
+                    padding-left: 3em;
+                    text-indent: -3em;}
+.poem span.i0     {display: block; margin-left: 0em;}
+.poem span.i1     {display: block; margin-left: 1em;}
+.poem span.i2     {display: block; margin-left: 2em;}
+.poem span.i3     {display: block; margin-left: 3em;}
+.poem span.i4     {display: block; margin-left: 4em;}
+.poem span.i5     {display: block; margin-left: 5em;}
+.poem span.i6     {display: block; margin-left: 6em;}
+.poem span.i7     {display: block; margin-left: 7em;}
+.poem span.i8     {display: block; margin-left: 8em;}
+.poem span.i9     {display: block; margin-left: 9em;}
+.poem span.i10     {display: block; margin-left: 10em;}
+.poem span.i12     {display: block; margin-left: 12em;}
+.poem span.i14     {display: block; margin-left: 14em;}
+.poem span.i16     {display: block; margin-left: 16em;}
+
+/*************************************************************************
+ footnotes (used only for transcriber's notes)
+**************************************************************************/
+
+/* box round the footnotes */
+.footnotes {
+             border: dashed 1px gray;
+             background-color: #EEE;
+             padding: 0 1em 1em 1em;
+             margin-top: 6em;
+             }
+
+.footnote {
+            font-size: 90%;
+            }
+.footnote .label { /* style the [nn] label left of footnote */
+                   float:left;       /* floated left of footnote text */
+                   text-align:left;  /* aligned left in float */
+                   width:2em;        /* uniform width of [1] and [99] */
+                   }
+.footnote a { /* take underline off the footnote label link */
+              text-decoration:none;
+              }
+.fnanchor { /* style the [nn] reference in the body text */
+            font-size: 80%;         /* a very discrete number */
+            text-decoration: none;  /* no underscore, blue color is enough */
+            vertical-align: 0.25em; /* raise up from baseline a bit */
+}
+
+/**************************************************************************
+  sidenotes
+***************************************************************************/
+
+/* body has L margin 7em, R margin 25% */
+
+.rightnote { position: absolute;
+             font-size: 75%;
+             text-align: left;
+             left: 77%;
+             width: 20%;
+             padding-left: 0;
+             text-indent: 0;
+             margin: 0 0 0 0;
+             }
+
+.yearnote {
+            position: absolute;
+            left: 0.5em;
+            width: 6em;
+            font-size: 90%;
+            border-bottom: solid 1px;
+            text-align: center;
+            }
+
+/* poems have different margins and text indenting */
+.poem span.rightnote {
+                       position: absolute;
+                       left: 77.5%;
+                       font-size: 75%;
+                       right: 10px;
+                       text-align: left;
+                       padding-left: 0;
+                       text-indent: 0;
+                       margin: 0 0 0 0;
+                       }
+
+/* blockquotes have different margins and text indenting */
+.blockquot span.rightnote {
+                    position: absolute;
+                    left: 77.5%;
+                    font-size: 75%;
+                    right: 10px;
+                    text-align: left;
+                    padding-left: 0;
+                    text-indent: 0;
+                    margin: 0 0 0 0;
+	  }
+/* hide some stuff when css is active */
+.hidden {display: none;}
+.poem span.hidden {display: none;}
+
+/****************************************************************************
+ Page numbers
+****************************************************************************/
+.pagenum  {/* right-margin page numbers */
+            display: inline;    /* set to "none" to make #s disappear	*/
+            font-size: 70%;     /* tiny type.. */
+            text-align: right;
+            position: absolute;
+            right: 5px;
+            padding: 0 0 0 0 ;  /* ..very compact */
+            margin: 0 0 0 0;
+            font-weight: 400;   /* normal weight */
+            font-style: normal;
+            text-decoration: none;
+            color: #444;        /* ..dark gray.. */
+            background-color: #EEE; /* ..on light gray.. #EEE */
+            margin-left: 0; text-indent: 0;
+            }
+/* poems have different margins and text indenting */
+.poem span.pagenum {/* right-margin page numbers */
+            display: inline;    /* set to "none" to make #s disappear	*/
+            font-size: 70%;     /* tiny type.. */
+            text-align: right;
+            position: absolute;
+            right: 5px;
+            padding: 0 0 0 0 ;  /* ..very compact */
+            margin: 0 0 0 0;
+            font-weight: 400;   /* normal weight */
+            font-style: normal;
+            text-decoration: none;
+            color: #444;        /* ..dark gray.. */
+            background-color: #EEE; /* ..on light gray.. #EEE */
+            margin-left: 0; text-indent: 0;
+            }
+/*****************************************************************
+ end
+******************************************************************/
+
+    // -->
+    /* XML end  ]]>*/
+    </style>
+  </head>
+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland
+(2 of 6): England (6 of 12), by Raphael Holinshed
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland (2 of 6): England (6 of 12)
+       Richard the First
+
+Author: Raphael Holinshed
+
+Release Date: September 27, 2005 [EBook #16762]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Louise Pryor and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<p><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202" ></a><span class="pagenum">[202]</span></p>
+<h2>RICHARD THE FIRST,</h2>
+<p class="bigger center">Second sonne to Henrie the second.</p>
+
+
+<p style="margin-top:3em;">
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;1. <br />
+1189.</span>
+Richard the first of that name, and second sonne of Henrie the second,
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i></span>
+began his reigne ouer England the sixt day of Julie, in the yere of our
+Lord 1189. in the seauen and thirteeth yeare of the emperour Frederike
+the first, in the eleuenth yere of the reigne of Philip the second king
+of France, and king William surnamed the Lion as yet liuing in the
+gouernement of Scotland.</p>
+
+<p>This Richard, immediatlie after the solemnities of his fathers funerals
+were ended, made hast to Rouen, where he was ioifullie receiued, and
+proclamed duke of Normandie, receiuing the inuesture according to the
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matt.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+custome, on the twentith day of Julie. Then studieng to set all things
+in good order on that side the sea, he made search where his fathers
+<span class="rightnote">Stephan de Turnham committed to prison.</span>
+treasure was preserued, and therevpon attached Stephan de Turnham, who
+was seneschall or gouernour (as we may call him) of Aniou, and
+committing him to prison, compelled him to make deliuerie of all such
+summes of monie as he had hid and laid vp in certeine castels by the
+commandement of the late king his father.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> <i>Polydor.</i></span>
+Whilest he was thus occupied, his brother John came to him, to whom he
+ioifullie gaue the welcome, and besides all other things which his
+father had bequeathed vnto him by his testament in England, amounting to
+the value of foure thousand pounds of yearelie rent, with the earledome
+of Mortaigne, he procured a marriage for him (being now a
+<a name="Page_203" id="Page_203" ></a><span class="pagenum">[203]</span>
+widower) for
+<span class="rightnote">Isabell daughter to the earle of Glocester married to John
+y<sup>e</sup> kings brother.<br />
+She is named by diuerse authors Hauisia. <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> <i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+his further aduancement with the ladie Isabell, daughter to Robert earle
+of Glocester, which earle had appointed the said John to be his heire as
+before is mentioned, although Baldwine the archbishop of Canturburie
+forbad the mariage, bicause they were coosens in the third degree of
+consanguinitie. To Robert earle of Leicester also he restored all his
+lands which had b&eacute;ene taken from him, and such persons as his father had
+disherited, he restored likewise to their former rights and possessions,
+howbeit those had forsaken his father, and taken part with him against
+his said father, he s&eacute;emed now so much to mislike, that he remooued them
+vtterlie from his presence, and contrariwise preferred such as had
+continued faithfull vnto his father in time of the troubles.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matt.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+At length, king Richard remembring himselfe of his mother qu&eacute;ene
+Elianor, who had b&eacute;ene separated from the bed of hir husband for the
+space of sixt&eacute;ene yeares, and was as yet deteined in prison in England,
+wrote his letters vnto the rulers of the realme, commanding them to set
+<span class="rightnote">The kings mother set at libertie.</span>
+hir againe at libertie, and withall appointed hir by his letters
+patents, to take vpon hir the whole gouernment of the kingdome in his
+absence. The qu&eacute;ene being thus deliuered, and hauing now the cheefe
+authoritie &amp; rule in hir hands, rode in progresse about the realme, to
+s&eacute;e the estate thereof; and as she passed from place to place, she
+shewed gladsome countenance to the people wheresoeuer she came, dooing
+also what she could to pleasure them, that she might thereby win their
+good willes to hir, and to hir sonne: but speciallie remembring by hir
+late experience and tast thereof, what an irksome &amp; most gr&eacute;euous thing
+imprisonment was, she caused the gailes to be opened, and foorthwith set
+no small number of prisoners at libertie by the way as she passed
+through the countries, according to the verse of Virgil,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Non ignara mali miseris succurrere disco.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>In the meane time, king Richard concluding a league with Philip king of
+France, receiued all those places againe which were taken from his
+father by the same Philip, togither with his wife Adela, whom vpon
+suspicion that she had beene dishonested in hir person before, without
+anie sufficient proofe thereof had, he forsooke, &amp; sent hir home with
+hir dowrie, and otherwise with great and princelie gifts, most
+bountifullie inriched, hauing alreadie concluded a marriage with the
+ladie Berengaria, daughter to Garsias king of Nauarre, who was sent into
+Sicill vnto hir sister Joane, that he might marrie hir there, as he
+passed that waie towards the holie land.</p>
+
+<p>Whilest these things passed thus in these parties, the christians in
+<span class="rightnote">The 2. kings of England &amp; France determine to go into the
+holie land</span>
+the holie land dailie sent hither for aid, wherevpon the two kings of
+France and England tooke counsell togither, and determined with all
+conuenient speed to ioine their powers, &amp; with ships prepared for that
+purpose to saile into Syria. Hauing thus concluded, they went about to
+prepare themselues of necessarie prouision for so long a iournie. Now
+when king Richard had set in order his affaires in Normandie and France,
+<span class="rightnote">At Southhampton the 21 of August saith <i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i>
+<i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i> <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+he came ouer into England, landing at Portesmouth the 13. of August.
+With him also came his brother John, vnto whom he assigned the castels
+of Marlebridge, Lutegareshall, Peake, Bollesour, the honor of
+Wallingford, Tikehill and Eie, with the earledoms of Mortaigne, Dorset,
+Sumerset, Notingham, Derbie, Deuonshire, and Cornewall, with the
+earledome of Lancaster, intituling him earle of the same, whereby he was
+so exalted in state and degree, that he s&eacute;emed in manner of a tetrarch,
+hauing as it were a fourth part of the realme in gouernance: but yet the
+king held some of the castels (in those counties and honors thus giuen
+to his brother) in his owne hands. Moreouer, vnto William Marshall he
+gaue in marriage the daughter of Richard earle of Chepstow, togither
+with the earledome which hir father possessed: and to Gilbert Fitz Roger
+the sonne of Rainfrey he gaue the daughter of William de Lancaster.
+After he was landed (as before ye haue heard) he hasted to Winchester,
+where his mother qu&eacute;ene Elianor with the most part of the English
+nobilitie had laine a good space to attend his comming, and there on the
+euen of the assumption of our ladie, the king was by them receiued with
+great ioy and triumph.</p>
+
+<p>&para; Here is to be noted, that whilest the qu&eacute;ene and lords laie in
+Winchester waiting for the kings arriuall, Geffrey Riddle the bishop of
+Elie departed this life. He is named by
+<a name="Page_204" id="Page_204" ></a><span class="pagenum">[204]</span>
+Geruasius Dorobernensis the
+proud bishop of Elie: but he might rather haue named him the rich
+bishop, for he left in his cofers no small quantitie of treasure, of the
+which thr&eacute;e thousand and two hundred marks came to the kings part
+towards the charges of his coronation. No maruell though Geruasius spake
+somewhat in his dispraise, for (as he himselfe confesseth) he was no
+fr&eacute;end but an enimie to moonks.</p>
+
+<p>But to let this passe, soone after the kings comming into England, he
+was informed that the Welshmen had broken into the English marshes, and
+destroyed certeine townes; to represse whose presumptuous attempts he
+made towards them, but was yet staied for that time, &amp; reuoked by his
+<span class="rightnote">His fathers treasure.</span>
+mother. At Salisburie he found his fathers treasure, highlie reioising,
+for that the summe was far greater than he thought it would haue
+prooued, for besides the pretious stones, apparell, and iewels, it was
+reported he had there the sum of nine hundred thousand pounds in readie
+coine. With this good hap king Richard not a little aduanced, came to
+<span class="rightnote"><i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i> <i>Gau.&nbsp;Vinsaf.</i> <i>Nic.&nbsp;Triuet.</i><br />
+The second of September saith <i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i></span>
+London on the first of September, where he had appointed prouision to be
+made for his coronation, and so calling a councell of the Nobles of the
+realme, he receiued the crowne with all due and accustomed solemnitie,
+at the hands of Baldwin the archbishop of Canturburie, the third daie of
+September.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The order of his coronati&#333;. <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+At his coronation, first the archbishops of Canturburie, Roan, Trier,
+and Dublin, which were present, with all the other bishops, abbats, and
+cleargie, apparelled in rich copes, and hauing the crosse, holie water
+and censures carried afore them, came to fetch him vnto the doore of his
+priuie chamber, and there receiuing him, they led him vnto the church at
+Westminster, till he came before the high altar with a solemne
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+procession. In the middle of the bishops and cleargie went foure barons,
+bearing candlesticks with tapers, after whom came Geffrey de Lucie
+bearing the cap of maintenance, and John Marshall next to him, bearing a
+great and massiue paire of spurs of gold: then followed William Marshall
+earle of Striguill ali&agrave;s Pembroke, who bare the roiall scepter, in the
+top wherof was set a crosse of gold: and William de Patrike earle of
+Salisburie going next him, bare the warder or rod, hauing on the top
+thereof a doue. Then came thr&eacute;e other earles, Dauid brother to the king
+of Scots, the earle of Huntington, John the kings brother earle of
+Mortaigne, and Robert earle of Leicester, ech of them bearing a sword
+vpright in his hand with the scabberds richlie trimmed and adorned with
+gold.</p>
+
+<p>The earle of Mortaigne went in the midst betwixt the other two. After
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+them followed six earles and barons, bearing a checker table, vpon the
+which was set the kings scochens of armes, and then followed William
+Mandeuill earle of Albemarle, bearing a crowne of gold a great heigth
+before the king, who followed the same, hauing Hugh bishop of Durham on
+the right hand, and Reignold bishop of Bath on the left, ouer whom a
+canapie was borne: and in this order he came into the church at
+Westminster, where before the high altar in the presence of the cleargie
+&amp; the people, laieng his hand vpon the holie euangelists and the relikes
+<span class="rightnote">The king his oth.</span>
+of certeine saincts, he tooke a solemne oth, that he should obserue
+peace, honour, and reuerence to almightie God, to his church, and to the
+ministers of the same all the daies of his life. Also that he should
+exercise vpright iustice to the people committed to his charge, and that
+he should abrogate and disanull all euill lawes and wrongfull customes,
+if anie were to be found within the precinct of his realme, and
+mainteine those that were good and laudable.</p>
+
+<p>This doone, he put off all his garments from the middle vpwards, his
+shirt excepted which was open on the shoulders, that he might be
+annointed. The archbishop of Canturburie annointed him then in thr&eacute;e
+places, to wit, on the head, on the shoulders, and on the right arme,
+with praiers in such case accustomed. After this, he couered his head
+with a linnen cloth hallowed, and set his cap aloft thereon; and then
+when he had put on his roiall garments and vppermost robe, the
+archbishop tooke vnto him the sword wherewith he should beat downe the
+enimies of the church; which doone, two earles put his shoes vpon his
+feet, and hauing his mantell put on him, the archbishop forbad him on
+the behalfe of almightie God, not to presume to take vpon him this
+dignitie
+<a name="Page_205" id="Page_205" ></a><span class="pagenum">[205]</span>
+except he faithfullie meant to performe those things which he
+had there sworne to performe. Wherevnto the king made answer, that by
+Gods grace he would performe them. Then the king tooke the crowne beside
+the altar, and deliuered it to the archbishop, which he set vpon the
+kings head, deliuering to him the scepter to hold in his right hand, and
+the rod roiall in his left hand, &amp; thus being crowned he was brought
+backe by the bishops and barons, with the crosse and candelsticks, and
+three swords passing foorth before him vnto his seat. When the bishop
+that sang the masse came to the offertorie, the two bishops that brought
+him to the church, led him to the altar, and brought him backe againe.</p>
+
+<p>Finallie when masse was doone, and all things ended in order as was
+requisit, he was brought with solemne procession into his chamber, where
+he put off his heauie rich apparell, and put on a crowne and other
+garments more light and easie, and so went to dinner, whereat wanted no
+store of meats &amp; drinks, which were serued out in most princelie and
+bountifull wise.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i></span>
+Vpon this daie of king Richards coronation, the Jewes that dwelt in
+London and in other parts of the realme, being there assembled, had but
+sorie hap, as it chanced. For they meaning to honour the same coronation
+<span class="rightnote">The Jewes ment to present him with a rich gift.</span>
+with their presence, and to present to the king some honourable gift,
+whereby they might declare themselues glad for his aduancement, and
+procure his freendship towards them, for the confirming of their
+priuileges &amp; liberties, according to the grants and charters made to
+them by the former kings: he of a zealous mind to Christes religion,
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matt.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+abhorring their nation (and doubting some sorcerie by them to be
+practised) commanded that they should not come within the church when he
+should receiue the crowne, nor within the palace whilest he was at
+dinner.</p>
+
+<p>But at dinner time, among other that pressed in at the palace gate,
+diuerse of the Jewes were about to thrust in, till one of them was
+<span class="rightnote">A Jew striken.</span>
+striken by a Christian, who alledging the kings commandement, kept them
+backe from comming within the palace. Which some of the vnrulie people
+perceiuing, and supposing it had b&eacute;ene doone by the kings commandement,
+<span class="rightnote">The people fall vpon the Jewes and beat them.</span>
+tooke lightlie occasion thereof, and falling vpon the Jewes with staues,
+bats and stones, beat them and chased them home to their houses and
+lodgings. H&eacute;erewith rose a rumor through the citie, that the king had
+commanded the Jewes to be destroied, and therevpon came running
+togither, to assault them in their houses, which when they could not
+easilie breake vp nor enter, by reason the same were strongly builded,
+<span class="rightnote">Their houses are set on fire.</span>
+they set fire on them, so that diuers houses were consumed, not onelie
+of the Jewes, but also of their neighbours, so hideous was the rage of
+the fire. Here we see that</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Regis ad exemplum totus componitur orbis.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The king being aduertised of this riotous attempt of the outragious
+people, sent some of his councellours, as Ranulfe de Glanuille lord
+Justice, and other officers to appease the tumult: but their authoritie
+was nothing regarded, nor their persuasions any whit reuerenced, but
+their thretnings rather brought themselues in danger of life among the
+rude sort of those that were about to spoile, rob, and sacke the houses
+and shops of the Jewes: to the better accomplishment of which their
+vnlawfull act, the light that the fire of those houses which burned,
+gaue after it was once night, did minister no small helpe and occasion
+<span class="rightnote">Jewes burnt to death.</span>
+of furtherance. The Jewes that were in those houses which were set on
+fire, were either smoldred and burned to death within, or else at their
+comming foorth most cruellie receiued vpon the points of speares,
+billes, swords and gleaues of their aduersaries that watched for them
+verie diligentlie.</p>
+
+<p>This outrage of the furious and disordered people continued from the
+middest of the one day, till two of the clocke on the other; the commons
+all that while neuer ceassing their furie against that nation, but still
+killing them as they met with any of them, in most horrible, rash and
+vnreasonable maner. At length, rather wearied with their cruell dooings,
+than satisfied with spoile, or mooued with respect of reason or
+reuerence of their prince, they withdrew themselues from their riotous
+enterprise, after they had executed
+<a name="Page_206" id="Page_206" ></a><span class="pagenum">[206]</span>
+manie vnlawfull and horrible
+enormities. This great riot well deserued sore and gr&eacute;euous punishment,
+but yet it passed ouer without correction, in respect of the great
+number of the transgressors, and for that the most part of men for the
+hatred generallie concerned against the obstinate frowardnesse of the
+Jewes, liked the dooings hereof well inough, interpreting it to be a
+good token, that the ioifull daie of the kings aduancement to the crowne
+should be dolefull vnto the Jewes, in bringing them to such slaughter
+and destruction. Finallie, after that the tumult was ceassed, the king
+commanded that no man should hurt or harme any of the Jewes, and so they
+were restored to peace, after they had susteined infinit damage.</p>
+
+<p>&para; The occasion of this tragedie and bloudie tumult (redounding to the
+Jewes great vexation and pitifull distresse, but to the satisfieng of
+the peoples furious and vnbridled pronesse to crueltie) sprang
+principallie from the king, who if he had not so lightlie esteemed of
+the Jewes when they repaired vnto him with their present, in signe of
+submission and hope of obteining their sute then purposed to be
+exhibited; this hurlie burlie had not insued. For it was a violent
+example &amp; a mightie motiue to the people to maligne the Jewes; as also a
+hart-gr&eacute;efe to them in respect of their reiection, when the prince gaue
+them so discourteous a repulse. Here therefore is to be obserued, that
+the people is the princes ape, as one verie well saith. For looke
+whereto he is inclined, note wherein he delighteth; the same is the
+practise of the people: in consideration whereof the mightie ones of the
+world haue speciall cause to haue an eie to their course of life, &amp; to
+set caueats before their actions, that the people may in them s&eacute;e none
+but good signes of commendable &amp; vertuous imitation. For</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Pal. in suo sag.</i></span>
+<span class="i2">&mdash;&mdash; regis imago<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Vulgus, &amp; ad mores accedere principis optat.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Qualis enim rex est talis quoque subditus illi<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Esse solet populus, studijsque tenetur ijsdem.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">A councell at Pipewell.</span>
+Shortlie after, to wit, the 15. day of September, a councell was holden
+at Pipewell, where the bishops and abbats being assembled, there were in
+presence of the king and of the archbishop of Canturburie elected
+certeine bishops and abbats to such places as then were vacant: and
+amongst other, William de Longchampe the kings chancellor was elected to
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i></span>
+the s&eacute;e of Elie, Geffrey the kings bastard brother vnto the
+archbishoprike of Yorke, who was the 32. in number that had gouerned the
+same, Geffrey de Lucie to Winchester, one Hubert Walter to Salisburie,
+and Richard archdeacon of Elie, and the kings treasurer to the see of
+London. The abbeies that were prouided of abbats were these,
+Glastenburie, Shirborne, Persore and Feuersham. In like manner, John the
+<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Whitherne consecrated. <i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+elect of Whitherne was consecrated bishop of that see, by the hands of
+the archbishop of Dublin. Also in this councell the king ordeined Hugh
+bishop of Durham, and William Mandeuille earle of Albemarle, lord ch&eacute;efe
+iustices of England, hauing deposed Ranulfe de Glanuille from that
+roome.</p>
+
+<p>Moreouer, the king being thus established in the estate of the kingdome,
+did not forget his iournie which he had promised into the holie land,
+but with all diligence made his prouision, and namelie he sought to
+gather monie to furnish his charges, and so therevpon leuied a tax,
+engaged, sold, and let to farme his lands, tols, customs, and other his
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matt.&nbsp;Par.</i></span>
+reuenewes, with certeine counties and offices, so that he made an
+exceeding summe of monie. He also found, that Ranulfe de Glanuille lord
+ch&eacute;efe iustice, and other of the head magistrates had not behaued
+themselues vprightlie in the administration of their offices; so that he
+both deposed the said lord cheefe iustice as is aforesaid, and almost
+all the shiriffes and their deputies within the realme of England,
+putting them to greeuous fines for their offenses and transgressions,
+and so by that meanes he got no small deale of monie.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i></span>
+&para; Here note by the waie, how William Paruus affirmeth, that where this
+Ranulfe Glanuille, being a man of high wisedome and stept into age, saw
+that, manie things were doone
+<a name="Page_207" id="Page_207" ></a><span class="pagenum">[207]</span>
+by the new king, not so aduisedlie, nor
+with such foresight as they ought to be, sought of his owne accord to be
+discharged of his office, that he might the better prepare himselfe to
+go in that iournie to the holie land, as by taking vpon him the crosse
+he had vowed in the daies of king Henrie, and so he solemnelie renounced
+his office, which other (nothing so worthie of it) did afterwards inioy.</p>
+
+<p>Moreouer, the king vnderstanding that Hugh Putsey or Pudsey bishop of
+Durham, being a verie aged man, had much monie, he sold to him the
+manour of Seggesfield or Sadberge, with the wapentake belonging to the
+same, and also found meanes to persuade him to buy his owne prouince,
+which he did, giuing to the king an inestimable summe of monie, and was
+<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Durham Sadberge.
+The bishop of Durham made an earle.</span>
+therevpon created an earle by the king for the same: wherevpon he was
+intituled both bishop and earle of Durham, whereat the king would iest
+afterwards and saie; "What a cunning craftesman am I, that haue made a
+new earle of an old bishop?"</p>
+
+<p>Furthermore, the same bishop gaue to the king a thousand markes to be
+made ch&eacute;efe iustice of England, and that he might tarrie at home, and
+not go into the holie land. And bicause he would not be reprooued of any
+person, he obteined of the apostolike s&eacute;e (which faileth no man that is
+surcharged with white or red mettall, and would be eased) a licence for
+a summe of monie to be dispensed with for that iournie. The king thus
+being earnestlie bent to make commoditie of those things, for the which
+<span class="rightnote">The citizens of London present monie to the King. <br />
+<i>Polydor.</i><br />
+Liberties granted to London. Two bailiffes.</span>
+he might get any monie at all, the citizens of London presented vnto him
+a great summe towards the furnishing foorth of his enterprise. Wherevpon
+to acquite their courtesie, he granted them large priuileges, and
+ordeined that the citie should be ruled by two head officers, which they
+should choose amongst themselues remoueable from yeare to yeare by the
+name of bailiffes. The names of the two first bailiffes chosen by force
+of that ordinance, were<a name="FNanchor_6_1" id="FNanchor_6_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a>, Henrie Cornehill, and Richard Fitz Reiner.</p>
+
+<p>The citie before those daies euer since the comming in of William
+Conquerour, and a good while before his time, was gouerned by certeine
+<span class="rightnote">Port Greues.</span>
+officers or rulers named Port Greues (which word is deriued of two Saxon
+words, as Port and Greue. By Port is meant a towne, and by Greue a
+gardian or ruler, as who should saie, A k&eacute;eper or ruler of a towne.)
+These rulers with<a name="FNanchor_6_2" id="FNanchor_6_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> the lawes &amp; customes then vsed within this citie, were
+registered in a booke called (as some haue said) Doomesdaie, but through
+negligence after these lawes and customes were changed and altered, the
+booke was lost, so that the remembrance of such rulers as were before
+the daies of this Richard the first are not to be had. These bailiffes
+euer entred at Michaelmasse, and so continued foorth their yeare.</p>
+
+<p>Thus began the citie first to receiue the forme and state of a
+common-wealth, and to be diuided into felowships, which they call crafts
+or corporations. Such also are admitted to the fellowships of these
+<span class="rightnote">Apprentises.</span>
+companies, as haue truelie serued as apprentises a certeine number of
+yeares, as seuen at the least, vnder which time of seruice expired,
+there is none made fr&eacute;e, nor suffered to inioy the liberties of that
+<span class="rightnote">Fr&eacute;emen.</span>
+citie, sauing such as are borne free, that is to saie, of fr&eacute;emen within
+the citie, of whome at this time, it is not much materiall to make any
+further report. The citie thus consisting of the said craftes or
+occupations, chooseth out of the same a senat or companie of graue
+councellours, whom they name Aldermen (E) changed into (A) according to
+<span class="rightnote">Wards.</span>
+the old Saxon pronuntiation. It is also diuided into 26. tribes or
+wards, of the which euerie one hath his seuerall Alderman, or ouerseer,
+who haue both authoritie sufficient, and large priuileges to mainteine
+the good gouernement of their portions withall. Out of the number of
+these, there is another officer yearelie chosen and appointed, called
+<span class="rightnote">The Maior.</span>
+the Maior, who ruleth all the rest.</p>
+
+<p>But now to returne vnto the further dooings of king Richard before his
+departure out of England towards his iournie into the land of Palestine,
+commonlie called Holie land, it is said, he made such sale of things
+apperteining to him, as well in right of the crowne,
+<a name="Page_208" id="Page_208" ></a><span class="pagenum">[208]</span>
+as otherwise, that
+it s&eacute;emed to diuerse he made his reckoning neuer to returne againe, in
+so much that some of his councellours told him plainelie, that he did
+<span class="rightnote">K. Richard setteth things on sale. <i>Ran.&nbsp;Higd.</i>
+<i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i></span>
+not well in making things awaie so freelie, to the dishonoring of his
+maiestie, and preiudice of his successour; vnto whome he answered, "that
+in time of need it was no euill policie for a man to help himselfe with
+his owne," and further ioined hereto these words, "that if London at
+that time of n&eacute;ed would be bought, he would surelie sell it, if he might
+m&eacute;et with a conuenient merchant that were able to giue him monie inough
+for it."</p>
+
+<p>Another way he had also to gather riches, and that was this. He had a
+licence of pope Innocent the third, to dispense with such as pleased him
+within his realme, for their vowes made to go into the holie land,
+although they had taken on them the crosse for that purpose, namelie
+such as he should appoint to remaine behind him for the defense of his
+countrie: and of these also he tooke abundantlie, and diuerse other he
+compelled to fine, namelie, to the end that he might get their monie
+likewise, that hereby he obteined no small summe toward the furniture of
+his iournie. But both pope &amp; prince forgat in the meane while, that</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Boni pastoris est tondere pecus non excoriare.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>This yeare also in the moneth of Nouember, as Matthew Paris saith,
+Johannes de Anagnia a cardinall and legat from the pope arriued here in
+England, comming on land at Douer, and bicause the king was as then in
+the north parts, the same cardinall was prohibited on the behalfe of the
+kings mother qu&eacute;ene Elianor, to passe any further without the kings
+commandement. And so he staied there thirt&eacute;ene daies at the charges of
+the archbishop of Canturburie, till the king came to those parties, by
+whose wisedome a direction was taken for the quieting of the
+controuersie betwixt the archbishop, and the moonkes of Canturburie, for
+the chappell church of Hakington now called S. Stephans.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+In the same moneth of Nouember, by the kings appointment, Geffrey the
+elect of Yorke, who was the kings brother, with other barons and lords
+<span class="rightnote">William king of Scots.</span>
+of Yorkeshire, receiued William king of Scotland at the water of Tweed,
+and from thence with all due reuerence and honour they brought him vnto
+<span class="rightnote">A councell called at Canturburie. <br />
+<i>Polydor.</i> <br />
+An oth.<br />
+<i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+Canturburie, where the king had called a councell of the lords of his
+realme both spirituall and temporall, in the which euerie of them tooke
+an oth to be true to the king, and to continue in due obedience vnder
+him and his lawes, which oth also the king of Scots receiued, being
+there present, and likewise king Richards brethren earle John and
+Geffrey the archbishop of Yorke.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> <i>Polydor.</i></span>
+The king of Scots therefore hauing receiued this oth, and thinking the
+time to serue his purpose for red&eacute;eming of those castels, which were
+deliuered to king Henrie as gages for his ransome, paid now vnto king
+<span class="rightnote">Restitution made to the K. of Scots. <i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i></span>
+Richard ten thousand markes, and had restitution for the same, that is
+of Berwike, Roxburgh, Sterling, and Edenburgh. But William Paruus
+saieth, that Edenburgh was restored to him in the daies of king Henrie,
+by reason of his wife which he tooke in the parties beyond the seas: and
+herewith agr&eacute;eth the Scotish chronicle. King Richard also assigned to
+queene Elianor his mother, the accustomed dower, with manie lordships
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+and honours beside, as an augmentation thereof. About which time died
+William de Mandeuille earle of Albemarle at Rouen, and Hugh de Putsey
+<span class="rightnote"><i>N.&nbsp;Triuet.</i></span>
+the nephue of the bishop of Durham died at Aclet, and was buried at
+Durham. Also Formalis archbishop of Trier died at Northampton, and was
+there buried in the church of S. Andrews.</p>
+
+<p>In the meane time, king Richard still desirous to furnish himselfe with
+monie, deuised yet another shift, and feigned that he had lost his
+seale; wherefore he commanded a new to be made, which being doone, he
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+caused it to be proclaimed and published in euerie countrie, that those
+to whome he had granted any thing by his d&eacute;ed or charter, meaning to
+inioy the same in suretie, should not thinke it much to come and haue it
+confirmed by his new seale, least afterward the other being lost, their
+lawfull titles might be called into question. Wherevpon manie that could
+not come to him whilest he was in England,
+<a name="Page_209" id="Page_209" ></a><span class="pagenum">[209]</span>
+were glad to follow him, and
+saile ouer into Normandie, and there to fine at his pleasure for the new
+seale, to the end that their writings might be confirmed thereby, and
+made so much the more sure to them and their successours. For the same
+businesse also Remigius the prior of S. Albons, and manie other went
+ouer to their great costs, charges, and trauell, after he was
+transported into France.</p>
+
+<p>I find moreouer about the same time, that the kings brother earle John
+exhibited a sore complaint against the Romane legat and other bishops,
+for that the archbishop of Canturburie, after the appeale made vnto the
+apostolike sea, had put his lands vnder interdiction for his mariage
+made with the earle of Glocesters daughter: which when the legat heard,
+he foorthwith confirmed the appeale, and released the earles lands of
+the aforesaid interdiction. The same time also, the tenth part of all
+the mooueable goods thorough the realme of England was leuied to the aid
+of the warres in the holie land. And this collection passing vnder the
+name of an almes, was extended vpon the goods as well of the spirituall
+men as temporall.</p>
+
+<p>After all this, K. Richard desirous to set order in the gouernment of
+<span class="rightnote">Hugh bishop of Durham gouerneth the north parts.
+<i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+his realme, appointed Hugh bishop of Durham to haue the rule of the
+north parts as cheefe iustice from Humber northwards toward Scotland,
+deliuering vnto him also the keeping of Winchester castell: the residue
+of the kingdome (with the custodie of the towre) he assigned to the
+<span class="rightnote">William L&#333;gchampe bishop of Elie.</span>
+gouernance of William Longchampe bishop of Elie, whome he had made
+cheefe iustice of that part, and chancellour of the realme, a man of
+great diligence and knowledge in the administration of things, but verie
+factious and desirous of rule, honour and riches farre aboue all
+measure. And with these two he ioined in commission Hugh Bardulfe,
+William Marshall earle of Chepstow, or rather Penbrooke, Geffrey
+Fitz-Peter, &amp; William Brewer, men of great honour, wisedome, and
+discretion.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i> King Richard passeth ouer in to Normandie.</span>
+On the fift day of December, he departed from Canturburie, and went to
+Douer, there to take water, and so on the eleuenth day of December he
+passed ouer vnto Calice, where he found Philip earle of Flanders readie
+to receiue him, who attended vpon him till he came into Normandie, where
+<span class="yearnote">1190.</span>
+the king held his Christmas at Burun, and immediatlie came to an
+enteruiew with the French king at Gue S. Remige, where they concluded
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Vadum sancti Remigij.</i> A league betwixt y<sup>e</sup> kings of England
+and France.</span>
+peace togither, to be kept betwixt them &amp; their countries on ech part;
+the which was put in writing, and confirmed with their oths and seales
+in the feast of saint Hilarie.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+Furthermore, about the purification of our ladie, Elianor the qu&eacute;ene
+mother, and the ladie Alice sister to the French king, Baldwine
+archbishop of Canturburie, John bishop of Norwhich, Hugh bishop of
+Durham, Geffrey bishop of Winchester, Reignold bishop of Bath, William
+Bishop of Elie, Hubert bishop of Salisburie, and Hugh bishop of Chester,
+with Geffrey the elect of Yorke and John earle of Mortaigne the kings
+two brethren, by commandement of the king passed ouer into Normandie, to
+commen with him before his setting forward.</p>
+
+<p>&para; Some write, that now at this present, the king should ordeine or
+rather confirme the bishop of Elie his chancellour to be lord ch&eacute;efe
+iustice ouer all England, and the bishop of Durham to be lord iustice
+<span class="rightnote">Contention betwixt two ambitious bishops.</span>
+from Trent northwards. But whensoeuer they were thus aduanced to such
+dignities, howsoeuer they came by them, directlie or indirectlie, true
+it is, that immediatlie therevpon, strife and discord did arise betwixt
+them: for waxing proud and insolent, they disdained ech other,
+contending which of them should bare most rule and authoritie, insomuch
+that whatsoeuer s&eacute;emed good to the one, the other misliked, as in cases
+where<a name="FNanchor_6_3" id="FNanchor_6_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> parteners in authoritie are equall, it often happeneth. The like
+hereof is noted before betw&eacute;ene the archbishops of Canturburie and Yorke
+in diuerse kings reignes. For the nature of ambition is to delight in
+singularitie, to admit no peere, to giue place to no superior, to
+acknowledge no equall. Hereto alludeth the poet verie neatlie, and
+exemplifieth it in the old Romans, the order of whose actions is
+<a name="Page_210" id="Page_210" ></a><span class="pagenum">[210]</span>
+continued at this day, as by the words insuing may be gathered, and
+ordinarilie obserued booth here and elsewhere;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="rightnote"><i>M. Pal. in sua virg.</i></span>
+<span class="i10">&mdash;&mdash; olim<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Romulid&aelig; orabant, iacto post terga pudore<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Plebeios, quoties suffragia venabantur,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Cerdon&uacute;mq; animos precibus seruilibus atq;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Turpibus obsequijs captabant, munerib&uacute;sq;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Vt proprijs rebus curarent publica omissis;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">P&eacute;rq; forum medium multis comitantibus irent,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Inflati vt vento folles, ac fronte superba, &amp;c.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Moreouer, at the same time he caused his two brethren, earle John, and
+Geffrey the elect archbishop of Yorke to take an oth not to returne into
+England during the terme of thr&eacute;e yeares next insuing, without his
+consent and licence first had. This he did, fores&eacute;eing what might
+happen, prouiding as it were against such practises as his brethren
+might happilie attempt against him. But yet his mother qu&eacute;ene Elianor
+procured him to reuoke that decree immediatlie, least it might seeme to
+the world, that hir sonnes should stand in feare one of another. And so
+<span class="rightnote">Erle John licenced to returne into England.</span>
+the earle of Mortaigne was licenced to returne into England at his
+pleasure, swearing an oth at his departure to obeie the kings beheast,
+and truelie to serue him, according to the dutie of a good and loiall
+subiect. The bishop of Elie lord chancellour and cheefe iustice of
+England was also sent backe hither into this realme, to set forward
+things behoouefull for the kings iournie.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Elie returneth.</span>
+In like maner the king sent to Rome to obteine that the said bishop of
+Elie might be constituted the popes legat through both the prouinces of
+Canturburie and Yorke, and likewise through Wales and Ireland. Which was
+soone granted by the bulles of pope Clement the third, bearing date the
+5. of June. For the which office the bishops gaue him 1500. marks, to
+the great offense of the king, as he shewed afterward to cardinall
+Octauian that came to visit him when he arriued in the riuer of Tiber,
+being vpon his iourneie towards Messina, as after may appeare. But in
+the meanetime, calling togither the lords, and peeres of those his
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span>
+dominions on that side the sea, to wit, Normandie, Britaine, Aniou,
+Poitou, and Guien, he consulted with them what number of soldiors and
+how many ships it should be conuenient for him to take with him and
+furnish into Asia: and herewith he did command them also to obeie Robert
+earle of Leicester, whome he appointed to remaine amongst them as his
+lieutenant or vicegerent of those parts during his absence.</p>
+
+<p>&para; But here to leaue king Richard in consultation for matters
+appertaining to his iournie, and shew brieflie what happened (by the
+<span class="rightnote"><i>W.&nbsp;Paruus.</i></span>
+waie) to the Jewes, which as then dwelt heere in England, after that
+king Richard was passed ouer into Normandie: ye haue heard how after the
+riot against them at London, when the king was crowned, he tooke order
+that they should remaine in peace vnder his protection, and commanded
+that no person should in anie wise molest them. But now after that he
+was gone ouer, and that the souldiers (which prepared themselues to
+follow him) began to assemble in routs, the heads of the common people
+began to wax wild and faine would they haue had some occasion of raising
+<span class="rightnote">The hatred borne to the Jewes.</span>
+a new tumult against the Jewes, whome (for their vnmercifull vsurie
+practised to the vndooing of manie an honest man) they most deadlie
+hated, wishing most earnestlie their expulsion out of England. Hervpon
+by reason of a riot committed latelie against them, at the towne of Lin
+in Norfolke, where manie of them were slaine, other people in other
+parts of the realme, taking occasion hereat, as if they had b&eacute;ene called
+vp by the sound of a bell or trumpet, arose against them in those townes
+where they had any habitations, and robbed and bet them after a
+disordered and most riotous maner.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Iohn&nbsp;Textor.</i></span>
+As at Stamford (on the faire day in Lent); at Lincolne and at Yorke, in
+which citie
+<a name="Page_211" id="Page_211" ></a><span class="pagenum">[211]</span>
+after a number of them had b&eacute;ene besieged certeine daies
+within a towre of the kings (whither they fled for succour) one of their
+<span class="rightnote">Fiue hundred saith <i>Houeden</i> and <i>Textor</i></span>
+learned gouernours caused foure hundred of their companie to consent to
+haue their throts cut one at an others hands, he himselfe cutting his
+wiues throt first, whose name was Anna, then his childrens, one after
+another, and last of all slue himselfe onelie rather than he would fall
+into the hands of the christians, that had thus long besieged them. The
+rest perceiuing what their great Rabbi had doone, set fire vpon all
+their goods and substance, which they had gotten into the tower with
+them, and so consuming the same, would haue burnt also the residue of
+their fellowes which would not agr&eacute;e to the Rabbies counsell, in the
+cruell murthering of themselues, if they had not taken a strong turret
+hard by within that tower, and defended themselues both from the fire
+and crueltie of their brethren, who had made awaie themselues in such
+manner as I haue said: and that to the number of foure hundred, or (as
+some write) fiue hundred at the least.</p>
+
+<p>On the morow, those that were saued, called out to the people, and not
+onelie shewed how and after what sort their fellowes were dispatched,
+but also offered to be baptised, and forsake their Judaisme, if they
+might haue their liues saued from the imminent &amp; present danger wherein
+they saw themselues to be wrapped, through the furie of the people. To
+be short, this thing was granted, and they came foorth, howbeit they
+were no sooner entred into the prease, but they were all slaine, and not
+one man of them preserued.</p>
+
+<p>After this also, the people ran to the cathedrall church, and broke into
+those places where their bonds and obligations laie, by the which they
+had diuerse of the kings subiects bound vnto them in most vnconscionable
+sort, and for such detestable vsurie as (if the authors that write
+thereof were not of credit) would hardlie be beleeued. All which
+euidences or bonds they solemnelie burned in the middest of the church.
