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+Project Gutenberg's The Investment of Influence, by Newell Dwight Hillis
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Investment of Influence
+       A Study of Social Sympathy and Service
+
+Author: Newell Dwight Hillis
+
+Release Date: December 10, 2005 [EBook #17274]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE INVESTMENT OF INFLUENCE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Al Haines
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+The Investment of Influence
+
+
+A Study of Social Sympathy and Service
+
+
+
+Newell Dwight Hillis
+
+
+
+
+Author of "A Man's Value to Society," "Foretokens of Immortality," Etc.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NEW YORK   CHICAGO   TORONTO
+
+Fleming H. Revell Company
+
+LONDON AND EDINBURGH
+
+MCMXII
+
+
+
+
+Copyright 1897
+
+By Fleming H. Revell Company.
+
+
+
+
+
+New York: 158 Fifth Avenue Chicago: 125 North Wabash Ave.  Toronto: 25
+Richmond Street, W.  London: 21 Paternoster Square Edinburgh: 100
+Princes Street
+
+
+
+
+DEDICATION
+
+Many years have now passed since we first met.  During all this time
+you have been an unfailing guide and helper.  Your friendship has
+doubled life's joys and halved its sorrows.  You have strengthened me
+where I was weak and weakened me where I was too strong.  You have
+borne my burdens and lent me strength to bear my own.
+
+Because I have learned from you in example, what I here teach in
+precept, I dedicate this book
+
+  TO YOU
+
+  --whether toiling in field or forum,
+  in home or market place,
+
+  TO YOU--MY FRIEND
+
+
+
+
+FOREWORD.
+
+The glory of our fathers was their emphasis of the principle of
+self-care and self-culture.  Finding that he who first made the most of
+himself was best fitted to make something of others, the teachers of
+yesterday unceasingly plied men with motives of personal
+responsibility.  Influenced by the former generation, our age has
+organized the principle of individualism into its home, its school, its
+market-place and forum.  By reason of the increase in gold, books,
+travel and personal luxuries, some now feel that selfness is beginning
+to degenerate into selfishness.  The time, therefore, seems to have
+fully come when the principle of self-care should receive its
+complement through the principle of care for others.  These chapters
+assert the debt of wealth to poverty, the debt of wisdom to ignorance,
+the debt of strength to weakness.  If "A Man's Value to Society"
+affirms the duty of self-culture and character, these studies emphasize
+the law of social sympathy and social service.
+
+Newell Dwight Hillis.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+CHAP.
+
+    I  Influence, and the Atmosphere Man Carries
+
+   II  Life's Great Hearts, and the Helpfulness
+       of the Higher Manhood
+
+  III  The Investment of Talent and Its Return
+
+   IV  Vicarious Lives as Instruments of Social Progress
+
+    V  Genius, and the Debt of Strength
+
+   VI  The Time Element in Individual Character
+       and Social Growth
+
+  VII  The Supremacy of Heart Over Brain
+
+ VIII  Renown Through Self-Renunciation
+
+   IX  The Gentleness of True Gianthood
+
+    X  The Thunder of Silent Fidelity: a Study
+       of the Influence of Little Things
+
+   XI  Influence, and the Strategic Element in Opportunity
+
+  XII  Influence, and the Principle of Reaction
+       in Life and Character
+
+ XIII  The Love that Perfects Life
+
+  XIV  Hope's Harvest, and the Far-off Interest of Tears
+
+
+
+
+INFLUENCE, AND THE ATMOSPHERE MAN CARRIES.
+
+
+
+
+"I do not believe the world is dying for new ideas.  A teacher has a
+high place amongst us, but someone is wanted here and abroad far more
+than a teacher.  It is power we need, power that shall help us to solve
+our practical problems, power that shall help us to realize a high,
+individual, spiritual life, power that shall make us daring enough to
+act out all we have seen in vision, all we have learnt in principle
+from Jesus Christ."--_Charles A. Berry_.
+
+"And Saul sent messengers to take David: and when they saw the company
+of prophets prophesying, and Samuel standing as appointed over them,
+the Spirit of God was upon the messengers of Saul, and they also
+prophesied.  And when it was told Saul, he sent other messengers and
+they prophesied likewise.  And Saul sent messengers again the third
+time, and they prophesied also.  Then went Saul to Ramah, and he said,
+Where are Samuel and David?  And one said, Behold they be at Naioth.
+And Saul went thither, and the Spirit of God came on him also and he
+prophesied.  Wherefore man said:  Is Saul also among the
+prophets?"--_I. Samuel, xix, 20-21_.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+INFLUENCE, AND THE ATMOSPHERE MAN CARRIES.
+
+Nature's forces carry their atmosphere.  The sun gushes forth light
+unquenchable; coals throw off heat; violets are larger in influence
+than bulb; pomegranates and spices crowd the house with sweet odors.
+Man also has his atmosphere.  He is a force-bearer and a
+force-producer.  He journeys forward, exhaling influences.  Scientists
+speak of the magnetic circle.  Artists express the same idea by the
+halo of light emanating from the divine head.  Business men understand
+this principle, those skilled in promoting great enterprises bring the
+men to be impressed into a room and create an atmosphere around them.
+In measuring Kossuth's influence over the multitudes that thronged and
+pressed upon him the historian said: "We must first reckon with the
+orator's physical bulk and then carry the measuring-line about his
+atmosphere."
+
+Thinking of the evil emanating from a bad man, Bunyan made Apollyon's
+nostrils emit flames.  Edward Everett insists that Daniel Webster's
+eyes during his greatest speech literally emitted sparks.  Had we tests
+fine enough we would doubtless find each man's personality the center
+of outreaching influences.  He himself may be utterly unconscious of
+this exhalation of moral forces, as he is of the contagion of disease
+from his body.  But if light is in him he shines; if darkness rules he
+shades, if his heart glows with love he warms; if frozen with
+selfishness he chills; if corrupt he poisons; if pure-hearted he
+cleanses.  We watch with wonder the apparent flight of the sun through
+space, glowing upon dead planets, shortening winter and bringing
+summer, with birds, leaves and fruits.  But that is not half so
+wonderful as the passage of a human heart, glowing and sparkling with
+ten thousand effects, as it moves through life.  The soul, like the
+sun, has its atmosphere, and is over against its fellows, for light,
+warmth and transformation.
+
+All great writers have had their incident of the atmosphere their hero
+carried.  Centuries ago King Saul sent his officers to arrest a seer
+who had publicly indicted the tyrant for outbreaking sins.  When the
+soldier entered the prophet's presence he was so profoundly affected by
+the majesty of his character that he forgot the commission and his
+lord's command, asking rather to become the good man's protector.
+Likewise with the second group of soldiers--coming to arrest, they
+remained to befriend.  Then the King's anger was exceedingly hot
+against him who had become a conscience for the throne.  Rushing forth
+from his palace, like an angry lion from his lair, the King sought the
+place where this man of God was teaching the people.  But, lo! when the
+King entered the brave man's presence his courage, fidelity and
+integrity overcame Saul and conquered him unto confession of his
+wickedness.  Just here we may remember that stout-hearted Pilate, with
+a legion of mailed soldiers to protect him, trembled and quaked before
+his silent prisoner.  And King Agrippa on his throne was afraid, when
+Paul lifting his chains, fronted him with words of righteousness and
+judgment.  Carlyle says that in 1848, during the riot in Paris, the mob
+swept down a street blazing with cannon, killed the soldiers, spiked
+the guns, only to be stopped a few blocks beyond by an old,
+white-haired man who uncovered and signaled for silence.  Then the
+leader of the mob said: "Citizens, it is De la Eure.  Sixty years of
+pure life is about to address you!"  A true man's presence transformed
+a mob that cannon could not conquer.
+
+Montaigne's illustration of atmosphere was Julius Caesar.  When the
+great Roman was still a youth, he was captured by pirates and chained
+to the oars as a galley-slave; but Caesar told stories, sang songs,
+declaimed with endless good humor.  Chains bound Caesar to the oars,
+and his words bound the pirates to himself.  That night he supped with
+the captain.  The second day his knowledge of currents, coasts and the
+route of treasure-ships made him first mate; then he won the sailors
+over, put the captain in irons, and ruled the ship like a king; soon
+after, he sailed the ship as a prize into a Roman port.  If this
+incident is credible, a youth who in four days can talk the chains off
+his wrists, talk himself into the captaincy, talk a pirate ship into
+his own hands as booty, is not to be accounted for by his eloquent
+words.  His speech was but a tithe of his power, and wrought its spell
+only when personality had first created a sympathetic atmosphere.  Only
+a fraction of a great man's character can manifest itself in speech;
+for the character is inexpressibly finer and larger than his words.
+The narrative of Washington's exploits is the smallest part of his
+work.  Sheer weight of personality alone can account for him.  Happy
+the man of moral energy all compact, whose mere presence, like that of
+Samuel, the seer, restrains others, softens and transforms them.  This
+is a thing to be written on a man's tomb: "_His presence made bad men
+good._"
+
+This mysterious bundle of forces called man, moving through society,
+exhaling blessings or blightings, gets its meaning from the capacity of
+others to receive its influences.  Man is not so wonderful in his power
+to mold other lives, as in his readiness to be molded.  Steel to hold,
+he is wax to take.  The Daguerrean plate and the Aeolian harp do but
+meagerly interpret his receptivity.  Therefore, some philosophers think
+character is but the sum total of those many-shaped influences called
+climate, food, friends, books, industries.  As a lump of clay is lifted
+to the wheel by the potter's hand, and under gentle pressure takes on
+the lines of a beautiful cup or vase, so man sets forth a mere mass of
+mind; soon, under the gentle touch of love, hope, ambition, he stands
+forth in the aspect of a Cromwell, a Milton or a Lincoln.
+
+Standing at the center of the universe, a thousand forces come rushing
+in to report themselves to the sensitive soul-center.  There is a nerve
+in man that runs out to every room and realm in the universe.  Only a
+tithe of the world's truth and beauty finds access to the lion or lark;
+they look out as one in castle tower whose only window is a slit in the
+rock.  But man dwells in a glass dome; to him the world lies open on
+every side.  Every fact and force outside has a desk inside man where
+it makes up its reports.  The ear reports all sounds and songs; the eye
+all sights and scenes; the reason all arguments, judgment each "ought"
+and "ought not," the religious faculty reports messages coming from a
+foreign clime.
+
+Man's mechanism stands at the center of the universe with
+telegraph-lines extending in every direction.  It is a marvelous
+pilgrimage he is making through life while myriad influences stream in
+upon him.  It is no small thing to carry such a mind for three-score
+years under the glory of the heavens, through the glory of the earth,
+midst the majesty of the summer and the sanctity of the winter, while
+all things animate and inanimate rush in through open windows.  For one
+thus sensitively constituted every moment trembles with possibilities;
+every hour is big with destiny.  The neglected blow cannot afterward be
+struck on the cold iron; once the stamp is given to the soft metal it
+cannot be effaced.  Well did Ruskin say; "Take your vase of Venice
+glass out of the furnace and strew chaff over it in its transparent
+heat, and recover that to its clearness and rubied glory when the north
+wind has blown upon it; but do not think to strew chaff over the child
+fresh from God's presence and to bring the heavenly colors back to
+him--at least in this world."  We are accountable to God for our
+influence; this it is "that gives us pause."
+
+Gentle as is the atmosphere about us, it presses with a weight of
+fourteen pounds to the square inch.  No infant's hand feels its weight;
+no leaf of aspen or wing of bird detects this heavy pressure, for the
+fluid air presses equally in all directions.  Just so gentle, yet
+powerful, is the moral atmosphere of a good man as it presses upon and
+shapes his kind.  He who hath made man in his own image hath endowed
+him with this forceful presence.  Ten-talent men, eminent in knowledge
+and refinement, eminent in art and wealth, do, indeed, illustrate this.
+Proof also comes from obscurity, as pearls from homely oyster shells.
+Working among the poor of London, an English author searched out the
+life-career of an apple woman.  Her history makes the story of kings
+and queens contemptible.  Events had appointed her to poverty, hunger,
+cold and two rooms in a tenement.  But there were three orphan boys
+sleeping in an ash-box whose lot was harder.  She dedicated her heart
+and life to the little waifs.  During two and forty years she mothered
+and reared some twenty orphans--gave them home and bed and food; taught
+them all she knew; helped some to obtain a scant knowledge of the
+trades; helped others off to Canada and America.  The author says she
+had misshapen features, but that an exquisite smile was on the dead
+face.  It must have been so.  She "had a beautiful soul," as Emerson
+said of Longfellow.  Poverty disfigured the apple woman's garret, and
+want made it wretched, nevertheless, God's most beautiful angels
+hovered over it.  Her life was a blossom event in London's history.
+Social reform has felt her influence.  Like a broken vase the perfume
+of her being will sweeten literature and society a thousand years after
+we are gone.
+
+The Greek poet says men knew when the goddess came to Thebes because of
+the blessings she left in her track.  Her footprints were not in the
+sea, soon obliterated, nor in the snow, quickly melting, but in fields
+and forests.  This unseen friend, passing by the tree blackened by a
+thunderbolt, stayed her step; lo! the woodbine sprang up and covered
+the tree's nakedness.  She lingered by the stagnant pool--the pool
+became a flowing spring.  She rested upon a fallen log--from decay and
+death came moss, the snowdrop and the anemone.  At the crossing of the
+brook were her footprints; not in mud downward, but in violets that
+sprang up in her pathway.  O beautiful prophecy! literally fulfilled
+2,000 years afterward in the life of the London apple woman, whose
+atmosphere sweetened bitter hearts and made evil into good.
+
+Wealth and eminent position witness not less powerfully the
+transforming influence of exalted characters.  "My lords," said
+Salisbury, "the reforms of this century have been chiefly due to the
+presence here of one man--Lord Shaftesbury.  The genius of his life was
+expressed when last he addressed you.  He said: 'When I feel age
+creeping upon me I am deeply grieved, for I cannot bear to go away and
+leave the world with so much misery in it.'"  So long as Shaftesbury
+lived, England beheld a standing rebuke of all wrong and injustice.
+How many iniquities shriveled up in his presence!  This man,
+representing the noblest ancestry, wealth and culture, wrought
+numberless reforms.  He became a voice for the poor and weak.  He gave
+his life to reform acts and corn laws; he emancipated the enslaved boys
+and girls toiling in mines and factories; he exposed and made
+impossible the horrors of that inferno in which chimney-sweeps live; he
+founded twoscore industrial, ragged and trade schools; he established
+shelters for the homeless poor; when Parliament closed its sessions at
+midnight Lord Shaftesbury went forth to search out poor prodigals
+sleeping under Waterloo or Blackfriars bridge, and often in a single
+night brought a score to his shelter.  When the funeral cortege passed
+through Pall Mall and Trafalgar square on its way to Westminster Abbey,
+the streets for a mile and a half were packed with innumerable
+thousands.  The costermongers lifted a large banner on which were
+inscribed these words: "I was sick and in prison and ye visited me."
+The boys from the ragged schools lifted these words; "I was hungry and
+naked and ye fed me."  All England felt the force of that colossal
+character.  To-day at that central point in Piccadilly where the
+highways meet and thronging multitudes go surging by, the English
+people have erected the statue of Shaftesbury--the fitting motto
+therefor; "The reforms of this century have been chiefly due to the
+presence and influence of Shaftesbury."  If our generation is indeed
+held back from injustice and anarchy and bloodshed, it will be because
+Shaftesbury the peer, and Samuel, the seer, are duplicated in the lives
+of our great men, who stand forth to plead the cause of the poor and
+weak.
+
+But man's atmosphere is equally potent to blight and to shrivel.  Not
+time, but man, is the great destroyer.  History is full of the ruins of
+cities and empires.  "Innumerable Paradises have come and gone; Adams
+and Eves many," happy one day, have been "miserable exiles" the next;
+and always because some satanic ambition or passion or person entering
+has cast baneful shadow o'er the scene.  Men talk of the scythe of time
+and the tooth of time.  But, said the art historian: "Time is
+scytheless and toothless; it is we who gnaw like the worm; we who smite
+like the scythe.  Fancy what treasures would be ours to-day if the
+delicate statues and temples of the Greeks, if the broad roads and
+massy walls of the Romans, if the noble architecture, castles and towns
+of the Middle Ages had not been ground to dust by blind rage of man.
+It is man that is the consumer; he is moth and mildew and flame."  All
+the galleries and temples and libraries and cities have been destroyed
+by his baneful presence.  Thrice armies have made an arsenal of the
+Acropolis; ground the precious marbles to powder, and mixed their dust
+with his ashes.  It was man's ax and hammer that dashed down the carved
+work of cathedrals and turned the treasure cities into battle-fields,
+and opened galleries to the mold of sea winds.  Disobedience to law has
+made cities a heap and walled cities ruins.  Man is the pestilence that
+walketh in darkness.  Man is the destruction that wasteth at noonday.
+
+When Mephistopheles appears in human form his presence falls upon homes
+like the black pall of the consuming plague, that robes cities for
+death.  The classic writer tells of an Indian princess sent as a
+present to Alexander the Great.  She was lovely as the dawn; yet what
+especially distinguished her was a certain rich perfume in her breath;
+richer than a garden of Persian roses.  A sage physician discovered her
+terrible secret.  This lovely woman had been reared upon poisons from
+infancy until she herself was the deadliest poison known.  When a
+handful of sweet flowers was given to her, her bosom scorched and
+shriveled the petals; when the rich perfume of her breath went among a
+swarm of insects, a score fell dead about her.  A pet humming-bird
+entering her atmosphere, shuddered, hung for a moment in the air, then
+dropped in its final agony.  Her love was poison; her embrace death.
+This tale has held a place in literature because it stands for men of
+evil all compact, whose presence has consumed integrities and exhaled
+iniquities.  Happily the forces that bless are always more numerous and
+more potent than those that blight.  Cast a bushel of chaff and one
+grain of wheat into the soil and nature will destroy all the chaff but
+cause the one grain of wheat to usher in rich harvests.
+
+As a force-producer, man's primary influence is voluntary in nature.
+This is the capacity of purposely bringing all the soul's powers to
+bear upon society.  It is the foundation of all instruction.  The
+parent influences the child this way or that.  The artist-master plies
+his pupil.  The brave general or discoverer inspires and stimulates his
+men by multiform motives.  The charioteer holds the reins, guides his
+steeds, restrains or lifts the scourge.  Similarly man holds the reins
+of influence over man, and is himself in turn guided.  So friend shapes
+and molds friend.  This is what gives its meaning to conversation,
+oratory, journalism, reforms.  Each man stands at the center of a great
+network of voluntary influence for good.  Through words, bearing and
+gesture, he sends out his energies.  Oftentimes a single speech has
+effected great reforms.  Oft one man's act has deflected the stream of
+the centuries.  Full oft a single word has been like a switch that
+turns a train from the route running toward the frozen North, to a
+track leading into the tropic South.
+
+Not seldom has a youth been turned from the way of integrity by the
+influence of a single friend.  Endowed as man is, the weight of his
+being effects the most astonishing results.  Witness Stratton's
+conversation with the drunken bookbinder whom we know as John B. Gough,
+the apostle of temperance.  Witness Moffat's words that changed David
+Livingstone, the weaver, into David Livingstone, the savior of Africa.
+Witness Garibaldi's words fashioning the Italian mob into the
+conquering army.  Witness Garrison and Beecher and Phillips and John
+Bright.  Rivers, winds, forces of fire and steam are impotent compared
+to those energies of mind and heart, that make men equal to
+transforming whole communities and even nations.  Who can estimate the
+soul's conscious power?  Who can measure the light and heat of last
+summer?  Who can gather up the rays of the stars?  Who can bring
+together the odors of last year's orchards?  There are no mathematics
+for computing the influence of man's voluntary thought, affection and
+aspiration upon his fellows.
+
+Man has also an unpurposed influence.  Power goes forth without his
+distinct volition.  Like all centers of energy, the soul does its best
+work automatically.  The sun does not think of lifting the mist from
+the ocean, yet the vapor moves skyward.  Often man is ignorant of what
+he accomplishes upon his fellows, but the results are the same.  He is
+surcharged with energy.  Accomplishing much by plan, he does more
+through unconscious weight of personality.  In wonder-words we are told
+the apostle purposely wrought deeds of mercy upon the poor.  Yet
+through his shadow falling on the weak and sick as he passed by, he
+unconsciously wrought health and hope in men.  In like manner it is
+said that while Jesus Christ was seeking to comfort the comfortless,
+involuntarily virtue went out of him to strengthen one who did but
+touch the hem of his garment.  Character works with or without consent.
+The selfish man fills his office with a malign atmosphere; his very
+presence chills like a cold, clammy day.  Suspicious people fill all
+the circle in which they live with envy and jealousy.  Moody men
+distribute gloom and depression; hopelessness drains off high spirits
+as cold iron draws the heat from the hand.  Domineering men provoke
+rebellion and breed endless irritations.
+
+Great hearts there are also among men; they carry a volume of manhood;
+their presence is sunshine, their coming changes our climate; they oil
+the bearings of life; their shadow always falls behind them; they make
+right living easy.  Blessed are the happiness-makers!--they represent
+the best forces in civilization.  They are to the heart and home what
+the honeysuckle is to the door over which it clings.  These embodied
+gospels interpret Christianity.  Jenny Lind explains a sheet of printed
+music--and a royal Christian heart explains, and is more than a creed.
+Little wonder, when Christianity is incarnated in a mother, that the
+youth worships her as though she were an angel.  Someone has likened a
+church full of people to a box of unlighted candles; latent light is
+there; if they were only kindled and set burning they would be lights
+indeed.  What God asks for is luminous Christians and living gospels.
+
+Another form of influence continues after death, and may be called
+unconscious immortality or conserved social energy.  Personality is
+organized into instruments, tools, books, institutions.  Over these
+forms of activity death and years have no power for destroying.  The
+swift steamboat and the flying train tell us that Watt and Stephenson
+are still toiling for men.  Every foreign cablegram reminds us that
+Cyrus Field has just returned home.  The merchant who organizes a great
+business sends down to the generations his personality, prudence,
+wisdom and executive skill.  The names of inventors may now be on
+moldering tombstones, but their busy fingers are still weaving warm
+textures for the world's poor.  The gardener of Hampton court, who, in
+old age, wished to do yet one more helpful deed, and planted with elms
+and oaks the roadway leading to the historic house, still lives in
+those columnar trees, and all the long summer through distributes
+comfort and refreshment.  Every man who opens up a roadway into the
+wilderness; every engineer throwing a bridge over icy rivers for weary
+travelers; every builder rearing abodes of peace, happiness and
+refinement for his generation; every smith forging honest plates that
+hold great ships in time of storm, every patriot that redeems his land
+with blood; every martyr forgotten and dying in his dungeon that
+freedom might never perish; every teacher and discoverer who has gone
+into lands of fever and miasma to carry liberty, intelligence and
+religion to the ignorant, still walks among men, working for society
+and is unconsciously immortal.
+
+This is fame.  Life hath no holier ambition.  Some there are who,
+denied opportunity, have sought out those ambitious to learn, and,
+educating them, have sent their own personality out through artists,
+jurists or authors they have trained.  Herein is the test of the
+greatness of editor or statesman or merchant.  He has so incarnated his
+ideas or methods in his helpers that, while his body is one, his spirit
+has many-shaped forms; so that his journal, or institution, or party
+feels no jar nor shock in his death, but moves quietly forward because
+he is still here living and working in those into whom his spirit is
+incarnated.  Death ends the single life, but our multiplied life in
+others survives.
+
+The supreme example of atmosphere and influence is Jesus Christ.  His
+was a force mightier than intellect.  Wherever he moved a light ne'er
+seen on land nor sea shone on man.  It was more than eminent beauty or
+supreme genius.  His scepter was not through cunning of brain or craft
+of hand; reality was his throne.  "Therefore," said Charles Lamb, "if
+Shakespeare should enter the room we should rise and greet him
+uncovered, but kneeling meet the Nazarene."  His gift cannot be bought
+nor commanded; but his secret and charm may be ours.  Acceptance,
+obedience, companionship with him--these are the keys of power.  The
+legend is, that so long as the Grecian hero touched the ground, he was
+strong; and measureless the influence of him who ever dwells in
+Christ's atmosphere.  Man grows like those he loves.  If great men come
+in groups, there is always a greater man in the midst of the company
+from whom they borrowed eminence--Socrates and his disciples; Cromwell
+and his friends; Coleridge and his company; Emerson and the Boston
+group; high over all the twelve disciples and the Name above every
+name.  Perchance, in vision-hour, over against the man you are he will
+show you the man he would fain have you become; thereby comes
+greatness.  For value is not in iron, but in the pattern that molds it;
+beauty is not in the pigments, but in the ideal that blends them;
+strength is not in the stone or marble, but in the plan of architect;
+greatness is not in wisdom, nor wealth, nor skill, but in the divine
+Christ who works up these raw materials of character.  Forevermore the
+secret of eminence is the secret of the Messiah.
+
+
+
+
+LIFE'S GREAT HEARTS, AND THE HELPFULNESS OF THE HIGHER MANHOOD.
+
+
+
+
+  "Heaven doth with us as we with torches do,
+  Not light them for themselves, for if our virtues
+  Did not go forth of us, 'twere all alike
+  As if we had them not.  Spirits are not finely touched
+  But to fine issues, nor Nature never lends
+  The smallest scruple of her excellence,
+  But, like a thrifty goddess, she determines
+  Herself the glory of a creditor--
+  Both thanks and use."--_Measure for Measure_.
+
+
+"A man was born, not for prosperity, but to suffer for the benefit of
+others, like the noble rock maple, which, all round our villages,
+bleeds for the service of man."--_Emerson_.
+
+
+"Everything cries out to us that we must renounce.  Thou must go
+without, go without!  That is the everlasting song which every hour,
+all our life through, hoarsely sings to us:  Die, and come to life; for
+so long as this is not accomplished thou art but a troubled guest upon
+an earth of gloom."--_Goethe_.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+LIFE'S GREAT HEARTS, AND THE HELPFULNESS OF THE HIGHER MANHOOD.
+
+The oases in the Arabian desert lie under the lee of long ridges of
+rock.  The high cliffs extending from north to south are barriers
+against the drifting sand.  Standing on the rocky summit the seer
+Isaiah beheld a sea whose yellow waves stretched to the very horizon.
+By day the winds were still, for the pitiless Asiatic sun made the
+desert a furnace whose air rose upward.  But when night falls the wind
+rises.  Then the sand begins to drift.  Soon every object lies buried
+under yellow flakes.  Anon, sandstorms arise.  Then the sole hope for
+man is to fall upon his face; the sky rains bullets.  Then appears the
+ministry of the rocks.  They stay the drifting sand.  To the yellow sea
+they say: "Thus far, but no farther."  Desolation is held back.  Soon
+the land under the lee of the rocks becomes rich.  It is fed by springs
+that seep out of the cliffs.  It becomes a veritable oasis with figs
+and olives and vineyards and aromatic shrubs.  Here dwell the sheik and
+his flocks.  Hither come the caravans seeking refreshment.  In all the
+Orient no spot so beautiful as the oasis under the shadow of the rocks.
+Long centuries ago, while Isaiah rejoiced under the beneficent ministry
+of these cliffs, his thoughts went out from dead rocks to living men.
+In his vision he saw good men as Great Hearts, to whom crowded close
+the weak and ignorant, seeking protection.  Sheltered thereby barren
+lives were nourished into bounty and beauty.  With leaping heart and
+streaming eyes he cried out; "O, what a desert is life but for the
+ministry of the higher manhood!  To what shall I liken a good man?  A
+man shall be as the shadow of a great rock in a weary land; a shelter
+in the time of storm!"
+
+Optimists always, we believe God's world is a good world.  Joy is more
+than sorrow; happiness outweighs misery; the reasons for living are
+more numerous than the reasons against it.  But let the candid mind
+confess that life hath aspects very desert-like.  Today prosperity
+grows like a fruitful tree; to-morrow adversity's hot winds wither
+every leaf.  God plants companion, child, or friend in the life-garden;
+but death blasts the tree under which the soul finds shelter; then
+begins the desert pilgrimage.  Soon comes loss of health; then the
+wealth of Croesus availeth not for refreshing sleep, and the wisdom of
+Solomon is vanity and vexation of spirit.  The common people, too, know
+blight and blast; their life is full of mortal toil and strife, its
+fruitage grief and pain.  Temptations and evil purposes are the chief
+blights.  When the fiery passion hath passed the soul is like a city
+swept by a conflagration.  Each night we go before the judgment seat.
+Reason hears the case; memory gives evidence; conscience convicts, each
+faculty goes to the left; self-respect pushes us out of paradise into
+the desert; and the angels of our better nature guard the gates with
+flaming swords.
+
+A journey among men is like a journey through some land after the
+cyclone has made the village a heap and the harvest fields a waste.  An
+outlook upon the generations reminds us of a highway along which the
+retreating army has passed, leaving abandoned guns and silent cannon
+with men dead and dying.  Travelers from tropical Mexico describe
+ruined cities and lovely villages away from which civilized men
+journey, leaving temples and terraced gardens to moss and ivy.  The
+deserted valleys are rich in tropic fruits and the climate soft and
+gentle.  Yet Aztecs left the garden to journey northward into the
+deserts of Arizona and New Mexico.  Often for the soul paradise is not
+before, but behind.
+
+Shakespeare condenses all this in "King Lear."  Avarice closes the
+palace doors against the white-haired King.  Greed pushes him into the
+night to wander o'er the wasted moor, an exiled king, uncrowned and
+uncared for.  In such hours garden becomes desert.  This is the drama
+of man's life.  The soul thirsts for sympathy.  It hungers for love.
+Baffled and broken it seeks a great heart.  For the pilgrim multitudes
+Moses was the shadow on a great rock in a weary land.  For poor, hunted
+David, Jonathan was a covert in time of storm.  Savonarola, Luther,
+Cromwell sheltered perishing multitudes.  Solitary in the midst of the
+vale in which death will soon dig a grave for each of us stands the
+immortal Christ, "the shadow of a great rock in a weary land."
+
+That Infinite Being who hath made man in his own image hath endowed the
+soul with full power to transform the desert into an oasis.  The soul
+carries wondrous implements.  It is given to reason to carry fertility
+where ignorance and fear and superstition have wrought desolation.  It
+is given to inventive skill to search out wellsprings and smite rocks
+into living water.  It is given to affection to hive sweetness like
+honeycombs.  It is given to wit and imagination to produce perpetual
+joy and gladness.  It is given to love in the person of a Duff, a
+Judson, and a Xavier to transform dark continents.  Great is the power
+of love!  "No abandoned boy in the city, no red man in the mountains,
+no negro in Africa can resist its sweet solicitude.  It undermines like
+a wave, it rends like an earthquake, it melts like a fire, it inspires
+like music, it binds like a chain, it detains like a good story, it
+cheers like a sunbeam."  No other power is immeasurable.  For things
+have only partial influence over living men.  Forests, fields, skies,
+tools, occupations, industries--these all stop in the outer court of
+the soul.  It is given to affection alone to enter the sacred inner
+precincts.  But once the good man comes his power is irresistible.
+Witness Arnold among the schoolboys at Rugby.  Witness Garibaldi and
+his peasant soldiers.  Witness the Scottish chief and his devoted clan.
+Witness artist pupils inflamed by their masters.  What a noble group is
+that headed by Horace Mann, Garrison, Phillips and Lincoln!  General
+Booth belongs to a like group.  What a ministry of mercy and fertility
+and protection have these great hearts wrought!  Great hearts become a
+shelter in time of storm.
+
+All social reforms begin with some great heart.  Much now is being said
+of the destitution in the poorer districts of great cities.  Dante saw
+a second hell deeper than hell itself.  Each great modern city hath its
+inferno.  Here dwell costermongers, rag-pickers and street-cleaners;
+here the sweater hath his haunts.  Huge rookeries and tenements, whose
+every brick exudes filth, teem with miserable folk.  Each room has one
+or more families, from the second cellar at the bottom to the garret at
+the top.  No greensward, no park, no blade of grass.  Whole districts
+are as bare of beauty as an enlarged ash-heap.  Here children are
+"spawned, not born, and die like flies."  Here men and women grow
+bitter.  Here anarchy grows rank.  And to such a district in one great
+city has gone a man of the finest scholarship and the highest position,
+to become the friend of the poor.  With him is his bosom friend, having
+wealth and culture, with pictures, marbles and curios.  Every afternoon
+they invite several hundred poor women to spend an hour in the
+conservatory among the flowers.  Every evening with stereopticon they
+take a thousand boys or men upon a journey to Italy or Egypt or Japan.
+The kindergartens, public schools and art exhibits cause these women
+and children to forget for a time their misery.  One hour daily is
+redeemed from sorrow to joy by beautiful things and kindly
+surroundings.  Love and sympathy have sheltered them from life's fierce
+heat.  Bitter lives are slowly being sweetened.  Springs are being
+opened in the desert.  These great hearts have become "the shadow of a
+great rock in a weary land."
+
+The Russian reformer, novelist and philanthropist, had an experience
+that profoundly influenced his career.  Famine had wrought great
+suffering in Russia.  One day the good poet passed a beggar on the
+street corner.  Stretching out gaunt hands, with blue lips and watery
+eyes, the miserable creature asked an alms.  Quickly the author felt
+for a copper.  He turned his pockets inside out.  He was without purse
+or ring or any gift.  Then the kind man took the beggar's hand in both
+of his and said: "Do not be angry with me, brother, I have nothing with
+me!"  The gaunt face lighted up; the man lifted his bloodshot eyes; his
+blue lips parted in a smile.  "But you called me brother--that was a
+great gift."  Returning an hour later he found the smile he had kindled
+still lingered on the beggar's face.  His body had been cold; kindness
+had made his heart warm.  The good man was as a covert in time of
+storm.  History and experience exhibit now and then a man as unyielding
+as rock in friendships.  Years ago a gifted youth began his literary
+career.  Wealth, travel, friends, all good gifts were his.  One day a
+friend handed him a telegram containing news of his father's death.
+Then the mother faded away.  The youth was alone in the world.  In that
+hour evil companions gathered around him.  They spoiled him of his
+fresh innocency.  They taught the delicate boy to listen to salacity
+without blushing.  Soon coarse quips and rude jests ceased to shock
+him.  He thought to "see life" by seeing the wrecks of manhood and
+womanhood.  But does one study architecture by visiting hovels and
+squalid cabins?  Is not studying architecture seeing the finest
+mansions and galleries and cathedrals?  So to see life is to see
+manhood at its best and womanhood when carried up to culture and beauty.
+
+Wasting his fortune this youth wasted also his friendships.  One man
+loved him for his father's sake.  For several years every Saturday
+night witnessed this man of oak and rock going from den to den looking
+for his old friend's boy.  One day he wrote the youth a letter telling
+him, whether or not he found him, so long as he lived he would be
+looking for him every Saturday night in hope of redeeming him again to
+integrity.  What nothing else could do love did.  Kindness wrought its
+miracle.  Clasping hands the man and boy climbed back again to the
+heights.  At first the integrity was at best a poor, sickly plant.  But
+his friend was a refuge in time of storm.  A good man became the shadow
+of a great rock in life's weary land.
+
+Our age is specially interested in the relation of happiness to the
+street, the market and counting-room.  We have not yet acknowledged the
+responsibility of strength.  Not always have our giant minds confessed
+the debt of power to weakness; the debt of wisdom to ignorance; the
+debt of wealth to poverty; the debt of holiness to iniquity.  Jesus
+Christ was the first to incarnate this principle.  By so much as the
+parent is wiser than the babe for building a protecting shield for
+happiness and well-being, by that much is the mother indebted to her
+babe.  Why is one man more successful than another in the street's
+fierce conflict?  Because he has more resources; is prudent, thrifty,
+quick to seize upon opportunity, sagacious, keen of judgment.  All
+these qualities are birth-gifts.  The ancestral foothills slope upward
+toward the mountain-minded.  And what do these distinguished mental
+qualities involve?
+
+Recognizing the responsibility of men of leisure and wealth, John
+Ruskin said: "Shall one by breadth and sweep of sight gather some
+branch of the commerce of the country into one great cobweb of which he
+is himself to be the master spider, making every thread vibrate with
+the points of his claws, and commanding every avenue with the facets of
+his eyes?"  Shall the industrial or political giant say: "Here is the
+power in my hand; weakness owes me a debt?  Build a mound here for me
+to be throned upon.  Come, weave tapestries for my feet that I may
+tread in silk and purple; dance before me that I may be glad, and sing
+sweetly to me that I may slumber.  So shall I live in joy and die in
+honor."  Rather than such an honorable death, it were better that the
+day perish wherein such strength was born.  Rather let the great mind
+become also the great heart, and stretch out his scepter over the heads
+of the common people that stoop to its waving.  "Let me help you subdue
+the obstacle that baffled our fathers, and put away the plagues that
+consume our children.  Let us together water these dry places; plow
+these desert moons; carry this food to those who are in hunger; carry
+this light to those who are in darkness; carry this life to those who
+are in death."
