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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/17728-8.txt b/17728-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..70afe92 --- /dev/null +++ b/17728-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1990 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and +Instruction, Vol. 20, No. 577, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, Vol. 20, No. 577 + Volume 20, Number 577, Saturday, November 24, 1832 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: February 9, 2006 [EBook #17728] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + + +THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION. + +VOL. XX, No. 577.] SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 24, 1832. [PRICE 2d. + + * * * * * + + + + +[Illustration: DOMESTIC ANTIQUITIES.] + +DOMESTIC ANTIQUITIES. + + +The first of these archæological rarities is a pair of Snuffers, +found in Dorsetshire sixty-four years since, and engraved in Hutchins's +history of that county. They were discovered, says the historian, +"in the year 1768, in digging the foundation of a granary, at the +foot of a hill adjoining to Corton mansion house (formerly the seat +of the respectable family of the Mohuns), in the parish of St. Peter, +Portisham. They are of brass, and weigh six ounces: the great difference +between these and the modern utensils of the same nature and use is, +that these are in shape like a heart fluted, and consequently terminate +in a point. They consist of two equal lateral cavities, by the edges of +which the snuff is cut off, and received into the cavities, from which +it is not got out without particular application and trouble." + +"There are two circumstances attending this little utensil which seem to +bespeak it of considerable age: the roughness of the workmanship, which +is in all respects as crude and course as can be well imagined, and the +awkwardness of the form." + +So little is known of the comparatively recent introduction of snuffers +into this country, that the above illustration will be acceptable to the +observer of domestic origins and antiquities. See also _Mirror_, vol. +xi. p. 74. + +The KEY, annexed, was the property of Mr. Gough, the eminent +topographer, and is supposed to have been used as a passport by some of +the family of Stawel, whose arms it bears. + + * * * * * + + +LINES + +ADDRESSED TO A PARTY OF YOUNG LADIES VISITING THE CATACOMBS AT PARIS. + +(_From the French of M. Emanuel Dupaty_.) + +BY E.B. IMPEY, ESQ. + + + While life is young and pleasure new, + Ah! why the shades of Death explore? + Better, ere May's sweet prime is o'er, + The primrose path of joy pursue: + The torch, the lamps' sepulchral fire, + Their paleness on your charms impress, + And glaring on your loveliness, + Death mocks what living eyes desire. + Approach! the music of your tread + No longer bids the cold heart beat: + For ruling Beauty boasts no seat + Of empire o'er the senseless dead! + Yet, if their lessons profit aught, + Ponder, or ere ye speed away, + Those feet o'er flowers were form'd to stray, + No death-wrought causeway, grimly wrought, + Of ghastly bones and mould'ring clay. + To gayer thoughts and scenes arise; + Nor ever veil those sun-bright eyes + From sight of bliss and light of day-- + Save when in pity to mankind + Love's fillet o'er their lids ye bind. + + * * * * * + + +HOLLAND. + + +Holland derives its name from the German word _Hohl_, synonymous +with the English term hollow, and denoting a concave, or very hollow, +low country. + +This country originally formed part of the territory of the Belgæ, +conquered by the Romans, 47 years before Christ. A sovereignty, founded +by Thierry, first Count of Holland, A.D. 868, continued till the year +1417, when it passed, by surrender, to the Duke of Burgundy. In 1534, +being oppressed by the Bishop of Utrecht, the people ceded the country +to Spain. The Spanish tyranny being insupportable, they revolted, and +formed the republic called the United Provinces, by the Union of +Utrecht, 1579. When they were expelled the Low Countries by the Duke of +Alva, they retired to England; and having equipped a small fleet of +forty sail, under the command of Count Lumay, they sailed towards this +coast--being called, in derision, "_gueux_," or _beggars of the sea_. +Upon the duke's complaining to Queen Elizabeth, that they were pirates, +she compelled them to leave England; and accordingly they set sail for +Enckhuysen; but the wind being unfavourable, they accidentally steered +towards the isle of Voorn, attacked the town of Briel, took possession +of it, and made it the first asylum of their liberty. + +In 1585, a treaty was concluded between the States of Holland and +Queen Elizabeth; and Briel was one of the cautionary towns delivered +into her hands for securing the fulfilment of their engagements. It was +garrisoned by the English during her reign, and part of the next, but +restored to the States in 1616. + +The office of Stadtholder, or Captain-General of the United Provinces, +was made hereditary in the Prince of Orange's family, not excepting +females, 1747. A revolt was formed, but prevented by the Prussians, +1787. The country was invaded by the French in 1793, who took possession +of it January, 1795, and expelled the Stadtholder: it was erected into +a kingdom by the commands of Buonaparte, and the title of king given +to his brother Louis, June 5, 1806. Its changes since this period are +familiar to the reader of contemporary history. + +Lord Chesterfield, in his _Letters to his Son_, says--"Holland, +where you are going, is by far the finest and richest of the Seven +United Provinces, which, altogether, form the republic. The other +provinces are Guelderland, Zealand, Friesland, Utrecht, Groningen, +and Overyssel. These seven provinces form what is called the +States-General of the United Provinces: this is a very powerful, and a +very considerable republic. I must tell you that a republic is a free +state, without any king. You will go first to the Hague, which is the +most beautiful village in the world, for it is not a town. Amsterdam, +reckoned the capital of the United Provinces, is a very fine, rich city. +There are besides in Holland several considerable towns--such as Dort, +Haerlem, Leyden, Delft, and Rotterdam. You will observe throughout +Holland the greatest cleanliness: the very streets are cleaner than our +houses are here. Holland carries on a very great trade, particularly to +China, Japan, and all over the East Indies." + +P.T.W. + + * * * * * + + +THE HAWTHORN WELL. + + +[The following lines are associated with a singular species of +popular superstition which may in some measure, explain the "pale +cast of thought" that pervades them. They are written by a native of +Northumberland. "The Hawthorn Well," was a _Rag Well_, and so +called from persons formerly leaving rags there for the cure of +certain diseases. Bishop Hall, in his Triumphs of Rome, ridicules a +superstitious prayer of the Popish Church for the "blessing of clouts +in the way of cure of diseases;" and Mr. Brand asks, "Can it have +originated thence?" He further observes:--"this absurd custom is not +extinct even at this day: I have formerly frequently observed shreds or +bits of rag upon the bushes that overhang a well in the road to Benton, +a village in the vicinity of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, which, from that +circumstance, is now or was very lately called _The Rag Well_. This +name is undoubtedly of long standing: probably it has been visited for +some disease or other, and these rag-offerings are the relics of the +then prevailing popular superstition."--_Brand's Popular Antiquities_, +vol. ii. p. 270.] + + + "From hill, from dale, each charm is fled; + Groves, flocks, and fountains, please no more." + + + No joy, nor hope, no pleasure, nor its dream, + Now cheers my heart. The current of my life + Seems settled to a dull, unruffled lake, + Deep sunk 'midst gloomy rocks and barren hills; + Which tempests only stir and clouds obscure; + Unbrightened by the cheerful beam of day, + Unbreathed on by the gentle western breeze, + Which sweeps o'er pleasant meads and through the woods, + Stirring the leaves which seem to dance with joy. + No more the beauteous landscape in its pride + Of summer loveliness--when every tree + Is crowned with foliage, and each blooming flower + Speaks by its breath its presence though unseen-- + For me has charms; although in early days, + Ere care and grief had dulled the sense of joy, + No eye more raptured gazed upon the scene + Of woody dell, green slope, or heath-clad hill; + Nor ear with more delight drank in the strains + Warbled by cheerful birds from every grove, + Or thrilled by larks up-springing to the sky. + + From the hill side--where oft in tender youth + I strayed, when hope, the sunshine of the mind, + Lent to each lovely scene, a double charm + And tinged all objects with its golden hues-- + There gushed a spring, whose waters found their way + Into a basin of rude stone below. + A thorn, the largest of its kind, still green + And flourishing, though old, the well o'erhung; + Receiving friendly nurture at its roots + From what its branches shaded; and around + The love-lorn primrose and wild violet grew, + With the faint bubbling of that limpid fount. + + Here oft the shepherd came at noon-tide heat + And sat him down upon the bank of turf + Beneath the thorn, to eat his humble meal + And drink the crystal from that cooling spring. + Here oft at evening, in that placid hour + When first the stars appear, would maidens come + To fill their pitchers at the Hawthorn Well, + Attended by their swains; and often here + Were heard the cheerful song and jocund laugh + Which told of heart-born gladness, and awoke + The slumbering echoes in the distant wood. + + But now the place is changed. The pleasant path, + Which wound so gently up the mountain side + Is overgrown with bent and russet heath; + The thorn is withered to a moss-clad stump, + And the fox kennels where the turf-bank rose! + The primrose and wild violet now no more + Spread their soft fragrance round. The hollow stone + Is rent and broken; and the spring is dry! + + * * * * * + + But yesterday I passed the spot, in thought + Enwrapped--unlike the fancies which played round + My heart in life's sweet morning, bright and brief: + And as I stood and gazed upon the change, + Methought a voice low whispered in my ear: + "Thy destiny is linked with that low spring; + Its course is changed, and so for aye shall be + The tenor of thy life; and anxious cares, + And fruitless wishes, springing without hope, + Shall rankle round thy heart, like those foul weeds + Which now grow thick where flow'rets bloomed anew:-- + Like to that spring, thy fount of joy is dry!" + + + * * * * * + + + + +LINES + +_From the Italian of Scipione Maffèi_[1] + +BY E.B. IMPEY. + + + Quivi qual foste gia, non qual sarète. + Con diletto mirando, in onta agli anni + Vostre belle sembianze ancor vedrete. + + + Scorn not, dear maid, this fond but faithful lay, + That pictures, on no perishable page, + Thy beauties, rescued from the spoils of age, + To live and blossom with thy poet's bay: + For when remorseless Time brings on decay, + When the loath'd mirror shall no more engage + Thy smiles, distorted into grief and rage, + Alas! to think that youth must pass away-- + Then in these lines contented shall thou trace, + As in a lovelier glass, thy lasting charms, + Not as they shall be, but as now they grace, + Fresh in the bud of youth, these circling arms. + + + [1] The Marchese Scipione Maffèi was a native of Verona, contemporary + with Gio. Baptista Felice Zappi, Vincenzio di Filicaja, and other + Italian poets, who associated themselves together in an academy, + which they entitled Arcadia. The pastoral name conferred upon + the Marquess was Orilto Barentatico. + + _Vide Rime degli Arcadi, Venice_, MDCCLXXIX. + + * * * * * + + +LAWS RELATING TO BACHELORS. + +(_To the Editor._) + + +At page 53 of the present volume, your Correspondent "E.J.H." in his +remarks on "Laws relating to Bachelors," states at the conclusion +thereof as follows:-- + +"In England, bachelors are not left to go forgotten to their solitary +graves. There was a tax laid on them by the 7th William III., after the +25th year of their age, which was 12_l._ 10_s._ for a duke, +and 1_s._ for a commoner. At present they are taxed by an extra +duty upon their servants--for a male, 1_l._ 5_s._, for a female, +2_s._ 6_d._ above the usual duties leviable upon servants." + +Your Correspondent certainly must be in error upon these points, as the +additional duty to which bachelors in England are liable under the +present Tax Acts, for a male Servant, is only 1_l._ (the usual duty +leviable for such servant being 1_l._ 4 _s._); and there is +not, that I am aware of, any law in existence in England taxing any +person in respect of female servants. + +R.J. + +_Alton, Hants._ + + * * * * * + + + + +THE NATURALIST. + + +DEER OF NORTH-AMERICA, AND THE MODE OF HUNTING THEM. + +(_From Featherstonehaugh's Journal._) + + +Deer are more abundant than at the first settlement of the country. +They increase to a certain extent with the population. The reason of +this appears to be, that they find protection in the neighbourhood of +man from the beasts of prey that assail them in the wilderness, and from +whose attacks their young particularly can with difficulty escape. +They suffer most from the wolves, who hunt in packs like hounds, and +who seldom give up the chase until a deer is taken. We have often sat, +on a moonlight summer night, at the door of a log-cabin in one of our +prairies, and heard the wolves in full chase of a deer, yelling very +nearly in the same manner as a pack of hounds. Sometimes the cry would +be heard at a great distance over the plain: then it would die away, and +again be distinguished at a nearer point, and in another direction;--now +the full cry would burst upon us from a neighbouring thicket, and we +would almost hear the sobs of the exhausted deer;--and again it would be +borne away, and lost in the distance. We have passed nearly whole nights +in listening to such sounds; and once we saw a deer dash through the +yard, and immediately past the door at which we sat, followed by his +audacious pursuers, who were but a few yards in his rear.--Immense +numbers of deer are killed every year by our hunters, who take them for +their hams and skins alone, throwing away the rest of the carcass. +Venison hams and hides are important articles of export; the former are +purchased from the hunters at 25 cents a pair, the latter at 20 cents a +pound. In our villages we purchase for our tables the saddle of venison, +with the hams attached, for 37-1/2 cents, which would be something like +one cent a pound.--There are several ways of hunting deer, all of which +are equally simple. Most frequently the hunter proceeds to the woods on +horseback, in the day-time, selecting particularly certain hours, which +are thought to be most favourable. It is said, that, during the season +when the pastures are green, this animal rises from his lair precisely +at the rising of the moon, whether in the day or night; and I suppose +the fact to be so, because such is the testimony of experienced hunters. +If it be true, it is certainly a curious display of animal instinct. +This hour is therefore always kept in view by the hunter, as he rides +slowly through the forest, with his rifle on his shoulder, while his +keen eye penetrates the surrounding shades. On beholding a deer, the +hunter slides from his horse, and, while the deer is observing the +latter, creeps upon him, keeping the largest trees between himself and +the object of pursuit, until he gets near enough to fire. An expert +woodsman seldom fails to hit his game. It is extremely dangerous to +approach a wounded deer. Timid and harmless as this animal is at other +times, he no sooner finds himself deprived of the power of flight, than +he becomes furious, and rushes upon his enemy, making desperate plunges +with his sharp horns, and striking and trampling furiously with his +forelegs, which, being extremely muscular and armed with sharp hoofs, +are capable of inflicting very severe wounds. Aware of this +circumstance, the hunter approaches him with caution, and either secures +his prey by a second shot, where the first has been but partially +successful, or, as is more frequently the case, causes his dog to seize +the wounded animal, while he watches his own opportunity to stab him +with his hunting-knife. Sometimes where a noble buck is the victim, and +the hunter is impatient or inexperienced, terrible conflicts ensue on +such occasions. Another mode is to watch at night, in the neighbourhood +of the salt-licks. These are spots where the earth is impregnated with +saline particles, or where the salt-water oozes through the soil. Deer +and other grazing animals frequent such places, and remain for hours +licking the earth. The hunter secretes himself here, either in the thick +top of a tree, or most generally in a screen erected for the purpose, +and artfully concealed, like a mask-battery, with logs or green boughs. +This practice is pursued only in the summer, or early in the autumn, in +cloudless nights, when the moon shines brilliantly, and objects may be +readily discovered. At the rising of the moon, or shortly after, the +deer having risen from their beds approach the lick. Such places are +generally denuded of timber, but surrounded by it; and as the animal is +about to emerge from the shade into the clear moonlight, he stops, +looks cautiously around and snuffs the air. Then he advances a few +steps, and stops again, smells the ground, or raises his expanded +nostrils, as if "he snuffed the approach of danger in every tainted +breeze." The hunter sits motionless, and almost breathless, waiting +until the animal shall get within rifle-shot, and until its position, in +relation to the hunter and the light, shall be favourable, when he fires +with an unerring aim. A few deer only can be thus taken in one night, +and after a few nights, these timorous animals are driven from the +haunts which are thus disturbed. Another method is called +_driving_, and is only practised in those parts of the country +where this kind of game is scarce, and where hunting is pursued as an +amusement. A large party is made up, and the hunters ride forward with +their dogs. The hunting ground is selected, and as it is pretty well +known what tracts are usually taken by the deer when started, an +individual is placed at each of those passages to intercept the +retreating animal. The scene of action being in some measure, +surrounded, small parties advance with the dogs in different directions, +and the startled deer, in flying, generally fly by some of the persons +who are concealed, and who fire at them as they pass. + + * * * * * + + +WOLVES OF NORTH AMERICA. + +(_From Featherstonehaugh's Journal._) + + +Wolves are very numerous in every part of the state. There are two +kinds: the common or black wolf, and the prairie wolf. The former is +a large, fierce animal, and very destructive to sheep, pigs, calves, +poultry, and even young colts. They hunt in large packs, and after using +every stratagem to circumvent their prey, attack it with remarkable +ferocity. Like the Indian, they always endeavour to surprise their +victim, and strike the mortal blow without exposing themselves to +danger. They seldom attack man except when asleep or wounded. The +largest animals, when wounded, entangled, or otherwise disabled, become +their prey, but in general they only attack such as are incapable of +resistance. They have been known to lie in wait upon the bank of a +stream, which the buffaloes were in the habit of crossing, and, when one +of those unwieldy animals was so unfortunate as to sink in the mire, +spring suddenly upon it and worry it to death, while thus disabled +from resistance. Their most common prey is the deer, which they hunt +regularly; but all defenceless animals are alike acceptable to their +ravenous appetites. When tempted by hunger, they approach the +farm-houses in the night, and snatch their prey from under the very eye +of the farmer; and when the latter is absent with his dogs, the wolf is +sometimes seen by the females lurking about in mid-day, as if aware of +the unprotected state of the family. Our heroic females have sometimes +shot them under such circumstances. The smell of burning assafoetida +has a remarkable effect upon this animal. If a fire be made in the +woods, and a portion of this drug thrown into it, so as to saturate the +atmosphere with the odour, the wolves, if any are within the reach of +the scent, immediately assemble around, howling in the most mournful +manner; and such is the remarkable fascination under which they seem to +labour, that they will often suffer themselves to be shot down rather +than quit the spot. Of the very few instances of their attacking human +beings of which we have heard, the following may serve to give some idea +of their habits. In very early times, a Negro man was passing in the +night in the lower part of Kentucky from one settlement to another. The +distance was several miles, and the country over which he travelled +entirely unsettled. In the morning, his carcass was found entirely +stripped of flesh. Near it lay his axe, covered with blood, and all +around, the bushes were beaten down, the ground trodden, and the number +of foot-tracks so great, as to show that the unfortunate victim had +fought long and manfully. On following his track, it appeared that the +wolves had pursued him for a considerable distance; and that he had +often turned upon them and driven them back. Several times they had +attacked him, and been repelled, as appeared by the blood and tracks. +He had killed some of them before the final onset, and in the last +conflict had destroyed several; his axe was his only weapon. The _prairie +wolf_ is a smaller species, which takes its name from its habits, or +residing entirely upon the open plains. Even when hunted with dogs, it +will make circuit after circuit round the prairie, carefully avoiding +the forest, or only dashing into it occasionally when hard pressed, and +then returning to the plain. In size and appearance this animal is +midway between the wolf and the fox, and in colour it resembles the +latter, being of a very light red. It preys upon poultry, rabbits, young +pigs calves, &c. The most friendly relations subsist between this animal +and the common wolf, and they constantly hunt in packs together. Nothing +is more common than to see a large, black wolf in company with several +prairie wolves. I am well satisfied that the latter is the jackall of +Asia. Several years ago, an agricultural society, which was established +at the seat of government, offered a large premium to the person who +should kill the greatest number of wolves in one year. The legislature, +at the same time offered a bounty for each wolf-scalp that should be +taken. The consequence was, that the expenditure for wolf-scalps became +so great, as to render it necessary to repeal the law. These animals, +although still numerous, and troublesome to the farmer, are greatly +decreased in number, and are no longer dangerous to man. We know of no +instances in late years of a human being having been attacked by wolves. + + * * * * * + + +CEDAR TREES. + + +There are now growing on the grounds of Greenfield Lodge, two cedar +trees of the immense height of 150 feet; the girth of one is 11 ft. +7 in. and its branches extend 50 feet; the girth of the other is 8 ft. +7 in.--_Chester Chronicle._ + + * * * * * + + +GIGANTIC WHALE. + + +The skeleton of the whalebone whale which was cast ashore at North +Berwick last year, and whose measurement so far exceeds the ordinary +dimensions of animated nature as positively to require to be seen before +being believed, is now in course of preparation, and we believe will be +set up in such a manner as to enable scientific men to examine it with +every advantage. The baleen (commonly called whalebone) has been +prepared with infinite care and trouble, and will be placed in its +original section in the palate. If there be one part more remarkable +than another, it is the appearance of the baleen, or whalebone, when +occupying its natural position; the prodigious quantity (upwards of two +tons), and, at the same time, mechanical beauty connected with every +part of the unique mass, rendering it beyond the power of language to +describe, or give the slightest idea of it. The skull, or brainbone, was +divided vertically, with a view to convenience in moving the head (this +portion of the skeleton weighing eight tons). This section displayed the +cavity for containing the brain; and thus some knowledge of the sentient +and leading organ of an animal, the dimensions of whose instruments of +motion fill the mind with astonishment, will at last be obtained. +Results, unexpected, we believe, by most anatomists were arrived at. The +cavity (a cast of which will be submitted to the anatomical public) was +gauged or measured in the manner first invented and recommended by Sir +William Hamilton, and under that gentleman's immediate inspection; the +weight of the brain, estimated in this way, amounts to 54 lb. imperial +weight. The brain of the small whalebone whale, examined by Mr. Hunter +(the specimen was only 17 feet long), weighed about 4 lb. 10 oz.; the +brain of the elephant weighs between 6 lb. and 7 lb.; the human brain +from 3 lb. to 4 lb. The total length of the whale was 80 feet; and +although Captain Scoresby mentions one which he heard of which was said +to measure somewhat more than 100 feet, it is extremely probable that +this measurement had not been taken correctly. The whale examined by +Sir Robert Sibbald, nearly a century ago, measured exactly 78 feet; +"fourteen men could stand at one time in the mouth; when the tide rose, +a small boat full of men entered easily."--_Scotsman_. + +[The total length of the whale found dead on the coast of Belgium, in +1827, and whose skeleton was exhibited in London, during last year, was +95 feet.--See _Mirror_, vol. xviii. p. 104.] + + * * * * * + + +FALLS OF THE GENESEE. + +[Mr. Fergusson, in his Notes made during a visit to the United States +and Canada, in 1831, thus refers to the Genesee Falls, engraved in No. +562 of _The Mirror_, p. 97 of the present volume.] + + +Rochester is well known to all who take an interest in America, as a +remarkable instance of what may be done in the way of transition, and as +exhibiting in its streets a perfect sample of the progress from stumps +to steeples. It is certainly an interesting place, and presents a busy +scene of manufacturing and commercial enterprise. My time being limited, +I immediately procured a _cicerone_, and proceeded to walk over the +town, concluding with the banks of the river, where there is a powerful +fall upon the Genesee, about 90 feet in height, forming a most romantic +scene, and which may be fairly denominated the parent of Rochester, as +the mill power which it supplies has brought the whole affair into +existence. There are also sulphur springs and baths in the town of some +repute. + +A splendid aqueduct carries the canal here across the river by ten +arches. It is also at present in contemplation to unite the Genesee and +Alleghany rivers, by a canal of more than 100 miles in extent, and which +would open up a valuable trade with the upper part of the Ohio Valley. +I have no doubt that it will be carried into effect, or perhaps a +railroad substituted. Close upon the verge of the precipice at the fall, +is observed a small islet or green knoll, from whence poor Sam Patch +took his final plunge. Sam, it would seem, was no subscriber to the +tenets of the Temperance Society, for upon this occasion his perceptions +were far from being clear; and having neglected to spring in his usual +adroit style, the unlucky wight never again appeared. The interest which +this poor creature excited, both here and at Niagara, was astonishing. +His very exit (than which nothing could be more natural) was considered +somewhat mysterious, as his body was not found; and some time subsequent +to the event, a fellow of a waggish disposition happening to be +accidentally in that part of the country, and bearing, it is said, a +singular resemblance to Patch, was stopped by a Rochester-man on the +road, and questioned on the subject. The stranger immediately saw a fair +opening for fun, and, _after some hesitation, reluctantly confessed_ +that he was actually _Sam himself_; but that, for particular +reasons, his being alive must be kept a profound secret, until a day he +named, when he would make a public appearance in Rochester, and that he +trusted to the fidelity of the person who had discovered him not to +mention the circumstance, meantime, to any living being. _As a matter +of course_, it was speedily confided, in like manner, to the whole +population; and on the appointed day, crowds assembled to laugh at the +credulity of one another. A poor tradesman of the town had taken +wilfully the same fatal leap, only on the day preceding my visit. Many +of the poor Indians are lost over the fall, when rum has been in plenty. +A squaw was observed upon one occasion, with her canoe absorbed in the +current, and she herself utterly insensible to the danger. Warned at +last by loud exclamations from the banks, she roused herself, only to +behold the frightful chasm before her, when, perceiving all hope of +escape to be vain, and every effort fruitless, she coolly finished off +the contents of her bottle, and plunged into the abyss.--See _Quart. +Journ. Agric._ No. 18. + + * * * * * + + + + +ANECDOTE GALLERY. + + +SATIN STONE NECKLACES. + +These beautiful ornaments of polished fluorspar--first made and brought +into fashion, we believe, by the late Mr. Mawe, of the Strand--are even +more appreciated by our Gallic neighbours than by ourselves. We have +been in society where the attention and admiration of a gallant French +gentleman was ludicrously divided between the attractions of a lady's +face and her satin-stone necklace. Some years since, the Duchess de +Berri, it is said, purchased various ornaments of this description and +material, to a considerable amount, which she wore, either upon, or +immediately subsequent to, her marriage. On the fatal night of the Duke +de Berri's assassination, the Duchess happened (so goes the story) to be +wearing one of these identical purchases; and, in consequence, upon the +anniversary of her widowhood, and on other occasions when peculiarly +depressed in spirits, never fails to put on a satin-stone necklace, as +a memento of the hours of her bridal and deprivation. Louis XVIII. +purchased, when in England, a large stock of these delicate, white +necklaces, which, on returning to France, he disposed off amongst his +admiring fair _noblesse_, by gift or purchase. + + * * * * * + + +DUELLING IN FRANCE. + +Different versions of the following anecdotes, respecting Mr. G---- (an +English officer), may be abroad, but we give them as detailed to us:-- + +Mr. G----, a young English _militaire_ of fashion and spirit, not a +great while since, had the fortune to fight a couple of duels in Paris, +under circumstances rather curious. He was acquainted with a French +gentleman, whom nature had endowed with more tongue than with discretion +and good principles;--in fact, it came to the ears of Mr. G----, that +the loquacious Gaul was a revolutionist in politics, a professed atheist +in religion, and (how could it happen otherwise?) a man devoid of the +most ordinary principles of honour, probity, and social decencies. He +was in the habit of slandering and vituperating, in the most violent +manner; and, in the well-thronged _cafés_ and _salons_ of the +French capital, not only his _bon ami_ Mr. G----, but everything +and everybody _English_, until our young officer, provoked by his +insolence beyond all patience, taking the advice of a friend, challenged +him. The Gaul, affecting to be highly irritated, at first protested that +"he would never consent to _degrade_ himself by fighting any of the +d--d English;" and, with horrid imprecations, parodied Caligula's +memorable malice, by wishing that "all the cursed members of that +infernal nation were but one body, which he might destroy at a shot!" +However, that no imputation might rest on his courage, he consented to +meet his adversary--for whom, by the way, he expressed the most thorough +contempt--next morning, at the _Bois de Boulogne_. They met; and +this miserable man received the reward of his perfidy and malice, by a +ball through his heart! + +Some days after this affair, Mr. G---- being grossly insulted by another +French gentleman--a notorious duellist, and, if we mistake not, an ally +of the deceased--felt himself obliged to notice the affront in a similar +manner. Monsieur ---- treated the challenge with supreme contempt, +begged to assure Mr. G---- that he was a dead man if they met, but +professed himself much at his service if he was really bent on quitting +this world, and thought the most appropriate spot for so doing would be +the _Champs d'Elysées_. Thither next morning the parties repaired. +Mr. G---- found his antagonist already on the ground, and amusing +himself by firing at a mark: viz.