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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/18635-8.txt b/18635-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54d0fa2 --- /dev/null +++ b/18635-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2108 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Treaty Held with the Indians of the Six +Nations at Philadelphia, in July 1742, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Treaty Held with the Indians of the Six Nations at Philadelphia, in July 1742 + To which is Prefix'd an Account of the first Confederacy + of the Six Nations, their present Tributaries, Dependents, + and Allies + +Author: Various + +Editor: Sir George Thomas + +Release Date: June 20, 2006 [EBook #18635] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE TREATY HELD WITH THE *** + + + + +Produced by Thierry Alberto, Linda Cantoni, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by the Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions +(www.canadiana.org)) + + + + + + + + + +THE + +TREATY + +Held with the + +_INDIANS_ + +OF THE + +SIX NATIONS + +AT + +_Philadelphia_, in _July 1742_. + +To which is Prefix'd + +An Account of the _first Confederacy_ of the _SIX NATIONS_, their +present TRIBUTARIES, DEPENDENTS, and ALLIES. + + +_LONDON:_ + +Re-printed and Sold by T. SOWLE RAYLTON and LUKE HINDE, at the _Bible_ +in _George-Yard, Lombard-Street_. + +[Price Six-Pence.] + + + + +THE + +PREFACE. + + +_A Copy of the following_ Treaty, _printed at_ Philadelphia _in 1743, +having fallen into my Hands, upon perusal, I judg'd its Contents +deserved to be more generally known, than probably would have been from +the few Copies which might be sent over._ + +_To make it more instructive and entertaining, I had once Thoughts of +prefixing an Account of the_ Customs _and_ Manners _of these_ People, +_such an one as I could collect either from the_ Printed Relations +_concerning them, or from such_ Materials _as my_ Correspondence _or_ +Acquaintance _would have afforded: But, the_ accurate Description _drawn +up and published by the memorable_ WILLIAM PENN, _deterr'd me from +attempting a short One; and an ingenious Gentleman of_ New-York _will +probably soon oblige the World with a large and curious History of the_ +Five Nations,[1] _exceeding any thing in my Power to perform._ + +[Footnote 1: The History of the _Five Nations_, from the earliest +Acquaintance of the _Europeans_ with them, to the _Treaty_ of _Reswick_, +by C. COLDEN, a _Manuscript_ ready for the Press, in the Hands of a +worthy Gentleman in _London_.] + +_But, that the_ Reader _might have some Idea of these_ People, _I +thought it necessary to subjoin the following succinct_ Account _of the_ +Principles _in this_ Confederacy, _their_ Tributaries, Dependents _and_ +Allies: _And the more so, as it is neither extant in_ Print, _nor is +this Part taken Notice of so fully in the_ Manuscript History +_above-mentioned. It was communicated by a Gentleman of good +Understanding and Probity; one who is very well skill'd in the_ Indian +_Affairs,[2] adopted into one of their_ Tribes, _is of their_ Council, +_and their constant_ Interpreter _at the_ Philadelphia Treaties, _to a +Friend of his, who sent it to his_ Correspondent _here._ + +[Footnote 2: "It is customary among them to make a Complement of +_Naturalization_ into the _Five Nations_; and considering how highly +they value themselves above all others, it must be accounted no small +one.--I had this _Complement_ from one of their old _Sachems_, which he +did by giving me his _own Name_: He had been a notable Warriour; and he +told me, that now I had a Right to assume to my self all the Acts of +Valour he had performed." C. COLDEN'S _History of the_ Five Nations, +_M.S._] + +_They have generally been stiled the_ Five Nations _of_ Indians, +_bordering upon_ Pensilvania _and_ New-York; _but, since the Arrival of +the_ Tuscarora's _from_ Carolina, _they are called the_ Six Nations. _An +Account of whom is as follows,_ + +1. _The_ Conymkos _or_ Mohawks; _the first Promoter of the_ +Confederacy.[3] _He is stiled in the Council of all the Nations,_ +Dicarihoagan, _i.e._ President _or_ Eldest. + +[Footnote 3: The _Indian_ Idiom; they always stile a _whole Nation_ in +the _singular Number_.] + +2. _The_ Onayiuts _or_ Onoyders, _were the first that join'd in the_ +Confederacy _with the_ Mohawks, _by putting themselves under their_ +Protection. _He calls the_ Mohawk _his_ Father, _and in Return +[Transcriber's Note: original has "Retnrn"] he is called a_ Son: _The_ +Mohawk _used him for his_ Ambassador _to the_ other _Nations: In Council +he is stiled_ Niharontaquoa, _or the_ great Tree.[4] + +[Footnote 4: A _Tree_ is their most frequent Emblem of _Peace_. To plant +a Tree whose Top may reach to the Sun, and its Branches may extend over +the whole Country, is a Phrase for a lasting Covenant of Peace.] + +3. _The_ Onontago's _were the next that joined, and of their own Accord +became_ Confederates; _they are therefore called by the_ Mohawks, +Brothers; _and by the_ Onoyders, Fathers, _because they had not been +forced into the Alliance as the_ Onoyders _were: He is called in +Council_ Sagochsaanagechteront, _i.e. the_ Arms, _or_ Names-bearer. + +4. _The_ Jenontowano's _or_ Sinikers _next joined in the_ Alliance _of +their own Consent; they are stiled by the_ Mohawks _and_ Onontago's, +Brothers, _and by the_ Onoyders, Fathers: _His Title in Council is_ +Onughkaarydaawy, _whose Signification is not known, and_ +Dyionenhookaraw, _i.e._ Open Doors for Friends and Enemies. + +5. _The_ Caiukquo's, _the last of the_ Five-Nation _Alliance, being +compelled thereto by the Rest, is_ Brother _to the_ Onoyders, _and_ Son +_to the_ others; _is stiled in Council_ Ganunawantoowano, _or the_ great +Pipe.[5] + +[Footnote 5: The _great Pipe_, or _Calumet_ of the _Indians_, resembles +the Olive-Branch of Antiquity, always a Badge of Peace.] + +6. Tuscarora's _joined in the_ Alliance _about thirty Years ago, being +compelled thereto by the_ English _of_ Carolina: _He is_ Brother _to +the_ Onoyders _and_ Cayukquo's, _and_ Son _to the_ others; _has no Title +in Council, but is frequently called a_ Fool. + + +_The_ Dependents _and_ Tributaries _of these Nations._ + +Mohickons, _who formerly lived on_ Hudson's _River, and in_ New-England; +_they have been conquer'd by the_ Five Nations, _their_ Breech-Cloth +_taken from them, and a_ Petticoat _put upon them. When they apply to +their Conquerors, they humbly call themselves_ Women: _The_ Five Nations +_call them by the same Name when they [Transcriber's Note: original has +"thy"] speak severely to 'em: At other times they call them_ Cousins, +_and are in Return called_ Uncles. + +Delawares _are in the same Condition as the_ Mohickons, _were dealt with +in like manner; and are Tributary in an_ Indian _Sense._[6] + +[Footnote 6: "All the Nations round them have for many Years entirely +submitted to them, (the _Five Nations_) and pay a Yearly Tribute in +_Wampum_: They dare neither make War nor Peace without the Consent of +the _Mohawks_. Two old Men commonly go about every Year or two to +receive this Tribute; and I have had Opportunity to observe what Anxiety +the poor _Indians_ were under, whilst the two old Men remained in that +Part of the Country where I was. An old _Mohawk Sachem_, in a poor +Blanket and a dirty Shirt, may be seen issuing his Orders with as +absolute Authority as a _Roman_ Dictator, or King of _France_." C. +COLDEN'S History.] + +Shawanese _are_ Brethren _to the_ Six Nations, _but are not in the_ +Confederacy: _Their Coming from the_ Spanish _Dominions is remember'd by +many now living. The_ Five Nations _gave them Lands on the West Branch +of_ Susquehanna, _and therefore claim a Superiority over them, for which +the_ Shawanese _mortally hate them. The greatest Part of 'em, a few +Years ago, went to settle on the River_ Ohio, _which is a Branch of the_ +Missisippi, _and heads with the West Branch of_ Susquehanna. _One Tribe +of them is quite gone down to_ New Spain; _there are a few left still +at_ Wyomink _on the North Branch of_ Susquehanna, _and others have a +large Town on an Island in the West Branch, about 50 Miles above the_ +Forks. _They are the most restless and mischievous of all the_ Indians. + +Conestogo Indians _have been all destroyed by the_ Five Nations, _except +a few whom the_ Onoyders _adopted: When these had forgot their Language, +they were sent back to_ Conestogo, _where a few are now left, and speak +the_ Onoyder's _Language._ + +Nantikooks _are in_ Alliance _with the_ Six Nations, _and not_ +Tributary; _acknowledging themselves to be shelter'd by their Wings: +They live within the Borders of_ Maryland, _a Few about_ Conestogo, _and +some have settled this_ Spring _at the Mouth of the River_ Skohooniaty +_or_ Jeniaty, _which is a Creek that falls into the_ Susquehanna _from +the West beyond the Mountains._ + +Tutolo's _originally lived in_ Virginia, _there are but Few of them; +they settled this_ Spring _at_ Shamokin, (_on the East Side of_ +Susquehanna, _just below the_ Forks) _and are intirely devoted to the_ +Six Nations. + + The several Nations of _Indians_ with whom the _Six Nations_ + or _Iroquois_ are in Alliance; according to the Information + given CONRAD WEISER, Esq; in open Council at _Turpehawkin_, at + their Return from the Treaty at _Philadelphia_ in _July_ 1742. + +1. _A Nation of_ Indians _living on the West Side of the Lake_ Erie, +_and along the Streights of_ Huron's _Lake. They are called by the_ +Iroquois, Unighkellyiakon; _consisting of about_ Thirty Towns, _each of +about 200 Fighting Men._ + +2. _The second Nation lives among the preceeding, called ---- consisting +of_ Four Towns _of their own People, and 400 able Men in all._ + +3. _The third Nation called by the_ Iroquois, Tshisagech Roanu,[7] +_lives on the East Side of the_ Huron's _Lake; several of the Council +have been there, and all agree they have_ Three large Towns _of 600, +800, and 1000 able Men._ + +[Footnote 7: _Roanu_ signifies _Nation_ or _People_, in the Language of +the _Six Nations_.] + +4. _The fourth, called_ Twightwis Roanu, Two large Towns, _and about 200 +Men in all, live at the Heads of_ Huakiky _River, near the little +Lakes._ + +5. Oskiakikas, _living on a Branch of_ Ohio, _that heads near the Lake_ +Erie, Four large Towns, _of about 1000 Warriours._ + +6. Oyachtawnuh Roanu, _near_ Black-River, _consisting of_ Four Towns, +_and 1000 Warriours._ + +7. Keghetawkegh Roanu, _upon the great River_ Missisippi, _above the +Mouth of_ Ohio: Three Towns; _the Number of People uncertain._ + +8. Kerhawguegh Roanu, _several Savage Nations, as their Names signify_, +(the People of the Wilderness) _live on the North Side of_ Huron's +_Lake; they neither plant Corn, nor any thing else, but live altogether +upon Flesh, Fish, Roots and Herbs; an infinite Number of People, of late +become Allies to the_ Iroquois. + +Thus far proceeds CONRAD WEISER'S Account. + +_The_ Six Nations, _as was observed above, border upon the Provinces of_ +Pensilvania _and_ New-York: _The Rest, which are mentioned as their_ +Dependents _and_ Allies, _lie near the_ French _Settlements, some +amidst, and some beyond them. The_ Wisdom _of the_ Chiefs _in this_ +Confederacy _hath gained them no less_ Reputation _than their_ Courage; +_which indeed has struck_ Terror _into the remotest_ Indian _Nations of +North_ America, _and forc'd them to court the Friendship and Protection +of such a formidable Power._ + +_The_ Moderation _and_ Equity _of the_ first _Proprietor of_ +Pensilvania, _gained the absolute Confidence and Affection of this_ +brave People: _They were convinced of his_ Tenderness _for them, and in +Return they have erected him lasting Monuments in their grateful Hearts: +They_ revere _this good Man's_ Memory, _and his Praises will only cease +with the Nations themselves._ + + _The following Clauses from a Collection of_ Charters, &c. + _printed at_ Philadelphia 1740, _are, amongst many others, + strong Proofs of the_ Proprietor's _equitable Regard to these + People._ + +"That no Man, _says he_, shall by any ways or means, in Word or Deed, +affront or wrong any _Indian_, but he shall incur the same Penalty of +the Law, as if he had committed it against his _fellow Planter_: And if +any _Indian_ shall abuse, in Word or Deed, any _Planter_ of this +_Province_, that he shall not be his own Judge upon the _Indian_, but he +shall make his Complaint to the _Governor_ of the _Province_, or his +_Lieutenant_ or _Deputy_, or some inferior _Magistrate_ near him, who +shall to the utmost of his Power, take Care with the KING of the said +_Indian_, that all reasonable Satisfaction be made to the said injured +_Planter_. + +"That all Differences between the _Planters_ and the _Natives_, shall +also be ended by _Twelve Men_, that is, by _Six Planters_ and _Six +Natives_, that so we may live friendly together, as much as in us lieth, +preventing all Occasions of Heart-burnings and Mischief." + +_A Conduct regulated by such Principles of_ Love _and_ Justice, _could +not fail to influence this discerning People, and biass them in Favour +of the_ ENGLISH; _a Continuance of the like Conduct must attach them +inviolably: And the present worthy_ Governor _and_ Council _seem so +sensible of the Necessity of cultivating a good Understanding with the_ +Six Nations, _as to be likely to omit no Opportunity of_ brightening the +Chain, _or_ increasing the Fire of Friendship _with them._ + +_The Confidence which these Nations repose in their_ Interpreter, _is a +Proof of his_ Industry, good Sense, _and_ Address: _Nothing could have +happened more favourably to the_ English _Settlements, than that those +delicate Affairs should be in the Hands of a Person equally just and a +Friend to both._ + +_The_ FRENCH _are perpetually labouring to_ debauch _their Faith to the_ +ENGLISH: _Their Emissaries, the Priests, an indefatigable, artful, +insinuating Race, are constantly labouring to gain Admittance amongst +them. They assume all Shapes, try every Spring; they magnify the Power +and Grandeur of_ FRANCE; _they study to render the_ ENGLISH _diminutive +and contemptible; they foment every little Occasion of Disgust, and +leave no Stone unturned to prejudice us in their Esteem._ + +_Hitherto the Honour of the_ Six Nations, _and the experienced good +Intentions and Probity of the_ ENGLISH, _have been a sufficient Barrier +against all their Intrigues: But it cannot be imprudent to countermine +the intended Mischief, by giving suitable Encouragement to proper +Persons, to converse with the_ Indians, _and study their Genius. An +open-hearted Generosity wins them effectually: The Temper of the_ +ENGLISH _is happily suited to this; and the additional Qualifications +of_ Integrity _and_ Prudence _must in Time pave the Way to an Ascendency +in their Councils, and by this Means the Subtilty of the_ FRENCH _would +be utterly defeated._ + +_One sees, in the following short Sketch of the Behaviour of the_ +Indians, _strong Traces of_ good Sense, _a_ nice Address _in the Conduct +of their Affairs, a_ noble Simplicity, _and that_ manly Fortitude _which +is the constant Companion of_ Integrity. _The Friendship of a Nation +like this, tho' under the Appellation of_ Savages _or_ Barbarians, _is +an Honour to the most civiliz'd People: I say nothing of the Advantage +which is derived from them by Commerce: And the_ FRENCH _well know, by +dear Experience, how terrible they are to their Enemies in War._ + +"When we speak of the _Five Nations_ in FRANCE, (_says an_ Author[8] _of +that Country_) they are thought, by common Mistake, to be meer +_Barbarians_, always thirsting after human Blood: But their true +Character is very different. They are the fiercest and most formidable +People in _North America_; at the same Time as _politick_ and +_judicious_, as well can be imagined: This appears from the Management +of the Affairs which they transact, not only with the FRENCH and +ENGLISH, but likewise with almost all the _Indians_ of this vast +Continent." + +[Footnote 8: DE LA POTERIE'S _History of_ North America, _in_ Dr. +COLDEN'S _History_, &c.] + + + + +THE + +TREATY, _&c._ + + +The Deputies of the Six Nations having, at their last Visit, agreed to +release their Claim to all the Land on both Sides of the River +_Susquehanna_, as far South as this Province extends, and to the +Northward to those called the _Endless Mountains_ or _Kittochtinny +Hills_; in Consideration whereof, they then received a large Quantity of +valuable _Indian_ Goods for the Lands situate on the Eastern Side of the +said River, but declined at that Time to receive any for those on the +Western Side of the said River, chusing to defer the same till another +Visit: A large Number arrived from these Nations at _Philadelphia_, on +_Wednesday_ the 30th of _June_, with Deputies duly impowered to receive +the said Goods; and acquainted the Governor, that being weary, from the +Fatigue of their long Journey, they should crave three or four Days to +rest themselves before they proceeded to their Business: In the mean +Time they would wait on the Governor to discourse, according to their +usual Method, about News and other Occurrences; which the Governor +readily agreed to, and ask'd them when they would chuse to pay their +first Visit; which they desiring might be on _Friday_ the 2d of _July_ +in the Afternoon; the Council was accordingly summon'd, and met at Mr. +_Logan's_ House, where were + +PRESENT, + +The Hon'ble GEORGE THOMAS, Esq; Lieut. Governor. + +_James Logan_, _Samuel Preston_, } +_Clement Plumsted_, _Thomas Lawrence_, } Esqrs; +_Samuel Hasell_, _Ralph Asheton_, } +_Abraham Taylor_, _Robert Strettell_, } + +The Chiefs of the SIX NATIONS, with the Chiefs of the SHAWANESE. + +CANASSATEEGO, the _Onondago_ Chief, Speaker. + +CONRAD WEISER, Interpreter. + +The Governor opened the Conference as follows. + +'_BRETHREN_, + +'The Proprietor having purchased certain Lands from your Nations about +Six Years ago, a Moiety of what was agreed to be given in Consideration +of that Purchase was at that Time delivered to them, and the other being +at their own Desire left in the Proprietor's Hands, He pressed you by +_Shikalamy_, to send last Year for it, and would have been glad to have +seen you and taken you by the Hand before his Departure. But as the +Design of this Meeting is to hear your News, and converse together in a +free and friendly Manner, I shall say no more about the Goods than that +they lye ready at the Proprietor's House, and will be delivered when you +shall have sufficiently rested from the Fatigue of your Journey.' + +The Chief of the _Onondagoes_ spoke, + +'_BRETHREN_, + +'We propose to rest four Days, and then come to the main Business. At +present we are at a private Conference about News, and have something of +this Sort to mention to our Brother ONAS.' And on the Governor's +signifying they would be glad to know what it was, the Chief proceeded. + +'_BRETHREN_, + +'It is our Way when we come to our Brethren, or any other Persons, whom +we live in strict Friendship with, to remove all Obstructions to a good +Understanding; with this View we are to inform you of a Piece of +disagreeable News that happen'd in our Journey.