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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Elsie Inglis, by Eva Shaw McLaren
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Elsie Inglis
+       The Woman with the Torch
+
+Author: Eva Shaw McLaren
+
+Commentator: Lena Ashwell
+
+Release Date: June 7, 2006 [EBook #18530]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ELSIE INGLIS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Suzanne Lybarger, Brian Janes, Martin Pettit
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ELSIE INGLIS
+
+[Illustration: _Photo by Bassano_
+
+ELSIE INGLIS
+
+AFTER HER RETURN FROM SERBIA IN 1916
+
+_Frontispiece_]
+
+
+             PIONEERS OF PROGRESS
+
+                     WOMEN
+
+          EDITED BY ETHEL M. BARTON
+
+
+                 ELSIE INGLIS
+
+           THE WOMAN WITH THE TORCH
+
+
+                      BY
+
+               EVA SHAW McLAREN
+
+
+               WITH A PREFACE BY
+
+                 LENA ASHWELL
+
+
+                    LONDON
+
+             SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING
+              CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE
+        NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
+                     1920
+
+
+
+     _Great souls who sailed uncharted seas,
+       Battling with hostile winds and tide,
+     Strong hands that forged forbidden keys,
+       And left the door behind them, wide_.
+
+     _Diggers for gold where most had failed,
+       Smiling at deeds that brought them Fame,--
+     Lighters of Lamps that have not failed,--
+       Lend us your oil and share your flame._
+
+
+
+                      TO
+                  AMY SIMSON
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE
+
+
+"To light a path for men to come" is the privilege of the pioneer; and
+the life of a pioneer, the hewer of a new path, is always encouraging,
+whether he who goes before to open the way be a voyager to the Poles or
+the uttermost parts of the earth, in imminent danger of physical death,
+or whether he be an adventurer, cutting a path to a new race
+consciousness, revealing the power of service in new vocations, evoking
+new powers, and living in hourly danger of mental suffocation by
+prejudices and inhibitions of race tradition.
+
+The women's irresistible movement, which has so suddenly flooded all
+departments of work previously considered the monopoly of men, required
+from the leaders indomitable courage, selflessness, and faith, qualities
+of imperishable splendour; and to read the life of Elsie Inglis is to
+recognize instantly that she was one of these ruthless adventurers,
+hewing her way through all perils and difficulties to bring to pass the
+dreams of thousands of women. The world's standard of success may appear
+to give the prize to those who collect things, but in reality the crown
+of victory, the laurel wreath, the tribute beyond all material value, is
+always reserved for those invisible, intangible qualities which are
+evinced in character.
+
+It is wonderful to read how slowly and surely that character was formed
+through twenty years of monotonous routine. The establishing of a
+Hospice for women and children, run entirely by women, was not a popular
+movement, and through long years of dull, arduous work, patient, silent,
+honest, dedicated unconsciously to the service of others, she laid the
+foundations which led to her great achievement, and so, full of courage
+and growing in power, like Nelson she developed a blind eye, to which
+she put her telescope in times of bewilderment; she could never see the
+difficulties which loomed large in her way--sex prejudices and mountains
+of race convictions to be moved--and so she moved them!
+
+In founding The Hospice she gave herself first to the women and children
+round her; later, in the urgent call of the Suffrage movement, she
+devoted herself whole-heartedly to the service of the women of the
+country, and so she was ready when the war came. Her own country refused
+her services; but Providence has a strange way of turning what appears
+to be evil into great good. The refusal of the British Government to
+accept the services of medically trained women caused them to offer
+their services elsewhere; and so she went first to help the French, and
+then to encourage and serve Serbia in her dire need.
+
+And so from the first she was a pioneer: in doing medical work among
+women and children; in achieving the rights of citizenship for women;
+and in the further great adventure of establishing the true League of
+Nations which lies in the will to serve mankind.
+
+                                                 LENA ASHWELL
+                                                 (MRS. HENRY SIMSON)
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION
+
+
+A most interesting _Life_ of Elsie Inglis, written a short time ago by
+the Lady Frances Balfour, has had a wide circulation which has proved
+the appreciation of the public.
+
+This second _Life_ appears at the request of The Society for Promoting
+Christian Knowledge that I should write a short memoir of my sister, to
+be included in the "Pioneers of Progress" Series which it is publishing.
+I undertake the duty with joy.
+
+In accordance with the series in which it appears, the _Life_ is a short
+one, but it has been possible to incorporate in it some fresh material.
+Not the least interesting is what has been taken from the manuscript of
+a novel by Dr. Inglis, found amongst her papers some time after her
+death. It is called _The Story of a Modern Woman_. It was probably
+written between the years 1906 and 1914; the outbreak of the war may
+have prevented its publication. The date given in the first chapter of
+the story is 1904. Very evidently the book expresses Elsie Inglis's
+views on life. Quotations have been made from it, as it gives an insight
+into her own character and experiences.
+
+The endeavour has been made to draw a picture of her as she appeared to
+those who knew her best. She was certainly a fine character, full of
+life and movement, ever growing and developing, ever glorying in new
+adventure. There was no stagnation about Elsie Inglis. Independent,
+strong, keen (if sometimes impatient), and generous, from her childhood
+she was ever a great giver.
+
+Alongside all the energy and force in her character there were great
+depths of tenderness. "Nothing like sitting on the floor for half an
+hour playing with little children to prepare you for a strenuous bit of
+work," was one of her sayings.
+
+Not to many women, perhaps, have other women given such a wealth of
+love as they gave to Elsie Inglis. In innumerable letters received after
+her death is traceable the idea expressed by one woman: "In all your
+sorrow, remember, I loved her too."
+
+Those who worked with her point again and again to a characteristic that
+distinguished her all her life--her complete disregard of the opinion of
+others about herself personally, while she pursued the course her
+conscience dictated, and yet she drew to herself the affectionate regard
+of many who knew her for the first time during the last three years of
+her life.
+
+What her own countrymen thought of her will be found in the pages of
+this book, but the touching testimony of a Serb and a Russian may be
+given here. A Serb orderly expressed his devotion in a way that Dr.
+Inglis used to recall with a smile: "Missis Doctor, I love you better
+than my mother, and my wife, and my family. Missis Doctor, I will never
+leave you."
+
+And a soldier from Russia said of her: "She was loved amongst us as a
+queen, and respected as a saint."
+
+"In her _Life_ you want the testimony of those who saw _her_. Dr.
+Inglis's work before and during the war will find its place in any
+enduring record; what you want to impress on the minds of the succeeding
+generation is _the quality of the woman_ of which that work was the
+final expression."
+
+Something of what that quality was appears, it is hoped, in the pages of
+this memoir. I am grateful to men and women of varied outlook, who knew
+her at different periods of her life, for memories which have been drawn
+upon in this effort to picture Elsie Inglis.
+
+                                                    EVA SHAW McLAREN
+
+
+
+
+SYLLABUS OF CHAPTERS
+
+                                                           PAGES
+PREFACE                                                      vii
+
+INTRODUCTION                                                  ix
+
+                          CHAPTER I
+
+                         ELSIE INGLIS
+
+Tributes from various sources--A woman of solved problems    1-2
+
+                          CHAPTER II
+
+              THE ROCK FROM WHICH SHE WAS HEWN
+
+Elsie Inglis the central figure on the stage--Men and women of
+the past, the people of her race, crowd round her--Their
+influence on her--Their spirit seen in hers                  3-6
+
+                         CHAPTER III
+
+                          1864-1894
+
+Childhood in India--Friendship with her father--Schooldays in
+Edinburgh--Death of her mother--Study of Medicine--Death
+of her father--Practice started in Edinburgh in 1894--Twenty
+years of professional life: interests, friendships--Varied
+Descriptions of Dr. Inglis by Miss S. E. S. Mair and Dr.
+Beatrice Russell                                            7-12
+
+                         CHAPTER IV
+
+                     HER MEDICAL CAREER
+
+Fellow-students' and doctors' reminiscences--The New School of
+Medicine for Women in Edinburgh--The growth of her
+practice--Her sympathy with her poor patients--The founding
+of The Hospice--Some characteristics                       13-19
+
+                         CHAPTER V
+
+                    THE SOLVED PROBLEMS
+
+The problems of the unmarried woman--Dr. Inglis's unpublished
+novel, _The Story of a Modern Woman_--Quotations from the
+novel--Many parts of novel evidently autobiographical--Heroine
+in novel solves the problem of "the lonely woman"          20-24
+
+                        CHAPTER VI
+
+                      "HER CHILDREN"
+
+Dr. Inglis a child-lover--Her writings full of the descriptions
+of children--Quotations from the novel                     25-27
+
+                        CHAPTER VII
+
+                        THE HOSPICE
+
+Founded 1901--Description of premises in the High Street
+amongst the poor of Edinburgh--Dr. Inglis's love for The
+Hospice                                                   28-31
+
+                       CHAPTER VIII
+
+                   THE SUFFRAGE CAMPAIGN
+
+Justice of claim appealed to Dr. Inglis--Worked from
+constitutional point of view--Founding of Scottish Federation of
+Suffrage Societies--Dr. Inglis's activities for the
+cause--Tributes from women who worked with her--Description of
+meeting addressed by her                                   32-41
+
+                        CHAPTER IX
+
+                SCOTTISH WOMEN'S HOSPITALS
+
+Dr. Inglis at the outbreak of war: Full of vigour and
+enthusiasm--Idea mooted at Federation Committee Meeting--Rapid
+growth--Hospitals in the field in December                 42-44
+
+                        CHAPTER X
+
+                          SERBIA
+
+Dreadful condition of country--Arrival of Dr. Soltau and Dr.
+Hutchison and Unit--Dr. Inglis's arrival in May, 1915--Fountain
+at Mladanovatz--Letter from officer who designed
+fountain--Dr. Inglis and her Unit taken prisoners in
+November--Account of work at Krushevatz--Release in
+February, 1916--Tributes from Miss Christitch and Lieut.-Colonel
+Popovitch                                                  45-58
+
+                       CHAPTER XI
+
+                         RUSSIA
+
+Dr. Inglis's start for Russia in August, 1916--Unit attached to
+Serb Division near Odessa--Three weeks' work at
+Medjidia--Retreat to Braila--Order of three retreats--Work at
+Reni--Description of Dr. Inglis by one of her Unit--Account
+of her last Communion                                      59-71
+
+                      CHAPTER XII
+
+          "IF YOU WANT US HOME, GET _THEM_ OUT"
+
+Serb Division in unenviable position--Dr. Inglis's determination
+to save them from wholesale slaughter--Hard work through
+summer months to achieve their safety--Efforts crowned with
+success--Left for England in October, bringing her Unit and
+the Division with her                                      72-74
+
+                     CHAPTER XIII
+
+             "THE NEW WORK" AND MEMORIES
+
+Landed at Newcastle on November 23, 1917--Illness on voyage--Dr.
+Ethel Williams's testimony to her fearlessness in facing
+death--Triumph in passing--Scenes at funeral in
+Edinburgh--Memories                                        75-78
+
+BIBLIOGRAPHY                                               79-80
+
+
+
+
+                 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+DR. ELSIE INGLIS IN 1916, AFTER HER RETURN FROM
+SERBIA                                            _Frontispiece_
+
+                                                     FACING PAGE
+
+THE THREE MISS FENDALLS                                        4
+From a picture in the possession of Brigadier-General C. Fendall
+
+ELSIE INGLIS AT THE AGE OF TWO YEARS                           7
+
+JOHN FORBES DAVID INGLIS, ELSIE INGLIS'S FATHER               10
+
+THE HOSPICE, HIGH STREET, EDINBURGH                           28
+
+ELSIE INGLIS, BY IVAN MESTROVICH                              45
+In the Scottish National Gallery
+
+ELSIE INGLIS IN AUGUST, 1916, BEFORE LEAVING FOR RUSSIA       58
+
+THE HIGH STREET, LOOKING TOWARDS ST. GILES'S                  76
+
+
+
+
+ELSIE INGLIS
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I
+
+ELSIE INGLIS
+
+
+The War.
+
+"Elsie Inglis was one of the heroic figures of the war."[1]
+
+
+Suffrage.
+
+"During the whole years of the Suffrage struggle, while the National
+Union of Women's Suffrage Societies was growing and developing, Dr.
+Elsie Inglis stood as a tower of strength, and her unbounded energy and
+unfailing courage helped the cause forward in more ways than she knew.
+To the London Society she stood out as a supporter of wise councils and
+bold measures; time after time, in the decisions of the Union, they
+found themselves by her side, and from England to Scotland they learned
+to look to her as to a staunch friend.
+
+"Later, when the war transformed the work of the Societies of the Union,
+they trusted and followed her still, and it is their comfort now to
+think that in all her time of need it was their privilege to support
+her."[2]
+
+
+Medical.
+
+"We medical women in Scotland will miss her very much, for she was
+indeed a strong rock amongst us all."[3]
+
+
+Scottish Women's Hospitals.
+
+"Those who work in the hospitals she founded and for the Units she
+commanded, and all who witnessed her labours, feel inspired by her
+dauntless example. The character of the Happy Warrior was in some
+measure her character. We reverence her calm fearlessness and forceful
+energies, her genius for overcoming obstacles, her common sense, her
+largeness of mind and purpose, and we rejoice in the splendour of her
+achievements."[4]
+
+
+Home.
+
+"It is not of her great qualities that I think now, but rather that she
+was such a darling."[5]
+
+
+Serbia.
+
+"By her knowledge she cured the physical wounds of the Serb soldiers. By
+her shining face she cured their souls. Silent, busy, smiling--that was
+her method. She strengthened the faith of her patients in _knowledge_
+and in _Christianity_. Scotland hardly could send to Serbia a better
+Christian missionary."[6]
+
+
+As the days pass, bringing the figure of Elsie Inglis into perspective,
+these true and beautiful pictures of her fall quietly into the
+background, and one idea begins slowly to emerge and to expand, and to
+become the most real fact about her. As we follow her outward life and
+read the writings she left behind her, we come to realize that her
+greatness lay not so much in the things she achieved as in the hidden
+power of her spirit. _She was a woman of solved problems._ The
+far-reaching qualities of her mind and character are but the outcome of
+this inward condition.
+
+All men and women have problems; few solve them. The solved problem in
+any life is the expression of genius, and is the cause of strength and
+peace in the character.
+
+
+"It is amazing how sometimes a name begins to shine like a star, and
+then to glow and glow until it fills the firmament. Such a name is Elsie
+Inglis."[7]
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] Dr. Seton-Watson.
+
+[2] The London Committee of the N.U.W.S.S.
+
+[3] A medical colleague.
+
+[4] Mrs. Flinders Petrie.
+
+[5] I. A. W., niece.
+
+[6] Bishop Nicolai Velimirovic.
+
+[7] Rev. Norman Maclean, D.D.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II
+
+THE ROCK FROM WHICH SHE WAS HEWN
+
+
+     _"It is not the weariness of mortality, but the Strength of
+     Divinity which we have to recognize in all mighty things."_
+
+
+In the centre stands Elsie Inglis, the "woman of gentle breeding, short
+of stature, alert, and with the eyes of a seer," and "a smile like
+sunshine"; and on either side and behind this central figure the stage
+is crowded with men and women of long ago, the people of her race. One
+by one they catch our eye, and we note their connection with the central
+figure.
+
+Far back in the group (for it is near two hundred years ago) stands Hugh
+Inglis, hailing from Inverness-shire. He was a loyal supporter of Prince
+Charlie, and the owner of a yacht, which he used in gun-running in the
+service of the Prince.
+
+A little nearer are two of Elsie's great-grandfathers, John Fendall and
+Alexander Inglis. John Fendall was Governor of Java at the time when the
+island was restored to the Dutch. The Dutch fleet arrived to take it
+over before Fendall had received his instructions from the Government,
+and he refused to give it up till they reached him--a gesture not
+without a parallel in the later years of the life of his descendant.
+Alexander Inglis, leaving Inverness-shire, emigrated to South Carolina,
+and was there killed in a duel fought on some point of honour. Through
+his wife, Mary Deas, Elsie's descent runs up to Robert the Bruce on the
+one hand, and, on the other, to a family who left France after the
+revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and settled in Scotland.
+
+As we thread our way through the various figures on the stage we are
+attracted by a group of three women. They are the daughters of the
+Governor of Java, "the three Miss Fendalls." One of them, Harriet, is
+Elsie's grandmother. All three married, and their descendants in the
+second generation numbered well over a hundred! Harriet Fendall married
+George Powney Thompson, whose father was at one time secretary to Warren
+Hastings. George Thompson himself was a member of the East India
+Company, and ruled over large provinces in India. One of their nine
+daughters, Harriet Thompson, was Elsie's mother.
+
+On the other side of the stage, in the same generation as the Miss
+Fendalls, is another group of women. These are the three sisters of
+Elsie's grandfather, David Inglis, son of Alexander, who fared forth to
+South Carolina, and counted honour more dear than life.
+
+David was evidently a restless, keen, adventurous man; many years of his
+life were spent in India in the service of the East India Company. Of
+his three sisters--Katherine, painted by Raeburn; Mary, gentle and
+quiet; and Elizabeth--we linger longest near Elizabeth. She never
+married, and was an outstanding personality in the little family. She
+was evidently conversant with all the questions of the day, and
+commented on them in the long, closely written letters which have been
+preserved.
+
+After David's return from India he must have intended at one time to
+stand for Parliament. Elizabeth writes to him from her "far corner" in
+Inverness-shire, giving him stirring advice, and demanding from him an
+uncompromising, high standard. She tells him to "unfurl his banner"; she
+knows "he will carry his religion into his politics." "Separate religion
+from politics!" cries Elizabeth; "as well talk of separating our every
+duty from religion!"
+
+Needless anxiety, one would think, on the part of the good Highland
+lady, for the temptation to leave religion out of any of his activities
+can scarcely have assailed David. We read that when Elsie's grandfather
+had returned from the East to England he used to give missionary
+addresses, not, one would think, a common form of activity in a retired
+servant of the East India Company. One hears this note of genuine
+religion in the lives of those forebears of Elsie's.
+
+[Illustration: Lady D'Oyly   Mrs. Lowis   Mrs. Thompson (Elsie's
+Grandmother)
+
+THE MISSES FENDALL
+
+FROM A DRAWING IN THE POSSESSION OF BRIGADIER-GENERAL C. FENDALL, C.B.,
+C.M.G., D.S.O., ETC.]
+
+"The extraordinary thing in all the letters, whether they were
+written by an Inglis, a Deas, or a Money, is the pervading note of
+strong religious faith. They not only refer to religion, but often, in
+truly Scottish fashion, they enter on long theological dissertations."
+
+David married Martha Money. Close to Martha on the stage stands her
+brother, William Taylor Money, Elsie's great-uncle. We greet him gladly,
+for he was a man of character. He was a friend of Wilberforce, and a
+Member of Parliament when the Anti-Slavery Bill was passed. Afterwards
+"he owned a merchant vessel, and gained great honour by his capture of
+several of the Dutch fleet, who mistook him for a British man-of-war,
+the smart appearance of his vessel with its manned guns deceiving them."
+There is a picture in Trinity House of his vessel bringing in the Dutch
+ships. Later, he was Consul-General at Venice and the north of Italy,
+where he died, in 1834, in his gondola! He had strong religious
+convictions, and would never infringe the sacredness of the Sabbath-day
+by any "secular work." In a short biography of him, written in 1835, the
+weight of his religious beliefs, which made themselves felt both in
+Parliament and when Consul, is dwelt on at length. A son of David and
+Martha Inglis, John Forbes David Inglis, was Elsie's father. John went
+to India in 1840, following his father's footsteps in the service of the
+East India Company. Thirty-six years of his life were spent there, with
+only one short furlough home. He rose to distinction in the service, and
+gained the love and trust of the Indian peoples. After he retired in
+1876 one of his Indian friends addressed a letter to him, "John Inglis,
+England, Tasmania, or wherever else he may be, this shall be delivered
+to him," and through the ingenuity of the British Post Office it was
+delivered in Tasmania.
+
+Elsie's mother, Harriet Thompson, went out to India when she was
+seventeen to her father, George Powney Thompson. She married when she
+was eighteen.
+
+She met her future husband, John Inglis, at a dance in her father's
+house. Her children were often told by their father of the white muslin
+dress, with large purple flowers all over it, worn by her that evening,
+and how he and several of his friends, young men in the district, drove
+fifty miles to have the chance of dancing with her!
+
+"She must have had a steady nerve, for her letters are full of various
+adventures in camp and tiger-haunted jungles, and most of them narrate
+the presence of one of her infants, who was accompanying the parents on
+their routine of Indian official life." In 1858, when John Inglis was
+coming home on his one short furlough, she trekked down from Lahore to
+Calcutta with the six children in country conveyances. The journey took
+four months; then came the voyage round the Cape, another four months.
+Of course she had the help of ayahs and bearers on the journeys, but
+even with such help it was no easy task.
+
+John Inglis saw his family settled in Southampton, and almost
+immediately had to return to India, on the outbreak of the Mutiny. His
+wife stayed at home with the children, until India was again a safe
+place for English women, when she rejoined her husband in 1863.
+
+
+They crowd round Elsie Inglis, these men and women in their quaint and
+attractive costumes of long ago; we feel their influence on her; we see
+their spirit mingling with hers. As we run our eye over the crowded
+stage, we see the dim outline of the rock from which she was hewn, we
+feel the spirit which was hers, and we hail it again as it drives her
+forth to play her part in the great drama of the last three years of her
+life.
+
+The members of every family, every group of blood relations, are held
+together by the unseen spirit of their generations. It matters little
+whether they can trace their descent or not; the peculiar spirit of that
+race which is theirs fashions them for particular purposes and work. And
+what are they all but the varied expressions of the One Divine Mind, of
+the Endless Life of God?
+
+[Illustration: ELSIE INGLIS
+
+AT THE AGE OF 2 YEARS]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III
+
+1864-1894
+
+
+Elsie Inglis was born on August 16, 1864, in India. The wide plains of
+India, the "huddled hills" and valleys of the Himalayas, were the
+environment with which Nature surrounded her for the first twelve years
+of her life. Her childhood was a happy one, and the most perfect
+friendship existed between her and her father from her earliest days.
+
+"All our childhood is full of remembrances of father.[8] He never forgot
+our birthdays; however hot it was down in the scorched plains, when the
+day came round, if we were up in the hills, a large parcel would arrive
+from him. His very presence was joy and strength when he came to us at
+Naini Tal. What a remembrance there is of early breakfasts and early
+walks with him--the father and the three children! The table was spread
+in the verandah between six and seven. Father made three cups of cocoa,
+one for each of us, and then the glorious walk! The ponies followed
+behind, each with their attendant grooms, and two or three red-coated
+chaprassies, father stopping all along the road to talk to every native
+who wished to speak to him, while we three ran about, laughing and
+interested in everything. Then, at night, the shouting for him after we
+were in bed, and father's step bounding up the stair in Calcutta, or
+coming along the matted floor of our hill home. All order and quietness
+were flung to the winds while he said good-night to us.
+
+"It was always understood that Elsie and he were special chums, but that
+never made any jealousy. Father was always just. The three cups of cocoa
+were always the same in quantity and quality. We got equal shares of
+his right and his left hand in our walks; but Elsie and he were
+comrades, inseparables from the day of her birth.
+
+"In the background of our lives there was always the quiet, strong
+mother, whose eyes and smile live on through the years. Every morning
+before the breakfast and walk there were five minutes when we sat in
+front of her in a row on little chairs in her room and read the
+Scripture verses in turn, and then knelt in a straight, quiet row and
+repeated the prayers after her. Only once can I remember father being
+angry with any of us, and that was when one of us ventured to hesitate
+in instant obedience to some wish of hers. I still see the room in which
+it happened, and the thunder in his voice is with me still."
+
+There was a constant change of scene during these years in
+India--Allahabad, Naini Tal, Calcutta, Simla, and Lucknow. After her
+father retired, two years in Australia visiting older brothers who had
+settled there, and then in 1878 home to the land of her fathers.
+
+On the voyage home, when Elsie was about fourteen, her mother writes of
+her:
+
+"Elsie has found occupation for herself in helping to nurse sick
+children and look after turbulent boys who trouble everybody on board,
+and a baby of seven months old is an especial favourite with her."
+
+But through the changing scenes there was always growing and deepening
+the beautiful comradeship between father and daughter. The family
+settled in Edinburgh, and Elsie went to school to the Charlotte Square
+Institution, perhaps in those days the best school for girls in
+Edinburgh. In the history class taught by Mr. Hossack she was nearly
+always at the top.
+
+Of her school life in Edinburgh a companion writes:
+
+"I remember quite distinctly when the girls of 23, Charlotte Square were
+told that two girls from Tasmania were coming to the school, and a
+certain feeling of surprise that the said girls were just like ordinary
+mortals, though the big, earnest brows and the hair quaintly parted in
+the middle and done up in plaits fastened up at the back of the head
+were certainly not ordinary.
+
+"A friend has the story of a question going round the class; she thinks
+Clive or Warren Hastings was the subject of the lesson, and the question
+was what one would do if a calumny were spread about one. 'Deny it,' one
+girl answered. 'Fight it,' another. Still the teacher went on asking.
+'Live it down,' said Elsie. 'Right, Miss Inglis.' My friend writes: 'The
+question I cannot remember; it was the bright, confident smile with the
+answer, and Mr. Hossack's delighted wave to the top of the class that
+abides in my memory.'
+
+"I always think a very characteristic story of Elsie is her asking that
+the school might have permission to play in Charlotte Square Gardens. In
+those days no one thought of providing fresh-air exercise for girls
+except by walks, and tennis was just coming in. Elsie had the courage
+(to us schoolgirls it seemed extraordinary courage) to confront the
+three Directors of the school, and ask if we might be allowed to play in
+the gardens of the Square. The three Directors together were to us the
+most formidable and awe-inspiring body, though separately they were
+amiable and estimable men!
+
+"The answer was, we might play in the gardens if the residents of the
+Square would give their consent, and the heroic Elsie, with, I think,
+one other girl, actually went round to each house in the Square and
+asked consent of the owner. In those days the inhabitants of Charlotte
+Square were very select and exclusive indeed, and we all felt it was a
+brave thing to do. Elsie gained her point, and the girls played at
+certain hours in the Square till a regular playing-field was
+arranged.... Elsie's companion or companions in this first adventure to
+influence those in authority have been spoken of as 'her first
+Unit.'"[9]
+
+When she was eighteen she went for a year to Paris with six other girls,
+in charge of Miss Gordon Brown. She came home again shortly before her
+mother's death in January, 1885. Henceforth she was her father's
+constant companion. They took long walks together, talked on every
+subject, and enjoyed many humorous episodes together. On one point only
+they disagreed--Home Rule for Ireland: she for it, he against.
+
+During the nine years from 1885 to her father's death in 1894, she
+began and completed her medical studies with his full approval. The
+great fight for the opening of the door for women to study medicine had
+been fought and won earlier by Dr. Sophia Jex-Blake, Dr. Garrett
+Anderson, and others. But though the door was open, there was still much
+opposition to be encountered and a certain amount of persecution to be
+borne when the women of Dr. Inglis's time ventured to enter the halls of
+medical learning.
+
+Along the pathway made easy for them by these women of the past,
+hundreds of young women are to-day entering the medical profession. As
+we look at them we realize that in their hands, to a very large extent,
+lies the solving of the acutest problem of our race--the relation of the
+sexes. Will they fail us? Will they be content with a solution along
+lines that can only be called a second best? When we remember the
+clear-brained women in whose steps they follow, who opened the medical
+world for them, and whose spirits will for ever overshadow the women who
+walk in it, we know they will not fail us.
+
+Elsie Inglis pursued her medical studies in Edinburgh and Glasgow. After
+she qualified she was for six months House-Surgeon in the New Hospital
+for Women and Children in London, and then went to the Rotunda in Dublin
+for a few months' special study in midwifery.
+
+She returned home in March, 1894, in time to be with her father during
+his last illness. Daily letters had passed between them whenever she was
+away from home. His outlook on life was so broad and tolerant, his
+judgment on men and affairs so sane and generous, his religion so vital,
+that with perfect truth she could say, as she did, at one of the biggest
+meetings she addressed after her return from Serbia: "If I have been
+able to do anything, I owe it all to my father."
+
+After his death she started practice with Dr. Jessie Macgregor at 8,
+Walker Street, Edinburgh. It was a happy partnership for the few years
+it lasted, until for family reasons Dr. Macgregor left Scotland for
+America. Dr. Inglis stayed on in Walker Street, taking over Dr.
+Macgregor's practice. Then followed years of hard work and interests in
+many directions.
+
+[Illustration: JOHN FORBES DAVID INGLIS
+
+ELSIE INGLIS' FATHER
+
+"If I have been able to do anything--whatever I am, whatever I have
+done--I owe it all to my Father."
+
+_Elsie Inglis, at a meeting held in the Criterion Theatre, London, April
+5th, 1916_]
+
+The Hospice for Women and Children in the High Street of Edinburgh was
+started. Her practice grew, and she became a keen suffragist. During
+these years also she evidently faced and solved her problems.
+
+She was a woman capable of great friendships. During the twenty years of
+her professional life perhaps the three people who stood nearest to her
+were her sister, Mrs. Simson, and the Very Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Wallace
+Williamson. These friendships were a source of great strength and
+comfort to her.
+
+We may fitly close this chapter by quoting descriptions of Dr. Inglis by
+two of her friends--Miss S. E. S. Mair, of Edinburgh, and Dr. Beatrice
+Russell:
+
+"In outward appearance Dr. Inglis was no Amazon, but just a woman of
+gentle breeding, courteous, sweet-voiced, somewhat short of stature,
+alert, and with the eyes of a seer, blue-grey and clear, looking forth
+from under a brow wide and high, with soft brown hair brushed loosely
+back; with lips often parted in a radiant smile, discovering small white
+teeth and regular, but lips which were at times firmly closed with a
+fixity of purpose such as would warn off unwarrantable opposition or
+objections from less bold workers. Those clear eyes had a peculiar power
+of withdrawing on rare occasions, as it were, behind a curtain when
+their owner desired to absent herself from discussion of points on which
+she preferred to give no opinion. It was no mere expression such as
+absent-mindedness might produce, but was, as she herself was aware, a
+voluntary action of withdrawal from all participation in what was going
+on. The discussion over, in a moment the blinds would be up and the soul
+looked forth through its clear windows with steady gaze. Whether the
+aural doors had been closed also there is no knowing."
+
+
+"She was a keen politician--in the pre-war days a staunch supporter of
+the Liberal party, and in the years immediately preceding the war she
+devoted much of her time to work in connection with the Women's Suffrage
+movement. She was instrumental in organizing the Scottish Federation of
+Women's Suffrage Societies, and was Honorary Secretary of the Federation
+up to the time of her death. But the factor which most greatly
+contributed to her influence was the unselfishness of her work. She
+truly 'set the cause above renown' and loved 'the game beyond the
+prize.' She was always above the suspicion of working for ulterior
+motives or grinding a personal axe. It was ever the work, and not her
+own share in it, which concerned her, and no one was more generous in
+recognizing the work of others.
+
+"To her friends Elsie Inglis is a vivid memory, yet it is not easy
+clearly to put in words the many sides of her character. In the care of
+her patients she was sympathetic, strong, and unsparing of herself; in
+public life she was a good speaker and a keen fighter; while as a woman
+and a friend she was a delightful mixture of sound good sense, quick
+temper, and warm-hearted impulsiveness--a combination of qualities which
+won her many devoted friends. A very marked feature of her character was
+an unusual degree of optimism which never failed her. Difficulties never
+existed for Dr. Inglis, and were barely so much as thought of in
+connection with any cause she might have at heart. This, with her clear
+head and strong common sense, made her a real driving power, and any
+scheme which had her interest always owed much to her ability to push
+things through."
+
+
+In the following chapters the principal events in her life during these
+twenty years--1894 to 1914--will be dealt with in detail, before we
+arrive at the story of the last three years and of the "Going Forth."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[8] From contributions to _Dr. Elsie Inglis_, by Lady Frances Balfour.
+
+[9] _Dr. Elsie Inglis_, by Lady Frances Balfour.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV
+
+HER MEDICAL CAREER
+
+1894-1914
+
+
+During the years from 1894 to 1914 the main stream in Elsie Inglis's
+life was her medical work. This was her profession, her means of
+livelihood; it was also the source from which she drew conclusions in
+various directions, which influenced her conduct in after-years, and it
+supplied the foundation and the scaffolding for the structure of her
+achievements at home and abroad.
+
+The pursuit of her profession for twenty years in Edinburgh brought to
+her many experiences which roused new and wide interests, and which left
+their impress on her mind.
+
+One who was a fellow-student writes of her classmate: "She impressed one
+immediately with her mental and physical sturdiness. She had an
+extremely pleasant face, with a finely moulded forehead, soft, kind,
+fearless, blue eyes, and a smile, when it came, like sunshine; with this
+her mouth and chin were firm and determined."
+
+She was a student of the School of Medicine for Women in Edinburgh of
+which Dr. Jex-Blake was Dean--a fine woman of strong character, to whom,
+and to a small group of fellow-workers in England, women owe the opening
+of the door of the medical profession. As Dean, however, she may have
+erred in attempting an undue control over the students. To Elsie Inglis
+and some of her fellow-students this seemed to prejudice their liberty,
+and to frustrate an aim she always had in view, the recognition by the
+public of an equal footing on all grounds with men students. The
+difficulties became so great that Elsie Inglis at length left the
+Edinburgh school and continued her education at Glasgow, where at St.
+Margaret's College classes in medicine had recently been opened. A
+fellow-student writes: "Never very keenly interested in the purely
+scientific side of the curriculum, she had a masterly grasp of what was
+practical." She took her qualifying medical diploma in 1902.
+
+After her return to Edinburgh she started a scheme and brought it to
+fruition with that fearlessness and ability which at a later period came
+to be expected from her, both by her friends and by the public. With the
+help of sympathetic lecturers and friends of The Women's Movement, she
+succeeded in establishing a second School of Medicine for Women in
+Edinburgh, with its headquarters at Minto House, a building which had
+been associated with the study of medicine since the days of Syme. It
+proved a successful venture. After the close of Dr. Jex-Blake's school a
+few years later, it was the only school for women students in Edinburgh,
+and continued to be so till the University opened its doors to them.
+
+It was mainly due to Dr. Inglis's exertions that The Hospice was opened
+in the High Street of Edinburgh as a nursing home and maternity centre
+staffed by medical women. An account of it and of Dr. Inglis's work in
+connection with it is given in a later chapter.
+
+She was appointed Joint-Surgeon to the Edinburgh Bruntsfield Hospital
+and Dispensary for Women and Children, also staffed by women and one of
+the fruits of Dr. Jex-Blake's exertions. Here, again, Elsie Inglis's
+courage and energy made themselves felt. She desired a larger field for
+the usefulness of the institution, and proposed to enlarge the hospital
+to such an extent that its accommodation for patients should be doubled.
+A colleague writes: "Once again the number must be doubled, always with
+the same idea in view--_i.e._, to insure the possibilities for gaining
+experience for women doctors. Once again the committee was carried along
+on a wave of unprecedented effort to raise money. An eager band of
+volunteers was organized, among them some of her own students. Bazaars
+and entertainments were arranged, special appeals were issued, and the
+necessary money was found, and the alterations carried out. It was
+never part of Dr. Inglis's policy to wait till the money came in. She
+always played a bold game, and took risks which left the average person
+aghast, and in the end she invariably justified her action by
+accomplishing the task which she set herself, and, at times it must be
+owned, which she set an all too unwilling committee! But for that breezy
+and invincible faith and optimism the Scottish Women's Hospitals would
+never have taken shape in 1914."
+
+Dr. Inglis's plea for the Units of the Scottish Women's Hospital was
+always that they might be sent "where the need was greatest." In these
+years of work before the war the same motive, to supply help where it
+was most needed, seems to have guided her private practice, for we read:
+"Dr. Inglis was perhaps seen at her best in her dispensary work, for she
+was truly the friend and the champion of the working woman, and
+especially of the mother in poor circumstances and struggling to bring
+up a large family. Morrison Street Dispensary and St. Anne's Dispensary
+were the centre of this work, and for years to come mothers will be
+found in this district who will relate how Dr. Inglis put at their
+service the best of her professional skill and, more than that, gave
+them unstintedly of her sympathy and understanding."
+
+Dr. Wallace Williamson, of St. Giles's Cathedral, writing of her after
+her death, is conscious also of this impulse always manifesting itself
+in her to work where difficulties abounded. He points out: "Of her
+strictly professional career it may be truly said that her real
+attraction had been to work among the suffering poor.... She was seen at
+her best in hospice and dispensary, and in homes where poverty added
+keenness to pain. There she gave herself without reserve. Questions of
+professional rivalry or status of women slipped away in her large
+sympathy and helpfulness. Like a truly 'good physician,' she gave them
+from her own courage an uplift of spirit even more valuable than
+physical cure. She understood them and was their friend. To her they
+were not merely patients, but fellow-women. It was one of her great
+rewards that the poor folk to whom she gave of her best rose to her
+faith in them, whatever their privations or temptations. Her relations
+with them were remote from mere routine, and so distinctively human and
+real that her name is everywhere spoken with the note of personal loss.
+Had not the wider call come, this side of her work awaited the
+fulfilment of ever nobler dreams."
+
+She was loved and appreciated as a doctor not only by her poorer
+patients, but by those whom she attended in all ranks of society.
+
+Of her work as an operator and lecturer two of her colleagues say:
+
+"It was a pleasure to see Dr. Inglis in the operating-theatre. She was
+quiet, calm, and collected, and never at a loss, skilful in her
+manipulations, and able to cope with any emergency."
+
+"As a lecturer she proved herself clear and concise, and the level of
+her lectures never fell below that of the best established standards.
+Students were often heard to say that they owed to her a clear and a
+practical grasp of a subject which is inevitably one of the most
+important for women doctors."
+
+
+Should it be asked what was the secret of her success in her work, the
+answer would not be difficult to find. A clear brain she had, but she
+had more. She had vision, for her life was based on a profound trust in
+God, and her vision was that of a follower of Christ, the vision of the
+kingdom of heaven upon earth. This was the true source of that
+remarkable optimism which carried her over difficulties deemed by others
+insurmountable. Once started in pursuit of an object, she was most
+reluctant to abandon it, and her gaze was so keenly fixed on the end in
+view that it must be admitted she was found by some to be "ruthless" in
+the way in which she pushed on one side any who seemed to her to be
+delaying or obstructing the fulfilment of her project. There was,
+however, never any selfish motive prompting her; the end was always a
+noble one, for she had an unselfish, generous nature. An intimate
+friend, well qualified to judge, herself at first prejudiced against
+her, writes:
+
+"In everything she did that was always to me her most outstanding
+characteristic, her self-effacing and abounding generosity. Indeed, it
+was so characteristic of her that it was often misunderstood and her
+action was imputed to a desire for self-advertisement. A fellow-doctor
+told me that when she was working in one of the Edinburgh laboratories
+she heard men discussing something Dr. Inglis had undertaken, and,
+evidently finding her action quite incomprehensible, they concluded it
+was dictated by personal ambition. My friend turned on them in the most
+emphatic way: 'You were never more mistaken. The thought of self or
+self-interest never even entered Elsie Inglis's mind in anything she did
+or said.'" Again, another writes: "One recalls her generous appreciation
+of any good work done by other women, especially by younger women. Any
+attempt to strike out in a new line, any attempt to fill a post not
+previously occupied by a woman, received her unstinted admiration and
+warm support."
+
+It was her delight to show hospitality to her friends, many of whom,
+especially women doctors and friends made in the Suffrage movement,
+stayed with her at her house in Walker Street, Edinburgh. But her
+hospitality did not end there. One doctor, whom we have already quoted,
+on arrival on a visit, found that only the day before Dr. Inglis had
+said good-bye to a party of guests, a woman with five children, a
+patient badly in need of rest, who had the misfortune to have an unhappy
+home, and was without any relatives to help her. Dr. Inglis's relations
+with her poor patients have been already referred to. Not only did she
+give them all she could in the way of professional attention and skill,
+but her generosity to them was unbounded. "I had a patient," writes a
+doctor, "very ill with pulmonary tuberculosis. She was to go to a
+sanatorium, and her widowed mother was quite unable to provide the
+rather ample outfit demanded. Dr. Inglis gave me everything for her,
+down to umbrella and goloshes."
+
+Naturally her devotion was returned, though in one case which is
+recorded Dr. Inglis's care met with resentment at first. A woman who was
+expecting a baby--her ninth--applied at a dispensary where Dr. Inglis
+happened to be in charge. Her advice was distasteful to the patient, who
+tried another dispensary, only to meet again with the same advice, again
+from a woman member of the profession. A third dispensary brought her
+the same fortune! Eventually, when the need for professional skill came,
+she was attended by the two latter doctors she had seen, for the case
+proved to be a difficult one. Requiring the aid of greater
+experience--for they were juniors--they sent for Dr. Inglis, with whose
+help the lives of mother and child were saved. Thus the patient was
+attended in the end by all the three women physicians whose advice she
+had scorned. The child was the first boy in the large family, and the
+mother's gratitude and delight after her recovery knew no bounds. It
+found, however, Scotch expression, shall we say? in her tribute, "Weel,
+I've had the hale three o' ye efter a', and ye canna say I hae'na likit
+ye--_at the hinder en' at ony rate_!" "That woman kept us busy with
+patients for many a day," writes one of the three. The bulky
+mother-in-law of one patient expressed her admiration of the doctor and
+her lack of faith in the justice of things by saying: "It's no fair Dr.
+Inglis is a woman; if she'd been a man, she'd ha' been a millionaire!"
+The doctor in whose memory these incidents live says of her friend: "No
+item was too trivial, no trouble too great to take, if she could help a
+human being, or if she could push forward or help a younger doctor."
+
+If Elsie Inglis's intrepidity, determination, and invincible optimism
+were well known to the public, the circle of her friends was warmed by
+the truly loving heart with which they came in contact.
+
+The following incident may show in some degree what a tender heart it
+was. A friend whose brother died, after an operation, in a nursing home
+in Edinburgh was staying at Dr. Inglis's house when the death occurred.
+The body had to be taken to the Highland home in the North. The sister
+writes: "My younger brother called for me in the early morning, as we
+had to leave by the 3 a.m. train to accompany the body to Inverness.
+When Dr. Inglis had said good-bye to us and we drove away in the cab, my
+brother--he is just an ordinary keen business man--turned to me with his
+eyes filled with tears, and said: 'I should have liked to kiss her like
+my mother.' (We had never known our mother.)"
+
+In the fourteenth century, in that wonderful and most lovable woman,
+Catherine of Siena, we find the same union of strength and tenderness
+which was so noticeable in Dr. Inglis. In the _Life_ of St. Catherine it
+is said: "Everybody loves Catherine Benincasa because she was always and
+everywhere a woman in every fibre of her being. By nature and
+temperament she was fitted to be what she succeeded in remaining to the
+end--a strong, noble woman, whose greatest strength lay in her
+tenderness, and whose nobility sprung from her tender femininity."
+
+In her political sagacity, her optimism, and cheerfulness also, she
+reminds us of Elsie Inglis. During St. Catherine's Mission to Tuscany
+the following story is told of her by her biographer: "The other case"
+(of healing) "was that of Messer Matteo, her friend, the Rector of
+Misericordia, who had been one of the most active of the heretic priests
+in Siena. To this good man, lying _in extremis_ after terrible agony,
+Catherine entered, crying cheerfully: 'Rise up, rise up, Ser Matteo!
+This is not the time to be taking your ease in bed!' Immediately the
+disease left him, and he, who could so ill be spared at such a time,
+arose whole and sound to minister to others."[10]
+
+We smile as we read of Catherine's "cheerful" entrance into this
+sick-chamber, and those who knew Dr. Inglis can recall many such a
+breezy entrance into the depressing atmosphere of some of her patients'
+sickrooms.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[10] _Catherine of Siena_, by C. M. Antony.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V
+
+THE SOLVED PROBLEMS
+
+
+     "_It is the solution worked out in the life, not merely in words,
+     that brings home to other lives the fact that the problem is not
+     insoluble_."
+
+
+It may be truly said that special types of problems come before the
+unmarried woman for solution--problems as to her connection with society
+and with the race, which confront her as they do not others. Though few
+signs of a mental struggle were visible on the surface, there is no
+doubt that Elsie Inglis met these problems and settled them in the
+silence of her heart. It is a fact of much interest in connection with
+the subject of this memoir that amongst the papers found after she had
+died is the MS. of a novel written by herself, entitled _The Story of a
+Modern Woman_, and one turns the pages with eager interest to see if
+they furnish a key to the path along which she travelled in solving her
+problems. The expectation is realized, and in reading the pages of the
+novel we find the secret of the assurance and happy courage which
+characterized her. Whether she intended it or not, many parts of the
+book are without doubt autobiographical. In this chapter we propose to
+give some extracts from the novel which we consider justify the belief
+that the authoress is describing her own experiences.
+
+The first extract refers to her "discovery" that she was almost entirely
+without fear. The heroine is Hildeguard Forrest, a woman of
+thirty-seven, a High School teacher. During a boating accident, which
+might have resulted fatally, the fact reveals itself to Hildeguard that
+she does not know what fear is. The story of the accident closes with
+these words:
+
+
+     "Self-revelation is not usually a pleasant process. Not often do we
+     find ourselves better than we expected. Usually the sudden flash
+     that shows us ourselves makes us blush with shame at the sight we
+     see. But very rarely, and for the most part for the people who are
+     not self-conscious, the flash may, in a moment, reveal unknown
+     powers or unsuspected strength.
+
+     "And Hildeguard, sitting back in the boat, suddenly realized she
+     wasn't a coward. She looked back in surprise over her life, and
+     remembered that the terror which as a child would seize her in a
+     sudden emergency was the fear of being parted from her mother, not
+     any personal fear for herself, or her own safety.
+
+     "Such a pleasurable glow swept over her as she sat there in the
+     rocking boat. 'Why, no,' she thought; 'I wasn't frightened.'"
+
+
+A similar accident befell Elsie Inglis when a young woman. Whether the
+absence of fear disclosed itself to her then or not cannot be said, but
+she is known to have said to a friend after her return from Serbia: "It
+was a great day in my life when I discovered that I did not know what
+fear was."
+
+Benjamin Kidd in _The Science of Power_ gives (unintentionally) an
+indication where to look for the secret of the childless woman's feeling
+of loneliness--_she has no link with the future_. He affirms that woman
+because of her very nature has her roots in the future. "To women," he
+says, "the race is always more than the individual; the future greater
+than the present."
+
+As we follow Hildeguard through the pages of the novel, she is shown to
+us as faced with the problem of becoming "a lonely woman," the problem
+that meets the unmarried and the childless woman. And the claims and the
+meaning of religion are confronting her too. The story traces the
+workings of Hildeguard's mind and the events of her life for a year.
+
+Christmas Day in the novel finds Hildeguard a lonely and dissatisfied
+woman with no "sure anchor." She has had a happy childhood, with many
+relations and friends around her. One by one these are taken from
+her--some are dead, others are married--and she sees herself, at the age
+of thirty-seven, a forlorn figure with no great interest in the future,
+and her thoughts dwelling mostly on the joyous past. Two or three of
+Hildeguard's friends are conversing together in her rooms. None of them
+has had a happy day. Each in her own way is feeling the depression of
+the lonely woman. Frances, a little Quaker lady, enters the room, as
+someone remarks on the sadness of Christmas-time.
+
+
+     "'Yes,' at last said the Quaker lady; 'I heard what you said as I
+     came in, dear. Christmas is a hard time with all its memories. _I
+     think I have found out what we lonely women want. It is a future_.
+     Our thoughts are always turning to the past. There is not anything
+     to link us on to the next generation. You see other women with
+     their families--it is the future to which they look. However good
+     the past has been, they expect more to come, for their sons and
+     their daughters. Their life goes on in other lives.' Hildeguard
+     clasped her hands round her knees and stared into the fire."
+
+
+"Their life goes on in other lives"--the thought finds a home in
+Hildeguard's mind. When, soon after, the little Quakeress dies,
+Hildeguard, looking at the quiet face, says to herself: "_Dear little
+woman! So you have got your future._" But in her own case she does not
+wait for death to bring it to her; she faces her problems, and, refusing
+to be swamped by them, makes the currents carry her bark along to the
+free, open sea. She flings herself whole-heartedly into causes whose
+hopes rest in the future. She draws around her children, who need her
+love and care, and makes them her hostages for the future. In all this
+we see Elsie Inglis describing a stage in her own life.
+
+But before the story brings us round again to Christmas, something else
+has helped to change the outlook for Hildeguard; she has found herself
+in relation to God. Her religion is no merely inherited thing--not hers
+at second-hand, this "link with God." It is a real thing to her, found
+for herself, made part of herself, and so her sure foundation. It has
+come to her in a flash, a never-to-be-forgotten illumination of the
+words: "_The Power of an Endless Life_." She faces life now glad and
+free.
+
+In her "den" on that Christmas Eve she is described thus to us by Elsie
+Inglis:
+
+
+     "Ann had put holly berries over the pictures, and the mantelpiece,
+     too, was covered with it. Between the masses of green and the red
+     berries stood the solid, old-fashioned, gilt frames of long ago,
+     the photographs in them becoming yellow with age. Hildeguard turned
+     to them from the portraits on the walls. She stood, her hands
+     resting on the edge of the mantelpiece. Then suddenly it came to
+     her that her whole attitude towards life and death had altered. For
+     long these old photographs had stood to her as symbols of a past
+     glowing with happiness. Though the pain still lingered even after
+     time had dulled the edge, yet the old pictures typified all that
+     was best in life, and the dim mist of the years rose up between the
+     good days and her.
+
+     "But now, as she looked, her thoughts did not turn to the past. In
+     some unexplained way the loves of long ago seemed to be entwined
+     with a future so wonderful and so enticing that her heart bounded
+     as she thought of it.
+
+
+     "'Grow old along with me;
+     The best is yet to be.'
+
+
+     "Only last Christmas those words would have meant nothing to her.
+     Then her bark seemed to be stranded among shallows. She felt that
+     she was an old woman, and 'second bests' her lot in the coming
+     years. There could never be any life equal to the old life, in the
+     back-water into which she had drifted.
+
+     "But to-day how different the outlook! Her ship was flying over a
+     sunlit sea, the good wind bulging out the canvas. She felt the
+     thrill of excitement and adventure in her veins as she stood at the
+     helm and gazed across the dancing water. It seemed to her as if she
+     had been asleep and the "Celestial Surgeon" had come and 'stabbed
+     her spirit broad awake.' Joy had done its work, and sorrow;
+     responsibility had come with its stimulating spur, and the ardent
+     delight of battle in a great crusade. New powers she had discovered
+     in herself, new possibilities in the world around her. She was
+     ready for her 'adventure brave and new.' Rabbi Ben Ezra had waited
+     for death to open the gate to it, but to Hildeguard it seemed that
+     she was in the midst of it now, that 'adventure brave and new' in
+     which death itself was also an adventure.
+
+     "'The Power of an Endless Life'--the words seemed to hover around
+     her, just eluding her grasp, just beyond her comprehension, yet
+     something of their significance she seemed to catch. She remembered
+     the flash of intuition as she stood beside Frances' newly-made
+     grave, but she realized, her eyes on the old pictures, that it
+     would take æons to understand all it meant, to exhaust all the
+     wonder of the idea. She could only bring to it her undeveloped
+     powers of thought and of imagination, but she knew that stretching
+     away, hid in an inexpressible light, lay depths undreamt of. To her
+     nineteenth-century intellect life could only mean evolution--life
+     ever taking to itself new forms, developing itself in new ways. At
+     the bed-rock of all her thought lay the consciousness of 'the Power
+     not ourselves, which makes for Righteousness.'
+
+     "No mystic she, to whom an ineffable union with the Highest was the
+     goal of all. Never even distantly did she reach to that idea.
+     Rather she was one of God's simple-hearted soldiers, who took her
+     orders and stood to her post. The words thrilled her, not with the
+     prospect of rest, but with the excitement of advance, 'an Endless
+     Life' with ever new possibilities of growth and of achievement,
+     ever greater battles to be fought for the right, and always new
+     hopes of happiness. Doubtingly and hesitatingly she committed
+     herself to the thought, conscious that it had been forming slowly
+     and unregarded in the strenuous months that lay behind her, through
+     the long years, ever since the first seemingly hopeless 'good-bye'
+     had wrung her heart. She began dimly to feel the 'power' of the
+     idea, the life of which she was the holder, only 'part of a greater
+     whole.' Earth itself only a step in a great progression. Ever
+     upward, ever onward, marching towards some 'Divine far-off event,
+     to which the whole creation moves.'"
+
+
+If another pen than Elsie Inglis's had drawn the picture we should have
+said it was one of herself. Surely she was able to weave around her
+heroine, from the depth of her own inner experiences of solved problems,
+the mantle of joy and freedom with which she herself was clothed.
+
+The causes to which Elsie Inglis became a tower of strength; the "nation
+she twice saved from despair"; the many children, not only those in her
+own connection, on whom she lavished love and care, are the witnesses
+to-day of the completeness and the splendour of her power to mould each
+adverse circumstance in her life and make it yield a great advantage.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI
+
+"HER CHILDREN"
+
+
+"Wonderful courage," "intrepidity of action," "strength of purpose," "no
+weakening pity"--these are terms that are often used in describing Elsie
+Inglis. But there is another side to her character, not so well known,
+from its very nature bound to be less known, which it is the purpose of
+this chapter to discover.
+
+Elsie Inglis was a very loving woman, and she was a child-lover. From
+every source that touched her life, and, touching it, brought her into
+contact with child-life, she, by her interest in children, drew to
+herself this healing link with the future. The children of her poorer
+patients knew well the place they held in her heart. "They would watch
+from the windows, on her dispensary days, for her, and she would wave to
+them across the street. She would often stop them in the street, and ask
+after their mother, and even after she had been to Serbia and had
+returned to Edinburgh she remembered them and their home affairs."[11]
+
+The daily letters to her father, written from Glasgow and London and
+Dublin, are full of stories about the children of her patients. Who but
+a genuine child-lover could have found time to write to a little niece,
+under twelve, letters from Serbia and Russia--one in August, 1915,
+during "The Long, Peaceful Summer," and the other in an ambulance train
+near Odessa?
+
+Her book, _The Story of a Modern Woman_, contains many descriptions
+which reveal a mind to whom the ways of children are of deep interest.
+We draw once more from the pages of the novel, as in no other way can we
+show so well the mother-heart that was hers.
+
+One of Hildeguard's friends, dying in India, leaves three small
+children, whom she commends to her pity. Hildeguard's heart responds at
+once, and the orphans find their home with her. Her first meeting with
+the frightened children and their black nurse is described in detail:
+
+
+     "'Just let's wait a minute or two,' said Hildeguard. 'Let them get
+     used to me. Well, Baby,' she said, turning to the ayah, and holding
+     out her arms.
+
+     "With a great leap and a gurgle Baby precipitated himself towards
+     her, his strong little hands clutching uncertainly at the brooch at
+     her throat. Then the buttons distracted him, and then, after a
+     serious look at her face, his eyes suddenly caught sight of the hat
+     above it, and the irresistible gleam of some ornament on it. With
+     wildly working hands he pulled himself to his feet, and, with one
+     fat little hand on her face, grabbed at the shining jet.
+
+     "Hildeguard, laughing, and submitting herself half resistingly to
+     the onslaught, felt her hat dragged sideways by the uncertain
+     little hand.
+
+     "She held the little one close to her, still laughing, kissing the
+     firm little arms and hands, and talking baby nonsense as if it had
+     been her mother-tongue for years.
+
+     "The brooch again caught Baby's eye, and he made another determined
+     raid on it. He seized it and pricked his finger. Down went the
+     corners of his mouth.
+
+     "'There now,' said Hildeguard, 'I knew you'd do that, you duckie
+     boy,' kissing the pricked hand over and over again. 'And good
+     little sonnie is not to cry. A watch is much safer than a brooch:
+     now let's see if we can get at it,' feeling in her belt.
+
+     "The watch was grabbed at and went straight to his mouth.
+
+     "'Does your watch blow open?' asked Rex.
+
+     "'Come and see,' said Hildeguard.
+
+     "Rex came without a moment's hesitation. Eileen was forgotten in
+     the interest of a new investigation. The watch did blow open. How
+     exceedingly exciting! He leaned both arms on Hildeguard's knee
+     while he defended the watch from Baby's greedy attacks. Then he
+     suddenly remembered something of more importance.
+
+     "'I've got a watch too.' He wriggled wildly with excitement, and
+     pulled out a Waterbury.
+
+     "'Well, you are a lucky boy!' said Hildeguard.
+
+     "Eileen had come forward too, but Hildeguard waited for her to
+     speak before noticing the advance. Rex was standing near to her,
+     pointing out the beauties of the watch, the hands, etc.
+
+     "'And--and--bigger like that'--stretching his arms wide--'bigger
+     like that than your watch.'
+
+     "'Your watch,' said Eileen, 'is little and tiny, like Mummy's
+     watch. But Mummy's watch pins on here,' dabbing at Hildeguard's
+     blouse. Then suddenly she raised swimming eyes to Hildeguard's: 'I
+     do want Mummy,' she said.
+
+     "'Darling,' cried Hildeguard, catching Baby with her right arm, so
+     as to free the other to draw Eileen to her--'Darling, so we all
+     do.'"
+
+
+It is a simple account of the little ways of shy children. Many a mother
+could have written it equally well.
+
+But the interest of Elsie Inglis's descriptions of children lies in the
+fact that they come from the pen of a woman of action, a woman of iron
+nerve, and they give us the other side of her character.
+
+And then--she was a woman whom no child called mother! But thank God the
+instinct is not one that can be dammed up or lost, and in these writings
+we get a glimpse of that motherhood which was hers, and which her life
+showed to be deep enough and wide enough to sweep under its wing the
+human souls, men, women, and children, who, passing near it, and being
+in need, cried out for help, and never cried in vain. To quote a
+fellow-woman:
+
+"The emotions which are the strongest force in a woman must not live in
+the past; they must not be used introspectively, nor for personal
+pleasure and gratification. Used thus, they destroy the woman and weaken
+the race. But _flung forward_, flung into interests outside of the woman
+herself, and thus transmuted into power, they become to her her
+salvation, and to the race a constructive element."
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[11] _Dr. Elsie Inglis_, by Lady Frances Balfour.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII
+
+THE HOSPICE
+
+
+During her medical career Dr. Inglis never lost sight of one aim, equal
+opportunity for the woman with the man in all branches of education and
+practical training and responsibility. She recognized that young women
+doctors in Edinburgh suffered under a serious disadvantage in being
+ineligible for the post of resident medical officer in the Royal
+Infirmary and the chief maternity hospital. "But," writes a friend, "it
+was characteristic of her and her inherent inability to visualize
+obstacles except as incentive to greater effort that she set herself to
+remedy this disadvantage instead of accepting it as an insurmountable
+difficulty. _Women doctors must found a maternity hospital of their
+own._ That was her first decision. A committee was formed, and the
+public responded generously to an appeal for funds." Through the
+kindness of Dr. Hugh Barbour, a house in George Square was put at the
+committee's disposal. But Dr. Inglis felt that it must be near the homes
+of the poor women who needed its shelter, and after four years a site
+was chosen in the historic High Street. Three stories in a huge
+"tenement," reached by a narrow winding stair, were adapted, and The
+Hospice opened its doors.