--his glove, attached to the branch of +a tree, which he shot at with such precision as to send his bullet, at +every successive trial, through the aperture in the glove made by the +first. Monsieur was, in truth, a splendid and formidable marksman. Mr. +G----, in preparing for the duel, happening to cast his eyes on his +adversary, perceived that he had slily placed his arm in such a +position, as must ensure, on the _honourable_ gentleman's fire, the +fulfilment of his vaunt to make him "a dead man." No time was to be +lost; the young Englishman's life depended upon dispatch; and, instantly +firing, he proved himself as good a marksman as Monsieur ----, by +sending his ball, with the utmost precision, through the wily +manoeuvrer's elbow, from whence it passed into his side; and he +dropped down, disabled, if not dead. Thus did British spirit twice +humble, in a remarkable manner, French insolence and presumption! + + * * * * * + + +A DISTINCTION. + +"La-a-dy * *," exclaimed a certain Colonel, in that very original Scotch +brogue which a long acquaintance with the world has not tended in any +degree to diminish, "alloo me to introduce you to my brother, Carnal +M---- ----." "What!" asked the lady, "are you both Colonels?" +"Oo--ay--La-a-dy * *, that are we, in troth; but the daff'rence is this, +my brother, you see, is _Carnal_" (Lieutenant-colonel he intended +to express), "and _I_--am _fool_ Carnal!" + +M.L.B. + + * * * * * + + + + +MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. + + +PETER PENCE + +Were an ancient levy, or tax, of a penny on each house throughout +England, paid to the Pope. It was called _Peter-pence_ because +collected on the day of _St. Peter ad vincula_. By the Saxons it +was called _Rome-feoh_--_i.e._ the fee of Rome; and also _Rome-scot_, +and _Rome-pennying_, because collected and sent to Rome;--and lastly, +it was called _Hearth-money_, because every dwelling-house was liable +to it, provided there were thirty-pence _vivæ pecuniæ_ belonging to +it;--nay, and every religious house, the Abbey of St. Alban's alone +excepted. + +This Peter-pence was at first given as a pension, or alms, by Ina, king +of the West Saxons, in the year 727, being then in pilgrimage at Rome; +and the like was done by Offa, king of the Mercians, throughout his +dominions, in 794; and afterwards by Ethelwulph, through the whole +kingdom, in the year 855. + +It was not intended as a tribute to the Pope, but chiefly for the +support of the English school, or college, at Rome. The popes, however, +shared it with the college, and at length found means, to appropriate +it to themselves. + +At first it was only an occasional contribution; but it became at last a +standing tax, being established by the laws of King Canute, Edward the +Confessor, the Conqueror, &c. The bishops, who were charged with the +collecting it, employed the rural deans and archdeacons therein. + +Edward III. first forbade the payment; but it soon after returned, and +continued till the time of Henry VIII., when Polydore Virgil resided +here as the Pope's receiver general. It was abolished under that prince, +and restored again under Philip and Mary; but it was finally prohibited +under Queen Elizabeth. + +WALTER E.C. + + * * * * * + + +POPISH RELICS. + +Ere the bright dawn of the Reformation lighted upon England, the +furniture of churches appears, from ancient records, to have been of +a splendid description; and vast sums are stated to have been lavished +upon the images of saints, &c. Great Saint Mary's Chapel, Cambridge, is +in the possession of an inventory of the goods and chattels possessed +by that ancient edifice in the 19th year of Henry VII., of which the +following is a transcript:-- + +"_Item_--A coat of tawney damask, purfled with velvet, appertaining to +our Lady. + +"_Item_--A coat for her son, of the same satin, purfled with black +velvet, and spangled with gold. + +"_Item_--A relic, called a box of silver with the oil of St. Nicholas. + +"_Item_--Another little box of silver, with a bone of St. Lawrence. + +"_Item_--A shoe of silver for the image of our Lady, and a piece of a +penny, weighing in all two ounces in a box. + +"_Item_--An image of our Lady and her Son, of copper and gilt, with a +chrystal stone. + +"_Item--A collar of gold_ for to hang about our Lady's neck, of nine +links in the collar. + +"_Item_--A cap of black velvet, with fine pearl, for our Lady's son. + +"_Item_--Two maces for St. Edmund. + +"_Item_--Three small crowns for St. Katherine. + +"_Item_--A cross and staff for St. Nicholas." + +The orthography of this extract has been modernized, but the _idiom_ +(if any) has been retained. + +JUVENIS. + + * * * * * + + +ANCIENT CHAIR. + +This curious relic is traditionally called _the Prior's Chair_, and +belonged to the priory of Southwick, which formerly stood near +Portsmouth, in Hampshire. It is made of oak, its several parts being +fastened together with small wooden pegs. On the back of the chair, +within a square panel, is carved an animal somewhat resembling a buck, +which was probably the armorial bearing of the prior; as it was +anciently, and is now, the custom to carve or paint on chairs placed in +halls or other conspicuous places, the crest or arms of the proprietor. +Above the panel are two mitres, and on each side of the arms of the +chair is a rose, ornamented with rays issuing from its centre. This +ancient specimen of furniture is extremely interesting as a specimen of +the mechanical ingenuity of the age in which it was constructed, and as +the only vestige of the establishment to which it was annexed. Upon part +of the Priory buildings being taken down, a few years since, the Chair +with other old furniture found on the premises, was sold by auction, +when it was rescued from the hands of a person who was bidding for it +as a smoking chair, by a gentleman, who allowed a drawing to be taken +of it. Of the Priory of Southwick very scanty information is to be +obtained: no mention of it is to be found in the _Monasticon_: but +Sir Robert Atkyns, in his history of Gloucestershire, says that it was +founded by Henry I. and dedicated to St. Mary. It was for canons regular +of the order of St. Augustine. The last prior surrendered this convent +on the 7th of April, 1539: it was valued in the catalogue of religious +houses at 257_l_. + +[Illustration] + + * * * * * + + +ANTIQUE KNIFE-HANDLE. + +[Illustration] + +This was found about 20 years since, at the manorhouse of Lake, near +Amesbury, in Wiltshire. The handle consists of two figures, a warrior +and a female: it was probably the haft of a small knife or dagger, +is made of brass, and considering its great antiquity, is in good +preservation. The features of the figures are the parts mostly injured +by wear; the female holds in the right hand a small bag or purse, +the custom of carrying which fell into disuse in the days of Queen +Elizabeth. This ancient haft is, however, most likely of an age +considerably anterior to the above reign, and from the costume in +general, and the simple cross hilt of the sword attached to the +warrior's side, it may not unjustly claim a date coeval with the +Crusades. + + +ANCIENT BELL. + +[Illustration] + +[Illustration: (Handle.)] + +This Bell, as the motto (_God save the Queen_, 1560,) explains, is +of the age of Elizabeth. The handle is of considerably older date, and +probably belonged to a mass-bell, as it bears the effigies of a devotee, +holding her beads, and a cross. Indeed, the prayer for the Queen, on the +Bell, in English, would indicate its subsequent age. This curious relic +was a few years since in the possession of the Rev. Mr. Crutwell, a name +distinguished in topographical and antiquarian literature. + + * * * * * + + +FALCONRY TENURE. + +The manorial rights of Comberton, in the county of Cambridge, were +formerly held by the lord, being the keeper of the king's falcons. A +record of the year 1374 says, that the manor was held "by the service +of carrying a goshawk at _coronations_."--JUVENIS. + + * * * * * + + + + +THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. + + +FUNERAL OF SIR WALTER SCOTT.--BY AN EYE-WITNESS. + +(_Abridged from Tait's Edinburgh Magazine._) + +When we arrived at the ford, which gave its fancied name to the poet's +dwelling, we found the silver Tweed sparkling merrily along, as if all +things were as they were wont to be. The young woods before us, and the +towers, and gables, and pinnacles of the mansion, were smiling beneath +the mellowing rays of the September sun, as if unconscious that the +master-spirit which called them into being had for ever fled from them. +The sound of wheels came on the ear at intervals, rushing from different +directions, and indicating the frequent arrival of carriages; yet when +we, availing ourselves of the open doors, had taken our well-known way +through the garden, and passed beneath the Gothic screen that might have +vied with the Beautiful Gate of the Temple itself, and on into the +courtyard in front of the house, we were surprised to find it deserted +and lonely. Before any one came to interrupt us, we had leisure to gaze +around, and to wonder at the great growth of the trees and shrub's since +we had last beheld them; and as we did so, the venerable shade of him +who had last walked there with us, filled our imagination and our +eyes--shifted with them as they shifted;--and as it glided around +us, it recalled to our full hearts a thousand pleasing and touching +recollections. But our dreams were at length abruptly broken, by the +appearance of some of our acquaintances, who issued from the house; and +the sight of their weeds of woe immediately recalled our thoughts to the +garb of grief which we also wore, and to the sad object of our present +visit. + +Passing through the Gothic hall, we met with no one till we entered +the library, where we found a considerable circle of gentlemen already +assembled: these were chiefly from the neighbouring districts; but there +were a few whom we recognised as having come from Edinburgh, and other +places equally distant. Obscured within the shadow of one of the +book-cases, we remained ruminating as if we had been absolutely alone, +until we were interrupted by a summons to the drawing-room, where +certain refreshments were prepared for those who had any inclination +to partake of them. But we must confess our natural antipathy to all +such mournful feasts; we therefore declined to join in this; and after +catching, as well as our position near the door allowed us to do, a +few stray sentences of a prayer, which was feelingly offered up by the +parish clergyman, we became so oppressed by the heat of the room, that +we ventured to steal away to enjoy the air in the porch. + +That porch was soon tenanted in our imagination by that venerable ideal +image which we had been all this while courting to our side. With it +we continued to hold sacred communion--with it we looked, as we had +formerly done with the reality, on the effigy of _Maida;_[2] and +the harsh truth that Maida's master was now as cold as Maida itself, +went rudely home to our hearts. But footsteps came slowly and heavily +treading through the small armoury: they were those of the servants +of the deceased, who, with full eyes, and yet fuller hearts, came +reverently bearing the body of him whose courteous welcome had made +that very porch so cheerful to us. We were the only witnesses of this +usually unheeded part of the funeral duties: accident had given to us a +privilege which was lost to the crowd within. We instinctively uncovered +our heads, and stood subdued by an indescribable feeling of awe as the +corpse was carried outwards; and we felt grateful, that it had thus +fallen to our lot to behold the departure of these the honoured and +precious remains of Sir Walter Scott from the house of Abbotsford, where +all his earthly affections had been centered. The coffin was plain and +unpretending, covered with black cloth, and having an ordinary plate on +it, with this inscription, "Sir Walter Scott, of Abbotsford, Bart., aged +62." "Alas!" said we, as we followed the precious casket across the +courtyard--"alas! have these been the limits of so valuable a life?" + +Having followed the coffin until we saw it deposited in the hearse, +which stood on the outside of the great gate of the courtyard, we felt +ourselves unequal to returning into the apartment where the company were +assembled; and we continued to loiter about, seeking for points of +recollection which might strengthen the chain of association we wished +to indulge in. Our attention was attracted, by observing the window of +the study open, and we were led to look within, impelled by no idle or +blameable curiosity, but rather like a pilgrim approaching the shrine +where his warmest adoration has ever been paid. But, alas I the deep +tones of the venerable old Principal Baird, whose voice was heard in +earnest and impressive prayer, came upon us through an opposite door, +from the library beyond; and the affecting allusions which he uttered +again brought us back to the afflicting truth, that Sir Walter Scott was +gone from us for ever! + +The prayer was no sooner ended, than the company began to issue from +the house. The carriages had been previously assembled on the haugh +below, and were so arranged there, that they drove up in a continued +line; and as each passed the great gateway, it took up its owners, +and then proceeded. There certainly were not less than seventy +gentlemen's carriages of all descriptions, two-wheeled as well as +four-wheeled,--besides which there were a number of horsemen. The public +road runs along the face of the hill, immediately above the house, in a +direction from west to east; and the avenue leading from the gate of the +courtyard runs up the hill in a westerly direction, entering the public +road so obliquely as to produce a very awkward turn for carriages going +eastward towards Melrose. Until we had passed this point some little way +we could form no notion of the extent of the procession; but when we +were thus enabled to form some judgment of it, we perceived that it had +extended itself over about a mile of road. + +Ere yet we had left the immediate vicinity of the house, we discovered a +mournful group of women-servants weeping behind the hedge on our left, +whither they had hurried to take their last look of that hearse which +was carrying to the grave a kind and indulgent master, whose like they +had no hope ever to look upon again. + +The elevation of the road on the hill-side was such as to give us a full +view of the valley, and we could observe that the summit of many of the +little knolls at a distance, even those beyond the Tweed, were covered +with small clusters of rustic gazers, all intent upon a spectacle +equally calculated to move persons of every rank and description; and +every now and then we found a little knot of spectators assembled by the +way-side, whose motionless countenances and unbroken silence +sufficiently testified the nature of their feelings. + +As we approached the neat little village of Darnick, our attention was +forcibly arrested by a very striking token of woe. On the top of an +ancient tower--one of those, we believe, which Sir Walter has rendered +classical--was placed a flag-staff, from which depended a broad, black +banner of crape, or some other light material. There was not a breath +of air to stir the film of a gossamer, so that light as the material +seemed to be, it hung heavy and motionless--a sad and simple emblem, +that eloquently spoke the general village sorrow. This we found more +particularly expressed in detail, as we passed through the little +place, by the many minuter insignia of mourning which the individual +inhabitants had put on the fronts of their houses and shops--by the +suspension of business--and by the respectful manner in which the young +and the old, and people of both sexes, stood silently and reverently +before their respective dwellings, wrapt in that all-absorbing sorrow +which told how deeply he that was gone had rooted himself in their +affections. When the hearse drew near to his own Melrose, the bell +tolled sadly from the steeple of the church; and as we entered the +street, we saw that here, as elsewhere, the inhabitants had vied with +each other in unaffected and unpretending demonstrations of their +individual affliction. In the little market-place we found the whole +male population assembled, all decently dressed in deep mourning, +drawn up in two lines, and standing with their hats off, silent and +motionless. The effect of the procession when crossing the Fly Bridge +over the Tweed, and still more when winding around that high and long +sweep of the road which is immediately opposite to the promontory of Old +Melrose, was extremely striking and picturesque; and the view, looking +back from the high ground towards the Eildon hills and Melrose, over +the varied vale of the Tweed, till the eye was arrested by the distant +mountains, then seen under a rich Claude effect; and the devious course +of the river, betrayed by fragments of water that sparkled here and +there amid the yellow stubbles and green pastures, was exquisitely +beautiful. But nothing gave so much interest to this glorious scene +as the far-off woods of Abbotsford, then dimmed by the warm haze, and +melting, as it were, from their reality, and so reminding us even yet +more forcibly of the fleeting nature of all the things of this +perishable world. + +Having descended from our elevation, we entered the grounds of Dryburgh. +These occupy a comparatively level space, embraced by a bold sweep of +the Tweed, where the house of Dryburgh and the picturesque ruins of +Dryburgh Abbey, standing about two hundred yards distant from it, are +surrounded by groups of noble trees of all sorts, rare as well as +common; and among them the cedar is seen to throw out his gigantic limbs +with that freedom and vigour which could only be looked for on his +native Lebanon. The hearse drew up close to the house of Dryburgh; and +the, company, having quitted their carriages, pressed eagerly towards +it, Not one word was spoken; but, as if all had been under the influence +of some simultaneous instinct, they decently and decorously formed +themselves into two lines. The servants of the deceased, resolved that +no hireling should lay hands on the coffin of their master, approached +the hearse. Amongst these, the figure of the old coachman who had driven +Sir Walter for so many years was peculiarly remarkable, reverentially +bending to receive the coffin. No sooner did that black casket appear, +which contains all that now remains of the most precious of Scotia's +jewels, than, with downcast eyes and with countenances expressive of +the deepest veneration, every individual present took off his hat. +A moment's delay took place, whilst the faithful and attached servants +were preparing to bear the body, and whilst the relatives were arranging +themselves around it in the following order:-- + + + HEAD. + Major Sir WALTER SCOTT, eldest son of the deceased. + + RIGHT. LEFT. + + CHARLES SCOTT, T J.G. LOCKHART, Esq., + second Son. H Son-in-Law. + E + CHARLES SCOTT, JAMES SCOTT, Esq., + of Nesbitt, Cousin. of Nesbitt, Cousin. + B + WILLIAM SCOTT, Esq., O ROBERT RUTHERFORD, Esq., + of Raeburn, Cousin. D W.S., Cousin. + Y + Colonel RUSSELL, . HUGH SCOTT, Esq., + of Ashiesteel, Cousin. of Harden. + + FOOT. + WILLIAM KEITH, Esq., of Edinburgh. + + +When all were in their places, the bearers moved slowly forward, +preceded by two mutes in long cloaks, carrying poles covered with crape; +and no sooner had the coffin passed through the double line formed by +the company than the whole broke up, and followed in a thick press. +At the head was the Rev. J. Williams, rector of the Edinburgh Academy, +dressed in his canonicals as a clergyman of the Church of England; and +on his left hand walked Mr. Cadell, the well-known publisher of the +Waverley Works. There was a solemnity as well as a simplicity in the +whole of this spectacle which we never witnessed on any former occasion. +The long-robed mutes--the body, with its devotedly-attached and +deeply-afflicted supporters and attendants--the clergyman, whose +presence indicated the Christian belief and hopes of those assembled--and +the throng of uncovered and reverential mourners stole along beneath the +tall and umbrageous trees with a silence equal to that which is believed +to accompany those visionary funerals which have their existence only in +the superstitions of our country. The ruined Abbey disclosed itself +through the trees; and we approached its western extremity, where a +considerable portion of vaulted roof still remains to protect the poet's +family place of interment, which opens to the sides in lofty Gothic +arches, and is defended by a low rail of enclosure. At one extremity +of it, a tall, thriving young cypress rears its spiral form. Creeping +plants of different kinds, "with ivy never sere," have spread themselves +very luxuriantly over every part of the Abbey. Amongst other +decorations, we observed a plum-tree, which was, perhaps, at one period, +a prisoner, chained to the solid masonry, but which having long since +been emancipated, now threw out its wild, pendant branches, laden with +purple fruit, ready to drop, as if emblematical of the ripening and +decay of human life. + +In such a scene as this, then, it was, that the coffin of Sir Walter +Scott was set down on trestles placed outside the iron railing; and here +that solemn service, beginning with those words so cheering to the souls +of Christians, "I am the resurrection and the life," was solemnly read +by Mr. Williams. The manly, soldier-like features of the chief mourner, +on whom the eyes of sympathy were most naturally turned, betrayed at +intervals the powerful efforts which he made to master his emotions, as +well as the inefficiency of his exertions to do so. The other relatives +who surrounded the bier were deeply moved; and amid the crowd of weeping +friends no eye and no heart could be discovered that was not altogether +occupied in that sad and impressive ceremonial which was so soon to shut +from them for ever him who had been so long the common idol of their +admiration, and of their best affections. * * * + +It was not until the harsh sound of the hammers of the workmen who were +employed to rivet those iron bars covering the grave to secure it from +violation, had begun to echo from the vaulted roof, that some of us were +called to the full conviction of the fact, that the earth had for ever +closed over that form which we were wont to love and reverence; that eye +which we had so often seen beaming with benevolence, sparkling with wit, +or lighted up with a poet's phrenzy; those lips which we had so often +seen monopolizing the attention of all listeners, or heard rolling out, +with nervous accentuation, those powerful verses with which his head was +continually teeming; and that brow, the perpetual throne of generous +expression and liberal intelligence. Overwhelmed by the conviction of +the afflicting truth, men moved away without parting salutation, singly, +slowly, and silently. Tho day began to stoop down into twilight; and we, +too, after giving a last parting survey to the spot where now repose the +remains of our Scottish Shakspeare--a spot lovely enough to induce his +sainted spirit to haunt and sanctify its shades--hastily tore ourselves +away. + + [2] A celebrated stag-hound, which Sir Walter received from Glengarry. + + * * * * * + + +EFFECTS OF FASHIONABLE MANNERS AND CUSTOMS UPON SERVANTS AND TRADESMEN. + +(_Concluded from page 332._) + +The operation of the habits of fashionable life upon the class of +tradesmen whose custom lies in that direction, is not less injurious. +People of fashion are for the most part improvident: but even when +they are not so in the long run, it seems to be their pride to be +wantonly and perversely disorderly in the conduct of their pecuniary +transactions. The result of this to themselves is not here the point in +question, although there are few things which in their effects are more +certain to pervade the entire moral structure of the mind than habits +of order and punctuality, especially in money matters; nor is there +anything to which character and honour are more likely to give way than +to pecuniary difficulties. But we would speak of the consequences to the +tradesmen with whom they deal. In proportion to the delays which the +tradesman has had to contend with in procuring payment of the account, +is the degree of laxity with which he may expect to be favoured in the +examination of the items; especially if he have not omitted the visual +means of corrupting the fidelity of the servants. The accuracy of a bill +of old date is not in general very easily ascertainable, and it would +seem to be but an ungracious return for the accommodation which the +creditor has afforded, if the debtor were to institute a very strict +inquisition into the minutiæ of his claims. These considerations concur +with the habitual carelessness and indolence of people of fashion, as +inducements to them to lead their tradesmen into temptation. + +Again, people of fashion, though (with occasional coarse exceptions) +very _civil-spoken_ to their tradesmen, are accustomed to show in their +conduct an utter disregard of what amount of trouble, inconvenience, and +vexation of spirit they may occasion, either by irregularity in paying +their bills, by requiring incessant attendance, or by a thousand +fanciful humours, changes of purpose, and fastidious objections. +Possibly, indeed, they are very little aware of the amount of it; so +inconsiderate are they of everything which is not made to dance before +their eyes, or to appeal to their sensibilities through their senses. +Their tradesmen, and the workmen whom their tradesmen employ, are +compelled, those by the competition they encounter in their business, +these by the necessities of their situation in life, to submit to all +the hardships and disquietudes which it is possible for fashionable +caprice to impose, without showing any sign of disturbance or +discontent; and because there is no outcry made, nor any pantomime +exhibited, the fashionable customer may possibly conceive that he +dispenses nothing but satisfaction among all with whom he deals. He +rests assured, moreover, that if he gives more trouble and inconvenience +than others _he pays for it_; the charges of the tradesmen of +fashionable people being excessively high. Here, however there is a +distinction to be taken. There is no doubt that all the fantastical +plagues and preposterous caprices which the spirit of fashion can +engender, will be submitted to for money; but he who supposes that the +outward submission will be accompanied by no inward feelings of +resentment or contempt, either is wholly ignorant of human nature, or +grossly abuses his better judgment. Between customer and tradesman the +balance is adjusted; between man and man there is an account which money +will not settle. It is not indeed to be desired, that any class of men +should be possessed With such a spirit of venal servility, as to be +really insensible to the folly and oppression which enters into the +exactions of fashionable caprice; or that, however compelled to be +obsequious in manner, they should altogether lose their perception of +what is due to common sense and to common consideration for others-- + + "And by the body's action teach the mind + A most inherent baseness." + + +If such be the actual result in some instances, then is that consequence +still more to be regretted than the other. + +Moreover, if the master-tradesmen are willing to sell themselves into +this slavery, the consequence, to the much more numerous classes of +apprentices and journeymen, remains to be taken into the account. The +apprentices, at least, are not paid for the hardships which ensue to +them. There is an occurrence mentioned by George Alexander Steevens, of +a fashionable frequenter of taverns in his time, who threw the waiter +out of the window, and told the landlord to put him into the bill. Had +the landlord himself been the party ejected, this might or might not +have been a satisfactory proceeding, according to the light in which he +might be disposed to regard a contusion or a fracture. But it will +hardly be contended that such a proceeding could be satisfactory to the +waiter. Yet, we may seriously say, that the fate of the waiter was not +more to be deprecated, than that of some descriptions of the apprentices +of the trades-people who contend for the custom of the fashionable +world. + +Many is the milliner's apprentice whom every London season sends to +her grave, because the dresses of fine ladies must be completed with a +degree of celerity which nothing but night-labour can accomplish. To the +question, "When must it be done?" "Immediately;" is the readiest answer; +though it is an answer which would perhaps be less inconsiderately and +indiscriminately given, if it were known how many young creatures have +come to a premature death in consequence of it, and how many hearts have +been hardened by the oppression which it necessitates. Nor does the evil +stop there. The dressmakers' apprentices in a great city have another +alternative; and it is quite as much to escape from the intolerable +labours which are imposed upon them in the London season, as from any +sexual frailty, that such multitudes of them adopt a vocation which +affords some immediate relief, whilst it ensures a doubly fatal +termination of their career. The temptations by which these girls are +beset might be deemed all-sufficient, without the compulsion by which +they are thus as it were, driven out into the streets. Upon them, "the +fatal gift of beauty" has been more lavishly bestowed than upon any +other class--perhaps not excepting even the aristocracy. They are many +of them, probably, the spurious offspring of aristocratical fathers, +and inherit beauty for the same reason as the legitimate daughters of +aristocrats, because the wealth of these persons enables them to select +the most beautiful women either for wives or for concubines. Nor are +they wanting in the grace and simplicity of manner which distinguish the +aristocracy; whilst constant manual occupation produces in them more +vacuity of mind than even that which dissipation causes in their sisters +of the superior class. They are thus possessed of exterior attractions, +which will at any moment place them in a condition of comparative +affluence, and keep them in it so long as those attractions last,--a +period beyond which their portion of thought and foresight can scarcely +be expected to extend: whilst, on the other hand, they have before them +a most bitter and arduous servitude, constant confinement, probably +a severe task-mistress (whose mind is harassed and exacerbated by the +exigent and thoughtless demands of her employers), and a destruction of +health and bloom, which the alternative course of life can scarcely make +more certain or more speedy. Goethe was well aware how much light he +threw upon the seduction of Margaret, when he made her let fall a hint +of discontent at domestic hardships:-- + + "Our humble household is but small, + And I, alas! must look to all. + We have no maid, and I may scarce avail + To wake so early and to sleep so late; + And then my mother is in each detail + So accurate."