+After which, ech went his waie, the souldiers to the king, and the
+commons to their houses, and so was the citie quieted. This happened at
+Yorke on Palmesundaie eeue, being the 17. of March: and vpon the 15. of
+that moneth, those that inhabited in the towne of S. Edmundsburie in
+Suffolke, were set vpon, and manie of them slaine. The residue that
+escaped, through the procurement of the abbat then named Samson, were
+expelled, so that they neuer had anie dwellings there since that time.</p>
+
+<p>Thus were the Jewes vnmercifullie dealt with in all places in maner
+through this realme, the first beginning whereof chanced at London (as
+before ye haue heard) and the next at Lin, of which I thinke it good to
+note some part of the maner therof, although breeflie, and so to returne
+to my purpose. The occasion therefore of the tumult at Lin chanced by
+this meanes: it fortuned that one of the Jewes there was become a
+christian, wherewith those of his nation were so mooued, that they
+determined to kill him where soeuer they might find him. And herevpon
+they set vpon him one daie as he came by, through the streets: he to
+escape their hands fled to the next church; but his countriemen were so
+desirous to execute their malicious purpose, that they followed him
+still, and inforced themselues to breake into the church vpon him.
+Herewith the noise being raised by the christians that sought to saue
+the conuerted Jew, a number of mariners being forreners, that were
+arriued there with their vessells out of sundrie parts, and diuerse also
+of the townesmen came to the rescue, and setting vpon the Jewes, caused
+them to flee into their houses.</p>
+
+<p>The townesmen were not verie earnest in pursuing of them, bicause of the
+kings proclamation and ordinance before time made in fauour of the
+<span class="rightnote">The slaughter made of the Jews at Lin.</span>
+Jewes: but the mariners followed them to their houses, slue diuerse of
+them, robbed and sacked their goods, and finallie set their dwellings on
+fire, and so burnt them vp altogither. These mariners being inriched
+with the spoile of the Jewes goods, and fearing to be called to accompt
+for their vnlawfull act by the kings officers, got them foorthwith to
+shipboord, and hoising vp sailes, departed with their ships to the sea,
+and so escaped the danger of that
+<a name="Page_212" id="Page_212" ></a><span class="pagenum">[212]</span>
+which might haue b&eacute;ene otherwise laid
+to their charge. The townesmen being called to an accompt excused
+themselues by the mariners, burdening them with all the fault. But
+although they of Lin were thus excused, yet they of Yorke escaped not so
+easilie. For the king being aduertised of such outrage, doone contrarie
+to the order of his lawes and expresse commandement, wrote ouer to the
+bishop of Elie his chancellour, charging him to take cruell punishment
+of the offenders.</p>
+
+<p>The bishop with an armie went to Yorke, but the cheefe authors of the
+riot hearing of his comming, fled into Scotland: yet the bishop at his
+comming to the citie, caused earnest inquirie to be made of the whole
+matter. The citizens excused themselues, &amp; offered to proue that they
+were not of counsel with them that had committed the riot, neither had
+they aided nor comforted them therein an anie maner of wise. And in d&eacute;ed
+the most part of them that were the offenders, were of the countries and
+townes n&eacute;ere to the citie, with such as were crossed into the holie
+land, and now gone ouer to the king, so that verie few or none of the
+substantiall men of the citie were found to haue ioined with them.
+<span class="rightnote">The citizens of Yorke put to their fine for slaughter of the
+Jewes.</span>
+Howbeit this would not excuse the citizens, but that they were put to
+their fine by the stout Bishop, euerie of them paieng his portion
+according to his power and abilitie in substance, the common sort of the
+poore people being pardoned, and not called into iudgement, sith the
+ringleaders were fled and gone out of the waie: and thus much by waie of
+digression touching the Jews.</p>
+
+<p>Now to returne vnto the king, who in this meane time was verie busie to
+prouide all things necessarie to set forward on his iournie; his ships
+which laie in the mouth of the riuer of Saine, being readie to put off,
+he tooke order in manie points concerning the state of the common-wealth
+on that side, and ch&eacute;efelie he called to mind, that it should be a thing
+necessarie for him, to name who should succeed him in the kingdome of
+England, if his chance should not be to returne againe from so long and
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matt.&nbsp;West.</i></span>
+dangerous a iournie. He therefore named (as some suppose) his nephue
+Arthur, the sonne of his brother Geffrey duke of Britaine, to be his
+successour in the kingdome, a yoong man of a likelie proofe and
+princelie towardnesse, but not ordeined by God to succ&eacute;ed ouer this
+kingdome.</p>
+
+<p>About the same time the bishop of Elie, lord chancellour and cheefe
+iustice of England, tooke vp to the kings vse, of euerie citie in
+England two palfries and two sumpter horsses, &amp; of euerie abbeie one
+palfrie and one sumpter horsse, &amp; euerie manour within the realme found
+also one palfrie and one sumpter horsse. Moreouer, the said bishop of
+Elie, deliuered the gouernement of Yorkeshire to his brother Osbert de
+Longchampe: and all those knights of the said shire, the which would not
+come to make answer to the law vpon summons giuen them, he commanded to
+be apprehended and by and by cast in prison. Also when the bishop of
+Durham was returned from the king and come ouer into England to go vnto
+his charge, at his meeting with the lord chancellour at Elie
+(notwithstanding that he shewed him his letters patents of the grant
+made to him to be iustice from Trent northward) the said lord
+<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Durham restreined of libertie.</span>
+chancellour taking his iournie to Southwell with him, there deteined him
+as prisoner, till he had made surrender to him of the castell of
+Windsor, &amp; further had deliuered to him his sonnes, Henrie de Putsey,
+and Gilbert de la Ley, as pledges that he should keepe the peace against
+the king and all his subiects, vntill the said prince should returne
+from the holie land. And so he was deliuered for that time, though
+shortlie after, and whilest he remained at Houeden, there came to him
+Osbert de Longchampe the lord chancellours brother, and William de
+Stuteuille, the which caused the said bishop to find sufficient suretie
+that he should not thence depart without the kings licence, or the lord
+chancellors, so long as the king should be absent. Herevpon the bishop
+of Durham sent knowledge to the king how and in what sort he had b&eacute;ene
+handled by the chancellor.</p>
+
+<p>In the meane time the king was gone into Gascoigne, where he besieged a
+<span class="rightnote">William de Chisi.</span>
+castell that belonged to one William de Chisi, and tooke both the
+castell and the owner, whome he
+<a name="Page_213" id="Page_213" ></a><span class="pagenum">[213]</span>
+caused to be hanged for the spoiles and
+robberies which he had committed vpon pilgrims that passed by those
+parts toward Compostella, to visit the bodie of saint James. After this,
+the king came backe vnto Chinon in Aniou, and there tooke order for the
+<span class="rightnote">The kings nauie is set foorth.<br />
+Baion.<br />
+Sablius, or Sabuille.</span>
+setting foorth of his nauie by sea, ouer which he appointed ch&eacute;efe
+gouernours Gerard archbishop of Aux, Bernard bishop of Baieux, Robert de
+Sablius, Richard de Camuille<a name="FNanchor_6_4" id="FNanchor_6_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a>, and William de Fortz de Vlerun, commanding
+all those that should passe foorth with his said nauie, to be obedient
+vnto these persons as his deputies and lieutenants. Herewith they were
+appointed to prouide victuals to serue all those that should go by sea
+for the space of 60 daies.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span>
+The king also made the same time certeine ordinances to be obserued
+among the seafaring men which tended to this effect:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Slaiers of men.</span>
+1 First, that if any man chanced to slea an other on the shipboord, he
+should be bound to the dead bodie and so throwne into the sea.</p>
+
+<p>2 Secondlie, if he killed him on land, he should yet be bound to him as
+before, and so buried quicke togither.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Brallers. Punishment for blouddrawers.</span>
+3 Thirdlie, if any man should be conuicted by lawfull witnesse, that he
+drew any weapon to strike any other, or chanced by striking at any man
+to draw bloud of him that was smitten, he should lose his hand.</p>
+
+<p>4 Fourthlie, if he gaue but a blowe with his fist without bloudshedding,
+he should be plunged three seuerall times ouer head and eares in the
+water.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Reuilers.</span>
+5 Fifthlie, if any man reuiled another, he should for euerie time so
+misusing himselfe, forfeit an ounce of siluer.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Theft and pickeries.</span>
+6 Sixtlie, that if anie man were taken with theft or pickerie, and
+thereof conuicted, he should haue his head polled, and hot pitch powred
+vpon his pate, and vpon that, the feathers of some pillow or cushion
+shaken aloft, that he might thereby be knowne for a theefe, and at the
+next arriuall of the ships to any land, be put foorth of the companie to
+seeke his aduenture, without all hope of returne vnto his fellowes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>These were the statutes which this famous prince did enact at the first
+for his nauie, which sithens that time haue been verie much inlarged.
+About the same time John Bishop of Whiterne in Scotland, suffragane to
+the church of Yorke, ordeined Geffrey archbishop of Yorke, pr&eacute;est. At
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i></span>
+the same season also the election of the same Geffrey was confirmed by
+pope Clement, who among other things that he wrote to the chapiter of
+Yorke on his behalfe, in the end he addeth these words: "We do therefore
+admonish you all, and by the apostolicall bulles command you, that you
+exhibit both reuerence and honour vnto him as vnto your prelat, that
+thereby you may appeare commendable both before God and man. Giuen at
+Lateran in the nones of March and third yeare of our gouernment."</p>
+
+<p>Whilest these things were in dooing, there came into France legats from
+the said Clement, to mooue the two kings to make all the sp&eacute;ed possible
+towards their iourneie, bicause of the great danger wherein things stood
+in Palestine, requiring present helpe. Herevpon king Richard (his men
+and prouision being readie) commanded that his ships should set forward,
+&amp; to coast about by the streicts of Giberalterre to come vnto
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> King Richard set forward on his iournie.
+<i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+Marseilles, where he appointed to m&eacute;et them, and so with a chosen
+companie of men he also set foorth thitherwards by land, and comming to
+Tours, receiued the scrip and staffe as a pilgrime should, at the hands
+of the archbishop there.</p>
+
+<p>After this, both the kings of England and France met at Vizeley in the
+octaues of the natiuitie of S. John Baptist, and when they had remained
+there two daies they passed foorth to the citie of Lion; where the two
+kings departed in sunder, and each one kept his iournie, the one toward
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;2.</span>
+Guenes, where his nauie was appointed to come to him, and the other to
+Marseilles, there to m&eacute;et with his fl&eacute;et, according to his appointment.
+<span class="rightnote">The English fl&eacute;et staied by contrarie winds.</span>
+But the English ships being let and staied by the way by contrarie winds
+and rigorous tempests, which tossed them<a name="FNanchor_6_5" id="FNanchor_6_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> to and fro vpon the coasts of
+Spaine, could not come in
+<a name="Page_214" id="Page_214" ></a><span class="pagenum">[214]</span>
+any conuenient time vnto Marseilles, so that
+king Richard thinking long to tarrie for them, &amp; perceiuing they could
+<span class="rightnote">Twentie gallies &amp; twelue other vessels saith <i>Houed.</i>
+Vpon the seauenth day of August saith <i>Houeden</i>.</span>
+not k&eacute;epe their appointed time, he hired ships from all places
+thereabouts, and embarking himselfe and his men in the same, vpon saint
+Laurence
+euen, sailed foorth towards Sicile, where he was appointed to
+m&eacute;et with king Philip.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+Here is to be noted, that king Richard made not all that iourneie from
+Marseilles to Messina by sea, but sundrie times comming on land, hired
+horsses, and rode foorth alongst the coast, appointing with his ships
+and gallies where to meet him, and sometimes he rested certeine daies
+togither in one place or other as at Portdelphin, at Naples, and at
+Salerne, from whence there departed from him Baldwine archbishop of
+Canturburie, Hubert bishop of Salisburie, and the lord Ranulfe de
+Glanuille, the which taking vpon them to go before, with prosperous wind
+and weather in short space landed at Acon, which was then besieged, as
+you shall heare hereafter.</p>
+
+<p>At Rome the king came not, but being within the streame of the riuer of
+Tiber, there came to him a cardinall named Octauianus, bishop of Hostia,
+<span class="rightnote">King Richard blameth the court of Rome for couetousnesse.</span>
+to whome be spake manie reprochfull words of the couetousnesse vsed in
+the court of Rome (a vice reputed the common nursse of all misch&eacute;efes,
+as one verie well noteth,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Vbi auaritia est, habitant ferm&egrave; omnia ibidem<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Flagitia, impietas, periuria, furta, rapin&aelig;,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fraudes atq; doli, insidi&aelig;q; &amp; proditiones,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Iurgia &amp; infand&aelig; c&aelig;des, &amp;c.)<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="nogap">Bicause they had receiued seauen hundred marks for the consecration of
+the bishop of Mauns, and 1500. marks for the confirming of the bishop of
+Elie the popes legat. And againe no small summe of monie they had
+receiued of the archbishop of Burdeaux, when vpon an accusation brought
+against him by the cleargie of his prouince he should haue b&eacute;ene
+deposed. In the meane time whiles king Richard thus passed forward
+towards Messina, the nauie that was appointed to coast about Spaine and
+to m&eacute;et him at Marseilles, was tossed (as before is said) with wind and
+tempests, and a part thereof, that is, to wit, ten ships driuen here and
+there on the coasts of Spaine, of which number nine arriued at Lisbone
+and the tenth being a ship of London arriued at the citie of Sylua,
+which was then the vttermost citie of Spaine, that was inhabited with
+christians.</p>
+
+<p>The Saracens at that time made warres against the king of Portingale, so
+that the Portingales stood in n&eacute;ed of aid, in so much that they of Sylua
+did not onelie intreat the Englishmen to staie with them for a time, but
+also got grant of them to breake their ship, with the timber whereof
+they might the better fortifie their towne, promising that their king
+should recompense them with an other as good as theirs, and also further
+satisfie them for their seruice, during the time of their abode therein
+defense of that citie. Likewise of those that arriued at Lisbone there
+went to the number of fiue hundred vnto saint Iranes, where the king of
+<span class="rightnote">The king of Portingale.</span>
+Portingale then was, looking to be assaulted by his enimies: but by the
+counterfet<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> death of the great K. of the Saracens named Boiac
+<span class="rightnote">Almiramumoli king of the Saracens.</span>
+Almiramumoli (who feared these new succours, and doubted the sequele of
+his dooings, to the end he might depart with honour, he fained himselfe
+dead) the king of Portingale was for that time presentlie deliuered out
+of danger.</p>
+
+<p>Herevpon he returned to Lisbone, where he found three score and thr&eacute;e
+other ships of king Richards nauie there newlie arriued, ouer the which
+<span class="rightnote">Robert de Sabuuille. Richard de Camuille.</span>
+were ch&eacute;efe capteins Robert de Sabuuille, and Richard de Camuille: which
+at their comming to land could not so gouerne their people, but that
+some naughtie fellowes amongst them fell to breaking and robbing of
+orchards: some also entring into the citie, behaued themselues verie
+disorderlie. But yet by the comming of the king, their lewdnesse was
+staied; so that he seemed not to s&eacute;eke reuenge of the pilgrims, but
+rather with courteous meanes to bridle their vnlawfull attempts:
+wherevnto the diligence of the English capteines not a little preuailed
+<a name="Page_215" id="Page_215" ></a><span class="pagenum">[215]</span>
+for a while, but yet for all that could be done on both sides, within
+three daies after, a new tumult was raised betwixt the English pilgrims
+and the townesmen, and diuerse hurt and killed on either part.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">A mutinie betwixt the Englishmen and the townsmen of
+Lisbone.<br />
+Englishmen committed to prison.</span>
+Wherevpon the king caused the gates of the citie to be shut, and all
+those that were come from the ships into the citie to eat and drinke
+(being in number about seauen hundred) were apprehended and committed to
+ward: and before they could be released, sir Robert Sabuuille and sir
+Richard Camuille were glad to agree with the king, so as all former
+offenses being remitted, and things taken by either part restored, the
+Englishmen promised to obserue the peace against the king of Portingale
+and his people; and he likewise couenanted for him and his subiects,
+that they should k&eacute;epe the peace against all pilgrims that went foorth
+in this voiage, and vse them like his fr&eacute;ends, and thus the quarell
+ceased.</p>
+
+<p>Soone after, the English nauie departed from Lisbone, and came into the
+mouth of the riuer of Taie, betw&eacute;ene Caperico and Belem, where the same
+daie on saint James &eacute;eue the lord William de Forzdulerun arriued also
+with thr&eacute;e and thirtie other ships, and so then they were in all about
+<span class="rightnote">The English ships m&eacute;et togither.</span>
+an hundred and six sailes verie well furnished and manned, and so from
+thence taking their course towards Marseilles, finallie they arriued
+there in the octaues of the assumption of our ladie; and staieng there
+an eight daies (till they had repaired such things about their ships as
+were n&eacute;edfull) they set forward againe, and came to Messina in Sicile in
+the feast of the exaltation of the crosse. On the sunday following also
+came the French king thither, hauing lost no small part of his nauie by
+tempests of weather.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">They arriue at Messina.</span>
+King Richard as then remained at Salern, and hearing that his nauie was
+gone towards Messina, he departed thence on the thirteenth day of
+September, and hasted forth towards Messina, passing by Melphi and
+Cocenza, and so at length comming to Faro de Messina, he passed the
+<span class="rightnote">K. Richard arriueth at Messina.</span>
+same, and on the 23. day of September arriued at Messina with great
+noise of trumpets and other instruments, to the woonder of the French
+king and others that beheld his great puissance and roiall behauiour now
+at this comming. The same time he went vnto the French kings lodging, to
+commen with him of their businesse: and immediatlie the French king
+tooke the sea, in purpose to haue passed forward on his iournie but by
+contrarie wind he was staied and kept backe within the hauen, wherevpon
+both the kings determined to winter there, and in the meane time to
+prouide themselues of alle things necessarie for their iournie, against
+the beginning of the next spring. On the 30. of September he receiued
+his sister the qu&eacute;ene of Sicile, the widow of William the late king of
+that Ile, whom he placed in a strong fortresse, which he tooke the same
+day and left therein a conuenient garison of men of armes and demilances
+for the safegard of the place and of his said sister.</p>
+
+<p>&para; But now for the better vnderstanding of the cause of such quarelling
+as fell out betwixt the Englishmen and the Sicilians, y&eacute;e shall
+vnderstand that a little before the arriuall of the kings of England and
+France in those parts, king William of Sicile was departed this life,
+leauing no issue behind him. Wherevpon the lords of the Ile elected one
+Tancred to their king, a bastard sonne of Roger sometime king of that
+land, and grandfather to this last decessed king William. This Tancred
+though he receiued king Richard verie courteouslie; yet he greatlie
+trusted him not, bicause he demanded the dowrie of his sister qu&eacute;ene
+Joane, wife to the late king William to be restored, whereas he had not
+readie monie to discharge it.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">A chaire of gold.</span>
+Furthermore to depart with the citie of Mount saint Angelo; with all the
+countrie therevnto belonging; which was ind&eacute;ed assigned to hir for hir
+dowrie, he thought in no wise profitable: but king Richard did not
+<span class="rightnote">K. Richards demands for the dowrie of his sister wife to K.
+William.</span>
+onelie require that citie and countie with a chaire of gold, according
+to the custome of that kingdome in right of his sister, as due to hir by
+way of hir dowrie, but also he required to his owne vse a table of gold
+conteining twelue foot in length, and one foot and a halfe in breadth, &amp;
+two tressels of gold to
+<a name="Page_216" id="Page_216" ></a><span class="pagenum">[216]</span>
+beare vp the same table, with 24. siluer cups,
+and as manie dishes of siluer, with a tent of silke of such largenesse
+that two hundred knights might sit at meat within it: also fortie
+thousand measures of wheat, with as manie of barlie, and as manie of
+wine, beside one hundred armed gallies, with all furniture and vittels
+sufficient to serue the gallie-men in the same for the terme of two
+yeares. These things he demanded as due to him being heire to his father
+king Henrie, accordinglie as was deuised by king William in his last
+will and testament, which demands seemed intollerable to the said
+Tancred: so that if he could haue shifted the matter, he was loth to
+haue heard thereof.</p>
+
+<p>Moreouer, bicause pope Clement in right of the church pretended a title
+to the realme of Sicile, now that king William was dead without heires,
+he doubted of some practise that might be made against him betwixt king
+Richard and the pope. Wherevpon he thought to prouide against all
+attempts that might be made, fortifieng his townes &amp; castels with strong
+garisons, and tooke counsell with the citizens of Messina, by what
+meanes he might soonest dispatch his countrie of that present danger,
+and procure K. Richard to get him forward on his iournie.</p>
+
+<p>Whilest these things were in hand, there was ministred to the English
+men occasion of displeasure: for as it oftentimes chanceth (where an
+armie is) certeine of the vnrulie souldiers within Messina vsed
+themselues somewhat riotouslie, wherevpon the citizens offended
+therewith, got them to armour, and chased all the souldiers out of the
+citie. King Richard who laie in campe without the walles n&eacute;ere to the
+citie, was so highlie displeased herewith, that he caused his men to
+arme themselues, and to prepare ladders and other necessarie things to
+assault the citie: but by the mediation of the French king &amp; curteous
+excuse of king Tancred (alledging the fault to rest onelie in a sort of
+rude citizens, whome he promised to punish) the matter was taken vp, and
+staied for a time, till at length it was perceiued, that the Sicilians
+subtilie went about to feed king Richard with faire words, till he
+should be readie to set forwards on his iournie, and so should the
+matter passe without further punishment.</p>
+
+<p>Herevpon king Richard, not minding to be so mocked at their hands,
+approched one daie to the wals and gates with his armie in good araie of
+<span class="rightnote">K. Richard assalteth and entreth the citie by force.</span>
+battell to giue the assault, which was doone so earnestlie, and so well
+mainteined, that finallie the citie was entred by force, and manie of
+the citizens slaine, but the slaughter had b&eacute;ene much greater, if king
+Richard had not commanded his men to spare the sword, mooued with the
+lamentable noise of poore people crieng to him for mercie and grace. The
+Englishmen hauing got possession of the citie pight vp the banners with
+the armes of the king of England round about the wals, wherewith the
+French king was sore displeased, and required that the same might be
+taken downe, and his set vp: but the king of England would not so agr&eacute;e.
+Neuerthelesse to pacifie the French kings mood, he deliuered the citie
+of Messina into the custodie of the knights Templers and Hospitalers,
+till he might be satisfied of such things as he demanded of king
+Tancred.</p>
+
+<p>After this on the 8. daie of October, the two kings of England and
+France, before a great number of earles, barons, and others, both of the
+<span class="rightnote">The two kings of England and France receiue a solemne oth.</span>
+cleargie and temporaltie, tooke their solemne othes, that the one should
+defend the other, and also either others armie in this iournie, both
+comming and going, without fraud or deceipt: and the like oth was
+receiued by the earles and barons on both parties. Then the two kings by
+aduise and consent of both their armies deuised these ordinances.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Ordinances deuised.</span>
+1 That all pilgrims which chanced to die in this iournie might dispose
+at their pleasure all their armour, horsses, and apparell, and halfe of
+those things which they had with them, so that they sent nothing home
+into their countries, and the other halfe should be at the discretion of
+Walter archbishop of Rouen, Manser bishop of Langres, of the maister of
+the temple, and of the maister of the Hospitall, of Hugh duke of
+Burgoigne, of Rafe de Coucie, of Drogo de Marlow, of Robert Sabuill,
+Andrew de Chauennie, and
+<a name="Page_217" id="Page_217" ></a><span class="pagenum">[217]</span>
+of Gilbert Wascoile, which should imploie the
+same towards the support of the wars in the holie land against the
+infidels as they thought most expedient.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Plaie forbidden.</span>
+2 That no man should plaie at anie game within the armie for monie,
+except knights and chapleins, the which should not loose in one daie and
+night aboue 20 shillings, they to forfeit an 100 shillings so oft as
+they lost aboue that summe: the persons aforenamed to haue the same to
+be distributed as afore is said. The two kings might plaie, and command
+their seruants in their presence likewise to plaie, so that they
+exc&eacute;eded not the summe of 20 shillings. And also the seruants of
+archbishops, bishops, earles and barons, by their maisters commandement
+might play, not exc&eacute;eding that summe: but if anie seruants or mariners,
+or other of like degr&eacute;e, were found to play without licence, the
+seruants should be whipped naked three daies round about the campe,
+except they ransomed foorth themselues, at the pleasure of the persons
+aboue named: and the mariners should be plunged ouer head and eares in
+the sea three mornings togither, after the vse of seamen, except they
+redeem that punishment, at the discretion likewise of the said persons:
+and those of other like meane degr&eacute;es being neither knights nor
+chapleins should be punished as seruants.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Borrowing.</span>
+3 That if anie pilgrime borrowed anie thing of an other whilest he was
+on his iournie, he should be bound to paie it: but if he borrowed it
+before his setting foorth, he was not bound to answer it till his
+returne home.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Souldiers or mariners departing from their masters.</span>
+4 That if anie mariner or seruant, reteined in wages with anie man in
+this iournie, departed from his master without licence, no other person
+might receiue him, and if he did, he should be punished at the
+discretion of the forenamed persons.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Vittelers.</span>
+5 That no vitteler or other should buy any bread to sell againe, nor any
+meale within the compasse of the campe, except the same were brought by
+a stranger, neither might they buy any paast or other thing to sell
+againe in the campe, or within a league of it.</p>
+
+<p>6 That if anie man bought corne wherof to make bread, it was appointed
+how much he should gaine in one measure beside the bran.</p>
+
+<p>7 That other occupiers, which vsed buieng and selling of wares, should
+gaine one penie in 10 pence, neither should anie man refuse anie of the
+kings coine, except it were broken within the circle.</p>
+
+<p>8 That no man should buy anie flesh to sell it againe, except a liuing
+beast, which he should kill within the campe.</p>
+
+<p>9 That no man should make bread to sell, but after the rate of penie
+loaues. Wherin the penie English was appointed to go for foure pence
+Aniouine. All these ordinances with other were decreed and ordeined to
+be obserued and kept by the counsell, consent, and agreement of the
+kings of England, France, and Sicile.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span>
+But to returne now to the dissention betwixt the Englishmen
+and them of Messina: ye shall vnderstand that the tumult being once
+ceassed, and diuerse of the ch&eacute;efe offenders in the late commotion put
+to death, king Tancred shortlie after came thither, and sought to auoid
+all suspicion out of king Richards head, that he might conceiue of him
+for b&eacute;eing in anie wise culpable in that which his subiects of Messina
+had attempted against him, and therefore hauing recouered monie of his
+freends, he restored vnto king Richard the dowrie of his sister qu&eacute;ene
+Joane, and further offered vnto him to ioine in new alliance with him,
+offering his daughter in mariage vnto Arthur duke of Britaine, the kings
+nephue, with a great summe of monie for hir dowrie, if it so should
+please him.</p>
+
+<p>King Richard accepted the offer, and so ioined in peace and affinitie
+with the king of Sicile, receiuing of him twentie thousand ounces of
+gold for the same mariage to be had, and an honorable dowrie assigned
+foorth of the lands that belonged to the said Arthur for the said ladie
+to inioy during hir life, in case she suruiued hir husband. And if it so
+chanced, that by the death of either of them the mariage could not take
+place, then
+<a name="Page_218" id="Page_218" ></a><span class="pagenum">[218]</span>
+should king Richard restore the same twentie thousand
+ounces of gold againe. But beside these twentie thousand ounces of gold
+thus giuen by king Tancred for the mariage of his daughter, he gaue
+other twentie thousand ounces to king Richard for an acquitance and
+quite claime of all manner of duties, rights, and demands, which either
+he or his sister might pretend, either by reason of anie bequest,
+dowrie, or anie other manner of waie.</p>
+
+<p>Here is to be noted, that before this conclusion of peace was had, king
+Richard prouided for his owne defense, in case that king Tancred and his
+people would haue attempted force against him, in so much that he
+fortified certeine places, and built a strong castell aloft vpon the top
+of an hill fast by Messina, which castell he called Mategriffon. Also
+whereas the admirall of Sicile called Margaret, and one Jordane del
+Poine, men of great authoritie vnder king Tancred, fled out of Messina
+with all their families and riches, which they had either in gold or
+siluer, king Richard seized vpon their houses, their gallies, and
+possessions, so that he made himselfe as strong as he could, to resist
+all attempts that might be made against him by his enimies. But now to
+proc&eacute;ed.</p>
+
+<p>The variance being thus appeased betwixt them, great discord chanced to
+arise betwixt king Richard and king Philip, who was much offended with
+king Richard, for that he had thus vsed violence against them of
+Messina, and compelled king Tancred to agr&eacute;e with him for monie, to the
+<span class="rightnote">The lawes of Herberrough.</span>
+great offense and breach of the lawes of Herberrough, sith the Sicilians
+verie liberallie aided and furnished the christians armie with vittels
+and necessarie prouisions. The Frenchmen also had much enuie thereat,
+<span class="rightnote">Englishmen and Frenchmen fought.</span>
+that shortlie after vpon a small occasion they picked a quarell against
+the Englishmen, and from words fell to strokes on both sides, so that
+there had beene much hurt &amp; slaughter committed, if the two kings had
+<span class="rightnote">Discord in an armie the hinderer of all profitable enterprises.</span>
+not doone their best to appease the fraie begun.</p>
+
+<p>But this businesse though it was quietlie as then taken vp and staied,
+yet bred it such displeasure betwixt the princes and their people, that
+it turned to the great hurt and hinderance of their good proceedings in
+their whole enterprise, so that the occasion of a full and perfect
+victorie easilie slipped out of their hands, as you shall heare
+hereafter.</p>
+
+<p>An other also of the ch&eacute;efest causes of grudge betwixt the two kings
+was, for that king Richard in familiar talke confessed vnto king Philip,
+that he would marie the king of Nauarres daughter, and cl&eacute;erelie forsake
+his sister Adela: which gr&eacute;eued king Philip not a little, though he
+dissembled the matter for a time, and rather alledged other causes of
+displeasure, wherewith to defame king Richard to the world, as one that
+sought his owne commoditie in spoiling those whom he ought rather to
+haue defended. But to proceed.</p>
+
+<p>Whilest the English and French armies thus soiourned all the winter time
+in Sicile, notwithstanding the troubles aforesaid, to the hinderance of
+king Richards purposes, for the making of his prouisions readie for his
+iournie, he yet caused engins to be framed, his ships to be newlie
+calked, rigged and repaired of such hurts as they had receiued both in
+their long voiage which they had made, and also by certeine wormes, the
+which during their lieng there, had in diuerse places gnawne and eaten
+them through to the great danger of their losse, and vtter decaie.