+
+It was opened in 1901 as a hospital for women, with a dispensary and
+out-patient department, admitting cases of accident and general illness
+as well as maternity patients. After nine years, it was decided to draft
+the general cases from the district to the Edinburgh Hospital for Women
+and Children, and The Hospice devoted all its beds to maternity cases.
+
+[Illustration: _Photo by D. Scott_
+
+THE HOSPICE, HIGH STREET, EDINBURGH]
+
+As soon as the admission book showed a steady intake of patients, Dr.
+Inglis applied for and secured recognition as a lecturer for the
+Central Midwifery Board, in order to be in a position to admit resident
+pupils (nurses and students) to The Hospice for practical instruction in
+midwifery. She at the same time applied to the University of Edinburgh
+for recognition as an extramural lecturer on gynæcology. Recognition was
+granted, and for some years she lectured, using The Hospice or the
+Edinburgh Hospital for Women and Children at Bruntsfield Place for her
+practical instruction.
+
+A woman doctor writes: "In thus starting a maternity hospital in the
+heart of this poor district she showed the understanding born of her
+long experience in the High Street and her great sympathy for all women
+in their hour of need. Single-handed she developed a maternity indoor
+and district service, training her nurses herself in anticipation of the
+extension of the Midwives Act to Scotland. Never too tired to turn out
+at night as well as by day, cheerfully taking on the necessary
+lecturing, she always worked to lay such a foundation that a properly
+equipped maternity hospital would be the natural outcome."
+
+Though hampered by lack of money and suitable assistance, she was never
+daunted, and in a characteristic way insisted that all necessary medical
+requirements should be met, whatever the expense. She worked at The
+Hospice with devotion. Though cherishing always her aim of an
+institution which, while serving the poor, should provide a training for
+women doctors, she threw herself heart and soul into the work because
+she loved it for its own sake, and she loved her poor patients.
+
+In 1913 Dr. Inglis went to America, and her letters were full of her
+plans for further development on her return. At Muskegon, Michigan, she
+found a small memorial hospital, of which she wrote enthusiastically as
+the exact thing she wanted for midwifery in Edinburgh.
+
+On returning from America, for a time she was far from well, and one of
+her colleagues, in September, 1913, urged her to forgo her hard work at
+The Hospice, begging her to take things more easily.
+
+Her reply, in a moment of curious concentration and earnestness, was
+characteristic: "Give me one more year; I know there is a future there,
+and someone will be found to take it on." A year later, when it seemed
+inevitable that it must come to an end with her departure for Serbia,
+those interested in The Hospice passed through deep waters in saving it,
+but the unanswerable argument against closing its doors was always that
+big circle of patients, often pleading her name, flocking up its stair,
+certain of help.
+
+"Three things foreseen by Dr. Inglis have happened since her departure:
+
+
+     "1. The extension of the Midwives Act to Scotland, establishing
+     recognized training centres for midwifery nursing.
+
+     "2. The extension of Notification of Births Act, making State
+     co-operation in maternity service possible.
+
+     "3. The admission of women medical students to the University,
+     making an opportunity for midwifery training in Edinburgh of
+     immediate and paramount importance.
+
+
+"The relation of The Hospice to these three events is as follows:
+
+
+     "1. It is now fourth on the list of recognized training centres in
+     Scotland, following the three large maternity hospitals.
+
+     "2. It is incorporated in the Maternity and Child Welfare scheme of
+     Edinburgh, which assists in out-patient work, though not in the
+     provision of beds.
+
+     "3. It has full scope under the Ordinances of the Scottish
+     Universities to train women medical students in Clinical Midwifery
+     if it had a sufficient number of beds.
+
+
+"The Hospice has the distinction of being the only maternity training
+centre run by women in Scotland. From this point of view it is of great
+value to women students, affording them opportunities of study denied to
+them in other maternity hospitals.
+
+"To those of her friends who knew her Edinburgh life intimately, Elsie
+Inglis's love of The Hospice was the love of a mother for her child.
+She was never too tired or too busy to respond to any demand its
+patients made upon her time and energy, always ready to go anywhere in
+crowded close, or remote tenement, if it was to see a mother who had
+once been an in-patient there or a baby born within its walls. True, Dr.
+Inglis saw The Hospice with romantic eyes, with that vision of future
+perfection which is the seal of pure romance in motherhood. Because of
+this she cheerfully accepted those cramped and inconvenient flats,
+reached by the narrow common stair which vanishes past The Hospice door
+in a corkscrew flight to regions under the roof. Inconvenience and
+straitened quarters were as nothing, for was not her Nursing Home
+exactly where she wished it, with the ebb and flow of the High Street at
+its feet? Dr. Inglis always rejoiced greatly in the High Street, in the
+charm of the precincts of St. Giles, that ineffable Heart of Midlothian,
+serenely catholic, brooding upon the motley life that has surged for
+centuries about its doors. Here, where she loved to be, The Hospice is
+finding a new home, an adequate building, modern equipment, and endowed
+beds, and it will stand a living memorial, communicating to all who pass
+in and out of its doors, to women in need, to women strong to help, the
+inspiration of Dr. Elsie Inglis's ideal of service."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII
+
+THE SUFFRAGE CAMPAIGN
+
+
+The question of Woman's Suffrage had always interested Dr. Inglis, for
+the justice of the claim had from the first appealed to her. But it was
+not until after 1900 that the Women's Movement took possession of her.
+From that time onward, till the Scottish Women's Hospitals claimed her
+in the war, the cause of Woman's Suffrage demanded and was granted a
+place in her life beside that occupied by her profession. Indeed, the
+very practice of her profession added fuel to the flame that the longing
+for the Suffrage had kindled in her heart. A doctor sees much of the
+intimate life of her patients, and as Dr. Inglis went from patient to
+patient, conditions amongst both the poor and the rich--intolerable
+conditions--would raise haunting thoughts that followed her about in her
+work, and questions again and again start up to which only the Suffrage
+could give the answer. The Suffrage flame with her, as with many other
+women and men, was really one which religion tended; it was religious
+conviction which mastered her and made her eager and dauntless in the
+fight. She always worked from the constitutional point of view, and was
+an admirer and follower of Mrs. Fawcett throughout the campaign.
+
+
+     "As she threw herself into this new interest she found a gale of
+     fresh air blowing through her life. It was almost as if she had
+     awakened on a new morning. The sunshine flooded every nook and
+     corner of her dwelling, and even old things looked different in the
+     new light. Not the least of these impressions was due to the new
+     friendships; women whose life-work was farthest from her own, whose
+     point of view was diametrically opposite to hers, suddenly drew up
+     beside her in the march as comrades. She felt as if she had got a
+     wider outlook over the world, as if in her upward climb she had
+     reached a spur on the hillside, and a new view of the landscape
+     spread itself at her feet.
+
+     "As she had once said, fate had placed her in the van of a great
+     movement, but she herself clung to old forms and old ways--a new
+     thing she instinctively avoided. It took her long to adjust herself
+     to a new point of view. But here, in this absorbing interest, she
+     forgot everything but the object. Her eyes had suddenly been opened
+     to what it meant to be a citizen of Britain, and in the
+     overpowering sense of responsibility that came with the revelation
+     her timorous clinging to old ways had slackened.
+
+     "Not the least part of the interest of the new life was the feeling
+     of being at the centre of things. People whose names had been
+     household words since babyhood became living entities. She not only
+     saw the men and women who were moulding our generation: she met
+     them at tea, she talked intimately with them at dinners, and she
+     actually argued with them at Council meetings."
+
+
+Thus Elsie Inglis describes in her writings her heroine Hildeguard's
+entrance into "the great crusade." The description may be taken as true
+of her own feelings when caught by the ideal of the movement.
+
+The following words which she puts into the mouth of a Suffrage speaker
+are evidently her own reflections on the subject of the Suffrage:
+
+
+     "'I don't think for a moment that the millennium will come in with
+     the vote,' she smiled, after a little pause. 'But our faces, the
+     faces of the human race, have always been set towards the
+     millennium, haven't they? And this will be one great step towards
+     it. It is always difficult to make a move forward, for it implies
+     criticism of the past, and of the good men and true who have
+     brought the people up to that especial point. However gently the
+     change is made, that element must be there, for there is always a
+     sense of struggle in changing from the old to the new. I do not
+     think we are nearly careful enough to make it quite clear that we
+     do not hold that we women _alone_ could have done a bit
+     better--that we are proud of the great work our men have done. We
+     speak only of the mistakes, not of the great achievements; only I
+     do think the mistakes need not have been there if we had worked at
+     it together!'
+
+     "The salvation of the world was wrapped up in the gospel she
+     preached. Many of the audience were caught in the swirl as she
+     spoke. Love and amity, the common cause of healthier homes and
+     happier people and a stronger Empire, the righting of all wrongs,
+     and the strengthening of all right--all this was wrapped up in the
+     vote."
+
+
+In the early years of this century Suffrage societies were scattered all
+over Scotland, and it began to be felt that much of their work was lost
+from want of co-operation; it was therefore decided in 1906 that all the
+societies should form a federation, to be called the Scottish Federation
+of Women's Suffrage Societies.
+
+During the preliminary work Mrs. James T. Hunter acted as Hon.
+Secretary, but after the headquarters were established in Edinburgh Dr.
+Inglis was asked and consented to be Hon. Secretary, with Miss Lamont as
+Organizing Secretary. There is no doubt that after its formation the
+success of the Federation was largely due to Dr. Inglis's power of
+leadership.
+
+She cheered the faithful--if sometimes despondent--suffragists in widely
+scattered centres; she despised the difficulties of travel in the north,
+and over moor, mountain, and sea she went, till she had planted the
+Suffrage flag in far-off Shetland. In her many journeys all over
+Scotland, speaking for the Suffrage cause, Dr. Inglis herself penetrated
+to the islands of Orkney and Shetland. A very flourishing Society
+existed in the Orkneys.
+
+The following letter from Dr. Inglis to the Honorary Secretary there is
+characteristic, and will recall her vividly to those who knew her. The
+arrival for the meeting by the last train; the early start back next
+morning; the endeavour to see her friend's daughter, who she remembers
+is in Dollar; the light-heartedness over "disasters in the House"
+(evidently the setback to some Suffrage Bill in the House of
+Commons)--these are all like Elsie Inglis. So, too, are her praise of
+the Federation secretaries, her eager looking forward to the procession,
+and the request for the "beautiful banner"!
+
+
+                                                                 1913.
+     "DEAR MRS. CURSITER,
+
+     "Yes, I had remembered your daughter is at Dollar, and I shall
+     certainly look out for her at the meeting. Unfortunately, I never
+     have time to stay in a place, at one of these meetings, and see
+     people. It would often be so pleasant. This time I arrive in Dollar
+     at 6 p.m. and leave about 8 the next morning. I have to leave by
+     these early trains for my work.
+
+     "It was delightful getting your offer of an organizer's salary for
+     some work in Orkney. Our secretaries have been most extraordinarily
+     unconcerned over disasters in the House! Not one of you has
+     suggested depression, and most of you have promptly proposed new
+     work! That is the sort of spirit that wins.
+
+     "I shall let you know definitely about an organizer soon.
+
+     "At the Executive on Saturday it was decided to have a procession
+     in Edinburgh during the Assembly week. We shall want you and your
+     beautiful banner! You'll get full particulars soon.
+
+                                       "Yours very sincerely,
+                                                 "ELSIE MAUD INGLIS."
+
+
+One of the Federation organizers who worked under Dr. Inglis for years
+gives us some indication of her qualities as a leader:
+
+"Though it was not unknown that Dr. Inglis had an extraordinary
+influence over young people, it was amazing to find how many letters
+were received after her death from young women in various parts of the
+kingdom, who wrote to express what they owed to her sympathy and
+encouragement.
+
+"To be a leader one must be able not only to inspire confidence in the
+leader, but to give to those who follow confidence in themselves, and
+this, I think, was one of Dr. Inglis's most outstanding qualities. She
+would select one of her workers, and after unfolding her plans to her,
+would quietly say, 'Now, my dear, I want you to undertake that piece of
+work for me.' As often as not the novice's breath was completely taken
+away; she would demur, and remark that she was afraid she was not quite
+the right person to be entrusted with that special piece of work. Then
+the Chief would give her one of those winning smiles which none could
+resist, and tell her she was quite confident she would not fail. The
+desired result was usually attained, and the young worker gained more
+confidence in herself. If, on the other hand, the worker failed to
+complete her task satisfactorily, Dr. Inglis would discuss the matter
+with her. She might condemn, but never unjustly, and would then arrange
+another opportunity for the worker in a different department of the
+work.
+
+"From those with whom she worked daily she expected great things. She
+was herself an unceasing worker, well-nigh indefatigable. It was no easy
+matter to work under 'the Chief's' direction; the possibility of failure
+never entered into her calculations."
+
+One of the finest speakers in the Suffrage cause, who with her husband
+worked hard in the campaign, frequently stayed with Dr. Inglis. She
+writes thus of her:
+
+"With me it is always most difficult to speak about the things upon
+which I feel the most deeply. Elsie Inglis is a case in point. She was
+dearer to me than she ever knew and than I can make you believe. She is
+one of the most precious memories I possess, the mere thought of her
+and her tireless devotion to her fellows being the strongest inspiration
+to effort and achievement.
+
+"She was the Edinburgh hostess for most of the Woman Suffrage
+propagandists, and we all have the same story to tell. Doubtless you
+have already had it from others. Every comfort she denied herself she
+scrupulously provided for her guests, whom she treated as though they
+were more tired than herself. Usually she was at her medical work till
+within a few minutes of the evening meal, would rush home and eat it
+with us, take us to the meeting afterwards, frequently take a part in
+it, and bring her guests home to the rest she was not always permitted
+to take herself. And through it all there was no variation in her
+wonderful manner--all brightness, affection, and warm energy.
+
+"The last time I saw her was in the Waverley station. She was returning
+shortly to her work abroad, while I was on my way to address a public
+meeting in Dundee on the need for attempting to negotiate peace. It was
+the time when everybody who dared to breathe the word 'peace,' much more
+those who tried to stop the slaughter of men, were denounced as traitors
+and pro-Germans. It was the time when one's nearest and dearest failed
+to understand. But _she_ understood. And she broke into a busy morning's
+work to come down to the train to shake my hand. What we said was very
+little; but the look and the hand-clasp were sufficient. We knew
+ourselves to be serving the same God of Love and Mercy, and that
+knowledge made the bonds between us indissoluble. I never saw nor had
+word with her again.
+
+"It is easy to say, what is true, that the world's women owe to Dr.
+Elsie Inglis a debt of gratitude they can never repay. But I am
+convinced in my own soul that the reward she would have chosen, if
+compelled to make the choice, would have been that all who feel that her
+work was of worth should join hands in an effort to rid the world of
+those evils which make men and women hate and kill one another."
+
+Dr. Inglis did not see with the pacifists of the last five years. But in
+this tribute to her is shown her open-mindedness and tolerance of
+another's views, even on this cleaving difference of opinion.
+
+A woman of great distinction--and not only in the Suffrage
+movement--says:
+
+"When I was working for the Suffrage movement in the years before the
+war, one of the most impressive personalities that I came into touch
+with was that of Dr. Elsie Inglis. She was then the leading spirit in
+our movement in Edinburgh, and when I went to speak there, or in the
+neighbourhood, she always used to put me up. I have never met anyone who
+seemed to me more absolutely single-minded and single-hearted in her
+devotion to a cause which appealed to her. She was eminently a feminist,
+and to her feminism she subordinated everything else. No consideration
+for her health, for her position, for her practice, ever stood in the
+way of any call that came to her. She was untiring, and that at a time
+when our cause was not popular everywhere, and when her position as a
+medical woman might easily have been affected by its unpopularity.
+
+"I remember one night especially, when we were going out in a motor-car
+to some rather remote place, in very stormy weather. It howled and
+rained and was pitch dark. Suddenly we ran, or nearly ran, into a great
+tree which had been blown down across the road. It had brought with it a
+mass of telegraph wire, and altogether afforded an apparently complete
+'barrage.' We were still some six or seven miles from our destination,
+and were wearing evening frocks and thin shoes. We got out and wrestled
+with the obstacle, and when at one time it seemed quite hopeless to get
+the car through, and I suggested that she and I would have to walk, I
+shall never forget the look of approval that she turned on me. As a
+matter of fact, I doubt very much whether I really _could_ have walked.
+I am a little lame, and the circumstances made it almost an
+impossibility. But the determination of Dr. Inglis that somehow we
+_should_ get to our meeting infected me, and, like many others who have
+followed her since, I felt able to achieve the impossible.
+
+"It is true that Dr. Inglis seemed to me--since, after all, she was
+human--to have the faults of her qualities. No consideration of herself
+prevented her complete devotion to her work. I sometimes felt that there
+was an element of relentlessness in this devotion, which would have
+allowed her to sacrifice not only other people, but even perhaps
+considerations which it is not easy to believe ought to be sacrificed.
+It is extraordinarily difficult to judge how far any end may justify any
+given means. It is, of course, a shallow judgment which dismisses this
+dilemma as one easily solved. Rather, I have always felt it exceedingly
+difficult, at any rate to an intellect that is subtle as well as
+powerful. I am reminded, in thinking of Dr. Inglis, of the controversy
+between Kingsley and Newman, from which it appears that Charles Kingsley
+thought it a very easy matter to tell the truth, and Newman found it a
+very difficult one. One's judgment of the two will, of course, vary, but
+I personally have always felt that Newman understood the truth more
+perfectly than Kingsley; understood, for instance, that it takes two
+people to tell it (one to speak and one to hear aright), and that this
+was why he realized its difficulty. So with Dr. Inglis; I do not suppose
+she ever hesitated when once convinced of the goodness of her cause, but
+I confess that I have sometimes wished that she could have hesitated.
+
+"It is a graceless task to suggest spots in so excellent a sun, and we
+feminists who worked with her and loved her can never be glad enough or
+proud enough that the world now knows the greatness of her quality."
+
+Again, an organizer who worked constantly with Dr. Inglis before the
+war, and who later raised large sums for the Scottish Women's Hospitals
+in India and Australia, writes:
+
+"You have asked me for some personal memories of my dear Dr. Elsie
+Inglis, for some of those little incidents that often reveal a character
+more vividly than much description and explanation. And to me, at least,
+it is in some of those little memories that the Dr. Inglis I loved lives
+most vividly. What I mean is that her splendid public work, in medicine,
+in Suffrage, in that magnificent triumph of the Scottish Women's
+Hospitals--they were _her_ hospitals--is there for all the world to see
+and honour. But the things behind all that, the character that
+conquered, the spirit that aspired, the incredible courage, optimism,
+indomitability of that individuality, the very self from which the work
+sprang--all that, it seems to me, had to be gathered in and understood
+from the tiny incident, the word, the glance.
+
+"There stands out in my mind my first meeting with Dr. Inglis. The scene
+was dismal and depressing enough. It was an empty shop in an Edinburgh
+Street turned into a Suffrage committee-room during an election. Outside
+the rain drizzled; inside the meagre fire smoked; there was a general
+air of lifelessness over everything. I wondered, ignorant and
+uninitiated in organizing and election work, when something definite
+would happen. Giving away sodden handbills in the street did not seem a
+very vigorous or practical piece of work.
+
+"Suddenly the doors swung open and Dr. Inglis came into that dull place,
+and with her there came the very feeling of movement, vitality, action.
+She had come to arrange speakers for the various schoolroom election
+meetings to be held that night. The list of meeting-places was arranged;
+then came the choice and disposal of the speakers. Without hesitation,
+Dr. Inglis grouped them; with just one look round at those present, and
+another, well into her own mind, at those not present who could be
+press-ganged! At last she turned to me and said, 'And you will speak
+with Miss X. at ----' I was horrified. 'But I must explain,' I said; 'I
+am quite "new." I don't speak at all. I have never spoken.' I can
+imagine a hundred people answering my very decided utterance in a
+hundred different ways. But I cannot imagine anyone but Dr. Inglis
+answering as she answered. There was just the jolliest, cheeriest laugh
+and, 'Oh, but you _must_ speak.' That was all. And the remarkable thing
+was that, though I had sworn to myself that I would never utter a word
+in public without proper training, I did speak that night. It never
+occurred to me to refuse. Confidence begat confidence. It was during
+this time of work with Dr. Inglis that I began really to understand and
+appreciate that wonderful character.
+
+"Another incident runs into my memory, of desperate, agonizing days in
+Glasgow, when Suffrage was unpopular and the funds in our exchequer were
+very low. How well I remember writing to Dr. Inglis at the ridiculous
+hour of two in the morning, that we must get some money, and that I
+should get certain introductions and do a lecturing tour in New York
+and try to make Suffrage 'fashionable.' The answer came by return of
+post, and was deliciously typical. 'My dear, your idea is so absolutely
+mad that it must be thoroughly sane. Come and talk it over.'
+
+"It was a happiness to work with Dr. Inglis, for her confidence, once
+given, was complete. There were no petty inquiries or pedantic
+regulations. 'Do it your own way,' was the one comment on a plan of
+organization once it was settled.
+
+"Dr. Inglis was one to whom the words 'can't' and 'impossible' really
+and literally had no meaning; and those who worked with her had to
+'unlearn' them, and they did. It did, indeed, seem 'impossible' to leave
+for India at ten days' notice to carry on negotiations for the Scottish
+Women's Hospitals and raise an Indian fund, especially when one had been
+in no way officially or intimately connected with the Hospitals' work.
+And to be told on the telephone, too, that one 'must' go. That was
+adorably Dr. Inglis-ish. I laughed with glee at the very ridiculous,
+fantastic impossibility of the whole thing--and promptly went! And how I
+looked forward to seeing Dr. Inglis on my return! When she saw me off at
+Waterloo in 1916, and, still fearfully ignorant of what awaited one, I
+wailed at the eleventh hour (literally, for we were in the railway
+carriage), 'But where am I to stay and where am I to go?' 'Don't worry,'
+said Dr. Inglis, with that sublime faith and optimism of hers; 'they'll
+put you up and pass you on. Good-bye, my dear. _It will be all right_.'
+And so it was. But one has missed the telling of it all to her; the hard
+things and the good things and the dreadfully funny things. For she
+would have appreciated every bit of it, and entered into every detail."
+
+
+During the years of that great campaign, Dr. Inglis spoke, pleading the
+cause of Suffrage, at hundreds of meetings all over the United Kingdom.
+At one large meeting she had occasion to deal with the problem of the
+"outcast woman." She referred to the statement once made that no woman
+would be safe unless this class existed.
+
+Then she said: "If this were true, the price of safety is too high. I,
+for one, would choose to go down with the minority."
+
+It is difficult to declare which was the more impressive, the
+silence--one that could be felt--which followed the words, or the burst
+of applause which came a moment later. But to one onlooker, from the
+platform, the predominant feeling was wonder at the amazing power of the
+woman. Without raising her voice, or putting into it any emotion beyond
+the involuntary momentary break at the beginning of the sentence, she
+had, by the transparent sincerity of her feeling, conveyed such an
+impression to that large audience as few there would forget. The subtle
+response drawn from those hundreds of women to the woman herself, to the
+personality of the speaker, was for the moment even more real than the
+outward response given to the idea. More than one woman there that day
+could have said in the words of the British Tommy, who had heard for the
+first time the story of Serbia, "It would not be difficult to follow
+her!"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX
+
+THE SCOTTISH WOMEN'S HOSPITALS
+
+
+     "_From the first the personality of Dr. Inglis was the main asset
+     in this splendid venture. She continued to be its inspiration to
+     the end._"
+
+
+August, 1914, found many a man and woman unconsciously prepared and
+ready for the testing time ahead. Elsie Inglis was one of these.
+
+It is interesting to note that Dr. Inglis completed her fiftieth year in
+the August that war broke out. She started on her great work of the next
+years with all the vigour and freshness of youth.
+
+In her own words, already quoted, we can describe her at the beginning
+of the war:
+
+"Her ship was flying over a sunlit sea, the good wind bulging out the
+canvas. She felt the thrill and excitement of adventure in her veins as
+she stood at the helm and gazed across the dancing waters.... Joy had
+done its work, and sorrow and responsibility had come with its
+stimulating spur, and the ardent delight of battle in a great
+crusade....
+
+"New powers she had discovered in herself, new responsibilities in the
+life around her.... She was ready for her 'adventure brave and new.'
+Rabbi Ben Ezra waited for death to open the gate to it, but to her it
+seemed that she was in the midst of it now, that 'adventure brave and
+new' _in which death itself was also to be an adventure_.... 'The Power
+of an Endless Life.' The words thrilled her, not with the prospects of
+rest, but with the excitement of advance...."
+
+War was declared on August 4. On the 10th the idea of the Scottish
+Women's Hospitals--hospitals staffed entirely by women--had been mooted
+at the committee meeting of the Scottish Federation of Women's Suffrage
+Societies. Once the idea was given expression to, nothing was able to
+stop its growth. A special Scottish Women's Hospital committee was
+formed out of members of the Federation and Dr. Inglis's personal
+friends. Meetings were organized all over the country; an appeal for
+funds was sent broadcast over Scotland; money began to flow in; the
+scheme was taken up by the whole body of the N.U.W.S.S.[12] Mrs. Fawcett
+wrote approvingly. The Scottish Women's Hospitals Committee at their
+headquarters in Edinburgh divided up into subcommittees: equipment,
+uniforms, cars, personnel, and so on. Offers for service came in every
+day, until soon over 400 names were waiting the choice of the personnel
+committee. The headquarters offices in 2, St. Andrew Square became a
+busy hive. Enthusiasm was written on the face of every worker. By the
+end of November the first fully equipped Unit, under Miss Ivens of
+Liverpool was on its way to the old Abbey of Royaumont in France. Dr.
+Alice Hutchison with ten nurses was in Calais working under the Belgian
+surgeon, Dr. de Page. A second Unit as well equipped as the first was
+almost ready to start for Serbia. It sailed in the beginning of January,
+under Dr. Eleanor Soltau, Dr. Inglis herself following in the April of
+1915.
+
+But even with all this dispatch, the S.W.H. were not the first Women's
+Hospital in the field. As early as September, 1914, Dr. Flora Murray and
+Dr. Louisa Garrett Anderson had taken a Unit, staffed entirely by women,
+to Paris, where they did excellent work.
+
+Until Dr. Inglis's departure for Serbia, her whole time and strength and
+boundless energy had been thrown into the building up of the
+organization of the Scottish Women's Hospitals. She addressed countless
+meetings all over the Kingdom, making the scheme known and appealing for
+money, and at the same time her insight and enthusiasm never ceased to
+be the mainspring of the activity at the office in Edinburgh, where the
+heart of the Scottish Women's Hospitals was to be found. Miss Mair
+describes Dr. Inglis during these months thus:
+
+"A certain stir of feeling might be perceptible in the busy hive at the
+office of organization when a specially energetic visit of the Chief had
+been paid. Had the impossible been accomplished? If not, why? Who had
+failed in performance? Take the task from her; give it to another. No
+excuses in war-time, no weakness to be tolerated--onward, ever onward.
+
+"To those inclined to hesitate, or at least to draw breath occasionally
+in the course of their heavy work of organizing, raising money,
+gathering equipment, securing transport, passports, and attending to the
+other innumerable secretarial affairs connected with so big a task, she
+showed no weakening pity; the one invariable goad applied was ever, 'it
+is war-time.' No one must pause, no one must waver; things must simply
+be done, whether possible or not, and somehow by her inspiration they
+generally were done. In these days of agonizing stress she appeared as
+in herself the very embodiment of wireless telegraphy, aeronautic
+locomotion, with telepathy and divination thrown in--neither time nor
+space was of account. Puck alone could quite have reached her standard
+with his engirdling of the earth in forty minutes. Poor limited mortals
+could but do their best with the terrestrial means at their disposal.
+Possibly at times their make-weight steadied the brilliant work of their
+leader."
+
+In a letter to Mrs. Fawcett dated October 4, 1914, she says:
+
+
+     "I can think of nothing except those Units just now; and when one
+     hears of the awful need, one can hardly sit still till they are
+     ready."
+
+
+[Illustration: ELSIE INGLIS
+
+FROM A BUST BY THE SERBIAN SCULPTOR IVAN MÉSTROVIC]
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[12] National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X
+
+SERBIA
+
+
+Serbia in January, 1915, was in a pitiable condition. Three wars
+following in quick succession had devastated the land. The Austrians,
+after their defeat at the Battle of the Ridges in October, 1914, had
+retreated out of the country, leaving behind them filthy hospitals
+crowded with wounded, Austrian and Serb alike. The whole land has been
+spoken of as one vast hospital. From this condition of things sprang the
+scourge of typhus which started in January, 1915, and swept the land.
+Dr. Soltau and her Unit, arriving in the early part of January, were
+able to take their place in the battle against this scourge. Their work
+lay in Kraguevatz, in the north of Serbia, where Dr. Soltau soon had
+three hospitals under her command.
+
+In April Dr. Soltau contracted diphtheria. Dr. Inglis was wired for, and
+left for Serbia in the end of April, 1915. She went gaily. There seems
+no other word to describe her attitude of mind--she was so glad to go.
+The sufferings of the wounded and dying touched her keenly. It was not
+want of sympathy with all the awful misery on every hand that made her
+go with such joy of heart, but rather she was glad from the sense that
+at last she, personally, would be "where the need was greatest." This
+had always been her objective.
+
+
+                                              THE ÆGEAN SEA,
+                                                     "_May 2nd, 1915._
+     "DEAREST EVA,
+     "We have had a perfectly glorious voyage from Brindisi to Athens,
+     all yesterday between the coast and the Greek Islands, and then in
+     the Gulf of Corinth. I never remember such a day--all day the
+     sunshine and the beautiful hills, with the clouds capping them, or
+     lying on their slopes, and the blue sky above, and blue sea all
+     round. Then came the most glorious sunset, and when we came up from
+     dinner the sky blazing with stars. We put our chairs back to the
+     last notches, and lay looking at them, till a great yellow moon
+     came up and flooded the place with light and put the stars out. It
+     was glorious....
+
+                                             "Your loving sister,
+                                                       "ELSIE INGLIS."
+
+
+She landed in Serbia when the epidemic of fever had been almost
+overcome, and with the long, peaceful summer ahead of her. It is a joy
+to think of Dr. Inglis all that summer. Her letters are full of buoyancy
+of spirit. She was keen about everything. She had left behind her a
+magnificent organization, enthusiastic women in every department, the
+money flowing in, and the scheme meeting with more and more approval
+throughout the country. In Serbia she was to find her power of
+organizing given full scope. She had splendid material in the personnel
+of the Scottish Women's Hospitals Units under her command. She made many
+friends--Sir Ralph Paget, Colonel Hunter, Dr. Curcin, Colonel Gentitch,
+and many others. She was in close touch with, was herself part of, big
+schemes, a fact which was exhilarating to her. Everything combined to
+make her happy.
+
+The scheme that eventually took shape was Colonel Hunter's. His idea was
+to have three "blocking hospitals" in the north of Serbia, which, when
+the planned autumn offensive of the Serbs took place, would keep all
+infectious diseases from spreading throughout the country. Innumerable
+journeys up and down Serbia were taken by Dr. Inglis before the three
+Scottish Women's Hospitals which were to form this blocking line had
+been settled, and were working at Valjevo, Lazaravatz, and Mladanovatz.
+Dr. Alice Hutchison and her Unit, with "the finest canvas hospital ever
+sent to the Balkans," arrived in Serbia shortly after Dr. Inglis. Dr.
+Hutchison was sent to Valjevo; Lazaravatz and Mladanovatz were
+respectively under Dr. Hollway and Dr. McGregor. Dr. Inglis herself took
+over charge of the fever hospitals in Kraguevatz, working them as one,
+so that soon there were four efficient Scottish Women's Hospitals in
+Serbia. The Serbian Government gave Dr. Inglis a free pass over all the
+railways. She calls herself "extraordinarily lucky" in getting this
+pass, and writes how greatly she enjoys these journeys, how much of the
+country she sees during them, and of the interesting people she meets.
+For the first time in her life she had work to do that needed almost the
+full stretch of her powers. And deep at the heart of her joy at this
+time lay her growing love of the Serbs. Something in them appealed to
+her, something in their heroic weakness satisfied the yearning of her
+strength to help and protect. She writes glowingly of their soldiers
+streaming past the Scottish Women's Hospitals at Mladanovatz, massing on
+the Danube, "their heads held high." Every letter is full of enthusiasm
+of the country and the people. "God bless her," writes a friend; "it was
+the last really joyous time she knew."
+
+Later on the Serbs erected a fountain at Mladanovatz in memory of the
+work done by the Scottish Women's Hospitals in Serbia, and in particular
+by Dr. Inglis. The opening ceremony took place in the beginning of
+September. Many people, English and Serbs, were present, and a long
+letter by Dr. Inglis describes the dedication service.
+
+
+     "A table covered with a white cloth stood in front of the fountain,
+     and on it a silver crucifix, a bowl of water, a long brown candle
+     lighted and stuck in a tumbler full of sand, and two bunches of
+     basil, one fresh and one dried."
+
+
+At the end of the service the priest gave the bunches of basil to Dr.
+Inglis. "These are some of the few things," she writes, "which I shall
+certainly keep always."
+
+The Serbian officer who designed the fountain has contributed to this
+_Life_ the following account of his impressions of Dr. Inglis:
+
+"Already five sad and painful years have gone by since the time that I
+had the chance and honour of knowing Dr. Elsie Inglis. It is already
+five years since we erected to her--still in the plenitude of life--a
+monument. What a prediction! Whence came the inspiration of the great
+soul who was founder of this monument?
+
+"Oh, great and noble soul, there is yet another monument created in the
+hearts of the soldiers and Serbian people! And if the pitiless wheel of
+time crushes the first, the second will survive all that is visible and
+material.
+
+"One did not need to be long with Dr. Elsie Inglis to see all the
+grandeur of her soul, her long vision, and her attachment to the Serbs.
+I was not among those who chanced to pass some months in her company,
+but even in a few days I soon learnt to recognize her divine nature, and
+to see her relief in all colours.
+
+"After the second big offensive of Germano-Austrian forces against
+Serbia in the autumn of 1914, Dr. Elsie Inglis took a great part in
+working against the various epidemics spread by the invasion in Western
+Serbia. The significance and tenacity of this time of epidemic was such
+that only those who witnessed it can understand the great usefulness,
+devotion, and attachment of its co-workers. A great number of Dr.
+Inglis's personnel were occupied in coping with it, and with what
+results!
+
+"The Serbian counter-offensive terminated, provisional peace reigned in
+Serbia. Six months went by before the last soldier of the enemy left our
+sacred soil; the second enemy--the great epidemic--has also been
+arrested and vanquished. The terrors that these two allies brought in
+their train gradually disappeared, and the sun shone once again for the
+Little Armed People. Men breathed again, and tired bodies slept. One had
+the time to think of the great soldiers of the front, as well as those
+who worked behind the lines. And, indeed, in those great days we knew
+not who were the more courageous, the more daring, the greater heroes.
+
+"General Headquarters decided to give a tangible recognition to all
+those who had taken part in this epoch. Among the first thus
+distinguished were Dr. Elsie Inglis and her hospitals.
+
+"On the proposal of the Director of Sanitation, it was decided to erect
+a monumental fountain to the memory of Dr. Elsie Inglis and her Scottish
+Women's Hospitals. This was to be at Mladanovatz, quite close to one of
+these hospitals, at a few yards' distance from the main railway-line
+running from Belgrade to Nish, in sight of all the travellers who passed
+through Serbia.
+
+"It was erected, and bears the inscription:
+
+
+     "IN MEMORY OF THE SCOTTISH WOMEN'S HOSPITALS AND THEIR FOUNDER, DR.
+     ELSIE INGLIS."
+
+
+"The object of my letter is not to make known what I have told you; what
+follows is more important.
+
+"Dr. Inglis was present in person at the unveiling and benediction of
+the fountain. The idea was to give her a proof of the people's gratitude
+by erecting an original monument which, in recalling those strenuous
+days, would combine a value practical and real, solving the question of
+a pure drinking-water, and cutting off the danger of an epidemic at the
+root; and also, the impression that she had after visiting a number of
+fountains in the environs of Mladanovatz and its villages left her no
+rest (as she said later), and produced in her an idea, long thought
+over, and eventually expressed in the following conversation:
+
+"'Look here, Captain P----, I have a scheme which absorbs me more and
+more, and becomes in me a fixed idea. You suffer in Serbia, and are
+often subject to epidemics, through nothing else but bad water. I have
+been thinking it over, and would like to ameliorate as much as possible
+this deplorable state of affairs. I have the intention of addressing an
+appeal to the people of Great Britain, and asking them to inaugurate a
+fund which would create the opportunity of constructing in each Serbian
+village a fountain of good drinking-water. And then, I should return to
+Serbia, and with you--I hope that you are willing, since you have
+already built so many of these fountains round about--should go from
+village to village erecting these fountains. It will be, after the war,
+my unique and greatest desire to do this for the Serbs.'
+
+"Oh, great friend of Serbia! Thy clear-sighted spirit was to have but a
+glimpse of one of the most essential necessities of the Serbian people.
+Thy frail and fragile body has not permitted thee to enjoy the pleasure
+to which thou hast devoted so much love. For the well-being of this dear
+people thou hast given thyself entirely, even thy noble life. What a
+misfortune indeed for us!
+
+"May Heaven send thee eternal peace, so much merited, and so much
+desired by all those who knew thee, and above all and especially by all
+those Serbian hearts who have found in thee a great human friend."
+
+Dr. Inglis wrote every week to the committee. In the letters written
+towards the end of September we are aware of the anxiety about the
+future which is beginning to make itself felt.
+
+
+     "Last week Austrian aeroplanes were 'announced,' and the
+     authorities evidently believed the report; for the Arsenal was
+     emptied of workmen--and they don't stop work willingly just now.
+     So--as a Serbian officer said to me yesterday--'Serbia is exactly
+     where she was a year ago.' It does seem hard lines on our little
+     Ally....
+
+     "Well, as to how this affects us. Sir Ralph was talking about the
+     various possibilities. _As long as the Serbians fight we'll stick
+     to them--retreat if necessary, burning all our stores._ If they are
+     overwhelmed we must escape, probably via Montenegro. Don't worry
+     about us. We won't do anything rash or foolish; and if you will
+     trust us to decide, as we must know most about the situation out
+     here, we'll act rationally."
+
+
+At last, in November, 1915, the storm broke. Serbia was overrun by
+Germans, Austrians, and Bulgarians. All her big Allies failed her, "so
+when her bitter hour of trial came, Serbia stood alone."
+
+The Scottish Women's Hospitals at Mladanovatz, Lazaravatz, and Valjevo
+had to be evacuated in an incredibly short time. The women from
+Mladanovatz and Lazaravatz came down to Kraguevatz, where Dr. Inglis
+was. After a few days they had again to move further south to
+Krushevatz. From here they broke into two parties, some joining the
+great retreat and coming home through Albania. The rest stayed behind
+with Dr. Inglis and Dr. Hollway to nurse the Serbian wounded and
+prisoners in Krushevatz.
+
+
+     "If the committee could have seen Colonel Gentitch's face when I
+     said to him that we were not going to move again, but that they
+     could count on us just where we stood, I think they would have been
+     touched."
+
+
+writes Dr. Inglis.
+
+At Krushevatz both Units, Dr. Inglis's and Dr. Hollway's, worked
+together at the Czar Lazar Hospital under the Serbian Director, Major
+Nicolitch. It was here they were taken prisoners by the Germans in
+November.
+
+
+     "These months at Krushevatz were a strange mixture of sorrow and
+     happiness. Was the country really so very beautiful, or was it the
+     contrast to all the misery that made it evident? There was a
+     curious exhilaration in working for those grateful, patient men,
+     and in helping the Director, so loyal to his country and so
+     conscientious in his work, to bring order out of chaos; and yet the
+     unhappiness in the Serbian houses, and the physical wretchedness of
+     those cold, hungry prisoners, lay always like a dead weight on our
+     spirits. Never shall we forget the beauty of the sunrises or the
+     glory of the sunsets, with clear, cold, sunlit days between, and
+     the wonderful starlit nights. But we shall never forget 'the
+     Zoo,'[13] either, or the groans outside when we hid our heads in
+     the blankets to shut out the sound. Nor shall we ever forget the
+     cheeriness or trustfulness of all that hospital, and especially of
+     the officers' ward. We got no news, and we made it a point of
+     honour not to believe a word of the German telegrams posted up in
+     the town. So we lived on rumour--and what rumour! The English at
+     Skoplje, the Italians at Poshega, and the Russians over the
+     Carpathians--we could not believe that Serbia had been sacrificed
+     for nothing. We were convinced it was some deep-laid scheme for
+     weakening the other fronts, and so it was quite natural to hear
+     that the British had taken Belgium and the French were in Metz!"
+
+
+During this time in Krushevatz Dr. Inglis and the women in her Unit
+lived and slept in one room. One night an excited message was brought to
+the door that enemy aircraft was expected soon; everyone was taking
+refuge in places that were considered safe; would they not come too? For
+a moment there was a feeling of panic in the room; then Dr. Inglis said,
+without raising her head from her pillow: "Everyone will do as they
+like, of course; _I_ shall not go anywhere. I am very tired, and bed is
+a comfortable place to die in." The suspicion of panic subsided; every
+woman lay down and slept quietly till morning.
+
+The Hon. Mrs. Haverfield was one of the "Scottish women" who stayed
+behind at Krushevatz. She gives us some memories of Dr. Inglis.
+
+"I think the most abiding recollection I have of our dear Doctor is the
+expression in her face in the middle of a heavy bombardment by German
+guns of our hospital at Krushevatz during the autumn of 1915. I was
+coming across some swampy ground which separated our building from the
+large barracks called after the good and gentle Czar Lazar of
+Kosovofanee, when a shell flew over our heads, and burst close by with a
+deafening roar. The Doctor was coming from the opposite direction; we
+stood a moment to comment upon the perilous position we were all in. She
+looked up into my face, and with that smile that nobody who ever knew
+her could forget, and such a quizzical expression in her blue eyes,
+said: 'Eve, we are having some experiences now, aren't we?' She and I
+had often compared notes, and said how we would like to be in the thick
+of everything--at last we were. I have never seen anyone with greater
+courage, or anyone who was more unmoved under all circumstances.
+
+"Under our little Doctor bricks had to be made, whether there was straw
+or not!
+
+"In this same hospital at Krushevatz she had ordered me to get up
+bathing arrangements for the sick and wounded. There was not a corner in
+which to make a bath-room, or a can, and only a broken pump 150 yards
+away across mud and swamp. There was no wood to heat the water, and
+nothing to heat it in even if we had the wood. I admit I could not
+achieve the desired arrangement. Elsie took the matter in hand herself,
+finding I was no use, and in one day had a regular supply of hot water,
+and baths for the big Magazine, where lay our sick, screened off with
+sheets, and regular baths were the order of the day from that time
+forth.
+
+"One never ceased to admire the tireless energy, the resourcefulness,
+and the complete unselfishness of that little woman who spent herself
+until the last moment, always in the service of others."
+
+
+     "At last, on the 9th of February, our hospital was emptied.[14] The
+     chronic invalids had been 'put on commission' and sent to their
+     homes. The vast majority of the men had been removed to Hungary,
+     and the few remaining, badly wounded men who would not be fit for
+     months, taken over to the Austrian hospitals.
+
+     "On the 11th we were sent north under an Austrian guard with fixed
+     bayonets. Great care was taken that we should not communicate with
+     anyone _en route_. At Belgrade, however, we were put into a
+     waiting-room for the night, and after we had crept into our
+     sleeping-bags we were suddenly roused to speak to a Serbian woman.
+     The kindly Austrian officer in charge of us said she was the wife
+     of a Serbian officer in Krushevatz, and that if we would use only
+     German we might speak to her. She wanted news of her husband. We
+     were able to reassure her. He was getting better--he was in the
+     Gymnasium. 'Vrylo dobra' ('Very well'), she said, holding both our
+     hands. 'Vrylo, vrylo dobra,' we said, looking apprehensively at the
+     officer. But he only laughed. Probably his Serbian, too, was equal
+     to that. That was the last Serbian we spoke to in Serbia, and we
+     left her a little happier. And thus we came to Vienna, where the
+     American Embassy took us over.... When we reached Zurich and found
+     everything much the same as when we disappeared into the silence,
+     our hearts were sick for the people we had left behind us, still
+     waiting and trusting."
+
+
+Referring to this year of work done for Serbia, Mr. Seton-Watson wrote
+of Dr. Inglis:
+
+"History will record the name of Elsie Inglis, like that of Lady Paget,
+as pre-eminent among that band of women who have redeemed for all time
+the honour of Britain in the Balkans."
+
+We close this chapter on her work in Serbia with tributes to her memory
+from two of her Serbian friends, Miss Christitch, a well-known
+journalist, and Lieutenant-Colonel D. C. Popovitch, Professor at the
+Military Academy in Belgrade.
+
+"Through Dr. Inglis Serbia has come to know Scotland, for I must confess
+that formerly it was not recognized by our people as a distinctive part
+of the British Isles. Her name, as that of the Serbian mother from
+Scotland (Srpska majka iz 'Skotske'), has become legendary throughout
+the land, and it is not excluded that at a future date popular opinion
+will claim her as of Serbian descent, although born on foreign soil.
+
+"What appealed to all those with whom Elsie Inglis came in contact in
+Serbia was her extraordinary sympathy and understanding for the people
+whose language she could not speak and whose ways and customs must
+certainly have seemed strange to her. Yet there is no record of
+misunderstanding between any Serb and Dr. Inglis. Everyone loved her,
+from the tired peasant women who tramped miles to ask the 'Scottish
+Doctoress' for advice about their babies to the wounded soldiers whose
+pain she had alleviated.
+
+"Here I must mention that Dr. Inglis won universal respect in the
+Serbian medical profession for her skill as a surgeon. During a great
+number of years past we have had women physicians, and very capable they
+are too; but, for some reason or other, Serbian women had never
+specialized in surgery. Hence it was not without scepticism that the
+male members of the profession received the news that the organizer of
+the Scottish hospitals was a skilled surgeon. Until Dr. Inglis actually
+reached Serbia and had performed successfully in their presence, they
+refused to believe this 'amiable fable,' but from the moment that they
+had seen her work they altered their opinion, and, to the great joy of
+our Serbian women, they no longer proclaimed the fact that surgery was
+not a woman's sphere. This is but one of the services Dr. Inglis has
+rendered our woman movement in Serbia. To-day we have several active
+societies working for the enfranchisement of women, and there is no
+doubt that the record of the Scottish Women's Hospital, organized and
+equipped by a Suffrage society and entirely run by women, is helping us
+greatly towards the realization of our goal. It was a cause of delight
+to our women and of no small surprise to our men that the Scottish Units
+that came out never had male administrators.
+
+"It is very difficult to say all one would wish about Dr. Inglis's
+beneficial influence in Serbia in the few lines which I am asked to
+write. But before I conclude I may be allowed to give my own impression
+of that remarkable woman. What struck me most in her was her grip of
+facts in Serbia. I had a long conversation with her at Valjevo in the
+summer of 1915, before the disaster of the triple enemy onslaught, and
+while we still believed that the land was safe from a fresh invasion.
+She spoke of her hopes and plans for the future of Serbia. 'When the war
+is over,' she said, 'I want to do something lasting for your country. I
+want to help the women and children; so little has been done for them,
+and they need so much. I should like to see Serbian qualified nurses and
+up-to-date women's and children's hospitals. When you will have won your
+victories you will require all this in order to have a really great and
+prosperous Serbia.' She certainly meant to return and help us in our
+reconstruction.
+
+"I saw Dr. Inglis once again several weeks later, at Krushevatz, where
+she had remained with her Unit to care for the Serbian wounded,
+notwithstanding the invitation issued her by Army Headquarters to
+abandon her hospital and return to England. But Dr. Inglis never knew a
+higher authority than her own conscience. The fact that she remained to
+face the enemy, although she had no duty to this, her adopted country,
+was both an inspiration and a consolation to those numerous families who
+could not leave, and to those of us who, being Serbian, had a duty to
+remain.
+
+"She left in the spring of 1916, and we never heard of her again in
+Serbia until the year 1917, when we, in occupied territory, learnt from
+a German paper that she had died in harness working for the people of
+her adoption. There was a short and appreciative obituary telling of her
+movements since she had left us.
+
+"For Serbian women she will remain a model of devotion and
+self-sacrifice for all time, and we feel that the highest tribute we can
+pay her is to endeavour, however humbly, to follow in the footsteps of
+this unassuming, valiant woman."
+
+
+"MY RECOLLECTIONS OF DR. ELSIE INGLIS.
+
+"I made her acquaintance towards the close of October, 1915, when, as a
+heavily wounded patient in the Military Hospital of Krushevatz, I became
+a prisoner, first of the Germans and then of the Austrians.
+
+"The Scottish Women's Hospital Mission, with Dr. Inglis as Head and Mrs.
+Haverfield as Administrator, had voluntarily become prisoners of the
+Austrians and Germans, rather than abandon the Serbian sick and wounded
+they had hitherto cared for. The Mission undertook a most difficult
+task--that is, the healing of and ministration to the typhus patients,
+which had already cost the lives of many doctors. But the Scottish
+women, whose spirit was typified in their leader, Miss Inglis, did not
+restrict themselves to this department, hastening to assist whenever
+they could in other departments. In particular, Dr. Elsie Inglis gave
+help in the surgical ward, and undertook single-handed the charge of a
+great number of wounded, among whom I was included, and to her devoted
+sisterly care I am a grateful debtor for my life. She visited me hourly,
+and not only performed a doctor's duties, but those of a simple nurse,
+without the slightest reluctance.
+
+"The conditions of Serbian hospitals under the Austrians rendered
+provisioning one of the most difficult tasks. At the withdrawal of the
+Serbian Army only the barest necessaries were left behind, and the
+Austrians gave hardly anything beyond bread, and at times a little meat.
+The typhus patients were thus dependent almost entirely on the aliments
+which the Scottish Mission could furnish out of their own means. It was
+edifying to see how they solved the problem. Every day, their Chief, Dr.
+Inglis, and Mrs. Haverfield at the head, the nurses off duty, with empty
+sacks and baskets slung over their shoulders, tramped for miles to the
+villages around Krushevatz, and after several hours' march through the
+narrow, muddy paths, returned loaded with cabbages, potatoes, or other
+vegetables in baskets and sacks, their pockets filled with eggs and
+apples. Instead of fatigue, joy and satisfaction were evident in their
+faces, because they were able to do something for their Serbian
+brothers. I am ever in admiration of these rare women, and never can I
+forget their watchword: 'Not one of our patients is to be without at
+least one egg a day, however far we may have to tramp for it.' Such
+labour, such love towards an almost totally strange nation, is something
+more than mere humanity; it is the summit of understanding, and the
+application of real and solid Christian teaching.
+
+"Dr. Inglis cured not only the physical but the moral ills of her
+wounded patients. Every word she spoke was about the return of our army,
+and she assured us of final victory. She did not speak thus merely to
+soothe, for one felt the fire of her indignation against the oppressor,
+and her love for us and her confidence that our just cause would
+triumph. I could mention a host of great and small facts in connection
+with her, enough to fill a book; but, in one word, every move, every
+thought of the late Dr. Inglis and the members of her Mission breathed
+affection towards the Serbian soldier and the Serbian nation. The
+Serbian soldier himself is the best witness to this. One has only to
+inquire about the Scottish Women's Mission in order to get a short and
+eloquent comment, which resumes all, and expresses astonishment that he
+should be asked: 'Of course I know of our sisters from Scotland.' ...
+
+"But the enemy could not succeed in shaking these noble women in their
+determination and their love for us Serbians. They at last obtained
+their release, and reached their own country, but, without taking time
+to rest properly, they at once started to collect fresh stores, and
+hastened to the assistance of the Serbian Volunteer Corps in the
+Dobrudja. They returned with the same corps to the Macedonian front, and
+thence to Serbia once more at the close of last year, in order to come
+to the aid of the impoverished Serbian people. The fact that Dr. Inglis
+lost her life after the retreat from Russia is a fresh proof of her
+devotion to Serbia. The Serbian soldiers mourn her death as that of a
+mother or sister. The memory of her goodness, self-sacrifice, and
+unbounded charity, will never leave them as long as they live, and will
+be handed down as a sacred heritage to their children. The entire
+Serbian Army and the entire Serbian people weep over the dear departed
+Dr. Inglis, while erecting a memorial to her in their hearts greater
+than any of the world's monuments. Glory be to her and the land that
+gave her birth!
+
+                        "(_Signed_) LIEUT.-COL. DRAG. C. POPOVITCH,
+                            "_Professor at the Military Academy._
+"BELGRADE.
+    "_December 24th, 1919._"
+
+
+Dr. Inglis was at home from February to August, 1916. Besides her work
+as chairman of the committee for Kossovo Day, she was occupied in many
+other ways. She paid a visit of inspection for the Scottish Women's
+Hospitals Committee to their Unit in Corsica, reporting in person to
+them on her return in her usual clear and masterly way on the work being
+done there. She worked hard to get permission for the Scottish Women's
+Hospitals to send a Unit to Mesopotamia, where certainly the need was
+great. It has been said of her that, "like Douglas of old, she flung
+herself where the battle raged most fiercely, always claiming and at
+last obtaining permission to set up her hospitals where the obstacles
+were greatest and the dangers most acute."
+
+It was not the fault of the Scottish Women's Hospitals that their
+standard was not found flying in Mesopotamia.
+
+During the time she was at home, in the intervals of her other
+activities, she spoke at many meetings, telling of the work of the
+Scottish Women's Hospitals. At these meetings she would speak for an
+hour or more of the year's work in Serbia without mentioning herself.
+She had the delightful power of telling a story without bringing in the
+personal note. Often at the end of a meeting her friends would be asked
+by members of the audience if Dr. Inglis had not been in Serbia herself.
+On being assured that she had, they would reply incredulously, "But she
+never mentioned herself at all!"
+
+The Honorary Secretary of the Clapham High School Old Girls' Society
+wrote, after Dr. Inglis's death, describing one of these meetings:
+
+"In June, 1916, Dr. Inglis came to our annual commemoration meeting and
+spoke to us of Serbia. None of those who were present will, I think,
+ever forget that afternoon, and the almost magical inspiration of her
+personality. Behind her simple narrative (from which her own part in the
+great deeds of which she told seemed so small that to many of us it was
+a revelation to learn later what that part had been) lay a spiritual
+force which left no one in the audience untouched. We feel that we
+should like to express our gratitude for that afternoon in our lives, as
+well as our admiration of her gallant life and death."
+
+The door to Mesopotamia being still kept closed, Dr. Inglis, in August,
+1916, went to Russia as C.M.O. of a magnificently equipped Unit which
+was being sent to the help of the Jugo-Slavs by the Scottish Women's
+Hospitals.
+
+A few days before she left Dr. Inglis went to Leven, on the Fifeshire
+coast of Scotland, where many of her relatives were gathered, to say
+farewell. The photograph given here was taken at this time.
+
+[Illustration: ELSIE INGLIS
+
+TAKEN IN AUGUST, 1916, JUST BEFORE SHE LEFT FOR RUSSIA]
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[13] The name the nurses gave the huge building they had converted into
+a hospital.
+
+[14] Dr. Inglis's report.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI
+
+RUSSIA
+
+
+"For a clear understanding and appreciation of subsequent events
+affecting the relations between Dr. Inglis and the Serb division, a
+brief account of its genesis may be given here.
+
+"The division consisted mainly of Serbo-Croats and Slovenes--namely,
+Serbs who, as subjects of Austria-Hungary, were obliged to serve in the
+Austrian Army. Nearly all of these men had been taken prisoners by the
+Russians, or, perhaps more correctly, had voluntarily surrendered to the
+Russians rather than fight for the enemies of their co-nationals. In
+May, 1915, a considerable number of these Austro-Serbs volunteered for
+service with the Serbian Army, and by arrangement with the Russian
+Government, who gave them their freedom, they were transported to
+Serbia. After the entry of Bulgaria into the war it was no longer
+possible to send them to Serbia, and 2,000 were left behind at Odessa.
+The number of these volunteers increased, however, to such an extent
+that, by permission of the Serbian Government, Serbian officers from
+Corfu were sent over to organize them into a military unit for service
+with the Russian Army. By May, 1916, a first division was formed under
+the command of the Serb Colonel, Colonel Hadjitch, and later a second
+division under General Zivkovitch. It was to the first division that the
+Scottish Women's Hospitals and Transport were to be attached.
+
+"The Unit mustered at Liverpool on August 29, and left for Archangel on
+the following day. It consisted of a personnel of seventy-five and three
+doctors, with Dr. Elsie Inglis C.M.O."[15]
+
+A member of the staff describes the journey:
+
+"Our Unit left Liverpool for Russia on August 31, 1916; like the
+Israelites of old, we went out not knowing exactly where we were bound
+for. We knew only that we had to join the Serbian division of the
+Russian Army, but where that Division was or how we were to get there we
+could not tell. We were seventy-five all told, with 50 tons of equipment
+and sixteen automobiles. We had a special transport, and after nine days
+over the North Sea we arrived at Archangel.
+
+"From Archangel we were entrained for Russia, and sent down via Moscow
+to Odessa, receiving there further instructions to proceed to the
+Roumanian front, where our Serbs were in action.
+
+"We were fourteen days altogether in the train. I remember Dr. Inglis,
+during those long days on the journey, playing patience, calm and
+serene, or losing her own patience when the train was stopped and
+_would_ not go on. Out she would go, and address the Russian officials
+in strenuous, nervous British--it was often effective. One of our
+interpreters heard one stationmaster saying: 'There is a great row going
+on here, and there will be trouble to-morrow if this train isn't got
+through.'
+
+"At Reni we were embarked on a steamer and barges, and sent down the
+Danube to a place called Cernavoda, where once more we were disembarked,
+and proceeded by train and motor to Medjidia, where our first hospital
+was established in a large barracks on the top of a hill above the town,
+an excellent mark for enemy aeroplanes. The hospital was ready for
+wounded two days after our arrival; until then it was a dirty empty
+building, yet the wounded were received in it some forty-eight hours
+after our arrival. It was a notable achievement, but for Dr. Inglis
+obstacles and difficulties were placed in her path for the purpose of
+being overcome; if the mountains of Mahomet _would_ not move, she
+_removed_ them!
+
+"In connection with the establishment of these field hospitals I have
+vivid recollections of her. The great empty upper floor of the barracks
+at Medjidia, seventy-five of us all in the one room. The lines of camp
+beds. Dr. Inglis and her officers in one corner; and how quietly in all
+the noise and hubbub she went to bed and slept. I remember how I had to
+waken her when certain officials came on the night of our arrival to ask
+when we would be ready for the wounded. 'Say to-morrow,' she said, and
+slept again!
+
+"'It's a wonder she did not say _now_,' one of my fellow-officers
+remarked!
+
+"We were equipped for two field hospitals of 100 beds each, and our
+second hospital was established close to the firing-line at Bulbulmic.
+We were at Bulbulmic and Medjidia only some three weeks when we had to
+retreat."
+
+Three weeks of strenuous work at these two places ended in a sudden
+evacuation and retreat--Hospital B and the Transport got separated from
+Hospital A. We can only, of course, follow the fortunes of Hospital A,
+which was directly under Dr. Inglis.