--Some White People +living at a Place called _Conegocheegoe_, whose Names we cannot tell, +nor whether they belong to this or the neighbouring Government, but one +of them, as we heard, had his House burnt over his Head some Years ago, +and he was brought down a Prisoner and committed to the Goal of this +City: These People lighting of our young Warriours, as they were +hunting, made some Proposals about the purchasing of Land from them, and +our young Men being indiscreet, and unacquainted with publick Business, +were foolish enough to hearken to them, and to receive five Duffil +Strowds for two Plantations on the River _Cohongoronto_. A _Conestogoe_ +Indian, and a _French_ Indian, and some others that were in Company had +three Duffil Strowds, and went away with them; and our young Men carried +off the other two. As soon as this came to our Knowledge, we sent for +our Warriours, and after examining and rebuking them severely, we took +away their two Strowds, and publickly censured them for exposing us to +our Brethren of _Pensilvania_, in doing a Thing so inconsistent with our +Engagements to them; _You are_, said we aloud, that all our People might +hear and take Notice, _to know and remember, that the Six Nations have +obliged themselves to sell none of the Land that falls within the +Province of_ Pensilvania _to any other but our Brother_ ONAS, _and that +to sell Lands to any other is an high Breach of the League of +Friendship_. Brethren, this rash Proceeding of our young Men makes us +ashamed. We always mean well, and shall perform faithfully what we have +promised: And we assure you, this Affair was transacted in the Manner we +have related, without our Privity or Consent. And that you may be fully +convinced of this, and of the Sincerity of our Intentions, we have +brought you these Two Strowds [_here he presented two Red Strowds to the +Governor_] they are the very Strowds our foolish young Men received; we +took them from them, and we give them to you to return to those white +People who made the Bargain, and desire when the Strowds are returned to +them, they may be told what we now say, and that we shall not confirm +such Bargains nor any other that may interfere with our Engagements to +our Brother ONAS.' + +The Governor then spoke: + +'_BRETHREN_, + +'I thank you for this Piece of News; you have taken this Matter +perfectly right. All Bargaining for Land within this Province, is, to be +sure, a manifest Breach of your Contract with the Proprietors, and what +we know you will not countenance. We have hitherto found the _Six +Nations_ faithful to their Engagements, and this is a fresh Instance of +their Punctuality. You could not help these Mistakes of your young Men; +they were not done in your Presence: But as several Inconveniencies may +arise from these kind of clandestine Sales, or from any such loose Sales +of Land by your People, we desire you will, on your Return home, give +publick Notice to all your Warriours not to bargain for any Land; or if +they do, that you will not confirm such Bargains; and that this very +Affair, together with what you have done therein, may be particularly +reported to all your Nation assembled in Council.' + +The _Onondago_ Chief promised to give such publick Notice; and desiring +Liberty to mend his former Speech, he proceeded: + +'_BRETHREN_, + +'I forgot one Circumstance: Our People who pretended to sell the Land, +demanded a Belt of _Wampum_ of the Buyers to carry to their Chiefs; and +on their declaring they had no _Wampum_, our Warriours said, they would +not answer that their Chiefs would confirm this Bargain, since they +never did any thing of this Nature without _Wampum_.' + +The Governor, after a short Pause, spoke: + +'_BRETHREN of the Six Nations_, + +'I shall take this Opportunity to relate to you a Piece of disagreeable +News I received some Days ago in a Letter from _Le Tort_ the Indian +Trader, at _Allegheny_, who says, _That in_ May _last some_ Indians _of +the_ Taway _Nation, supposed by us to be_ Twightwees, _in their Return +from War, called and stayed sometime with the_ Shawanese; _who being +asked, and denying they had brought either Scalps or Prisoners, the_ +Shawanese _suspecting them, had the Curiosity to search their Bags, and +finding two Scalps in them, that by the Softness of the Hair did not +feel like_ Indian _Scalps, they wash'd them clean, and found them to be +the Scalps of some_ Christians. _On this Discovery, the_ Twightwees _were +so much ashamed, that they stole away from their Town in the Night-time; +and coming, as they afterwards understood, to a little Village belonging +to the_ Shawanese, _they told our People that their Hearts were full of +Grief; for, as they came along the Road, they found it all bloody; and +having good Cause to believe it was made bloody with the Blood of some +of the White Brethren, they had very sorrowfully swept the Road; and +desired them to inform the Governor of_ Pensilvania _of their (the_ +Twightwees) _Grief; and how they had swept the Road clean.' Le Tort_ +adds, on Behalf of the _Shawanese, 'That they were much troubled and +grieved at this unfortunate Accident; and prayed as they had no Concern +in it, more than by being Instruments to discover it, their Brethren +would not blame them, nor suffer a Misunderstanding to arise between +them on this Account: They would sweep the Road clean, and wipe all the +Blood away; and desired their Brethren would be satisfied with this, and +not weep too much for a Misfortune that might not happen again as long +as the Sun and Moon shone.'_ + +'The Person who delivered me _Le Tort's_ Letter, brought this Bundle of +Skins as a Present to me; but I told the Messenger, I would not meddle +with it; he might leave it if he pleased: The Affair appear'd to me in +a bad Light, and I would represent it to the _Six Nations_, who were +expected in Town every Day. This is the Fact as I have it from _Le +Tort_: I desire to be inform'd if you know any thing of this Matter; and +if you do not, that you will make diligent Enquiry who committed the +Murder, and who are the unhappy Sufferers, and assist us to obtain +Satisfaction, if it shall appear to be any of our Fellow-Subjects that +have been treated in this Manner.' + + _To inforce this Request, I present you with this String of_ + Wampum. + +The _Onondago_ Chief, in Reply, said: + +'_BRETHREN_, + +'We take this Information kind at your Hands; we will take this String +of _Wampum_ home with us to our Lodgings, and there consult about the +most regular and proper Steps to be taken by us to answer your +Expectations; and when we have duly considered the Matter, we will +return you an Answer.' + +Upon this the Governor put an End to the Conference; and calling for +Wine and other Liquors, according to the _Indian_ Custom, after a decent +and chearful Entertainment, the _Indians_ withdrew. + + * * * * * + +At a COUNCIL held at the PROPRIETOR'S HOUSE, _July_ 5. 1742. + +PRESENT + +The Hon'ble GEORGE THOMAS Esq; Lieut. Governor. + +_James Logan_, } +_Clement Plumsted_, } Esqrs. + +With several Gentlemen of the Town, + +_The Chiefs of the Six Nations_ + +It being judg'd proper, at this critical Time, when we are in daily +Expectation of a _French_ War, to sound the _Indians_, and discover what +Dependence we might have on them, in case their Aid should be wanted; an +handsome Dinner was provided for their Chiefs; and after they had made +an hearty Meal, and drank his Majesty's Health, the Proprietor's, and +the Health of the _Six Nations_, the Chiefs gave the solemn Cry, in +Testimony of their Thanks, for the Honour done them. And soon after, the +Governor began, in a free Way, to enquire for what Reason the _Senecas_ +were not come down, since they had an equal Right to a Share of the +Goods with the other Nations.--_Canassateego_, their Speaker, said, 'The +_Senecas_ were in great Distress, on Account of a Famine that raged in +their Country, which had reduced them to such Want, that a Father had +been obliged to kill two of his Children to preserve his own and the +rest of his Family's Lives; and they could not now come down, but had +given Directions about their Share of the Goods.'--The Governor +express'd his Concern for the unhappy Circumstances of their Brethren of +the _Seneca_ Nation; and, after a short Respite, enquired if any of +their Deputies were then at _Canada_, and whether the _French_ Governor +was making any warlike Preparations? And on their answering, _Yes_; the +Governor said, with a smiling, pleasant Countenance, 'I suppose if the +_French_ should go to War with us, you will join them.' The _Indians_ +conferr'd together for some Time, and then _Canassateego_, in a chearful +lively Manner, made Answer.--'We assure you, the Governor of _Canada_ +pays our Nations great Court at this Time, well knowing of what +Consequence we are to the _French_ Interest: He has already told us, he +was uncovering the Hatchet and sharpening it, and hoped, if he should be +obliged to lift it up against the _English_, their Nations would remain +neuter and assist neither Side.--But we will now speak plainly to our +Brethren: Why should we, who are one Flesh with you, refuse to help you, +whenever you want our Assistance?--We have continued a long Time in the +strictest League of Amity and Friendship with you, and we shall always +be faithful and true to you our old and good Allies.--The Governor of +_Canada_ talks a great deal, but ten of his Words do not go so far as +one of yours.--We do not look towards them; We look towards you; and you +may depend on our Assistance.' Whilst the _Onondago_ Chief made this +open and hearty Declaration, all the other _Indians_ made frequently +that particular Kind of Noise which is known to be a Mark of +Approbation.--The Governor bid the Interpreter tell _Canassateego_, 'He +did not set on foot this Inquiry from any Suspicion he had of the _Six +Nations_ wanting a due Regard for the _English_.--Our Experience of +their Honour and Faith would not permit us to think any other of them +than that they would esteem our Friends their Friends, and our Enemies +their Enemies, agreeable to the strict Union which had ever subsisted +between us.--As to the Governor of _Canada_, they need not mind what he +said.--The _English_, on equal Terms, had beat the _French_, and could +beat them again: And were they but to consider the Advantages which the +_English_ have, by possessing so many large and populous Countries, and +so many good Ports on the Continent of _America_, they would soon see +who had most Reason to fear a War, the _French_ or the _English_.' + +Here the Conversation drop'd; and, after another Glass of Wine, the +_Indians_ resumed the Discourse, by asking, whether their Brethren had +not been for some Time engaged in a War with the King of _Spain_, and +what Successes they had met with? + +The Governor told them, the King of _Great Britain_ lived in an Island, +and being surrounded with the Sea, his chief Strength lay in his Ships; +in which he was so much superior to his Enemies, that they were seldom +to be met with on the broad Ocean, but sculk'd and hid themselves, only +venturing out now and then; and whenever they did, they were almost sure +to be taken; and that the King of _Great Britain_ had, with his Ships, +beat down or taken several of the _Spaniards_ Great Forts in +_America_.--The _Indians_ said, they were pleased to hear their Brethren +were an Over-match for their Enemies, and wish'd them good Success. + +The Governor then enquired into the State and Condition of the Nations +to the Westward of the Great Lakes, and whether they had any Warriours +then in those Countries? Whether they had concluded Peace with the +Southern _Indians_? And whether they had heard what their Deputies had +done at _Albany_? + +They made Answer: That they had always Abundance of their Men out +amongst the Nations situate to the West of their Lakes.--That they had +kindled a Fire with a vast many Nations, some whereof where Tributaries, +and they had a good Understanding with all.--They set out from their own +Country in Company with two Sets of Deputies, one going to hold a Treaty +with the Southern _Indians_, and they believed a Peace would be +concluded: The other going to meet the Governor of _New-York_, at +_Albany_; but they could not tell what had been done at either +Place.--On their Return, they were to hold a General Council, and would +inform their Brethren of these Particulars. + +Then the Governor put an End to the Conference, by telling the _Indians_ +the Goods would be delivered to them at a Council to be held to morrow +Afternoon at the Meeting-House. + + * * * * * + +At a COUNCIL held in the Meeting-House, _Philadelphia_, _July_ 6. 1742. + +PRESENT, + +The Hon'ble GEORGE THOMAS, Esq; Lieut. Governor. + +_James Logan_, _Samuel Preston_, } +_Clement Plumsted_, _Ralph Asheton_, } Esqrs; +_Abraham Taylor_, _Robert Strettell_, } + +CANASSATEEGO, Chief of the _Onondagoes_, Speaker, + +SHICALAMY; and a great Number of _Indians_, + +whose Names are as follow, _viz._ + +ONONTAGOES. + +_Sawegaty_, } +_Caxhayion_, } Counsellors. +_Saguyassatha_, +_Kayadoghratie_, alias _Slanaghquasy_. +_Rotier-uwughton_, +_Tokaughaah_, +_Tiorughwaghthe_, +_Tokano-ungoh_, +_Aronty-oony_, +_Tohanohawighton_, +_Tioghwatoony_, +_Auughrahysey_. + +CAIYOUQUOS. + +_Sahugh-sowa_, } +_Tohatgaghthus_, } Chiefs. +_Tokany-esus_, +_Runho-hihio_, +_Kanadoghary_, +_Zior-aghquaty_, +_Sagu-iughwatha_, alias _Cadcaradasey_. +_Sca-yenties_, +_Tats-heghteh_, +_Alligh-waheis_, +_Tayo-quario_, +_Hogh degh runtu_, +_Rotehn Haghtyackon_, Captain, +_Sawoalieselhohaa_, +_Sagughsa-eck_, +_Uwantakeraa_, +_Horuhot_, +_Osoghquaa_, +_Tuyanoegon_. + +ANOYIUTS _or_ ONEIDAS. + +_Saristaquoh_, } +_Ungquaterughiathe_, alias _Shikelimo_, } Chiefs. +_Tottowakerha_, +_Taraghkoerus_, +_Onughkallydawwy_, a noted young Chief. +_Onughnaxqua_, Chief. +_Tawyiakaarat_, +_Tohathuyongochtha_, +_Sughnakaarat_, +_Taghneghdoerus_, +_Tokanyiadaroeyon_, +_Sagogughyatha_, +_Rahehius_, +_Tokanusoegon_. + +JENONTOWANOS _or_ SENACAS. + +_Karugh-iagh Raghquy_, Capt. +_Tahn heentus_, +_Onontyiack_. + +TUSCARROROS. + +_Sawontka_, } +_Ti-ieroes_, } Chiefs. +_Cloghsytowax_ } +_Tokaryhoegon_, Captain. +_Oghioghseh_, +_Tieleghweghson_, +_Tougrotha_, +_Yorughianego_, +_Ot-quehig_, +_Squaghky_, +_Sayadyio_, +_Onughsowûghton_, +_Cherigh wâstho_, +_Aghsûnteries_, +_Tion ogh scôghtha_, +_Saligh wanaghson_, +_Ohn-wâasey_, +_Tocar-eber_, [died since at _Tulpehokin_.] +_Tahanatâkqua_, +_Kanyhâag_. + +SHAWANOES. + +_Wehwehlaky_, Chief. +_Aset teywa_, +_Asoghqua_, +_Maya minickysy_, +_Wawyia Beeseny_. + +Canestogo _Indians that speak the_ Onayiut's _Language_. + +_Tior Haasery_, Chief. +_Tanigh wackerau_, +_Karha Cawyiat_, +_Kayen quily quo_. + +CANOYIAS _or_ NANTIKOKES _of_ Canestogo. + +_Des-seheg_, +_Ichqua que heck_, +_Quesamaag_, +_Ayiok-ius_. + +DELAWARES _of_ Shamokin. + +_Olumapies_, } +_Lingehancah_, } Chiefs. +_Kelly macquan_, +_Quitie-yquont_, +_Pishquiton_, +_Nena chy haut_. + +DELAWARES _from the_ Forks + +_Onutpe_, } +_Lawye quohwon_ alias _Nutimus_, } Chiefs. +_Toweghkappy_, +_Cornelius Spring_, and others. + +CONRAD WEISER, +CORNELIUS SPRING, +_Interpreters_. + +And a great Number of the +Inhabitants of _Philadelphia_. + +The Governor, having commanded Silence, spoke as follows: + +_Friends and Brethren of the Six Nations_, + +'Six Years ago a Number of your Chiefs obliged us with a Visit, when +they agreed, on Behalf of your Nations, to the Release of certain Lands +on both Sides the River _Susquehanna_, to the Southward of the +_Endless-Mountains_, and within the Limits and Bounds of the King's +Grant of this Province. In Consideration of which, a certain Quantity of +Goods was agreed on and delivered as a full Satisfaction for the said +Lands lying on the Eastern Side of the said River: And for the Lands on +the Western Side of the said River, you desired the Payment should be +deferr'd till another Opportunity. These Goods, which are exactly the +same in Quantity as those you received the last Time the Chiefs of your +Nations were here, have been ready a considerable Time, and kept in +Expectation of your Coming for them: And now you are come down fully +impowered by your respective Councils to receive them, we are well +pleased to deliver them: Leaving it to you to make a fair and equal +Division of them amongst yourselves. We are sorry for the Absence of our +Brethren the _Senecas_, and much more so that it should be owing to +their Distress at Home by a Famine that rages in their Country:--A +Famine so great, that you tell us a Father has been obliged to sacrifice +one Part of his Family, even his own Children, for the Support and +Preservation of himself and the other Part.