[3] + + +If people of fashion knew at what cost some of their imaginary wants +are gratified, it is possible that they might be disposed to forego the +gratification: it is possible, also, that they might not. On the one +hand they are not wanting in benevolence to the young and beautiful; the +juster charge against them being, that their benevolence extends no +farther. On the other hand, unless there be a visual perception of the +youth and beauty which is to suffer, or in some way a distinct image of +it presented, dissipation will not allow them a moment for the feelings +which reflection might suggest: + + "Than vanity there's nothing harder hearted; + For thoughtless of all sufferings unseen, + Of all save those which touch upon the round + Of the day's palpable doings, the vain man, + And oftener still the volatile woman vain, + Is busiest at heart with restless cares, + Poor pains and paltry joys, that make within + Petty yet turbulent vicissitude." + + + [3] Faust: Lord F.L. Gower's translation. + + * * * * * + + + + +NEW BOOKS. + + +LEGENDS OF THE LIBRARY AT LILIES. BY THE LORD AND LADY THERE. + +[These are two volumes of tales and sketches from the pens of Lord and +Lady Nugent, whose literary recreations have not unfrequently graced the +fair pages of our Annuals. They are ushered in by a few pleasant words +"by way of advertisement," describing in four pages the delights of his +Lordship's rural retirement at Lilies, in Buckinghamshire; and this +portion of the work is so inviting that we quote it.] + +If you would place yourself just midway between the three seas which +form the boundaries of southern England, you shall find yourself on a +small knoll, covered with antique elm, walnut, and sycamore trees, which +rises out of a vale famous in all time for the natural fertility of its +soil, and the moral virtues of its people. On this knoll, fitly called +by our ancestors "the Heart of South Britain," stood, distant about +half a mile from each other, two monasteries, known by the flowery +appellatives of Lilies and Roses; not unaptly setting forth a promise of +all that can recommend itself as fair and sweet unto the gentler senses. +These edifices have, for many centuries, been no more; but, on the site +of the first mentioned of the two, standeth a small mansion, of Tudor +architecture, bearing still its ancient name. Of the monastery little +memorial, beyond the name, remains; save only that under a small +enclosed space, erewhile its cemetery, now a wilderness of flowers, the +bones of the monks repose. Two lines of artificial slope to the westward +mark the boundaries of the pleasaunce, where they took their recreation, +and cultivated their lentils and fruits; and a range of thickly-walled +cellar still retains the same destination and office as when it +furnished to those holy men their more generous materials of refection. + +What more shall be said of the mansion, or of the domain, full seventy +statute acres, which surrounds it?--of the herds and flocks content to +thrive in silence on the richness of its fields, and thrive they do in +wondrous measure of prosperity? Nothing.--Nor much of that more gamesome +troop of idle steeds, though pleasant to their master's eve, who, on its +green expanse, frisk and gambol out a sportive colthood, or graze and +hobble through a tranquil old age, with the active and laborious honours +of a public life past, but not forgotten. Little shall be said of that +smooth and narrow pool, scarce visible among the rising shrubs which +belt in and shroud the grounds from the incurious wayfarer; or of such +carp and tench as, having escaped the treacherous toils of the nightly +plunderer, gasp and tumble on its surface, delighting to display their +golden pride in the mid-day sun, before the gaze of lawful possession. +Nor shall the casual reader be led carelessly and wearily to note the +many sweet memorials of private friendship, records of the living and +the dead, which, standing forth from amid the lightsome glades and leafy +shadows around, make the place sacred to many a strong affection. +Romantic the scenery without is not, and for spacious halls and gorgeous +canopies the eye may search in vain within. But for the warm cheer of +the little oak library,--for the quaint carvings, the tracery of other +times, which abound therein,--for the awful note of the blood-hound, +baying upon his midnight chain,--and the pleasing melancholy of the +hooting owl from his hereditary chamber in the roof,--and for the +tunefulness of the cooing wood-quests, and the morning rooks which +bustle and caw, and of the high winds that pipe and roar, daily and +nightly, through the boughs,--and for the deep glossy verdure of the +pastures stretching forth to the brave distant hills which fence the +vale,--to those, who in such things take delight, Lilies hath still +its charms. + +From the fireside of the afore-mentioned little oak library the +following legends proceed. + +[Few of the pieces fall under the denomination of "Legends," if we +except "the Feast of alle Deuiles, an ancient ballad;" "the Costly +Dague;" "the Ladye's Counselloure;" and "the Dole of Tichborne;" which +are in the quaint olden style. Throughout the other papers there is a +pleasant spice of dry humour and knowledge of character, intermixed +with a few touches of pathos, and a nice perception of the finest +affections: now, with these various characteristics, the legends must +prove attractive and amusing. We have only space to quote briefly from +one of the most desultory of the papers--an ingenious one, on "Solecisms +in Language."] + +"Is it your _pleasure_," now and then asks a dentist, "is it your +_pleasure_ to have your tooth out to-day?" + +"I do not care a pin," is a very ordinary figure of speech, but of +doubtful propriety; for one's indifference, it appears to me, must very +much depend on the position of the pin. In the cushion of one's chair, +for instance, it is absolutely disagreeable, and what one should care +very much about. + +The word "poor" is an epithet in very common misuse. It is often brought +into play, especially in its plaintive sense, in situations, where, poor +thing, it scarcely knows itself, and where there is not the slightest +provocation to account for the use of it. It is degraded to the +condition of a mere expletive; and, where there is a real good call for +it, how often is it thrust upon the wrong person, the one who, were he +consulted, would disclaim all compassion. + +"_Poor_ Mr. ----, only think of him, _poor_ fellow! How very +odd! I believe he was not in joke. He told me a distant connection of +his, of another name, whom he never knew till after he heard that the +thing happened, who had been transported to New South Wales a matter of +sixteen years ago, is to be hanged to-morrow, by way of a secondary +punishment, for coming back from transportation." + +The audience were profuse in their repetition of the epithet--generous +to excess in the free gift of it to Mr. ----. They did not happen to +consider it applicable to him who, for an unlawful love of native +country, was to undergo a violent and disgraceful death. + +This, to be sure, might be attributed to the feeling that so many good +regular people have, that it is highly blameable to pity any man who +suffers capitally for a breach of the law; that it would be, in some +sort, to question the justice of the laws themselves. And the ten or +a dozen honest souls that formed the company were probably so good +themselves as to be justly scandalized at the notion of holding so much +communion with guilt, as to sympathize with it in its sufferings. But +I believe, after all, it was rather a flow of idiom than an effort of +principle. + +Mr. Small, a farmer, well to do in ----shire, fell ill of an acute and +dangerous disorder. (By the by, every one was anxious to know if "poor" +Mrs. Small's husband was better.) He died,--Mrs. Small was, of course, +in decent affliction. But the word of pity was always transferred from +the principal sufferer to her, till he was beyond suffering. Then first +it was bestowed on the "poor" corpse, which every one came to visit, and +flattered as looking "pleasant." + +Mrs. Small herself, in the first letter of her widowhood, addressed to +an intimate female friend, did not make a more judicious application of +the favourite epithet. To this friend it was her habit to write once +a quarter. We insert three passages; one extracted from each of these +quarterly epistles, which followed in due succession after her sad +bereavement:-- + +"Dear Nelly,--My brother-in-law has given the direction of the funeral +to a good economical undertaker, by name Peebles. I have not seen him, +and am not like; for he is in too large a way to attend himself, and he +sends his man for orders, and to see all done handsome, but cheap. + +"_Poor_ Mr. Peebles's man came here last night, and the funeral +will be to-morrow. I am in much trouble, as might be expected. My +_poor_ new black bonnet is not come home, and keeps me fretting; +but _poor_ Peebles's man says I shan't be disappointed, even if he +has to go for it himself. _Poor_ Peebles's man! he is up early and +down late, to see all right. He was in my room this morning before I was +out of bed, that all might be decent, &c. &c. &c. Yours to command, dear +Nelly, MARY SMALL." + +"Dear Nelly,--It is now three months and better since that _poor_ +coffin was put under ground, and I declare I feel quite queer and +lonesome without it. But business goes on quite well and brisk. _Poor +kind_ Peebles's man! he is off and on; almost always about the house, +doing some kind job or other. He is a very decent body; but, I don't +know how it is, I'm not to say comfortable. There's a sad noise with +my sister's family. You know I never _could_ bear children. My late +husband, that's gone, was the only one of the family that could. +I am sure I don't know what I could do without _poor dear_ Peebles's +man. Yours to command, dear Nelly, MARY SMALL. + +"Dear Nelly,--_Poor dear kind_ Peebles's man has never left here; +he's my right hand, and he is a very decent body indeed. It is now six +_good_ months since that _poor_ funeral took place. I find I +am not fit to live alone: I was married this morning to _poor_ +Peebles's man. Your sincere friend, dear Nelly, MARY MERRIMATE. + +"P.S. Excuse my change of name." + + * * * * * + + + + +THE GATHERER. + + +_Electioneering._--In 1749, during the great contested election +for Westminster, when Lord Trentham and Sir George Vandeput were +candidates, Dr. Barrowby greatly interested himself in favour of the +latter, who was put up to oppose the Court party. The doctor had for +some weeks attended the noted Joe Weatherby, landlord of the Ben +Jonson's Head, in Russell-street, who had become emaciated by a nervous +fever. During Dr. Barrowby's visits, the patient's wife, not knowing the +doctor's political attachment, had frequently expressed her uneasiness +that her dear Joey could not get up, and vote for _her_ good friend +Lord Trentham. Towards the end of the election, when very uncommon means +were used on both sides to obtain the suffrages of the people, the +doctor, calling one morning on his patient, to his great astonishment, +found him up and almost dressed.--"Hey-dey! what's the cause of this?" +exclaimed Barrowby. "Dear Doctor," said poor Joe, in broken accents, "I +am going to poll."--"To poll!" replied the doctor, with much warmth, +supposing him of the same opinion with his wife, "going to the d--l, you +mean!--why, do you know the cold air may kill you. Get to bed, get to +bed, man, as fast as you can, or immediate death may ensue!"--"Oh! if +that is the case, sir," returned the patient in a feeble voice, "to be +sure I must act as you advise me; but I love my country, sir, and +thought, while my wife was out, to seize this opportunity to go to +Covent-garden church, and vote for Sir G. Vandeput."--"How, Joe! for Sir +George?"--"Yes, sir, I wish him heartily well."--"Do you?" said the +medical politician. "Hold, nurse! don't pull off his stockings again; +let me feel his pulse. Hey! very well--a good, firm stroke--Egad! this +will do. You took the pills I ordered last night?"--"Yes, doctor, but +they made me very sick."--"Ay, so much the better. How did your master +sleep, nurse?"--"O charmingly, sir."--"Did he! Well, if his mind is +really uneasy about this election, he must be indulged; diseases of the +mind greatly affect those of the body. Come, come, throw a great coat or +blanket about him. It is a fine day; but the sooner he goes the +better--the sun will be down early. Here, here, lift him up; a ride will +do him good; he shall go with me to the hustings in my chariot." The +doctor was directly obeyed; and poor Joe Weatherby was conveyed in the +carriage to the hustings, where he gave his vote according to his +conscience, amidst the acclamations of the people; and two hours after +his politico-medical adviser had left him at his own house, Joe departed +this life, loaded with the reproaches of his beloved wife, and her +friends of the Court party. + +SWAINE. + + * * * * * + + +_A Warning to Critics._--Zoilus, the critic, was called the +rhetorical dog: rhetorical, as his style was elegant, and dog, from +his practice of snarling.--Vitruvius tells us, that when he visited +Alexandria, he recited his writings against the _Iliad_ and +_Odyssey_ of Homer to King Ptolemy, which gave the king such +offence, that he would take no notice of him; and afterwards, when, +urged by indigence, he solicited charity, Ptolemy pulsed him with this +contemptuous reflection, that if Homer, who had been dead one thousand +years, could by his works give maintenance to many thousand people, +a writer so much his superior might surely maintain himself. + +P.T.W. + + * * * * * + + +Some years since, an eccentric gentleman built himself a villa upon the +brow of one of the loftiest of the Surrey hills, to avoid annoyance from +the curious; but the odd situation of his residence drew scores of +visiters. This reminds us of some lines by Cowley-- + + I should have then this only fear, + Lest men, when they my pleasures see, + Should hither throng to live like me, + And so make a city here. + + * * * * * + + +_Imperial Ignorance._--Alexius Comnenus, Emperor of Constantinople, +was an arrant dunce: Fuller says, "he hated a booke more than a monster +did a looking-glasse; and when his tutor endeavoured to play him into +scholarship, by presenting pleasant authors unto him, he returned, that +learning was beneath the greatnesse of a prince, who, if wanting it, +might borrow it from his subjects, being better stor'd; _for_ +(saith hee) _if they will not lend me their braines, I'll take away +their heads!_" + + * * * * * + + +_Party Spirit._--Fuller did not think party madness; for, he says +such men as will side with neither party "hope, though the great vessel +of the state be wrecked, in a private fly-boat of neutrality, to waft +their own private adventure safe to the shore. But who ever saw dancers +on ropes so equally poise themselves, that at last they fall not down +and break their necks?" + + * * * * * + + +_A Court Jester._--Fuller thus describes one: "Of this fellow, his +body, downwards, was a fool, his head a knave, who did carefully note, +and cunningly vent, by the privileges of his coat, many state-passages, +uttering them, in a _wary twilight_, betwixt sport and earnest." + + * * * * * + + +_An Excellent Courtier._--Sir Walter Raleigh speaks of Queen +Elizabeth, when sixty years of age, "riding like Alexander, hunting like +Diana, walking like Venus, the gentle wind blowing her fair hair about +her pure cheeks like a nymph,--sometime sitting in the shade like a +goddess, sometime singing like an angell, sometime playing like +Orpheus." + + * * * * * + + +_A Lock-et._--Mark Scaliot, blacksmith, in the 20th of Queen +Elizabeth, made a lock of eleven pieces of iron, steel, and brass, with +a pipe key, and golden chain of forty-three links, which were hung round +the neck of a flea.--The animal, together with this burthen, weighed +only one grain and a half. + + * * * * * + + +_Oil._--Both rape-oil and olive-oil were used in ancient cookery, +as appears from the provision bought for Archbishop Warham's dinner. + + * * * * * + +_Printed and published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset House) +London; sold by G.G. BENNIS, 55, Rue Neuve, St. Augustin, Paris; CHARLES +JUGEL, Francfort; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers._ + + * * * * * + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, Vol. 20, No. 577, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE *** + +***** This file should be named 17728-8.txt or 17728-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/7/7/2/17728/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/17728-8.zip b/17728-8.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..44bd9f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/17728-8.zip diff --git a/17728-h.zip b/17728-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..49a08c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/17728-h.zip diff --git a/17728-h/17728-h.htm b/17728-h/17728-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a34e708 --- /dev/null +++ b/17728-h/17728-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2420 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" +"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> + +<title>The Mirror of Literature, Vol. XX, No. 577, by Various.</title> + + <style type="text/css"> + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + + .note, .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + + span.pagenum {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; font-size: 8pt;} + .sc { font-variant: small-caps; } + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 1em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 3em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 4em;} + + .figure {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; margin: auto;} + .figure img {border: none;} + td { text-align: center; } + --> + </style> +</head> + +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and +Instruction, Vol. 20, No. 577, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, Vol. 20, No. 577 + Volume 20, Number 577, Saturday, November 24, 1832 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: February 9, 2006 [EBook #17728] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + <hr class="full" /> + <span class="pagenum"><a id="page337" name="page337"></a>[pg 337]</span> + + <h1>THE MIRROR<br /> + OF<br /> + LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1> + <hr class="full" /> + + <table width="100%" summary="Banner"> + <tr> + <td align="left"><b>VOL. XX. NO. 577]</b></td> + <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 24, 1832.</b></td> + <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td> + </tr> + </table> + <hr class="full" /> + +<div class="figure" style="width: 100%;"> +<a href="images/577-1.png"><img width="100%" src="images/577-1.png" +alt="Domestic antiquities." /></a> +</div> + +<h2> + DOMESTIC ANTIQUITIES. +</h2> + +<p> +The first of these archæological rarities is a pair of Snuffers, +found in Dorsetshire sixty-four years since, and engraved in Hutchins's +history of that county. They were discovered, says the historian, +"in the year 1768, in digging the foundation of a granary, at the +foot of a hill adjoining to Corton mansion house (formerly the seat +of the respectable family of the Mohuns), in the parish of St. Peter, +Portisham. They are of brass, and weigh six ounces: the great difference +between these and the modern utensils of the same nature and use is, +that these are in shape like a heart fluted, and consequently terminate +in a point. They consist of two equal lateral cavities, by the edges of +which the snuff is cut off, and received into the cavities, from which +it is not got out without particular application and trouble." +</p> + +<p> +"There are two circumstances attending this little utensil which seem to +bespeak it of considerable age: the roughness of the workmanship, which +is in all respects as crude and course as can be well imagined, and the +awkwardness of the form." +</p> + +<p> +So little is known of the comparatively recent introduction of snuffers +into this country, that the above illustration will be acceptable to the +observer of domestic origins and antiquities. See also <i>Mirror</i>, vol. +xi. p. 74. +</p> + +<p> +The <span class="sc">Key</span>, annexed, was the property of Mr. Gough, the eminent +topographer, and is supposed to have been used as a passport by some of +the family of Stawel, whose arms it bears. +</p> + +<hr /> + +<p> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page338" name="page338"></a>[pg 338]</span> +</p> + +<h3> +LINES +<br /> +ADDRESSED TO A PARTY OF YOUNG LADIES VISITING THE CATACOMBS AT PARIS. +</h3> + +<center> +(<i>From the French of M. Emanuel Dupaty</i>.) +</center> + +<h4> +BY E. B. IMPEY, ESQ. +</h4> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> + <p> While life is young and pleasure new,</p> +<p class="i2"> Ah! why the shades of Death explore?</p> +<p class="i2"> Better, ere May's sweet prime is o'er,</p> + <p> The primrose path of joy pursue:</p> + <p> The torch, the lamps' sepulchral fire,</p> +<p class="i2"> Their paleness on your charms impress,</p> +<p class="i2"> And glaring on your loveliness,</p> + <p> Death mocks what living eyes desire.</p> +<p class="i2"> Approach! the music of your tread</p> + <p> No longer bids the cold heart beat:</p> + <p> For ruling Beauty boasts no seat</p> +<p class="i2"> Of empire o'er the senseless dead!</p> + <p> Yet, if their lessons profit aught,</p> +<p class="i2"> Ponder, or ere ye speed away,</p> +<p class="i2"> Those feet o'er flowers were form'd to stray,</p> + <p> No death-wrought causeway, grimly wrought,</p> +<p class="i2"> Of ghastly bones and mould'ring clay.</p> + <p> To gayer thoughts and scenes arise;</p> + <p> Nor ever veil those sun-bright eyes</p> +<p class="i2"> From sight of bliss and light of day—</p> + <p> Save when in pity to mankind</p> + <p> Love's fillet o'er their lids ye bind.</p> +</div></div> + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + HOLLAND. +</h3> + +<p> +Holland derives its name from the German word <i>Hohl</i>, synonymous +with the English term hollow, and denoting a concave, or very hollow, +low country. +</p> + +<p> +This country originally formed part of the territory of the Belgæ, +conquered by the Romans, 47 years before Christ. A sovereignty, founded +by Thierry, first Count of Holland, A.D. 868, continued till the year +1417, when it passed, by surrender, to the Duke of Burgundy. In 1534, +being oppressed by the Bishop of Utrecht, the people ceded the country +to Spain. The Spanish tyranny being insupportable, they revolted, and +formed the republic called the United Provinces, by the Union of +Utrecht, 1579. When they were expelled the Low Countries by the Duke of +Alva, they retired to England; and having equipped a small fleet of +forty sail, under the command of Count Lumay, they sailed towards this +coast—being called, in derision, "<i>gueux</i>," or <i>beggars of the sea</i>. +Upon the duke's complaining to Queen Elizabeth, that they were pirates, +she compelled them to leave England; and accordingly they set sail for +Enckhuysen; but the wind being unfavourable, they accidentally steered +towards the isle of Voorn, attacked the town of Briel, took possession +of it, and made it the first asylum of their liberty. +</p> + +<p> +In 1585, a treaty was concluded between the States of Holland and +Queen Elizabeth; and Briel was one of the cautionary towns delivered +into her hands for securing the fulfilment of their engagements. It was +garrisoned by the English during her reign, and part of the next, but +restored to the States in 1616. +</p> + +<p> +The office of Stadtholder, or Captain-General of the United Provinces, +was made hereditary in the Prince of Orange's family, not excepting +females, 1747. A revolt was formed, but prevented by the Prussians, +1787. The country was invaded by the French in 1793, who took possession +of it January, 1795, and expelled the Stadtholder: it was erected into +a kingdom by the commands of Buonaparte, and the title of king given +to his brother Louis, June 5, 1806. Its changes since this period are +familiar to the reader of contemporary history. +</p> + +<p> +Lord Chesterfield, in his <i>Letters to his Son</i>, says—"Holland, +where you are going, is by far the finest and richest of the Seven +United Provinces, which, altogether, form the republic. The other +provinces are Guelderland, Zealand, Friesland, Utrecht, Groningen, +and Overyssel. These seven provinces form what is called the +States-General of the United Provinces: this is a very powerful, and a +very considerable republic. I must tell you that a republic is a free +state, without any king. You will go first to the Hague, which is the +most beautiful village in the world, for it is not a town. Amsterdam, +reckoned the capital of the United Provinces, is a very fine, rich city. +There are besides in Holland several considerable towns—such as Dort, +Haerlem, Leyden, Delft, and Rotterdam. You will observe throughout +Holland the greatest cleanliness: the very streets are cleaner than our +houses are here. Holland carries on a very great trade, particularly to +China, Japan, and all over the East Indies." +</p> + +<h4> +P.T.W. +</h4> + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + THE HAWTHORN WELL. +</h3> + +<p> +[The following lines are associated with a singular species of +popular superstition which may in some measure, explain the "pale +cast of thought" that pervades them. They are written by a native of +Northumberland. "The Hawthorn Well," was a <i>Rag Well</i>, and so +called from persons formerly leaving rags there for the cure of +certain diseases. Bishop Hall, in his Triumphs of Rome, ridicules a +superstitious prayer of the Popish Church for the "blessing of clouts +in the way of cure of diseases;" and Mr. Brand asks, "Can it have +originated thence?" He further observes:—"this absurd custom is not +extinct even at this day: I have formerly frequently observed shreds or +bits of rag upon the bushes that overhang a well in the road to Benton, +a village in the vicinity of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, which, from that +circumstance, is now or was very lately called <i>The Rag Well</i>. This +name is undoubtedly of long standing: probably it has been visited for +some disease or other, and these rag-offerings are the relics of the +then prevailing popular superstition."—<i>Brand's Popular Antiquities</i>, +vol. ii. p. 270.] +</p> + + + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2"> "From hill, from dale, each charm is fled;</p> +<p class="i2"> Groves, flocks, and fountains, please no more."</p> +</div></div> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> + <p> No joy, nor hope, no pleasure, nor its dream,</p> + <p> Now cheers my heart. The current of my life</p> + <p> Seems settled to a dull, unruffled lake,</p> + <p> Deep sunk 'midst gloomy rocks and barren hills;</p> + <p> Which tempests only stir and clouds obscure;</p> + <p> Unbrightened by the cheerful beam of day,</p> + <p> Unbreathed on by the gentle western breeze,</p> + <p> Which sweeps o'er pleasant meads and through the woods,</p> + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page339" name="page339"></a>[pg 339]</span> + + <p> Stirring the leaves which seem to dance with joy.</p> + <p> No more the beauteous landscape in its pride</p> + <p> Of summer loveliness—when every tree</p> + <p> Is crowned with foliage, and each blooming flower</p> + <p> Speaks by its breath its presence though unseen—</p> + <p> For me has charms; although in early days,</p> + <p> Ere care and grief had dulled the sense of joy,</p> + <p> No eye more raptured gazed upon the scene</p> + <p> Of woody dell, green slope, or heath-clad hill;</p> + <p> Nor ear with more delight drank in the strains</p> + <p> Warbled by cheerful birds from every grove,</p> + <p> Or thrilled by larks up-springing to the sky.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2"> From the hill side—where oft in tender youth</p> + <p> I strayed, when hope, the sunshine of the mind,</p> + <p> Lent to each lovely scene, a double charm</p> + <p> And tinged all objects with its golden hues—</p> + <p> There gushed a spring, whose waters found their way</p> + <p> Into a basin of rude stone below.</p> + <p> A thorn, the largest of its kind, still green</p> + <p> And flourishing, though old, the well o'erhung;</p> + <p> Receiving friendly nurture at its roots</p> + <p> From what its branches shaded; and around</p> + <p> The love-lorn primrose and wild violet grew,</p> + <p> With the faint bubbling of that limpid fount.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2"> Here oft the shepherd came at noon-tide heat</p> + <p> And sat him down upon the bank of turf</p> + <p> Beneath the thorn, to eat his humble meal</p> + <p> And drink the crystal from that cooling spring.</p> + <p> Here oft at evening, in that placid hour</p> + <p> When first the stars appear, would maidens come</p> + <p> To fill their pitchers at the Hawthorn Well,</p> + <p> Attended by their swains; and often here</p> + <p> Were heard the cheerful song and jocund laugh</p> + <p> Which told of heart-born gladness, and awoke</p> + <p> The slumbering echoes in the distant wood.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2"> But now the place is changed. The pleasant path,</p> + <p> Which wound so gently up the mountain side</p> + <p> Is overgrown with bent and russet heath;</p> + <p> The thorn is withered to a moss-clad stump,</p> + <p> And the fox kennels where the turf-bank rose!</p> + <p> The primrose and wild violet now no more</p> + <p> Spread their soft fragrance round. The hollow stone</p> + <p> Is rent and broken; and the spring is dry!</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<hr /> +</div><div class="stanza"> + <p> But yesterday I passed the spot, in thought</p> + <p> Enwrapped—unlike the fancies which played round</p> + <p> My heart in life's sweet morning, bright and brief:</p> + <p> And as I stood and gazed upon the change,</p> + <p> Methought a voice low whispered in my ear:</p> + <p> "Thy destiny is linked with that low spring;</p> + <p> Its course is changed, and so for aye shall be</p> + <p> The tenor of thy life; and anxious cares,</p> + <p> And fruitless wishes, springing without hope,</p> + <p> Shall rankle round thy heart, like those foul weeds</p> + <p> Which now grow thick where flow'rets bloomed anew:—</p> + <p> Like to that spring, thy fount of joy is dry!"