+
+Superiority is to make erring men unerring and slow minds swift.  Then,
+indeed, comes the better day--pray God it be not far off--when strength
+uses its wealth as the net of the sacred fisher to gather souls of men
+out of the deep.
+
+In overplus of strength we have the measure of a man's greatness.
+Soul-power is resource for finding and feeding the hidden springs of
+life and thought in others.  Not all have the same capacity.  The Lord
+of the vineyard still sends into the white fields ten-talent men,
+two-talent men and one-talent men.  Each hath his own task, and each
+must grasp the handle of his own being.  Genius is widely distributed.
+Not many Platos--only one, and then a thousand lesser minds look up to
+him and learn to think.  Not many Dantes--one, and a thousand poets
+tune their lyres to his and catch its notes.  Not many Raphaels--one,
+and a thousand aspiring artists look up to him and are lifted by the
+look.  Not many royal hearts--great magazines of kindness.  Few are
+great in heart-power, effulging all sweet and generous qualities.
+Happy the community blessed with, a few great hearts and a few great
+minds.  One such will civilize a whole community.
+
+Classic literature charmed our childhood with the story of an Arabian
+sheik.  He dwelt in an oasis near the edge of the desert.  Wealth was
+his, with flocks and herds and wedges of gold.  One night sleep forsook
+his couch.  Yet the gurgle of falling water was in his ear.  The odors
+of the vineyard were in his nostril; and to-morrow his servants would
+begin to gather the abundant harvest.  Ten miles away ran the track of
+the caravan where his herdsmen had found a traveler dead from the
+fierce heat of the desert.  Yonder the desert and a dying traveler;
+here an oasis with living water.  Then the sheik arose; he bade his
+servants fill two leathern water-bottles and bring a basket full of
+figs and grapes.  The next day a caravan came to a booth protecting two
+water-bottles sunk in the sand.  Beside them were bunches of fruit.  On
+a roll were these words: "While God gives me life each day shall a man
+be--as springs of water in a desert place."  This beautiful story
+interprets for us the ministry of the higher manhood, as the great
+heart becomes the shadow of a great rock in a weary land.
+
+This law of human helpfulness asks each man to carry himself so as to
+bless and not blight men, to make and not mar them.  Besides the great
+ends of attaining character here and immortality hereafter, we are
+bound to so administer our talents as to make right living easy and
+smooth for others.  Happy is he whose soul automatically oils all the
+machinery of the home, the market and the street.  And this ambition to
+be universally helpful must not be a transient and occasional one--here
+and there an hour's friendship, a passing hint of sympathy, a transient
+gleam of kindness.  Heart helpfulness is to enter into the fundamental
+conceptions of our living.  With vigilant care man is to expel every
+element that vexes or irritates or chafes just as the husbandman expels
+nettles and poison ivy from fruitful gardens.
+
+For nothing is so easily wrecked as the soul.  As mechanisms go up
+toward complexity, delicacy increases.  The fragile vase is ruined by a
+single tap.  A chance blow destroys the statue.  A bit of sand ruins
+the delicate mechanism.  But the soul is even more sensitive to injury.
+It is marred by a word or a look.  Men are responsible for the ruin
+they work unthinkingly!  To-day the engine drops a spark behind it.
+To-morrow that engine is a thousand miles away.  Yet the spark left
+behind is now a column of fire mowing down the forests.  And that
+devastating column belongs not to another, but to that engine that hath
+journeyed far.  Thus the evil man does lives after him.  The
+condemnation of life is that a man hath carried friction and stirred up
+malign elements and sowed fiery discords, so that the gods track him by
+the swath of destruction he hath cut through life.  The praise of life
+is that a man hath exhaled bounty and stimulus and joy and gladness
+wherever he journeys.  To-day noble examples and ten thousand precepts
+unite in urging every one to become a great heart.  Every individual
+must bring together his little group of pilgrim friends, companions,
+employes, using whatever he has of wisdom and skill for guiding those
+who follow him on their desert march.  For happiness is through
+helpfulness.  Every morning let us build a booth to shelter someone
+from life's fierce heat.  Every noon let us dig some life-spring for
+thirsty lips.  Every night let us be food for the hungry and shelter
+for the cold and naked.  The law of the higher manhood asks man to be a
+great heart, the shadow of a rock in a weary land.
+
+
+
+
+THE INVESTMENT OF TALENT AND ITS RETURN.
+
+
+
+
+"The universal blunder of this world is in thinking that there are
+certain persons put into the world to govern and certain others to
+obey.  Everybody is in this world to govern and everybody to obey.
+There are no benefactors and no beneficiaries in distinct classes.
+Every man is at once both benefactor and beneficiary.  Every good deed
+you do you ought to thank your fellowman for giving you an opportunity
+to do; and they ought to be thankful to you for doing it."--_Phillips
+Brooks_.
+
+
+"Pity is love and something more; love at its utmost."--_T. T. Munger,
+"Freedom of Faith._"
+
+
+"The great idea that the Bible is the history of mankind's deliverance
+from all tyranny, outward as well as inward, of the Jews, as the one
+free constitutional people among a world of slaves and tyrants, of
+their ruin, as the righteous fruit of a voluntary return to despotism;
+of the New Testament, as the good news that freedom, brotherhood,
+equality, once confided only to Judea and to Greece, and dimly seen
+even there, was henceforth to be the right of all mankind, the law of
+all society--who was there to tell me that?  Who is there now to go
+forth and tell it to the millions who have suffered and doubted and
+despaired like me, and turn the hearts of the disobedient to the wisdom
+of the just, before the great and terrible day of the Lord come?  Again
+I ask--who will go forth and preach that gospel and save his native
+land?"--_Charles Kingsley, "Alton Locke._"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+THE INVESTMENT OF TALENT AND ITS RETURN.
+
+In all ages man has been stimulated to sowing by the certainty of
+reaping.  Tomorrow's sheaves and shoutings support to-day's tearful
+sowing.  Certainty of victory wins battles before they are fought.
+Armed with confidence patriots have beaten down stone castles with
+naked fists.  Uncertainty makes the heart sick, takes nerve out of arm
+and tension out of thought.  The mere rumor of war along the
+border-lines of nations destroys enterprise and industry.  Men will not
+plow if warhorses are to trample down the ripe grain.  Men will not
+build if the enemy are to warm hands over blazing rafters.  Why should
+the husbandman plant vines if others are to wrest away his fruit?  The
+individual and the race need the stimulus of hope and a rational basis
+of security that nothing shall cut the connection between the causes
+sown and the effects to be reaped.  Therefore, the divine word:  "Send
+forth thy gift and talent, and nature and providence shall invest it
+securely and give the talent back with interest and increase."
+
+What a promise for civilization was that of Christ: "Give and it shall
+be given unto you!"  Let the husbandman give his seed to the furrows;
+soon the furrows will give back big bundles into the sower's arms.  Let
+the vintner give the sweat of his brow to the vines; soon the vines
+will give back the rich purple floods.  Give thy thought, O husbandman!
+to the wild rice; soon nature will give back the rice plump wheat.
+Give thyself, O inventor! to the raw ores, and nature will give thee
+the forceful tools.  Give thyself, O reformer! to the desert world;
+soon the world-desert will be given back a world-garden.  Give
+sparingly to nature, and sparingly shalt thou receive again.  Give
+bountifully, and bounty shall be given back.  Give scant thought and
+drag but one plank to the stream, and thou shalt receive only a narrow
+bridge across the brook.  Give abundant thought to wires and cables and
+buttresses, and nature will give the bridge across the Firth of Forth.
+Give God thy one talent and, investing it, he returns ten.  Give the
+cup of cold water and thou shalt have rivers of water of life.  Share
+thy crust and thy cloak, and thou shall have banquet and robe and house
+of many mansions.  This is the pledge of nature and God: "Give, and
+good measure pressed down and shaken together, shalt thou receive of
+celestial reapers."  The history of progress is the history of Christ's
+challenge and man's response.
+
+Christianity deals in universal.  Its principles are not local nor
+racial nor temporary.  They are meridian lines taking in all forces,
+men and movements.  Nature, too, saith: "Give and it shall be given
+unto you."  The sun gives heat to the forests, and afterward the
+burning coal and tree give heat back to the heavens; the arctics give
+icebergs and frigid streams for cooling the fierce tropics, and the
+tropics give back the warm Gulf Stream.  The soil in the spring gives
+its treasures to the growing tree, and in the autumn the tree gives its
+leaves to make the soil richer and deeper.  Personal also is this
+principle.  Give thy body food and thy body will give thee mental
+strength.  Give thy blow to the ax, and the ax will return the fallen
+tree, with strong tools for thy arm.  Give thy brain sleep and rest and
+thy brain will give thy thought nimbleness.  Give thy mind to rocks,
+and the rock pages will give thee wealth of wisdom.  Give thy thought
+to the fire and water, and they will give thee an engine stronger than
+tamed lions.  Give thy scrutiny to the thunderbolt leaping from the
+east to the west, and the lightnings shall give themselves back to thee
+as noiseless and gentle and obedient as the sunlight.  Give thy mind to
+books and libraries, and the literature and lore of the ages will give
+thee the wisdom of sage and seer.  Let some hero give his love and
+self-sacrificing service to the poor in prisons, and society will give
+him in return, monuments and grateful memory.  Give thy obedience to
+conscience, and God, whom conscience serves, will give Himself to thee.
+
+Being a natural principle, this law is also spiritual.  Standing by his
+mother's knee each child hears the story of the echo.  The boy visiting
+in the mountains, when he called aloud found that he was mocked by a
+hidden stranger boy.  The insult made him very angry.  So he shouted
+back insults and epithets.  But each of these bad words was returned to
+him from the rocks above.  With bitter tears the child returned to his
+mother, who sent him back to give the hidden stranger kind words and
+affectionate greetings.  Lo! the stranger now echoed back his
+kindliness.  Thus society echoes back each temperament and each career.
+Evermore man receives what he first gives to nature and society and God.
+
+History is rich in interpretation of this principle.  In every age man
+has received from society what he has given to society.  This continent
+lay waiting for ages for the seed of civilization.  At length the sower
+went forth to sow.  Landing in midwinter upon a bleak coast, the
+fathers gave themselves to cutting roads, draining swamps, subduing
+grasses, rearing villages, until all the land was sown with the good
+seed of liberty and Christian civilization.  Afterward, when tyranny
+threatened liberty, these worthies in defending their institutions gave
+life itself.  Dying, they bequeathed their treasures to after
+generations.  At length an enemy, darkling, lifted weapons for
+destroying.  Would these who had received institutions nourished with
+blood, give life-blood in return?  The uprising of 1861 is the answer.
+Then the people rose as one man, the plow stood in the furrow, the
+hammer fell from the hand, workroom and college hall were alike
+deserted--a half-million men laid down their lives upon many a
+battle-field.  Similarly, the honor given to Washington during these
+last few days tells us that the patriot who gives shall receive.  From
+the day when the young Virginian entered the Indian forests with
+Braddock to the day when he lay dying at Mount Vernon the patriot gave
+his health, his wealth, his time, his life, a living sacrifice through
+eight and forty years.  Now every year the people, rising up early and
+sitting up late, rehearse to their children the story of his life and
+work.  Having given himself, honor shall he receive through all the
+ages.
+
+To Abraham Lincoln also came the word: "Give and thou shall receive!"
+Sitting in the White House the President proclaimed equal rights to
+black and white.  Then, with shouts of joy, three million slaves
+entered the temple of liberty.  But they bore the emancipator upon
+their shoulders and enshrined him forever in the temple of fame, where
+he who gave bountifully shall receive bountiful honor through all the
+ages.  There, too, in the far-off past stands an uplifted cross.
+Flinging wide his arms this crowned sufferer sought to lift the world
+back to his Father's side.  In life he gave his testimony against
+hypocrisy, Phariseeism and cruelty.  For years he gave himself to the
+publican, the sinner, the prodigal, the poor in mind or heart, and so
+came at length to his pitiless execution.  But, having given himself in
+abandon of love, the world straightway gave itself in return.  Every
+one of his twelve disciples determined to achieve a violent death for
+the Christ who gave himself for them.  Paul was beheaded in Rome.  John
+was tortured in Patmos.  Andrew and James were crucified in Asia.  The
+rest were mobbed, or stoned, or tortured to death.  And as years sped
+on man kept giving.  Multitudes went forth, burning for him in the
+tropics, freezing for him in the arctics; threading for him the forest
+paths, braving for him the swamps, that they might serve his little
+ones.  He gave himself for the world, and the world, in a passion of
+love, will yet give itself back to him.
+
+Recently the officials of the commonwealth of Massachusetts and the
+noblest citizens of Boston assembled for celebrating the one hundredth
+anniversary of the birth of George Peabody.  For a like purpose the
+citizens of London came together in banquet hall.  Now, the banker had
+long been dead.  Nor did he leave children to keep his name before the
+public.  How shall we account for two continents giving him such praise
+and fame?  George Peabody received from his fellows, because he first
+gave to his fellows.  To his genius for accumulation he added the
+genius of distribution.  His large gifts to Harvard and Yale, to Salem
+and Peabody, made to science and art as well as to philanthropy and
+religion, secured perpetual remembrance.  When the public credit of the
+State of Maryland was endangered, he negotiated $8,000,000 in London
+and gave his entire commission of $200,000 back to the State.  He who
+gave $3,500,000 for founding schools and colleges in the South for
+black and white, could not but receive honor and praise.  Therefore the
+eulogies pronounced by the legislators in Annapolis.  As a banker in
+London he was disturbed by the sorrows of the poor, and for months gave
+himself to an investigation of the tenement-house system, developing
+the Peabody Tenements, to which he gave $2,500,000, and helped 20,000
+people to remove from dens into buildings that were light and sweet and
+wholesome.  Therefore when he died in London the English nation that
+had received from him gave to him, and, for the first time in history,
+the gates of Westminster Abbey were thrown open for the funeral
+services of a foreigner.  Therefore, the Prime Minister of England
+selected the swiftest frigate in the English navy for carrying his body
+back to his native land.  His generosity radiated in every direction,
+not in trickling rivulets, but in copious streams.  Bountifully he gave
+to men; therefore, through innumerable orations, sermons, editorials
+and toasts, men vied with each other in giving praise and honor back to
+Peabody, the benefactor of the people.
+
+Society, always sensitive to generosity, is equally sensitive to
+selfishness.  He who treats his fellows as so many clusters to be
+squeezed into his cup, who spoils the world for self aggrandizement,
+finds at last that he has burglarized his own soul.  Here is a man who
+says: "Come right, come wrong, I will get gain."  Loving ease, he
+lashes himself to unceasing toil by day and night.  Needing rest on
+Sunday, he denies himself respite and scourges his jaded body and brain
+into new activities.  Every thought is a thread to be woven into a
+golden net.  He lifts his life to strike as miners lift their picks.
+He swings his body as harvesters their scythes.  He will make himself
+an augur for boring, a chisel for drilling, a muck-rake for scratching,
+if only he may get gain.  He will sweat and swelter and burn in the
+tropics until malaria has made his face as yellow as gold, if thereby
+he can fill his purse, and for a like end he will shiver and ache in
+the arctics.  He will deny his ear music, he will deny his mind
+culture, he will deny his heart friendship that he may coin concerts
+and social delights into cash.  At length the shortness of breath
+startles him; the stoppage of blood alarms him.  Then he retires to
+receive--what?  To receive from nature that which he has given to
+nature.  Once he denied his ear melody, and now taste in return denies
+him pleasure.  Once he denied his mind books, and now books refuse to
+give him comfort.  Once he denied himself friendship, and now men
+refuse him their love.  Having received nothing from him, the great
+world has no investment to return to him.  Such a life, entering the
+harbor of old age, is like unto a bestormed ship with empty coal bins,
+whose crew fed the furnace, first with the cargo and then with the
+furniture, and reached the harbor, having made the ship a burned-cut
+shell.  God buries the souls of many men long years before their bodies
+are carried to the graveyard.
+
+This principle tells us why nature and society are so prodigal with
+treasures to some men and so niggardly to others.  What a different
+thing a forest is to different men!  He who gives the ax receives a
+mast.  He who gives taste receives a picture.  He who gives imagination
+receives a poem.  He who gives faith hears the "goings of God in the
+tree-tops."  The charcoal-burner fronts an oak for finding out how many
+cords of wood are in it, as the Goths of old fronted peerless temples
+for estimating how many huts they could quarry from the stately
+pile.[1]  But an artist curses the woodsman for making the tree food
+for ax and saw.  It has become to him as sacred as the cathedral within
+which he bares his head.  It is a temple where birds praise God.  It is
+a harp with endless music for the summer winds.  It fills his eye with
+beauty and his ear with rustling melodies.
+
+For the poet that selfsame oak is enshrined in a thousand noble
+associations.  It sings for him like a hymn; it shines like a vision;
+it suggests ships, storms and ocean battles; the spear of Launcelot,
+the forests of Arden; old baronial halls mellow with lights falling on
+oaken floors; King Arthur's banqueting chamber.  To the scientist's
+thought the oak is a vital mechanism.  By day and by night, the long
+summer through, it lifts tons of moisture and forces it into the
+wide-spreading branches, but without the rattle of huge engines.  With
+what uproar and clang of iron hammers would stones be crushed that are
+dissolved noiselessly by the rootlets and recomposed in stems and
+boughs!  What a vast laboratory is here, every root and leaf an expert
+chemist!
+
+For other multitudes the earth has become only a huge stable; its fruit
+fodder; its granaries ricks, out of which men-cattle feed.  These
+estimate a man's value according as he has lifted his ax upon tall
+trees and ravaged all the loveliness of creation; whose curse is the
+Nebuchadnezzar curse, giving to nature the tongue and hand, and
+receiving from nature grass; who are doomed to love the corn they
+grind, to hear only the roar of the whirlwind and the crash of the
+hail, never "the still small voice;" who see what is written in
+lamp-black and lightning; who think the clouds are for rain, and know
+not that they are chariots, thrones and celestial highways; that the
+sunset means something else than sleep, and the morning suggests
+something other than work.  All these give nature only thought for
+food, and food only shall they receive from nature, until all their
+deeds are plowed down in dust.  Give forth thy gift, young men and
+maidens, and according as thou givest thou shalt receive fruit, or
+picture, or poem, or temple, or ladder let down from heaven, or angel
+aspirations going up.
+
+Conscience also receives its gifts and makes a return.  Give thy body
+obedience and it will return happiness and health.  Give overdrafts and
+excesses and it will return sleepless nights and suffering days.  Man's
+sins are seeds, his sufferings harvests.  Every action is embryonic,
+and according as it is right or wrong will ripen into sweet fruits of
+pleasure or poison fruits of pain.  Some seeds hold two germs; and vice
+and penalty are wrapped up under one covering.  Sins are
+self-registering and penalties are automatic.  The brain keeps a double
+set of books, and at last visits its punishments.  Conscience does not
+wait for society to ferret out iniquity, but daily executes judgment.
+Policemen may slumber and the judge may nod, but the nerves are always
+active, memory never sleeps, conscience is never off duty.  The recoil
+of the gun bruises black the shoulder of him who holds it, and sin is a
+weapon that kills at both ends.
+
+In the olden days, when the poisoner was in every palace, the Doge of
+Venice offered a reward for a crystal goblet that would break the
+moment a poison touched it.  Perhaps the idea was suggested to the
+Prince because his soul already fulfilled the thought, for one drop of
+sin always shatters the cup of joy and wastes life's precious wine.
+How do events interpret this principle!  One day Louis, King of France,
+was riding in the forest near his gorgeous and guilty palace of
+Versailles.  He met a peasant carrying a coffin.  "What did the man die
+of?" asked the King.  "Of hunger," answered the peasant.  But the sound
+of the hunt was in the King's ear, and he forgot the cry of want.  Soon
+the day came when the King stood before the guillotine, and with mute
+appeals for mercy fronted a mob silent as statues, unyielding as stone,
+grimly waiting to dip the ends of their pikes in regal blood.  He gave
+cold looks; he received cold steel.
+
+Marie Antoinette, riding to Notre Dame for her bridal, bade her
+soldiers command all beggars, cripples and ragged people to leave the
+line of the procession.  The Queen could not endure for a brief moment
+the sight of those miserable ones doomed to unceasing squalor and
+poverty.  What she gave others she received herself, for soon, bound in
+an executioner's cart, she was riding toward the place of execution
+midst crowds who gazed upon her with hearts as cold as ice and hard as
+granite.  When Foulon was asked how the starving populace was to live
+he answered: "Let them eat grass."  Afterward, Carlyle says, the mob,
+maddened with rage, "caught him in the streets of Paris, hanged him,
+stuck his head upon a pike, filled his mouth with grass, amid shouts as
+of Tophet from a grass-eating people."  What kings and princes gave
+they received.  This is the voice of nature and conscience: "Behold,
+sin crouches at the door!"
+
+This divine principle also explains man's attitude toward his fellows.
+The proverb says man makes his own world.  Each sees what is in
+himself, not what is outside.  The jaundiced eye yellows all it
+beholds.  The chameleon takes its color from the bark on which it
+clings.  Man gives his color to what his thought is fastened upon.  The
+pessimist's darkness makes all things dingy.  The youth disappointed
+with his European trip said he was a fool for going.  He was, for the
+reason that he was a fool before he started.  He saw nothing without,
+because he had no vision within.  He gave no sight, he received no
+vision.  An artist sees in each Madonna that which compels a rude mob
+to uncover in prayer, but the savage perceives only a colored canvas.
+Recently a foreign traveler, writing of his impressions of our city,
+described it to his fellows as a veritable hades.  But his fellow
+countryman, in a similar volume, recorded his impressions of our art,
+architecture and interest in education.  Each saw that for which he
+looked.
+
+This principle explains man's attitude toward his God.  God governs
+rocks by force, animals by fear, savage man by force and fear, true men
+by hope and love.  Man can take God at whatsoever level he pleases.  He
+who by beastliness turns his body into a log will be held by gravity in
+one spot like a log.  He who lives on a level with the animals will
+receive fear and law and lightnings.  He who approaches God through
+laws of light and heat and electricity will find the world-throne
+occupied by an infinite Agassiz.  Some approach God through physical
+senses.  They behold his storms sinking ships, his tornadoes mowing
+down forests.  These find him a huge Hercules; yet the Judge who seems
+cruel to the wicked criminal may seem the embodiment of gentleness and
+kindness to his obedient children.  Man determines what God shall be to
+him.  Each paints his own picture of Deity.  Macbeth sees him with
+forked lightnings without and volcanic fires within.  The pure in heart
+see him as the face of all-clasping Love.  Give him thy heart and he
+will give thee love, effulgent love, like the affection of mother or
+lover or friend, only dearer than either.  Give him thy ways, and he
+will overarch life's path as the heavens overarch the flowers, filling
+them with heat by day and yielding cooling dews by night.  Give him but
+a flickering aspiration and he will give thee balm for the bruised reed
+and flame for the smoking flax.  Give him the publican's prayer and he
+will give thee mercy like the wideness of the sea.  Give his little
+ones but a cup of cold water and he will give thee to drink of the
+water of the river of life and bring thee to the banquet hall in the
+house of many mansions.
+
+
+[1] Mod. Ptrs., Vol. 5, Chap. 1.  The Earth--Veil Star papers: A Walk
+Among Trees.
+
+
+
+
+VICARIOUS LIVES AS INSTRUMENTS OF SOCIAL PROGRESS.
+
+
+
+
+"Only he that uses shall even so much as keep.  Unemployed strength
+steadily diminishes.  The sluggard's arm grows soft and flabby.  So,
+even in this lowest sphere, the law is inexorable.  Having is using.
+Not using is losing.  Idleness is paralysis.  New triumphs must only
+dictate new struggles.  If it be Alexander of Macedon, the Orontes must
+suggest the Euphrates, and the Euphrates the Indus.  Always it must be
+on and on.  One night of rioting in Babylon may arrest the conquering
+march.  Genius is essentially athletic, resolute, aggressive,
+persistent.  Possession is grip, that tightens more and more.  Ceasing
+to gain, we begin to lose.  Ceasing to advance, we begin to retrograde.
+Brief was the interval between Roman conquest of Barbarians, and
+Barbarian conquest of Rome.  Blessed is the man who keeps out of the
+hospital and holds his place in the ranks.  Blessed the man, the last
+twang of whose bow-string is as sharp as any that went before, sending
+its arrow as surely to the mark."--_Roswell W. Hitchcock_.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+VICARIOUS LIVES AS INSTRUMENTS OF SOCIAL PROGRESS.
+
+The eleventh chapter of Hebrews has been called the picture-gallery of
+heroes.  These patriots and martyrs who won our first battles for
+liberty and religion made nobleness epidemic.  Oft stoned and mobbed in
+the cities they founded and loved, they fled into exile, where they
+wandered in deserts and mountains and caves and slept in the holes of
+the earth.  Falling at last in the wilderness, it may be said that no
+man knoweth their sepulcher and none their names.  But joyfully let us
+confess that the institutions most eminent and excellent in our day
+represent the very principles for which these martyrs died and, dying,
+conquered.  For those heroes were the first to dare earth's despots.
+They won the first victory over every form of vice and sin.  They wove
+the first threads of the flag of liberty and made it indeed the banner
+of the morning, for they dyed it crimson in their heart's-blood.  In
+all the history of freedom there is no chapter comparable for a moment
+to the glorious achievements of these men of oak and rock.  Their deeds
+shine on the pages of history like stars blazing in the night and their
+achievements have long been celebrated in song and story.  "The angels
+of martyrdom and victory," says Mazzini, "are brothers; both extend
+protecting wings over the cradle of the future life."
+
+Sometimes it has happened that the brave deed of a single patriot has
+rallied wavering hosts, flashed the lightning through the centuries,
+and kindled whole nations into a holy enthusiasm.  The opposing legions
+of soldiers and inquisitors went down before the heroism of the early
+church as darkness flees before the advancing sunshine.  Society
+admires the scholar, but man loves the hero.  Wisdom shines, but
+bravery inspires and lifts.  Though centuries have passed, these noble
+deeds still nourish man's bravery and endurance.  It was not given to
+these leaders to enter into the fruits of their labors.  Vicariously
+they died.  With a few exceptions, their very names remain unknown.
+But let us hasten to confess that their vicarious suffering stayed the
+onset of despotism and achieved our liberty.  They ransomed us from
+serfdom and bought our liberty with a great price.  Compared to those,
+our bravest deeds do seem but brambles to the oaks at whose feet they
+grow.
+
+Having made much of the principles of the solidarity of society,
+science is now engaged in emphasizing the principle of vicarious
+service and suffering.  The consecrated blood of yesterday is seen to
+be the social and spiritual capital of to-day.  Indeed, the civil,
+intellectual and religious freedom and hope of our age are only the
+moral courage and suffering of past ages, reappearing under new and
+resplendent forms.  The social vines that shelter us, the civic bough
+whose clusters feed us, all spring out of ancient graves.  The red
+currents of sacrifice and the tides of the heart have nourished these
+social growths and made their blossoms crimson and brilliant.  Nor
+could these treasures have been gained otherwise.  Nature grants no
+free favors.  Every wise law, institution and custom must be paid for
+with corresponding treasure.  Thought itself takes toll from the brain.
+To be loved is good, indeed; but love must be paid for with toil,
+endurance, sacrifice--fuel that feeds love's flame.
+
+Generous giving to-day is a great joy; but it is made possible only by
+years of thrift and economy.  The wine costs the clusters.  The linen
+costs the flax.  The furniture costs the forests.  The heat in the
+house costs the coal in the cellar.  Wealth costs much toil and sweat
+by day.  Wisdom costs much study and long vigils by night.  Leadership
+costs instant and untiring pains and service.  Character costs the
+long, fierce conflict with vice and sin.  When Keats, walking in the
+rose garden, saw the ground under the bushes all covered with pink
+petals, he exclaimed; "Next year the roses should be very red!"  When
+Aeneas tore the bough from the myrtle tree, Virgil says the tree exuded
+blood.  But this is only a poet's way of saying that civilization is a
+tree that is nourished, not by rain and snow, but by the tears and
+blood of the patriots and prophets of yesterday.
+
+Fortunately, in manifold ways, nature and life witness to the
+universality of vicarious service and suffering.  Indeed, the very
+basis of the doctrine of evolution is the fact that the life of the
+higher rests upon the death of the lower.  The astronomers tell us that
+the sun ripens our harvests by burning itself up.  Each golden sheaf,
+each orange bough, each bunch of figs, costs the sun thousands of tons
+of carbon.  Geike, the geologist, shows us that the valleys grow rich
+and deep with soil through the mountains, growing bare and being
+denuded of their treasure.  Beholding the valleys of France and the
+plains of Italy all gilded with corn and fragrant with deep grass,
+where the violets and buttercups wave and toss in the summer wind,
+travelers often forget that the beauty of the plains was bought, at a
+great price, by the bareness of the mountains.  For these mountains are
+in reality vast compost heaps, nature's stores of powerful stimulants.
+Daily the heat swells the flakes of granite; daily the frost splits
+them; daily the rains dissolve the crushed stone into an impalpable
+dust; daily the floods sweep the rich mineral foods down into the
+starving valleys.  Thus the glory of the mountains is not alone their
+majesty of endurance, but also their patient, passionate beneficence as
+they pour forth all their treasures to feed richness to the pastures,
+to wreathe with beauty each distant vale and glen, to nourish all
+waving harvest fields.  This death of the mineral is the life of the
+vegetable.
+
+If now we descend from the mountains to explore the secrets of the sea,
+Maury and Guyot show us the isles where palm trees wave and man builds
+his homes and cities midst rich tropic fruits.  There scientists find
+that the coral islands were reared above the waves by myriads of living
+creatures that died vicariously that man might live.  And everywhere
+nature exhibits the same sacrificial principle.  Our treasures of coal
+mean that vast forests have risen and fallen again for our factories
+and furnaces.  Nobody is richer until somebody is poorer.  Evermore the
+vicarious exchange is going on.  The rock decays and feeds the moss and
+lichen.  The moss decays to feed the shrub.  The shrub perishes that
+the tree may have food and growth.  The leaves of the tree fall that
+its boughs may blossom and bear fruit.  The seeds ripen to serve the
+birds singing in all the boughs.  The fruit falls to be food for man.
+The harvests lend man strength for his commerce, his government, his
+culture and conscience.  The lower dies vicariously that the higher may
+live.  Thus nature achieves her gifts only through vast expenditures.
+
+It is said that each of the new guns for the navy costs $100,000.  But
+the gun survives only a hundred explosions, so that every shot costs
+$1,000.  Tyndall tells us that each drop of water sheathes electric
+power sufficient to charge 100,000 Leyden jars and blow the Houses of
+Parliament to atoms.  Farraday amazes us by his statement of the energy
+required to embroider a violet or produce a strawberry.  To untwist the
+sunbeam and extract the rich strawberry red, to refine the sugar, and
+mix its flavor, represents heat sufficient to run an engine from
+Liverpool to London or from Chicago to Detroit.  But because nature
+does her work noiselessly we must not forget that each of her gifts
+also involves tremendous expenditure.
+
+This law of vicarious service holds equally in the intellectual world.
+The author buys his poem or song with his life-blood.  While traveling
+north from London midst a heavy snow-storm, Lord Bacon descended from
+his coach to stuff a fowl with snow to determine whether or not ice
+would preserve flesh.  With his life the philosopher purchased for us
+the principle that does so much to preserve our fruits and foods
+through the summer's heat and lend us happiness and comfort.  And
+Pascal, whose thoughts are the seeds that have sown many a mental life
+with harvests, bought his splendid ideas by burning up his brain.  The
+professors who guided and loved him knew that the boy would soon be
+gone, just as those who light a candle in the evening know that the
+light, burning fast, will soon flicker out in the deep socket.  One of
+our scientists foretells the time when, by the higher mathematics, it
+will be possible to compute how many brain cells must be torn down to
+earn a given sum of money; how much vital force each Sir William Jones
+must give in exchange for one of his forty languages and dialects; what
+percentage of the original vital force will be consumed in experiencing
+each new pleasure, or surmounting each new pain; how much nerve
+treasure it takes to conquer each temptation or endure each
+self-sacrifice.  Too often society forgets that the song, law or reform
+has cost the health and life of the giver.  Tradition says that,
+through much study, the Iliad cost Homer his eyes.  There is strange
+meaning in the fact that Dante's face was plowed deep with study and
+suffering and written all over with the literature of sorrow.
+
+To gain his vision of the hills of Paradise, Milton lost his vision of
+earth's beauteous sights and scenes.  In explanation of the early death
+of Raphael and Burns, Keats and Shelley, it has been said that few
+great men who are poor have lived to see forty.  They bought their
+greatness with life itself.  A few short years ago there lived in a
+western state a boy who came up to his young manhood with a great, deep
+passion for the plants and shrubs.  While other boys loved the din and
+bustle of the city, or lingered long in the library, or turned eager
+feet toward the forum, this youth plunged into the fields and forests,
+and with a lover's passion for his noble mistress gave himself to roots
+and seeds and flowers.  While he was still a child he would tell on
+what day in March the first violet bloomed; when the first snowdrop
+came, and, going back through his years, could tell the very day in
+spring when the first robin sang near his window.  Soon the boy's
+collection of plants appealed to the wonder of scholars.  A little
+later students from foreign countries began to send him strange flowers
+from Japan and seeds from India.  One midnight while he was lingering
+o'er his books, suddenly the white page before him was as red with his
+life-blood as the rose that lay beside his hand.  And when, after two
+years in Colorado, friends bore his body up the side of the mountains
+he so dearly loved, no scholar in all our land left so full a
+collection and exposition of the flowers of that distant state as did
+this dying boy.  His study and wisdom made all to be his debtors.  But
+he bought his wisdom with thirty years of health and happiness.  We are
+rich only because the young scholar, with his glorious future, for our
+sakes made himself poor.
+
+Our social treasure also is the result of vicarious service and
+suffering.  Sailing along the New England coasts, one man's craft
+strikes a rock and goes to the bottom.  But where his boat sank there
+the state lifts a danger signal, and henceforth, avoiding that rock,
+whole fleets are saved.  One traveler makes his way through the forest
+and is lost.  Afterward other pilgrims avoid that way.  Experimenting
+with the strange root or acid or chemical, the scholar is poisoned and
+dies.  Taught by his agonies, others learn to avoid that danger.
+
+Only a few centuries ago the liberty of thought was unknown.  All lips
+were padlocked.  The public criticism of a baron meant the confiscation
+of the peasant's land; the criticism of the pope meant the dungeon; the
+criticism of the king meant death.  Now all are free to think for
+themselves, to sift all knowledge and public teachings, to cast away
+the chaff and to save the precious wheat.  But to buy this freedom
+blood has flowed like rivers and tears have been too cheap to count.
+
+To achieve these two principles, called liberty of thought and liberty
+of speech, some four thousand battles have been fought.  In exchange,
+therefore, for one of these principles of freedom and happiness,
+society has paid--not cash down, but blood down; vital treasure for
+staining two thousand battle-fields.  To-day the serf has entered into
+citizenship and the slave into freedom, but the pathway along which the
+slave and serf have moved has been over chasms filled with the bodies
+of patriots and hills that have been leveled by heroes' hands.  Why are
+the travelers through the forests dry and warm midst falling rains?
+Why are sailors upon all seas comfortable under their rubber coats?
+Warm are they and dry midst all storms, because for twenty years
+Goodyear, the discoverer of India rubber, was cold and wet and hungry,
+and at last, broken-hearted, died midst poverty.