+
+The night of the retreat is made vivid for us by Dr. Inglis:
+
+
+     "The station was a curious sight that night. The flight was
+     beginning. A crowd of people was collected at one end with boxes
+     and bundles and children. One little boy was lying on a doorstep
+     asleep, and against the wall farther on lay a row of soldiers. On
+     the bench to the right, under the light, was a doctor in his white
+     overall, stretched out sound asleep between the two rushes of work
+     at the station dressing-room; and a Roumanian officer talked to me
+     of Glasgow, where he had once been invited out to dinner, so he had
+     seen the British 'custims.' It was good to feel those British
+     customs were still going quietly on, whatever was happening
+     here--breakfasts coming regularly, hot water for baths, and
+     everything as it should be. It was probably absurd, but it came
+     like a great wave of comfort to feel that Britain was there, quiet,
+     strong, and invincible, behind everything and everybody."
+
+
+A member of the Unit also gives us details:[16]
+
+"I went twice down to the station with baggage in the evening, a
+perilous journey in rickety carts through pitch darkness over roads (?)
+crammed with troops and refugees, which were lit up periodically by the
+most amazing green lightning I have ever seen, and the roar and flash of
+the guns was incessant. At the station no lights were allowed because of
+enemy aircraft, but the place was illuminated here and there by the camp
+fires of a new Siberian division which had just arrived. Picked troops
+these, and magnificent men.
+
+"We wrestled with the baggage until 2 a.m., and went back to the
+hospital in one of our own cars. Our orderly came in almost in tears.
+Her cart had twice turned over completely on its way to the station; so
+on arrival she had hastened to Dr. Inglis with a tale of woe and a
+scratched face. Dr. Inglis said: 'That's right, dear child, that's
+right, _stick_ to the equipment,' which may very well be described as
+the motto of the Unit these days!...
+
+"The majority of the Unit are to go to Galatz by train with Dr. Corbett;
+the rest (self included) are to go by road with Dr. Inglis, and work
+with the army as a clearing station.
+
+"On the morning of October 22 the train party got off as quick as
+possible, and about 4 p.m. a big lorry came for our equipment. We loaded
+it, seven of us mounted on the top, and the rest went in two of our own
+cars. The scene was really intensely comic. Seven Scottish women
+balanced precariously on the pile of luggage; a Serbian doctor with whom
+Dr. Inglis is to travel standing alongside in an hysterical condition,
+imploring us to hurry, telling us the Bulgarians were as good as in the
+town already; Dr. Inglis, quite unmoved, demanding the whereabouts of
+the Ludgate boiler; somebody arriving at the last minute with a huge
+open barrel of treacle, which, of course, could not possibly be left to
+a German. Oh dear! how we laughed!"
+
+Dr. Inglis would never allow the Sunday service to be missed if it was
+at all possible to hold it.[17] Miss Onslow tells us how she seized a
+seeming opportunity even on this Sunday of so many dangers to make ready
+for the service.
+
+"_Medjidia._--Sunday was the day on which we began our retreat from the
+Dobrudja. We spent most of the morning going to and from the station--a
+place almost impossible to enter or leave on account of the refugees,
+their carts and animals, and the army, which was on the move, blocking
+all the approaches--transporting sick members of the Unit and some
+equipment which had still to be put on the train, and only my touring
+car and one ambulance with which to do the work. Dr. Inglis had been at
+the station until the early hours of the morning, but nevertheless
+superintended everything that was being done both at the train and up at
+the hospital.
+
+"Towards noon a Serbian officer brought in a report that things were not
+as bad for the moment as they expected. Whereupon the Doctor immediately
+gave orders to prepare the room for service at 4 o'clock that afternoon!
+And she began revolving plans for immediate work in Medjidia. But, alas!
+the good news was a false report--the enemy was rushing onwards. The
+Russian lorry came for the personal baggage and any remaining equipment
+which had not gone by train; and it, piled high with luggage and some of
+the staff, left at 3, the remainder of us going in the ambulance and my
+car. Dr. Inglis came in my car, and I had the honour of driving our dear
+Doctor nearly all the time, and am the only member of the Unit who was
+with her the whole time of the retreat from Medjidia until we reached
+the Danube at Harshova."
+
+The four days of the Dobrudja retreat from October 22nd to 26th were
+days of horror for all who took part in it, not least for Dr. Inglis and
+the members of her Units. "At first we passed a few carts, then at some
+distance more and more, till we found ourselves in an unending
+procession of peasants with all their worldly goods piled on those
+vehicles.... This procession seemed difficult to pass, but as time went
+on, added to it, came the Roumanian army retreating--hundreds of guns,
+cavalry, infantry, ambulances, Red Cross carts, motor-kitchens, and
+wounded on foot--a most extraordinary scene. The night was inky black;
+the only lights were our own head-lights and those of the ambulance
+behind us, but they revealed a sad and never-to-be-forgotten picture.
+Our driver was quite wonderful; she sat unmoved, often for half an hour
+at a time. There was a block, and we had to wait while the yelling,
+frantic mob did what they could to get into some sort of order; then we
+would move on for ten minutes, and then stop again; it was like a dream
+or a play; it certainly was a tragedy. No one spoke; we just waited and
+watched it all; to us it was a spectacle, to these poor homeless people
+it was a terrible reality."[18]
+
+At 11.30 that Sunday night Dr. Inglis and the party with her arrived at
+Caramarat. The straw beds and the fairytale dinner, and the cheery voice
+of Dr. Inglis calling them to partake of it, will never be forgotten by
+these Scottish women.
+
+On arrival at Caramarat Dr. Inglis had asked for a room for her Unit and
+"a good meat meal." She was told a room was waiting for them, but a good
+meal was an impossibility; the town had been evacuated; there had been
+no food to be got for days.
+
+"Though it was only a bare room with straw in heaps on the floor and
+green blankets to wrap ourselves in, to cold, shivering beings like
+ourselves it seemed all that heart could desire.... Never shall I forget
+the delight of lying down on the straw, the dry warm blanket rolled
+round me. Then a most wonderful thing happened--the door opened and
+several soldiers entered with the most beautiful meal I ever ate. It was
+like a fairytale. Where did it come from? The lovely soup--the real
+Russian _borsh_--and roast turkey and plenty of bread and _chi_. We ate
+like wolves, and I can remember so distinctly sitting up in my straw
+nest, with my blanket round me, and hearing Dr. Inglis's cheery voice
+saying, 'Isn't this better than having to start and cook a meal?' She
+was the most extraordinary person; when she said she must have a thing,
+she got it, and it was never for herself, always for others."[19]
+
+They started again early on Monday morning, and after another day of
+adventures slept that night in the open air beside a river.
+
+"Cushions were brought from the cars and all the rugs we could find, and
+soon we were sitting round the fire waiting for the water to boil for
+our tea, and a more delightful merry meal could not be imagined. We all
+told our experiences of the day, and Dr. Inglis said: 'But this is the
+best of all; it is just like a fairytale.' And so it was; for as we
+looked there were groups of soldiers holding their horses, standing
+motionless, staring at us; we saw them only through the wood-smoke. The
+fire attracted them, and they came to see what it could mean. Seeing
+nine women laughing and chatting, alone and within earshot of the guns,
+the distant sky-line red with the enemy's doings, was more than they
+could understand. They did not speak, but quietly went away as they had
+come.... Rolled in our blankets, with the warmth of the fire making us
+feel drowsy, our chatter gradually ceased, and we slept as only a day in
+the open air can make one sleep."
+
+Another two days of continued retreat, and the different parties of
+Scottish women arrived at places of safety.
+
+"Thus we all came through the Dobrudja retreat. We had only been one
+month in Roumania, but we seemed to have lived a lifetime between the
+22nd and 26th of October, 1916." In a letter to the Committee Dr. Inglis
+says of the Unit: "They worked magnificently at Medjidia, and took the
+retreat in a very joyous, indomitable way. One cannot say they were
+plucky, because I don't think it ever entered their heads to be afraid."
+
+Finally the scattered members of the Unit joined forces again at Braila,
+where Dr. Inglis opened a hospital.
+
+During the time at Braila Dr. Inglis wrote to her relations. The letter
+is dated Reni, where she had gone for a few days.
+
+
+                                                         "RENI,
+                                                "_October 28th, 1916._
+     "DEAREST AMY,
+     "Just a line to say I am all right. Four weeks to-morrow since we
+     reached Medjidia and began our hospital. We evacuated it in three
+     weeks, and here we are all back on the frontier.... Such a time it
+     has been, Amy dear; you cannot imagine what war is just behind the
+     lines. And in a retreat....
+
+     "Our second retreat--and almost to the same day. We evacuated
+     Kraguevatz on the 25th of October last year. We evacuated Medjidia
+     on the 22nd this year. On the 25th this year we were working in a
+     Russian dressing-station at Harshova, and were moved on in the
+     evening. We arrived at Braila to find 11,000 wounded and seven
+     doctors, only one of them a surgeon.
+
+     "Boat come--must stop--am going back to Braila to do surgery. Have
+     sent every trained person there.
+
+                                   "Ever, you dear, dear people,
+                                               "Your loving sister,
+                                                              "ELSIE.
+
+     "We have had lots of exciting things too--and amusing things--and
+     _good_ things."
+
+
+Two further retreats had, however, to be experienced by Dr. Inglis and
+her Unit before they could settle down to steady work. The three
+retreats took place in the following order:
+
+_Sunday, October 22nd._--Retreated from Medjidia.
+
+_October 25th._--Arrived at Braila. Worked there till December 3rd.
+
+_December 3rd._--Retreated to Galatz, where very strenuous work awaited
+them.
+
+_January 4th._--Retreated to Reni.
+
+_August, 1917._--Left Reni, and rejoined the Serb division at Hadji
+Abdul.
+
+The work during the above period, from October 25th, 1916, to August,
+1917, was done for the Russians and Roumanians. As soon as it was
+possible, Dr. Inglis joined the Serb division in the end of August,
+1917.
+
+"Dr. Inglis was still working in Reni when the Russian Revolution broke
+out in March.[20] The spirit of unrest and indiscipline, which
+manifested itself among the troops, spread also to the hospitals, and a
+Russian doctor reported that in the other hospitals the patients had
+their own committees, which fixed the hours for meals and doctors'
+visits and made hospital discipline impossible. But there was no sign of
+this under Dr. Inglis's kindly but firm rule. Without relaxing
+disciplinary measures, she did all in her power to keep the patients
+happy and contented; and as the Russian Easter drew near, she bought
+four ikons to be put up in the wards, that the men might feel more at
+home. The result of this kindly thought was a charming Easter letter
+written by the patients--
+
+
+"_To the Much-honoured Elsie Maud, the Daughter of John._
+
+"The wounded and sick soldiers from all parts of the army and fleet of
+great free Russia, who are now for healing in the hospital which you
+command, penetrated with a feeling of sincere respect, feel it their
+much-desired duty, to-day, on the day of the feast of Holy Easter, to
+express to you our deep reverence to you, the doctor warmly loved by
+all, and also to your honoured personnel of women. We wish also to
+express our sincere gratitude for all the care and attention bestowed on
+us, and we bow low before the tireless and wonderful work of yourself
+and your personnel, which we see every day directed towards the good of
+the soldiers allied to your country.... May England live!
+
+                         "(_Signed_) THE RUSSIAN CITIZEN SOLDIERS."
+
+
+We cannot be too grateful to one member of the Unit who, in her
+impressions of Dr. Inglis, has given us a picture of her during these
+months in Russia that will live:
+
+"I think so much stress has been laid, by those who worked under her, on
+the leader who said there was no such word as 'can't' in the dictionary,
+that the extraordinarily lovable personality that lay at the root of her
+leadership is in danger of being obscured. I do not mean by this that we
+all had a romantic affection for her. Her influence was of a much finer
+quality just because she never dragged in the personal element. She was
+the embodiment of so much, and achieved more in her subordinates, just
+because she had never to depend for their loyalty on the limits of an
+admired personality.
+
+"There is no one I should less like to hear described as 'popular.' No
+one had less an easy power of endearing herself at first sight to those
+with whom she came in contact--at least, in the relations of the Unit.
+The first impression, as has been repeated over and over again, was
+always one of great strength and singleness of purpose, but all those
+fine qualities with which the general public is, quite rightly, ready to
+credit her had their roots in a serenity and gentleness of spirit which
+that same public has had all too little opportunity to realize. Her Unit
+itself realized it slowly enough. They obeyed at first because she was
+stronger than they, only later because she was finer and better.
+
+"You know it was not, at least, an easy job to win the best kind of
+service from a mixed lot of women, the trained members of which had
+never worked under a woman before, and were ready with their very narrow
+outlook to seize on any and every opportunity for criticism. There was
+much opposition, more or less grumblingly expressed at first. No one
+hesitated to do what she was told--impossible with Dr. Inglis as a
+chief--but it was grudgingly done. In the end it was all for the best.
+If she had been the kind of person who took trouble to rouse an easy
+personal enthusiasm, the whole thing would have fallen to pieces at the
+first stress of work; on the other hand, if she had never inspired more
+than respect, she would never have won the quality of service she
+succeeded in winning. The really mean-spirited were loyal just so long
+as she was present because she daunted them, and Dr. Inglis's
+disapproval was most certainly a thing to be avoided. But the great
+majority, whatever their personal views, were quickly ready to recognize
+her authority as springing from no hasty impulse, but from a finely
+consistent discipline of thought.
+
+"We were really lucky in having the retreat at the beginning of the
+work. It helped the Unit to realize how complete was the radical
+confidence they felt in her. I think her extraordinary love of justice
+was next impressed upon them. It took the sting out of every personal
+grievance, and was so almost passionately sincere it hardly seemed to
+matter if the verdict went against you. Her selflessness was an example,
+and often enough a reproach, to every one of us, and to go to her in any
+personal difficulty was such a revelation of sympathy and understanding
+as shed a light on those less obvious qualities that really made all she
+achieved possible.
+
+"People have often come to me and said casually, 'Oh yes, Dr. Inglis was
+a very charming woman, wasn't she?' And I have felt sorely tempted to
+say rather snappishly, 'No, she wasn't.' Only they wouldn't have
+understood. It is because their 'charming' goes into the same category
+as my 'popular.'
+
+"I am afraid you will hardly have anticipated such an outburst; the
+difficulty is, indeed, to know where to stop. For what could I not say
+of the way her patients adored her--the countless little unerring things
+she did and said which just kept us going, when things were unusually
+depressing, or the Unit unusually weary and homesick; the really good
+moments when one won the generous appreciation that was so well worth
+the winning; and last--if I may strike this note--her endless personal
+kindness to me."
+
+The following letter to her sister, Mrs. Simson, reveals something of
+the lovable personality of Elsie Inglis. The nephew to whom it refers
+was wounded in the eye at the battle of Gaza, and died a fortnight
+before she did.
+
+
+                                                        "ODESSA,
+                                                     "_June 24th, 1917._
+
+     "DEAREST, DEAREST AMY,
+     "Eve's letter came yesterday about Jim, and though I start at seven
+     to-morrow morning for Reni, I must write to you, dear, before I go.
+     Though what one can say I don't know. One sees these awful doings
+     all round one, but it strikes right home when one thinks of _Jim_.
+     Thank God he is still with us. The dear, dear boy! I suppose he is
+     home by now. And anyhow he won't be going out again for some time.
+     We are all learning much from this war, and I know ---- will say it
+     is all our own faults, but I am not sure that the theory that it is
+     part of the long struggle between good and evil does not appeal
+     more to my mind. We are just here in it, and whatever we suffer and
+     whatever we lose, it is for the right we are standing.... It is all
+     terrible and awful, and I don't believe we can disentangle it all
+     in our minds just now. The only thing is just to go on doing one's
+     bit.... Miss Henderson is taking home with her to-day a Serb
+     officer, quite blind, shot right through behind his eyes, to place
+     him somewhere where he can be trained. I heard of him just after I
+     had read Eve's letter, and I nearly cried. He wasn't just a case at
+     that minute, with my thoughts full of Jim. Dear old Jim! Give him
+     my love, and tell him I'm _proud of him_. And how splendidly the
+     regiment did, and how they suffered!
+
+                                       "Ever your loving sister,
+                                                   "ELSIE MAUD INGLIS."
+
+
+Another of her Unit, who worked with Dr. Inglis not only during the year
+in Russia, but through much of the strenuous campaign for the Suffrage,
+gives us these remembrances:
+
+
+"OUR LAST COMMUNION.
+
+
+     "'He that dwelleth in the secret place of the Most High shall abide
+     under the shadow of the Almighty.'
+
+
+"Dearer to me even than the memory of those outstanding qualities of
+great-hearted initiative, courage, and determination which helped to
+make Dr. Elsie Inglis one of the great personalities of her age is the
+remembrance of certain moments when, in the intimacy of close
+fellowship during my term of office with her on active service, I caught
+glimpses of that simple, sublime faith by which she lived and in which
+she died.
+
+"One of my most precious possessions is the Bible Dr. Inglis read from
+when conducting the service held on Sunday in the saloon of the
+transport which took our Unit out to Archangel. The whole scene comes
+back so vividly! The silent, listening lines of the girls on either
+hand--Hospital grey and Transport khaki; in the centre, standing before
+the Union Jack-covered desk, the figure of our dear Chief, and her
+clear, calm voice--'He that dwelleth in the secret place of the Most
+High.' One felt that such a 'secret place' was indeed the abode of her
+serene spirit, and that there she found that steadfastness of purpose
+which never wavered, and the strength by which she exercised, not only
+the gracious qualities of love, but those sterner ones of ruthlessness
+and implacability which are among the essentials of leadership.
+
+"Dr. Inglis was a philosopher in the calm way in which she took the
+vicissitudes of life. It was only when her judgment, in regard to the
+work she was engaged in, was crossed that you became aware of her
+ruthlessness--her _wonderful_ ruthlessness! I can find no better
+adjective. This quality of hers, perhaps more than any other, drew out
+my admiration and respect. Slowly it was borne in on those who worked
+with her that under no circumstances whatever would she fail the cause
+for which she was working, or those who had chosen to follow her.
+
+"Another remembrance! By the banks of the Danube at Reni, where at night
+the searchlight of the enemy used to play upon our camp, in the tent
+erected by the girls for the service, with the little altar simply and
+beautifully decorated by the nurses' loving hands, I see her kneeling
+beside me wrapt in a deep meditation, from which I ventured to rouse
+her, as the Chaplain came towards her with the sacred Bread and Wine.
+Looking back, it seems to me that even then her soul was reaching out
+beyond this present consciousness:
+
+
+     "'Here in the body pent,
+     Absent from Him I roam.'
+
+
+The look on her face was the look of those who hold high Communion. So
+'in remembrance' we ate and drank of the same Bread and the same Cup.
+Even as I write these words remembrance comes again, and I know that,
+although her bodily presence is removed, her spirit is in communion
+still."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[15] _A History of the Scottish Women's Hospitals._ Hodder and
+Stoughton. 7s. 6d.
+
+[16] _With the Scottish Nurses in Roumania_, by Yvonne Fitzroy.
+
+[17] We recall her great-uncle William Money's strict observance of the
+Sabbath.
+
+[18] "The Dobrudja Retreat," _Blackwood_, March, 1918.
+
+[19] _Blackwood_, March, 1918.
+
+[20] _A History of the Scottish Women's Hospitals._
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII
+
+"IF YOU WANT US HOME, GET _THEM_ OUT"
+
+
+Through the summer months of 1917 Dr. Inglis had been working to get the
+Serbian division to which her Unit was attached out of Russia. They were
+in an unenviable position. The disorganization of the Russian Army made
+the authorities anxious to keep the Serbian division there "to stiffen
+the Russians." The Serb Command realized, on the other hand, that no
+effective stand at that time would be made by the Russians, and that to
+send the Serbs into action would be to expose them to another disaster
+such as had overtaken them in the Dobrudja. In the battle of the
+Dobrudja the Serb division had gone into the fight 14,000 strong; they
+were in the centre, with the Roumanians on the left and the Russians on
+the right. The Roumanians and Russians broke, and the Serbs, who had
+fought for twenty-four hours on two fronts, came out with only 4,000
+men. Further slaughter such as this would have been the fate of the
+Serbian division if left in Russia.
+
+"The men want to fight," said General Zivkovitch to Dr. Inglis; "they
+are not cowards, but it goes to my heart to send them to their death
+like this."
+
+In July there had seemed to be a hope of the division being liberated
+and sent via Archangel to another front; however, later the decision of
+the Russian Headquarters was definitely stated. The Serbs were to be
+kept on the Roumanian front. "The Serb Staff were powerless in the
+matter, and entirely dependent on the good offices of the British
+Government for effecting their release."
+
+Into this difficult situation Dr. Inglis descended, and brought to bear
+on it all the force of which she was capable. The whole story of her
+achievement is told in _A History of the Scottish Women's Hospitals_, in
+those chapters that are written by Miss Edith Palliser. Here we can
+only refer to the message Dr. Inglis sent to the Foreign Office through
+Sir George Buchanan, British Ambassador at Petrograd, giving her own
+clear views on the position and affirming that "In any event the
+Scottish Women's Hospitals will stand by the Serbian division, and will
+accompany them if they go to Roumania."
+
+At the end of the month of August the Unit, leaving Reni, rejoined the
+Serb division at Hadji-Abdul, a little village midway between Reni and
+Belgrade.
+
+Dr. Inglis described it as a
+
+
+     "lovely place ... and we have a perfectly lovely camping-ground
+     among the trees. The division is hidden away wonderfully under the
+     trees, and at first they were very loath to let us pitch our big
+     tents, that could not be so thoroughly hidden; but I was quite bent
+     on letting them see what a nice hospital you had sent out, so I
+     managed to get it pitched, and they are so pleased with us. They
+     bring everybody--Russian Generals, Roumanian Military Attachés and
+     Ministers--to see it, and they are quite content because our
+     painted canvas looks like the roofs of ordinary houses."
+
+
+"There was a constant rumour of a 'grand offensive' to be undertaken on
+the Roumanian front, which Dr. Inglis, though extremely sceptical of any
+offensive on a large scale, made every preparation to meet.
+
+"The London Committee had cabled to Dr. Inglis in the month of August
+advising the withdrawal of the Unit, but leaving the decision in her
+hands, to which she replied:
+
+
+     "'I am grateful to you for leaving decision in my hands. I will
+     come with the division.'
+
+
+"Following upon this cable came a letter, in which she emphasized her
+reasons for remaining:
+
+
+     "'If there were a disaster we should none of us ever forgive
+     ourselves if we had left. We _must_ stand by. If you want us home,
+     get _them_ out.'"
+
+
+Orders and counter-orders for the release of the division were
+incessant, and on their release depended, as we have seen, the
+home-coming of the Unit.
+
+"The London Units Committee had feared greatly for the fate of the Unit
+if, as seemed probable, the Serb division was not able to leave Russia,
+and on November 9 approached the Hon. H. Nicholson at the War Department
+of the Foreign Office, who assured them that the Unit would be quite
+safe with the Serbs, who were well disciplined and devoted to Dr.
+Inglis. At that moment he thought it would be most unsafe for the Unit
+to leave the Serbs and to try to come home overland.
+
+"Mr. Nicholson expressed the opinion that the Committee would never
+persuade Dr. Inglis to leave her Serbs, and added: 'I cannot express to
+you our admiration here for Dr. Inglis and the work your Units have
+done.'"[21]
+
+At last the release of the division was effected, and on November 14 a
+cable was received by the Committee from Dr. Inglis from Archangel
+announcing her departure:
+
+
+     "On our way home. Everything satisfactory, and all well except me."
+
+
+This was the first intimation the London Committee had received that Dr.
+Inglis was ill.
+
+She arrived at Newcastle on Friday, November 23, bringing her Unit and
+the Serbian division with her. A great gale was blowing in the river,
+and they were unable to land until Sunday. Dr. Inglis had been very ill
+during the whole voyage, but on the Sunday afternoon she came on deck,
+and stood for half an hour whilst the officers of the Serbian division
+took leave of her.
+
+"It was a wonderful example of her courage and fortitude. She stood
+unsupported--a splendid figure of quiet dignity, her face ashen and
+drawn like a mask, dressed in her worn uniform coat, with the faded
+ribbons, that had seen such good service. As the officers kissed her
+hand, she said to each of them a few words, accompanied with her
+wonderful smile."
+
+She had stood through the summer months in Russia, an indomitable little
+figure, refusing to leave, until she had got ships for the remnant of
+the Serbian division, and then, with her Serbs and her Unit around her,
+she landed on the shores of England, to die.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[21] _A History of The Scottish Women's Hospitals._
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII
+
+"THE NEW WORK" AND MEMORIES
+
+
+     "Never knew I a braver going
+     Never read I of one....
+
+
+     "You faced the shadow with all tenderest words of love for all of
+     us, but with not one selfish syllable on your lips."[22]
+
+
+Dr. Inglis was brought on shore on Sunday evening, and a room was taken
+for her in the Station Hotel at Newcastle.
+
+"The victory over Death has begun when the fear of death is destroyed."
+
+She had been dying by inches for months. She had fought Death in Russia;
+she had fought him through all the long voyage. It was a strange
+warfare. For he was not to be stayed. Irresistible, majestic, wonderful,
+he took his toll--and yet she remained untouched by him! With unclouded
+vision, undimmed faith, and undaunted courage, serene and triumphant, in
+the last, _she passed him by_.
+
+There was no fear in that room on the evening that Elsie Inglis "went
+forth."
+
+Dr. Ethel Williams writes of her in November, 1919: "The demonstration
+of serenity of spirit and courage during Dr. Inglis's last illness was
+so wonderful that it has dwelt with me ever since. At first one felt
+that she did not in the least grasp the seriousness of her condition,
+but very soon one realized that she was just meeting fresh events with
+the same fearlessness and serenity of spirit as she had met the
+uncertainties and difficulties of life."
+
+One of her nieces was with her the whole of that last day. After Dr.
+Ethel Williams's visit, when for the first time Elsie Inglis realized
+that the last circle of her work on earth was complete, she said to her
+niece, "It is grand to think of beginning a new work over there!"
+
+By the evening her sisters were with her. To the very last her mind was
+clear, her spirit dominant. Her confident "I know," in response to every
+thought and word of comfort offered to her, was the outward expression
+of her inward State of Faith.
+
+What made her passing so mighty and full of triumph? Surely it was the
+"Power of an Endless Life," that idea to which she had committed herself
+years ago as she had stood at the open grave where the first seemingly
+hopeless good-bye had been said. The Power of that Endless Life, the
+Life of Christ, carried her forward on its mighty current into the New
+Region shut out from our view, but where the Life is still the same.
+
+We have watched through these pages the widening circles of Elsie
+Inglis's life. Her medical profession, The Hospice, the Women's
+Movement, the Scottish Women's Hospitals, Serbia, her achievements in
+Russia--these we know of; the work which has been given to her now is
+beyond our knowledge; but "we look after her with love and admiration,
+and know that somewhere, just out of sight, she is still working in her
+own keen way," circle after circle of service widening out in endless
+joyousness.
+
+On Thursday, November 29, St. Giles's Cathedral in Edinburgh was filled
+with a great congregation, assembled to do honour to the memory of Elsie
+Inglis. She was buried with military honours. At the end of the service
+the Hallelujah Chorus was played, and after the Last Post the buglers of
+the Royal Scots rang out the Réveillé. From the door of the Cathedral to
+the Dean Cemetery the streets were lined with people waiting to see her
+pass. "Dr. Inglis was buried with marks of respect and recognition which
+make that passing stand alone in the history of the last rites of any of
+her fellow-citizens." It was not a funeral, but a triumph. "What a
+triumphal home-coming she had!" said one friend. And another wrote: "How
+glorious the service was yesterday! I don't know if you intended it, but
+one impression was uppermost in my mind, which became more distinct
+after I left, until by evening it stood out clear and strong. The note
+of _Victory_. I had a curious impression that her spirit was there, just
+before it passed on to larger spheres, and that it was glad. I felt I
+must tell you. I wonder if you felt it too. The note of Victory was
+bigger than the war. The Soul triumphant passing on. The Réveillé
+expressed it."
+
+[Illustration: _Photo by D. Scott_
+
+THE HIGH STREET, EDINBURGH, LOOKING TOWARDS ST. GILES]
+
+In the two Memorial Services held to commemorate Dr. Inglis, one in St.
+Giles's Cathedral and the other in St. Margaret's, Westminster, a week
+later, the whole nation and all the interests of her life were
+represented.
+
+Royalty was represented, the Foreign Office, the War Office, the
+Admiralty, different bodies of women workers, the Suffrage cause, the
+Medical world, the Serbians, and--the children.
+
+Scores of "her children" were in St. Giles's, scattered through the
+congregation; in the crowds who lined the streets, they were seen
+hanging on to their mothers' skirts; and they were round the open grave
+in the Dean Cemetery. These were the children of the wynds and closes of
+the High Street, some of them bearing her name, "Elsie Maud," to whom
+she had never been too tired or too busy to respond when they needed her
+medical help or when "they waved to her across the street."
+
+
+"The estimate of a life of such throbbing energy, the summing up of
+achievement and influence in due proportion--these belong to a future
+day. But we are wholly justified in doing honour to the memory of a
+woman whose personality won the heart of an entire brave nation, and of
+whom one of the gallant Serbian officers who bore her body to the grave
+said, with simple earnestness: 'We would almost rather have lost a
+battle than lost her!'"[23]
+
+"Alongside the wider public loss, the full and noble public recognition,
+there stands in the shadow the unspoken sorrow of her Unit. The price
+has been paid, and paid as Dr. Inglis herself would have wished it, on
+the high completion of a chapter in her work, but we stand bowed before
+the knowledge of how profound and how selfless was that surrender.
+Month after month her courage and her endurance never flagged. Daily and
+hourly, in the very agony of suffering and death, she gave her life by
+inches. Sad and more difficult though the road must seem to us now, our
+privilege has been a proud one: to have served and worked with her, to
+have known the unfailing support of her strength and sympathy, and, best
+of all, to be permitted to preserve through life the memory and the
+stimulus of a supreme ideal."[24]
+
+"So passes the soul of a very gallant woman. Living, she spent herself
+lavishly for humanity. Dying, she joins the great unseen army of Happy
+Warriors, who as they pass on fling to the ranks behind a torch which,
+pray God, may never become a cold and lifeless thing."[25]
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[22] In a letter written to his son after his death: see _Life beyond
+Death_, by Minot Judson Savage.
+
+[23] The Very Rev. Wallace Williamson.
+
+[24] Miss Yvonne Fitzroy in _With the Scottish Nurses in Roumania_.
+
+[25] A writer in the _Sunday Times_.
+
+
+
+
+BIBLIOGRAPHY
+
+
+[The following books will be found of value by those whose interest may
+have been awakened by these pages to desire to know more of the career
+chosen by Elsie Inglis, and to gain an entrance into the lives of other
+men and women who have followed the medical profession both at home and
+abroad.--ED.]
+
+
+     The Problem of Creation. By J. E. Mercer, Bp. S.P.C.K.
+
+     Pioneers of Progress (Men of Science). Edited by S. Chapman, M.A.,
+     D.Sc. S.P.C.K.
+
+     God and the World. By Canon A. W. Robinson. S.P.C.K.
+
+     The Natural and Supernatural in Science and Religion. By J. M.
+     Wilson. S.P.C.K.
+
+     The Mystery of Life. By J. E. Mercer, Bp. S.P.C.K.
+
+     Where Science and Religion Meet. By Scott Palmer. S.P.C.K.
+
+     The Natural Law in the Spiritual World. By Henry Drummond. Hodder
+     and Stoughton.
+
+     Introduction to Science. By Prof. J. A. Thomson. Williams and
+     Norgate.
+
+     The Warder of Life. By Prof. J. A. Thomson. Melrose and Sons.
+
+     Secrets of Animal Life. By Prof. J. A. Thomson. Melrose and Sons.
+
+     Darwinism and Human Life. By Prof. J. A. Thomson. Melrose and Sons.
+
+     A History of the Scottish Women's Hospitals. By Eva Shaw McLaren.
+     Hodder and Stoughton.
+
+     Vikings of To-day. By W. T. Grenfell. Marshall Bros.
+
+     Father Damien. By Edward Clifford. Macmillan.
+
+     The Life of David Livingstone. By W. G. Blakie, D.D., LL.D. John
+     Murray.
+
+     Among the Wild Tribes of the Afghan Frontier. By Dr. Pennell.
+     Seeley, Service.
+
+     Pennell of the Afghan Frontier. By A. M. Pennell. Seeley, Service.
+
+     Memoirs and Letters of Sir James Paget. By Stephen Paget. Longmans,
+     Green.
+
+     Lord Lister: His Life and Work. By G. T. Wrench. Longmans, Green.
+
+     The Life of Pasteur. By René Vallery-Radot. Constable.
+
+     A Woman Doctor--Mary Murdoch of Hull. By Hope Malleson. Sidgwick
+     and Jackson.
+
+     The Life of Sophia Jex-Blake. By Margaret Todd. Macmillan.
+
+     Sir Victor Horsley. By Stephen Paget. Constable.
+
+     At Work: Letters of Maria Elizabeth Hayes, M.D. Edited by Mrs.
+     Hayes. S.P.G.
+
+     Pioneer Work for Women (see Bibliography, page xiv.). By Dr.
+     Elizabeth Blackwell. Dent.
+
+     Dr. Jackson of Manchuria. By Rev. A. J. Costain, B.A. Hodder and
+     Stoughton.
+
+     Dr. Isabel Mitchell of Manchuria. By Rev. F. W. S. O'Neill. J.
+     Clarke.
+
+     The Way of the Good Physician. By Henry Hodgkin. L.M.S.
+
+     The Claim of Suffering. By Elma Paget. S.P.G.
+
+     Companions of My Solitude. By Sir A. Helps. George Routledge.
+
+     Friends in Council (2 vols.). By Sir A. Helps. John Murray.
+
+     Confessio Medici. Macmillan.
+
+     I Wonder. By Stephen Paget. Macmillan.
+
+     I Sometimes Think. By Stephen Paget. Macmillan.
+
+     The Corner of Harley Street: Being Some Familiar Correspondence of
+     Peter Harding, M.D. Constable.
+
+     Living Water. By Harold Begbie. Headley Bros.
+
+     Essays on Vocation. Edited by Basil Mathews. (A second series is in
+     course of preparation.) Oxford University Press.
+
+     Body and Soul. By Dr. Dearmer. Isaac Pitman.
+
+     Common Sense. By Dr. Jane Walker. Privately printed.
+
+
+BILLING AND SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Elsie Inglis, by Eva Shaw McLaren
+
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+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Elsie Inglis
+       The Woman with the Torch
+
+Author: Eva Shaw McLaren
+
+Commentator: Lena Ashwell
+
+Release Date: June 7, 2006 [EBook #18530]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ELSIE INGLIS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Suzanne Lybarger, Brian Janes, Martin Pettit
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<h1>ELSIE INGLIS</h1>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="gs004.jpg" id="gs004.jpg"></a><img src="images/gs004.jpg" width='432' height='700' alt="ELSIE INGLIS AFTER HER RETURN FROM SERBIA IN 1916 Frontispiece" /></p>
+
+<blockquote><p class='right'><i>Photo by Bassano</i></p>
+
+<h4>ELSIE INGLIS</h4>
+
+<h5>AFTER HER RETURN FROM SERBIA IN 1916</h5></blockquote>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>PIONEERS OF PROGRESS</h3>
+
+<h4>WOMEN</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">Edited by</span> ETHEL M. BARTON</h4>
+
+<hr class='smler' />
+<p class='tbrk'>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h1>ELSIE INGLIS</h1>
+
+<h3>THE WOMAN WITH THE TORCH</h3>
+
+<h4>BY</h4>
+
+<h2>EVA SHAW McLAREN</h2>
+
+<p class='tbrk'>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h4>WITH A PREFACE BY</h4>
+
+<h3>LENA ASHWELL</h3>
+
+<hr class='smler' />
+
+<h4>LONDON<br />SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING<br />
+CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE<br />NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY<br />1920</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p class='tbrk'>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<div><i>Great souls who sailed uncharted seas,</i></div>
+<div><i>Battling with hostile winds and tide,</i></div>
+<div><i>Strong hands that forged forbidden keys,</i></div>
+<div><i>And left the door behind them, wide</i>.</div>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<div><i>Diggers for gold where most had failed,</i></div>
+<div><i>Smiling at deeds that brought them Fame,&mdash;</i></div>
+<div><i>Lighters of Lamps that have not failed,&mdash;</i></div>
+<div><i>Lend us your oil and share your flame.</i></div>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='tbrk'>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p class='tbrk'>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h4>TO</h4>
+
+<h3>AMY SIMSON</h3>
+
+<p class='tbrk'>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2>SYLLABUS OF CHAPTERS</h2>
+
+<div class="index">
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#PREFACE"><span class="smcap">Preface</span></a></li>
+<li><a href="#INTRODUCTION"><span class="smcap">Introduction</span></a></li>
+<li><a href="#LIST_OF_ILLUSTRATIONS"><span class="smcap">List of Illustrations</span></a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_I">CHAPTER I</a></h3>
+
+<h4>ELSIE INGLIS</h4>
+
+<p class='center'>Tributes from various sources&mdash;A woman of solved problems</p>
+
+<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_II">CHAPTER II</a></h3>
+
+<h4>THE ROCK FROM WHICH SHE WAS HEWN</h4>
+
+<p class='center'>Elsie Inglis the central figure on the stage&mdash;Men and women of
+the past, the people of her race, crowd round her&mdash;Their influence on her&mdash;Their spirit seen in hers</p>
+
+<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_III">CHAPTER III</a></h3>
+
+<h4>1864-1894</h4>
+
+<p class='center'>Childhood in India&mdash;Friendship with her father&mdash;Schooldays in
+Edinburgh&mdash;Death of her mother&mdash;Study of Medicine&mdash;Death
+of her father&mdash;Practice started in Edinburgh in 1894&mdash;Twenty
+years of professional life: interests, friendships&mdash;Varied
+Descriptions of Dr. Inglis by Miss S. E. S. Mair and Dr. Beatrice Russell</p>
+
+<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_IV">CHAPTER IV</a></h3>
+
+<h4>HER MEDICAL CAREER</h4>
+
+<p class='center'>Fellow-students' and doctors' reminiscences&mdash;The New School of
+Medicine for Women in Edinburgh&mdash;The growth of her
+practice&mdash;Her sympathy with her poor patients&mdash;The founding
+of The Hospice&mdash;Some characteristics</p>
+
+<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_V">CHAPTER V</a></h3>
+
+<h4>THE SOLVED PROBLEMS</h4>
+
+<p class='center'>The problems of the unmarried woman&mdash;Dr. Inglis's unpublished
+novel, <i>The Story of a Modern Woman</i>&mdash;Quotations from the
+novel&mdash;Many parts of novel evidently autobiographical&mdash;Heroine
+in novel solves the problem of "the lonely woman"</p>
+
+<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_VI">CHAPTER VI</a></h3>
+
+<h4>"HER CHILDREN"</h4>
+
+<p class='center'>Dr. Inglis a child-lover&mdash;Her writings full of the descriptions of
+children&mdash;Quotations from the novel</p>
+
+<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_VII">CHAPTER VII</a></h3>
+
+<h4>THE HOSPICE</h4>
+
+<p class='center'>Founded 1901&mdash;Description of premises in the High Street
+amongst the poor of Edinburgh&mdash;Dr. Inglis's love for The Hospice</p>
+
+<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_VIII">CHAPTER VIII</a></h3>
+
+<h4>THE SUFFRAGE CAMPAIGN</h4>
+
+<p class='center'>Justice of claim appealed to Dr. Inglis&mdash;Worked from constitutional
+point of view&mdash;Founding of Scottish Federation of
+Suffrage Societies&mdash;Dr. Inglis's activities for the cause&mdash;Tributes
+from women who worked with her&mdash;Description of meeting addressed by her</p>
+
+<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_IX">CHAPTER IX</a></h3>
+
+<h4>SCOTTISH WOMEN'S HOSPITALS</h4>
+
+<p class='center'>Dr. Inglis at the outbreak of war: Full of vigour and enthusiasm&mdash;Idea
+mooted at Federation Committee Meeting&mdash;Rapid growth&mdash;Hospitals in the field in December</p>
+
+<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_X">CHAPTER X</a></h3>
+
+<h4>SERBIA</h4>
+
+<p class='center'>Dreadful condition of country&mdash;Arrival of Dr. Soltau and Dr.
+Hutchison and Unit&mdash;Dr. Inglis's arrival in May, 1915&mdash;Fountain
+at Mladanovatz&mdash;Letter from officer who designed
+fountain&mdash;Dr. Inglis and her Unit taken prisoners in
+November&mdash;Account of work at Krushevatz&mdash;Release in
+February, 1916&mdash;Tributes from Miss Christitch and Lieut.-Colonel Popovitch</p>
+
+<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_XI">CHAPTER XI</a></h3>
+
+<h4>RUSSIA</h4>
+
+<p class='center'>Dr. Inglis's start for Russia in August, 1916&mdash;Unit attached to
+Serb Division near Odessa&mdash;Three weeks' work at Medjidia&mdash;Retreat
+to Braila&mdash;Order of three retreats&mdash;Work at Reni&mdash;Description
+of Dr. Inglis by one of her Unit&mdash;Account of her last Communion</p>
+
+<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_XII">CHAPTER XII</a></h3>
+
+<h4>"IF YOU WANT US HOME, GET <i>THEM</i> OUT"</h4>
+
+<p class='center'>Serb Division in unenviable position&mdash;Dr. Inglis's determination
+to save them from wholesale slaughter&mdash;Hard work through
+summer months to achieve their safety&mdash;Efforts crowned with
+success&mdash;Left for England in October, bringing her Unit and the Division with her</p>
+
+<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_XIII">CHAPTER XIII</a></h3>
+
+<h4>"THE NEW WORK" AND MEMORIES</h4>
+
+<p class='center'>Landed at Newcastle on November 23, 1917&mdash;Illness on voyage&mdash;Dr.
+Ethel Williams's testimony to her fearlessness in facing
+death&mdash;Triumph in passing&mdash;Scenes at funeral in Edinburgh&mdash;Memories</p>
+
+<div class="index">
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#BIBLIOGRAPHY"><span class="smcap">Bibliography</span></a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<h2><a name="LIST_OF_ILLUSTRATIONS" id="LIST_OF_ILLUSTRATIONS"></a>LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS</h2>
+
+<div class="index">
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#gs004.jpg">DR. ELSIE INGLIS IN 1916, AFTER HER RETURN FROM SERBIA</a></li>
+<li><a href="#gs023.jpg">THE THREE MISS FENDALLS</a>
+<ul>
+	<li class="subitem">From a picture in the possession of Brigadier-General C. Fendall</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><a href="#gs028.jpg">ELSIE INGLIS AT THE AGE OF TWO YEARS</a></li>
+<li><a href="#gs033.jpg">JOHN FORBES DAVID INGLIS, ELSIE INGLIS'S FATHER</a></li>
+<li><a href="#gs053.jpg">THE HOSPICE, HIGH STREET, EDINBURGH</a></li>
+<li><a href="#gs072.jpg">ELSIE INGLIS, BY IVAN MESTROVICH</a>
+<ul>
+	<li class="subitem">In the Scottish National Gallery</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><a href="#gs087.jpg">ELSIE INGLIS IN AUGUST, 1916, BEFORE LEAVING FOR RUSSIA</a></li>
+<li><a href="#gs107.jpg">THE HIGH STREET, LOOKING TOWARDS ST. GILES'S</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[Pg vii]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="PREFACE" id="PREFACE"></a>PREFACE</h2>
+
+<p>"To light a path for men to come" is the privilege of
+the pioneer; and the life of a pioneer, the hewer of a
+new path, is always encouraging, whether he who goes
+before to open the way be a voyager to the Poles or
+the uttermost parts of the earth, in imminent danger of
+physical death, or whether he be an adventurer, cutting
+a path to a new race consciousness, revealing the power
+of service in new vocations, evoking new powers, and
+living in hourly danger of mental suffocation by prejudices
+and inhibitions of race tradition.</p>
+
+<p>The women's irresistible movement, which has so suddenly
+flooded all departments of work previously considered
+the monopoly of men, required from the leaders
+indomitable courage, selflessness, and faith, qualities of
+imperishable splendour; and to read the life of Elsie
+Inglis is to recognize instantly that she was one of these
+ruthless adventurers, hewing her way through all perils
+and difficulties to bring to pass the dreams of thousands
+of women. The world's standard of success may appear
+to give the prize to those who collect things, but in
+reality the crown of victory, the laurel wreath, the
+tribute beyond all material value, is always reserved for
+those invisible, intangible qualities which are evinced in
+character.</p>
+
+<p>It is wonderful to read how slowly and surely that
+character was formed through twenty years of monotonous
+routine. The establishing of a Hospice for women
+and children, run entirely by women, was not a popular
+movement, and through long years of dull, arduous
+work, patient, silent, honest, dedicated unconsciously to
+the service of others, she laid the foundations which led
+to her great achievement, and so, full of courage and
+growing in power, like Nelson she developed a blind<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[Pg viii]</a></span>
+eye, to which she put her telescope in times of bewilderment;
+she could never see the difficulties which loomed
+large in her way&mdash;sex prejudices and mountains of race
+convictions to be moved&mdash;and so she moved them!</p>
+
+<p>In founding The Hospice she gave herself first to the
+women and children round her; later, in the urgent call
+of the Suffrage movement, she devoted herself whole-heartedly
+to the service of the women of the country,
+and so she was ready when the war came. Her own
+country refused her services; but Providence has a
+strange way of turning what appears to be evil into
+great good. The refusal of the British Government to
+accept the services of medically trained women caused
+them to offer their services elsewhere; and so she went
+first to help the French, and then to encourage and serve
+Serbia in her dire need.</p>
+
+<p>And so from the first she was a pioneer: in doing
+medical work among women and children; in achieving
+the rights of citizenship for women; and in the further
+great adventure of establishing the true League of
+Nations which lies in the will to serve mankind.</p>
+
+<p class='right'>LENA ASHWELL &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<br />
+(<span class="smcap">Mrs. Henry Simson</span>)</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[Pg ix]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="INTRODUCTION" id="INTRODUCTION"></a>INTRODUCTION</h2>
+
+<p>A most interesting <i>Life</i> of Elsie Inglis, written a short
+time ago by the Lady Frances Balfour, has had a
+wide circulation which has proved the appreciation of the
+public.</p>
+
+<p>This second <i>Life</i> appears at the request of The Society
+for Promoting Christian Knowledge that I should write
+a short memoir of my sister, to be included in the
+"Pioneers of Progress" Series which it is publishing.
+I undertake the duty with joy.</p>
+
+<p>In accordance with the series in which it appears, the
+<i>Life</i> is a short one, but it has been possible to incorporate
+in it some fresh material. Not the least interesting is
+what has been taken from the manuscript of a novel by
+Dr. Inglis, found amongst her papers some time after her
+death. It is called <i>The Story of a Modern Woman</i>. It
+was probably written between the years 1906 and 1914;
+the outbreak of the war may have prevented its publication.
+The date given in the first chapter of the story is
+1904. Very evidently the book expresses Elsie Inglis's
+views on life. Quotations have been made from it, as it
+gives an insight into her own character and experiences.</p>
+
+<p>The endeavour has been made to draw a picture of
+her as she appeared to those who knew her best. She
+was certainly a fine character, full of life and movement,
+ever growing and developing, ever glorying in new
+adventure. There was no stagnation about Elsie Inglis.
+Independent, strong, keen (if sometimes impatient), and
+generous, from her childhood she was ever a great giver.</p>
+
+<p>Alongside all the energy and force in her character
+there were great depths of tenderness. "Nothing like
+sitting on the floor for half an hour playing with little
+children to prepare you for a strenuous bit of work," was
+one of her sayings.</p>
+
+<p>Not to many women, perhaps, have other women given<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[Pg x]</a></span>
+such a wealth of love as they gave to Elsie Inglis. In
+innumerable letters received after her death is traceable
+the idea expressed by one woman: "In all your sorrow,
+remember, I loved her too."</p>
+
+<p>Those who worked with her point again and again to
+a characteristic that distinguished her all her life&mdash;her
+complete disregard of the opinion of others about herself
+personally, while she pursued the course her conscience
+dictated, and yet she drew to herself the affectionate
+regard of many who knew her for the first time
+during the last three years of her life.</p>
+
+<p>What her own countrymen thought of her will be
+found in the pages of this book, but the touching testimony
+of a Serb and a Russian may be given here. A
+Serb orderly expressed his devotion in a way that Dr.
+Inglis used to recall with a smile: "Missis Doctor, I love
+you better than my mother, and my wife, and my family.
+Missis Doctor, I will never leave you."</p>
+
+<p>And a soldier from Russia said of her: "She was loved
+amongst us as a queen, and respected as a saint."</p>
+
+<p>"In her <i>Life</i> you want the testimony of those who saw
+<i>her</i>. Dr. Inglis's work before and during the war will
+find its place in any enduring record; what you want to
+impress on the minds of the succeeding generation is
+<i>the quality of the woman</i> of which that work was the
+final expression."</p>
+
+<p>Something of what that quality was appears, it is hoped,
+in the pages of this memoir. I am grateful to men and
+women of varied outlook, who knew her at different
+periods of her life, for memories which have been drawn
+upon in this effort to picture Elsie Inglis.</p>
+
+<p class='right'>EVA SHAW McLAREN</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p>
+<h1>ELSIE INGLIS</h1>
+
+<p class='tbrk'>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_I" id="CHAPTER_I"></a>CHAPTER I</h2>
+
+<h3>ELSIE INGLIS</h3>
+
+<h3 class='left'>The War.</h3>
+
+<p>"Elsie Inglis was one of the heroic figures of the
+war."<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></p>
+
+<h3 class='left'>Suffrage.</h3>
+
+<p>"During the whole years of the Suffrage struggle, while
+the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies was
+growing and developing, Dr. Elsie Inglis stood as a
+tower of strength, and her unbounded energy and unfailing
+courage helped the cause forward in more ways
+than she knew. To the London Society she stood out
+as a supporter of wise councils and bold measures; time
+after time, in the decisions of the Union, they found
+themselves by her side, and from England to Scotland
+they learned to look to her as to a staunch friend.</p>
+
+<p>"Later, when the war transformed the work of the
+Societies of the Union, they trusted and followed her
+still, and it is their comfort now to think that in all her
+time of need it was their privilege to support her."<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p>
+
+<h3 class='left'>Medical.</h3>
+
+<p>"We medical women in Scotland will miss her very
+much, for she was indeed a strong rock amongst us all."<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a></p>
+
+<h3 class='left'>Scottish Women's Hospitals.</h3>
+
+<p>"Those who work in the hospitals she founded and
+for the Units she commanded, and all who witnessed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span>
+her labours, feel inspired by her dauntless example. The
+character of the Happy Warrior was in some measure
+her character. We reverence her calm fearlessness and
+forceful energies, her genius for overcoming obstacles,
+her common sense, her largeness of mind and purpose,
+and we rejoice in the splendour of her achievements."<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a></p>
+
+<h3 class='left'>Home.</h3>
+
+<p>"It is not of her great qualities that I think now, but
+rather that she was such a darling."<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a></p>
+
+<h3 class='left'>Serbia.</h3>
+
+<p>"By her knowledge she cured the physical wounds of
+the Serb soldiers. By her shining face she cured their
+souls. Silent, busy, smiling&mdash;that was her method. She
+strengthened the faith of her patients in <i>knowledge</i> and
+in <i>Christianity</i>. Scotland hardly could send to Serbia a
+better Christian missionary."<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a></p>
+
+<p class='tbrk'>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>As the days pass, bringing the figure of Elsie Inglis
+into perspective, these true and beautiful pictures of her
+fall quietly into the background, and one idea begins
+slowly to emerge and to expand, and to become the most
+real fact about her. As we follow her outward life and
+read the writings she left behind her, we come to realize
+that her greatness lay not so much in the things she
+achieved as in the hidden power of her spirit. <i>She was a
+woman of solved problems.</i> The far-reaching qualities
+of her mind and character are but the outcome of this
+inward condition.</p>
+
+<p>All men and women have problems; few solve them.
+The solved problem in any life is the expression of
+genius, and is the cause of strength and peace in the
+character.</p>
+
+<p class='tbrk'>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>"It is amazing how sometimes a name begins to shine
+like a star, and then to glow and glow until it fills the
+firmament. Such a name is Elsie Inglis."<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a></p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> Dr. Seton-Watson.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> The London Committee of the N.U.W.S.S.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> A medical colleague.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> Mrs. Flinders Petrie.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> I. A. W., niece.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> Bishop Nicolai Velimirovic.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> Rev. Norman Maclean, D.D.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_II" id="CHAPTER_II"></a>CHAPTER II</h2>
+
+<h3>THE ROCK FROM WHICH SHE WAS HEWN</h3>
+
+<blockquote><p><i>"It is not the weariness of mortality, but the Strength of Divinity
+which we have to recognize in all mighty things."</i></p></blockquote>
+
+<p>In the centre stands Elsie Inglis, the "woman of gentle
+breeding, short of stature, alert, and with the eyes of a
+seer," and "a smile like sunshine"; and on either side and
+behind this central figure the stage is crowded with men
+and women of long ago, the people of her race. One by
+one they catch our eye, and we note their connection with
+the central figure.</p>
+
+<p>Far back in the group (for it is near two hundred years
+ago) stands Hugh Inglis, hailing from Inverness-shire.
+He was a loyal supporter of Prince Charlie, and the owner
+of a yacht, which he used in gun-running in the service
+of the Prince.</p>
+
+<p>A little nearer are two of Elsie's great-grandfathers,
+John Fendall and Alexander Inglis. John Fendall was
+Governor of Java at the time when the island was
+restored to the Dutch. The Dutch fleet arrived to take
+it over before Fendall had received his instructions from
+the Government, and he refused to give it up till they
+reached him&mdash;a gesture not without a parallel in the
+later years of the life of his descendant. Alexander
+Inglis, leaving Inverness-shire, emigrated to South
+Carolina, and was there killed in a duel fought on some
+point of honour. Through his wife, Mary Deas, Elsie's
+descent runs up to Robert the Bruce on the one hand,
+and, on the other, to a family who left France after
+the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and settled in
+Scotland.</p>
+
+<p>As we thread our way through the various figures
+on the stage we are attracted by a group of three
+women. They are the daughters of the Governor of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span>
+Java, "the three Miss Fendalls." One of them, Harriet,
+is Elsie's grandmother. All three married, and their
+descendants in the second generation numbered well over
+a hundred! Harriet Fendall married George Powney
+Thompson, whose father was at one time secretary to
+Warren Hastings. George Thompson himself was a
+member of the East India Company, and ruled over large
+provinces in India. One of their nine daughters, Harriet
+Thompson, was Elsie's mother.</p>
+
+<p>On the other side of the stage, in the same generation
+as the Miss Fendalls, is another group of women. These
+are the three sisters of Elsie's grandfather, David Inglis,
+son of Alexander, who fared forth to South Carolina, and
+counted honour more dear than life.</p>
+
+<p>David was evidently a restless, keen, adventurous man;
+many years of his life were spent in India in the service
+of the East India Company. Of his three sisters&mdash;Katherine,
+painted by Raeburn; Mary, gentle and quiet;
+and Elizabeth&mdash;we linger longest near Elizabeth. She
+never married, and was an outstanding personality in the
+little family. She was evidently conversant with all the
+questions of the day, and commented on them in the
+long, closely written letters which have been preserved.</p>
+
+<p>After David's return from India he must have intended
+at one time to stand for Parliament. Elizabeth writes to
+him from her "far corner" in Inverness-shire, giving him
+stirring advice, and demanding from him an uncompromising,
+high standard. She tells him to "unfurl his
+banner"; she knows "he will carry his religion into his
+politics." "Separate religion from politics!" cries Elizabeth;
+"as well talk of separating our every duty from
+religion!"</p>
+
+<p>Needless anxiety, one would think, on the part of the
+good Highland lady, for the temptation to leave religion
+out of any of his activities can scarcely have assailed
+David. We read that when Elsie's grandfather had
+returned from the East to England he used to give missionary
+addresses, not, one would think, a common form
+of activity in a retired servant of the East India Company.
+One hears this note of genuine religion in the lives of
+those forebears of Elsie's.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="gs023.jpg" id="gs023.jpg"></a><img src="images/gs023.jpg" width='559' height='700' alt="THE MISSES FENDALL" /></p>
+
+<h5>Lady D'Oyly &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;Mrs. Lowis &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp;Mrs. Thompson<br />
+ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;(Elsie's Grandmother)</h5>
+
+<h4>THE MISSES FENDALL</h4>
+
+<h5>FROM A DRAWING IN THE POSSESSION OF BRIGADIER-GENERAL C. FENDALL,
+C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O., ETC.</h5>
+
+<p>"The extraordinary thing in all the letters, whether<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span>
+they were written by an Inglis, a Deas, or a Money, is
+the pervading note of strong religious faith. They not
+only refer to religion, but often, in truly Scottish fashion,
+they enter on long theological dissertations."</p>
+
+<p>David married Martha Money. Close to Martha on the
+stage stands her brother, William Taylor Money, Elsie's
+great-uncle. We greet him gladly, for he was a man of
+character. He was a friend of Wilberforce, and a Member
+of Parliament when the Anti-Slavery Bill was passed.
+Afterwards "he owned a merchant vessel, and gained great
+honour by his capture of several of the Dutch fleet, who
+mistook him for a British man-of-war, the smart appearance
+of his vessel with its manned guns deceiving them."
+There is a picture in Trinity House of his vessel bringing
+in the Dutch ships. Later, he was Consul-General
+at Venice and the north of Italy, where he died, in
+1834, in his gondola! He had strong religious convictions,
+and would never infringe the sacredness of the
+Sabbath-day by any "secular work." In a short biography
+of him, written in 1835, the weight of his religious
+beliefs, which made themselves felt both in
+Parliament and when Consul, is dwelt on at length.
+A son of David and Martha Inglis, John Forbes
+David Inglis, was Elsie's father. John went to India
+in 1840, following his father's footsteps in the service
+of the East India Company. Thirty-six years of his
+life were spent there, with only one short furlough home.
+He rose to distinction in the service, and gained the love
+and trust of the Indian peoples. After he retired in 1876
+one of his Indian friends addressed a letter to him, "John
+Inglis, England, Tasmania, or wherever else he may be,
+this shall be delivered to him," and through the ingenuity
+of the British Post Office it was delivered in Tasmania.</p>
+
+<p>Elsie's mother, Harriet Thompson, went out to India
+when she was seventeen to her father, George Powney
+Thompson. She married when she was eighteen.</p>
+
+<p>She met her future husband, John Inglis, at a dance in
+her father's house. Her children were often told by their
+father of the white muslin dress, with large purple flowers
+all over it, worn by her that evening, and how he and
+several of his friends, young men in the district, drove
+fifty miles to have the chance of dancing with her!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"She must have had a steady nerve, for her letters are
+full of various adventures in camp and tiger-haunted
+jungles, and most of them narrate the presence of one of
+her infants, who was accompanying the parents on their
+routine of Indian official life." In 1858, when John
+Inglis was coming home on his one short furlough, she
+trekked down from Lahore to Calcutta with the six
+children in country conveyances. The journey took
+four months; then came the voyage round the Cape,
+another four months. Of course she had the help of
+ayahs and bearers on the journeys, but even with such
+help it was no easy task.</p>
+
+<p>John Inglis saw his family settled in Southampton, and
+almost immediately had to return to India, on the outbreak
+of the Mutiny. His wife stayed at home with the
+children, until India was again a safe place for English
+women, when she rejoined her husband in 1863.</p>
+
+<p class='tbrk'>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>They crowd round Elsie Inglis, these men and women
+in their quaint and attractive costumes of long ago; we
+feel their influence on her; we see their spirit mingling
+with hers. As we run our eye over the crowded stage,
+we see the dim outline of the rock from which she was
+hewn, we feel the spirit which was hers, and we hail it
+again as it drives her forth to play her part in the great
+drama of the last three years of her life.</p>
+
+<p>The members of every family, every group of blood
+relations, are held together by the unseen spirit of their
+generations. It matters little whether they can trace
+their descent or not; the peculiar spirit of that race which
+is theirs fashions them for particular purposes and work.