</p> +</div></div> + + + +<hr class="full" /> + + + + +<h2> + LINES +</h2> + +<center> +<i>From the Italian of Scipione Maffèi</i><a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> +</center> + +<h4> +BY E.B. IMPEY. +</h4> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2"> Quivi qual foste gia, non qual sarète.</p> +<p class="i2"> Con diletto mirando, in onta agli anni</p> +<p class="i2"> Vostre belle sembianze ancor vedrete.</p> +</div></div> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> + <p> Scorn not, dear maid, this fond but faithful lay,</p> +<p class="i2"> That pictures, on no perishable page,</p> +<p class="i2"> Thy beauties, rescued from the spoils of age,</p> + <p> To live and blossom with thy poet's bay:</p> + <p> For when remorseless Time brings on decay,</p> +<p class="i2"> When the loath'd mirror shall no more engage</p> +<p class="i2"> Thy smiles, distorted into grief and rage,</p> + <p> Alas! to think that youth must pass away—</p> +<p class="i2"> Then in these lines contented shall thou trace,</p> +<p class="i2"> As in a lovelier glass, thy lasting charms,</p> + <p> Not as they shall be, but as now they grace,</p> + <p> Fresh in the bud of youth, these circling arms.</p> +</div></div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3> + LAWS RELATING TO BACHELORS. +</h3> + +<center> +(<i>To the Editor.</i>) +</center> + +<p> +At page 53 of the present volume, your Correspondent "E.J.H." in his +remarks on "Laws relating to Bachelors," states at the conclusion +thereof as follows:— +</p> + +<p> +"In England, bachelors are not left to go forgotten to their solitary +graves. There was a tax laid on them by the 7th William III., after the +25th year of their age, which was 12<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> for a duke, +and 1<i>s.</i> for a commoner. At present they are taxed by an extra +duty upon their servants—for a male, 1<i>l.</i> 5<i>s.</i>, for a female, +2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> above the usual duties leviable upon servants." +</p> + +<p> +Your Correspondent certainly must be in error upon these points, as the +additional duty to which bachelors in England are liable under the +present Tax Acts, for a male Servant, is only 1<i>l.</i> (the usual duty +leviable for such servant being 1<i>l.</i> 4 <i>s.</i>); and there is +not, that I am aware of, any law in existence in England taxing any +person in respect of female servants. +</p> + +<h4> +R.J. +</h4> +<p> +<i>Alton, Hants.</i> +</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2> +THE NATURALIST. +</h2> + +<h3> + DEER OF NORTH-AMERICA, AND THE MODE OF HUNTING THEM. +</h3> + +<center> +(<i>From Featherstonehaugh's Journal.</i>) +</center> + +<p> +Deer are more abundant than at the first settlement of the country. +They increase to a certain extent with the population. The reason of +this appears to be, that they find protection in the neighbourhood of +man from the beasts of prey that assail them in the wilderness, and from +whose attacks their young particularly can with difficulty escape. +They suffer most from the wolves, who hunt in packs like hounds, and +who seldom give up the chase until a deer is taken. We have often sat, +on a moonlight summer night, at the door of a log-cabin in one of our +prairies, and heard the wolves in full chase of a deer, yelling very +nearly in the same manner as a pack of hounds. Sometimes the cry would +be heard at a great distance over the plain: then it would die away, and +again be distinguished at a nearer point, and in another direction;—now +the full cry would burst upon us from a neighbouring thicket, and we +would almost hear the sobs of the exhausted deer;—and again it would be +borne away, and lost in the distance. We have passed nearly whole nights +in listening to such sounds; and once we saw a deer dash through the +yard, and immediately past the door at which we sat, followed by his + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page340" name="page340"></a>[pg 340]</span> + + audacious pursuers, who were but a few yards in his rear.—Immense +numbers of deer are killed every year by our hunters, who take them for +their hams and skins alone, throwing away the rest of the carcass. +Venison hams and hides are important articles of export; the former are +purchased from the hunters at 25 cents a pair, the latter at 20 cents a +pound. In our villages we purchase for our tables the saddle of venison, +with the hams attached, for 37-1/2 cents, which would be something like +one cent a pound.—There are several ways of hunting deer, all of which +are equally simple. Most frequently the hunter proceeds to the woods on +horseback, in the day-time, selecting particularly certain hours, which +are thought to be most favourable. It is said, that, during the season +when the pastures are green, this animal rises from his lair precisely +at the rising of the moon, whether in the day or night; and I suppose +the fact to be so, because such is the testimony of experienced hunters. +If it be true, it is certainly a curious display of animal instinct. +This hour is therefore always kept in view by the hunter, as he rides +slowly through the forest, with his rifle on his shoulder, while his +keen eye penetrates the surrounding shades. On beholding a deer, the +hunter slides from his horse, and, while the deer is observing the +latter, creeps upon him, keeping the largest trees between himself and +the object of pursuit, until he gets near enough to fire. An expert +woodsman seldom fails to hit his game. It is extremely dangerous to +approach a wounded deer. Timid and harmless as this animal is at other +times, he no sooner finds himself deprived of the power of flight, than +he becomes furious, and rushes upon his enemy, making desperate plunges +with his sharp horns, and striking and trampling furiously with his +forelegs, which, being extremely muscular and armed with sharp hoofs, +are capable of inflicting very severe wounds. Aware of this +circumstance, the hunter approaches him with caution, and either secures +his prey by a second shot, where the first has been but partially +successful, or, as is more frequently the case, causes his dog to seize +the wounded animal, while he watches his own opportunity to stab him +with his hunting-knife. Sometimes where a noble buck is the victim, and +the hunter is impatient or inexperienced, terrible conflicts ensue on +such occasions. Another mode is to watch at night, in the neighbourhood +of the salt-licks. These are spots where the earth is impregnated with +saline particles, or where the salt-water oozes through the soil. Deer +and other grazing animals frequent such places, and remain for hours +licking the earth. The hunter secretes himself here, either in the thick +top of a tree, or most generally in a screen erected for the purpose, +and artfully concealed, like a mask-battery, with logs or green boughs. +This practice is pursued only in the summer, or early in the autumn, in +cloudless nights, when the moon shines brilliantly, and objects may be +readily discovered. At the rising of the moon, or shortly after, the +deer having risen from their beds approach the lick. Such places are +generally denuded of timber, but surrounded by it; and as the animal is +about to emerge from the shade into the clear moonlight, he stops, +looks cautiously around and snuffs the air. Then he advances a few +steps, and stops again, smells the ground, or raises his expanded +nostrils, as if "he snuffed the approach of danger in every tainted +breeze." The hunter sits motionless, and almost breathless, waiting +until the animal shall get within rifle-shot, and until its position, in +relation to the hunter and the light, shall be favourable, when he fires +with an unerring aim. A few deer only can be thus taken in one night, +and after a few nights, these timorous animals are driven from the +haunts which are thus disturbed. Another method is called +<i>driving</i>, and is only practised in those parts of the country +where this kind of game is scarce, and where hunting is pursued as an +amusement. A large party is made up, and the hunters ride forward with +their dogs. The hunting ground is selected, and as it is pretty well +known what tracts are usually taken by the deer when started, an +individual is placed at each of those passages to intercept the +retreating animal. The scene of action being in some measure, +surrounded, small parties advance with the dogs in different directions, +and the startled deer, in flying, generally fly by some of the persons +who are concealed, and who fire at them as they pass. +</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3> + WOLVES OF NORTH AMERICA. +</h3> + +<center> +(<i>From Featherstonehaugh's Journal.</i>) +</center> + +<p> +Wolves are very numerous in every part of the state. There are two +kinds: the common or black wolf, and the prairie wolf. The former is +a large, fierce animal, and very destructive to sheep, pigs, calves, +poultry, and even young colts. They hunt in large packs, and after using +every stratagem to circumvent their prey, attack it with remarkable +ferocity. Like the Indian, they always endeavour to surprise their +victim, and strike the mortal blow without exposing themselves to +danger. They seldom attack man except when asleep or wounded. The +largest animals, when wounded, entangled, or otherwise disabled, become +their prey, but in general they only attack such as are incapable of +resistance. They have been known to lie in wait upon the bank of a +stream, which the buffaloes were in the habit of crossing, and, when one +of those unwieldy animals was so unfortunate as to sink in the mire, +spring suddenly upon it + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page341" name="page341"></a>[pg 341]</span> + + and worry it to death, while thus disabled from +resistance. Their most common prey is the deer, which they hunt +regularly; but all defenceless animals are alike acceptable to their +ravenous appetites. When tempted by hunger, they approach the +farm-houses in the night, and snatch their prey from under the very eye +of the farmer; and when the latter is absent with his dogs, the wolf is +sometimes seen by the females lurking about in mid-day, as if aware of +the unprotected state of the family. Our heroic females have sometimes +shot them under such circumstances. The smell of burning assafœtida +has a remarkable effect upon this animal. If a fire be made in the +woods, and a portion of this drug thrown into it, so as to saturate the +atmosphere with the odour, the wolves, if any are within the reach of +the scent, immediately assemble around, howling in the most mournful +manner; and such is the remarkable fascination under which they seem to +labour, that they will often suffer themselves to be shot down rather +than quit the spot. Of the very few instances of their attacking human +beings of which we have heard, the following may serve to give some idea +of their habits. In very early times, a Negro man was passing in the +night in the lower part of Kentucky from one settlement to another. The +distance was several miles, and the country over which he travelled +entirely unsettled. In the morning, his carcass was found entirely +stripped of flesh. Near it lay his axe, covered with blood, and all +around, the bushes were beaten down, the ground trodden, and the number +of foot-tracks so great, as to show that the unfortunate victim had +fought long and manfully. On following his track, it appeared that the +wolves had pursued him for a considerable distance; and that he had +often turned upon them and driven them back. Several times they had +attacked him, and been repelled, as appeared by the blood and tracks. +He had killed some of them before the final onset, and in the last +conflict had destroyed several; his axe was his only weapon. The <i>prairie +wolf</i> is a smaller species, which takes its name from its habits, or +residing entirely upon the open plains. Even when hunted with dogs, it +will make circuit after circuit round the prairie, carefully avoiding +the forest, or only dashing into it occasionally when hard pressed, and +then returning to the plain. In size and appearance this animal is +midway between the wolf and the fox, and in colour it resembles the +latter, being of a very light red. It preys upon poultry, rabbits, young +pigs calves, &c. The most friendly relations subsist between this animal +and the common wolf, and they constantly hunt in packs together. Nothing +is more common than to see a large, black wolf in company with several +prairie wolves. I am well satisfied that the latter is the jackall of +Asia. Several years ago, an agricultural society, which was established +at the seat of government, offered a large premium to the person who +should kill the greatest number of wolves in one year. The legislature, +at the same time offered a bounty for each wolf-scalp that should be +taken. The consequence was, that the expenditure for wolf-scalps became +so great, as to render it necessary to repeal the law. These animals, +although still numerous, and troublesome to the farmer, are greatly +decreased in number, and are no longer dangerous to man. We know of no +instances in late years of a human being having been attacked by wolves. +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + CEDAR TREES. +</h3> + +<p> +There are now growing on the grounds of Greenfield Lodge, two cedar +trees of the immense height of 150 feet; the girth of one is 11 ft. +7 in. and its branches extend 50 feet; the girth of the other is 8 ft. +7 in.—<i>Chester Chronicle.</i> +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + GIGANTIC WHALE. +</h3> + +<p> +The skeleton of the whalebone whale which was cast ashore at North +Berwick last year, and whose measurement so far exceeds the ordinary +dimensions of animated nature as positively to require to be seen before +being believed, is now in course of preparation, and we believe will be +set up in such a manner as to enable scientific men to examine it with +every advantage. The baleen (commonly called whalebone) has been +prepared with infinite care and trouble, and will be placed in its +original section in the palate. If there be one part more remarkable +than another, it is the appearance of the baleen, or whalebone, when +occupying its natural position; the prodigious quantity (upwards of two +tons), and, at the same time, mechanical beauty connected with every +part of the unique mass, rendering it beyond the power of language to +describe, or give the slightest idea of it. The skull, or brainbone, was +divided vertically, with a view to convenience in moving the head (this +portion of the skeleton weighing eight tons). This section displayed the +cavity for containing the brain; and thus some knowledge of the sentient +and leading organ of an animal, the dimensions of whose instruments of +motion fill the mind with astonishment, will at last be obtained. +Results, unexpected, we believe, by most anatomists were arrived at. The +cavity (a cast of which will be submitted to the anatomical public) was +gauged or measured in the manner first invented and recommended by Sir +William Hamilton, and under that gentleman's immediate inspection; the +weight of the brain, estimated in this way, amounts to 54 lb. imperial +weight. The brain of the small whalebone whale, examined by Mr. + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page342" name="page342"></a>[pg 342]</span> + + Hunter +(the specimen was only 17 feet long), weighed about 4 lb. 10 oz.; the +brain of the elephant weighs between 6 lb. and 7 lb.; the human brain +from 3 lb. to 4 lb. The total length of the whale was 80 feet; and +although Captain Scoresby mentions one which he heard of which was said +to measure somewhat more than 100 feet, it is extremely probable that +this measurement had not been taken correctly. The whale examined by +Sir Robert Sibbald, nearly a century ago, measured exactly 78 feet; +"fourteen men could stand at one time in the mouth; when the tide rose, +a small boat full of men entered easily."—<i>Scotsman</i>. +</p> + +<p> +[The total length of the whale found dead on the coast of Belgium, in +1827, and whose skeleton was exhibited in London, during last year, was +95 feet.—See <i>Mirror</i>, vol. xviii. p. 104.] +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + FALLS OF THE GENESEE. +</h3> + +<p> +[Mr. Fergusson, in his Notes made during a visit to the United States +and Canada, in 1831, thus refers to the Genesee Falls, engraved in No. +562 of <i>The Mirror</i>, p. 97 of the present volume.] +</p> + + +<p> +Rochester is well known to all who take an interest in America, as a +remarkable instance of what may be done in the way of transition, and as +exhibiting in its streets a perfect sample of the progress from stumps +to steeples. It is certainly an interesting place, and presents a busy +scene of manufacturing and commercial enterprise. My time being limited, +I immediately procured a <i>cicerone</i>, and proceeded to walk over the +town, concluding with the banks of the river, where there is a powerful +fall upon the Genesee, about 90 feet in height, forming a most romantic +scene, and which may be fairly denominated the parent of Rochester, as +the mill power which it supplies has brought the whole affair into +existence. There are also sulphur springs and baths in the town of some +repute. +</p> + +<p> +A splendid aqueduct carries the canal here across the river by ten +arches. It is also at present in contemplation to unite the Genesee and +Alleghany rivers, by a canal of more than 100 miles in extent, and which +would open up a valuable trade with the upper part of the Ohio Valley. +I have no doubt that it will be carried into effect, or perhaps a +railroad substituted. Close upon the verge of the precipice at the fall, +is observed a small islet or green knoll, from whence poor Sam Patch +took his final plunge. Sam, it would seem, was no subscriber to the +tenets of the Temperance Society, for upon this occasion his perceptions +were far from being clear; and having neglected to spring in his usual +adroit style, the unlucky wight never again appeared. The interest which +this poor creature excited, both here and at Niagara, was astonishing. +His very exit (than which nothing could be more natural) was considered +somewhat mysterious, as his body was not found; and some time subsequent +to the event, a fellow of a waggish disposition happening to be +accidentally in that part of the country, and bearing, it is said, a +singular resemblance to Patch, was stopped by a Rochester-man on the +road, and questioned on the subject. The stranger immediately saw a fair +opening for fun, and, <i>after some hesitation, reluctantly confessed</i> +that he was actually <i>Sam himself</i>; but that, for particular +reasons, his being alive must be kept a profound secret, until a day he +named, when he would make a public appearance in Rochester, and that he +trusted to the fidelity of the person who had discovered him not to +mention the circumstance, meantime, to any living being. <i>As a matter +of course</i>, it was speedily confided, in like manner, to the whole +population; and on the appointed day, crowds assembled to laugh at the +credulity of one another. A poor tradesman of the town had taken +wilfully the same fatal leap, only on the day preceding my visit. Many +of the poor Indians are lost over the fall, when rum has been in plenty. +A squaw was observed upon one occasion, with her canoe absorbed in the +current, and she herself utterly insensible to the danger. Warned at +last by loud exclamations from the banks, she roused herself, only to +behold the frightful chasm before her, when, perceiving all hope of +escape to be vain, and every effort fruitless, she coolly finished off +the contents of her bottle, and plunged into the abyss.—See <i>Quart. +Journ. Agric.</i> No. 18. +</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + + + +<h2> + ANECDOTE GALLERY. +</h2> +<h3> + SATIN STONE NECKLACES. +</h3> + +<p> +These beautiful ornaments of polished fluorspar—first made and brought +into fashion, we believe, by the late Mr. Mawe, of the Strand—are even +more appreciated by our Gallic neighbours than by ourselves. We have +been in society where the attention and admiration of a gallant French +gentleman was ludicrously divided between the attractions of a lady's +face and her satin-stone necklace. Some years since, the Duchess de +Berri, it is said, purchased various ornaments of this description and +material, to a considerable amount, which she wore, either upon, or +immediately subsequent to, her marriage. On the fatal night of the Duke +de Berri's assassination, the Duchess happened (so goes the story) to be +wearing one of these identical purchases; and, in consequence, upon the +anniversary of her widowhood, and on other occasions when peculiarly +depressed in spirits, never fails to put on a satin-stone necklace, as +a memento of the hours of her + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page343" name="page343"></a>[pg 343]</span> + + bridal and deprivation. Louis XVIII. +purchased, when in England, a large stock of these delicate, white +necklaces, which, on returning to France, he disposed off amongst his +admiring fair <i>noblesse</i>, by gift or purchase. +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + DUELLING IN FRANCE. +</h3> + +<p> +Different versions of the following anecdotes, respecting Mr. G—— (an +English officer), may be abroad, but we give them as detailed to us:— +</p> + +<p> +Mr. G——, a young English <i>militaire</i> of fashion and spirit, not a +great while since, had the fortune to fight a couple of duels in Paris, +under circumstances rather curious. He was acquainted with a French +gentleman, whom nature had endowed with more tongue than with discretion +and good principles;—in fact, it came to the ears of Mr. G——, that +the loquacious Gaul was a revolutionist in politics, a professed atheist +in religion, and (how could it happen otherwise?) a man devoid of the +most ordinary principles of honour, probity, and social decencies. He +was in the habit of slandering and vituperating, in the most violent +manner; and, in the well-thronged <i>cafés</i> and <i>salons</i> of the +French capital, not only his <i>bon ami</i> Mr. G——, but everything +and everybody <i>English</i>, until our young officer, provoked by his +insolence beyond all patience, taking the advice of a friend, challenged +him. The Gaul, affecting to be highly irritated, at first protested that +"he would never consent to <i>degrade</i> himself by fighting any of the +d—d English;" and, with horrid imprecations, parodied Caligula's +memorable malice, by wishing that "all the cursed members of that +infernal nation were but one body, which he might destroy at a shot!" +However, that no imputation might rest on his courage, he consented to +meet his adversary—for whom, by the way, he expressed the most thorough +contempt—next morning, at the <i>Bois de Boulogne</i>. They met; and +this miserable man received the reward of his perfidy and malice, by a +ball through his heart! +</p> + +<p> +Some days after this affair, Mr. G—— being grossly insulted by another +French gentleman—a notorious duellist, and, if we mistake not, an ally +of the deceased—felt himself obliged to notice the affront in a similar +manner. Monsieur —— treated the challenge with supreme contempt, +begged to assure Mr. G—— that he was a dead man if they met, but +professed himself much at his service if he was really bent on quitting +this world, and thought the most appropriate spot for so doing would be +the <i>Champs d'Elysées</i>. Thither next morning the parties repaired. +Mr. G—— found his antagonist already on the ground, and amusing +himself by firing at a mark: viz.—his glove, attached to the branch of +a tree, which he shot at with such precision as to send his bullet, at +every successive trial, through the aperture in the glove made by the +first. Monsieur was, in truth, a splendid and formidable marksman. Mr. +G——, in preparing for the duel, happening to cast his eyes on his +adversary, perceived that he had slily placed his arm in such a +position, as must ensure, on the <i>honourable</i> gentleman's fire, the +fulfilment of his vaunt to make him "a dead man." No time was to be +lost; the young Englishman's life depended upon dispatch; and, instantly +firing, he proved himself as good a marksman as Monsieur ——, by +sending his ball, with the utmost precision, through the wily +manœuvrer's elbow, from whence it passed into his side; and he +dropped down, disabled, if not dead. Thus did British spirit twice +humble, in a remarkable manner, French insolence and presumption! +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + A DISTINCTION. +</h3> + +<p> +"La-a-dy * *," exclaimed a certain Colonel, in that very original Scotch +brogue which a long acquaintance with the world has not tended in any +degree to diminish, "alloo me to introduce you to my brother, Carnal +M—— ——." "What!" asked the lady, "are you both Colonels?" +"Oo—ay—La-a-dy * *, that are we, in troth; but the daff'rence is this, +my brother, you see, is <i>Carnal</i>" (Lieutenant-colonel he intended +to express), "and <i>I</i>—am <i>fool</i> Carnal!" +</p> + +<h4> +M.L.B. +</h4> + +<hr class="full" /> + + + + +<h2> +MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. +</h2> +<h3> + PETER PENCE +</h3> + +<p> +Were an ancient levy, or tax, of a penny on each house throughout +England, paid to the Pope. It was called <i>Peter-pence</i> because +collected on the day of <i>St. Peter ad vincula</i>. By the Saxons it +was called <i>Rome-feoh</i>—<i>i.e.</i> the fee of Rome; and also <i>Rome-scot</i>, +and <i>Rome-pennying</i>, because collected and sent to Rome;—and lastly, +it was called <i>Hearth-money</i>, because every dwelling-house was liable +to it, provided there were thirty-pence <i>vivæ pecuniæ</i> belonging to +it;—nay, and every religious house, the Abbey of St. Alban's alone +excepted. +</p> + +<p> +This Peter-pence was at first given as a pension, or alms, by Ina, king +of the West Saxons, in the year 727, being then in pilgrimage at Rome; +and the like was done by Offa, king of the Mercians, throughout his +dominions, in 794; and afterwards by Ethelwulph, through the whole +kingdom, in the year 855. +</p> + +<p> +It was not intended as a tribute to the Pope, but chiefly for the +support of the English school, or college, at Rome. The popes, however, +shared it with the college, and at length found means, to appropriate +it to themselves. +</p> + +<p> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page344" name="page344"></a>[pg 344]</span> +</p> + +<p> +At first it was only an occasional contribution; but it became at last a +standing tax, being established by the laws of King Canute, Edward the +Confessor, the Conqueror, &c. The bishops, who were charged with the +collecting it, employed the rural deans and archdeacons therein. +</p> + +<p> +Edward III. first forbade the payment; but it soon after returned, and +continued till the time of Henry VIII., when Polydore Virgil resided +here as the Pope's receiver general. It was abolished under that prince, +and restored again under Philip and Mary; but it was finally prohibited +under Queen Elizabeth. +</p> + +<h4> +WALTER E.C. +</h4> + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + POPISH RELICS. +</h3> + +<p> +Ere the bright dawn of the Reformation lighted upon England, the +furniture of churches appears, from ancient records, to have been of +a splendid description; and vast sums are stated to have been lavished +upon the images of saints, &c. Great Saint Mary's Chapel, Cambridge, is +in the possession of an inventory of the goods and chattels possessed +by that ancient edifice in the 19th year of Henry VII., of which the +following is a transcript:— +</p> + +<p> +"<i>Item</i>—A coat of tawney damask, purfled with velvet, appertaining +to our Lady. +</p> + +<p> +"<i>Item</i>—A coat for her son, of the same satin, purfled with black +velvet, and spangled with gold. +</p> + +<p> +"<i>Item</i>—A relic, called a box of silver with the oil of St. +Nicholas. +</p> + +<p> +"<i>Item</i>—Another little box of silver, with a bone of St. Lawrence. +</p> + +<p> +"<i>Item</i>—A shoe of silver for the image of our Lady, and a piece of +a penny, weighing in all two ounces in a box. +</p> + +<p> +"<i>Item</i>—An image of our Lady and her Son, of copper and gilt, with +a chrystal stone. +</p> + +<p> +"<i>Item—A collar of gold</i> for to hang about our Lady's neck, of +nine links in the collar. +</p> + +<p> +"<i>Item</i>—A cap of black velvet, with fine pearl, for our Lady's +son. +</p> + +<p> +"<i>Item</i>—Two maces for St. Edmund. +</p> + +<p> +"<i>Item</i>—Three small crowns for St. Katherine. +</p> + +<p> +"<i>Item</i>—A cross and staff for St. Nicholas." +</p> + +<p> +The orthography of this extract has been modernized, but the +<i>idiom</i> (if any) has been retained. +</p> + +<h4> +JUVENIS. +</h4> + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + ANCIENT CHAIR. +</h3> + +<p> +This curious relic is traditionally called <i>the Prior's Chair</i>, and +belonged to the priory of Southwick, which formerly stood near +Portsmouth, in Hampshire. It is made of oak, its several parts being +fastened together with small wooden pegs. On the back of the chair, +within a square panel, is carved an animal somewhat resembling a buck, +which was probably the armorial bearing of the prior; as it was +anciently, and is now, the custom to carve or paint on chairs placed in +halls or other conspicuous places, the crest or arms of the proprietor. +Above the panel are two mitres, and on each side of the arms of the +chair is a rose, ornamented with rays issuing from its centre. This +ancient specimen of furniture is extremely interesting as a specimen of +the mechanical ingenuity of the age in which it was constructed, and as +the only vestige of the establishment to which it was annexed. Upon part +of the Priory buildings being taken down, a few years since, the Chair +with other old furniture found on the premises, was sold by auction, +when it was rescued from the hands of a person who was bidding for it +as a smoking chair, by a gentleman, who allowed a drawing to be taken +of it. Of the Priory of Southwick + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page345" name="page345"></a>[pg 345]</span> + + very scanty information is to be +obtained: no mention of it is to be found in the <i>Monasticon</i>: but +Sir Robert Atkyns, in his history of Gloucestershire, says that it was +founded by Henry I. and dedicated to St. Mary. It was for canons regular +of the order of St. Augustine. The last prior surrendered this convent +on the 7th of April, 1539: it was valued in the catalogue of religious +houses at 257<i>l</i>. +</p> + +<div class="figure" style="width: 100%;"> +<a href="images/577-2.png"><img width="100%" src="images/577-2.png" +alt="The Pryor's Chair" /></a> +</div> + + +<hr style="clear:both;" /> + + +<h3> + ANTIQUE KNIFE-HANDLE. +</h3> + +<div class="figure" style="width: 20%; float:left;"> +<a href="images/577-3.png"><img width="100%" src="images/577-3.png" +alt="ANTIQUE KNIFE-HANDLE." /></a> +</div> + +<div class="figure" style="width: 20%; float:right;"> +<a href="images/577-4.png"><img width="100%" src="images/577-4.png" +alt="ANCIENT BELL." /></a> +</div> + +<p> +This was found about 20 years since, at the manorhouse of Lake, near +Amesbury, in Wiltshire. The handle consists of two figures, a warrior +and a female: it was probably the haft of a small knife or dagger, +is made of brass, and considering its great antiquity, is in good +preservation. The features of the figures are the parts mostly injured +by wear; the female holds in the right hand a small bag or purse, +the custom of carrying which fell into disuse in the days of Queen +Elizabeth. This ancient haft is, however, most likely of an age +considerably anterior to the above reign, and from the costume in +general, and the simple cross hilt of the sword attached to the +warrior's side, it may not unjustly claim a date coeval with the +Crusades. +</p> + +<h3> +ANCIENT BELL. +</h3> + +<div class="figure" style="width: 20%; float:right; clear:right;"> +<a href="images/577-5.png"><img width="100%" src="images/577-5.png" +alt="(Handle.)" /></a> +</div> + + +<p> +This Bell, as the motto (<i>God save the Queen</i>, 1560,) explains, is +of the age of Elizabeth. The handle is of considerably older date, and +probably belonged to a mass-bell, as it bears the effigies of a devotee, +holding her beads, and a cross. Indeed, the prayer for the Queen, on the +Bell, in English, would indicate its subsequent age. This curious relic +was a few years since in the possession of the Rev. Mr. Crutwell, a name +distinguished in topographical and antiquarian literature. +</p> + +<hr style="clear:both;" /> + + +<h3> + FALCONRY TENURE. +</h3> + +<p> +The manorial rights of Comberton, in the county of Cambridge, were +formerly held by the lord, being the keeper of the king's falcons. A +record of the year 1374 says, that the manor was held "by the service +of carrying a goshawk at <i>coronations</i>."