+<span class="rightnote">Wreckes pardoned.</span>
+Moreouer at the same time he pardoned all wrecks by sea through all his
+dominions, releasing for euer all his right to the same, in such wise
+that euerie person making wrecke by sea, and comming aliue to land,
+should haue all his goods fr&eacute;e and cleare to himselfe. Furthermore he
+decr&eacute;ed, that if he chanced to perish in the ship, then his sons and
+daughters, brethren or sisters, that could prooue themselues to be next
+heires to him, should haue the same goods; but if he had neither sonne
+nor daughter, brother nor sister, then should the king haue those goods
+by waie of his prerogatiue.</p>
+
+<p>This resignation made by king Richard, was confirmed by his charter
+giuen at Messina in the moneth of October and second yeare of his
+reigne. Also vpon a godlie
+<a name="Page_219" id="Page_219" ></a><span class="pagenum">[219]</span>
+repentance wherewith it did please the
+mercifull God to touch his hart, he called all those prelats togither
+which were then with him at Messina into the chappell of Reginald de
+<span class="rightnote">K. Richards confession.</span>
+Moiac, &amp; there in presence of them all falling downe vpon his knees he
+confessed the filthie life which he had in lecherous lust before that
+time led, and humblie receiued penance inioined him by the same bishops,
+and so became a new man, fearing God, and delighting to liue after his
+lawes.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Abbat Joachim.</span>
+Furthermore hearing of the great fame of abbat Joachim, he sent for him
+ouer into Calabria, who came to Messina, and being asked sundrie
+questions by king Richard, he made woonderfull answer thereto: as in
+Houeden and other writers it may app&eacute;ere, which for breefenesse I passe
+ouer. About the same time he gaue vnto his nephue Otho, the sonne of his
+sister Maud, sometime duchesse of Saxonie, the countie of Yorke. But
+although some were contented to receiue him as their lord, and to doo
+homage to him, yet other refused him, alledging that they would not
+renounce their fealties due to the king, till they might s&eacute;e him againe,
+&amp; talke with him face to face. Wherevpon the king changing his purpose,
+gaue vnto the said Otho the countie of Poictou in steed of the said
+countie of Yorke, as after shall appeere.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="yearnote">1191.</span>
+The two kings of England and France held their Christmasse this yeare at
+Messina, and still the king of England vsed great liberalitie in
+bestowing his treasure freelie amongst knights and other men of warre,
+<span class="rightnote">The large expenses of K. Richard.</span>
+so that it was thought he spent more in a moneth than anie of his
+predecessours euer spent in a whole yeare. In the moneth of Februarie he
+sent his gallies to Naples, there to receiue his mother and his wife
+that should be, to wit the ladie Berengaria daughter to the king of
+Nauarre, and Philip earle of Flanders that came with them. But his
+mother qu&eacute;ene Elianor and the ladie Berengaria went to Brindize in
+Puglia, where they were honorablie receiued of Margaret king Tancreds
+<span class="rightnote">The earle of Flanders.</span>
+admirall. Moreouer the earle of Flanders comming to Naples, and finding
+there the gallies of king Richard, went aboord the same, and so came to
+Messina, at the first following the king of England in all things, till
+the French king hauing enuie thereat, allured him awaie, and then he
+hoong altogither on his sl&eacute;eue. The first daie of March the king of
+England departed from Messina, to go to the citie of Cathina, there to
+common with king Tancred, who came thither to meet him.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">K. Richard talketh with king Tancred.</span>
+Here king Richard vnderstood, that the French king had sollicited king
+Tancred to set vpon the king of England and his armie, to chase them out
+of his realme: and for the more easie accomplishment thereof, he had
+promised him his aid, whensoeuer he would giue the aduenture. King
+Tancred deliuered also to king Richard such letters as the French king
+had written to him concerning this matter. Wherevpon at his returne to
+Messina, king Richard shewed by his frowning countenance, that he was
+nothing pleased with the French king, but sought occasions to get him
+out of his companie.</p>
+
+<p>The French king perceiuing it, required to vnderstand the cause of this
+sudden mutation: wherevpon king Richard nothing fearing his power,
+declared the truth plainelie vnto him by the mouth of the earle of
+Flanders: and when the other denied the practise, he for proofe of the
+thing, shewed him the same letters which king Tancred had deliuered vnto
+him. The French king was not a little abashed hereat, and wist not well
+what to saie, nor what excuse to make, the matter was so plaine. But yet
+at length he said: "Well now I perceiue the king of England seeketh to
+haue some quarell whie he may refuse to marrie with my sister. For these
+are but forged matters, and no truth resteth in them."</p>
+
+<p>When the king of England vnderstood this maner of answer, he replied in
+this wise; "That as for the French kings sister, he might not marrie,
+for as much as he was able to produce good witnesse to prooue that his
+father had lien with hir and got a child of hir. And as for his priuie
+proc&eacute;eding and practise with Tancred, he n&eacute;eded no further testimonie
+than his owne hand and his seale, the partie himselfe being present
+<a name="Page_220" id="Page_220" ></a><span class="pagenum">[220]</span>
+who
+receiued them, the messenger also being not far off that carried them
+betw&eacute;ene both the parties."</p>
+
+<p>When the French king was throughlie informed of the first point, through
+counsell of the earle of Flanders and others, he pacified himselfe, and
+was contented to release the king of England of his faith giuen by oth
+for the contract made with his sister Alice: in consideration of which
+releasement and deliuerance, the king of England couenanted to giue
+yearelie to the French king two thousand marks of starling coine for the
+terme of fiue yeares togither: and at his returne home, it was agreed,
+that he shuld also deliuer vnto the French king his sister the said
+ladie Alice, with the towne of Gisors, and all other things which the
+French king had granted to him with his said sister. On the other part,
+the French king granted, that the dutchie of Britaine should apperteine
+to the dominion of the dutchie of Normandie, so as the duke of Britaine
+should be accompted the liege man of the duke of Normandie, and that the
+duke of Normandie should answer the French king for both the dutchies,
+as well of Britaine as Normandie. These agr&eacute;ements were ratified and
+confirmed with solemne oths receiued, and charters giuen vnder their
+hands and seales, vpon the 30. of March.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The French king setteth foorth from Messina towards the holie<a name="FNanchor_6_7" id="FNanchor_6_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a>
+land.</span>
+About this time the French king (now that the season of the yeare was
+come) set forward toward the holie land, leauing king Richard behind him
+in Sicile: and the two and twentith day after his setting foorth from
+Messina, he arriued at the siege of Acres or Acon. The same day also
+that the French king departed from Messina, queene Elianor the mother of
+king Richard arriued there, bringing with hir the ladie Berengaria the
+daughter of Sanctius the king of Nauarre, and the fourth day after
+<span class="rightnote">Qu&eacute;ene Elianor returneth by Rome.</span>
+qu&eacute;ene Elianor tooke leaue of hir sonne king Richard, and departed
+homeward towards England, taking hir iournie by Rome about the businesse
+of Geffrey the elect of Yorke, as to entreat the pope that he would
+confirme and consecrate him archbishop, or to authorise some other to
+doo it in his name. The ladie Berengaria remained behind with the kings
+sister Joane qu&eacute;ene of Sicile.</p>
+
+<p>After this in the moneth of Aprill, on the Wednesday in the passion
+weeke, king Richard (after he had finished and made an end of all
+conclusions with king Tancred) did also set forward with his sister
+Joane, who tooke with hir the ladie Berengaria daughter to the king of
+Nauarre, affianced to him long before, as aboue is partlie mentioned.
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> 130. ships and 53. galies saith
+<i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+His nauie consisted in thirteene mightie great ships with triple sailes,
+an hundred carikes or rather hulkes, and fiftie gallies. He was no
+sooner abroad in the maine sea, but a great tempest arose, wherewith his
+whole nauie was sore tossed and turmoiled vp and downe the seas, and at
+length driuen on the coast of Cypres, where s&eacute;eking to take harbour, &amp;
+to come on land, the Cypriots would not suffer him, but shewed
+countenance to driue him backe, and to resist his landing. Also whereas
+six of his ships were so driuen by force of tempest from the residue,
+that thr&eacute;e of them perished, and three being cast vpon the shoare of
+Cypres before the kings arriuall there, the souldiers and other people
+in the same were compelled to come on land for sauing their liues, where
+otherwise they stood in danger of drowning, the people of the Ile
+assailing them in right cruell sort, slue diuerse, and tooke the residue
+prisoners, and so deteined them for a certeine season.</p>
+
+<p>King Richard then vnderstanding this iniurie to him doone by the
+Cypriots, &amp; perceiuing they would resist his landing, prepared himselfe
+and his people to enter vpon them by force. The king of Cypres Isakius
+or Cursach (whome Houeden nameth emperour of Cypres) had assembled the
+most part of all the power of men that he might make (though few of them
+were armed, or had any great skill in feats of warre) and caused them to
+set boords, logs of wood, benches, formes, and great chests afore them,
+as a defense, and as it were in steed of a wall, that by succour thereof
+they might the better k&eacute;epe off their enimie from landing.</p>
+
+<p>But K. Richard, so incouraged his men by his presence, &amp; hartened them
+with such
+<a name="Page_221" id="Page_221" ></a><span class="pagenum">[221]</span>
+comfortable words as he vttered vnto them, that rowing to the
+shoare with their galies and small botes, hauing the archers afore them,
+<span class="rightnote">The Englishmen take land &amp; chase their enimies.</span>
+they easilie got to land, droue their enimies backe, and so farre
+pursued them (being but footmen, weatherbeaten, wearie, and weat) as
+conuenientlie they might, for the shortnes of time. King Richard hauing
+thus got foot on land, approched the towne of Limezun, which he with his
+souldiers entred, and finding it emptie of people (which were fled
+awaie) but full of riches and great plentie of victuals, as corne, wine,
+oile, and flesh, he seized therevpon.</p>
+
+<p>The same day also the kings sisters and the ladie Berengaria with the
+residue of the kings nauie entred the hauen of Limezun. In the meane
+time the king of Cypres (hauing escaped from the battell) got togither
+his men which were fled and dispersed sundrie waies, and incamped within
+six miles of king Richard, threatning that the next day he would
+eftsoones giue battell: which when king Richard vnderstood, he caused
+his people to be armed the next morning long before day, and so comming
+by guides vnto the place where the Cypriots with their king were lodged,
+<span class="rightnote">King Richard with a camisado vanquisheth the Cypriots, &amp;
+chaseth them out of their campe. <i>Iohn&nbsp;Textor.</i></span>
+suddenlie they assailed them yer they had anie warning of his marching
+towards them, by reason whereof they were slaine like beasts in great
+numbers. Howbeit, their king and a few other escaped and fled away
+naked, hauing no time to put on their apparell, his treasure, horsse,
+armour and standard were taken, which standard king Richard straitwaies
+determined to send vnto saint Edmunds shrine, and so did.</p>
+
+<p>Having thus vanquished his aduersaries, he came backe to Limezun: and
+the third day after, Guie king of Jerusalem and his brother Geffrey de
+<span class="rightnote">The K. of Jerusalem and other noble men doo fealtie vnto king
+Richard.</span>
+Lucignan with the prince of Antioch Raimond and his sonne named also
+Raimond earle of Tripoli, with other noble men, arriued at Limezun
+aforesaid, to visit king Richard, and to offer him their seruices, and
+so became his men, in swearing fealtie to him against all other persons
+whatsoeuer.</p>
+
+<p>The same day the king of Cypres perceiuing himselfe vnable to resist the
+great puissance of king Richards armie, sent ambassadours, and offered
+to king Richard the summe of twentie thousand marks of gold, in
+<span class="rightnote">The offers of the king of Cypres.</span>
+recompense of the monie which his men that were drowned had about them,
+and also to restore those to libertie which he had taken prisoners, and
+to make deliuerie to their hands of all their goods. Furthermore he
+offered to go with him into the holie land personallie, and to serue him
+with an hundred knights 400 light horssemen, and 500 well armed footmen,
+<span class="rightnote">The king of Cypres submitteth himselfe.</span>
+&amp; also to deliuer to king Richard his daughter and heire in hostage, and
+to acknowledge him his souereigne lord, by swearing to him fealtie for
+his kingdome, as for that which he should confesse to hold of him.</p>
+
+<p>King Richard accepted these offers, and so the king of Cypres came in
+and sware fealtie to king Richard, in presence of the king of Jerusalem,
+the prince of Antioch, and other barons, and promised vpon his oth then
+receiued, not to depart till all things couenanted on his part were
+performed. Then king Richard assigned tents for him and his to lodge in,
+and appointed certeine knights and other men of warre to haue the
+custodie of him. But the same day after dinner vpon repentance of that
+which he had doone, he deceiued his keepers and stale awaie, sending
+knowledge backe to the king that he would not stand to the couenants,
+which were concluded vpon betwixt them.</p>
+
+<p>King Richard seemed to like the matter well enough, and foorthwith
+deliuered a part of his armie vnto the king of Jerusalem and to the
+prince of Antioch, appointing them to persue the king of Cypres by land,
+whilest he with one part of his gallies and Robert de Turneham with the
+other might search about the coast by sea, to prohibit his passage by
+water. In euerie place where they came, such ships and gallies as they
+found they seized into their hands, and no resistance was made against
+them, by reason the people fled to the woods and mountains, leauing the
+cities, townes and castels void in all st&eacute;eds, where the king or the
+<span class="rightnote">Robert de Turneham.</span>
+said sir Robert de Turneham with their vessels began to
+app&eacute;ere.
+<a name="Page_222" id="Page_222" ></a><span class="pagenum">[222]</span>
+When
+they had taken their pleasure thus alongst the coasts, they returned
+againe vnto Limezun. The king of Jerusalem and the other that went
+foorth by land, when they could not sp&eacute;ed of their purpose, returned
+also, in which meane time a great number of Cypriots came in, and
+submitting themselues to king Richard, were receiued as his subiects.</p>
+
+<p>On the 12. daie of Maie, the ladie Berengaria daughter to the king of
+<span class="rightnote">The king of England marieth the ladie Berengaria. She is
+crowned qu&eacute;ene.</span>
+Nauarre was maried according to a precontract vnto king Richard at
+Limezun aforesaid in the Ile of Cypres, one of the kings chaplins
+executing the order of the marriage. The same daie also she was crowned
+by the bishop of Eureux, the archbishops of Apamea and Aux, with the
+bishop of Baion ministring vnto him. After the solemnitie of this
+marriage and coronation ended, king Richard set forward with his armie
+into the countrie of Cypres, and first wan (by surrender) the citie of
+Nichosia, and after the strong castell of Cherin, within the which was
+the daughter of the king of Cypres, which ladie humblie yeelded hir
+selfe vnto K. Richard, (who counting it reproach to be extreme with such
+as submit themselues, and speciallie the female sex, according to the
+old saieng,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Pacere subiectis nobilis scit ira leonis)<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="nogap">had pitie of hir case, and sent hir to his wife the new qu&eacute;ene, willing
+that she might be honorablie vsed. From thence passing forward, these
+<span class="rightnote">Castels deliuered to the king of England.</span>
+castels were deliuered into his hands, Baffes and Buffeuent, Den, Amur,
+Candace, and afterwards all the other castels and cities, townes and
+places of strength within that Ile one after an other. Finallie, hearing
+<span class="rightnote">The king of Cyprus again submitteth himselfe to the king of
+England.</span>
+that the king of Cypres was inclosed in an abbie called Cap S. Andrew,
+he marched thitherwards: but when the king of Cypres heard of his
+approch, he came foorth and submitted himselfe wholie into his hands.
+The king first appointed him to the k&eacute;eping of his chamberlaine Rafe
+<span class="rightnote">Rafe Fitz Geffrey.</span>
+Fitz Geffrey, and after sent him into the citie of Tripoli, there to be
+kept in close prison. Who when he heard he should be committed to close
+prison, and remaine in fetters, said, "that if he laie in irons, he
+should shortlie end his life." Wherevnto king Richard when he heard of
+it, answered: "He saith well, and therefore bicause he is a noble man,
+and our mind is not to haue him dead, but onelie to be kept safe from
+starting anie more awaie, and dooing new hurt, let him be chained in
+giues and fetters made of siluer," and so he was.</p>
+
+<p>But to proc&eacute;ed. After the king had set the countrie of Cypres in good
+staie, he deliuered the keeping thereof vnto Richard de Camuille and
+<span class="rightnote">He arriued there on the saturdaie in Whitsunw&eacute;ek, being the
+saturdaie also next before the feast of S. Barnabie. <i>Galfridus.</i>
+<i>Vinsant.</i></span>
+Robert de Turneham. This doone vpon the wednesdaie in the Whitsunw&eacute;eke
+he tooke the sea againe, and passed ouer to the citie of Acres, which as
+then was besieged by the christian armie, as ye may read in the
+description of the holie land, onelie giuing you to vnderstand, that
+such was the valiancie of king Richard shewed in manfull constreining of
+the citie, that his praise was greatlie bruted both amongst the
+christians and also the Saracens.</p>
+
+<p>Howbeit the secret enimitie betwixt him and the French king eftsoones
+reuiued, by occasion of such discord as chanced betwixt Guido king of
+Jerusalem, and Conrade the marques of Tire, so that parties were taken,
+and whereas both the Pisans and Geneuois did offer their seruice vnto
+king Richard, yet bicause the Geneuois were confederat with the French
+king, who tooke part with the marques, he refused them, and receiued the
+<span class="rightnote">Pisans and Geneuois.</span>
+Pisans, ioining himselfe with king Guido to support him against his
+enimies.</p>
+
+<p>Here is to be remembred, that before king Richard arriued at the siege,
+he incountred on the sea a mightie great ship called a Drommond, which
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matt.&nbsp;Paris.</i> <i>Nic.&nbsp;Triuet.</i> Saphaldine the brother
+of Saladine.</span>
+one Saphaldine the brother of Saladine a prince of the Saracens had
+sent, to refresh them with vittels. This ship king Richard caused
+f&eacute;ercelie to be assailed with his gallies, and at length bowged hir with
+all the vittels and prouision within the same, as wild-fire, barels of
+firie serpents, armour and weapons of sundrie sorts, besides all the
+mariners and men of warre, except such as were taken to mercie and saued
+aliue, being about 200 in the whole, whereas there were aboord the same
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> <i>N.&nbsp;Triuet.</i></span>
+ship 500 men of warre, as some write, though other haue but 800.</p>
+
+<p>
+<a name="Page_223" id="Page_223" ></a><span class="pagenum">[223]</span>
+&para; But now to other accidents that chanced this yere. On Midsummer eeue
+there was such an eclipse of the sunne, the moone being the same time 27
+<span class="rightnote">An eclipse of the sunne.</span>
+daies old, that for the space of thr&eacute;e houres (for so long it lasted)
+such darkness came ouer the face of the earth, that euen in the daie
+<span class="rightnote">The seuenth houre of the daie saith <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+time (for this eclipse began about nine of the clocke in the morning)
+the stars appeared plainelie in the element.</p>
+
+<p>In the same moneth of June, Richard de Camuille, whome the king had left
+(as ye haue heard) gouernour in Cypres, chanced to fall sicke, and
+<span class="rightnote">Richard de Camuille deceasseth.</span>
+comming without licence to the siege of Acres, there died. After whose
+death the Cypriots and those called Griffones and Ermians reuolted from
+the English obedience, and chose to them a king, one that was a moonke
+of the familie of Isachus their former king: but Robert de Turneham, who
+after the deceasse of Richard Camuille remained sole gouernour of the
+Ile, gathered a power of men togither, and giuing battell to the new
+king (whom Houeden nameth also emperour) vanquished him with his
+complices, tooke him prisoner, and hanged him on a paire of galowes. The
+same moneth also died Rafe Fitz Geffrey, who had the other king Isac in
+custodie, and then king Richard deliuered him to the knights of the
+hospitall, who sent him to the castell of Margant, there safelie to be
+kept as prisoner to the vse of the king of England.</p>
+
+<p>Now will we returne vnto the affaires of England and make some mention
+of the dooings there. Yee shall vnderstand, that after king Richard was
+set forward on his iournie, William Longchampe lord chancellour and
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span>
+bishop of Elie, appointed (as ye haue heard) gouernour of the realme,
+began to exercise his authoritie to the vttermost, taking vpon him the
+state of a prince, rather than of a subiect. He had of late (as before
+ye haue heard) procured such fauor at the hands of pope Clement, that he
+<span class="rightnote">The Lord chancellor called the popes legat in England.</span>
+was instituted by him legat of the apostolike see here in England, so
+that pretending a rule both ouer the clergie and temporaltie, and by
+reason that he had both the authoritie of pope and king in his hands, he
+vsed the same to his most aduantage, as well in causes ecclesiasticall
+as temporall, whereby he wrought manie oppressions both against them of
+<span class="rightnote">The statelie port of the lord chancellor. <i>Ran.&nbsp;Higd.</i></span>
+the clergie and temporaltie. He mainteined such a port and countenance
+in his dooings, that he would ride with a thousand horsses, by meanes
+whereof when he came to lie at abbeis and other places (bringing with
+him such a traine) he was verie burdenous vnto them, speciallie when he
+laie at their houses any space of time.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">A conuocation.</span>
+This man called a conuocation at Westminster, wherein at the suit of
+Hugh Nouant bishop of Chester, it was decreed, that the moonks of
+<span class="rightnote">Moonks of Couentrie displaced. <i>Polydor.</i> <i>Ran.&nbsp;Higd.</i>
+<i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i> The occasion. <i>Ran.&nbsp;Higd.</i></span>
+Couentrie should be displaced, and secular canons brought into that
+house to supplie their roomes. Which was doone by the authoritie of the
+said lord chancellour, being bribed by the foresaid bishop of Chester
+(as some writers haue recorded) for displeasure which he bare to the
+moonks, by reason of a fraie which they had made vpon the said bishop in
+their church at Couentrie, and drawne bloud of him before the alter
+there, as he alledged.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i></span>
+But some haue written, that the bishop of Chester procured a licence of
+the pope, to alter the state of that church in sort aboue mentioned,
+which is most likelie, surmising against the moonks, that they were most
+manifest and stubborne disturbers of that peace and quietnesse which
+ought to remaine amongst churchmen: and yet he himselfe sowed the strife
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ran.&nbsp;Higd.</i> <i>Polydor.</i></span>
+and dissention amongst them, and namelie betw&eacute;ene the prior and his
+couent. Moreouer, the said lord chancellour depriued such rulers of
+their administrations and gouernements, as the king had appointed to
+beare any high authoritie within the realme, pretending not onelie the
+kings commandement, but also alleadging a reason which mooued him so to
+doo, as thus, that he might thereby take awaie all occasions of grudges
+from the people, which otherwise might thinke, and would not sticke to
+<span class="rightnote">The L. chancellors reason.<br />
+The bishop of Durham. <br />
+The bishop of Winchester.</span>
+saie, that they were oppressed by the rule of manie kings in st&eacute;ed of
+one king. He did also depriue Hugh the bishop of Durham of all his
+honour and dignitie, and put the bishop of Winchester to great trouble.
+Moreouer, doubting least the Nobles of the realme would rise against
+him, and put him out of his place; he sought to k&eacute;epe them lowe, and
+spoiled
+<a name="Page_224" id="Page_224" ></a><span class="pagenum">[224]</span>
+them of their monie and substance. Likewise pretending a colour
+<span class="rightnote">The lord chancellors meaning to k&eacute;epe earle John lowe.</span>
+of doubt, least earle John the kings brother should attempt any thing
+against his brother the king now in his absence, he sought also to k&eacute;epe
+him vnder. To be br&eacute;efe, he plaied in all points the right part of a
+tyrant, and shewed himselfe such a one in all respects as mainteined his
+title,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Pal. in suo cap.</i></span>
+<span class="i0">Non disceptando aut subtilibus argumentis<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Vincere, sed ferro mauult sua iura tueri,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Pontifices nunc bella iuuant, sunt c&aelig;tera nuga,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nec pr&aelig;cepta patrum nec Christi dogmata curant,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Iactant se dominos rerum &amp; sibi cuncta licere.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>At length the king receiued aduertisement from his mother queene Elianor
+of his demeanor, and that there was great likeliehood of some commotion
+to insue, if sp&eacute;edie remedie were not in time prouided. Wherevpon being
+<span class="rightnote">Walter the archbishop of Rouen sent into England.</span>
+then in Sicile, he sent Walter the archbishop of Rouen into England with
+commission, to ioine in administration of the kingdome with his
+chancellor the said bishop of Elie. But the archbishop comming into
+England was so slenderlie interteined of the chancellour, and in effect
+so litle regarded, that notwithstanding his commission and instructions
+<span class="rightnote">He is little regarded of the lord chancellor.</span>
+brought from the king, he could not be permitted to beare any rule. But
+the chancellour deteining the same wholie in his hands, ordered all
+things at his pleasure, without making the archbish. of Rouen, or any
+other of counsel with him, except such as it pleased him to admit for
+the seruing of his owne turne.</p>
+
+<p>&para; He certeinelie bel&eacute;eued (as manie other did) that king Richard would
+neuer returne with life into England againe, which caused him to attempt
+so manie vnlawfull enterprises, and therefore he got into his hands all
+the castels and fortresses belonging to the crowne, and furnished them
+with garisons of souldiers, as he thought necessarie, depriuing such
+capteins of their roomes as he suspected not to fauour his proc&eacute;edings.</p>
+
+<p>One Gerard de Camuille had bought of the king the k&eacute;eping of the castell
+of Lincolne, vnto whome also the sheriffewike of the shire was committed
+for a time, but the lord chancellour, perceiuing that he bare more good
+will vnto earle John the kings brother than to him (which John he most
+suspected) he tooke from him the shiriffewike, &amp; demanded also to haue
+the castell of Lincolne deliuered into his hands, which Gerard refused
+to deliuer, and perceiuing that the chancellor would practise to haue it
+by force, he fled vnto earle John, requiring him of competent aid and
+succour.</p>
+
+<p>The chancellor on the other part, perceiuing what hatred diuerse of the
+Nobles bare him, thought good to prouide for his owne suertie the best
+that he could, and therefore sent for a power of men from beyond the
+sea: but bicause he thought it too long to staie till they arriued, he
+<span class="rightnote">The lord chancellor besiegeth the castell of Lincolne.<br />
+Earle John winneth the castels of Notingham and Tickhill.</span>
+came to Lincolne with such power as he could make, and besieged the
+castell. Erle John the kings brother aduertised hereof, raised such
+numbers of men as he might make of his freends, seruants and tenants,
+and with small a doo wan the castels of Notingham and Tickhill within
+two daies space. This doone, he sent to the lord chancellour, commanding
+him either to breake vp his siege, or else to prepare for battell. The
+chancellour considering with himselfe that there was small trust to be
+put in diuerse of those lords that were with him, bearing good will to
+<span class="rightnote">The chancellor raiseth his siege with dishonour.</span>
+earle John, and but hollow harts towards him, raised his siege and
+departed with dishonour.</p>
+
+<p>Not long after, one of his hornes was broken off by the death of pope
+Clement, whereby his power legantine ceased: wherewith being somewhat
+<span class="rightnote">The lord chancellor and earle John are agr&eacute;ed.<br />
+The chancellor breaketh the agr&eacute;ement.</span>
+abashed, he came to a communication with earle John, and vpon certeine
+conditions made peace with him. Shortlie after the souldiers which he
+had sent for, arriued in England, and then he began to go from the
+agr&eacute;ement made with earle John, affirming that he would either driue the
+same earle out of England, or else should earle John doo the like to
+him: for it was not of sufficient largenesse to hold them both. Howbeit,
+shortlie after, a peace was eftsoones concluded betwixt them with
+<span class="rightnote">The lord chancellor and earle John make another agr&eacute;ement.</span>
+condition, that if it chanced king Richard to depart
+<a name="Page_225" id="Page_225" ></a><span class="pagenum">[225]</span>
+this life before
+his returne into England, not leauing any issue of his bodie begotten,
+that then the chancellour renouncing the ordinance made by king Richard
+(who had instituted his nephue Arthur duke of Britaine to be his heire
+and successour) should consent to admit earle John for king of England,
+contrarie to the said ordinance.</p>
+
+<p>But in the meane time it was agr&eacute;ed, that earle John should deliuer vp
+the castels of Notingham and Tickhill, Notingham to the hands of William
+Marshall, and Tickhill to the hands of William Wendenall, they to k&eacute;epe
+the same vnto the vse and behoofe of king Richard, that vpon his returne
+he might doo with them as should please him: prouided that if it so
+chanced, that he should die before he could returne from his voiage, or
+that the chancellour went from the agr&eacute;ement now taken, then immediatlie
+should the foresaid castels of Notingham and Tickhill be restored vnto
+earle John.</p>
+
+<p>Moreouer, the other castels of such honours as were assigned to earle
+John by the king his brother, were committed vnto the custodie of
+certeine persons of great trust and loialtie, as the castell of
+Wallingford to the archbishop of Rouen, the castell of Bristow to the
+bishop of Lincolne, the castell of the Peake to the bishop of Couentrie,
+the castell of Bolesofres vnto Richard de Peake (or if he refused, then
+should the bishop of Couentrie haue it in k&eacute;eping) the castell Eie was
+committed to Walter Fitz Robert, the castell of Herford to Roger Bigot,
+and to Richard Reuell the castell of Excester and Launston. These
+persons to whom these castels were thus committed to be kept, receiued
+also an oth, that they should faithfullie k&eacute;epe them to the kings
+behoofe, and if he chanced to die, before he should returne, then the
+same should be deliuered vnto earle Johns hands. Also there were three
+<span class="rightnote">Castels deliuered in trust to the keeping of certeine
+persons.</span>
+castels that perteined to the crowne, deliuered likewise in trust, as
+the castell of Windsor vnto the earle of Arundell, the castell of
+Winchester vnto Gilbert de Lacie, and the castell of Northampton vnto
+Simon de Pateshull.</p>
+
+<p>It was also agr&eacute;ed, that bishops, abbats, earles, and barons, valuasors,
+and freeholders should not be disseised of their lands, goods or
+chattels, otherwise than by order of the iustices or officers of the
+king, so that they should be iudged in the kings courts according to the
+lawfull customes and ordinances of the realme, and likewise that earle
+John should cause the same orders to be obserued through all his lands.
+Prouided that if any man attempted to doo otherwise vpon support or
+maintenance of earle John, he should stand to be reformed by the
+archbishop of Rouen if he chanced then to be in England, and by the
+kings iustices, and by those that had sworne to obserue this peace: and
+also earle John himselfe at their request should see such reformation to
+be had.</p>
+
+<p>Moreouer, it was agr&eacute;ed that all those castels that had bin built or
+begun to be builded since the kings passage ouer towards his iournie,
+should be razed, and no new made or fortified till his returne, except
+in manours perteining to the kings demaine, if need required, or by his
+speciall commandement, either by letters, or sufficient messengerrs.
+That the shiriffewike of Lincolne, which the lord chancellour had
+assigned vnto William de Stuteuille should be restored to Gerard de
+Camuille, who had a daie appointed him to app&eacute;ere in the kings court, to
+heare what might be laid against him: and if such matter could be
+prooued, for the which he ought to loose the said shiriffewike and the
+castell of Lincolne, then he should depart from them by the iudgement of
+the court, or else not. Neither should earle John mainteine him against
+the iudgement of that court, nor should receiue any outlawes, or such as
+were notoriouslie knowen for enimies to the king, and so named, nor
+should suffer them to be receiued within the precinct of his liberties.</p>
+
+<p>To hold, mainteine and obserue this peace, the said earle and
+chancellour sware in the hand of the archbishop of Rouen with seuen
+barons on either part. On the part of earle John these were the names of
+them that receiued the oth: Stephan Ridell his chancellour, William de
+la Mare, Robert de la Mare, Philip de Turechester, William de Kahennes,
+Gilbert Basset &amp; William de Montacute. On the chancellours part, the
+earles of Arundell and Salisburie, earle Roger Bigot, and the earle of
+Clare, with Walter Fitz
+<a name="Page_226" id="Page_226" ></a><span class="pagenum">[226]</span>
+Robert, William de Breuse, and Roger Fitz
+Ramfrey. These things were concluded in this sort, the authoritie and
+commandement of the king yet in all things saued and reserued: but so,
+that if before his returne he should signifie his pleasure to the
+contrarie of the ordinances aboue mentioned, then should the castels of
+Notingham and Tickhill be restored vnto earle John, notwithstanding what
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;3.</span>
+soeuer the king should command touching the same. Thus was the peace
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;West.</i> <i>Polydor.</i></span>
+concluded eftsoones betwixt earle John and the chancellour.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Geffrey the archbishop of Yorke. <i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+In this meane while, Geffrey the elect archbishop of Yorke, after long
+suit and manie delaies contriued, speciallie by the chancellour,
+obteined his pall, being consecrated by the archbishop of Towrs, by
+virtue of his buls obteined from pope Celestine. The chancellour
+aduertised herof, and vnderstanding that he meant to come shortlie into
+England to be installed, was in a great chafe, bicause that during the
+time of the vacation, he had vsed the reuenues of that see at his
+pleasure, and therefore now to forego them he was nothing contented.
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+Herevpon he wrote his letters vnto Matthew de Clare shiriffe of Kent in
+this forme.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<h3>The lord chancellours letters to the shiriffe of Kent.</h3>
+
+<p>Pr&aelig;cipimus tibi qu&ograve;d si Eboracen. Electus ad aliquem portum in balliua
+tua applicuerit, aut aliquis nunciorum eius, eum retineri facias, donec
+mandatum nostrum ind&egrave; receperis. Et similiter pr&aelig;cipimus, qu&ograve;d omnes
+literas pap&aelig; aut magni alicuius viri qu&aelig; illic venerint, facias
+retineri. The English whereof is thus.</p>
+
+<p>"We command you that if the elect of Yorke shall arriue at any port or
+hauen within your bailiwicke, or any messenger of his, that you cause
+them to be arested and kept, till you haue commandement from vs therein.
+And we command you likewise, to stay, attach, and keepe all letters that
+come from the pope, or any other great man."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> The death of the archbishop of Canturbury.
+<i>Io.&nbsp;Textor.</i></span>
+Likewise, whereas Baldwine archbishop of Canturburie, hauing taken his
+iournie into the holie land, and arriuing there before the king, chanced
+to depart this life at Tyrus, the last yeere, vpon the feast daie of S.
+Edmund, the chancellour found meanes to keepe that s&eacute;e also vacant, that
+he might receiue the profits thereof, during the vacation, and find
+meanes to be prepared to it in the end. But as touching the s&eacute;e of
+Yorke, although he had (as before is said) made his hand of the reuenues
+belonging to the same from time to time at his pleasure, yet now after
+that he heard how Geffrey had receiued the pall, he made hauocke,
+wasting &amp; spoiling all that would yeeld him anie monie, without respect
+of right or wrong. Moreouer, he caused the hauens to be watched, with
+commandement giuen to the townes on the sea coast, that they should not
+<span class="rightnote">The archbishop arriued and is committed to ward.</span>
+suffer the archbishop Geffrey to take land. At length yet he arriued at
+Douer, where he was by the aforesaid Matthew de Clare first staied, and
+after taken out of the abbeie by the chancellours commandement, and
+committed to prison within the castell, where a Noble man that had
+maried the chancellors sister was capteine.</p>
+
+<p>The newes of whose imprisonment was anon bruted through the realme,
+wherewith the Nobles fretted, and the commons curssed: finallie all men
+detested such tyrannie in the chancellour. But namelie the kings brother
+earle John stormed at the matter, and with all sp&eacute;ed assembled an armie
+out of those places where he bare rule, increasing the number with a
+power of Welshmen. There came to him the bishop of Winchester, with
+manie earles and barons, also the bishop of Bath and Chester, which
+latelie before had b&eacute;ene ch&eacute;efe fauourers of the chancellour in all his
+dooings: but now that the world was
+<a name="Page_227" id="Page_227" ></a><span class="pagenum">[227]</span>
+changed, they shewed themselues the
+most earnest enimies he had, as well in words as d&eacute;eds.</p>
+
+<p>In an assemblie of all the bishops of England, all those were
+excommunicate in solemne wise, with candels light, and other such
+ceremonies, which had either giuen commandement, or were present as
+partakers, to pull out of the church the archbishop of Yorke, or his
+people by violence, and had imprisoned them in maner (as before y&eacute;e haue
+heard:) but this was after the archbishop was set at libertie, as shuld
+appeare by Matthew Paris, for the chancellour repenting himselfe (though
+now too late) of his cruell dealing against the archbishop of Yorke,
+wherewith he had kindled such a brand against him, commanded the said
+archbishop (namelie at the instant sute of the bishop of London, or
+rather at the commandement of earle John, as Houeden saith) to be set at
+libertie. But the displeasure once kindled in the hearts of the Nobles,
+could not so easilie<a name="FNanchor_6_8" id="FNanchor_6_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> be quenched with his deliuerie, as it was sp&eacute;edilie
+set on fire by his imprisonment, so that they being now in armour,
+purposed to abate the pride of the chancellour, and to deliuer the
+<span class="rightnote"><i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i> The chancellour summoned to appeare.</span>
+common-wealth, of such an vglie tyrant. And to begin, they summoned, and
+assigned him a peremptorie day to appeare at Reading, to make answer
+vnto such iniuaries as he had doone against the archbishop of Yorke, and
+the bishop of Durham, sithens the departure of his souereigne lord the
+king.</p>
+
+<p>At which day there came to Reading earle John, and the archbishop of
+Rouen, with manie other bishops, earles, and barons, abiding there all
+that day, to s&eacute;e if the chancellour would appeare or no; but he came
+not: wherevpon they prepared to march foorth towards London, and
+therewithall set forward in like maner. He on the other side being a man
+of a great courage, had gathered an armie of such strangers and other
+his fr&eacute;ends as he could make, and therewith went foorth, and encamped
+n&eacute;ere to Windsor, there to abide his aduersaries, and to giue them
+battell, if they came forward and would abide it. But when they
+approched, and he perceiued also how diuerse of his freends shranke from
+him, and went to his enimies, he durst not attempt the hazard of a
+<span class="rightnote">The chauncellour retireth to London.</span>
+field, but fled backe to London, and there withdrew into the tower, with
+all his host, bicause he durst not commit himselfe to the doubtfull
+fellowship of the citizens. Through his great pride and statelie port
+which he mainteined, as partlie y&eacute;e haue heard, he had procured to
+himselfe no small hatred amongst all degrees of men, and namelie such as
+by the kings appointment ought to haue beene parteners with him in
+gouernement of the realme sore repined at his presumptuous proceedings,
+for that he disdained (as it s&eacute;emed) to vse their aduise, or to ioine
+them with him in the administration of things, so that now in time of
+his trouble he wist not in whome he might put his trust.</p>
+
+<p>After he was thus retired into the tower of London, earle John, the
+archbishop of Rouen, and the other bishops, earles, and barons
+associated togither against him, followed him at the h&eacute;eles, entered the
+citie, and besieged the tower on ech side. On the morrow after, being
+the fourth day after the octaues of saint Michaell, they came togither
+into Paules church-yard, where they publikelie declared the iniurious
+<span class="rightnote">A declaration made against the lord chancellour.</span>
+wrongs doone and practised by the chancellour; namelie against the
+archbishop of Yorke, and the bishop of Durham. Those also that had b&eacute;ene
+appointed as associats with him, accused him, in that he had taken vpon
+him to rule and gouerne all things after his owne will, not vouchsafing
+to haue their aduise or councell in such sort as had b&eacute;ene conuenient.</p>
+
+<p>The archbishop of Rouen and William Marshall earle of Pembroke shewed
+there before all the people the kings letters which he had sent from
+<span class="rightnote">The tenor of this letter shall h&eacute;ereafter appeare.</span>
+Messina, appointing that they should be associats with him in gouernment
+of the kingdome; and that without the counsell and aduice of them and
+others assigned thereto, he should not meddle with the rule of the land,
+and that if he should doo any thing to the hinderance of the
+common-wealth, or s&eacute;eke to meddle with the affaires of the realme,
+without their good aduise, that then he should be deposed. H&eacute;erevpon it
+seemed good to earle John, and to all the bishops, earles and barons of
+the realme, and to the citizens of London, there assembled, that the
+<a name="Page_228" id="Page_228" ></a><span class="pagenum">[228]</span>
+said chancellour should be deposed, and so they proceeded, and deposed
+him in d&eacute;ed, appointing the archbishop of Rouen in his place, who would
+not take vpon him to doo anie thing touching the rule of the land,
+without consent of his associats assigned to him, and the barons or the
+eschecker.</p>
+
+<p>The same day, earle John, and the archbishop of Rouen, and other of the
+<span class="rightnote">The citizens of London.</span>
+kings iustices, granted to the citizens of London the priuilege of their
+communaltie; and the said earle and archbishop, and in maner all the
+bishops, erls and barons of the realme sware to mainteine the said
+priuilege firme and stable, so long as should please their souereigne
+lord. And the citizens of London sware to be true, and to doo their
+faithfull seruice vnto king Richard and his heirs, and if he chanced to
+die without issue, then to receiue earle John the brother of king
+Richard for their king and souereigne lord, and therevpon sware fealtie
+to him against all men, sauing that which they owed vnto his brother
+king Richard.</p>
+
+<p>The chancellour perceiuing the multitude to be such which he had with
+him in the tower, as the place was not able to hold them any long time,
+<span class="rightnote">The chancellour y&eacute;eldeth vp the tower.</span>
+after he had remained within it one night, he came foorth vnto earle
+John, and to the other that were thus entred the citie, and now readie
+to besiege him, of whome he got licence for them that were inclosed
+within the tower, to depart without damage, and therewith deliuered vp
+the tower into the hands of the archbishop of Rouen, with the castell of
+Windsor, and certeine other castels, which he held within the realme,
+but not all: notwithstanding he couenanted to make deliuerie of the
+residue, which yet remained in the hands of them whome he had appointed
+to the k&eacute;eping of the same. And for assurance of that couenant to be
+performed before he departed the realme, he deliuered his brethren, and
+one that was his chamberleine, to remaine with the lords as hostages.</p>
+
+<p>This doone, he hasted to Canturburie, where he promised to receiue the
+crosse of a pilgrime to go into the holie land, and to render vp the
+crosse of his legatship, which he had vsurped a yeare and a halfe after
+the death of pope Clement, to the preiudice of the church of Rome, and
+to the detriment and great hinderance of the English church. For there
+was not any church within the realme, which had not b&eacute;ene put to fine
+<span class="rightnote">The print of the legats crosse.</span>
+and ransome by that crosse, nor any ecclesiasticall person went fr&eacute;e,
+but the print of the crosse appeared in him and his purse. From
+Canturburie he got him to Douer to his brother in law, and finallie
+s&eacute;eking means to passe ouer into France, and doubting to be discouered,
+he apparelled himselfe in womans raiment, &amp; got a web of cloth on his
+<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Elie late lord chancellor disguiseth himselfe
+in womans apparell.<br />
+He is bewraied.</span>
+arme, as though he had beene some housewifelie woman of the countrie:
+but by the vntowardlie folding and vncunning handling of his cloth (or
+rather by a lewd fisherman that tooke him for an harlot) he was
+suspected and searched so narrowlie, that by his priuie members he was
+prooued to be a man, and at length knowne, attached, and committed to
+prison, after he had beene reprochfullie handled by them that found him,
+and by the wiues of the towne, in such vns&eacute;emlie apparell.</p>
+
+<p>Earle John would haue had him punished, and put to some open reproofe
+for his passed tyrannicall dooings; but the bishops, and other of the
+<span class="rightnote">Earle John not y<sup>e</sup> bishops fr&eacute;end.</span>
+barons, for reuerence of his order, procured his deliuerance, with
+licence to passe ouer into Normandie where he was borne. Thus was the
+bishop of Elie a man full of pride and couetousnesse ouerthrowne with
+shame, and receiued for his hie climing a reprochfull downefall: for
+none are more subiect to ruine and rebuke, than such as be aloft and
+supereminent ouer others, as the poet noteth well saieng:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ouid. lib. 1. de. rem. am.</i></span>
+<span class="i0">Summa petit liuor, perflant altissima venti,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Summa petunt dextra fulmina missa Iouis.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+In time he was deposed from his office of being chancellour, and not
+without warrant, for in verie d&eacute;ed, king Richard hauing receiued
+aduertisements from the lords and peeres of the realme, of the
+chancellours presumptuous and hautie demeanour, with wrongs offered to
+diuerse persons, wrote to them againe as followeth.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229" ></a><span class="pagenum">[229]</span></p>
+<h3>A letter of king Richard directed to the States of the land for the
+deposing of the bishop of Elie from his office of lord chancellour.</h3>
+
+<p>Richard king of England sendeth greeting to William Marshall, to Gilbert
+Fitz Peter, and Henrie Berdulfe, and to William Brewer, peeres. If it so
+chance that our chancellour hath not faithfullie handled the affaires
+and businesse of our realme (committed vnto him) by the aduise and
+counsell of you, and others to whome we haue also assigned the charge of
+gouernement of the same realme: we command you, that according to your
+disposition in all things to be doone concerning the gouernement
+thereof, you order and dispose as well for eschetes, as all other
+things, &amp;c.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>By force of this commission, the lords were the bolder to proc&eacute;ed
+against him as ye haue heard. Now after his comming into the parties
+<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Elie complaineth of his wrongs receiued.</span>
+beyond the seas, he ceassed not with letters and messengers to present
+his complaint to the pope of Rome, and to king Richard of the iniuries
+receiued at the hands of earle John and his complices. Herevpon pope
+Celestine wrote in d&eacute;ed to all the archbishops and bishops that were
+<span class="rightnote">The popes letters vnto the archbishope and bishops of
+England.</span>
+within the realme of England, in behalfe of the said bishop of Elie,
+declaring, that for so much as the king of England was gone into the
+holie land to warre against the enimies of our faith, leauing his
+kingdome vnder the protection of the apostolike see, he could not but
+haue speciall regard to see that the state, rights and honour thereof
+were preserued from all danger of decaie.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Note how the pope defendeth his chaplins.</span>
+Wherefore, vnderstanding that there had beene certeine attempts made by
+John erle of Mortaigne and others, both against the king and the bishop
+of Elie, that was not onelie legat of the apostolike s&eacute;e, but also
+gouernour of the land appointed by the king, which attempt sounded
+greatlie to the reproch of the church of Rome, and danger of damage to
+insue to king Richard, if remedie were not the sooner found: therefore
+he commanded them by the vertue of their obedience, to exc&#333;municat
+the earle of Mortaigne, or any other that was knowne to haue laid any
+violent hands vpon the said bishop of Elie, or deteined him as captiue,
+or inforced him to any oth, or else had changed the state of rule in the
+kingdome of England to other forme, than king Richard had ordeined at
+his setting forward towards the holie land: and that not onelie all the
+councellours, authors, aiders and complices of those that had committed
+such outrage, but also their lands should stand interdicted, so that no
+diuine seruice should be vsed within the precinct of the same, except
+penance and christning of infants. This to remaine till the said bishop
+&amp; kingdome were restored into the former estate: and that the parties
+excommunicated should present themselues with letters from the bishops
+vnto the apostolike see to be absolued, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Herevpon also the bishop of Elie himselfe wrote vnto the bishop of
+Lincolne and other, touching this matter: but the bishops did neither
+any thing in accomplishment of the effect of the popes letters, nor at
+his owne supplication. And therefore perceiuing small helpe to come that
+waie, he sought to obteine the fauour and fr&eacute;endship of earle John, and
+of his mother qu&eacute;ene Elianor. In the meane time, the lords, barons and
+prelates of the realme, after they had depriued him of all authoritie,
+and banished him out of the land, ordeined the archbishop of Rouen in
+<span class="rightnote">The archbishop of Rouen ch&eacute;efe gouernour of England.</span>
+fauour of the kings commission, to haue the ch&eacute;efe rule and
+administration of things touching all the affaires of the common-wealth;
+but yet so as earle John had the dooings in manie points, so that he
+might s&eacute;eme in manner an associat with him, whereof sprang much
+inconuenience. For this
+<a name="Page_230" id="Page_230" ></a><span class="pagenum">[230]</span>
+John being a man (as he is noted by some
+writers) of an ambitious nature, was suspected to aspire vnto the
+kingdome: in somuch that he had ioined with the French king, after the
+same king was returned foorth of the holie land, against his brother
+king Richard, if his mother qu&eacute;ene Elianor had not persuaded him to the
+contrarie.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i> <i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i> Fiftene saith <i>Functius</i>, but
+others agr&eacute;e with <i>Houed.</i> as <i>Gerardus Mercator</i> citing <i>Albericus</i> a
+moonke.</span>
+Whilest these things were a dooing, on the twelfth daie of Julie, the
+citie of Acres was surrendred into the Christian mens hands, for the
+Soldan Saladine (being approched n&eacute;ere to the siege of the christians
+with a puissant armie, in hope to haue raised their siege) when he
+perceiued it laie not in his power to worke any feat to the succour of
+his people within the citie, and that they were so constreined that they
+must n&eacute;eds y&eacute;eld, he holpe to make their composition, and promised to
+performe certeine couenants on their behalfe. Herevpon, the Saracens
+within Acres couenanted not onelie to deliuer the citie vnto the
+christians with fiue hundred prisoners of christians which they had
+within the same, but also to procure that the holie crosse should be to
+them deliuered, with a thousand other christian prisoners, such as the
+christian princes should appoint out of those numbers which Saladine had
+in his custodie, and further, to giue them two hundred thousand Besans.