+
+Why is Italy cleansed of the plagues that devastated her cities a
+hundred years ago?  Because John Howard sailed on an infected ship from
+Constantinople to Venice, that he might be put into a lazaretto and
+find out the clew to that awful mystery of the plague and stay its
+power.  How has it come that the merchants of our western ports send
+ships laden with implements for the fields and conveniences for the
+house into the South Sea Islands?  Because such men as Patteson, the
+pure-hearted, gallant boy of Eton College, gave up every prospect in
+England to labor amid the Pacific savages and twice plunged into the
+waters of the coral reefs, amid sharks and devil-fish and stinging
+jellies, to escape the flight of poisoned arrows of which the slightest
+graze meant horrible death, and in that high service died by the clubs
+of the very savages whom he had often risked his life to save--the
+memory of whose life did so smite the consciences of his murderers that
+they laid "the young martyr in an open boat, to float away over the
+bright blue waves, with his hands crossed, as if in prayer, and a palm
+branch on his breast."  And there, in the white light, he lies now,
+immortal forever.
+
+And why did the representatives of five great nations come together to
+destroy the slave trade in Africa, and from every coast come the
+columns of light to journey toward the heart of the dark continent and
+rim all Africa around with little towns and villages that glow like
+lighthouses for civilization?  Because one day Westminster Abbey was
+crowded with the great men of England, in the midst of whom stood two
+black men who had brought Livingstone's body from the jungles of
+Africa.  There, in the great Abbey, faithful Susi told of the hero who,
+worn thin as parchment through thirty attacks of the African fever,
+refused Stanley's overtures, turned back toward Ulala, made his ninth
+attempt to discover the head-waters of the Nile and search out the
+secret lairs of the slave-dealers, only to die in the forest, with no
+white man near, no hand of sister or son to cool his fevered brow or
+close his glazing eyes.  Faithful to the last to that which had been
+the great work of his life, he wrote these words with dying hand: "All
+I can add in my solitude is, may heaven's rich blessings come down on
+every one who would help to heal this open sore of the world!"  Why was
+it that in the ten years after Livingstone's death, Africa made greater
+advancement than in the previous ten centuries?  All the world knows
+that it was through the vicarious suffering of one of Scotland's
+noblest heroes.  And why is it that Curtis says that there are three
+American orations that will live in history--Patrick Henry's at
+Williamsburg, Abraham Lincoln's at Gettysburg and Wendell Philips' at
+Faneuil Hall?  A thousand martyrs to liberty lent eloquence to Henry's
+lips; the hills of Gettysburg, all billowy with our noble dead, exhaled
+the memories that anointed Lincoln's lips; while Lovejoy's spirit,
+newly martyred at Alton, poured over Wendell Phillips' nature the full
+tides of speech divine.  Vicarious suffering explains each of these
+immortal scenes.
+
+Long, too, the scroll of humble heroes whose vicarious services have
+exalted our common life.  Recognizing this principle, Cicero built a
+monument to his slave, a Greek, who daily read aloud to his master,
+took notes of his conversation, wrote out his speeches and so lent the
+orator increased influence and power.  Scott also makes one of his
+characters bestow a gift upon an aged servant.  For, said the warrior,
+no master can ever fully recompense the nurse who cares for his
+children, or the maid who supplies their wants.  To-day each giant of
+the industrial realm is compassed about with a small army of men who
+stand waiting to carry out his slightest behests, relieve him of
+details, halve his burdens, while at the same time doubling his joys
+and rewards.  Lifted up in the sight of the entire community the great
+man stands on a lofty pedestal builded out of helpers and aids.  And
+though here and now the honors and successes all go to the one giant,
+and his assistants are seemingly obscure and unrecognized, hereafter
+and there honors will be evenly distributed, and then how will the
+great man's position shrink and shrivel!
+
+Here also are the parents who loved books and hungered for beauty, yet
+in youth were denied education and went all their life through
+concealing a secret hunger and ambition, but who determined that their
+children should never want for education.  That the boy, therefore,
+might go to college, these parents rose up early to vex the soil and
+sat up late to wear their fingers thin, denying the eye beauty, denying
+the taste and imagination their food, denying the appetite its
+pleasures.  And while they suffer and wane the boy in college grows
+wise and strong and waxing great, comes home to find the parents
+overwrought with service and ready to fall on death, having offered a
+vicarious sacrifice of love.
+
+And here are our own ancestors.  Soon our children now lying in the
+cradles of our state will without any forethought of theirs fall heir
+to this rich land with all its treasures material--houses and
+vineyards, factories and cities; with all its treasures mental--library
+and gallery, school and church, institutions and customs.  But with
+what vicarious suffering were these treasures purchased!  For us our
+fathers subdued the continents and the kingdoms, wrought freedom,
+stopped the mouths of wolves, escaped the sword of savages, turned to
+flight armies of enemies, subdued the forests, drained the swamps,
+planted vineyards, civilized savages, reared schoolhouses, builded
+churches, founded colleges.  For four generations they dwelt in cabins,
+wore sheepskins and goatskins, wandered about exploring rivers and
+forests and mines, being destitute, afflicted, tormented, because of
+their love of liberty, and for the slave's sake were slain with the
+sword--of whom this generation is not worthy.  "And these all died not
+having received the promise," God having reserved that for us to whom
+it has been given to fall heir to the splendid achievements of our
+Christian ancestors.
+
+And what shall we more say, save only to mention those whose early
+death as well as life was vicarious?  What an enigma seems the career
+of those cut off while yet they stand upon life's threshold!  How proud
+they made our hearts, standing forth all clothed with beauty, health
+and splendid promise!  What a waste of power, what a robbery of love,
+seemed their early death!  But slowly it has dawned upon us that the
+footsteps that have vanished walk with us more frequently than do our
+nearest friends.  And the sound of the voice that is still instructs us
+in our dreams as no living voice ever can.  The invisible children and
+friends are the real children.  Their memory is a golden cord binding
+us to God's throne, and drawing us upward into the kingdom of light.
+Absent, they enrich us as those present cannot.  And so the child who
+smiled upon us and then went away, the son and the daughter whose
+talents blossomed here to bear fruit above, the sweet mother's face,
+the father's gentle spirit--their going it was that set open the door
+of heaven and made on earth a new world.  These all lived vicariously
+for us, and vicariously they died!
+
+No deeply reflective nature, therefore, will be surprised that the
+vicarious principle is manifest in the Savior of the soul.  Rejecting
+all commercial theories, all judicial exchanges, all imputations of
+characters, let us recognize the universality of this principle.  God
+is not at warfare with himself.  If he uses the vicarious principle in
+the realm of matter he will use it in the realm of mind and heart.  It
+is given unto parents to bear not only the weakness of the child, but
+also his ignorance, his sins--perhaps, at last, his very crimes.  But
+nature counts it unsafe to permit any wrong to go unpunished.  Nature
+finds it dangerous to allow the youth to sin against brain or nerve or
+digestion without visiting sharp penalties upon the offender.  Fire
+burns, acids eat, rocks crush, steam scalds--always, always.
+Governments also find it unsafe to blot out all distinctions between
+the honest citizen and the vicious criminal.  The taking no notice of
+sin keeps iniquity in good spirits, belittles the sanctity of law and
+blurs the conscience.
+
+With God also penalties are warnings.  His punishments are thorn
+hedges, safeguarding man from the thorns and thickets where serpents
+brood, and forcing his feet back into the ways of wisdom and peace.
+For man's integrity and happiness, therefore, conscience smites and is
+smiting unceasingly.  Therefore, Eugene Aram dared not trust himself
+out under the stars at night, for these stars were eyes that blazed and
+blazed and would not relent.  But why did not the murderer, Eugene
+Aram, forgive himself?  When Lady Macbeth found that the water in the
+basin would not wash off the red spots, but would "the multitudinous
+seas incarnadine," why did not Macbeth and his wife forgive each other?
+Strange, passing strange, that Shakespeare thought volcanic fires
+within and forked lightning without were but the symbols of the storm
+that breaks upon the eternal orb of each man's soul.  If David cannot
+forgive himself, if Peter cannot forgive Judas, who can forgive sins?
+"Perhaps the gods may," said Plato to Socrates.  "I do not know,"
+answered the philosopher.  "I do not know that it would be safe for the
+gods to pardon."  So the poet sends Macbeth out into the black night
+and the blinding storm to be thrown to the ground by forces that twist
+off trees and hiss among the wounded boughs and bleeding branches.
+
+For poor Jean Valjean, weeping bitterly for his sins, while he watched
+the boy play with the buttercups and prayed that God would give him,
+the red and horny-handed criminal, to feel again as he felt when he
+pressed his dewy cheek against his mother's knee--for Jean Valjean is
+there no suffering friend, no forgiving heart?  Is there no bosom where
+poor Magdalene can sob out her bitter confession?  What if God were the
+soul's father!  What if he too serves and suffers vicariously!  What if
+his throne is not marble but mercy!  What if nature and life do but
+interpret in the small this divine principle existing in the large in
+him who is infinite! [1]  What if Calvary is God's eternal heartache,
+manifest in time!  What if, sore-footed and heavy-hearted, bruised with
+many a fall, we should come back to the old home, from which once we
+fled away, gay and foolish prodigals!  The time was when, as small boys
+and girls, with blinding tears, we groped toward the mother's bosom and
+sobbed out our bitter pain and sorrow with the full story of our sin.
+What if the form on Calvary were like the king of eternity, toiling up
+the hill of time, his feet bare, his locks all wet with the dew of
+night, while he cries: "Oh, Absalom! my son, my son, Absalom!"  What if
+we are Absalom, and have hurt God's heart!  Reason staggers.  Groping,
+trusting, hoping, we fall blindly on the stairs that slope through
+darkness up to God.  But, falling, we fall into the arms of Him who
+hath suffered vicariously for man from the foundation of the world.
+
+
+[1] Eternal Atonement, p. 11.
+
+
+
+
+GENIUS, AND THE DEBT OF STRENGTH.
+
+
+
+
+"Paul says: 'I am a debtor.'  But what had he received from the Greeks
+that he was bound to pay back?  Was he a disciple of their philosophy?
+He was not.  Had he received from their bounty in the matter of art?
+No.  One of the most striking things in history is the fact that Paul
+abode in Athens and wrote about it, without having any impression made
+upon his imaginative mind, apparently, by its statues, its pictures or
+its temples.  The most gorgeous period of Grecian art poured its light
+on his path, and he never mentioned it.  The New Testament is as dead
+to art-beauty as though it had been written by a hermit in an Egyptian
+pyramid who had never seen the light of sun.  Then what did he owe the
+Greeks?  Not philosophy, not art, and certainly not religion, which was
+fetichism.  Not a debt of literature, nor of art, nor of civil polity;
+not a debt of pecuniary obligation; not an ordinary debt.  He had
+nothing from all these outside sources.  The whole barbaric world was
+without the true knowledge of God.  He had that knowledge and he owed
+it to every man who had it not.  All the civilized world was, in these
+respects, without the true inspiration; and he owed it to them simply
+because they did not have it; and his debt to them was founded on this
+law of benevolence of which I have been speaking, which is to supersede
+selfishness, and according to which those who have are indebted to
+those who have not the world over."--_Henry Ward Beecher_.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+GENIUS, AND THE DEBT OF STRENGTH.
+
+Booksellers rank "Quo Vadis" as one of the most popular books of the
+day.  In that early era persecution was rife and cruelty relentless.
+It was the time of Caligula, who mourned that the Roman people had not
+one neck, so that he could cut it off at a single blow; of Nero, whose
+evening garden parties were lighted by the forms of blazing Christians;
+of Vespasian, who sewed good men in skins of wild beasts to be worried
+to death by dogs.  In that day faith and death walked together.
+
+Fulfilling such dangers, the disciples came together secretly at
+midnight.  But the spy was abroad, and despite all precautions, from
+time to time brutal soldiers discovered the place of meeting, and,
+bursting in, dragged the worshipers off to prison.  Then a cruel
+stratagem was adopted that looked to the discovery of those who
+secretly cherished faith.  A decree went forth forbidding the jailer to
+furnish food, making the prisoners 'dependent' upon friends without.
+
+To come forward as a friend of these endungeoned was to incur the risk
+of arrest and death, while to remain in hiding was to leave friends to
+die of starvation.  Then men counted life not dear unto themselves.
+Heroism became a contagion.  Even children dared death.  An old
+painting shows the guard awakened at midnight and gazing with wonder
+upon a little child thrusting food between the iron bars to its father.
+In the darkness the soldiers sleeping in the corridors heard the
+rustling garments of some maiden or mother who loved life itself less
+than husband or friend.  These tides of sympathy made men strong
+against torture; old men lifted joyful eyes toward those above them.
+Loving and beloved, the disciples shared their burdens, and those in
+the prison and those out of it together went to fruitful martyrdom.
+
+When the flames of persecution had swept by and, for a time, good men
+had respite, Apollos recalled with joy the heroism of those without the
+prison who remembered the bonds of those within.  With leaping heart he
+called before his mind the vast multitudes in all ages who so fettered
+through life--men bound by poverty and hedged in by ignorance; men
+baffled and beaten in life's fierce battle, bearing burdens of want and
+wretchedness, and by the heroism of the past he urged all men
+everywhere to fulfill that law of sympathy that makes hard tasks easy
+and heavy burdens light.  Let the broad shoulders stoop to lift the
+load with weakness; let the wise and refined share the sorrows of the
+ignorant; let those whose health and gifts make them the children of
+freedom be abroad daily on missions of mercy to those whose feet are
+fettered; so shall life be redeemed out of its woe and want and sin
+through the Christian sympathy of those who "remember men in the bonds
+as bound with them."
+
+Rejoicing in all of life's good things, let us confess that in our
+world-school the divine teachers are not alone happiness and
+prosperity, but also uncertainty and suffering, defeat and death.
+Inventors with steel plates may make warships proof against bombs, but
+no man hath invented an armor against troubles.  The arrows of calamity
+are numberless, falling from above and also shot up from beneath.  Like
+Achilles, each man hath one vulnerable spot.  No palace door is proof
+against phantoms.  Each prince's palace and peasant's cottage holds at
+least one bond-slave.  Byron, with his club-foot, counted himself a
+prisoner pacing between the walls of his narrow dungeon.  Keats,
+struggling against his consumption, thought his career that of the
+galley-slave.  The mother, fastened for years to the couch of her
+crippled child, is bound by cords invisible, indeed, but none the less
+powerful.  Nor is the bondage always physical.  Here is the man who
+made his way out of poverty and loneliness toward wealth and position,
+yet maintained his integrity through all the fight, and stood in life's
+evening time possessed of wealth, but in a moment saw it crash into
+nothing and fell under bondage to poverty.  And, here is some Henry
+Grady, a prince among men, the leader of the new South, his thoughts
+like roots drinking in the riches of the North; his speech like
+branches dropping bounty over all the tropic states, seeming to be the
+one indispensable man of his section, but who in the midst of his
+career is smitten and, dying, left his pilgrim band in bondage.
+
+Here is Sir William Napier writing, "I am now old and feeble and
+miserable; my eyes are dim, very dim, with weeping for my lost child,"
+and went on bound midst the thick shadows.  Or here are the man and
+woman, set each to each like perfect music unto noble words, and one is
+taken--but Robert Browning was left to dwell in such sorrow that for a
+time he could not see his pen for the thick darkness.  Here is the
+youth who by one sin fell out of man's regard, and struggling upward,
+found it was a far cry back to the lost heights, and wrote the story of
+his broken life in the song of "the bird with the broken pinion, that
+never flew as high again."  Sooner or later each life passes under
+bondage.  For all strength will vanish as the morning dew our joys take
+wings and flit away; the eye dim, the ear dull, the thought decay, our
+dearest die.  Oft life's waves and billows chill us to the very marrow,
+while we gasp and shiver midst the surging tide.  Then it is a blessed
+thing to look out through blinding tears upon a friendly face, to feel
+the touch of a friendly hand and to know there are some who "remember
+those in bonds, as bound with them."
+
+Now this principle of social sympathy and liability gives us the secret
+of all the epoch-making men of our time.  Carlyle once called Ruskin
+"the seer that guides his generation."  More recently a prominent
+philanthropist said: "All our social reform movements are largely the
+influence of John Ruskin."  How earned this man such meed of praise?
+Upon John Ruskin fortune poured forth all her gifts.  He was born the
+child of supreme genius.  He was heir to nearly a million dollars, and
+by his pen earned a fortune in addition.  At the age of 21, when most
+young men were beginning their reading, he completed a book that put
+his name and fame in every man's mouth.  "For a thousand who can speak,
+there is but one who can think; for a thousand who can think, there is
+but one who can see," and to this youth was given the open vision.  In
+the hour of fame the rich and great vied to do him honor, and every
+door opened at his touch.  But he turned aside to become the
+knight-errant of the poor.  Walking along Whitechapel road he saw
+multitudes of shopmen and shopwomen whose stint was eighty hours a
+week, who toiled mid poisoned air until the brain reeled, the limbs
+trembled, and worn out physically and mentally they succumbed to spinal
+disease or premature age, leaving behind only enfeebled progeny, until
+the city's streets became graves of the human physique.  In that hour
+London seemed to him like a prison or hospital; nor was it given to him
+to play upon its floor as some rich men do, knitting its straw into
+crowns that please; clutching at its dust in the cracks of the floor,
+to die counting the motes by millions.  The youth "remembered men in
+bonds as bound with them."  He tithed himself a tenth, then a third,
+then a half, and at length used up his fortune in noble service.  He
+founded clubs for workingmen and taught them industry, honor and
+self-reliance.  He bought spinning-wheels and raw flax, and made pauper
+women self-supporting.  He founded the Sheffield Museum, and placed
+there his paintings and marbles, that workers in iron and steel might
+have the finest models and bring all their handiwork up toward beauty.
+He asked his art-students in Oxford to give one hour each day to
+pounding stones and filling holes in the street.  When his health gave
+way Arnold Toynbee, foreman of his student gang, went forth to carry
+his lectures on the industrial revolution up and down the land.
+Falling on hard days and evil tongues and lying customs, he wore
+himself out in knightly service.  So he gained his place among "the
+immortals."  But the secret of his genius and influence is this: He
+fulfilled the debt of strength and the law of social sympathy and
+service.
+
+This spirit of sympathetic helpfulness has also given us what is called
+"the new womanhood."  To-day our civilization is rising to higher
+levels.  Woman has brought love into law, justice into institutions,
+ethics into politics, refinement into the common life.  Reforms have
+become possible that were hitherto impracticable.  King Arthur's
+Knights of the Round Table marching forth for freeing some fair lady
+were never more soldierly than these who have become the friends and
+protectors of the poor.  The movement began with Mary Ware, who after
+long absence journeyed homeward.  While the coach stopped at Durham she
+heard of the villages near by where fever was emptying all the homes;
+and leaving the coach turned aside to nurse these fever-stridden
+creatures and light them through the dark valley.  Then came Florence
+Nightingale and Mary Stanley, braving rough seas, deadly fever and
+bitter cold to nurse sick soldiers in Crimea, and returned to find
+themselves broken in health and slaves to pain, like those whom they
+remembered.  Then rose up a great group of noble women like Mary Lyon
+and Sarah Judson, who journeyed forth upon errands of mercy into the
+swamps of Africa and the mountains of Asia, making their ways into
+garrets and tenements, missionaries of mercy and healing, Knights of
+the Red Cross and veritable "King's Daughters."  No cottage so remote
+as not to feel this new influence.
+
+Fascinating, also, the life-story of that fair, sweet girl who married
+Audubon.  Yearning for her own home, yet finding that her husband would
+journey a thousand miles and give months to studying the home and
+haunts of a bird, she gave up her heart-dreams and went with him into
+the forest, dwelling now in tents, and now in some rude cabin, being a
+wanderer upon the face of the earth--until, when children came, she
+remained behind and dwelt apart.  At last the naturalist came home
+after long absence to fulfill the long-cherished dream of years of
+quiet study with wife and children, but found that the mice had eaten
+his drawings and destroyed the sketches he had left behind.  Then was
+he dumb with grief and dazed with pain, but it was his brave wife who
+led him to the gate and thrust him forth into the forest and sent him
+out upon his mission, saying that there was no valley so deep nor no
+wilderness so distant but that his thought, turning homeward, would see
+the light burning brightly for him.  And in those dark days when our
+land trembled, and a million men from the north tramped southward and a
+million men from the south tramped northward, and the columns met with
+a concussion that threatened to rend the land asunder, there, in the
+battle, midst the din and confusion and blood, women walked, angels of
+light and mercy, not merely holding the cup of cold water to famished
+lips, or stanching the life-blood until surgeons came, but teaching
+soldier boys in the dying hour the way through the valley and beyond it
+up the heavenly hills.  These all fulfilled their mission and
+"remembered those in bonds as bound with them."
+
+This principle also has been and is the spring of all progress in
+humanity and civilization.  Our journalists and orators pour forth
+unstinted praise upon the achievements of the nineteenth century.  But
+in what realm lies our supremacy?  Not in education, for our schools
+produce no such thinkers or universal scholars as Plato and his
+teacher; not in eloquence, for our orators still ponder the periods of
+the oration "On the Crown;" not in sculpture or architecture, for the
+broken fragments of Phidias are still models for our youth.  The nature
+of our superiority is suggested when we speak of the doing away with
+the exposure of children, the building of homes, hospitals and asylums
+for the poor and weak; the caring for the sick instead of turning them
+adrift; the support of the aged instead of burying them alive; the
+diminished frequency of wars; the disappearance of torture in obtaining
+testimony; humanity toward the shipwrecked, where once luring ships
+upon the rocks was a trade; the settlement of disputes by umpires and
+of national differences by arbitration.
+
+Humanity and social sympathy are the glory of our age.  Society has
+come to remember that those in bonds are bound by them.  Indeed, the
+application of this principle to the various departments of human life
+furnishes the historian with the milestones of human progress.  The age
+of Sophocles was not shocked when the poet wrote the story of the child
+exposed by the wayside to be adopted by some passer-by, or torn in
+pieces by wild dogs, or chilled to death in the cold.  When the wise
+men brought their gold and frankincense to the babe in the manger, men
+felt the sacredness of infancy.  As the light from the babe in
+Correggio's "Holy Night" illumined all the surrounding figures, so the
+child resting in the Lord's arms for shelter and sacred benediction
+began to shed luster upon the home and to lead the state.  To-day the
+nurture and culture in the schools are society's attempt to remember
+the little ones in bonds.  Fulfilling the same law Xavier, with his
+wealth and splendid talents, remembered bound ones and journeyed
+through India, penetrating all the Eastern lands, being physician for
+the sick, nurse for the dying, minister for the ignorant; his face
+benignant; his eloquence, love; his atmosphere, sympathy; carrying his
+message of peace to the farther-most shores of the Chinese Sea, through
+his zeal for "those who were in bonds."  And thus John Howard visited
+the prisons of Europe for cleansing these foul dens and wiped from the
+sword of justice its most polluting stain.  Fulfilling the debt of
+strength, Wilberforce and Garrison, Sumner and Brown, fronted furious
+slave-holders, enduring every form of abuse and vituperation and
+personal violence, and destroyed the infamous traffic in human flesh.
+
+This new spirit of sympathy and service it is that offers us help in
+solving the problems of social unrest and disquietude.  Events will not
+let us forget that ours is an age of industrial discontent.  Society is
+full of warfare.  Prophets of evil tidings foretell social revolution.
+The professional agitators are abroad, sowing discord and nourishing
+hatred and strife, and even the optimists sorrowfully confess the
+antagonism between classes.  There is an industrial class strong and
+happy, both rich and poor; and there is an idle class weak and wicked
+and miserable, among both rich and poor.  Unfortunately, as has been
+said, the wise of one class contemplate only the foolish of the other.
+The industrious man of means is offended by the idle beggar, and
+identifies all the poor with him, and the hard-working but poor workman
+despises the licentious luxury of one rich man, and identifies all the
+rich with him.  But there are idle poor and idle rich and busy poor and
+busy rich.  "If the busy rich people watched and rebuked the idle rich
+people, all would be well; and if the busy poor people watched and
+rebuked the idle poor people all would be right.  Many a beggar is as
+lazy as if he had $10,000 a year, and many a man of large fortune is
+busier than his errand boy."
+
+Forgetting this, some poor look upon the rich as enemies and desire to
+pillage their property, and some rich have only epithets for the poor.
+Now, wise men know that there is no separation of rich industrious
+classes and the poor industrious classes, for they differ only as do
+two branches of one tree.  This year one bough is full of bloom, and
+the other bears only scantily, but next year the conditions will be
+reversed.  Wealth and poverty are like waves; what is now crest will
+soon be trough.  Such conditions demand forbearance and mutual
+sympathy.  Some men are born with little and some with large skill for
+acquiring wealth, the two differing as the scythe that gathers a
+handful of wheat differs from the reaper built for vast harvests and
+carrying the sickle of success.  For generations the ancestors back of
+one man's father were thrifty and the ancestors back of his mother were
+far-sighted, and the two columns met in him, and like two armies joined
+forces for a vast campaign for wealth.  Beside him is a brother, whose
+thoughts and dreams go everywhither with the freedom of an eagle, but
+who walks midst practical things with the eagle's halting gait.  The
+strong one was born, not for spoiling his weaker brother, but to guard
+and guide and plan for him.
+
+This is the lesson of nature--the strong must bear the burdens of the
+weak.  To this end were great men born.  Nature constantly exhibits
+this principle.  The shell of the peach shelters the inner seed; the
+outer petals of the bud the tender germ; the breast of the mother-bird
+protects the helpless birdlets; the eagle flies under her young and
+gently eases them to the ground; above the babe's helplessness rise the
+parents' shield and armor.  God appoints strong men, the industrial
+giants, to protect the weak and poor.  The laws of helpfulness ask them
+to forswear a part of their industrial rights; and they fulfill their
+destiny only by fulfilling the debt of strength to weakness.
+
+To identify one's self with those in bonds is the very core of the
+Christian life.  Not an intellectual belief within, not a form of
+worship without, but sympathetic helpfulness betokens the true
+Christian.  God, who hath endowed the soul with capacity to endure all
+labors and pains for wealth, to consume away the very springs of life
+for knowledge, hath also given it power for pouring itself out in great
+resistless tides of love and sympathy.  For beauty and royal majesty
+nothing else is comparable to the love of some royal nature.  A loving
+heart exhales sweet odors like an alabaster box; it pours forth joy
+like a sweet harp; it flashes beauty like a casket of gems; it cheers
+like a winter's fire; it carries sweet stimulus like returning
+sunshine.  We have all known a few great-hearted men and women who have
+through years distributed their love-treasures among the little
+children of the community and scattered affection among the poor and
+the weak, until the entire community comes to feel that it lives in
+them and without them will die.  Happy the man who hath stored up such
+treasures of mind and heart as that he stands forth among his fellows
+like a lighthouse on some ledge, sending guiding rays far out o'er dark
+and troubled seas.  Happy the woman whose ripened affection and
+inspiration have permeated the common life until to her come the poor
+and weak and heart-broken, standing forth like some beauteous bower
+offering shade and filling all the air with sweet perfume.
+
+In crisis hours the patriot and martyr, the hero and the
+philanthropist, die for the public good, but not less do they serve
+their fellows who live and through years employ their gifts and
+heart-treasures, not for themselves, but for the happiness and highest
+welfare of others.  Richter, the German artist, painted a series of
+paintings illustrating the ministry of angels.  He showed us the
+child-angels who sit talking with mortal children among the flowers,
+now holding them by their coats lest they fall upon the stairs, now
+with apples enticing them back when they draw too near the precipice;
+when the boy grows tall and is tempted, ringing in the chambers of
+memory the sweet mother's name; in the hour of death coming in the garb
+of pilgrim, made ready for convoy and guidance to the heavenly land.
+Oh beautiful pictures! setting forth the sacred ministry of each true
+Christian heart.
+
+History tells of the servant whose master was sold into Algeria, and
+who sold himself and wandered years in the great desert in the mere
+hope of at last finding and freeing his lord; of the obscure man in the
+Eastern city who, misunderstood and unpopular, left a will stating that
+he had been poor and suffered for lack of water, and so had starved and
+slaved through life to build an aqueduct for his native town, that the
+poor might not suffer as he had; of the soldier in the battle, wounded
+in cheek and mouth and dying of thirst, but who would not drink lest he
+should spoil the water for others, and so yielded up his life.  But
+this capacity of sacrifice and sympathy is but the little in man
+answering to what is large in God.  Here deep answers unto deep.  The
+definition of the Divine One is, he remembers those in bonds, and it is
+more blessed to give than to receive; more blessed to feed the hungry
+than starving to be fed; more blessed to pour light on darkened
+misunderstanding than ignorant to be taught; more blessed to open the
+path through the wilderness of doubt than wandering to be guided; more
+blessed to bring in the bewildered pilgrim than to be lost and rescued;
+more blessed to forgive than to be forgiven; to save than to be saved.
+
+
+
+
+THE TIME ELEMENT IN INDIVIDUAL CHARACTER AND SOCIAL GROWTH.
+
+
+
+
+"All that we possess has come to us by way of a long path.  There is no
+instantaneous liberty or wisdom or language or beauty or religion.  Old
+philosophies, old agriculture, old domestic arts, old sciences,
+medicine, chemistry, astronomy, old modes of travel and commerce, old
+forms of government and religion have all come in gracefully or
+ungracefully and have said: 'Progress is king, and long live the king!'
+Year after year the mind perceives education to expand, art sweeps
+along from one to ten, music adds to its early richness, love passes
+outwardly from self towards the race, friendships become laden with
+more pleasure, truths change into sentiments, sentiments blossom into
+deeds, nature paints its flowers and leaves with richer tints,
+literature becomes the more perfect picture of a more perfect
+intellect, the doctrines of religion become broader and sweeter in
+their philosophy."--_David Swing_.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+THE TIME ELEMENT IN INDIVIDUAL CHARACTER AND SOCIAL GROWTH.
+
+For all lovers of their kind, nothing is so hard to bear as the
+slowness of the upward progress of society.  It is not simply that the
+rise of the common people is accompanied with heavy wastes and losses,
+it is that the upward movement is along lines so vast as to make
+society's growth seem tardy, delayed, or even reversed.  Doubtless the
+drift of the ages is upward, but this progress becomes apparent only
+when age is compared with age and century with century.  It is not easy
+for some Bruno or Wickliffe, sowing the good seed of liberty and
+toleration in one century, to know that not until another century hath
+passed will the precious harvest be reaped.  Man is accustomed to brief
+intervals.  Not long the space between January's snowdrifts and June's
+red berries.  Brief the interval between the egg and the eagle's full
+flight.  Scarcely a score of years separates the infant of days from
+the youth of full stature.  Trained to expect the April seed to stand
+close beside the August sheaf, it is not easy for man to accustom
+himself to the processes of him with whom four-score years are but a
+handbreadth and a thousand years as but one day.
+
+To man, therefore, toiling upon his industry, his art, his government,
+his religion, comes this reflection: Because the divine epochs are
+long, let not the patriot or parent be sick with hope long deferred.
+Let the reformer sow his seed untroubled when the sickle rusts in the
+hand that waits for its harvest.  Remember that as things go up in
+value, the period between inception and fruition is protracted.
+Because the plant is low, the days between seed and sheaf are few and
+short; because the bird is higher, months stand between egg and eagle.
+But manhood is a thing so high, culture and character are harvests so
+rich as to ask years and even ages for ripening, while God's purposes
+for society involve such treasures of art, wisdom, wealth, law,
+liberty, as to ask eons and cycles for their full perfection.
+Therefore let each patriot and sage, each reformer and teacher be
+patient.  The world itself is a seed.  Not until ages have passed shall
+it burst into bloom and blossom.
+
+Troubled by the strifes of society, depressed by the waste of its
+forces and the delays of its columns, he who seeks character for
+himself and progress for his kind, oft needs to shelter himself beneath
+that divine principle called the time-element for the individual and
+the race.  Optimists are we; our world is God's; wastes shall yet
+become savings and defeats victories; nevertheless, life's woes, wrongs
+and delays are such as to stir misgiving.  The multitudes hunger for
+power and influence, hunger for wealth and wisdom, for happiness and
+comfort; satisfaction seems denied them.  Watt and Goodyear invent,
+other men enter into the fruit of their inventions; Erasmus and
+Melanchthon sow the good seeds of learning; two centuries pass by
+before God's angels count the bundles.  In a passion of enthusiasm for
+England's poor, Cobden wore his life out toiling for the corn laws.
+The reformer died for the cotton-spinners as truly as if he had slit
+his arteries and emptied out the crimson flood.  But when the victory
+was won, the wreath of fame was placed upon another's brow.  One day
+Robert Peel arose in the House of Commons and in the presence of an
+indignant party and an astounded country, proudly said: "I have been
+wrong.  I now ask Parliament to repeal the law for which I myself have
+stood.  Where there was discontent, I see contentment; where there was
+turbulence, I see peace, where there was disloyalty, I see loyalty."
+Then the fury of party anger burst upon him, and bowing to the storm,
+Robert Peel went forth while men hissed after him such words as
+"traitor," "coward," "recreant leader."  Nor did he foresee that in
+losing an office he had gained the love of a country.
+
+What delays also in justice!  What recognition does society withhold
+from its heroes!  What praise speaks above the pulseless corpse that is
+denied the living, hungering heart!  What gold coin spent for the
+marble wreath by those who have no copper for laurel for the living
+hero!  How do rewards that dazzle in prospect, in possession, burst
+like gaudy bubbles!  Honors are evanescent; reputation is a vapor;
+property takes wings; possessions counted firm as adamant dissolve like
+painted clouds; in the hour of depression the hand drops its tool, the
+heart its task.  In such dark hours and moods, strong men reflect that
+he who sows the good seed of liberty or culture or character must have
+long patience until the harvest; that as things go up in value they ask
+for longer time; that he is the true hero who redeems himself out of
+present defeat by the foresight of far-off and future victory; that
+that man has a patent of nobility from God himself who can lay out his
+life upon the principle that a thousand years are as one day.  The
+truly great man takes long steps by God's side, has the courage of the
+future; working, he can also wait.
+
+For man, fulfilling such a career, no principle hath greater practical
+value than this one; as things rise in the scale of value the interval
+between seedtime and harvest must lengthen.  Happily for us, God hath
+capitalized this principle in nature and life.  Each gardener knows
+that what ripens quickest is of least worth.  The mushroom needs only a
+night; the moss asks a week for covering the fallen tree; the humble
+vegetable asks several weeks and the strawberry a few months; but,
+planting his apple tree, the gardener must wait a few years for his
+ripened russet, and the woodsman many years for the full-grown oak or
+elm.  If in thought we go back to the dawn of creation--to that moment
+when sun and planet succeeded to clouds of fire, when a red-hot earth,
+cooling, put on an outer crust, when gravity drew into deep hollows the
+waters that cooled the earth and purified the upper air--and then
+follow on in nature's footsteps, passing up the stairway of ascending
+life from lichen, moss and fern, on to the culminating moment in man,
+we shall ever find that increase of value means an increase of time for
+growth.  The fern asks days, the reed asks weeks, the bird for months,
+the beast for a handful of years, but man for an epoch measured by
+twenty years and more.  To grow a sage or a statesman nature asks
+thirty years with which to build the basis of greatness in the bone and
+muscle of the peasant grandparents, thirty years in which to compact
+the nerve and brain of parents; thirty years more in which the heir of
+these ancestral gifts shall enter into full-orbed power and stand forth
+fully furnished for his task.  Nature makes a dead snowflake in a
+night, but not a living star-flower.  For her best things nature asks
+long time.
+
+The time-principle holds equally in man's social and industrial life.
+To-day our colleges have their anthropological departments and our
+cities their museums.  The comparative study of the dress, weapons,
+tools, houses, ships of savage and civilized races gives an outline
+view of the progress of society.  How fragile and rude the handiwork of
+savages!  How quickly are the wants provided for!  A few fig leaves
+make a full summer suit for the African and the skin of an ox his garb
+for winter.  But civilized man must toil long upon his loom for
+garments of wool and fine silk.  Slowly the hollow log journeys toward
+the ocean steamer; slowly the forked stick gives place to the
+steam-plow, the slow ox to the swift engine; slowly the sea-shell, with
+three strings tied across its mouth, develops into the many-mouthed
+pipe-organ.  But if rude and low conveniences represent little time and
+toil, these later inventions represent centuries of arduous labor.  In
+his history of the German tribes, Tacitus gives us a picture of a day's
+toil for one of the forest children.  Moving to the banks of some new
+stream, the rude man peels the bark from the tree and bends it over the
+tent pole; with a club he beats down the nuts from the branches; with a
+round stone he knocks the squirrel from the bough; another hour
+suffices for cutting a line from the ox's hide and, hastily making a
+hook out of the wishbone of the bird, he draws the trout from its
+stream.  But if for savage man a day suffices for building and
+provisioning the tent, the accumulated wisdom of centuries is required
+for the home of to-day.  One century offers an arch for the door,
+another century offers glass windows, another offers wrought nails and
+hinges, another plaster that will receive and hold the warm colors,
+another offers the marble, tapestry, picture and piano, the thousand
+conveniences for use and beauty.