—JUVENIS. +</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + + + +<h2> +THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. +</h2> +<h3> +FUNERAL OF SIR WALTER SCOTT.—BY AN EYE-WITNESS. +</h3> + +<center> +(<i>Abridged from Tait's Edinburgh Magazine.</i>) +</center> + +<p> +When we arrived at the ford, which gave its fancied name to the poet's +dwelling, we found the silver Tweed sparkling merrily along, as if all +things were as they were wont to be. The young woods before us, and the +towers, and gables, and pinnacles of the mansion, were smiling beneath +the mellowing rays of the September sun, as if unconscious that the +master-spirit which called them into being had for ever fled from them. +The sound of wheels came on the ear at intervals, rushing from different +directions, and indicating the frequent arrival of carriages; yet when +we, availing ourselves of the open doors, had taken our well-known way +through the garden, and passed beneath the Gothic screen that might have +vied with the Beautiful Gate of the Temple itself, and on into the +courtyard in front of the house, we were surprised to find it deserted +and lonely. Before any one came to interrupt us, we had leisure to gaze +around, and to wonder at the great growth of the trees and shrub's since +we had last beheld them; and as we did so, the venerable shade of him +who had last walked + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page346" name="page346"></a>[pg 346]</span> + + there with us, filled our imagination and our +eyes—shifted with them as they shifted;—and as it glided around us, +it recalled to our full hearts a thousand pleasing and touching +recollections. But our dreams were at length abruptly broken, by the +appearance of some of our acquaintances, who issued from the house; and +the sight of their weeds of woe immediately recalled our thoughts to the +garb of grief which we also wore, and to the sad object of our present +visit. +</p> + +<p> +Passing through the Gothic hall, we met with no one till we entered +the library, where we found a considerable circle of gentlemen already +assembled: these were chiefly from the neighbouring districts; but there +were a few whom we recognised as having come from Edinburgh, and other +places equally distant. Obscured within the shadow of one of the +book-cases, we remained ruminating as if we had been absolutely alone, +until we were interrupted by a summons to the drawing-room, where +certain refreshments were prepared for those who had any inclination +to partake of them. But we must confess our natural antipathy to all +such mournful feasts; we therefore declined to join in this; and after +catching, as well as our position near the door allowed us to do, a +few stray sentences of a prayer, which was feelingly offered up by the +parish clergyman, we became so oppressed by the heat of the room, that +we ventured to steal away to enjoy the air in the porch. +</p> + +<p> +That porch was soon tenanted in our imagination by that venerable ideal +image which we had been all this while courting to our side. With it +we continued to hold sacred communion—with it we looked, as we had +formerly done with the reality, on the effigy of <i>Maida;</i><a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> and +the harsh truth that Maida's master was now as cold as Maida itself, +went rudely home to our hearts. But footsteps came slowly and heavily +treading through the small armoury: they were those of the servants +of the deceased, who, with full eyes, and yet fuller hearts, came +reverently bearing the body of him whose courteous welcome had made +that very porch so cheerful to us. We were the only witnesses of this +usually unheeded part of the funeral duties: accident had given to us a +privilege which was lost to the crowd within. We instinctively uncovered +our heads, and stood subdued by an indescribable feeling of awe as the +corpse was carried outwards; and we felt grateful, that it had thus +fallen to our lot to behold the departure of these the honoured and +precious remains of Sir Walter Scott from the house of Abbotsford, where +all his earthly affections had been centered. The coffin was plain and +unpretending, covered with black cloth, and having an ordinary plate on +it, with this inscription, "Sir Walter Scott, of Abbotsford, Bart., aged +62." "Alas!" said we, as we followed the precious casket across the +courtyard—"alas! have these been the limits of so valuable a life?" +</p> + +<p> +Having followed the coffin until we saw it deposited in the hearse, +which stood on the outside of the great gate of the courtyard, we felt +ourselves unequal to returning into the apartment where the company were +assembled; and we continued to loiter about, seeking for points of +recollection which might strengthen the chain of association we wished +to indulge in. Our attention was attracted, by observing the window of +the study open, and we were led to look within, impelled by no idle or +blameable curiosity, but rather like a pilgrim approaching the shrine +where his warmest adoration has ever been paid. But, alas I the deep +tones of the venerable old Principal Baird, whose voice was heard in +earnest and impressive prayer, came upon us through an opposite door, +from the library beyond; and the affecting allusions which he uttered +again brought us back to the afflicting truth, that Sir Walter Scott was +gone from us for ever! +</p> + +<p> +The prayer was no sooner ended, than the company began to issue from +the house. The carriages had been previously assembled on the haugh +below, and were so arranged there, that they drove up in a continued +line; and as each passed the great gateway, it took up its owners, +and then proceeded. There certainly were not less than seventy +gentlemen's carriages of all descriptions, two-wheeled as well as +four-wheeled,—besides which there were a number of horsemen. The public +road runs along the face of the hill, immediately above the house, in a +direction from west to east; and the avenue leading from the gate of the +courtyard runs up the hill in a westerly direction, entering the public +road so obliquely as to produce a very awkward turn for carriages going +eastward towards Melrose. Until we had passed this point some little way +we could form no notion of the extent of the procession; but when we +were thus enabled to form some judgment of it, we perceived that it had +extended itself over about a mile of road. +</p> + +<p> +Ere yet we had left the immediate vicinity of the house, we discovered a +mournful group of women-servants weeping behind the hedge on our left, +whither they had hurried to take their last look of that hearse which +was carrying to the grave a kind and indulgent master, whose like they +had no hope ever to look upon again. +</p> + +<p> +The elevation of the road on the hill-side was such as to give us a full +view of the valley, and we could observe that the summit of many of the +little knolls at a distance, even those beyond the Tweed, were covered +with small clusters of rustic gazers, all intent + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page347" name="page347"></a>[pg 347]</span> + + upon a spectacle +equally calculated to move persons of every rank and description; and +every now and then we found a little knot of spectators assembled by the +way-side, whose motionless countenances and unbroken silence +sufficiently testified the nature of their feelings. +</p> + +<p> +As we approached the neat little village of Darnick, our attention was +forcibly arrested by a very striking token of woe. On the top of an +ancient tower—one of those, we believe, which Sir Walter has rendered +classical—was placed a flag-staff, from which depended a broad, black +banner of crape, or some other light material. There was not a breath +of air to stir the film of a gossamer, so that light as the material +seemed to be, it hung heavy and motionless—a sad and simple emblem, +that eloquently spoke the general village sorrow. This we found more +particularly expressed in detail, as we passed through the little +place, by the many minuter insignia of mourning which the individual +inhabitants had put on the fronts of their houses and shops—by the +suspension of business—and by the respectful manner in which the young +and the old, and people of both sexes, stood silently and reverently +before their respective dwellings, wrapt in that all-absorbing sorrow +which told how deeply he that was gone had rooted himself in their +affections. When the hearse drew near to his own Melrose, the bell +tolled sadly from the steeple of the church; and as we entered the +street, we saw that here, as elsewhere, the inhabitants had vied with +each other in unaffected and unpretending demonstrations of their +individual affliction. In the little market-place we found the whole +male population assembled, all decently dressed in deep mourning, +drawn up in two lines, and standing with their hats off, silent and +motionless. The effect of the procession when crossing the Fly Bridge +over the Tweed, and still more when winding around that high and long +sweep of the road which is immediately opposite to the promontory of Old +Melrose, was extremely striking and picturesque; and the view, looking +back from the high ground towards the Eildon hills and Melrose, over +the varied vale of the Tweed, till the eye was arrested by the distant +mountains, then seen under a rich Claude effect; and the devious course +of the river, betrayed by fragments of water that sparkled here and +there amid the yellow stubbles and green pastures, was exquisitely +beautiful. But nothing gave so much interest to this glorious scene +as the far-off woods of Abbotsford, then dimmed by the warm haze, and +melting, as it were, from their reality, and so reminding us even yet +more forcibly of the fleeting nature of all the things of this +perishable world. +</p> + +<p> +Having descended from our elevation, we entered the grounds of Dryburgh. +These occupy a comparatively level space, embraced by a bold sweep of +the Tweed, where the house of Dryburgh and the picturesque ruins of +Dryburgh Abbey, standing about two hundred yards distant from it, are +surrounded by groups of noble trees of all sorts, rare as well as +common; and among them the cedar is seen to throw out his gigantic limbs +with that freedom and vigour which could only be looked for on his +native Lebanon. The hearse drew up close to the house of Dryburgh; and +the, company, having quitted their carriages, pressed eagerly towards +it, Not one word was spoken; but, as if all had been under the influence +of some simultaneous instinct, they decently and decorously formed +themselves into two lines. The servants of the deceased, resolved that +no hireling should lay hands on the coffin of their master, approached +the hearse. Amongst these, the figure of the old coachman who had driven +Sir Walter for so many years was peculiarly remarkable, reverentially +bending to receive the coffin. No sooner did that black casket appear, +which contains all that now remains of the most precious of Scotia's +jewels, than, with downcast eyes and with countenances expressive of +the deepest veneration, every individual present took off his hat. +A moment's delay took place, whilst the faithful and attached servants +were preparing to bear the body, and whilst the relatives were arranging +themselves around it in the following order:— +</p> + +<table border="0" summary="order" align="center"> +<tr> +<td colspan="3"> +HEAD.<br /> +Major Sir <span class="sc">Walter Scott</span>, eldest son of the deceased.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>RIGHT.</td> +<td rowspan="5" style="width: 5em;"> +T<br /> +H<br /> +E<br /> + <br /> +B<br /> +O<br /> +D<br /> +Y. +</td> +<td>LEFT.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> <span class="sc">Charles Scott</span>, second Son.</td> +<td> <span class="sc">J. G. Lockhart</span>, Esq., Son-in-Law.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> <span class="sc">Charles Scott</span>, of Nesbitt, Cousin.</td> +<td> <span class="sc">James Scott</span>, Esq., of Nesbitt, Cousin.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> <span class="sc">William Scott</span>, Esq., of Raeburn, Cousin.</td> +<td> <span class="sc">Robert Rutherford</span>, Esq., W.S., Cousin.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> Colonel <span class="sc">Russell</span>, of Ashiesteel, Cousin.</td> +<td> <span class="sc">Hugh Scott</span>, Esq., of Harden.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="3">FOOT.<br /> +<span class="sc">William Keith</span>, Esq., of Edinburgh.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p> +When all were in their places, the bearers moved slowly forward, +preceded by two mutes in long cloaks, carrying poles covered with crape; +and no sooner had the coffin passed through the double line formed by +the company than the whole broke up, and followed in a thick press. +At the head was the Rev. J. Williams, rector of the Edinburgh Academy, +dressed in his canonicals as a clergyman of the Church of England; and +on his left hand walked Mr. Cadell, the well-known publisher of the +Waverley Works. There was a solemnity as well as a simplicity in the +whole of this spectacle which we never witnessed on any former occasion. +The long-robed mutes—the body, with its devotedly-attached and +deeply-afflicted supporters and attendants—the clergyman, whose +presence + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page348" name="page348"></a>[pg 348]</span> + + indicated the Christian belief and hopes of those assembled—and +the throng of uncovered and reverential mourners stole along beneath the +tall and umbrageous trees with a silence equal to that which is believed +to accompany those visionary funerals which have their existence only in +the superstitions of our country. The ruined Abbey disclosed itself +through the trees; and we approached its western extremity, where a +considerable portion of vaulted roof still remains to protect the poet's +family place of interment, which opens to the sides in lofty Gothic +arches, and is defended by a low rail of enclosure. At one extremity +of it, a tall, thriving young cypress rears its spiral form. Creeping +plants of different kinds, "with ivy never sere," have spread themselves +very luxuriantly over every part of the Abbey. Amongst other +decorations, we observed a plum-tree, which was, perhaps, at one period, +a prisoner, chained to the solid masonry, but which having long since +been emancipated, now threw out its wild, pendant branches, laden with +purple fruit, ready to drop, as if emblematical of the ripening and +decay of human life. +</p> + +<p> +In such a scene as this, then, it was, that the coffin of Sir Walter +Scott was set down on trestles placed outside the iron railing; and here +that solemn service, beginning with those words so cheering to the souls +of Christians, "I am the resurrection and the life," was solemnly read +by Mr. Williams. The manly, soldier-like features of the chief mourner, +on whom the eyes of sympathy were most naturally turned, betrayed at +intervals the powerful efforts which he made to master his emotions, as +well as the inefficiency of his exertions to do so. The other relatives +who surrounded the bier were deeply moved; and amid the crowd of weeping +friends no eye and no heart could be discovered that was not altogether +occupied in that sad and impressive ceremonial which was so soon to shut +from them for ever him who had been so long the common idol of their +admiration, and of their best affections. * * * +</p> + +<p> +It was not until the harsh sound of the hammers of the workmen who were +employed to rivet those iron bars covering the grave to secure it from +violation, had begun to echo from the vaulted roof, that some of us were +called to the full conviction of the fact, that the earth had for ever +closed over that form which we were wont to love and reverence; that eye +which we had so often seen beaming with benevolence, sparkling with wit, +or lighted up with a poet's phrenzy; those lips which we had so often +seen monopolizing the attention of all listeners, or heard rolling out, +with nervous accentuation, those powerful verses with which his head was +continually teeming; and that brow, the perpetual throne of generous +expression and liberal intelligence. Overwhelmed by the conviction of +the afflicting truth, men moved away without parting salutation, singly, +slowly, and silently. Tho day began to stoop down into twilight; and we, +too, after giving a last parting survey to the spot where now repose the +remains of our Scottish Shakspeare—a spot lovely enough to induce his +sainted spirit to haunt and sanctify its shades—hastily tore ourselves +away. +</p> + +<hr /> + + +<h3> + EFFECTS OF FASHIONABLE MANNERS AND CUSTOMS UPON SERVANTS AND TRADESMEN. +</h3> + +<center> +(<i>Concluded from page 332.</i>) +</center> + +<p> +The operation of the habits of fashionable life upon the class of +tradesmen whose custom lies in that direction, is not less injurious. +People of fashion are for the most part improvident: but even when +they are not so in the long run, it seems to be their pride to be +wantonly and perversely disorderly in the conduct of their pecuniary +transactions. The result of this to themselves is not here the point in +question, although there are few things which in their effects are more +certain to pervade the entire moral structure of the mind than habits +of order and punctuality, especially in money matters; nor is there +anything to which character and honour are more likely to give way than +to pecuniary difficulties. But we would speak of the consequences to the +tradesmen with whom they deal. In proportion to the delays which the +tradesman has had to contend with in procuring payment of the account, +is the degree of laxity with which he may expect to be favoured in the +examination of the items; especially if he have not omitted the visual +means of corrupting the fidelity of the servants. The accuracy of a bill +of old date is not in general very easily ascertainable, and it would +seem to be but an ungracious return for the accommodation which the +creditor has afforded, if the debtor were to institute a very strict +inquisition into the minutiæ of his claims. These considerations concur +with the habitual carelessness and indolence of people of fashion, as +inducements to them to lead their tradesmen into temptation. +</p> + +<p> +Again, people of fashion, though (with occasional coarse exceptions) +very <i>civil-spoken</i> to their tradesmen, are accustomed to show in their +conduct an utter disregard of what amount of trouble, inconvenience, and +vexation of spirit they may occasion, either by irregularity in paying +their bills, by requiring incessant attendance, or by a thousand +fanciful humours, changes of purpose, and fastidious objections. +Possibly, indeed, they are very little aware of the amount of it; so +inconsiderate are they of everything which is not made to dance before +their eyes, or to appeal to their sensibilities through their senses. +Their tradesmen, and the workmen whom their tradesmen employ, are +compelled, those by the competition they encounter in + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page349" name="page349"></a>[pg 349]</span> + + their business, +these by the necessities of their situation in life, to submit to all +the hardships and disquietudes which it is possible for fashionable +caprice to impose, without showing any sign of disturbance or +discontent; and because there is no outcry made, nor any pantomime +exhibited, the fashionable customer may possibly conceive that he +dispenses nothing but satisfaction among all with whom he deals. He +rests assured, moreover, that if he gives more trouble and inconvenience +than others <i>he pays for it</i>; the charges of the tradesmen of +fashionable people being excessively high. Here, however there is a +distinction to be taken. There is no doubt that all the fantastical +plagues and preposterous caprices which the spirit of fashion can +engender, will be submitted to for money; but he who supposes that the +outward submission will be accompanied by no inward feelings of +resentment or contempt, either is wholly ignorant of human nature, or +grossly abuses his better judgment. Between customer and tradesman the +balance is adjusted; between man and man there is an account which money +will not settle. It is not indeed to be desired, that any class of men +should be possessed With such a spirit of venal servility, as to be +really insensible to the folly and oppression which enters into the +exactions of fashionable caprice; or that, however compelled to be +obsequious in manner, they should altogether lose their perception of +what is due to common sense and to common consideration for others— +</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> + <p> "And by the body's action teach the mind</p> + <p> A most inherent baseness."</p> +</div></div> + + + +<p> +If such be the actual result in some instances, then is that consequence +still more to be regretted than the other. +</p> + +<p> +Moreover, if the master-tradesmen are willing to sell themselves into +this slavery, the consequence, to the much more numerous classes of +apprentices and journeymen, remains to be taken into the account. The +apprentices, at least, are not paid for the hardships which ensue to +them. There is an occurrence mentioned by George Alexander Steevens, of +a fashionable frequenter of taverns in his time, who threw the waiter +out of the window, and told the landlord to put him into the bill. Had +the landlord himself been the party ejected, this might or might not +have been a satisfactory proceeding, according to the light in which he +might be disposed to regard a contusion or a fracture. But it will +hardly be contended that such a proceeding could be satisfactory to the +waiter. Yet, we may seriously say, that the fate of the waiter was not +more to be deprecated, than that of some descriptions of the apprentices +of the trades-people who contend for the custom of the fashionable +world. +</p> + +<p> +Many is the milliner's apprentice whom every London season sends to +her grave, because the dresses of fine ladies must be completed with a +degree of celerity which nothing but night-labour can accomplish. To the +question, "When must it be done?" "Immediately;" is the readiest answer; +though it is an answer which would perhaps be less inconsiderately and +indiscriminately given, if it were known how many young creatures have +come to a premature death in consequence of it, and how many hearts have +been hardened by the oppression which it necessitates. Nor does the evil +stop there. The dressmakers' apprentices in a great city have another +alternative; and it is quite as much to escape from the intolerable +labours which are imposed upon them in the London season, as from any +sexual frailty, that such multitudes of them adopt a vocation which +affords some immediate relief, whilst it ensures a doubly fatal +termination of their career. The temptations by which these girls are +beset might be deemed all-sufficient, without the compulsion by which +they are thus as it were, driven out into the streets. Upon them, "the +fatal gift of beauty" has been more lavishly bestowed than upon any +other class—perhaps not excepting even the aristocracy. They are many +of them, probably, the spurious offspring of aristocratical fathers, +and inherit beauty for the same reason as the legitimate daughters of +aristocrats, because the wealth of these persons enables them to select +the most beautiful women either for wives or for concubines. Nor are +they wanting in the grace and simplicity of manner which distinguish the +aristocracy; whilst constant manual occupation produces in them more +vacuity of mind than even that which dissipation causes in their sisters +of the superior class. They are thus possessed of exterior attractions, +which will at any moment place them in a condition of comparative +affluence, and keep them in it so long as those attractions last,—a +period beyond which their portion of thought and foresight can scarcely +be expected to extend: whilst, on the other hand, they have before them +a most bitter and arduous servitude, constant confinement, probably +a severe task-mistress (whose mind is harassed and exacerbated by the +exigent and thoughtless demands of her employers), and a destruction of +health and bloom, which the alternative course of life can scarcely make +more certain or more speedy. Goethe was well aware how much light he +threw upon the seduction of Margaret, when he made her let fall a hint +of discontent at domestic hardships:— +</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> + <p> "Our humble household is but small,</p> + <p> And I, alas! must look to all.</p> + <p> We have no maid, and I may scarce avail</p> +<p class="i2"> To wake so early and to sleep so late;</p> + <p> And then my mother is in each detail</p> + <p> So accurate."<a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a></p> +</div></div> + +<p> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page350" name="page350"></a>[pg 350]</span> +</p> + +<p> +If people of fashion knew at what cost some of their imaginary wants +are gratified, it is possible that they might be disposed to forego the +gratification: it is possible, also, that they might not. On the one +hand they are not wanting in benevolence to the young and beautiful; the +juster charge against them being, that their benevolence extends no +farther. On the other hand, unless there be a visual perception of the +youth and beauty which is to suffer, or in some way a distinct image of +it presented, dissipation will not allow them a moment for the feelings +which reflection might suggest: +</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> + <p> "Than vanity there's nothing harder hearted;</p> + <p> For thoughtless of all sufferings unseen,</p> + <p> Of all save those which touch upon the round</p> + <p> Of the day's palpable doings, the vain man,</p> + <p> And oftener still the volatile woman vain,</p> + <p> Is busiest at heart with restless cares,</p> + <p> Poor pains and paltry joys, that make within</p> + <p> Petty yet turbulent vicissitude."</p> +</div></div> + +<hr class="full" /> + + +<h2> +NEW BOOKS. +</h2> + +<h3> +LEGENDS OF THE LIBRARY AT LILIES. BY THE LORD AND LADY THERE. +</h3> + +<p> +[These are two volumes of tales and sketches from the pens of Lord and +Lady Nugent, whose literary recreations have not unfrequently graced the +fair pages of our Annuals. They are ushered in by a few pleasant words +"by way of advertisement," describing in four pages the delights of his +Lordship's rural retirement at Lilies, in Buckinghamshire; and this +portion of the work is so inviting that we quote it.] +</p> + +<p> +If you would place yourself just midway between the three seas which +form the boundaries of southern England, you shall find yourself on a +small knoll, covered with antique elm, walnut, and sycamore trees, which +rises out of a vale famous in all time for the natural fertility of its +soil, and the moral virtues of its people. On this knoll, fitly called +by our ancestors "the Heart of South Britain," stood, distant about +half a mile from each other, two monasteries, known by the flowery +appellatives of Lilies and Roses; not unaptly setting forth a promise of +all that can recommend itself as fair and sweet unto the gentler senses. +These edifices have, for many centuries, been no more; but, on the site +of the first mentioned of the two, standeth a small mansion, of Tudor +architecture, bearing still its ancient name. Of the monastery little +memorial, beyond the name, remains; save only that under a small +enclosed space, erewhile its cemetery, now a wilderness of flowers, the +bones of the monks repose. Two lines of artificial slope to the westward +mark the boundaries of the pleasaunce, where they took their recreation, +and cultivated their lentils and fruits; and a range of thickly-walled +cellar still retains the same destination and office as when it +furnished to those holy men their more generous materials of refection. +</p> + +<p> +What more shall be said of the mansion, or of the domain, full seventy +statute acres, which surrounds it?—of the herds and flocks content to +thrive in silence on the richness of its fields, and thrive they do in +wondrous measure of prosperity? Nothing.