+And till these couenants were performed, it was agr&eacute;ed, that the
+Saracens, which were at that present left within the citie, should
+remaine as pledges, vnder condition, that if the same couenants were not
+performed within fortie daies, then should they stand at the mercie of
+the christian princes as touching life and lim.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The citie of Acres.</span>
+These things thus concluded, and the citie y&eacute;elded vp into the christian
+mens hands, the French king vpon enuie and malice conceiued against king
+Richard (although he pretended sicknesse for excuse) departed homewards,
+<span class="rightnote">The French K. returneth home.</span>
+setting from Acres the last day of Julie. Now then, after the departure
+of king Philip, when the day approched, in the which the Saracens should
+performe the couenants; or else stand to the iudgement of life and death
+at the pleasure of the christian princes: it was perceiued that the
+couenants would not be fulfilled according to the agr&eacute;ement. For
+Saladine, as it well appeared, ment not to performe that which for the
+safegard of his men he had vndertaken, and did but dallie with the
+christians to prolong the time: wherevpon sentence was giuen foorth,
+that for default in such behalfe, the Saracens remaining as pledges
+should loose their heads.</p>
+
+<p>Saladine hauing knowledge thereof, sent word to king Richard and to the
+whole christian armie, that if his people that were in the christian
+mens hands lost their heads, he would not faile but cause the heads of
+all those christians which he had in captiuitie to be cut off also.
+Notwithstanding which answer, on the fourteenth day of August king
+Richard issued foorth of the citie, passing the vttermost ditches, and
+incamped himselfe neere the armie of Saladine, who the same daie sent
+rich presents vnto king Richard, requiring of him a longer day for
+performance of the couenants, but that would not be granted. Wherefore
+<span class="rightnote">Saladine causeth the christian prisoners to be beheaded.</span>
+vpon the said deniall, Saladine caused all those christian prisoners
+which he had in his hands to be beheaded on the eight&eacute;enth day of
+August, on which day king Richard aduanced foorth towards the lodgings
+of the Saracens, and skirmished with them verie hotlie, so that manie
+were wounded and slaine on both parts: and amongst other one of king
+Richards companions at all exercises named Peter Mignot lost his life
+there. Furthermore, although king Richard knew that Saladine had put the
+christian prisoners to death in such wise as you haue heard, yet would
+not he preuent his terme appointed for the execution of the Saracens
+that were in his custodie, but abiding vnto the twentith day of August,
+he then caused those Saracens which fell to his lot, at the time of the
+surrender of Acres, being in number about 2600. to be brought foorth of
+the citie, and n&eacute;ere to the walles in the sight of Saladine and all his
+host they had their heads chopped off. The duke of Burgoigne caused
+execution to be doone within the citie vpon those which fell to the
+French kings share, the number of the which rose to two thousand and
+foure hundred, or thereabouts: for the whole number was reckoned to be
+about fiue thousand that thus lost their liues through the inconstancie
+of their prince: yet diuerse of
+<a name="Page_231" id="Page_231" ></a><span class="pagenum">[231]</span>
+the principall had their liues saued.
+The Saracens themselues also spake much euill of Saladine for this
+<span class="rightnote"><i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+matter, bicause that refusing to performe the articles of couenants, he
+had occasioned the enimie to slea those that had so valiantlie serued in
+defense of the citie, to the vttermost ieopardie of their liues. And
+heere is verified that knowne verse,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Quicquid delirant reges plectuntur Achiui.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i></span>
+But now to leaue forren matters, and to returne home into England: we
+find, that on the second of December, the monks of Canturburie chose to
+their archbishop Reignold bishop of Bath, who within fifteene daies
+after his election, departed this life, and lieth buried at Bath. Also
+this yeare, or (as Ger. Dor. saith) in the yeare following, the bishop
+<span class="rightnote">Strife betwixt y<sup>e</sup> archbishop of York and the bishop of
+Durham.</span>
+of Durham sought meanes to withdraw his subiection from the archbishop
+of Yorke, for which attempt the archbishop of Yorke, vpon trust of the
+popes grant, did not excommunicate the said bishop, notwithstanding that
+he appealed to the popes consistorie three seuerall times, putting his
+owne matter and his churches to be examined and tried by the pope, where
+vpon he obeied not the excommunication: and signifieng the cause vnto
+Rome, obteined such fauour, that the pope and his cardinals reuersed the
+sentence, and iudged the excommunication to be of none effect. And
+further they decreed, that if the archbishop of Yorke had broken the
+altars and chalices, as information was giuen, in which the bishop of
+Durham had celebrated after his appeale made to the court of Rome, that
+then should the said bishop of Durham be acquited from owing any
+subiection to the said archbishop for so long as they two should liue
+togither.</p>
+
+<p>True it is, that the archbishop had not onelie broken the altars and
+chalices which the bishop had vsed in d&eacute;ed for the celebration of masse,
+but also held his owne brother John earle of Mortaigne for
+excommunicate, bicause he had eat and dronke in companie of the said
+bishop, and would not communicate with him, till he came to receiue
+absolution, and to make satisfaction for his fault. In the end the
+bishops of Lincolne and Rochester, with the abbat of Peterburrow, were
+appointed by the pope to haue the hearing of this matter, as iudges
+authorised by his buls, who sat therevpon at Northampton, vpon S. Calixt
+his day, where after they had heard both parties argue what they could
+in either of their cases, they gaue a longer day, to wit, vntill the
+feast of the natiuitie of saint John Baptist next after, to see if by
+anie good means there might some agr&eacute;ement haue beene had betwixt them,
+or (if that could not be) that then the popes leters should stand in
+force as before, &amp; the helpes of either part saued, as though no delaie
+had b&eacute;ene vsed. And to this, both parties were agreeable, speciallie at
+the motion of the bishop of Lincolne.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Roger Lacie conestable of Chester.</span>
+This yeare also, Roger de Lacie conestable of Chester tooke Alan de Lec
+and Peter de Bouencort, and vpon despite hanged them, for that being put
+in trust amongst other with the k&eacute;eping of the castels of Notingham and
+Tickhill, which he had receiued into his custodie of the bishop of Elie
+quondam lord chancellour, they had consented to the treason of Robert de
+Crokeston, &amp; Eudo de Duuille, which deliuered the same castels vnto John
+earle of Mortaigne. The same earle of Mortaigne was highlie offended for
+the death of those two persons, and therefore wasted the lands of the
+said Roger which lay within the compasse of his iurisdiction.</p>
+
+<p>But now touching the departure of the French king from Acres, diuerse
+occasions are remembred by writers of the emulation and secret spite
+which he should beare towards king Richard, and beside other alreadie
+touched, one was for enterteining and rel&eacute;euing the earle of Champaigne
+in such bountifull wise in his necessitie, that he was readie to forsake
+the French kings seruice, and cleaue to king Richard. But howsoeuer it
+came to passe, partlie through enuie (as hath b&eacute;ene thought) conceiued
+at the great d&eacute;eds of king Richard, whose mightie power and valiantnesse
+he could not well abide, and partlie for other respects him moouing, he
+tooke the sea with thr&eacute;e gallies of the Geneuois, and returned into
+Italie, and so home into France, hauing promised first vnto king Richard
+at his departure out of the holie land, and after to pope Celestine at
+Rome, that he would
+<a name="Page_232" id="Page_232" ></a><span class="pagenum">[232]</span>
+not attempt any hurtfull enterprise against the
+English dominions, till king Richard should be returned foorth of the
+<span class="rightnote">The euill dealling &amp; breach of promise of the French king.</span>
+holie land. But this promise was not kept, for after that he was
+returned into France, he first sought to procure the foresaid erle John,
+king Richards brother, to rebell against him, promising him not onelie
+aid to reduce all his brothers dominions into his hands, but also to
+giue his sister Adela in marriage, whom king Richard vpon suspicion of
+vnchast liuing, had forsaken, as before ye haue heard. But when earle
+John was dissuaded by his mother, from accepting this offer (which
+otherwise as it is said he would willinglie haue receiued) king Philip
+still reteined a malicious rancor in his hart, and in reuenge of old
+displeasures, would haue attempted the warre against the subiects of
+king Richard, if his lords would haue ioined with him: but they
+considering what slander would redound hereby both to him and them for
+the iniurie doone to the christian common-welth, in making warre against
+him that was occupied in defense of the faith against the common enimies
+of christendome, would not giue their consent thereto, and so the matter
+rested, till king Richard was taken prisoner in Almaigne, and then what
+followed, it shall after appeare.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i> Enuious discord among the christians.</span>
+In the meane while, the christian armie atchiued some worthie
+enterprises in the holie land, though not manie, by reason of such
+enuious discord as reigned amongst the ch&eacute;efe gouernours. It chanced yet
+on the &eacute;eue of the Natiuitie of our ladie next after the departure of
+king Philip, as king Richard marched foorth towards Japh ancientlie
+called Joppa, that the Soldan Saladine taking aduantage of the place,
+<span class="rightnote">K. Richard discomfiteth the Saracens n&eacute;ere to Port Japh.</span>
+did set vpon the rereward of the christians: but his Saracens (after
+they had fought right fiercelie from noone till sunne setting) were so
+beaten backe at length, and repelled with such losse and disaduantage,
+that in 40. yeares before they had not susteined at one time greater
+damage. Amongst other of the christians slaine at that encounter, was
+one James Dauenes, a man of high prowesse and valiancie.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+Moreouer, king Richard wan diuerse townes and castels out of the enimies
+hands, as Ascalon, Darus, and diuerse other, and some he fortified, as
+Ascalon aforesaid, and Port Japh, otherwise called Joppa. There were
+sundrie encounters also betwixt the Saracens and christians, wherein
+king Richard and his people bare themselues so manfullie, that the
+victorie for the most part continuallie rested on their side. At one
+<span class="yearnote">1192.</span>
+time also, hearing of a great conueie of vittels, munitions, and other
+things which came from Babylon towards Jerusalem to furnish Saladine and
+his armie (which conueies they call carauannes) king Richard with a
+competent power of men met them on the waie, and distressed those that
+were attendant vpon the safegard of that carriage, being in number about
+two thousand horssemen, besides a great multitude of footmen, and
+therewith tooke the carriages with foure thousand and six hundred camels
+and dromedaries, besides an innumerable sort of mules, asses, and other
+beasts of burthen.</p>
+
+<p>&para; But to speake of all the worthie exploits atchiued by king Richard and
+his valiant capteins there in the holie land against the infidels, it
+would require a long treatise, and therefore here we passe them ouer.
+This is to be noted, that amongst other of whom we find honorable
+mention made by writers for their high valiancie shewed in those
+<span class="rightnote">The names of such noble men as were famous for their valiant
+dooings in this voiage.</span>
+exploits, these are named as cheefe, Robert earle of Leicester, Hubert
+bishop of Salisburie, with the earles of S. Paule and Dreux, beside
+diuerse other, as Hugh de Gourney, William de Borrez, Walcline de
+Ferrers, Roger de Toonie, James de Auenes, the bishop of Beauuois,
+William de Barres, William de Tarland, Drogo de Merlo, Robert de Nealle,
+Henrie Fitz Nicholas, Robert de Newburg, Rafe de S. Marie, Arnold de
+Bois, Henrie de Mailoc, William &amp; Saule de Bruil, Andrew de Chauignie,
+Henrie de Graie, Peter de Pratellis, Stephan de Turneham, Baldwin
+Carron, Clarenbald de Mount Chablon, Manser de Lisle, Richard de Orques
+and Theodorike Philip, Ferrike de Vienne, Gilbert Malemaine, Alexander
+d'Arsie, Stephan de Longchamp, Seguin de Barret, Roger de Glanuille,
+Raimond Fitz Prince, Bartholomew de Mortimer, Gerard Furniuall, Rafe de
+<span class="rightnote">De Poole ali&agrave;s de Stagno.</span>
+Malleon, Roger de Sacie, William de Poole, Hugh de Neuill, Henrie Teutch
+or (if ye will) Teutonicus
+<a name="Page_233" id="Page_233" ></a><span class="pagenum">[233]</span>
+the kings standardbearer, with diuerse
+others, as well Englishmen, Frenchmen, Normans, Poictouins, Aniouines,
+Britans, Gascoignes, as other nations, of whome partlie mention is
+alreadie made before in this booke, and partlie for breefenesse diuerse
+are omitted.</p>
+
+<p>But now to returne, sure it is, that king Richard meant to haue
+recouered the citie of Jerusalem, and all the holie land out of the
+Saracens hands, by the assistance of almightie God: if the doubt which
+he had of his brother the earle of Mortaigns practises, &amp; the French
+kings doings, which were brought to him with a greeuous report, had not
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Galf.&nbsp;Vinsaf.</i></span>
+reuoked him home. For diuerse messengers were sent dailie into the holie
+land, to aduertise him of such dangers as were like to insue, if by his
+speedie returne the same were not preuented. And first after Easter,
+there came to him the prior of Hereford with letters from the bishop of
+Elie, conteining a sore information against his brother earle John, for
+hauing expelled those whom he had appointed rulers ouer the realme of
+England, and altered the state of things there contrarie to the
+ordinances by him deuised afore his setting forward vpon his iournie (as
+before ye haue partlie heard.)</p>
+
+<p>Vpon receipt of which letters, he meant immediatlie at the first to haue
+returned, and to haue left behind him a conuenient power of men, to wit,
+thr&eacute;e hundred knights or men of armes, and two thousand chosen footmen,
+to abide vpon the defense of the holie land, with other christians at
+his costs and charges. But yet at length he was persuaded to tarrie,
+speciallie till things were set in some better staie, which were out of
+<span class="rightnote">The marques of Montferrato murthered by the Assassini.</span>
+order by the death of the marques of Montferrato, lord of Tire, whom two
+traitorous Saracens of the kind which they name Assassini had murthered.
+After whose death Henrie earle of Champaigne nephue to king Richard
+married his wife, and was made king of Jerusalem, Guido resigning to him
+his title, vnto whome as it were in recompense king Richard gaue the Ile
+of Cypres: although some write, that the knights Templers had bought it
+of him before. Thus king Richard remaining still in the holie land,
+shortlie after Whitsuntide, there came an other messenger to him, one
+John de Alanzon a clearke, bringing worsse newes out of England than the
+prior of Hereford had brought before, which in effect conteined, that
+<span class="rightnote">Earle John purposed to seize vpon the kingdom in his brothers
+absence.</span>
+his brother earle John was alied as a confederat with the French king,
+and meant through his setting on, to seize into his possession the whole
+realme of England, notwithstanding the persuasion of his mother qu&eacute;ene
+Elianor and other his fr&eacute;ends to the contrarie.</p>
+
+<p>Herevpon king Richard was fullie persuaded to returne home, but yet
+<span class="rightnote">William de Poicters K. Richards chapleine.</span>
+through the admonition of certeine persons, and namelie of one William
+de Poicters, a chapleine of his, he eftsoones altered his purpose, and
+so remained there, till at length through enuie and malice still
+increasing amongst the Christians, he perceiued how no good purpose go
+forward, since that which s&eacute;emed good to some, was misliked of other;
+and speciallie our writers put great blame in the French men, who either
+vpon disdaine or other displeasure would not be persuaded to follow
+their aduise, which were knowne best to vnderstand the state of things
+in those parties. And herevpon, when the armie was aduanced to
+Betenoble, a place not past foure leagues distant from Jerusalem,
+bicause their mind might not be fulfilled for the besieging of
+Jerusalem, which they had intended to take in hand (whereas the residue
+would rather that they shuld haue gone to besiege Babylon in Aegypt, and
+that vpon sundrie great respects) the Frenchmen raised their field, and
+returned againe to Acres in great despite, putting the rest of the armie
+also (so much as in them laie) in danger of vtter ruine and distresse.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;4.</span>
+Then king Richard and the other Christian capteins perceiuing how the
+matter inclined, and giuing ouer all hope of any more good successe,
+followed them. So that after they were thus returned to Acres, king
+Richard still doubting least his long absence from home might put him in
+danger of more losse here, than he saw hope of present gaine to be had
+there, in such diuersitie of humours and priuie malice which reigned
+among them, he determined fullie to depart homewards, with no lesse
+purpose to returne thither againe after he had setled things at home in
+such sure stay as was expedient for the suertie of
+<a name="Page_234" id="Page_234" ></a><span class="pagenum">[234]</span>
+his owne estate and
+quietnesse of his people. Herevpon being readie to enter into his ships
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i></span>
+at Acres [or as some haue, being on his iournie homewards in Cypres] he
+was aduertised that the Souldane Saladine had taken the town of Japh,
+slaine a great number of the christians within it, and besieged the
+residue within the castell, the which (constreined through feare) had
+compounded to y&eacute;eld, if within thr&eacute;e daies there came no succour.</p>
+
+<p>King Richard being hereof aduertised, and turning gr&eacute;ef into valiancie,
+with all sp&eacute;ed sailed backe vnto Japh, and landing there with his
+people, caused his enimies to forsake the towne: but anon assembling
+themselues againe togither, they turned once more to besiege it,
+wherevpon he issued foorth into the fields, and fought with them sundrie
+<span class="rightnote">K. Richard rescueth Port Japh.</span>
+daies togither, till finallie they were content to forsake their
+enterprise, and to depart thence for altogither. In these conflicts the
+valiant courage of King Richard, and the worthie manhood of his
+souldiers right well appeared: <span class="rightnote"><i>Rad.&nbsp;Niger.</i> <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+for he brought not with him at that time
+vnto Japh aboue 80 men of armes, and foure hundred other souldiers with
+crossebowes, and yet with that small handfull of men, and some aid of
+them that he found there in the castell, he did not onelie bid battell
+to the enimies, which were numbered to 62 thousand, but also put them to
+the woorsse, and caused them to flee backe, to their great shame and
+confusion.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Cephas. K. Richard fell sicke.</span>
+Thus Japh being deliuered out of the enimies hands, king Richard fell
+sicke at a castell called Cephas, and so remained there certeine daies,
+till he had recouered his health. In which meane time the Soldane
+Saladine seeming to lament his case, sent vnto him certeine of his
+councellors to common with him of peace, declaring that although he well
+vnderstood that king Richard ment shortlie to returne into his countrie,
+and that after his departure out of the east parts, he could with small
+adoo recouer all that the christians yet held within the holie land, he
+would neuerthelesse in respect of king Richards high prowes, and noble
+valliancie, grant a peace for a certeine time, so that not onelie
+Ascalon, but also all other such townes and places as the christians had
+fortified or woone since the conquest of Acres should be raced, as
+touching their walles, bulworks, gates, and other fortifications.</p>
+
+<p>King Richard (though he perceiued that this offer of peace tended vnto
+this point cheefelie, that Saladine would thereby adnihilate whatsoeuer
+the christian armie had doone in the holie land since his &amp; the French
+kings arriuall, so that by the said peace he should gaine more than by
+the edge of his sword) did somewhat staie at this offer and demand, as a
+thing greatlie dishonourable to the christians, to lose by treatie of
+peace so much or rather more than they got by force of warres (a meere
+token of faint and f&eacute;eble courage) yet considering that in such
+necessitie both of his departure from thence, and also of lacke of other
+succors to resist the puissance of the enimies, after his comming awaie,
+he iudged it best to take the offer at the enimies hands in auoiding of
+<span class="rightnote">A peace concluded betwixt the Christians &amp; Saracens.</span>
+some greater euill. Herevpon therefore was a peace concluded to endure
+for thr&eacute;e yeares, thr&eacute;e moneths, thr&eacute;e w&eacute;eks, thr&eacute;e daies, and three
+houres, to begin at Easter next insuing. And among other articles, it
+was couenanted, that the christians should haue fr&eacute;e passage to come and
+go vnto the citie of Jerusalem, to visit the holie sepulchre there,
+which was granted; so that amongst a great number of christians that
+<span class="rightnote">Hubert bishop of Salisburie.</span>
+presentlie vpon this conclusion went thither, Hubert bishop of
+Salisburie was one, who had continued about the king during the time of
+all his iournie till this time.</p>
+
+<p>King Richard hauing thus concluded with Saladine, tooke the sea, and
+comming againe into Cypres, sent his wife queene Berengaria with his
+sister Joane (late qu&eacute;ene of Sicile) into England by the long seas, but
+<span class="rightnote">K. Richard taketh his iornie homewards.</span>
+he himselfe not minding to lie long on the seas, determined to take his
+course into Grecia, and so by land to passe homewards with all speed
+possible. Howbeit yer he could atteine his purpose, his chance was to be
+driuen by tempest into the coast of Istria, not farre from Aquilia,
+where he stood in some doubt of his life. For if he had beene knowne and
+taken, they would surelie haue killed him,
+<a name="Page_235" id="Page_235" ></a><span class="pagenum">[235]</span>
+bicause of the slander that
+<span class="rightnote">K. Richard slandered for the death of y<sup>e</sup> marques of
+Montferrato.</span>
+went of him, as guiltie of the death of Conrade the marquesse of
+Montferrato, who ind&eacute;ed was slaine by two of the Assassini in the citie
+of Tyrus, whilest king Richard was in the holie land (as before y&eacute;e haue
+heard.)</p>
+
+<p>He therefore hauing here made shipwracke, and doubting to fall into the
+hands of any person in those parts that bare good will vnto the
+marquesse (against whome he had indeed shewed himselfe not fr&eacute;endlie in
+a quarrell betwixt the said marquesse and Guido king of Jerusalem) made
+the best shift he could to get away, yet knowledge being had of him, and
+<span class="rightnote"><i>W.&nbsp;Paruus.</i> Erle of Gorze Saltzburge.</span>
+serch made after him by one Meinard of Gorezein, he lost eight of his
+seruants, and so came to a towne within the bishoprike of Saltzburge
+called Frisake, where he was eftsoones in danger to haue beene taken
+againe by one Frederike de saint Soome, who notwithstanding tooke six of
+his men, but yet he himselfe with three other of his companie made shift
+<span class="rightnote">K. Richard commeth to Vienna.</span>
+to get away. Finallie comming to Vienna in Austrich, and there causing
+his seruants to prouide meat for him, more sumptuous and fine than was
+thought requisit for so meane a person as he counterfeited then to beare
+out in countenance, it was streightwaies suspected that he was some
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span>
+other maner of man than he pretended, and in fine, those that marked
+more diligentlie the maner of him, perceiued what he was, and gaue
+knowledge to the duke of Austrich named Leopold, being then in the citie
+of Vienna, what they had seene. His page that had the Dutch toong, going
+about the towne to change gold, and buy vittels, bewraied him, hauing by
+chance the kings gloues vnder his girdle: wherevpon comming to be
+examined for feare of tortures confessed the truth.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ra.&nbsp;Niger.</i></span>
+The duke streightwaies caused the house where he was lodged, to be set
+about with armed men, and sent other into the house to apprehend him. He
+being warie that he was descried, got him to his weapon: but they
+aduising him to be contented, and alledging the dukes commandement, he
+boldlie answered, "that sith he must be taken, he being a king, would
+y&eacute;eld himselfe to none of the companie but to the duke alone, and
+therefore if it would please him to come, he would y&eacute;eld himselfe into
+<span class="rightnote">K. Richard submitteth himselfe to the duke of Austrich.</span>
+his hands." The duke hearing of this, sp&eacute;edilie came vnto him, whom he
+meeting, deliuered vp his sword, and committed him vnto his custodie.
+The duke reioising of such a preie, brought him vnto his palace, and
+with gentle words enterteined him, though he meant no great good towards
+him, as well inough appeared in that he committed him to the keeping of
+certeine gentlemen, which without much courtesie looked streightlie
+inough to him for starting awaie, in somuch that they kept him in cold
+irons (as some authours doo write.) He was taken after the maner
+<span class="rightnote"><i>N.&nbsp;Triuet.</i></span>
+aforesaid in December vpon S. Thomas &eacute;eue, in the y&eacute;ere of our Lord
+1192. and in the fourth yeare of his reigne.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polychron.</i></span>
+The duke of Austrich owght the king no good will, bicause he had cast
+downe his ensignes pitcht vp in a turret at Acres, which he had woone at
+the verie time when that citie was deliuered by the Saracens: for while
+they were in tretie on the one side, the duke on the other, not knowing
+<span class="rightnote">The cause of the displeasure betwixt the duke of Austrich &amp;
+king Richard.</span>
+anie thing thereof, gaue the assault vnto that part of the towne which
+was appointed vnto him to besiege. And so being entred the towne, and
+perceiuing that by treatie it was to be deliuered, he retired into the
+turret which he had first woone and entred, and there set vp his
+standard and ensignes, which king Richard (as the Dutch writers affirme)
+comming thither, threw downe and trode vnder his f&eacute;et.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i></span>
+But Geruasius Dorobornensis declareth this matter somewhat otherwise, as
+thus. After that the said citie of Acres was rendred into the christian
+mens hands (saith he) diuerse lords tooke their lodgings as they thought
+good, and hanged foorth their ensignes. And as it chanced, the duke of
+Austrich placing himselfe in one of the fairest palaces of all the
+citie, put foorth his ensigne, whereof king Richard being warie, came
+thither with a companie of hardie souldiers about him, and threw downe
+the dukes ensigne, so displacing him out of that so pleasant and
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+beautifull a lodging. For this cause, and also surmizing that king
+Richard should be guiltie of the death of the marques Conrade, the duke
+of Austrich shewed such discourtesie towards him. But concerning the
+murther of
+<a name="Page_236" id="Page_236" ></a><span class="pagenum">[236]</span>
+the marques, the ch&eacute;efe gouernour of those Saracens called
+Assassini cleared king Richard by a letter written and directed vnto the
+duke of Austrich in manner as followeth.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<h3>A letter directed to the duke of Austrich, wherein king Richard is
+cleared of the death of the marquesse of Mountferrat, whereof he
+was vehementlie suspected.</h3>
+
+<p>Lvpoldo duci Austri&aelig;, Vetus de Monte salutem. C&ugrave;m plurimi reges &amp;
+principes vltra mare Richardum regem Angli&aelig; &amp; dominum de morte marchisi
+inculpent, iuro per dominum qui regnat in &aelig;ternum, &amp; per legem quam
+tenemus, qu&ograve;d in eius mortem nullam culpam habuit. Est siquidem causa
+mortis ipsius marchisi talis. Vnus ex fratribus nostris in vnam nauem de
+Satalei, ad partes nostras veniebat, &amp; tempestas illum fort&egrave; ad Tyrum
+appulit, &amp; marchisus fecit illum capere &amp; occidere, &amp; magnam pecuniam
+eius rapuit. Nos ver&ograve; marchiso nuncios nostros misimus, mandantes vt
+pecuniam fratris nostri nobis redderet, &amp; de morte fratris nostri
+nobiscum se concordaret, &amp; noluit.</p>
+
+<p>Nec non &amp; nuncios nostros spreuit, &amp; mortem fratris nostri super
+Reginaldum dominum de Sidonis posuit, &amp; nos tant&ugrave;m fecimus per amicos
+nostros, quod in veritate scimus, qu&ograve;d ille fecit illum occidere &amp;
+pecuniam rapere. Et iterum alium nuncium nostrum nomine Edrisum misimus
+ad eum, quem in mare mergere voluit, sed amici nostri illum &agrave; Tyro
+festinanter fecerunt recedere, qui ad nos peruenit, &amp; ista nobis
+nunciauit. Nos quoque ex illa hora marchisum desiderauimus occidere.
+T&uacute;ncque duos fratres misimus ad Tyrum, qui eum apert&egrave; &amp; fer&egrave; coram omni
+populo Tyri occiderunt.</p>
+
+<p>H&aelig;c erg&ograve; fuit causa mortis marchisi, &amp; ben&egrave; dicimus vobis in veritate,
+qu&ograve;d dominus Richardus rex Angli&aelig; in hac marchisi morte nullam culpam
+habuit. Et qui propter hoc domino regi Angli&aelig; malum fecerunt, iniust&egrave;
+fecerunt, &amp; sine causa. Sciatis pro certo, qu&ograve;d nullum hominem huius
+mundi pro mercede aliqua vel pecunia occidimus, nisi pri&ugrave;s nobis malum
+fecerit. Et sciatis qu&ograve;d has literas fecimus in domo nostra ad castellum
+nostrum Messiat in dimidio Septembri, anno ab Alexandro 1505.</p>
+
+
+<h3>The same in English.</h3>
+
+<p>Vetus de Monte to Lupold duke of Austrich sendeth greeting. Where manie
+kings and princes beyond the seas blame Richard king of England of the
+marques his death, I sweare by the lord that reigneth euerlastinglie,
+and by the law which we hold, that he was not in fault for his death.
+For the verie cause of the marques his death was such as followeth. One
+of our brethren in a ship of Satalie came towards our parties, and
+chanced by tempest to be driuen vnto Tyre, and the marques caused him to
+be taken and slaine and tooke a great portion of monie that he had in
+the ship with him. Whervpon we sent our messengers to the marques,
+commanding him to restore vnto vs the monie of our brother, and to
+compound with vs for our said brothers death, and he would not.</p>
+
+<p>Moreouer, he also contemned our messengers, &amp; laid the fault of our
+brothers death vpon Reginald lord of Sidon, and we did so much through
+our freends, that we got full vnderstanding that the marques himselfe
+caused him to be slaine, and tooke his monie. And therefore we sent vnto
+him againe an other messenger named Edrisus, whome he would haue drowned
+in the sea, but our freends made such shift, that they procured him to
+depart with speed from Tyre, who returned to vs, and signified these
+things to vs for certeine. And from that houre euer after we had a
+desire to slea the marques: and so
+<a name="Page_237" id="Page_237" ></a><span class="pagenum">[237]</span>
+then we sent two of our brethren
+vnto Tyre, who openlie, &amp; in a manner in presence of all the people of
+Tyre slue him.</p>
+
+<p>This therefore was the verie cause of the death of the marques: &amp; we say
+to you in good sooth, that the lord Richard king of England, in this
+death of the marques was nothing culpable: and they that haue doone anie
+displeasure vnto the king of England for this cause, they haue doone it
+wrongfullie, and without anie iust occasion. Know ye for certeine, that
+we do not vse to kill anie man of this world for anie bribe, or for
+monie, except he haue doone to vs some harme afore time. And know ye
+that we haue made these letters in our house at our castell of Messuat,
+in the midst of September, in the yeare from Alexander the great, 1505.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>&para; Thus we see how king Richard was cleared of that crime concerning the
+marques his death by the tenour of this letter. And verelie it is most
+like that king Richard would haue b&eacute;ene loth to haue communicated his
+purpose vnto such a wicked kind of pagans as the Assassini were, if he
+had pretended any such matter, but rather would haue sought his reuenge
+by some other meanes. Now therefore to our purpose.</p>
+
+<p>The newes of the taking of king Richard was anon bruted and blowne ouer
+all Germanie, wherevpon the emperour Henrie the sixt, the sonne of
+<span class="yearnote">1193.</span>
+Frederike the first, sent in all hast vnto the duke, persuading him to
+deliuer the king into his hands, being able to susteine and abide the
+malice of all them that would be offended with the taking and deteining
+of him prisoner, as the pope and others. The emperour well vnderstood
+the wealth and riches of England, and therefore hoped to make some good
+purchase by ransoming the king, if he might get him out of the dukes
+hands. The duke perceiuing also the emperours meaning, durst not well
+denie his request, and therefore he deliuered the king vnto them that
+<span class="rightnote">The king is deliuered to the emperor. <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+were sent from the emperour, who couenanted to giue vnto the said duke
+the summe of 6000. pounds of Cullen weight for the hauing of the said
+king. The emperour thus receiuing the king at the hands of the duke of
+Austrich, commanded that he should be committed to close prison, and
+would not doo so much as once speake with him. This he did, to cause the
+king vpon an indignation and wearinesse of that maner of life, to make
+speed in offering some large masse of monie for his libertie &amp;
+deliuerance. &para;&nbsp;Thus we s&eacute;e how couetousnesse infected the hearts of the
+mightie, and what occasion the emperour and duke did take, to inrich
+themselues by the meanes of the king, whome they forced not to
+impouerish, so their owne greedie worme were serued. But this hath b&eacute;ene
+a disease not so generall as ancient, according to his words that said,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ouid. lib. Fast. 1.</i></span>
+<span class="i0">Vix ego Saturno quenquam regnante videbam,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Cuius non animo dulcia lucra forent.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+Here is to be remembred by the waie, that about the same time, or
+somewhat before, in the yeare of our Lord 1192. the pope sent two legats
+<span class="rightnote">Two legats from y<sup>e</sup> pope.</span>
+(namelie, Octauian bishop of Hostia, and Jordane de Fossa noua) into
+Normandie, to reconcile the bishop of Elie and the archbishop of Rouen:
+but comming vnto Gisors, they were staied from entring any further into
+<span class="rightnote">Normandie interdicted.</span>
+the countrie, wherevpon they did interdict the whole duchie of
+Normandie, togither with William Fitz Radulfe lord steward of that
+countrie, bicause he was the man that had so staied them. Immediatlie
+herevpon, queene Elianor, and the archbishop of Rouen sent vnto those
+legats Hugh bishop of Durham, requiring them to release that sentence of
+interdiction so pronounced against the steward and countrie of Normandie
+in the kings absence, but they would not, except they might be receiued
+into Normandie: howbeit, the pope being sent vnto, released it, and
+caused the legats to release it also, and yet they entred not into
+Normandie at all.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The earle of Pieregort &amp; others wast the K. of Englands
+lands.</span>
+This yeare, whilest the seneschall of Gascoigne laie sicke, the earle of
+Pieregort, and the vicount of March, and almost all the lords and barons
+of Gascoigne, began to waste and destroie the lands of king Richard. And
+though the seneschall manie times by messengers required a peace, or at
+the least some truce, yet could he not haue any grant
+<a name="Page_238" id="Page_238" ></a><span class="pagenum">[238]</span>
+thereof: wherfore vpon his recouerie of health
+<span class="rightnote">The seneschal of Gascoigne reuengeth iniurie.</span>
+he inuaded the lands of the said earle,
+tooke the castels and fortresses and some of them he fortified, and kept
+to the kings vse, and some of them he raced downe to the ground. He also
+inuaded the vicounts countrie, and subdued it to the kings gouernement.