+And what are they all but the varied expressions of the
+One Divine Mind, of the Endless Life of God?</p>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="gs028.jpg" id="gs028.jpg"></a><img src="images/gs028.jpg" width='564' height='700' alt="ELSIE INGLIS AT THE AGE OF 2 YEARS" /></p>
+
+<h4>ELSIE INGLIS</h4>
+
+<h5>AT THE AGE OF 2 YEARS</h5>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_III" id="CHAPTER_III"></a>CHAPTER III</h2>
+
+<h3>1864&mdash;1894</h3>
+
+<p>Elsie Inglis was born on August 16, 1864, in India.
+The wide plains of India, the "huddled hills" and valleys
+of the Himalayas, were the environment with which
+Nature surrounded her for the first twelve years of her
+life. Her childhood was a happy one, and the most perfect
+friendship existed between her and her father from
+her earliest days.</p>
+
+<p>"All our childhood is full of remembrances of father.<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a>
+He never forgot our birthdays; however hot it was down
+in the scorched plains, when the day came round, if we
+were up in the hills, a large parcel would arrive from him.
+His very presence was joy and strength when he came
+to us at Naini Tal. What a remembrance there is of early
+breakfasts and early walks with him&mdash;the father and the
+three children! The table was spread in the verandah
+between six and seven. Father made three cups of cocoa,
+one for each of us, and then the glorious walk! The
+ponies followed behind, each with their attendant
+grooms, and two or three red-coated chaprassies, father
+stopping all along the road to talk to every native who
+wished to speak to him, while we three ran about, laughing
+and interested in everything. Then, at night, the
+shouting for him after we were in bed, and father's step
+bounding up the stair in Calcutta, or coming along the
+matted floor of our hill home. All order and quietness
+were flung to the winds while he said good-night to us.</p>
+
+<p>"It was always understood that Elsie and he were
+special chums, but that never made any jealousy. Father
+was always just. The three cups of cocoa were always
+the same in quantity and quality. We got equal shares<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span>
+of his right and his left hand in our walks; but Elsie and
+he were comrades, inseparables from the day of her birth.</p>
+
+<p>"In the background of our lives there was always the
+quiet, strong mother, whose eyes and smile live on
+through the years. Every morning before the breakfast
+and walk there were five minutes when we sat in front of
+her in a row on little chairs in her room and read the
+Scripture verses in turn, and then knelt in a straight,
+quiet row and repeated the prayers after her. Only once
+can I remember father being angry with any of us, and
+that was when one of us ventured to hesitate in instant
+obedience to some wish of hers. I still see the room in
+which it happened, and the thunder in his voice is with
+me still."</p>
+
+<p>There was a constant change of scene during these
+years in India&mdash;Allahabad, Naini Tal, Calcutta, Simla, and
+Lucknow. After her father retired, two years in Australia
+visiting older brothers who had settled there, and
+then in 1878 home to the land of her fathers.</p>
+
+<p>On the voyage home, when Elsie was about fourteen,
+her mother writes of her:</p>
+
+<p>"Elsie has found occupation for herself in helping to
+nurse sick children and look after turbulent boys who
+trouble everybody on board, and a baby of seven months
+old is an especial favourite with her."</p>
+
+<p>But through the changing scenes there was always growing
+and deepening the beautiful comradeship between
+father and daughter. The family settled in Edinburgh,
+and Elsie went to school to the Charlotte Square Institution,
+perhaps in those days the best school for girls in
+Edinburgh. In the history class taught by Mr. Hossack
+she was nearly always at the top.</p>
+
+<p>Of her school life in Edinburgh a companion writes:</p>
+
+<p>"I remember quite distinctly when the girls of 23,
+Charlotte Square were told that two girls from Tasmania
+were coming to the school, and a certain feeling
+of surprise that the said girls were just like ordinary
+mortals, though the big, earnest brows and the hair
+quaintly parted in the middle and done up in plaits
+fastened up at the back of the head were certainly not
+ordinary.</p>
+
+<p>"A friend has the story of a question going round the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span>
+class; she thinks Clive or Warren Hastings was the subject
+of the lesson, and the question was what one would
+do if a calumny were spread about one. 'Deny it,' one girl
+answered. 'Fight it,' another. Still the teacher went on
+asking. 'Live it down,' said Elsie. 'Right, Miss Inglis.'
+My friend writes: 'The question I cannot remember; it
+was the bright, confident smile with the answer, and Mr.
+Hossack's delighted wave to the top of the class that
+abides in my memory.'</p>
+
+<p>"I always think a very characteristic story of Elsie is
+her asking that the school might have permission to play
+in Charlotte Square Gardens. In those days no one
+thought of providing fresh-air exercise for girls except
+by walks, and tennis was just coming in. Elsie had the
+courage (to us schoolgirls it seemed extraordinary courage)
+to confront the three Directors of the school, and
+ask if we might be allowed to play in the gardens of the
+Square. The three Directors together were to us the
+most formidable and awe-inspiring body, though separately
+they were amiable and estimable men!</p>
+
+<p>"The answer was, we might play in the gardens if the
+residents of the Square would give their consent, and the
+heroic Elsie, with, I think, one other girl, actually went
+round to each house in the Square and asked consent of
+the owner. In those days the inhabitants of Charlotte
+Square were very select and exclusive indeed, and we all
+felt it was a brave thing to do. Elsie gained her point,
+and the girls played at certain hours in the Square till a
+regular playing-field was arranged.... Elsie's companion
+or companions in this first adventure to influence
+those in authority have been spoken of as 'her first
+Unit.'"<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a></p>
+
+<p>When she was eighteen she went for a year to Paris
+with six other girls, in charge of Miss Gordon Brown.
+She came home again shortly before her mother's death
+in January, 1885. Henceforth she was her father's constant
+companion. They took long walks together, talked
+on every subject, and enjoyed many humorous episodes
+together. On one point only they disagreed&mdash;Home
+Rule for Ireland: she for it, he against.</p>
+
+<p>During the nine years from 1885 to her father's death<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span>
+in 1894, she began and completed her medical studies
+with his full approval. The great fight for the opening
+of the door for women to study medicine had been fought
+and won earlier by Dr. Sophia Jex-Blake, Dr. Garrett
+Anderson, and others. But though the door was open,
+there was still much opposition to be encountered and a
+certain amount of persecution to be borne when the
+women of Dr. Inglis's time ventured to enter the halls of
+medical learning.</p>
+
+<p>Along the pathway made easy for them by these
+women of the past, hundreds of young women are to-day
+entering the medical profession. As we look at them we
+realize that in their hands, to a very large extent, lies the
+solving of the acutest problem of our race&mdash;the
+relation of the sexes. Will they fail us? Will they
+be content with a solution along lines that can only
+be called a second best? When we remember the clear-brained
+women in whose steps they follow, who opened
+the medical world for them, and whose spirits will for
+ever overshadow the women who walk in it, we know
+they will not fail us.</p>
+
+<p>Elsie Inglis pursued her medical studies in Edinburgh
+and Glasgow. After she qualified she was for six months
+House-Surgeon in the New Hospital for Women and
+Children in London, and then went to the Rotunda in
+Dublin for a few months' special study in midwifery.</p>
+
+<p>She returned home in March, 1894, in time to be with
+her father during his last illness. Daily letters had
+passed between them whenever she was away from home.
+His outlook on life was so broad and tolerant, his judgment
+on men and affairs so sane and generous, his religion
+so vital, that with perfect truth she could say, as
+she did, at one of the biggest meetings she addressed
+after her return from Serbia: "If I have been able to do
+anything, I owe it all to my father."</p>
+
+<p>After his death she started practice with Dr. Jessie
+Macgregor at 8, Walker Street, Edinburgh. It was a
+happy partnership for the few years it lasted, until for
+family reasons Dr. Macgregor left Scotland for America.
+Dr. Inglis stayed on in Walker Street, taking over Dr.
+Macgregor's practice. Then followed years of hard
+work and interests in many directions.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="gs033.jpg" id="gs033.jpg"></a><img src="images/gs033.jpg" width='489' height='700' alt="JOHN FORBES DAVID INGLIS, ELSIE INGLIS' FATHER" /></p>
+
+<h4>JOHN FORBES DAVID INGLIS</h4>
+
+<h5>ELSIE INGLIS' FATHER</h5>
+
+<h5>"If I have been able to do anything&mdash;whatever I am, whatever I have done&mdash;<br />
+I owe it all to my Father."</h5>
+
+<h5 class='right'><i>Elsie Inglis, at a meeting held in the Criterion<br />
+Theatre, London, April 5th, 1916</i></h5>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>The Hospice for Women and Children in the High
+Street of Edinburgh was started. Her practice grew,
+and she became a keen suffragist. During these years
+also she evidently faced and solved her problems.</p>
+
+<p>She was a woman capable of great friendships. During
+the twenty years of her professional life perhaps the
+three people who stood nearest to her were her sister,
+Mrs. Simson, and the Very Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Wallace
+Williamson. These friendships were a source of great
+strength and comfort to her.</p>
+
+<p>We may fitly close this chapter by quoting descriptions
+of Dr. Inglis by two of her friends&mdash;Miss S. E. S. Mair,
+of Edinburgh, and Dr. Beatrice Russell:</p>
+
+<p>"In outward appearance Dr. Inglis was no Amazon,
+but just a woman of gentle breeding, courteous, sweet-voiced,
+somewhat short of stature, alert, and with the
+eyes of a seer, blue-grey and clear, looking forth from
+under a brow wide and high, with soft brown hair
+brushed loosely back; with lips often parted in a radiant
+smile, discovering small white teeth and regular, but lips
+which were at times firmly closed with a fixity of purpose
+such as would warn off unwarrantable opposition or
+objections from less bold workers. Those clear eyes had
+a peculiar power of withdrawing on rare occasions, as it
+were, behind a curtain when their owner desired to absent
+herself from discussion of points on which she preferred
+to give no opinion. It was no mere expression such as
+absent-mindedness might produce, but was, as she herself
+was aware, a voluntary action of withdrawal from all
+participation in what was going on. The discussion
+over, in a moment the blinds would be up and the soul
+looked forth through its clear windows with steady gaze.
+Whether the aural doors had been closed also there is
+no knowing."</p>
+
+<p class='tbrk'>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>"She was a keen politician&mdash;in the pre-war days a
+staunch supporter of the Liberal party, and in the years
+immediately preceding the war she devoted much of her
+time to work in connection with the Women's Suffrage
+movement. She was instrumental in organizing the
+Scottish Federation of Women's Suffrage Societies, and
+was Honorary Secretary of the Federation up to the time<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span>
+of her death. But the factor which most greatly contributed
+to her influence was the unselfishness of her
+work. She truly 'set the cause above renown' and loved
+'the game beyond the prize.' She was always above the
+suspicion of working for ulterior motives or grinding a
+personal axe. It was ever the work, and not her own
+share in it, which concerned her, and no one was more
+generous in recognizing the work of others.</p>
+
+<p>"To her friends Elsie Inglis is a vivid memory, yet it
+is not easy clearly to put in words the many sides of her
+character. In the care of her patients she was sympathetic,
+strong, and unsparing of herself; in public life
+she was a good speaker and a keen fighter; while as a
+woman and a friend she was a delightful mixture of
+sound good sense, quick temper, and warm-hearted impulsiveness&mdash;a
+combination of qualities which won her
+many devoted friends. A very marked feature of her
+character was an unusual degree of optimism which never
+failed her. Difficulties never existed for Dr. Inglis, and
+were barely so much as thought of in connection with
+any cause she might have at heart. This, with her clear
+head and strong common sense, made her a real driving
+power, and any scheme which had her interest always
+owed much to her ability to push things through."</p>
+
+<p class='tbrk'>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>In the following chapters the principal events in her
+life during these twenty years&mdash;1894 to 1914&mdash;will be
+dealt with in detail, before we arrive at the story of the
+last three years and of the "Going Forth."</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> From contributions to <i>Dr. Elsie Inglis</i>, by Lady Frances
+Balfour.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> <i>Dr. Elsie Inglis</i>, by Lady Frances Balfour.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_IV" id="CHAPTER_IV"></a>CHAPTER IV</h2>
+
+<h3>HER MEDICAL CAREER</h3>
+
+<h4>1894-1914</h4>
+
+<p>During the years from 1894 to 1914 the main stream in
+Elsie Inglis's life was her medical work. This was her
+profession, her means of livelihood; it was also the
+source from which she drew conclusions in various directions,
+which influenced her conduct in after-years, and it
+supplied the foundation and the scaffolding for the structure
+of her achievements at home and abroad.</p>
+
+<p>The pursuit of her profession for twenty years in Edinburgh
+brought to her many experiences which roused
+new and wide interests, and which left their impress on
+her mind.</p>
+
+<p>One who was a fellow-student writes of her classmate:
+"She impressed one immediately with her mental and
+physical sturdiness. She had an extremely pleasant face,
+with a finely moulded forehead, soft, kind, fearless, blue
+eyes, and a smile, when it came, like sunshine; with this
+her mouth and chin were firm and determined."</p>
+
+<p>She was a student of the School of Medicine for
+Women in Edinburgh of which Dr. Jex-Blake was
+Dean&mdash;a fine woman of strong character, to whom, and
+to a small group of fellow-workers in England, women
+owe the opening of the door of the medical profession.
+As Dean, however, she may have erred in attempting an
+undue control over the students. To Elsie Inglis and
+some of her fellow-students this seemed to prejudice
+their liberty, and to frustrate an aim she always had in
+view, the recognition by the public of an equal footing
+on all grounds with men students. The difficulties
+became so great that Elsie Inglis at length left the
+Edinburgh school and continued her education at Glas<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span>gow,
+where at St. Margaret's College classes in medicine
+had recently been opened. A fellow-student writes:
+"Never very keenly interested in the purely scientific side
+of the curriculum, she had a masterly grasp of what was
+practical." She took her qualifying medical diploma in
+1902.</p>
+
+<p>After her return to Edinburgh she started a scheme
+and brought it to fruition with that fearlessness and
+ability which at a later period came to be expected from
+her, both by her friends and by the public. With
+the help of sympathetic lecturers and friends of The
+Women's Movement, she succeeded in establishing a
+second School of Medicine for Women in Edinburgh,
+with its headquarters at Minto House, a building which
+had been associated with the study of medicine since the
+days of Syme. It proved a successful venture. After
+the close of Dr. Jex-Blake's school a few years later, it
+was the only school for women students in Edinburgh,
+and continued to be so till the University opened its doors
+to them.</p>
+
+<p>It was mainly due to Dr. Inglis's exertions that The
+Hospice was opened in the High Street of Edinburgh as
+a nursing home and maternity centre staffed by medical
+women. An account of it and of Dr. Inglis's work in
+connection with it is given in a later chapter.</p>
+
+<p>She was appointed Joint-Surgeon to the Edinburgh
+Bruntsfield Hospital and Dispensary for Women and
+Children, also staffed by women and one of the fruits of
+Dr. Jex-Blake's exertions. Here, again, Elsie Inglis's
+courage and energy made themselves felt. She desired
+a larger field for the usefulness of the institution, and
+proposed to enlarge the hospital to such an extent that
+its accommodation for patients should be doubled. A
+colleague writes: "Once again the number must be
+doubled, always with the same idea in view&mdash;<i>i.e.</i>, to
+insure the possibilities for gaining experience for women
+doctors. Once again the committee was carried along
+on a wave of unprecedented effort to raise money. An
+eager band of volunteers was organized, among them
+some of her own students. Bazaars and entertainments
+were arranged, special appeals were issued, and the necessary
+money was found, and the alterations carried out.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span>
+It was never part of Dr. Inglis's policy to wait till the
+money came in. She always played a bold game, and
+took risks which left the average person aghast, and in
+the end she invariably justified her action by accomplishing
+the task which she set herself, and, at times it must
+be owned, which she set an all too unwilling committee!
+But for that breezy and invincible faith and optimism the
+Scottish Women's Hospitals would never have taken
+shape in 1914."</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Inglis's plea for the Units of the Scottish Women's
+Hospital was always that they might be sent "where the
+need was greatest." In these years of work before the war
+the same motive, to supply help where it was most needed,
+seems to have guided her private practice, for we read:
+"Dr. Inglis was perhaps seen at her best in her dispensary
+work, for she was truly the friend and the champion
+of the working woman, and especially of the mother in
+poor circumstances and struggling to bring up a large
+family. Morrison Street Dispensary and St. Anne's Dispensary
+were the centre of this work, and for years to
+come mothers will be found in this district who will
+relate how Dr. Inglis put at their service the best of her
+professional skill and, more than that, gave them unstintedly
+of her sympathy and understanding."</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Wallace Williamson, of St. Giles's Cathedral, writing
+of her after her death, is conscious also of this impulse
+always manifesting itself in her to work where difficulties
+abounded. He points out: "Of her strictly professional
+career it may be truly said that her real attraction had
+been to work among the suffering poor.... She was
+seen at her best in hospice and dispensary, and in homes
+where poverty added keenness to pain. There she gave
+herself without reserve. Questions of professional
+rivalry or status of women slipped away in her large
+sympathy and helpfulness. Like a truly 'good physician,'
+she gave them from her own courage an uplift of
+spirit even more valuable than physical cure. She understood
+them and was their friend. To her they were not
+merely patients, but fellow-women. It was one of her
+great rewards that the poor folk to whom she gave of
+her best rose to her faith in them, whatever their privations
+or temptations. Her relations with them were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span>
+remote from mere routine, and so distinctively human
+and real that her name is everywhere spoken with the
+note of personal loss. Had not the wider call come, this
+side of her work awaited the fulfilment of ever nobler
+dreams."</p>
+
+<p>She was loved and appreciated as a doctor not only
+by her poorer patients, but by those whom she attended
+in all ranks of society.</p>
+
+<p>Of her work as an operator and lecturer two of her
+colleagues say:</p>
+
+<p>"It was a pleasure to see Dr. Inglis in the operating-theatre.
+She was quiet, calm, and collected, and never
+at a loss, skilful in her manipulations, and able to cope
+with any emergency."</p>
+
+<p>"As a lecturer she proved herself clear and concise,
+and the level of her lectures never fell below that of the
+best established standards. Students were often heard
+to say that they owed to her a clear and a practical
+grasp of a subject which is inevitably one of the most
+important for women doctors."</p>
+
+<p class='tbrk'>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>Should it be asked what was the secret of her success
+in her work, the answer would not be difficult to find. A
+clear brain she had, but she had more. She had vision,
+for her life was based on a profound trust in God, and
+her vision was that of a follower of Christ, the vision of
+the kingdom of heaven upon earth. This was the true
+source of that remarkable optimism which carried her
+over difficulties deemed by others insurmountable. Once
+started in pursuit of an object, she was most reluctant
+to abandon it, and her gaze was so keenly fixed on the
+end in view that it must be admitted she was found by
+some to be "ruthless" in the way in which she pushed on
+one side any who seemed to her to be delaying or
+obstructing the fulfilment of her project. There was,
+however, never any selfish motive prompting her; the
+end was always a noble one, for she had an unselfish,
+generous nature. An intimate friend, well qualified to
+judge, herself at first prejudiced against her, writes:</p>
+
+<p>"In everything she did that was always to me her
+most outstanding characteristic, her self-effacing and
+abounding generosity. Indeed, it was so characteristic<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span>
+of her that it was often misunderstood and her action
+was imputed to a desire for self-advertisement. A fellow-doctor
+told me that when she was working in one of
+the Edinburgh laboratories she heard men discussing
+something Dr. Inglis had undertaken, and, evidently finding
+her action quite incomprehensible, they concluded it
+was dictated by personal ambition. My friend turned on
+them in the most emphatic way: 'You were never more
+mistaken. The thought of self or self-interest never
+even entered Elsie Inglis's mind in anything she did or
+said.'" Again, another writes: "One recalls her generous
+appreciation of any good work done by other women,
+especially by younger women. Any attempt to strike
+out in a new line, any attempt to fill a post not previously
+occupied by a woman, received her unstinted admiration
+and warm support."</p>
+
+<p>It was her delight to show hospitality to her friends,
+many of whom, especially women doctors and friends
+made in the Suffrage movement, stayed with her at her
+house in Walker Street, Edinburgh. But her hospitality
+did not end there. One doctor, whom we have already
+quoted, on arrival on a visit, found that only the day
+before Dr. Inglis had said good-bye to a party of guests,
+a woman with five children, a patient badly in need of
+rest, who had the misfortune to have an unhappy home,
+and was without any relatives to help her. Dr. Inglis's
+relations with her poor patients have been already
+referred to. Not only did she give them all she could
+in the way of professional attention and skill, but her
+generosity to them was unbounded. "I had a patient,"
+writes a doctor, "very ill with pulmonary tuberculosis.
+She was to go to a sanatorium, and her widowed mother
+was quite unable to provide the rather ample outfit
+demanded. Dr. Inglis gave me everything for her, down
+to umbrella and goloshes."</p>
+
+<p>Naturally her devotion was returned, though in one
+case which is recorded Dr. Inglis's care met with resentment
+at first. A woman who was expecting a baby&mdash;her
+ninth&mdash;applied at a dispensary where Dr. Inglis happened
+to be in charge. Her advice was distasteful to the
+patient, who tried another dispensary, only to meet again
+with the same advice, again from a woman member of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span>
+the profession. A third dispensary brought her the same
+fortune! Eventually, when the need for professional
+skill came, she was attended by the two latter doctors
+she had seen, for the case proved to be a difficult one.
+Requiring the aid of greater experience&mdash;for they were
+juniors&mdash;they sent for Dr. Inglis, with whose help the
+lives of mother and child were saved. Thus the patient
+was attended in the end by all the three women physicians
+whose advice she had scorned. The child was the first
+boy in the large family, and the mother's gratitude and
+delight after her recovery knew no bounds. It found,
+however, Scotch expression, shall we say? in her tribute,
+"Weel, I've had the hale three o' ye efter a', and ye canna
+say I hae'na likit ye&mdash;<i>at the hinder en' at ony rate</i>!"
+"That woman kept us busy with patients for many a
+day," writes one of the three. The bulky mother-in-law
+of one patient expressed her admiration of the doctor
+and her lack of faith in the justice of things by saying:
+"It's no fair Dr. Inglis is a woman; if she'd been a man,
+she'd ha' been a millionaire!" The doctor in whose
+memory these incidents live says of her friend: "No item
+was too trivial, no trouble too great to take, if she could
+help a human being, or if she could push forward or help
+a younger doctor."</p>
+
+<p>If Elsie Inglis's intrepidity, determination, and invincible
+optimism were well known to the public, the
+circle of her friends was warmed by the truly loving
+heart with which they came in contact.</p>
+
+<p>The following incident may show in some degree what
+a tender heart it was. A friend whose brother died, after
+an operation, in a nursing home in Edinburgh was staying
+at Dr. Inglis's house when the death occurred. The
+body had to be taken to the Highland home in the North.
+The sister writes: "My younger brother called for me
+in the early morning, as we had to leave by the 3 a.m.
+train to accompany the body to Inverness. When Dr.
+Inglis had said good-bye to us and we drove away in the
+cab, my brother&mdash;he is just an ordinary keen business
+man&mdash;turned to me with his eyes filled with tears, and
+said: 'I should have liked to kiss her like my mother.'
+(We had never known our mother.)"</p>
+
+<p>In the fourteenth century, in that wonderful and most<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span>
+lovable woman, Catherine of Siena, we find the same
+union of strength and tenderness which was so noticeable
+in Dr. Inglis. In the <i>Life</i> of St. Catherine it is said:
+"Everybody loves Catherine Benincasa because she was
+always and everywhere a woman in every fibre of her
+being. By nature and temperament she was fitted to be
+what she succeeded in remaining to the end&mdash;a strong,
+noble woman, whose greatest strength lay in her tenderness,
+and whose nobility sprung from her tender
+femininity."</p>
+
+<p>In her political sagacity, her optimism, and cheerfulness
+also, she reminds us of Elsie Inglis. During St.
+Catherine's Mission to Tuscany the following story is
+told of her by her biographer: "The other case" (of
+healing) "was that of Messer Matteo, her friend, the
+Rector of Misericordia, who had been one of the most
+active of the heretic priests in Siena. To this good man,
+lying <i>in extremis</i> after terrible agony, Catherine entered,
+crying cheerfully: 'Rise up, rise up, Ser Matteo! This
+is not the time to be taking your ease in bed!' Immediately
+the disease left him, and he, who could so ill be
+spared at such a time, arose whole and sound to minister
+to others."<a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a></p>
+
+<p>We smile as we read of Catherine's "cheerful"
+entrance into this sick-chamber, and those who knew
+Dr. Inglis can recall many such a breezy entrance into
+the depressing atmosphere of some of her patients' sickrooms.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTE:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> <i>Catherine of Siena</i>, by C. M. Antony.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_V" id="CHAPTER_V"></a>CHAPTER V</h2>
+
+<h3>THE SOLVED PROBLEMS</h3>
+
+<blockquote><p>"<i>It is the solution worked out in the life, not merely in words,
+that brings home to other lives the fact that the problem is not
+insoluble</i>."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>It may be truly said that special types of problems come
+before the unmarried woman for solution&mdash;problems as
+to her connection with society and with the race, which
+confront her as they do not others. Though few signs
+of a mental struggle were visible on the surface, there is
+no doubt that Elsie Inglis met these problems and settled
+them in the silence of her heart. It is a fact of much
+interest in connection with the subject of this memoir
+that amongst the papers found after she had died is the
+MS. of a novel written by herself, entitled <i>The Story of
+a Modern Woman</i>, and one turns the pages with eager
+interest to see if they furnish a key to the path along
+which she travelled in solving her problems. The expectation
+is realized, and in reading the pages of the novel
+we find the secret of the assurance and happy courage
+which characterized her. Whether she intended it or
+not, many parts of the book are without doubt autobiographical.
+In this chapter we propose to give some
+extracts from the novel which we consider justify the
+belief that the authoress is describing her own experiences.</p>
+
+<p>The first extract refers to her "discovery" that she
+was almost entirely without fear. The heroine is Hildeguard
+Forrest, a woman of thirty-seven, a High School
+teacher. During a boating accident, which might have
+resulted fatally, the fact reveals itself to Hildeguard that
+she does not know what fear is. The story of the accident
+closes with these words:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"Self-revelation is not usually a pleasant process. Not often do
+we find ourselves better than we expected. Usually the sudden flash
+that shows us ourselves makes us blush with shame at the sight we
+see. But very rarely, and for the most part for the people who are
+not self-conscious, the flash may, in a moment, reveal unknown
+powers or unsuspected strength.</p>
+
+<p>"And Hildeguard, sitting back in the boat, suddenly realized
+she wasn't a coward. She looked back in surprise over her life,
+and remembered that the terror which as a child would seize her
+in a sudden emergency was the fear of being parted from her mother,
+not any personal fear for herself, or her own safety.</p>
+
+<p>"Such a pleasurable glow swept over her as she sat there in the
+rocking boat. 'Why, no,' she thought; 'I wasn't frightened.'"</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>A similar accident befell Elsie Inglis when a young
+woman. Whether the absence of fear disclosed itself to
+her then or not cannot be said, but she is known to have
+said to a friend after her return from Serbia: "It was a
+great day in my life when I discovered that I did not
+know what fear was."</p>
+
+<p>Benjamin Kidd in <i>The Science of Power</i> gives (unintentionally)
+an indication where to look for the secret
+of the childless woman's feeling of loneliness&mdash;<i>she has
+no link with the future</i>. He affirms that woman because
+of her very nature has her roots in the future. "To
+women," he says, "the race is always more than the
+individual; the future greater than the present."</p>
+
+<p>As we follow Hildeguard through the pages of the
+novel, she is shown to us as faced with the problem of
+becoming "a lonely woman," the problem that meets the
+unmarried and the childless woman. And the claims
+and the meaning of religion are confronting her too.
+The story traces the workings of Hildeguard's mind and
+the events of her life for a year.</p>
+
+<p>Christmas Day in the novel finds Hildeguard a lonely
+and dissatisfied woman with no "sure anchor." She has
+had a happy childhood, with many relations and friends
+around her. One by one these are taken from her&mdash;some
+are dead, others are married&mdash;and she sees herself,
+at the age of thirty-seven, a forlorn figure with no great
+interest in the future, and her thoughts dwelling mostly
+on the joyous past. Two or three of Hildeguard's
+friends are conversing together in her rooms. None of
+them has had a happy day. Each in her own way is
+feeling the depression of the lonely woman. Frances, a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span>
+little Quaker lady, enters the room, as someone remarks
+on the sadness of Christmas-time.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"'Yes,' at last said the Quaker lady; 'I heard what you said as
+I came in, dear. Christmas is a hard time with all its memories.
+<i>I think I have found out what we lonely women want. It is a future</i>.
+Our thoughts are always turning to the past. There is not anything
+to link us on to the next generation. You see other women
+with their families&mdash;it is the future to which they look. However
+good the past has been, they expect more to come, for their sons
+and their daughters. Their life goes on in other lives.' Hildeguard
+clasped her hands round her knees and stared into the fire."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>"Their life goes on in other lives"&mdash;the thought finds
+a home in Hildeguard's mind. When, soon after, the
+little Quakeress dies, Hildeguard, looking at the quiet
+face, says to herself: "<i>Dear little woman! So you have
+got your future.</i>" But in her own case she does not wait
+for death to bring it to her; she faces her problems,
+and, refusing to be swamped by them, makes the currents
+carry her bark along to the free, open sea. She
+flings herself whole-heartedly into causes whose hopes
+rest in the future. She draws around her children, who
+need her love and care, and makes them her hostages
+for the future. In all this we see Elsie Inglis describing
+a stage in her own life.</p>
+
+<p>But before the story brings us round again to Christmas,
+something else has helped to change the outlook
+for Hildeguard; she has found herself in relation to God.
+Her religion is no merely inherited thing&mdash;not hers at
+second-hand, this "link with God." It is a real thing to
+her, found for herself, made part of herself, and so her
+sure foundation. It has come to her in a flash, a never-to-be-forgotten
+illumination of the words: "<i>The Power
+of an Endless Life</i>." She faces life now glad and free.</p>
+
+<p>In her "den" on that Christmas Eve she is described
+thus to us by Elsie Inglis:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"Ann had put holly berries over the pictures, and the mantelpiece,
+too, was covered with it. Between the masses of green and
+the red berries stood the solid, old-fashioned, gilt frames of long
+ago, the photographs in them becoming yellow with age. Hildeguard
+turned to them from the portraits on the walls. She
+stood, her hands resting on the edge of the mantelpiece. Then
+suddenly it came to her that her whole attitude towards life and
+death had altered. For long these old photographs had stood to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span>
+her as symbols of a past glowing with happiness. Though the pain
+still lingered even after time had dulled the edge, yet the old pictures
+typified all that was best in life, and the dim mist of the years rose
+up between the good days and her.</p>
+
+<p>"But now, as she looked, her thoughts did not turn to the past.
+In some unexplained way the loves of long ago seemed to be entwined
+with a future so wonderful and so enticing that her heart
+bounded as she thought of it.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<div>"'Grow old along with me;</div>
+<div>The best is yet to be.'</div>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>"Only last Christmas those words would have meant nothing to
+her. Then her bark seemed to be stranded among shallows. She
+felt that she was an old woman, and 'second bests' her lot in the
+coming years. There could never be any life equal to the old life,
+in the back-water into which she had drifted.</p>
+
+<p>"But to-day how different the outlook! Her ship was flying over
+a sunlit sea, the good wind bulging out the canvas. She felt the
+thrill of excitement and adventure in her veins as she stood at the
+helm and gazed across the dancing water. It seemed to her as if she
+had been asleep and the "Celestial Surgeon" had come and 'stabbed
+her spirit broad awake.' Joy had done its work, and sorrow; responsibility
+had come with its stimulating spur, and the ardent delight
+of battle in a great crusade. New powers she had discovered
+in herself, new possibilities in the world around her. She was ready
+for her 'adventure brave and new.' Rabbi Ben Ezra had waited
+for death to open the gate to it, but to Hildeguard it seemed that
+she was in the midst of it now, that 'adventure brave and new' in
+which death itself was also an adventure.</p>
+
+<p>"'The Power of an Endless Life'&mdash;the words seemed to
+hover around her, just eluding her grasp, just beyond her
+comprehension, yet something of their significance she seemed
+to catch. She remembered the flash of intuition as she
+stood beside Frances' newly-made grave, but she realized, her
+eyes on the old pictures, that it would take &aelig;ons to understand
+all it meant, to exhaust all the wonder of the idea. She could only
+bring to it her undeveloped powers of thought and of imagination,
+but she knew that stretching away, hid in an inexpressible light,
+lay depths undreamt of. To her nineteenth-century intellect life
+could only mean evolution&mdash;life ever taking to itself new forms,
+developing itself in new ways. At the bed-rock of all her thought
+lay the consciousness of 'the Power not ourselves, which makes for
+Righteousness.'</p>
+
+<p>"No mystic she, to whom an ineffable union with the Highest
+was the goal of all. Never even distantly did she reach to
+that idea. Rather she was one of God's simple-hearted soldiers,
+who took her orders and stood to her post. The words thrilled her,
+not with the prospect of rest, but with the excitement of advance,
+'an Endless Life' with ever new possibilities of growth and of
+achievement, ever greater battles to be fought for the right, and
+always new hopes of happiness. Doubtingly and hesitatingly she
+committed herself to the thought, conscious that it had been forming<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span>
+slowly and unregarded in the strenuous months that lay behind her,
+through the long years, ever since the first seemingly hopeless 'good-bye'
+had wrung her heart. She began dimly to feel the 'power' of
+the idea, the life of which she was the holder, only 'part of a greater
+whole.' Earth itself only a step in a great progression. Ever upward,
+ever onward, marching towards some 'Divine far-off event,
+to which the whole creation moves.'"</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>If another pen than Elsie Inglis's had drawn the picture
+we should have said it was one of herself. Surely
+she was able to weave around her heroine, from the
+depth of her own inner experiences of solved problems,
+the mantle of joy and freedom with which she herself
+was clothed.</p>
+
+<p>The causes to which Elsie Inglis became a tower of
+strength; the "nation she twice saved from despair";
+the many children, not only those in her own connection,
+on whom she lavished love and care, are the witnesses
+to-day of the completeness and the splendour of her
+power to mould each adverse circumstance in her life and
+make it yield a great advantage.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VI" id="CHAPTER_VI"></a>CHAPTER VI</h2>
+
+<h3>"HER CHILDREN"</h3>
+
+<p>"Wonderful courage," "intrepidity of action," "strength
+of purpose," "no weakening pity"&mdash;these are terms that
+are often used in describing Elsie Inglis. But there is
+another side to her character, not so well known, from
+its very nature bound to be less known, which it is the
+purpose of this chapter to discover.</p>
+
+<p>Elsie Inglis was a very loving woman, and she was a
+child-lover. From every source that touched her life,
+and, touching it, brought her into contact with child-life,
+she, by her interest in children, drew to herself this healing
+link with the future. The children of her poorer
+patients knew well the place they held in her heart. "They
+would watch from the windows, on her dispensary days,
+for her, and she would wave to them across the street.
+She would often stop them in the street, and ask after
+their mother, and even after she had been to Serbia and
+had returned to Edinburgh she remembered them and
+their home affairs."<a name="FNanchor_11_11" id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a></p>
+
+<p>The daily letters to her father, written from Glasgow
+and London and Dublin, are full of stories about the
+children of her patients. Who but a genuine child-lover
+could have found time to write to a little niece, under
+twelve, letters from Serbia and Russia&mdash;one in August,
+1915, during "The Long, Peaceful Summer," and the
+other in an ambulance train near Odessa?</p>
+
+<p>Her book, <i>The Story of a Modern Woman</i>, contains
+many descriptions which reveal a mind to whom the ways
+of children are of deep interest. We draw once more
+from the pages of the novel, as in no other way can we
+show so well the mother-heart that was hers.</p>
+
+<p>One of Hildeguard's friends, dying in India, leaves<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span>
+three small children, whom she commends to her pity.
+Hildeguard's heart responds at once, and the orphans
+find their home with her. Her first meeting with the
+frightened children and their black nurse is described in
+detail:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"'Just let's wait a minute or two,' said Hildeguard. 'Let them
+get used to me. Well, Baby,' she said, turning to the ayah, and
+holding out her arms.</p>
+
+<p>"With a great leap and a gurgle Baby precipitated himself
+towards her, his strong little hands clutching uncertainly at the
+brooch at her throat. Then the buttons distracted him, and then,
+after a serious look at her face, his eyes suddenly caught sight of
+the hat above it, and the irresistible gleam of some ornament on
+it. With wildly working hands he pulled himself to his feet, and,
+with one fat little hand on her face, grabbed at the shining jet.</p>
+
+<p>"Hildeguard, laughing, and submitting herself half resistingly to
+the onslaught, felt her hat dragged sideways by the uncertain little
+hand.</p>
+
+<p>"She held the little one close to her, still laughing, kissing the
+firm little arms and hands, and talking baby nonsense as if it had
+been her mother-tongue for years.</p>
+
+<p>"The brooch again caught Baby's eye, and he made another
+determined raid on it. He seized it and pricked his finger. Down
+went the corners of his mouth.</p>
+
+<p>"'There now,' said Hildeguard, 'I knew you'd do that, you
+duckie boy,' kissing the pricked hand over and over again. 'And
+good little sonnie is not to cry. A watch is much safer than a
+brooch: now let's see if we can get at it,' feeling in her belt.</p>
+
+<p>"The watch was grabbed at and went straight to his mouth.</p>
+
+<p>"'Does your watch blow open?' asked Rex.</p>
+
+<p>"'Come and see,' said Hildeguard.</p>
+
+<p>"Rex came without a moment's hesitation. Eileen was forgotten
+in the interest of a new investigation. The watch did blow open.
+How exceedingly exciting! He leaned both arms on Hildeguard's
+knee while he defended the watch from Baby's greedy attacks.
+Then he suddenly remembered something of more importance.</p>
+
+<p>"'I've got a watch too.' He wriggled wildly with excitement,
+and pulled out a Waterbury.</p>
+
+<p>"'Well, you are a lucky boy!' said Hildeguard.</p>
+
+<p>"Eileen had come forward too, but Hildeguard waited for her
+to speak before noticing the advance. Rex was standing near to
+her, pointing out the beauties of the watch, the hands, etc.</p>
+
+<p>"'And&mdash;and&mdash;bigger like that'&mdash;stretching his arms wide&mdash;'bigger
+like that than your watch.'</p>
+
+<p>"'Your watch,' said Eileen, 'is little and tiny, like Mummy's
+watch. But Mummy's watch pins on here,' dabbing at Hildeguard's
+blouse. Then suddenly she raised swimming eyes to Hildeguard's:
+'I do want Mummy,' she said.</p>
+
+<p>"'Darling,' cried Hildeguard, catching Baby with her right
+arm, so as to free the other to draw Eileen to her&mdash;'Darling, so we
+all do.'"</p></blockquote><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>It is a simple account of the little ways of shy children.
+Many a mother could have written it equally well.</p>
+
+<p>But the interest of Elsie Inglis's descriptions of
+children lies in the fact that they come from the pen of
+a woman of action, a woman of iron nerve, and they give
+us the other side of her character.</p>
+
+<p>And then&mdash;she was a woman whom no child called
+mother! But thank God the instinct is not one that can
+be dammed up or lost, and in these writings we get a
+glimpse of that motherhood which was hers, and which
+her life showed to be deep enough and wide enough to
+sweep under its wing the human souls, men, women, and
+children, who, passing near it, and being in need, cried
+out for help, and never cried in vain. To quote a
+fellow-woman:</p>
+
+<p>"The emotions which are the strongest force in a
+woman must not live in the past; they must not be used
+introspectively, nor for personal pleasure and gratification.
+Used thus, they destroy the woman and weaken
+the race. But <i>flung forward</i>, flung into interests outside
+of the woman herself, and thus transmuted into power,
+they become to her her salvation, and to the race a constructive
+element."</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTE:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> <i>Dr. Elsie Inglis</i>, by Lady Frances Balfour.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VII" id="CHAPTER_VII"></a>CHAPTER VII</h2>
+
+<h3>THE HOSPICE</h3>
+
+<p>During her medical career Dr. Inglis never lost sight
+of one aim, equal opportunity for the woman with the
+man in all branches of education and practical training
+and responsibility. She recognized that young women
+doctors in Edinburgh suffered under a serious disadvantage
+in being ineligible for the post of resident medical
+officer in the Royal Infirmary and the chief maternity
+hospital. "But," writes a friend, "it was characteristic
+of her and her inherent inability to visualize obstacles
+except as incentive to greater effort that she set herself
+to remedy this disadvantage instead of accepting it as
+an insurmountable difficulty. <i>Women doctors must
+found a maternity hospital of their own.</i> That was her
+first decision. A committee was formed, and the public
+responded generously to an appeal for funds." Through
+the kindness of Dr. Hugh Barbour, a house in George
+Square was put at the committee's disposal. But Dr.
+Inglis felt that it must be near the homes of the poor
+women who needed its shelter, and after four years a
+site was chosen in the historic High Street. Three
+stories in a huge "tenement," reached by a narrow winding
+stair, were adapted, and The Hospice opened its
+doors.</p>
+
+<p>It was opened in 1901 as a hospital for women, with a
+dispensary and out-patient department, admitting cases
+of accident and general illness as well as maternity
+patients. After nine years, it was decided to draft the
+general cases from the district to the Edinburgh Hospital
+for Women and Children, and The Hospice devoted
+all its beds to maternity cases.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="gs053.jpg" id="gs053.jpg"></a><img src="images/gs053.jpg" width='427' height='700' alt="THE HOSPICE, HIGH STREET, EDINBURGH" /></p>
+
+<p class="right"><i>Photo by D. Scott</i></p>
+
+<h4>THE HOSPICE, HIGH STREET, EDINBURGH</h4>
+
+<p>As soon as the admission book showed a steady intake
+of patients, Dr. Inglis applied for and secured recogni<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span>tion
+as a lecturer for the Central Midwifery Board, in
+order to be in a position to admit resident pupils (nurses
+and students) to The Hospice for practical instruction in
+midwifery. She at the same time applied to the University
+of Edinburgh for recognition as an extramural lecturer
+on gyn&aelig;cology. Recognition was granted, and for
+some years she lectured, using The Hospice or the Edinburgh
+Hospital for Women and Children at Bruntsfield
+Place for her practical instruction.</p>
+
+<p>A woman doctor writes: "In thus starting a maternity
+hospital in the heart of this poor district she showed the
+understanding born of her long experience in the High
+Street and her great sympathy for all women in their
+hour of need. Single-handed she developed a maternity
+indoor and district service, training her nurses herself in
+anticipation of the extension of the Midwives Act to
+Scotland. Never too tired to turn out at night as well
+as by day, cheerfully taking on the necessary lecturing,
+she always worked to lay such a foundation that a properly
+equipped maternity hospital would be the natural
+outcome."</p>
+
+<p>Though hampered by lack of money and suitable assistance,
+she was never daunted, and in a characteristic way
+insisted that all necessary medical requirements should
+be met, whatever the expense. She worked at The
+Hospice with devotion. Though cherishing always her
+aim of an institution which, while serving the poor,
+should provide a training for women doctors, she threw
+herself heart and soul into the work because she loved it
+for its own sake, and she loved her poor patients.</p>
+
+<p>In 1913 Dr. Inglis went to America, and her letters
+were full of her plans for further development on her
+return. At Muskegon, Michigan, she found a small
+memorial hospital, of which she wrote enthusiastically
+as the exact thing she wanted for midwifery in Edinburgh.</p>
+
+<p>On returning from America, for a time she was far
+from well, and one of her colleagues, in September,
+1913, urged her to forgo her hard work at The Hospice,
+begging her to take things more easily.</p>
+
+<p>Her reply, in a moment of curious concentration and
+earnestness, was characteristic: "Give me one more<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span>
+year; I know there is a future there, and someone will
+be found to take it on." A year later, when it seemed
+inevitable that it must come to an end with her
+departure for Serbia, those interested in The Hospice
+passed through deep waters in saving it, but the unanswerable
+argument against closing its doors was
+always that big circle of patients, often pleading her
+name, flocking up its stair, certain of help.</p>
+
+<p>"Three things foreseen by Dr. Inglis have happened
+since her departure:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"1. The extension of the Midwives Act to Scotland,
+establishing recognized training centres for
+midwifery nursing.</p>
+
+<p>"2. The extension of Notification of Births Act,
+making State co-operation in maternity service
+possible.</p>
+
+<p>"3. The admission of women medical students to
+the University, making an opportunity for
+midwifery training in Edinburgh of immediate
+and paramount importance.</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>"The relation of The Hospice to these three events is
+as follows:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"1. It is now fourth on the list of recognized training
+centres in Scotland, following the three
+large maternity hospitals.</p>
+
+<p>"2. It is incorporated in the Maternity and Child
+Welfare scheme of Edinburgh, which assists
+in out-patient work, though not in the provision
+of beds.</p>
+
+<p>"3. It has full scope under the Ordinances of the
+Scottish Universities to train women medical
+students in Clinical Midwifery if it had a sufficient
+number of beds.</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>"The Hospice has the distinction of being the only
+maternity training centre run by women in Scotland.
+From this point of view it is of great value to women
+students, affording them opportunities of study denied
+to them in other maternity hospitals.</p>
+
+<p>"To those of her friends who knew her Edinburgh
+life intimately, Elsie Inglis's love of The Hospice was the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span>
+love of a mother for her child. She was never too tired
+or too busy to respond to any demand its patients made
+upon her time and energy, always ready to go anywhere
+in crowded close, or remote tenement, if it was to see a
+mother who had once been an in-patient there or a baby
+born within its walls. True, Dr. Inglis saw The Hospice
+with romantic eyes, with that vision of future perfection
+which is the seal of pure romance in motherhood.
+Because of this she cheerfully accepted those cramped
+and inconvenient flats, reached by the narrow common
+stair which vanishes past The Hospice door in a corkscrew
+flight to regions under the roof. Inconvenience
+and straitened quarters were as nothing, for was not
+her Nursing Home exactly where she wished it, with the
+ebb and flow of the High Street at its feet? Dr. Inglis
+always rejoiced greatly in the High Street, in the charm
+of the precincts of St. Giles, that ineffable Heart of Midlothian,
+serenely catholic, brooding upon the motley life
+that has surged for centuries about its doors. Here,
+where she loved to be, The Hospice is finding a new
+home, an adequate building, modern equipment, and
+endowed beds, and it will stand a living memorial, communicating
+to all who pass in and out of its doors, to
+women in need, to women strong to help, the inspiration
+of Dr. Elsie Inglis's ideal of service."</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VIII" id="CHAPTER_VIII"></a>CHAPTER VIII</h2>
+
+<h3>THE SUFFRAGE CAMPAIGN</h3>
+
+<p>The question of Woman's Suffrage had always interested
+Dr. Inglis, for the justice of the claim had from the first
+appealed to her. But it was not until after 1900 that the
+Women's Movement took possession of her. From that
+time onward, till the Scottish Women's Hospitals claimed
+her in the war, the cause of Woman's Suffrage demanded
+and was granted a place in her life beside that occupied
+by her profession. Indeed, the very practice of her profession
+added fuel to the flame that the longing for the
+Suffrage had kindled in her heart. A doctor sees much
+of the intimate life of her patients, and as Dr. Inglis
+went from patient to patient, conditions amongst both
+the poor and the rich&mdash;intolerable conditions&mdash;would
+raise haunting thoughts that followed her about in her
+work, and questions again and again start up to which
+only the Suffrage could give the answer. The Suffrage
+flame with her, as with many other women and men, was
+really one which religion tended; it was religious conviction
+which mastered her and made her eager and dauntless
+in the fight. She always worked from the constitutional
+point of view, and was an admirer and follower of
+Mrs. Fawcett throughout the campaign.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"As she threw herself into this new interest she found a gale of
+fresh air blowing through her life. It was almost as if she had
+awakened on a new morning. The sunshine flooded every nook and
+corner of her dwelling, and even old things looked different in the
+new light. Not the least of these impressions was due to the new
+friendships; women whose life-work was farthest from her own,
+whose point of view was diametrically opposite to hers, suddenly
+drew up beside her in the march as comrades. She felt as if she
+had got a wider outlook over the world, as if in her upward climb
+she had reached a spur on the hillside, and a new view of the
+landscape spread itself at her feet.</p>
+
+<p>"As she had once said, fate had placed her in the van of
+a great movement, but she herself clung to old forms and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span>
+old ways&mdash;a new thing she instinctively avoided. It took
+her long to adjust herself to a new point of view. But here,
+in this absorbing interest, she forgot everything but the object.
+Her eyes had suddenly been opened to what it meant to be a citizen
+of Britain, and in the overpowering sense of responsibility that
+came with the revelation her timorous clinging to old ways had
+slackened.</p>
+
+<p>"Not the least part of the interest of the new life was the feeling
+of being at the centre of things. People whose names had been
+household words since babyhood became living entities. She
+not only saw the men and women who were moulding our
+generation: she met them at tea, she talked intimately with them
+at dinners, and she actually argued with them at Council meetings."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Thus Elsie Inglis describes in her writings her heroine
+Hildeguard's entrance into "the great crusade." The
+description may be taken as true of her own feelings
+when caught by the ideal of the movement.</p>
+
+<p>The following words which she puts into the mouth
+of a Suffrage speaker are evidently her own reflections
+on the subject of the Suffrage:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"'I don't think for a moment that the millennium will come in
+with the vote,' she smiled, after a little pause. 'But our faces,
+the faces of the human race, have always been set towards the
+millennium, haven't they? And this will be one great step towards
+it. It is always difficult to make a move forward, for it implies
+criticism of the past, and of the good men and true who have brought
+the people up to that especial point. However gently the change is
+made, that element must be there, for there is always a sense of
+struggle in changing from the old to the new. I do not think we
+are nearly careful enough to make it quite clear that we do not
+hold that we women <i>alone</i> could have done a bit better&mdash;that we are
+proud of the great work our men have done. We speak only of the
+mistakes, not of the great achievements; only I do think the mistakes
+need not have been there if we had worked at it together!'</p>
+
+<p>"The salvation of the world was wrapped up in the gospel she
+preached. Many of the audience were caught in the swirl as she
+spoke. Love and amity, the common cause of healthier homes and
+happier people and a stronger Empire, the righting of all wrongs,
+and the strengthening of all right&mdash;all this was wrapped up in the
+vote."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>In the early years of this century Suffrage societies
+were scattered all over Scotland, and it began to be felt
+that much of their work was lost from want of co-operation;
+it was therefore decided in 1906 that all the
+societies should form a federation, to be called the Scottish
+Federation of Women's Suffrage Societies.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>During the preliminary work Mrs. James T. Hunter
+acted as Hon. Secretary, but after the headquarters were
+established in Edinburgh Dr. Inglis was asked and consented
+to be Hon. Secretary, with Miss Lamont as Organizing
+Secretary. There is no doubt that after its formation
+the success of the Federation was largely due to
+Dr. Inglis's power of leadership.</p>
+
+<p>She cheered the faithful&mdash;if sometimes despondent&mdash;suffragists
+in widely scattered centres; she despised the
+difficulties of travel in the north, and over moor, mountain,
+and sea she went, till she had planted the Suffrage
+flag in far-off Shetland. In her many journeys all over
+Scotland, speaking for the Suffrage cause, Dr. Inglis herself
+penetrated to the islands of Orkney and Shetland.
+A very flourishing Society existed in the Orkneys.</p>
+
+<p>The following letter from Dr. Inglis to the Honorary
+Secretary there is characteristic, and will recall her vividly
+to those who knew her. The arrival for the meeting by
+the last train; the early start back next morning; the
+endeavour to see her friend's daughter, who she remembers
+is in Dollar; the light-heartedness over "disasters
+in the House" (evidently the setback to some Suffrage
+Bill in the House of Commons)&mdash;these are all like
+Elsie Inglis. So, too, are her praise of the Federation
+secretaries, her eager looking forward to the procession,
+and the request for the "beautiful banner"!</p>
+
+<blockquote><p class='right'>1913.</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Dear Mrs. Cursiter</span>,</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, I had remembered your daughter is at Dollar, and I
+shall certainly look out for her at the meeting. Unfortunately, I
+never have time to stay in a place, at one of these meetings, and see
+people. It would often be so pleasant. This time I arrive in Dollar
+at 6 p.m. and leave about 8 the next morning. I have to leave by
+these early trains for my work.</p>
+
+<p>"It was delightful getting your offer of an organizer's salary for
+some work in Orkney. Our secretaries have been most extraordinarily
+unconcerned over disasters in the House! Not one of
+you has suggested depression, and most of you have promptly proposed
+new work! That is the sort of spirit that wins.</p>
+
+<p>"I shall let you know definitely about an organizer soon.</p>
+
+<p>"At the Executive on Saturday it was decided to have a procession
+in Edinburgh during the Assembly week. We shall want you
+and your beautiful banner! You'll get full particulars soon.</p>
+
+<p class='right'>"Yours very sincerely, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<br />
+"<span class="smcap">Elsie Maud Inglis</span>."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span>One of the Federation organizers who worked under
+Dr. Inglis for years gives us some indication of her qualities
+as a leader:</p>
+
+<p>"Though it was not unknown that Dr. Inglis had an
+extraordinary influence over young people, it was amazing
+to find how many letters were received after her
+death from young women in various parts of the kingdom,
+who wrote to express what they owed to her sympathy
+and encouragement.</p>
+
+<p>"To be a leader one must be able not only to inspire
+confidence in the leader, but to give to those who follow
+confidence in themselves, and this, I think, was one of
+Dr. Inglis's most outstanding qualities. She would
+select one of her workers, and after unfolding her plans
+to her, would quietly say, 'Now, my dear, I want you to
+undertake that piece of work for me.' As often as not the
+novice's breath was completely taken away; she would
+demur, and remark that she was afraid she was not quite
+the right person to be entrusted with that special piece
+of work. Then the Chief would give her one of those
+winning smiles which none could resist, and tell her she
+was quite confident she would not fail. The desired
+result was usually attained, and the young worker gained
+more confidence in herself. If, on the other hand, the
+worker failed to complete her task satisfactorily, Dr.
+Inglis would discuss the matter with her. She might
+condemn, but never unjustly, and would then arrange
+another opportunity for the worker in a different department
+of the work.</p>
+
+<p>"From those with whom she worked daily she expected
+great things. She was herself an unceasing worker,
+well-nigh indefatigable. It was no easy matter to work
+under 'the Chief's' direction; the possibility of failure
+never entered into her calculations."</p>
+
+<p>One of the finest speakers in the Suffrage cause, who
+with her husband worked hard in the campaign, frequently
+stayed with Dr. Inglis. She writes thus of her:</p>
+
+<p>"With me it is always most difficult to speak about
+the things upon which I feel the most deeply. Elsie
+Inglis is a case in point. She was dearer to me than she
+ever knew and than I can make you believe. She is one
+of the most precious memories I possess, the mere<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span>
+thought of her and her tireless devotion to her fellows
+being the strongest inspiration to effort and achievement.</p>
+
+<p>"She was the Edinburgh hostess for most of the
+Woman Suffrage propagandists, and we all have the
+same story to tell. Doubtless you have already had it
+from others. Every comfort she denied herself she
+scrupulously provided for her guests, whom she treated
+as though they were more tired than herself. Usually
+she was at her medical work till within a few minutes of
+the evening meal, would rush home and eat it with us,
+take us to the meeting afterwards, frequently take a part
+in it, and bring her guests home to the rest she was not
+always permitted to take herself. And through it all
+there was no variation in her wonderful manner&mdash;all
+brightness, affection, and warm energy.</p>
+
+<p>"The last time I saw her was in the Waverley station.
+She was returning shortly to her work abroad, while I was
+on my way to address a public meeting in Dundee on the
+need for attempting to negotiate peace. It was the time
+when everybody who dared to breathe the word 'peace,'
+much more those who tried to stop the slaughter of men,
+were denounced as traitors and pro-Germans. It was
+the time when one's nearest and dearest failed to understand.
+But <i>she</i> understood. And she broke into a busy
+morning's work to come down to the train to shake my
+hand. What we said was very little; but the look and the
+hand-clasp were sufficient. We knew ourselves to be
+serving the same God of Love and Mercy, and that knowledge
+made the bonds between us indissoluble. I never
+saw nor had word with her again.</p>
+
+<p>"It is easy to say, what is true, that the world's women
+owe to Dr. Elsie Inglis a debt of gratitude they can
+never repay. But I am convinced in my own soul that
+the reward she would have chosen, if compelled to make
+the choice, would have been that all who feel that her
+work was of worth should join hands in an effort to rid
+the world of those evils which make men and women hate
+and kill one another."</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Inglis did not see with the pacifists of the last five
+years. But in this tribute to her is shown her open-mindedness
+and tolerance of another's views, even on
+this cleaving difference of opinion.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>A woman of great distinction&mdash;and not only in the
+Suffrage movement&mdash;says:</p>
+
+<p>"When I was working for the Suffrage movement in
+the years before the war, one of the most impressive personalities
+that I came into touch with was that of Dr.
+Elsie Inglis. She was then the leading spirit in our
+movement in Edinburgh, and when I went to speak there,
+or in the neighbourhood, she always used to put me up.
+I have never met anyone who seemed to me more absolutely
+single-minded and single-hearted in her devotion
+to a cause which appealed to her. She was eminently a
+feminist, and to her feminism she subordinated everything
+else. No consideration for her health, for her
+position, for her practice, ever stood in the way of any
+call that came to her. She was untiring, and that at a
+time when our cause was not popular everywhere, and
+when her position as a medical woman might easily have
+been affected by its unpopularity.</p>
+
+<p>"I remember one night especially, when we were going
+out in a motor-car to some rather remote place, in very
+stormy weather. It howled and rained and was pitch
+dark. Suddenly we ran, or nearly ran, into a great tree
+which had been blown down across the road. It had
+brought with it a mass of telegraph wire, and altogether
+afforded an apparently complete 'barrage.' We were
+still some six or seven miles from our destination, and
+were wearing evening frocks and thin shoes. We got
+out and wrestled with the obstacle, and when at one time
+it seemed quite hopeless to get the car through, and I
+suggested that she and I would have to walk, I shall
+never forget the look of approval that she turned on me.
+As a matter of fact, I doubt very much whether I really
+<i>could</i> have walked. I am a little lame, and the circumstances
+made it almost an impossibility. But the determination
+of Dr. Inglis that somehow we <i>should</i> get to
+our meeting infected me, and, like many others who have
+followed her since, I felt able to achieve the impossible.</p>
+
+<p>"It is true that Dr. Inglis seemed to me&mdash;since, after
+all, she was human&mdash;to have the faults of her qualities.