—Nor much of that more gamesome +troop of idle steeds, though pleasant to their master's eve, who, on its +green expanse, frisk and gambol out a sportive colthood, or graze and +hobble through a tranquil old age, with the active and laborious honours +of a public life past, but not forgotten. Little shall be said of that +smooth and narrow pool, scarce visible among the rising shrubs which +belt in and shroud the grounds from the incurious wayfarer; or of such +carp and tench as, having escaped the treacherous toils of the nightly +plunderer, gasp and tumble on its surface, delighting to display their +golden pride in the mid-day sun, before the gaze of lawful possession. +Nor shall the casual reader be led carelessly and wearily to note the +many sweet memorials of private friendship, records of the living and +the dead, which, standing forth from amid the lightsome glades and leafy +shadows around, make the place sacred to many a strong affection. +Romantic the scenery without is not, and for spacious halls and gorgeous +canopies the eye may search in vain within. But for the warm cheer of +the little oak library,—for the quaint carvings, the tracery of other +times, which abound therein,—for the awful note of the blood-hound, +baying upon his midnight chain,—and the pleasing melancholy of the +hooting owl from his hereditary chamber in the roof,—and for the +tunefulness of the cooing wood-quests, and the morning rooks which +bustle and caw, and of the high winds that pipe and roar, daily and +nightly, through the boughs,—and for the deep glossy verdure of the +pastures stretching forth to the brave distant hills which fence the +vale,—to those, who in such things take delight, Lilies hath still +its charms. +</p> + +<p> +From the fireside of the afore-mentioned little oak library the +following legends proceed. +</p> + +<p> +[Few of the pieces fall under the denomination of "Legends," if we +except "the Feast of alle Deuiles, an ancient ballad;" "the Costly +Dague;" "the Ladye's Counselloure;" and "the Dole of Tichborne;" which +are in the quaint olden style. Throughout the other papers there is a +pleasant spice of dry humour and knowledge of character, intermixed +with a few touches of pathos, and a nice perception of the finest +affections: now, with these various characteristics, the legends must +prove attractive and amusing. We have only space to quote briefly from +one of the most desultory of the papers—an ingenious one, on "Solecisms +in Language."] +</p> + +<p> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page351" name="page351"></a>[pg 351]</span> +</p> + +<p> +"Is it your <i>pleasure</i>," now and then asks a dentist, "is it your +<i>pleasure</i> to have your tooth out to-day?" +</p> + +<p> +"I do not care a pin," is a very ordinary figure of speech, but of +doubtful propriety; for one's indifference, it appears to me, must very +much depend on the position of the pin. In the cushion of one's chair, +for instance, it is absolutely disagreeable, and what one should care +very much about. +</p> + +<p> +The word "poor" is an epithet in very common misuse. It is often brought +into play, especially in its plaintive sense, in situations, where, poor +thing, it scarcely knows itself, and where there is not the slightest +provocation to account for the use of it. It is degraded to the +condition of a mere expletive; and, where there is a real good call for +it, how often is it thrust upon the wrong person, the one who, were he +consulted, would disclaim all compassion. +</p> + +<p> +"<i>Poor</i> Mr. ——, only think of him, <i>poor</i> fellow! How very +odd! I believe he was not in joke. He told me a distant connection of +his, of another name, whom he never knew till after he heard that the +thing happened, who had been transported to New South Wales a matter of +sixteen years ago, is to be hanged to-morrow, by way of a secondary +punishment, for coming back from transportation." +</p> + +<p> +The audience were profuse in their repetition of the epithet—generous +to excess in the free gift of it to Mr. ——. They did not happen to +consider it applicable to him who, for an unlawful love of native +country, was to undergo a violent and disgraceful death. +</p> + +<p> +This, to be sure, might be attributed to the feeling that so many good +regular people have, that it is highly blameable to pity any man who +suffers capitally for a breach of the law; that it would be, in some +sort, to question the justice of the laws themselves. And the ten or +a dozen honest souls that formed the company were probably so good +themselves as to be justly scandalized at the notion of holding so much +communion with guilt, as to sympathize with it in its sufferings. But +I believe, after all, it was rather a flow of idiom than an effort of +principle. +</p> + +<p> +Mr. Small, a farmer, well to do in ——shire, fell ill of an acute and +dangerous disorder. (By the by, every one was anxious to know if "poor" +Mrs. Small's husband was better.) He died,—Mrs. Small was, of course, +in decent affliction. But the word of pity was always transferred from +the principal sufferer to her, till he was beyond suffering. Then first +it was bestowed on the "poor" corpse, which every one came to visit, and +flattered as looking "pleasant." +</p> + +<p> +Mrs. Small herself, in the first letter of her widowhood, addressed to +an intimate female friend, did not make a more judicious application of +the favourite epithet. To this friend it was her habit to write once +a quarter. We insert three passages; one extracted from each of these +quarterly epistles, which followed in due succession after her sad +bereavement:— +</p> + +<p> +"Dear Nelly,—My brother-in-law has given the direction of the funeral +to a good economical undertaker, by name Peebles. I have not seen him, +and am not like; for he is in too large a way to attend himself, and he +sends his man for orders, and to see all done handsome, but cheap. +</p> + +<p> +"<i>Poor</i> Mr. Peebles's man came here last night, and the funeral +will be to-morrow. I am in much trouble, as might be expected. My +<i>poor</i> new black bonnet is not come home, and keeps me fretting; +but <i>poor</i> Peebles's man says I shan't be disappointed, even if he +has to go for it himself. <i>Poor</i> Peebles's man! he is up early and +down late, to see all right. He was in my room this morning before I was +out of bed, that all might be decent, &c. &c. &c. Yours to command, dear +Nelly, <span class="sc">Mary Small</span>." +</p> + +<p> +"Dear Nelly,—It is now three months and better since that <i>poor</i> +coffin was put under ground, and I declare I feel quite queer and +lonesome without it. But business goes on quite well and brisk. <i>Poor +kind</i> Peebles's man! he is off and on; almost always about the house, +doing some kind job or other. He is a very decent body; but, I don't +know how it is, I'm not to say comfortable. There's a sad noise with my +sister's family. You know I never <i>could</i> bear children. My late +husband, that's gone, was the only one of the family that could. I am +sure I don't know what I could do without <i>poor dear</i> Peebles's +man. Yours to command, dear Nelly, <span class="sc">Mary Small</span>. +</p> + +<p> +"Dear Nelly,—<i>Poor dear kind</i> Peebles's man has never left here; +he's my right hand, and he is a very decent body indeed. It is now six +<i>good</i> months since that <i>poor</i> funeral took place. I find I +am not fit to live alone: I was married this morning to <i>poor</i> +Peebles's man. Your sincere friend, dear Nelly, <span class="sc">Mary Merrimate</span>. +</p> + +<p> +"P.S. Excuse my change of name." +</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + + + +<h2> +THE GATHERER. +</h2> + +<p> +<i>Electioneering.</i>—In 1749, during the great contested election +for Westminster, when Lord Trentham and Sir George Vandeput were +candidates, Dr. Barrowby greatly interested himself in favour of the +latter, who was put up to oppose the Court party. The doctor had for +some weeks attended the noted Joe Weatherby, landlord of the Ben +Jonson's Head, in Russell-street, who had become emaciated by a nervous +fever. During Dr. Barrowby's visits, the patient's wife, not knowing the +doctor's political attachment, had frequently + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page352" name="page352"></a>[pg 352]</span> + + expressed her uneasiness +that her dear Joey could not get up, and vote for <i>her</i> good friend +Lord Trentham. Towards the end of the election, when very uncommon means +were used on both sides to obtain the suffrages of the people, the +doctor, calling one morning on his patient, to his great astonishment, +found him up and almost dressed.—"Hey-dey! what's the cause of this?" +exclaimed Barrowby. "Dear Doctor," said poor Joe, in broken accents, "I +am going to poll."—"To poll!" replied the doctor, with much warmth, +supposing him of the same opinion with his wife, "going to the d—l, you +mean!—why, do you know the cold air may kill you. Get to bed, get to +bed, man, as fast as you can, or immediate death may ensue!"—"Oh! if +that is the case, sir," returned the patient in a feeble voice, "to be +sure I must act as you advise me; but I love my country, sir, and +thought, while my wife was out, to seize this opportunity to go to +Covent-garden church, and vote for Sir G. Vandeput."—"How, Joe! for Sir +George?"—"Yes, sir, I wish him heartily well."—"Do you?" said the +medical politician. "Hold, nurse! don't pull off his stockings again; +let me feel his pulse. Hey! very well—a good, firm stroke—Egad! this +will do. You took the pills I ordered last night?"—"Yes, doctor, but +they made me very sick."—"Ay, so much the better. How did your master +sleep, nurse?"—"O charmingly, sir."—"Did he! Well, if his mind is +really uneasy about this election, he must be indulged; diseases of the +mind greatly affect those of the body. Come, come, throw a great coat or +blanket about him. It is a fine day; but the sooner he goes the +better—the sun will be down early. Here, here, lift him up; a ride will +do him good; he shall go with me to the hustings in my chariot." The +doctor was directly obeyed; and poor Joe Weatherby was conveyed in the +carriage to the hustings, where he gave his vote according to his +conscience, amidst the acclamations of the people; and two hours after +his politico-medical adviser had left him at his own house, Joe departed +this life, loaded with the reproaches of his beloved wife, and her +friends of the Court party. +</p> + +<h4> +SWAINE. +</h4> + + +<p> +<i>A Warning to Critics.</i>—Zoilus, the critic, was called the +rhetorical dog: rhetorical, as his style was elegant, and dog, from +his practice of snarling.—Vitruvius tells us, that when he visited +Alexandria, he recited his writings against the <i>Iliad</i> and +<i>Odyssey</i> of Homer to King Ptolemy, which gave the king such +offence, that he would take no notice of him; and afterwards, when, +urged by indigence, he solicited charity, Ptolemy pulsed him with this +contemptuous reflection, that if Homer, who had been dead one thousand +years, could by his works give maintenance to many thousand people, +a writer so much his superior might surely maintain himself. +</p> +<h4> +P.T.W. +</h4> +<hr /> +<p> +Some years since, an eccentric gentleman built himself a villa upon the +brow of one of the loftiest of the Surrey hills, to avoid annoyance from +the curious; but the odd situation of his residence drew scores of +visiters. This reminds us of some lines by Cowley— +</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2"> I should have then this only fear,</p> + <p> Lest men, when they my pleasures see,</p> + <p> Should hither throng to live like me,</p> +<p class="i2"> And so make a city here.</p> +</div></div> +<hr /> +<p> +<i>Imperial Ignorance.</i>—Alexius Comnenus, Emperor of Constantinople, +was an arrant dunce: Fuller says, "he hated a booke more than a monster +did a looking-glasse; and when his tutor endeavoured to play him into +scholarship, by presenting pleasant authors unto him, he returned, that +learning was beneath the greatnesse of a prince, who, if wanting it, +might borrow it from his subjects, being better stor'd; <i>for</i> +(saith hee) <i>if they will not lend me their braines, I'll take away +their heads!</i>" +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +<i>Party Spirit.</i>—Fuller did not think party madness; for, he says +such men as will side with neither party "hope, though the great vessel +of the state be wrecked, in a private fly-boat of neutrality, to waft +their own private adventure safe to the shore. But who ever saw dancers +on ropes so equally poise themselves, that at last they fall not down +and break their necks?" +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +<i>A Court Jester.</i>—Fuller thus describes one: "Of this fellow, his +body, downwards, was a fool, his head a knave, who did carefully note, +and cunningly vent, by the privileges of his coat, many state-passages, +uttering them, in a <i>wary twilight</i>, betwixt sport and earnest." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +<i>An Excellent Courtier.</i>—Sir Walter Raleigh speaks of Queen +Elizabeth, when sixty years of age, "riding like Alexander, hunting like +Diana, walking like Venus, the gentle wind blowing her fair hair about +her pure cheeks like a nymph,—sometime sitting in the shade like a +goddess, sometime singing like an angell, sometime playing like +Orpheus." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +<i>A Lock-et.</i>—Mark Scaliot, blacksmith, in the 20th of Queen +Elizabeth, made a lock of eleven pieces of iron, steel, and brass, with +a pipe key, and golden chain of forty-three links, which were hung round +the neck of a flea.—The animal, together with this burthen, weighed +only one grain and a half. +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +<i>Oil.</i>—Both rape-oil and olive-oil were used in ancient cookery, +as appears from the provision bought for Archbishop Warham's dinner. +</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p> +<i>Printed and published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset +House) London; sold by G.G. BENNIS, 55, Rue Neuve, St. Augustin, Paris; +CHARLES JUGEL, Francfort; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers.</i> +</p> + + +<hr class="full" /> + +<blockquote class="footnote"> +<a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a> +<b>Footnote 1</b>: +<a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> +<p> +The Marchese Scipione Maffèi was a native of Verona, contemporary +with Gio. Baptista Felice Zappi, Vincenzio di Filicaja, and other +Italian poets, who associated themselves together in an academy, +which they entitled Arcadia. The pastoral name conferred upon +the Marquess was Orilto Barentatico. +</p> +<p> +<i>Vide Rime degli Arcadi, Venice</i>, MDCCLXXIX. +</p> +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"> +<a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a> +<b>Footnote 2</b>: +<a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> +<p> +A celebrated stag-hound, which Sir Walter received from Glengarry. +</p> +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"> +<a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a> +<b>Footnote 3</b>: +<a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> +<p> +Faust: Lord F.L. Gower's translation. +</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, Vol. 20, No. 577, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE *** + +***** This file should be named 17728-h.htm or 17728-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/7/7/2/17728/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, Vol. 20, No. 577 + Volume 20, Number 577, Saturday, November 24, 1832 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: February 9, 2006 [EBook #17728] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + + +THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION. + +VOL. XX, No. 577.] SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 24, 1832. [PRICE 2d. + + * * * * * + + + + +[Illustration: DOMESTIC ANTIQUITIES.] + +DOMESTIC ANTIQUITIES. + + +The first of these archaeological rarities is a pair of Snuffers, +found in Dorsetshire sixty-four years since, and engraved in Hutchins's +history of that county. They were discovered, says the historian, +"in the year 1768, in digging the foundation of a granary, at the +foot of a hill adjoining to Corton mansion house (formerly the seat +of the respectable family of the Mohuns), in the parish of St. Peter, +Portisham. They are of brass, and weigh six ounces: the great difference +between these and the modern utensils of the same nature and use is, +that these are in shape like a heart fluted, and consequently terminate +in a point. They consist of two equal lateral cavities, by the edges of +which the snuff is cut off, and received into the cavities, from which +it is not got out without particular application and trouble." + +"There are two circumstances attending this little utensil which seem to +bespeak it of considerable age: the roughness of the workmanship, which +is in all respects as crude and course as can be well imagined, and the +awkwardness of the form." + +So little is known of the comparatively recent introduction of snuffers +into this country, that the above illustration will be acceptable to the +observer of domestic origins and antiquities. See also _Mirror_, vol. +xi. p. 74. + +The KEY, annexed, was the property of Mr. Gough, the eminent +topographer, and is supposed to have been used as a passport by some of +the family of Stawel, whose arms it bears. + + * * * * * + + +LINES + +ADDRESSED TO A PARTY OF YOUNG LADIES VISITING THE CATACOMBS AT PARIS. + +(_From the French of M. Emanuel Dupaty_.) + +BY E.B. IMPEY, ESQ. + + + While life is young and pleasure new, + Ah! why the shades of Death explore? + Better, ere May's sweet prime is o'er, + The primrose path of joy pursue: + The torch, the lamps' sepulchral fire, + Their paleness on your charms impress, + And glaring on your loveliness, + Death mocks what living eyes desire. + Approach! the music of your tread + No longer bids the cold heart beat: + For ruling Beauty boasts no seat + Of empire o'er the senseless dead! + Yet, if their lessons profit aught, + Ponder, or ere ye speed away, + Those feet o'er flowers were form'd to stray, + No death-wrought causeway, grimly wrought, + Of ghastly bones and mould'ring clay. + To gayer thoughts and scenes arise; + Nor ever veil those sun-bright eyes + From sight of bliss and light of day-- + Save when in pity to mankind + Love's fillet o'er their lids ye bind. + + * * * * * + + +HOLLAND. + + +Holland derives its name from the German word _Hohl_, synonymous +with the English term hollow, and denoting a concave, or very hollow, +low country. + +This country originally formed part of the territory of the Belgae, +conquered by the Romans, 47 years before Christ. A sovereignty, founded +by Thierry, first Count of Holland, A.D. 868, continued till the year +1417, when it passed, by surrender, to the Duke of Burgundy. In 1534, +being oppressed by the Bishop of Utrecht, the people ceded the country +to Spain. The Spanish tyranny being insupportable, they revolted, and +formed the republic called the United Provinces, by the Union of +Utrecht, 1579. When they were expelled the Low Countries by the Duke of +Alva, they retired to England; and having equipped a small fleet of +forty sail, under the command of Count Lumay, they sailed towards this +coast--being called, in derision, "_gueux_," or _beggars of the sea_. +Upon the duke's complaining to Queen Elizabeth, that they were pirates, +she compelled them to leave England; and accordingly they set sail for +Enckhuysen; but the wind being unfavourable, they accidentally steered +towards the isle of Voorn, attacked the town of Briel, took possession +of it, and made it the first asylum of their liberty. + +In 1585, a treaty was concluded between the States of Holland and +Queen Elizabeth; and Briel was one of the cautionary towns delivered +into her hands for securing the fulfilment of their engagements. It was +garrisoned by the English during her reign, and part of the next, but +restored to the States in 1616. + +The office of Stadtholder, or Captain-General of the United Provinces, +was made hereditary in the Prince of Orange's family, not excepting +females, 1747. A revolt was formed, but prevented by the Prussians, +1787. The country was invaded by the French in 1793, who took possession +of it January, 1795, and expelled the Stadtholder: it was erected into +a kingdom by the commands of Buonaparte, and the title of king given +to his brother Louis, June 5, 1806. Its changes since this period are +familiar to the reader of contemporary history. + +Lord Chesterfield, in his _Letters to his Son_, says--"Holland, +where you are going, is by far the finest and richest of the Seven +United Provinces, which, altogether, form the republic. The other +provinces are Guelderland, Zealand, Friesland, Utrecht, Groningen, +and Overyssel. These seven provinces form what is called the +States-General of the United Provinces: this is a very powerful, and a +very considerable republic. I must tell you that a republic is a free +state, without any king. You will go first to the Hague, which is the +most beautiful village in the world, for it is not a town. Amsterdam, +reckoned the capital of the United Provinces, is a very fine, rich city. +There are besides in Holland several considerable towns--such as Dort, +Haerlem, Leyden, Delft, and Rotterdam. You will observe throughout +Holland the greatest cleanliness: the very streets are cleaner than our +houses are here. Holland carries on a very great trade, particularly to +China, Japan, and all over the East Indies." + +P.T.W. + + * * * * * + + +THE HAWTHORN WELL. + + +[The following lines are associated with a singular species of +popular superstition which may in some measure, explain the "pale +cast of thought" that pervades them. They are written by a native of +Northumberland. "The Hawthorn Well," was a _Rag Well_, and so +called from persons formerly leaving rags there for the cure of +certain diseases. Bishop Hall, in his Triumphs of Rome, ridicules a +superstitious prayer of the Popish Church for the "blessing of clouts +in the way of cure of diseases;" and Mr. Brand asks, "Can it have +originated thence?" He further observes:--"this absurd custom is not +extinct even at this day: I have formerly frequently observed shreds or +bits of rag upon the bushes that overhang a well in the road to Benton, +a village in the vicinity of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, which, from that +circumstance, is now or was very lately called _The Rag Well_. This +name is undoubtedly of long standing: probably it has been visited for +some disease or other, and these rag-offerings are the relics of the +then prevailing popular superstition."--_Brand's Popular Antiquities_, +vol. ii. p. 270.] + + + "From hill, from dale, each charm is fled; + Groves, flocks, and fountains, please no more." + + + No joy, nor hope, no pleasure, nor its dream, + Now cheers my heart. The current of my life + Seems settled to a dull, unruffled lake, + Deep sunk 'midst gloomy rocks and barren hills; + Which tempests only stir and clouds obscure; + Unbrightened by the cheerful beam of day, + Unbreathed on by the gentle western breeze, + Which sweeps o'er pleasant meads and through the woods, + Stirring the leaves which seem to dance with joy. + No more the beauteous landscape in its pride + Of summer loveliness--when every tree + Is crowned with foliage, and each blooming flower + Speaks by its breath its presence though unseen-- + For me has charms; although in early days, + Ere care and grief had dulled the sense of joy, + No eye more raptured gazed upon the scene + Of woody dell, green slope, or heath-clad hill; + Nor ear with more delight drank in the strains + Warbled by cheerful birds from every grove, + Or thrilled by larks up-springing to the sky. + + From the hill side--where oft in tender youth + I strayed, when hope, the sunshine of the mind, + Lent to each lovely scene, a double charm + And tinged all objects with its golden hues-- + There gushed a spring, whose waters found their way + Into a basin of rude stone below. + A thorn, the largest of its kind, still green + And flourishing, though old, the well o'erhung; + Receiving friendly nurture at its roots + From what its branches shaded; and around + The love-lorn primrose and wild violet grew, + With the faint bubbling of that limpid fount. + + Here oft the shepherd came at noon-tide heat + And sat him down upon the bank of turf + Beneath the thorn, to eat his humble meal + And drink the crystal from that cooling spring. + Here oft at evening, in that placid hour + When first the stars appear, would maidens come + To fill their pitchers at the Hawthorn Well, + Attended by their swains; and often here + Were heard the cheerful song and jocund laugh + Which told of heart-born gladness, and awoke + The slumbering echoes in the distant wood. + + But now the place is changed. The pleasant path, + Which wound so gently up the mountain side + Is overgrown with bent and russet heath; + The thorn is withered to a moss-clad stump, + And the fox kennels where the turf-bank rose! + The primrose and wild violet now no more + Spread their soft fragrance round. The hollow stone + Is rent and broken; and the spring is dry! + + * * * * * + + But yesterday I passed the spot, in thought + Enwrapped--unlike the fancies which played round + My heart in life's sweet morning, bright and brief: + And as I stood and gazed upon the change, + Methought a voice low whispered in my ear: + "Thy destiny is linked with that low spring; + Its course is changed, and so for aye shall be + The tenor of thy life; and anxious cares, + And fruitless wishes, springing without hope, + Shall rankle round thy heart, like those foul weeds + Which now grow thick where flow'rets bloomed anew:-- + Like to that spring, thy fount of joy is dry!" + + + * * * * * + + + + +LINES + +_From the Italian of Scipione Maffei_[1] + +BY E.B. IMPEY. + + + Quivi qual foste gia, non qual sarete. + Con diletto mirando, in onta agli anni + Vostre belle sembianze ancor vedrete. + + + Scorn not, dear maid, this fond but faithful lay, + That pictures, on no perishable page, + Thy beauties, rescued from the spoils of age, + To live and blossom with thy poet's bay: + For when remorseless Time brings on decay, + When the loath'd mirror shall no more engage + Thy smiles, distorted into grief and rage, + Alas! to think that youth must pass away-- + Then in these lines contented shall thou trace, + As in a lovelier glass, thy lasting charms, + Not as they shall be, but as now they grace, + Fresh in the bud of youth, these circling arms. + + + [1] The Marchese Scipione Maffei was a native of Verona, contemporary + with Gio. Baptista Felice Zappi, Vincenzio di Filicaja, and other + Italian poets, who associated themselves together in an academy, + which they entitled Arcadia. The pastoral name conferred upon + the Marquess was Orilto Barentatico. + + _Vide Rime degli Arcadi, Venice_, MDCCLXXIX. + + * * * * * + + +LAWS RELATING TO BACHELORS. + +(_To the Editor._) + + +At page 53 of the present volume, your Correspondent "E.J.H." in his +remarks on "Laws relating to Bachelors," states at the conclusion +thereof as follows:-- + +"In England, bachelors are not left to go forgotten to their solitary +graves. There was a tax laid on them by the 7th William III., after the +25th year of their age, which was 12_l._ 10_s._ for a duke, +and 1_s._ for a commoner. At present they are taxed by an extra +duty upon their servants--for a male, 1_l._ 5_s._, for a female, +2_s._ 6_d._ above the usual duties leviable upon servants." + +Your Correspondent certainly must be in error upon these points, as the +additional duty to which bachelors in England are liable under the +present Tax Acts, for a male Servant, is only 1_l._ (the usual duty +leviable for such servant being 1_l._ 4 _s._); and there is +not, that I am aware of, any law in existence in England taxing any +person in respect of female servants. + +R.J. + +_Alton, Hants._ + + * * * * * + + + + +THE NATURALIST. + + +DEER OF NORTH-AMERICA, AND THE MODE OF HUNTING THEM. + +(_From Featherstonehaugh's Journal._) + + +Deer are more abundant than at the first settlement of the country. +They increase to a certain extent with the population. The reason of +this appears to be, that they find protection in the neighbourhood of +man from the beasts of prey that assail them in the wilderness, and from +whose attacks their young particularly can with difficulty escape. +They suffer most from the wolves, who hunt in packs like hounds, and +who seldom give up the chase until a deer is taken. We have often sat, +on a moonlight summer night, at the door of a log-cabin in one of our +prairies, and heard the wolves in full chase of a deer, yelling very +nearly in the same manner as a pack of hounds. Sometimes the cry would +be heard at a great distance over the plain: then it would die away, and +again be distinguished at a nearer point, and in another direction;--now +the full cry would burst upon us from a neighbouring thicket, and we +would almost hear the sobs of the exhausted deer;--and again it would be +borne away, and lost in the distance. We have passed nearly whole nights +in listening to such sounds; and once we saw a deer dash through the +yard, and immediately past the door at which we sat, followed by his +audacious pursuers, who were but a few yards in his rear.--Immense +numbers of deer are killed every year by our hunters, who take them for +their hams and skins alone, throwing away the rest of the carcass. +Venison hams and hides are important articles of export; the former are +purchased from the hunters at 25 cents a pair, the latter at 20 cents a +pound. In our villages we purchase for our tables the saddle of venison, +with the hams attached, for 37-1/2 cents, which would be something like +one cent a pound.