+Shortlie after came the brother of the
+<span class="rightnote">The king of Nauarres brother.</span>
+king of Nauarre, with eight
+hundred knights or men of armes to the seneschals aid, and so they two
+togither entring into the lands of the earle of Tholouse, tooke diuerse
+castels and fortresses within the same, of the which some they
+fortified, and some they raced, and rode euen to the gates of Tholouse,
+and lodged in maner vnder the walles of the citie.</p>
+
+<p>A little before Christmas also, diuerse of those that had b&eacute;ene in the
+holie land with king Richard, came home into England, not knowing but
+that king Richard had beene at home before them, and being asked where
+they thought he was become, they could say no more but that they had
+seene the ship wherein he first went aboord, arriuing at Brendize in
+Puglia. At length, when newes came that he was taken and staied as
+prisoner, the archbishop of Rouen and other the rulers of the realme of
+<span class="rightnote">The abbats of Boxley and Roberts-bridge.</span>
+England, sent the abbat of Boxeley and the abbat of Roberts-bridge with
+all sp&eacute;ed into Almaine to speake with him, and to vnderstand his state,
+and what his pleasure was in all things. Who comming to Germanie, passed
+through the countrie into Baierland, where at a place called Oxefer they
+found the king as then on his iournie towards the emperour, to whom (as
+y&eacute;e haue heard) the duke of Austrich did send him. The said abbats
+attended him to the emperours court, and remained there with him till
+the emperour and he were accorded, in manner as after shall be shewed:
+and then after Easter they returned with the newes into England.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i></span>
+Vpon report hereof order was taken for manie things, but cheefelie for
+the state: in which dealings, forsomuch as those which had the rule of
+the land stood in great doubt of things (for the inconstant nature of
+earle John was of them much suspected) first they caused a new oth of
+allegiance to be made to king Richard, and receiued of the people. They
+fortified also such townes and castels as were of importance, both with
+repairing the walles and other defenses about the same, and furnishing
+them with men, munition and vittels. Thus was the land brought into some
+order.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The French king counselleth K. John to vsurpe against his
+brother.</span>
+In the meane while, the French king being aduertised that king Richard
+was deteined as prisoner reioised not a little thereat, and with all
+speed by secret messages did send for his brother earle John, who was
+readie to come at his call. And being come, he exhorted him not to
+suffer so conuenient an occasion to passe, but to take the gouernement
+of the realme of England now into his hands, promising him all such aid
+as he could of him reasonablie require: with other like talke still
+tending to the prouocation of the earle to forsake his allegiance vnto
+his brother. And to say the truth, earle John was easilie persuaded so
+to doo, and therefore vpon his immediat returne into England, assembled
+an armie, and with the same (and such strangers as he brought with him)
+began to prooue maisteries, first winning the castels of Windsore,
+Wallingford, Notingham, and diuerse other, and fortifieng the same to
+his owne vse and defense.</p>
+
+<p>The barons of the land, iudging such vnlawfull doings not to be anie
+longer suffered, first besieged the castell of Windsore, and after
+preparing to leuie a greater force, did put them within in such feare,
+that they y&eacute;elded vp the same, s&eacute;eking to escape by flight, some into
+one place, and some into an other, the which yet being apprehended were
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i></span>
+put to worthie execution. But this was not doone without continuance of
+time, &amp; without great trouble &amp; charges to the realme: for whereas there
+was a practise betwixt the French king and earle John, that a great
+power of strangers, &amp; namelie Flemings should haue come into the realme
+(for whose transporting a great number of ships were brought togither at
+Witsand) yet the high prouidence and goodnesse of God disappointed their
+purpose. For their messengers being taken which were sent hither into
+England, the treason was reuealed, and by the queene mothers appointment
+(who cheefelie then ruled the land) a great companie of knights, men of
+armes, and commons of the countrie,
+<a name="Page_239" id="Page_239" ></a><span class="pagenum">[239]</span>
+watched the sea coasts ouer against
+Flanders, to keepe the enimies from landing. They began thus to watch in
+the passion w&eacute;eke, and so continued till a certeine time after Easter.
+Howbeit earle John came secr&eacute;etlie ouer, in hope to haue not onelie the
+assistance of the Welshmen and of manie other his freends in England,
+but also of the Scots, howbeit, the king of Scots would not meddle. He
+therefore with such Welshmen and other as he had brought ouer, and such
+Englishmen as he could get to take his part, began such attempts (as
+before ye haue heard) to the disquieting of the whole realme, and great
+displeasure of the king.</p>
+
+<p>Moreouer, beside that power of the barons which laid siege to Windsor
+castell, there were Noble men also in other parts of the realme that
+<span class="rightnote">The archbishop of Yorke. Hugh Bardolfe. William de
+Stuteuille.</span>
+were readie to resist him. And amongst other, Geffrey the archbishop of
+Yorke, with Hugh Bardolfe one of the kings iustices, and William de
+Stuteuille, assembled an armie, and comming to Doncaster, fortified<a name="FNanchor_6_9" id="FNanchor_6_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a> the
+towne: but when the archbishop would haue gone forward to besiege the
+castell of Tickhill, which earle John had in possession, the other two
+his associats would not consent to go with him, bicause they were
+seruants, and reteined with earle John. Herewith the archbishop being
+sore offended, departed from them, calling them traitors to their king,
+and enimies to the realme.</p>
+
+<p>About the same time did the French king enter into Normandie with an
+armie, &amp; comming to the towne of Gisors, besieged it, the which one
+Gilbert de Vascoll or Guascoill capteine thereof (to his high reproch)
+y&eacute;elded vp vnto him, with an other castell also called Nefle, which he
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i></span>
+had likewise in k&eacute;eping. After this, the French king entring into the
+countrie of Veuxine or Veulquessine, wan diuers towns and fortresses in
+the same, and passing forward, tooke Val de Rueil, and Neusburge, and
+<span class="rightnote">Rouen besieged. The earle of Leicester.
+</span>
+finallie comming before the citie of Rouen he laid siege thereto: but
+the earle of Leicester being gotten into the citie before the French
+kings comming thither, so incouraged the citizens, that they stoutlie
+standing to their defense, caused the French king to his great dishonour
+to raise his field, hauing lost there more than he wan. Yet to saue
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span>
+other townes and castels from taking, and the countrie from destruction,
+the rulers of the same procured a truce for a great summe of monie,
+which they couenanted to giue, deliuering vp foure notable castels by
+waie of engagement, till the summe agreed vpon should be to him
+contented and dulie paid.</p>
+
+<p>In the meane time, earle John as head of all the conspiratours,
+perceiuing himselfe not able to atchieue his purpose as then, nor to
+resist the lords and barons of the realme, being vp in armour against
+him, and now growen to greater stomach, bicause they vnderstood by the
+bishop of Salisburie latelie arriued, of the kings welfare, and hope of
+deliuerance; and furthermore, considering that he was disappointed both
+of Scots and Flemings as he had well hoped should haue come to his aid:
+he tooke a truce with the lords of the kings side, by the earnest
+<span class="rightnote">Michaelmas, saith <i>Ger.&nbsp;Dorob.</i></span>
+trauell of the bishop of Salisburie, till the feast of All saincts, so
+as the castels of Windsore, Wallingford, and the Peake, should remaine
+in the hands of his mother queene Elianor; but the castels of Notingham
+and Tickhill remained still in his owne possession, the which with such
+other castels as he held within the land, he furnished with garrisons of
+his owne men and freends, and then went againe ouer into France to the
+French king, to purchase some new aid at his hands according to his
+promise.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i></span>
+Here will we leaue earle John conferring with the French king, and
+returne to the king of England. Vpon Palmesundaie after that he was
+deliuered (or rather betraied) into the emperours hands, he was brought
+<span class="rightnote">The emperour chargeth king Richard with iniuries doone to the
+Sicilians.</span>
+before the princes and lords of the empire, in whose presence the
+emperour charged him with diuerse vnlawfull dooings: and namelie picked
+a quarell at him for the wrongs and hurts doone to the Sicilians in time
+of his soiourning in their Ile, as he went towards the holie land. For
+albeit the said emperour had nothing as then to doo in the countrie, yet
+for somuch as he had latelie recouered the Ile of Sicile out of king
+Tancreds hands, and was now intituled king thereof by the pope, in right
+of
+<a name="Page_240" id="Page_240" ></a><span class="pagenum">[240]</span>
+his wife Constance, the daughter of Roger king of Sicile, and so by
+reason therof seemed to be gr&eacute;euouslie offended with him for his dooings
+about the recouering of the monie from Tancred, which neuerthelesse was
+iustlie due vnto his sister for her dowrie, as in the processe afore I
+<span class="rightnote"><i>W.&nbsp;Paruus.</i> <i>Matth.&nbsp;West.</i> The kings wisdome in making his
+answere.</span>
+haue alreadie declared. King Richard notwithstanding these vaine and
+other friuolous obiections laid to his charge, made his answears alwaies
+so pithilie and directlie to all that could be laid against him, and
+excused himselfe in euerie point so not onelie greatlie commended him
+for the same, but from thencefoorth vsed him more courteouslie, and
+suffered that his fr&eacute;ends might haue accesse to him more fr&eacute;elie than
+before they could be permitted.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span>
+The pope also being aduertised of the taking of king Richard, was much
+offended, that anie Christian prince, hauing taken vpon him the defense
+of the Christian faith against the infidels, should be so vsed in his
+returne from so godlie an enterprise: and therefore sent both to the
+duke of Austrich, and to the emperour, requiring them to set him at
+libertie. But the emperour declared plainlie that he would be answered
+for such summes of monie as king Richard had taken out of Sicile before
+he would release him or set him at libertie.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Salisburie sent into England.</span>
+When king Richard perceiued that no excuses would serue, though neuer so
+iust, but that he must n&eacute;eds paie to his couetous host some great summe
+of monie for his hard interteinment, he sent the bishop of Salisburie
+into England, to take order with the barons of the realme to prouide for
+the paiment of his ransome, which bishop (as y&eacute;e haue heard) after the
+peace concluded with Saladine, went vnto Jerusalem to visit the holie
+sepulchre, and now comming into Sicile, as he returned homewards, had
+knowledge there how king Richard was taken prisoner in Austrich, and
+remained in the emperours hands: wherevpon he turned that waie foorth,
+and comming to him, was now sent into England with commission (as I haue
+said) to leauie monie for the kings ransome. He landed here the twentith
+day of Aprill, by whose comming the land was the sooner brought in
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i></span>
+quiet: for the agr&eacute;ement which earle John tooke (as before y&eacute;e haue
+heard) was cheefelie procured by his meanes. For till his comming, the
+castell of Windsore was not woone, the siege being but slackelie
+followed by the archbishop of Rouen, who had diuerse of his fr&eacute;ends
+within it, and therefore was not verie earnest against them.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i> The bishop of Elie commeth to the king.</span>
+When the bishop of Salisburie was departed towards England, the bishop
+of Elie came to the king and trauelled so earnestlie betwixt the
+emperour and him, that finallie the emperour (partlie through his suit,
+&amp; partlie for that he had beene verie much called vpon by the pope and
+other for his deliuerie) tooke order with him for the red&eacute;eming of his
+<span class="rightnote">The emperor agr&eacute;eth with king Richard for his ransome.
+<i>N.&nbsp;Triuet.</i> <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+libertie, and appointed what summe he should pay for his ransome, which
+(as some write) was two hundred thousand markes: other saie that it was
+but 140 thousand marks of the poise of Cullen weight. But William
+Paruus, who liued in those daies, affirmeth it was one hundred thousand
+pounds, and Roger Houeden saith an hundred thousand marks of Cullen
+poise, to be paid presentlie at the kings first comming into England,
+and fiftie thousand marks afterwards, that is to say, thirtie thousand
+to the emperour, and twentie thousand to the duke of Austrich, as it
+were in recompense of the iniurie done to him in the holie land; where
+king Richard ouerthrew his ensignes: and for the same to deliuer
+sufficient suerties.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i> Lands assigned to king Richard.</span>
+Moreouer, we find in Roger Houeden that the emperour amongst other the
+articles of this agr&eacute;ement thus concluded betwixt him and king Richard,
+gaue and granted, and by his letters patents confirmed vnto him these
+lands hereafter mentioned, that is to saie: Prouance with the citie of
+Vienne, and Viennois, the citie of Marseils, Narbon, Arles and Lion vpon
+the Rhone, with the countrie vp to the Alps, and all those possessions
+which belonged to the empire in Burgoine, with the homages of the king
+of Aragon and of the earle of S. Giles: wherein is to be noted, that
+with the precinct of the premisses thus granted to king Richard, fiue
+archbishops s&eacute;es, and thirtie three bishops s&eacute;es are included. Howbeit
+the truth is, that the emperour neuer had possession of these countries,
+cities,
+<a name="Page_241" id="Page_241" ></a><span class="pagenum">[241]</span>
+and towns himselfe, neither would the inhabitants receiue any
+person so by him appointed to their lord and gouernour, wherefore the
+king made small account of that his so large grant. But after he once
+vnderstood the certeintie of the summe that he should paie for his
+ransome (which businesse he most attended) he sent one with letters by
+and by and in great hast into England to his treasurers, requiring them
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span>
+with all conuenient sp&eacute;ed to prouide monie, and to send it to him by a
+day, that he might be set at libertie with sp&eacute;ed.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i><br />
+Order taken for leuieng monie to paie the kings ransome.</span>
+These letters being come to the qu&eacute;ene mother, and other that had charge
+in gouernance of the realme, tooke order that all maner of persons as
+well spirituall as temporall, should giue the fourth part of their whole
+reuenues to them for that yeare accrewing, and as much more of their
+mooueable goods, and that of euerie knights f&eacute;e there should be leuied
+the sum of twentie shillings. Also that the religious houses of the
+orders of the Cisteaux and Sempringham should giue all their wools for
+that yeare towards the kings ransome.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The hard dealing of officers in the collection.</span>
+Now those that had commission to leuie this monie, being poisoned with
+couetousnesse, and incensed with a gr&eacute;edie desire (than the which as the
+poet saith,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; nulla est hac maior Erinnys,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hanc memorant Acheronte satam, per tristia Ditis<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Regna truces agitare faces, &amp;c.)<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="nogap">vsed much streightnesse in exacting it, not onelie leuieng it to the
+vttermost value and extent of mens lands, goods, and possessions, but
+after their owne willes and pleasures: so that vnder colour of the kings
+commission, and letters to them directed, there s&eacute;emed not a tribute or
+subsidie to be raised, but by some publike proclamation all the goods
+and substance of the people to be appointed as a prey to the kings
+officers, whereby it came to passe, that not onelie priuate mens goods,
+<span class="rightnote">Church iewels.</span>
+but also the chalices, iewels, and vessels belonging to the church were
+turned into monie, and a farre greater summe made than was at the first
+commanded, a great part of the ouerplus being conuerted to the vse of
+those, through whose hands the receipt passed. There was no priuilege
+nor freedome allowed to exempt any person or place for being
+contributorie towards the paiment of this monie. The order of Cisteaux
+that were neuer charged with any paiment before, were now assessed more
+d&eacute;epelie than the rest.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Norwich.</span>
+The bishop of Norwich lamenting the iniurious dealings of the pettie
+officers, and pittieng the people of the church, collected halfe the
+value of all the chalices within his diocesse himselfe, and to make vp
+the other halfe of the whole summe, he spared not to giue a great
+<span class="rightnote">The abbat of saint Albons.</span>
+portion of his owne treasure. The abbat of S. Albons acquitted all those
+churches within the compasse of his iurisdiction, by the gift of an
+hundred marks. But the
+<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Chester.</span>
+bishop of Chester had verie ill lucke with his
+collections; for hauing gathered a great summe of monie to the kings
+vse, he was spoiled thereof in one night, as he lodged neere vnto
+Canturburie, being vpon his iournie towards the king. And bicause
+<span class="rightnote">Matthew de Cl&eacute;ere.</span>
+Matthew de Cl&eacute;ere that laie in the castell of Douer was knowne to aid
+those that robbed the said bishop, the archbishop of Canturburie
+pronounced him accurssed.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i> The bishop of Elie.</span>
+About this time, and on the morrow after the natiuitie of saint John
+Baptist, the bishop of Elie lord chancellour arriued in England, not
+shewing himselfe in any statelie port (for he tooke vpon him neither the
+dignitie of chancellour nor legat, nor yet of iustice) but onelie as a
+simple bishop and messenger sent from the king. The qu&eacute;ene mother, the
+archbishop of Rouen, and such other as had gouernment of the land,
+hearing of his comming, met him at saint Albons, where he shewed to them
+the emperours letters, conteining the agreement made betwixt him and
+king Richard, and withall appointed certeine lords &amp; barons to go with
+him at his returne backe to the king, as Gilbert bishop of Rochester,
+Sifrid bishop of Chichester, Bennet abbat of Peterborow, Richard earle
+of Clare, Roger Bigot earle of Norfolke, Geffrey de Saie, and diuerse
+other. It was also ordeined at this same time, that the monie gathered
+towards the paiment of the kings ransome should remaine in custodie of
+Hubert bishop of Salisburie, Richard bishop of
+<a name="Page_242" id="Page_242" ></a><span class="pagenum">[242]</span>
+London, William earle of
+Arundell, Hameline earle of Warren, and of the Maior of London, vnder
+the seales of the qu&eacute;ene mother, and of the archbishop of Rouen.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;5.</span>
+&para; But s&eacute;e the hap of things, whilest ech one was thus occupied about the
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i></span>
+aforesaid monie; it chanced that king Richard was at the point to haue
+b&eacute;ene deliuered into the hands of his deadlie aduersarie the French
+king, as hereafter you shall heare, noting by the waie the dangerous
+estate of princes, the manifold distresses whereinto by sinister fate
+(as well as the inferior &amp; rascall rout of common drudges) they be
+driuen. For what greater calamitie, what gr&eacute;euouser hartach, what more
+miserable casualtie could haue happened vnto a bondman, than to be
+deliuered to and fro from the hand of one enimie to another, to be
+bought and sold for monie, to stand to the courtesies of forren foes, of
+a king to become a captiue? whervnto the poet did right well allude,
+when he said,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Hor. lib. car. 1. ode 10.</i></span>
+<span class="i0">S&aelig;pius ventis agitatur ingens<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Pinus, &amp; cels&aelig; grauiore casu<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Decidunt turres, feri&uacute;ntq; summos<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Fulmina montes.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The emperour vpon displeasure conceiued against the bishop of Liege,
+which latelie had atteined to that benefice contrarie to the emperours
+<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Liege murthered.</span>
+pleasure, who wished the same rather to an other person, hired certeine
+naughtie fellowes to go into France, where the bishop remained for feare
+of the emperours malice, and there to find meanes traitorouslie to slea
+him, which they accordinglie did, by reason whereof the duke of Louaigne
+that was brother to the bishop, and other of his kinsmen, vpon knowledge
+had thereof, meant to haue made the emperour warre, in reuenge of that
+murther: insomuch that the emperour, to haue the French kings aid
+against them, was minded to haue deliuered K. Richard vnto him.</p>
+
+<p>Howbeit after that the matter was taken vp, and a concord made betwixt
+the emperour and his nobles, he changed his purpose also touching the
+deliuering ouer of king Richard, who perceiuing that till his ransome
+were paid (which would amount to the summe of an hundred &amp; fiftie
+thousand marks) he should not get libertie: and putting great confidence
+in the dexteritie and diligence of Hubert bishop of Salisburie (whome he
+sent as ye haue heard into England to deale for the leuieng of the same)
+he thought good to aduance the same bishop to the metropolitane s&eacute;e of
+Canturburie, which had beene vacant euer sithence the decease of
+archbishop Baldwine, that died (as ye haue heard) in the holie land.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i></span>
+Herevpon writing to the bishops of the realme, and to the moonks of
+Canturburie, he required them to proc&eacute;ed to the election of an
+archbishop for that see, and withall commended vnto them the foresaid
+Hubert, as a man most sufficient and m&eacute;et for that roome. He wrote
+<span class="rightnote">Hubert bishop of Salisburie elected archbishop of
+C&#257;turburie.</span>
+likewise to the queene to further that matter, and easilie hereby
+obteined his desire. For shortlie after, the same Hubert was elected by
+the bishops and moonks, which assembled togither for that purpose. He
+was the 41 archbishop that gouerned that see: for although Reginold
+bishop of Bath was elected before him, yet bicause he died yer he was
+installed, he is not put in the number.</p>
+
+<p>The king being now put in good hope of his sp&eacute;edie deliuerance, sent
+into England, willing his mother qu&eacute;ene Elianor, the archbishop of Rouen
+and others, to come ouer vnto him into Almaine, and in the meane time he
+<span class="rightnote">Hubert archbishop of C&#257;turburie, lord ch&eacute;efe iustice.</span>
+ordeined Hubert the archbishop of Canturburie to remaine at home as lord
+cheefe iustice. After this, the emperour with the aduice of the princes
+of the empire, assigned a day to king Richard, in which he should be
+deliuered out of captiuitie, which was the mondaie next after the
+twentith day of Christmasse. Wherevpon king Richard wrote vnto Hubert
+archbishop of Canturburie in forme as followeth.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243" ></a><span class="pagenum">[243]</span></p>
+<div class="blockquot"><h3>The tenour of king Richards letters to the said archbishop.</h3>
+
+<p>Richardus Dei gratia rex Angli&aelig;, &amp; dux Normani&aelig; &amp; Aquitani&aelig;, &amp; comes
+Andigaui&aelig;, venerabili patri nostro in Christo, &amp; amico charissimo
+Huberto eadem gratia Cantuariensi archiepiscopo salutem &amp; sincer&aelig;
+dilectionis plenitudinem. Quoniam certiores sumus, qu&ograve;d liberationem
+nostram plurim&ugrave;m desideratis, &amp; qu&ograve;d liberatio nostra admodum vos
+l&aelig;tificat, scripto volumus qu&ograve;d l&aelig;titiae nostr&aelig; participes sitis. Inde
+est qu&ograve;d dilectioni vestr&aelig; dignum duximus significare, dominum
+imperatorem certum diem liberationis nostr&aelig; nobis praefixisse, in die
+lun&aelig; proxima post vicessimum diem natiuitatis Domini, &amp; die dominica
+proxima sequenti coronabimur de regno prouinci&aelig;, quod nobis dedit. Vnde
+mittimus in Angliam literas domini imperatoris super hijs patentes,
+vobis &amp; c&aelig;teris amicis nostris beneuolis. Vos autem interim pro omni
+posse vestro quos scitis nos diligere, consolari velitis, &amp; quos scitis
+promotionem nostram desiderare. Teste meipso apud Spiram 22. die
+Septembris.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>The emperour also signified by his letters to the lords of England his
+resolute determination in this matter, as followeth.</p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><h3>The tenour of the emperours letters to the States of England
+touching king Richard, and the day of his deliuerance, &amp;c.</h3>
+
+<p>Henricus Dei gratia Romanorum imperator, &amp; semper Augustus, dilectis
+suis archiep. episcopis, comitibus, baronibus, militibus, &amp; vniuersis
+alijs fidelibus Richardi illustris regis Anglorum gratiam suam &amp; omne
+bonum. Vniuersitati vestr&aelig; duximus intimandum, qu&ograve;d dilecto amico nostro
+Richardo illustri regi Anglorum domino vestro certum diem liberationis
+su&aelig; statuimus, &agrave; secunda feria post diem natiuitatis domini in tres
+septimanas apud Spiram siue apud Berenatiam, &amp; inde in septem dies
+posuimus ei diem coronationis su&aelig; de regno Prouinci&aelig;, quod ei
+promisimus: &amp; hoc certum habeatis, &amp; indubitatum, nostri siquidem
+propositi est, &amp; voluntatis, pr&aelig;fatum dominum vestrum specialem
+promouere sicut amicum nostrum, &amp; magnificenti&ugrave;s honorare. Datum apud
+Theallusam vigilia beati Thom&aelig; Apostoli.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Before this king Richard had sent the bishop of Elie into France vnto
+his brother earle John, who preuailed so much with him, that he returned
+into Normandie, and there sware fealtie vnto his brother king Richard,
+and so was contented to forsake the French king. But whereas king
+Richard commanded that all such castels and honours as he had giuen to
+him afore time, should now be restored to him againe, as well those in
+England, as the other on the further side the sea: such as had the same
+castels in k&eacute;eping would not obeie the kings commandement herein,
+<span class="rightnote">The kings commandement not obeied.</span>
+refusing to make restitution of those places, according to the tenour &amp;
+purport of the kings writ, vnto the said earle of Mortaigne, by reason
+of which refusall, he returned againe to the French king, and stucke to
+him. Herevpon the French king gaue vnto him the castels of Dreincourt,
+and Arques, the which ought to haue b&eacute;ene deliuered vnto the archbishop
+of Reimes as in pledge, who had trauelled as a meane betwixt the French
+king to whom he was vncle, and the king of England to whom he was
+cousine, procuring a meeting for agreement to be had betwixt them at a
+certeine place betwixt Vaucolur and Tulle in the borders of Lorraine.
+But notwithstanding all that he could doo, matters were so farre out of
+frame, and such
+<a name="Page_244" id="Page_244" ></a><span class="pagenum">[244]</span>
+mistrust was entred into the minds of the parties, that
+no conclusion held. So that all the hope which king Richard had, was by
+paiment of his ransome to red&eacute;eme his libertie, and then to shift with
+things as he might. And so finallie when the monie was once readie, or
+<span class="yearnote">1194.</span>
+rather a sufficient portion thereof, the same was conueied ouer into
+Germanie, and paiment made to the emperour of the more part of the kings
+ransome, and sufficient pledges left with him for the rest, as the
+archbishop of Rouen, the bishop of Bath [Baldwin Wac] and other which
+were of late come out of England to see and salute the king.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i> King Richard released out of captiuitie.</span>
+Herevpon king Richard, after he had beene prisoner one yeare, six
+weekes, and thr&eacute;e daies, was set at libertie on Candlemasse day (as most
+writers agr&eacute;e) and then with long and hastie iournies, not k&eacute;eping the
+high waies, he hasted foorth towards England. It is reported that if he
+had lingred by the way, he had b&eacute;ene eftsoones apprehended. For the
+emperour being incensed against him by ambassadors that came from the
+French king, immediatlie after he was set forward, began to repent
+himselfe in that he had suffered him so soon to depart from him, and
+herevpon sent men after him with all speed to bring him backe if they
+could by any meanes ouertake him, meaning as then to haue kept him in
+perpetuall prison.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i> The offers of the French K. and erle John to haue
+the K. of England kept still in prison.</span>
+Some write that those ambassadours sent from the French king, with other
+from earle John, came to the emperor before king Richard was deliuered,
+offering in the French kings name fiftie thousand marks of siluer, and
+in the name of earle John thirtie thousand, vpon condition that K.
+Richard might remaine still in captiuitie vntill the feast of S.
+Michaell next insuing; or else if it might so please him, he should
+receiue a thousand pounds of siluer for euerie moneth, whilest king
+Richard should be deteined in his prison, or otherwise fiftie thousand
+marks of siluer more than the first offer, at one entire paiment, if he
+would deliuer him into their hands, or at the leastwise to k&eacute;epe him
+prisoner by the terme of one whole yeare.</p>
+
+<p>The emperour hearing of such large offers, and yet hoping for more,
+contrarie to his promise and letters patents therefore granted, proroged
+the day in which king Richard should haue b&eacute;ene set at libertie, till
+Candlemasse after, at which daie he was brought from Haguenaw vnto
+Spiers, where the emperour had called a councell to intreat further of
+the matter touching his redemption. Here the emperour shewed the letters
+which he had receiued from the French king and earle John vnto king
+Richard, who vpon sight and perusing of the same, was maruellouslie
+amazed, and began to despaire of all speedie deliuerance.</p>
+
+<p>Ind&eacute;ed the emperour sought delaies vpon a couetous desire of the monie
+offered by the French king and earle John, but yet such princes and
+<span class="rightnote">The princes that had vndertaken for the emperor to performe
+the couenants.</span>
+great lords as had vndertaken for the emperour, that the couenants and
+articles on his part agr&eacute;ed vpon in the accord passed betwixt him and
+king Richard, should be in ech behalfe performed [that is to saie, the
+archbishops of Ments, Cullen, and Saltzburge, the bishops of Wormes,
+Spiers, and Liege, the dukes of Suaben, Austrich, &amp; Louain, the
+Palsgraue of the Rhine, and others] came to the emperour, and reproouing
+him for his couetous mind, in that he deferred the restoring of king
+Richard to his libertie, contrarie to the composition, did so much
+preuaile, that the emperour receiuing pledges for the paiment of the
+monie yet behind (as before ye haue heard) released king Richard out of
+captiuitie on the second or (as Roger Houeden saith) the fourth day of
+Februarie, being a dismall day and an infortunate (as they note them in
+<span class="rightnote">Robert de Nouant.</span>
+kalendars.) And where the king would haue left Robert de Nouant the
+bishop of Couentries brother for a pledge amongst the other, he refused
+to be one of the number, alledging that he was seruant to earle John.
+King Richard greeuouslie offended herewith, commanded that he should be
+apprehended, and committed to prison, &amp; so he was. This Robert was one
+of those that came with the letters from the French king and earle John
+to the emperour, about the staieng of king Richards deliuerance.</p>
+
+<p>
+<a name="Page_245" id="Page_245" ></a><span class="pagenum">[245]</span>
+Furthermore, king Richard the same day in which he was restored to
+libertie, summoned by his letters Hugh Nouant bishop of Couentrie, to
+appeare in his court, to answer such things as were to be obiected
+against him, both before spirituall iudges in that he was a bishop, and
+also before temporall in that he had holden and exercised a temporall
+office. On the verie same day also the emperour and the princes of the
+empire, sent letters vnder their hands and seales to the French king,
+and to John erle of Mortaigne, commanding them immediatlie vpon sight of
+the same letters, to restore vnto king Richard all those castels,
+cities, townes, lands, and other things, which they had taken from him
+during the time of his remaining in captiuitie, and if they refused thus
+to doo, then they gaue them to vnderstand by the same letters, that they
+would aid king Richard to recouer that by force, which had beene
+wrongfullie taken from him.</p>
+
+<p>Moreouer king Richard gaue and by his deed confirmed vnto sundrie
+<span class="rightnote">Y&eacute;erelie pensions giuen by the king to certeine princes of
+the empire.</span>
+princes of the empire for their homage and fealtie, certeine yearelie
+pensions, as to the archbishop of Ments and Cullen, to the bishop of
+Liege, to the dukes of Austrich and Louaine, to the marquesse of
+Mountferrat, to the duke of Meglenburge,
+<span class="rightnote">Memburge.</span>
+to the duke of Suaben the
+emperors brother, to the earle of Bins, to the earle of Holland, and to
+the sonne of the earle of Henault, of all the which, and other mo, he
+receiued homage, or rather had their promise by oth to aid him against
+the French king, which French king, now that he sawe no hope nor
+likelihood remaining to bring the emperour to the bent of his bowe for
+the deteining of K. Richard still in captiuitie, raised a power
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i> The French king inuadeth Normandie.</span>
+foorthwith, &amp; entring into Normandie (the truce notwithstanding) tooke
+the towne of Eureux, with diuerse other fortresses thereabouts, and
+after he had doone misch&eacute;efe inough, as it were wearied with<a name="FNanchor_6_10" id="FNanchor_6_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> euill
+dooing, he granted eftsoones to stand to the truce, and so returned
+home.</p>
+
+<p>Finallie after king Richard had dispatched his businesse with the
+emperour, and the princes of Almaigne, he set forward on his iournie
+towards England, and hauing the emperours passeport, came to Cullen,
+where he was ioifullie receiued of the archbishop, the which archbishop
+attended on him till he came to Antwerpe, where king Richard tooke the
+water in a gallie that belonged to Alane de Trenchmere, but in the night
+he went into a ship of Rie, being a verie faire vessell, and so laie
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+aboord in hir all the night, and in the morning returned to the gallie,
+and so sailed about the coast, till he came to the hauen of Swin in
+Flanders, and there staieng fiue daies, on the six day he set foorth
+<span class="rightnote">He landed the 20. of March being sundaie as <i>R. Houeden</i><a name="FNanchor_6_11" id="FNanchor_6_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a> and
+<i>Rafe de Diceto</i> write.</span>
+againe, and at length in good safetie landed at Sandwich the twelfe daie
+of March, and the morrow after came to Canturburie where he was receiued
+with procession, as Ger. Dor. saith. From thence he went to Rochester,
+and on the Wednesday being the sixteenth of March, he came vnto London,
+where he was receiued with great ioy and gladnesse of the people, giuing
+heartie thanks to almightie GOD for his safe returne and deliuerance.</p>
+
+<p>&para; It is recorded by writers, that when such lords of Almaine as came
+ouer with him, saw the great riches which the Londoners shewed in that
+triumphant receiuing of their souereigne lord and king, they maruelled
+greatlie thereat, insomuch that one of them said vnto him; "Surelie oh
+king, your people are wise and subtile, which do nothing doubt to shew
+the beautifull shine of their riches now that they haue receiued you
+home, whereas before they seemed to bewaile their need and pouertie,
+whilest you remained in captiuitie. For verelie if the emperour had
+vnderstood that the riches of the realme had bin such, neither would he
+haue beene persuaded that England could haue b&eacute;ene made bare of wealth,
+neither yet should you so lightlie haue escaped his hands without the
+paiment of a more huge and intollerable ransome."</p>
+
+<p>The same yeare that king Richard was taken (as before is mentioned) by
+the duke of Austrich, one night in the moneth of Januarie about the
+first watch of the same night, the northwest side of the element
+appeared of such a ruddie colour as though it had burned, without any
+clouds or other darknesse to couer it, so that the stars shined through
+that rednesse, and might be verie well discerned. Diuerse bright strakes
+appeared to
+<a name="Page_246" id="Page_246" ></a><span class="pagenum">[246]</span>
+flash vpwards now and then, diuiding the rednesse, thorough
+the which the stars s&eacute;emed to be of a bright sanguine colour. In
+Februarie next insuing, one night after midnight the like woonder was
+s&eacute;ene, and shortlie after newes came that the king was taken in
+Almaigne.</p>
+
+<p>On the second daie of Nouember also a little before the breake of the
+daie, the like thing appeared againe with lesse feare and woonder to the
+people (than before) being now better accustomed to the like sight
+againe. And now the same daie and selfe houre that the king arriued at
+Sandwich, being the second houre of that daie, whilest the sunne shone
+verie bright and cleare, there appeared a most brightsome and
+vnaccustomed clearnesse, not farre distant from the sunne, as it were to
+the length and breadth of a mans personage, hauing a red shining
+brightnesse withall, like to the rainbow, which strange sight when manie
+beheld, there were that prognosticated the king alreadie to be arriued.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i> Diuerse sieges held at one time.</span>
+In this meane while the bishop of Durham with a great armie besieged the
+castell of Tickhill; and earle Dauid brother to the king of Scots, with
+Ranulfe earle of Chester, and earle Ferrers, besieged the castell of
+Notingham, whilest at the same present the archbishop of Canturburie
+with a great power besieged Marleburgh castell, the which within a few
+daies was rendred into his hands, the liues and lims of them within
+saued. Also the castell of Lancaster was deliuered to him, the which the
+same archbishops brother had in k&eacute;eping vnder earle John, and likewise
+<span class="rightnote">S. Michaels mount.</span>
+the abbeie of S. Michaels mount in Cornwall, the which abbeie Henrie de
+la Pomerey chasing out the moonks, had fortified against the king, and
+hearing newes of the kings returne home, died (as it was thought) for
+m&eacute;ere gr&eacute;efe and feare. These three places were surrendered to the
+archbishop before the kings returne, but Tickhill &amp; Notingham held out.</p>
+
+<p>King Richard being returned into England, and vnderstanding both how the
+French king made warre against him in Normandie, and that the state of
+England was not a little disquieted, by the practise of his brother
+earle John and his complices, speciallie by reason that diuerse castels
+were defended by such as he had placed in them, he thought good with all
+speed to cut off such occasions as might br&eacute;ed a<a name="FNanchor_6_12" id="FNanchor_6_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a> further misch&eacute;efe.
+<span class="rightnote">The king goeth to Notingham and winneth the castel.