--We heartily commiserate +their Condition, and do not doubt but you will do them fair and ample +Justice in the Disposal of their Part of the Goods in such Manner as +they have instructed you. You shall now hear the List of the Goods read +to you.' + +Here, by the Governor's Order, the List of the Goods was read over, +_viz._ + + 500 _Pounds of Powder_. + 600 _Pounds of Lead_. + 45 _Guns_. + 60 _Strowd-Matchcoats_. + 100 _Blankets_. + 100 _Duffil Matchcoats_. + 200 _Yards Half-thick_. + 100 _Shirts_. + 40 _Hats_. + 40 _Pair of Shoes & Buckles_. + 40 _Pair of Stockings_. + 100 _Hatchets_. + 500 _Knives_. + 100 _Hoes_. + 60 _Kettles_. + 100 _Tobacco-Tongs_. + 100 _Scissars_. + 500 _Awl-Blades_. + 120 _Combs_. +2000 _Needles_. +1000 _Flints_. + 24 _Looking-Glasses_. + 2 _Pounds of Vermilion_. + 100 _Tin Pots_. +1000 _Tobacco-Pipes_. + 200 _Pounds of Tobacco_. + 24 _Dozen of Gartering, &_ + 25 _Gallons of Rum_. + +Then the Governor told them that the Goods, of which the Particulars had +been just Read to them, were in the Meeting-House, and would be sent to +whatever Place they would direct. + +The Governor then proceeded: + +'_BRETHREN_, + +'You have often heard of the Care that your great and good Friend and +Brother _William Penn_ took at all Times to cultivate a perfect good +Harmony with all the _Indians_: Of this your Nations have ever been +fully sensible; but more especially a Number of your Chiefs, about ten +Years ago, when, on the Arrival of a Son of your said great Friend +_William Penn_, large and valuable Presents were exchanged by us with +you; a new Road was made and clear'd; a new Fire kindled; and the Chain +of Friendship made stronger, so as to last while the Sun and Moon +endure. + +'And now we cannot but congratulate ourselves that your Coming should +happen at a Time when we are in daily Expectation of a War being +declared between the King of _England_, and the _French_ King, well +knowing, that should such a War happen, it must very sensibly affect +you, considering your Situation in the Neighbourhood of _Canada_. Your +Coming at this Juncture is particularly fortunate, since it gives us an +Opportunity of mentioning several Things that may be necessary to be +settled between People so strictly and closely united as we are.--An +Union not to be express'd by any thing less than the affectionate +Regards which Children of the same Parents bear for each other, as +conceiving ourselves to be one Flesh and one People. + +'The utmost Care therefore ought mutually to be taken by us on both +Sides, that the Road between us be kept perfectly clear and open, and no +Lets, nor the least Obstruction be suffered to lie in the Way; or if any +should by Accident be found, that may hinder our free Intercourse and +Correspondence, it must forthwith be removed. + + _To inforce this, We lay down a String of_ Wampum. + +'In next Place, We, on our Part, shall inlarge our Fire that burns +between us. We shall provide more Fewel to increase it and make it burn +brighter and clearer, and give a stronger and more lasting Light and +Warmth. + + _In Evidence of our sincere Intentions, We lay down this Belt + of_ Wampum. + +'In the last Place, considering the Obligations we are mutually under by +our several Treaties, _That we should hear with our Ears for you, and +you hear with your Ears for us_. We shall at all Times very willingly +give you the earliest and best Intelligence of any Designs that may be +form'd to your Disadvantage.--And if you discover any Preparations that +can hurt us, we desire you will immediately dispatch some suitable +Person in whom we can place a Confidence, to give us a proper +Information.' + + _To inforce this Request, as well as to brighten the Chain, we + lay down this other Belt of_ Wampum. + +On the Governor's concluding the Speech, the solemn Cry, by way of +Approbation, was repeated by the _Indians_, as many Times as there were +Nations present; and then _Canassateego_ rose up and spoke. + +'_BRETHREN_, [Transcriber's Note: original has "BRRTHREN"] + +'We thank you for your kind Speech: What you have said is very agreeable +to us; and to-morrow when we have deliberated on the several Matters +recommended to us, we will give you our Answer. We desire, as our Time +will be wholly taken up in Council, you will order the Goods to be +carried back to the Proprietaries to prevent their being lost, and that +they may continue there till we call for them.' + + * * * * * + +At a COUNCIL held in the Meeting-House, _July_ 7. 1742. + +PRESENT, + +The Hon'ble GEORGE THOMAS, Esq; Lieut. Governor. + +_James Logan, Samuel Preston,_ } +_Thomas Lawrence, Samuel Hasell,_ } Esqrs; +_Abraham Taylor, Robert Strettell,_ } + +CANASSATEEGO'S Speech on Behalf of the _Six Nations_. + +'_BRETHREN, the Governor and Council, and all present_, + +According to our Promise we now propose to return you an Answer to the +several Things mentioned to us Yesterday, and shall beg Leave to speak +to publick Affairs first, tho' they were what you spoke to last. On this +Head you Yesterday put us in Mind, first, _Of_ William Penn's _early and +constant Care to cultivate Friendship with all the_ Indians; _of the +Treaty we held with one of his Sons, about Ten Years ago; and of the +Necessity there is at this Time of keeping the Roads between us clear +and free from all Obstructions._ We are all very sensible of the kind +Regard that good Man _William Penn_ had for all the _Indians_, and +cannot but be pleased to find that his Children have the same. We well +remember the Treaty you mention held with his Son on his Arrival here, +by which we confirmed our League of Friendship that is to last as long +as the Sun and Moon endure: In Consequence of this, We, on our Part, +shall preserve the Road free from all Incumbrances: in Confirmation +whereof, we lay down this String of _Wampum_. + +'You in the next Place said, _You would inlarge the Fire and make it +burn brighter_, which we are pleased to hear you mention; and assure +you, we shall do the same, by adding to it more Fewel, that it may still +flame out more strongly than ever: In the last Place, you were pleased +to say, _that we are bound, by the strictest Leagues, to watch for each +others Preservation; that we should hear with our Ears for you, and you +hear with your Ears for us_: This is equally agreeable to us; and we +shall not fail to give you early Intelligence whenever any Thing of +Consequence comes to our Knowledge: And to encourage you to do the same, +and to nourish in your Hearts what you have spoke to us with your +Tongues, about the Renewal of our Amity and the Brightening of the Chain +of Friendship; we confirm what we have said with another Belt of +_Wampum_.' + +'_BRETHREN_, + +We received [Transcriber's Note: original has "rececived"] from the +Proprietor's, yesterday, some Goods in Consideration of our Release of +the Lands on the West-Side of _Susquehanna_: It is true we have the full +Quantity according to Agreement; but if the Proprietor had been here +himself, we think, in Regard of our Numbers and Poverty, he would have +made an Addition to them.--If the Goods were only to be divided amongst +the _Indians_ present, a single Person would have but a small Portion; +but if you consider what Numbers are left behind, equally intituled with +us to a Share, there will be extreamly little. We therefore desire, if +you have the Keys of the Proprietor's Chest, you will open it, and take +out a little more for us. + +'We know our Lands are now become more valuable: The white People think +we do not know their Value; but we are sensible that the Land is +everlasting, and the few Goods we receive for it are soon worn out and +gone. For the Future we will sell no Lands but when Brother ONAS is in +the Country; and we will know beforehand the Quantity of the Goods we +are to receive. Besides, we are not well used with Respect to the Lands +still unsold by us. Your People daily settle on these Lands, and spoil +our Hunting.--We must insist on your Removing them, as you know they +have no Right to settle to the Northward of _Kittochtinny-Hills_.--In +particular, we renew our Complaints against some People who are settled +at _Juniata_, a Branch of _Susquehanna_, and all along the Banks of that +River, as far as _Mahaniay_; and desire they may be forthwith made to go +off the Land; for they do great Damage to our Cousins the _Delawares_. + +'We have further to observe, with Respect to the Lands lying on the West +Side of _Susquehanna_, that tho' Brother ONAS (meaning the Proprietor) +has paid us for what his People possess, yet some Parts of that Country +have been taken up by Persons whose Place of Residence is to the South +of this Province, from whom we have never received any Consideration. +This Affair was recommended to you by our Chiefs at our last Treaty; and +you then, at our earnest Desire, promised to write a Letter to that +Person who has the Authority over those People, and to procure us his +Answer: As we have never heard from you on this Head, we want to know +what you have done in it. If you have not done any thing, we now renew +our Request, and desire you will inform the Person whose People are +seated on our Lands, that that Country belongs to us, in Right of +Conquest; we having bought it with our Blood, and taken it from our +Enemies in fair War; and we expect, as Owners of that Land, to receive +such a Consideration for it as the Land is worth. We desire you will +press him to send us a positive Answer: Let him say _Yes_ or _No_: If he +says _Yes_, we will treat with him; if _No_, we are able to do +ourselves Justice; and we will do it, by going to take Payment +ourselves. + +'It is Customary with us to make a Present of Skins whenever we renew +our Treaties. We are ashamed to offer our Brethren so few; but your +Horses and Cows have eat the Grass our Deer used to feed on. This has +made them scarce, and will, we hope, plead in Excuse for not bringing a +larger Quantity: If we could have spared more, we would have given more; +but we are really poor; and desire you'll not consider the Quantity, +but, few as they are, accept them in Testimony of our Regard.' + + _Here they gave the Governor a Bundle of Skins._ + +The Governor immediately replied: + +'_BRETHREN_, + +We thank you for the many Declarations of Respect: you have given us in +this solemn Renewal of our Treaties: We receive, and shall keep your +String and Belts of _Wampum_, as Pledges of your Sincerity, and desire +those we gave you may be carefully preserved, as Testimonies of ours. + +'In Answer to what you say about the Proprietaries.--They are all +absent, and have taken the Keys of their Chest along with them; so that +we cannot, on their Behalf, enlarge the Quantity of Goods: Were they +here, they might, perhaps, be more generous; but we cannot be liberal +for them.--The Government will, however, take your Request into +Consideration, and, in Regard to your Poverty, may perhaps, make you a +Present. I but just mention this now, intending to refer this Part of +your Speech to be answered at our next Meeting. + +'The Number of Guns, as well as every Thing else, answers exactly with +the Particulars specified in your Deed of Conveyance, which is more +than was agreed to be given you. It was your own Sentiments, that the +Lands on the West Side of _Susquehanna_ were not so Valuable as those on +the East; and an Abatement was to be made, proportionable to the +Difference in Value: But the Proprietor overlooked this, and ordered the +full Quantity to be delivered, which you will look on as a Favour. + +'It is very true, that Lands are of late become more Valuable; but what +raises their Value? Is it not entirely owing to the Industry and Labour +used by the white People in their Cultivation and Improvement? Had not +they come amongst you, these Lands would have been of no Use to you, any +further than to maintain you. And is there not, now you have sold so +much, enough left for all the Purposes of Living?--What you say of the +Goods, that they are soon worn out, is applicable to every Thing; but +you know very well, that they cost a great deal of Money; and the Value +of Land is no more than it is worth in Money. + +'On your former Complaints against People's Settling the Lands on +_Juniata_, and from thence all along on the River _Susquehanna_ as far +as _Mahaniahy_, some Magistrates were sent expresly to remove them; and +we thought no Persons would presume to stay after that. + +Here they interrupted the Governor, and said:--'_These Persons who were +sent did not do their Duty: So far from removing the People, they made +Surveys for themselves, and they are in League with the Trespassers. We +desire more effectual Methods may be used and honester Persons +imploy'd._' + +Which the Governor promised, and then proceeded: + +'_BRETHREN_, + +According to the Promise made at our last Treaty with you, Mr. _Logan_, +who was at that Time President, did write to the Governor of _Maryland_, +that he might make you Satisfaction for such of your Lands as his People +had taken up; but did not receive one Word from him upon that Head. I +will write to him again, and endeavour to procure you a Satisfactory +Answer. We do not doubt but he will do you Justice: But we exhort you to +be careful not to exercise any Acts of Violence towards his People, as +they likewise are our Brethren, and Subjects of the same Great King; and +therefore Violence towards them must be productive of very evil +Consequences. + +'I shall conclude what I have to say at this Time with Acknowledgments +for your Present; which is very agreeable to us, from the Expressions of +Regard used by you in presenting it: Gifts of this Nature receiving +their Value from the Affection of the Giver, and not from the Quantity +or Price of the Thing given.' + + * * * * * + +At a COUNCIL held at _Philadelphia_, _July_ 8. 1742. + +PRESENT + +The Hon'ble GEORGE THOMAS Esq; Lieut. Governor. + +_James Logan_, _Samuel Preston_, } +_Clement Plumsted_, _Thomas Lawrence_, } Esqrs; +_Samuel Hasell_, _Ralph Asheton_, } +_Abraham Taylor_, _Robert Strettell_, } + +The Board taking into Consideration, whether it be proper or not at this +Time, to make a Present to the _Indians_ of the _Six Nations_, now in +Town, in Return for their Present to this Government at Yesterday's +Treaty: + +_Resolved_, + +That it is highly fit and proper that a Present be made to the said +_Indians_ at this Time. + +And it is the Opinion of this Board, that the said Present should be of +the Value of £.500, or at least £.300. + +And it is recommended to Mr. _Logan_, Mr. _Preston_, and Mr. _Lawrence_, +to acquaint Mr. _Kinsey_, the Speaker of the Assembly, with the Opinion +of this Board; and that they request him to confer with such other +Members of Assembly as are in Town, and report their Sentiments +thereupon. + +The Board taking into Consideration the Threats express'd by the +_Indians_, at the Treaty Yesterday, against the Inhabitants of +_Maryland_, settled on certain Lands on the West Side of _Susquehanna_, +which the _Indians_ claim, and for which they require Satisfaction; and +considering, that should those Threats, in any sort, be put in +Execution, not only the Inhabitants of _Maryland_, but of this +Government, and all his Majesty's Subjects on the Northern Continent of +_America_, may thereby be involved in much Trouble: It is the Opinion of +this Board, that the Governor write to the Governor of _Maryland_ +without Delay, to inform him of the _Indians_ Complaints and Threats, +and to request a satisfactory Answer; and that his Letter be sent by a +special Messenger, at the Publick Expence. + + * * * * * + +At a COUNCIL held _July_ 9. 1742. + +PRESENT, + +The Hon'ble GEORGE THOMAS Esq; Lieut. Governor. + +_James Logan_, _Samuel Preston_, } +_Clement Plumsted_, _Ralph Asheton_, } Esqrs; +_Samuel Hasell_, _Thomas Lawrence_, } +_Robert Strettell_, } + +And Mr. _Peters_. + +The Governor informed the Board, that the _Indian_ Chiefs dining with +him Yesterday, after Dinner delivered their Answer to two Affairs of +Consequence: + +The first related to the violent Battery committed on _William Webb_, in +the Forks of _Delaware_, whereby his Jaw-bone was broke, and his Life +greatly endangered, by an unknown _Indian_. _Canassateego_ repeating the +Message delivered to the _Six Nations_ by _Shickalamy_, in the Year +1740, with a String of _Wampum_, said in Answer: 'The _Six Nations_ had +made diligent Enquiry into the Affair, and had found out the _Indian_ +who had committed the Fact; he lived near _Asopus_, and had been +examined and severely reproved: And they hoped as _William Webb_ was +recovered, the Governor would not expect any further Punishment; and +therefore they returned the String of _Wampum_ received from their +Brethren, by the Hand of _Shickalamy_, in Token that they had fully +Comply'd with their Request.' + +I thank'd them for their Care; but reminded them, that tho' the Man did +not die, yet he lay a long Time in extreme Misery, and would never +recover the free Use of his Speech, and was rendred less able to get his +Livelyhood, and in such Cases the _English_ Laws obliged the Assailant +to make good all Damages, besides paying, for the Pain endured.