+
+Husbandry also represents patience and the labor of generations.  Were
+it given to the child, tearing open the golden meat of the fruit, to
+trace the ascent of the tree, he would see the wild apple or bitter
+orange growing in the edge of the ancient forest.  But man, standing by
+the fruit, grafted it for sweetness, pruned it for the juicy flow,
+nourished it for taste and color.  Could he who picks the peach or pear
+have this inner vision, he would behold an untold company of husbandmen
+standing beneath the branches and pointing to their special
+contributions.  The fathers labored, the children entered into the
+fruitage of the labor in his dream; the poet slept in St. Peter's and
+saw the shadowy forms of all the architects and builders from the
+beginning of time standing about him and giving their special
+contributions to Bramante and Angelo's great temple.  Thus many hands
+have toiled upon man's house, man's art, industry, invention.
+
+In the realm of law and liberty the best things ask for patience and
+waiting.  Out of nothing nothing comes.  The institution that
+represents little toil but little time endures.  Man's early history is
+involved in obscurity, largely because his early arts were
+mushroomic--completed quickly, they quickly perished.  The ideas
+scratched upon the flat leaf or the thin reed represented scant labor
+and therefore soon were dust.  But he who holds in his hand a modern
+book holds the fruitage of years many and long.  For that book we see
+the workmen ranging far for linen; we see the printer toiling upon his
+movable types; we see the artist etching his plate; the author giving
+his days to study and his nights to reflection; and because the book
+harvests the study of a great man's lifetime it endures throughout
+generations.  The sciences also increase in value only as the time
+spent upon them is lengthened.  Few and brief were the days required
+for the early astronomers to work out the theory that the earth is
+flat, the sky a roof, the stars holes in which the gods have hung
+lighted lamps.  The theory that makes our earth sweep round the sun,
+our sun sweep round a far-off star, all lesser groups sweep round one
+central sun, that shepherds all the other systems, asks for the toil of
+Galileo and Kepler, of Copernicus and Newton, and a great company of
+modern students.  The father of astronomy had to wait a thousand years
+for the fruition of his science.  Upon those words, called law or love,
+or mother or king, man hath with patience labored.  The word wife or
+mother is so rich to-day as to make Homer's ideal, Helen, seem poor and
+almost contemptible.  The girl was very beautiful, but very painful the
+alacrity with which she passes from the arms of Menelaus to the arms of
+Paris, from the arms of Paris to those of Deiphobus, his conqueror.  If
+one hour only was required for this lovely creature to pack her
+belongings preparatory to moving to the tent of her new lord, one day
+fully sufficed for transferring her affections from one prince to
+another.  But, toiling ever upward to her physical beauty, woman added
+mental beauty, moral beauty, until the word wife or mother or home came
+to have almost infinite wealth of meaning.
+
+In government also the best political instruments ask for longest time.
+Hercules ruled by the right of physical strength.  Assembling the
+people, he challenged all rivals to combat.  A single hour availed for
+cutting off the head of his enemy.  Henceforth he reigned an
+unchallenged king.  Because man hath with patience toiled long upon
+this republic, how rich and complex its institutions!  The modern
+presidency does not represent the result of an hour's combat between
+two Samsons.  Forty years ago the eager aspirants began their struggle.
+A great company of young men all over the land determined to build up a
+reputation for patriotism, statesmanship, wisdom and character.  As the
+time for selecting a president approached, the people passed in review
+all these leaders.  When two or more were finally chosen out, there
+followed months in which the principles of the candidates were sifted
+and analyzed.  "I know of no more sublime spectacle," said Stuart Mill,
+"than the election of the ruler under the laws of the republic.  If the
+voice of the people is ever the voice of God, if any ruler rules by
+divine right, it is when millions of freemen, after long consideration,
+elect one man to be their appointed guide and leader."  If a single
+hour availed for Samson to settle the question of his sovereignty, free
+institutions ask for their statesmen to have the patience of years;
+working, they must also wait.
+
+With long patience also man has worked and waited as he has toiled upon
+his idea of religion.  Rude, indeed, man's hasty thoughts of the
+infinite.  In early days the sun was God's eye, the thunder his voice,
+the stroke of the earthquake the stroke of his arm, the harvest
+indicated his pleasure, the pestilence his anger.  In such an age the
+priest and philosopher taxed their genius to invent methods of
+preserving the friendship and avoiding the anger of the Infinite.
+Daily the king and general calculated how many sheep and oxen they must
+slay to avoid defeat in battle.  Daily the husbandman and farmer
+calculated how many doves and lambs must be killed to avert blight from
+the vineyard and hailstorms from the harvests.  Observing that when the
+king ascended to the throne the slaves put their necks under his heel
+and covered their bodies with dust, in their haste the priests
+concluded that by degrading man God would be exalted.  Prostrating
+themselves in dirt and rags, men went down in order that by contrast
+the throne of God might rise up.  The mud was made thick upon man's
+brow that the crown upon the brow of God might be made brilliant.  Out
+of this degrading thought grew the idea that God lived and ruled for
+his own gratification and self-glory.  The infinite throne was unveiled
+as a throne of infinite self-aggrandizement.  Slowly it was perceived
+that the parent who makes all things move about himself as a center,
+ever monopolizing the best food, the best place, the best things, at
+last becomes a monster of selfishness and suffers an awful degradation,
+while he who sacrifices himself for others is the true hero.
+
+At last, Christ entered the earthly scene with his golden rule and his
+new commandment of love.  He unveiled God, not as desiring to be
+ministered to, but as ministering; as being rich, yet for man's sake
+becoming poor; as asking little, but giving much; as caring for the
+sparrow and lily; as waiting upon each beetle, bird and beast, and
+caring for each detail of man's life.  Slowly the word God increased in
+richness.  Having found through his telescope worlds so distant as to
+involve infinite power, man emptied the idea of omnipotence into the
+word GOD; finding an infinite wisdom in the wealth of the summers and
+winters, man added the idea of omniscience; noting a certain upward
+tendency in society, man added the word, "Providence;" gladdened by
+God's mercy, man added ideas of forgiveness and love.  Slowly the word
+grew.  In the olden time people entering the Acropolis cast their gifts
+of gold and silver into some vase.  Last of all came the prince to
+empty in jewels and flashing gems and make the vase to overflow.  Not
+otherwise Christ emptied vast wealth of meaning into those words called
+"conscience," "law," "love," "vicarious suffering," "immortality,"
+"God."  Beautiful, indeed, the simplicity of Christ.  With long
+patience, man waited for the unveiling of the face of divine love.
+
+To all patriots and Christian men who seek to use occupation and
+profession so as to promote the world's upward growth comes the
+reflection that henceforth society's progress must be slow, because its
+institutions are high and complex.  To-day many look into the future
+with shaded eyes of terror.  In the social unrest and discontent of our
+times timid men see the brewing of a social and industrial storm.  In
+their alarm, amateur reformers bring in social panaceas, conceived in
+haste and born in fear.  But God cannot be hurried.  His century plants
+cannot be forced to blossom in a night.  No reformer can be too zealous
+for man's progress, though he can be too impatient.  In these days,
+when civilization has become complex and the fruitage high, those who
+work must also wait and with patience endure.
+
+Multitudes are abroad trying to settle the labor problem.  The labor
+problem will never be settled until the last man lies in the graveyard.
+Each new inventor reopens the labor problem.  Men were contented with
+their wages until Gutenberg invented his type and made books possible;
+then straightway every laborer asked an increased wage, that though he
+died ignorant his children might be intelligent.  When society had
+readjusted things and man had obtained the larger wage, Arkwright came,
+inventing his new loom, Goodyear came with the use of rubber, and
+straightway men asked a new wage to advantage themselves of woolen
+garments and rubber goods for miners and sailors.  On the morrow
+15,000,000 children will enter the schoolroom; before noon the teacher
+has given them a new outlook upon some book, some picture, some
+convenience, some custom.  Each child registers the purpose to go home
+immediately and cry to his parent for that book or picture; that tool
+or comfort.  When the parents return that night the labor question has
+been reopened in millions of homes.
+
+Intelligence is emancipating man.  Ignorance is a constant invitation
+to oppression.  So long as workmen are ignorant, governments will
+oppress them; wealth will oppress them; religious machinery will
+oppress them.  Education can make man's wrists too large to be holden
+of fetters.  In the autumn the forest trees tighten the bark, but when
+April sap runs through the trees the trunk swells, the bark is strained
+and despite all protests it splits and cracks.  The splitting of the
+bark saves the life of the tree.  The soft, balmy air of April is
+passing over the world and succeeding to the winter of man's
+discontent.  Old ideas are being rent asunder and old institutions are
+being succeeded by new ones.  God is abroad destroying that he may
+save.  In every age he makes the discontent of the present to be the
+prophecy of the higher civilization.  Despite all the pessimists and
+the croakers, the ideas of manhood were never so high as to-day, and
+the number of those whose hearts are knitted in with their kind was
+never so large nor so noble.  The movement may be slow, but it is
+because the social organs are complex and intricate.  With long
+patience man must work and also wait.
+
+In the world of business, also, the time element exerts striking
+influence.  To-day our land is filled with men who have sown the seed
+of thought and purpose, but whose harvest is of so high a quality that
+with long patience must they wait for the fruition.  How pathetic the
+reverses of the last four years.  The condition of our land as to the
+overthrows of its leaders answers to the condition in Poland when
+Kossuth and his fellow patriots, accustomed to life's comforts and its
+luxuries, went forth penniless exiles to accustom themselves to menial
+toil, to hardship and extreme poverty.  His heart must be of iron who
+can behold those who have been leaders of the industrial column, who
+now stand aside and see the multitude sweep by.  Just at the moment of
+expected victory misfortune overtook them and brought their structure
+down in ruins.  And because the seed they have sown is not physical,
+but mental and moral, the fruition is long postponed.
+
+Walter Scott tells the story of a wounded knight, who took refuge in
+the castle of a baron that proved to be a secret enemy and threw the
+knight into a dungeon; one day in his cell the knight heard the sound
+of distant music approaching.  Drawing near the slit in the tower, he
+saw the flash of swords and heard the tramp of marching men.  At last
+the wounded hero realized that these were his own troops, marching by
+in ignorance of the fact that the lord of this castle was also the
+jailer of their general.  While the knight tugged at his chain, lifted
+up his voice and cried aloud, his troops marched on, their music
+drowning out his cries.  Soon the banners passed from sight, the last
+straggler disappeared behind the hill and the captive was left alone.
+The brave knight died in his dungeon, but the story of his heroism
+lived.  What the knight learned in suffering the poets have taught in
+song.  The captive hero has a permanent place in civilization, though
+the foresight of his influence was denied him.
+
+Those whose harvest is delayed are a great company.  Elizabeth Barrett
+Browning exclaiming, "I have not used half the powers God has given
+me," poets dying ere the day was half done; the inventors and reformers
+denied their ideals; obscure and humble workmen--the mechanic who
+emancipates man by his machine; the artisan whose conveniences are
+endless benefactions to our homes; the smith whose honest anchor holds
+the ship in time of storm--all these labored and died without seeing
+the fruitage, but other men entered into their labors.
+
+To parents who have passed through all the thunder of life's battle and
+stand at the close of life's day discouraged because children are
+unripe, thoughtless and immature; to publicists and teachers, sowing
+God's precious seed, but denied its harvests; to individuals seeking to
+perfect their character within themselves comes this thought--that
+character is a harvest so rich as to ask for long waiting and the
+courage of far-off results.  Nature can perfect physical processes in
+twenty years, but long time is asked for teaching the arm skill, the
+tongue its grace of speech, to clothe reason with sweetness and light,
+to cast error out of the judgment, to teach the will hardness and the
+heart hope and endurance.
+
+Four hundred years passed by before the capstone was placed upon the
+Cathedral of Cologne, but no trouble requires such patient toil as the
+structure of manhood.  For complexity and beauty nothing is comparable
+to character.  Great artists spend years upon a single picture.  With a
+touch here and a touch there they approach it, and when a long period
+hath passed they bring it to completion.  Yet all the beauty of
+paintings, all the grace of statues, all the grandeur of cathedrals are
+as nothing compared to the painting of that inner picture, the
+chiseling of that inner manhood, the adornment of that inner temple,
+that is scarcely begun when the physical life ends.  How majestic the
+full disclosure of an ideal manhood!  With what patience must man wait
+for its completion!  Here lies the hope of immortality; it does not yet
+appear what man shall be.
+
+
+
+
+THE SUPREMACY OF HEART OVER BRAIN.
+
+
+
+
+"Out of the heart are the issues of life."--_Prov. IV. 23_.
+
+
+"For out of the heart man believeth unto righteousness."--_Paul_.
+
+
+"Heart is a word that the Bible is full of.  Brain, I believe, is not
+mentioned in Scripture.  Heart, in the sense in which it is currently
+understood, suggests the warm center of human life or any other life.
+When we say of a man that he 'has a good deal of heart' we mean that he
+is 'summery.'  When you come near him it is like getting around to the
+south side of a house in midwinter and letting the sunshine feel of
+you, and watching the snow slide off the twigs and the tear-drops swell
+on the points of pendant icicles.  Brain counts for a good deal more
+to-day than heart does.  It will win more applause and earn a larger
+salary.  Thought is driven with a curb-bit lest it quicken into a pace
+and widen out into a swing that transcends the dictates of good form.
+Exuberance is in bad odor.  Appeals to the heart are not thought to be
+quite in good taste.  The current demand is for ideas--not taste.  I
+asked a member of my church the other day whether he thought a certain
+friend of his who attends a certain church and is exceptionally brainy
+was really entering into sympathy with religious things.  'Oh, no,' he
+said, 'he likes to hear preaching because he has an active mind, and
+the way that things are spread out in front of him.'  In the old days
+of the church a sermon used to convert 3,000 men, now that temperature
+is down it takes 3,000 sermons to convert one man."--_Charles H.
+Parkhurst_.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+THE SUPREMACY OF HEART OVER BRAIN.
+
+To-day there has sprung up a rivalry between brain and heart.  Men are
+coming to idolize intellect.  Brilliancy is placed before goodness and
+intellectual dexterity above fidelity.  Intellect walks the earth a
+crowned king, while affection and sentiment toil as bond slaves.
+Doubtless our scholars, with the natural bias for their own class, are
+largely responsible for this worship of intellectuality.  When the
+historian calls the roll of earth's favorite sons he causes these
+immortals to stand forth an army of great thinkers, including
+philosophers, scientists, poets, jurists, generals.  The great minds
+are exalted, the great hearts are neglected.
+
+Artists also have united with authors for strengthening this idolatry
+of intellect.  One of the great pictures in the French Academy of
+Design assembles the immortals of all ages.  Having erected a tribunal
+in the center of the scene, Delaroche places Intellect upon the throne.
+Also, when the sons of genius are assembled about that glowing center,
+all are seen to be great thinkers.  There stand Democritus, a thinker
+about invisible atoms; Euclid, a thinker about invisible lines and
+angles; Newton, a thinker about an invisible force named gravity; La
+Place, a thinker about the invisible law that sweeps suns and stars
+forward toward an unseen goal.
+
+The artist also remembers the inventors whose useful thoughts blossom
+into engines and ships; statesmen whose wise thoughts blossom into
+codes and constitutions; speakers whose true thoughts blossom into
+orations, and artists whose beautiful thoughts appear as pictures.  At
+this assembly of the immortals great thinkers touch and jostle.  But if
+the great minds are remembered, no chair is made ready for the great
+hearts.  He who lingers long before this painting will believe that
+brain is king of the world; that great thinkers are the sole architects
+of civilization; that science is the only providence for the future;
+that God himself is simply an infinite brain, an eternal logic engine,
+cold as steel, weaving endless ideas about life and art, about nature
+and man.
+
+But the throne of the universe is mercy and not marble; the name of the
+world-ruler is Great Heart, rather than Crystalline Mind, and God is
+the Eternal Friend who pulsates out through his world those forms of
+love called reforms, philanthropies, social bounties and benefactions,
+even as the ocean pulsates its life-giving tides into every bay and
+creek and river.  The springs of civilization are not in the mind.  For
+the individual and the state, "out of the heart are the issues of life."
+
+What intellect can dream, only the heart realizes!  John Cabot's mind
+did, indeed, blaze a pathway through the New England forest.  But with
+burning hearts and iron will the Pilgrim Fathers loved liberty, law and
+learning, and soon they broadened the path into a highway for commerce,
+turned tepees into temples and made the forests a land of vineyards and
+villages.  Mind is the beginning of civilization, but the ends and
+fruitage thereof are of the heart.
+
+Christopher Wren's intellect wrought out the plan for St. Paul's
+Cathedral.  But all impotent to realize themselves, these plans, lying
+in the King's council chamber grew yellow with age and thick with dust.
+One day a great heart stood forth before the people of London, pointing
+them to an unseen God, "from whom cometh every good and perfect gift,"
+and, plying men with the generosity of God, he asked gifts of gold and
+silver and houses and lands, that England might erect a temple worthy
+of him "whom the heaven of heavens could not contain."  The mind of a
+great architect had created a plan and a "blue-print," but eager hearts
+inspiring earnest hands turned the plan into granite and hung in the
+air a dome of marble.
+
+Thus all the great achievements for civilization are the achievements
+of heart.  What we call the fine arts are only red-hot ingots of
+passion cooled off into visible shape.  All high music is emotion
+gushing forth at those faucets named musical notes.  As unseen vapors
+cool into those visible forms named snowflakes, so Gothic enthusiasms
+cooled off into cathedrals.
+
+Our art critics speak of the eight great paintings of history.  Each of
+these masterpieces does but represent a holy passion flung forth upon a
+canvas.  The reformation also was not achieved by intellect nor
+scholarship.  Erasmus represents pure mind.  Yet his intellect was cold
+as winter sunshine that falls upon a snowdrift and dazzles the eyes
+with brightness, yet is impotent to unlock the streams, or bore a hole
+through the snowdrifts, or release the roots from the grip of ice and
+frost, or cover the land with waving harvests.  Powerless as winter
+sunshine were Erasmus' thoughts.  But what the scholar could not do,
+Luther, the great heart, wrought easily.
+
+Thus all the reforms represent passions and enthusiasms.  That citadel
+called "The Divine Right of Kings" was not overthrown by colleges with
+books and pamphlets.  It was the pulse-beats of the heart of the people
+that pounded down the Bastille.  Ideas of the iniquity of slavery
+floated through our land for three centuries, yet the slave pen and
+auction block still cursed our land.  At last an enthusiasm for man as
+man and a great passion for the poor stood behind these ideas of human
+brotherhood, and as powder stands behind the bullet, flinging forth its
+weapons, slavery perished before the onslaught of the heart.
+
+The men whose duty it was to follow the line of battle and bury our
+dead soldiers tell us that in the dying hour the soldier's hand
+unclasped his weapon and reached for the inner pocket to touch some
+faded letter; some little keepsake, some likeness of wife or mother.
+This pathetic fact tells us that soldiers have won their battles not by
+holding before the mind some abstract thought about the rights of man.
+The philosopher did, indeed, teach the theory, and the general marked
+out the line of attack or defense, but it was love of home and God and
+native land that entered into the soldier and made his arm invincible.
+Back of the emancipation proclamation stands a great heart named
+Lincoln.  Back of Africa's new life stands a great heart named
+Livingstone.  Back of the Sermon on the Mount stands earth's greatest
+heart--man's Savior.  Christ's truth is enlightening man's ignorance,
+but his tears, falling upon our earth, are washing away man's sin and
+woe.
+
+Impotent the intellect without the support of the heart.  How thickly
+are the shores of time strewn with those forms of wreckage called great
+thoughts.  In those far-off days when the overseers of the Egyptian
+King scourged 80,000 slaves forth to their task of building a pyramid,
+a great mind discovered the use of steam.  Intellect achieved an
+instrument for lifting blocks of granite into proper place.  In that
+hour thought made possible the freedom of innumerable slaves.  But the
+heart of the tyrant held no love for his bondsmen.  The poor seemed of
+less worth than cattle.  Because the King's heart felt no woes to be
+cured, his hand pushed away the engine.  A great thought was there, but
+not the kindly impulse to use it.  Then, full 2,000 years passed over
+our earth.  At last came an era when man's heart journeyed forward with
+his mind.  Then the woes of miners and the world's burden-bearers
+filled the ears of James Watt with torment, and his sympathetic heart
+would not let him stay until he had fashioned his redemptive tool.
+
+For generations, also, the thoughts of liberty waited for the heart to
+re-enforce them and make them practical in institutions.  Two thousand
+years before the era of Cromwell and Hampden, Grecian philosophers
+wrought out a full statement for the republic and individual liberty.
+The right of life and liberty and the pursuit of happiness were truths
+clearly perceived by Plato and Pericles.  But the heart loved luxury
+and soft, silken refinements, and Grecian philosophers in their palaces
+refused to let their slaves go.
+
+Wide, indeed, the gulf separating our age of kindness from Cicero's age
+of cruelty!  The difference is almost wholly a difference of heart.
+This age has oratory and wisdom, and so had Cicero's; this age has
+poetry and art, and so had that; but our age has heart and sympathy,
+and Cicero's had not.  Caesar's mind was the mind of a scholar, but his
+hands were red with the blood of a half-million men slain in unjust
+wars.  Augustus loved refinement, literature and music.  He assembled
+at his table the scholars of a nation, yet his culture did not forbid
+the slaying of ten thousand gladiators at his various garden parties.
+
+We admire Pliny's literary style.  One evening Pliny returned home from
+the funeral of the wife of a friend and sat down to write that friend a
+note of gratitude for having so arranged the gladiatorial spectacle as
+to make the funeral service pass off quite pleasantly.  For that age of
+intellect was also an age of blood; the era of art and luxury was also
+an era of cruelty and crime.  The intellect lent a shining luster to
+the era of Augustus, but because it was intellect only it was gilt and
+not gold.  Had the heart re-enforced the intellect with sympathy and
+justice the age of Augustus might have been an era golden, indeed, and
+also perpetual.
+
+Great men capitalize the impotency of unsupported intellect.
+Ten-talent men have often known more than they would do.  The children
+of genius have not always lived up to their moral light.  Burns' mind
+ran swiftly forward, but his will followed afar off.  If the poet's
+forehead was in the clouds, his feet were in the mire.  How noble,
+also, Byron's thoughts, but how mean his life!  Goethe uttered the
+wisdom of a sage, as did Rousseau, yet their deeds were often those we
+would expect from a slave with a low brow.  Even of Shakespeare, it is
+said in the morning he polished his sonnets, while at midnight he
+poached game from a neighboring estate.  Our era bestows unstinted
+admiration upon the essays of Lord Bacon.  How noble his aphorisms!
+How petty his envy and avarice!  What scholarship was his, and what
+cunning also!  With what splendor of argument does he plead for the
+advancement of learning and liberty!  With what meanness does he take
+bribes from the rich against the poor!  His mind seems like a palace of
+marble with splendid galleries and library and banqueting hall, yet in
+this palace the spider spins its web and vermin make the foundations to
+be a noisome place.
+
+In all ages also the intellect of the common people has discerned truth
+and light that the will has refused to fulfill.  Generations ago
+society discovered the doctrine of industry and integrity, and yet
+thousands of individuals still prefer to steal or beg or starve rather
+than work.  For centuries the work of moralists and public instructors
+has not been so much the making known new truth as the inspiring men to
+do a truth already known.  As of old, so now, the word is nigh man,
+even in his mouth, for enabling society to lift every social burden,
+right every social wrong, turn each rookery into a house, make each
+place wealth, make every home happiness, make every child a scholar, a
+patriot and a Christian.  In Solomon's day wisdom stood in the corner
+of the streets but man would not regard, and the city perished.  Should
+the heart now join the intellect, man's feet would swiftly find these
+paths that lead to prosperity and perfect peace.
+
+Fascinating, indeed, the question how feeling and sentiment control
+conduct and character.  Modern machinery has thrown light upon the
+problems of the soul.  The engineer finds that his locomotive will not
+run itself, but waits for the steam to pound upon the piston.  The
+great ships also are becalmed until the trade winds come to beat upon
+the sails.  Informed by these physical facts, we now see a noble
+thought or ambition or social ideal is a mechanism that will not work
+itself, but asks the enthusiastic heart to lend power divine.  Some of
+earth's greatest orators, like Patrick Henry, have been unlearned men,
+but no orator has ever fallen short of being an enthusiastic man.  A
+generation ago there appeared in Paris one whose voice was counted the
+most perfect voice in Europe.  Musical critics gave unstinted praise to
+the purity of tone and accuracy of execution.  Yet in a few weeks the
+audiences had dwindled to a handful, and in a few years the singer's
+name was forgotten.  Obscurity overtook the singer because there was no
+heart behind the voice and so the tones became metallic.  Contrariwise,
+the  history of Jenny Lind contains a letter to a friend in Sweden, in
+which the singer writes: "Oh, that I may live two years longer and be
+permitted to save enough money to complete my orphans' home!"  As the
+sun's warm beams lend a soft blush to the rose and pulsate the crimson
+tides through to the uttermost edge of each petal, so a great, loving
+sympathy, sang and sighed, thrilled and throbbed through the tones of
+the Swedish singer, and ravished the hearts of the people and made her
+name immortal.
+
+History portrays many men of giant minds whose intellect could not
+redeem them from aimlessness and obscurity.  Not until some divine
+enthusiasm descended upon the mind and baptized it with heroic action
+did these men find themselves.  To that young patrician, Saul,
+journeying to Damascus, came the heavenly vision, and the new impulse
+of the heart made his cold mind warm, lent wings to his slow feet, made
+all his days powerful, made his soul the center of an immense activity.
+This glowing heart of Paul explains for us the fact that he achieved
+freedom of thought and speech, endured the stones with which he was
+bruised, the stocks in which he was bound, the mobbings with which he
+was mutilated; explains also his eloquence, known and unrecorded;
+explains his faith and fortitude, his heroism in death.  And not only
+has the zeal of the heart made strong men stronger, turned weak men
+into giants, lent the soldier his conquering courage and lent the
+scholar a stainless life--to men whose will has been made weak by
+indulgence, the new love has come to redeem intellect and will from the
+bondage of habit.
+
+No one who ever heard John B. Gough can forget his marvelous eloquence,
+his wit and his pathos, his scintillating humor, his inimitable
+dramatisms.  He did not have the polished brilliancy of Everett or the
+elegant scholarship of Phillips, and yet when these numbered thousands
+of admirers, Gough numbered his tens of thousands.  In his
+autobiography this man tells us to what sad straits passion had brought
+him; how he reflected upon the injury he was doing himself and others,
+only to find that his reflections and resolutions snapped like cobwebs
+before the onslaught of temptation.  One night the young bookbinder
+drifted into a little meeting and, buttoning his seedy overcoat to
+conceal his rags, in some way he found himself upon his feet and began
+to speak.  The address that proved a pleasure to others was a
+revelation to himself.  For the first time Gough tasted the joys of
+moving men and mastering them for good.  Within a week that love of
+public speech and useful service had kindled his mental faculties into
+a creative glow.  The new and higher love of the heart consumed the
+lower love of the body, just as the sun melts manacles of ice from a
+man's wrist.
+
+History is full of these transformations wrought by the heart.  It was
+a new enthusiasm that changed Augustine the epicurean into Augustine
+the church father.  It was a new enthusiasm that turned Howard the
+pleasure-lover into Howard the prison-reformer.  It was a glowing heart
+that lent power to Mazzini and Garibaldi and gave Italy her new hope
+and liberty.  Indeed, the history of each life is the history of its
+new loves.  The enthusiasms are beacon lights that glow in the highway
+along which the soul journeys forward.  When the hero's ships were
+becalmed Virgil tells us that Aeolus struck the hollow mountain with
+his staff and straightway, released from their caves, the winds went
+forth to stir the waves and smite upon the sails and sweep the becalmed
+ship on toward its harbor.  Oh, beautiful story, telling us how Christ
+touches the heart with his regenerating hand to release the soul's
+deeper convictions, to sweep man forward to the heavenly haven!
+
+If sentiment working in sound can make music; if working in colors,
+etc., it can fill galleries with statues and pictures; if sentiment
+working in literature can produce poems, it should not seem strange
+that the heart, with its affections, furnishes the key of knowledge and
+wisdom.  The time was when authors were supposed to think out their
+truths; now we know that the greatest truths are felt out.  Matthew
+Arnold said that mere knowledge is cold as an icicle, but once
+experienced and touched with noble feelings truth becomes sweetness and
+light.  This author thought that the first requisite for a good writer
+was a sensitive and sympathetic heart.
+
+Even in Shakespeare the springs of genius were not in the mind.  The
+heart of our greatest poet was so sensitive that he could not see an
+apple blossom without hoping that no untimely frost would nip it; could
+not see the clusters turn purple under the autumn sun without hoping
+that hailstones would not pound off the rich clusters; could not see a
+youth leave his home to seek his fortune without praying that he would
+return to his mother laden with rich treasures; could not see a bride
+go down the aisle of the church without sending up a petition that many
+years might intervene before death's hand should touch her white brow.
+Sympathy in the heart so fed the springs of thought in the mind that it
+was easy for the poet to put himself in another's place.  And so, while
+his pen wrote, his heart felt itself to be the king and also his
+servant, to be the merchant and also his clerk, to be the general and
+also his soldier.  He saw the assassin drawing near the throne with a
+dagger beneath his cloak; he went forth with King Lear to shiver
+beneath the wintry blasts; he rejoiced with Rosalind and wept with
+Hamlet, and there was no joy or grief or woe or wrong that ever touched
+a human heart that he did not perfectly feel and, therefore, perfectly
+describe.  For depth of mind begins with depth of heart.  The greatest
+writers are primarily seers and only incidentally thinkers.  As of old,
+so now, for a thousand thinkers there is only one great seer.
+
+Having affirmed the influence of the heart upon the intellect and
+scholarship, let us hasten to confess that the heart determines the
+religious belief and creed.  It is often said that belief is a matter
+of pure reason determined wholly by evidence.  And doubtless it is true
+that in approaching mathematical proofs man is to discharge his mind of
+all color.  That two and two are four is true for the poet and the
+miser, for the peaceable man not less than the litigious.  But of the
+other truths of life it is a fact that with the heart man believes.  We
+approach wheat with scales, we measure silk with a yardstick; we test
+the painting with taste and imagination, and the symphony with the
+sense of melody; motives and actions are tested by conscience; we
+approach the stars with a telescope, while purity of heart is the glass
+by which we see God.  The scales that are useful in the laboratory are
+utterly valueless in the art gallery.  The scientific faculty that fits
+Spencer for studying nature unfits him for studying art.  In his old
+age Huxley, the scientist, wrote an essay forty pages long to prove
+that man was more beautiful than woman.  Imagine some Tyndall
+approaching the transfiguration of Raphael to scrape off the colors and
+test them with acid and alkali for finding out the proportion of blue
+and crimson and gold.  These are the methods that would give the
+village paint-grinder precedency above genius itself.
+
+In 1837 two boys entered Faneuil hall and heard Wendell Phillips'
+defense of Lovejoy.  One youth was an English visitor who saw the
+portraits of Otis and Hancock, yet saw them not; heard the words of
+Phillips, yet heard them not, and because his heart was in London
+believed not unto patriotism.  But the blood of Adams was in the veins
+of the other youth.  He thought of Samuel Adams, who heard the firing
+at Lexington and exclaimed; "What a glorious morning this is!"  He
+thought of John Adams and his love of liberty.  He thought of the old
+man eloquent, John Quincy Adams, in the Halls of Congress, and as he
+listened to the burning words of the speaker, tears filled his eyes and
+pride filled his soul.  It was his native land.  With his heart he
+believed unto patriotism.
+
+What the man is determines largely what his intellect thinks about God.
+When the heart is narrow, harsh, and rigorous its theology is despotic
+and cruel.  When the heart grows kindly, sympathetic and of autumnal
+richness, it emphasizes the sympathy and love of God.  Each man paints
+his own picture of God.  The heart lends the pigments.  Souls full of
+sweetness and light fill the divine portrait with the lineaments of
+love.  For with the heart man believeth unto righteousness.
+
+Happy, indeed, our age, in that the heart is now beginning to color our
+civilization.  Vast, indeed, the influence of library and lecture-hall,
+of gallery and store and market-place, but the most significant fact of
+our day is that sympathy is baptizing our industries and institutions
+with new effort.  Intellect has lent the modern youth instruments many
+and powerful.  Inventive thought has lent fire to man's forge, tools
+for his hands, books for his reading, has lent arts, sciences,
+institutions.  The modern youth stands forth in the aspect of the Roman
+conqueror to whom the citizens went forth to bestow gifts, one taking
+his chariot, one leading a steed, the children scattering flowers in
+the way, young men and maidens taking the hero's name upon their lips.
+Unfortunately multitudes have declined those high gifts, turning away
+from the open door of the schoolhouse and college; many young feet have
+crossed the threshold of the saloon.  Having entered our museum or
+art-gallery, multitudes enter places of evil resort.
+
+Despising the opportunity offered by music or eloquence, by book or
+newspaper, by trade and profession, many choose sloth and
+self-indulgence.  These needy millions, blinded with sin and ignorance,
+stand forth as a great opportunity for loving hearts.  Sympathy is
+making beautiful the pathway of knowledge, that young hearts may be
+allured along the shining way.  By a thousand arts and devices young
+people of refinement and culture are founding centers of light among
+the poor.  The opportunity that William the Silent found in the
+starving millions of Holland; that Garrison found in the miserable
+slaves of the South; that Livingstone found in Africa, the modern hero
+is finding in the tenement-house district.  Through sympathy a new hope
+is entering into all classes of society.
+
+The heart is also coloring industry.  This year it is said that more
+than a score of great industrial institutions in our country have, to
+the factory, added gymnasium, recreation-hall, schoolroom, library,
+free musicals and lectures.  The intellect has failed to solve the
+social problems by giving allopathic doses from Poor Richard's Almanac.
+Impotent also those dreamers who have insisted that society must have
+socialism--either God's or the devil's.  Impotent those who, during the
+past week, have proposed to cure economic ills by spitting the heads of
+tyrants upon bayonets.  But what force and law cannot do is slowly
+being done by sympathy and good-will.  The heart is taking the rigor
+out of toil, the drudgery out of service, the cruelty out of laws,
+harshness out of theology, injustice out of politics.  Love has done
+much.  The social gains of the future are to be to the gradual progress
+of sympathy and love.
+
+Unto man who goes through life working, weeping, laughing, loving,
+comes the heart believing unto immortality.  For reason oft the
+immortal hope burns low and the stars dim and disappear, but for the
+heart, never!  Scientists tell us matter is indestructible.  And the
+heart nourishes an immortal hope that no doubt can quench, no argument
+destroy, no misfortune annihilate.  Comforting, indeed, for reasons,
+the arguments of Socrates that life survives death.  After the death of
+his beloved daughter Tullia, Cicero outlined arguments which have
+consoled the mind of multitudes.  But in the hour of darkness and
+blackness, for a man to put out upon Death's dark sea, upon the
+argument of Cicero, is like some Columbus committing himself to a
+single plank in the hope of discovering an unseen continent.
+
+In these dark hours the heart speaks.  In the poet's vision, to blind
+Homer, falling into the bog, torn by the thorns and thickets and lost
+in the forest and the night, came the young goddess, the daughter of
+Light and Beauty, to take the sightless poet by the hand and lead him
+up the heavenly heights.  Sometimes intellect seems sightless and
+wanders lost in the maze.  Then comes the heart to lead man along the
+upward path.  For even in its dreams the heart hears the sound of
+invisible music.  Oft before reason's eye the heart unveils the Vision
+Splendid.  The soul is big with immortality.  When the heart speaks it
+is God within making overtures for man to come upward toward home and
+heaven.
+
+
+
+
+RENOWN THROUGH SELF-RENUNCIATION.
+
+
+
+
+"To live absolutely each man for himself could not be possible if all
+were to live together.  In course of time, in addition to utility,
+certain more sensitive individuals began to see a charm, a beauty in
+this consideration for others.  Gradually a sort of sanctity attached
+to it, and nature had once more illustrated her mysterious method of
+evolving from rough and even savage necessities her lovely shapes and
+her tender dreams.  To assert, then, with some recent critics of
+Christianity, that that law of brotherly love which is its central
+teaching is impracticable of application to the needs of society, is
+simply to deny the very first law by which society exists."--_Richard
+Le Galliene, in "The Religion of a Literary Man._"
+
+
+"It is only with renunciations that life, properly speaking, can be
+said to begin. . . .  In a valiant suffering for others, not in a
+slothful making others suffer for us, did nobleness ever
+lie."--_Carlyle_.