+No consideration of herself prevented her complete devotion
+to her work. I sometimes felt that there was an
+element of relentlessness in this devotion, which would<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span>
+have allowed her to sacrifice not only other people, but
+even perhaps considerations which it is not easy to believe
+ought to be sacrificed. It is extraordinarily difficult to
+judge how far any end may justify any given means. It
+is, of course, a shallow judgment which dismisses this
+dilemma as one easily solved. Rather, I have always
+felt it exceedingly difficult, at any rate to an intellect that
+is subtle as well as powerful. I am reminded, in thinking
+of Dr. Inglis, of the controversy between Kingsley
+and Newman, from which it appears that Charles Kingsley
+thought it a very easy matter to tell the truth, and
+Newman found it a very difficult one. One's judgment
+of the two will, of course, vary, but I personally have
+always felt that Newman understood the truth more perfectly
+than Kingsley; understood, for instance, that it
+takes two people to tell it (one to speak and one to hear
+aright), and that this was why he realized its difficulty.
+So with Dr. Inglis; I do not suppose she ever hesitated
+when once convinced of the goodness of her cause, but I
+confess that I have sometimes wished that she could have
+hesitated.</p>
+
+<p>"It is a graceless task to suggest spots in so excellent
+a sun, and we feminists who worked with her and loved
+her can never be glad enough or proud enough that the
+world now knows the greatness of her quality."</p>
+
+<p>Again, an organizer who worked constantly with Dr.
+Inglis before the war, and who later raised large sums
+for the Scottish Women's Hospitals in India and Australia,
+writes:</p>
+
+<p>"You have asked me for some personal memories of
+my dear Dr. Elsie Inglis, for some of those little incidents
+that often reveal a character more vividly than much
+description and explanation. And to me, at least, it is in
+some of those little memories that the Dr. Inglis I loved
+lives most vividly. What I mean is that her splendid
+public work, in medicine, in Suffrage, in that magnificent
+triumph of the Scottish Women's Hospitals&mdash;they were
+<i>her</i> hospitals&mdash;is there for all the world to see and honour.
+But the things behind all that, the character that
+conquered, the spirit that aspired, the incredible courage,
+optimism, indomitability of that individuality, the very
+self from which the work sprang&mdash;all that, it seems to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span>
+me, had to be gathered in and understood from the tiny
+incident, the word, the glance.</p>
+
+<p>"There stands out in my mind my first meeting with
+Dr. Inglis. The scene was dismal and depressing enough.
+It was an empty shop in an Edinburgh Street turned into
+a Suffrage committee-room during an election. Outside
+the rain drizzled; inside the meagre fire smoked; there
+was a general air of lifelessness over everything. I wondered,
+ignorant and uninitiated in organizing and election
+work, when something definite would happen. Giving
+away sodden handbills in the street did not seem a very
+vigorous or practical piece of work.</p>
+
+<p>"Suddenly the doors swung open and Dr. Inglis came
+into that dull place, and with her there came the very
+feeling of movement, vitality, action. She had come to
+arrange speakers for the various schoolroom election
+meetings to be held that night. The list of meeting-places
+was arranged; then came the choice and disposal
+of the speakers. Without hesitation, Dr. Inglis grouped
+them; with just one look round at those present, and
+another, well into her own mind, at those not present who
+could be press-ganged! At last she turned to me and
+said, 'And you will speak with Miss X. at &mdash;&mdash;' I was
+horrified. 'But I must explain,' I said; 'I am quite
+"new." I don't speak at all. I have never spoken.' I
+can imagine a hundred people answering my very decided
+utterance in a hundred different ways. But I cannot
+imagine anyone but Dr. Inglis answering as she answered.
+There was just the jolliest, cheeriest laugh and, 'Oh, but
+you <i>must</i> speak.' That was all. And the remarkable
+thing was that, though I had sworn to myself that I would
+never utter a word in public without proper training, I
+did speak that night. It never occurred to me to refuse.
+Confidence begat confidence. It was during this time
+of work with Dr. Inglis that I began really to understand
+and appreciate that wonderful character.</p>
+
+<p>"Another incident runs into my memory, of desperate,
+agonizing days in Glasgow, when Suffrage was unpopular
+and the funds in our exchequer were very low. How
+well I remember writing to Dr. Inglis at the ridiculous
+hour of two in the morning, that we must get some
+money, and that I should get certain introductions and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span>
+do a lecturing tour in New York and try to make Suffrage
+'fashionable.' The answer came by return of post,
+and was deliciously typical. 'My dear, your idea is so
+absolutely mad that it must be thoroughly sane. Come
+and talk it over.'</p>
+
+<p>"It was a happiness to work with Dr. Inglis, for her
+confidence, once given, was complete. There were no
+petty inquiries or pedantic regulations. 'Do it your
+own way,' was the one comment on a plan of organization
+once it was settled.</p>
+
+<p>"Dr. Inglis was one to whom the words 'can't' and
+'impossible' really and literally had no meaning; and
+those who worked with her had to 'unlearn' them, and
+they did. It did, indeed, seem 'impossible' to leave for
+India at ten days' notice to carry on negotiations for the
+Scottish Women's Hospitals and raise an Indian fund,
+especially when one had been in no way officially or
+intimately connected with the Hospitals' work. And to
+be told on the telephone, too, that one 'must' go. That
+was adorably Dr. Inglis-ish. I laughed with glee at
+the very ridiculous, fantastic impossibility of the whole
+thing&mdash;and promptly went! And how I looked forward
+to seeing Dr. Inglis on my return! When she saw me
+off at Waterloo in 1916, and, still fearfully ignorant of
+what awaited one, I wailed at the eleventh hour (literally,
+for we were in the railway carriage), 'But where am I
+to stay and where am I to go?' 'Don't worry,' said Dr.
+Inglis, with that sublime faith and optimism of hers;
+'they'll put you up and pass you on. Good-bye, my
+dear. <i>It will be all right</i>.' And so it was. But one has
+missed the telling of it all to her; the hard things and the
+good things and the dreadfully funny things. For she
+would have appreciated every bit of it, and entered into
+every detail."</p>
+
+<p class='tbrk'>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>During the years of that great campaign, Dr. Inglis
+spoke, pleading the cause of Suffrage, at hundreds of
+meetings all over the United Kingdom. At one large
+meeting she had occasion to deal with the problem of
+the "outcast woman." She referred to the statement
+once made that no woman would be safe unless this
+class existed.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Then she said: "If this were true, the price of safety
+is too high. I, for one, would choose to go down with
+the minority."</p>
+
+<p>It is difficult to declare which was the more impressive,
+the silence&mdash;one that could be felt&mdash;which followed the
+words, or the burst of applause which came a moment
+later. But to one onlooker, from the platform, the predominant
+feeling was wonder at the amazing power of
+the woman. Without raising her voice, or putting into
+it any emotion beyond the involuntary momentary break
+at the beginning of the sentence, she had, by the transparent
+sincerity of her feeling, conveyed such an impression
+to that large audience as few there would forget.
+The subtle response drawn from those hundreds of
+women to the woman herself, to the personality of the
+speaker, was for the moment even more real than the
+outward response given to the idea. More than one
+woman there that day could have said in the words of
+the British Tommy, who had heard for the first time the
+story of Serbia, "It would not be difficult to follow her!"</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_IX" id="CHAPTER_IX"></a>CHAPTER IX</h2>
+
+<h3>THE SCOTTISH WOMEN'S HOSPITALS</h3>
+
+<blockquote><p>"<i>From the first the personality of Dr. Inglis was the main asset in this
+splendid venture. She continued to be its inspiration to the end.</i>"</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>August, 1914, found many a man and woman unconsciously
+prepared and ready for the testing time ahead.
+Elsie Inglis was one of these.</p>
+
+<p>It is interesting to note that Dr. Inglis completed her
+fiftieth year in the August that war broke out. She
+started on her great work of the next years with all the
+vigour and freshness of youth.</p>
+
+<p>In her own words, already quoted, we can describe
+her at the beginning of the war:</p>
+
+<p>"Her ship was flying over a sunlit sea, the good wind
+bulging out the canvas. She felt the thrill and excitement
+of adventure in her veins as she stood at the helm
+and gazed across the dancing waters.... Joy had done
+its work, and sorrow and responsibility had come with
+its stimulating spur, and the ardent delight of battle in a
+great crusade....</p>
+
+<p>"New powers she had discovered in herself, new
+responsibilities in the life around her.... She was
+ready for her 'adventure brave and new.' Rabbi Ben
+Ezra waited for death to open the gate to it, but to her
+it seemed that she was in the midst of it now, that 'adventure
+brave and new' <i>in which death itself was also to be
+an adventure</i>.... 'The Power of an Endless Life.'
+The words thrilled her, not with the prospects of rest,
+but with the excitement of advance...."</p>
+
+<p>War was declared on August 4. On the 10th the idea
+of the Scottish Women's Hospitals&mdash;hospitals staffed
+entirely by women&mdash;had been mooted at the committee<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span>
+meeting of the Scottish Federation of Women's Suffrage
+Societies. Once the idea was given expression to,
+nothing was able to stop its growth. A special Scottish
+Women's Hospital committee was formed out of members
+of the Federation and Dr. Inglis's personal friends.
+Meetings were organized all over the country; an appeal
+for funds was sent broadcast over Scotland; money
+began to flow in; the scheme was taken up by the whole
+body of the N.U.W.S.S.<a name="FNanchor_12_12" id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a> Mrs. Fawcett wrote approvingly.
+The Scottish Women's Hospitals Committee at
+their headquarters in Edinburgh divided up into subcommittees:
+equipment, uniforms, cars, personnel, and
+so on. Offers for service came in every day, until soon
+over 400 names were waiting the choice of the personnel
+committee. The headquarters offices in 2, St. Andrew
+Square became a busy hive. Enthusiasm was written on
+the face of every worker. By the end of November the
+first fully equipped Unit, under Miss Ivens of Liverpool
+was on its way to the old Abbey of Royaumont
+in France. Dr. Alice Hutchison with ten nurses was
+in Calais working under the Belgian surgeon, Dr.
+de Page. A second Unit as well equipped as the first
+was almost ready to start for Serbia. It sailed in the
+beginning of January, under Dr. Eleanor Soltau, Dr.
+Inglis herself following in the April of 1915.</p>
+
+<p>But even with all this dispatch, the S.W.H. were not
+the first Women's Hospital in the field. As early as September,
+1914, Dr. Flora Murray and Dr. Louisa Garrett
+Anderson had taken a Unit, staffed entirely by women,
+to Paris, where they did excellent work.</p>
+
+<p>Until Dr. Inglis's departure for Serbia, her whole time
+and strength and boundless energy had been thrown
+into the building up of the organization of the Scottish
+Women's Hospitals. She addressed countless meetings
+all over the Kingdom, making the scheme known and
+appealing for money, and at the same time her insight
+and enthusiasm never ceased to be the mainspring of the
+activity at the office in Edinburgh, where the heart of the
+Scottish Women's Hospitals was to be found. Miss
+Mair describes Dr. Inglis during these months thus:</p>
+
+<p>"A certain stir of feeling might be perceptible in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span>
+busy hive at the office of organization when a specially
+energetic visit of the Chief had been paid. Had the impossible
+been accomplished? If not, why? Who had
+failed in performance? Take the task from her; give it
+to another. No excuses in war-time, no weakness to be
+tolerated&mdash;onward, ever onward.</p>
+
+<p>"To those inclined to hesitate, or at least to draw
+breath occasionally in the course of their heavy work of
+organizing, raising money, gathering equipment, securing
+transport, passports, and attending to the other
+innumerable secretarial affairs connected with so big a
+task, she showed no weakening pity; the one invariable
+goad applied was ever, 'it is war-time.' No one must
+pause, no one must waver; things must simply be done,
+whether possible or not, and somehow by her inspiration
+they generally were done. In these days of agonizing
+stress she appeared as in herself the very embodiment
+of wireless telegraphy, aeronautic locomotion, with telepathy
+and divination thrown in&mdash;neither time nor space
+was of account. Puck alone could quite have reached
+her standard with his engirdling of the earth in forty
+minutes. Poor limited mortals could but do their best
+with the terrestrial means at their disposal. Possibly at
+times their make-weight steadied the brilliant work of
+their leader."</p>
+
+<p>In a letter to Mrs. Fawcett dated October 4, 1914, she
+says:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"I can think of nothing except those Units just now; and when
+one hears of the awful need, one can hardly sit still till they are
+ready."</p></blockquote>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTE:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_12_12" id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="gs072.jpg" id="gs072.jpg"></a><img src="images/gs072.jpg" width='473' height='700' alt="ELSIE INGLIS FROM A BUST BY THE SERBIAN SCULPTOR IVAN MESTROVIC" /></p>
+
+<h4>ELSIE INGLIS</h4>
+
+<h5>FROM A BUST BY THE SERBIAN SCULPTOR IVAN M&Eacute;STROVIC</h5>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_X" id="CHAPTER_X"></a>CHAPTER X</h2>
+
+<h3>SERBIA</h3>
+
+<p>Serbia in January, 1915, was in a pitiable condition.
+Three wars following in quick succession had devastated
+the land. The Austrians, after their defeat at the Battle of
+the Ridges in October, 1914, had retreated out of the
+country, leaving behind them filthy hospitals crowded
+with wounded, Austrian and Serb alike. The whole land
+has been spoken of as one vast hospital. From this condition
+of things sprang the scourge of typhus which
+started in January, 1915, and swept the land. Dr. Soltau
+and her Unit, arriving in the early part of January, were
+able to take their place in the battle against this scourge.
+Their work lay in Kraguevatz, in the north of Serbia,
+where Dr. Soltau soon had three hospitals under her
+command.</p>
+
+<p>In April Dr. Soltau contracted diphtheria. Dr. Inglis
+was wired for, and left for Serbia in the end of April, 1915.
+She went gaily. There seems no other word to describe
+her attitude of mind&mdash;she was so glad to go. The sufferings
+of the wounded and dying touched her keenly. It
+was not want of sympathy with all the awful misery on
+every hand that made her go with such joy of heart, but
+rather she was glad from the sense that at last she, personally,
+would be "where the need was greatest." This
+had always been her objective.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p class='right'><span class="smcap">The &AElig;gean Sea</span>, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />
+"<i>May 2nd, 1915.</i></p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Dearest Eva</span>,</p>
+
+<p>"We have had a perfectly glorious voyage from Brindisi to
+Athens, all yesterday between the coast and the Greek Islands, and
+then in the Gulf of Corinth. I never remember such a day&mdash;all day
+the sunshine and the beautiful hills, with the clouds capping them,
+or lying on their slopes, and the blue sky above, and blue sea all round.
+Then came the most glorious sunset, and when we came up from
+dinner the sky blazing with stars. We put our chairs back to the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span>
+last notches, and lay looking at them, till a great yellow moon came
+up and flooded the place with light and put the stars out. It was
+glorious....</p>
+
+<p class='right'>"Your loving sister, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<br />
+"<span class="smcap">Elsie Inglis</span>."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>She landed in Serbia when the epidemic of fever had
+been almost overcome, and with the long, peaceful summer
+ahead of her. It is a joy to think of Dr. Inglis all
+that summer. Her letters are full of buoyancy of spirit.
+She was keen about everything. She had left behind her
+a magnificent organization, enthusiastic women in every
+department, the money flowing in, and the scheme meeting
+with more and more approval throughout the country.
+In Serbia she was to find her power of organizing
+given full scope. She had splendid material in the personnel
+of the Scottish Women's Hospitals Units under
+her command. She made many friends&mdash;Sir Ralph
+Paget, Colonel Hunter, Dr. Curcin, Colonel Gentitch,
+and many others. She was in close touch with, was herself
+part of, big schemes, a fact which was exhilarating
+to her. Everything combined to make her happy.</p>
+
+<p>The scheme that eventually took shape was Colonel
+Hunter's. His idea was to have three "blocking hospitals"
+in the north of Serbia, which, when the planned
+autumn offensive of the Serbs took place, would keep all
+infectious diseases from spreading throughout the country.
+Innumerable journeys up and down Serbia were
+taken by Dr. Inglis before the three Scottish Women's
+Hospitals which were to form this blocking line had been
+settled, and were working at Valjevo, Lazaravatz, and
+Mladanovatz. Dr. Alice Hutchison and her Unit, with
+"the finest canvas hospital ever sent to the Balkans,"
+arrived in Serbia shortly after Dr. Inglis. Dr. Hutchison
+was sent to Valjevo; Lazaravatz and Mladanovatz were
+respectively under Dr. Hollway and Dr. McGregor.
+Dr. Inglis herself took over charge of the fever hospitals
+in Kraguevatz, working them as one, so that soon
+there were four efficient Scottish Women's Hospitals
+in Serbia. The Serbian Government gave Dr. Inglis
+a free pass over all the railways. She calls herself
+"extraordinarily lucky" in getting this pass, and writes
+how greatly she enjoys these journeys, how much of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span>
+the country she sees during them, and of the interesting
+people she meets. For the first time in her life she
+had work to do that needed almost the full stretch of her
+powers. And deep at the heart of her joy at this time
+lay her growing love of the Serbs. Something in them
+appealed to her, something in their heroic weakness satisfied
+the yearning of her strength to help and protect.
+She writes glowingly of their soldiers streaming past
+the Scottish Women's Hospitals at Mladanovatz, massing
+on the Danube, "their heads held high." Every letter
+is full of enthusiasm of the country and the people. "God
+bless her," writes a friend; "it was the last really joyous
+time she knew."</p>
+
+<p>Later on the Serbs erected a fountain at Mladanovatz
+in memory of the work done by the Scottish Women's
+Hospitals in Serbia, and in particular by Dr. Inglis. The
+opening ceremony took place in the beginning of September.
+Many people, English and Serbs, were present,
+and a long letter by Dr. Inglis describes the dedication
+service.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"A table covered with a white cloth stood in front of the fountain,
+and on it a silver crucifix, a bowl of water, a long brown candle
+lighted and stuck in a tumbler full of sand, and two bunches of
+basil, one fresh and one dried."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>At the end of the service the priest gave the bunches
+of basil to Dr. Inglis. "These are some of the few
+things," she writes, "which I shall certainly keep always."</p>
+
+<p>The Serbian officer who designed the fountain has
+contributed to this <i>Life</i> the following account of his impressions
+of Dr. Inglis:</p>
+
+<p>"Already five sad and painful years have gone by
+since the time that I had the chance and honour of knowing
+Dr. Elsie Inglis. It is already five years since we
+erected to her&mdash;still in the plenitude of life&mdash;a monument.
+What a prediction! Whence came the inspiration
+of the great soul who was founder of this monument?</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, great and noble soul, there is yet another monument
+created in the hearts of the soldiers and Serbian
+people! And if the pitiless wheel of time crushes the
+first, the second will survive all that is visible and
+material.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"One did not need to be long with Dr. Elsie Inglis to
+see all the grandeur of her soul, her long vision, and her
+attachment to the Serbs. I was not among those who
+chanced to pass some months in her company, but even
+in a few days I soon learnt to recognize her divine nature,
+and to see her relief in all colours.</p>
+
+<p>"After the second big offensive of Germano-Austrian
+forces against Serbia in the autumn of 1914, Dr. Elsie
+Inglis took a great part in working against the various
+epidemics spread by the invasion in Western Serbia.
+The significance and tenacity of this time of epidemic
+was such that only those who witnessed it can understand
+the great usefulness, devotion, and attachment of its
+co-workers. A great number of Dr. Inglis's personnel
+were occupied in coping with it, and with what
+results!</p>
+
+<p>"The Serbian counter-offensive terminated, provisional
+peace reigned in Serbia. Six months went by before the
+last soldier of the enemy left our sacred soil; the second
+enemy&mdash;the great epidemic&mdash;has also been arrested and
+vanquished. The terrors that these two allies brought
+in their train gradually disappeared, and the sun shone
+once again for the Little Armed People. Men breathed
+again, and tired bodies slept. One had the time to think
+of the great soldiers of the front, as well as those who
+worked behind the lines. And, indeed, in those great
+days we knew not who were the more courageous, the
+more daring, the greater heroes.</p>
+
+<p>"General Headquarters decided to give a tangible
+recognition to all those who had taken part in this epoch.
+Among the first thus distinguished were Dr. Elsie Inglis
+and her hospitals.</p>
+
+<p>"On the proposal of the Director of Sanitation, it was
+decided to erect a monumental fountain to the memory
+of Dr. Elsie Inglis and her Scottish Women's Hospitals.
+This was to be at Mladanovatz, quite close to one of these
+hospitals, at a few yards' distance from the main railway-line
+running from Belgrade to Nish, in sight of all
+the travellers who passed through Serbia.</p>
+
+<p>"It was erected, and bears the inscription:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p class='center'>"<span class="smcap">In memory of the Scottish Women's Hospitals and their
+Founder, Dr. Elsie Inglis</span>."</p></blockquote><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"The object of my letter is not to make known what I
+have told you; what follows is more important.</p>
+
+<p>"Dr. Inglis was present in person at the unveiling and
+benediction of the fountain. The idea was to give her a
+proof of the people's gratitude by erecting an original
+monument which, in recalling those strenuous days,
+would combine a value practical and real, solving the
+question of a pure drinking-water, and cutting off the
+danger of an epidemic at the root; and also, the impression
+that she had after visiting a number of fountains
+in the environs of Mladanovatz and its villages left her
+no rest (as she said later), and produced in her an idea,
+long thought over, and eventually expressed in the following
+conversation:</p>
+
+<p>"'Look here, Captain P&mdash;&mdash;, I have a scheme which
+absorbs me more and more, and becomes in me a fixed
+idea. You suffer in Serbia, and are often subject to
+epidemics, through nothing else but bad water. I have
+been thinking it over, and would like to ameliorate as
+much as possible this deplorable state of affairs. I have
+the intention of addressing an appeal to the people of
+Great Britain, and asking them to inaugurate a fund
+which would create the opportunity of constructing in
+each Serbian village a fountain of good drinking-water.
+And then, I should return to Serbia, and with you&mdash;I
+hope that you are willing, since you have already built so
+many of these fountains round about&mdash;should go from
+village to village erecting these fountains. It will be,
+after the war, my unique and greatest desire to do this
+for the Serbs.'</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, great friend of Serbia! Thy clear-sighted spirit
+was to have but a glimpse of one of the most essential
+necessities of the Serbian people. Thy frail and fragile
+body has not permitted thee to enjoy the pleasure to
+which thou hast devoted so much love. For the well-being
+of this dear people thou hast given thyself entirely,
+even thy noble life. What a misfortune indeed for us!</p>
+
+<p>"May Heaven send thee eternal peace, so much
+merited, and so much desired by all those who knew thee,
+and above all and especially by all those Serbian hearts
+who have found in thee a great human friend."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Dr. Inglis wrote every week to the committee. In the
+letters written towards the end of September we are
+aware of the anxiety about the future which is beginning
+to make itself felt.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"Last week Austrian aeroplanes were 'announced,' and the
+authorities evidently believed the report; for the Arsenal was emptied
+of workmen&mdash;and they don't stop work willingly just now. So&mdash;as
+a Serbian officer said to me yesterday&mdash;'Serbia is exactly where she
+was a year ago.' It does seem hard lines on our little Ally....</p>
+
+<p>"Well, as to how this affects us. Sir Ralph was talking about
+the various possibilities. <i>As long as the Serbians fight we'll stick
+to them&mdash;retreat if necessary, burning all our stores.</i> If they are
+overwhelmed we must escape, probably via Montenegro. Don't
+worry about us. We won't do anything rash or foolish; and if you
+will trust us to decide, as we must know most about the situation out
+here, we'll act rationally."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>At last, in November, 1915, the storm broke. Serbia
+was overrun by Germans, Austrians, and Bulgarians.
+All her big Allies failed her, "so when her bitter hour of
+trial came, Serbia stood alone."</p>
+
+<p>The Scottish Women's Hospitals at Mladanovatz,
+Lazaravatz, and Valjevo had to be evacuated in an
+incredibly short time. The women from Mladanovatz
+and Lazaravatz came down to Kraguevatz, where
+Dr. Inglis was. After a few days they had again to
+move further south to Krushevatz. From here they
+broke into two parties, some joining the great retreat
+and coming home through Albania. The rest stayed
+behind with Dr. Inglis and Dr. Hollway to nurse the
+Serbian wounded and prisoners in Krushevatz.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"If the committee could have seen Colonel Gentitch's face when I
+said to him that we were not going to move again, but that they
+could count on us just where we stood, I think they would have
+been touched."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>writes Dr. Inglis.</p>
+
+<p>At Krushevatz both Units, Dr. Inglis's and Dr. Hollway's,
+worked together at the Czar Lazar Hospital under
+the Serbian Director, Major Nicolitch. It was here they
+were taken prisoners by the Germans in November.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"These months at Krushevatz were a strange mixture of sorrow
+and happiness. Was the country really so very beautiful, or was it
+the contrast to all the misery that made it evident? There was a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span>
+curious exhilaration in working for those grateful, patient men, and
+in helping the Director, so loyal to his country and so conscientious
+in his work, to bring order out of chaos; and yet the unhappiness
+in the Serbian houses, and the physical wretchedness of those cold,
+hungry prisoners, lay always like a dead weight on our spirits.
+Never shall we forget the beauty of the sunrises or the glory of the
+sunsets, with clear, cold, sunlit days between, and the wonderful
+starlit nights. But we shall never forget 'the Zoo,'<a name="FNanchor_13_13" id="FNanchor_13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a> either, or the
+groans outside when we hid our heads in the blankets to shut out
+the sound. Nor shall we ever forget the cheeriness or trustfulness
+of all that hospital, and especially of the officers' ward. We got no
+news, and we made it a point of honour not to believe a word of the
+German telegrams posted up in the town. So we lived on rumour&mdash;and
+what rumour! The English at Skoplje, the Italians at Poshega,
+and the Russians over the Carpathians&mdash;we could not believe that
+Serbia had been sacrificed for nothing. We were convinced it was
+some deep-laid scheme for weakening the other fronts, and so it was
+quite natural to hear that the British had taken Belgium and the
+French were in Metz!"</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>During this time in Krushevatz Dr. Inglis and the
+women in her Unit lived and slept in one room. One
+night an excited message was brought to the door that
+enemy aircraft was expected soon; everyone was taking
+refuge in places that were considered safe; would they
+not come too? For a moment there was a feeling of
+panic in the room; then Dr. Inglis said, without raising
+her head from her pillow: "Everyone will do as they
+like, of course; <i>I</i> shall not go anywhere. I am very tired,
+and bed is a comfortable place to die in." The suspicion
+of panic subsided; every woman lay down and slept
+quietly till morning.</p>
+
+<p>The Hon. Mrs. Haverfield was one of the "Scottish
+women" who stayed behind at Krushevatz. She gives
+us some memories of Dr. Inglis.</p>
+
+<p>"I think the most abiding recollection I have of our
+dear Doctor is the expression in her face in the middle
+of a heavy bombardment by German guns of our hospital
+at Krushevatz during the autumn of 1915. I was
+coming across some swampy ground which separated
+our building from the large barracks called after the
+good and gentle Czar Lazar of Kosovofanee, when a
+shell flew over our heads, and burst close by with a
+deafening roar. The Doctor was coming from the oppo<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span>site
+direction; we stood a moment to comment upon the
+perilous position we were all in. She looked up into my
+face, and with that smile that nobody who ever knew her
+could forget, and such a quizzical expression in her blue
+eyes, said: 'Eve, we are having some experiences now,
+aren't we?' She and I had often compared notes, and
+said how we would like to be in the thick of everything&mdash;at
+last we were. I have never seen anyone with greater
+courage, or anyone who was more unmoved under all
+circumstances.</p>
+
+<p>"Under our little Doctor bricks had to be made,
+whether there was straw or not!</p>
+
+<p>"In this same hospital at Krushevatz she had ordered
+me to get up bathing arrangements for the sick and
+wounded. There was not a corner in which to make a
+bath-room, or a can, and only a broken pump 150 yards
+away across mud and swamp. There was no wood to
+heat the water, and nothing to heat it in even if we had
+the wood. I admit I could not achieve the desired
+arrangement. Elsie took the matter in hand herself, finding
+I was no use, and in one day had a regular supply of
+hot water, and baths for the big Magazine, where lay our
+sick, screened off with sheets, and regular baths were
+the order of the day from that time forth.</p>
+
+<p>"One never ceased to admire the tireless energy, the
+resourcefulness, and the complete unselfishness of that
+little woman who spent herself until the last moment,
+always in the service of others."</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"At last, on the 9th of February, our hospital was emptied.<a name="FNanchor_14_14" id="FNanchor_14_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a> The
+chronic invalids had been 'put on commission' and sent to their
+homes. The vast majority of the men had been removed to Hungary,
+and the few remaining, badly wounded men who would not be fit
+for months, taken over to the Austrian hospitals.</p>
+
+<p>"On the 11th we were sent north under an Austrian guard with
+fixed bayonets. Great care was taken that we should not communicate
+with anyone <i>en route</i>. At Belgrade, however, we were put into
+a waiting-room for the night, and after we had crept into our sleeping-bags
+we were suddenly roused to speak to a Serbian woman.
+The kindly Austrian officer in charge of us said she was the wife
+of a Serbian officer in Krushevatz, and that if we would use only
+German we might speak to her. She wanted news of her husband.
+We were able to reassure her. He was getting better&mdash;he was in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span>
+the Gymnasium. 'Vrylo dobra' ('Very well'), she said, holding
+both our hands. 'Vrylo, vrylo dobra,' we said, looking apprehensively
+at the officer. But he only laughed. Probably his
+Serbian, too, was equal to that. That was the last Serbian we spoke
+to in Serbia, and we left her a little happier. And thus we came
+to Vienna, where the American Embassy took us over.... When
+we reached Zurich and found everything much the same as when
+we disappeared into the silence, our hearts were sick for the people
+we had left behind us, still waiting and trusting."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Referring to this year of work done for Serbia, Mr.
+Seton-Watson wrote of Dr. Inglis:</p>
+
+<p>"History will record the name of Elsie Inglis, like
+that of Lady Paget, as pre-eminent among that band of
+women who have redeemed for all time the honour of
+Britain in the Balkans."</p>
+
+<p>We close this chapter on her work in Serbia with
+tributes to her memory from two of her Serbian friends,
+Miss Christitch, a well-known journalist, and Lieutenant-Colonel
+D. C. Popovitch, Professor at the Military
+Academy in Belgrade.</p>
+
+<p>"Through Dr. Inglis Serbia has come to know Scotland,
+for I must confess that formerly it was not recognized
+by our people as a distinctive part of the British
+Isles. Her name, as that of the Serbian mother from
+Scotland (Srpska majka iz 'Skotske'), has become
+legendary throughout the land, and it is not excluded
+that at a future date popular opinion will claim her as of
+Serbian descent, although born on foreign soil.</p>
+
+<p>"What appealed to all those with whom Elsie Inglis
+came in contact in Serbia was her extraordinary sympathy
+and understanding for the people whose language
+she could not speak and whose ways and customs must
+certainly have seemed strange to her. Yet there is no
+record of misunderstanding between any Serb and Dr.
+Inglis. Everyone loved her, from the tired peasant
+women who tramped miles to ask the 'Scottish Doctoress'
+for advice about their babies to the wounded soldiers
+whose pain she had alleviated.</p>
+
+<p>"Here I must mention that Dr. Inglis won universal
+respect in the Serbian medical profession for her
+skill as a surgeon. During a great number of
+years past we have had women physicians, and very
+capable they are too; but, for some reason or other, Ser<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span>bian
+women had never specialized in surgery. Hence it
+was not without scepticism that the male members of the
+profession received the news that the organizer of the
+Scottish hospitals was a skilled surgeon. Until Dr.
+Inglis actually reached Serbia and had performed successfully
+in their presence, they refused to believe this
+'amiable fable,' but from the moment that they had
+seen her work they altered their opinion, and, to the
+great joy of our Serbian women, they no longer proclaimed
+the fact that surgery was not a woman's sphere.
+This is but one of the services Dr. Inglis has rendered
+our woman movement in Serbia. To-day we have
+several active societies working for the enfranchisement
+of women, and there is no doubt that the record of the
+Scottish Women's Hospital, organized and equipped by
+a Suffrage society and entirely run by women, is helping
+us greatly towards the realization of our goal. It was
+a cause of delight to our women and of no small surprise
+to our men that the Scottish Units that came out never
+had male administrators.</p>
+
+<p>"It is very difficult to say all one would wish about
+Dr. Inglis's beneficial influence in Serbia in the few
+lines which I am asked to write. But before I
+conclude I may be allowed to give my own impression
+of that remarkable woman. What struck me
+most in her was her grip of facts in Serbia. I had a long
+conversation with her at Valjevo in the summer of 1915,
+before the disaster of the triple enemy onslaught, and
+while we still believed that the land was safe from a fresh
+invasion. She spoke of her hopes and plans for the
+future of Serbia. 'When the war is over,' she said, 'I
+want to do something lasting for your country. I want
+to help the women and children; so little has been done
+for them, and they need so much. I should like to see
+Serbian qualified nurses and up-to-date women's and
+children's hospitals. When you will have won your victories
+you will require all this in order to have a really
+great and prosperous Serbia.' She certainly meant to
+return and help us in our reconstruction.</p>
+
+<p>"I saw Dr. Inglis once again several weeks later, at
+Krushevatz, where she had remained with her Unit to
+care for the Serbian wounded, notwithstanding the invi<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span>tation
+issued her by Army Headquarters to abandon
+her hospital and return to England. But Dr. Inglis
+never knew a higher authority than her own conscience.
+The fact that she remained to face the enemy, although
+she had no duty to this, her adopted country, was both
+an inspiration and a consolation to those numerous
+families who could not leave, and to those of us who,
+being Serbian, had a duty to remain.</p>
+
+<p>"She left in the spring of 1916, and we never heard of
+her again in Serbia until the year 1917, when we, in occupied
+territory, learnt from a German paper that she had
+died in harness working for the people of her adoption.
+There was a short and appreciative obituary telling of
+her movements since she had left us.</p>
+
+<p>"For Serbian women she will remain a model of devotion
+and self-sacrifice for all time, and we feel that the
+highest tribute we can pay her is to endeavour, however
+humbly, to follow in the footsteps of this unassuming,
+valiant woman."</p>
+
+<p class='tbrk'>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p class='center'><span class="smcap">"My Recollections of Dr. Elsie Inglis</span>.</p>
+
+<p>"I made her acquaintance towards the close of October,
+1915, when, as a heavily wounded patient in the Military
+Hospital of Krushevatz, I became a prisoner, first of the
+Germans and then of the Austrians.</p>
+
+<p>"The Scottish Women's Hospital Mission, with Dr.
+Inglis as Head and Mrs. Haverfield as Administrator,
+had voluntarily become prisoners of the Austrians and
+Germans, rather than abandon the Serbian sick and
+wounded they had hitherto cared for. The Mission
+undertook a most difficult task&mdash;that is, the healing of
+and ministration to the typhus patients, which had already
+cost the lives of many doctors. But the Scottish women,
+whose spirit was typified in their leader, Miss Inglis, did
+not restrict themselves to this department, hastening to
+assist whenever they could in other departments. In particular,
+Dr. Elsie Inglis gave help in the surgical ward,
+and undertook single-handed the charge of a great number
+of wounded, among whom I was included, and to her
+devoted sisterly care I am a grateful debtor for my life.
+She visited me hourly, and not only performed a doctor's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span>
+duties, but those of a simple nurse, without the slightest
+reluctance.</p>
+
+<p>"The conditions of Serbian hospitals under the Austrians
+rendered provisioning one of the most difficult
+tasks. At the withdrawal of the Serbian Army only the
+barest necessaries were left behind, and the Austrians
+gave hardly anything beyond bread, and at times a little
+meat. The typhus patients were thus dependent almost
+entirely on the aliments which the Scottish Mission could
+furnish out of their own means. It was edifying to see
+how they solved the problem. Every day, their Chief,
+Dr. Inglis, and Mrs. Haverfield at the head, the nurses off
+duty, with empty sacks and baskets slung over their
+shoulders, tramped for miles to the villages around
+Krushevatz, and after several hours' march through the
+narrow, muddy paths, returned loaded with cabbages,
+potatoes, or other vegetables in baskets and sacks, their
+pockets filled with eggs and apples. Instead of fatigue,
+joy and satisfaction were evident in their faces, because
+they were able to do something for their Serbian brothers.
+I am ever in admiration of these rare women, and never
+can I forget their watchword: 'Not one of our patients
+is to be without at least one egg a day, however far we
+may have to tramp for it.' Such labour, such love
+towards an almost totally strange nation, is something
+more than mere humanity; it is the summit of understanding,
+and the application of real and solid Christian
+teaching.</p>
+
+<p>"Dr. Inglis cured not only the physical but the
+moral ills of her wounded patients. Every word she
+spoke was about the return of our army, and she assured
+us of final victory. She did not speak thus merely to
+soothe, for one felt the fire of her indignation against
+the oppressor, and her love for us and her confidence
+that our just cause would triumph. I could mention a
+host of great and small facts in connection with her,
+enough to fill a book; but, in one word, every move,
+every thought of the late Dr. Inglis and the members of
+her Mission breathed affection towards the Serbian soldier
+and the Serbian nation. The Serbian soldier himself
+is the best witness to this. One has only to inquire
+about the Scottish Women's Mission in order to get a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span>
+short and eloquent comment, which resumes all, and expresses
+astonishment that he should be asked: 'Of
+course I know of our sisters from Scotland.' ...</p>
+
+<p>"But the enemy could not succeed in shaking these
+noble women in their determination and their love for
+us Serbians. They at last obtained their release, and
+reached their own country, but, without taking time to
+rest properly, they at once started to collect fresh stores,
+and hastened to the assistance of the Serbian Volunteer
+Corps in the Dobrudja. They returned with the same
+corps to the Macedonian front, and thence to Serbia once
+more at the close of last year, in order to come to the aid
+of the impoverished Serbian people. The fact that Dr.
+Inglis lost her life after the retreat from Russia is a fresh
+proof of her devotion to Serbia. The Serbian soldiers
+mourn her death as that of a mother or sister. The
+memory of her goodness, self-sacrifice, and unbounded
+charity, will never leave them as long as they live, and
+will be handed down as a sacred heritage to their children.
+The entire Serbian Army and the entire Serbian people
+weep over the dear departed Dr. Inglis, while erecting a
+memorial to her in their hearts greater than any of the
+world's monuments. Glory be to her and the land that
+gave her birth!</p>
+
+<p class='right'>"(<i>Signed</i>) <span class="smcap">Lieut.-Col. Drag. C. Popovitch</span>,<br />
+"<i>Professor at the Military Academy.</i> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Belgrade</span>.<br />
+ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;"<i>December 24th, 1919.</i>"</p>
+
+<p class='tbrk'>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Inglis was at home from February to August, 1916.
+Besides her work as chairman of the committee for
+Kossovo Day, she was occupied in many other ways.
+She paid a visit of inspection for the Scottish Women's
+Hospitals Committee to their Unit in Corsica, reporting
+in person to them on her return in her usual clear and
+masterly way on the work being done there. She worked
+hard to get permission for the Scottish Women's Hospitals
+to send a Unit to Mesopotamia, where certainly
+the need was great. It has been said of her that, "like
+Douglas of old, she flung herself where the battle raged
+most fiercely, always claiming and at last obtaining per<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span>mission
+to set up her hospitals where the obstacles were
+greatest and the dangers most acute."</p>
+
+<p>It was not the fault of the Scottish Women's Hospitals
+that their standard was not found flying in Mesopotamia.</p>
+
+<p>During the time she was at home, in the intervals of
+her other activities, she spoke at many meetings, telling
+of the work of the Scottish Women's Hospitals. At
+these meetings she would speak for an hour or more of
+the year's work in Serbia without mentioning herself.
+She had the delightful power of telling a story without
+bringing in the personal note. Often at the end of a
+meeting her friends would be asked by members of the
+audience if Dr. Inglis had not been in Serbia herself.
+On being assured that she had, they would reply incredulously,
+"But she never mentioned herself at all!"</p>
+
+<p>The Honorary Secretary of the Clapham High School
+Old Girls' Society wrote, after Dr. Inglis's death, describing
+one of these meetings:</p>
+
+<p>"In June, 1916, Dr. Inglis came to our annual commemoration
+meeting and spoke to us of Serbia. None
+of those who were present will, I think, ever forget that
+afternoon, and the almost magical inspiration of her personality.
+Behind her simple narrative (from which her
+own part in the great deeds of which she told seemed so
+small that to many of us it was a revelation to learn later
+what that part had been) lay a spiritual force which left
+no one in the audience untouched. We feel that we
+should like to express our gratitude for that afternoon
+in our lives, as well as our admiration of her gallant life
+and death."</p>
+
+<p>The door to Mesopotamia being still kept closed, Dr.
+Inglis, in August, 1916, went to Russia as C.M.O. of a
+magnificently equipped Unit which was being sent to
+the help of the Jugo-Slavs by the Scottish Women's Hospitals.</p>
+
+<p>A few days before she left Dr. Inglis went to Leven,
+on the Fifeshire coast of Scotland, where many of her
+relatives were gathered, to say farewell. The photograph
+given here was taken at this time.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_13_13" id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> The name the nurses gave the huge building they had converted
+into a hospital.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_14_14" id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> Dr. Inglis's report.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="gs087.jpg" id="gs087.jpg"></a><img src="images/gs087.jpg" width='478' height='700' alt="ELSIE INGLIS TAKEN IN AUGUST, 1916, JUST BEFORE SHE LEFT FOR RUSSIA" /></p>
+
+<h4>ELSIE INGLIS</h4>
+
+<h5>TAKEN IN AUGUST, 1916, JUST BEFORE SHE LEFT FOR RUSSIA</h5>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XI" id="CHAPTER_XI"></a>CHAPTER XI</h2>
+
+<h3>RUSSIA</h3>
+
+<p>"For a clear understanding and appreciation of subsequent
+events affecting the relations between Dr. Inglis
+and the Serb division, a brief account of its genesis may
+be given here.</p>
+
+<p>"The division consisted mainly of Serbo-Croats and
+Slovenes&mdash;namely, Serbs who, as subjects of Austria-Hungary,
+were obliged to serve in the Austrian Army.
+Nearly all of these men had been taken prisoners by the
+Russians, or, perhaps more correctly, had voluntarily
+surrendered to the Russians rather than fight for the
+enemies of their co-nationals. In May, 1915, a considerable
+number of these Austro-Serbs volunteered for service
+with the Serbian Army, and by arrangement with
+the Russian Government, who gave them their freedom,
+they were transported to Serbia. After the entry of Bulgaria
+into the war it was no longer possible to send
+them to Serbia, and 2,000 were left behind at Odessa.
+The number of these volunteers increased, however, to
+such an extent that, by permission of the Serbian Government,
+Serbian officers from Corfu were sent over to
+organize them into a military unit for service with the
+Russian Army. By May, 1916, a first division was
+formed under the command of the Serb Colonel, Colonel
+Hadjitch, and later a second division under General
+Zivkovitch. It was to the first division that the Scottish
+Women's Hospitals and Transport were to be attached.</p>
+
+<p>"The Unit mustered at Liverpool on August 29, and
+left for Archangel on the following day. It consisted of
+a personnel of seventy-five and three doctors, with Dr.
+Elsie Inglis C.M.O."<a name="FNanchor_15_15" id="FNanchor_15_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a></p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span>A member of the staff describes the journey:</p>
+
+<p>"Our Unit left Liverpool for Russia on August 31,
+1916; like the Israelites of old, we went out not knowing
+exactly where we were bound for. We knew only that
+we had to join the Serbian division of the Russian Army,
+but where that Division was or how we were to get there
+we could not tell. We were seventy-five all told, with
+50 tons of equipment and sixteen automobiles. We had
+a special transport, and after nine days over the North
+Sea we arrived at Archangel.</p>
+
+<p>"From Archangel we were entrained for Russia, and
+sent down via Moscow to Odessa, receiving there further
+instructions to proceed to the Roumanian front,
+where our Serbs were in action.</p>
+
+<p>"We were fourteen days altogether in the train. I
+remember Dr. Inglis, during those long days on the journey,
+playing patience, calm and serene, or losing her own
+patience when the train was stopped and <i>would</i> not go
+on. Out she would go, and address the Russian officials
+in strenuous, nervous British&mdash;it was often effective. One
+of our interpreters heard one stationmaster saying:
+'There is a great row going on here, and there will be
+trouble to-morrow if this train isn't got through.'</p>
+
+<p>"At Reni we were embarked on a steamer and barges,
+and sent down the Danube to a place called Cernavoda,
+where once more we were disembarked, and proceeded
+by train and motor to Medjidia, where our first hospital
+was established in a large barracks on the top of a hill
+above the town, an excellent mark for enemy aeroplanes.
+The hospital was ready for wounded two days after our
+arrival; until then it was a dirty empty building, yet the
+wounded were received in it some forty-eight hours after
+our arrival. It was a notable achievement, but for Dr.
+Inglis obstacles and difficulties were placed in her path
+for the purpose of being overcome; if the mountains of
+Mahomet <i>would</i> not move, she <i>removed</i> them!</p>
+
+<p>"In connection with the establishment of these field
+hospitals I have vivid recollections of her. The great
+empty upper floor of the barracks at Medjidia,
+seventy-five of us all in the one room. The lines of camp
+beds. Dr. Inglis and her officers in one corner; and how
+quietly in all the noise and hubbub she went to bed and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span>
+slept. I remember how I had to waken her when certain
+officials came on the night of our arrival to ask when we
+would be ready for the wounded. 'Say to-morrow,' she
+said, and slept again!</p>
+
+<p>"'It's a wonder she did not say <i>now</i>,' one of my fellow-officers
+remarked!</p>
+
+<p>"We were equipped for two field hospitals of 100 beds
+each, and our second hospital was established close to
+the firing-line at Bulbulmic. We were at Bulbulmic and
+Medjidia only some three weeks when we had to retreat."</p>
+
+<p>Three weeks of strenuous work at these two places
+ended in a sudden evacuation and retreat&mdash;Hospital B
+and the Transport got separated from Hospital A. We
+can only, of course, follow the fortunes of Hospital A,
+which was directly under Dr. Inglis.</p>
+
+<p>The night of the retreat is made vivid for us by Dr.
+Inglis:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"The station was a curious sight that night. The flight was
+beginning. A crowd of people was collected at one end with boxes
+and bundles and children. One little boy was lying on a doorstep
+asleep, and against the wall farther on lay a row of soldiers. On
+the bench to the right, under the light, was a doctor in his white
+overall, stretched out sound asleep between the two rushes of work
+at the station dressing-room; and a Roumanian officer talked to me
+of Glasgow, where he had once been invited out to dinner, so he had
+seen the British 'custims.' It was good to feel those British customs
+were still going quietly on, whatever was happening here&mdash;breakfasts
+coming regularly, hot water for baths, and everything as it
+should be. It was probably absurd, but it came like a great wave
+of comfort to feel that Britain was there, quiet, strong, and invincible,
+behind everything and everybody."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>A member of the Unit also gives us details:<a name="FNanchor_16_16" id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a></p>
+
+<p>"I went twice down to the station with baggage in the
+evening, a perilous journey in rickety carts through pitch
+darkness over roads (?) crammed with troops and
+refugees, which were lit up periodically by the most
+amazing green lightning I have ever seen, and the roar
+and flash of the guns was incessant. At the station no
+lights were allowed because of enemy aircraft, but the
+place was illuminated here and there by the camp fires
+of a new Siberian division which had just arrived. Picked
+troops these, and magnificent men.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"We wrestled with the baggage until 2 a.m., and went
+back to the hospital in one of our own cars. Our orderly
+came in almost in tears. Her cart had twice turned over
+completely on its way to the station; so on arrival she
+had hastened to Dr. Inglis with a tale of woe and a
+scratched face. Dr. Inglis said: 'That's right, dear
+child, that's right, <i>stick</i> to the equipment,' which may
+very well be described as the motto of the Unit these
+days!...</p>
+
+<p>"The majority of the Unit are to go to Galatz by train
+with Dr. Corbett; the rest (self included) are to go by
+road with Dr. Inglis, and work with the army as a clearing
+station.</p>
+
+<p>"On the morning of October 22 the train party got
+off as quick as possible, and about 4 p.m. a big lorry came
+for our equipment. We loaded it, seven of us mounted
+on the top, and the rest went in two of our own cars.
+The scene was really intensely comic. Seven Scottish
+women balanced precariously on the pile of luggage; a
+Serbian doctor with whom Dr. Inglis is to travel standing
+alongside in an hysterical condition, imploring us to
+hurry, telling us the Bulgarians were as good as in the
+town already; Dr. Inglis, quite unmoved, demanding the
+whereabouts of the Ludgate boiler; somebody arriving
+at the last minute with a huge open barrel of treacle,
+which, of course, could not possibly be left to a German.
+Oh dear! how we laughed!"</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Inglis would never allow the Sunday service to be
+missed if it was at all possible to hold it.<a name="FNanchor_17_17" id="FNanchor_17_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a> Miss Onslow
+tells us how she seized a seeming opportunity even on
+this Sunday of so many dangers to make ready for the
+service.</p>
+
+<p>"<i>Medjidia.</i>&mdash;Sunday was the day on which we began our
+retreat from the Dobrudja. We spent most of the morning
+going to and from the station&mdash;a place almost impossible
+to enter or leave on account of the refugees,
+their carts and animals, and the army, which was on the
+move, blocking all the approaches&mdash;transporting sick
+members of the Unit and some equipment which had still
+to be put on the train, and only my touring car and one<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span>
+ambulance with which to do the work. Dr. Inglis
+had been at the station until the early hours of the
+morning, but nevertheless superintended everything
+that was being done both at the train and up at the
+hospital.</p>
+
+<p>"Towards noon a Serbian officer brought in a report
+that things were not as bad for the moment as they
+expected. Whereupon the Doctor immediately gave
+orders to prepare the room for service at 4 o'clock that
+afternoon! And she began revolving plans for immediate
+work in Medjidia. But, alas! the good news was
+a false report&mdash;the enemy was rushing onwards. The
+Russian lorry came for the personal baggage and any
+remaining equipment which had not gone by train; and
+it, piled high with luggage and some of the staff, left at
+3, the remainder of us going in the ambulance and my
+car. Dr. Inglis came in my car, and I had the honour
+of driving our dear Doctor nearly all the time, and am
+the only member of the Unit who was with her the whole
+time of the retreat from Medjidia until we reached the
+Danube at Harshova."</p>
+
+<p>The four days of the Dobrudja retreat from October
+22nd to 26th were days of horror for all who took part in
+it, not least for Dr. Inglis and the members of her Units.
+"At first we passed a few carts, then at some distance
+more and more, till we found ourselves in an unending
+procession of peasants with all their worldly goods piled
+on those vehicles.... This procession seemed difficult
+to pass, but as time went on, added to it, came the
+Roumanian army retreating&mdash;hundreds of guns, cavalry,
+infantry, ambulances, Red Cross carts, motor-kitchens,
+and wounded on foot&mdash;a most extraordinary scene. The
+night was inky black; the only lights were our own head-lights
+and those of the ambulance behind us, but they
+revealed a sad and never-to-be-forgotten picture. Our
+driver was quite wonderful; she sat unmoved, often for
+half an hour at a time. There was a block, and we had
+to wait while the yelling, frantic mob did what they could
+to get into some sort of order; then we would move on
+for ten minutes, and then stop again; it was like a dream
+or a play; it certainly was a tragedy. No one spoke;
+we just waited and watched it all; to us it was a spec<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span>tacle,
+to these poor homeless people it was a terrible
+reality."<a name="FNanchor_18_18" id="FNanchor_18_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a></p>
+
+<p>At 11.30 that Sunday night Dr. Inglis and the party
+with her arrived at Caramarat. The straw beds and the
+fairytale dinner, and the cheery voice of Dr. Inglis calling
+them to partake of it, will never be forgotten by
+these Scottish women.</p>
+
+<p>On arrival at Caramarat Dr. Inglis had asked for a
+room for her Unit and "a good meat meal." She was
+told a room was waiting for them, but a good meal was
+an impossibility; the town had been evacuated; there had
+been no food to be got for days.</p>
+
+<p>"Though it was only a bare room with straw in heaps
+on the floor and green blankets to wrap ourselves in, to
+cold, shivering beings like ourselves it seemed all that
+heart could desire.... Never shall I forget the delight
+of lying down on the straw, the dry warm blanket rolled
+round me. Then a most wonderful thing happened&mdash;the
+door opened and several soldiers entered with the
+most beautiful meal I ever ate. It was like a fairytale.
+Where did it come from? The lovely soup&mdash;the real
+Russian <i>borsh</i>&mdash;and roast turkey and plenty of bread
+and <i>chi</i>. We ate like wolves, and I can remember so distinctly
+sitting up in my straw nest, with my blanket round
+me, and hearing Dr. Inglis's cheery voice saying, 'Isn't
+this better than having to start and cook a meal?' She
+was the most extraordinary person; when she said she
+must have a thing, she got it, and it was never for herself,
+always for others."<a name="FNanchor_19_19" id="FNanchor_19_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_19_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a></p>
+
+<p>They started again early on Monday morning, and
+after another day of adventures slept that night in the
+open air beside a river.</p>
+
+<p>"Cushions were brought from the cars and all the
+rugs we could find, and soon we were sitting round the
+fire waiting for the water to boil for our tea, and a more
+delightful merry meal could not be imagined. We all
+told our experiences of the day, and Dr. Inglis said:
+'But this is the best of all; it is just like a fairytale.' And
+so it was; for as we looked there were groups of soldiers
+holding their horses, standing motionless, staring<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span>
+at us; we saw them only through the wood-smoke. The
+fire attracted them, and they came to see what it could
+mean. Seeing nine women laughing and chatting, alone
+and within earshot of the guns, the distant sky-line red
+with the enemy's doings, was more than they could
+understand. They did not speak, but quietly went away
+as they had come.... Rolled in our blankets, with the
+warmth of the fire making us feel drowsy, our chatter
+gradually ceased, and we slept as only a day in the open
+air can make one sleep."</p>
+
+<p>Another two days of continued retreat, and the different
+parties of Scottish women arrived at places of safety.</p>
+
+<p>"Thus we all came through the Dobrudja retreat. We
+had only been one month in Roumania, but we seemed
+to have lived a lifetime between the 22nd and 26th of
+October, 1916." In a letter to the Committee Dr. Inglis
+says of the Unit: "They worked magnificently at
+Medjidia, and took the retreat in a very joyous, indomitable
+way. One cannot say they were plucky, because I
+don't think it ever entered their heads to be afraid."</p>
+
+<p>Finally the scattered members of the Unit joined forces
+again at Braila, where Dr. Inglis opened a hospital.</p>
+
+<p>During the time at Braila Dr. Inglis wrote to her relations.
+The letter is dated Reni, where she had gone for
+a few days.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p class='right'>"<span class="smcap">Reni</span>, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />
+"<i>October 28th, 1916.</i></p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Dearest Amy</span>,</p>
+
+<p>"Just a line to say I am all right. Four weeks to-morrow
+since we reached Medjidia and began our hospital. We evacuated
+it in three weeks, and here we are all back on the frontier....
+Such a time it has been, Amy dear; you cannot imagine what war
+is just behind the lines. And in a retreat....</p>
+
+<p>"Our second retreat&mdash;and almost to the same day. We evacuated
+Kraguevatz on the 25th of October last year. We evacuated
+Medjidia on the 22nd this year. On the 25th this year we were
+working in a Russian dressing-station at Harshova, and were
+moved on in the evening. We arrived at Braila to find 11,000
+wounded and seven doctors, only one of them a surgeon.</p>
+
+<p>"Boat come&mdash;must stop&mdash;am going back to Braila to do surgery.
+Have sent every trained person there.</p>
+
+<p class='right'>"Ever, you dear, dear people, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<br />
+"Your loving sister, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<br />
+"<span class="smcap">Elsie</span>.</p>
+
+<p>"We have had lots of exciting things too&mdash;and amusing things&mdash;and
+<i>good</i> things."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span>Two further retreats had, however, to be experienced
+by Dr. Inglis and her Unit before they could settle down
+to steady work. The three retreats took place in the following
+order:</p>
+
+<p><i>Sunday, October 22nd.</i>&mdash;Retreated from Medjidia.</p>
+
+<p><i>October 25th.</i>&mdash;Arrived at Braila. Worked there till
+December 3rd.</p>
+
+<p><i>December 3rd.</i>&mdash;Retreated to Galatz, where very
+strenuous work awaited them.</p>
+
+<p><i>January 4th.</i>&mdash;Retreated to Reni.</p>
+
+<p><i>August, 1917.</i>&mdash;Left Reni, and rejoined the Serb division
+at Hadji Abdul.</p>
+
+<p>The work during the above period, from October 25th,
+1916, to August, 1917, was done for the Russians and
+Roumanians. As soon as it was possible, Dr. Inglis
+joined the Serb division in the end of August, 1917.</p>
+
+<p>"Dr. Inglis was still working in Reni when the Russian
+Revolution broke out in March.<a name="FNanchor_20_20" id="FNanchor_20_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_20_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a> The spirit of
+unrest and indiscipline, which manifested itself among
+the troops, spread also to the hospitals, and a Russian
+doctor reported that in the other hospitals the patients
+had their own committees, which fixed the hours for
+meals and doctors' visits and made hospital discipline
+impossible. But there was no sign of this under Dr.
+Inglis's kindly but firm rule. Without relaxing disciplinary
+measures, she did all in her power to keep the
+patients happy and contented; and as the Russian Easter
+drew near, she bought four ikons to be put up in the
+wards, that the men might feel more at home. The
+result of this kindly thought was a charming Easter
+letter written by the patients&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class='tbrk'>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p class='center'>"<i>To the Much-honoured Elsie Maud, the Daughter of John.</i></p>
+
+<p>"The wounded and sick soldiers from all parts of the
+army and fleet of great free Russia, who are now for
+healing in the hospital which you command, penetrated
+with a feeling of sincere respect, feel it their much-desired
+duty, to-day, on the day of the feast of Holy
+Easter, to express to you our deep reverence to you, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span>
+doctor warmly loved by all, and also to your honoured
+personnel of women. We wish also to express our sincere
+gratitude for all the care and attention bestowed
+on us, and we bow low before the tireless and wonderful
+work of yourself and your personnel, which we see every
+day directed towards the good of the soldiers allied to
+your country.... May England live!</p>
+
+<p class='right'>"(<i>Signed</i>) <span class="smcap">The Russian Citizen Soldiers</span>."</p>
+
+<p class='tbrk'>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>We cannot be too grateful to one member of the Unit
+who, in her impressions of Dr. Inglis, has given us a
+picture of her during these months in Russia that will
+live:</p>
+
+<p>"I think so much stress has been laid, by those who
+worked under her, on the leader who said there was no
+such word as 'can't' in the dictionary, that the extraordinarily
+lovable personality that lay at the root of her
+leadership is in danger of being obscured. I do not mean
+by this that we all had a romantic affection for her. Her
+influence was of a much finer quality just because she
+never dragged in the personal element. She was the
+embodiment of so much, and achieved more in her
+subordinates, just because she had never to depend for
+their loyalty on the limits of an admired personality.</p>
+
+<p>"There is no one I should less like to hear described
+as 'popular.' No one had less an easy power of
+endearing herself at first sight to those with whom she
+came in contact&mdash;at least, in the relations of the Unit.