--There are several ways of hunting deer, all of which +are equally simple. Most frequently the hunter proceeds to the woods on +horseback, in the day-time, selecting particularly certain hours, which +are thought to be most favourable. It is said, that, during the season +when the pastures are green, this animal rises from his lair precisely +at the rising of the moon, whether in the day or night; and I suppose +the fact to be so, because such is the testimony of experienced hunters. +If it be true, it is certainly a curious display of animal instinct. +This hour is therefore always kept in view by the hunter, as he rides +slowly through the forest, with his rifle on his shoulder, while his +keen eye penetrates the surrounding shades. On beholding a deer, the +hunter slides from his horse, and, while the deer is observing the +latter, creeps upon him, keeping the largest trees between himself and +the object of pursuit, until he gets near enough to fire. An expert +woodsman seldom fails to hit his game. It is extremely dangerous to +approach a wounded deer. Timid and harmless as this animal is at other +times, he no sooner finds himself deprived of the power of flight, than +he becomes furious, and rushes upon his enemy, making desperate plunges +with his sharp horns, and striking and trampling furiously with his +forelegs, which, being extremely muscular and armed with sharp hoofs, +are capable of inflicting very severe wounds. Aware of this +circumstance, the hunter approaches him with caution, and either secures +his prey by a second shot, where the first has been but partially +successful, or, as is more frequently the case, causes his dog to seize +the wounded animal, while he watches his own opportunity to stab him +with his hunting-knife. Sometimes where a noble buck is the victim, and +the hunter is impatient or inexperienced, terrible conflicts ensue on +such occasions. Another mode is to watch at night, in the neighbourhood +of the salt-licks. These are spots where the earth is impregnated with +saline particles, or where the salt-water oozes through the soil. Deer +and other grazing animals frequent such places, and remain for hours +licking the earth. The hunter secretes himself here, either in the thick +top of a tree, or most generally in a screen erected for the purpose, +and artfully concealed, like a mask-battery, with logs or green boughs. +This practice is pursued only in the summer, or early in the autumn, in +cloudless nights, when the moon shines brilliantly, and objects may be +readily discovered. At the rising of the moon, or shortly after, the +deer having risen from their beds approach the lick. Such places are +generally denuded of timber, but surrounded by it; and as the animal is +about to emerge from the shade into the clear moonlight, he stops, +looks cautiously around and snuffs the air. Then he advances a few +steps, and stops again, smells the ground, or raises his expanded +nostrils, as if "he snuffed the approach of danger in every tainted +breeze." The hunter sits motionless, and almost breathless, waiting +until the animal shall get within rifle-shot, and until its position, in +relation to the hunter and the light, shall be favourable, when he fires +with an unerring aim. A few deer only can be thus taken in one night, +and after a few nights, these timorous animals are driven from the +haunts which are thus disturbed. Another method is called +_driving_, and is only practised in those parts of the country +where this kind of game is scarce, and where hunting is pursued as an +amusement. A large party is made up, and the hunters ride forward with +their dogs. The hunting ground is selected, and as it is pretty well +known what tracts are usually taken by the deer when started, an +individual is placed at each of those passages to intercept the +retreating animal. The scene of action being in some measure, +surrounded, small parties advance with the dogs in different directions, +and the startled deer, in flying, generally fly by some of the persons +who are concealed, and who fire at them as they pass. + + * * * * * + + +WOLVES OF NORTH AMERICA. + +(_From Featherstonehaugh's Journal._) + + +Wolves are very numerous in every part of the state. There are two +kinds: the common or black wolf, and the prairie wolf. The former is +a large, fierce animal, and very destructive to sheep, pigs, calves, +poultry, and even young colts. They hunt in large packs, and after using +every stratagem to circumvent their prey, attack it with remarkable +ferocity. Like the Indian, they always endeavour to surprise their +victim, and strike the mortal blow without exposing themselves to +danger. They seldom attack man except when asleep or wounded. The +largest animals, when wounded, entangled, or otherwise disabled, become +their prey, but in general they only attack such as are incapable of +resistance. They have been known to lie in wait upon the bank of a +stream, which the buffaloes were in the habit of crossing, and, when one +of those unwieldy animals was so unfortunate as to sink in the mire, +spring suddenly upon it and worry it to death, while thus disabled +from resistance. Their most common prey is the deer, which they hunt +regularly; but all defenceless animals are alike acceptable to their +ravenous appetites. When tempted by hunger, they approach the +farm-houses in the night, and snatch their prey from under the very eye +of the farmer; and when the latter is absent with his dogs, the wolf is +sometimes seen by the females lurking about in mid-day, as if aware of +the unprotected state of the family. Our heroic females have sometimes +shot them under such circumstances. The smell of burning assafoetida +has a remarkable effect upon this animal. If a fire be made in the +woods, and a portion of this drug thrown into it, so as to saturate the +atmosphere with the odour, the wolves, if any are within the reach of +the scent, immediately assemble around, howling in the most mournful +manner; and such is the remarkable fascination under which they seem to +labour, that they will often suffer themselves to be shot down rather +than quit the spot. Of the very few instances of their attacking human +beings of which we have heard, the following may serve to give some idea +of their habits. In very early times, a Negro man was passing in the +night in the lower part of Kentucky from one settlement to another. The +distance was several miles, and the country over which he travelled +entirely unsettled. In the morning, his carcass was found entirely +stripped of flesh. Near it lay his axe, covered with blood, and all +around, the bushes were beaten down, the ground trodden, and the number +of foot-tracks so great, as to show that the unfortunate victim had +fought long and manfully. On following his track, it appeared that the +wolves had pursued him for a considerable distance; and that he had +often turned upon them and driven them back. Several times they had +attacked him, and been repelled, as appeared by the blood and tracks. +He had killed some of them before the final onset, and in the last +conflict had destroyed several; his axe was his only weapon. The _prairie +wolf_ is a smaller species, which takes its name from its habits, or +residing entirely upon the open plains. Even when hunted with dogs, it +will make circuit after circuit round the prairie, carefully avoiding +the forest, or only dashing into it occasionally when hard pressed, and +then returning to the plain. In size and appearance this animal is +midway between the wolf and the fox, and in colour it resembles the +latter, being of a very light red. It preys upon poultry, rabbits, young +pigs calves, &c. The most friendly relations subsist between this animal +and the common wolf, and they constantly hunt in packs together. Nothing +is more common than to see a large, black wolf in company with several +prairie wolves. I am well satisfied that the latter is the jackall of +Asia. Several years ago, an agricultural society, which was established +at the seat of government, offered a large premium to the person who +should kill the greatest number of wolves in one year. The legislature, +at the same time offered a bounty for each wolf-scalp that should be +taken. The consequence was, that the expenditure for wolf-scalps became +so great, as to render it necessary to repeal the law. These animals, +although still numerous, and troublesome to the farmer, are greatly +decreased in number, and are no longer dangerous to man. We know of no +instances in late years of a human being having been attacked by wolves. + + * * * * * + + +CEDAR TREES. + + +There are now growing on the grounds of Greenfield Lodge, two cedar +trees of the immense height of 150 feet; the girth of one is 11 ft. +7 in. and its branches extend 50 feet; the girth of the other is 8 ft. +7 in.--_Chester Chronicle._ + + * * * * * + + +GIGANTIC WHALE. + + +The skeleton of the whalebone whale which was cast ashore at North +Berwick last year, and whose measurement so far exceeds the ordinary +dimensions of animated nature as positively to require to be seen before +being believed, is now in course of preparation, and we believe will be +set up in such a manner as to enable scientific men to examine it with +every advantage. The baleen (commonly called whalebone) has been +prepared with infinite care and trouble, and will be placed in its +original section in the palate. If there be one part more remarkable +than another, it is the appearance of the baleen, or whalebone, when +occupying its natural position; the prodigious quantity (upwards of two +tons), and, at the same time, mechanical beauty connected with every +part of the unique mass, rendering it beyond the power of language to +describe, or give the slightest idea of it. The skull, or brainbone, was +divided vertically, with a view to convenience in moving the head (this +portion of the skeleton weighing eight tons). This section displayed the +cavity for containing the brain; and thus some knowledge of the sentient +and leading organ of an animal, the dimensions of whose instruments of +motion fill the mind with astonishment, will at last be obtained. +Results, unexpected, we believe, by most anatomists were arrived at. The +cavity (a cast of which will be submitted to the anatomical public) was +gauged or measured in the manner first invented and recommended by Sir +William Hamilton, and under that gentleman's immediate inspection; the +weight of the brain, estimated in this way, amounts to 54 lb. imperial +weight. The brain of the small whalebone whale, examined by Mr. Hunter +(the specimen was only 17 feet long), weighed about 4 lb. 10 oz.; the +brain of the elephant weighs between 6 lb. and 7 lb.; the human brain +from 3 lb. to 4 lb. The total length of the whale was 80 feet; and +although Captain Scoresby mentions one which he heard of which was said +to measure somewhat more than 100 feet, it is extremely probable that +this measurement had not been taken correctly. The whale examined by +Sir Robert Sibbald, nearly a century ago, measured exactly 78 feet; +"fourteen men could stand at one time in the mouth; when the tide rose, +a small boat full of men entered easily."--_Scotsman_. + +[The total length of the whale found dead on the coast of Belgium, in +1827, and whose skeleton was exhibited in London, during last year, was +95 feet.--See _Mirror_, vol. xviii. p. 104.] + + * * * * * + + +FALLS OF THE GENESEE. + +[Mr. Fergusson, in his Notes made during a visit to the United States +and Canada, in 1831, thus refers to the Genesee Falls, engraved in No. +562 of _The Mirror_, p. 97 of the present volume.] + + +Rochester is well known to all who take an interest in America, as a +remarkable instance of what may be done in the way of transition, and as +exhibiting in its streets a perfect sample of the progress from stumps +to steeples. It is certainly an interesting place, and presents a busy +scene of manufacturing and commercial enterprise. My time being limited, +I immediately procured a _cicerone_, and proceeded to walk over the +town, concluding with the banks of the river, where there is a powerful +fall upon the Genesee, about 90 feet in height, forming a most romantic +scene, and which may be fairly denominated the parent of Rochester, as +the mill power which it supplies has brought the whole affair into +existence. There are also sulphur springs and baths in the town of some +repute. + +A splendid aqueduct carries the canal here across the river by ten +arches. It is also at present in contemplation to unite the Genesee and +Alleghany rivers, by a canal of more than 100 miles in extent, and which +would open up a valuable trade with the upper part of the Ohio Valley. +I have no doubt that it will be carried into effect, or perhaps a +railroad substituted. Close upon the verge of the precipice at the fall, +is observed a small islet or green knoll, from whence poor Sam Patch +took his final plunge. Sam, it would seem, was no subscriber to the +tenets of the Temperance Society, for upon this occasion his perceptions +were far from being clear; and having neglected to spring in his usual +adroit style, the unlucky wight never again appeared. The interest which +this poor creature excited, both here and at Niagara, was astonishing. +His very exit (than which nothing could be more natural) was considered +somewhat mysterious, as his body was not found; and some time subsequent +to the event, a fellow of a waggish disposition happening to be +accidentally in that part of the country, and bearing, it is said, a +singular resemblance to Patch, was stopped by a Rochester-man on the +road, and questioned on the subject. The stranger immediately saw a fair +opening for fun, and, _after some hesitation, reluctantly confessed_ +that he was actually _Sam himself_; but that, for particular +reasons, his being alive must be kept a profound secret, until a day he +named, when he would make a public appearance in Rochester, and that he +trusted to the fidelity of the person who had discovered him not to +mention the circumstance, meantime, to any living being. _As a matter +of course_, it was speedily confided, in like manner, to the whole +population; and on the appointed day, crowds assembled to laugh at the +credulity of one another. A poor tradesman of the town had taken +wilfully the same fatal leap, only on the day preceding my visit. Many +of the poor Indians are lost over the fall, when rum has been in plenty. +A squaw was observed upon one occasion, with her canoe absorbed in the +current, and she herself utterly insensible to the danger. Warned at +last by loud exclamations from the banks, she roused herself, only to +behold the frightful chasm before her, when, perceiving all hope of +escape to be vain, and every effort fruitless, she coolly finished off +the contents of her bottle, and plunged into the abyss.--See _Quart. +Journ. Agric._ No. 18. + + * * * * * + + + + +ANECDOTE GALLERY. + + +SATIN STONE NECKLACES. + +These beautiful ornaments of polished fluorspar--first made and brought +into fashion, we believe, by the late Mr. Mawe, of the Strand--are even +more appreciated by our Gallic neighbours than by ourselves. We have +been in society where the attention and admiration of a gallant French +gentleman was ludicrously divided between the attractions of a lady's +face and her satin-stone necklace. Some years since, the Duchess de +Berri, it is said, purchased various ornaments of this description and +material, to a considerable amount, which she wore, either upon, or +immediately subsequent to, her marriage. On the fatal night of the Duke +de Berri's assassination, the Duchess happened (so goes the story) to be +wearing one of these identical purchases; and, in consequence, upon the +anniversary of her widowhood, and on other occasions when peculiarly +depressed in spirits, never fails to put on a satin-stone necklace, as +a memento of the hours of her bridal and deprivation. Louis XVIII. +purchased, when in England, a large stock of these delicate, white +necklaces, which, on returning to France, he disposed off amongst his +admiring fair _noblesse_, by gift or purchase. + + * * * * * + + +DUELLING IN FRANCE. + +Different versions of the following anecdotes, respecting Mr. G---- (an +English officer), may be abroad, but we give them as detailed to us:-- + +Mr. G----, a young English _militaire_ of fashion and spirit, not a +great while since, had the fortune to fight a couple of duels in Paris, +under circumstances rather curious. He was acquainted with a French +gentleman, whom nature had endowed with more tongue than with discretion +and good principles;--in fact, it came to the ears of Mr. G----, that +the loquacious Gaul was a revolutionist in politics, a professed atheist +in religion, and (how could it happen otherwise?) a man devoid of the +most ordinary principles of honour, probity, and social decencies. He +was in the habit of slandering and vituperating, in the most violent +manner; and, in the well-thronged _cafes_ and _salons_ of the +French capital, not only his _bon ami_ Mr. G----, but everything +and everybody _English_, until our young officer, provoked by his +insolence beyond all patience, taking the advice of a friend, challenged +him. The Gaul, affecting to be highly irritated, at first protested that +"he would never consent to _degrade_ himself by fighting any of the +d--d English;" and, with horrid imprecations, parodied Caligula's +memorable malice, by wishing that "all the cursed members of that +infernal nation were but one body, which he might destroy at a shot!" +However, that no imputation might rest on his courage, he consented to +meet his adversary--for whom, by the way, he expressed the most thorough +contempt--next morning, at the _Bois de Boulogne_. They met; and +this miserable man received the reward of his perfidy and malice, by a +ball through his heart! + +Some days after this affair, Mr. G---- being grossly insulted by another +French gentleman--a notorious duellist, and, if we mistake not, an ally +of the deceased--felt himself obliged to notice the affront in a similar +manner. Monsieur ---- treated the challenge with supreme contempt, +begged to assure Mr. G---- that he was a dead man if they met, but +professed himself much at his service if he was really bent on quitting +this world, and thought the most appropriate spot for so doing would be +the _Champs d'Elysees_. Thither next morning the parties repaired. +Mr. G---- found his antagonist already on the ground, and amusing +himself by firing at a mark: viz.--his glove, attached to the branch of +a tree, which he shot at with such precision as to send his bullet, at +every successive trial, through the aperture in the glove made by the +first. Monsieur was, in truth, a splendid and formidable marksman. Mr. +G----, in preparing for the duel, happening to cast his eyes on his +adversary, perceived that he had slily placed his arm in such a +position, as must ensure, on the _honourable_ gentleman's fire, the +fulfilment of his vaunt to make him "a dead man." No time was to be +lost; the young Englishman's life depended upon dispatch; and, instantly +firing, he proved himself as good a marksman as Monsieur ----, by +sending his ball, with the utmost precision, through the wily +manoeuvrer's elbow, from whence it passed into his side; and he +dropped down, disabled, if not dead. Thus did British spirit twice +humble, in a remarkable manner, French insolence and presumption! + + * * * * * + + +A DISTINCTION. + +"La-a-dy * *," exclaimed a certain Colonel, in that very original Scotch +brogue which a long acquaintance with the world has not tended in any +degree to diminish, "alloo me to introduce you to my brother, Carnal +M---- ----." "What!" asked the lady, "are you both Colonels?" +"Oo--ay--La-a-dy * *, that are we, in troth; but the daff'rence is this, +my brother, you see, is _Carnal_" (Lieutenant-colonel he intended +to express), "and _I_--am _fool_ Carnal!" + +M.L.B. + + * * * * * + + + + +MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. + + +PETER PENCE + +Were an ancient levy, or tax, of a penny on each house throughout +England, paid to the Pope. It was called _Peter-pence_ because +collected on the day of _St. Peter ad vincula_. By the Saxons it +was called _Rome-feoh_--_i.e._ the fee of Rome; and also _Rome-scot_, +and _Rome-pennying_, because collected and sent to Rome;--and lastly, +it was called _Hearth-money_, because every dwelling-house was liable +to it, provided there were thirty-pence _vivae pecuniae_ belonging to +it;--nay, and every religious house, the Abbey of St. Alban's alone +excepted. + +This Peter-pence was at first given as a pension, or alms, by Ina, king +of the West Saxons, in the year 727, being then in pilgrimage at Rome; +and the like was done by Offa, king of the Mercians, throughout his +dominions, in 794; and afterwards by Ethelwulph, through the whole +kingdom, in the year 855. + +It was not intended as a tribute to the Pope, but chiefly for the +support of the English school, or college, at Rome. The popes, however, +shared it with the college, and at length found means, to appropriate +it to themselves. + +At first it was only an occasional contribution; but it became at last a +standing tax, being established by the laws of King Canute, Edward the +Confessor, the Conqueror, &c. The bishops, who were charged with the +collecting it, employed the rural deans and archdeacons therein. + +Edward III. first forbade the payment; but it soon after returned, and +continued till the time of Henry VIII., when Polydore Virgil resided +here as the Pope's receiver general. It was abolished under that prince, +and restored again under Philip and Mary; but it was finally prohibited +under Queen Elizabeth. + +WALTER E.C. + + * * * * * + + +POPISH RELICS. + +Ere the bright dawn of the Reformation lighted upon England, the +furniture of churches appears, from ancient records, to have been of +a splendid description; and vast sums are stated to have been lavished +upon the images of saints, &c. Great Saint Mary's Chapel, Cambridge, is +in the possession of an inventory of the goods and chattels possessed +by that ancient edifice in the 19th year of Henry VII., of which the +following is a transcript:-- + +"_Item_--A coat of tawney damask, purfled with velvet, appertaining to +our Lady. + +"_Item_--A coat for her son, of the same satin, purfled with black +velvet, and spangled with gold. + +"_Item_--A relic, called a box of silver with the oil of St. Nicholas. + +"_Item_--Another little box of silver, with a bone of St. Lawrence. + +"_Item_--A shoe of silver for the image of our Lady, and a piece of a +penny, weighing in all two ounces in a box. + +"_Item_--An image of our Lady and her Son, of copper and gilt, with a +chrystal stone. + +"_Item--A collar of gold_ for to hang about our Lady's neck, of nine +links in the collar. + +"_Item_--A cap of black velvet, with fine pearl, for our Lady's son. + +"_Item_--Two maces for St. Edmund. + +"_Item_--Three small crowns for St. Katherine. + +"_Item_--A cross and staff for St. Nicholas." + +The orthography of this extract has been modernized, but the _idiom_ +(if any) has been retained. + +JUVENIS. + + * * * * * + + +ANCIENT CHAIR. + +This curious relic is traditionally called _the Prior's Chair_, and +belonged to the priory of Southwick, which formerly stood near +Portsmouth, in Hampshire. It is made of oak, its several parts being +fastened together with small wooden pegs. On the back of the chair, +within a square panel, is carved an animal somewhat resembling a buck, +which was probably the armorial bearing of the prior; as it was +anciently, and is now, the custom to carve or paint on chairs placed in +halls or other conspicuous places, the crest or arms of the proprietor. +Above the panel are two mitres, and on each side of the arms of the +chair is a rose, ornamented with rays issuing from its centre. This +ancient specimen of furniture is extremely interesting as a specimen of +the mechanical ingenuity of the age in which it was constructed, and as +the only vestige of the establishment to which it was annexed. Upon part +of the Priory buildings being taken down, a few years since, the Chair +with other old furniture found on the premises, was sold by auction, +when it was rescued from the hands of a person who was bidding for it +as a smoking chair, by a gentleman, who allowed a drawing to be taken +of it. Of the Priory of Southwick very scanty information is to be +obtained: no mention of it is to be found in the _Monasticon_: but +Sir Robert Atkyns, in his history of Gloucestershire, says that it was +founded by Henry I. and dedicated to St. Mary. It was for canons regular +of the order of St. Augustine. The last prior surrendered this convent +on the 7th of April, 1539: it was valued in the catalogue of religious +houses at 257_l_. + +[Illustration] + + * * * * * + + +ANTIQUE KNIFE-HANDLE. + +[Illustration] + +This was found about 20 years since, at the manorhouse of Lake, near +Amesbury, in Wiltshire. The handle consists of two figures, a warrior +and a female: it was probably the haft of a small knife or dagger, +is made of brass, and considering its great antiquity, is in good +preservation. The features of the figures are the parts mostly injured +by wear; the female holds in the right hand a small bag or purse, +the custom of carrying which fell into disuse in the days of Queen +Elizabeth. This ancient haft is, however, most likely of an age +considerably anterior to the above reign, and from the costume in +general, and the simple cross hilt of the sword attached to the +warrior's side, it may not unjustly claim a date coeval with the +Crusades. + + +ANCIENT BELL. + +[Illustration] + +[Illustration: (Handle.)] + +This Bell, as the motto (_God save the Queen_, 1560,) explains, is +of the age of Elizabeth. The handle is of considerably older date, and +probably belonged to a mass-bell, as it bears the effigies of a devotee, +holding her beads, and a cross. Indeed, the prayer for the Queen, on the +Bell, in English, would indicate its subsequent age. This curious relic +was a few years since in the possession of the Rev. Mr. Crutwell, a name +distinguished in topographical and antiquarian literature. + + * * * * * + + +FALCONRY TENURE. + +The manorial rights of Comberton, in the county of Cambridge, were +formerly held by the lord, being the keeper of the king's falcons. A +record of the year 1374 says, that the manor was held "by the service +of carrying a goshawk at _coronations_."--JUVENIS. + + * * * * * + + + + +THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. + + +FUNERAL OF SIR WALTER SCOTT.--BY AN EYE-WITNESS. + +(_Abridged from Tait's Edinburgh Magazine._) + +When we arrived at the ford, which gave its fancied name to the poet's +dwelling, we found the silver Tweed sparkling merrily along, as if all +things were as they were wont to be. The young woods before us, and the +towers, and gables, and pinnacles of the mansion, were smiling beneath +the mellowing rays of the September sun, as if unconscious that the +master-spirit which called them into being had for ever fled from them. +The sound of wheels came on the ear at intervals, rushing from different +directions, and indicating the frequent arrival of carriages; yet when +we, availing ourselves of the open doors, had taken our well-known way +through the garden, and passed beneath the Gothic screen that might have +vied with the Beautiful Gate of the Temple itself, and on into the +courtyard in front of the house, we were surprised to find it deserted +and lonely. Before any one came to interrupt us, we had leisure to gaze +around, and to wonder at the great growth of the trees and shrub's since +we had last beheld them; and as we did so, the venerable shade of him +who had last walked there with us, filled our imagination and our +eyes--shifted with them as they shifted;--and as it glided around +us, it recalled to our full hearts a thousand pleasing and touching +recollections. But our dreams were at length abruptly broken, by the +appearance of some of our acquaintances, who issued from the house; and +the sight of their weeds of woe immediately recalled our thoughts to the +garb of grief which we also wore, and to the sad object of our present +visit. + +Passing through the Gothic hall, we met with no one till we entered +the library, where we found a considerable circle of gentlemen already +assembled: these were chiefly from the neighbouring districts; but there +were a few whom we recognised as having come from Edinburgh, and other +places equally distant. Obscured within the shadow of one of the +book-cases, we remained ruminating as if we had been absolutely alone, +until we were interrupted by a summons to the drawing-room, where +certain refreshments were prepared for those who had any inclination +to partake of them. But we must confess our natural antipathy to all +such mournful feasts; we therefore declined to join in this; and after +catching, as well as our position near the door allowed us to do, a +few stray sentences of a prayer, which was feelingly offered up by the +parish clergyman, we became so oppressed by the heat of the room, that +we ventured to steal away to enjoy the air in the porch. + +That porch was soon tenanted in our imagination by that venerable ideal +image which we had been all this while courting to our side. With it +we continued to hold sacred communion--with it we looked, as we had +formerly done with the reality, on the effigy of _Maida;_[2] and +the harsh truth that Maida's master was now as cold as Maida itself, +went rudely home to our hearts. But footsteps came slowly and heavily +treading through the small armoury: they were those of the servants +of the deceased, who, with full eyes, and yet fuller hearts, came +reverently bearing the body of him whose courteous welcome had made +that very porch so cheerful to us. We were the only witnesses of this +usually unheeded part of the funeral duties: accident had given to us a +privilege which was lost to the crowd within. We instinctively uncovered +our heads, and stood subdued by an indescribable feeling of awe as the +corpse was carried outwards; and we felt grateful, that it had thus +fallen to our lot to behold the departure of these the honoured and +precious remains of Sir Walter Scott from the house of Abbotsford, where +all his earthly affections had been centered. The coffin was plain and +unpretending, covered with black cloth, and having an ordinary plate on +it, with this inscription, "Sir Walter Scott, of Abbotsford, Bart., aged +62." "Alas!" said we, as we followed the precious casket across the +courtyard--"alas! have these been the limits of so valuable a life?" + +Having followed the coffin until we saw it deposited in the hearse, +which stood on the outside of the great gate of the courtyard, we felt +ourselves unequal to returning into the apartment where the company were +assembled; and we continued to loiter about, seeking for points of +recollection which might strengthen the chain of association we wished +to indulge in. Our attention was attracted, by observing the window of +the study open, and we were led to look within, impelled by no idle or +blameable curiosity, but rather like a pilgrim approaching the shrine +where his warmest adoration has ever been paid. But, alas I the deep +tones of the venerable old Principal Baird, whose voice was heard in +earnest and impressive prayer, came upon us through an opposite door, +from the library beyond; and the affecting allusions which he uttered +again brought us back to the afflicting truth, that Sir Walter Scott was +gone from us for ever! + +The prayer was no sooner ended, than the company began to issue from +the house. The carriages had been previously assembled on the haugh +below, and were so arranged there, that they drove up in a continued +line; and as each passed the great gateway, it took up its owners, +and then proceeded. There certainly were not less than seventy +gentlemen's carriages of all descriptions, two-wheeled as well as +four-wheeled,--besides which there were a number of horsemen. The public +road runs along the face of the hill, immediately above the house, in a +direction from west to east; and the avenue leading from the gate of the +courtyard runs up the hill in a westerly direction, entering the public +road so obliquely as to produce a very awkward turn for carriages going +eastward towards Melrose. Until we had passed this point some little way +we could form no notion of the extent of the procession; but when we +were thus enabled to form some judgment of it, we perceived that it had +extended itself over about a mile of road. + +Ere yet we had left the immediate vicinity of the house, we discovered a +mournful group of women-servants weeping behind the hedge on our left, +whither they had hurried to take their last look of that hearse which +was carrying to the grave a kind and indulgent master, whose like they +had no hope ever to look upon again. + +The elevation of the road on the hill-side was such as to give us a full +view of the valley, and we could observe that the summit of many of the +little knolls at a distance, even those beyond the Tweed, were covered +with small clusters of rustic gazers, all intent upon a spectacle +equally calculated to move persons of every rank and description; and +every now and then we found a little knot of spectators assembled by the +way-side, whose motionless countenances and unbroken silence +sufficiently testified the nature of their feelings. + +As we approached the neat little village of Darnick, our attention was +forcibly arrested by a very striking token of woe. On the top of an +ancient tower--one of those, we believe, which Sir Walter has rendered +classical--was placed a flag-staff, from which depended a broad, black +banner of crape, or some other light material. There was not a breath +of air to stir the film of a gossamer, so that light as the material +seemed to be, it hung heavy and motionless--a sad and simple emblem, +that eloquently spoke the general village sorrow. This we found more +particularly expressed in detail, as we passed through the little +place, by the many minuter insignia of mourning which the individual +inhabitants had put on the fronts of their houses and shops--by the +suspension of business--and by the respectful manner in which the young +and the old, and people of both sexes, stood silently and reverently +before their respective dwellings, wrapt in that all-absorbing sorrow +which told how deeply he that was gone had rooted himself in their +affections. When the hearse drew near to his own Melrose, the bell +tolled sadly from the steeple of the church; and as we entered the +street, we saw that here, as elsewhere, the inhabitants had vied with +each other in unaffected and unpretending demonstrations of their +individual affliction. In the little market-place we found the whole +male population assembled, all decently dressed in deep mourning, +drawn up in two lines, and standing