+<i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+Wherevpon he first went to Notingham, and within thr&eacute;e daies after his
+comming thither (which was on the daie of the Annunciation of our ladie)
+he constreined them that kept the castell there in his brothers name, to
+yeeld themselues simplie vnto his mercie, after they had abidden diuerse
+assaults, by the which euen the first daie the vtter gates were burnt,
+and certeine defenses destroied, which they had made before the same.</p>
+
+<p>The cheefe of them that were within this castell to defend it were
+these, William de Vendeuall conestable there, Roger de Mountbegun, Rafe
+Murdach, Philip de Worceter and Ranulfe de Worceter, brethren. The morow
+after the surrender was made, the king went to Clipstone, and rode into
+<span class="rightnote">The forest of Shirewood.</span>
+the forrest of Shirewood, where he had neuer b&eacute;ene before, the view
+whereof pleased him greatlie. The castell of Tickhill was likewise at
+the same time y&eacute;elded vnto the bishop of Durham, who receiued it to the
+kings vse, and them that kept it as prisoners, without anie composition,
+but standing simplie to the K. mercie. For although those that had these
+castels in keeping, were sufficientlie prouided of all necessarie things
+for defense, yet the sudden comming of the king (whom they thought
+verelie would neuer haue returned) put them in such feare, that they
+wist not what to make of the matter, and so (as men amazed) they y&eacute;elded
+without anie further exception. The bishop of Durham bringing those
+<span class="rightnote">The castel of Tickhill y&eacute;elded. <i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+prisoners with him which had y&eacute;elded vp this castell of Tickhill, came
+to the king the 27 daie of March, the verie daie before that Notingham
+castell was giuen ouer.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Strife betwixt y<sup>e</sup> archbishops for carieng of their crosses.</span>
+Moreouer, this is to be remembred, that during the siege of Notingham,
+contention arose betwixt the two archbishops of Canturburie and Yorke,
+about the carriage of their crosses. For Hubert archbishop of
+Canturburie comming thither, had his crosse borne before him; the
+archbishop of Yorke (hauing no crosse there at all) was verie sore
+offended, that anie other should go with crosse borne before him in his
+diocesse, and therfore complained
+<a name="Page_247" id="Page_247" ></a><span class="pagenum">[247]</span>
+hereof to the king. But the
+archbishop of Canturburie mainteined that he had not doone anie thing
+but that which was lawfull for him to doo, and therevpon made his
+appeale to Rome, that the pope might haue the hearing and iudging of
+that controuersie betwixt them.</p>
+
+<p>In the meane time, after the king had got the castells of Notingham and
+Tickhill into his hands (as ye haue heard) he called a parlement at
+Notingham, where the qu&eacute;ene mother sat on the right hand of him, and the
+archbishops of Canturburie &amp; Yorke on the left, with other bishops,
+earles and barons according to their places. On the first daie of their
+<span class="rightnote">Officers discharged.</span>
+session was Gerard de Camuille discharged of the office which he had
+borne of shiriffe of Lincolne, and dispossessed both of the castell &amp;
+countie. And so likewise was Hugh Bardolfe of the castell and countie of
+Yorke, and of the castell of Scarbourgh, and of the custodie and k&eacute;eping
+<span class="rightnote">Lieutenantships set on sale.</span>
+of the countrie of Westmerland, the which offices being now in the kings
+hands, he set them on sale to him that would giue most. Hereof it came
+to passe, that where the lord chancellour offered to giue fift&eacute;ene
+hundred markes before hand, for the counties of Yorke, Lincolne and
+Northampton, and an hundred markes of increase of rent for euerie of the
+<span class="rightnote">The archbishop of Yorks offer.</span>
+same counties, Geffrey archbishop of Yorke offered to the king thr&eacute;e
+thousand markes aforehand, onelie for the countie of Yorke, and an
+hundred markes yearelie of increase, and so had the same committed to
+his regiment.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Chester.</span>
+Moreouer in this parlement, the king demanded iudgement against his
+brother John, and Hugh Nouant the bishop of Couentrie and Chester, for
+such traitorous and most disloiall attempts as they had made against him
+and his countries, and iudgement was giuen that both the said earle and
+bishop should haue summons giuen them peremptorilie to appeare, and if
+within fortie daies after, they came not to answer such plaints as might
+be laid against them, then should earle John forfeit all that he had
+within the realme, and the bishop should stand to the iudgement of the
+bishops, in that he was a bishop, and to the temporall lords in that he
+had b&eacute;ene the kings shiriffe.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">A subsidie.</span>
+In this parlement also, in the kalends of Aprill, the king procured a
+subsidie to be granted to him, to wit, two shillings of euerie plough
+land through England, which maner of subsidie by an old name is called
+Teemen toll, or Theyme toll. He also commanded that euerie man should
+make for him the third part of knights seruice, accordinglie as euerie
+f&eacute;e might beare, to furnish him foorth into Normandie. He demanded of
+the moonks Cisteaux, all their wooles for the same yeare. But bicause
+that seemed an ouer greeuous burthen vnto them, they fined with him, as
+after shall appeare. The fourth day of this parlement, by the kings
+permission manie greeuous complaints were exhibited against the
+<span class="rightnote">The archbishop of Yorke accused.</span>
+archbishop of Yorke, for extortion and other vniust vexations, which he
+had practised: but he passed so little thereof, that he made no answer
+vnto their billes.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Gerard de Camuille charged with felonie and treason.</span>
+Moreouer through the procurement of the lord chancellour, Gerard de
+Camuille was arreigned for receiuing th&eacute;eues, and robbers, which had
+robbed certeine merchants of their goods, that were going to the faire
+of Stamfort; also they appealed him of treason for refusing to stand to
+his triall by order of the kings lawes at commandement of the kings
+iustices, bearing himselfe to be earle Johns man, and aiding the same
+earle against the king. But all these accusations he flatlie denied, and
+so his aduersaries put in pledges to follow their suit, and he put in
+the like to defend himselfe by one of his fr&eacute;eholders.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The king of Scots commeth to s&eacute;e the king of England.</span>
+The same daie king Richard receiued the king of Scots at Clipstone,
+comming now to visit him, and to reioise with him for his safe returne
+home after so long a iournie, and so manie passed perils. After they had
+spent the time a certeine space in ioy and mirth, the fourth of Aprill
+at their being togither at Malton, the king of Scots required of king
+Richard to haue restored to him the counties of Northumberland,
+Cumberland and Westmerland, with the countie of Lancaster also, the
+which in right of his predecessors belonged to him (as he alledged.)</p>
+
+<p>
+<a name="Page_248" id="Page_248" ></a><span class="pagenum">[248]</span>
+<span class="rightnote">A parlement.</span>
+King Richard assembling a parlement of the Nobles of his realme at
+Northampton, about sixt&eacute;ene daies after that the Scotish king had made
+this request, gaue him answer that by no means he might as then satisfie
+his petition: for if he should so doo, his aduersaries in France would
+report that he did it for feare, and not for any loue or hartie
+<span class="rightnote">A grant made to the king of Scots what allowance he should
+haue when he came to England.</span>
+fr&eacute;endship. But yet king Richard in the presence of his mother qu&eacute;ene
+Elianor, and the lords spirituall and temporall of his realme togither
+at that present assembled, granted and by his d&eacute;ed confirmed vnto the
+said king of Scots, and to his heires for euer, that whensoeuer he or
+any of them should come by summons of the king of England vnto his
+court, the bishop of Durham, and the shiriffe of Northumberland should
+receiue him at the water of Tw&eacute;ed, and safe conduct him vnto the water
+of These, and there should the archbishop of Yorke, and the shiriffe of
+Yorke be readie to receiue him of them, and from thence giue their
+attendance vpon him vnto the borders of the next shire.</p>
+
+<p>It was also granted to the said king, that he should be attended from
+shire to shire by prelats and shiriffes, till he came to the kings
+court, also from the time that the king of Scotland should enter this
+realme of England, he should haue dailie out of the kings pursse for his
+liuerie an hundred shillings, and after he came to the court, he should
+haue an allowance dailie for his liuerie, so long as he there remained,
+thirtie shillings and twelue manchet wastels, twelue manchet simnels,
+foure gallons of the best wine, and eight gallons of houshold wine, two
+pound of pepper, foure pound of cumin, two stone of wax, or else foure
+links, and fortie great and long colpons of such candels as are serued
+before the king, and foure and twentie colpons of other candels that
+serue for the houshold. And when he should returne into his countrie
+againe, then should he be conueied with the bishops and shiriffes from
+countie to countie, till he come to the water of Tw&eacute;ed, hauing an
+hundred shillings a day of liuerie, &amp;c: as is before appointed. The
+charter of this grant was deliuered vnto William king of Scots in the
+towne of Northampton, in Easter w&eacute;eke, by the hands of William bishop of
+Elie lord chancellour, in the yeare of our lord 1194, and in the fift
+yeare of king Richard his reigne.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">A councell holden at Winchester.</span>
+After this, on the fift&eacute;enth day of Aprill, king Richard hauing the said
+king of Scots in his companie came to Winchester, where he called a
+councell, and there in open assemblie he highlie commended all those of
+the Nobilitie, that in his absence had shewed themselues faithfull, and
+resisted his brother, and such other his complices, which had as
+disloiall persons rebelled against him. Here he also proclaimed his said
+brother, and all those that tooke his part, traitours to the crowne, and
+tooke order for the punishment of them, that (being of their faction)
+could by any means be apprehended.</p>
+
+<p>Furthermore, to put awaie as it were the reproofe of his captiuitie and
+imprisonment (by the reuiuing of his noblenesse, which he had in high
+estimation.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; pretio nam dignior omni est<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nobilitas, h&aelig;c non emitur nec venditur auro)<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="nogap">
+<span class="rightnote">The king crowned anew.</span>
+he caused himselfe to be eftsoones crowned by the archbishop Hubert, on
+the 18 of Aprill, at Winchester, and so shewed himselfe as a new crowned
+king (in hope of good successe and better lucke to follow) in the
+<span class="rightnote"><i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i> The king of Scots beareth one of the swords
+before the king of England.</span>
+presence of the said king of Scots, who bare one of the thr&eacute;e swords
+before him, going in the middle betwixt two earles, that is to saie,
+Hamelin earle of Warren going on his right hand, and Ranulfe earle of
+Chester on his left. The canapie vnder the which he went was borne vp
+also by foure earles, Norffolke, Lislewight, Salisburie, and Ferrers.
+The bishop of Elie lord chancellour went on the right hand of the king,
+and the bishop of London on the left. At dinner also the citizens of
+<span class="rightnote">The citizens of London.</span>
+London serued him in the butterie by reason of two hundred marks which
+they had giuen the king that they might so doo, notwithstanding the
+claime and challenge made by the citizens of Winchester, the which
+serued him in the kitchin.</p>
+
+<p>The archbishop of Yorke was commanded that he should not be present at
+the coronation, least some tumult might arise about the hauing of his
+crosse borne afore him, to
+<a name="Page_249" id="Page_249" ></a><span class="pagenum">[249]</span>
+the displeasure of the archbishop of
+Canturburie, who stood in it, that no prelat within his prouince ought
+to haue any crosse borne before him, himselfe excepted.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">A parlement called.</span>
+After this, he called a parlement, by vertue whereof he reuoked backe
+and resumed into his hands all patents, annuities, f&eacute;es, and other
+grants (before his voiage into the holie land) by him made, or otherwise
+granted or alienated. And bicause it shuld not seeme that he vsed a
+m&eacute;ere violent extortion herein, he treated with euerie one of them in
+most courteous wise, bearing them in hand, that he knew well they ment
+not to let foorth their monie to him vpon vsurie, but would be contented
+with such reasonable gaine and profit, as had b&eacute;ene raised to their vse
+in time of his absence of those things which they held of him by
+assignation in way of lone, so that now the same might be restored to
+him againe, sith he ment not to sell them, but to let them foorth as it
+were to farme for the time, as all men might well vnderstand,
+considering that he could not mainteine the port of a king without
+receipt of those profits which he had so let foorth. With these gentle
+<span class="rightnote">The bold courage of the bishop of Lincolne.</span>
+words therefore mixed with some dreadfull allegations, he brought them
+all into such perplexitie, that not one of them durst withstand his
+request, nor alledge that he had wrong doone to him, except Hugh the
+bishop of Lincolne, who sticked not to saie, that the king in this
+<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Durham lost his earledome.</span>
+demand did them and the rest open iniurie. The bishop of Durham lost his
+earledome, and was constreined to content himselfe with his old
+bishoprike, and to leaue the dignitie of an earle, or at the leastwise
+the possessions which he had bought of the king before his setting
+forward into the holie land.</p>
+
+<p>Thus the king recouered those things for the which he had receiued great
+summes of monie, without making any recompense, where the most part of
+the occupiers had not receiued scarselie a third part of the principall
+which they had laid foorth. For no sufficiencie of grant, patent, or
+other writing to any of them before made, did any thing auaile them.
+<span class="rightnote">K. Richards practises. The moonks Cisteaux.</span>
+Moreouer, where he had borrowed a great summe of monie of the merchants
+of the staple, he wrought a feat with the moonks of the Cisteaux order
+to discharge that debt. He told these moonks that being constreined with
+vrgent necessitie, he had borowed that monie of the merchants beyond the
+sea, vpon confidence of their good beneuolence, and therefore he
+required them to extend their liberallitie so farre toward him, as to
+deliuer so much wooll in value, as should discharge that debt. To be
+short, the moonks being ouercome with the kings words, threatning
+kindnesse vpon them, fulfilled his request. Moreouer not satisfied
+herewith, he leuied a taske throughout the realme, exacting of euerie
+hide of land two shillings, according to the grant made to him at
+Notingham: and the same was generallie gathered, as well of the
+spirituall mens lands as of the temporall.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i> The king of Scots maketh suit for
+Northumberland.</span>
+The king of Scots vnderstanding that the bishop of Durham had giuen ouer
+and resigned the earledome of Northumberland into the kings hands,
+thought good once againe to assaie if he might compasse his desire, and
+herewith he began his former suit afresh, offering to king Richard
+fift&eacute;ene thousand markes of siluer for the whole earledome of
+Northumberland with the appurtenances, as his father earle Henrie did
+hold the same before. The king taking counsell in the matter, agreed
+that he should haue it for that monie, excepting the castels: but the
+king of Scots would haue castels and all, or else he would not bargaine.</p>
+
+<p>Finallie, after he had sundrie times mooued this suit for the hauing of
+the lands vnto which he pretended a title, and could get nothing of king
+Richard but faire words, putting him as it were in hope to obteine that
+he required at his next returne out of France, vpon the 22 daie of
+Aprill being fridaie, he tooke leaue of the king, and returned towards
+his countrie, not verie ioifull, in that he could not obteine his suit.
+King Richard in this meane while caused all those prisoners that were
+taken in the castels of Notingham, Tickhill, Marleburgh, Lancaster<a name="FNanchor_6_13" id="FNanchor_6_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a>, and
+<span class="rightnote">Mainprise.</span>
+S. Michaels mount, which were of any wealth to be put in prison, that
+they might fine for their ransoms. The residue he suffered to depart
+<a name="Page_250" id="Page_250" ></a><span class="pagenum">[250]</span>
+vpon suerties, that were bound for them in an hundredth marks a peece,
+to be forth comming when they should be called.</p>
+
+<p>Now the king (after he had gathered a great portion of monie, and
+ordeined diuerse things for the behoofe of the common-wealth, thereby to
+satisfie the harts of the people) prepared himselfe to saile into
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+Normandie. But first he reconciled the archbishop of Yorke, and the
+bishop of Elie lord chancellour, aswell for the apprehension &amp;
+imprisoning of the archbishop at Douer, as for the dishonourable
+expulsion of the chancellour out of England, in such wise that the
+chancellour should vpon reasonable summons giuen to him by the
+archbishop, sware with the hands of an hundred pr&eacute;ests with him, that he
+neither commanded nor willed that the archbishop should be apprehended.
+The controuersie betwixt the two archbishops about the bearing of their
+crosses, the king would not meddle withall, for (as he said) that
+perteined to the pope. Yet the archbishop of Canturburie complained to
+king Richard of the iniurie doone to him at that present by the
+archbishop of Yorke, presuming within his prouince to haue his crosse
+borne before him. At length when the kings prouision was once readie for
+his voiage into Normandie, he came to Douer, and hearing that the French
+king had besieged the towne of Vernueil, and that the same was in danger
+to be taken, he tooke the sea togither with his mother qu&eacute;ene Elianor on
+<span class="rightnote">The king transporteth ouer into France.</span>
+the ninth daie of Maie, and transporting ouer into Normandie, arriued at
+Harfl&eacute;et with an hundred great ships fraught with men, horsses and
+armour.</p>
+
+<p>The French king hearing of king Richards arriuall, and that he was
+comming with a great power to the succour of them within Vernueil, and
+<span class="rightnote">The French king raiseth his siege from Vernueil.</span>
+was alreadie incamped n&eacute;ere to the towne of the Eagle, he plucked vp his
+tents in the night before Witsundaie, and leauing the siege, departed
+from thence, and tooke a certeine small fortresse by the waie as he
+marched, wherein he left a few souldiers to keepe it to his vse. King
+Richard herewith entring into the French dominions, sent three bands of
+souldiers towards Vale de Ruell, and went himselfe vnto Loches, and
+besieging that castell wan it within a short time. The Normans also
+<span class="rightnote"><i>N.&nbsp;Triuet.</i></span>
+recouered the citie of Eureux out of the French mens hands, but those
+that were sent vnto Ruell, and had besieged the castell there an eight
+daies without any gaine, hearing that the French king was comming
+towards them, departed thence, &amp; came backe to the kings campe,
+wherevpon the French king comming to Ruell raced it to the ground,
+bicause his enimie should not at anie time in winning it nestle there to
+the further damage of the countrie.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+About the same time, Robert earle of Leicester issuing foorth of Rouen
+in hope to worke some feat to the damage of the Frenchmen, as he rode
+<span class="rightnote">The earle of Leicester taken prisoner.</span>
+somewhat vnaduisedlie in the lands of Hugh Gourney, fell within danger
+of his enimies, who tooke him prisoner, and a few other that were in his
+companie. The French king after this came with his armie into the coasts
+of Touraine; and marched neere Vandosme, and there incamped, whereof
+king Richard being aduertised, drew n&eacute;ere to Vandosme, meaning to
+assaile the French king in his campe, who hauing knowledge thereof
+dislodged with his armie earlie in the morning, and fled awaie (to his
+great dishonour) in all hast possible. The king of England with his
+people following in chase of the Frenchmen slue manie, and tooke a great
+number of prisoners, amongst whome was the French kings ch&eacute;efe
+treasurer. Also the Englishmen tooke manie wagons and sumpters laden
+with crossebowes, armour, plate, apparell, and the furniture of the
+French kings chapell. This chanced about 37 daies after his fl&eacute;eing in
+the night from Vernueil, of which two flights of the French king (in
+manner as ye haue heard) we find these verses written:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Gallia fugisti bis, &amp; hoc sub rege Philippo,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Nec sunt sub modio facta pudenda tuo.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Vernolium sumit testem fuga prima, secunda<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Vindocinum, noctem prima, secunda diem.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251" ></a><span class="pagenum">[251]</span>
+Nocte fugam primam rapuisti, man&egrave; secundam,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Prima nictus vitio, v&iacute;q; secunda fuit.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza" style="margin-top: 1em;">
+<span class="i0">France, twice thou fledst, while Philip reign'd,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">the world dooth know thy shame,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For Vernueil witnesse beares of th' one,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">next Vandosme knowes the same.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The first by night, the next by day,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">thy heart and force doo showe,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That first through feare, and next by force,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">was wrought thine ouerthrowe.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Geffrey de Rancon. The earle of Engolesme. The king of Nauars
+brother.</span>
+In this meane while certeine rebels in Guien, as the lord Geffrey de
+Rancin<a name="FNanchor_6_14" id="FNanchor_6_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a> or Rancon, and the earle of Engolesme with their complices, vpon
+confidence of the French kings assistance, sore disquieted the countrie.
+Howbeit, the sonne of the king of Nauarre, and brother to Berengaria the
+qu&eacute;ene of England, entring into Guien with an armie, wasted the lands of
+both those rebels, till he was called home by reason of his fathers
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;6.</span>
+death which chanced about the same time. Shortlie after Geffrey Rancin
+died, and king Richard comming into his countrie, wan the strong castell
+of Tailleburge by surrender, which apperteined to the same Geffrey with
+others, and then going against the other rebels, he wan the citie of
+<span class="rightnote">Engolesme woone.</span>
+Engolesme from him by force of assault. All which time the French king
+stirred not, by reason that there was some communication in hand for a
+truce to be taken betwixt him and king Richard, which by mediation of
+certeine bishops was shortlie after concluded, to endure for twelue
+moneths. The bishop of Elie was ch&eacute;efe commissioner for the king of
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i> <i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i></span>
+England, and this truce was accorded about Lammas, and serued to little
+purpose, except to giue libertie to either prince to breath a little,
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Polydor.</i></span>
+and in the meane time to prouide themselues of men, munition, ships &amp;
+monie, that immediatlie after the terme was expired, they might with
+greater force returne to the field againe, for they had not onelie a
+like desire to follow the warres, but also vsed a like meane and
+practise to leuie monie.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Great exactions.</span>
+For whereas they had alreadie made the temporaltie bare with often
+paiments, and calling them foorth to serue personallie in the warres,
+they thought best now to fetch a fleece from the spiritualtie and
+churchmen, considering also that they had b&eacute;ene by reason of their
+immunitie more gentlie dealt with, and not appointed to serue themselues
+<span class="rightnote">The colour pretended in leuieng of monie.</span>
+in anie maner of wise. To colour this exaction which they knew would be
+euill taken of manie, they bruted abroad, that they leuied this monie
+vpon purpose, to send it into the holie land, towards the paiment of the
+christian souldiers, which remained there vpon defense of those townes,
+which yet the Saracens had not conquered. King Richard therfore comming
+to Towrs in Touraine, required a great summe of monie of the cleargie in
+those parts, and the like request he made throughout all those his
+dominions, on that further side of the sea. King Philip for his part
+demanded likewise intollerable tithes and duties of all the churchmen in
+his territories, and those that had the gathering of that monie serued
+their owne turne, in dealing most streightlie with sillie pr&eacute;ests,
+making them to paie what they thought good, though sometime beyond the
+bounds of equitie and reason.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i> Inquisitions taken by a iurie of sundrie
+matters.</span>
+In September, the iustices itinerants made their circuits thorough
+euerie shire and countie of this realme, causing inquisitions to be
+taken by substantiall iuries of pl&eacute;es of the crowne both old and new, of
+recognisances, of escheats, of wards, of mariages, of all maner of
+offendors against the lawes and ordinances of the relme, and of all
+other transgressors, falsifiers, and murtherers of Jewes; of the
+pledges, goods, lands, debts, and writings of Jewes that were slaine,
+and of other circumstances touching that matter. Likewise of the
+accompts of shiriffes, as to vnderstand what had b&eacute;ene giuen towards the
+<a name="Page_252" id="Page_252" ></a><span class="pagenum">[252]</span>
+kings ransome, how much had b&eacute;ene receiued, and what remained behind to
+receiue. Also of the lands that belonged to erle John, and what goods he
+had, and what he held in demaine, in wards, escheats, and in gifts, and
+for what cause they were giuen. Furthermore, of his fautors and
+partakers, which had made fines with the king, and which not, with manie
+<span class="rightnote">Vsurers.</span>
+other articles touching the same earle. Also of vsurers, and of their
+goods being seized, of wines sold contrarie to the assise, of false
+measures, and of such as hauing receiued the crosse to go into the holie
+land, died before they set forward. Also of grand assises that were of
+an hundred shillings land or vnder, and of defaults, and of diuerse
+other things, the iurats were charged to inquire, and present the same.</p>
+
+<p>The iustices also were appointed to cause the manours, farmes and lands
+which the king held in demaine, or by wards and escheats, to be surueied
+by a substantiall iurie, and to take order for the conuerting of them to
+such vse, as the king might be answered of the gaines rising by the same
+<span class="rightnote">Iewes.</span>
+at the farmers hands. Also, the Iewes were appointed to inroll all their
+debts, pledges, lands, houses, rents and possessions. Moreouer,
+<span class="rightnote">Iustices, shiriffes and other officers.</span>
+inquisition was taken of iustices, shiriffes, bailiffes, conestables,
+foresters and other officers belonging to the king, to vnderstand in
+what maner they had behaued themselues in taking and seizing of things
+into their hands, and of all such goods, gifts and promises had and
+receiued by occasion of leasure made of the lands of earle John and his
+fautors, and who receiued the same, and what delaie was granted by
+<span class="rightnote">Hubert archbishop of Canturburie lord ch&eacute;efe iustice.</span>
+commandement of Hubert archbishop of Canturburie, then lord ch&eacute;efe
+iustice.</p>
+
+<p>In this meane time, whilest these inquisitions were thus taken in
+England, king Richard comming foorth of Poictou into Aniou, caused all
+the bailiffes and officers of that countrie, and also of Maine, to fine
+<span class="rightnote">Officers driuen to fine for their offices.<br />
+The king offended with the lord chauncellor.
+</span>
+with him for their offices. After this, when he came downe into
+Normandie, he s&eacute;emed in shew to be offended with his
+chancellour the
+bishop of Elie, about concluding of the truce with the French king
+(where as ye haue heard he was cheefe commissioner) misliking greatlie
+all that was doone therein, and therefore he tooke the seale from him,
+and caused a new seale to be made, commanding to be proclaimed thorough
+all his dominions, that whatsoeuer had b&eacute;ene sealed with the old seale,
+should stand in no force, both for that his chancellor had wrought more
+vndiscreetlie than was conuenient; and againe, bicause the same seale
+<span class="rightnote">A new seale.</span>
+was lost, when Roger Malus Catulus his vicechancellour was drowned, who
+perished, among other by shipracke, n&eacute;ere to the Ile of Cypres, before
+the king arriued there, being as then on his iournie into the holie
+land. Therefore all men had commandement to come to this new seale, that
+they might haue their charters and writings confirmed.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> The king returneth into England. He granteth
+the English men licence to tournie.</span>
+Furthermore, whilest the truce yet lasted, king Richard sailed ouer into
+England, where he caused turnies to be exercised in diuerse places, for
+the better training vp of souldiers in feats of warre, that they might
+growe more skilfull and perfect in the same, when they should come to
+the triall of their forces, whereby he raised no small summes of monie
+for granting license to his subiects so to tournie. Euerie earle that
+would tournie, paid to him for his licence twentie marks, euerie baron
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i> Fines paid for licence to exercise turnements.</span>
+ten marks, and euerie knight hauing lands, did giue foure marks, and
+those that had no lands two marks, to the great damnifieng of the
+people; hauing learned the common lesson, and receiued the ordinarie
+rule followed of all, and neglected of none; namelie,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Mal. Pal. in suo sap.</i></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; opus est nummis vel morte relictis,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Vel sorte inuentis, vel quauis arte paratis,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Quippe inopem mala multa pati contingit vb&iacute;q;,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nec sine diuitijs fas cuiquam ducere vitam<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">F&oelig;licem, &amp;c.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The charter of this grant was deliuered by the king vnto William earle
+of Salisburie, to haue the k&eacute;eping thereof: but Hubert Walter the
+archbishop of Canturburie, and lord
+<a name="Page_253" id="Page_253" ></a><span class="pagenum">[253]</span>
+ch&eacute;efe iustice, bade his brother
+Theobald Walter collector of the monie, for the scraping and raking
+togither whereof, in huge sums, he put the former shifts of extortion
+and exaction in practise.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><h3>The tenour of the charter concerning the turnements before
+remembred.</h3>
+
+<p>Richard by the grace of God king of England, duke of Normandie and
+Aquitaine, and earle of Aniou, to the reuerend father in Christ, Hubert
+archbishop of Canturburie, and primat of all England, sendeth greeting.
+Know ye that we haue granted turnaments to be kept in England in fiue
+steeds, to wit, betwixt Sarisburie and Wilton, betwixt Warwike and
+Kenelworth, betwixt Stanford and Warmeford, betwixt Brackley and
+Nixburgh, betwixt Blie &amp; Tickhill, so that the peace of our land be not
+broken, nor yet our iustices authoritie diminished, nor any damage doone
+to our forrests. Prouided that what earle soeuer will turney there,
+shall giue to vs twentie markes, a baron ten marks, a knight that hath
+lands foure marks and he that hath no lands shall giue two marks.</p>
+
+<p>Moreouer, no stranger shall be admitted to turney there, wherevpon we
+command you, that at the daie of the turnieng, ye haue there two
+clarkes, and two of our knights to receiue the oth of the earles and
+barons, which shall satisfie vs of the said summes of monie, before the
+turnieng begin, and that they suffer none to turnie, till (before) they
+haue made paiment, and haue caused to be entred how much &amp; of whom they
+haue receiued: and ye shall take ten marks for this charter to our vse,
+whereof the earle of Salisburie, and the earle of Clare, and the earle
+<span class="rightnote">Bishops towne.</span>
+of Warren are pledges. Witnesse myselfe, at Ville Leuesche, the two and
+twentith of August.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Furthermore, ordinances were made and set foorth for the safe keeping of
+the peace, so that such as would turney, neither by the waie in comming
+or going, or whilest the turnieng lasted, should violentlie take any
+thing to serue their necessarie vses, without paieng therefore to the
+owner according to the woorth, nor should doo iniurie to any man in any
+manner of wise. But now to the other dooings of king Richard, who made
+<span class="rightnote">I thinke he came not ouer at all into England at this time,
+but rather sent his mind vnto the archbishop.</span>
+no long abode in England at this time, but shortlie returned into
+Normandie, bicause he heard that king Philip had an armie readie leuied.
+Wherefore meaning to buckle with him vpon occasion offered, he made the
+more hast, and being landed there, approched vnto the borders of the
+French dominions, incamping himselfe with his armie in the field, to
+wait for the time that the truce should be expired, least the enimie
+should in any exploit preuent him. In like manner king Philip hauing
+with him earle John king Richards brother, kept his souldiers and men of
+warre in a readines with him, to worke any feat that should be thought
+expedient assoone as the truce should end.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="yearnote">1195.</span>
+Whilest both these kings were thus bent to powre out their malice, and
+to ease their stomachs with dint of sword, there came messengers from
+<span class="rightnote">Messengers from the pope.</span>
+the pope, exhorting him vnto peace and quietnesse, but his exhortation
+little auailed. For they regarding it little or nothing, immediatlie as
+the truce was expired, got them abroad into the field, &amp; king Richard
+<span class="rightnote">Isoldune.</span>
+drew towards Isoldune, a towne situat in the confines of Berrie, whither
+it was reported that the French king meant to come: and there staid for
+him a whole day togither. But the French king hearing that king Richard
+was there to looke for him, thought it best not to come there at all.
+Wherefore king Richard went the next daie vnto a castell called Brison,
+and tooke it vpon his first approch. Then went he to a towne called
+Nouencourt and perceiuing the same to be strong and well manned, tooke
+not in hand to assaile it till the third daie after his comming thither,
+at what time he so
+<a name="Page_254" id="Page_254" ></a><span class="pagenum">[254]</span>
+inclosed the same round about with diligent watch
+and ward, that a cat could not haue escaped out of the place, neither by
+<span class="rightnote">Nouencourt y&eacute;eldeth to K. Richard. Albermarle besieged.
+<i>Matt.&nbsp;West.</i> <i>Polydor.</i></span>
+daie nor night, but that she should haue b&eacute;ene espied. They within being
+put in feare herewith, yeelded vp the towne the daie next following, in
+which meane time the French king besieged Albemarle.</p>
+
+<p>Herevpon king Richard, hauing left a garrison of souldiers in
+Nouencourt, came to raise the enimie from his siege, &amp; setting vpon the
+Frenchmen, there began a sharpe fight: but the Englishmen being wearie
+with trauell of their passed iournie, and hauing rashlie entred into the
+battell, were not able to indure the Frenchmens violence, so that (not
+without great losse) they were constreined to retire with swift flight,
+or (to saie the truth) to run awaie a maine pase. The French king hauing
+thus chased his enimies, returned to assault Albemarle, woone the
+castell by force, and the towne by composition, permitting the garrison
+there to depart with all their armour. This doone, he ruinated the
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i> The earle of Leicesters offer for his ransome.</span>
+castell flat to the ground. Robert earle of Leicester offered to the
+French king a thousand marks sterling for his ransome, and to quite
+claime to him and his heires for euer all the right which he had to the
+castell of Pascie, with the appurtenances, and to get a confirmation
+thereof for him both of the pope, and of the king of England: but for
+that the warre still lasted, the French king tooke a respite in
+answering this offer, neuerthelesse afterwards in the yeare next
+insuing, he tooke it, and so the earle was set at libertie.</p>
+
+<p>Not long after this foresaid repulse, the king of England hauing
+refreshed his souldiers with some rest after their great trauell, went
+<span class="rightnote">Million won and rased.</span>
+to Million, and giuing assault to the towne wan it at the first brunt,
+and made it plaine with the earth. Then was a motion made for peace
+<span class="rightnote">A motion for peace.</span>
+betwixt the two kings, being now wearied with long wars: whereof when
+earle John was aduertised, who (as it should s&eacute;eme by some writers)
+hauing tarried with the French king till this present, began now to
+doubt least if any agr&eacute;ement were made, he might happilie be betraied of
+the French king by couenants that should passe betwixt them: he
+determined therefore with himselfe to commit his whole safetie to his
+naturall brother, and to no man else, perceiuing that the French king
+made not so great accompt of him after the losse of his castels in
+England, as he had doone before.</p>
+
+<p>Herevpon comming to his brother king Richard, "he besought him to pardon
+his offense, and though he had not dealt brotherlie towards him, yet
+that he would brotherlie forgiue him his rebellious trespasse, adding
+furthermore, that whereas he had not heretofore beene thankefull for his
+manifold benefits which he had receiued at his hands, yet he was now
+most sorie therefore, and was willing to make amends: wherewith he
+acknowledged the safegard of his life to rest in him, for the which he
+was bound to giue him thanks, if he would grant thereto." The king
+mooued with his words, made this answer (as it is said) that he pardoned
+him ind&eacute;ed, but yet wished that he might forget such iniuries as he had
+receiued at his hands, which he doubted least he should not easilie doo.
+<span class="rightnote">Earle John returneth to the king his brother, and is
+pardoned.</span>
+Herewith erle John being yet put in good hope of forgiuenesse, sware to
+be true euer after vnto him, and that he would endeuour himselfe to make
+amends for his misdeeds past, and so was shortlie after restored vnto
+his former degree, honour and estimation
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i> <i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i> <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+in all respects.</p>
+
+<p>But by some writers it should appeare, that earle John, immediatlie vpon
+conclusion of the first truce, came from the French king, and submitted
+himselfe to his brother, and by mediation of the qu&eacute;ene their mother was
+pardoned, receiued againe into fauour, and serued euer after against the
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+French king verie dutifullie, s&eacute;eking by new atchiued enterprises
+brought about (to the contentation of his brother) to make a recompense
+for his former misdemeanor, reputing it meere madnesse to make means to
+further mischeefe; for</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; stultum est hostem iritare potentem,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Atq; malum maius tumidis sibi qu&aelig;rere verbis.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="nogap">
+<span class="rightnote"><i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+But at what time soeuer he returned thus to his brother, this yeare (as
+Roger Houeden
+<a name="Page_255" id="Page_255" ></a><span class="pagenum">[255]</span>
+saith) he was restored to the earledoms of Mortaigne in
+Normandie, and Glocester in England, with the honour of Eie (the castels
+onelie excepted) and in recompense of the residue of the earledoms which
+he had before inioied, togither with certeine other lands, his brother
+king Richard gaue vnto him a yeerelie pension amounting to the summe of
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i> <i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i> <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> <i>Polychron.</i></span>
+eight thousand pound of Aniouin monie. &para; Now here to staie a while at
+matters chancing here about home, I will speake somewhat of the dooings
+of Leopold duke of Austrich, who as one nothing mooued with the
+pestilence and famine that oppressed his countrie in this season, but
+rather hauing his hart hardened, began to threaten the English hostages
+that they shuld loose their liues, if king Richard kept not the
+couenants which he had vndertaken to performe by a day appointed.
+<span class="rightnote">Baldwin de Betun.</span>
+Wherevpon Baldwin Betun one of the hostages was sent by common agr&eacute;ement
+of the residue vnto king Richard, to signifie to him their estate. King
+Richard willing to deliuer them out of further danger, sent with the
+same Baldwin his coosen, the sister of Arthur duke of Britaine, and the
+daughter of the emperour of Cypres, to be conueied vnto the said duke of
+Austrich, the one, namelie the sister of Arthur to be ioined in marriage
+with the dukes sonne, and the other to continue in the dukes hands to
+bestow at his pleasure.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Duke Leopold catcheth a fall beside his horsse and dieth of
+the hurt.</span>
+But in the meane time, on saint Stephans day, duke Leopold chanced to
+haue a fall beside his horsse, and hurt his leg in such wise, that all
+the surgions in the countrie could not helpe him, wherevpon in extreame
+anguish he ended his life. And whereas before his death he required to
+be absolued of the sentence of excommunication pronounced against him by
+the pope (for apprehending of king Richard in his returning from his
+iournie made into the holie land) he was answered by the cleargie, that
+except he would receiue an oth to stand to the iudgement of the church
+for the iniurie doone to king Richard, and that vnlesse other of the
+Nobilitie would receiue the like oth with him if he chanced to die
+(whereby he might not fulfill that which the church h&eacute;erein should
+decr&eacute;e) that yet they should see the same performed, he might not
+otherwise be absolued.</p>
+
+<p>Wherefore he tooke the oth, and the Nobles of his countrie with him, and
+therewithall released the English pledges, remitted the monie that yet
+remained behind of his portion aforesaid, and immediatlie therewith
+died. After his deceasse, bicause certeine p&eacute;eres of the countrie
+withstood the performance of the premisses, his bodie laie eight daies
+longer aboue ground than otherwise it should haue doone, for till such
+time as all the pledges were perfectlie released, it might not be
+buried. Also Baldwin de Betun approching neere to the confines of
+Austrich, when he heard that the duke was dead, returned with the two
+ladies vnto his souereigne lord king Richard. Thus (as ye haue heard)
+for feare of the censures of the church were the pledges restored, and
+the residue of the monie behind released.</p>
+
+<p>&para; All this was both pleasant and profitable for king Richards soules
+helth (as may be thought) bicause he tooke occasion therof to amend his
+owne former life, by considering how much he might be reprehended for
+his sundrie faults committed both against God and man. A maruellous
+matter to heare, how much fr&#333; that time forward he reformed his
+former trade of liuing into a better forme &amp; order. Moreouer, the
+<span class="rightnote">White moonks.</span>
+emperour gaue to the Cisteaux moonks 3000 marks of siluer, parcell of
+king Richards ransome, to make siluer censers in euerie church
+throughout where they had any houses: but the abbats of the same order
+refused the gift, being a portion of so wrongfull and vngodlie a gaine.