--But as +the _Indian_ was, in all Probability, Poor and unable to make +Satisfaction, I told them, that for their Sake I would forgive him; +adding, had _Webb_ died I make no Doubt but you would have put the +_Indian_ to Death, just as we did two of our People who had killed an +_Indian_; we caused them to be hung on a Gallows, in the Presence of +many Hundreds of our People, to deter all others from doing the like. +_Canassateego_ made me this Reply: 'The _Indians_ know no Punishment but +Death; they have no such Thing as pecuniary Mulcts; if a Man be guilty +of a Crime, he is either put to Death, or the Fault is overlook'd. We +have often heard of your Hanging-up those two Persons; but as none of +our _Indians_ saw the Men die, many believe they were not hanged, but +transported to some other Colony: And it would be satisfactory to the +_Indians_, if, for the Future, some of them be sent for, to be +Witnesses to such Executions.' I assured them, that whoever gave them +that Information, abused them; for the Persons certainly suffered Death, +and in the Presence of all the People. + +_Canassateego_ then proceeded to give an Answer to what was said to them +the 2d Instant, relating to _Le Tort_'s Letter: 'That they had, in +Council, considered in what Manner the Matter recommended to them ought +to be conducted; and they were of Opinion, that as the _Shawanese_, not +the _Twightwys_, (for they knew so much of it that the People were of +the _Twightwy_ Nation in whose Bags the Scalps were found) had sent me a +Present of Skins, I should, in Return, send them a Blanket or a Kettle, +and with it a very sharp Message, that tho' they had done well in +sweeping the Road from Blood, yet that was but a small Part of their +Duty; they ought not to have suffered the _Twightwys_, after their Lye, +and the Discovery of the Scalps, to have left them, 'till they had given +a full and true Account how they came by them, whose Scalps they were, +and in what Place, and for what Reason the Men were kill'd; and when +they had been fully satisfied of all these Particulars, then it was +their Duty to have given Information to the Government where the white +People lived, that the Murderers might be complained against, and +punished by the Nation they belong'd to: And as the _Shawanese_ had +omitted to perform the Part of Brethren, that I should reprove them for +it, and charge them to make amends for their Neglect, by using all +possible Expedition to come at the Knowledge of these Things, and to aid +their Brethren the white People in obtaining Justice.' + +The Minutes of the Preceding Council being read, Mr. _Logan_, in +Pursuance of the Board's Direction of Yesterday, reported, on Behalf of +himself and the other Gentlemen to whom it was recommended, that they +had confer'd with Mr. _Kinsey_, and requested him to consult the other +Members of the Assembly concerning the making a Present to the +_Indians_; and that Mr. _Kinsey_ having collected the Sentiments of +several Members of the Assembly in Town, whom he had confer'd with on +that Subject, found them generally of Opinion, that a Present should at +this Time be made; but that they had declined nominating any Sum: +However, that Mr. _Kinsey_ had given it as his own Opinion, that the +Governor and Council might go as far as _Three Hundred Pounds_. + +And accordingly it is refer'd to Mr. _Logan_, Mr. _Preston_, and Mr. +_Lawrence_, to consider of and prepare a proper List of the Goods +whereof the Present should be composed, to the Value of _Three Hundred +Pounds_ as aforesaid; advising with the Interpreter as to the Quantity +and Quality. + + * * * * * + +At a COUNCIL held at the Proprietor's the 9th of _July_, _P.M._ 1742. + +PRESENT, + +The Hon'ble GEORGE THOMAS, Esq; Lieut. Governor. + +_James Logan_, _Robert Strettell_, } +_Samuel Preston_, _Abraham Taylor_, } Esqrs. + +The CHIEFS of the _Six Nations_. + +_SASSOONAN_, and _Delawares_. + +_NUTIMUS_, and the _Fork-Indians_. + +_CONRAD WEISER_, Interpreter. + +The Governor spoke to the Chiefs of the _Six Nations_ as follows: + +'_BRETHREN_, [Transcriber's Note: original has "BRRTHREN"] + +The last Time the Chiefs of the _Six Nations_ were here, they were +informed, that your Cousins, a Branch of the _Delawares_, gave this +Province some Disturbance about the Lands the Proprietor purchased from +them, and for which their Ancestors had received a valuable +Consideration above _Fifty-five_ Years ago, as appears by a Deed now +lying on the Table.--Sometime after this, _Conrad Weiser_ delivered to +your Brother _Thomas Penn_ your Letter, wherein you request of him and +_James Logan_ that they would not buy Land, _&c._--This has been shewn +to them and interpreted; notwithstanding which they have continued their +former Disturbances, and have had the Insolence to write Letters to some +of the Magistrates of this Government, wherein they have abused your +good Brethren our worthy Proprietaries, and treated them with the utmost +Rudeness and Ill-Manners. Being loth, from our Regard to you, to punish +them as they deserve, I sent two Messengers to inform them that you were +expected here, and should be acquainted with their Behaviour.--As you, +on all Occasions, apply to us to remove all white People that are +settled on Lands before they are purchased from you, and we do our +Endeavours to turn such People off; we now expect from you, that you +will cause these _Indians_ to remove from the Lands in the Forks of +_Delaware_, and not give any further Disturbance to the Persons who are +now in Possession.' + + _To inforce this we lay down a String of_ Wampum. + +Then were read the several Conveyances, the Paragraph of the Letter +wrote by the Chiefs of the _Six Nations_ relating to the _Delawares_, +the Letters of the _Fork-Indians_ to the Governor and Mr. _Langhorne_, +and a Draught of the Land; and then delivered to _Conrad Weiser_, who +was desired to interpret them to the Chiefs when they should take this +Affair into their Consideration. + + * * * * * + +At a COUNCIL held _July_ 10, 1742. + +PRESENT, + +The Hon'ble GEORGE THOMAS Esq; Lieut. Governor. + +_James Logan_, _Samuel Preston_, } +_Clement Plumsted_, _Samuel Hasell_, } Esqrs; +_Thomas Lawrence_, _Robert Strettell_, } +_Abraham Taylor_, } + +The Governor laid before the Board an Extract from the Treaty held here +the 7th Instant with the _Indians_ of the _Six Nations_, so far as it +related to the Inhabitants of _Maryland_; as also a Letter he had +prepared for the Governor of _Maryland_ upon that Subject; both of which +being approved, were ordered to be transcribed fair, in order to be +dispatch'd to morrow Morning: The Letter is as follows: + +_Philadelphia, July_ 10, 1742. + +_SIR_, + +_The inclosed Extract of the Speech made by the Chiefs of the_ Six +Nations, _before a very numerous Audience, in this Place, with my Answer +to it, is of so great Importance to all his Majesty's Colonies in this +Part of his Dominions, and to your Government in particular, that I have +imploy'd a special Messenger to deliver it you. I hope you will enable +me to send them a satisfactory Answer. It would be impertinent in me to +say more to one so well informed as you are of these Nations, and of +their absolute Authority over all the_ Indians _bordering upon us, or of +the Advantages of maintaining a strict Friendship with them at all +Times, but more especially at this critical Juncture._ + +I am, + +Yours, _&c._ + +An Account exhibited by _Conrad Weiser_ of his Expences upon the +_Indians_ and _Indian_ Affairs, from _February_ last to _July_ 1. 1742, +amounting to £.36 18_s._ 3_d._ was laid before the Board, and examined, +and allowed to be a just and very moderate Account. + +And the Board taking into Consideration the many signal Services +perform'd by the said _Conrad Weiser_ to this Government, his Diligence +and Labour in the Service thereof, and his Skill in the _Indian_ +Languages and Methods of Business, are of Opinion that the said _Conrad_ +should be allowed, as a Reward from the Province at this Time, the Sum +of _Thirty Pounds_, at least, besides Payment of his said Account. + + * * * * * + +At a COUNCIL held at the Great Meeting-House, _July_ 10, _P.M._ 1742. + +PRESENT, + +The Hon'ble GEORGE THOMAS Esq; Lieut. Governor. + +_James Logan_, _Samuel Preston_, } +_Thomas Lawrence_, _Samuel Hasell_, } Esqrs; +_Abraham Taylor_, _Robert Strettell_, } + +_CANASSATEEGO_, } +_SHICKALAMY_, } And other _Indian_ Chiefs. + +CONRAD WEISER, Interpreter, + +And a great Number of the Inhabitants of _Philadelphia_. + +The Governor spoke to the _Indians_ as follows. + +'_BRETHREN_, + +This Meeting will be short: It is in order to make you a Present from +the Governor, the Council, the Assembly, and all our People. _William +Penn_ was known to you to be a good and faithful Friend to all the +_Indians_: He made a League of Friendship with you, by which we became +one People. This League has often since been renew'd by friendly +Treaties; and as you have declared that the Friendship shall always last +on your Parts, so we would have you believe that it shall remain +inviolable on ours while Sun and Moon endure. + +'I gave you some Expectation of a Present, and we have it now ready to +deliver to you. This Present is made you by the Governor, Council, +Assembly, and all our People, in Consideration of the great Miseries and +Distresses which you our good Friends have lately suffered. This will be +some Relief to you for the present, and 'tis to be hoped your own +Industry will soon retrieve your Circumstances. + +'It has sometimes hapened, and may happen again, that idle and untrue +Stories are carried to you concerning us your Brethren; but our Desire +is, and we expect it from you, that you will give no Credit to them; for +we are, and always will be, your steady and sincere Friends. + +'It is a Custom when we renew our Treaties with our good Friends the +_Indians_, to clear the Road and make our Fire burn bright: We have done +so upon this Occasion; and, in Token of our Sincerity, we deliver you, +as a Present from the Governor, the Council, the Assembly, and all the +People of _Pensilvania_, the following Goods, _viz._ + + 24 _Guns_, + 600 _Pounds of Lead_, + 600 _Pounds of Powder_, + 25 _Strowdes_ } + 90 _Duffel_ } _Match-Coats_. + 30 _Blankets_, + 62 _Yards of Half-Thicks_. + 60 _Ruffled Shirts_, + 25 _Hats_, +1000 _Flints_, + 50 _Hoes_, + 50 _Hatchets_, + 5 _Pounds of Vermilion_, + 10 _Dozen of Knives_, + 8 _Dozen of Gimblets_, + 2 _Dozen of Tobacco-Tongs_, + 25 _Pair of Shoes_, + 25 _Pair of Stockings_, + 25 _Pair of Buckles_. + +Whereupon the Chiefs and all the _Indians_, returned their solemn +Thanks; and _Canassateego_ said, 'They had no more to say as to publick +Business at present; but they had somewhat under Deliberation, which +when they had duly considered they would communicate.' + + * * * * * + +At a COUNCIL held at the PROPRIETOR'S, _July_ 12, 1742. + +PRESENT, + +The Hon'ble GEORGE THOMAS Esq; Lieut. Governor. + +_James Logan_, _Clement Plumsted_, } +_Thomas Lawrence_, _Abraham Taylor_, } Esqrs; +_Robert Strettell_, } + +Mr. _Richard Peters_. + +_CANASSATEEGO_, } And sundry Chiefs of the +_SHICKALAMY_, } SIX NATIONS. + +_SASSOONAN_, and _Delawares_. + +_NUTIMUS_, and _Fork-Indians_. + +_CONRAD WEISER_, Interpreter. + +_Pisquetoman_, } +_Cornelius Spring_, } Interpreters to the _Fork Indians_. +_Nicholas Scull_, } + +_CANASSATEEGO_ said: + +'_BRETHREN the Governor and Council_, + +The other Day you informed us of the Misbehaviour of our Cousins the +_Delawares_, with Respect to their continuing to claim, and refusing to +remove from some Land on the River _Delaware_, notwithstanding their +Ancestors had sold it by a Deed, under their Hands and Seals, to the +Proprietaries, for a Valuable Consideration, upwards of _Fifty_ Years +ago; and notwithstanding that they themselves had about ---- Years ago, +after a long and full Examination, ratified that Deed of their +Ancestors, and given a fresh one under their Hands and Seals; and then +you requested us to remove them, inforcing your Request with a String of +_Wampum_.--Afterwards you laid on the Table our own Letters by _Conrad +Weiser_, some of our Cousins Letters, and the several Writings, to prove +the Charge against our Cousins, with a Draught of the Land in +Dispute.--We now tell you, we have perused all these several Papers: We +see with our own Eyes, that they have been a very unruly People, and are +altogether in the Wrong in their Dealings with you.--We have concluded +to remove them, and oblige them to go over the River _Delaware_, and +quit all Claim to any Lands on this Side for the Future, since they have +received Pay for them, and it is gone thro' their Guts long ago.--To +confirm to you that we will see your Request executed, we lay down this +String of _Wampum_ in Return for yours.' + +Then turning to the _Delawares_, holding a Belt of _Wampum_ in his Hand, +he spoke to them as follows: + +'_COUSINS_, + +Let this Belt of _Wampum_ serve to Chastise you. You ought to be taken +by the Hair of the Head and shaked severely, till you recover your +Senses and become sober. You don't know what Ground you stand on, nor +what you are doing. Our Brother ONAS'S Cause is very just and plain and +his Intentions to preserve Friendship. On the other Hand, Your Cause is +bad; your Heart far from being upright; and you are maliciously bent to +break the Chain of Friendship with our Brother ONAS and his People. We +have seen with our Eyes a Deed sign'd by _Nine_ of your Ancestors above +_Fifty_ Years ago for this very Land, and a Release sign'd, not many +Years since, by some of yourselves and Chiefs now living, to the Number +of _Fifteen_ or upwards.--But how came you to take upon you to sell Land +at all? We conquered you; we made Women of you; you know you are Women, +and can no more sell Land than Women; nor is it fit you should have the +Power of selling Lands, since you would abuse it. This Land that you +claim is gone through your Guts; you have been furnish'd with Cloaths, +Meat, and Drink, by the Goods paid you for it, and now you want it +again, like Children as you are.--But what makes you sell Land in the +Dark? Did you ever tell us that you had sold this Land? Did we ever +receive any Part, even the Value of a Pipe Shank, from you for it? You +have told us a blind Story, that you sent a Messenger to us to inform us +of the Sale, but he never came amongst us, nor we never heard any Thing +about it.--This is acting in the Dark, and very different from the +Conduct our _Six Nations_ observe in their Sales of Land; on such +Occasions they give publick Notice, and invite all the _Indians_ of +their united Nations, and give them all a Share of the Present they +receive for their Lands.--This is the Behaviour of the wise united +Nations.--But we find you are none of our Blood: You act a dishonest +Part, not only in this, but in other Matters: Your Ears are ever open to +slanderous Reports about our Brethren; you receive them with as much +Greediness as lewd Women receive the Embraces of bad Men. And for all +these Reasons we charge you to remove instantly; we don't give you the +Liberty to think about it. You are Women. Take the Advice of a wise Man, +and remove immediately. You may return to the other Side of _Delaware_ +where you came from: But we do not know whether, considering how you +have demean'd yourselves, you will be permitted to live there; or +whether you have not swallowed that Land down your Throats as well as +the Land on this Side. We therefore assign you two Places to go, either +to _Wyomen_ or _Shamokin_. You may go to either of these Places, and +then we shall have you more under our Eye, and shall see how you behave. +Don't deliberate; but remove away, and take this Belt of _Wampum_.' + +This being interpreted by _Conrad Weiser_ into _English_, and by +_Cornelius Spring_ into the _Delaware_ Language, _Canassateego_ taking a +String of _Wampum_, added further. + +'After our just Reproof, and absolute Order to depart from the Land, you +are now to take Notice of what we have further to say to you. This +String of _Wampum_ serves to forbid you, your Children and +Grand-Children, to the latest Posterity for ever, medling in Land +Affairs; neither you nor any who shall descend from you, are ever +hereafter to presume to sell any Land: for which Purpose, you are to +preserve this String, in Memory, of what your Uncles have this Day given +you in Charge.