+The first impression, as has been repeated over and over
+again, was always one of great strength and singleness
+of purpose, but all those fine qualities with which the
+general public is, quite rightly, ready to credit her had
+their roots in a serenity and gentleness of spirit which
+that same public has had all too little opportunity to
+realize. Her Unit itself realized it slowly enough. They
+obeyed at first because she was stronger than they, only
+later because she was finer and better.</p>
+
+<p>"You know it was not, at least, an easy job to win the
+best kind of service from a mixed lot of women, the
+trained members of which had never worked under a
+woman before, and were ready with their very narrow
+outlook to seize on any and every opportunity for criti<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span>cism.
+There was much opposition, more or less grumblingly
+expressed at first. No one hesitated to do what
+she was told&mdash;impossible with Dr. Inglis as a chief&mdash;but
+it was grudgingly done. In the end it was all for the
+best. If she had been the kind of person who took
+trouble to rouse an easy personal enthusiasm, the whole
+thing would have fallen to pieces at the first stress of
+work; on the other hand, if she had never inspired more
+than respect, she would never have won the quality of
+service she succeeded in winning. The really mean-spirited
+were loyal just so long as she was present because she
+daunted them, and Dr. Inglis's disapproval was most
+certainly a thing to be avoided. But the great majority,
+whatever their personal views, were quickly ready to
+recognize her authority as springing from no hasty
+impulse, but from a finely consistent discipline of
+thought.</p>
+
+<p>"We were really lucky in having the retreat at the
+beginning of the work. It helped the Unit to realize
+how complete was the radical confidence they felt in her.
+I think her extraordinary love of justice was next impressed
+upon them. It took the sting out of every personal
+grievance, and was so almost passionately sincere
+it hardly seemed to matter if the verdict went against
+you. Her selflessness was an example, and often enough
+a reproach, to every one of us, and to go to her in any
+personal difficulty was such a revelation of sympathy and
+understanding as shed a light on those less obvious
+qualities that really made all she achieved possible.</p>
+
+<p>"People have often come to me and said casually, 'Oh
+yes, Dr. Inglis was a very charming woman, wasn't she?'
+And I have felt sorely tempted to say rather snappishly,
+'No, she wasn't.' Only they wouldn't have understood.
+It is because their 'charming' goes into the same category
+as my 'popular.'</p>
+
+<p>"I am afraid you will hardly have anticipated such an
+outburst; the difficulty is, indeed, to know where to stop.
+For what could I not say of the way her patients adored
+her&mdash;the countless little unerring things she did and said
+which just kept us going, when things were unusually
+depressing, or the Unit unusually weary and homesick;
+the really good moments when one won the generous<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span>
+appreciation that was so well worth the winning; and
+last&mdash;if I may strike this note&mdash;her endless personal
+kindness to me."</p>
+
+<p>The following letter to her sister, Mrs. Simson, reveals
+something of the lovable personality of Elsie Inglis.
+The nephew to whom it refers was wounded in the eye at
+the battle of Gaza, and died a fortnight before she did.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p class='right'>"<span class="smcap">Odessa</span>, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />
+"<i>June 24th, 1917.</i></p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Dearest, Dearest Amy</span>,</p>
+
+<p>"Eve's letter came yesterday about Jim, and though I start
+at seven to-morrow morning for Reni, I must write to you, dear,
+before I go. Though what one can say I don't know. One sees
+these awful doings all round one, but it strikes right home when
+one thinks of <i>Jim</i>. Thank God he is still with us. The dear, dear
+boy! I suppose he is home by now. And anyhow he won't be going
+out again for some time. We are all learning much from this war,
+and I know &mdash;&mdash; will say it is all our own faults, but I am not sure
+that the theory that it is part of the long struggle between good and
+evil does not appeal more to my mind. We are just here in it, and
+whatever we suffer and whatever we lose, it is for the right we are
+standing.... It is all terrible and awful, and I don't believe we
+can disentangle it all in our minds just now. The only thing is
+just to go on doing one's bit.... Miss Henderson is taking home
+with her to-day a Serb officer, quite blind, shot right through behind
+his eyes, to place him somewhere where he can be trained. I heard
+of him just after I had read Eve's letter, and I nearly cried. He
+wasn't just a case at that minute, with my thoughts full of Jim.
+Dear old Jim! Give him my love, and tell him I'm <i>proud of him</i>.
+And how splendidly the regiment did, and how they suffered!</p>
+
+<p class='right'>"Ever your loving sister, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<br />
+"<span class="smcap">Elsie Maud Inglis</span>."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Another of her Unit, who worked with Dr. Inglis not
+only during the year in Russia, but through much of the
+strenuous campaign for the Suffrage, gives us these
+remembrances:</p>
+
+<p class='tbrk'>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p class='center'>"<span class="smcap">Our Last Communion.</span></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"'He that dwelleth in the secret place of the Most High shall
+abide under the shadow of the Almighty.'</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>"Dearer to me even than the memory of those outstanding
+qualities of great-hearted initiative, courage,
+and determination which helped to make Dr. Elsie Inglis
+one of the great personalities of her age is the remembrance
+of certain moments when, in the intimacy of close<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span>
+fellowship during my term of office with her on active
+service, I caught glimpses of that simple, sublime faith
+by which she lived and in which she died.</p>
+
+<p>"One of my most precious possessions is the Bible Dr.
+Inglis read from when conducting the service held on
+Sunday in the saloon of the transport which took our
+Unit out to Archangel. The whole scene comes back
+so vividly! The silent, listening lines of the girls on
+either hand&mdash;Hospital grey and Transport khaki; in the
+centre, standing before the Union Jack-covered desk, the
+figure of our dear Chief, and her clear, calm voice&mdash;'He
+that dwelleth in the secret place of the Most High.' One
+felt that such a 'secret place' was indeed the abode of
+her serene spirit, and that there she found that steadfastness
+of purpose which never wavered, and the
+strength by which she exercised, not only the gracious
+qualities of love, but those sterner ones of ruthlessness
+and implacability which are among the essentials of
+leadership.</p>
+
+<p>"Dr. Inglis was a philosopher in the calm way in
+which she took the vicissitudes of life. It was only when
+her judgment, in regard to the work she was engaged
+in, was crossed that you became aware of her ruthlessness&mdash;her
+<i>wonderful</i> ruthlessness! I can find no better
+adjective. This quality of hers, perhaps more than any
+other, drew out my admiration and respect. Slowly it
+was borne in on those who worked with her that under
+no circumstances whatever would she fail the cause for
+which she was working, or those who had chosen to
+follow her.</p>
+
+<p>"Another remembrance! By the banks of the
+Danube at Reni, where at night the searchlight of the
+enemy used to play upon our camp, in the tent erected
+by the girls for the service, with the little altar simply
+and beautifully decorated by the nurses' loving hands, I
+see her kneeling beside me wrapt in a deep meditation,
+from which I ventured to rouse her, as the Chaplain came
+towards her with the sacred Bread and Wine. Looking
+back, it seems to me that even then her soul was
+reaching out beyond this present consciousness:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<div>"'Here in the body pent,</div>
+<div>Absent from Him I roam.'</div>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span>The look on her face was the look of those who hold
+high Communion. So 'in remembrance' we ate and
+drank of the same Bread and the same Cup. Even as I
+write these words remembrance comes again, and I know
+that, although her bodily presence is removed, her spirit
+is in communion still."</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_15_15" id="Footnote_15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_15"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> <i>A History of the Scottish Women's Hospitals.</i> Hodder and
+Stoughton. 7s. 6d.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_16_16" id="Footnote_16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_16"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> <i>With the Scottish Nurses in Roumania</i>, by Yvonne Fitzroy.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_17_17" id="Footnote_17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> We recall her great-uncle William Money's strict observance of
+the Sabbath.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_18_18" id="Footnote_18_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18_18"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> "The Dobrudja Retreat," <i>Blackwood</i>, March, 1918.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_19_19" id="Footnote_19_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_19"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> <i>Blackwood</i>, March, 1918.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_20_20" id="Footnote_20_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> <i>A History of the Scottish Women's Hospitals.</i></p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XII" id="CHAPTER_XII"></a>CHAPTER XII</h2>
+
+<h3>"IF YOU WANT US HOME, GET <i>THEM</i> OUT"</h3>
+
+<p>Through the summer months of 1917 Dr. Inglis had
+been working to get the Serbian division to which her
+Unit was attached out of Russia. They were in an unenviable
+position. The disorganization of the Russian
+Army made the authorities anxious to keep the Serbian
+division there "to stiffen the Russians." The Serb Command
+realized, on the other hand, that no effective stand
+at that time would be made by the Russians, and that to
+send the Serbs into action would be to expose them to
+another disaster such as had overtaken them in the
+Dobrudja. In the battle of the Dobrudja the Serb division
+had gone into the fight 14,000 strong; they were in the
+centre, with the Roumanians on the left and the Russians
+on the right. The Roumanians and Russians
+broke, and the Serbs, who had fought for twenty-four
+hours on two fronts, came out with only 4,000 men.
+Further slaughter such as this would have been the fate
+of the Serbian division if left in Russia.</p>
+
+<p>"The men want to fight," said General Zivkovitch to
+Dr. Inglis; "they are not cowards, but it goes to my
+heart to send them to their death like this."</p>
+
+<p>In July there had seemed to be a hope of the division
+being liberated and sent via Archangel to another front;
+however, later the decision of the Russian Headquarters
+was definitely stated. The Serbs were to be kept on the
+Roumanian front. "The Serb Staff were powerless in
+the matter, and entirely dependent on the good offices
+of the British Government for effecting their release."</p>
+
+<p>Into this difficult situation Dr. Inglis descended, and
+brought to bear on it all the force of which she was
+capable. The whole story of her achievement is told
+in <i>A History of the Scottish Women's Hospitals</i>, in those<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span>
+chapters that are written by Miss Edith Palliser. Here
+we can only refer to the message Dr. Inglis sent to the
+Foreign Office through Sir George Buchanan, British
+Ambassador at Petrograd, giving her own clear views
+on the position and affirming that "In any event the
+Scottish Women's Hospitals will stand by the Serbian
+division, and will accompany them if they go to
+Roumania."</p>
+
+<p>At the end of the month of August the Unit, leaving
+Reni, rejoined the Serb division at Hadji-Abdul, a little
+village midway between Reni and Belgrade.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Inglis described it as a</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"lovely place ... and we have a perfectly lovely camping-ground
+among the trees. The division is hidden away wonderfully under
+the trees, and at first they were very loath to let us pitch our big
+tents, that could not be so thoroughly hidden; but I was quite bent
+on letting them see what a nice hospital you had sent out, so I
+managed to get it pitched, and they are so pleased with us. They
+bring everybody&mdash;Russian Generals, Roumanian Military Attach&eacute;s
+and Ministers&mdash;to see it, and they are quite content because our
+painted canvas looks like the roofs of ordinary houses."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>"There was a constant rumour of a 'grand offensive'
+to be undertaken on the Roumanian front, which Dr.
+Inglis, though extremely sceptical of any offensive on a
+large scale, made every preparation to meet.</p>
+
+<p>"The London Committee had cabled to Dr. Inglis in
+the month of August advising the withdrawal of the
+Unit, but leaving the decision in her hands, to which she
+replied:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"'I am grateful to you for leaving decision in my hands. I will
+come with the division.'</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>"Following upon this cable came a letter, in which she
+emphasized her reasons for remaining:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"'If there were a disaster we should none of us ever forgive ourselves
+if we had left. We <i>must</i> stand by. If you want us home,
+get <i>them</i> out.'"</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Orders and counter-orders for the release of the division
+were incessant, and on their release depended, as we
+have seen, the home-coming of the Unit.</p>
+
+<p>"The London Units Committee had feared greatly for
+the fate of the Unit if, as seemed probable, the Serb divi<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span>sion
+was not able to leave Russia, and on November 9
+approached the Hon. H. Nicholson at the War Department
+of the Foreign Office, who assured them that the
+Unit would be quite safe with the Serbs, who were well
+disciplined and devoted to Dr. Inglis. At that moment
+he thought it would be most unsafe for the Unit to leave
+the Serbs and to try to come home overland.</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. Nicholson expressed the opinion that the Committee
+would never persuade Dr. Inglis to leave her
+Serbs, and added: 'I cannot express to you our admiration
+here for Dr. Inglis and the work your Units have
+done.'"<a name="FNanchor_21_21" id="FNanchor_21_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_21_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a></p>
+
+<p>At last the release of the division was effected, and on
+November 14 a cable was received by the Committee
+from Dr. Inglis from Archangel announcing her departure:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"On our way home. Everything satisfactory, and all well except
+me."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>This was the first intimation the London Committee
+had received that Dr. Inglis was ill.</p>
+
+<p>She arrived at Newcastle on Friday, November 23,
+bringing her Unit and the Serbian division with her. A
+great gale was blowing in the river, and they were unable
+to land until Sunday. Dr. Inglis had been very ill during
+the whole voyage, but on the Sunday afternoon she came
+on deck, and stood for half an hour whilst the officers of
+the Serbian division took leave of her.</p>
+
+<p>"It was a wonderful example of her courage and fortitude.
+She stood unsupported&mdash;a splendid figure of
+quiet dignity, her face ashen and drawn like a mask,
+dressed in her worn uniform coat, with the faded ribbons,
+that had seen such good service. As the officers
+kissed her hand, she said to each of them a few words,
+accompanied with her wonderful smile."</p>
+
+<p>She had stood through the summer months in Russia,
+an indomitable little figure, refusing to leave, until she
+had got ships for the remnant of the Serbian division,
+and then, with her Serbs and her Unit around her, she
+landed on the shores of England, to die.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTE:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_21_21" id="Footnote_21_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> <i>A History of The Scottish Women's Hospitals.</i></p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XIII" id="CHAPTER_XIII"></a>CHAPTER XIII</h2>
+
+<h3>"THE NEW WORK" AND MEMORIES</h3>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<div>"Never knew I a braver going</div>
+<div>Never read I of one....</div>
+</div></div>
+
+<blockquote><p>"You faced the shadow with all tenderest words of love for all of
+us, but with not one selfish syllable on your lips."<a name="FNanchor_22_22" id="FNanchor_22_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_22_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a></p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Dr. Inglis was brought on shore on Sunday evening,
+and a room was taken for her in the Station Hotel at
+Newcastle.</p>
+
+<p>"The victory over Death has begun when the fear of
+death is destroyed."</p>
+
+<p>She had been dying by inches for months. She had
+fought Death in Russia; she had fought him through all
+the long voyage. It was a strange warfare. For he
+was not to be stayed. Irresistible, majestic, wonderful,
+he took his toll&mdash;and yet she remained untouched by
+him! With unclouded vision, undimmed faith, and undaunted
+courage, serene and triumphant, in the last, <i>she
+passed him by</i>.</p>
+
+<p>There was no fear in that room on the evening that
+Elsie Inglis "went forth."</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Ethel Williams writes of her in November, 1919:
+"The demonstration of serenity of spirit and courage
+during Dr. Inglis's last illness was so wonderful that it
+has dwelt with me ever since. At first one felt that she
+did not in the least grasp the seriousness of her condition,
+but very soon one realized that she was just meeting
+fresh events with the same fearlessness and serenity
+of spirit as she had met the uncertainties and difficulties
+of life."</p>
+
+<p>One of her nieces was with her the whole of that last
+day. After Dr. Ethel Williams's visit, when for the first<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span>
+time Elsie Inglis realized that the last circle of her work
+on earth was complete, she said to her niece, "It is grand
+to think of beginning a new work over there!"</p>
+
+<p>By the evening her sisters were with her. To the very
+last her mind was clear, her spirit dominant. Her confident
+"I know," in response to every thought and word
+of comfort offered to her, was the outward expression of
+her inward State of Faith.</p>
+
+<p>What made her passing so mighty and full of triumph?
+Surely it was the "Power of an Endless Life," that idea
+to which she had committed herself years ago as she had
+stood at the open grave where the first seemingly hopeless
+good-bye had been said. The Power of that Endless
+Life, the Life of Christ, carried her forward on its
+mighty current into the New Region shut out from our
+view, but where the Life is still the same.</p>
+
+<p>We have watched through these pages the widening
+circles of Elsie Inglis's life. Her medical profession,
+The Hospice, the Women's Movement, the Scottish
+Women's Hospitals, Serbia, her achievements in Russia&mdash;these
+we know of; the work which has been given to
+her now is beyond our knowledge; but "we look after
+her with love and admiration, and know that somewhere,
+just out of sight, she is still working in her own keen
+way," circle after circle of service widening out in endless
+joyousness.</p>
+
+<p>On Thursday, November 29, St. Giles's Cathedral in
+Edinburgh was filled with a great congregation, assembled
+to do honour to the memory of Elsie Inglis. She
+was buried with military honours. At the end of the
+service the Hallelujah Chorus was played, and after the
+Last Post the buglers of the Royal Scots rang out the
+R&eacute;veill&eacute;. From the door of the Cathedral to the Dean
+Cemetery the streets were lined with people waiting to
+see her pass. "Dr. Inglis was buried with marks of
+respect and recognition which make that passing stand
+alone in the history of the last rites of any of her fellow-citizens."
+It was not a funeral, but a triumph. "What
+a triumphal home-coming she had!" said one friend.
+And another wrote: "How glorious the service was yesterday!
+I don't know if you intended it, but one impression
+was uppermost in my mind, which became more<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span>
+distinct after I left, until by evening it stood out clear
+and strong. The note of <i>Victory</i>. I had a curious impression
+that her spirit was there, just before it passed
+on to larger spheres, and that it was glad. I felt I must
+tell you. I wonder if you felt it too. The note of Victory
+was bigger than the war. The Soul triumphant
+passing on. The R&eacute;veill&eacute; expressed it."</p>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="gs107.jpg" id="gs107.jpg"></a><img src="images/gs107.jpg" width='514' height='700' alt="THE HIGH STREET, EDINBURGH, LOOKING TOWARDS ST. GILES" /></p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>Photo by D. Scott</i></p>
+
+<h4>THE HIGH STREET, EDINBURGH, LOOKING TOWARDS ST. GILES</h4>
+
+<p>In the two Memorial Services held to commemorate
+Dr. Inglis, one in St. Giles's Cathedral and the other in
+St. Margaret's, Westminster, a week later, the whole
+nation and all the interests of her life were represented.</p>
+
+<p>Royalty was represented, the Foreign Office, the War
+Office, the Admiralty, different bodies of women workers,
+the Suffrage cause, the Medical world, the Serbians,
+and&mdash;the children.</p>
+
+<p>Scores of "her children" were in St. Giles's, scattered
+through the congregation; in the crowds who lined the
+streets, they were seen hanging on to their mothers'
+skirts; and they were round the open grave in the Dean
+Cemetery. These were the children of the wynds and
+closes of the High Street, some of them bearing her
+name, "Elsie Maud," to whom she had never been too
+tired or too busy to respond when they needed her
+medical help or when "they waved to her across the
+street."</p>
+
+<p class='tbrk'>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>"The estimate of a life of such throbbing energy, the
+summing up of achievement and influence in due proportion&mdash;these
+belong to a future day. But we are
+wholly justified in doing honour to the memory of a
+woman whose personality won the heart of an entire
+brave nation, and of whom one of the gallant Serbian
+officers who bore her body to the grave said, with simple
+earnestness: 'We would almost rather have lost a battle
+than lost her!'"<a name="FNanchor_23_23" id="FNanchor_23_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_23_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a></p>
+
+<p>"Alongside the wider public loss, the full and noble
+public recognition, there stands in the shadow the unspoken
+sorrow of her Unit. The price has been paid,
+and paid as Dr. Inglis herself would have wished it, on
+the high completion of a chapter in her work, but we
+stand bowed before the knowledge of how profound and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span>
+how selfless was that surrender. Month after month her
+courage and her endurance never flagged. Daily and
+hourly, in the very agony of suffering and death, she
+gave her life by inches. Sad and more difficult though
+the road must seem to us now, our privilege has been a
+proud one: to have served and worked with her, to
+have known the unfailing support of her strength and
+sympathy, and, best of all, to be permitted to preserve
+through life the memory and the stimulus of a supreme
+ideal."<a name="FNanchor_24_24" id="FNanchor_24_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_24_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a></p>
+
+<p>"So passes the soul of a very gallant woman. Living,
+she spent herself lavishly for humanity. Dying, she
+joins the great unseen army of Happy Warriors, who
+as they pass on fling to the ranks behind a torch which,
+pray God, may never become a cold and lifeless thing."<a name="FNanchor_25_25" id="FNanchor_25_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_25_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a></p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_22_22" id="Footnote_22_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22_22"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> In a letter written to his son after his death: see <i>Life beyond
+Death</i>, by Minot Judson Savage.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_23_23" id="Footnote_23_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> The Very Rev. Wallace Williamson.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_24_24" id="Footnote_24_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24_24"><span class="label">[24]</span></a> Miss Yvonne Fitzroy in <i>With the Scottish Nurses in Roumania</i>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_25_25" id="Footnote_25_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_25_25"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> A writer in the <i>Sunday Times</i>.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="BIBLIOGRAPHY" id="BIBLIOGRAPHY"></a>BIBLIOGRAPHY</h2>
+
+<p>[The following books will be found of value by those
+whose interest may have been awakened by these pages
+to desire to know more of the career chosen by Elsie
+Inglis, and to gain an entrance into the lives of other
+men and women who have followed the medical profession
+both at home and abroad.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed</span>.]</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>The Problem of Creation. By J. E. Mercer, Bp. S.P.C.K.</p>
+
+<p>Pioneers of Progress (Men of Science). Edited by S. Chapman,
+M.A., D.Sc. S.P.C.K.</p>
+
+<p>God and the World. By Canon A. W. Robinson. S.P.C.K.</p>
+
+<p>The Natural and Supernatural in Science and Religion. By J. M.
+Wilson. S.P.C.K.</p>
+
+<p>The Mystery of Life. By J. E. Mercer, Bp. S.P.C.K.</p>
+
+<p>Where Science and Religion Meet. By Scott Palmer. S.P.C.K.</p>
+
+<p>The Natural Law in the Spiritual World. By Henry Drummond.
+Hodder and Stoughton.</p>
+
+<p>Introduction to Science. By Prof. J. A. Thomson. Williams and
+Norgate.</p>
+
+<p>The Warder of Life. By Prof. J. A. Thomson. Melrose and Sons.</p>
+
+<p>Secrets of Animal Life. By Prof. J. A. Thomson. Melrose and
+Sons.</p>
+
+<p>Darwinism and Human Life. By Prof. J. A. Thomson. Melrose
+and Sons.</p>
+
+<p>A History of the Scottish Women's Hospitals. By Eva Shaw McLaren.
+Hodder and Stoughton.</p>
+
+<p>Vikings of To-day. By W. T. Grenfell. Marshall Bros.</p>
+
+<p>Father Damien. By Edward Clifford. Macmillan.</p>
+
+<p>The Life of David Livingstone. By W. G. Blakie, D.D., LL.D.
+John Murray.</p>
+
+<p>Among the Wild Tribes of the Afghan Frontier. By Dr. Pennell.
+Seeley, Service.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Pennell of the Afghan Frontier. By A. M. Pennell. Seeley, Service.</p>
+
+<p>Memoirs and Letters of Sir James Paget. By Stephen Paget.
+Longmans, Green.</p>
+
+<p>Lord Lister: His Life and Work. By G. T. Wrench. Longmans,
+Green.</p>
+
+<p>The Life of Pasteur. By Ren&eacute; Vallery-Radot. Constable.</p>
+
+<p>A Woman Doctor&mdash;Mary Murdoch of Hull. By Hope Malleson.
+Sidgwick and Jackson.</p>
+
+<p>The Life of Sophia Jex-Blake. By Margaret Todd. Macmillan.</p>
+
+<p>Sir Victor Horsley. By Stephen Paget. Constable.</p>
+
+<p>At Work: Letters of Maria Elizabeth Hayes, M.D. Edited by Mrs.
+Hayes. S.P.G.</p>
+
+<p>Pioneer Work for Women (see Bibliography, page xiv.). By Dr.
+Elizabeth Blackwell. Dent.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Jackson of Manchuria. By Rev. A. J. Costain, B.A. Hodder
+and Stoughton.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Isabel Mitchell of Manchuria. By Rev. F. W. S. O'Neill.
+J. Clarke.</p>
+
+<p>The Way of the Good Physician. By Henry Hodgkin. L.M.S.</p>
+
+<p>The Claim of Suffering. By Elma Paget. S.P.G.</p>
+
+<p>Companions of My Solitude. By Sir A. Helps. George Routledge.</p>
+
+<p>Friends in Council (2 vols.). By Sir A. Helps. John Murray.</p>
+
+<p>Confessio Medici. Macmillan.</p>
+
+<p>I Wonder. By Stephen Paget. Macmillan.</p>
+
+<p>I Sometimes Think. By Stephen Paget. Macmillan.</p>
+
+<p>The Corner of Harley Street: Being Some Familiar Correspondence
+of Peter Harding, M.D. Constable.</p>
+
+<p>Living Water. By Harold Begbie. Headley Bros.</p>
+
+<p>Essays on Vocation. Edited by Basil Mathews. (A second series is
+in course of preparation.) Oxford University Press.</p>
+
+<p>Body and Soul. By Dr. Dearmer. Isaac Pitman.</p>
+
+<p>Common Sense. By Dr. Jane Walker. Privately printed.</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class='tbrk'>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p class='center'>BILLING AND SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Elsie Inglis, by Eva Shaw McLaren
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@@ -0,0 +1,3923 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Elsie Inglis, by Eva Shaw McLaren
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Elsie Inglis
+       The Woman with the Torch
+
+Author: Eva Shaw McLaren
+
+Commentator: Lena Ashwell
+
+Release Date: June 7, 2006 [EBook #18530]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ELSIE INGLIS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Suzanne Lybarger, Brian Janes, Martin Pettit
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ELSIE INGLIS
+
+[Illustration: _Photo by Bassano_
+
+ELSIE INGLIS
+
+AFTER HER RETURN FROM SERBIA IN 1916
+
+_Frontispiece_]
+
+
+             PIONEERS OF PROGRESS
+
+                     WOMEN
+
+          EDITED BY ETHEL M. BARTON
+
+
+                 ELSIE INGLIS
+
+           THE WOMAN WITH THE TORCH
+
+
+                      BY
+
+               EVA SHAW McLAREN
+
+
+               WITH A PREFACE BY
+
+                 LENA ASHWELL
+
+
+                    LONDON
+
+             SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING
+              CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE
+        NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
+                     1920
+
+
+
+     _Great souls who sailed uncharted seas,
+       Battling with hostile winds and tide,
+     Strong hands that forged forbidden keys,
+       And left the door behind them, wide_.
+
+     _Diggers for gold where most had failed,
+       Smiling at deeds that brought them Fame,--
+     Lighters of Lamps that have not failed,--
+       Lend us your oil and share your flame._
+
+
+
+                      TO
+                  AMY SIMSON
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE
+
+
+"To light a path for men to come" is the privilege of the pioneer; and
+the life of a pioneer, the hewer of a new path, is always encouraging,
+whether he who goes before to open the way be a voyager to the Poles or
+the uttermost parts of the earth, in imminent danger of physical death,
+or whether he be an adventurer, cutting a path to a new race
+consciousness, revealing the power of service in new vocations, evoking
+new powers, and living in hourly danger of mental suffocation by
+prejudices and inhibitions of race tradition.
+
+The women's irresistible movement, which has so suddenly flooded all
+departments of work previously considered the monopoly of men, required
+from the leaders indomitable courage, selflessness, and faith, qualities
+of imperishable splendour; and to read the life of Elsie Inglis is to
+recognize instantly that she was one of these ruthless adventurers,
+hewing her way through all perils and difficulties to bring to pass the
+dreams of thousands of women. The world's standard of success may appear
+to give the prize to those who collect things, but in reality the crown
+of victory, the laurel wreath, the tribute beyond all material value, is
+always reserved for those invisible, intangible qualities which are
+evinced in character.
+
+It is wonderful to read how slowly and surely that character was formed
+through twenty years of monotonous routine. The establishing of a
+Hospice for women and children, run entirely by women, was not a popular
+movement, and through long years of dull, arduous work, patient, silent,
+honest, dedicated unconsciously to the service of others, she laid the
+foundations which led to her great achievement, and so, full of courage
+and growing in power, like Nelson she developed a blind eye, to which
+she put her telescope in times of bewilderment; she could never see the
+difficulties which loomed large in her way--sex prejudices and mountains
+of race convictions to be moved--and so she moved them!
+
+In founding The Hospice she gave herself first to the women and children
+round her; later, in the urgent call of the Suffrage movement, she
+devoted herself whole-heartedly to the service of the women of the
+country, and so she was ready when the war came. Her own country refused
+her services; but Providence has a strange way of turning what appears
+to be evil into great good. The refusal of the British Government to
+accept the services of medically trained women caused them to offer
+their services elsewhere; and so she went first to help the French, and
+then to encourage and serve Serbia in her dire need.
+
+And so from the first she was a pioneer: in doing medical work among
+women and children; in achieving the rights of citizenship for women;
+and in the further great adventure of establishing the true League of
+Nations which lies in the will to serve mankind.
+
+                                                 LENA ASHWELL
+                                                 (MRS. HENRY SIMSON)
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION
+
+
+A most interesting _Life_ of Elsie Inglis, written a short time ago by
+the Lady Frances Balfour, has had a wide circulation which has proved
+the appreciation of the public.
+
+This second _Life_ appears at the request of The Society for Promoting
+Christian Knowledge that I should write a short memoir of my sister, to
+be included in the "Pioneers of Progress" Series which it is publishing.
+I undertake the duty with joy.
+
+In accordance with the series in which it appears, the _Life_ is a short
+one, but it has been possible to incorporate in it some fresh material.
+Not the least interesting is what has been taken from the manuscript of
+a novel by Dr. Inglis, found amongst her papers some time after her
+death. It is called _The Story of a Modern Woman_. It was probably
+written between the years 1906 and 1914; the outbreak of the war may
+have prevented its publication. The date given in the first chapter of
+the story is 1904. Very evidently the book expresses Elsie Inglis's
+views on life. Quotations have been made from it, as it gives an insight
+into her own character and experiences.
+
+The endeavour has been made to draw a picture of her as she appeared to
+those who knew her best. She was certainly a fine character, full of
+life and movement, ever growing and developing, ever glorying in new
+adventure. There was no stagnation about Elsie Inglis. Independent,
+strong, keen (if sometimes impatient), and generous, from her childhood
+she was ever a great giver.
+
+Alongside all the energy and force in her character there were great
+depths of tenderness. "Nothing like sitting on the floor for half an
+hour playing with little children to prepare you for a strenuous bit of
+work," was one of her sayings.
+
+Not to many women, perhaps, have other women given such a wealth of
+love as they gave to Elsie Inglis. In innumerable letters received after
+her death is traceable the idea expressed by one woman: "In all your
+sorrow, remember, I loved her too."
+
+Those who worked with her point again and again to a characteristic that
+distinguished her all her life--her complete disregard of the opinion of
+others about herself personally, while she pursued the course her
+conscience dictated, and yet she drew to herself the affectionate regard
+of many who knew her for the first time during the last three years of
+her life.
+
+What her own countrymen thought of her will be found in the pages of
+this book, but the touching testimony of a Serb and a Russian may be
+given here. A Serb orderly expressed his devotion in a way that Dr.
+Inglis used to recall with a smile: "Missis Doctor, I love you better
+than my mother, and my wife, and my family. Missis Doctor, I will never
+leave you."
+
+And a soldier from Russia said of her: "She was loved amongst us as a
+queen, and respected as a saint."
+
+"In her _Life_ you want the testimony of those who saw _her_. Dr.
+Inglis's work before and during the war will find its place in any
+enduring record; what you want to impress on the minds of the succeeding
+generation is _the quality of the woman_ of which that work was the
+final expression."
+
+Something of what that quality was appears, it is hoped, in the pages of
+this memoir. I am grateful to men and women of varied outlook, who knew
+her at different periods of her life, for memories which have been drawn
+upon in this effort to picture Elsie Inglis.
+
+                                                    EVA SHAW McLAREN
+
+
+
+
+SYLLABUS OF CHAPTERS
+
+                                                           PAGES
+PREFACE                                                      vii
+
+INTRODUCTION                                                  ix
+
+                          CHAPTER I
+
+                         ELSIE INGLIS
+
+Tributes from various sources--A woman of solved problems    1-2
+
+                          CHAPTER II
+
+              THE ROCK FROM WHICH SHE WAS HEWN
+
+Elsie Inglis the central figure on the stage--Men and women of
+the past, the people of her race, crowd round her--Their
+influence on her--Their spirit seen in hers                  3-6
+
+                         CHAPTER III
+
+                          1864-1894
+
+Childhood in India--Friendship with her father--Schooldays in
+Edinburgh--Death of her mother--Study of Medicine--Death
+of her father--Practice started in Edinburgh in 1894--Twenty
+years of professional life: interests, friendships--Varied
+Descriptions of Dr. Inglis by Miss S. E. S. Mair and Dr.
+Beatrice Russell                                            7-12
+
+                         CHAPTER IV
+
+                     HER MEDICAL CAREER
+
+Fellow-students' and doctors' reminiscences--The New School of
+Medicine for Women in Edinburgh--The growth of her
+practice--Her sympathy with her poor patients--The founding
+of The Hospice--Some characteristics                       13-19
+
+                         CHAPTER V
+
+                    THE SOLVED PROBLEMS
+
+The problems of the unmarried woman--Dr. Inglis's unpublished
+novel, _The Story of a Modern Woman_--Quotations from the
+novel--Many parts of novel evidently autobiographical--Heroine
+in novel solves the problem of "the lonely woman"          20-24
+
+                        CHAPTER VI
+
+                      "HER CHILDREN"
+
+Dr. Inglis a child-lover--Her writings full of the descriptions
+of children--Quotations from the novel                     25-27
+
+                        CHAPTER VII
+
+                        THE HOSPICE
+
+Founded 1901--Description of premises in the High Street
+amongst the poor of Edinburgh--Dr. Inglis's love for The
+Hospice                                                   28-31
+
+                       CHAPTER VIII
+
+                   THE SUFFRAGE CAMPAIGN
+
+Justice of claim appealed to Dr. Inglis--Worked from
+constitutional point of view--Founding of Scottish Federation of
+Suffrage Societies--Dr. Inglis's activities for the
+cause--Tributes from women who worked with her--Description of
+meeting addressed by her                                   32-41
+
+                        CHAPTER IX
+
+                SCOTTISH WOMEN'S HOSPITALS
+
+Dr. Inglis at the outbreak of war: Full of vigour and
+enthusiasm--Idea mooted at Federation Committee Meeting--Rapid
+growth--Hospitals in the field in December                 42-44
+
+                        CHAPTER X
+
+                          SERBIA
+
+Dreadful condition of country--Arrival of Dr. Soltau and Dr.
+Hutchison and Unit--Dr. Inglis's arrival in May, 1915--Fountain
+at Mladanovatz--Letter from officer who designed
+fountain--Dr. Inglis and her Unit taken prisoners in
+November--Account of work at Krushevatz--Release in
+February, 1916--Tributes from Miss Christitch and Lieut.-Colonel
+Popovitch                                                  45-58
+
+                       CHAPTER XI
+
+                         RUSSIA
+
+Dr. Inglis's start for Russia in August, 1916--Unit attached to
+Serb Division near Odessa--Three weeks' work at
+Medjidia--Retreat to Braila--Order of three retreats--Work at
+Reni--Description of Dr. Inglis by one of her Unit--Account
+of her last Communion                                      59-71
+
+                      CHAPTER XII
+
+          "IF YOU WANT US HOME, GET _THEM_ OUT"
+
+Serb Division in unenviable position--Dr. Inglis's determination
+to save them from wholesale slaughter--Hard work through
+summer months to achieve their safety--Efforts crowned with
+success--Left for England in October, bringing her Unit and
+the Division with her                                      72-74
+
+                     CHAPTER XIII
+
+             "THE NEW WORK" AND MEMORIES
+
+Landed at Newcastle on November 23, 1917--Illness on voyage--Dr.
+Ethel Williams's testimony to her fearlessness in facing
+death--Triumph in passing--Scenes at funeral in
+Edinburgh--Memories                                        75-78
+
+BIBLIOGRAPHY                                               79-80
+
+
+
+
+                 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+DR. ELSIE INGLIS IN 1916, AFTER HER RETURN FROM
+SERBIA                                            _Frontispiece_
+
+                                                     FACING PAGE
+
+THE THREE MISS FENDALLS                                        4
+From a picture in the possession of Brigadier-General C. Fendall
+
+ELSIE INGLIS AT THE AGE OF TWO YEARS                           7
+
+JOHN FORBES DAVID INGLIS, ELSIE INGLIS'S FATHER               10
+
+THE HOSPICE, HIGH STREET, EDINBURGH                           28
+
+ELSIE INGLIS, BY IVAN MESTROVICH                              45
+In the Scottish National Gallery
+
+ELSIE INGLIS IN AUGUST, 1916, BEFORE LEAVING FOR RUSSIA       58
+
+THE HIGH STREET, LOOKING TOWARDS ST. GILES'S                  76
+
+
+
+
+ELSIE INGLIS
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I
+
+ELSIE INGLIS
+
+
+The War.
+
+"Elsie Inglis was one of the heroic figures of the war."[1]
+
+
+Suffrage.
+
+"During the whole years of the Suffrage struggle, while the National
+Union of Women's Suffrage Societies was growing and developing, Dr.
+Elsie Inglis stood as a tower of strength, and her unbounded energy and
+unfailing courage helped the cause forward in more ways than she knew.
+To the London Society she stood out as a supporter of wise councils and
+bold measures; time after time, in the decisions of the Union, they
+found themselves by her side, and from England to Scotland they learned
+to look to her as to a staunch friend.
+
+"Later, when the war transformed the work of the Societies of the Union,
+they trusted and followed her still, and it is their comfort now to
+think that in all her time of need it was their privilege to support
+her."[2]
+
+
+Medical.
+
+"We medical women in Scotland will miss her very much, for she was
+indeed a strong rock amongst us all."[3]
+
+
+Scottish Women's Hospitals.
+
+"Those who work in the hospitals she founded and for the Units she
+commanded, and all who witnessed her labours, feel inspired by her
+dauntless example. The character of the Happy Warrior was in some
+measure her character. We reverence her calm fearlessness and forceful
+energies, her genius for overcoming obstacles, her common sense, her
+largeness of mind and purpose, and we rejoice in the splendour of her
+achievements."[4]
+
+
+Home.
+
+"It is not of her great qualities that I think now, but rather that she
+was such a darling."[5]
+
+
+Serbia.
+
+"By her knowledge she cured the physical wounds of the Serb soldiers. By
+her shining face she cured their souls. Silent, busy, smiling--that was
+her method. She strengthened the faith of her patients in _knowledge_
+and in _Christianity_. Scotland hardly could send to Serbia a better
+Christian missionary."[6]
+
+
+As the days pass, bringing the figure of Elsie Inglis into perspective,
+these true and beautiful pictures of her fall quietly into the
+background, and one idea begins slowly to emerge and to expand, and to
+become the most real fact about her. As we follow her outward life and
+read the writings she left behind her, we come to realize that her
+greatness lay not so much in the things she achieved as in the hidden
+power of her spirit. _She was a woman of solved problems._ The
+far-reaching qualities of her mind and character are but the outcome of
+this inward condition.
+
+All men and women have problems; few solve them. The solved problem in
+any life is the expression of genius, and is the cause of strength and
+peace in the character.
+
+
+"It is amazing how sometimes a name begins to shine like a star, and
+then to glow and glow until it fills the firmament. Such a name is Elsie
+Inglis."[7]
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] Dr. Seton-Watson.
+
+[2] The London Committee of the N.U.W.S.S.
+
+[3] A medical colleague.
+
+[4] Mrs. Flinders Petrie.
+
+[5] I. A. W., niece.
+
+[6] Bishop Nicolai Velimirovic.
+
+[7] Rev. Norman Maclean, D.D.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II
+
+THE ROCK FROM WHICH SHE WAS HEWN
+
+
+     _"It is not the weariness of mortality, but the Strength of
+     Divinity which we have to recognize in all mighty things."_
+
+
+In the centre stands Elsie Inglis, the "woman of gentle breeding, short
+of stature, alert, and with the eyes of a seer," and "a smile like
+sunshine"; and on either side and behind this central figure the stage
+is crowded with men and women of long ago, the people of her race. One
+by one they catch our eye, and we note their connection with the central
+figure.
+
+Far back in the group (for it is near two hundred years ago) stands Hugh
+Inglis, hailing from Inverness-shire. He was a loyal supporter of Prince
+Charlie, and the owner of a yacht, which he used in gun-running in the
+service of the Prince.
+
+A little nearer are two of Elsie's great-grandfathers, John Fendall and
+Alexander Inglis. John Fendall was Governor of Java at the time when the
+island was restored to the Dutch. The Dutch fleet arrived to take it
+over before Fendall had received his instructions from the Government,
+and he refused to give it up till they reached him--a gesture not
+without a parallel in the later years of the life of his descendant.
+Alexander Inglis, leaving Inverness-shire, emigrated to South Carolina,
+and was there killed in a duel fought on some point of honour. Through
+his wife, Mary Deas, Elsie's descent runs up to Robert the Bruce on the
+one hand, and, on the other, to a family who left France after the
+revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and settled in Scotland.
+
+As we thread our way through the various figures on the stage we are
+attracted by a group of three women. They are the daughters of the
+Governor of Java, "the three Miss Fendalls." One of them, Harriet, is
+Elsie's grandmother. All three married, and their descendants in the
+second generation numbered well over a hundred! Harriet Fendall married
+George Powney Thompson, whose father was at one time secretary to Warren
+Hastings. George Thompson himself was a member of the East India
+Company, and ruled over large provinces in India. One of their nine
+daughters, Harriet Thompson, was Elsie's mother.
+
+On the other side of the stage, in the same generation as the Miss
+Fendalls, is another group of women. These are the three sisters of
+Elsie's grandfather, David Inglis, son of Alexander, who fared forth to
+South Carolina, and counted honour more dear than life.
+
+David was evidently a restless, keen, adventurous man; many years of his
+life were spent in India in the service of the East India Company. Of
+his three sisters--Katherine, painted by Raeburn; Mary, gentle and
+quiet; and Elizabeth--we linger longest near Elizabeth. She never
+married, and was an outstanding personality in the little family. She
+was evidently conversant with all the questions of the day, and
+commented on them in the long, closely written letters which have been
+preserved.
+
+After David's return from India he must have intended at one time to
+stand for Parliament. Elizabeth writes to him from her "far corner" in
+Inverness-shire, giving him stirring advice, and demanding from him an
+uncompromising, high standard. She tells him to "unfurl his banner"; she
+knows "he will carry his religion into his politics." "Separate religion
+from politics!" cries Elizabeth; "as well talk of separating our every
+duty from religion!"
+
+Needless anxiety, one would think, on the part of the good Highland
+lady, for the temptation to leave religion out of any of his activities
+can scarcely have assailed David. We read that when Elsie's grandfather
+had returned from the East to England he used to give missionary
+addresses, not, one would think, a common form of activity in a retired
+servant of the East India Company. One hears this note of genuine
+religion in the lives of those forebears of Elsie's.
+
+[Illustration: Lady D'Oyly   Mrs. Lowis   Mrs. Thompson (Elsie's
+Grandmother)
+
+THE MISSES FENDALL
+
+FROM A DRAWING IN THE POSSESSION OF BRIGADIER-GENERAL C. FENDALL, C.B.,
+C.M.G., D.S.O., ETC.]
+
+"The extraordinary thing in all the letters, whether they were
+written by an Inglis, a Deas, or a Money, is the pervading note of
+strong religious faith. They not only refer to religion, but often, in
+truly Scottish fashion, they enter on long theological dissertations."
+
+David married Martha Money. Close to Martha on the stage stands her
+brother, William Taylor Money, Elsie's great-uncle. We greet him gladly,
+for he was a man of character. He was a friend of Wilberforce, and a
+Member of Parliament when the Anti-Slavery Bill was passed. Afterwards
+"he owned a merchant vessel, and gained great honour by his capture of
+several of the Dutch fleet, who mistook him for a British man-of-war,
+the smart appearance of his vessel with its manned guns deceiving them."
+There is a picture in Trinity House of his vessel bringing in the Dutch
+ships. Later, he was Consul-General at Venice and the north of Italy,
+where he died, in 1834, in his gondola! He had strong religious
+convictions, and would never infringe the sacredness of the Sabbath-day
+by any "secular work." In a short biography of him, written in 1835, the
+weight of his religious beliefs, which made themselves felt both in
+Parliament and when Consul, is dwelt on at length. A son of David and
+Martha Inglis, John Forbes David Inglis, was Elsie's father. John went
+to India in 1840, following his father's footsteps in the service of the
+East India Company. Thirty-six years of his life were spent there, with
+only one short furlough home. He rose to distinction in the service, and
+gained the love and trust of the Indian peoples. After he retired in
+1876 one of his Indian friends addressed a letter to him, "John Inglis,
+England, Tasmania, or wherever else he may be, this shall be delivered
+to him," and through the ingenuity of the British Post Office it was
+delivered in Tasmania.
+
+Elsie's mother, Harriet Thompson, went out to India when she was
+seventeen to her father, George Powney Thompson. She married when she
+was eighteen.
+
+She met her future husband, John Inglis, at a dance in her father's
+house. Her children were often told by their father of the white muslin
+dress, with large purple flowers all over it, worn by her that evening,
+and how he and several of his friends, young men in the district, drove
+fifty miles to have the chance of dancing with her!
+
+"She must have had a steady nerve, for her letters are full of various
+adventures in camp and tiger-haunted jungles, and most of them narrate
+the presence of one of her infants, who was accompanying the parents on
+their routine of Indian official life." In 1858, when John Inglis was
+coming home on his one short furlough, she trekked down from Lahore to
+Calcutta with the six children in country conveyances. The journey took
+four months; then came the voyage round the Cape, another four months.
+Of course she had the help of ayahs and bearers on the journeys, but
+even with such help it was no easy task.
+
+John Inglis saw his family settled in Southampton, and almost
+immediately had to return to India, on the outbreak of the Mutiny. His
+wife stayed at home with the children, until India was again a safe
+place for English women, when she rejoined her husband in 1863.
+
+
+They crowd round Elsie Inglis, these men and women in their quaint and
+attractive costumes of long ago; we feel their influence on her; we see
+their spirit mingling with hers. As we run our eye over the crowded
+stage, we see the dim outline of the rock from which she was hewn, we
+feel the spirit which was hers, and we hail it again as it drives her
+forth to play her part in the great drama of the last three years of her
+life.
+
+The members of every family, every group of blood relations, are held
+together by the unseen spirit of their generations. It matters little
+whether they can trace their descent or not; the peculiar spirit of that
+race which is theirs fashions them for particular purposes and work. And
+what are they all but the varied expressions of the One Divine Mind, of
+the Endless Life of God?
+
+[Illustration: ELSIE INGLIS
+
+AT THE AGE OF 2 YEARS]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III
+
+1864-1894
+
+
+Elsie Inglis was born on August 16, 1864, in India. The wide plains of
+India, the "huddled hills" and valleys of the Himalayas, were the
+environment with which Nature surrounded her for the first twelve years
+of her life. Her childhood was a happy one, and the most perfect
+friendship existed between her and her father from her earliest days.
+
+"All our childhood is full of remembrances of father.[8] He never forgot
+our birthdays; however hot it was down in the scorched plains, when the
+day came round, if we were up in the hills, a large parcel would arrive
+from him. His very presence was joy and strength when he came to us at
+Naini Tal. What a remembrance there is of early breakfasts and early
+walks with him--the father and the three children! The table was spread
+in the verandah between six and seven. Father made three cups of cocoa,
+one for each of us, and then the glorious walk! The ponies followed
+behind, each with their attendant grooms, and two or three red-coated
+chaprassies, father stopping all along the road to talk to every native
+who wished to speak to him, while we three ran about, laughing and
+interested in everything. Then, at night, the shouting for him after we
+were in bed, and father's step bounding up the stair in Calcutta, or
+coming along the matted floor of our hill home. All order and quietness
+were flung to the winds while he said good-night to us.
+
+"It was always understood that Elsie and he were special chums, but that
+never made any jealousy. Father was always just. The three cups of cocoa
+were always the same in quantity and quality. We got equal shares of
+his right and his left hand in our walks; but Elsie and he were
+comrades, inseparables from the day of her birth.
+
+"In the background of our lives there was always the quiet, strong
+mother, whose eyes and smile live on through the years. Every morning
+before the breakfast and walk there were five minutes when we sat in
+front of her in a row on little chairs in her room and read the
+Scripture verses in turn, and then knelt in a straight, quiet row and
+repeated the prayers after her. Only once can I remember father being
+angry with any of us, and that was when one of us ventured to hesitate
+in instant obedience to some wish of hers. I still see the room in which
+it happened, and the thunder in his voice is with me still."
+
+There was a constant change of scene during these years in
+India--Allahabad, Naini Tal, Calcutta, Simla, and Lucknow. After her
+father retired, two years in Australia visiting older brothers who had
+settled there, and then in 1878 home to the land of her fathers.
+
+On the voyage home, when Elsie was about fourteen, her mother writes of
+her:
+
+"Elsie has found occupation for herself in helping to nurse sick
+children and look after turbulent boys who trouble everybody on board,
+and a baby of seven months old is an especial favourite with her."
+
+But through the changing scenes there was always growing and deepening
+the beautiful comradeship between father and daughter. The family
+settled in Edinburgh, and Elsie went to school to the Charlotte Square
+Institution, perhaps in those days the best school for girls in
+Edinburgh. In the history class taught by Mr. Hossack she was nearly
+always at the top.
+
+Of her school life in Edinburgh a companion writes:
+
+"I remember quite distinctly when the girls of 23, Charlotte Square were
+told that two girls from Tasmania were coming to the school, and a
+certain feeling of surprise that the said girls were just like ordinary
+mortals, though the big, earnest brows and the hair quaintly parted in
+the middle and done up in plaits fastened up at the back of the head
+were certainly not ordinary.
+
+"A friend has the story of a question going round the class; she thinks
+Clive or Warren Hastings was the subject of the lesson, and the question
+was what one would do if a calumny were spread about one. 'Deny it,' one
+girl answered. 'Fight it,' another. Still the teacher went on asking.
+'Live it down,' said Elsie. 'Right, Miss Inglis.' My friend writes: 'The
+question I cannot remember; it was the bright, confident smile with the
+answer, and Mr. Hossack's delighted wave to the top of the class that
+abides in my memory.'
+
+"I always think a very characteristic story of Elsie is her asking that
+the school might have permission to play in Charlotte Square Gardens. In
+those days no one thought of providing fresh-air exercise for girls
+except by walks, and tennis was just coming in. Elsie had the courage
+(to us schoolgirls it seemed extraordinary courage) to confront the
+three Directors of the school, and ask if we might be allowed to play in
+the gardens of the Square. The three Directors together were to us the
+most formidable and awe-inspiring body, though separately they were
+amiable and estimable men!
+
+"The answer was, we might play in the gardens if the residents of the
+Square would give their consent, and the heroic Elsie, with, I think,
+one other girl, actually went round to each house in the Square and
+asked consent of the owner. In those days the inhabitants of Charlotte
+Square were very select and exclusive indeed, and we all felt it was a
+brave thing to do. Elsie gained her point, and the girls played at
+certain hours in the Square till a regular playing-field was
+arranged.... Elsie's companion or companions in this first adventure to
+influence those in authority have been spoken of as 'her first
+Unit.'"[9]
+
+When she was eighteen she went for a year to Paris with six other girls,
+in charge of Miss Gordon Brown. She came home again shortly before her
+mother's death in January, 1885. Henceforth she was her father's
+constant companion. They took long walks together, talked on every
+subject, and enjoyed many humorous episodes together. On one point only
+they disagreed--Home Rule for Ireland: she for it, he against.
+
+During the nine years from 1885 to her father's death in 1894, she
+began and completed her medical studies with his full approval. The
+great fight for the opening of the door for women to study medicine had
+been fought and won earlier by Dr. Sophia Jex-Blake, Dr. Garrett
+Anderson, and others. But though the door was open, there was still much
+opposition to be encountered and a certain amount of persecution to be
+borne when the women of Dr. Inglis's time ventured to enter the halls of
+medical learning.
+
+Along the pathway made easy for them by these women of the past,
+hundreds of young women are to-day entering the medical profession. As
+we look at them we realize that in their hands, to a very large extent,
+lies the solving of the acutest problem of our race--the relation of the
+sexes. Will they fail us? Will they be content with a solution along
+lines that can only be called a second best? When we remember the
+clear-brained women in whose steps they follow, who opened the medical
+world for them, and whose spirits will for ever overshadow the women who
+walk in it, we know they will not fail us.
+
+Elsie Inglis pursued her medical studies in Edinburgh and Glasgow. After
+she qualified she was for six months House-Surgeon in the New Hospital
+for Women and Children in London, and then went to the Rotunda in Dublin
+for a few months' special study in midwifery.
+
+She returned home in March, 1894, in time to be with her father during
+his last illness. Daily letters had passed between them whenever she was
+away from home. His outlook on life was so broad and tolerant, his
+judgment on men and affairs so sane and generous, his religion so vital,
+that with perfect truth she could say, as she did, at one of the biggest
+meetings she addressed after her return from Serbia: "If I have been
+able to do anything, I owe it all to my father."
+
+After his death she started practice with Dr. Jessie Macgregor at 8,
+Walker Street, Edinburgh. It was a happy partnership for the few years
+it lasted, until for family reasons Dr. Macgregor left Scotland for
+America. Dr. Inglis stayed on in Walker Street, taking over Dr.
+Macgregor's practice. Then followed years of hard work and interests in
+many directions.
+
+[Illustration: JOHN FORBES DAVID INGLIS
+
+ELSIE INGLIS' FATHER
+
+"If I have been able to do anything--whatever I am, whatever I have
+done--I owe it all to my Father."
+
+_Elsie Inglis, at a meeting held in the Criterion Theatre, London, April
+5th, 1916_]
+
+The Hospice for Women and Children in the High Street of Edinburgh was
+started. Her practice grew, and she became a keen suffragist. During
+these years also she evidently faced and solved her problems.
+
+She was a woman capable of great friendships. During the twenty years of
+her professional life perhaps the three people who stood nearest to her
+were her sister, Mrs. Simson, and the Very Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Wallace
+Williamson. These friendships were a source of great strength and
+comfort to her.
+
+We may fitly close this chapter by quoting descriptions of Dr. Inglis by
+two of her friends--Miss S. E. S. Mair, of Edinburgh, and Dr. Beatrice
+Russell:
+
+"In outward appearance Dr. Inglis was no Amazon, but just a woman of
+gentle breeding, courteous, sweet-voiced, somewhat short of stature,
+alert, and with the eyes of a seer, blue-grey and clear, looking forth
+from under a brow wide and high, with soft brown hair brushed loosely
+back; with lips often parted in a radiant smile, discovering small white
+teeth and regular, but lips which were at times firmly closed with a
+fixity of purpose such as would warn off unwarrantable opposition or
+objections from less bold workers. Those clear eyes had a peculiar power
+of withdrawing on rare occasions, as it were, behind a curtain when
+their owner desired to absent herself from discussion of points on which
+she preferred to give no opinion. It was no mere expression such as
+absent-mindedness might produce, but was, as she herself was aware, a
+voluntary action of withdrawal from all participation in what was going
+on. The discussion over, in a moment the blinds would be up and the soul
+looked forth through its clear windows with steady gaze. Whether the
+aural doors had been closed also there is no knowing."
+
+
+"She was a keen politician--in the pre-war days a staunch supporter of
+the Liberal party, and in the years immediately preceding the war she
+devoted much of her time to work in connection with the Women's Suffrage
+movement. She was instrumental in organizing the Scottish Federation of
+Women's Suffrage Societies, and was Honorary Secretary of the Federation
+up to the time of her death. But the factor which most greatly
+contributed to her influence was the unselfishness of her work. She
+truly 'set the cause above renown' and loved 'the game beyond the
+prize.' She was always above the suspicion of working for ulterior
+motives or grinding a personal axe. It was ever the work, and not her
+own share in it, which concerned her, and no one was more generous in
+recognizing the work of others.
+
+"To her friends Elsie Inglis is a vivid memory, yet it is not easy
+clearly to put in words the many sides of her character. In the care of
+her patients she was sympathetic, strong, and unsparing of herself; in
+public life she was a good speaker and a keen fighter; while as a woman
+and a friend she was a delightful mixture of sound good sense, quick
+temper, and warm-hearted impulsiveness--a combination of qualities which
+won her many devoted friends. A very marked feature of her character was
+an unusual degree of optimism which never failed her. Difficulties never
+existed for Dr. Inglis, and were barely so much as thought of in
+connection with any cause she might have at heart. This, with her clear
+head and strong common sense, made her a real driving power, and any
+scheme which had her interest always owed much to her ability to push
+things through."
+
+
+In the following chapters the principal events in her life during these
+twenty years--1894 to 1914--will be dealt with in detail, before we
+arrive at the story of the last three years and of the "Going Forth."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[8] From contributions to _Dr. Elsie Inglis_, by Lady Frances Balfour.
+
+[9] _Dr. Elsie Inglis_, by Lady Frances Balfour.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV
+
+HER MEDICAL CAREER
+
+1894-1914
+
+
+During the years from 1894 to 1914 the main stream in Elsie Inglis's
+life was her medical work. This was her profession, her means of
+livelihood; it was also the source from which she drew conclusions in
+various directions, which influenced her conduct in after-years, and it
+supplied the foundation and the scaffolding for the structure of her
+achievements at home and abroad.
+
+The pursuit of her profession for twenty years in Edinburgh brought to
+her many experiences which roused new and wide interests, and which left
+their impress on her mind.
+
+One who was a fellow-student writes of her classmate: "She impressed one
+immediately with her mental and physical sturdiness. She had an
+extremely pleasant face, with a finely moulded forehead, soft, kind,
+fearless, blue eyes, and a smile, when it came, like sunshine; with this
+her mouth and chin were firm and determined."
+
+She was a student of the School of Medicine for Women in Edinburgh of
+which Dr. Jex-Blake was Dean--a fine woman of strong character, to whom,
+and to a small group of fellow-workers in England, women owe the opening
+of the door of the medical profession. As Dean, however, she may have
+erred in attempting an undue control over the students. To Elsie Inglis
+and some of her fellow-students this seemed to prejudice their liberty,
+and to frustrate an aim she always had in view, the recognition by the
+public of an equal footing on all grounds with men students. The
+difficulties became so great that Elsie Inglis at length left the
+Edinburgh school and continued her education at Glasgow, where at St.
+Margaret's College classes in medicine had recently been opened. A
+fellow-student writes: "Never very keenly interested in the purely
+scientific side of the curriculum, she had a masterly grasp of what was
+practical." She took her qualifying medical diploma in 1902.
+
+After her return to Edinburgh she started a scheme and brought it to
+fruition with that fearlessness and ability which at a later period came
+to be expected from her, both by her friends and by the public. With the
+help of sympathetic lecturers and friends of The Women's Movement, she
+succeeded in establishing a second School of Medicine for Women in
+Edinburgh, with its headquarters at Minto House, a building which had
+been associated with the study of medicine since the days of Syme. It
+proved a successful venture. After the close of Dr. Jex-Blake's school a
+few years later, it was the only school for women students in Edinburgh,
+and continued to be so till the University opened its doors to them.