+At which thing, when it came to the knowledge of K. Richard, he greatlie
+maruelled at the first, but after commended the abbats in their dooings,
+and cheeflie for shewing that they were void of the accustomed
+gr&eacute;edinesse of hauing, which most men supposed them to be much infected
+withall.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i> Hugh Nou&#257;t bishop of Couentrie restored to
+his s&eacute;e.<br />
+The archbishop of Yorke.</span>
+King Richard this yeare pardoned Hugh Nouant bishop of Couentrie of all
+his wrath and displeasure conceiued toward him, and restored to him his
+bishoprike for fiue thousand marks of siluer. But Robert Nouant the same
+bishops brother died in the kings prison at Douer. Also whereas the
+archbishop of Yorke had offended king Richard, he
+<a name="Page_256" id="Page_256" ></a><span class="pagenum">[256]</span>
+pardoned him, and
+receiued him againe into fauour, with the kisse of peace. Wherevpon the
+archbishop waxed so proud, that vsing the king reprochfullie, he lost
+his archbishoprike, the rule of Yorkeshire which he had in gouernment as
+shiriffe, the fauour of his souereigne, and (which was the greatest
+losse of all) the loue of God. For</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="rightnote"><i>M. Pal. in suo sag.</i></span>
+<span class="i0">Nemo superbus amat superos, nec amator ab illis,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Vult humiles Deus ac mites, habitatq; libenter<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Mansuetos animos procul ambitione remotos,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Inflatos ver&ograve; ac ventosos deprimit idem,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nec patitur secum puro consistere olympo.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Pope Celestine. The archbish. of Canturburie is made y<sup>e</sup>
+popes legat.</span>
+Moreouer, through the kings request, pope Celestine this yeare made the
+archbishop of Canturburie legat of all England by his buls directed to
+him, bearing date at his palace in Rome called Lateran the fifteenth
+kalends of Aprill, in the fourth yeare of his papasie. Furthermore, the
+pope wrote to the English cleargie, giuing them to vnderstand that he
+had created the said archbishop of Canturburie his legat, commanding
+them so to accept him: by vertue of which letters, the archbishop Hubert
+<span class="rightnote">A trinitie of officers in vnitie of person.</span>
+being now both archbishop of Canturburie, legat of the apostolike s&eacute;e,
+and lord ch&eacute;efe iustice of England, appointed to hold a councell at
+Yorke, and therefore gaue knowledge by the abbat of Binham in
+Northfolke, and one maister Geruise, vnto the canons of Yorke, and to
+the archbishops officials of his purposed intention.</p>
+
+<p>The said canons and officials well considering of the popes letters,
+which were deliuered vnto them by the messengers, signified for answer,
+that they would gladlie receiue him as legat of the apostolike s&eacute;e, but
+not as archbishop of Canturburie, nor as their primat. Herewith he came
+to Yorke vpon saint Barnabies daie being sundaie, and was receiued with
+procession. On the morrow after, he held a court of plees of the crowne,
+of assises, and such other matters touching the king. On the next day
+being Tuesday, he entred into the monasterie of saint Maries in Yorke,
+and deposed the abbat, bicause of his infirmitie of bodie, at the
+request of the moonks, but the abbat appealed to the popes consistorie.
+<span class="rightnote">A synod holden at Yorke.</span>
+Then he assembled the cleargie in the church of Saint Peter in Yorke,
+and there held a synod for reformation of things amisse in the church,
+and amendment of manners in the cleargie, so that diuerse decr&eacute;es were
+made, the which for br&eacute;efenesse we omit to speake of in particular. This
+yeare also, the said archbishop Hubert caused all men throughout the
+realme of England to receiue an oth of obseruing the kings peace, and to
+sweare that they should not be robbers, nor abbettors of robbers, nor in
+any wise consenting vnto them, but should doo what in them might lie to
+apprehend all such offendors, and to discouer them to the kings officers
+to be apprehended, and to pursue them vpon hew and crie to the vttermost
+of their powers, and those that withdrew themselues from such pursuit,
+should be apprehended as partakers with the offendors.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The emperor sendeth to the king.</span>
+About this time the emperour sent to king Richard, requiring him in no
+wise to conclude any peace with the French king, but rather to inuade
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;7.</span>
+his dominions, promising to aid him all that he might. But king Richard,
+to vnderstand further of the emperours mind herein, sent ouer his
+<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Elie is sent to the emperour.</span>
+chancellour the bishop of Elie vnto him in ambassage. In the meane time
+the warre was still continued betwixt him and the French, by the which
+they were commonlie put to the worse, and king Richard inuading their
+borders, did much hurt in wasting the countries on each side. The French
+king was at one time so narrowlie chased, that as he would haue passed a
+bridge that laie ouer the water of Saine, he was in danger of drowning
+by the fall of the same vnder him, but yet at the length he escaped, and
+got to the further side.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The 2 kings talke togither.</span>
+After this, the two kings came to a communication togither, in the which
+a motion was made, that Lewes the French king his sonne and heire should
+haue the sister of Arthur duke of Britaine in marriage, and that king
+Richard in consideration thereof should surrender vnto them and to their
+heires the townes of Gisors, Bademont, with the countrie of Veulquessine
+or Veuxine le Normant, Vernon, Iuerie and Pascie; and further should
+<a name="Page_257" id="Page_257" ></a><span class="pagenum">[257]</span>
+giue vnto them twentie thousand marks of siluer. On the other side it
+was mooued, that the French king should resigne vnto king Richard all
+that he could demand in the countie of Engeulesme, and should restore
+vnto him the counties of Albemarle and Augie, with the castell of Arkes,
+and all other castels which he had taken in Normandie, or in any partie
+during these last warres. But there was a respit taken for the full
+concluding and assuring of these conditions, till the octaues of All
+saints, that king Richard might vnderstand the emperours pleasure,
+without whose consent he might not conclude any thing concerning that
+matter, bicause he had sent such word vnto him by the lord chancellour,
+who at this time was attendant in his court.</p>
+
+<p>In the meane time, the emperour being aduertised of the whole matter,
+and of the articles afore mentioned, gaue knowledge to king Richard by
+the bishop of Elie at his returning backe, that this forme of peace
+nothing liked him, but rather made directlie to his discontentment: the
+which least he might s&eacute;eme to saie without sufficient ground of reason,
+he alledged, that it should sound to king Richards dishonour, if he
+surrendred and gaue vp anie thing that he had not in possession. And to
+<span class="rightnote">The emperor dissuadeth the king from agr&eacute;eing to the peace.</span>
+encourage him to recouer those things which had beene taken from him,
+the emperour pardoned him of the seauent&eacute;ene thousand marks of siluer,
+which yet remained behind due to him for the kings ransome. Howsoeuer
+the matter passed, the two kings met not in the octaues of All saints,
+according to the appointment, although they were come, and approched
+verie n&eacute;ere to the place where they should haue communed togither: but
+through the dissimulation of the Frenchmen, they departed, without
+seeing one an other, and immediatlie began the warre as fiercelie as at
+anie time before.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The warre is begun afresh.</span>
+The French king tooke the towne of Diep, which king Richard had latelie
+repared, and burned it, with the ships that harbored in the hauen: after
+this, commming to Isoldun, he wan the towne and besieged the castell.
+<span class="rightnote">The hast which king Richard made.</span>
+But king Richard aduertised thereof, came with quicke sp&eacute;ed (making of
+thr&eacute;e daies iournie but one) and entred into the castell of Isoldun to
+defend the same against his aduersaries: and foorthwith there resorted
+such numbers of men vnto him, when they heard how he was besieged, that
+the French king doubting how to retire from thence in safetie, made suit
+first to haue licence to depart, and after when that would not be
+granted, he required at the leastwise to talke with the king of England
+about some agr&eacute;ement.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The 2 kings againe talke togither of peace.</span>
+Wherevnto king Richard condescended, and so comming togither, they
+concluded vpon a truce to indure from that daie, being saturdaie next
+after the feast of saint Nicholas, vnto the feast of saint Hilarie next
+insuing, and then to m&eacute;et againe n&eacute;ere vnto Louiers with their councels,
+that they might grow by some reasonable way vnto a finall peace and
+concord. And according to this article, shortlie after the same feast of
+<span class="yearnote">1196.</span>
+S. Hilarie, they met at Louiers, where finallie they were accorded to
+conclude a peace on these conditions, that the French king should
+<span class="rightnote">The conditions of peace concluded betwixt the two kings.
+<i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> <i>Matth.&nbsp;West.</i></span>
+release to the king of England Isoldun, with the countrie about, woon by
+him sith the beginning of these wars; likewise, all the right which he
+had in Berrie, Auuergine, and Gascoigne, and the countie of Albemarle.
+On the other part, the king of England should resigne Gisors, and
+certeine other places, and namelie Veuxine or Veulquesine vnto the king
+of France.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;West.</i> <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+Herevpon were suerties also bound for performance, and the forfeiture of
+fift&eacute;ene thousand marks assigned to be paid by the partie that first
+brake the peace. Shortlie after, the French king repenting him selfe of
+the agreement, began to make a warre anew, so that king Richard seized
+into his hands all the goods and<a name="FNanchor_6_15" id="FNanchor_6_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a> possessions which belonged to the
+abbats of the order of the great monasterie of Clunie, and of saint
+Denise &amp; la Charitie, which had become suertie for the French king in
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i> The earle of Albemarle departed
+this life.</span>
+the summe of 1500 marks aforesaid. This yeare died William de Forz earle
+of Albemarle, in whose place succ&eacute;eded Baldwine de Betun by the kings
+gift, and married the countesse of Albermarle.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Otho sonne to the duke of Saxonie.</span>
+There was a motion also made for a marriage betwixt the lord Otho, sonne
+to Henrie duke of Saxonie, king Richards nephue by his sister, and the
+ladie Margaret, daughter to
+<a name="Page_258" id="Page_258" ></a><span class="pagenum">[258]</span>
+the king of Scots, so as they should haue
+inioied the countries of Lothian, Northumberland, and the countie of
+<span class="rightnote">Lawnes.</span>
+Caerleill with the castels. For the conclusion of which marriage, the
+archbishop of Canturburie was sent about Christmas to commune with the
+king of Scots: but bicause the Scotish qu&eacute;ene was then conceiued of
+child, hir husband (in hope that God would send him a sonne) refused to
+stand vnto the aboue mentioned couenants.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i> <i>Ran.&nbsp;Higd.</i> The abbat of Caen sent into
+England.</span>
+At this time king Richard sent the abbat of Caen (who was also the elect
+of Durham) into England, to take an accompts of those that had the
+receipts of the kings monie: for this abbat had informed the king, that
+his receiuers and officers here in the realme dealt not iustlie in
+making their accompts, but both deceiued the king, and oppressed his
+people, in exacting more than was due,
+<span class="rightnote">Fraudulent dealing in officers.</span>
+and concealing that which they
+ought to stand accomptable for. The king supposing his words to be true,
+or at least likelie so to be, and that in reforming such vntruth in his
+officers, it should be both profitable to him, and well liked of the
+people, sent this abbat ouer with commission, to be as it were his
+generall auditour.</p>
+
+<p>Howbeit, Hubert archbishop of Canturburie, which was gouernour of the
+realme in causes both temporall and spirituall (by reason he had the
+kings authorise as his vicegerent, &amp; therefore sufficientlie
+countenanced, &amp; also the popes as his legat authorised) did somewhat
+stomach the matter, in that it should be thought he did suffer such
+abuses in the kings officers, and not reforme them. But he held him
+content and said little, sith the abbat shewed him the kings commission
+to doo that which he went about, although he brought it not to passe.
+For whereas he came ouer in lent, and gaue out commandements, that all
+such as had any thing to doo in receipt of the kings monie, should
+appeare before him after Easter, he tarried not to see Easter himselfe,
+but was called into another world by the stroke of death, there to
+render accompts for his owne acts here in this life committed.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Fabian.</i> <i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i> <i>Matt.&nbsp;Paris.</i> <i>Ran.&nbsp;Higd.</i> William
+Fitz Osbert.</span>
+At the same time there was another person in London called William with
+the long beard, (ali&agrave;s Fitz Osbert) which had likewise informed the king
+of certeine great oppressions and excessiue outrages vsed by rich men
+against the poore (namelie the worshipfull of the citie, the Maior and
+Aldermen) who in their hoistings, when any tallage was to be gathered,
+<span class="rightnote">The foule disorder in the citizens of London.</span>
+burdened the poore further than was thought reason, to ease themselues;
+wherevpon<a name="FNanchor_6_16" id="FNanchor_6_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a> the said William being a seditious person, and of a busie
+nature, ceassed not to make complaints. Now bicause the king gaue eare
+vnto him at the first, he tooke a boldnesse thereof, &amp; drawing vnto him
+great routs of the poorer sort of people, would take vpon him to defend
+the causes of those that found themselues greeued with the heauie yoke
+of richmen and gentlemen. He was somewhat learned, and verie eloquent:
+he had also a verie good wit, but he applied it rather to set dissention
+betwixt the high estates and the low, than to anie other good purpose.
+He accused also his owne brother of treason, who in his youth had kept
+<span class="rightnote">The vnnaturall ingratitude of Fitz Osbert.</span>
+him to schoole, &amp; beene verie good and beneficiall brother vnto him,
+bicause now he would not still mainteine him with monie to beare out his
+riottous port. Moreouer, he declared to the king, that by extortion and
+briberie of certeine men of great wealth, he lost manie forfeits and
+escheats.</p>
+
+<p>Manie gentlemen of honour sore hated him for his presumptuous attempts
+to the hindering of their purposes: but he had such comfort of the king,
+that he little passed for their malice, but kept on his intent, till the
+king being aduertised of the assemblies which he made, commanded him to
+ceasse from such dooings, that the people might fall againe to their
+sciences and occupations, which they had for the more part left off, at
+the instigation of this William with the long beard, so named of the
+<span class="rightnote">Why he ware his long berd. <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+long heare of his beard, which he nourished of purpose to seeme the more
+graue and manlike, and also as it were in despite of them which
+counterfeited the Normans (that were for the most part shauen) and
+bicause he would resemble the ancient vsage of the English nation. The
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Fabian.</i></span>
+kings commandement in restraint of the peoples resort vnto him, was well
+kept a while, but it was not long yer they began to follow him againe as
+they had doone before.</p>
+
+<p>
+<a name="Page_259" id="Page_259" ></a><span class="pagenum">[259]</span>
+Then he tooke vpon him to make vnto them certeine collations or sermons,
+taking for his theme, Haurietis aquas in gaudio de fontibus saluatoris,
+<span class="rightnote">His oration to the people.</span>
+that is to saie: Ye shall draw in gladnesse waters out of the founteins
+of your sauiour. And hereto he added, "I am (said he) the sauiour of
+poore men; ye be the poore, and haue assaied the hard hands and heauie
+burdens of the rich: now draw ye therefore the healthfull waters of
+vnderstanding out of my wels and springs, and that with ioy. For the
+time of your visitation is come: I shall part waters from waters, by
+waters I vnderstand the people, and I shall part the people which are
+good and m&eacute;eke, from the people that are wicked and proud, and I shall
+disseuer the good and euill, euen as light is diuided from darknesse."</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i></span>
+By these and such persuasions and means as he vsed, he had gotten two
+and fiftie thousand persons, readie to haue taken his part, as appeared
+after by a roll of their names found in his k&eacute;eping, besides diuerse
+instruments of iron to breake vp houses, and other things seruing to
+such like purposes. So that he brought the commoners into a great liking
+of him: but the rich and wealthie citizens stood in much feare, so that
+they kept their houses, in armes, in doubt to be robbed and murthred by
+him in the night season.</p>
+
+<p>The archbishop of Canturburie (vnto whome the rule of the realme
+ch&eacute;efelie belonged) being aduertised hereof, sent for the greatest
+number of the citizens, and vsing them with gentle words, persuaded them
+to deliuer pledges, the better to assure him, that no such thing should
+chance, which was suspected of manie, though he was loth to conceiue any
+such opinion of them. They being ouercome with his courteous words, gaue
+vnto him pledges.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">He is called before the archbishop of Canturburie lord ch&eacute;efe
+iustice or president of the realme.</span>
+After this, when the foresaid William ceased not to make congregations
+of the people, at length the archbishop sent a commandement vnto him,
+that he should appeare before him and other of the councell, at a
+certeine prefixed daie, to answer to such things as might be laid to his
+charge. To be short, he did so at the time appointed, but with such a
+rout of the common people about him, that the archbishop durst not
+pronounce against him, but licenced him to depart for that time, giuing
+him soft and gentle words. Howbeit, certeine persons were then appointed
+by the said archbishop and other of the councell to watch him sometime,
+when he should haue no great companie about him, and then to apprehend
+him.</p>
+
+<p>Amongst those that were thus commanded to attach him, were two burgesses
+of the citie, who hauing espied a conuenient time for the execution of
+their purpose, set vpon him to haue take him, but he getting an ax,
+defended himselfe manfullie: and in resisting slue one of them, and
+<span class="rightnote">He fl&eacute;eth into the church of S. Marie Bow.</span>
+after that fled into the church of S. Marie Bow, k&eacute;eping the same not as
+a place of sanctuarie, but as a fortresse: in somuch that by the help of
+such as resorted vnto him, he defended it against his aduersaries, till
+with fire and smoke they constreined him to come foorth, and all those
+<span class="rightnote">His concubine.</span>
+that were there with him: amongst them also was his concubine, who neuer
+left him for any danger that might betide him.</p>
+
+<p>The people regarding the danger of their pledges, came not out to aid
+him, as it was much doubted they would haue doone. Wherefore being thus
+attached, he was brought foorth, and comming out of the church, the
+sonne of that burgesse whome he had slaine (as you haue heard) strake
+him verie sore into the bellie with a knife, in reuenge of his fathers
+death. After this, he was had to his arraignment before the archbishop,
+sitting within the towre, and being condemned, was from thence drawne
+with horsses to the place of execution called the Elmes, and there
+<span class="rightnote">He is executed.<br />
+<i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i> <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+hanged on a gibet, with nine of his adherents, which had defended the
+church against the kings power: and yet for all this, the grudge ceassed
+not, but the common people raised a great slander vpon the archbishop,
+both for causing him to be taken out of the church, where he claimed
+<span class="rightnote">The archbishop of Canturburie is euill spok&#275; of for y<sup>e</sup>
+death of William Fitz Osbert.</span>
+priuilege of sanctuarie, and also for putting him to death, who was
+innocent (as they alledged) and not giltie of those crimes that were
+laid against him: who sought onelie the defense of poore people against
+extortioners, and such as were wrong dooers.</p>
+
+<p>
+<a name="Page_260" id="Page_260" ></a><span class="pagenum">[260]</span>
+This rumor rose so fast, that at length (by bruting abroad, that
+certeine miracles should be wrought by a chaine, wherein he was bound in
+<span class="rightnote">An old whormonger, and a new saint.</span>
+time of his imprisonment) he was taken for a saint. The place also where
+he suffered, was visited by women, and other superstitious folks, as a
+plot of great holinesse, till at length the archbishop caused it to be
+watched, to the end that no such foolishnesse should be vsed there. In
+fine, the opinion which the people had thus fondlie conceiued of his
+vertue and innocencie, was by little and little remooued out of their
+heads, when his acts were more certeinelie published: as the sleaing of
+a man with his owne hands, and the vsing of his concubine within Bowe
+church, during the time of his being there. Also the archbishop accursed
+a pr&eacute;est, which had first brought vp the false report and fained fable
+of the miracle wrought by the chaine, whereby the occasion of idolatrie
+was first giuen, and might easilie haue b&eacute;ene continued, if the
+archbishop had not b&eacute;ene the wiser man, and by such means repressed the
+rumour. &para; So that we are to note by this example the force of
+counterfeit holinesse and feigned harmelesnesse in hypocrits,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i3">&mdash;&mdash; qui pelle sub agni<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Vipereum celant virus mor&eacute;sq; luporum;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Et stolidos ficta virtutis imagine fallunt.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>But now to return vnto the dooings of king Richard in France. Ye haue
+heard how a peace was concluded (as some haue written) but the same
+continued not long: for the French king s&eacute;eming to repent himselfe of
+that he had doone (as is aforesaid) brake the peace, and raising a
+power, besieged Albemarle; at length wan it, and raced it downe to the
+ground, then king Richard gaue vnto him thr&eacute;e thousand marks of siluer
+for the ransome of his knights and yeomen, or demilances (as I may call
+them) that were taken in that fortresse. After this, the French king wan
+Nouencourt, and earle John tooke the castell of Gamages.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The erledome of Poictou.</span>
+About the same time also king Richard gaue vnto his nephue Otho the
+earledome of Poictou. Which I haue thought good to note out of Roger
+Houeden, to remooue the doubt of Iohn Bouchet,
+<span class="rightnote">John Bouchet his dout.</span>
+who in the third part of
+his annales of Aquitaine, maruelleth at an old panchart or record which
+he had s&eacute;ene, by the tenour whereof it appeared, that this Otho
+intituled himselfe duke of Aquitaine and earle of Poictou, being in his
+castell of Monstereulbonin neere to Poictiers, in the yeare a thousand,
+one hundreth, ninetie nine, in presence of Geffrey de Lusignen, and
+others, and granted vnto a certeine person the office of cutting the
+monie in the mint of that towne, as by the same panchart it further
+appeareth.</p>
+
+<p>The sight whereof brought the said Bouchet into a great perplexitie,
+considering that no chronicle which he had either seene, or heard of,
+made mention of any Otho that shuld be duke of Aquitaine, or erle of
+Poictou, either before that time, or after. Where againe it was euident
+to him, that queene Elianor the mother of king Richard, as then liuing,
+named hir selfe dutchesse of Aquitaine, and countesse of Poictou; &amp;
+likewise king Richard intituled himselfe duke of Aquitaine, and earle of
+Poictou, euer after he had fianced the earle of Barcelons daughter, as
+by diuerse records both of the mother and the sonne he had s&eacute;ene perfect
+notice. At length yet he gesseth (and that trulie) that it should be
+this Otho, to whom the mother and sonne had assigned the dutchie of
+Aquitaine and countie of Poictou, for the maintenance of his estate, he
+holding the same till the yeare 1199, in the which he was made emperour
+by king Richards good helpe, as after shall be shewed more at large.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Ranulph erle of Chester tooke his wife the dutchesse of
+Britaine prisoner.</span>
+About this time also as the countesse of Britaine, the mother of duke
+Arthur came into Normandie to haue spoken with king Richard, Ranulph
+earle of Chester hir husband meeting hir at Pountourson, tooke hir as
+prisoner, and shut hir vp within his castell at S. James de Beumeron:
+and when hir sonne Arthur could not find means to deliuer hir out of
+captiuitie, he ioined with the king of France, and made great hauocke in
+the lands
+<a name="Page_261" id="Page_261" ></a><span class="pagenum">[261]</span>
+of his vncle king Richard, wherevpon the king gathered a
+mightie armie, and inuading Britaine with great force, cruellie wasted
+and destroied the countrie.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">A dearth.</span>
+Here is also to be noted, that in this seuenth yeare of king Richard, a
+great dearth chanced through this realme of England, and in the coasts
+about the same. Also about the same time died William earle of
+<span class="rightnote">The death of the earle of Salisburie.</span>
+Salisburie, the sonne of earle Patrike, whose daughter and heire king
+Richard gaue in marriage, togither with the earledome of Salisburie,
+vnto his base brother, surnamed Long Esp&eacute;e.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i> <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+It chanced moreouer about the same time, that earle John the kings
+brother, with certeine capteins of such hired souldiors as some call
+Brabanceni; others, the Routs; and the French histories name them
+Costereaux, or Coterels, went abroad to atchiue some enterprise against
+the bishop of Beauuois, and other Frenchmen, which had doone much hurt
+to king Richards subiects in those parties. The ch&eacute;efe leaders of those
+Routs or Costereaux, which went foorth with earle John, and serued vnder
+<span class="rightnote">Marchades &amp; Lupescaro.</span>
+him at that time, were two Prouancois, Marchades &amp; Lupescaro. These
+riding foorth into the countrie about Beauuois made hauocke in robbing
+and spoiling all afore them.</p>
+
+<p>Anon as Philip the bishop of Beauuois, a man more giuen to the campe
+than to the church, had knowledge hereof, thinking them to be a m&eacute;et
+preie for him, with sir William de Merlow and his sonne, and a great
+number of other valiant men of warre, came foorth into the fields, and
+encountring with the enimies, fought verie stoutlie. But yet in the end
+<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Beauuois taken prisoner.</span>
+the bishop, the archdeacon, and all the ch&eacute;efe capteins were taken: the
+residue slaine and chased. After this, earle John and the foresaid
+capteins passed foorth, and wan the towne of Millie, and so returned.</p>
+
+<p>Earle John and Marchades presented the two prelats with great triumph
+vnto K. Richard earlie in the morning, lieng yet in his bed; as those
+that were knowne to be his great enimies, saieng to him in French; "Rise
+Richard, rise, we haue gotten the great chantour of Beauuois, and a good
+quier man (as we take it) to answer him in the same note, and here we
+deliuer them vnto you to vse at your discretion." The king s&eacute;eing them,
+smiled, and was verie glad for the taking of this bishop, for that he
+had euer found him his great aduersarie: and therefore being thus taken
+fighting in the field with armour on his backe, thought he might be bold
+in temporall wise to chastise him: sith he (not regarding his calling)
+practised to molest him with temporall weapons: wherevpon he committed
+him to close prison all armed as he was.</p>
+
+<p>It chanced soone after, that two of his chaplins came vnto the king to
+Rouen, where this bishop was deteined, beseeching the king of licence to
+attend vpon their maister now in captiuitie: vnto whome (as it is of
+some reported) the king made this answer; "I am content to make you
+iudges in the cause betwixt me and your maister, as for the euils which
+he hath either doone, either else gone about to doo vnto me, let the
+same be forgotten. This is true, that I being taken as I returned from
+my iournie made into the holie land, and deliuered into the emperours
+hands, was in respect of my kinglie state, vsed according therevnto
+verie fr&eacute;endlie and honourablie, till your maister comming thither (for
+what purpose he himselfe best knoweth) had long conference with the
+emperour. After which, I for my part in the next morning tasted the
+fruit of their ouernights talke, being then loden with as manie irons as
+a good asse might not verie easilie haue borne. Iudge you therefore,
+what maner of imprisonment your maister deserued at my hands, that
+procured such ease for me at the emperours hands."</p>
+
+<p>The two chaplins had their mouths stopped with these words thus by the
+king vttered, and so departed their waies. The bishop being still
+deteined in prison, procured suit to be made to the pope for his
+deliuerance: but the pope, being truelie informed of the matter, and
+wiselie considering that the king had not taken the bishop preaching,
+but fighting, and kept him prisoner rather as a rough enimie, than as a
+peaceable prelat, would not be earnest with the king for his
+deliuerance, but rather reprooued the bishop, in that he had preferred
+secular warfare before the spirituall, and had taken vpon him the
+<a name="Page_262" id="Page_262" ></a><span class="pagenum">[262]</span>
+vse
+of a speare in st&eacute;ed of a crosier, an helmet in steed of a miter, an
+herbergeon in st&eacute;ed of a white rochet, a target for a stoale, and an
+iron sword in lieu of the spirituall sword: and therefore he refused to
+vse any commandement to king Richard for the setting of him at libertie.
+But yet he promised to doo what he could by waie of intreating that he
+might be released.</p>
+
+<p>It is reported by some writers, that the pope at first, not
+vnderstanding the truth of the whole circumstance, should send to king
+Richard, commanding him by force of the canons of the church to deliuer
+his sons the bishop and archdeacon out of their captiuitie. To whom the
+king sent their armour with this message written in Latine, "Vide an
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Genes. 37.</i></span>
+tunica filij tui sit an non," that is, "See whether these are the
+garments of thy sonnes or not:" alluding to the saieng of those that
+caried Josephs coate to Jacob. Which when the pope saw, he said: "Naie
+by S. Peter, it is neither the apparell of my sonnes, nor yet of my
+brethren: but rather they are the vestures of the children of Mars:" and
+so he left them still to be ransomed at the kings pleasure. The bishop
+thus s&eacute;eing no hope to be deliuered without some agr&eacute;ement had betwixt
+the two kings, became now through irkesomenesse of his bonds, an earnest
+mediatour for peace, whereas before he had beene an extreme stirrer vp
+of war. Such a schoolemaister is imprisonment, &amp; plucker downe of loftie
+courages. But to proceed.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;8.</span>
+About the same time the archbishop of Rouen put all the countrie of
+Normandie vnder sentence of interdiction, bicause king Richard had begun
+<span class="rightnote">Normandie interdicted by y<sup>e</sup> archbishop of Rouen.</span>
+to fortifie a castell at Lisle Dandelie, vpon a p&eacute;ece of ground which
+the archbishop claimed to apperteine vnto his s&eacute;e. The matter was
+brought before the pope, who perceiuing the intent of king Richard was
+not otherwise grounded vpon any couetous purpose to defraud the church
+of hir right, but onelie to build a fortresse in such place as was most
+expedient for defense of the countrie about, to preserue it from
+inuasion of the enimies; he counselled the archbishop not to stand
+against the king in it, but to exchange with him for some other lands:
+which was doone, and the interdiction by the pope released. The bishop
+<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Elie departed this life.</span>
+of Elie lord chancellour, being sent about this businesse towards Rome,
+departed this life by the way at Poictiers, in Januarie.</p>
+
+<p>But the bishops of Durham &amp; Lisieux that were sent with him, passed
+forward, and comming to Rome, informed the pope of the matter, who tooke
+order with the bishops (as before is mentioned.) The king gaue to the
+church in Rouen in recompense, his milles which he had in Rouen, so that
+the said church should paie the almes of old time appointed to be giuen
+for the same. He gaue to the said church likewise the towne of Diepe,
+and the towne of Bussels, so that the church should likewise paie the
+almes assigned foorth of the same, being the summe of 372 pounds of
+Aniouine monie: also the manour of Louers, and the forrest of Alermound
+with the deere and the appurtenances. But now to other dooings.</p>
+
+<p>About the same time, or not long before, whereas there had beene long
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i> The king and the earle of Tholouse agr&eacute;ed.</span>
+contention betwixt the kings of England, and the earles of S. Giles for
+the earldome of Tholouse, king Richard by way of aliance fell now at an
+appointment with the earle Raimond that held those lands; for whereas
+the countesse Constance wife to the said Raimond earle of Tholouse and
+aunt to king Philip was now departed this life, king Richard concluded a
+mariage betweene the said earle and his sister Joane qu&eacute;ene of Sicile,
+sometime wife to William king of Sicile, so that being thus ioined in
+aliance with the said earle of Tholouse on the one side, he procured a
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matt.&nbsp;Paris.</i> The earle of Flanders alied with K. Richard.