--We have some other Business to transact with our +Brethren, and therefore depart the Council, and consider what has been +said to you. + +_Canassateego_ then spoke to the Governor and Council: + +'_BRETHREN_, + +We called at our old Friend _James Logan's_ in our Way to this City, and +to our Grief we found him hid in the Bushes, and retired, through +Infirmities, from Publick Business. We press'd him to leave his +Retirement, and prevailed with him to assist once more on our Account at +your Councils. We hope, notwithstanding his Age, and the Effects of a +Fit of Sickness, which we understand has hurt his Constitution, that he +may yet continue a long Time to assist this Province with his Councils. +He is a wise Man, and a fast Friend to the _Indians_. And we desire, +when his Soul goes to GOD, you may chuse in his Room just such another +Person, of the same Prudence and Ability in Counselling, and of the same +tender Disposition and Affection for the _Indians_. In Testimony of our +Gratitude for all his Services, and because he was so good as to leave +his Country-House, and follow us to Town, and be at the Trouble, in this +his advanced Age, to attend the Council; we present him with this Bundle +of Skins. + +'_BRETHREN_, + +It is always our Way, at the Conclusion of a Treaty, to desire you will +use your Endeavours with the Traders, that they may sell their Goods +cheaper, and give us a better Price for our Deer-Skins. Whenever any +particular Sort of _Indian_ Goods is scarce, they constantly make us pay +the dearer on that Account. We must now use the same Argument with them: +Our Deer are killed in such Quantities, and our Hunting-Countries grown +less every Day, by the Settlement of white People, that Game is now +difficult to find, and we must go a great Way in Quest of it; they +therefore ought to give us a better Price for our Skins; and we desire +you would speak to them to do so. We have been stinted in the Article of +Rum in Town. We desire you will open the Rum-Bottle, and give it to us +in greater Abundance on the Road. + + _To inforce this Request, about the_ Indian _Traders, we + present you with this Bundle of Skins._ + +'_BRETHREN_, + +When we first came to your Houses, we found them clean and in Order: But +we have staid so long as to dirty them; which is to be imputed to our +different Way of Living from the white People: And therefore, as we +cannot but have been disagreeable to you on this Account, we present you +with some Skins to make your Houses clean, and put them into the same +Condition they were in when we came amongst you. + +'_BRETHREN_, + +The Business the _Five Nations_ transact with you is of great +Consequence, and requires a skilful and honest Person to go between us; +one in whom both you and and [Transcriber's Note: repeated word in +original] we can place a Confidence.--We esteem our present Interpreter +to be such a Person, equally faithful in the Interpretation of whatever +is said to him by either of us, equally allied to both; he is of our +Nation, and a Member of our Council as well as of yours. When we +adopted him, we divided him into Two equal Parts: One we kept for our +selves, and one we left for you. He has had a great deal of Trouble with +us, wore out his Shoes in our Messages, and dirty'd his Cloaths by being +amongst us, so that he is become as nasty as an _Indian_. + +'In Return for these Services, we recommend him to your Generosity; and +on our own Behalf, we give him _Five Skins_ to buy him Clothes and Shoes +with. + +'_BRETHREN_, + +'We have still one more Favour to ask. Our Treaty, and all we have to +say about publick Business, is now over, and to morrow we design to +leave you. We hope, as you have given us Plenty of good Provision whilst +in Town, that you will continue your Goodness so far as to supply us +with a little more to serve us on the Road. And we likewise desire you +will provide us with Waggons, to carry our Goods to the Place where they +are to be conveyed by Water. + +To these several Points the Governor made the following Reply. + +'_BRETHREN of the Six Nations_, [Transcriber's Note: original has +"BRRTHREN"] + +'The Judgment you have just now pass'd on your Cousins the _Delawares_, +confirms the high Opinion we have ever entertained of the Justice of the +_Six Nations_. This Part of your Character, for which you are deservedly +famed, made us wave doing our selves Justice, in order to give you +another Opportunity of convincing the World of your inviolable +Attachment to your Engagements. These unhappy People might have always +liv'd easy, having never receiv'd the least Injury from us; but we +believe some of our own People were bad enough to impose on their +Credulity, and engage them in these wrong Measures, which we wish, for +their Sakes, they had avoided. + +'We hoped, from what we have constantly given in Charge to the _Indian_ +Traders, that they would have administred no just Cause of Complaint: If +they do you Wrong, it is against our Inclinations, and contrary to our +express Directions. As you have exhibited no particular Charge against +them, we shall use our best Endeavours to persuade them to give you as +much for your Skins as they can possibly afford; and to take Care that +their Goods which they give in Exchange for Skins, be of the best Sort. +We will likewise order you some Rum to serve you on your Journey home, +since you desire it. + +'We wish there had been more Room and better Houses provided for your +Entertainment; but not expecting so many of you, we did the best we +could. 'Tis true there are a great many Houses in Town, but as they are +the Property of other People, who have their own Families to take Care +of, it is difficult to procure Lodgings for a large Number of People, +especially if they come unexpectedly. + +'We entertain the same Sentiments of the Abilities and Probity of the +Interpreter as you have express'd. We were induc'd at first to make Use +of him in this important Trust, from his being known to be agreeable to +you, and one who had lived amongst you for some Years, in good Credit +and Esteem with all your Nations; and have ever found him equally +faithful to both. We are pleas'd with the Notice you have taken of him, +and think he richly deserves it at your Hands. We shall not be wanting +to make him a suitable Gratification, for the many good and faithful +Services he hath done this Government. + +'We have already given Orders for Waggons to carry your Goods, and for a +Supply of Provisions to serve you on the Road in your Return home, where +we heartily wish you may arrive in good Health.' + +After the Governor had concluded [Transcriber's Note: original has +"conclued"], Mr. _Logan_ return'd an Answer to that Part of +_Canassateego's_ Speech which related to Him, and said, 'That not only +upon the Account of his Lameness, of which the _Indians_ themselves were +Witnesses; but on Account of another Indisposition which about three +Years since had laid him under an Incapacity of expressing himself with +his former usual Freedom, he had been obliged to live retired in the +Country. But that our first Proprietor, the Honourable _William Penn_, +who had ever been a Father and true Friend to all the _Indians_, having +above Forty Years since recommended them to his particular Care, he had +always, from his own Inclination, as well as from that strict Charge, +endeavoured to convince all the _Indians_, that He was their true +Friend; and was now well pleased, that after a Tract of so many Years, +they were not insensible of it. He thanked them kindly for their +Present, and heartily joined with them in their Desires, that this +Government may always be furnished with Persons of equally good +Inclinations, and not only with such, but also with better Abilities to +serve them.' + +And then _Canassateego_ said, he had forgot to mention, that +_Shickalamy_ and _Caxhayn_, had been employ'd on several Messages to +this Government, and desir'd that they might be consider'd on that +Account. + + * * * * * + +At a COUNCIL held the 12th of _July, P.M._ 1742. + +PRESENT, + +The Hon'ble GEORGE THOMAS Esq; Lieut. Governor. + +_James Logan_, _Samuel Preston_, } +_Clement Plumsted_, _Thomas Lawrence_, } Esqrs; +_Samuel Hasell_, _Abraham Taylor_, } +_Robert Strettell_, } + +Mr. _Richard Peters._ + +The Board taking into Consideration the Regulation of the necessary +Expences of the _Indians_ Travelling down hither, and Returning; and +upon an Estimate made by _Conrad Weiser_, amounting to about _One +Hundred Pounds_, it appearing that the said Sum of £100. will be +necessary to be advanced to _Conrad Weiser_ to defray those Expences, +Mr. _Logan_ on the Proprietaries Behalf, proposes to advance 40_l._ and +the Treasurer declaring he had no publick Money in his Hands, and that +if he had, he would not advance Money without the Assembly's Order; it +is recommended to Mr. _Preston_ and Mr. _Lawrence_, to confer with Mr. +_Kinsey_, and know whether he, as Speaker of the Assembly, and Trustee +of the Loan-Office, will advance the other 60_l._ + +And the _Indians_ having requested that they might have a small Quantity +of Rum, to be added to their Provisions, to comfort them on the Road: +The Board is of Opinion, that there be added to the said Estimate +---- for Twenty Gallons of Rum for the aforesaid Use. And in Return for +their Present of Skins, at Requesting that the _Indian_ Traders be +enjoyn'd to sell their Goods cheaper, the Board directs that two Strouds +be presented. And that _Five Pounds_ be given to _Caxhayn_ on the +Account of the Province, for his Services; and to _Shickalamy_ the like +Sum. + +_A Just Copy; compared by_ + +_PATRICK BAIRD_, Secr'y. + + + + +Advertisement. + + +Of the Printers of this _Treaty_ may be had, [Price 6_d_] The CHARGE +delivered from the _Bench_ to the GRAND INQUEST, at a Court of _Oyer_ +and _Terminer_ and General _Gaol Delivery_, [Transcriber's Note: +original has "Goal"] held for the City and County of PHILADELPHIA; by +the Hon'ble JAMES LOGAN Esq; _Chief Justice_ of the Province of +PENSILVANIA. + + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Treaty Held with the Indians of +the Six Nations at Philadelphia, in July 1742, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE TREATY HELD WITH THE *** + +***** This file should be named 18635-8.txt or 18635-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/8/6/3/18635/ + +Produced by Thierry Alberto, Linda Cantoni, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by the Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions +(www.canadiana.org)) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Treaty Held with the Indians of the Six Nations at Philadelphia, in July 1742 + To which is Prefix'd an Account of the first Confederacy + of the Six Nations, their present Tributaries, Dependents, + and Allies + +Author: Various + +Editor: Sir George Thomas + +Release Date: June 20, 2006 [EBook #18635] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE TREATY HELD WITH THE *** + + + + +Produced by Thierry Alberto, Linda Cantoni, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by the Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions +(www.canadiana.org)) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + + +<h2>THE</h2> + +<h1>TREATY</h1> + +<h3>Held with the</h3> + +<h2><i>INDIANS</i></h2> + +<h3>OF THE</h3> + +<h2>SIX NATIONS</h2> + +<h3>AT</h3> + +<h3><i>Philadelphia</i>, in <i>July 1742</i>.</h3> + +<h3>To which is Prefix'd</h3> + +<h3>An Account of the <i>first Confederacy</i> of the <i>SIX NATIONS</i>, their +present <span class="smcap">Tributaries</span>, <span class="smcap">Dependents</span>, and <span class="smcap">Allies</span>.</h3> + +<hr style="width: 25%;" /> + +<p style="text-align: center"><i>LONDON:</i></p> + +<p style="text-align: center">Re-printed and Sold by <span class="smcap">T. Sowle Raylton</span> and <span class="smcap">Luke Hinde</span>, at the <i>Bible</i> +in <i>George-Yard, Lombard-Street</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-align: center">[Price Six-Pence.]</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h3>CONTENTS</h3> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b><a href="#PREFACE">THE PREFACE.</a></b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b><a href="#TREATY">THE TREATY.</a></b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b><a href="#Advertisement">ADVERTISEMENT.</a></b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b><a href="#FOOTNOTES">FOOTNOTES.</a></b></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[Pg iii]</a></span></p> +<h3>THE</h3> + +<h2><a name="PREFACE" id="PREFACE"></a>PREFACE.</h2> + + +<p><i><span class="dropcap">A</span> Copy of the following</i> Treaty, <i>printed at</i> Philadelphia <i>in 1743, +having fallen into my Hands, upon perusal, I judg'd its Contents +deserved to be more generally known, than probably would have been from +the few Copies which might be sent over.</i></p> + +<p><i>To make it more instructive and entertaining, I had once Thoughts of +prefixing an Account of the</i> Customs <i>and</i> Manners <i>of these</i> People, +<i>such an one as I could collect either from the</i> Printed Relations +<i>concerning them, or from such</i> Materials <i>as my</i> Correspondence <i>or</i> +Acquaintance <i>would have afforded: But, the</i> accurate Description <i>drawn +up and published by the memorable</i> <span class="smcap">William Penn</span>, <i>deterr'd me from +attempting a short One; and an ingenious Gentleman of</i> New-York <i>will +probably soon oblige the World with a large and curious History of the</i> +Five Nations,<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> <i>exceeding any thing in my Power to perform.</i></p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[Pg iv]</a></span></p> +<p><i>But, that the</i> Reader <i>might have some Idea of these</i> People, <i>I +thought it necessary to subjoin the following succinct</i> Account <i>of the</i> +Principles <i>in this</i> Confederacy, <i>their</i> Tributaries, Dependents <i>and</i> +Allies: <i>And the more so, as it is neither extant in</i> Print, <i>nor is +this Part taken Notice of so fully in the</i> Manuscript History +<i>above-mentioned. It was communicated by a Gentleman of good +Understanding and Probity; one who is very well skill'd in the</i> Indian +<i>Affairs,<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> adopted into one of their</i> Tribes, <i>is of their</i> Council, +<i>and their constant</i> Interpreter <i>at the</i> Philadelphia Treaties, <i>to a +Friend of his, who sent it to his</i> Correspondent <i>here.</i></p> + +<p><i>They have generally been stiled the</i> Five Nations <i>of</i> Indians, +<i>bordering upon</i> Pensilvania <i>and</i> New-York; <i>but, since the Arrival of +the</i> Tuscarora's <i>from</i> Carolina, <i>they are called the</i> Six Nations. <i>An +Account of whom is as follows,</i></p> + +<p>1. <i>The</i> Conymkos <i>or</i> Mohawks; <i>the first Promoter of the</i> +Confederacy.<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> <i>He is stiled in the Council of all the Nations,</i> +Dicarihoagan, <i>i.e.</i> President <i>or</i> Eldest.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[Pg v]</a></span></p> +<p>2. <i>The</i> Onayiuts <i>or</i> Onoyders, <i>were the first that join'd in the</i> +Confederacy <i>with the</i> Mohawks, <i>by putting themselves under their</i> +Protection. <i>He calls the</i> Mohawk <i>his</i> Father, <i>and in <span lang="el" title="Transcriber's Note: original has "Retnrn"">Return</span> +he is called a</i> Son: <i>The</i> +Mohawk <i>used him for his</i> Ambassador <i>to the</i> other <i>Nations: In Council +he is stiled</i> Niharontaquoa, <i>or the</i> great Tree.<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a></p> + +<p>3. <i>The</i> Onontago's <i>were the next that joined, and of their own Accord +became</i> Confederates; <i>they are therefore called by the</i> Mohawks, +Brothers; <i>and by the</i> Onoyders, Fathers, <i>because they had not been +forced into the Alliance as the</i> Onoyders <i>were: He is called in +Council</i> Sagochsaanagechteront, <i>i.e. the</i> Arms, <i>or</i> Names-bearer.</p> + +<p>4. <i>The</i> Jenontowano's <i>or</i> Sinikers <i>next joined in the</i> Alliance <i>of +their own Consent; they are stiled by the</i> Mohawks <i>and</i> Onontago's, +Brothers, <i>and by the</i> Onoyders, Fathers: <i>His Title in Council is</i> +Onughkaarydaawy, <i>whose Signification is not known, and</i> +Dyionenhookaraw, <i>i.e.</i> Open Doors for Friends and Enemies.</p> + +<p>5. <i>The</i> Caiukquo's, <i>the last of the</i> Five-Nation <i>Alliance, being +compelled thereto by the Rest, is</i> Brother <i>to the</i> Onoyders, <i>and</i> Son +<i>to the</i> others; <i>is stiled in Council</i> Ganunawantoowano, <i>or the</i> great +Pipe.<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a></p> + +<p>6. Tuscarora's <i>joined in the</i> Alliance <i>about thirty Years ago, being +compelled thereto by the</i> English <i>of</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[Pg vi]</a></span> Carolina: <i>He is</i> Brother <i>to +the</i> Onoyders <i>and</i> Cayukquo's, <i>and</i> Son <i>to the</i> others; <i>has no Title +in Council, but is frequently called a</i> Fool.</p> + + +<h3><i>The</i> Dependents <i>and</i> Tributaries <i>of these Nations.</i></h3> + +<p>Mohickons, <i>who formerly lived on</i> Hudson's <i>River, and in</i> New-England; +<i>they have been conquer'd by the</i> Five Nations, <i>their</i> Breech-Cloth +<i>taken from them, and a</i> Petticoat <i>put upon them. When they apply to +their Conquerors, they humbly call themselves</i> Women: <i>The</i> Five Nations +<i>call them by the same Name when <span lang="el" title="Transcriber's Note: original has "thy"">they</span> +speak severely to 'em: At other times they call them</i> Cousins, +<i>and are in Return called</i> Uncles.</p> + +<p>Delawares <i>are in the same Condition as the</i> Mohickons, <i>were dealt with +in like manner; and are Tributary in an</i> Indian <i>Sense.</i><a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a></p> + +<p>Shawanese <i>are</i> Brethren <i>to the</i> Six Nations, <i>but are not in the</i> +Confederacy: <i>Their Coming from the</i> Spanish <i>Dominions is remember'd by +many now living.