+
+It was mainly due to Dr. Inglis's exertions that The Hospice was opened
+in the High Street of Edinburgh as a nursing home and maternity centre
+staffed by medical women. An account of it and of Dr. Inglis's work in
+connection with it is given in a later chapter.
+
+She was appointed Joint-Surgeon to the Edinburgh Bruntsfield Hospital
+and Dispensary for Women and Children, also staffed by women and one of
+the fruits of Dr. Jex-Blake's exertions. Here, again, Elsie Inglis's
+courage and energy made themselves felt. She desired a larger field for
+the usefulness of the institution, and proposed to enlarge the hospital
+to such an extent that its accommodation for patients should be doubled.
+A colleague writes: "Once again the number must be doubled, always with
+the same idea in view--_i.e._, to insure the possibilities for gaining
+experience for women doctors. Once again the committee was carried along
+on a wave of unprecedented effort to raise money. An eager band of
+volunteers was organized, among them some of her own students. Bazaars
+and entertainments were arranged, special appeals were issued, and the
+necessary money was found, and the alterations carried out. It was
+never part of Dr. Inglis's policy to wait till the money came in. She
+always played a bold game, and took risks which left the average person
+aghast, and in the end she invariably justified her action by
+accomplishing the task which she set herself, and, at times it must be
+owned, which she set an all too unwilling committee! But for that breezy
+and invincible faith and optimism the Scottish Women's Hospitals would
+never have taken shape in 1914."
+
+Dr. Inglis's plea for the Units of the Scottish Women's Hospital was
+always that they might be sent "where the need was greatest." In these
+years of work before the war the same motive, to supply help where it
+was most needed, seems to have guided her private practice, for we read:
+"Dr. Inglis was perhaps seen at her best in her dispensary work, for she
+was truly the friend and the champion of the working woman, and
+especially of the mother in poor circumstances and struggling to bring
+up a large family. Morrison Street Dispensary and St. Anne's Dispensary
+were the centre of this work, and for years to come mothers will be
+found in this district who will relate how Dr. Inglis put at their
+service the best of her professional skill and, more than that, gave
+them unstintedly of her sympathy and understanding."
+
+Dr. Wallace Williamson, of St. Giles's Cathedral, writing of her after
+her death, is conscious also of this impulse always manifesting itself
+in her to work where difficulties abounded. He points out: "Of her
+strictly professional career it may be truly said that her real
+attraction had been to work among the suffering poor.... She was seen at
+her best in hospice and dispensary, and in homes where poverty added
+keenness to pain. There she gave herself without reserve. Questions of
+professional rivalry or status of women slipped away in her large
+sympathy and helpfulness. Like a truly 'good physician,' she gave them
+from her own courage an uplift of spirit even more valuable than
+physical cure. She understood them and was their friend. To her they
+were not merely patients, but fellow-women. It was one of her great
+rewards that the poor folk to whom she gave of her best rose to her
+faith in them, whatever their privations or temptations. Her relations
+with them were remote from mere routine, and so distinctively human and
+real that her name is everywhere spoken with the note of personal loss.
+Had not the wider call come, this side of her work awaited the
+fulfilment of ever nobler dreams."
+
+She was loved and appreciated as a doctor not only by her poorer
+patients, but by those whom she attended in all ranks of society.
+
+Of her work as an operator and lecturer two of her colleagues say:
+
+"It was a pleasure to see Dr. Inglis in the operating-theatre. She was
+quiet, calm, and collected, and never at a loss, skilful in her
+manipulations, and able to cope with any emergency."
+
+"As a lecturer she proved herself clear and concise, and the level of
+her lectures never fell below that of the best established standards.
+Students were often heard to say that they owed to her a clear and a
+practical grasp of a subject which is inevitably one of the most
+important for women doctors."
+
+
+Should it be asked what was the secret of her success in her work, the
+answer would not be difficult to find. A clear brain she had, but she
+had more. She had vision, for her life was based on a profound trust in
+God, and her vision was that of a follower of Christ, the vision of the
+kingdom of heaven upon earth. This was the true source of that
+remarkable optimism which carried her over difficulties deemed by others
+insurmountable. Once started in pursuit of an object, she was most
+reluctant to abandon it, and her gaze was so keenly fixed on the end in
+view that it must be admitted she was found by some to be "ruthless" in
+the way in which she pushed on one side any who seemed to her to be
+delaying or obstructing the fulfilment of her project. There was,
+however, never any selfish motive prompting her; the end was always a
+noble one, for she had an unselfish, generous nature. An intimate
+friend, well qualified to judge, herself at first prejudiced against
+her, writes:
+
+"In everything she did that was always to me her most outstanding
+characteristic, her self-effacing and abounding generosity. Indeed, it
+was so characteristic of her that it was often misunderstood and her
+action was imputed to a desire for self-advertisement. A fellow-doctor
+told me that when she was working in one of the Edinburgh laboratories
+she heard men discussing something Dr. Inglis had undertaken, and,
+evidently finding her action quite incomprehensible, they concluded it
+was dictated by personal ambition. My friend turned on them in the most
+emphatic way: 'You were never more mistaken. The thought of self or
+self-interest never even entered Elsie Inglis's mind in anything she did
+or said.'" Again, another writes: "One recalls her generous appreciation
+of any good work done by other women, especially by younger women. Any
+attempt to strike out in a new line, any attempt to fill a post not
+previously occupied by a woman, received her unstinted admiration and
+warm support."
+
+It was her delight to show hospitality to her friends, many of whom,
+especially women doctors and friends made in the Suffrage movement,
+stayed with her at her house in Walker Street, Edinburgh. But her
+hospitality did not end there. One doctor, whom we have already quoted,
+on arrival on a visit, found that only the day before Dr. Inglis had
+said good-bye to a party of guests, a woman with five children, a
+patient badly in need of rest, who had the misfortune to have an unhappy
+home, and was without any relatives to help her. Dr. Inglis's relations
+with her poor patients have been already referred to. Not only did she
+give them all she could in the way of professional attention and skill,
+but her generosity to them was unbounded. "I had a patient," writes a
+doctor, "very ill with pulmonary tuberculosis. She was to go to a
+sanatorium, and her widowed mother was quite unable to provide the
+rather ample outfit demanded. Dr. Inglis gave me everything for her,
+down to umbrella and goloshes."
+
+Naturally her devotion was returned, though in one case which is
+recorded Dr. Inglis's care met with resentment at first. A woman who was
+expecting a baby--her ninth--applied at a dispensary where Dr. Inglis
+happened to be in charge. Her advice was distasteful to the patient, who
+tried another dispensary, only to meet again with the same advice, again
+from a woman member of the profession. A third dispensary brought her
+the same fortune! Eventually, when the need for professional skill came,
+she was attended by the two latter doctors she had seen, for the case
+proved to be a difficult one. Requiring the aid of greater
+experience--for they were juniors--they sent for Dr. Inglis, with whose
+help the lives of mother and child were saved. Thus the patient was
+attended in the end by all the three women physicians whose advice she
+had scorned. The child was the first boy in the large family, and the
+mother's gratitude and delight after her recovery knew no bounds. It
+found, however, Scotch expression, shall we say? in her tribute, "Weel,
+I've had the hale three o' ye efter a', and ye canna say I hae'na likit
+ye--_at the hinder en' at ony rate_!" "That woman kept us busy with
+patients for many a day," writes one of the three. The bulky
+mother-in-law of one patient expressed her admiration of the doctor and
+her lack of faith in the justice of things by saying: "It's no fair Dr.
+Inglis is a woman; if she'd been a man, she'd ha' been a millionaire!"
+The doctor in whose memory these incidents live says of her friend: "No
+item was too trivial, no trouble too great to take, if she could help a
+human being, or if she could push forward or help a younger doctor."
+
+If Elsie Inglis's intrepidity, determination, and invincible optimism
+were well known to the public, the circle of her friends was warmed by
+the truly loving heart with which they came in contact.
+
+The following incident may show in some degree what a tender heart it
+was. A friend whose brother died, after an operation, in a nursing home
+in Edinburgh was staying at Dr. Inglis's house when the death occurred.
+The body had to be taken to the Highland home in the North. The sister
+writes: "My younger brother called for me in the early morning, as we
+had to leave by the 3 a.m. train to accompany the body to Inverness.
+When Dr. Inglis had said good-bye to us and we drove away in the cab, my
+brother--he is just an ordinary keen business man--turned to me with his
+eyes filled with tears, and said: 'I should have liked to kiss her like
+my mother.' (We had never known our mother.)"
+
+In the fourteenth century, in that wonderful and most lovable woman,
+Catherine of Siena, we find the same union of strength and tenderness
+which was so noticeable in Dr. Inglis. In the _Life_ of St. Catherine it
+is said: "Everybody loves Catherine Benincasa because she was always and
+everywhere a woman in every fibre of her being. By nature and
+temperament she was fitted to be what she succeeded in remaining to the
+end--a strong, noble woman, whose greatest strength lay in her
+tenderness, and whose nobility sprung from her tender femininity."
+
+In her political sagacity, her optimism, and cheerfulness also, she
+reminds us of Elsie Inglis. During St. Catherine's Mission to Tuscany
+the following story is told of her by her biographer: "The other case"
+(of healing) "was that of Messer Matteo, her friend, the Rector of
+Misericordia, who had been one of the most active of the heretic priests
+in Siena. To this good man, lying _in extremis_ after terrible agony,
+Catherine entered, crying cheerfully: 'Rise up, rise up, Ser Matteo!
+This is not the time to be taking your ease in bed!' Immediately the
+disease left him, and he, who could so ill be spared at such a time,
+arose whole and sound to minister to others."[10]
+
+We smile as we read of Catherine's "cheerful" entrance into this
+sick-chamber, and those who knew Dr. Inglis can recall many such a
+breezy entrance into the depressing atmosphere of some of her patients'
+sickrooms.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[10] _Catherine of Siena_, by C. M. Antony.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V
+
+THE SOLVED PROBLEMS
+
+
+     "_It is the solution worked out in the life, not merely in words,
+     that brings home to other lives the fact that the problem is not
+     insoluble_."
+
+
+It may be truly said that special types of problems come before the
+unmarried woman for solution--problems as to her connection with society
+and with the race, which confront her as they do not others. Though few
+signs of a mental struggle were visible on the surface, there is no
+doubt that Elsie Inglis met these problems and settled them in the
+silence of her heart. It is a fact of much interest in connection with
+the subject of this memoir that amongst the papers found after she had
+died is the MS. of a novel written by herself, entitled _The Story of a
+Modern Woman_, and one turns the pages with eager interest to see if
+they furnish a key to the path along which she travelled in solving her
+problems. The expectation is realized, and in reading the pages of the
+novel we find the secret of the assurance and happy courage which
+characterized her. Whether she intended it or not, many parts of the
+book are without doubt autobiographical. In this chapter we propose to
+give some extracts from the novel which we consider justify the belief
+that the authoress is describing her own experiences.
+
+The first extract refers to her "discovery" that she was almost entirely
+without fear. The heroine is Hildeguard Forrest, a woman of
+thirty-seven, a High School teacher. During a boating accident, which
+might have resulted fatally, the fact reveals itself to Hildeguard that
+she does not know what fear is. The story of the accident closes with
+these words:
+
+
+     "Self-revelation is not usually a pleasant process. Not often do we
+     find ourselves better than we expected. Usually the sudden flash
+     that shows us ourselves makes us blush with shame at the sight we
+     see. But very rarely, and for the most part for the people who are
+     not self-conscious, the flash may, in a moment, reveal unknown
+     powers or unsuspected strength.
+
+     "And Hildeguard, sitting back in the boat, suddenly realized she
+     wasn't a coward. She looked back in surprise over her life, and
+     remembered that the terror which as a child would seize her in a
+     sudden emergency was the fear of being parted from her mother, not
+     any personal fear for herself, or her own safety.
+
+     "Such a pleasurable glow swept over her as she sat there in the
+     rocking boat. 'Why, no,' she thought; 'I wasn't frightened.'"
+
+
+A similar accident befell Elsie Inglis when a young woman. Whether the
+absence of fear disclosed itself to her then or not cannot be said, but
+she is known to have said to a friend after her return from Serbia: "It
+was a great day in my life when I discovered that I did not know what
+fear was."
+
+Benjamin Kidd in _The Science of Power_ gives (unintentionally) an
+indication where to look for the secret of the childless woman's feeling
+of loneliness--_she has no link with the future_. He affirms that woman
+because of her very nature has her roots in the future. "To women," he
+says, "the race is always more than the individual; the future greater
+than the present."
+
+As we follow Hildeguard through the pages of the novel, she is shown to
+us as faced with the problem of becoming "a lonely woman," the problem
+that meets the unmarried and the childless woman. And the claims and the
+meaning of religion are confronting her too. The story traces the
+workings of Hildeguard's mind and the events of her life for a year.
+
+Christmas Day in the novel finds Hildeguard a lonely and dissatisfied
+woman with no "sure anchor." She has had a happy childhood, with many
+relations and friends around her. One by one these are taken from
+her--some are dead, others are married--and she sees herself, at the age
+of thirty-seven, a forlorn figure with no great interest in the future,
+and her thoughts dwelling mostly on the joyous past. Two or three of
+Hildeguard's friends are conversing together in her rooms. None of them
+has had a happy day. Each in her own way is feeling the depression of
+the lonely woman. Frances, a little Quaker lady, enters the room, as
+someone remarks on the sadness of Christmas-time.
+
+
+     "'Yes,' at last said the Quaker lady; 'I heard what you said as I
+     came in, dear. Christmas is a hard time with all its memories. _I
+     think I have found out what we lonely women want. It is a future_.
+     Our thoughts are always turning to the past. There is not anything
+     to link us on to the next generation. You see other women with
+     their families--it is the future to which they look. However good
+     the past has been, they expect more to come, for their sons and
+     their daughters. Their life goes on in other lives.' Hildeguard
+     clasped her hands round her knees and stared into the fire."
+
+
+"Their life goes on in other lives"--the thought finds a home in
+Hildeguard's mind. When, soon after, the little Quakeress dies,
+Hildeguard, looking at the quiet face, says to herself: "_Dear little
+woman! So you have got your future._" But in her own case she does not
+wait for death to bring it to her; she faces her problems, and, refusing
+to be swamped by them, makes the currents carry her bark along to the
+free, open sea. She flings herself whole-heartedly into causes whose
+hopes rest in the future. She draws around her children, who need her
+love and care, and makes them her hostages for the future. In all this
+we see Elsie Inglis describing a stage in her own life.
+
+But before the story brings us round again to Christmas, something else
+has helped to change the outlook for Hildeguard; she has found herself
+in relation to God. Her religion is no merely inherited thing--not hers
+at second-hand, this "link with God." It is a real thing to her, found
+for herself, made part of herself, and so her sure foundation. It has
+come to her in a flash, a never-to-be-forgotten illumination of the
+words: "_The Power of an Endless Life_." She faces life now glad and
+free.
+
+In her "den" on that Christmas Eve she is described thus to us by Elsie
+Inglis:
+
+
+     "Ann had put holly berries over the pictures, and the mantelpiece,
+     too, was covered with it. Between the masses of green and the red
+     berries stood the solid, old-fashioned, gilt frames of long ago,
+     the photographs in them becoming yellow with age. Hildeguard turned
+     to them from the portraits on the walls. She stood, her hands
+     resting on the edge of the mantelpiece. Then suddenly it came to
+     her that her whole attitude towards life and death had altered. For
+     long these old photographs had stood to her as symbols of a past
+     glowing with happiness. Though the pain still lingered even after
+     time had dulled the edge, yet the old pictures typified all that
+     was best in life, and the dim mist of the years rose up between the
+     good days and her.
+
+     "But now, as she looked, her thoughts did not turn to the past. In
+     some unexplained way the loves of long ago seemed to be entwined
+     with a future so wonderful and so enticing that her heart bounded
+     as she thought of it.
+
+
+     "'Grow old along with me;
+     The best is yet to be.'
+
+
+     "Only last Christmas those words would have meant nothing to her.
+     Then her bark seemed to be stranded among shallows. She felt that
+     she was an old woman, and 'second bests' her lot in the coming
+     years. There could never be any life equal to the old life, in the
+     back-water into which she had drifted.
+
+     "But to-day how different the outlook! Her ship was flying over a
+     sunlit sea, the good wind bulging out the canvas. She felt the
+     thrill of excitement and adventure in her veins as she stood at the
+     helm and gazed across the dancing water. It seemed to her as if she
+     had been asleep and the "Celestial Surgeon" had come and 'stabbed
+     her spirit broad awake.' Joy had done its work, and sorrow;
+     responsibility had come with its stimulating spur, and the ardent
+     delight of battle in a great crusade. New powers she had discovered
+     in herself, new possibilities in the world around her. She was
+     ready for her 'adventure brave and new.' Rabbi Ben Ezra had waited
+     for death to open the gate to it, but to Hildeguard it seemed that
+     she was in the midst of it now, that 'adventure brave and new' in
+     which death itself was also an adventure.
+
+     "'The Power of an Endless Life'--the words seemed to hover around
+     her, just eluding her grasp, just beyond her comprehension, yet
+     something of their significance she seemed to catch. She remembered
+     the flash of intuition as she stood beside Frances' newly-made
+     grave, but she realized, her eyes on the old pictures, that it
+     would take aeons to understand all it meant, to exhaust all the
+     wonder of the idea. She could only bring to it her undeveloped
+     powers of thought and of imagination, but she knew that stretching
+     away, hid in an inexpressible light, lay depths undreamt of. To her
+     nineteenth-century intellect life could only mean evolution--life
+     ever taking to itself new forms, developing itself in new ways. At
+     the bed-rock of all her thought lay the consciousness of 'the Power
+     not ourselves, which makes for Righteousness.'
+
+     "No mystic she, to whom an ineffable union with the Highest was the
+     goal of all. Never even distantly did she reach to that idea.
+     Rather she was one of God's simple-hearted soldiers, who took her
+     orders and stood to her post. The words thrilled her, not with the
+     prospect of rest, but with the excitement of advance, 'an Endless
+     Life' with ever new possibilities of growth and of achievement,
+     ever greater battles to be fought for the right, and always new
+     hopes of happiness. Doubtingly and hesitatingly she committed
+     herself to the thought, conscious that it had been forming slowly
+     and unregarded in the strenuous months that lay behind her, through
+     the long years, ever since the first seemingly hopeless 'good-bye'
+     had wrung her heart. She began dimly to feel the 'power' of the
+     idea, the life of which she was the holder, only 'part of a greater
+     whole.' Earth itself only a step in a great progression. Ever
+     upward, ever onward, marching towards some 'Divine far-off event,
+     to which the whole creation moves.'"
+
+
+If another pen than Elsie Inglis's had drawn the picture we should have
+said it was one of herself. Surely she was able to weave around her
+heroine, from the depth of her own inner experiences of solved problems,
+the mantle of joy and freedom with which she herself was clothed.
+
+The causes to which Elsie Inglis became a tower of strength; the "nation
+she twice saved from despair"; the many children, not only those in her
+own connection, on whom she lavished love and care, are the witnesses
+to-day of the completeness and the splendour of her power to mould each
+adverse circumstance in her life and make it yield a great advantage.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI
+
+"HER CHILDREN"
+
+
+"Wonderful courage," "intrepidity of action," "strength of purpose," "no
+weakening pity"--these are terms that are often used in describing Elsie
+Inglis. But there is another side to her character, not so well known,
+from its very nature bound to be less known, which it is the purpose of
+this chapter to discover.
+
+Elsie Inglis was a very loving woman, and she was a child-lover. From
+every source that touched her life, and, touching it, brought her into
+contact with child-life, she, by her interest in children, drew to
+herself this healing link with the future. The children of her poorer
+patients knew well the place they held in her heart. "They would watch
+from the windows, on her dispensary days, for her, and she would wave to
+them across the street. She would often stop them in the street, and ask
+after their mother, and even after she had been to Serbia and had
+returned to Edinburgh she remembered them and their home affairs."[11]
+
+The daily letters to her father, written from Glasgow and London and
+Dublin, are full of stories about the children of her patients. Who but
+a genuine child-lover could have found time to write to a little niece,
+under twelve, letters from Serbia and Russia--one in August, 1915,
+during "The Long, Peaceful Summer," and the other in an ambulance train
+near Odessa?
+
+Her book, _The Story of a Modern Woman_, contains many descriptions
+which reveal a mind to whom the ways of children are of deep interest.
+We draw once more from the pages of the novel, as in no other way can we
+show so well the mother-heart that was hers.
+
+One of Hildeguard's friends, dying in India, leaves three small
+children, whom she commends to her pity. Hildeguard's heart responds at
+once, and the orphans find their home with her. Her first meeting with
+the frightened children and their black nurse is described in detail:
+
+
+     "'Just let's wait a minute or two,' said Hildeguard. 'Let them get
+     used to me. Well, Baby,' she said, turning to the ayah, and holding
+     out her arms.
+
+     "With a great leap and a gurgle Baby precipitated himself towards
+     her, his strong little hands clutching uncertainly at the brooch at
+     her throat. Then the buttons distracted him, and then, after a
+     serious look at her face, his eyes suddenly caught sight of the hat
+     above it, and the irresistible gleam of some ornament on it. With
+     wildly working hands he pulled himself to his feet, and, with one
+     fat little hand on her face, grabbed at the shining jet.
+
+     "Hildeguard, laughing, and submitting herself half resistingly to
+     the onslaught, felt her hat dragged sideways by the uncertain
+     little hand.
+
+     "She held the little one close to her, still laughing, kissing the
+     firm little arms and hands, and talking baby nonsense as if it had
+     been her mother-tongue for years.
+
+     "The brooch again caught Baby's eye, and he made another determined
+     raid on it. He seized it and pricked his finger. Down went the
+     corners of his mouth.
+
+     "'There now,' said Hildeguard, 'I knew you'd do that, you duckie
+     boy,' kissing the pricked hand over and over again. 'And good
+     little sonnie is not to cry. A watch is much safer than a brooch:
+     now let's see if we can get at it,' feeling in her belt.
+
+     "The watch was grabbed at and went straight to his mouth.
+
+     "'Does your watch blow open?' asked Rex.
+
+     "'Come and see,' said Hildeguard.
+
+     "Rex came without a moment's hesitation. Eileen was forgotten in
+     the interest of a new investigation. The watch did blow open. How
+     exceedingly exciting! He leaned both arms on Hildeguard's knee
+     while he defended the watch from Baby's greedy attacks. Then he
+     suddenly remembered something of more importance.
+
+     "'I've got a watch too.' He wriggled wildly with excitement, and
+     pulled out a Waterbury.
+
+     "'Well, you are a lucky boy!' said Hildeguard.
+
+     "Eileen had come forward too, but Hildeguard waited for her to
+     speak before noticing the advance. Rex was standing near to her,
+     pointing out the beauties of the watch, the hands, etc.
+
+     "'And--and--bigger like that'--stretching his arms wide--'bigger
+     like that than your watch.'
+
+     "'Your watch,' said Eileen, 'is little and tiny, like Mummy's
+     watch. But Mummy's watch pins on here,' dabbing at Hildeguard's
+     blouse. Then suddenly she raised swimming eyes to Hildeguard's: 'I
+     do want Mummy,' she said.
+
+     "'Darling,' cried Hildeguard, catching Baby with her right arm, so
+     as to free the other to draw Eileen to her--'Darling, so we all
+     do.'"
+
+
+It is a simple account of the little ways of shy children. Many a mother
+could have written it equally well.
+
+But the interest of Elsie Inglis's descriptions of children lies in the
+fact that they come from the pen of a woman of action, a woman of iron
+nerve, and they give us the other side of her character.
+
+And then--she was a woman whom no child called mother! But thank God the
+instinct is not one that can be dammed up or lost, and in these writings
+we get a glimpse of that motherhood which was hers, and which her life
+showed to be deep enough and wide enough to sweep under its wing the
+human souls, men, women, and children, who, passing near it, and being
+in need, cried out for help, and never cried in vain. To quote a
+fellow-woman:
+
+"The emotions which are the strongest force in a woman must not live in
+the past; they must not be used introspectively, nor for personal
+pleasure and gratification. Used thus, they destroy the woman and weaken
+the race. But _flung forward_, flung into interests outside of the woman
+herself, and thus transmuted into power, they become to her her
+salvation, and to the race a constructive element."
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[11] _Dr. Elsie Inglis_, by Lady Frances Balfour.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII
+
+THE HOSPICE
+
+
+During her medical career Dr. Inglis never lost sight of one aim, equal
+opportunity for the woman with the man in all branches of education and
+practical training and responsibility. She recognized that young women
+doctors in Edinburgh suffered under a serious disadvantage in being
+ineligible for the post of resident medical officer in the Royal
+Infirmary and the chief maternity hospital. "But," writes a friend, "it
+was characteristic of her and her inherent inability to visualize
+obstacles except as incentive to greater effort that she set herself to
+remedy this disadvantage instead of accepting it as an insurmountable
+difficulty. _Women doctors must found a maternity hospital of their
+own._ That was her first decision. A committee was formed, and the
+public responded generously to an appeal for funds." Through the
+kindness of Dr. Hugh Barbour, a house in George Square was put at the
+committee's disposal. But Dr. Inglis felt that it must be near the homes
+of the poor women who needed its shelter, and after four years a site
+was chosen in the historic High Street. Three stories in a huge
+"tenement," reached by a narrow winding stair, were adapted, and The
+Hospice opened its doors.
+
+It was opened in 1901 as a hospital for women, with a dispensary and
+out-patient department, admitting cases of accident and general illness
+as well as maternity patients. After nine years, it was decided to draft
+the general cases from the district to the Edinburgh Hospital for Women
+and Children, and The Hospice devoted all its beds to maternity cases.
+
+[Illustration: _Photo by D. Scott_
+
+THE HOSPICE, HIGH STREET, EDINBURGH]
+
+As soon as the admission book showed a steady intake of patients, Dr.
+Inglis applied for and secured recognition as a lecturer for the
+Central Midwifery Board, in order to be in a position to admit resident
+pupils (nurses and students) to The Hospice for practical instruction in
+midwifery. She at the same time applied to the University of Edinburgh
+for recognition as an extramural lecturer on gynaecology. Recognition was
+granted, and for some years she lectured, using The Hospice or the
+Edinburgh Hospital for Women and Children at Bruntsfield Place for her
+practical instruction.
+
+A woman doctor writes: "In thus starting a maternity hospital in the
+heart of this poor district she showed the understanding born of her
+long experience in the High Street and her great sympathy for all women
+in their hour of need. Single-handed she developed a maternity indoor
+and district service, training her nurses herself in anticipation of the
+extension of the Midwives Act to Scotland. Never too tired to turn out
+at night as well as by day, cheerfully taking on the necessary
+lecturing, she always worked to lay such a foundation that a properly
+equipped maternity hospital would be the natural outcome."
+
+Though hampered by lack of money and suitable assistance, she was never
+daunted, and in a characteristic way insisted that all necessary medical
+requirements should be met, whatever the expense. She worked at The
+Hospice with devotion. Though cherishing always her aim of an
+institution which, while serving the poor, should provide a training for
+women doctors, she threw herself heart and soul into the work because
+she loved it for its own sake, and she loved her poor patients.
+
+In 1913 Dr. Inglis went to America, and her letters were full of her
+plans for further development on her return. At Muskegon, Michigan, she
+found a small memorial hospital, of which she wrote enthusiastically as
+the exact thing she wanted for midwifery in Edinburgh.
+
+On returning from America, for a time she was far from well, and one of
+her colleagues, in September, 1913, urged her to forgo her hard work at
+The Hospice, begging her to take things more easily.
+
+Her reply, in a moment of curious concentration and earnestness, was
+characteristic: "Give me one more year; I know there is a future there,
+and someone will be found to take it on." A year later, when it seemed
+inevitable that it must come to an end with her departure for Serbia,
+those interested in The Hospice passed through deep waters in saving it,
+but the unanswerable argument against closing its doors was always that
+big circle of patients, often pleading her name, flocking up its stair,
+certain of help.
+
+"Three things foreseen by Dr. Inglis have happened since her departure:
+
+
+     "1. The extension of the Midwives Act to Scotland, establishing
+     recognized training centres for midwifery nursing.
+
+     "2. The extension of Notification of Births Act, making State
+     co-operation in maternity service possible.
+
+     "3. The admission of women medical students to the University,
+     making an opportunity for midwifery training in Edinburgh of
+     immediate and paramount importance.
+
+
+"The relation of The Hospice to these three events is as follows:
+
+
+     "1. It is now fourth on the list of recognized training centres in
+     Scotland, following the three large maternity hospitals.
+
+     "2. It is incorporated in the Maternity and Child Welfare scheme of
+     Edinburgh, which assists in out-patient work, though not in the
+     provision of beds.
+
+     "3. It has full scope under the Ordinances of the Scottish
+     Universities to train women medical students in Clinical Midwifery
+     if it had a sufficient number of beds.
+
+
+"The Hospice has the distinction of being the only maternity training
+centre run by women in Scotland. From this point of view it is of great
+value to women students, affording them opportunities of study denied to
+them in other maternity hospitals.
+
+"To those of her friends who knew her Edinburgh life intimately, Elsie
+Inglis's love of The Hospice was the love of a mother for her child.
+She was never too tired or too busy to respond to any demand its
+patients made upon her time and energy, always ready to go anywhere in
+crowded close, or remote tenement, if it was to see a mother who had
+once been an in-patient there or a baby born within its walls. True, Dr.
+Inglis saw The Hospice with romantic eyes, with that vision of future
+perfection which is the seal of pure romance in motherhood. Because of
+this she cheerfully accepted those cramped and inconvenient flats,
+reached by the narrow common stair which vanishes past The Hospice door
+in a corkscrew flight to regions under the roof. Inconvenience and
+straitened quarters were as nothing, for was not her Nursing Home
+exactly where she wished it, with the ebb and flow of the High Street at
+its feet? Dr. Inglis always rejoiced greatly in the High Street, in the
+charm of the precincts of St. Giles, that ineffable Heart of Midlothian,
+serenely catholic, brooding upon the motley life that has surged for
+centuries about its doors. Here, where she loved to be, The Hospice is
+finding a new home, an adequate building, modern equipment, and endowed
+beds, and it will stand a living memorial, communicating to all who pass
+in and out of its doors, to women in need, to women strong to help, the
+inspiration of Dr. Elsie Inglis's ideal of service."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII
+
+THE SUFFRAGE CAMPAIGN
+
+
+The question of Woman's Suffrage had always interested Dr. Inglis, for
+the justice of the claim had from the first appealed to her. But it was
+not until after 1900 that the Women's Movement took possession of her.
+From that time onward, till the Scottish Women's Hospitals claimed her
+in the war, the cause of Woman's Suffrage demanded and was granted a
+place in her life beside that occupied by her profession. Indeed, the
+very practice of her profession added fuel to the flame that the longing
+for the Suffrage had kindled in her heart. A doctor sees much of the
+intimate life of her patients, and as Dr. Inglis went from patient to
+patient, conditions amongst both the poor and the rich--intolerable
+conditions--would raise haunting thoughts that followed her about in her
+work, and questions again and again start up to which only the Suffrage
+could give the answer. The Suffrage flame with her, as with many other
+women and men, was really one which religion tended; it was religious
+conviction which mastered her and made her eager and dauntless in the
+fight. She always worked from the constitutional point of view, and was
+an admirer and follower of Mrs. Fawcett throughout the campaign.
+
+
+     "As she threw herself into this new interest she found a gale of
+     fresh air blowing through her life. It was almost as if she had
+     awakened on a new morning. The sunshine flooded every nook and
+     corner of her dwelling, and even old things looked different in the
+     new light. Not the least of these impressions was due to the new
+     friendships; women whose life-work was farthest from her own, whose
+     point of view was diametrically opposite to hers, suddenly drew up
+     beside her in the march as comrades. She felt as if she had got a
+     wider outlook over the world, as if in her upward climb she had
+     reached a spur on the hillside, and a new view of the landscape
+     spread itself at her feet.
+
+     "As she had once said, fate had placed her in the van of a great
+     movement, but she herself clung to old forms and old ways--a new
+     thing she instinctively avoided. It took her long to adjust herself
+     to a new point of view. But here, in this absorbing interest, she
+     forgot everything but the object. Her eyes had suddenly been opened
+     to what it meant to be a citizen of Britain, and in the
+     overpowering sense of responsibility that came with the revelation
+     her timorous clinging to old ways had slackened.
+
+     "Not the least part of the interest of the new life was the feeling
+     of being at the centre of things. People whose names had been
+     household words since babyhood became living entities. She not only
+     saw the men and women who were moulding our generation: she met
+     them at tea, she talked intimately with them at dinners, and she
+     actually argued with them at Council meetings."
+
+
+Thus Elsie Inglis describes in her writings her heroine Hildeguard's
+entrance into "the great crusade." The description may be taken as true
+of her own feelings when caught by the ideal of the movement.
+
+The following words which she puts into the mouth of a Suffrage speaker
+are evidently her own reflections on the subject of the Suffrage:
+
+
+     "'I don't think for a moment that the millennium will come in with
+     the vote,' she smiled, after a little pause. 'But our faces, the
+     faces of the human race, have always been set towards the
+     millennium, haven't they? And this will be one great step towards
+     it. It is always difficult to make a move forward, for it implies
+     criticism of the past, and of the good men and true who have
+     brought the people up to that especial point. However gently the
+     change is made, that element must be there, for there is always a
+     sense of struggle in changing from the old to the new. I do not
+     think we are nearly careful enough to make it quite clear that we
+     do not hold that we women _alone_ could have done a bit
+     better--that we are proud of the great work our men have done. We
+     speak only of the mistakes, not of the great achievements; only I
+     do think the mistakes need not have been there if we had worked at
+     it together!'
+
+     "The salvation of the world was wrapped up in the gospel she
+     preached. Many of the audience were caught in the swirl as she
+     spoke. Love and amity, the common cause of healthier homes and
+     happier people and a stronger Empire, the righting of all wrongs,
+     and the strengthening of all right--all this was wrapped up in the
+     vote."
+
+
+In the early years of this century Suffrage societies were scattered all
+over Scotland, and it began to be felt that much of their work was lost
+from want of co-operation; it was therefore decided in 1906 that all the
+societies should form a federation, to be called the Scottish Federation
+of Women's Suffrage Societies.
+
+During the preliminary work Mrs. James T. Hunter acted as Hon.
+Secretary, but after the headquarters were established in Edinburgh Dr.
+Inglis was asked and consented to be Hon. Secretary, with Miss Lamont as
+Organizing Secretary. There is no doubt that after its formation the
+success of the Federation was largely due to Dr. Inglis's power of
+leadership.
+
+She cheered the faithful--if sometimes despondent--suffragists in widely
+scattered centres; she despised the difficulties of travel in the north,
+and over moor, mountain, and sea she went, till she had planted the
+Suffrage flag in far-off Shetland. In her many journeys all over
+Scotland, speaking for the Suffrage cause, Dr. Inglis herself penetrated
+to the islands of Orkney and Shetland. A very flourishing Society
+existed in the Orkneys.
+
+The following letter from Dr. Inglis to the Honorary Secretary there is
+characteristic, and will recall her vividly to those who knew her. The
+arrival for the meeting by the last train; the early start back next
+morning; the endeavour to see her friend's daughter, who she remembers
+is in Dollar; the light-heartedness over "disasters in the House"
+(evidently the setback to some Suffrage Bill in the House of
+Commons)--these are all like Elsie Inglis. So, too, are her praise of
+the Federation secretaries, her eager looking forward to the procession,
+and the request for the "beautiful banner"!
+
+
+                                                                 1913.
+     "DEAR MRS. CURSITER,
+
+     "Yes, I had remembered your daughter is at Dollar, and I shall
+     certainly look out for her at the meeting. Unfortunately, I never
+     have time to stay in a place, at one of these meetings, and see
+     people. It would often be so pleasant. This time I arrive in Dollar
+     at 6 p.m. and leave about 8 the next morning. I have to leave by
+     these early trains for my work.
+
+     "It was delightful getting your offer of an organizer's salary for
+     some work in Orkney. Our secretaries have been most extraordinarily
+     unconcerned over disasters in the House! Not one of you has
+     suggested depression, and most of you have promptly proposed new
+     work! That is the sort of spirit that wins.
+
+     "I shall let you know definitely about an organizer soon.
+
+     "At the Executive on Saturday it was decided to have a procession
+     in Edinburgh during the Assembly week. We shall want you and your
+     beautiful banner! You'll get full particulars soon.
+
+                                       "Yours very sincerely,
+                                                 "ELSIE MAUD INGLIS."
+
+
+One of the Federation organizers who worked under Dr. Inglis for years
+gives us some indication of her qualities as a leader:
+
+"Though it was not unknown that Dr. Inglis had an extraordinary
+influence over young people, it was amazing to find how many letters
+were received after her death from young women in various parts of the
+kingdom, who wrote to express what they owed to her sympathy and
+encouragement.
+
+"To be a leader one must be able not only to inspire confidence in the
+leader, but to give to those who follow confidence in themselves, and
+this, I think, was one of Dr. Inglis's most outstanding qualities. She
+would select one of her workers, and after unfolding her plans to her,
+would quietly say, 'Now, my dear, I want you to undertake that piece of
+work for me.' As often as not the novice's breath was completely taken
+away; she would demur, and remark that she was afraid she was not quite
+the right person to be entrusted with that special piece of work. Then
+the Chief would give her one of those winning smiles which none could
+resist, and tell her she was quite confident she would not fail. The
+desired result was usually attained, and the young worker gained more
+confidence in herself. If, on the other hand, the worker failed to
+complete her task satisfactorily, Dr. Inglis would discuss the matter
+with her. She might condemn, but never unjustly, and would then arrange
+another opportunity for the worker in a different department of the
+work.
+
+"From those with whom she worked daily she expected great things. She
+was herself an unceasing worker, well-nigh indefatigable. It was no easy
+matter to work under 'the Chief's' direction; the possibility of failure
+never entered into her calculations."
+
+One of the finest speakers in the Suffrage cause, who with her husband
+worked hard in the campaign, frequently stayed with Dr. Inglis. She
+writes thus of her:
+
+"With me it is always most difficult to speak about the things upon
+which I feel the most deeply. Elsie Inglis is a case in point. She was
+dearer to me than she ever knew and than I can make you believe. She is
+one of the most precious memories I possess, the mere thought of her
+and her tireless devotion to her fellows being the strongest inspiration
+to effort and achievement.
+
+"She was the Edinburgh hostess for most of the Woman Suffrage
+propagandists, and we all have the same story to tell. Doubtless you
+have already had it from others. Every comfort she denied herself she
+scrupulously provided for her guests, whom she treated as though they
+were more tired than herself. Usually she was at her medical work till
+within a few minutes of the evening meal, would rush home and eat it
+with us, take us to the meeting afterwards, frequently take a part in
+it, and bring her guests home to the rest she was not always permitted
+to take herself. And through it all there was no variation in her
+wonderful manner--all brightness, affection, and warm energy.
+
+"The last time I saw her was in the Waverley station. She was returning
+shortly to her work abroad, while I was on my way to address a public
+meeting in Dundee on the need for attempting to negotiate peace. It was
+the time when everybody who dared to breathe the word 'peace,' much more
+those who tried to stop the slaughter of men, were denounced as traitors
+and pro-Germans. It was the time when one's nearest and dearest failed
+to understand. But _she_ understood. And she broke into a busy morning's
+work to come down to the train to shake my hand. What we said was very
+little; but the look and the hand-clasp were sufficient. We knew
+ourselves to be serving the same God of Love and Mercy, and that
+knowledge made the bonds between us indissoluble. I never saw nor had
+word with her again.
+
+"It is easy to say, what is true, that the world's women owe to Dr.
+Elsie Inglis a debt of gratitude they can never repay. But I am
+convinced in my own soul that the reward she would have chosen, if
+compelled to make the choice, would have been that all who feel that her
+work was of worth should join hands in an effort to rid the world of
+those evils which make men and women hate and kill one another."
+
+Dr. Inglis did not see with the pacifists of the last five years. But in
+this tribute to her is shown her open-mindedness and tolerance of
+another's views, even on this cleaving difference of opinion.
+
+A woman of great distinction--and not only in the Suffrage
+movement--says:
+
+"When I was working for the Suffrage movement in the years before the
+war, one of the most impressive personalities that I came into touch
+with was that of Dr. Elsie Inglis. She was then the leading spirit in
+our movement in Edinburgh, and when I went to speak there, or in the
+neighbourhood, she always used to put me up. I have never met anyone who
+seemed to me more absolutely single-minded and single-hearted in her
+devotion to a cause which appealed to her. She was eminently a feminist,
+and to her feminism she subordinated everything else. No consideration
+for her health, for her position, for her practice, ever stood in the
+way of any call that came to her. She was untiring, and that at a time
+when our cause was not popular everywhere, and when her position as a
+medical woman might easily have been affected by its unpopularity.
+
+"I remember one night especially, when we were going out in a motor-car
+to some rather remote place, in very stormy weather. It howled and
+rained and was pitch dark. Suddenly we ran, or nearly ran, into a great
+tree which had been blown down across the road. It had brought with it a
+mass of telegraph wire, and altogether afforded an apparently complete
+'barrage.' We were still some six or seven miles from our destination,
+and were wearing evening frocks and thin shoes. We got out and wrestled
+with the obstacle, and when at one time it seemed quite hopeless to get
+the car through, and I suggested that she and I would have to walk, I
+shall never forget the look of approval that she turned on me. As a
+matter of fact, I doubt very much whether I really _could_ have walked.
+I am a little lame, and the circumstances made it almost an
+impossibility. But the determination of Dr. Inglis that somehow we
+_should_ get to our meeting infected me, and, like many others who have
+followed her since, I felt able to achieve the impossible.
+
+"It is true that Dr. Inglis seemed to me--since, after all, she was
+human--to have the faults of her qualities. No consideration of herself
+prevented her complete devotion to her work. I sometimes felt that there
+was an element of relentlessness in this devotion, which would have
+allowed her to sacrifice not only other people, but even perhaps
+considerations which it is not easy to believe ought to be sacrificed.
+It is extraordinarily difficult to judge how far any end may justify any
+given means. It is, of course, a shallow judgment which dismisses this
+dilemma as one easily solved. Rather, I have always felt it exceedingly
+difficult, at any rate to an intellect that is subtle as well as
+powerful. I am reminded, in thinking of Dr. Inglis, of the controversy
+between Kingsley and Newman, from which it appears that Charles Kingsley
+thought it a very easy matter to tell the truth, and Newman found it a
+very difficult one. One's judgment of the two will, of course, vary, but
+I personally have always felt that Newman understood the truth more
+perfectly than Kingsley; understood, for instance, that it takes two
+people to tell it (one to speak and one to hear aright), and that this
+was why he realized its difficulty. So with Dr. Inglis; I do not suppose
+she ever hesitated when once convinced of the goodness of her cause, but
+I confess that I have sometimes wished that she could have hesitated.
+
+"It is a graceless task to suggest spots in so excellent a sun, and we
+feminists who worked with her and loved her can never be glad enough or
+proud enough that the world now knows the greatness of her quality."
+
+Again, an organizer who worked constantly with Dr. Inglis before the
+war, and who later raised large sums for the Scottish Women's Hospitals
+in India and Australia, writes:
+
+"You have asked me for some personal memories of my dear Dr. Elsie
+Inglis, for some of those little incidents that often reveal a character
+more vividly than much description and explanation. And to me, at least,
+it is in some of those little memories that the Dr. Inglis I loved lives
+most vividly. What I mean is that her splendid public work, in medicine,
+in Suffrage, in that magnificent triumph of the Scottish Women's
+Hospitals--they were _her_ hospitals--is there for all the world to see
+and honour. But the things behind all that, the character that
+conquered, the spirit that aspired, the incredible courage, optimism,
+indomitability of that individuality, the very self from which the work
+sprang--all that, it seems to me, had to be gathered in and understood
+from the tiny incident, the word, the glance.
+
+"There stands out in my mind my first meeting with Dr. Inglis. The scene
+was dismal and depressing enough. It was an empty shop in an Edinburgh
+Street turned into a Suffrage committee-room during an election. Outside
+the rain drizzled; inside the meagre fire smoked; there was a general
+air of lifelessness over everything. I wondered, ignorant and
+uninitiated in organizing and election work, when something definite
+would happen. Giving away sodden handbills in the street did not seem a
+very vigorous or practical piece of work.
+
+"Suddenly the doors swung open and Dr. Inglis came into that dull place,
+and with her there came the very feeling of movement, vitality, action.
+She had come to arrange speakers for the various schoolroom election
+meetings to be held that night. The list of meeting-places was arranged;
+then came the choice and disposal of the speakers. Without hesitation,
+Dr. Inglis grouped them; with just one look round at those present, and
+another, well into her own mind, at those not present who could be
+press-ganged! At last she turned to me and said, 'And you will speak
+with Miss X. at ----' I was horrified. 'But I must explain,' I said; 'I
+am quite "new." I don't speak at all. I have never spoken.' I can
+imagine a hundred people answering my very decided utterance in a
+hundred different ways. But I cannot imagine anyone but Dr. Inglis
+answering as she answered. There was just the jolliest, cheeriest laugh
+and, 'Oh, but you _must_ speak.' That was all. And the remarkable thing
+was that, though I had sworn to myself that I would never utter a word
+in public without proper training, I did speak that night. It never
+occurred to me to refuse. Confidence begat confidence. It was during
+this time of work with Dr. Inglis that I began really to understand and
+appreciate that wonderful character.
+
+"Another incident runs into my memory, of desperate, agonizing days in
+Glasgow, when Suffrage was unpopular and the funds in our exchequer were
+very low. How well I remember writing to Dr. Inglis at the ridiculous
+hour of two in the morning, that we must get some money, and that I
+should get certain introductions and do a lecturing tour in New York
+and try to make Suffrage 'fashionable.' The answer came by return of
+post, and was deliciously typical. 'My dear, your idea is so absolutely
+mad that it must be thoroughly sane. Come and talk it over.'
+
+"It was a happiness to work with Dr. Inglis, for her confidence, once
+given, was complete. There were no petty inquiries or pedantic
+regulations. 'Do it your own way,' was the one comment on a plan of
+organization once it was settled.
+
+"Dr. Inglis was one to whom the words 'can't' and 'impossible' really
+and literally had no meaning; and those who worked with her had to
+'unlearn' them, and they did. It did, indeed, seem 'impossible' to leave
+for India at ten days' notice to carry on negotiations for the Scottish
+Women's Hospitals and raise an Indian fund, especially when one had been
+in no way officially or intimately connected with the Hospitals' work.
+And to be told on the telephone, too, that one 'must' go. That was
+adorably Dr. Inglis-ish. I laughed with glee at the very ridiculous,
+fantastic impossibility of the whole thing--and promptly went! And how I
+looked forward to seeing Dr. Inglis on my return! When she saw me off at
+Waterloo in 1916, and, still fearfully ignorant of what awaited one, I
+wailed at the eleventh hour (literally, for we were in the railway
+carriage), 'But where am I to stay and where am I to go?' 'Don't worry,'
+said Dr. Inglis, with that sublime faith and optimism of hers; 'they'll
+put you up and pass you on. Good-bye, my dear. _It will be all right_.'
+And so it was. But one has missed the telling of it all to her; the hard
+things and the good things and the dreadfully funny things. For she
+would have appreciated every bit of it, and entered into every detail."
+
+
+During the years of that great campaign, Dr. Inglis spoke, pleading the
+cause of Suffrage, at hundreds of meetings all over the United Kingdom.
+At one large meeting she had occasion to deal with the problem of the
+"outcast woman." She referred to the statement once made that no woman
+would be safe unless this class existed.
+
+Then she said: "If this were true, the price of safety is too high. I,
+for one, would choose to go down with the minority."
+
+It is difficult to declare which was the more impressive, the
+silence--one that could be felt--which followed the words, or the burst
+of applause which came a moment later. But to one onlooker, from the
+platform, the predominant feeling was wonder at the amazing power of the
+woman. Without raising her voice, or putting into it any emotion beyond
+the involuntary momentary break at the beginning of the sentence, she
+had, by the transparent sincerity of her feeling, conveyed such an
+impression to that large audience as few there would forget. The subtle
+response drawn from those hundreds of women to the woman herself, to the
+personality of the speaker, was for the moment even more real than the
+outward response given to the idea. More than one woman there that day
+could have said in the words of the British Tommy, who had heard for the
+first time the story of Serbia, "It would not be difficult to follow
+her!"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX
+
+THE SCOTTISH WOMEN'S HOSPITALS
+
+
+     "_From the first the personality of Dr. Inglis was the main asset
+     in this splendid venture. She continued to be its inspiration to
+     the end._"
+
+
+August, 1914, found many a man and woman unconsciously prepared and
+ready for the testing time ahead. Elsie Inglis was one of these.
+
+It is interesting to note that Dr. Inglis completed her fiftieth year in
+the August that war broke out. She started on her great work of the next
+years with all the vigour and freshness of youth.
+
+In her own words, already quoted, we can describe her at the beginning
+of the war:
+
+"Her ship was flying over a sunlit sea, the good wind bulging out the
+canvas. She felt the thrill and excitement of adventure in her veins as
+she stood at the helm and gazed across the dancing waters.... Joy had
+done its work, and sorrow and responsibility had come with its
+stimulating spur, and the ardent delight of battle in a great
+crusade....
+
+"New powers she had discovered in herself, new responsibilities in the
+life around her.... She was ready for her 'adventure brave and new.'
+Rabbi Ben Ezra waited for death to open the gate to it, but to her it
+seemed that she was in the midst of it now, that 'adventure brave and
+new' _in which death itself was also to be an adventure_.... 'The Power
+of an Endless Life.' The words thrilled her, not with the prospects of
+rest, but with the excitement of advance...."
+
+War was declared on August 4. On the 10th the idea of the Scottish
+Women's Hospitals--hospitals staffed entirely by women--had been mooted
+at the committee meeting of the Scottish Federation of Women's Suffrage
+Societies. Once the idea was given expression to, nothing was able to
+stop its growth. A special Scottish Women's Hospital committee was
+formed out of members of the Federation and Dr. Inglis's personal
+friends. Meetings were organized all over the country; an appeal for
+funds was sent broadcast over Scotland; money began to flow in; the
+scheme was taken up by the whole body of the N.U.W.S.S.[12] Mrs. Fawcett
+wrote approvingly. The Scottish Women's Hospitals Committee at their
+headquarters in Edinburgh divided up into subcommittees: equipment,
+uniforms, cars, personnel, and so on. Offers for service came in every
+day, until soon over 400 names were waiting the choice of the personnel
+committee. The headquarters offices in 2, St. Andrew Square became a
+busy hive. Enthusiasm was written on the face of every worker. By the
+end of November the first fully equipped Unit, under Miss Ivens of
+Liverpool was on its way to the old Abbey of Royaumont in France. Dr.
+Alice Hutchison with ten nurses was in Calais working under the Belgian
+surgeon, Dr. de Page. A second Unit as well equipped as the first was
+almost ready to start for Serbia. It sailed in the beginning of January,
+under Dr. Eleanor Soltau, Dr. Inglis herself following in the April of
+1915.
+
+But even with all this dispatch, the S.W.H. were not the first Women's
+Hospital in the field. As early as September, 1914, Dr. Flora Murray and
+Dr. Louisa Garrett Anderson had taken a Unit, staffed entirely by women,
+to Paris, where they did excellent work.
+
+Until Dr. Inglis's departure for Serbia, her whole time and strength and
+boundless energy had been thrown into the building up of the
+organization of the Scottish Women's Hospitals. She addressed countless
+meetings all over the Kingdom, making the scheme known and appealing for
+money, and at the same time her insight and enthusiasm never ceased to
+be the mainspring of the activity at the office in Edinburgh, where the
+heart of the Scottish Women's Hospitals was to be found. Miss Mair
+describes Dr. Inglis during these months thus:
+
+"A certain stir of feeling might be perceptible in the busy hive at the
+office of organization when a specially energetic visit of the Chief had
+been paid. Had the impossible been accomplished? If not, why? Who had
+failed in performance? Take the task from her; give it to another. No
+excuses in war-time, no weakness to be tolerated--onward, ever onward.
+
+"To those inclined to hesitate, or at least to draw breath occasionally
+in the course of their heavy work of organizing, raising money,
+gathering equipment, securing transport, passports, and attending to the
+other innumerable secretarial affairs connected with so big a task, she
+showed no weakening pity; the one invariable goad applied was ever, 'it
+is war-time.' No one must pause, no one must waver; things must simply
+be done, whether possible or not, and somehow by her inspiration they
+generally were done. In these days of agonizing stress she appeared as
+in herself the very embodiment of wireless telegraphy, aeronautic
+locomotion, with telepathy and divination thrown in--neither time nor
+space was of account. Puck alone could quite have reached her standard
+with his engirdling of the earth in forty minutes. Poor limited mortals
+could but do their best with the terrestrial means at their disposal.
+Possibly at times their make-weight steadied the brilliant work of their
+leader."
+
+In a letter to Mrs. Fawcett dated October 4, 1914, she says:
+
+
+     "I can think of nothing except those Units just now; and when one
+     hears of the awful need, one can hardly sit still till they are
+     ready."
+
+
+[Illustration: ELSIE INGLIS
+
+FROM A BUST BY THE SERBIAN SCULPTOR IVAN MESTROVIC]
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[12] National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X
+
+SERBIA
+
+
+Serbia in January, 1915, was in a pitiable condition. Three wars
+following in quick succession had devastated the land. The Austrians,
+after their defeat at the Battle of the Ridges in October, 1914, had
+retreated out of the country, leaving behind them filthy hospitals
+crowded with wounded, Austrian and Serb alike. The whole land has been
+spoken of as one vast hospital. From this condition of things sprang the
+scourge of typhus which started in January, 1915, and swept the land.
+Dr. Soltau and her Unit, arriving in the early part of January, were
+able to take their place in the battle against this scourge. Their work
+lay in Kraguevatz, in the north of Serbia, where Dr. Soltau soon had
+three hospitals under her command.
+
+In April Dr. Soltau contracted diphtheria. Dr. Inglis was wired for, and
+left for Serbia in the end of April, 1915. She went gaily. There seems
+no other word to describe her attitude of mind--she was so glad to go.
+The sufferings of the wounded and dying touched her keenly. It was not
+want of sympathy with all the awful misery on every hand that made her
+go with such joy of heart, but rather she was glad from the sense that
+at last she, personally, would be "where the need was greatest." This
+had always been her objective.
+
+
+                                              THE AEGEAN SEA,
+                                                     "_May 2nd, 1915._
+     "DEAREST EVA,
+     "We have had a perfectly glorious voyage from Brindisi to Athens,
+     all yesterday between the coast and the Greek Islands, and then in
+     the Gulf of Corinth. I never remember such a day--all day the
+     sunshine and the beautiful hills, with the clouds capping them, or
+     lying on their slopes, and the blue sky above, and blue sea all
+     round. Then came the most glorious sunset, and when we came up from
+     dinner the sky blazing with stars. We put our chairs back to the
+     last notches, and lay looking at them, till a great yellow moon
+     came up and flooded the place with light and put the stars out. It
+     was glorious....
+
+                                             "Your loving sister,
+                                                       "ELSIE INGLIS."
+
+
+She landed in Serbia when the epidemic of fever had been almost
+overcome, and with the long, peaceful summer ahead of her. It is a joy
+to think of Dr. Inglis all that summer. Her letters are full of buoyancy
+of spirit. She was keen about everything. She had left behind her a
+magnificent organization, enthusiastic women in every department, the
+money flowing in, and the scheme meeting with more and more approval
+throughout the country. In Serbia she was to find her power of
+organizing given full scope. She had splendid material in the personnel
+of the Scottish Women's Hospitals Units under her command. She made many
+friends--Sir Ralph Paget, Colonel Hunter, Dr. Curcin, Colonel Gentitch,
+and many others. She was in close touch with, was herself part of, big
+schemes, a fact which was exhilarating to her. Everything combined to
+make her happy.
+
+The scheme that eventually took shape was Colonel Hunter's. His idea was
+to have three "blocking hospitals" in the north of Serbia, which, when
+the planned autumn offensive of the Serbs took place, would keep all
+infectious diseases from spreading throughout the country. Innumerable
+journeys up and down Serbia were taken by Dr. Inglis before the three
+Scottish Women's Hospitals which were to form this blocking line had
+been settled, and were working at Valjevo, Lazaravatz, and Mladanovatz.
+Dr. Alice Hutchison and her Unit, with "the finest canvas hospital ever
+sent to the Balkans," arrived in Serbia shortly after Dr. Inglis. Dr.
+Hutchison was sent to Valjevo; Lazaravatz and Mladanovatz were
+respectively under Dr. Hollway and Dr. McGregor. Dr. Inglis herself took
+over charge of the fever hospitals in Kraguevatz, working them as one,
+so that soon there were four efficient Scottish Women's Hospitals in
+Serbia. The Serbian Government gave Dr. Inglis a free pass over all the
+railways. She calls herself "extraordinarily lucky" in getting this
+pass, and writes how greatly she enjoys these journeys, how much of the
+country she sees during them, and of the interesting people she meets.
+For the first time in her life she had work to do that needed almost the
+full stretch of her powers. And deep at the heart of her joy at this
+time lay her growing love of the Serbs. Something in them appealed to
+her, something in their heroic weakness satisfied the yearning of her
+strength to help and protect. She writes glowingly of their soldiers
+streaming past the Scottish Women's Hospitals at Mladanovatz, massing on
+the Danube, "their heads held high." Every letter is full of enthusiasm
+of the country and the people. "God bless her," writes a friend; "it was
+the last really joyous time she knew."
+
+Later on the Serbs erected a fountain at Mladanovatz in memory of the
+work done by the Scottish Women's Hospitals in Serbia, and in particular
+by Dr. Inglis. The opening ceremony took place in the beginning of
+September. Many people, English and Serbs, were present, and a long
+letter by Dr. Inglis describes the dedication service.
+
+
+     "A table covered with a white cloth stood in front of the fountain,
+     and on it a silver crucifix, a bowl of water, a long brown candle
+     lighted and stuck in a tumbler full of sand, and two bunches of
+     basil, one fresh and one dried."
+
+
+At the end of the service the priest gave the bunches of basil to Dr.
+Inglis. "These are some of the few things," she writes, "which I shall
+certainly keep always."
+
+The Serbian officer who designed the fountain has contributed to this
+_Life_ the following account of his impressions of Dr. Inglis:
+
+"Already five sad and painful years have gone by since the time that I
+had the chance and honour of knowing Dr. Elsie Inglis. It is already
+five years since we erected to her--still in the plenitude of life--a
+monument. What a prediction! Whence came the inspiration of the great
+soul who was founder of this monument?
+
+"Oh, great and noble soul, there is yet another monument created in the
+hearts of the soldiers and Serbian people! And if the pitiless wheel of
+time crushes the first, the second will survive all that is visible and
+material.
+
+"One did not need to be long with Dr. Elsie Inglis to see all the
+grandeur of her soul, her long vision, and her attachment to the Serbs.
+I was not among those who chanced to pass some months in her company,
+but even in a few days I soon learnt to recognize her divine nature, and
+to see her relief in all colours.
+
+"After the second big offensive of Germano-Austrian forces against
+Serbia in the autumn of 1914, Dr. Elsie Inglis took a great part in
+working against the various epidemics spread by the invasion in Western
+Serbia. The significance and tenacity of this time of epidemic was such
+that only those who witnessed it can understand the great usefulness,
+devotion, and attachment of its co-workers. A great number of Dr.