+<i>Iacob.&nbsp;Meir.</i> <i>Les annales de France.</i></span>
+league also with Baldwine earle of Flanders on the other, vnto whom he
+gaue fiue thousand markes in reward, vpon condition, that he should
+couenant not to grow to any agr&eacute;ement with the French king without his
+consent. Likewise Reginold the earle of Bolongne, that was sonne to
+earle of Chateau Marline, alied himselfe with them against the French
+king, and so did Baldwine earle of Guines with diuerse other.</p>
+
+<p>Thus King Richard by such aliance hauing his part greatlie strengthened,
+prepared
+<a name="Page_263" id="Page_263" ></a><span class="pagenum">[263]</span>
+himselfe to the warre more earnestlie than before, and tooke
+order with the earle of Flanders, that they should inuade the French
+dominions in two seuerall quarters both at one time, as the earle by
+Flanders, &amp; he himselfe by Normandie, according to the appointment
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Iacob.&nbsp;Meir.</i> <i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i> Towns won by the earle of
+Flanders.</span>
+betwixt them deuised. The earle preparing an armie, first wan the towne
+of Dowaie, and then besieged saint Omers, and wan it after fiue weekes
+siege: wherevpon they of Aire yeelded to him; shortlie after he entred
+into Artois, &amp; besieged the citie of Arras.</p>
+
+<p>At the same time king Richard marching towards Gisors, wan in his waie
+<span class="rightnote">Gisors besieged.</span>
+the castell of Corselles, &amp; destroied it; that doone, he came to Gisors,
+and besieged the towne, wasting all the countrie round about him where
+he came. The French king being thus troubled with the inuasion of his
+enimies in two seuerall places at one present time, sent certeine bands
+of his souldiors towards Arras to k&eacute;epe the earle of Flanders plaie,
+whilest he himselfe went against king Richard: and comming vnto Gisors,
+found it streictlie besieged of the same king, so that he wist not well
+how to enter the towne. But yet at length faigning to giue battell to
+king Richard (who vpon desire to receiue it, came abroad into the field)
+the French king rushed foorth with all his whole force to make towards
+<span class="rightnote">The French king entreth into Gisors.</span>
+the towne, &amp; so got into it, though not without great losse and damage
+of his people.</p>
+
+<p>King Richard not meaning to breake vp his siege from before the towne,
+(notwithstanding the French king had entred it) staied a certeine time
+of purpose to win it, knowing the gaine to be the greater, and his name
+more famous, if he might atchiue his purpose, now that his aduersarie
+<span class="rightnote">K. Richard raiseth his siege.</span>
+was within it, but when he saw it would not be, he raised his siege, and
+departed towards Cleremont, spoiling all the countrie by his forrais as
+he went, so that he wan great pillage, wherewith his souldiers were
+loden and made verie rich.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Hugh de Cheaumount taken prisoner.</span>
+It chanced, that in a skirmish Hugh de Chaumount was taken prisoner, one
+that was of the French kings priuie councell; and king Richard appointed
+him to the k&eacute;eping of Robert Ros, who charged one of his seruants named
+William de Spinie with the custodie of him. But the said Hugh corrupting
+his k&eacute;eper the foresaid William with rewards, (whereof it is said,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ouid. in 3. Art. am. ep. 16.</i></span>
+<span class="i3">&mdash;&mdash; acceptissima semper<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Munera sunt, author qu&aelig; pretiosa facit)<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="nogap">
+<span class="rightnote">Robert Rosse put to his fine for an escape.</span>
+escaped out of the castell of Bonneuille, where he was within ward, to
+the great displeasure of king Richard, who caused Robert Ros to paie for
+a fine, the summe of twelue hundred marks, which the prisoner should
+haue paied for his ransome: and further, commanded William de Spinie to
+be hanged for his disloiall dealing.</p>
+
+<p>King Philip, after that the king of England was remooued from Gisors (as
+before y&eacute;e haue heard) assembled a great host, and with banner
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+displaied, entred into Normandie, and wasted the countrie from Newburge
+to Beaumont le Rogier, and that doone, returned into France, licencing
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Nic.&nbsp;Treuet.</i> The French kings request for a combat.</span>
+his men to returne vnto their homes. About the same time, he sent vnto
+king Richard, requiring him to appoint fiue champions, and he would
+appoint other fiue for his part, which might fight in lists, for triall
+of all matters in controuersie betwixt them, so to auoid the shedding of
+<span class="rightnote">K. Richards answer.</span>
+more giltlesse bloud. King Richard accepted the offer, with condition,
+that either king might be of the number, that is, the French king one of
+the fiue vpon the French part; &amp; K. Richard one of the fiue vpon the
+English part. But this condition would not be granted. Herevpon when
+<span class="yearnote">1197.</span>
+shortlie after it was signified to king Richard, that ships vsed to come
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+out of England to saint Valerie with victuals, which were sold and
+conueied awaie vnto the French K and other his enimies, he rode to saint
+Valeries, and set the towne on fire, and such ships of England as he
+<span class="rightnote">Ships burnt, and mariners hanged.</span>
+found there he also burnt, and hanged the mariners by the necke,
+diuiding the graine and other victuals which were found in the same
+ships amongst his owne souldiors.</p>
+
+<p>
+<a name="Page_264" id="Page_264" ></a><span class="pagenum">[264]</span>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Les annales de France.</i></span>
+About the same time he got the fauour of them of Champaigne and of the
+Britons, and William Crespine also was constreined to deliuer vnto him
+the castell of Auge, but the French king recouered it by siege, whilest
+king Richard entring into Aluergne wan diuerse castels there, to the
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;9.</span>
+number of ten out of king Philips hands. In the meane time the earle of
+Flanders made sore war against the French king for his part, and
+training the same king within streits, so that he was almost inclosed on
+ech side, he constreined him to agr&eacute;e to such composition as pleased the
+same earle to appoint, but afterwards the French king refused to stand
+to the couenants of that agr&eacute;ement, and so the warre continued betwixt
+them as before.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i> One yeare &amp; 4 moneths saith <i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i></span>
+At length king Richard and the French king concluded vpon an abstinence
+of warre to indure from the feast of S. Hilarie for one whole yere,
+purposing in the meane time to make a finall peace and agr&eacute;ement. In
+which season Baldwine earle of Flanders came into England to doo his
+deuotions vnto the shrine where Thomas the archbishop laie buried at
+Canturburie. The same yeare also somewhat before this time, Rise ap
+<span class="rightnote">Griffin king of Wales departed this life.</span>
+Griffin king of Wales departed this life, after whose death there fell
+discord betwixt his sonnes for the succession, till the archbishop
+Hubert went to the marshes of that countrie and made an agr&eacute;ement
+betwixt them. Not long after, Roger the brother of Robert earle of
+Leicester, elected bishop of saint Andrews in Scotland, receiued the
+order of pr&eacute;esthood, and was consecrated bishop by the hands of the
+bishop of Aberdine.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Weights and measures.</span>
+This yeare it was ordeined that measures of all manner of graine should
+conteine one quantitie throughout the realme, that is to saie, one
+resonable horsselode, and that the measures of wine and ale with all
+maner of liquors should be of one iust quantie according to the
+diuersitie of the liquor: also that weights should be of like rate
+throughout the relme, and that cloth should conteine two yards in
+breadth within the lists, of perfect goodnesse throughout, as well in
+the middest as by the sides, and that one manner of yard should be vsed
+through the relme. It was also ordeined that no merchants within the
+realme should hang any red or blacke clothes before their windowes, nor
+set vp any pentises or other thing whereby to darken the light from
+those that came to buy their cloth, so as they might be deceiued in
+choosing thereof.</p>
+
+<p>Also it was enacted that there should be foure or six substantiall
+honest men chosen in euerie towne, and likewise in shires, with the head
+officers of cities and boroughes, which had a corporation, to see that
+the assises aforesaid were truelie kept, and that if anie were found to
+be offending in the premisses, to cause their bodies to be attached and
+commited to prison, and their goods to be seized to the kings vse: and
+if those that were chosen to haue regard thereto, were tried to be
+negligent, so that by others, and not by them any offenders chanced to
+be conuicted before the iustices, then should the regarders be put to
+their fines, for the negligent looking to their offices.</p>
+
+<p>King Richard held his Christmasse this yeare at Roan, and Hubert the
+<span class="yearnote">1198.</span>
+archbishop of Canturburie legat of the apostolike s&eacute;e, named lord ch&eacute;efe
+Justice of England, was about the same time in the marshes of Wales at
+Hereford, and there receiued into his hands the castels of Hereford,
+Bridgenorth and Ludlow, remoouing those that had the same in k&eacute;eping,
+and appointing others in their roomes. Afterwards comming by Couentrie,
+<span class="rightnote">Moonks placed againe in the church of Couentrie.</span>
+he placed the moonks againe in the cathedrall church of that citie, by
+commandement of pope Celestine, and chased out the secular canons, which
+the bishop Hugh Nouant had brought into the same church when he remooued
+the moonks.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Messengers from the stats of Germanie.</span>
+In the Christmasse w&eacute;eke also there came messengers to Rouen from the
+archbishops of Cullen and Mentz, and from other states of the empire,
+which declared vnto king Richard, that all the princes of Germanie were
+appointed to assemble at Cullen, the two &amp; twentith of Februarie, about
+the choosing of a new emperour, in place of the late deceassed Henrie:
+and therefore they commanded him by force of the oth and league in which
+he was bound to the emperour and empire, that all excuse of deniall or
+occasions to the contrarie ceasing and set apart, he should make his
+repaire vnto Cullen at the aforesaid day, to helpe them in choosing of
+some worthie personage that might and was
+<a name="Page_265" id="Page_265" ></a><span class="pagenum">[265]</span>
+able to haue the empire. King
+Richard doubting to put himselfe in danger, bicause he had not
+discharged all the debts due for his ransome, staied at home, but yet he
+sent diuerse noble men thither, and did so much in fauour of his nephue
+Otho, that by the helpe of the foresaid two archbishops of Cullen and
+Mentz, the same Otho was elected emperour. But of this matter more shall
+be said hereafter.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Three hundred knights of men of armes to be found.</span>
+Moreouer, about the same time king Richard required by the archbishop of
+Canturburie his ch&eacute;efe iustice, an aid of 300 knights to be found by his
+subiects of England, to remaine with him in his seruice for one whole
+yeare, or else that they would giue him so much monie, as might serue to
+reteine that number after the rate of thr&eacute;e shillings a daie of English
+monie for euerie knight. Whereas all other were contented to be
+<span class="rightnote">The bishop of Lincolne.</span>
+contributors herein, onelie Hugh bishop of Lincolne refused, and spake
+sore against the archbishop that moued the matter. But how soeuer that
+request tooke place, king Richard (as we find) leuied this yeare a
+subsidie of fiue shillings of euerie hide of land within the realme, two
+commissioners, that is to say, one of the spiritualtie, &amp; a knight of
+the temporaltie, being appointed as commissioners in euerie shire, with
+the assistance of the shiriffe, and others, to s&eacute;e the same assessed &amp;
+rated after an hundred acres of land to the hide of land, according to
+the custome.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The moonks of Christes church send to the pope, complaining
+of their archbishop.</span>
+The same yeare also the moonks of the house of the holie Trinitie,
+otherwise called Christes church in Canturburie, exhibited their
+complaint vnto pope Innocent, that their archbishop Hubert (contrarie to
+his order and dignitie) exercised the office of high iustice, and sate
+in iudgement of bloud, being so incumbred in temporall matters, that he
+could not haue time to discharge his office touching spirituall causes:
+<span class="rightnote">The pope sendeth to the king.</span>
+wherevpon the pope sent vnto king Richard, admonishing him not to suffer
+the said archbishop to be any longer troubled with temporall affaires,
+but to discharge him thereof, and not to admit any spirituall person
+from thencefoorth vnto any temporall administration.</p>
+
+<p>He further prohibited by vertue of their obedience, all manner of
+prelats and men of the church, that they should not presume rashlie to
+take vpon them any maner of secular function or office. Whervpon the
+archbishop was discharged of his office of ch&eacute;efe iustice, and Geffrey
+Fitz Peter succ&eacute;eded in gouernement of the realme in his st&eacute;ed. &para;
+Geruasius Dorobernensis saith, that the archbishop resigned that office
+of his owne accord, and that not till after his returne from the marshes
+of Wales, where he had ouerthrowne the Welshmen, and slaine fiue
+thousand of them. Which victorie other ascribe vnto Geffrey Fitz Peter,
+which Geffrey (as the said Dorobernensis saith) succeeded the archbishop
+in the office of lord cheefe iustice, but not vntill August, in the
+tenth yeare of the kings reigne.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="yearnote">An.&nbsp;Reg.&nbsp;10.</span>
+In this yeare, immediatlie vpon the expiring of the truce which was
+taken till haruest might be ended, the warre betwixt the two kings of
+England &amp; France began eftsoones to be pursued with like earnestnesse as
+before: wherevpon manie encounters chanced betwixt the parties, with
+taking of townes and fortresses, as commonlie in such cases it
+happeneth. Twise the French king was put to the worsse, once in
+September betwixt Gamages and Vernon, where he was driuen to saue
+himselfe by flight, loosing twentie knights, and thr&eacute;escore seruitors or
+yomen, which were taken, besides those that were slaine: and againe, in
+the same moneth on Michaelmasse euen betwixt Curseilles and Gisors, at
+what time he came to succour Curseilles, bringing with him 400 knights,
+besides seruitors, and a great multitude of commons. But the castell was
+woone before he could approch it.</p>
+
+<p>King Richard being aduertised of his comming, hasted foorth to m&eacute;et him,
+and giuing the onset vpon him, forced him to fl&eacute;e vnto Gisors, where at
+the entring of the bridge there was such preasse, that the bridge brake,
+so that amongst other, the king himselfe with his horsse and all fell
+<span class="rightnote">King Philip almost drowned.</span>
+into the riuer of Geth, and with much adoo was releeued, and got out of
+the water, no small number of right hardie and valiant gentlemen being
+taken at the same time, which put themselues forward to staie the
+Englishmen, till the king was recouered
+<a name="Page_266" id="Page_266" ></a><span class="pagenum">[266]</span>
+out of the present danger. To
+conclude, there were taken to the number of an hundred knights, and two
+<span class="rightnote">Seuen score saith <i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i> <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i> <i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+hundred barded horsses, besides seruitors on horssebacke, and footmen
+with crossebowes. Amongst other prisoners these are named, Matthew de
+Montmorancie, Gales de Ports, Iollen de Bray, and manie other also
+innumerable. King Richard hauing got this victorie, wrote letters
+thereof vnto the archbishops, bishops, abbats, earles and barons of his
+realme, that they might praise God for his good successe.</p>
+
+<p>&para; A notable example to all princes that haue the conquest ouer their
+enimies, to referre the happie getting thereof to God, and to giue
+praise vnto him who giueth victorie vnto whom it pleaseth him. Which the
+Psalmograph saw verie well, and therefore ascribed all the issue of his
+prosperous affaires to God, as may well be noted by his words, saieng
+expresselie,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Eob. Hess. in Psal. 144.</i></span>
+<span class="i6">&mdash;&mdash; ab illo<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Munior, hic instar turris &amp; arcis erat,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dura manus in bella meas qui format &amp; armat,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ad fera qui digitos instruit arma meos.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Now will we staie the proceedings of the king of France at this time,
+and make no further relation thereof for a while, till we haue touched
+other things that happened in England at the same season. And first ye
+shall vnderstand, that Hugh Bardolfe, Roger Arundell, and Geffrey
+Hachet, to whom as iustices, the counties of Lincolne, Notingham, Yorke,
+Derbie, Northumberland, Westmerland, Cumberland, and Lancaster were
+appointed for circuits, held not onelie pl&eacute;es of assises, and of the
+<span class="rightnote">Inquisitions taken.</span>
+crowne, but also tooke inquisitions of escheats, and forfaitures of all
+maner of transgressions, and of donations of benefices, of marriages of
+widowes and maids, and other such like things as apperteined to the
+king, whereby any aduantages grew to his vse, the which for tediousnesse
+we passe ouer. These things were streightlie looked vnto, not without
+the disquieting of manie.</p>
+
+<p>Herewith came an other trouble in the necke of this former, to diuerse
+persons within the realme, through inquiries taken by the iustices of
+the forrests: for Hugh Neuille, Hugh Waley, and Heruisius Neuill,
+appointed iustices itinerants in that case, were commanded by the king
+to call before them archbishops, bishops, earles, barons, knights, and
+fr&eacute;eholders, with the reeue, and foure of the substantiall men of euerie
+<span class="rightnote">Ordinances of forrests.</span>
+towne or village, to heare and take knowledge of the kings commandement,
+touching the ordinances of forrests, the which were verie straight in
+sundrie points, so that whereas before those that offended in killing of
+the kings deere were punished by the purse, now they should loose their
+eies and genitals, as the lawe was in the daies of king Henrie his
+grandfather: and those that offended in cutting downe woods or bushes,
+or in digging and deluing vp of turues and clods, or by any other maner
+of waie made waste and distruction in woods or grasse, or spoile of
+venison, within the precinct of the forrests, contrarie to order, they
+should be put to their fines.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Pr&eacute;ests to be arrested offending in forrests.</span>
+He gaue commandement also, that it should be lawful to the forresters to
+take and put vnder arrest, as well pr&eacute;ests and those of the cleargie, as
+temporall men, being found offendors in forrest grounds and chases.
+Manie other ordinances were decr&eacute;ed touching the preseruation of
+forrests, and the kings prerogatiue, aduantages and profits rising and
+growing by the same, as well for sauing of his woods and wasts, as in
+pannage and agistements, greatlie to the restraint of them that might
+vsurpe or incroch vpon the grounds within the compasse of his forrests.</p>
+
+<p>Ye haue heard before, how the moonks of Canturburie did send to exhibit
+a complaint to the pope, for that their archbishop tooke vpon him to
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i></span>
+deale in exercise of matters belonging to a temporall man, and not to
+such a one as had rule ouer the spiritualtie: but this was not the cause
+that did gr&eacute;eue them so much, as that he went forward with the erection
+of that church at Lameth, which his predecessor archbishop Baldwine had
+first
+<a name="Page_267" id="Page_267" ></a><span class="pagenum">[267]</span>
+begun at Haketon, now called S. Stephans (as before ye haue
+heard) and after was driuen through the importunate suit of the moonks
+to leaue off, and race that which he had there begun, to obeie the popes
+<span class="rightnote">The church of Lameth.</span>
+pleasure: and after laid a new foundation at Lameth.</p>
+
+<p>The moonks of Canturburie therefore still fearing least that church
+should greatlie preiudice such rights and liberties, as they pretended,
+namlie in the election of their archbishop, would neuer rest, but still
+complained and followed their suit in most obstinate maner in the court
+of Rome, as well in the daies of the said Baldwine, as now against
+Hubert, (when he tooke in hand to continue the worke according to the
+purpose of his predecessour the said Baldwine, which was to haue
+instituted a colledge there, and to haue placed secular canons in the
+same) and such was the earnest trauell of the moonks herein, that in the
+end now after the deceasse of pope Celestine, they found such fauour at
+the hands of pope Innocent his successor, that the same Innocent
+<span class="rightnote">The pope c&#333;mandeth the church of Lameth to be raced.</span>
+directed his letters of c&#333;mandement to the archbishop, and other
+bishops of this land, to destroie and race the same foundation, as a
+p&eacute;ece of worke derogatorie to the s&eacute;e of Canturburie, and verie
+preiudiciall to the estate of holie church.</p>
+
+<p>The archbishop at the first trusted to be borne out by the king (who was
+highlie offended with the moonks for their presumptuous dealing) and
+therefore refused to obeie the popes commandement. The king in deed
+stomached the matter so highlie, that he sent letters vnto the moonks by
+no worsse messengers than by Geffrey Fitz Peter, and Hugh Fitz Bardolfe
+his iustices, signifieng to them not onelie his high displeasure for
+their presumptuous proceedings in their suit without his consent, but
+also commanding them to surceasse, and not to proc&eacute;ed further in the
+matter by virtue of any such the popes letters, which they had purchased
+contrarie to the honour and dignitie of his crowne and realme. Moreouer,
+he wrote to the bishops, commanding them to appeale; and to the
+archbishop, forbidding him in any wise to breake downe the church which
+he had so builded at Lameth.</p>
+
+<p>The shiriffe of Kent also was commanded to seize into his hands all the
+<span class="rightnote">The presumtuous stoutnesse of the moonks.</span>
+tenements and possessions that belonged to the moonks (a frie of satan
+and as one saith verie well of them and the like leuen of lewdnesse,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; sentina malorum,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Agnorum sub pelle lupi, mercede colentes<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Non pietate Deum, &amp;c.)<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="nogap">who neuer the lesse were so stout in that quarell, that they would not
+prolong one daie of the time appointed by the pope for the racing of
+that church. Herevpon the king for his part and the bishops in their
+owne behalfes wrote to the pope. Likewise the abbats of Boxeley, Fourd,
+Stratford, Roberts-bridge, Stanlie, and Basing Warke, wrote the matter
+to him: and againe the pope and the cardinals wrote to the king, to the
+archbishops, and bishops: and so letters passed to and fro, till at
+length the pope sent a Nuncio of purpose, to signifie his full
+determination, as in the next yeare it shall be shewed at full.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Welshmen vanquished. <i>Ger.&nbsp;Dor.</i> ascribeth this victorie vnto
+Hubert archb. of Canturburie and saith there were slaine about 500 of
+the enimies.<br />
+Mauds castle.</span>
+About the same time Geffrey Fitz Peter, lord cheefe iustice of England,
+raised a power of men, and went into Wales to succour the tenants of
+William de Brause, which were besieged of the king, or rather prince of
+that countrie, named Owen, the brother of Cadwalaine, in Mauds castell:
+but the lord ch&eacute;efe iustice comming to the reskue of them within, gaue
+battell to the aduersaries, and vanquishing them slue three thousand of
+them, and seauen hundred of those that were taken prisoners and wounded.
+And all the while the warres continued in France, the losse for the most
+part still redounded to the Frenchmen. Earle John burnt Newburg, and
+tooke eighteene knights of such as were sent to the reskue.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The earle of Leicester.</span>
+The earle of Leicester with a small companie came before the castell of
+Pascie, which (although the Frenchmen held it) did yet of right belong
+vnto the said earle. The souldiors within issued foorth, and being too
+strong for the earle, caused him to flee, for otherwise
+<a name="Page_268" id="Page_268" ></a><span class="pagenum">[268]</span>
+he had b&eacute;ene
+taken. But returning on the morrow after with more companie about him,
+and laieng ambushes for the enimie, he approched the said castell, and
+trained the Frenchmen foorth till he had them within his danger, and
+then causing his men to breake out vpon them tooke an eight&eacute;ene knights,
+<span class="rightnote">Marchades.</span>
+and a great multitude of other people. Also Marchades with his rout of
+Brabanders did the Frenchmen much hurt, in robbing and spoiling the
+countries.</p>
+
+<p>About this season the archbishop of Canturburie went ouer into Normandie
+to speake with king Richard, and at the French kings request he passed
+into France, to common with him of peace, which the French king offered
+to conclude, in restoring all the townes and castels which he had taken
+(Gisors onelie excepted) and touching the possession and title thereof,
+he was contented to put the matter in compremise, to the order and award
+of six barons in Normandie to be named by him; and of six barons in
+France which king Richard should name. But king Richard would not thus
+agr&eacute;e, except the earle of Flanders and others which had forsaken the
+French king to take his part, might be comprised in the same peace. At
+length yet in Nouember, there was truce taken betwixt the two kings till
+the feast of S. Hilarie next insuing.</p>
+
+<p>In the meane time pope Innocent the third, vnderstanding in what present
+danger things stood in the holie land, and on the other side,
+<span class="rightnote">A truce taken betwixt the two kings.</span>
+considering what a weakening it was vnto christendome, to haue these two
+kings thus to warre with mortall hatred one against the other: he
+thought it stood him vpon to trauell betwixt them, to bring them vnto
+some peace and agreement. H&eacute;erevpon he dispatched one Peter the
+cardinall of Capua into France, as legat from the s&eacute;e of Rome, vnto the
+two foresaid kings, to instruct them in what present danger the state of
+the christians in Asia presentlie stood, so that without the aid of them
+and of other christian princes, it could not be holpen, but needs it
+must come to vtter ruine, and the Saracens yer long to be possessed of
+the whole. Therefore both in respect hereof, and also for the auoiding
+of the further wilfull spilling of christian bloud in such ciuill<a name="FNanchor_6_17" id="FNanchor_6_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a> and
+vngodlie warre, he besought them to staie their hands, and to ioine in
+some fr&eacute;endlie band of concord, whereby they might with mutuall consent
+bestow their seruice in that necessarie and most godlie warre, wherein
+by ouercomming the enimies of Christ, they might looke for worthie
+reward at his hands, which is the fr&eacute;e giuer of all victories.<a name="FNanchor_6_18" id="FNanchor_6_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a></p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="yearnote">1199.</span>
+The cardinall comming into France, and dooing his message in most
+earnest wise, was present at the interuiew appointed betwixt the two
+kings in the feast of S. Hilarie, but yet could not he bring his purpose
+<span class="rightnote"><i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i> A truce concluded for fiue yeares.</span>
+to full effect: onelie he procured them to take truce for the term of
+fiue yeares, farther he could not get them to agr&eacute;e. &para; The fault by
+authors is ascribed aswell to king Richard, as to king Philip: for king
+Richard being first euill vsed, and put to hinderance, determined either
+to vanquish, or neuer to giue place.</p>
+
+<p>This forbearance from warre was concluded and taken in the yeare 1199
+after the incarnation, and tenth of king Richards reigne. But
+immediatlie after, there arose matter of new displeasure betwixt these
+two kings to k&eacute;epe their minds in vre with secret grudges, though by
+reason of the truce they outwardlie absteined from declaring it by force
+<span class="rightnote">Contention about the choosing of the emperour.</span>
+of armes. It chanced that in the election of a new emperour, the
+electors could not agr&eacute;e, one part of them choosing Otho duke of
+Saxonie, nephue to king Richard by his sister Maud, and another part of
+them naming Philip duke of Tuscaine, and brother to the last emperour
+Henrie.</p>
+
+<p>King Richard (as reason was) did procure what fauour he could to the
+furtherance of his nephue Otho: and king Philip on the contrarie part,
+did what he could in fauour of the foresaid Philip. At length Otho was
+admitted by the pope to end the strife: but yet the grudge remained in
+the harts of the two kings: Philip finding himselfe much gr&eacute;eued in that
+he had missed his purpose, and Richard being as little pleased for
+<a name="Page_269" id="Page_269" ></a><span class="pagenum">[269]</span>
+that
+he had woone his so hardlie, and with so much adoo. And thus matters
+passed for that yeare.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote"><i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i> The popes letters to the king for the church of
+Lameth.</span>
+In the beginning of the next, the popes Nuncio came with letters, not
+onlie to the archbishop and bishops of England, but also to the king
+himselfe, signifieng the popes resolute decree touching the church and
+colledge of Lameth to be broken downe and suppressed. Wherevpon the king
+and archbishop (though sore against their willes) when they saw no waie
+longer to shift off the matter, y&eacute;elded to the popes pleasure: and so
+the archbishop sent his letters to Lameth, where the 21 daie of Januarie
+they were read, and the 27 daie of the same moneth was the church cast
+downe, &amp; the canons which were alreadie these placed, had commandement
+to depart from thence without further delaie. Thus the moonks in dispite
+<span class="rightnote">The moonks borne out by the pope.</span>
+of the king and archbishop had their willes, but yet their vexation
+ceassed not, for the king and archbishop bearing them no small euill
+will, for that they had so obteined their purpose contrarie to their
+minds and intents, molested them diuerse waies, although the moonks
+still vpon complaint to the pope, were verie much releeued, and found
+great freendship both with him and likewise with his court. &para; So that it
+may be obserued that these dishclouts of the popes kitchen haue in all
+ages, since their first quickening b&eacute;ene troublesome and mutinous,
+sawcie and insolent, proud<a name="FNanchor_6_19" id="FNanchor_6_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a> and malapert. But,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="rightnote"><i>M. Pal. in suo sag.</i></span>
+<span class="i0">Proh pudor! hos tolerare potest ecclesia porcos,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">C&ugrave;m sint lasciui nimi&ugrave;m, nimi&uacute;mq; superbi,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Duntax&agrave;t ventri, veneri somn&oacute;q; vacantes?<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>In this meane time, king Richard being now at rest from troubles of
+warre, studied busilie to prouide monie, meaning to make a new voiage
+into the holie land. Therefore finding himselfe beare of treasure, by
+<span class="rightnote">A tax. <br />
+Fiue shillings of euerie plough land, as saith <i>Matt.&nbsp;Westm.</i><br />
+Chasteau Galiard built.</span>
+reason of the French warres had emptied his cofers, he set a great tax
+vpon his subiects, and by that meanes, hauing recouered a great summe,
+he builded that notable strong castell in Normandie, vpon the banke of
+the riuer of Saine, named Chateau Galiard: which when it was finished he
+fell a iesting thereat and said; "Behold, is not this a faire daughter
+of one yeares growth." The soile where this castell was builded,
+belonged to the archbishop of Rouen, for which there followed great
+strife betwixt the king and the archbishop, till the pope tooke vp the
+matter (as before ye haue heard.)</p>
+
+<p>After this, he determined to chastise certeine persons in Poictou, which
+during the warres betwixt him and the French king, had aided the
+<span class="rightnote">Images of an emperour and of his wife &amp; children all of fine
+gold. The annales of Aquitaine.</span>
+Frenchmen against him: wherevpon with an armie he passed foorth towards
+them, but by the waie he was informed, that one Widomer a vicount in the
+countrie of Britaine, had found great treasure: and therefore pretending
+a right thereto by vertue of his prerogatiue, he sent for the vicount,
+who smelling out the matter, and supposing the king would not be
+indifferent in parting the treasure, fled into Limosin, where although
+the people were tributaries to the king of England, yet they tooke part
+with the French king.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Chalus Cheuerell. <i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+There is a towne in that countrie called Chalus Cheuerell, into which
+the said vicount retired for safegard of himselfe, and then gaue the
+townesmen a great portion of treasure, to the end they should defend him
+and his quarell for the rest. King Richard still following him, as one
+that could not auoid his fatall ordinance, hasted into the confines of
+Limosin, fullie determining either to win the towne by force, if the
+inhabitants should make resistance, or at leastwise, to get into his
+hands the preie, which he so earnestlie pursued. At his first approch he
+<span class="rightnote">K. Richard besiegeth Chalus.</span>
+gaue manie fierce assaults to the towne, but they within hauing
+throughlie prouided aforehand for to defend a siege, so resisted his
+attempts, that within thr&eacute;e daies after his comming, he ceassed to
+assaile the towne, meaning to vndermine the walles, which otherwise he
+perceiued would verie hardlie be gotten; considering the stoutnesse of
+them within, and withall, the naturall strength and situation of the
+place it selfe.</p>
+
+<p>Herevpon therefore on the 26 of March, whiles he (togither with capteine
+Marchades)
+<a name="Page_270" id="Page_270" ></a><span class="pagenum">[270]</span>
+went about vnaduisedlie to view the towne (the better to
+consider the place which waie he might conueie the course of his mine)
+<span class="rightnote">He is wounded.</span>
+they came so farre within danger, that the king was stricken in the left
+arme, or (as some write) in the shoulder, where it ioined to the necke,
+with a quarell inuenomed (as is to be supposed by the sequele.) Being
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Ra.&nbsp;Niger.</i></span>
+thus wounded, he gat to his horsse, and rode home againe to his lodging,
+where he caused the wound to be searched and bound vp, and as a man
+nothing dismaid therewith, continued his siege with such force and
+assurance, that within 12 daies after the mishap, the towne was y&eacute;elded
+vnto him, although verie little treasure (to make any great accompt of)
+was at that time found therein.</p>
+
+<p>In this meane season, the king had committed the cure of his wound to
+one of Marchades his surgions, who taking in hand to plucke out the
+quarell, drew foorth onelie the shaft at the first<a name="FNanchor_6_20" id="FNanchor_6_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a>, and left the iron
+still within, and afterwards going about most vnskilfullie to get foorth
+the head of the said quarell, he vsed such incisions, and so mangled the
+<span class="rightnote">The king despaired of life.</span>
+kings arme, yer he could cut it, that he himself despaired of all helpe
+and longer life, affirming flatlie to such as stood about him, that he
+could not long continue by reason of his butcherlie handling. To be
+short f&eacute;eling himselfe to wax weaker and weaker, preparing his mind to
+death, which he perceiued now to be at hand, he ordeined his testament,
+<span class="rightnote">He ordeineth his testament.</span>
+or rather reformed and added sundrie things vnto the same which he
+before had made, at the time of his gooing foorth towards the holie
+land.</p>
+
+<p>Vnto his brother Iohn he assigned the crowne of England, and all other
+his lands and dominions, causing the Nobles there present to sweare
+fealtie vnto him. His monie, his iewels, and all other his goods
+<span class="rightnote"><i>R.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+mooueable he willed to be diuided into thr&eacute;e parts, of the which Otho
+the emperor his sisters sonne to haue one, his houshold seruants an
+other part, and the third to be distributed to the poore. Finallie
+remembring himselfe also of the place of his buriall, he commanded that
+his bodie should be interred at Fonteurard at his fathers feet, but he
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+willed his heart to be conueied vnto Rouen, and there buried, in
+testimonie of the loue which he had euer borne vnto that citie for the
+stedfast faith and tried loialtie at all times found in the citizens
+there. His bowels he ordeined to be buried in Poictiers, as in a place
+naturallie vnthankefull and not worthie to reteine any of the more
+honorable parts of his bodie.</p>
+
+<p>Moreouer he caused the arcubalistar that wounded him, to be sought out,
+whose name was Barthram de Garden<a name="FNanchor_6_21" id="FNanchor_6_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a>, or Peter Basill (for so he named
+himselfe as some write) who being brought before the king, he demanded
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Rog.&nbsp;Houed.</i></span>
+wherein he had so much offended him, that he should so lie in wait to
+slea him, rather than Marchades, who was then in his companie, and
+attendant on his person? The other answered boldlie againe, saieng; "I
+purposed to kill thee, bicause thou sluest my father, and two of my
+brethren heretofore, and wouldest also now haue slaine me, if I had
+happened to fall into thy hands. Wherefore I intended to reuenge their
+deaths, not caring in the meane time what became of my selfe, so that I
+might in anie wise obteine my will of th&eacute;e, who in such sort hast bereft
+me of my freends." The king harkening vnto his words, and pondering his
+<span class="rightnote">A notable example of forgiuing an enimie. <i>Matth.&nbsp;Paris.</i></span>
+talke by good aduisement, fr&eacute;elie pardoned him, and withall commanded
+that he should be set at libertie, and thereto haue an hundred shillings
+giuen him in his pursse, and so to be let go. Moreouer, he gaue strait
+charge that no<a name="FNanchor_6_22" id="FNanchor_6_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a> man should hurt him, or s&eacute;eke any reuenge for this his
+death hereafter. Thus the penitent prince not onelie forgaue, but also
+rewarded his aduersarie. Howbeit after his deceasse, Marchades getting
+him into his hands, first caused the skin to be stripped off his bodie,
+and after hanged him on a gibit.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">King Richard departed this life.</span>
+At length king Richard by force of sicknesse (increased with anguish of
+his incurable wound) departed this life, on the tuesdaie before
+Palmesundaie, being the ninth of Aprill, and the xj. daie after he was
+hurt, in the yeare after the birth of our Sauiour 1199. in the 44 yeare
+of his age, and after he had reigned nine yeares, nine moneths, and od
+<span class="rightnote">His stature &amp; shape of bodie. <i>Gal.&nbsp;Vinsaf.</i></span>
+daies: he left no issue behind him. He was tall of stature, and well
+proportioned, faire and comelie of face, so as in his countenance
+appeared much fauour and grauitie, of haire
+<a name="Page_271" id="Page_271" ></a><span class="pagenum">[271]</span>
+bright aborne, as it were
+betwixt red and yellow, with long armes, and nimble in all his ioints
+his thighes and legs were of due proportion, and answerable to the other
+parts of his bodie.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">His disposition of mind.</span>
+As he was comelie of personage, so was he of stomach more couragious and
+fierce, so that not without cause, he obteined the surname of Cueur de
+lion, that is to saie, The lions hart. Moreouer he was courteous to his
+souldiors, and towards his fr&eacute;ends and strangers that resorted vnto him
+verie liberall, but to his enimies hard and not to be intreated,
+desirous of battell, an enimie to rest and quietnesse, verie eloquent of
+speech and wise, but readie to enter into ieopardies, and that without
+feare or forecast in time of greatest perils.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">The vices that were in king Richard.</span>
+These were his vertuous qualities, but his vices (if his vertues, his
+age, and the wars which he mainteined were throughlie weied) were either
+none at all, or else few in number, and not verie notorious. He was
+noted of the common people to be partlie subiect vnto pride, which
+surelie for the most part foloweth stoutnesse of mind: of incontinencie,
+to the which his youth might happilie be somewhat bent: and of
+couetousnesse, into the which infamie most captieins and such princes as
+commonlie follow the warres doo oftentimes fall, when of the necessitie
+they are driuen to exact monie, as well of fr&eacute;ends as enimies, to
+mainteine the infinit charges of their wars.</p>
+
+<p>Hereof it came, that on a time whiles he soiourned in France about his
+warres, which he held against K. Philip, there came vnto him a French
+<span class="rightnote">Fulco a pr&eacute;est.</span>
+pr&eacute;est whose name was Fulco, who required the K. in any wise to put from
+him thr&eacute;e abhominable daughters which he had, and to bestow them in
+marriage, least God punished him for them. Thou liest hypocrite (said
+the king) to thy verie face, for all the world knoweth that I haue not
+one daughter. I lie not (said the pr&eacute;est) for thou hast thr&eacute;e daughters,
+one of them is called pride, the second couetousnesse, and the third
+lecherie. With that the king, called to him his lords &amp; barons, and said
+to them; "This hypocrite heere hath required me to marrie awaie my thr&eacute;e
+daughters, which (as he saith) I cherish, nourish, foster and mainteine,
+that is to say pride, couetousnesse, and lecherie. And now that I haue
+found out necessarie &amp; fit husbands for them, I will doo it with effect,
+and seeke no more delaies. I therefore bequeath my pride to the high
+minded templers and hospitallers, which are as proud as Lucifer
+himselfe. My couetousnesse I giue vnto the white moonks, otherwise
+called of the Cisteaux order, for they couet the diuell and all. My
+lecherie I commit to the prelates of the church, who haue most pleasure
+and felicitie therein."</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Baldwine &amp; Hubert archbishops of Canturburie.</span>
+There liued in the daies of this king Richard, men of worthie fame
+amongst those of the cleargie, Baldwine archbishop of Canturburie, and
+Hubert who succeeded him in that s&eacute;e, also Hugh bishop of Lincolne, a
+man for his worthinesse of life highlie to be commended. Moreouer,
+William bishop of Elie, who though otherwise he was to be dispraised for
+his ambition and pompous hautinesse, yet the king vsed his seruice for a
+time greatlie to his profit and aduancement of the publike affaires.
+Also of learned men we find diuerse in these daies that flourished here
+in this land, as Baldwine of Deuonshire that came to the bishop of
+Worcester in this kings time, and after his deceasse, he was aduanced to
+the gouernment of the archbishops s&eacute;e of Canturburie, who wrote diuerse
+<span class="rightnote"><i>Iohn&nbsp;Bales.</i></span>
+treatises, namelie of matters perteining to diuinitie. Daniell Morley
+well seene in the Mathematicals, Iohn de Hexam, and Richard de Hexham
+two notable historicians; Guilielmus Stephanides a moonke of
+Canturburie, who wrote much in the praise of archbishop Becket. Beside
+these, we find one Richard, that was an abbat of the order
+Premonstratensis, Richard Diuisiensis, Nicholas Walkington, Robert de
+Bello Foco, an excellent philosopher, &amp;c. &para; See Bale in his third
+Centurie.</p>
+
+<p>In martiall renowme there flourished in this kings daies diuerse noble
+capteines, as Robert earle of Leicester, Ranulfe de Fulgiers, two of the
+Bardulphes, Hugh and Henrie, thr&eacute;e Williams, Marshall, Brunell, and
+Mandeuill, with two Roberts, Ros and Sabeuile. Furthermore, I find that
+<span class="rightnote">A great derth.</span>
+in the daies of this king Richard, a great derth reigned in England,
+<a name="Page_272" id="Page_272" ></a><span class="pagenum">[272]</span>
+and also in France, for the space of three or foure yeares during the
+wars betw&eacute;ene him &amp; king Philip, so that after his returne out of
+Germanie, and from imprisonment, a quarter of wheat was sold at 18
+shillings eight pence, no small price in those daies, if you consider
+the alay of monie then currant.</p>
+
+<p>Also immediatlie after, that is to say, in the yeare of our Lord, a
+thousand, one hundred, nintie six, which was about the seuenth yere of
+<span class="rightnote">A great mortalitie of people. <i>Wil.&nbsp;Paruus.</i></span>
+the said kings reigne, there followed a maruellous sore death, which
+dailie consumed such numbers of people, that scarse there might be found
+any to k&eacute;epe and looke to those that were sicke, or to burie them that
+died. Which sickenesse was a pestilentiall feuer or sharpe burning ague.
+The accustomed manner of buriall was also neglected: so that in manie
+places they made great pits, and threw their dead bodies into the same,
+one vpon an other. For the multitude of them that died was such, that
+they could not haue time to make for euerie one a seuerall graue. This
+mortalitie continued for the space of fiue or six months, and at length
+ceassed in the cold season of winter.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="rightnote">Two sunnes.</span>
+In the octaues of Pentecost before this great death, in the first houre
+of the day, there appeared two sunnes, the true sunne &amp; another, as it
+were a counterfeit sunne: but so apparentlie, that hard it was to the
+common people, to discerne the one from the other. The skilfull also
+were compelled by instruments to distinguish the one from the other: in
+taking their altitudes and places, whereby in the end they found the new
+apparition, as it were, to wait vpon the planet, and so continued by the
+space of certeine houres. At length when the beholders (of whom Wil.
+Paruus that recorded things in that age was one) had well wearied their
+eies in diligent marking the maner of this strange appearance, the
+counterfeit sunne vanished awaie.</p>
+
+<p>&para; This strange woonder was taken for a signification of that which
+followed, that is to say, of war, famine and pestilence: or to say the
+truth, it betokened rather the continuance of two of those mischiefs.
+For warre and famine had sore afflicted the people before that time, and
+as yet ceassed not: but as for the pestilence, it began soone after the
+strange sight, whereof insued such effect, as I haue alreadie rehearsed.</p>
+
+
+<p class="lastline">Thus farre king Richard.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<h3 >Transcriber's notes</h3>
+
+<p>There are no footnotes in the original. The original spelling and
+punctuation have been retained, with the exception of obvious errors
+which have been corrected by reference to the 1587 edition of which
+the original is a transcription.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_6_1" id="Footnote_6_1"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_6_1">
+<span class="label">[1]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'where'; corrected to 'were'.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_6_2" id="Footnote_6_2"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_6_2">
+<span class="label">[2]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'whith'; corrected to 'with'.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_6_3" id="Footnote_6_3"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_6_3">
+<span class="label">[3]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'were'; corrected to 'where'.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_6_4" id="Footnote_6_4"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_6_4">
+<span class="label">[4]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'be Camuille'; corrected to 'de Camuille'.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_6_5" id="Footnote_6_5"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_6_5">
+<span class="label">[5]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'which tossed them them'; corrected to 'which tossed them'.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_6_6">
+<span class="label">[6]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'connterfet'; corrected to 'counterfet'.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_6_7" id="Footnote_6_7"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_6_7">
+<span class="label">[7]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'holi&eacute;'; corrected to 'holie'.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_6_8" id="Footnote_6_8"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_6_8">
+<span class="label">[8]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'easile'; corrected to 'easilie'.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_6_9" id="Footnote_6_9"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_6_9">
+<span class="label">[9]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'forfied'; corrected to 'fortified'.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_6_10" id="Footnote_6_10"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_6_10">
+<span class="label">[10]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'wearie dwith'; corrected to 'wearied with'.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_6_11" id="Footnote_6_11"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_6_11">
+<span class="label">[11]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'Houden'; corrected to 'Houeden'.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_6_12" id="Footnote_6_12"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_6_12">
+<span class="label">[12]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'a might br&eacute;ed as'; corrected to 'as might br&eacute;ed a'.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_6_13" id="Footnote_6_13"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_6_13">
+<span class="label">[13]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'Lancastsr'; corrected to 'Lancaster'.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_6_14" id="Footnote_6_14"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_6_14">
+<span class="label">[14]</span>
+  </a> Original reads "de' Rancin"; corrected to "de Rancin".</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_6_15" id="Footnote_6_15"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_6_15">
+<span class="label">[15]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'aud'; corrected to 'and'.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_6_16" id="Footnote_6_16"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_6_16">
+<span class="label">[16]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'wherepon'; corrected to 'wherevpon'.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_6_17" id="Footnote_6_17"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_6_17">
+<span class="label">[17]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'eiuill'; corrected to 'ciuill'.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_6_18" id="Footnote_6_18"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_6_18">
+<span class="label">[18]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'victories,'; corrected to 'victories.'.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_6_19" id="Footnote_6_19"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_6_19">
+<span class="label">[19]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'insolent,ro ud'; corrected to 'insolent, proud'.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_6_20" id="Footnote_6_20"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_6_20">
+<span class="label">[20]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'at he first'; corrected to 'at the first'.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_6_21" id="Footnote_6_21"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_6_21">
+<span class="label">[21]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'be Garden'; corrected to 'de Garden'.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+  <a name="Footnote_6_22" id="Footnote_6_22"></a>
+  <a href="#FNanchor_6_22">
+<span class="label">[22]</span>
+  </a> Original reads 'that no no'; corrected to 'that no'.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and
+Ireland (2 of 6): England (6 of 12), by Raphael Holinshed
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND ***
+
+***** This file should be named 16762-h.htm or 16762-h.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/7/6/16762/
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Louise Pryor and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
+
+</pre>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6312041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6905ac8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #16762 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/16762)