</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[Pg vii]</a></span> <i>The</i> Five Nations <i>gave them Lands on the West Branch +of</i> Susquehanna, <i>and therefore claim a Superiority over them, for which +the</i> Shawanese <i>mortally hate them. The greatest Part of 'em, a few +Years ago, went to settle on the River</i> Ohio, <i>which is a Branch of the</i> +Missisippi, <i>and heads with the West Branch of</i> Susquehanna. <i>One Tribe +of them is quite gone down to</i> New Spain; <i>there are a few left still +at</i> Wyomink <i>on the North Branch of</i> Susquehanna, <i>and others have a +large Town on an Island in the West Branch, about 50 Miles above the</i> +Forks. <i>They are the most restless and mischievous of all the</i> Indians.</p> + +<p>Conestogo Indians <i>have been all destroyed by the</i> Five Nations, <i>except +a few whom the</i> Onoyders <i>adopted: When these had forgot their Language, +they were sent back to</i> Conestogo, <i>where a few are now left, and speak +the</i> Onoyder's <i>Language.</i></p> + +<p>Nantikooks <i>are in</i> Alliance <i>with the</i> Six Nations, <i>and not</i> +Tributary; <i>acknowledging themselves to be shelter'd by their Wings: +They live within the Borders of</i> Maryland, <i>a Few about</i> Conestogo, <i>and +some have settled this</i> Spring <i>at the Mouth of the River</i> Skohooniaty +<i>or</i> Jeniaty, <i>which is a Creek that falls into the</i> Susquehanna <i>from +the West beyond the Mountains.</i></p> + +<p>Tutolo's <i>originally lived in</i> Virginia, <i>there are but Few of them; +they settled this</i> Spring <i>at</i> Shamokin, (<i>on the East Side of</i> +Susquehanna, <i>just below the</i> Forks) <i>and are intirely devoted to the</i> +Six Nations.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[Pg viii]</a></span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><b>The several Nations of <i>Indians</i> with whom the <i>Six Nations</i> +or <i>Iroquois</i> are in Alliance; according to the Information +given <span class="smcap">Conrad Weiser</span>, Esq; in open Council at <i>Turpehawkin</i>, at +their Return from the Treaty at <i>Philadelphia</i> in <i>July</i> 1742.</b></p></div> + +<p>1. <i>A Nation of</i> Indians <i>living on the West Side of the Lake</i> Erie, +<i>and along the Streights of</i> Huron's <i>Lake. They are called by the</i> +Iroquois, Unighkellyiakon; <i>consisting of about</i> Thirty Towns, <i>each of +about 200 Fighting Men.</i></p> + +<p>2. <i>The second Nation lives among the preceeding, called —— consisting +of</i> Four Towns <i>of their own People, and 400 able Men in all.</i></p> + +<p>3. <i>The third Nation called by the</i> Iroquois, Tshisagech Roanu,<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> +<i>lives on the East Side of the</i> Huron's <i>Lake; several of the Council +have been there, and all agree they have</i> Three large Towns <i>of 600, +800, and 1000 able Men.</i></p> + +<p>4. <i>The fourth, called</i> Twightwis Roanu, Two large Towns, <i>and about 200 +Men in all, live at the Heads of</i> Huakiky <i>River, near the little +Lakes.</i></p> + +<p>5. Oskiakikas, <i>living on a Branch of</i> Ohio, <i>that heads near the Lake</i> +Erie, Four large Towns, <i>of about 1000 Warriours.</i></p> + +<p>6. Oyachtawnuh Roanu, <i>near</i> Black-River, <i>consisting of</i> Four Towns, +<i>and 1000 Warriours.</i></p> + +<p>7. Keghetawkegh Roanu, <i>upon the great River</i> Missisippi, <i>above the +Mouth of</i> Ohio: Three Towns; <i>the Number of People uncertain.</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[Pg ix]</a></span></p> + +<p>8. Kerhawguegh Roanu, <i>several Savage Nations, as their Names signify</i>, +(the People of the Wilderness) <i>live on the North Side of</i> Huron's +<i>Lake; they neither plant Corn, nor any thing else, but live altogether +upon Flesh, Fish, Roots and Herbs; an infinite Number of People, of late +become Allies to the</i> Iroquois.</p> + +<p style="text-align: center">Thus far proceeds <span class="smcap">Conrad Weiser's</span> Account.</p> + +<p><i>The</i> Six Nations, <i>as was observed above, border upon the Provinces of</i> +Pensilvania <i>and</i> New-York: <i>The Rest, which are mentioned as their</i> +Dependents <i>and</i> Allies, <i>lie near the</i> French <i>Settlements, some +amidst, and some beyond them. The</i> Wisdom <i>of the</i> Chiefs <i>in this</i> +Confederacy <i>hath gained them no less</i> Reputation <i>than their</i> Courage; +<i>which indeed has struck</i> Terror <i>into the remotest</i> Indian <i>Nations of +North</i> America, <i>and forc'd them to court the Friendship and Protection +of such a formidable Power.</i></p> + +<p><i>The</i> Moderation <i>and</i> Equity <i>of the</i> first <i>Proprietor of</i> +Pensilvania, <i>gained the absolute Confidence and Affection of this</i> +brave People: <i>They were convinced of his</i> Tenderness <i>for them, and in +Return they have erected him lasting Monuments in their grateful Hearts: +They</i> revere <i>this good Man's</i> Memory, <i>and his Praises will only cease +with the Nations themselves.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>The following Clauses from a Collection of</i> Charters, &c. +<i>printed at</i> Philadelphia 1740, <i>are, amongst many others, +strong Proofs of the</i> Proprietor's <i>equitable Regard to these +People.</i></p></div> + +<p>"That no Man, <i>says he</i>, shall by any ways or means, in Word or Deed, +affront or wrong any <i>Indian</i>, but he shall incur the same Penalty of +the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[Pg x]</a></span> Law, as if he had committed it against his <i>fellow Planter</i>: And if +any <i>Indian</i> shall abuse, in Word or Deed, any <i>Planter</i> of this +<i>Province</i>, that he shall not be his own Judge upon the <i>Indian</i>, but he +shall make his Complaint to the <i>Governor</i> of the <i>Province</i>, or his +<i>Lieutenant</i> or <i>Deputy</i>, or some inferior <i>Magistrate</i> near him, who +shall to the utmost of his Power, take Care with the <span class="smcap">King</span> of the said +<i>Indian</i>, that all reasonable Satisfaction be made to the said injured +<i>Planter</i>.</p> + +<p>"That all Differences between the <i>Planters</i> and the <i>Natives</i>, shall +also be ended by <i>Twelve Men</i>, that is, by <i>Six Planters</i> and <i>Six +Natives</i>, that so we may live friendly together, as much as in us lieth, +preventing all Occasions of Heart-burnings and Mischief."</p> + +<p><i>A Conduct regulated by such Principles of</i> Love <i>and</i> Justice, <i>could +not fail to influence this discerning People, and biass them in Favour +of the</i> <span class="smcap">English</span>; <i>a Continuance of the like Conduct must attach them +inviolably: And the present worthy</i> Governor <i>and</i> Council <i>seem so +sensible of the Necessity of cultivating a good Understanding with the</i> +Six Nations, <i>as to be likely to omit no Opportunity of</i> brightening the +Chain, <i>or</i> increasing the Fire of Friendship <i>with them.</i></p> + +<p><i>The Confidence which these Nations repose in their</i> Interpreter, <i>is a +Proof of his</i> Industry, good Sense, <i>and</i> Address: <i>Nothing could have +happened more favourably to the</i> English <i>Settlements, than that those +delicate Affairs should be in the Hands of a Person equally just and a +Friend to both.</i></p> + +<p><i>The</i> <span class="smcap">French</span> <i>are perpetually labouring to</i> debauch <i>their Faith to the</i> +<span class="smcap">English</span>: <i>Their Emissaries, the Priests, an indefatigable, artful, +insinuating Race,</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">[Pg xi]</a></span> <i>are constantly labouring to gain Admittance amongst +them. They assume all Shapes, try every Spring; they magnify the Power +and Grandeur of</i> <span class="smcap">France</span>; <i>they study to render the</i> <span class="smcap">English</span> <i>diminutive +and contemptible; they foment every little Occasion of Disgust, and +leave no Stone unturned to prejudice us in their Esteem.</i></p> + +<p><i>Hitherto the Honour of the</i> Six Nations, <i>and the experienced good +Intentions and Probity of the</i> <span class="smcap">English</span>, <i>have been a sufficient Barrier +against all their Intrigues: But it cannot be imprudent to countermine +the intended Mischief, by giving suitable Encouragement to proper +Persons, to converse with the</i> Indians, <i>and study their Genius. An +open-hearted Generosity wins them effectually: The Temper of the</i> +<span class="smcap">English</span> <i>is happily suited to this; and the additional Qualifications +of</i> Integrity <i>and</i> Prudence <i>must in Time pave the Way to an Ascendency +in their Councils, and by this Means the Subtilty of the</i> <span class="smcap">French</span> <i>would +be utterly defeated.</i></p> + +<p><i>One sees, in the following short Sketch of the Behaviour of the</i> +Indians, <i>strong Traces of</i> good Sense, <i>a</i> nice Address <i>in the Conduct +of their Affairs, a</i> noble Simplicity, <i>and that</i> manly Fortitude <i>which +is the constant Companion of</i> Integrity. <i>The Friendship of a Nation +like this, tho' under the Appellation of</i> Savages <i>or</i> Barbarians, <i>is +an Honour to the most civiliz'd People: I say nothing of the Advantage +which is derived from them by Commerce: And the</i> <span class="smcap">French</span> <i>well know, by +dear Experience, how terrible they are to their Enemies in War.</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xii" id="Page_xii">[Pg xii]</a></span></p> + +<p>"When we speak of the <i>Five Nations</i> in <span class="smcap">France</span>, (<i>says an</i> Author<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> <i>of +that Country</i>) they are thought, by common Mistake, to be meer +<i>Barbarians</i>, always thirsting after human Blood: But their true +Character is very different. They are the fiercest and most formidable +People in <i>North America</i>; at the same Time as <i>politick</i> and +<i>judicious</i>, as well can be imagined: This appears from the Management +of the Affairs which they transact, not only with the <span class="smcap">French</span> and +<span class="smcap">English</span>, but likewise with almost all the <i>Indians</i> of this vast +Continent."</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p> +<h3>THE</h3> + +<h2><a name="TREATY" id="TREATY"></a>TREATY, <i>&c.</i></h2> + + +<p><span class="dropcap">T</span><b>HE</b> Deputies of the Six Nations having, at their last Visit, agreed to +release their Claim to all the Land on both Sides of the River +<i>Susquehanna</i>, as far South as this Province extends, and to the +Northward to those called the <i>Endless Mountains</i> or <i>Kittochtinny +Hills</i>; in Consideration whereof, they then received a large Quantity of +valuable <i>Indian</i> Goods for the Lands situate on the Eastern Side of the +said River, but declined at that Time to receive any for those on the +Western Side of the said River, chusing to defer the same till another +Visit: A large Number arrived from these Nations at <i>Philadelphia</i>, on +<i>Wednesday</i> the 30th of <i>June</i>, with Deputies duly impowered to receive +the said Goods; and acquainted the Governor, that being weary, from the +Fatigue of their long Journey, they should crave three or four Days to +rest themselves before they proceeded to their Business: In the mean +Time they would wait on the Governor to discourse, according to their +usual Method, about News and other Occurrences; which the Governor +readily agreed to, and ask'd them when they would chuse to pay their +first Visit; which they desiring might be on <i>Friday</i> the 2d of <i>July</i> +in the Afternoon; the Council was accordingly summon'd, and met at Mr. +<i>Logan's</i> House, where were</p> + +<h3>P R E S E N T,</h3> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>The Hon<sup>ble</sup> <span class="smcap">George Thomas</span>, Esq; Lieut. Governor.</b></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="present"> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td><b><i>James Logan</i>,</b></td> +<td><b><i>Samuel Preston</i>,</b></td> +<td><b>}</b></td> +<td><b> </b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><b><i>Clement Plumsted</i>,</b></td> +<td><b><i>Thomas Lawrence</i>,</b></td> +<td><b>}</b></td> +<td><b>Esqrs;</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><b><i>Samuel Hasell</i>,</b></td> +<td><b><i>Ralph Asheton</i>,</b></td> +<td><b>}</b></td> +<td><b> </b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><b><i>Abraham Taylor</i>,</b></td> +<td><b><i>Robert Strettell</i>,</b></td> +<td><b>}</b></td> +<td><b> </b></td></tr> +</tbody> +</table> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>The Chiefs of the <span class="smcap">Six Nations</span>, with the Chiefs of the <span class="smcap">Shawanese</span>.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b><span class="smcap">Canassateego</span>, the <i>Onondago</i> Chief, Speaker.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b><span class="smcap">Conrad Weiser</span>, Interpreter.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"> </p> + +<p style="text-align: center">The Governor opened the Conference as follows.</p> + +<p>'<i>BRETHREN</i>,</p> + +<p>'The Proprietor having purchased certain Lands from your Nations about +Six Years ago, a Moiety of what was agreed to be given in Consideration +of that Purchase was at that Time delivered to them, and the other being +at their own Desire left in the Proprietor's Hands, He pressed you by +<i>Shikalamy</i>, to send last Year for it, and would have been glad to have +seen you and taken you by the Hand before his Departure. But as the +Design of this Meeting is to hear your News, and converse together in a +free and friendly Manner, I shall say no more about the Goods than that +they lye ready at the Proprietor's House, and will be delivered when you +shall have sufficiently rested from the Fatigue of your Journey.'</p> + +<p style="text-align: center">The Chief of the <i>Onondagoes</i> spoke,</p> + +<p>'<i>BRETHREN</i>,</p> + +<p>'We propose to rest four Days, and then come to the main Business. At +present we are at a private Conference about News, and have something of +this Sort to mention to our Brother <span class="smcap">Onas</span>.' And on the Governor's +signifying they would be glad to know what it was, the Chief proceeded.</p> + +<p>'<i>BRETHREN</i>,</p> + +<p>'It is our Way when we come to our Brethren, or any other Persons, whom +we live in strict Friendship with, to remove all Obstructions to a good +Understand<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span>ing; with this View we are to inform you of a Piece of +disagreeable News that happen'd in our Journey.—Some White People +living at a Place called <i>Conegocheegoe</i>, whose Names we cannot tell, +nor whether they belong to this or the neighbouring Government, but one +of them, as we heard, had his House burnt over his Head some Years ago, +and he was brought down a Prisoner and committed to the Goal of this +City: These People lighting of our young Warriours, as they were +hunting, made some Proposals about the purchasing of Land from them, and +our young Men being indiscreet, and unacquainted with publick Business, +were foolish enough to hearken to them, and to receive five Duffil +Strowds for two Plantations on the River <i>Cohongoronto</i>. A <i>Conestogoe</i> +Indian, and a <i>French</i> Indian, and some others that were in Company had +three Duffil Strowds, and went away with them; and our young Men carried +off the other two. As soon as this came to our Knowledge, we sent for +our Warriours, and after examining and rebuking them severely, we took +away their two Strowds, and publickly censured them for exposing us to +our Brethren of <i>Pensilvania</i>, in doing a Thing so inconsistent with our +Engagements to them; <i>You are</i>, said we aloud, that all our People might +hear and take Notice, <i>to know and remember, that the Six Nations have +obliged themselves to sell none of the Land that falls within the +Province of</i> Pensilvania <i>to any other but our Brother</i> <span class="smcap">Onas</span>, <i>and that +to sell Lands to any other is an high Breach of the League of +Friendship</i>. Brethren, this rash Proceeding of our young Men makes us +ashamed. We always mean well, and shall perform faithfully what we have +promised: And we assure you, this Affair was transacted in the Manner we +have related, without our Privity or Consent. And that you may be fully +convinced of this, and of the Sincerity of our Intentions, we have +brought you these Two Strowds [<i>here he presented two Red Strowds to the +Governor</i>] they are the very Strowds our foolish young Men received; we +took them from them, and we give them to you to return to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span> those white +People who made the Bargain, and desire when the Strowds are returned to +them, they may be told what we now say, and that we shall not confirm +such Bargains nor any other that may interfere with our Engagements to +our Brother <span class="smcap">Onas</span>.'