+
+
+"You talk of self as the motive to exertion.  I tell you it is the
+abnegation of self which has wrought out all that is noble, all that is
+good, all that is useful, nearly all that is ornamental in the
+world."--_Whyte Melville_.
+
+
+"Jesus said;  'Whosoever will come after Me, let him renounce himself,
+and take up his cross daily and follow Me.'  Perhaps there is no other
+maxim of Jesus which has such a combined stress of evidence for it and
+may be taken as so eminently His."--Matthew Arnold.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+RENOWN THROUGH SELF-RENUNCIATION.
+
+History has crowned self-sacrifice as one of the virtues.  In all ages
+selfishness has been like a flame consuming society, like a sword
+working waste and ruin, but self-sacrifice has repaired these ravages
+and achieved for man victories many and great.  The church owes so much
+to the company of martyrs whose blood has crimsoned her every page, the
+state is so deeply indebted to the patriots who have given their lives
+for liberty, man has derived such strength from those who have endured
+the fetter and the fagot rather than belie their convictions, woman has
+derived such beauty from the example of that Antigone who died rather
+than desert the body of her dead brother, as that each modern youth
+beholds self-sacrifice standing forth clothed with immeasurable
+excellence.
+
+Not large the company of the Immortals whose birthdays society
+celebrates.  Yet when on these high days, through song or story the
+poet or orator draws back the veil and reveals to the assembled
+multitude the face of some Garibaldi or Hampden or Lincoln, the beloved
+one is seen to be clothed with genius and beauty and truth indeed, but
+also to be crowned with self-sacrifice.  Society makes haste to forget
+him who remembers only himself.  As there can be no illiterate sage, no
+ignorant Shakespeare, so history knows no selfish hero.  For the
+mercenary forehead memory has no wreath.  A sentinel with a flaming
+sword guards the threshold of the temple of fame against those
+aspirants named Ease, Avarice, Self-indulgence.
+
+"Shall I be remembered by posterity?" asked the dying Garfield.  In
+this eager, tremulous question the renowned and the obscure alike have
+a pathetic interest.  For the deeply reflective mind oblivion is a
+thought all unendurable.  The tool man fashions, the structure he
+rears, the success he achieves, not less than his marble monument,
+looks down upon the beholder with a mute appeal for recollection.  To
+each eager aspirant for everlasting remembrance Christ comes whispering
+his secret of abiding renown.  Speaking not as an amateur, but as a
+master, Christ affirms that he who would save his life must lose it,
+that he who would be remembered by others must forget himself, that the
+soldier who flees from danger to save his body shall leave that life
+upon the battlefield, while he who plunges his banner into the very
+thick of the fight and is carried off the field upon his shield shall
+in safety bear his life away.  Hard seem the terms; they rebuke ease,
+they smite self-indulgence, they deny the maxims of the worldly wise.
+But in accepting Christ's principle and forsaking their palaces that
+they might be as brothers to beggars, Xavier and Loyola found an
+exhilaration denied to kings; while each Sir Launfal, in his ease
+denied the Holy Grail, has in the hour of self-sacrifice discerned the
+Vision Splendid.  To each young patriot and soldier looking eagerly
+unto the tablets that commemorate the deeds of heroes, to each young
+scholar aspiring to a place beside the sages, comes this word: Life is
+through death, and immortal renown through self-renunciation.
+
+This law of self-sacrifice is imbedded in nature.  Minot, the
+embryologist, and Drummond, the scientist, tells us that only by losing
+its life does the cell save it.  The new science exhibits the body as a
+temple, constructed out of cells, as a building is made of bricks.
+Just as some St. Peter represents strange marble from Athens, beauteous
+woods from Cyprus, granite from Italy, porphyry from Egypt, all brought
+together in a single cathedral, so the human body is a glorious temple
+built by those architects called living cells.  When the scientist
+searches out the beginning of bird or bud or acorn he comes to a single
+cell.  Under the microscope that cell is seen to be absorbing nutrition
+through its outer covering.  But when the cell has attained a certain
+size its life is suddenly threatened.  The center of the cell is seen
+to be so far from the surface that it can no longer draw in the
+nutrition from without.  The bulk has outrun the absorbing surface.
+"The alternative is very sharp," says the scientist, "the cell must
+divide or die."  Only by losing its life and becoming two cells can it
+save its life.
+
+Later on, when each of the two cells has grown again to the size of the
+original one, the same peril threatens them and they too must divide or
+die.  And when through this law of saving life by losing it nature has
+made sure the basis for bud and bird, for beast and man, then the
+principle of sacrifice goes on to secure beauty of the individual plant
+or animal and perpetuity for the species.  In the center of each grain
+of wheat there is a golden spot that gives a yellow cast to the fine
+flour.  That spot is called the germ.  When the germ sprouts and begins
+to increase, the white flour taken up as food begins to decrease.  As
+the plant waxes, the surrounding kernel wanes.  The life of the higher
+means the death of the lower.  In the orchard also the flower must fall
+that the fruit may swell.  If the young apple grows large, it must
+begin by pushing off the blossom.  But by losing the lower bud, the
+tree saves the higher fruit.
+
+Centuries ago Herodotus, the Grecian traveler, noted a remarkable
+custom in Egypt.  Each springtime, when the palms flowered, the
+Egyptians went into the desert, cut off branches from the wild palms
+and, bringing them back to their gardens, waved them over the flowers
+of the date trees.  What was meant by this ceremony Herodotus did not
+know.  The husbandmen believed that if they neglected it the gods would
+give them but a scanty crop of dates.  It was reserved for the science
+of our century, through Drummond, to explain the fact that the one palm
+saved its dates because the other palm lost its fertilizing pollen.
+Should nature refuse to obey this law of losing life in order to save
+it, man's world would become one vast Sahara waste, an arctic
+desolation.
+
+The law of sacrifice is also industrial law.  Great is the power of
+wealth.  It buys comfort, it purchases travel, it secures instruments
+of culture for reason and taste, it is almoner of bounty for sympathy
+and kindness.  Flowing through man's life, it seems like unto some Nile
+flowing through Egypt with soft, irrigating flow, bearing man's burdens
+upon its currents, giving food to bird and beast.  But the story of
+each Peter Cooper, each Peabody, each Amos Lawrence, is the story of
+the ease of life lost to-day that the strength of life may be saved
+to-morrow.  Each young merchant loved luxury and beauty, but in the
+interests of thrift he denied the eye its hunger, the taste its
+satisfaction.  When pride asked for dress and show, the youth rebuked
+his vanity.  When companions scoffed at the young merchant as a niggard
+he subdued his sensitiveness and inured himself to rigid economy.  When
+increasing wealth began to lend influence, and society urged him to
+give his evenings to gayety, the young merchant denied the social
+instinct and gave his long winter evenings to broadening his knowledge
+and culture.  Having lost the lower good, at last the time came when
+the American merchant and philanthropist had saved for himself
+universal fame.  Having lost ease and self-indulgence during the first
+half of his life, he saved the higher ease and comfort for the second
+period of his career.
+
+Similarly of the young men in Parliament who to-day have charge of the
+destinies of the English empire, it may be said that they have saved
+their lives, because the fathers lost theirs.  One hundred years ago
+these fathers made exiles of themselves in the interests of their sons
+and daughters.  The East India merchant exiled himself into the tropic
+land where heat and malaria made his skin as yellow as the gold he
+gained.  Others braved the perils of the African forests, dared the
+dangers of Australian deserts, endured the rigor of the arctic cold.
+Losing the lower and present happiness, they saved the higher ease and
+comfort for their sons.  The self-denial of yesterday brought the
+influence of to-day.  Upon this principle God has organized the
+industrial world.  Man must take his choice between ease and wealth,
+either may be his but not both.
+
+Sacrifice is also the secret of beauty, culture and character.
+Selfishness eats sweetness from the singer's voice as rust eats the
+edge of a sword.  St. Cecilia refused to lend the divine touch to lips
+steeped in pleasure.  He who sings for love of gold finds his voice
+becoming metallic.  In art, also, Hitchcock has said: "When the brush
+grows voluptuous it falls like an angel from heaven."  Fra Angelico
+refuses an invitation to the Pitti palace, choosing rather his crust
+and pallet in the cell of the monastery.  The artist gave his mornings
+to the poor, his evenings to his canvas.  But when the painter had worn
+his life away in kindly deeds, men found that the light divine had been
+transferred to the painter's canvas.  Eloquence also loves sincere
+lips.  The history of oratory includes few great scenes--Demosthenes'
+plea for Athenian liberty that resulted in his death, Luther's single
+challenge to the hosts of Pope and Emperor, Wendell Phillips' at
+Faneuil Hall, Lincoln's at Gettysburg.  All these risked life for a
+cause, and were baptized with eloquence, their words being tipped with
+fire, their minds hurling thunderbolts.
+
+Sacrifice also is the secret of beauty.  After a little time the life
+of pleasure and selfishness will make the sweetest fact opaque and
+repellent, while self-sacrificing thoughts are cosmetics that at last
+make the plainest face to be beautiful.  In the calm of scholarship men
+have given up the thought that culture consists of an exquisite
+refinement in manners and dress, in language and equipage.  The poet
+laureate makes Maud the type of polished perfection.  She is "icily
+regular, splendidly null," for culture is more of the heart than of the
+mind.  But as eloquence means that an orator has so mastered the laws
+of posture, and gesture and thought and speech that they are utterly
+forgotten, and have become second nature, so knowledge becomes culture,
+and physical perfection becomes beauty, only when it is unconscious.
+
+In the moral realm also, the gains for the soul begin with loss.  In
+the hour of temptation he who sacrifices the higher duty to the lower
+pleasure will find that ease has shorn away the strength of Samson.
+
+Victor Hugo has pictured a man committing suicide through poverty, and
+deserting the duty and dwelling where God has placed him.  But waking
+in the next world, the man perceives a letter on the way to himself
+announcing a large inheritance which would have been his had he but
+been patient.  Therefore the great novelist affirms that God makes such
+a man begin over again, only under harder conditions, the existence
+that here he has willfully shattered.  What a tragedy is his who, to
+save the present good, will lose the higher life.  Whittier expressed
+the fear that Daniel Webster saved his life only to lose it.  In his
+works the poet recalls the time when for genius of statesmanship and
+weight of mentality Webster's like was not upon our earth.  But in an
+evil hour the statesman saw that the presidency was a prize that could
+be gained by giving the fugitive slave law as a sop to the South.  In
+that hour his character suffered grievous injury.  In the attempt to
+save men's votes he lost men's higher respect.  In deepest sorrow his
+admirers, abroad and at home, cried out: "O, Lucifer, thou son of the
+morning, how art thou fallen!"
+
+The law of sacrifice is also the law of progress and civilization.
+When history exhibits as dead the nations that have been
+pleasure-seekers it declares that the state that saveth its life shall
+lose it.  In our own land the bankruptcy and gloom that have for years
+overshadowed the South speak eloquently of a national gain that is a
+loss.  One hundred years ago the North freed its slaves.  Later, when
+the constitution was adopted, many statesmen believed that slavery was
+losing its hold in the South.  Jefferson said: "When I think that God
+is just I tremble for my country."  In that hour the statesman
+prophesied that slavery would soon melt away like the vanishing snow of
+April.  But when Whitney invented his gin and the raising of cotton
+became very lucrative slavery took on new life.  It was Lord Brougham
+who first said that when slavery brought in 100 percent, while it was
+seen to be immoral, not all the navies of the world could stop it.
+Later, when it brought in 300 percent, it became a peculiar
+institution, patterned after the system of the patriarchs.  But when it
+brought in 300 percent master and slave became a Christian relation,
+and slavery was baptized with quotations from the Old Testament.
+
+But avarice could not forever blind men's eyes to scenes of sorrow, nor
+stop their ears to sounds of woe.  When the horrors of the slave-market
+and the infamies of the cotton-field filled all the land with shame
+reformers arose, declaring that the attempt to compress and confine
+liberty would end in explosion.  In that hour Northern men made
+tentative overtures looking to the purchase of all slaves.  But
+slavery, Delilah-like, made the southern leaders drunk with the cup of
+sorcery.  They scorned the proposition.  In the light of subsequent
+events we see that in saving her institution the South lost it, and
+with it her wealth, while in losing her slaves the North gained her
+wealth.  Under free labor the North doubled its population, its
+manufactories, its riches and waxed mighty.  Under slave-labor the
+South dwindled in wealth and became only the empty shell of a state.
+The spark fired at Fort Sumter kindled a conflagration that swept
+through the sunny South like a devastating fire and revealed its inner
+poverty.  When four years had passed by the farmhouses and factories
+were ruins, the village was a heap, the town a desolation.  Graveyards
+were as populous as cities, each village had its company of cripples,
+the cry of the orphan and the widow filled all the land.
+
+When Charles Darwin returned from his voyage around the world, he sent
+a generous contribution to the London Missionary Society.  The great
+scientist had discovered that in lessening her wealth through missions
+England had saved her treasure through commerce.  Traveling in foreign
+lands, Darwin noticed that the Christian teachers in schools that now
+touch 3,000,000 of young men and women in India, were really commercial
+agents for England's trade.  In awakening the minds of the darkened
+millions the teacher had created a demand for books, newspapers and
+printing-presses.  In awakening the sense of self-respect the teacher
+had created a demand for English clothing and the product of English
+looms.  Also the influence of each home, with its comforts and
+conveniences, created a demand for English tools and improvements of
+labor.  Summing up his observation, Lord Havelock said that each
+thousand dollars England had spent upon her missions had brought a
+return of a hundred thousand dollars through her commerce.  Hitherto
+the interior of China has been closed to English merchants.  To that
+dark land, therefore, England has sent 200 teachers whose homes are
+centers of light and inspiration.  When two-score years have passed
+English fleets will be taxed to the utmost to carry to China, as now to
+India, her fabrics of cotton and wool, her presses, looms,
+sewing-machines, her pictures, her libraries.  In giving of her wealth
+to found these destitute schools England will save it a hundred-fold
+and find new markets among 300,000,000 people.
+
+Sacrifice is also the secret of influence.  Long ago Cicero noted that
+tales of heroes and eloquence and self-sacrifice cast a charm and spell
+upon the people.  When men sacrifice ease, wealth, rank, life itself,
+the delight of the beholders knows no bounds.  If we call the roll of
+the sons of greatness and influence we shall see that they are also the
+sons of self-sacrifice.  The Grecian hero who lost his life that he
+might save his influence is typical of all the great leaders.  Phocion
+was a patriot and martyr whose single error in judgment brought down a
+catastrophe upon his beloved Athens.  When the fierce mob surrounded
+his house and prepared to beat down his doors, friends offered Phocion
+escape and shelter, but the hero went calmly forth to meet his death.
+When the day of execution arrived the cup of poison was handed to the
+other leaders first.  The jailer was careful to see to it that before
+he reached Phocion he had only a few drops of hemlock left in his cup,
+but the hero drew out his purse and bade a youth run swiftly to buy
+more poison, saying to the onlookers: "Athens makes her patriots pay,
+even for dying."  Losing his life, Phocion, found immortal influence.
+
+The history of Holland's greatness is the history of one who saved
+liberty by losing his own life.  William the Silent was a prince in
+station and in wealth, yet for Holland's sake made himself a beggar and
+an outlaw.  He feared God, indeed, but not the batteries of Alva and
+Philip.  His career reads like one who with naked fists captured a
+blazing cannon.  Falling at last by the dagger of a hired assassin, he
+exclaimed: "I commit my poor people to God and myself to God's great
+captain, Christ."  When he died little children cried in the streets.
+He lost his life, said his biographer, but saved his fame.  And what
+shall we more say of Italy's hero, who wore his fiery fagots like a
+crown of gold; of Germany's hero, who lost his priestly rites, but
+gained the hearts of all mankind; of England's hero, whose very ashes
+were cast by enemies upon the River Severn, as if to float his
+influence out o'er all the world, of India's hero, William Carey, the
+English shoemaker, who founded for India an educational system now
+reaching millions of children and youth, who gave India literature,
+made five grammars and six dictionaries, and so used his commercial
+genius through his indigo plantation and factories that it made for him
+a million dollars in the interests of Christian missions?  Of this
+great company, what can we say save that they won renown through
+self-renunciation!  What they did makes weak and unworthy what we say.
+Just here let us remember that the statue of Jupiter was a figure so
+colossal that worshipers, unable to reach the divine forehead, cast
+their garlands at the hero's feet.  For this law of sacrifice is the
+secret of the Messiah.  Earth's great ones were taught it by their
+Master.  Jesus Christ, "being rich, for our sakes became poor."
+Because the law of sacrifice is the law of the Savior, man gains life
+through death and renown through self-renunciation.
+
+
+
+
+THE GENTLENESS OF TRUE GIANTHOOD.
+
+
+
+
+"A gentleman's first characteristic is that fineness of structure in
+the body which renders it capable of the most delicate sensation; and
+of structure in the mind which renders it capable of the most delicate
+sympathies--one may say, simply 'fineness of nature.'  This is, of
+course, compatible with heroic bodily strength and mental firmness, in
+fact, heroic strength is not conceivable without such delicacy.
+Elephantine strength may drive its way through a forest and feel no
+touch of the boughs, but the white skin of Homer's Atrides would have
+felt a bent rose leaf, yet subdue its feeling in glow of battle, and
+behave itself like iron.  I do not mean to call an elephant a vulgar
+animal, but if you think about him carefully you will find that his
+non-vulgarity consists in such gentleness as is possible to elephantine
+nature, not in his insensitive hide, nor in his clumsy foot, but in the
+way he will lift his foot if a child lies in his way and in his
+sensitive trunk, and still more sensitive mind, and capability of pique
+on points of honor.  Hence it will follow that one of the probable
+signs of high-breeding in men generally will be their kindness and
+mercifulness."--_Modern Painters_.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+THE GENTLENESS OF TRUE GIANTHOOD.
+
+History has never known another such an enthusiasm for a hero as the
+multitude once felt toward Jesus Christ.  There have indeed been times
+when such patriots as Garibaldi, Kossuth and Lincoln have kindled in
+men an enthusiasm akin to adoration and worship.  Yet let us hasten to
+confess that the qualities calculated to quicken men into raptures of
+devotion appeared in these patriots only in fragmentary form, while
+they dwelt in Christ in full-orbed majesty and splendor.  The welcome
+Chicago gave to Grant upon his return from his journey around the
+world; the enthusiasm excited by Kossuth when in 1851 he drove through
+Broadway, New York; the wave of gratitude that swept over the Italian
+multitude when Garibaldi appeared in Florence--all these are events
+that bear witness to society's devotion to its patriots and heroes.
+But, be it remembered, these scenes occurred but once in the history of
+each of these great men.
+
+It stirs wonder in us, therefore, that Christ's every journey across
+the fields took on the aspect of a triumphal procession, while His
+popularity waxed with familiarity and the increasing years.  Indeed,
+full oft the rapture men felt toward Him amounted to an intoxication
+and an ecstasy of devotion.  True it is that men now look upon Him
+through a blaze of light, and, remembering His achievements for art,
+liberty and learning, have stained His name through and through with
+lustrous colors.  As at eventide we look out upon the sun through white
+and golden clouds that the sun itself has lifted, so do we behold the
+carpenter's son standing forth under the dazzling light of nearly two
+thousand years of history, while the heart colors His name with all
+that is noblest in human aspiration and achievement.
+
+Nevertheless, be it instantly confessed that from the very beginning
+this divine Teacher exhibited qualities that kindled in men an
+enthusiasm that amounted to transcendent delight.  The time was when
+scholars attempted to explain His influence over the multitude by
+portraying Him with a halo of light about His head.  Fortunately these
+ideas that robbed men of all fellowship with their divine brother have
+perished, and now we know that there was nothing unusual about His
+appearance, nor did any effulgent light blaze forth from His person.
+Whether or not unique beauty of face and form was His we do not know.
+Coins and statues portray for us the Roman emperors and the Greek
+scholars.  Yet art has broken down utterly in the attempt to combine in
+one face Christ's majesty and meekness, strength and gentleness,
+suffering and victory.  All that we can know of His personal appearance
+must be gained through imagination, as it clothed Him with those traits
+that alone cannot account for His influence over the multitudes.  What
+sweet allurement in the face that made children leap into His arms!
+What winsome benignity that made mothers feel that His touch would
+return the babe with double worth into the parent's bosom!
+
+Purity in others has been cold and chaste as ice.  How strange that in
+Him purity had an irresistible fascination, so that the corruptest and
+wickedest felt drawn unto Him, and "depravity itself bowed down and
+wept in the presence of divinity."  What all-forgiving love, what
+all-cleansing love, in one who by a mere look could dissolve in
+repentant tears men long hardened by vice and crime!  What an
+atmosphere of power He must have carried, that by one beam from His eye
+He could smite to the very ground the soldiers who confronted Him!
+
+Did ever man have such a genius for noble friendship?  What bosom words
+He used!  What love pressure in all His speech!  How were His words
+laden with double meanings, so that hearing one thing, men also heard
+another, even as they who hear the sound of the distant sea, knowing
+that the sound they hear is but a breath of the great infinite ocean
+that heaves beyond in the dim, vast dark.  Among all the heroes of time
+He walks solitary by the greatness of His power, His beauty and the
+wonder of love His personality excited.  Standing in the presence of
+some glorious cathedral or gallery, beholding the Parthenon or
+pyramids, the rugged mountain or the beautiful landscape, emotion and
+imagination are sometimes so deeply stirred that men lose command of
+themselves and break into transports of admiration.  But the enthusiasm
+evoked by mountain or statue or canvas is as nothing compared to the
+rapturous devotion felt by the multitude for this One, who united in
+full splendor all those eminent qualities of mind and heart that all
+the ages and generations have in vain sought to emulate.  High over all
+the other worthies He rises like a star riding in untroubled splendor
+above the low-browed hills.
+
+In all ages great men have educated themselves by reading the biography
+of ancient worthies, and emulating the example of the heroes of
+antiquity.  Great has been the influence of these reformers and
+philosophers, statesmen and poets, hanging in the heavens above men and
+raining down inspiration upon the human imagination.  Yet from all the
+worthies of the past, and all modern heroes, man has drawn less of
+inspiration and personal influence than from the single example of this
+ideal Christ.  Passing by His influence upon institutions, education,
+art and literature, we shall do well to consider how His example has
+instructed man in the art of a right carriage of the faculties in the
+home and market-place.  In the last analysis, Jesus Christ is the only
+perfect gentleman our earth has ever known--in comparison with whom all
+the Chesterfields seem boors.  For nothing taxes a man so heavily as
+the task of maintaining smooth, pleasant and charitable relations with
+one's fellows.  And Christ alone was able always to meet storm with
+calm, hate with love, scowls with smiles, plottings with confidence,
+envy and bitterness with unruffled tranquility.
+
+In all His relations with His friends and enemies the quality that
+crowns His method of living and challenges our thought is the
+gentleness of His bearing.  Matchless the mingled strength and beauty
+of His life, yet gentleness was the flower and fruitage of it all.  For
+in Him the lion and the lamb dwelt together.  Oak and rock were there,
+and also vine and flower.  Weakness is always rough.  Only giants can
+be gentle.  Tenderness is an inflection of strength.  No error can be
+greater than to suppose that gentleness is mere absence of vigor.
+Weakness totters and tugs at its burden.  When the dwarf that attended
+Ivanhoe at the tournament lifted the bleeding sufferer he staggered
+under his heavy burden.  Weakness made him stumble and caused the
+wounded knight intense pain.  When the giant of the brawny arm and the
+unconquered heart came, he lifted the unconscious sufferer like a
+feather's weight and without a jar bore him away to a secure
+hiding-place for healing and recovering.  He who studies the great men
+of yesterday will find in the last analysis that gentleness has always
+been the test of gianthood, and fine considerateness the measure of
+manhood and the gauge of personal worth.  No other hero moving through
+the crowds has ever been so courteously gentle, so sweetly considerate
+in his personal bearing as this Christ--who never failed to kindle in
+men transports of delight and enthusiasm.
+
+The crying fault of our generation is its lack of gentleness.  Our age
+is harsh when it judges, brutal when it blames and savage in its
+severity.  Carlyle, emptying vials of scorn upon the people of England,
+numbering his generation by "thirty millions, mostly fools," is typical
+of the publicists, authors and critics who pelt their brother man with
+contemptuous scorn.  The author of "Robert Elsmere" exhibits that
+polished scholar and brilliant student as one who gave up teaching
+because he could find no audience on a level with his ability or worthy
+of his instruction.  Having begun by despising others, he ends by
+despising himself.  Now the popularity of Elsmere's character witnesses
+to the fact that our generation includes a large number of cynics who
+scorn their fellows and in Elsmere see themselves as "in an open
+glass."  To-day this tendency toward harshness of judgment has become
+more pronounced, and there seems to be no leader so noble as to escape
+brutal criticism and no movement whose white flag may not be smirched
+by mud-slingers.  What epithets are hurled at each new idea!  What
+torrents of ridicule are emptied out upon each social movement!
+
+The fact that society has oftentimes destroyed its noblest geniuses
+avails little for the restraint of harshness.  For years England was
+wildly merry at Turner's expense.  The newspapers cartooned his
+paintings.  Reviews spoke of them as "color blotches."  The rich over
+their champagne made merry at the great artist's expense.  After a
+while men found a little respite from the mad chase for wealth and
+pleasure and discovered that Turner's extreme examples represented
+peculiar moods in nature, seen only by those who had traveled as widely
+as had Turner, while his great landscapes were as rich in imaginative
+quality as those of any artist of all ages.  Only when it was too late,
+only when harshness had broken the man's heart, and scorn had fatally
+wounded his genius, did scholars begin to adorn their pages by
+references to Turner's fame, did the rich begin to pay fabulous sums
+for the very pictures they had once despised, the nation set apart the
+best room in its gallery for Turner's works, while the people wove for
+his white tombstone wreaths they had denied his brow and paid his dead
+ashes honors refused his living spirit.
+
+In similar vein we remember the English-speaking world has recently
+been celebrating the anniversary of the birth of Keats, who is the only
+pure Greek in all English literature, for whose imagination "a thing of
+beauty was a joy forever," and whose genius in divining the secrets of
+the beautiful amounted to inspiration.  We know now that no poet in all
+time, who died so young, has left so much that is precious.  Scholars
+are not wanting who believe that had he lived to see his maturity Keats
+would have ranked with the five great poets of the first order of
+genius.  Yet the publication of his volume of verse received from
+"Blackwood" and the "Quarterly" only contempt and bitter scorn.  Waxing
+bold, the penny-a-liners grew savage, until the very skies rained lies
+and bitter slanders upon poor Keats.  Sensitive, soon he was wounded to
+death.  After a week of sleeplessness, he arose one morning to find a
+bright red spot upon his handkerchief.  "That is arterial blood," said
+he; "that drop is my death-warrant; I shall die."  And so, when he was
+one-and-twenty, friends lifted above the boy's dust a marble slab, upon
+which was written: "Here lies one whose name was writ in water."  Now
+his name shines like a star, while low down and bespattered with mud
+are the names of those whose cruel criticisms helped to kill the boy
+and whose only claim to immortality is their brutality.
+
+Witness also the contempt our age once visited upon Browning, whose
+mind is slowly becoming recognized as one of the rich-gold minds of our
+century.  Witness the sport over Ruskin's "Munera Pulveris," and the
+scornful reception given Carlyle's "Sartor Resartus."  Now that a few
+years have passed, those who once reviled are teaching their children
+the pathway to the graves of the great.  The harshness of the world's
+treatment of its greatest teachers makes one of the most pathetic
+chapters in history.  God gives each nation only a few men of supreme
+talent.  Gives it, for greatness is not made; it is found as is the
+gold.  Gold cannot be made out of mud; it is uncovered.  And God gives
+each generation a few men of the first order; and when they have
+created truth and beauty they have the right while they live to
+kindness and sympathy, not harshness and cynicism.  No youth winning
+the first goal of his ambition was ever injured by knowing that his
+father's face did not flush with pride, while his mother's eyes were
+filled with happy tears, in joy of his first victory.  No noble lover
+but girds himself for a second struggle the more resolutely for knowing
+that his noble mistress rejoiced in his first conquest.  Frost itself
+is not more destructive to harvest fields than harshness is to the
+creative faculties.  Strange that Florence gave Dante exile in exchange
+for his immortal poem!  Strange that London gave Milton threats of
+imprisonment for the manuscript of "Paradise Lost!"  Passing strange
+that until his career was nearly run universities visited upon John
+Ruskin only scorn and contumely, that ruined his health and broke his
+heart, withholding the wreath until, as he said pathetically, his only
+"pleasure was in memory, his ambition in heaven," and he knew not what
+to do with his laurel leaves save "lay them wistfully upon his mother's
+grave."  In every age the critics that have refused honor to its
+worthies, living, have heaped gifts high upon the graves of its dead.
+
+That generation and individual must be far from perfect that is
+characterized by the presence of harshness and the absence of
+gentleness.  With a great blare of trumpets our century has been
+praised for its ingenuity, its wealth and comforts, its instruments,
+refinement and culture.  But history tells of no man who has carried
+his genius up to such supreme excellence that society has forgotten his
+vice or forgiven the faults that marred his rare gifts.  What genius
+had De Quincey!  Marvelous the myriad-minded Coleridge!  The
+opium-habit, however, was a vice that eclipsed their fame and robbed
+them of half their rightful influence.  Voltaire's style was so
+faultlessly perfect that if the sentences lying across his page had
+been strings of pearls they could have been no more beautiful.  But
+Voltaire's excesses make a black mark across the white page before each
+reader's mind.  Rousseau's writings are so melodious that, long after
+laying aside the book the ear would be filled with the sound of
+delicious music were it not that the reader seems ever to hear the moan
+of the four children whose unnatural father, without even giving them a
+name, placed them in the foundling-asylum.
+
+Early Carlyle wooed and won one of the most brilliant girls of his day,
+whose signal talent shone in the crowded drawing-rooms of London like a
+sapphire blazing among pebbles.  Yet her husband lacked gentleness.
+Slowly harshness crept into Carlyle's voice.  Soon the wife gave up her
+favorite authors to read the husband's notes; then she gave up all
+reading to relieve him of details; at last her very being was placed on
+the altar of sacrifice--fuel to feed the flame of his fame and genius.
+Long before the end came she was submerged and almost forgotten.  One
+day two distinguished foreign authors called upon Mr. and Mrs. Carlyle.
+For an hour the philosopher poured forth vehement tirade against the
+commercial spirit, while the good wife never once opened her lips.  At
+last the author ceased talking, and there was silence for a time.
+Suddenly Carlyle thundered: "Jane, stop breathing so loud!"  Long years
+before Jane had stopped doing everything else except breathe.  And so,
+obedient to the injunction, a few days afterward she ceased "breathing
+so loud."
+
+When a few weeks had gone by Carlyle discovered, through reading her
+journal, that his wife had for want of affection frozen and starved to
+death within his home like some poor traveler who had fallen in the
+snows beyond the door.  For years, without his realizing it, she had
+kept all the wheels oiled, kept his body in health and his mind in
+happiness.  Only when it was too late did the husband realize that his
+fame was largely his wife's.  Then did the old man begin his pathetic
+pilgrimage to his wife's grave, where Froude often found him murmuring:
+"If I had only known!  If I had only known!"  For all his supreme gifts
+and rare talents were marred by harshness.  Intellectual brilliancy
+weighs light as punk against the gold of gentleness and character.
+Half Carlyle's books, weighted by a gentle, noble spirit, would have
+availed more for social progress than these many volumes with the bad
+taste they leave in the mouth.  The sign of ripeness in an apple, a
+peach, is beauty, and the test of character is gentleness and kindness
+of heart.
+
+One of the crying needs of society is a revival of gentleness and of a
+refined considerateness in judging others.  There is no disposition
+that cuts at the very root of character like harshness, and there is
+nothing that blights happiness and breeds discord like unlovingness and
+severity of judgment.  We hear much of industrial strife, social
+warfare and want of sympathy between the classes.  Be it remembered,
+gentleness alone can be invoked to heal the breach.  There is a legend
+that when Jacob with his family and flocks met Esau with his children
+and herds, the angels of God hovered in the air above the two brothers
+and began to rain gifts down upon their companies.  Strangely enough,
+each forgetting the gifts falling in his own camp, rushed forth to pick
+up the gifts falling in that of his brother.  There was anger stirred.
+Epithets and stones began to fly, until all the air was filled with
+flying weapons.  In such a scrimmage the messengers of peace had no
+place.  Soon the sound of receding wings died out of the air, the gifts
+ceased to fall and all things faded into the light of common day.  This
+legend interprets to us how harshness breeds strife and robs man of his
+gifts from God and his happiness through his brother man.
+
+Several years ago an industrial war was waged in the coal districts of
+England that cost that nation untold treasure.  It is said that the
+strife grew out of harsh words between the leaders of the opposing
+factions.  It seemed that the industrious and worthy poor men
+overlooked the fact that there were industrious and worthy rich men and
+insisted on speaking only of the idle and spendthrift rich.  Then
+followed his opponent who, as an industrious and worthy rich man,
+insisted on ignoring the industrious and worthy poor, but spoke only of
+the idle and thriftless poor, the paupers and parasites.  Soon
+gentleness was forgotten and harshness remembered.  Soon there came the
+trampled cornfields and the bloody streets.
+
+Teachers also need to learn the lesson of Arnold of Rugby.  One day the
+great instructor spake harshly to a dull boy, who an hour afterward
+came to him with tearful eyes, and in a half-sobbing voice exclaimed;
+"But why are you angry, sir?  I am doing my best."  Then Arnold learned
+that a lesson easy for one mind may be a torture for another.  So he
+begged the boy's pardon, and recognized the principle of gentleness
+that afterward made him the greatest instructor of his time.
+
+Not war, not pestilence, not famine itself, produces for each
+generation so much misery and unhappiness as is wrought in the
+aggregate through the accumulated harshness of each generation.
+Blessed are the happiness-makers!  Blessed are they who with humble
+talents make themselves like the mignonette, creators of fragrance and
+peace!  Thrice blessed are they who with lofty talents emulate the
+vines that climbing high never forget to blossom, and the higher they
+climb do ever shed sweet blooms upon those beneath!  No single great
+deed is comparable for a moment to the multitude of little gentlenesses
+performed by those who scatter happiness on every side and strew all
+life with hope and good cheer.
+
+Life holds no motive for stimulating gentleness in man like the thought
+of the gentleness of God.  Unfortunately, it seems difficult for man to
+associate delicacy and gentleness with vastness and strength.  It was
+the misfortune of Greek philosophers and is, indeed, that of nearly all
+the modern theologians, to suppose that a perfect being cannot suffer.
+Both schools of thought conceive of God as sitting upon a marble
+throne, eternally young, eternally beautiful, beholding with quiet
+indifference from afar how man, with infinite blunderings, sufferings
+and tears makes his way forward.  Yet He who holds the sun in the
+hollow of his hand, who takes up the isles as a very little thing, who
+counts the nations but as the dust in the balance, is also the gentle
+One.  Like the wide, deep ocean, that pulsates into every bay and creek
+and blesses the distant isles with its dew and rain, so God's heart
+throbs and pulsates unto the uttermost parts of the universe, having a
+parent's sympathy for His children who suffer.
+
+Indeed, the seer ranges through all nature searching out images for
+interpreting His all-comprehending gentleness.  "Even the bruised reed
+he will not break."  Lifting itself high in the air, a mere lead pencil
+for size, weighted with a heavy top, a very little injury shatters a
+reed.  Some rude beast, in wild pursuit of prey, plunges through the
+swamp, shatters the reed, leaves it lying upon the ground, all bruised
+and bleeding, and ready to die.  Such is God's gentleness that, though
+man make himself as worthless as a bruised reed; though by his
+ignorance, frailty and sin he expel all the manhood from his heart and
+life, and make himself of no more value than one of the myriad reeds in
+the world's swamps, still doth God say: "My gentleness is such that I
+will direct upon this wounded life thoughts that shall recuperate and
+heal, until at last the bruised reed shall rise up in strength, and
+judgment shall issue in victory."