with their hats off, silent and +motionless. The effect of the procession when crossing the Fly Bridge +over the Tweed, and still more when winding around that high and long +sweep of the road which is immediately opposite to the promontory of Old +Melrose, was extremely striking and picturesque; and the view, looking +back from the high ground towards the Eildon hills and Melrose, over +the varied vale of the Tweed, till the eye was arrested by the distant +mountains, then seen under a rich Claude effect; and the devious course +of the river, betrayed by fragments of water that sparkled here and +there amid the yellow stubbles and green pastures, was exquisitely +beautiful. But nothing gave so much interest to this glorious scene +as the far-off woods of Abbotsford, then dimmed by the warm haze, and +melting, as it were, from their reality, and so reminding us even yet +more forcibly of the fleeting nature of all the things of this +perishable world. + +Having descended from our elevation, we entered the grounds of Dryburgh. +These occupy a comparatively level space, embraced by a bold sweep of +the Tweed, where the house of Dryburgh and the picturesque ruins of +Dryburgh Abbey, standing about two hundred yards distant from it, are +surrounded by groups of noble trees of all sorts, rare as well as +common; and among them the cedar is seen to throw out his gigantic limbs +with that freedom and vigour which could only be looked for on his +native Lebanon. The hearse drew up close to the house of Dryburgh; and +the, company, having quitted their carriages, pressed eagerly towards +it, Not one word was spoken; but, as if all had been under the influence +of some simultaneous instinct, they decently and decorously formed +themselves into two lines. The servants of the deceased, resolved that +no hireling should lay hands on the coffin of their master, approached +the hearse. Amongst these, the figure of the old coachman who had driven +Sir Walter for so many years was peculiarly remarkable, reverentially +bending to receive the coffin. No sooner did that black casket appear, +which contains all that now remains of the most precious of Scotia's +jewels, than, with downcast eyes and with countenances expressive of +the deepest veneration, every individual present took off his hat. +A moment's delay took place, whilst the faithful and attached servants +were preparing to bear the body, and whilst the relatives were arranging +themselves around it in the following order:-- + + + HEAD. + Major Sir WALTER SCOTT, eldest son of the deceased. + + RIGHT. LEFT. + + CHARLES SCOTT, T J.G. LOCKHART, Esq., + second Son. H Son-in-Law. + E + CHARLES SCOTT, JAMES SCOTT, Esq., + of Nesbitt, Cousin. of Nesbitt, Cousin. + B + WILLIAM SCOTT, Esq., O ROBERT RUTHERFORD, Esq., + of Raeburn, Cousin. D W.S., Cousin. + Y + Colonel RUSSELL, . HUGH SCOTT, Esq., + of Ashiesteel, Cousin. of Harden. + + FOOT. + WILLIAM KEITH, Esq., of Edinburgh. + + +When all were in their places, the bearers moved slowly forward, +preceded by two mutes in long cloaks, carrying poles covered with crape; +and no sooner had the coffin passed through the double line formed by +the company than the whole broke up, and followed in a thick press. +At the head was the Rev. J. Williams, rector of the Edinburgh Academy, +dressed in his canonicals as a clergyman of the Church of England; and +on his left hand walked Mr. Cadell, the well-known publisher of the +Waverley Works. There was a solemnity as well as a simplicity in the +whole of this spectacle which we never witnessed on any former occasion. +The long-robed mutes--the body, with its devotedly-attached and +deeply-afflicted supporters and attendants--the clergyman, whose +presence indicated the Christian belief and hopes of those assembled--and +the throng of uncovered and reverential mourners stole along beneath the +tall and umbrageous trees with a silence equal to that which is believed +to accompany those visionary funerals which have their existence only in +the superstitions of our country. The ruined Abbey disclosed itself +through the trees; and we approached its western extremity, where a +considerable portion of vaulted roof still remains to protect the poet's +family place of interment, which opens to the sides in lofty Gothic +arches, and is defended by a low rail of enclosure. At one extremity +of it, a tall, thriving young cypress rears its spiral form. Creeping +plants of different kinds, "with ivy never sere," have spread themselves +very luxuriantly over every part of the Abbey. Amongst other +decorations, we observed a plum-tree, which was, perhaps, at one period, +a prisoner, chained to the solid masonry, but which having long since +been emancipated, now threw out its wild, pendant branches, laden with +purple fruit, ready to drop, as if emblematical of the ripening and +decay of human life. + +In such a scene as this, then, it was, that the coffin of Sir Walter +Scott was set down on trestles placed outside the iron railing; and here +that solemn service, beginning with those words so cheering to the souls +of Christians, "I am the resurrection and the life," was solemnly read +by Mr. Williams. The manly, soldier-like features of the chief mourner, +on whom the eyes of sympathy were most naturally turned, betrayed at +intervals the powerful efforts which he made to master his emotions, as +well as the inefficiency of his exertions to do so. The other relatives +who surrounded the bier were deeply moved; and amid the crowd of weeping +friends no eye and no heart could be discovered that was not altogether +occupied in that sad and impressive ceremonial which was so soon to shut +from them for ever him who had been so long the common idol of their +admiration, and of their best affections. * * * + +It was not until the harsh sound of the hammers of the workmen who were +employed to rivet those iron bars covering the grave to secure it from +violation, had begun to echo from the vaulted roof, that some of us were +called to the full conviction of the fact, that the earth had for ever +closed over that form which we were wont to love and reverence; that eye +which we had so often seen beaming with benevolence, sparkling with wit, +or lighted up with a poet's phrenzy; those lips which we had so often +seen monopolizing the attention of all listeners, or heard rolling out, +with nervous accentuation, those powerful verses with which his head was +continually teeming; and that brow, the perpetual throne of generous +expression and liberal intelligence. Overwhelmed by the conviction of +the afflicting truth, men moved away without parting salutation, singly, +slowly, and silently. Tho day began to stoop down into twilight; and we, +too, after giving a last parting survey to the spot where now repose the +remains of our Scottish Shakspeare--a spot lovely enough to induce his +sainted spirit to haunt and sanctify its shades--hastily tore ourselves +away. + + [2] A celebrated stag-hound, which Sir Walter received from Glengarry. + + * * * * * + + +EFFECTS OF FASHIONABLE MANNERS AND CUSTOMS UPON SERVANTS AND TRADESMEN. + +(_Concluded from page 332._) + +The operation of the habits of fashionable life upon the class of +tradesmen whose custom lies in that direction, is not less injurious. +People of fashion are for the most part improvident: but even when +they are not so in the long run, it seems to be their pride to be +wantonly and perversely disorderly in the conduct of their pecuniary +transactions. The result of this to themselves is not here the point in +question, although there are few things which in their effects are more +certain to pervade the entire moral structure of the mind than habits +of order and punctuality, especially in money matters; nor is there +anything to which character and honour are more likely to give way than +to pecuniary difficulties. But we would speak of the consequences to the +tradesmen with whom they deal. In proportion to the delays which the +tradesman has had to contend with in procuring payment of the account, +is the degree of laxity with which he may expect to be favoured in the +examination of the items; especially if he have not omitted the visual +means of corrupting the fidelity of the servants. The accuracy of a bill +of old date is not in general very easily ascertainable, and it would +seem to be but an ungracious return for the accommodation which the +creditor has afforded, if the debtor were to institute a very strict +inquisition into the minutiae of his claims. These considerations concur +with the habitual carelessness and indolence of people of fashion, as +inducements to them to lead their tradesmen into temptation. + +Again, people of fashion, though (with occasional coarse exceptions) +very _civil-spoken_ to their tradesmen, are accustomed to show in their +conduct an utter disregard of what amount of trouble, inconvenience, and +vexation of spirit they may occasion, either by irregularity in paying +their bills, by requiring incessant attendance, or by a thousand +fanciful humours, changes of purpose, and fastidious objections. +Possibly, indeed, they are very little aware of the amount of it; so +inconsiderate are they of everything which is not made to dance before +their eyes, or to appeal to their sensibilities through their senses. +Their tradesmen, and the workmen whom their tradesmen employ, are +compelled, those by the competition they encounter in their business, +these by the necessities of their situation in life, to submit to all +the hardships and disquietudes which it is possible for fashionable +caprice to impose, without showing any sign of disturbance or +discontent; and because there is no outcry made, nor any pantomime +exhibited, the fashionable customer may possibly conceive that he +dispenses nothing but satisfaction among all with whom he deals. He +rests assured, moreover, that if he gives more trouble and inconvenience +than others _he pays for it_; the charges of the tradesmen of +fashionable people being excessively high. Here, however there is a +distinction to be taken. There is no doubt that all the fantastical +plagues and preposterous caprices which the spirit of fashion can +engender, will be submitted to for money; but he who supposes that the +outward submission will be accompanied by no inward feelings of +resentment or contempt, either is wholly ignorant of human nature, or +grossly abuses his better judgment. Between customer and tradesman the +balance is adjusted; between man and man there is an account which money +will not settle. It is not indeed to be desired, that any class of men +should be possessed With such a spirit of venal servility, as to be +really insensible to the folly and oppression which enters into the +exactions of fashionable caprice; or that, however compelled to be +obsequious in manner, they should altogether lose their perception of +what is due to common sense and to common consideration for others-- + + "And by the body's action teach the mind + A most inherent baseness." + + +If such be the actual result in some instances, then is that consequence +still more to be regretted than the other. + +Moreover, if the master-tradesmen are willing to sell themselves into +this slavery, the consequence, to the much more numerous classes of +apprentices and journeymen, remains to be taken into the account. The +apprentices, at least, are not paid for the hardships which ensue to +them. There is an occurrence mentioned by George Alexander Steevens, of +a fashionable frequenter of taverns in his time, who threw the waiter +out of the window, and told the landlord to put him into the bill. Had +the landlord himself been the party ejected, this might or might not +have been a satisfactory proceeding, according to the light in which he +might be disposed to regard a contusion or a fracture. But it will +hardly be contended that such a proceeding could be satisfactory to the +waiter. Yet, we may seriously say, that the fate of the waiter was not +more to be deprecated, than that of some descriptions of the apprentices +of the trades-people who contend for the custom of the fashionable +world. + +Many is the milliner's apprentice whom every London season sends to +her grave, because the dresses of fine ladies must be completed with a +degree of celerity which nothing but night-labour can accomplish. To the +question, "When must it be done?" "Immediately;" is the readiest answer; +though it is an answer which would perhaps be less inconsiderately and +indiscriminately given, if it were known how many young creatures have +come to a premature death in consequence of it, and how many hearts have +been hardened by the oppression which it necessitates. Nor does the evil +stop there. The dressmakers' apprentices in a great city have another +alternative; and it is quite as much to escape from the intolerable +labours which are imposed upon them in the London season, as from any +sexual frailty, that such multitudes of them adopt a vocation which +affords some immediate relief, whilst it ensures a doubly fatal +termination of their career. The temptations by which these girls are +beset might be deemed all-sufficient, without the compulsion by which +they are thus as it were, driven out into the streets. Upon them, "the +fatal gift of beauty" has been more lavishly bestowed than upon any +other class--perhaps not excepting even the aristocracy. They are many +of them, probably, the spurious offspring of aristocratical fathers, +and inherit beauty for the same reason as the legitimate daughters of +aristocrats, because the wealth of these persons enables them to select +the most beautiful women either for wives or for concubines. Nor are +they wanting in the grace and simplicity of manner which distinguish the +aristocracy; whilst constant manual occupation produces in them more +vacuity of mind than even that which dissipation causes in their sisters +of the superior class. They are thus possessed of exterior attractions, +which will at any moment place them in a condition of comparative +affluence, and keep them in it so long as those attractions last,--a +period beyond which their portion of thought and foresight can scarcely +be expected to extend: whilst, on the other hand, they have before them +a most bitter and arduous servitude, constant confinement, probably +a severe task-mistress (whose mind is harassed and exacerbated by the +exigent and thoughtless demands of her employers), and a destruction of +health and bloom, which the alternative course of life can scarcely make +more certain or more speedy. Goethe was well aware how much light he +threw upon the seduction of Margaret, when he made her let fall a hint +of discontent at domestic hardships:-- + + "Our humble household is but small, + And I, alas! must look to all. + We have no maid, and I may scarce avail + To wake so early and to sleep so late; + And then my mother is in each detail + So accurate."[3] + + +If people of fashion knew at what cost some of their imaginary wants +are gratified, it is possible that they might be disposed to forego the +gratification: it is possible, also, that they might not. On the one +hand they are not wanting in benevolence to the young and beautiful; the +juster charge against them being, that their benevolence extends no +farther. On the other hand, unless there be a visual perception of the +youth and beauty which is to suffer, or in some way a distinct image of +it presented, dissipation will not allow them a moment for the feelings +which reflection might suggest: + + "Than vanity there's nothing harder hearted; + For thoughtless of all sufferings unseen, + Of all save those which touch upon the round + Of the day's palpable doings, the vain man, + And oftener still the volatile woman vain, + Is busiest at heart with restless cares, + Poor pains and paltry joys, that make within + Petty yet turbulent vicissitude." + + + [3] Faust: Lord F.L. Gower's translation. + + * * * * * + + + + +NEW BOOKS. + + +LEGENDS OF THE LIBRARY AT LILIES. BY THE LORD AND LADY THERE. + +[These are two volumes of tales and sketches from the pens of Lord and +Lady Nugent, whose literary recreations have not unfrequently graced the +fair pages of our Annuals. They are ushered in by a few pleasant words +"by way of advertisement," describing in four pages the delights of his +Lordship's rural retirement at Lilies, in Buckinghamshire; and this +portion of the work is so inviting that we quote it.] + +If you would place yourself just midway between the three seas which +form the boundaries of southern England, you shall find yourself on a +small knoll, covered with antique elm, walnut, and sycamore trees, which +rises out of a vale famous in all time for the natural fertility of its +soil, and the moral virtues of its people. On this knoll, fitly called +by our ancestors "the Heart of South Britain," stood, distant about +half a mile from each other, two monasteries, known by the flowery +appellatives of Lilies and Roses; not unaptly setting forth a promise of +all that can recommend itself as fair and sweet unto the gentler senses. +These edifices have, for many centuries, been no more; but, on the site +of the first mentioned of the two, standeth a small mansion, of Tudor +architecture, bearing still its ancient name. Of the monastery little +memorial, beyond the name, remains; save only that under a small +enclosed space, erewhile its cemetery, now a wilderness of flowers, the +bones of the monks repose. Two lines of artificial slope to the westward +mark the boundaries of the pleasaunce, where they took their recreation, +and cultivated their lentils and fruits; and a range of thickly-walled +cellar still retains the same destination and office as when it +furnished to those holy men their more generous materials of refection. + +What more shall be said of the mansion, or of the domain, full seventy +statute acres, which surrounds it?--of the herds and flocks content to +thrive in silence on the richness of its fields, and thrive they do in +wondrous measure of prosperity? Nothing.--Nor much of that more gamesome +troop of idle steeds, though pleasant to their master's eve, who, on its +green expanse, frisk and gambol out a sportive colthood, or graze and +hobble through a tranquil old age, with the active and laborious honours +of a public life past, but not forgotten. Little shall be said of that +smooth and narrow pool, scarce visible among the rising shrubs which +belt in and shroud the grounds from the incurious wayfarer; or of such +carp and tench as, having escaped the treacherous toils of the nightly +plunderer, gasp and tumble on its surface, delighting to display their +golden pride in the mid-day sun, before the gaze of lawful possession. +Nor shall the casual reader be led carelessly and wearily to note the +many sweet memorials of private friendship, records of the living and +the dead, which, standing forth from amid the lightsome glades and leafy +shadows around, make the place sacred to many a strong affection. +Romantic the scenery without is not, and for spacious halls and gorgeous +canopies the eye may search in vain within. But for the warm cheer of +the little oak library,--for the quaint carvings, the tracery of other +times, which abound therein,--for the awful note of the blood-hound, +baying upon his midnight chain,--and the pleasing melancholy of the +hooting owl from his hereditary chamber in the roof,--and for the +tunefulness of the cooing wood-quests, and the morning rooks which +bustle and caw, and of the high winds that pipe and roar, daily and +nightly, through the boughs,--and for the deep glossy verdure of the +pastures stretching forth to the brave distant hills which fence the +vale,--to those, who in such things take delight, Lilies hath still +its charms. + +From the fireside of the afore-mentioned little oak library the +following legends proceed. + +[Few of the pieces fall under the denomination of "Legends," if we +except "the Feast of alle Deuiles, an ancient ballad;" "the Costly +Dague;" "the Ladye's Counselloure;" and "the Dole of Tichborne;" which +are in the quaint olden style. Throughout the other papers there is a +pleasant spice of dry humour and knowledge of character, intermixed +with a few touches of pathos, and a nice perception of the finest +affections: now, with these various characteristics, the legends must +prove attractive and amusing. We have only space to quote briefly from +one of the most desultory of the papers--an ingenious one, on "Solecisms +in Language."] + +"Is it your _pleasure_," now and then asks a dentist, "is it your +_pleasure_ to have your tooth out to-day?" + +"I do not care a pin," is a very ordinary figure of speech, but of +doubtful propriety; for one's indifference, it appears to me, must very +much depend on the position of the pin. In the cushion of one's chair, +for instance, it is absolutely disagreeable, and what one should care +very much about. + +The word "poor" is an epithet in very common misuse. It is often brought +into play, especially in its plaintive sense, in situations, where, poor +thing, it scarcely knows itself, and where there is not the slightest +provocation to account for the use of it. It is degraded to the +condition of a mere expletive; and, where there is a real good call for +it, how often is it thrust upon the wrong person, the one who, were he +consulted, would disclaim all compassion. + +"_Poor_ Mr. ----, only think of him, _poor_ fellow! How very +odd! I believe he was not in joke. He told me a distant connection of +his, of another name, whom he never knew till after he heard that the +thing happened, who had been transported to New South Wales a matter of +sixteen years ago, is to be hanged to-morrow, by way of a secondary +punishment, for coming back from transportation." + +The audience were profuse in their repetition of the epithet--generous +to excess in the free gift of it to Mr. ----. They did not happen to +consider it applicable to him who, for an unlawful love of native +country, was to undergo a violent and disgraceful death. + +This, to be sure, might be attributed to the feeling that so many good +regular people have, that it is highly blameable to pity any man who +suffers capitally for a breach of the law; that it would be, in some +sort, to question the justice of the laws themselves. And the ten or +a dozen honest souls that formed the company were probably so good +themselves as to be justly scandalized at the notion of holding so much +communion with guilt, as to sympathize with it in its sufferings. But +I believe, after all, it was rather a flow of idiom than an effort of +principle. + +Mr. Small, a farmer, well to do in ----shire, fell ill of an acute and +dangerous disorder. (By the by, every one was anxious to know if "poor" +Mrs. Small's husband was better.) He died,--Mrs. Small was, of course, +in decent affliction. But the word of pity was always transferred from +the principal sufferer to her, till he was beyond suffering. Then first +it was bestowed on the "poor" corpse, which every one came to visit, and +flattered as looking "pleasant." + +Mrs. Small herself, in the first letter of her widowhood, addressed to +an intimate female friend, did not make a more judicious application of +the favourite epithet. To this friend it was her habit to write once +a quarter. We insert three passages; one extracted from each of these +quarterly epistles, which followed in due succession after her sad +bereavement:-- + +"Dear Nelly,--My brother-in-law has given the direction of the funeral +to a good economical undertaker, by name Peebles. I have not seen him, +and am not like; for he is in too large a way to attend himself, and he +sends his man for orders, and to see all done handsome, but cheap. + +"_Poor_ Mr. Peebles's man came here last night, and the funeral +will be to-morrow. I am in much trouble, as might be expected. My +_poor_ new black bonnet is not come home, and keeps me fretting; +but _poor_ Peebles's man says I shan't be disappointed, even if he +has to go for it himself. _Poor_ Peebles's man! he is up early and +down late, to see all right. He was in my room this morning before I was +out of bed, that all might be decent, &c. &c. &c. Yours to command, dear +Nelly, MARY SMALL." + +"Dear Nelly,--It is now three months and better since that _poor_ +coffin was put under ground, and I declare I feel quite queer and +lonesome without it. But business goes on quite well and brisk. _Poor +kind_ Peebles's man! he is off and on; almost always about the house, +doing some kind job or other. He is a very decent body; but, I don't +know how it is, I'm not to say comfortable. There's a sad noise with +my sister's family. You know I never _could_ bear children. My late +husband, that's gone, was the only one of the family that could. +I am sure I don't know what I could do without _poor dear_ Peebles's +man. Yours to command, dear Nelly, MARY SMALL. + +"Dear Nelly,--_Poor dear kind_ Peebles's man has never left here; +he's my right hand, and he is a very decent body indeed. It is now six +_good_ months since that _poor_ funeral took place. I find I +am not fit to live alone: I was married this morning to _poor_ +Peebles's man. Your sincere friend, dear Nelly, MARY MERRIMATE. + +"P.S. Excuse my change of name." + + * * * * * + + + + +THE GATHERER. + + +_Electioneering._--In 1749, during the great contested election +for Westminster, when Lord Trentham and Sir George Vandeput were +candidates, Dr. Barrowby greatly interested himself in favour of the +latter, who was put up to oppose the Court party. The doctor had for +some weeks attended the noted Joe Weatherby, landlord of the Ben +Jonson's Head, in Russell-street, who had become emaciated by a nervous +fever. During Dr. Barrowby's visits, the patient's wife, not knowing the +doctor's political attachment, had frequently expressed her uneasiness +that her dear Joey could not get up, and vote for _her_ good friend +Lord Trentham. Towards the end of the election, when very uncommon means +were used on both sides to obtain the suffrages of the people, the +doctor, calling one morning on his patient, to his great astonishment, +found him up and almost dressed.--"Hey-dey! what's the cause of this?" +exclaimed Barrowby. "Dear Doctor," said poor Joe, in broken accents, "I +am going to poll."--"To poll!" replied the doctor, with much warmth, +supposing him of the same opinion with his wife, "going to the d--l, you +mean!--why, do you know the cold air may kill you. Get to bed, get to +bed, man, as fast as you can, or immediate death may ensue!"--"Oh! if +that is the case, sir," returned the patient in a feeble voice, "to be +sure I must act as you advise me; but I love my country, sir, and +thought, while my wife was out, to seize this opportunity to go to +Covent-garden church, and vote for Sir G. Vandeput."--"How, Joe! for Sir +George?"--"Yes, sir, I wish him heartily well."--"Do you?" said the +medical politician. "Hold, nurse! don't pull off his stockings again; +let me feel his pulse. Hey! very well--a good, firm stroke--Egad! this +will do. You took the pills I ordered last night?"--"Yes, doctor, but +they made me very sick."--"Ay, so much the better. How did your master +sleep, nurse?"--"O charmingly, sir."--"Did he! Well, if his mind is +really uneasy about this election, he must be indulged; diseases of the +mind greatly affect those of the body. Come, come, throw a great coat or +blanket about him. It is a fine day; but the sooner he goes the +better--the sun will be down early. Here, here, lift him up; a ride will +do him good; he shall go with me to the hustings in my chariot." The +doctor was directly obeyed; and poor Joe Weatherby was conveyed in the +carriage to the hustings, where he gave his vote according to his +conscience, amidst the acclamations of the people; and two hours after +his politico-medical adviser had left him at his own house, Joe departed +this life, loaded with the reproaches of his beloved wife, and her +friends of the Court party. + +SWAINE. + + * * * * * + + +_A Warning to Critics._--Zoilus, the critic, was called the +rhetorical dog: rhetorical, as his style was elegant, and dog, from +his practice of snarling.--Vitruvius tells us, that when he visited +Alexandria, he recited his writings against the _Iliad_ and +_Odyssey_ of Homer to King Ptolemy, which gave the king such +offence, that he would take no notice of him; and afterwards, when, +urged by indigence, he solicited charity, Ptolemy pulsed him with this +contemptuous reflection, that if Homer, who had been dead one thousand +years, could by his works give maintenance to many thousand people, +a writer so much his superior might surely maintain himself. + +P.T.W. + + * * * * * + + +Some years since, an eccentric gentleman built himself a villa upon the +brow of one of the loftiest of the Surrey hills, to avoid annoyance from +the curious; but the odd situation of his residence drew scores of +visiters. This reminds us of some lines by Cowley-- + + I should have then this only fear, + Lest men, when they my pleasures see, + Should hither throng to live like me, + And so make a city here. + + * * * * * + + +_Imperial Ignorance._--Alexius Comnenus, Emperor of Constantinople, +was an arrant dunce: Fuller says, "he hated a booke more than a monster +did a looking-glasse; and when his tutor endeavoured to play him into +scholarship, by presenting pleasant authors unto him, he returned, that +learning was beneath the greatnesse of a prince, who, if wanting it, +might borrow it from his subjects, being better stor'd; _for_ +(saith hee) _if they will not lend me their braines, I'll take away +their heads!_" + + * * * * * + + +_Party Spirit._--Fuller did not think party madness; for, he says +such men as will side with neither party "hope, though the great vessel +of the state be wrecked, in a private fly-boat of neutrality, to waft +their own private adventure safe to the shore. But who ever saw dancers +on ropes so equally poise themselves, that at last they fall not down +and break their necks?" + + * * * * * + + +_A Court Jester._--Fuller thus describes one: "Of this fellow, his +body, downwards, was a fool, his head a knave, who did carefully note, +and cunningly vent, by the privileges of his coat, many state-passages, +uttering them, in a _wary twilight_, betwixt sport and earnest." + + * * * * * + + +_An Excellent Courtier._--Sir Walter Raleigh speaks of Queen +Elizabeth, when sixty years of age, "riding like Alexander, hunting like +Diana, walking like Venus, the gentle wind blowing her fair hair about +her pure cheeks like a nymph,--sometime sitting in the shade like a +goddess, sometime singing like an angell, sometime playing like +Orpheus." + + * * * * * + + +_A Lock-et._--Mark Scaliot, blacksmith, in the 20th of Queen +Elizabeth, made a lock of eleven pieces of iron, steel, and brass, with +a pipe key, and golden chain of forty-three links, which were hung round +the neck of a flea.--The animal, together with this burthen, weighed +only one grain and a half. + + * * * * * + + +_Oil._--Both rape-oil and olive-oil were used in ancient cookery, +as appears from the provision bought for Archbishop Warham's dinner. + + * * * * * + +_Printed and published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset House) +London; sold by G.G. BENNIS, 55, Rue Neuve, St. Augustin, Paris; CHARLES +JUGEL, Francfort; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers._ + + * * * * * + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, Vol. 20, No. 577, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE *** + +***** This file should be named 17728.txt or 17728.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/7/7/2/17728/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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