</p> + +<p style="text-align: center">The Governor then spoke:</p> + +<p>'<i>BRETHREN</i>,</p> + +<p>'I thank you for this Piece of News; you have taken this Matter +perfectly right. All Bargaining for Land within this Province, is, to be +sure, a manifest Breach of your Contract with the Proprietors, and what +we know you will not countenance. We have hitherto found the <i>Six +Nations</i> faithful to their Engagements, and this is a fresh Instance of +their Punctuality. You could not help these Mistakes of your young Men; +they were not done in your Presence: But as several Inconveniencies may +arise from these kind of clandestine Sales, or from any such loose Sales +of Land by your People, we desire you will, on your Return home, give +publick Notice to all your Warriours not to bargain for any Land; or if +they do, that you will not confirm such Bargains; and that this very +Affair, together with what you have done therein, may be particularly +reported to all your Nation assembled in Council.'</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p>The <i>Onondago</i> Chief promised to give such publick Notice; and desiring +Liberty to mend his former Speech, he proceeded:</p> +</div> + +<p>'<i>BRETHREN</i>,</p> + +<p>'I forgot one Circumstance: Our People who pretended to sell the Land, +demanded a Belt of <i>Wampum</i> of the Buyers to carry to their Chiefs; and +on their declaring they had no <i>Wampum</i>, our Warriours said, they would +not answer that their Chiefs would confirm this Bargain, since they +never did any thing of this Nature without <i>Wampum</i>.'<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p> + +<p style="text-align: center">The Governor, after a short Pause, spoke:</p> + +<p>'<i>BRETHREN of the Six Nations</i>,</p> + +<p>'I shall take this Opportunity to relate to you a Piece of disagreeable +News I received some Days ago in a Letter from <i>Le Tort</i> the Indian +Trader, at <i>Allegheny</i>, who says, <i>That in</i> May <i>last some</i> Indians <i>of +the</i> Taway <i>Nation, supposed by us to be</i> Twightwees, <i>in their Return +from War, called and stayed sometime with the</i> Shawanese; <i>who being +asked, and denying they had brought either Scalps or Prisoners, the</i> +Shawanese <i>suspecting them, had the Curiosity to search their Bags, and +finding two Scalps in them, that by the Softness of the Hair did not +feel like</i> Indian <i>Scalps, they wash'd them clean, and found them to be +the Scalps of some</i> Christians. <i>On this Discovery, the</i> Twightwees <i>were +so much ashamed, that they stole away from their Town in the Night-time; +and coming, as they afterwards understood, to a little Village belonging +to the</i> Shawanese, <i>they told our People that their Hearts were full of +Grief; for, as they came along the Road, they found it all bloody; and +having good Cause to believe it was made bloody with the Blood of some +of the White Brethren, they had very sorrowfully swept the Road; and +desired them to inform the Governor of</i> Pensilvania <i>of their (the</i> +Twightwees<i>) Grief; and how they had swept the Road clean.' Le Tort</i> +adds, on Behalf of the <i>Shawanese, 'That they were much troubled and +grieved at this unfortunate Accident; and prayed as they had no Concern +in it, more than by being Instruments to discover it, their Brethren +would not blame them, nor suffer a Misunderstanding to arise between +them on this Account: They would sweep the Road clean, and wipe all the +Blood away; and desired their Brethren would be satisfied with this, and +not weep too much for a Misfortune that might not happen again as long +as the Sun and Moon shone.'</i></p> + +<p>'The Person who delivered me <i>Le Tort's</i> Letter, brought this Bundle of +Skins as a Present to me; but I told the Messenger, I would not meddle +with it; he<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> might leave it if he pleased: The Affair appear'd to me in +a bad Light, and I would represent it to the <i>Six Nations</i>, who were +expected in Town every Day. This is the Fact as I have it from <i>Le +Tort</i>: I desire to be inform'd if you know any thing of this Matter; and +if you do not, that you will make diligent Enquiry who committed the +Murder, and who are the unhappy Sufferers, and assist us to obtain +Satisfaction, if it shall appear to be any of our Fellow-Subjects that +have been treated in this Manner.'</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>To inforce this Request, I present you with this String of</i> +Wampum.</p></div> + +<p style="text-align: center">The <i>Onondago</i> Chief, in Reply, said:</p> + +<p>'<i>BRETHREN</i>,</p> + +<p>'We take this Information kind at your Hands; we will take this String +of <i>Wampum</i> home with us to our Lodgings, and there consult about the +most regular and proper Steps to be taken by us to answer your +Expectations; and when we have duly considered the Matter, we will +return you an Answer.'</p> + +<p>Upon this the Governor put an End to the Conference; and calling for +Wine and other Liquors, according to the <i>Indian</i> Custom, after a decent +and chearful Entertainment, the <i>Indians</i> withdrew.</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<h3>At a COUNCIL held at the <span class="smcap">Proprietor's House</span>, <i>July</i> 5. 1742.</h3> + +<h3>P R E S E N T</h3> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>The Hon<sup>ble</sup> <span class="smcap">George Thomas</span> Esq; Lieut. Governor.</b></p> + + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="present"> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td><b><i>James Logan</i>,</b></td> +<td><b>}</b></td> +<td><b> </b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><b><i>Clement Plumsted</i>,</b></td> +<td><b>}</b></td> +<td><b>Esqrs.</b></td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>With several Gentlemen of the Town,</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>The Chiefs of the Six Nations</i></b><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p> + +<p> </p> + +<p>It being judg'd proper, at this critical Time, when we are in daily +Expectation of a <i>French</i> War, to sound the <i>Indians</i>, and discover what +Dependence we might have on them, in case their Aid should be wanted; an +handsome Dinner was provided for their Chiefs; and after they had made +an hearty Meal, and drank his Majesty's Health, the Proprietor's, and +the Health of the <i>Six Nations</i>, the Chiefs gave the solemn Cry, in +Testimony of their Thanks, for the Honour done them. And soon after, the +Governor began, in a free Way, to enquire for what Reason the <i>Senecas</i> +were not come down, since they had an equal Right to a Share of the +Goods with the other Nations.—<i>Canassateego</i>, their Speaker, said, 'The +<i>Senecas</i> were in great Distress, on Account of a Famine that raged in +their Country, which had reduced them to such Want, that a Father had +been obliged to kill two of his Children to preserve his own and the +rest of his Family's Lives; and they could not now come down, but had +given Directions about their Share of the Goods.'—The Governor +express'd his Concern for the unhappy Circumstances of their Brethren of +the <i>Seneca</i> Nation; and, after a short Respite, enquired if any of +their Deputies were then at <i>Canada</i>, and whether the <i>French</i> Governor +was making any warlike Preparations? And on their answering, <i>Yes</i>; the +Governor said, with a smiling, pleasant Countenance, 'I suppose if the +<i>French</i> should go to War with us, you will join them.' The <i>Indians</i> +conferr'd together for some Time, and then <i>Canassateego</i>, in a chearful +lively Manner, made Answer.—'We assure you, the Governor of <i>Canada</i> +pays our Nations great Court at this Time, well knowing of what +Consequence we are to the <i>French</i> Interest: He has already told us, he +was uncovering the Hatchet and sharpening it, and hoped, if he should be +obliged to lift it up against the <i>English</i>, their Nations would remain +neuter and assist neither Side.—But we will now speak plainly to our +Brethren: Why should we, who are one Flesh with you, refuse to help you, +whenever you want our Assistance?—We have continued a long Time in the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span> +strictest League of Amity and Friendship with you, and we shall always +be faithful and true to you our old and good Allies.—The Governor of +<i>Canada</i> talks a great deal, but ten of his Words do not go so far as +one of yours.—We do not look towards them; We look towards you; and you +may depend on our Assistance.' Whilst the <i>Onondago</i> Chief made this +open and hearty Declaration, all the other <i>Indians</i> made frequently +that particular Kind of Noise which is known to be a Mark of +Approbation.—The Governor bid the Interpreter tell <i>Canassateego</i>, 'He +did not set on foot this Inquiry from any Suspicion he had of the <i>Six +Nations</i> wanting a due Regard for the <i>English</i>.—Our Experience of +their Honour and Faith would not permit us to think any other of them +than that they would esteem our Friends their Friends, and our Enemies +their Enemies, agreeable to the strict Union which had ever subsisted +between us.—As to the Governor of <i>Canada</i>, they need not mind what he +said.—The <i>English</i>, on equal Terms, had beat the <i>French</i>, and could +beat them again: And were they but to consider the Advantages which the +<i>English</i> have, by possessing so many large and populous Countries, and +so many good Ports on the Continent of <i>America</i>, they would soon see +who had most Reason to fear a War, the <i>French</i> or the <i>English</i>.'</p> + +<p>Here the Conversation drop'd; and, after another Glass of Wine, the +<i>Indians</i> resumed the Discourse, by asking, whether their Brethren had +not been for some Time engaged in a War with the King of <i>Spain</i>, and +what Successes they had met with?</p> + +<p>The Governor told them, the King of <i>Great Britain</i> lived in an Island, +and being surrounded with the Sea, his chief Strength lay in his Ships; +in which he was so much superior to his Enemies, that they were seldom +to be met with on the broad Ocean, but sculk'd and hid themselves, only +venturing out now and then; and whenever they did, they were almost sure +to be taken; and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> that the King of <i>Great Britain</i> had, with his Ships, +beat down or taken several of the <i>Spaniards</i> Great Forts in +<i>America</i>.—The <i>Indians</i> said, they were pleased to hear their Brethren +were an Over-match for their Enemies, and wish'd them good Success.</p> + +<p>The Governor then enquired into the State and Condition of the Nations +to the Westward of the Great Lakes, and whether they had any Warriours +then in those Countries? Whether they had concluded Peace with the +Southern <i>Indians</i>? And whether they had heard what their Deputies had +done at <i>Albany</i>?</p> + +<p>They made Answer: That they had always Abundance of their Men out +amongst the Nations situate to the West of their Lakes.—That they had +kindled a Fire with a vast many Nations, some whereof where Tributaries, +and they had a good Understanding with all.—They set out from their own +Country in Company with two Sets of Deputies, one going to hold a Treaty +with the Southern <i>Indians</i>, and they believed a Peace would be +concluded: The other going to meet the Governor of <i>New-York</i>, at +<i>Albany</i>; but they could not tell what had been done at either +Place.—On their Return, they were to hold a General Council, and would +inform their Brethren of these Particulars.</p> + +<p>Then the Governor put an End to the Conference, by telling the <i>Indians</i> +the Goods would be delivered to them at a Council to be held to morrow +Afternoon at the Meeting-House.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span></p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<h3>At a <span class="smcap">Council</span> held in the Meeting-House, <i>Philadelphia</i>, <i>July</i> 6. 1742.</h3> + +<h3>P R E S E N T,</h3> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>The Hon<sup>ble</sup> <span class="smcap">George Thomas</span>, Esq; Lieut. Governor.</b></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="present"> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td><b><i>James Logan</i>,</b></td> +<td><b><i>Samuel Preston</i>,</b></td> +<td><b>}</b></td> +<td><b> </b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><b><i>Clement Plumsted</i>,</b></td> +<td><b><i>Ralph Asheton</i>,</b></td> +<td><b>}</b></td> +<td><b>Esqrs;</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><b><i>Abraham Taylor</i>,</b></td> +<td><b><i>Robert Strettell</i>,</b></td> +<td><b>}</b></td><td><b> </b></td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b><span class="smcap">Canassateego</span>, Chief of the <i>Onondagoes</i>, Speaker,</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b><span class="smcap">Shicalamy</span>; and a great Number of <i>Indians</i>,</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>whose Names are as follow, <i>viz.</i></b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"> +<b> +<span class="smcap">Onontagoes</span>.<br /> +</b> +<br /> +<i>Sawegaty</i>, }<br /> +<i>Caxhayion</i>, } Counsellors.<br /> +<i>Saguyassatha</i>,<br /> +<i>Kayadoghratie</i>, alias <i>Slanaghquasy</i>.<br /> +<i>Rotier-uwughton</i>,<br /> +<i>Tokaughaah</i>,<br /> +<i>Tiorughwaghthe</i>,<br /> +<i>Tokano-ungoh</i>,<br /> +<i>Aronty-oony</i>,<br /> +<i>Tohanohawighton</i>,<br /> +<i>Tioghwatoony</i>,<br /> +<i>Auughrahysey</i>.<br /> +<br /> +<b> +<span class="smcap">Caiyouquos</span>.<br /> +</b> +<br /> +<i>Sahugh-sowa</i>, }<br /> +<i>Tohatgaghthus</i>, } Chiefs.<br /> +<i>Tokany-esus</i>,<br /> +<i>Runho-hihio</i>,<br /> +<i>Kanadoghary</i>,<br /> +<i>Zior-aghquaty</i>,<br /> +<i>Sagu-iughwatha</i>, alias <i>Cadcaradasey</i>.<br /> +<i>Sca-yenties</i>,<br /> +<i>Tats-heghteh</i>,<br /> +<i>Alligh-waheis</i>,<br /> +<i>Tayo-quario</i>,<br /> +<i>Hogh degh runtu</i>,<br /> +<i>Rotehn Haghtyackon</i>, Captain,<br /> +<i>Sawoalieselhohaa</i>,<br /> +<i>Sagughsa-eck</i>,<br /> +<i>Uwantakeraa</i>,<br /> +<i>Horuhot</i>,<br /> +<i>Osoghquaa</i>,<br /> +<i>Tuyanoegon</i>.<br /> +<br /> +<b> +<span class="smcap">Anoyiuts</span> <i>or</i> <span class="smcap">Oneidas</span>.<br /> +</b> +<br /> +<i>Saristaquoh</i>, }<br /> +<i>Ungquaterughiathe</i>, alias <i>Shikelimo</i>, } Chiefs.<br /> +<i>Tottowakerha</i>,<br /> +<i>Taraghkoerus</i>,<br /> +<i>Onughkallydawwy</i>, a noted young Chief.<br /> +<i>Onughnaxqua</i>, Chief.<br /> +<i>Tawyiakaarat</i>,<br /> +<i>Tohathuyongochtha</i>,<br /> +<i>Sughnakaarat</i>,<br /> +<i>Taghneghdoerus</i>,<br /> +<i>Tokanyiadaroeyon</i>,<br /> +<i>Sagogughyatha</i>,<br /> +<i>Rahehius</i>,<br /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span><i>Tokanusoegon</i>.<br /> +<br /> +<b> +<span class="smcap">Jenontowanos</span> <i>or</i> <span class="smcap">Senacas</span>.<br /> +</b> +<br /> +<i>Karugh-iagh Raghquy</i>, Capt.<br /> +<i>Tahn heentus</i>,<br /> +<i>Onontyiack</i>.<br /> +<br /> +<b> +<span class="smcap">Tuscarroros</span>.<br /> +</b> +<br /> +<i>Sawontka</i>, }<br /> +<i>Ti-ieroes</i>, } Chiefs.<br /> +<i>Cloghsytowax</i> }<br /> +<i>Tokaryhoegon</i>, Captain.<br /> +<i>Oghioghseh</i>,<br /> +<i>Tieleghweghson</i>,<br /> +<i>Tougrotha</i>,<br /> +<i>Yorughianego</i>,<br /> +<i>Ot-quehig</i>,<br /> +<i>Squaghky</i>,<br /> +<i>Sayadyio</i>,<br /> +<i>Onughsowûghton</i>,<br /> +<i>Cherigh wâstho</i>,<br /> +<i>Aghsûnteries</i>,<br /> +<i>Tion ogh scôghtha</i>,<br /> +<i>Saligh wanaghson</i>,<br /> +<i>Ohn-wâasey</i>,<br /> +<i>Tocar-eber</i>, [died since at <i>Tulpehokin</i>.]<br /> +<i>Tahanatâkqua</i>,<br /> +<i>Kanyhâag</i>.<br /> +<br /> +<b> +<span class="smcap">Shawanoes</span>.<br /> +</b> +<br /> +<i>Wehwehlaky</i>, Chief.<br /> +<i>Aset teywa</i>,<br /> +<i>Asoghqua</i>,<br /> +<i>Maya minickysy</i>,<br /> +<i>Wawyia Beeseny</i>.<br /> +<br /> +<b>Canestogo <i>Indians that speak the</i> Onayiut's <i>Language</i>.<br /> +</b> +<br /> +<i>Tior Haasery</i>, Chief.<br /> +<i>Tanigh wackerau</i>,<br /> +<i>Karha Cawyiat</i>,<br /> +<i>Kayen quily quo</i>.<br /> +<br /> +<b> +<span class="smcap">Canoyias</span> <i>or</i> <span class="smcap">Nantikokes</span> <i>of</i> Canestogo.<br /> +</b> +<br /> +<i>Des-seheg</i>,<br /> +<i>Ichqua que heck</i>,<br /> +<i>Quesamaag</i>,<br /> +<i>Ayiok-ius</i>.<br /> +<br /> +<b> +<span class="smcap">Delawares</span> <i>of</i> Shamokin.<br /> +</b> +<br /> +<i>Olumapies</i>, }<br /> +<i>Lingehancah</i>, } Chiefs.<br /> +<i>Kelly macquan</i>,<br /> +<i>Quitie-yquont</i>,<br /> +<i>Pishquiton</i>,<br /> +<i>Nena chy haut</i>.<br /> +<br /> +<b> +<span class="smcap">Delawares</span> <i>from the</i> Forks<br /> +</b> +<br /> +<i>Onutpe</i>, }<br /> +<i>Lawye quohwon</i> alias <i>Nutimus</i>, } Chiefs.<br /> +<i>Toweghkappy</i>,<br /> +<i>Cornelius Spring</i>, and others.<br /> +<br /> +<b> +<span class="smcap">Conrad Weiser</span>,<br /> +<span class="smcap">Cornelius Spring</span>,</b> <i>Interpreters</i>.<br /> +<br /> +<b>And a great Number of the Inhabitants of <i>Philadelphia</i>.