+
+And as God's gentleness would go one step further, there is added the
+tender lesson of the smoking flax.  Our glowing electric bulbs suffer
+no injury from blasts, and our lamps have like strength.  The time was,
+when, wakened by the cry of the little sufferer, the ancient mother
+sprang up to strike the tinder and light the wick in the cup of oil.
+Only with difficulty was the tinder kindled.  Then how precious the
+spark that one breath of air would put out!  With what eagerness did
+the mother guard the smoking flax!  And in setting forth the gentleness
+of God it is declared that, with eyes of love, He searches through each
+heart, and if He find so much as a spark of good in the outcast, the
+publican, the sinner, He will tend that spark and feed it toward the
+love that shall glow and sparkle forever and ever; for evil is to be
+conquered, and God will not so much punish as exterminate sin from His
+universe.  His strength is inflicted toward gentleness, His justice
+tempered with mercy, and all his attributes held in solution of love.
+No longer should medievalism becloud God's gentle face.  Cleanse your
+thoughts, as once the artist in Milan cleansed the grime and soot from
+the wall where Dante's lustrous face was hidden.
+
+With shouts and transports of joy and admiration men welcome the
+patriot or hero who in times of danger held the destiny of the people
+in his hands and never once betrayed it.  And let each intellect soar
+without hindrance, and the heart pour itself out before God in a
+freshet of divine love.  Great is the genius of Plato or Bacon,
+revealing itself in tides of thought, but greater and richer is the
+genius of the heart that is conscious of vast, deep fountains of love,
+that may be poured forth in generous tides before the God whose throne
+is mercy, whose face is light, whose name is love, whose strength is
+gentleness, whose considerateness is our pledge of pardon, peace and
+immortality.
+
+
+
+
+THE THUNDER OF SILENT FIDELITY:
+
+A STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF LITTLE THINGS.
+
+
+
+
+"We treat God with irreverence by banishing Him from our thoughts, not
+by referring to His will on slight occasions.  His is not the finite
+authority or intelligence which cannot be troubled with small things.
+There is nothing so small but that we may honor God by asking His
+guidance of it, or insult Him by taking it into our own hands; and what
+is true of Deity is equally true of His Revelation.  We use it most
+reverently when most habitually; our insolence is in ever acting
+without reference to it, our true honoring of it is in its universal
+application.  I have been blamed for the familiar introduction of its
+sacred words.  I am grieved to have given pain by so doing, but my
+excuse must be my wish that those words were made the ground of every
+argument and the test of every action.  We have them not often enough
+on our lips, nor deeply enough in our memories, nor loyally enough in
+our lives.  The snow, the vapour and the strong wind fulfil His word.
+Are our acts and thoughts lighter and wilder than these, that we should
+forget it?"--_Ruskin_.
+
+
+"I expect to pass through this life but once.  If there is any kindness
+or any good thing I can do to my fellow-beings let me do it now.  I
+shall pass this way but once."---_William Penn_.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+THE THUNDER OF SILENT FIDELITY:
+
+A STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF LITTLE THINGS.
+
+Schliemann, uncovering marbles upon which Phidias and his followers
+carved out immortality for themselves, has not wrought more effectually
+for the increase of knowledge than have those excavators in Egypt who
+have uncovered the Rosetta stone, with other manuscripts of brick and
+marble.  Of all these instructive tablets and tombs, none are more
+interesting than one picturing forth a national festival in the Jewish
+capital.  Upon his canvas of stone the unknown artist portrays for us
+Herod's temple with its outer courts and columns and its massive walls.
+
+We see the public square crowded with merchants and traders, who have
+come in from the great cities of the world to this festival of the
+fathers.  With solemn pageantry, these Jews, who were the bankers and
+merchants of that far-off age, march through the streets toward the
+gate that is called Beautiful.  In the vast parade are men notable by
+their princely wealth in Ephesus and Antioch, in Alexandria and Rome.
+We see one advancing with his retinue of servants, another with the
+train which corresponds to his wealth.  One group the artist exhibits
+as characteristic.  Advancing before their lord and master are four
+servants, who lift up in the presence of admiring spectators a platter
+upon which lies a heap of shining gold.  The murmur of admiration that
+runs through the crowd is sweeter to the old merchant's ear than any
+music of harp or human voice.  Passing by the treasury, what gifts are
+cast upon the resounding table!  How heavy the bars of gold!  What
+silver plate!  What pearls and jewels!  How rich the fabrics and
+hangings for the temple!  As at St. Peter in the sixteenth century, so
+in Christ's day it seemed as if the whole world were being swept for
+treasures for enriching this glorious temple.
+
+But when the lions of the procession had all passed by, there followed
+also the crowd of stragglers.  From this post of observation we are
+told that Christ saw a poor widow advancing.  With falling tears, yet
+with exquisite grace and tenderness, she cast in two mites, or one
+half-penny, then passed on to worship him whom she loved, all
+unconscious of the fact that she had also passed into immortality.  For
+the noise of the gold falling into the resounding chest has long since
+died away.  Jerusalem itself is in ruins.  The old temple with its
+magnificence has gone to decay.  The proud thrones and monarchies have
+all fallen into dust.  But the silent fidelity of this obscure woman is
+a voice that thunders down the long aisles of time.  A thousand times
+hath she encouraged heroism in poet and parent.  Ten thousand times
+hath she been an inspiration to reformers and martyrs!  Love and
+fidelity have embalmed her deed and lent her immortality.  In the very
+center of the world's civilization stands her monument.  For her Arc de
+Triomphe has been built in the human heart.  Her monument does not
+appeal to the eye; it is not carved in stone; yet it is more permanent
+than gold, and her fame outshines all flashing jewels.  While love and
+admiration endure the story of her humble fidelity shall abide
+indestructible!
+
+The great Italian first noted that thrice only did Christ stretch forth
+his hand to build a monument, and each time it was to immortalize a
+deed of humble fidelity.  Once a disciple gave a cup of cold water to
+one of God's little ones, and won thereby imperishable renown.  Once a
+woman broke an alabaster box for her master, and, lo! her deed has been
+like a broken vase, whose perfume has exhaled for two thousand years,
+and shall go on diffusing sweetness to the end of time.  Last of all,
+after the rich men of Alexandria had cast their rattling gold into the
+brazen treasury, a poor widow cast a speck of dust called two mites,
+and, lo! this humble deed gave her enduring recollection.
+
+It seems that immortal renown is achieved not so much by the solitary
+deed of greatness as by humble fidelity to life's details, and that
+modest Christian living that regards small deeds and minor duties.
+Ours is a world in which life's most perfect gifts and sweetest
+blessings are little things.  Take away love, daily work, sweet sleep,
+and palaces become prisons and gold seems contemptible.  The classic
+poet tells of Kind [Transcriber's note: King?] Midas, to whom was
+offered whatsoever he wished, and whose avarice led him to choose the
+golden touch.  But lo! his blessing became a curse.  Rising to dress he
+found himself shivering in a coat with threads of gold.  Going into his
+garden he stooped to breathe the perfume of the roses, and, lo! the
+dewy petals became yellow points that pierced his face.  Breakfasting,
+the bread became metal in his mouth.  Lifting a goblet the water became
+a solid mass.  Swinging his little daughter in his arms one kiss turned
+the sweet child into a cold statue.  A single hour availed to drive
+happiness from Midas' heart.  In an agony of despair he besought the
+gods for simple things.  He asked for one cup of cold water, one
+cluster of fruit and his little daughter's loving heart and hand.
+
+And as with wealth, so wisdom without life's little things is impotent
+for happiness.  Genius hath its charm; nevertheless, the wisest of men
+have also been the saddest of men.  The story of literary greatness is
+a piteous tale.  History tells of many beautiful and gifted girls who
+have married scholars for their genius, fame and position.  When these
+honors were theirs they wakened to discover that all were less than
+nothing, since tenderness refused its mite and sympathy gave cot its
+cup of cold water.  Home and fame became dungeons in which the soul sat
+and famished for love's little courtesies.
+
+For no palace was ever so beautiful, no royal wine quaffed from vessels
+of gold was ever so sweet as to satisfy hearts famishing for one mite
+of that heavenly manna love prepares, or one cup filled with kindness.
+
+Down in a corner of a window of an English palace may be found faint
+lines scratched with a woman's diamond.  What a tragedy in those words,
+"My prison!"  It seems the sweet girl, Jane Grey, entered her palace
+with a leaping heart, but her lord had no time to break upon her white
+forehead the tiny box of life's ointment.  Hers was the palace; hers
+also a thousand rich gifts called titles, lands, castles, maids of
+honor, dresses, jewels.  Yet because the castles held no sweet
+courtesies the journal of that beautiful girl reminds us of some young
+bird that beats with bloody wings against the bars of an iron cage.
+For life is made up not of joys few and intense, but of joys many and
+gentle.  Great happiness is the sum of many small drops.  God makes the
+days that are channels of mighty and tumultuous joys to be few and far
+between.  For highly spiced joys exhaust.  All who seek intense
+pleasure will find not enjoyment but yearnings for enjoyment.
+Happiness is in simple things; a cup of cold water, health and a
+perfect day; dreamless sleep, honest toil, the esteem of the worthy,
+the caresses of little children, a love that waxes with the increasing
+years.
+
+Our appreciation of the principle that greatness of any form is an
+accumulation of little deeds will be freshened by an outlook upon
+nature's method.  The old science unveiled the universe as a divine
+thought rushing into instant form, stars and suns being sparks struck
+out on the anvil of omnipotence.  The new science has found that
+earth's every atom has been slowly polished by an infinite artisan and
+architect.  If we descend into the sea we shall find that the reefs and
+islands against which the tides of the Pacific dash in vain are built
+of coral insects, whose every organ exhibits the delicate skill of a
+diamond or snowflake.  If we stand upon the fruitful plain where men
+build cities we shall discern that each flake of the rich soil
+represents the perfect crystallization of drops of melted granite.  If
+we take the wings of the morning and dwell upon the summit of the
+Matterhorn there also we find that the mountain hath its height and
+majesty through particles themselves weak and little.  For the
+geologist who analyzes the topmost peak of the Alpine ridge must go
+back to a little flake of mica, that ages and ages ago floated along
+some one of earth's rivers, too light to sink, too feeble to find the
+fiber of a lichen, therefore dropped into the ooze of mire and decay.
+Yet hardened by earth's processes, the day came when that flake of mica
+was lifted up upon the mountain's peak, wrought into the strength of
+imperishable iron, "rustless by the air, infusible by the flame,
+capping the very summit of the Alpine tower.  Above it--that little
+obscure mica flake--the north winds rage, yet all in vain, below
+it--the feeble mica flake--the snowy hills lie bowing themselves like
+flocks of sheep, and the distant kingdoms fade away in unregarded
+blue." [1]  Around it--the weak, wave-drifted mica flake--booms all the
+artillery of storms, when electric arrows with blunted points fall back
+from its front, as it lifts its might and majesty toward the enduring
+stars.
+
+If ages ago the sages said, God is not in the earthquake, nor in the
+storm, but in the still small voice, now science reaffirms the
+declaration that omnipotence is revealed not so much through awful
+cataclysms and earthquake forces as through the silent agents and
+hidden processes that make the plains to be fruitful and hillsides to
+be rich in corn.  In the past astronomy has been the favorite science,
+emphasizing the distant stars and suns.  The science of the future is
+to be chemistry, emphasizing atoms and elements.  Journeying outward in
+pursuit of the footsteps of God, advancing upon his distant and dizzy
+march, man's vision faints and falls upon the horizon beyond which are
+indiscernible splendors.  Journeying inward upon the wings of the
+microscope, we shall find that there is another realm of beauty beyond
+which the utmost vision of man cannot pierce.  For before the
+microscope "the last discernible particle dies out of sight with the
+same perfect glory on it as on the last orb that glimmers in the skirts
+of the universe."  If God is throned in the clouds He is also
+tabernacled in the dewdrop and palaced in the bud and blossom.
+
+The history of nations and individuals teaches us that the greatest
+gifts are poor and empty and the most signal talents worthless if the
+small things be not done, the two mites be not given.  For life is
+marred by little infelicities and ruined by little errors.  The broken
+columns and marble heaps in lands where once were cities represent
+destructions not so much through tornadoes and earthquakes as through
+small vices and unnoticed sins.  In modern life also, journeying
+through city and forest and field, the economist returns to tell us
+that life's chief wastes are through little enemies and foes.  It is a
+minute bug that steals the golden berry from the wheat; it is a tiny
+germ upon the leaf that blights the budding peach and pear, it is a
+rough spot upon the potato that fills all Ireland with fear of famine;
+it is a worm that bores through the planks of the ship's hull and
+alarms old seacaptains as approaching battleships could not.
+
+The enemies of human life are not enemies that fill man's streets with
+banners and charging cannon.  We wage war against the dust mote
+ambushed in the sunbeam; we fight against weapons hurled from those
+battleships called drops of impure water; we wrestle with those hosts
+whose broadsides invisible rise from streets foul, or fall from
+poisoned clouds.  Such enemies that lurk in dampness and darkness, a
+thousand fall at thy side and ten thousand at thy right hand.  That
+great catastrophe that overtook Holland a century ago is not explained
+by a tidal wave that pierced through the dikes; the disaster was
+through the crawfishes that opened tiny holes and, weakening the
+bulwarks, let in the onrushing sea.
+
+It was but a trifling error also that robbed the generations of one of
+man's divinest pictures.  Three hundred years ago the monks made tight
+and strong the roof above the room where was Da Vinci's "Last Supper."
+A thousand tiles were fastened down and all save one were perfect.  The
+one hid a secret hole.  When months had passed and the driving storm
+came from the right direction the rain found out that hidden fault and,
+rushing in, a flood of drops streamed down o'er the wall and made a
+great black mark across the noble painting, and ruined the central face
+forever.
+
+Human life is ruined through the absence of humble virtues and the
+presence of little faults.  There is no man so great, no gift so
+brilliant, but let it be whispered that there is falseness in the life
+of the hero, and immediately his greatness is dwarfed, his eloquence
+becomes a trick, his authority is impaired.  Reading Robert Burns'
+poems, he seems wiser than all the scholars, wittier than all the
+humorists, more courtly than princes.  His genius blazes like a torch
+among the tapers.  But watching this son of genius and of liberty weave
+a net for his own feet, and fashion a snare for his own faculties, with
+wistful hearts we long, as one has said, "to hear the exulting and
+triumphant cry of the strong man coming to himself, I will arise."  But
+he loved the barroom more than the library, and so fell on death at
+seven and thirty, and lost his right to rule as a king o'er men's
+hearts and lives.  Byron, too, and Goethe had gifts so resplendent that
+in kings' palaces they shine like diamonds amid the pebbles.  What a
+constellation of gifts was theirs!  Culture, sanity, imagination, wit,
+courage, vigor--all these stars were grouped in their mental
+constellations!  Yet little vices dethroned these kings and made them
+plebeian.  It is the absence of little virtues and sweet domestic
+graces that seem trifling as the two mites that robs the Roman poets
+and orators of their power over us.  They had urbanites indeed,
+flowers, music, art, oratory, letters, song.  The events of each day
+were executed like a piece of music, and even their sarcophagi were
+covered with scenes of feasting and revelry.  But they were not true;
+and that false note jars through all their pages.  Harshness in the
+poet and pride in the orator make their refinement and culture seem but
+skin deep.
+
+We note that Pompeii was a paradise built beside a crater.  The
+traveler tells us if we strike the rocky earth it rings hollow.  Close
+by the calm lake is a boiling spring.  In the very heart of the orange
+groves rises a column of smoke and steam.  "The mist of lava jars on
+the music of summer, the scent of sulphur mingles with the scent of
+roses."  Not for a moment can the traveler forget that beneath all this
+opulence of color and fragrance rages a colossal furnace.  Thus the
+harshness and selfishness found in the eloquence and poetry of the
+ancient writers rob us of all joy in their splendid gifts.  We yield
+homage only to the greatness that is also goodness.  To ten-talent
+power the hero must also add tenderness to his own, kindness to the
+weak, unfailing sympathy to all.  No giant is a full giant until he is
+also gentle, stooping to give his two mites to the weak, bearing to the
+weary his cup of cold water, ever emulating that hero, Sir Philip
+Sydney, wounded sorely indeed, but pushing away the canteen because the
+soldier, suffering great pain, had greater need.
+
+In one of his essays Lowell notes that the great reform monuments are
+the humble deeds of humble persons, taken up and repeated by an entire
+people.  The final victories for liberty and religion are emblazoned
+upon monuments and celebrated in song and story, but the beginnings of
+these achievements for mankind are often given over to obscurity and
+forgetfulness.  Our age makes much of the "Red Cross" movement.  Hardly
+fifty years have passed since two English girls boarded the steamer
+that was to carry them to the Crimea.  Upon the distant battlefields,
+with their deserted cannon, wounded horses and dying men, at first
+these gentle girls seemed strangely out of place.  The hospitals were
+full; neglected soldiers were lying in the thickets, whither they had
+crawled to die.  Counseling with none, these brave girls moved across
+the battlefields like angels of mercy.  Many years have passed.  Now
+these nurses bring hope to every battlefield, and minister to every
+stricken Armenia, for the story of that sweet girl has filled the earth
+with "King's Daughters."  One hundred years ago also England left her
+orphan babes to grow up in the country poorhouse, midst surroundings
+often vulgar, profane and brutal.  One day two sweet babes, unnamed and
+unwelcomed, lay in the garret of a county-house in the outskirts of
+London.  Then a poor, half-witted spinster, hearing of the young
+mother's death, found her way to the garret, brooded o'er the babes
+with all the dignity of our Mother of Sorrows, took the babes to her
+heart and planned how, with six shillings a week, she might keep bread
+in three hungry mouths.  Four years passed by, and one day the lord of
+the manor stayed a moment before this woman's hovel and heard her
+prayer for the two boys clinging to her skirts.  Soon the story of the
+woman's mercy was heard in every English pulpit, and in every town men
+and women made their way to the county-houses to take away the orphan
+babes and found instead some asylum for God's little ones.  Now noble
+men in distant lands plan homes and shelter for little children, and
+the work of the obscure woman is a part of the history of reform.
+
+Humble also is the origin of the anti-slavery movement that won its
+final victory at Appomattox.  A century and more ago a young Moravian
+made his way to Jamaica as a Herald of Christ and his message of
+good-will.  The horrors of slavery in that far-off time cannot be
+understood by our age.  Then each week some African slaver landed with
+its cargo of naked creatures.  Slaves were so cheap that it was simpler
+to kill them with rapid work and purchase new ones than to care for the
+wants of captives weakened by several summers.  What horrors under
+overseers in the field!  What outrages in slave-market and pen!  So
+grievous were the wrongs negroes suffered at white men's hands that
+they would not listen to this young teacher.  At last, despairing of
+their confidence, the brave youth had himself sold as a slave and
+wrought in the fields under the overseer's lash.  Fellowship with their
+sufferings won their confidence and love.  When the day's task was done
+the poor creatures crowded about him to receive Christ's cup of cold
+water.  Long years after the young hero had fallen upon the sugar
+plantation his story came to the ears of young Wilberforce and armed
+him with courage invincible against England's traffic in flesh and
+blood.  Soon Parliament freed the West India slaves and Lincoln
+emancipated our freedmen.  But side by side with the heroes of liberty
+famed through monument and solemn oration, let us mention the young
+Moravian hero who loved Christ's little ones, and in giving "two mites
+and a cup of cold water," lost his life, indeed, but found immortal
+fame.
+
+This modest deed that bought renown also tells us that enduring
+remembrance is possible for all.  Great deeds the majority cannot do.
+Two-talent men march in millions, but the ten-talent men are few and
+far between.  Many scientists--one Newton.  Thousands of poets--but the
+Elizabethan eras are separated by centuries.  Great is the company of
+the orators--but to each generation only one Webster and one Clay.  As
+each continent hath but one mountain range, so the elect minds stand
+isolated in the ages.  All greatness is mysterious, and like God's
+throne, genius is girt about with clouds and darkness.  If great men
+are infrequent, the world's need of great men is as occasional.
+Society advances in happiness and culture, not through striking,
+dramatic acts, but through myriads of unnumbered and unnoticed deeds.
+
+Even the heroes dying upon the battlefield ask not for Plato nor Bacon,
+but for a cup of cold water.  To Benedict Arnold, dying in his garret,
+came a physician, who said, "Is there anything you wish?" and heard
+this answer; "Only a friend."  Traitors sometimes each of us also.
+Traitors to our deepest convictions and our highest ideals, and in the
+hours when the fever of discontent burns fiercely within us, and the
+mind seems half-delirious in its trouble, we also ask for a friend
+bringing a mite of sympathy and a cup of cold water.  Let us confess
+it--we are all famishing for love and the kind word that says:  "In
+your Gethsemane you are not alone."
+
+God secures for us our happiness, not through speech about the heavens
+and firmament, but through the comfort that comes through speech over
+little things.  He feeds the birds, adorns the lily, clothes the grass,
+numbers man's troubles.  He is the Shepherd seeking the one sheep, the
+father waiting for the lost son.  His kingdom is a little leaven
+working in the world's meal, His truth being no larger than a grain of
+mustard-seed.  Above each little one bows some guardian angel beholding
+the face of its heavenly Father.  And He who unites grains of sand for
+making planets and rays of light for glorious suns, and blades of grass
+for the solid splendor of field and pasture and drops of water for the
+ocean that blesses every continent with its dew and rain, teaches us
+also that great principles will organize the little words, little
+prayers, little aspirations and little services into the full-orbed
+splendor of an enduring character and an immortal fame.
+
+Happily none need journey far nor search long for opportunities of
+humble fidelity.  Into our midst come each year thousands of boys who
+are strangers in the great city.  Passing along the streets these
+lonely lads behold each horse having some friendly hand to care for it.
+Yea! each sleek dog hath some owner's name engraven on the collar for
+the neck.  But for the youth, weeks pass by, and no face lifts a
+friendly smile, no hand is outstretched in gentle kindness, and oft the
+thought is bitter: "No man careth for my soul."  The youth who sits in
+the seat beside you asks only that the leaflet be shared in
+brotherliness, and you may lift upon the discouraged one a smile that
+saith; "Once the battle went sore with me, also, but be of good cheer,
+you shall overcome."  Such friendliness is the two mites that buy
+enduring rembrance.  For if each must fight his own battles, face for
+himself the spectres of doubt, and slay them; if each must be his own
+surgeon and draw the iron from the soul, still sympathy is a precious
+boon, and it is given to man to give the cup of tenderness to the
+warrior sorely wounded in life's battle.  In ancient times when men's
+cabins were built on the edge of the wilderness, not yet cleared of
+wild beasts, sometimes the little ones wandered from the path and were
+lost in the forest, until the cry of terror revealed the awful danger
+that threatened and caused the mother to speed forth with winged feet
+and lift her body as a shield against the enemy.  Daily these scenes
+are re-enacted, not in songs and dramas, but through the work of those
+who rescue the city's children from squalor, filth and sin.  What
+redemptions' man's little deeds do bring!
+
+For $30,000 Peter Faneuil bought immortality and forever associated his
+name with liberty.  To-day that amount will erect the social settlement
+in the needy quarter of some city and give hundreds of young people
+opportunity and field for Bible-schools, kindergartens, nursery,
+gymnasium, mothers' classes, men's clubs, singing-schools and also
+associate man's name with the happiness and civilization of an entire
+community.  Mammon will care for the children of strength and good
+fortune, and fame will guard the sons of success; let us guard the weak
+and lowly.  In the Roman triumph, when a general came home with his
+spoils, many captives went with his chariot up to the capital.  And
+happy 'twill be for us if in the hour when the sunset gun shall sound
+and we pass beyond the flood God's little ones mourn us with tears of
+gratitude while all the trumpets sound for us on the other side.
+
+
+[1] Ruskin's Modern Painters, Vol. iv., page 284.  [Transcriber's note:
+In the original book, there was no footnote symbol in the page where
+this footnote appeared.  I've made a best guess of its intended
+location.]
+
+
+
+
+INFLUENCE, AND THE STRATEGIC ELEMENT IN OPPORTUNITY.
+
+
+
+
+"And now, gentlemen, was this vast campaign fought without a general?
+If Trafalgar could not be won without the mind of a Nelson, or Waterloo
+without the mind of a Wellington, was there no one mind to lead these
+innumerable armies, on whose success depended the future of the whole
+human race?  Did no one marshal them in that impregnable convex front,
+from the Euxine to the North Sea?  No one guide them to the two great
+strategic centres of the Black Forest and Trieste?  No one cause them,
+blind barbarians without maps or science, to follow those rules of war
+without which victory in a protracted struggle is impossible: and by
+the pressure of the Huns behind, force on their flagging myriads to an
+enterprise which their simplicity fancied at first beyond the powers of
+mortal men?  Believe it who will; I cannot.
+
+"But while I believe that not a stone or a handful of mud gravitates
+into its place without the will of God; that it was ordained, ages
+since, into what particular spot each grain of gold should be washed
+down from an Australian quartz reef, that a certain man might find it
+at a certain moment and crisis of his life--if I be superstitious
+enough (as thank God I am) to hold that Creed, shall I not believe that
+though this great war had no general upon earth, it may have had a
+general in Heaven; and that in spite of all their sins the hosts of our
+forefathers were the hosts of God?"--_Charles Kingsley_.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+INFLUENCE, AND THE STRATEGIC ELEMENT IN OPPORTUNITY.
+
+The history of a Jewish battle includes a dramatic incident.  In the
+thick of the fight an officer brought to one of his soldiers an
+important prisoner.  "Keep thou this man," said he, "with the utmost
+vigilance.  Upon his person hang the issues of this campaign.  His
+skill in leading the enemy, his courage and treachery have cost our
+side many lives.  If by any means thou shalt suffer him to escape thy
+life shall be for his life."
+
+Then, straining more tightly the cords knotted around the prisoner's
+hands and feet, the officer turned and plunged again into the thick of
+the fight.  From that moment the soldier's one duty was to guard the
+prisoner whose escape would work such havoc.
+
+Strangely enough, he became negligent.  Careless, he leaned his bow and
+spear against the tent.  Hungry, he busied himself with baking a few
+small cakes.  Weary, he cast himself upon the ground, dozing upon his
+elbow.  Suddenly a noise startled his nap.  He sprang up just in time
+to see his prisoner make one leap, then disappear into the thicket.
+
+A concealed knife had cut the thongs.  Negligence had let "slip the
+dogs of war."  That night when the general returned to his tent he
+found the prisoner had escaped.
+
+Fronting his master the terror-stricken soldier had no excuse to offer
+save this; "While thy servant was busy here and there the man was
+gone."  Gone opportunity!--and lightning could not equal its swift
+flight.  Gone forever opportunity!--and the wings of seraphim could not
+overtake and bring it back.  Gone honor, gone fidelity, gone good
+name!--all lost irretrievably.  For though dying be long delayed,
+coming at last death would find the soldier's task unfulfilled.  From
+"It might have been," and "It is too late," God save us all!  For not
+Infinity himself can reverse the wheel of events and bring back lost
+opportunities.
+
+The genius of opportunity lies in its strategic element.  In every
+opportunity two or more forces meet in such a way that the one force so
+lends itself to the other as momentarily to yield plasticity.  Nature
+is full of these strategic times.  Iron passes into the furnace cold
+and unyielding; coming out it quickly cools and refuses the mold; but
+midway is a moment when fire so lends itself to iron, and iron so
+yields its force to flame as that the metal flows like water.
+
+This brief plastic moment is the inventor's opportunity, when the metal
+will take on any shape for use or beauty.  Similarly the fields offer a
+strategic time to the husbandman.  In February the soil refuses the
+plow, the sun refuses heat, the sky refuses rain, the seed refuses
+growth.  In May comes an opportune time when all forces conspire toward
+harvests; then the sun lends warmth, the clouds lend rain, the air
+lends ardor, the soil lends juices.  Then must the sower go forth and
+sow, for nature whispers that if he neglects June he will starve in
+January.
+
+The planets also lend interpretation to this principle.  Years ago our
+nation sent astronomers to Africa to witness the transit of Venus.
+Preparations began months beforehand.  A ship was fitted up,
+instruments packed, the ocean crossed, a site selected and the
+telescopes mounted.  Scientists made all things ready for that
+opportune time when the sun and Venus and earth should all be in line.
+That critical moment was very brief.  Instinctively each astronomer
+knew that his eye must be at the small end of the glass when the planet
+went scudding by the large end.  Once the period of conjunction had
+passed no machinery would offer itself for turning the planet back upon
+her axis.  Not for astronomers only are the opportune times brief.  For
+all men alike, failure is blindness to the strategic element in events;
+success is readiness for instant action when the opportune moment
+arrives.  When nature has fully ripened an opportunity man must stretch
+out his hand and pluck it.  Inventions may be defined as great minds
+detecting the strategic moment in nature; Galileo finding a lens in the
+ox's eye; Watt witnessing steam lift an iron lid; Columbus observing an
+unknown wood drifting upon the shore.  To untold multitudes nature
+offered these opportune moments for discovery, but only Galileo, Watt
+and Columbus were ready to seize them.  As for the rest, this is our
+only answer to nature: "While thy servant was busy here and there, the
+strategic moment was gone."
+
+This majestic principle often appears in history.  There is a strategy
+in Providence.  Nations, like individuals, have their crisis hours.
+Through events God makes all society plastic, and then raises up some
+great man to stamp his image and superscription upon the nation's hot
+and glowing heart.  As scholars move back along the pathway of history,
+they discern in each great epoch these strategic conditions.  How
+opportune the moment when Jesus Christ appeared!
+
+Alexander's march had scattered every whither the seeds of learning;
+the Greek language had turned the whole world into one great whispering
+gallery, in which the nations were assembled; all the provinces around
+the Mediterranean were linked together by the newly completed system of
+roads; the Roman judge was in every town to set forth the rights of
+citizens of the empire; the Roman soldier was there to protect all who
+brought messages of peace; the long-expected hour had struck.  Then
+Christianity set forth from Bethlehem upon its errand of love.  Along
+every highway ran the eager feet of the messengers of peace and
+good-will.  Events were fully ripe, and soon Christianity was upon the
+throne of the Caesars.
+
+How strategic that epoch called the fourth century!  He who sat in
+Caesar's palace looked out upon a dying empire.  The old race was worn
+out with war and wine and wealth and luxury.  Civilization seemed about
+to perish, and society was fast sinking back into barbarism.  To the
+north of the Alps were the forest children, ruddy and robust, with
+their glorious youth full upon them.  These young giants needed the
+dying language and literature and religion, and these great
+institutions needed their young, fresh blood.  But between lay the
+granite walls builded from sea to sea.  Now mark what Charles Kingsley
+called "the strategy of Providence."  Suddenly a blind impulse fell
+upon the forest children.  Two columns started southward.  The one
+rested upon the North Sea and marched southeast; the other rested upon
+the Ural Mountains and marched southwest; the two met and converged
+upon Trieste.  Without maps or military tactics or plans, wholly
+ignorant that Napoleon's favorite method of attack was being carried
+out by them, these two columns converged toward the Alpine pass, and
+for ten years pounded and pounded against the Roman walls until these
+yielded and fell.  Then the forest children poured down into the
+vineyards and villages and cities of the dying empire.  Multitudes
+remained to intermarry and preserve the dying race.  Other multitudes
+returned to their old home to sow the northern forests with those great
+ideas that were to carry civilization through the long night of the
+dark ages.
+
+Another strategic hour came in the thirteenth century.  Then all Europe
+was stirred with new and awakening life.  It was dawn after darkness.
+Constantinople had fallen and scholars laden with manuscripts went
+forth to sow Europe with the new learning.  The times were fully ripe
+for another great forward movement for society.  Only one thing was
+lacking--great men for leaders.  In that strategic crisis six leaders
+appeared.  God gave each wing of the army of civilization a genius for
+its general.  Copernicus overthrew superstition and brought in science;
+Luther gave religion, Gutenberg the printing-press, Calvin
+individualism, Michael Angelo art and the beautiful, Erasmus critical
+scholarship; and because the old world was filled with debris, and the
+new ideas needed room, Columbus gave the new world, offering what
+Emerson calls "the last opportunity of Providence for the human race."
+Surely this was a strategic moment in history, giving each citizen
+unique opportunity.
+
+The strategic element enters into the individual career.  Destiny is
+determined by our use of our critical hours.  It is as if life's great
+issues were staked upon a single throw.  Not but that the forces we
+neglect are permanent.  It is that the strategic condition has passed
+out of them.  The sluggard driving his plow into the field in July has
+sun, soil and seed, but the torrid summer refuses to perform the gentle
+processes of April.  The man who in youth's strategic days denied to
+memory the great facts of nature and history, in maturer years still
+has his memory, but the plasticity has gone.  It now refuses to hold
+the facts he gives it.  The Latin poet interprets our principle by the
+story of the maiden in the boat, holding her hand in the water while
+she toyed with a string of pearls until the string snapped and the
+treasure sank into the abyss.  The miner interprets opportunity lost
+through him who, for a rifle and a blanket, traded a rich copper mine
+that has since paid its owner millions.  The historian interprets it by
+Napoleon's bitter signal to his General, tardy at Waterloo, "Too late!
+the critical hour has passed."  Froude interprets it through the old
+hero bitterly condemning himself over his wife's grave, knowing that
+his wild love and fierce outburst of affection were impotent now to
+warm the heart that froze to death in a home.
+
+Ruskin interprets it through a nation that allowed her noblest to
+descend into the grave, garlanding the tombstone when they refused to
+crown the brow; paying honors to ashes that were denied to spirit;
+wreathing immortelles only when they had no use save for laying on a
+grave where was one dead of a broken heart through a nation's
+ingratitude.  Above all, Jesus Christ interprets it at midnight in
+Gethsemane, when he saw the torches fluttering in the darkness, heard
+the clanking of sabers and soldiers' armor, and in sad, reproachful
+irony wakened his disciples with these words: "Sleep on, now; sleep
+forever if you will!  Henceforth no stress of your vigilance can help
+me; no negligence of your duty can harm me beyond the harm you have
+already wrought.  Take your ease now.  Sleep; the opportunity has
+gone."  Then was the disciples' joy turned into mourning, and for
+garments of praise did they put on ashes and sackcloth.  An irreparable
+loss was theirs.  Yet for all of us each neglected duty means a
+tragedy.  It is always now or never.  The treasure wrapped up in each
+strategic opportunity is of infinite value.  To-morrow can hold no joy
+when yesterday holds this memory: "While I was busy here and there my
+opportunity was gone."
+
+How strategic the period of youth!  Then the chiefest forces of life
+flow together in sensitive conjunction.  Then four great gifts like
+four great rivers unite in one majestic current to bear up the young
+man's enterprises, and sweep him on to fame and fortune.  Opportune are
+all the days when health spills over at the eye and ear and laughs
+through the lips.  Men worn out are like overshot wheels--the life
+trickles and the buckets are filled slowly by long rests and frequent
+vacations.  Young men are like undershot wheels--always, by day and
+night, the water overflows the banks.
+
+Each morning the young soul wakens to the supreme luxury of living.
+The world is a great beaker brimmed with wine of the gods.  The truth
+and beauty of field and forest and river give a pleasure that is
+exquisite to a keenly sensitive and perfectly healthy youth.  Like an
+Aeolian harp, the slightest breath avails for wakening melody midst its
+strings.  But years multiply cares.  Age increases heaviness.  Time
+destroys its own children.  The poet says: "In youth we carry the world
+like Atlas; in maturity we stoop and bend beneath it; in age it crushes
+us to the ground."  For the overtaxed and invalided, the dew-drops do
+not sparkle as diamonds; the wet grass suggests red flannels and cough
+sirups.  For the nervous the bird's song is a meaningless chatter.  For
+the sickly the clouds are big black water-bottles, though time was when
+they were chariots for God's angels, curtains for hiding ministering
+spirits trooping homeward at night, leaving all the air sweetly
+perfumed.  It is the body that grants the soul permission to be happy.
+
+To the opportunity offered by health may be added the years lying in
+front of the young heart like a great estate, as yet unincumbered.
+Powerful enthusiasms, too, are the inheritance of youth.  Noble
+feelings, fine aspirations then pass through the mind, as in May the
+perfumed winds from the South pass over the fields.  These motives beat
+upon the mind as steam upon the iron piston.  Workmen excavating at
+Pompeii threw up soil that had been covered for 1,800 years.  Exposed
+to the sun, young trees sprang up.  Without the force of light and heat
+and dew and rain these seeds were dormant or dead.  Thus each mind is a
+dead mind until the full warmth of great impulses quickens the dormant
+energies.  The hopes, the ambitions, the aspirations of youth all
+conspire to make this a most strategic period.  Then all the forces of
+life unite in a great gulf stream for bearing the soul up and sweeping
+it forward to new climes and richer shores.