+Inglis's personnel were occupied in coping with it, and with what
+results!
+
+"The Serbian counter-offensive terminated, provisional peace reigned in
+Serbia. Six months went by before the last soldier of the enemy left our
+sacred soil; the second enemy--the great epidemic--has also been
+arrested and vanquished. The terrors that these two allies brought in
+their train gradually disappeared, and the sun shone once again for the
+Little Armed People. Men breathed again, and tired bodies slept. One had
+the time to think of the great soldiers of the front, as well as those
+who worked behind the lines. And, indeed, in those great days we knew
+not who were the more courageous, the more daring, the greater heroes.
+
+"General Headquarters decided to give a tangible recognition to all
+those who had taken part in this epoch. Among the first thus
+distinguished were Dr. Elsie Inglis and her hospitals.
+
+"On the proposal of the Director of Sanitation, it was decided to erect
+a monumental fountain to the memory of Dr. Elsie Inglis and her Scottish
+Women's Hospitals. This was to be at Mladanovatz, quite close to one of
+these hospitals, at a few yards' distance from the main railway-line
+running from Belgrade to Nish, in sight of all the travellers who passed
+through Serbia.
+
+"It was erected, and bears the inscription:
+
+
+     "IN MEMORY OF THE SCOTTISH WOMEN'S HOSPITALS AND THEIR FOUNDER, DR.
+     ELSIE INGLIS."
+
+
+"The object of my letter is not to make known what I have told you; what
+follows is more important.
+
+"Dr. Inglis was present in person at the unveiling and benediction of
+the fountain. The idea was to give her a proof of the people's gratitude
+by erecting an original monument which, in recalling those strenuous
+days, would combine a value practical and real, solving the question of
+a pure drinking-water, and cutting off the danger of an epidemic at the
+root; and also, the impression that she had after visiting a number of
+fountains in the environs of Mladanovatz and its villages left her no
+rest (as she said later), and produced in her an idea, long thought
+over, and eventually expressed in the following conversation:
+
+"'Look here, Captain P----, I have a scheme which absorbs me more and
+more, and becomes in me a fixed idea. You suffer in Serbia, and are
+often subject to epidemics, through nothing else but bad water. I have
+been thinking it over, and would like to ameliorate as much as possible
+this deplorable state of affairs. I have the intention of addressing an
+appeal to the people of Great Britain, and asking them to inaugurate a
+fund which would create the opportunity of constructing in each Serbian
+village a fountain of good drinking-water. And then, I should return to
+Serbia, and with you--I hope that you are willing, since you have
+already built so many of these fountains round about--should go from
+village to village erecting these fountains. It will be, after the war,
+my unique and greatest desire to do this for the Serbs.'
+
+"Oh, great friend of Serbia! Thy clear-sighted spirit was to have but a
+glimpse of one of the most essential necessities of the Serbian people.
+Thy frail and fragile body has not permitted thee to enjoy the pleasure
+to which thou hast devoted so much love. For the well-being of this dear
+people thou hast given thyself entirely, even thy noble life. What a
+misfortune indeed for us!
+
+"May Heaven send thee eternal peace, so much merited, and so much
+desired by all those who knew thee, and above all and especially by all
+those Serbian hearts who have found in thee a great human friend."
+
+Dr. Inglis wrote every week to the committee. In the letters written
+towards the end of September we are aware of the anxiety about the
+future which is beginning to make itself felt.
+
+
+     "Last week Austrian aeroplanes were 'announced,' and the
+     authorities evidently believed the report; for the Arsenal was
+     emptied of workmen--and they don't stop work willingly just now.
+     So--as a Serbian officer said to me yesterday--'Serbia is exactly
+     where she was a year ago.' It does seem hard lines on our little
+     Ally....
+
+     "Well, as to how this affects us. Sir Ralph was talking about the
+     various possibilities. _As long as the Serbians fight we'll stick
+     to them--retreat if necessary, burning all our stores._ If they are
+     overwhelmed we must escape, probably via Montenegro. Don't worry
+     about us. We won't do anything rash or foolish; and if you will
+     trust us to decide, as we must know most about the situation out
+     here, we'll act rationally."
+
+
+At last, in November, 1915, the storm broke. Serbia was overrun by
+Germans, Austrians, and Bulgarians. All her big Allies failed her, "so
+when her bitter hour of trial came, Serbia stood alone."
+
+The Scottish Women's Hospitals at Mladanovatz, Lazaravatz, and Valjevo
+had to be evacuated in an incredibly short time. The women from
+Mladanovatz and Lazaravatz came down to Kraguevatz, where Dr. Inglis
+was. After a few days they had again to move further south to
+Krushevatz. From here they broke into two parties, some joining the
+great retreat and coming home through Albania. The rest stayed behind
+with Dr. Inglis and Dr. Hollway to nurse the Serbian wounded and
+prisoners in Krushevatz.
+
+
+     "If the committee could have seen Colonel Gentitch's face when I
+     said to him that we were not going to move again, but that they
+     could count on us just where we stood, I think they would have been
+     touched."
+
+
+writes Dr. Inglis.
+
+At Krushevatz both Units, Dr. Inglis's and Dr. Hollway's, worked
+together at the Czar Lazar Hospital under the Serbian Director, Major
+Nicolitch. It was here they were taken prisoners by the Germans in
+November.
+
+
+     "These months at Krushevatz were a strange mixture of sorrow and
+     happiness. Was the country really so very beautiful, or was it the
+     contrast to all the misery that made it evident? There was a
+     curious exhilaration in working for those grateful, patient men,
+     and in helping the Director, so loyal to his country and so
+     conscientious in his work, to bring order out of chaos; and yet the
+     unhappiness in the Serbian houses, and the physical wretchedness of
+     those cold, hungry prisoners, lay always like a dead weight on our
+     spirits. Never shall we forget the beauty of the sunrises or the
+     glory of the sunsets, with clear, cold, sunlit days between, and
+     the wonderful starlit nights. But we shall never forget 'the
+     Zoo,'[13] either, or the groans outside when we hid our heads in
+     the blankets to shut out the sound. Nor shall we ever forget the
+     cheeriness or trustfulness of all that hospital, and especially of
+     the officers' ward. We got no news, and we made it a point of
+     honour not to believe a word of the German telegrams posted up in
+     the town. So we lived on rumour--and what rumour! The English at
+     Skoplje, the Italians at Poshega, and the Russians over the
+     Carpathians--we could not believe that Serbia had been sacrificed
+     for nothing. We were convinced it was some deep-laid scheme for
+     weakening the other fronts, and so it was quite natural to hear
+     that the British had taken Belgium and the French were in Metz!"
+
+
+During this time in Krushevatz Dr. Inglis and the women in her Unit
+lived and slept in one room. One night an excited message was brought to
+the door that enemy aircraft was expected soon; everyone was taking
+refuge in places that were considered safe; would they not come too? For
+a moment there was a feeling of panic in the room; then Dr. Inglis said,
+without raising her head from her pillow: "Everyone will do as they
+like, of course; _I_ shall not go anywhere. I am very tired, and bed is
+a comfortable place to die in." The suspicion of panic subsided; every
+woman lay down and slept quietly till morning.
+
+The Hon. Mrs. Haverfield was one of the "Scottish women" who stayed
+behind at Krushevatz. She gives us some memories of Dr. Inglis.
+
+"I think the most abiding recollection I have of our dear Doctor is the
+expression in her face in the middle of a heavy bombardment by German
+guns of our hospital at Krushevatz during the autumn of 1915. I was
+coming across some swampy ground which separated our building from the
+large barracks called after the good and gentle Czar Lazar of
+Kosovofanee, when a shell flew over our heads, and burst close by with a
+deafening roar. The Doctor was coming from the opposite direction; we
+stood a moment to comment upon the perilous position we were all in. She
+looked up into my face, and with that smile that nobody who ever knew
+her could forget, and such a quizzical expression in her blue eyes,
+said: 'Eve, we are having some experiences now, aren't we?' She and I
+had often compared notes, and said how we would like to be in the thick
+of everything--at last we were. I have never seen anyone with greater
+courage, or anyone who was more unmoved under all circumstances.
+
+"Under our little Doctor bricks had to be made, whether there was straw
+or not!
+
+"In this same hospital at Krushevatz she had ordered me to get up
+bathing arrangements for the sick and wounded. There was not a corner in
+which to make a bath-room, or a can, and only a broken pump 150 yards
+away across mud and swamp. There was no wood to heat the water, and
+nothing to heat it in even if we had the wood. I admit I could not
+achieve the desired arrangement. Elsie took the matter in hand herself,
+finding I was no use, and in one day had a regular supply of hot water,
+and baths for the big Magazine, where lay our sick, screened off with
+sheets, and regular baths were the order of the day from that time
+forth.
+
+"One never ceased to admire the tireless energy, the resourcefulness,
+and the complete unselfishness of that little woman who spent herself
+until the last moment, always in the service of others."
+
+
+     "At last, on the 9th of February, our hospital was emptied.[14] The
+     chronic invalids had been 'put on commission' and sent to their
+     homes. The vast majority of the men had been removed to Hungary,
+     and the few remaining, badly wounded men who would not be fit for
+     months, taken over to the Austrian hospitals.
+
+     "On the 11th we were sent north under an Austrian guard with fixed
+     bayonets. Great care was taken that we should not communicate with
+     anyone _en route_. At Belgrade, however, we were put into a
+     waiting-room for the night, and after we had crept into our
+     sleeping-bags we were suddenly roused to speak to a Serbian woman.
+     The kindly Austrian officer in charge of us said she was the wife
+     of a Serbian officer in Krushevatz, and that if we would use only
+     German we might speak to her. She wanted news of her husband. We
+     were able to reassure her. He was getting better--he was in the
+     Gymnasium. 'Vrylo dobra' ('Very well'), she said, holding both our
+     hands. 'Vrylo, vrylo dobra,' we said, looking apprehensively at the
+     officer. But he only laughed. Probably his Serbian, too, was equal
+     to that. That was the last Serbian we spoke to in Serbia, and we
+     left her a little happier. And thus we came to Vienna, where the
+     American Embassy took us over.... When we reached Zurich and found
+     everything much the same as when we disappeared into the silence,
+     our hearts were sick for the people we had left behind us, still
+     waiting and trusting."
+
+
+Referring to this year of work done for Serbia, Mr. Seton-Watson wrote
+of Dr. Inglis:
+
+"History will record the name of Elsie Inglis, like that of Lady Paget,
+as pre-eminent among that band of women who have redeemed for all time
+the honour of Britain in the Balkans."
+
+We close this chapter on her work in Serbia with tributes to her memory
+from two of her Serbian friends, Miss Christitch, a well-known
+journalist, and Lieutenant-Colonel D. C. Popovitch, Professor at the
+Military Academy in Belgrade.
+
+"Through Dr. Inglis Serbia has come to know Scotland, for I must confess
+that formerly it was not recognized by our people as a distinctive part
+of the British Isles. Her name, as that of the Serbian mother from
+Scotland (Srpska majka iz 'Skotske'), has become legendary throughout
+the land, and it is not excluded that at a future date popular opinion
+will claim her as of Serbian descent, although born on foreign soil.
+
+"What appealed to all those with whom Elsie Inglis came in contact in
+Serbia was her extraordinary sympathy and understanding for the people
+whose language she could not speak and whose ways and customs must
+certainly have seemed strange to her. Yet there is no record of
+misunderstanding between any Serb and Dr. Inglis. Everyone loved her,
+from the tired peasant women who tramped miles to ask the 'Scottish
+Doctoress' for advice about their babies to the wounded soldiers whose
+pain she had alleviated.
+
+"Here I must mention that Dr. Inglis won universal respect in the
+Serbian medical profession for her skill as a surgeon. During a great
+number of years past we have had women physicians, and very capable they
+are too; but, for some reason or other, Serbian women had never
+specialized in surgery. Hence it was not without scepticism that the
+male members of the profession received the news that the organizer of
+the Scottish hospitals was a skilled surgeon. Until Dr. Inglis actually
+reached Serbia and had performed successfully in their presence, they
+refused to believe this 'amiable fable,' but from the moment that they
+had seen her work they altered their opinion, and, to the great joy of
+our Serbian women, they no longer proclaimed the fact that surgery was
+not a woman's sphere. This is but one of the services Dr. Inglis has
+rendered our woman movement in Serbia. To-day we have several active
+societies working for the enfranchisement of women, and there is no
+doubt that the record of the Scottish Women's Hospital, organized and
+equipped by a Suffrage society and entirely run by women, is helping us
+greatly towards the realization of our goal. It was a cause of delight
+to our women and of no small surprise to our men that the Scottish Units
+that came out never had male administrators.
+
+"It is very difficult to say all one would wish about Dr. Inglis's
+beneficial influence in Serbia in the few lines which I am asked to
+write. But before I conclude I may be allowed to give my own impression
+of that remarkable woman. What struck me most in her was her grip of
+facts in Serbia. I had a long conversation with her at Valjevo in the
+summer of 1915, before the disaster of the triple enemy onslaught, and
+while we still believed that the land was safe from a fresh invasion.
+She spoke of her hopes and plans for the future of Serbia. 'When the war
+is over,' she said, 'I want to do something lasting for your country. I
+want to help the women and children; so little has been done for them,
+and they need so much. I should like to see Serbian qualified nurses and
+up-to-date women's and children's hospitals. When you will have won your
+victories you will require all this in order to have a really great and
+prosperous Serbia.' She certainly meant to return and help us in our
+reconstruction.
+
+"I saw Dr. Inglis once again several weeks later, at Krushevatz, where
+she had remained with her Unit to care for the Serbian wounded,
+notwithstanding the invitation issued her by Army Headquarters to
+abandon her hospital and return to England. But Dr. Inglis never knew a
+higher authority than her own conscience. The fact that she remained to
+face the enemy, although she had no duty to this, her adopted country,
+was both an inspiration and a consolation to those numerous families who
+could not leave, and to those of us who, being Serbian, had a duty to
+remain.
+
+"She left in the spring of 1916, and we never heard of her again in
+Serbia until the year 1917, when we, in occupied territory, learnt from
+a German paper that she had died in harness working for the people of
+her adoption. There was a short and appreciative obituary telling of her
+movements since she had left us.
+
+"For Serbian women she will remain a model of devotion and
+self-sacrifice for all time, and we feel that the highest tribute we can
+pay her is to endeavour, however humbly, to follow in the footsteps of
+this unassuming, valiant woman."
+
+
+"MY RECOLLECTIONS OF DR. ELSIE INGLIS.
+
+"I made her acquaintance towards the close of October, 1915, when, as a
+heavily wounded patient in the Military Hospital of Krushevatz, I became
+a prisoner, first of the Germans and then of the Austrians.
+
+"The Scottish Women's Hospital Mission, with Dr. Inglis as Head and Mrs.
+Haverfield as Administrator, had voluntarily become prisoners of the
+Austrians and Germans, rather than abandon the Serbian sick and wounded
+they had hitherto cared for. The Mission undertook a most difficult
+task--that is, the healing of and ministration to the typhus patients,
+which had already cost the lives of many doctors. But the Scottish
+women, whose spirit was typified in their leader, Miss Inglis, did not
+restrict themselves to this department, hastening to assist whenever
+they could in other departments. In particular, Dr. Elsie Inglis gave
+help in the surgical ward, and undertook single-handed the charge of a
+great number of wounded, among whom I was included, and to her devoted
+sisterly care I am a grateful debtor for my life. She visited me hourly,
+and not only performed a doctor's duties, but those of a simple nurse,
+without the slightest reluctance.
+
+"The conditions of Serbian hospitals under the Austrians rendered
+provisioning one of the most difficult tasks. At the withdrawal of the
+Serbian Army only the barest necessaries were left behind, and the
+Austrians gave hardly anything beyond bread, and at times a little meat.
+The typhus patients were thus dependent almost entirely on the aliments
+which the Scottish Mission could furnish out of their own means. It was
+edifying to see how they solved the problem. Every day, their Chief, Dr.
+Inglis, and Mrs. Haverfield at the head, the nurses off duty, with empty
+sacks and baskets slung over their shoulders, tramped for miles to the
+villages around Krushevatz, and after several hours' march through the
+narrow, muddy paths, returned loaded with cabbages, potatoes, or other
+vegetables in baskets and sacks, their pockets filled with eggs and
+apples. Instead of fatigue, joy and satisfaction were evident in their
+faces, because they were able to do something for their Serbian
+brothers. I am ever in admiration of these rare women, and never can I
+forget their watchword: 'Not one of our patients is to be without at
+least one egg a day, however far we may have to tramp for it.' Such
+labour, such love towards an almost totally strange nation, is something
+more than mere humanity; it is the summit of understanding, and the
+application of real and solid Christian teaching.
+
+"Dr. Inglis cured not only the physical but the moral ills of her
+wounded patients. Every word she spoke was about the return of our army,
+and she assured us of final victory. She did not speak thus merely to
+soothe, for one felt the fire of her indignation against the oppressor,
+and her love for us and her confidence that our just cause would
+triumph. I could mention a host of great and small facts in connection
+with her, enough to fill a book; but, in one word, every move, every
+thought of the late Dr. Inglis and the members of her Mission breathed
+affection towards the Serbian soldier and the Serbian nation. The
+Serbian soldier himself is the best witness to this. One has only to
+inquire about the Scottish Women's Mission in order to get a short and
+eloquent comment, which resumes all, and expresses astonishment that he
+should be asked: 'Of course I know of our sisters from Scotland.' ...
+
+"But the enemy could not succeed in shaking these noble women in their
+determination and their love for us Serbians. They at last obtained
+their release, and reached their own country, but, without taking time
+to rest properly, they at once started to collect fresh stores, and
+hastened to the assistance of the Serbian Volunteer Corps in the
+Dobrudja. They returned with the same corps to the Macedonian front, and
+thence to Serbia once more at the close of last year, in order to come
+to the aid of the impoverished Serbian people. The fact that Dr. Inglis
+lost her life after the retreat from Russia is a fresh proof of her
+devotion to Serbia. The Serbian soldiers mourn her death as that of a
+mother or sister. The memory of her goodness, self-sacrifice, and
+unbounded charity, will never leave them as long as they live, and will
+be handed down as a sacred heritage to their children. The entire
+Serbian Army and the entire Serbian people weep over the dear departed
+Dr. Inglis, while erecting a memorial to her in their hearts greater
+than any of the world's monuments. Glory be to her and the land that
+gave her birth!
+
+                        "(_Signed_) LIEUT.-COL. DRAG. C. POPOVITCH,
+                            "_Professor at the Military Academy._
+"BELGRADE.
+    "_December 24th, 1919._"
+
+
+Dr. Inglis was at home from February to August, 1916. Besides her work
+as chairman of the committee for Kossovo Day, she was occupied in many
+other ways. She paid a visit of inspection for the Scottish Women's
+Hospitals Committee to their Unit in Corsica, reporting in person to
+them on her return in her usual clear and masterly way on the work being
+done there. She worked hard to get permission for the Scottish Women's
+Hospitals to send a Unit to Mesopotamia, where certainly the need was
+great. It has been said of her that, "like Douglas of old, she flung
+herself where the battle raged most fiercely, always claiming and at
+last obtaining permission to set up her hospitals where the obstacles
+were greatest and the dangers most acute."
+
+It was not the fault of the Scottish Women's Hospitals that their
+standard was not found flying in Mesopotamia.
+
+During the time she was at home, in the intervals of her other
+activities, she spoke at many meetings, telling of the work of the
+Scottish Women's Hospitals. At these meetings she would speak for an
+hour or more of the year's work in Serbia without mentioning herself.
+She had the delightful power of telling a story without bringing in the
+personal note. Often at the end of a meeting her friends would be asked
+by members of the audience if Dr. Inglis had not been in Serbia herself.
+On being assured that she had, they would reply incredulously, "But she
+never mentioned herself at all!"
+
+The Honorary Secretary of the Clapham High School Old Girls' Society
+wrote, after Dr. Inglis's death, describing one of these meetings:
+
+"In June, 1916, Dr. Inglis came to our annual commemoration meeting and
+spoke to us of Serbia. None of those who were present will, I think,
+ever forget that afternoon, and the almost magical inspiration of her
+personality. Behind her simple narrative (from which her own part in the
+great deeds of which she told seemed so small that to many of us it was
+a revelation to learn later what that part had been) lay a spiritual
+force which left no one in the audience untouched. We feel that we
+should like to express our gratitude for that afternoon in our lives, as
+well as our admiration of her gallant life and death."
+
+The door to Mesopotamia being still kept closed, Dr. Inglis, in August,
+1916, went to Russia as C.M.O. of a magnificently equipped Unit which
+was being sent to the help of the Jugo-Slavs by the Scottish Women's
+Hospitals.
+
+A few days before she left Dr. Inglis went to Leven, on the Fifeshire
+coast of Scotland, where many of her relatives were gathered, to say
+farewell. The photograph given here was taken at this time.
+
+[Illustration: ELSIE INGLIS
+
+TAKEN IN AUGUST, 1916, JUST BEFORE SHE LEFT FOR RUSSIA]
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[13] The name the nurses gave the huge building they had converted into
+a hospital.
+
+[14] Dr. Inglis's report.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI
+
+RUSSIA
+
+
+"For a clear understanding and appreciation of subsequent events
+affecting the relations between Dr. Inglis and the Serb division, a
+brief account of its genesis may be given here.
+
+"The division consisted mainly of Serbo-Croats and Slovenes--namely,
+Serbs who, as subjects of Austria-Hungary, were obliged to serve in the
+Austrian Army. Nearly all of these men had been taken prisoners by the
+Russians, or, perhaps more correctly, had voluntarily surrendered to the
+Russians rather than fight for the enemies of their co-nationals. In
+May, 1915, a considerable number of these Austro-Serbs volunteered for
+service with the Serbian Army, and by arrangement with the Russian
+Government, who gave them their freedom, they were transported to
+Serbia. After the entry of Bulgaria into the war it was no longer
+possible to send them to Serbia, and 2,000 were left behind at Odessa.
+The number of these volunteers increased, however, to such an extent
+that, by permission of the Serbian Government, Serbian officers from
+Corfu were sent over to organize them into a military unit for service
+with the Russian Army. By May, 1916, a first division was formed under
+the command of the Serb Colonel, Colonel Hadjitch, and later a second
+division under General Zivkovitch. It was to the first division that the
+Scottish Women's Hospitals and Transport were to be attached.
+
+"The Unit mustered at Liverpool on August 29, and left for Archangel on
+the following day. It consisted of a personnel of seventy-five and three
+doctors, with Dr. Elsie Inglis C.M.O."[15]
+
+A member of the staff describes the journey:
+
+"Our Unit left Liverpool for Russia on August 31, 1916; like the
+Israelites of old, we went out not knowing exactly where we were bound
+for. We knew only that we had to join the Serbian division of the
+Russian Army, but where that Division was or how we were to get there we
+could not tell. We were seventy-five all told, with 50 tons of equipment
+and sixteen automobiles. We had a special transport, and after nine days
+over the North Sea we arrived at Archangel.
+
+"From Archangel we were entrained for Russia, and sent down via Moscow
+to Odessa, receiving there further instructions to proceed to the
+Roumanian front, where our Serbs were in action.
+
+"We were fourteen days altogether in the train. I remember Dr. Inglis,
+during those long days on the journey, playing patience, calm and
+serene, or losing her own patience when the train was stopped and
+_would_ not go on. Out she would go, and address the Russian officials
+in strenuous, nervous British--it was often effective. One of our
+interpreters heard one stationmaster saying: 'There is a great row going
+on here, and there will be trouble to-morrow if this train isn't got
+through.'
+
+"At Reni we were embarked on a steamer and barges, and sent down the
+Danube to a place called Cernavoda, where once more we were disembarked,
+and proceeded by train and motor to Medjidia, where our first hospital
+was established in a large barracks on the top of a hill above the town,
+an excellent mark for enemy aeroplanes. The hospital was ready for
+wounded two days after our arrival; until then it was a dirty empty
+building, yet the wounded were received in it some forty-eight hours
+after our arrival. It was a notable achievement, but for Dr. Inglis
+obstacles and difficulties were placed in her path for the purpose of
+being overcome; if the mountains of Mahomet _would_ not move, she
+_removed_ them!
+
+"In connection with the establishment of these field hospitals I have
+vivid recollections of her. The great empty upper floor of the barracks
+at Medjidia, seventy-five of us all in the one room. The lines of camp
+beds. Dr. Inglis and her officers in one corner; and how quietly in all
+the noise and hubbub she went to bed and slept. I remember how I had to
+waken her when certain officials came on the night of our arrival to ask
+when we would be ready for the wounded. 'Say to-morrow,' she said, and
+slept again!
+
+"'It's a wonder she did not say _now_,' one of my fellow-officers
+remarked!
+
+"We were equipped for two field hospitals of 100 beds each, and our
+second hospital was established close to the firing-line at Bulbulmic.
+We were at Bulbulmic and Medjidia only some three weeks when we had to
+retreat."
+
+Three weeks of strenuous work at these two places ended in a sudden
+evacuation and retreat--Hospital B and the Transport got separated from
+Hospital A. We can only, of course, follow the fortunes of Hospital A,
+which was directly under Dr. Inglis.
+
+The night of the retreat is made vivid for us by Dr. Inglis:
+
+
+     "The station was a curious sight that night. The flight was
+     beginning. A crowd of people was collected at one end with boxes
+     and bundles and children. One little boy was lying on a doorstep
+     asleep, and against the wall farther on lay a row of soldiers. On
+     the bench to the right, under the light, was a doctor in his white
+     overall, stretched out sound asleep between the two rushes of work
+     at the station dressing-room; and a Roumanian officer talked to me
+     of Glasgow, where he had once been invited out to dinner, so he had
+     seen the British 'custims.' It was good to feel those British
+     customs were still going quietly on, whatever was happening
+     here--breakfasts coming regularly, hot water for baths, and
+     everything as it should be. It was probably absurd, but it came
+     like a great wave of comfort to feel that Britain was there, quiet,
+     strong, and invincible, behind everything and everybody."
+
+
+A member of the Unit also gives us details:[16]
+
+"I went twice down to the station with baggage in the evening, a
+perilous journey in rickety carts through pitch darkness over roads (?)
+crammed with troops and refugees, which were lit up periodically by the
+most amazing green lightning I have ever seen, and the roar and flash of
+the guns was incessant. At the station no lights were allowed because of
+enemy aircraft, but the place was illuminated here and there by the camp
+fires of a new Siberian division which had just arrived. Picked troops
+these, and magnificent men.
+
+"We wrestled with the baggage until 2 a.m., and went back to the
+hospital in one of our own cars. Our orderly came in almost in tears.
+Her cart had twice turned over completely on its way to the station; so
+on arrival she had hastened to Dr. Inglis with a tale of woe and a
+scratched face. Dr. Inglis said: 'That's right, dear child, that's
+right, _stick_ to the equipment,' which may very well be described as
+the motto of the Unit these days!...
+
+"The majority of the Unit are to go to Galatz by train with Dr. Corbett;
+the rest (self included) are to go by road with Dr. Inglis, and work
+with the army as a clearing station.
+
+"On the morning of October 22 the train party got off as quick as
+possible, and about 4 p.m. a big lorry came for our equipment. We loaded
+it, seven of us mounted on the top, and the rest went in two of our own
+cars. The scene was really intensely comic. Seven Scottish women
+balanced precariously on the pile of luggage; a Serbian doctor with whom
+Dr. Inglis is to travel standing alongside in an hysterical condition,
+imploring us to hurry, telling us the Bulgarians were as good as in the
+town already; Dr. Inglis, quite unmoved, demanding the whereabouts of
+the Ludgate boiler; somebody arriving at the last minute with a huge
+open barrel of treacle, which, of course, could not possibly be left to
+a German. Oh dear! how we laughed!"
+
+Dr. Inglis would never allow the Sunday service to be missed if it was
+at all possible to hold it.[17] Miss Onslow tells us how she seized a
+seeming opportunity even on this Sunday of so many dangers to make ready
+for the service.
+
+"_Medjidia._--Sunday was the day on which we began our retreat from the
+Dobrudja. We spent most of the morning going to and from the station--a
+place almost impossible to enter or leave on account of the refugees,
+their carts and animals, and the army, which was on the move, blocking
+all the approaches--transporting sick members of the Unit and some
+equipment which had still to be put on the train, and only my touring
+car and one ambulance with which to do the work. Dr. Inglis had been at
+the station until the early hours of the morning, but nevertheless
+superintended everything that was being done both at the train and up at
+the hospital.
+
+"Towards noon a Serbian officer brought in a report that things were not
+as bad for the moment as they expected. Whereupon the Doctor immediately
+gave orders to prepare the room for service at 4 o'clock that afternoon!
+And she began revolving plans for immediate work in Medjidia. But, alas!
+the good news was a false report--the enemy was rushing onwards. The
+Russian lorry came for the personal baggage and any remaining equipment
+which had not gone by train; and it, piled high with luggage and some of
+the staff, left at 3, the remainder of us going in the ambulance and my
+car. Dr. Inglis came in my car, and I had the honour of driving our dear
+Doctor nearly all the time, and am the only member of the Unit who was
+with her the whole time of the retreat from Medjidia until we reached
+the Danube at Harshova."
+
+The four days of the Dobrudja retreat from October 22nd to 26th were
+days of horror for all who took part in it, not least for Dr. Inglis and
+the members of her Units. "At first we passed a few carts, then at some
+distance more and more, till we found ourselves in an unending
+procession of peasants with all their worldly goods piled on those
+vehicles.... This procession seemed difficult to pass, but as time went
+on, added to it, came the Roumanian army retreating--hundreds of guns,
+cavalry, infantry, ambulances, Red Cross carts, motor-kitchens, and
+wounded on foot--a most extraordinary scene. The night was inky black;
+the only lights were our own head-lights and those of the ambulance
+behind us, but they revealed a sad and never-to-be-forgotten picture.
+Our driver was quite wonderful; she sat unmoved, often for half an hour
+at a time. There was a block, and we had to wait while the yelling,
+frantic mob did what they could to get into some sort of order; then we
+would move on for ten minutes, and then stop again; it was like a dream
+or a play; it certainly was a tragedy. No one spoke; we just waited and
+watched it all; to us it was a spectacle, to these poor homeless people
+it was a terrible reality."[18]
+
+At 11.30 that Sunday night Dr. Inglis and the party with her arrived at
+Caramarat. The straw beds and the fairytale dinner, and the cheery voice
+of Dr. Inglis calling them to partake of it, will never be forgotten by
+these Scottish women.
+
+On arrival at Caramarat Dr. Inglis had asked for a room for her Unit and
+"a good meat meal." She was told a room was waiting for them, but a good
+meal was an impossibility; the town had been evacuated; there had been
+no food to be got for days.
+
+"Though it was only a bare room with straw in heaps on the floor and
+green blankets to wrap ourselves in, to cold, shivering beings like
+ourselves it seemed all that heart could desire.... Never shall I forget
+the delight of lying down on the straw, the dry warm blanket rolled
+round me. Then a most wonderful thing happened--the door opened and
+several soldiers entered with the most beautiful meal I ever ate. It was
+like a fairytale. Where did it come from? The lovely soup--the real
+Russian _borsh_--and roast turkey and plenty of bread and _chi_. We ate
+like wolves, and I can remember so distinctly sitting up in my straw
+nest, with my blanket round me, and hearing Dr. Inglis's cheery voice
+saying, 'Isn't this better than having to start and cook a meal?' She
+was the most extraordinary person; when she said she must have a thing,
+she got it, and it was never for herself, always for others."[19]
+
+They started again early on Monday morning, and after another day of
+adventures slept that night in the open air beside a river.
+
+"Cushions were brought from the cars and all the rugs we could find, and
+soon we were sitting round the fire waiting for the water to boil for
+our tea, and a more delightful merry meal could not be imagined. We all
+told our experiences of the day, and Dr. Inglis said: 'But this is the
+best of all; it is just like a fairytale.' And so it was; for as we
+looked there were groups of soldiers holding their horses, standing
+motionless, staring at us; we saw them only through the wood-smoke. The
+fire attracted them, and they came to see what it could mean. Seeing
+nine women laughing and chatting, alone and within earshot of the guns,
+the distant sky-line red with the enemy's doings, was more than they
+could understand. They did not speak, but quietly went away as they had
+come.... Rolled in our blankets, with the warmth of the fire making us
+feel drowsy, our chatter gradually ceased, and we slept as only a day in
+the open air can make one sleep."
+
+Another two days of continued retreat, and the different parties of
+Scottish women arrived at places of safety.
+
+"Thus we all came through the Dobrudja retreat. We had only been one
+month in Roumania, but we seemed to have lived a lifetime between the
+22nd and 26th of October, 1916." In a letter to the Committee Dr. Inglis
+says of the Unit: "They worked magnificently at Medjidia, and took the
+retreat in a very joyous, indomitable way. One cannot say they were
+plucky, because I don't think it ever entered their heads to be afraid."
+
+Finally the scattered members of the Unit joined forces again at Braila,
+where Dr. Inglis opened a hospital.
+
+During the time at Braila Dr. Inglis wrote to her relations. The letter
+is dated Reni, where she had gone for a few days.
+
+
+                                                         "RENI,
+                                                "_October 28th, 1916._
+     "DEAREST AMY,
+     "Just a line to say I am all right. Four weeks to-morrow since we
+     reached Medjidia and began our hospital. We evacuated it in three
+     weeks, and here we are all back on the frontier.... Such a time it
+     has been, Amy dear; you cannot imagine what war is just behind the
+     lines. And in a retreat....
+
+     "Our second retreat--and almost to the same day. We evacuated
+     Kraguevatz on the 25th of October last year. We evacuated Medjidia
+     on the 22nd this year. On the 25th this year we were working in a
+     Russian dressing-station at Harshova, and were moved on in the
+     evening. We arrived at Braila to find 11,000 wounded and seven
+     doctors, only one of them a surgeon.
+
+     "Boat come--must stop--am going back to Braila to do surgery. Have
+     sent every trained person there.
+
+                                   "Ever, you dear, dear people,
+                                               "Your loving sister,
+                                                              "ELSIE.
+
+     "We have had lots of exciting things too--and amusing things--and
+     _good_ things."
+
+
+Two further retreats had, however, to be experienced by Dr. Inglis and
+her Unit before they could settle down to steady work. The three
+retreats took place in the following order:
+
+_Sunday, October 22nd._--Retreated from Medjidia.
+
+_October 25th._--Arrived at Braila. Worked there till December 3rd.
+
+_December 3rd._--Retreated to Galatz, where very strenuous work awaited
+them.
+
+_January 4th._--Retreated to Reni.
+
+_August, 1917._--Left Reni, and rejoined the Serb division at Hadji
+Abdul.
+
+The work during the above period, from October 25th, 1916, to August,
+1917, was done for the Russians and Roumanians. As soon as it was
+possible, Dr. Inglis joined the Serb division in the end of August,
+1917.
+
+"Dr. Inglis was still working in Reni when the Russian Revolution broke
+out in March.[20] The spirit of unrest and indiscipline, which
+manifested itself among the troops, spread also to the hospitals, and a
+Russian doctor reported that in the other hospitals the patients had
+their own committees, which fixed the hours for meals and doctors'
+visits and made hospital discipline impossible. But there was no sign of
+this under Dr. Inglis's kindly but firm rule. Without relaxing
+disciplinary measures, she did all in her power to keep the patients
+happy and contented; and as the Russian Easter drew near, she bought
+four ikons to be put up in the wards, that the men might feel more at
+home. The result of this kindly thought was a charming Easter letter
+written by the patients--
+
+
+"_To the Much-honoured Elsie Maud, the Daughter of John._
+
+"The wounded and sick soldiers from all parts of the army and fleet of
+great free Russia, who are now for healing in the hospital which you
+command, penetrated with a feeling of sincere respect, feel it their
+much-desired duty, to-day, on the day of the feast of Holy Easter, to
+express to you our deep reverence to you, the doctor warmly loved by
+all, and also to your honoured personnel of women. We wish also to
+express our sincere gratitude for all the care and attention bestowed on
+us, and we bow low before the tireless and wonderful work of yourself
+and your personnel, which we see every day directed towards the good of
+the soldiers allied to your country.... May England live!
+
+                         "(_Signed_) THE RUSSIAN CITIZEN SOLDIERS."
+
+
+We cannot be too grateful to one member of the Unit who, in her
+impressions of Dr. Inglis, has given us a picture of her during these
+months in Russia that will live:
+
+"I think so much stress has been laid, by those who worked under her, on
+the leader who said there was no such word as 'can't' in the dictionary,
+that the extraordinarily lovable personality that lay at the root of her
+leadership is in danger of being obscured. I do not mean by this that we
+all had a romantic affection for her. Her influence was of a much finer
+quality just because she never dragged in the personal element. She was
+the embodiment of so much, and achieved more in her subordinates, just
+because she had never to depend for their loyalty on the limits of an
+admired personality.
+
+"There is no one I should less like to hear described as 'popular.' No
+one had less an easy power of endearing herself at first sight to those
+with whom she came in contact--at least, in the relations of the Unit.
+The first impression, as has been repeated over and over again, was
+always one of great strength and singleness of purpose, but all those
+fine qualities with which the general public is, quite rightly, ready to
+credit her had their roots in a serenity and gentleness of spirit which
+that same public has had all too little opportunity to realize. Her Unit
+itself realized it slowly enough. They obeyed at first because she was
+stronger than they, only later because she was finer and better.
+
+"You know it was not, at least, an easy job to win the best kind of
+service from a mixed lot of women, the trained members of which had
+never worked under a woman before, and were ready with their very narrow
+outlook to seize on any and every opportunity for criticism. There was
+much opposition, more or less grumblingly expressed at first. No one
+hesitated to do what she was told--impossible with Dr. Inglis as a
+chief--but it was grudgingly done. In the end it was all for the best.
+If she had been the kind of person who took trouble to rouse an easy
+personal enthusiasm, the whole thing would have fallen to pieces at the
+first stress of work; on the other hand, if she had never inspired more
+than respect, she would never have won the quality of service she
+succeeded in winning. The really mean-spirited were loyal just so long
+as she was present because she daunted them, and Dr. Inglis's
+disapproval was most certainly a thing to be avoided. But the great
+majority, whatever their personal views, were quickly ready to recognize
+her authority as springing from no hasty impulse, but from a finely
+consistent discipline of thought.
+
+"We were really lucky in having the retreat at the beginning of the
+work. It helped the Unit to realize how complete was the radical
+confidence they felt in her. I think her extraordinary love of justice
+was next impressed upon them. It took the sting out of every personal
+grievance, and was so almost passionately sincere it hardly seemed to
+matter if the verdict went against you. Her selflessness was an example,
+and often enough a reproach, to every one of us, and to go to her in any
+personal difficulty was such a revelation of sympathy and understanding
+as shed a light on those less obvious qualities that really made all she
+achieved possible.
+
+"People have often come to me and said casually, 'Oh yes, Dr. Inglis was
+a very charming woman, wasn't she?' And I have felt sorely tempted to
+say rather snappishly, 'No, she wasn't.' Only they wouldn't have
+understood. It is because their 'charming' goes into the same category
+as my 'popular.'
+
+"I am afraid you will hardly have anticipated such an outburst; the
+difficulty is, indeed, to know where to stop. For what could I not say
+of the way her patients adored her--the countless little unerring things
+she did and said which just kept us going, when things were unusually
+depressing, or the Unit unusually weary and homesick; the really good
+moments when one won the generous appreciation that was so well worth
+the winning; and last--if I may strike this note--her endless personal
+kindness to me."
+
+The following letter to her sister, Mrs. Simson, reveals something of
+the lovable personality of Elsie Inglis. The nephew to whom it refers
+was wounded in the eye at the battle of Gaza, and died a fortnight
+before she did.
+
+
+                                                        "ODESSA,
+                                                     "_June 24th, 1917._
+
+     "DEAREST, DEAREST AMY,
+     "Eve's letter came yesterday about Jim, and though I start at seven
+     to-morrow morning for Reni, I must write to you, dear, before I go.
+     Though what one can say I don't know. One sees these awful doings
+     all round one, but it strikes right home when one thinks of _Jim_.
+     Thank God he is still with us. The dear, dear boy! I suppose he is
+     home by now. And anyhow he won't be going out again for some time.
+     We are all learning much from this war, and I know ---- will say it
+     is all our own faults, but I am not sure that the theory that it is
+     part of the long struggle between good and evil does not appeal
+     more to my mind. We are just here in it, and whatever we suffer and
+     whatever we lose, it is for the right we are standing.... It is all
+     terrible and awful, and I don't believe we can disentangle it all
+     in our minds just now. The only thing is just to go on doing one's
+     bit.... Miss Henderson is taking home with her to-day a Serb
+     officer, quite blind, shot right through behind his eyes, to place
+     him somewhere where he can be trained. I heard of him just after I
+     had read Eve's letter, and I nearly cried. He wasn't just a case at
+     that minute, with my thoughts full of Jim. Dear old Jim! Give him
+     my love, and tell him I'm _proud of him_. And how splendidly the
+     regiment did, and how they suffered!
+
+                                       "Ever your loving sister,
+                                                   "ELSIE MAUD INGLIS."
+
+
+Another of her Unit, who worked with Dr. Inglis not only during the year
+in Russia, but through much of the strenuous campaign for the Suffrage,
+gives us these remembrances:
+
+
+"OUR LAST COMMUNION.
+
+
+     "'He that dwelleth in the secret place of the Most High shall abide
+     under the shadow of the Almighty.'
+
+
+"Dearer to me even than the memory of those outstanding qualities of
+great-hearted initiative, courage, and determination which helped to
+make Dr. Elsie Inglis one of the great personalities of her age is the
+remembrance of certain moments when, in the intimacy of close
+fellowship during my term of office with her on active service, I caught
+glimpses of that simple, sublime faith by which she lived and in which
+she died.
+
+"One of my most precious possessions is the Bible Dr. Inglis read from
+when conducting the service held on Sunday in the saloon of the
+transport which took our Unit out to Archangel. The whole scene comes
+back so vividly! The silent, listening lines of the girls on either
+hand--Hospital grey and Transport khaki; in the centre, standing before
+the Union Jack-covered desk, the figure of our dear Chief, and her
+clear, calm voice--'He that dwelleth in the secret place of the Most
+High.' One felt that such a 'secret place' was indeed the abode of her
+serene spirit, and that there she found that steadfastness of purpose
+which never wavered, and the strength by which she exercised, not only
+the gracious qualities of love, but those sterner ones of ruthlessness
+and implacability which are among the essentials of leadership.
+
+"Dr. Inglis was a philosopher in the calm way in which she took the
+vicissitudes of life. It was only when her judgment, in regard to the
+work she was engaged in, was crossed that you became aware of her
+ruthlessness--her _wonderful_ ruthlessness! I can find no better
+adjective. This quality of hers, perhaps more than any other, drew out
+my admiration and respect. Slowly it was borne in on those who worked
+with her that under no circumstances whatever would she fail the cause
+for which she was working, or those who had chosen to follow her.
+
+"Another remembrance! By the banks of the Danube at Reni, where at night
+the searchlight of the enemy used to play upon our camp, in the tent
+erected by the girls for the service, with the little altar simply and
+beautifully decorated by the nurses' loving hands, I see her kneeling
+beside me wrapt in a deep meditation, from which I ventured to rouse
+her, as the Chaplain came towards her with the sacred Bread and Wine.
+Looking back, it seems to me that even then her soul was reaching out
+beyond this present consciousness:
+
+
+     "'Here in the body pent,
+     Absent from Him I roam.'
+
+
+The look on her face was the look of those who hold high Communion. So
+'in remembrance' we ate and drank of the same Bread and the same Cup.
+Even as I write these words remembrance comes again, and I know that,
+although her bodily presence is removed, her spirit is in communion
+still."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[15] _A History of the Scottish Women's Hospitals._ Hodder and
+Stoughton. 7s. 6d.
+
+[16] _With the Scottish Nurses in Roumania_, by Yvonne Fitzroy.
+
+[17] We recall her great-uncle William Money's strict observance of the
+Sabbath.
+
+[18] "The Dobrudja Retreat," _Blackwood_, March, 1918.
+
+[19] _Blackwood_, March, 1918.
+
+[20] _A History of the Scottish Women's Hospitals._
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII
+
+"IF YOU WANT US HOME, GET _THEM_ OUT"
+
+
+Through the summer months of 1917 Dr. Inglis had been working to get the
+Serbian division to which her Unit was attached out of Russia. They were
+in an unenviable position. The disorganization of the Russian Army made
+the authorities anxious to keep the Serbian division there "to stiffen
+the Russians." The Serb Command realized, on the other hand, that no
+effective stand at that time would be made by the Russians, and that to
+send the Serbs into action would be to expose them to another disaster
+such as had overtaken them in the Dobrudja. In the battle of the
+Dobrudja the Serb division had gone into the fight 14,000 strong; they
+were in the centre, with the Roumanians on the left and the Russians on
+the right. The Roumanians and Russians broke, and the Serbs, who had
+fought for twenty-four hours on two fronts, came out with only 4,000
+men. Further slaughter such as this would have been the fate of the
+Serbian division if left in Russia.
+
+"The men want to fight," said General Zivkovitch to Dr. Inglis; "they
+are not cowards, but it goes to my heart to send them to their death
+like this."
+
+In July there had seemed to be a hope of the division being liberated
+and sent via Archangel to another front; however, later the decision of
+the Russian Headquarters was definitely stated. The Serbs were to be
+kept on the Roumanian front. "The Serb Staff were powerless in the
+matter, and entirely dependent on the good offices of the British
+Government for effecting their release."
+
+Into this difficult situation Dr. Inglis descended, and brought to bear
+on it all the force of which she was capable. The whole story of her
+achievement is told in _A History of the Scottish Women's Hospitals_, in
+those chapters that are written by Miss Edith Palliser. Here we can
+only refer to the message Dr. Inglis sent to the Foreign Office through
+Sir George Buchanan, British Ambassador at Petrograd, giving her own
+clear views on the position and affirming that "In any event the
+Scottish Women's Hospitals will stand by the Serbian division, and will
+accompany them if they go to Roumania."
+
+At the end of the month of August the Unit, leaving Reni, rejoined the
+Serb division at Hadji-Abdul, a little village midway between Reni and
+Belgrade.
+
+Dr. Inglis described it as a
+
+
+     "lovely place ... and we have a perfectly lovely camping-ground
+     among the trees. The division is hidden away wonderfully under the
+     trees, and at first they were very loath to let us pitch our big
+     tents, that could not be so thoroughly hidden; but I was quite bent
+     on letting them see what a nice hospital you had sent out, so I
+     managed to get it pitched, and they are so pleased with us. They
+     bring everybody--Russian Generals, Roumanian Military Attaches and
+     Ministers--to see it, and they are quite content because our
+     painted canvas looks like the roofs of ordinary houses."
+
+
+"There was a constant rumour of a 'grand offensive' to be undertaken on
+the Roumanian front, which Dr. Inglis, though extremely sceptical of any
+offensive on a large scale, made every preparation to meet.
+
+"The London Committee had cabled to Dr. Inglis in the month of August
+advising the withdrawal of the Unit, but leaving the decision in her
+hands, to which she replied:
+
+
+     "'I am grateful to you for leaving decision in my hands. I will
+     come with the division.'
+
+
+"Following upon this cable came a letter, in which she emphasized her
+reasons for remaining:
+
+
+     "'If there were a disaster we should none of us ever forgive
+     ourselves if we had left. We _must_ stand by. If you want us home,
+     get _them_ out.'"
+
+
+Orders and counter-orders for the release of the division were
+incessant, and on their release depended, as we have seen, the
+home-coming of the Unit.
+
+"The London Units Committee had feared greatly for the fate of the Unit
+if, as seemed probable, the Serb division was not able to leave Russia,
+and on November 9 approached the Hon. H. Nicholson at the War Department
+of the Foreign Office, who assured them that the Unit would be quite
+safe with the Serbs, who were well disciplined and devoted to Dr.
+Inglis. At that moment he thought it would be most unsafe for the Unit
+to leave the Serbs and to try to come home overland.
+
+"Mr. Nicholson expressed the opinion that the Committee would never
+persuade Dr. Inglis to leave her Serbs, and added: 'I cannot express to
+you our admiration here for Dr. Inglis and the work your Units have
+done.'"[21]
+
+At last the release of the division was effected, and on November 14 a
+cable was received by the Committee from Dr. Inglis from Archangel
+announcing her departure:
+
+
+     "On our way home. Everything satisfactory, and all well except me."
+
+
+This was the first intimation the London Committee had received that Dr.
+Inglis was ill.
+
+She arrived at Newcastle on Friday, November 23, bringing her Unit and
+the Serbian division with her. A great gale was blowing in the river,
+and they were unable to land until Sunday. Dr. Inglis had been very ill
+during the whole voyage, but on the Sunday afternoon she came on deck,
+and stood for half an hour whilst the officers of the Serbian division
+took leave of her.
+
+"It was a wonderful example of her courage and fortitude. She stood
+unsupported--a splendid figure of quiet dignity, her face ashen and
+drawn like a mask, dressed in her worn uniform coat, with the faded
+ribbons, that had seen such good service. As the officers kissed her
+hand, she said to each of them a few words, accompanied with her
+wonderful smile."
+
+She had stood through the summer months in Russia, an indomitable little
+figure, refusing to leave, until she had got ships for the remnant of
+the Serbian division, and then, with her Serbs and her Unit around her,
+she landed on the shores of England, to die.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[21] _A History of The Scottish Women's Hospitals._
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII
+
+"THE NEW WORK" AND MEMORIES
+
+
+     "Never knew I a braver going
+     Never read I of one....
+
+
+     "You faced the shadow with all tenderest words of love for all of
+     us, but with not one selfish syllable on your lips."[22]
+
+
+Dr. Inglis was brought on shore on Sunday evening, and a room was taken
+for her in the Station Hotel at Newcastle.
+
+"The victory over Death has begun when the fear of death is destroyed."
+
+She had been dying by inches for months. She had fought Death in Russia;
+she had fought him through all the long voyage. It was a strange
+warfare. For he was not to be stayed. Irresistible, majestic, wonderful,
+he took his toll--and yet she remained untouched by him! With unclouded
+vision, undimmed faith, and undaunted courage, serene and triumphant, in
+the last, _she passed him by_.
+
+There was no fear in that room on the evening that Elsie Inglis "went
+forth."
+
+Dr. Ethel Williams writes of her in November, 1919: "The demonstration
+of serenity of spirit and courage during Dr. Inglis's last illness was
+so wonderful that it has dwelt with me ever since. At first one felt
+that she did not in the least grasp the seriousness of her condition,
+but very soon one realized that she was just meeting fresh events with
+the same fearlessness and serenity of spirit as she had met the
+uncertainties and difficulties of life."
+
+One of her nieces was with her the whole of that last day. After Dr.
+Ethel Williams's visit, when for the first time Elsie Inglis realized
+that the last circle of her work on earth was complete, she said to her
+niece, "It is grand to think of beginning a new work over there!"
+
+By the evening her sisters were with her. To the very last her mind was
+clear, her spirit dominant. Her confident "I know," in response to every
+thought and word of comfort offered to her, was the outward expression
+of her inward State of Faith.
+
+What made her passing so mighty and full of triumph? Surely it was the
+"Power of an Endless Life," that idea to which she had committed herself
+years ago as she had stood at the open grave where the first seemingly
+hopeless good-bye had been said. The Power of that Endless Life, the
+Life of Christ, carried her forward on its mighty current into the New
+Region shut out from our view, but where the Life is still the same.
+
+We have watched through these pages the widening circles of Elsie
+Inglis's life. Her medical profession, The Hospice, the Women's
+Movement, the Scottish Women's Hospitals, Serbia, her achievements in
+Russia--these we know of; the work which has been given to her now is
+beyond our knowledge; but "we look after her with love and admiration,
+and know that somewhere, just out of sight, she is still working in her
+own keen way," circle after circle of service widening out in endless
+joyousness.
+
+On Thursday, November 29, St. Giles's Cathedral in Edinburgh was filled
+with a great congregation, assembled to do honour to the memory of Elsie
+Inglis. She was buried with military honours. At the end of the service
+the Hallelujah Chorus was played, and after the Last Post the buglers of
+the Royal Scots rang out the Reveille. From the door of the Cathedral to
+the Dean Cemetery the streets were lined with people waiting to see her
+pass. "Dr. Inglis was buried with marks of respect and recognition which
+make that passing stand alone in the history of the last rites of any of
+her fellow-citizens." It was not a funeral, but a triumph. "What a
+triumphal home-coming she had!" said one friend. And another wrote: "How
+glorious the service was yesterday! I don't know if you intended it, but
+one impression was uppermost in my mind, which became more distinct
+after I left, until by evening it stood out clear and strong. The note
+of _Victory_. I had a curious impression that her spirit was there, just
+before it passed on to larger spheres, and that it was glad. I felt I
+must tell you. I wonder if you felt it too. The note of Victory was
+bigger than the war. The Soul triumphant passing on. The Reveille
+expressed it."
+
+[Illustration: _Photo by D. Scott_
+
+THE HIGH STREET, EDINBURGH, LOOKING TOWARDS ST. GILES]
+
+In the two Memorial Services held to commemorate Dr. Inglis, one in St.
+Giles's Cathedral and the other in St. Margaret's, Westminster, a week
+later, the whole nation and all the interests of her life were
+represented.
+
+Royalty was represented, the Foreign Office, the War Office, the
+Admiralty, different bodies of women workers, the Suffrage cause, the
+Medical world, the Serbians, and--the children.
+
+Scores of "her children" were in St. Giles's, scattered through the
+congregation; in the crowds who lined the streets, they were seen
+hanging on to their mothers' skirts; and they were round the open grave
+in the Dean Cemetery. These were the children of the wynds and closes of
+the High Street, some of them bearing her name, "Elsie Maud," to whom
+she had never been too tired or too busy to respond when they needed her
+medical help or when "they waved to her across the street."
+
+
+"The estimate of a life of such throbbing energy, the summing up of
+achievement and influence in due proportion--these belong to a future
+day. But we are wholly justified in doing honour to the memory of a
+woman whose personality won the heart of an entire brave nation, and of
+whom one of the gallant Serbian officers who bore her body to the grave
+said, with simple earnestness: 'We would almost rather have lost a
+battle than lost her!'"[23]
+
+"Alongside the wider public loss, the full and noble public recognition,
+there stands in the shadow the unspoken sorrow of her Unit. The price
+has been paid, and paid as Dr. Inglis herself would have wished it, on
+the high completion of a chapter in her work, but we stand bowed before
+the knowledge of how profound and how selfless was that surrender.
+Month after month her courage and her endurance never flagged. Daily and
+hourly, in the very agony of suffering and death, she gave her life by
+inches. Sad and more difficult though the road must seem to us now, our
+privilege has been a proud one: to have served and worked with her, to
+have known the unfailing support of her strength and sympathy, and, best
+of all, to be permitted to preserve through life the memory and the
+stimulus of a supreme ideal."[24]
+
+"So passes the soul of a very gallant woman. Living, she spent herself
+lavishly for humanity. Dying, she joins the great unseen army of Happy
+Warriors, who as they pass on fling to the ranks behind a torch which,
+pray God, may never become a cold and lifeless thing."[25]
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[22] In a letter written to his son after his death: see _Life beyond
+Death_, by Minot Judson Savage.
+
+[23] The Very Rev. Wallace Williamson.
+
+[24] Miss Yvonne Fitzroy in _With the Scottish Nurses in Roumania_.
+
+[25] A writer in the _Sunday Times_.
+
+
+
+
+BIBLIOGRAPHY
+
+
+[The following books will be found of value by those whose interest may
+have been awakened by these pages to desire to know more of the career
+chosen by Elsie Inglis, and to gain an entrance into the lives of other
+men and women who have followed the medical profession both at home and
+abroad.--ED.]
+
+
+     The Problem of Creation. By J. E. Mercer, Bp. S.P.C.K.
+
+     Pioneers of Progress (Men of Science). Edited by S. Chapman, M.A.,
+     D.Sc. S.P.C.K.
+
+     God and the World. By Canon A. W. Robinson. S.P.C.K.
+
+     The Natural and Supernatural in Science and Religion. By J. M.
+     Wilson. S.P.C.K.
+
+     The Mystery of Life. By J. E. Mercer, Bp. S.P.C.K.
+
+     Where Science and Religion Meet. By Scott Palmer. S.P.C.K.
+
+     The Natural Law in the Spiritual World. By Henry Drummond. Hodder
+     and Stoughton.
+
+     Introduction to Science. By Prof. J. A. Thomson. Williams and
+     Norgate.
+
+     The Warder of Life. By Prof. J. A. Thomson. Melrose and Sons.
+
+     Secrets of Animal Life. By Prof. J. A. Thomson. Melrose and Sons.
+
+     Darwinism and Human Life. By Prof. J. A. Thomson. Melrose and Sons.
+
+     A History of the Scottish Women's Hospitals. By Eva Shaw McLaren.
+     Hodder and Stoughton.
+
+     Vikings of To-day. By W. T. Grenfell. Marshall Bros.
+
+     Father Damien. By Edward Clifford. Macmillan.
+
+     The Life of David Livingstone. By W. G. Blakie, D.D., LL.D. John
+     Murray.
+
+     Among the Wild Tribes of the Afghan Frontier. By Dr. Pennell.
+     Seeley, Service.
+
+     Pennell of the Afghan Frontier. By A. M. Pennell. Seeley, Service.
+
+     Memoirs and Letters of Sir James Paget. By Stephen Paget. Longmans,
+     Green.
+
+     Lord Lister: His Life and Work. By G. T. Wrench. Longmans, Green.
+
+     The Life of Pasteur. By Rene Vallery-Radot. Constable.
+
+     A Woman Doctor--Mary Murdoch of Hull. By Hope Malleson. Sidgwick
+     and Jackson.
+
+     The Life of Sophia Jex-Blake. By Margaret Todd. Macmillan.
+
+     Sir Victor Horsley. By Stephen Paget. Constable.
+
+     At Work: Letters of Maria Elizabeth Hayes, M.D. Edited by Mrs.
+     Hayes. S.P.G.
+
+     Pioneer Work for Women (see Bibliography, page xiv.). By Dr.
+     Elizabeth Blackwell. Dent.
+
+     Dr. Jackson of Manchuria. By Rev. A. J. Costain, B.A. Hodder and
+     Stoughton.
+
+     Dr. Isabel Mitchell of Manchuria. By Rev. F. W. S. O'Neill. J.
+     Clarke.
+
+     The Way of the Good Physician. By Henry Hodgkin. L.M.S.
+
+     The Claim of Suffering. By Elma Paget. S.P.G.
+
+     Companions of My Solitude. By Sir A. Helps. George Routledge.
+
+     Friends in Council (2 vols.). By Sir A. Helps. John Murray.
+
+     Confessio Medici. Macmillan.
+
+     I Wonder. By Stephen Paget. Macmillan.
+
+     I Sometimes Think. By Stephen Paget. Macmillan.
+
+     The Corner of Harley Street: Being Some Familiar Correspondence of
+     Peter Harding, M.D. Constable.
+
+     Living Water. By Harold Begbie. Headley Bros.
+
+     Essays on Vocation. Edited by Basil Mathews. (A second series is in
+     course of preparation.) Oxford University Press.
+
+     Body and Soul. By Dr. Dearmer. Isaac Pitman.
+
+     Common Sense. By Dr. Jane Walker. Privately printed.
+
+
+BILLING AND SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Elsie Inglis, by Eva Shaw McLaren
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