+
+Strategic the hour of prosperity.  Men discount the speech of poverty,
+but the rich man's words weigh a ton each.  It has been said that the
+poor man's dollar is just as good as the rich man's only when both are
+anonymous, for the dollar with a million behind it will go further than
+the dollar with a thousand behind it.  This is a proverb: "A bid from
+Rothschild electrifies the market."  Each new achievement and success
+builds higher the tower of observation that lifts the great man into
+the presence of the nation.  All eyes are upon the prospered
+individual, all ears are alert to his whisper.  Prosperity's voice is
+the voice of an oracle, all her words are winged.  Every successful
+venture in the world of commerce or statecraft quadruples influence
+over the nation's youth.  This principle interprets the curiosity of
+the boy in store or bank, asking a thousand questions about his
+successful employer.  It explains why the eager aspirant for political
+influence searches all the journals for some word from Gladstone or
+Castelar or Bismarck.  A sentence from these great champions hath
+sufficed for reversing the policy of a government.  The memory of many
+triumphs lies back of the great leader's words and lends them weight.
+
+Success is an orator; it charms multitudes.  Full oft one who is a
+veritable genius for making homely truths beautiful has accomplished
+less for his age than some prosperous man whose few stumbling words
+have sufficed for shaping national policies and guiding his generation.
+All the young are drawn into the wake of the successful.  Wealth
+fulfills the story of Orpheus, whose sweet voice made the very stones
+and trees follow after him.  Truly wealth is an evangelist, the almoner
+of bounty toward college and library and art gallery and liberty and
+religion.  But its chief use is in this: It enables its possessor to
+repeat his industry, integrity and thrift in the children of a nation.
+All youthful hearts do well to covet wealth, wisdom and leverage power!
+But man should remember that the chief value of prosperity is in its
+capitalization of personality, and the rendering of others sensitive to
+example and precept.  Should man forget this, earth will hear no sadder
+cry than his when, closing the life career, he exclaims: "While thy
+servant was busy here and there the opportune moment was gone."
+
+Friendship yields these plastic moments and unique opportunities.  For
+the most part the soul dwells in a castle locked and barred against
+outsiders.  No man can keep open-house for every passer-by.  But
+friendship is an open sesame, drawing every bar and bolt.  How the
+heart leaps when the friend crosses the threshold!  His shadow always
+falls behind him.  His coming is summer in the soul; his presence is
+peace.  Friendship glorifies everything it touches.  When on a stormy
+night our friend comes in he seems to warm the very fire upon the
+hearth; he sweetens the sweet singer's voice; lends new meaning to the
+wise man's words; gives reminiscence an added charm; makes old stories
+new; makes the laughter and smiles come twice as often and stay twice
+as long.  Friendship lies upon the heart like a warm fire upon the
+hearth.  By reason of friendship history exhibits every great man as
+leaving his school of thought and a group of disciples behind him.  His
+spirit lingers with men long after his form has disappeared from the
+streets, as the sun lingers in the clouds after the day is done, as the
+melody lingers in the ear long after the song is sung.  Longfellow,
+after a day and a night with Emerson, literally emitted poems and
+plays.  He was stimulated by friendship as bees by rose liquor and the
+sweet pea wine.  Friendship always makes the heart plastic.  Then the
+mental furrows are all open and mellow; sympathy falls like dew and
+rain; then the heart saith to its friend: "Here am I, all plastic to
+your touch; work upon me your will; for good or ill--I am thine."
+Therefore, friendship imposes frightful responsibilities; in asking and
+receiving it we assume charge of another's destiny.  This is the very
+genius of the teacher's influence over his pupil, the parent's over his
+child, the general's over his soldier, the patriot's over his people.
+Better a thousand times never open the furrow than to leave it
+unfertilized.
+
+How strategic life's better hours!  One of God's precious gifts is the
+luminous hour that denies the lower animal mood.  Mind is not always at
+its best.  Full oft our thought is sodden and dull.  Then duty seems a
+maze without a clew and life's skeins all a tangle.  The mind is
+uneasy, confused and troubled.  Then men live to the eye and the ear
+and physical comforts; they live for houses and beautiful things in
+them; for shelves and rich goods upon them; for factories and large
+profits by them.  Responsibility to God seems like the faint shadow of
+a vaguely remembered dream.  The voice of conscience is in the ear like
+the far-off murmuring of the sea.  The soul is sordid and the finer
+senses indurated.  The angel of the better nature is bondslave to the
+worst.  Then enters some element that nurtures the nobler impulse.
+Some misfortune, earthquake-like, cleaves through the hard crust.  Or
+some gentle event, like the coming of an old friend or the returning to
+the old homestead, stirs old memories and kindles new thoughts.
+
+Slowly the heart passes out of the penumbra.  The mind, too long
+obscured like a sun eclipsed by clouds, searches out some rift.
+Suddenly reason comes into the clear.  God rises like an untroubled sun
+upon the soul's horizon.  How crystalline life looks!  The mind
+literally exhales fancies and pictures, and each stick and stone is as
+full of suggestions and ideas as the forest is full of birds.  Old
+problems become clear as noonday.  Difficult questions lie clearly
+revealed before the mind like landscapes from which the fogs are
+lifted.  Once the mind crawled tortoise-like through its work.  Now it
+soars like an eagle.  The soul seems a sweet-spiced shrub, and every
+leaf is perfumed.  If in dull, obscure hours the soul was like a wooden
+beehive drifted o'er with snow, in its vision-hours the soul is like a
+glass hive out of which the bees go singing into sweet clover-fields.
+In these hours how unworthy the material life!  How insubstantial the
+things of iron, wood and stone!  Bodily things seem evanescent, as
+frost pictures on the window on a winter's morn.  Then honor,
+integrity, kindness, generosity alone seem permanent and worth one's
+while.  How easy then to do right.  All habits that fettered the
+faculties like iron cuffs are now felt to be but ice fetters, quickly
+melting.  Then the nobler self, using no whip of cords, looks upon
+meanness and selfishness, and by a look drives them from the heart and
+life.
+
+Then years are fulfilled in a single hour.  Then from its judgment-seat
+the soul reviews its past career, searches out secret sins and scorns
+them.  How unworthy are vanity and pride and selfishness.  In what
+garments of beauty and attraction are truth and purity clothed.  The
+soul looks longingly unto the heavenly heights, as desert pilgrims long
+for oases and springs of water.  Unspeakably precious are these
+strategic hours of opportunity.  God sends them; divineness is in them;
+they cleanse and fertilize the soul; they are like the overflowing
+Nile.  Men should watch for them and lay out the life-course by them,
+as captains ignore the clouds and headlands and steer by the stars for
+a long voyage and a distant harbor.
+
+
+
+
+INFLUENCE, AND THE PRINCIPLE OF REACTION IN LIFE AND CHARACTER.
+
+
+
+
+"So each man gets out of the world of men the rebound, the increase and
+development of what he brings there.  Three men stand in the same field
+and look around them, and then they all cry out together.  One of them
+exclaims, 'How rich!' another cries, 'How strange!' another cries, 'How
+beautiful!'  And then the three divide the field between them, and they
+build their houses there, and in a year you come back and see what
+answer the same earth has made to each of her three questioners.  They
+have all talked with the ground on which they lived, and heard its
+answers.  They have all held out their several hands, and the same
+ground has put its own gift into each of them.  What have they got to
+show you?  One cries, 'Come here and see my barn,' another cries, 'Come
+here and see my museum;' the other says, 'Let me read you my poem.'
+That is a picture of the way in which a generation, or the race, takes
+the great earth and makes it different things to all its children.
+With what measure we mete to it, it measures to us again.  This is the
+rebound of the hard earth--sensitive and soft, although we call it
+hard, and feeling with an instant keen discrimination the different
+touch of each different human nature which is laid upon it.  Reaction
+is equal to action."--_Phillips Brooks_.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+INFLUENCE, AND THE PRINCIPLE OF REACTION IN LIFE AND CHARACTER.
+
+To the mystery of life and death must be added the mystery of growth.
+When Demosthenes exclaimed: "Yesterday I was not here; I shall not be
+here to-morrow; to-day I am here," he suggested a hard problem.  Having
+solved the enigma, what went before life, and answered that mystery,
+what follows after death, there still remains this question: "How can a
+babe in twenty years take on the proportions of the great orator and
+reformer?"  Rocks do not grow, nor diamonds, nor dirt, but a shrunken
+bulb does become a lily, and a tiny seed a mustard tree.  In vain does
+the scientist struggle with this problem--how an acorn can expand into
+an oak; how in a single summer a grain of corn can ripen a thousand
+grains, like that from which the cornstalk sprang.
+
+Men are indeed familiar with the bursting of buds, the cracking of eggs
+and the growth of children; yet familiarity robs these facts of no whit
+of their mystery.  No jeweler ever goes into the field with a basket of
+watches to plant them in rows, expecting when autumn hath come to pick
+two or three wagon-loads of stem-winders from iron branches; yet, were
+this possible, it would be no more strange than that in the autumn the
+husbandman should stand under the branches to fill his basket with
+peaches or bunches of figs.  For wise men it is no more difficult to
+think of a growing engine than of a growing oak.  What if to-morrow an
+engineer should plant a cannon ball.  Having watered it well and kept
+the ground loose through hoe or spade, suppose that when a few weeks
+have passed the outline of a smokestack should push through the soil,
+to be followed a little later by a rudimentary steam whistle, the
+outlines of a boiler, and, rising through the sod, rude drive-wheels,
+piston-rods and cylinders, until after six months the great engine
+should stand forth in full completion.  This phenomenon would be no
+more wonderful than that which actually goes on before man's blind
+eyes, when a tiny seed enlarges into the big tree of California and
+constructs a vegetable engine that lifts thousands of hogsheads of
+water up to the topmost boughs without any rattle of chains or the din
+of machinery.
+
+With difficulty man constructs that musical instrument called a
+mouthharp, but nature, in six weeks, out of a little blue or brown egg
+constructs a feathered music-box that automatically conveys itself from
+tree to tree.  But the mystery that has gone on in that tiny blue egg
+lying in the nest is just as great as if some housewife had planted an
+old spinning-wheel in the full expectation of reaping a Jacquard loom,
+or had buried a jew's-harp in the garden expecting in the fall to pick
+a grand piano.  To the mystery that is involved in enlargement by
+growth must be added the mystery of intelligence.  It is not an easy
+thing for an expert housewife, using the same formula, always to
+achieve the same happy results in the white loaf.  He who plants a
+strawberry seed will find that the tiny seed will construct a plant,
+lay in the red tints according to rule and mix the flavor of the berry
+to a nicety that is the despair of the chef.  In the tropic forests
+there is a flower with a deep cup and the pollen at the bottom.  This
+pollen lies upon a little platter, and underneath the platter is that
+form of trap known as a figure four, much loved by boys.  When the bee,
+creeping down into the flower, touches that platter, it springs the
+trap that throws the fertilizing pollen upon the legs of the bee, to be
+conveyed to the next flower.  Wise men can, indeed, imitate this
+device, but a single seed will in a few months construct many scores of
+these mechanical devices.  To-morrow morning the embryologist in his
+laboratory will place an egg under a glass cylinder in an atmosphere of
+98 degrees.  Four hours pass and suddenly the scientist perceives an
+atom in the heart of that egg give a quick lashing movement.  Another
+moment witnesses two quick throbs.  Growth has begun and in four
+months' time the young eagle with firm strokes will lift itself into
+the soft air.  From the chamber of life and the chamber of death God
+hath never drawn the curtains.  The chamber of growth is another most
+holy place in which God alone doth stand.
+
+Deeply impressed by the fact of growth, scientists have also marveled
+at the principle that controls the harvest.  Rocks enlarge by
+accretion, but from what a rock is at the beginning, the geologists
+cannot tell what will be the shape of that rock when all deposits are
+finally made.  As to growth in seed and shrub, like produces like.  He
+who sows wheat reaps wheat, not tares.  He who plants a grape receives
+a purple cluster, not a bunch of thorns or thistles.  He who sows honor
+shall reap confidence.  He who sows frankness shall reap openness.  No
+Peabody sowing industry and thrift reaps the harvest of indolence and
+idleness.  Theodore Parker, loving knowledge and for it denying himself
+sleep and exercise, reaped wisdom, and also wan and hollow cheeks,
+while the iron frame and ruddy cheek are for the child of the woods who
+loves exercise in the open air.  He who aspires to leadership and would
+have the multitude cheer his name, he who longs for the day when his
+appearance upon the street shall mean an ovation from the people, must
+make himself the people's slave, defy all demagogues, brave the fury of
+party strife, oft be execrated by politicians and sometimes be hated by
+the multitude.  Having sown self-sacrifice and love, he shall reap fame
+and adulation.  For nature's law is universal and inexorable--like
+produces like.  The sheaf is simply the seed enlarged and multiplied.
+The sowing contains the germ of all the harvests to be reaped.
+
+The new biography of Benedict Arnold tells us of the despair of the
+traitor's final days, the remorse that gnawed his heart, the agony that
+filled his life.  Yet no arbitrary degree was imposed upon Arnold.  He
+plotted the surrender of the interests committed to him as a general,
+planned the stratagem that ended in the capture and execution of Andre,
+and received $30,000 in gold for his treachery.  Having gone over to
+the enemy, he placed himself at the head of a band of English troops
+and went forth to destroy the towns and villages of his boyhood and
+pillaged the homes of his old friends.  He sowed avarice, and of
+avarice he reaped $30,000.  He sowed distrust in America; he reaped
+distrust from the Englishmen who had bought his honor.  He sowed
+treason; he reaped infamy.  He sowed contempt for the colonists, and,
+dying, he reaped the contempt from his old friends, who counted his
+body carrion.  For the harvests of the soul represent not arbitrary
+degrees, but the workings of natural law.  If Ceres, the goddess of
+harvests, makes the sheaf to reap the seed, conscience, recalling man's
+career, ordains that like produces like.  What a man soweth that shall
+he also reap is the law of nature and of God.
+
+The heroes of the Old Testament are common people capitalized.  What is
+unique in the experience of these sons of greatness holds true of all
+of lesser rank.  The career of one of these giants is a pictorial
+exhibition of this principle of the spiritual harvest.  Young Jacob was
+shrewd, crafty and full of foresight.  If Esau, his brother, was a
+"hail fellow well met," the child of his impulses, Jacob was a diplomat
+and very wily.  One day, when the father, Isaac, was blind and old,
+Esau grew restless, and at last went away with his companions, for he
+dearly loved to hunt.  In that hour ambition tempted Jacob and avarice
+led him away.  Advantaging himself of his brother's absence, Jacob used
+the skin of a kid to make his hands hairy, like the hands of Esau, and,
+simulating the brother's voice, he extorted from his dying father those
+tokens that, according to the Eastern custom, made him the successor to
+his father's title, wealth and power.  Full twoscore years passed
+swiftly by and the deceit seems to have brought is large money returns
+to crafty Jacob.
+
+But silently nature was working out the harvest of retribution, through
+that law of heredity that makes sons repeat the qualities of their
+father.  When Jacob was now advanced in years his ten sons began, to
+develop craftiness, and soon they plowed great furrows of care in the
+father's face.  In those days of care his young son Joseph stole into
+Jacob's heart like a sweet sunbeam, and, with his open, loving ways,
+filled his father's heart with gladness.  When the elder brothers knew
+Jacob had given Joseph a coat of many colors they remembered the craft
+of their father in his early career.  One evening, when the herds and
+flocks were scattered widely over the hills, Simeon sent out messengers
+and called his brothers together for a conference.  In that hour he
+said: "Wist ye not how our father, being a younger son, supplanted his
+elder brother, Esau?  And behold his craft will now make his younger
+child, Joseph, to supplant his elder brothers!  Do ye not remember how
+our father, Jacob, took a kid and made his hands like unto the hands of
+Esau?  Let us now take a kid and make its blood represent the blood and
+death of Joseph.  What Jacob did for his father, Isaac, let his sons do
+to their father, Jacob."  Thus, with subtle irony, nature made the
+man's sins to come back to him.  A boy, Jacob deceived his father, now,
+grown gray and old, his boys brought their father an armful of deceits.
+In that hour when Reuben and Simeon held up the coat of many colors,
+all red with blood, great nature might have whispered to Jacob: "It is
+the blood of the kid that you slew for deceiving your father returning
+to enable your sons to deceive you."  For, having sowed deceit, deceit
+also and stratagem Jacob reaped.  Himself a son, he thrust a dart into
+his father's heart.  Become a father, his ten sons became archers,
+skilled with darts that filled their father's heart with agony.  For
+nature loves justice; her rule is law, sometimes her rod is iron.
+
+The principle that every deed is a seed that contains the germ of its
+own reward or punishment has received full interpretation by the poets
+and dramatists.  In his "Paradise Lost," Milton has made a detailed
+study of the principles of the spiritual harvests.  The poet represents
+Satan as an angel, fallen indeed, and sadly battered by his fall, yet
+still an archangel glorious for strength and beauty.  Having visited
+Paradise and accomplished the destruction of Eve's innocence and Adam's
+happiness, Satan returns home, passing over a bridge of more prodigious
+length than now arches the gulf between earth and hell.  When the
+prince arrived at Pandemonium, the capital of Lucifer's realm, he found
+that the leaders of the fallen host had arranged a reception in the
+great banquet-hall of the palace.  In the presence of the applauding
+throng, the prince told the story of how he had succeeded in opening
+the earth as a place to which these exiled angels might retreat from
+the prison in which they had been so long confined, and pointed to the
+great bridge spanning the abyss 'twixt earth and hell.  When the loud
+cheerings and rejoicings over this fact had ceased, Satan told by what
+stratagem he had succeeded in inducing man to break friendship with
+God.  It was not by disguising himself as an angel of light.  But,
+affirmed Satan, man cared so little for the laws of God that, although
+disguised as a serpent, he induced man to sin.
+
+
+  "Then awhile Satan stood, expecting their universal
+          shout and high applause
+    To fill his ear, when contrary he hears
+  On all sides from innumerable tongues
+    A dismal universal hiss, the sound
+  Of public scorn.  He wondered, but not long
+    Had leisure.  Wondering at himself no more,
+  His visage drawn, he felt; too sharp and spare
+    His arms clung to his ribs, his legs entwining
+  Each the other, till supplanted down he fell,
+    _A monstrous serpent_ on his belly prone,
+  _Reluctant, but in vain_.  A greater power
+    Now ruled him, _punished in the shape he sinned_,
+  According to his doom."
+
+
+Also when Satan attempted to speak, Milton says, only a hiss went forth
+"from forked tongue to forked tongue."  When many days had passed by
+and their hunger was very sore because these fallen angels had seduced
+man by an apple, it came about that when, fierce with hunger, they
+seized the fruit ripe upon the branches, the apples were found to be
+filled with soot and ashes.  By these striking suggestions Milton gives
+us his idea how angels and men reap what they sow.  Should the literary
+critic seek an appropriate heading for the tenth book of "Paradise
+Lost," he could hardly find one more appropriate than this: "What Man
+Soweth, That Shall He Also Reap."
+
+This law of the spiritual harvest that visits retribution upon
+unrighteousness or visits reward upon integrity seems to have cast a
+spell of fascination upon all great writers.  Even those who have
+written upon liberty, law, patriotism, or love have not been content to
+end their task until they have, through song or story, illustrated this
+law of the soul's seedtime and harvest.  The ancient poet who wrote at
+a time near to the dawn of history makes a strong man go forth to seize
+his neighbor's flocks and herds, but returning the prince found that in
+his absence enemies had looted his palace and carried off not only his
+treasure, but his wife and children.  In ending the tale the writer
+adds the reflection that "God is just!"
+
+Later on the Grecian threw this moral principle into a tale for
+children, a story that still lives under the title "Baucis and
+Philemon."  One day two travelers entered a village, but as they drew
+near, each housewife slammed her door, while rude boys threw clods at
+the wayfarers and let loose their dogs, who snapped and snarled after
+the travelers.  Passing quite beyond the village the pilgrims came to a
+humble cottage.  As they approached his door Philemon came forth to
+offer refuge, and apologized for the rudeness of his neighbors.  The
+old man prepared for them seats in the grateful shade and hurried to
+bring them fresh water from the cool spring.  Baucis also hastened to
+bring the loaf, with her one small honeycomb and her pitcher of milk.
+When the glasses were filled twice and thrice and still the rich milk
+failed not, the old housewife marveled, until she found that in the
+bottom of the pitcher there was a fountain from which the rich milk
+gushed so long as it was needed.  Nor did the honeycomb fail, nor did
+the sharp knife make the wheaten loaf to be less.  Having told us that
+the morning brought disaster to the inhospitable villagers, but brought
+assurance from these angels who had been entertained unawares that
+Baucis and Philemon should never more want for earthly goods, the
+writer of the olden times sets forth for us the principle that good man
+and bad alike reap what they sow, since each deed contains a harvest
+like unto itself.  Indeed, literature and life teem with exhibitions of
+this principle.  Haman, the rich ruler, builds a gallows for poor
+Mordecai, whom he hates, and later on Haman himself is hanged upon his
+own scaffold.  David sets Uriah in the front of the battle and robs him
+of his wife, and when a few years have passed, in turn David is robbed
+of his wife, his palace also, and his city.
+
+Walter Scott believes in moral retribution.  He tells us of a youth who
+deftly split an arrow at the point where it fitted the bow-string, that
+when his brother, whom he hated, should bend his bow the arrow might
+split and, rebounding, pass through his eye.  Now it happened that the
+brother returned from the hunt without using his weapon.  That night,
+alarmed at a commotion without, the youth seized his bow, and, chancing
+to strike upon that very arrow, was himself slain by the stratagem that
+he had wickedly planned for his brother.  George Eliot, too, has
+dedicated her greatest volume to the study of this principle.  The
+orphan child, Tito, is received into the arms of an adopted father, who
+lavishes upon him all his wealth.  But when the youth was grown to full
+strength and beauty, one night Tito left his adopted father in slavery
+and fled with his gold and gems into a foreign land.  Years passed by
+and, with his stolen wealth, Tito bought wife, palace, position, fame.
+He had sown falsehood and cruelty, and nothing seemed so unlikely as
+that he would reap a similar harvest.  But one day the people
+discovered his falsehood and attacked Tito.  A mob pursued him through
+the streets, and, knowing his strength as a swimmer, the youth cast
+himself into the River Arno.  When Tito had swum far down the river to
+the other side, and, in his exhaustion, would go ashore, he looked up,
+and, lo! he discerned the gray-haired father whom he had injured
+trotting along the shore side by side with the swimmer.  In the old
+man's eyes blazed bitter hatred, in his hand flashed a sharp knife.
+What the youth had sown years before now at last he was to reap.  When
+increasing weakness compelled him to approach the shore he looked
+beseechingly to his father for mercy, but found only justice.  With a
+wild and bitter cry Tito reaped his harvest.  Soon the mud of that
+river filled the eyes and ears of him who years before had received
+defilement into his heart.  What seed he had sown, that Nature gave him
+as a harvest--good measure, heaped up, and shaken together.
+
+History permits no man to escape the reflection that if, for the time
+being, individuals have escaped this moral law, nations have felt its
+full force.  Nature does, indeed, walk through the fields with
+footsteps so gentle as to disturb no drop of dew hanging upon the blade
+of grass.  Nature also hath her sterner aspect, and for the sons of
+iniquity her footsteps are earthquakes, her strokes are strokes of war
+and of pestilence.  When Sophocles worked out the law of moral
+retribution for King Oedipus and Antigone, his daughter, the poet might
+well have gone on to note that if the Grecian army had sacked the
+Trojan cities the time would come when the Roman fleet would sack her
+cities and make her sons to toil as captives.  Later on, if the Roman
+conquerors swept the East for corn and wheat, looted stores and shops,
+pillaged palaces for treasure for triumphal processions, the time came
+when Nature and God decreed that the vast wealth piled up in the Roman
+capital should excite the cupidity of the Goths, until at last the
+streets of that great city were swept with flame and store-houses were
+pillaged by marauders.  In reviewing the history of Venice Ruskin was
+so impressed with this principle of the moral harvest that he affirms
+that the history of palace and cathedral, of fleets and navies, is
+simply the story, written by a pen dipped in fire and blood, of how the
+children reaped what the fathers had sown.
+
+For many months past the statesmen of England have been sending forth
+discussions reviewing the career of their country.  In the light of the
+Eastern problem one of these authors reflects that whenever England has
+sown injustice to a weaker nation she has reaped injustice and
+retribution for herself.  He notes that in the last century the
+governors of England--for example, Lord Hastings--went through the land
+robbing rajahs, despoiling the people by false weights and measures,
+until they had turned the whole country into one vast desert.  The hour
+came when before the House of Commons Burke impeached Hastings for high
+crimes and misdemeanors, as the enemy of India and England and all men.
+But England was content to impose a trifling fine upon her wicked
+official.  How could she give up the treasure she had filched for
+herself?  Years passed and an injured people brooded upon its wrongs,
+and the time came when what England had sown in tears she reaped in
+blood.  One day the Indian soldiers mutinied.  The next day the wells
+were filled with the bodies of English officers, their wives and
+children; then merchants and missionaries and travelers were
+slaughtered.  For weeks the strife went on.  If once the English
+soldier had pillaged the Indian villages, now, in turn, the English
+quarters were pillaged.  "Blind of eye and hard of heart," said the
+sage statesman.  "Retribution hath been visited upon us," said the
+great leader.  "Our jealousy and greed hath ended with that sword being
+sharpened against ourselves."  The note of conviction is in the voice
+of this statesman, but what saith be save this: "What a man soweth,
+that also shall he reap!"
+
+All young hearts may well remember that it is safe to do right, but
+dangerous to sow wrong!  No matter how smooth, how soft and sweet, seem
+the paths of sin, know that beneath every flower there lurks a spider,
+beneath every silken couch of indulgence there broods a nest of
+serpents, and the scene that begins with flowers shall end midst thorns
+and thickets.  For the moment, indeed, the judge may seem unobservant
+and the watchman may seem asleep; but he who yields to any deflection
+from honor shall find at last that God never slumbers, that his laws
+never sleep.  Go east or go west.  Nature is upon the track of the
+wrong-doer.  Could the sage of old sit down to converse with each youth
+who to-day walks on the street, perchance he would find many who,
+through excess, are draining away the rich forces of nerve and brain
+and blood.
+
+Daily they deny reason its book, taste its music, love its noble
+companionship.  At last, when the harp of the physical senses begins to
+give way, and they fall back upon the mental faculties for pleasure,
+then these faculties that have been starved shall, in turn, make men
+suffer.  In that hour reason or memory shall say: "Because I called and
+ye refused; because I stretched out my hand and no man regarded,
+therefore I will laugh at your calamity.  I will mock at your
+desolation when your fear cometh as destruction and your desolation as
+whirlwind."  In Daniel Webster's words of disappointed ambition, "I
+still live," we see that a statesman sows what he reaps.  In Goethe's
+fearful cry for "more light" we see that the poet who sows darkness
+shall reap darkness.  In Lord Byron's piteous "I must sleep now" we see
+that he who sows morbidness and passion reaps feverishness and shame.
+The law is inexorable.  He who sows foul thoughts shall reap the foul
+countenance of a fiend.  He who sows pure thoughts shall reap the
+sweetness and nobility of the face of Fra Angelico.  He who sows
+reflection shall reap wisdom.  He who sows sympathy shall reap love.
+The good Samaritan who sows tenderness to the man wounded by the
+wayside shall reap tenderness when angels stoop to bind up his broken
+heart.
+
+
+
+
+THE LOVE THAT PERFECTS LIFE.
+
+
+
+
+"Love is the fulfilling of the law."--_Romans, xiii, 10_.
+
+
+"Men may die without any opinions, and yet be carried into Abraham's
+bosom, but if we be without love, what will knowledge avail?  I will
+not quarrel with you about opinions.  Only see that your heart be right
+with God.  I am sick of opinions.  Give me good and substantial
+religion, a humble, gentle love of God and man."--_John Wesley_.
+
+
+"Therefore, come what may, hold fast to love.  Though men should rend
+your heart, let them not embitter or harden it.  We win by tenderness,
+we conquer by forgiveness.  O, strive to enter into something of that
+large celestial charity which is meek, enduring, unretaliating, and
+which even the overbearing world cannot withstand forever!  Learn the
+new commandment of the Son of God.  Not to love merely, but to love _as
+He loved_.  Go forth in this Spirit to your life duties, go forth,
+children of the Cross, to carry everything before you, and win
+victories for God by the conquering power of a love like
+his."--_Frederick W. Robertson_.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+THE LOVE THAT PERFECTS LIFE.
+
+The purpose of Christ's mission to earth was the development of ideal
+manhood.  The instruments he fashioned and the agents he ordained all
+wrought unceasingly toward a manhood that was ample in faculty, fertile
+in resource and ripe in those qualities that make for maturity of
+character.  He sought to teach men how to carry their faculties through
+all the strife, collisions and rivalries of life, without damaging men
+or being damaged by them.
+
+Always to the children of good fortune right living has seemed easy,
+for these live midst sheltered conditions and exhibit goodness as
+naturally as the sheltered southern nooks have grass and flowers when
+all the northern hillsides are brown with death or white with snow.
+But Christ came teaching the children of weakness and misfortune how to
+bear up midst adversity, how to sing songs at midnight and how, through
+defeat, to march to final victory.  So beautiful was the manhood he
+unveiled before men that, beholding it, men low and men high, the
+publican and prodigal, the centurion and ruler also, quivered with
+hope, as the harp quivers under the touch of the harper.
+
+For his ideal includes every quality that kindles admiration and
+delight; all gentleness, all goodness, all simplicity, the refinement
+of the scholar, the insight of the seer, the courage that makes the
+youth a hero.  In luminous hours men behold visions of ideal perfection
+hanging like stars in a midnight sky.  Unfortunately for many, these
+visions burst like bubbles and soon pass away.  Artists and sculptors
+look forward to an hour when, by a touch here and a touch there, the
+statue shall be perfected and the portrait completed; so Christ pointed
+forward to an hour when, having been wrought upon by darkness and by
+light, by defeat and by victory, by sorrow and by joy, at last wisdom
+shall be made perfect, judgment know no error, love have full
+disclosure and the soul enter into unhindered perfection.
+
+Great are the achievements of the chisel upon the block of marble,
+marvelous the skill with which a master turns a dead canvas into
+lustrous life and beauty.  Matchless the power that turns a clod into a
+rosy apple, a seed into a sheaf of wheat, a babe into a sage; yet
+neither nature nor art knows any transformation like unto that wonder
+of time when, by slow processes, God develops man out of rude and low
+conditions of life unto those high and spiritual moods when selfishness
+gives place to self-sacrifice, coarseness to sweetness, hardness to
+gentleness and love, and perfection dwells in man as ripeness dwells in
+fruit, as maturity dwells in harvests.
+
+The mainspring of all progress, individual and social, is the desire to
+fulfill in character all one has planned in thought.  Man's life is one
+long pursuit of the visions of possible excellence which disquiet,
+rebuke and tempt him upward.  "As to other points," said John Milton,
+"what God may have determined for me I know not, but this I know--that
+if he ever instilled an intense love of moral beauty into the breast of
+any man, he has instilled it into mine.  Ceres, in the fable, pursued
+not her daughter with a greater keenness of inquiry than I, day and
+night, the idea of perfection."  Haunted by his dream of excellence,
+the poet likened himself to one born beside the throne and reared in
+purple, yet by some mischance left to gypsies, midst poverty and
+neglect, while thoughts of the glory he has known and that imperial
+palace whence he came, are never out of mind.  In picturing forth these
+conceptions of sweetness and light, philosophers have found it hard to
+summarize the qualities that make up ideal manhood.
+
+Conceding that the Christian is the perfect gentleman, who does for his
+fellows what an easy chair does for a tired man, what a winter's fire
+is to a lost traveler, we may also affirm that Newman's definition is
+inadequate and fragmentary.  As the ideal portraits of Christ, from
+Perugino to Hoffman, divide the kingdom of beauty--and must be united
+in one new conception in order to approach the perfect face--so the
+poets and the philosophers, with their diverse conceptions of ideal
+manhood, divide the kingdom of character.  "The true man cannot be a
+fragmentary man," said Plato.  Is he not one-sided who masters the
+conventional refinement and the stock proprieties, yet indulges in
+drunkenness and gluttony?  "Pleasure must not be his sole aim," said
+the accomplished Chesterfield.  "I have enjoyed all the pleasures of
+the world, and consequently know their futility, and do not regret
+their loss.  Those who have no experience are dazzled with there
+[Transcriber's note: their?] glare, but I have been behind the scenes
+and have seen all the coarse pulleys, which exhibit and move all the
+gaudy machines that excite the admiration of the ignorant audience."
+
+Nor is scholarship enough.  From Solomon to Burke, the wisest men have
+been the saddest of men.  The Scottish physician who ordered his
+secretary to select from his library all the books upon medicine and
+surgery that were printed prior to 1880 and sell them, tells us how
+futile is the pursuit of wisdom and how rapidly the systems of to-day
+become the cast-off garments of to-morrow.  Nor must the perfect man
+represent power and wealth alone, for "the wealth of Croesus cannot
+bring sleep to the sick man tossing upon his silken couch, and all the
+Alexanders and Napoleons have shed bitter tears, conquering or
+conquered."  He who is merchant or scholar or ruler, and only that,
+climbs his pillar like Simeon Stylites.
+
+All such know not that the world itself is a pillar all too small for
+the soul to stand upon.  This life-chase after bubbles, this fighting
+for trifles, this pursuit of false grails, reminds us of the story of
+that Grecian boy lured to his death by the enchantress.  Going into the
+palace garden to pluck a rose, the youth beheld the form of a young
+girl standing in the edge of the glimmering woods.  With soft words and
+sweet, she called him.  Forgetting his dear ones in the palace, the
+youth ran after his enchantress.  Along a pathway of flowers she danced
+before him, sometimes sweeping the strings of her harp, sometimes
+singing, and shaking her curls at his haste, ever shooting arrows from
+her eyes, yet ever just eluding his embrace.  On and on she led him
+into the bog, that covered his garments with mud, through the thorns
+and brambles that tore his white skin, over rocks steep and sharp.
+Ever and anon the youth stopped to pluck the thorns from his hands and
+bind up his bleeding feet; then, gathering his torn purple about him,
+he plunged on, in the hope of drinking at last the sweet cup of her
+sorcery.  When, at the end of the day, the desire of his heart was
+given him, the illusion fell away, for the youth embraced not a
+beautiful maiden, but an old hag, who had led him into the desert to a
+hut whose stones were darkness and whose walls were confusion.
+
+As the term genius includes all those forms of culture termed poetry,
+music, eloquence, leadership, so love is a term that includes all those
+shapes of human welfare known as education, refinement, liberty,
+happiness.  Properly defined, love is that exalted state of mind and
+heart when reason is luminous, when judgment and imagination glow under
+its influence just as the electric bulb glows under the living current.
+There are three possible states and moods under which the mind may
+fulfill its functions.  There is a dull and quiescent condition when
+reason and judgment act, but act without fervor.  Power is there, but
+it is latent, just as heat is in the unkindled wood lying on the grate,
+but the heat is hidden.
+
+Then there is a higher mood of the mind, when, under the influence of
+conversation or reading, the mind emits jets and flashes of thought,
+through witticism or story; but this creative mood is intermittent and
+spasmodic.  Last of all is that exalted mood when the mind glows and
+throbs, when reason emits thoughts, as stars blaze light; when the
+nimbus that overarches the brows of saints in ancient pictures
+literally represents the effulgence of the mind.  Work done in the
+lower moods is called mediocre; work done by the mind in the second
+stage is associated with talent, but when, through birth or ancestry,
+the mind works ever in regnant and supernal moods, it is called genius.
+Affirming that all minds rise into this higher mood at intervals, we
+may also affirm that all the best work in literature or art or commerce
+has been wrought during these exalted states when love for the work in
+hand has rendered the mind luminous and crystalline.
+
+It was love of nature that lent Wordsworth his power to divine nature's
+secret.  When the poet approached Chamouni and the mountains that gird
+it round he tells us he was conscious of a shivering from head to foot,
+with mingled awe and fear; his mind glowed with an indescribable
+pleasure; his body thrilled as if in the presence of a disembodied
+spirit; his heart approached nature with an intensity of joy comparable
+only to that joy which Dante felt when approaching Beatrice.  But when
+the cares of this world gained upon him and the love of nature faded
+gradually away in the manner described by him in his "Intimations of
+Immortality," then also his power to describe nature faded away.  For
+only when the heart loves can intellect do great work.
+
+His biographer tells us that when Angelo grew old and blind he was
+accustomed to ask his servant to lead him to the torso of Phidias.
+Passing his hands slowly over the broken marble, the sculptor entered
+into the thought of the great Grecian, and with love for his art
+glowing in his face and thrilling in his voice, he mused aloud upon the
+genius of Phidias.  Love of his art made all his days bright and all
+his moons honeymoons.  When Wyatt Eaton, the artist, was in Millet's
+home he noticed that when the wife called the artist from his task to
+his noonday meal, the artist's whole being had so gathered itself into
+the eye that there was no life left with which to hear.  Love lent
+genius skill.  No other sentiment is so universal or so powerful in its
+influence as love that energizes the mind and heart.  Love lent
+swiftness to the feet of Sir Galahad; lent his heart courage; lent his
+sword victory.  Entering the palace, love, said Cicero, "makes gold
+shine."  Love for the birds lent fame to Audubon; just as love for the
+bees lent fortune to Huber.  Love of knowledge hived all the wisdom in
+the libraries; love of beauty adorned all the galleries; love of
+service organized all the philanthropies.  To-morrow, at the behest of
+love, and in the interests of dear ones at home, all the wheels will
+begin to revolve; all the trains go out and all the ships come in.
+When a man of real force and worth passes upward into that high state
+of purity and sweet reasonableness called love, he becomes almost
+sacred and exhales an ineffable and mysterious atmosphere.  Great is
+the power of trade; wonderful the influence of fortune and force;
+marvelous the hundred instrumentalities and institutions of society,
+but above all of them is man, whose love can indeed "make riches
+splendid," whose wisdom love can make mellow, whose strength love can
+make gentle, whose defeats love can turn into victories.  In that hour
+one hundred men dwell in one man.
+
+Love also perfects morality and fulfills all ethical laws.  What health
+is to the body, what sweetness is to the lark's song, what perfume is
+to the rose, that morality is to culture and character.  Drunkenness
+and gluttony have not more power to blear the eye than immorality to
+degrade the soul.  When Homer tells us that Ulysses escaped unharmed
+from the enchanted palace, but suffered injury from his unfaithfulness
+to a friend, the poet wishes us to know that it is easier to recover
+from the poison of Circe's cup than to escape the effect of
+disobedience to the laws of God.
+
+Fortunately nature is so organized as to keep the consequences of
+ill-doing ever before man's eyes.  Disobeying the law of fire man is
+burned; disobeying the law of steam man is scalded; disobeying the law
+of honor friends avert their faces, or the door of the jail closes
+behind the wrongdoer.  So few are these laws and so simple that they
+could not be plainer were they emblazoned upon the sky as an
+ever-present scroll.  There is the law of reverence.  Conscious of
+vastness and sublimity, in the presence of mountains, man, frail,
+ignorant, passing swiftly to his grave, is asked to bow his head in the
+presence of the Eternal One.
+
+There is also the law of truth in speech, the law of purity in thought,
+the laws that forbid theft and covetousness and killing.  But all these
+laws are gathered up and fulfilled in love, just as the seven colors of
+nature are gathered up and fulfilled in the one white sunbeam.  And he
+who loves will fulfill all these laws.  Loving himself, man will not
+waste his physical treasure.  As it was vandalism for the iconoclasts
+to pass through the cathedrals of Europe whitewashing the frescoes and
+breaking down the statues, much more is it vandalism for men to destroy
+that temple of God called the body.  If man loves his mind he will,
+through culture, lead what is germinal and latent forth into full
+blossom and fruitage.  He who loves scholarship will make haste to
+double the books in his library.  He who loves sweetness will double
+the sweetness of his melody.  He who loves friends will double their
+number and strengthen their affection.  He who loves industry will
+strengthen his toil and lend it influence.  Looking toward the home,
+love fulfills the law of helpfulness.  Looking toward the weak and
+poor, love fulfills the law of service and sympathy.  Looking toward a
+great crisis for humanity, love fulfills the law of martyrdom.
+
+Just as summer fulfills all ripeness and growth for seed and root and
+tree, so love fulfills all laws for self and man and the all-loving God.
+
+After thirty-six years of tireless toil Herbert Spencer has brought to
+a conclusion the labors of a lifetime.  His final volume places the
+capstone on the structure of his philosophy.  In reading these pages no
+thoughtful mind can fail to perceive that for science also has dawned
+the vision splendid.  If history began with an era of force, its last
+and crowning achievement will be the era when love, organized into laws
+and institutions, will lend perfection to civilization.  The upward
+march of mankind has been slow and accompanied by tremendous losses.
+At the beginning strength prevailed and weakness went to the wall; the
+bird with the swiftest wing first reached the fountain, the deer with
+the swiftest foot reached the place of shelter, the ox with the
+strongest thrust reached the richest fodder.  Pushed back, weakness
+perished, while strength prevailed and propagated.
+
+This law of violence received its first check through the parental
+instinct.  Parenthood built a fortress with walls and bulwarks about
+the babe.  Love of offspring caused a weakness to survive.  At last an
+era dawned when many parents united to construct a shield for weak
+children indeed, but also for weak adults.  The state lifted the shield
+between weakness and its oppressor.  The widow and the orphan were
+permitted to glean after the harvesters.  The traveler, passing through
+the field, might pluck a handful of corn or pull a bunch of figs.  The
+creditor must not take the blanket or coat from the laborer nor the
+boat from the poor fisherman, nor the plane or saw from the poor
+carpenter.  Stimulated by Christ's example and teachings, society began
+to multiply the bulwarks against tyranny and selfishness.  Looking
+toward the child, for the protection of weakness and unripeness, the
+state built these shields called the school and library, looking toward
+the unfortunate and those weak in body or mind, the state built
+bulwarks called asylum and hospital.  Looking toward the chimney-sweep,
+the factory boys and girls, the state began to soften pain and mitigate
+the distress of labor.  Looking toward the serf and the slave and the
+prisoner, the novelist and poet constructed song and story as shields
+for the protection of the weak and the oppressed.
+
+One hundred years ago a man was as a beast of the field, and the
+slaughter of men in Italy, by the tyrant who ruled over them, stirred
+no more thought in England than the news of the slaughter of so many
+beasts.  But fifty years ago the state had become so gentle toward the
+weak that when Mr. Gladstone made a protest against the savagery and
+infuriated cruelty wrought upon the inmates of the dungeons of Italy,
+then the heart of Europe turned toward Rome, the throne trembled upon
+its foundations.  Formerly when any foreign government wished to
+colonize Africa, they sent out a regiment of soldiers, cut off a slice
+of the country and annexed it.  Now public sentiment forbids such
+tyranny.  The only way the aggressive nations can obtain possession of
+new territory is to do it under the name of a protectorate,
+sugar-coating, as has been said, the deeds of tyranny.  If the dungeon
+has been rifled of its prey, if cruelty has been scourged out of the
+land, if despotism tottered, it is because society was slowly climbing
+up that stairway, of which the first step is fear and the last is love.
+
+In these January days our earth, snow-clad and frost-bound, seems like
+a huge ball of ice.  Yet all unconsciously to itself, the earth is
+being swept on into spring and summer.  Unconsciously, but none the
+less truly, society, under the silent and secret impulse of the great
+God, has been journeying upward toward the time when love shall fulfill
+every law; when kindness and sympathy shall be organized in manners and
+customs.  All the revolutions of the past, all the clangor of war, all
+the tumbling down of Bastilles, all the piling up of cities, is as
+nothing to the advance of the world toward that era when love shall
+perfect man's institutions and civilization.
+
+Love also perfects religion.  It is the glory of Christ that he unveils
+the sovereignty of character and crowns manhood with all-maturing and
+all-perfecting love.  Looking backward, man finds that all religions
+fall into four classes: There is the religion of fear and force, when
+man offers sacrifices to appease the gods and conciliate justice.
+There is the religion of law, when men reduce life to formal rules, and
+the Pharisee rigorously fulfills his duty as chief, or trader, or
+friend.  There is the religion of romanticism, when men of powerful
+intellect and strong imagination evolve their ideal and, withdrawing to
+some cave, give themselves to reverie.  In all such self becomes an
+orb, so large as to eclipse brother man and God.  Last of all there is
+the religion of Christ, in which love is root, blossom and fruitage.
+It aims at the development and unfolding of everything that is gracious
+in life, whatever strikes at admiration, whether it is in school, in
+art, in song, in wit, in travel, in books; whatever is praiseworthy in
+courage or endurance, whatever has fineness and sweetness and nobility;
+all that belongs to the hero and patriot; all that belongs to the seer
+and scholar; all that belongs to leadership in trade and commerce--all
+these elements are to be united and carried upward into the sweetness
+and purity of life, until the full man, standing apart and standing
+above life, seems to have been informed with divine love, as with a
+presence.
+
+And when love has made the most of the man himself it overflows to
+bless others.  Christ's disciples are not here to be ministered unto,
+but to minister.  Religion, says Christ, is love, and love is gentle
+toward those with hollow eyes and famine-stricken faces.  Love is
+kindly toward those who have a tragedy written in the sharpened
+countenance.  Love is patient toward those who have lost fidelity, as a
+man loses a golden coin; who have lost morality as one who flounders in
+the Alpine drifts.  And this religion of love takes on a thousand
+modern forms.  If it is not rowing out against the darkness and storm,
+as did Grace Darling to save the shipwrecked, it is going forth to
+those tossed upon life's billows, to succor and to save.  For love is
+making the individual life beautiful, making the home beautiful, and
+will at last make the church and state beautiful.  Men will not bow
+down to crowned power nor philosophic power nor esthetic power; but, in
+the presence of a great soul, filled with vigor of inspiration and
+glowing with love, man will do obeisance.  There is no force upon earth
+like divine love in the heart of man, and at last that force will
+sweeten and regenerate society.
+
+Love also fulfills immortality.  Of late science has reduced the number
+of things that endure.  The astronomer tells us the sun is burning up,
+and will be a dying ash-heap as truly as the coal in man's cellar will
+be exhausted.  The geologists tell us the flowing of "the crystal
+springs wearies the mountain's heart as truly as the beating of the
+crimson pulse wearies man's; that the force of the iron crag is abated
+in its time, like the strength of human sinews in old age."  The
+everlasting mountains are doomed to decay as surely as the moth and
+worm.  It seems that the shining texture of stars and suns must wax
+old, like a garment, and decay.  If now youth is eager to master all
+knowledge, plunge into the thick of life's battle, forge some tool,
+enact some law, right some wrong, the time will speedily come when the
+man will sit down amid the ruins of his life and confess that his idols
+have been shivered, one by one.
+
+He who loves endures.  For him always all is well.  That youth with a
+great love for nature's treasures that promised fame, but who found his
+open book crimson with the life-current, may dry his tears, for love is
+immortal and beyond he will fulfill the dreams denied here.  Because he
+loves the slave, Livingstone, falling in the African forest, need not
+fear, for love will make his work immortal.  The sweet mother, whose
+love overarches the cradle with thoughts that for number are beyond the
+stars, need not fear to leave behind the gentle babe, for everlasting
+love will encircle it.  Falling into unconsciousness and putting out
+upon the yeasty sea midst the falling darkness, man may call back: "I
+still live."  For God is love and God is eternal.  Therefore man who
+loves is immortal also.
+
+
+
+
+HOPE'S HARVEST, AND THE FAR-OFF INTEREST OF TEARS.
+
+
+
+
+  "Let Love clasp Grief lest both be drown'd,
+  Let Darkness keep her raven gloss;
+  Ah, sweeter to be drunk with loss,
+  To dance with Death to beat the ground!"--_Tennyson_.
+
+
+  "Soul, rule thyself.  On passion, deed, desire,
+  Lay thou the laws of thy deliberate will.
+  Stand at thy chosen post.  Faith's sentinel:
+  Though Hell's lost legions ring thee round with fire,
+  Learn to endure.  Dark vigil hours shall tire
+  Thy wakeful eyes; regrets thy bosom thrill;
+  Slow years thy loveless flower of youth shall kill;
+  Yea, thou shalt yearn for lute and wanton lyre.
+  Yet is thy guerdon great; thine the reward
+  Of those elect, who, scorning Circe's lure,
+  Grown early wise, make living light their lord.
+  Clothed with celestial steel, these walk secure,
+  Masters, not slaves.  Over their heads the pure
+  Heavens bow, and guardian seraphs wave God's sword."--_V. A. Symonds_.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+HOPE'S HARVEST, AND THE FAR-OFF INTEREST OF TEARS.
+
+The soul is monarch of three kingdoms.  Man lives at once in the
+present, the past and the future.  Memory presides over yesterday;
+to-day is ruled by reason; to-morrow is under the sway of hope.  The
+ancient seer who stood by the historic vine reflecting how the rain of
+yesterday had disappeared to give its sweet liquors to the roots only
+to reappear to-morrow in purple clusters, gave us a beautiful image of
+himself.  Each human life is like unto a vine--its trunk manifest in
+the present; its roots deeply buried in the past; its branches throwing
+themselves forward, ripening fruit for days to come.  Life is a solid
+column of days all compacted together.  To-day's usefulness is in the
+number of wise, happy and helpful yesterdays, whose accumulated
+treasures crowd forward the soul's present activities.  But for his
+yesterdays stored up in memory man would be impotent for any heroic
+thought or deed.  He would remain a perpetual infant.  As the child
+journeys away from the cradle memory gathers up and carries forward
+faces, words, books, arts, sciences, literatures, and these
+recollections are embalmed and transmitted as soul-capital, legacies
+unspeakably precious.
+
+Yesterday, therefore, is no mausoleum of dead deeds; no storehouse of
+mummies.  Memory is a granary holding seed for to-morrow's sowing;
+memory is an armory holding weapons for to-morrow's battles, memory is
+a medicine-chest with balms for to-morrow's hurts; memory is a library
+with wisdom for to-morrow's emergency.  Yesterday holds the full store
+of to-day's civilization, contains our tools, conveniences, knowledges;
+contains our battlefields and victories; above all gives us Bethlehem
+and Calvary.  But alone man's yesterday is impotent; his to-morrow
+insufficient.  The true man binds all his days together with an
+earnest, intense, passionate purpose.  His yesterdays, to-days and
+to-morrows march together, one solid column, animated by one thought,
+constrained by one conspiracy of desire, energizing toward one holy and
+helpful purpose, to serve man and love God.
+
+God governs man through the regency of hope.  The reasons thereof are
+self-evident.  Man is born a long way from home.  No cradle rocks a
+full-orbed manhood.  The babe begins a mere handful of germs; a bough
+of unblossomed buds.  It is a weary climb from nothing to manhood, at
+its best.  As things rise in the scale of being the distance between
+birth and maturity widens.  Mollusks are born close up to their full
+estate, sandflies mature in two days, butterflies in two weeks,
+humming-birds in as many months.  But let no man think the vast
+all-shadowing redwood trees of California grew in a mushroomic night.
+When the seed first thrust its rootlets down into the soil and its
+plumule up to the sunshine it entered upon a long career.  Saved by
+hope after 800 years of growth it gives shade to myriads of birds;
+beams for lath and loom and ship in the service of industry; lends pen
+and pencil to poet and artist in the service of beauty; through desk
+and pew enters into man's intellectual and moral life; through
+instruments of convenience strengthens the sweet amenities of the home;
+working, it also waited and is saved by hope.
+
+Man stands at the very summit of creation.  He is at the head of all
+that creep and swim and walk and fly.  Preparatory to his dominion he
+begins with the lowest and runs the whole gamut of experience of all
+living things below him.  And hope alone can save him as he journeys
+upward through all the intermediate stages on his way to his throne and
+his God.  Big with destiny, he is saved by hope.  Not to-day and not
+yesterday can suffice.  The present offers only standing
+room--four-and-twenty hours.  Memory is a bin banked with snowdrifts,
+not the waving harvest-fields.  Man's life is all in front of him.  His
+large endowment asks for an extended period of time, asks seventy years
+for skill toward his body; asks an immortal destiny for mind and heart.
+He is saved by hope and futurity.
+
+Consider the scope and functions of hope and aspiration.  Man is
+governed from above and within; while rocks, birds, beasts are governed
+from below and without.  Gravity holds the bowlder in its place.  The
+channel saith to the river: "Thus far and no farther."  The fawn that
+is struck, the lion that strikes, the eagle dwelling above both, are
+controlled by fear.  The charioteer drives his steeds from behind and
+controls by rein and scourge.  But man is controlled from within and in
+front.  God does not scourge his children forward through whips of
+fear.  Hopes moving on before him lure him onward.  The Italian artist
+shows us the child passing near the precipice.  Then drew near a gentle
+guardian spirit.  The unseen friend rolled along the pathway apples of
+Paradise and the child, following after with shouts of glee, was lured
+from danger.  To the beauty of the artist's thought Homer's story adds
+elements of instruction.  When the Grecian boy was pursued by a giant
+whose breath was fire, whose hand held a huge club, two invisible
+beings lent help.  One took the boy's hand and lifted him forward, the
+other casting an invisible cord over him flew before him until his
+speed was doubled and the palace gates gave shelter.  Oh, beautiful
+story of God's gentle rule o'er men!  When troubles sweep over the
+world like sheeted storms, when men fear exceedingly and strong men
+cower and shrink and little ones believe the next step to be the
+precipice, then God smiles.  Striking some sweet bell he sends forth
+messengers to lure men forward; they hang stars in man's night; they
+whisper that the twilight is nothing, since it is morning twilight;
+that fears are bats and owls hooting at the dawn; that hope is a lark
+singing the new day; that God reigns and all is well.  Then depart all
+fears and superstitions.  The courage of the future comes; the columns
+begin a forward march.  These upward movements of society are the
+yearnings of God's heart lifting his children forward by hope.
+
+Hope and aspiration also furnish the secret springs of civilization.
+All things useful and beautiful were once only hopes and ideas.  Free
+institutions are ideals of liberty, crystallized into word forms.
+Tools and instruments are ideals dressed up in iron clothes.  The early
+forest man dwelt in a cave; ached with cold and moaned with hunger.
+Going into the forest to dig roots he found honey hived by the bees and
+nuts stored up by squirrels against the winter.  Straightway hope
+suggested to him a larger granary, whence hath come all man's bins and
+storehouses.  Man plucked a large plum and found it sour, and another
+plum small, but sweet.  Hope suggested that he unite the two and strike
+through the abundant acid juices of the one with the sugar of the
+other.  Thence came all vineyards and orchards.  Digging in the soil
+tired him, but hope suggested that his pet ox might pull his forked
+stick; when the wooden stick wore blunt hope replaced it with an iron
+point; when the iron point refused to scour hope suggested steel; when
+the steel made his burden light and doubled the pace of his steeds,
+hope suggested a seat on the plow; when the riding-plow gave him time
+to think, hope suggested he could increase the harvest by doubling the
+depth, when the weight was overheavy for his beasts, hope suggested a
+steam-plow.  The Kensington Museum exhibits the growth of the plow
+idea, as it moved from the forked stick to the "steam gang."  If in
+this procession of material plows we could see the procession of ideal
+plows we would find that thoughts and hopes are a thousandfold more
+than material things.
+
+By hope also do the people increase in wisdom and culture and
+character.  Millions of men are digging and toiling twelve hours each
+day; and God hath sent forth hope to emancipate them from drudgery.
+The man digging with his pick hath a far-away look as he toils.  Hope
+is drawing pictures of a cottage with vines over the doorway, with some
+one standing at the gate, a sweet voice singing over the cradle.  Hope
+makes this home his; it rests the laborer and saves him from despair.
+Multitudes working in the stithy and deep mines sweeten their labor and
+exalt their toil by aspiring thoughts.  Thinking of his little ones at
+home, the miner says: "My children shall not be as their father was; my
+drudgery is not for self, but for love's sake; the sweat of my brow is
+oil in the lamp of love; I will light it to-night on the sacred altar
+of home."  Here is the secret of the rise and reign of the people.
+This explains all man's progress in knowledge and culture.  As the
+fruits and flowers rise rank upon rank in response to the advancing
+summer, so all that is most refined and exalted in man's mind or heart
+bursts forth in new ideals, reforms, revolutions, in response to the
+revelation of that personal presence from whom all hope and aspiration
+incessantly proceed.
+
+Hope's noble ministry hath grievous enemies.  Among these let us
+include a false use of the past.  Yesterday contains sins and mistakes,
+but multitudes err in dwelling too much upon their wrongs.  Each man
+hath had his temptations, each his fierce conflicts and defeats, each
+bears grievous scars from the battle-field.  Yet if one constantly
+revives all his old sins life will be filled with hideous specters.
+Memory will become a place of torment and a ghastly chamber of horrors.
+We shall be the children of despondency and wretchedness.  Memory will
+be a graveyard; the past will give no light save the "will-o-the-wisp"
+light from putrescence and decay.  All the springs of joy will be
+poisoned by morbid griefs that keep open old wounds.  The city hath its
+offal heap where refuse matter is destroyed; each home its garret, the
+contents cast out at regular intervals; the individual throws away his
+old clothes, old tools, old vehicles.  Why should not the soul have its
+refuse valley--where the past is cast out of life and memory?
+
+Farmers' boys sometimes set steel traps by shocks of corn whither come
+quail and prairie chickens.  Stepping upon the traps, the cruel jaws
+close upon foot or wing and the bleeding bird beats out its life upon
+the frozen ground.  Memory often with cruel jaws holds men entrapped.
+A single error wrecks the whole life.  But once forgiven of God let the
+sin go.  Reflection upon past sins is good only so long as it produces
+revulsion from sin, and like a bow shoots the soul toward God and
+righteousness.  God is like a mother who forgives the child's sin into
+everlasting forgetfulness.  Man should be ashamed to remember what God
+forgets.  "I will cast your sins into the depth of the sea."  Someone
+says: "God receives the soul as the sea the bather, to return it
+cleansed--itself unsoiled."  Gather up, therefore, all thy sins--old
+wrongs, old hatreds, burning angers, memories of men's treachery; stuff
+them into a bag and heave them into the gulf of oblivion.  Your life is
+not in the past, but in the future.  "We are saved by hope."
+
+Multitudes may embitter their new year by undue reflections over
+opportunities neglected and lost in the past and denied in the present.
+Professor Agassiz tells of a friend who sold his farm in Pennsylvania
+for $5,000 to invest it in Dakota, and after losing all in the new home
+returned to find the German who purchased the homestead had found oil
+and great wealth in a swamp which he had tried to drain off.  An old
+gentleman recently told of his refusal in 1840 to accept as payment of
+a small note a lot on a corner in Chicago now worth a million dollars,
+and he shed bitter tears over the loss of property he never owned.
+When Ali Hafed heard of the diamonds in India he sold his estate and
+went forth to seek his fortune.  His successor, watering his camel in
+the garden, saw the gleam of gems in the white sand and discovered the
+Golconda mines.  Had Ali Hafed had eyes to see his would have been
+boundless treasure at home instead of poverty, starvation and death.
+These and similar legends stand for the opportunities that have gone
+forever.  How many neglected their opportunities for education; how
+they knocked unbidden at every door and no man opened.  Others were
+denied culture, and now feel they are unfulfilled prophecies.  Many by
+one error have injured eye or ear or lung or limb or nervous system.
+They grievously handicapped themselves.  Others by ingratitude,
+infidelity to trusts, treachery to friends, have poisoned happiness.
+Repentance is theirs, and also forgiveness, but not forgetfulness.  The
+past is full of bitterness.
+
+Let the dead past bury its dead.  The future is still ours.  The trees
+in October willingly let go their leaves to fall into the ditch.  Their
+life is not in last year's leaves, but in the infant buds that crowd
+the old leaves off.  Put forth new activities.  Open new furrows.  Sow
+new seed.  All the tomorrows are thine; but they are few and short.
+Fulfill his dictum who said: "I am as one going once across this vast
+continent; I would lean forth and sow as far as hand can scatter my
+seed.  Let the angels count the bundles."  No man should be discouraged
+in whom God believes, preserving him in life.  Let hope in God sweeten
+life's bitterness.
+
+Another enemy of hopefulness is found in nervous excesses and overwork.
+Men drain away their vitality.  Ambitions unduly stimulate the brain.
+Many break the laws of sleep and the laws of digestion and the laws of
+nerve sobriety.  They spend their brain capital.  Then they grow
+hopeless toward home and business.  Ill-health spreads a gloom over all
+life.  Every judgment is pessimistic; it could not be otherwise.  The
+jaundiced eye yellows the landscape.  The sweetest music rasps like a
+file upon the nervous ear.  Thomas Carlyle's pessimism was largely
+physical.  He overworked upon his life of Oliver Cromwell.  Maurice
+once said: "Carlyle believed in God down to the time of Oliver
+Cromwell."  Once, in a moment of depression, Lyman Beecher prayed:
+"Lord, keep us from despising our rulers, and help them to stop acting
+so we cannot help despising them."  Poor, nerve-racked Pascal, grew
+fearful lest his affection for his sister, who had nursed him through a
+long illness, was sinful.  One day he wrote in his journal: "Lord,
+forgive me for loving my dear sister so much!"  Afterward he drew his
+pen through the word "dear."  Hope and trust toward God go with health.
+Sickliness is not saintliness.  God cannot save by hope what man
+destroys by ill-health.
+
+Dean Stanley used hopefulness as a test of all systems of truth.
+Rightly so.  God is the God of hope, and his truth, like himself,
+carries the atmosphere of good cheer.  The falsity of medievalism
+appears in this--it robbed men of joy and gladness.  God was the center
+of darkness.  His throne was iron.  His heart was marble.  His laws
+were huge implements of destruction.  His penalties were red-hot cannon
+balls crashing along the sinner's pathway.  Repentance toward God was
+moving toward the arctics and away from the tropics.  Christianity was
+anything but "peace on earth, good will to men."
+
+Philosophers destroyed God's winsomeness.  The reformers came in to
+lead men away from medievalism back to God himself.  Men found hope
+again in redemptive love.  They saw that any conception of God that
+dispirited and depressed men was perverted and false.  No man hath done
+more to establish this fact than him who long ago said: "Any
+presentation of the gospel of Jesus Christ that does not come to the
+world as the balmy days of May comes to the unlocked northern zones;
+any way of preaching the love of God in Christ which is not as full of
+sweetness as the voice of the angels when they sang at the advent; any
+way of making known the proclamation of mercy which has not at least as
+many birds as there are in June and as many flowers as the dumb meadows
+know how to bring forth; any method of bringing before men the doctrine
+of salvation which does not make everyone feel, 'There is hope for me
+in God--in the divine plan, in the very nature of the organization of
+human life and society,' is spurious--is a slander on God and is
+blasphemy against his love."
+
+Hope hath her harvest also for teachers and reformers.  Often men think
+their work is squandered.  They seem to be sowing seed not upon the
+Nile, to find it again abundantly, but in midocean, to sink and come to
+naught.  Parents and teachers break their hearts, fearing their
+watchfulness and instruction have failed.  Men sow wheat and wait six
+months for a harvest; but they sow moral seed Sunday and on Monday whip
+their children because the seed has not ripened.  They forget that
+apples bitter in July may be sweet in August.  To-day's vice in the
+child is often to-morrow's virtue, as acid juices through frost become
+saccharine.  Yesterday the mother rocked a little angel in the cradle;
+to-day she moans: "Alas, that I should have rocked a little fox, a
+little serpent, a little wolf!"  To-morrow the child becomes a model of
+truth and integrity.
+
+The sage might have said: "It is good that woman should hope and wait."
+Truth's errand has always been a successful errand.  Not a single
+social truth or civic truth or moral truth has ever been lost out of
+the world.  Secrets of cruelty and fraud, secrets of oppression and sin
+perish, but nothing that makes life happier or better hath been
+forgotten.  We do not have to keep God and truth alive, they keep us
+alive.  Vegetable seeds can be killed, but not moral seeds.  When God
+issues his silent command to the earth flying into winter and wheels it
+back toward summer, it is given to no man to put a brake upon warmth;
+nor can he go up against the spring with swords and banners.  But
+easier this than staying the upward march of mankind.  God is abroad
+upon a mission of recovery.  Open thy hand, O publicist! and sow thy
+seed.  The seed shall perish, but not the harvest.
+
+Our childhood was pleased with the story of the old monk who was
+shipwrecked alone on a desert isle.  He always carried with him a few
+roots and seeds.  Planting these, he died, but sailors coming twenty
+years later found the isle waving with fruit trees.  To the beauty of
+this legend let us add the truth of one who has made all this land his
+debtor.  In 1801 a youth passed through western Pennsylvania.  He was
+collecting apple seeds with which to found orchards in the then
+unbroken states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan.  When he came
+to an open, sunny spot in the forest he would plant his seeds and
+protect them with a brush fence.  Years afterward new settlers found
+hundreds of these embryo orchards in the forests.  Thrice he floated
+his canoe laden with seeds down the Ohio to the settlers in Kentucky.
+To this brave man, called by our Congressional Record "Johnny
+Appleseed," whole states owe their wealth and treasure of vineyards and
+orchards.  This intrepid man is a beautiful type of all those who,
+passing through life's wastes, sow the land with God's eternal truths,
+whose leaves and fruits heal nations.  If God remembers the roots in
+dark forests he will not forget his truths in human hearts.  Therefore,
+sow thy seed.  Ye are saved by hope.
+
+The ground and basis of all hope whatsoever is God.  It is his good
+providence and redemptive love in Jesus Christ that make us optimists.
+Hope is not within the scope of our wisdom or culture or skill; and
+hope is not in our health or tool or treasure.  We journey into an
+unknown future.  It is not given to us to know what a day or an hour of
+the new year may bring forth.  How impotent are the wisest and
+strongest in the hour when we hear the sound of the ocean and in
+darkness ford the deep and dangerous river, beyond which is high and
+eternal noon.  What can the child on some great ocean steamer caught in
+a winter's storm do to overcome the tempest?  Can it drive the fierce
+blasts back to their northern haunts?  Can its little hand hold the
+wheel and guide the great ship?  Can its voice still the billows that
+can crush the steamer like an egg-shell?  Can its breath destroy the
+icy coat of mail that covers all the decks?  What the child can do is
+trust the Captain who has brought this same ship through a hundred hard
+storms.  It can rest and trust and hope.  And all we upon this great
+earth-ship have been caught, not in a storm, but in the gulf stream of
+God's providence.  The warm tropic currents sweep us on to the heavenly
+harbor.  The trade winds above aid the forward flight.  More than all
+else is the larger planetary movement that sweeps gulf stream, winds
+and ship onward towards the infinite.  Soon shall we enter into quiet
+waters and cast out our anchor.
+
+Looking forward, let us hope and cleanse all fear out of life--trust
+God, love him and rejoice.  Even our largest problems need not dispirit
+us.  Problems are not to be analyzed, but accepted.  He who analyzes a
+flower loses it.  He who cracks a diamond to see what it is, is without
+both gem and knowledge.  Life's great questions are seeds.  Plant a
+seed, then wait.  Some day the flower and fruit will explain the seed.
+It is well to lay aside difficult questions to be asked some day at the
+throne of God.  Then we will look back to smile at what now disturbs us
+exceedingly.  Remember the Russian Cathedral--travelers tell us the din
+and noise of the crowds thronging under the dome to those above the
+dome become a strain of soft music.  It is good to hope and wait.
+Because God lives and loves, man should enter the future as he enters
+temple or cathedral--to dedicate all its days to hope and aspiration.
+
+
+
+
+  INDEX.
+
+
+  Anti-slavery movement, the, Wilberforce, 211
+  Arnold, Benedict, 243
+  Arnold of Rugby, 189
+  Audubon, wife of, 98
+
+  Bacon; Pascal, 75
+  "Baucis and Philemon", 249
+
+  Caesar, the value of personality, 16
+  Carey, William, 171
+  Carlyle, wife of, 186
+  Christ, coming of, 122
+  Christian manhood, the, 259
+  Christ the supreme example, 30
+  Civilization, achievements of, 136
+  Civilization, Christ's promise for, 52
+  Classic writer, tale of a, 24
+  Culture, Character, Beauty, the secret of, 163
+
+  Darwin on Christian teachers, 168
+  Desert, oases of, 35
+  Divine Teacher, the, 177
+
+  England, career of, 253
+  England, orphan babes of, 210
+  English visitor, the, 148
+
+  Fame a holy ambition, 29
+  Faneuil, Peter, 215
+  Fathers, the; uprising of 1861, 55
+  Feeling and sentiment, 142
+  Forest, a--differing conceptions of, 60
+  Fourth century, the, 223
+  France--king of; Marie Antoinette; Carlyle, 63, 64
+  Friendship an open sesame, 231
+
+  Garfield, 158
+  Genius marred by absence of humble virtues, 207
+  Gentleness, lack of, 181
+  God, erroneous conception of, 191
+  God, man's attitude toward, 65
+  God, punishments of, 85
+  God the ground and basis of all hope, 194
+  God's world a good world, 36
+  Gough, John B., 144
+  Great hearts, 134
+  Greatness an accumulation of little deeds, 202
+  Grey, Jane, 201
+  Growth by accretion; from seed, 242
+
+  Heart and intellect, 138
+  Heart and the age of cruelty, 139
+  Heart transformations, 145
+  Heroism--the Divine Teacher; Henry Grady; Napier;
+    Browning; Ruskin, 92-95
+  Holland, greatness of; William the Silent, 170
+  Homer's ideal, Helen, 119
+  Hope and aspiration, functions of, 282
+  Hope, enemies of, 286
+  Hope long deferred, 112
+  Howard; Goodyear; Patteson, 79, 80
+  Hugo, Victor, 165
+  Human life, enemies of, 205
+  Humanity and social sympathy, 100
+
+  Industrial law the law of sacrifice, 161
+  Intelligence, ignorance, 125
+
+  Keats, 183
+  "Keep thou this man", 219
+  King Saul and the seer, 14
+
+  Labor, problem of, 124
+  Labor, fruition of, 127
+  Law of violence, the, 270
+  Life a column of days, 279
+  Life, problem of, 239
+  Life's better hours, 233
+  Lincoln, Abraham, 56
+  Livingstone, 180
+  Love, definition of, 264
+  Love and immortality, 275
+  Love the fulfillment of all ethical laws, 268
+  Lowly woman, career of a, 19
+
+  Man governed through hope, 280
+  Man, influence of for good or evil, 13
+  Man, the great destroyer, 23
+  Man, a force-producer, 25
+  Man, unpurposed influence of, 27
+  Moral retribution, 251
+
+  Nature, favors of, 71
+  Nature, mysterious workings of, 241
+  New womanhood, the, 98
+  Nerve and brain force, drain of, 255
+  "No man careth for my soul",  214
+
+  Opportunity, genius of, 220
+  Orations--American; humble heroes; parental sacrifice;
+    suffering of ancestors; a tribute to the early dead, 81-84
+
+  Patriot, the; scholar, the, 70
+  Peabody, George, 57
+  Phocion, patriot and martyr, 170
+  Pompeii, 229
+  Progress and civilization, law of, 166
+  Progress, mainspring of, 261
+  Prosperity, 230
+
+  Religion, man's idea of, 121
+  Religion perfected by love, 273
+  Retribution, harvest of, 245
+  Rosetta Stone, the, 197
+
+  Science and God, 204
+  Seas, secrets of, 73
+  Secret springs of civilization, 283
+  Self-sacrifice, law of, 159
+  Society, 58
+  Society, crying need of, 188
+  Society, progress of, 123
+  Spencer, Herbert, 270
+  Spiritual harvests, Milton's study of, 247
+  Strategic element, the, 225
+
+  The Christian the perfect gentleman, 262
+  The heart and religious belief, 147
+  The heart in industry, 151
+  The heart in civilization, 149
+  Thirteenth century, the, 224
+  Thought, liberty of, 78
+  Time-element, the; Robert Peel; honors are evanescent;
+    man's social and industrial life; realm of law and
+    liberty, 113-119
+  Time-element in business, 126
+  Turner, 182
+  Tyndall, 74
+
+  Unsupported intellect, impotency of, 140
+
+  Wealth and position--Lord Shaftesbury, 21
+  Wealth and poverty, 103
+  Webster, Daniel, 165
+  Widow's mite, the, 198
+  Wisdom, culture, character increased by hope, 285
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Investment of Influence
+by Newell Dwight Hillis
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