<br /> +</b> +</p> + +<p style="text-align: center"> </p> + +<p style="text-align: center">The Governor, having commanded Silence, spoke as follows:</p> + +<p><i>Friends and Brethren of the Six Nations</i>,</p> + +<p>'Six Years ago a Number of your Chiefs obliged us with a Visit, when +they agreed, on Behalf of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> your Nations, to the Release of certain Lands +on both Sides the River <i>Susquehanna</i>, to the Southward of the +<i>Endless-Mountains</i>, and within the Limits and Bounds of the King's +Grant of this Province. In Consideration of which, a certain Quantity of +Goods was agreed on and delivered as a full Satisfaction for the said +Lands lying on the Eastern Side of the said River: And for the Lands on +the Western Side of the said River, you desired the Payment should be +deferr'd till another Opportunity. These Goods, which are exactly the +same in Quantity as those you received the last Time the Chiefs of your +Nations were here, have been ready a considerable Time, and kept in +Expectation of your Coming for them: And now you are come down fully +impowered by your respective Councils to receive them, we are well +pleased to deliver them: Leaving it to you to make a fair and equal +Division of them amongst yourselves. We are sorry for the Absence of our +Brethren the <i>Senecas</i>, and much more so that it should be owing to +their Distress at Home by a Famine that rages in their Country:—A +Famine so great, that you tell us a Father has been obliged to sacrifice +one Part of his Family, even his own Children, for the Support and +Preservation of himself and the other Part.—We heartily commiserate +their Condition, and do not doubt but you will do them fair and ample +Justice in the Disposal of their Part of the Goods in such Manner as +they have instructed you. You shall now hear the List of the Goods read +to you.'</p> + +<p style="text-align: center">Here, by the Governor's Order, the List of the Goods was read over, +<i>viz.</i></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="list"> +<tbody> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">500</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Pounds of Powder</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">600</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Pounds of Lead</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">45</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Guns</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">60</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Strowd-Matchcoats</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">100</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Blankets</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">100</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Duffil Matchcoats</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">200</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Yards Half-thick</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">100</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Shirts</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">40</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Hats</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">40</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Pair of Shoes & Buckles</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">40</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Pair of Stockings</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">100</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Hatchets</i>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">500</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Knives</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">100</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Hoes</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">60</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Kettles</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">100</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Tobacco-Tongs</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">100</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Scissars</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">500</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Awl-Blades</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">120</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Combs</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">2000</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Needles</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">1000</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Flints</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">24</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Looking-Glasses</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">2</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Pounds of Vermilion</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">100</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Tin Pots</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">1000</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Tobacco-Pipes</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">200</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Pounds of Tobacco</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">24</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Dozen of Gartering, &</i></td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right;">25</td><td style="text-align: left;"><i>Gallons of Rum</i>.</td></tr> +</tbody> +</table> + +<p>Then the Governor told them that the Goods, of which the Particulars had +been just Read to them, were in the Meeting-House, and would be sent to +whatever Place they would direct.</p> + +<p style="text-align: center">The Governor then proceeded:</p> + +<p>'<i>BRETHREN</i>,</p> + +<p>'You have often heard of the Care that your great and good Friend and +Brother <i>William Penn</i> took at all Times to cultivate a perfect good +Harmony with all the <i>Indians</i>: Of this your Nations have ever been +fully sensible; but more especially a Number of your Chiefs, about ten +Years ago, when, on the Arrival of a Son of your said great Friend +<i>William Penn</i>, large and valuable Presents were exchanged by us with +you; a new Road was made and clear'd; a new Fire kindled; and the Chain +of Friendship made stronger, so as to last while the Sun and Moon +endure.</p> + +<p>'And now we cannot but congratulate ourselves that your Coming should +happen at a Time when we are in daily Expectation of a War being +declared between the King of <i>England</i>, and the <i>French</i> King, well +knowing, that should such a War happen, it must very sensibly affect +you, considering your Situation in the Neighbourhood of <i>Canada</i>. Your +Coming at this Juncture is particularly fortunate, since it gives us an +Opportunity of mentioning several Things that may be necessary to be +settled between People so strictly and closely united<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> as we are.—An +Union not to be express'd by any thing less than the affectionate +Regards which Children of the same Parents bear for each other, as +conceiving ourselves to be one Flesh and one People.</p> + +<p>'The utmost Care therefore ought mutually to be taken by us on both +Sides, that the Road between us be kept perfectly clear and open, and no +Lets, nor the least Obstruction be suffered to lie in the Way; or if any +should by Accident be found, that may hinder our free Intercourse and +Correspondence, it must forthwith be removed.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>To inforce this, We lay down a String of</i> Wampum.</p></div> + +<p>'In next Place, We, on our Part, shall inlarge our Fire that burns +between us. We shall provide more Fewel to increase it and make it burn +brighter and clearer, and give a stronger and more lasting Light and +Warmth.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>In Evidence of our sincere Intentions, We lay down this Belt +of</i> Wampum.</p></div> + +<p>'In the last Place, considering the Obligations we are mutually under by +our several Treaties, <i>That we should hear with our Ears for you, and +you hear with your Ears for us</i>. We shall at all Times very willingly +give you the earliest and best Intelligence of any Designs that may be +form'd to your Disadvantage.—And if you discover any Preparations that +can hurt us, we desire you will immediately dispatch some suitable +Person in whom we can place a Confidence, to give us a proper +Information.'</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>To inforce this Request, as well as to brighten the Chain, we +lay down this other Belt of</i> Wampum.</p></div> + +<p>On the Governor's concluding the Speech, the solemn Cry, by way of +Approbation, was repeated by the <i>Indians</i>, as many Times as there were +Nations present; and then <i>Canassateego</i> rose up and spoke.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span></p> + +<p>'<i><span lang="el" title="Transcriber's Note: original has "BRRTHREN"">BRETHREN</span></i>,</p> + +<p>'We thank you for your kind Speech: What you have said is very agreeable +to us; and to-morrow when we have deliberated on the several Matters +recommended to us, we will give you our Answer. We desire, as our Time +will be wholly taken up in Council, you will order the Goods to be +carried back to the Proprietaries to prevent their being lost, and that +they may continue there till we call for them.'</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<h3>At a <span class="smcap">Council</span> held in the Meeting-House, <i>July</i> 7. 1742.</h3> + +<h3>P R E S E N T,</h3> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>The Hon<sup>ble</sup> <span class="smcap">George Thomas</span>, Esq; Lieut. Governor.</b></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="present"> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td><i><b>James Logan</b></i>,</td> +<td><i><b>Samuel Preston,</b></i></td> +<td><b>}</b></td> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i><b>Thomas Lawrence</b></i>,</td> +<td><i><b>Samuel Hasell,</b></i></td> +<td><b>}</b></td> +<td><b>Esqrs;</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i><b>Abraham Taylor</b></i>,</td> +<td><i><b>Robert Strettell,</b></i></td> +<td><b>}</b></td> +<td> </td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> + +<p style="text-align: center"> </p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b><span class="smcap">Canassateego's</span> Speech on Behalf of the <i>Six Nations</i>.</b></p> + +<p> </p> + +<p>'<i>BRETHREN, the Governor and Council, and all present</i>,</p> + +<p>According to our Promise we now propose to return you an Answer to the +several Things mentioned to us Yesterday, and shall beg Leave to speak +to publick Affairs first, tho' they were what you spoke to last. On this +Head you Yesterday put us in Mind, first, <i>Of</i> William Penn's <i>early and +constant Care to cultivate Friendship with all the</i> Indians; <i>of the +Treaty we held with one of his Sons, about Ten Years ago; and of the +Necessity there is at this Time of keeping the Roads between us clear +and free from all Obstructions.</i> We are all very sensible of the kind +Regard that good Man <i>William Penn</i> had for all the <i>Indians</i>, and +cannot but be pleased to find that his Children have the same. We well +remember the Treaty you mention held with his Son on his Arrival here, +by which we confirmed our League of Friendship that is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> to last as long +as the Sun and Moon endure: In Consequence of this, We, on our Part, +shall preserve the Road free from all Incumbrances: in Confirmation +whereof, we lay down this String of <i>Wampum</i>.</p> + +<p>'You in the next Place said, <i>You would inlarge the Fire and make it +burn brighter</i>, which we are pleased to hear you mention; and assure +you, we shall do the same, by adding to it more Fewel, that it may still +flame out more strongly than ever: In the last Place, you were pleased +to say, <i>that we are bound, by the strictest Leagues, to watch for each +others Preservation; that we should hear with our Ears for you, and you +hear with your Ears for us</i>: This is equally agreeable to us; and we +shall not fail to give you early Intelligence whenever any Thing of +Consequence comes to our Knowledge: And to encourage you to do the same, +and to nourish in your Hearts what you have spoke to us with your +Tongues, about the Renewal of our Amity and the Brightening of the Chain +of Friendship; we confirm what we have said with another Belt of +<i>Wampum</i>.'</p> + +<p>'<i>BRETHREN</i>,</p> + +<p>We <span lang="el" title="Transcriber's Note: original has "rececived"">received</span> from the +Proprietor's, yesterday, some Goods in Consideration of our Release of +the Lands on the West-Side of <i>Susquehanna</i>: It is true we have the full +Quantity according to Agreement; but if the Proprietor had been here +himself, we think, in Regard of our Numbers and Poverty, he would have +made an Addition to them.—If the Goods were only to be divided amongst +the <i>Indians</i> present, a single Person would have but a small Portion; +but if you consider what Numbers are left behind, equally intituled with +us to a Share, there will be extreamly little. We therefore desire, if +you have the Keys of the Proprietor's Chest, you will open it, and take +out a little more for us.</p> + +<p>'We know our Lands are now become more valuable: The white People think +we do not know their Value;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span> but we are sensible that the Land is +everlasting, and the few Goods we receive for it are soon worn out and +gone. For the Future we will sell no Lands but when Brother <span class="smcap">Onas</span> is in +the Country; and we will know beforehand the Quantity of the Goods we +are to receive. Besides, we are not well used with Respect to the Lands +still unsold by us. Your People daily settle on these Lands, and spoil +our Hunting.—We must insist on your Removing them, as you know they +have no Right to settle to the Northward of <i>Kittochtinny-Hills</i>.—In +particular, we renew our Complaints against some People who are settled +at <i>Juniata</i>, a Branch of <i>Susquehanna</i>, and all along the Banks of that +River, as far as <i>Mahaniay</i>; and desire they may be forthwith made to go +off the Land; for they do great Damage to our Cousins the <i>Delawares</i>.</p> + +<p>'We have further to observe, with Respect to the Lands lying on the West +Side of <i>Susquehanna</i>, that tho' Brother <span class="smcap">Onas</span> (meaning the Proprietor) +has paid us for what his People possess, yet some Parts of that Country +have been taken up by Persons whose Place of Residence is to the South +of this Province, from whom we have never received any Consideration. +This Affair was recommended to you by our Chiefs at our last Treaty; and +you then, at our earnest Desire, promised to write a Letter to that +Person who has the Authority over those People, and to procure us his +Answer: As we have never heard from you on this Head, we want to know +what you have done in it. If you have not done any thing, we now renew +our Request, and desire you will inform the Person whose People are +seated on our Lands, that that Country belongs to us, in Right of +Conquest; we having bought it with our Blood, and taken it from our +Enemies in fair War; and we expect, as Owners of that Land, to receive +such a Consideration for it as the Land is worth. We desire you will +press him to send us a positive Answer: Let him say <i>Yes</i> or <i>No</i>: If he +says <i>Yes</i>, we will treat<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> with him; if <i>No</i>, we are able to do +ourselves Justice; and we will do it, by going to take Payment +ourselves.</p> + +<p>'It is Customary with us to make a Present of Skins whenever we renew +our Treaties. We are ashamed to offer our Brethren so few; but your +Horses and Cows have eat the Grass our Deer used to feed on. This has +made them scarce, and will, we hope, plead in Excuse for not bringing a +larger Quantity: If we could have spared more, we would have given more; +but we are really poor; and desire you'll not consider the Quantity, +but, few as they are, accept them in Testimony of our Regard.'</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Here they gave the Governor a Bundle of Skins.</i></p></div> + +<p style="text-align: center">The Governor immediately replied:</p> + +<p>'<i>BRETHREN</i>,</p> + +<p>We thank you for the many Declarations of Respect: you have given us in +this solemn Renewal of our Treaties: We receive, and shall keep your +String and Belts of <i>Wampum</i>, as Pledges of your Sincerity, and desire +those we gave you may be carefully preserved, as Testimonies of ours.</p> + +<p>'In Answer to what you say about the Proprietaries.—They are all +absent, and have taken the Keys of their Chest along with them; so that +we cannot, on their Behalf, enlarge the Quantity of Goods: Were they +here, they might, perhaps, be more generous; but we cannot be liberal +for them.—The Government will, however, take your Request into +Consideration, and, in Regard to your Poverty, may perhaps, make you a +Present. I but just mention this now, intending to refer this Part of +your Speech to be answered at our next Meeting.</p> + +<p>'The Number of Guns, as well as every Thing else, answers exactly with +the Particulars specified in your<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> Deed of Conveyance, which is more +than was agreed to be given you. It was your own Sentiments, that the +Lands on the West Side of <i>Susquehanna</i> were not so Valuable as those on +the East; and an Abatement was to be made, proportionable to the +Difference in Value: But the Proprietor overlooked this, and ordered the +full Quantity to be delivered, which you will look on as a Favour.</p> + +<p>'It is very true, that Lands are of late become more Valuable; but what +raises their Value? Is it not entirely owing to the Industry and Labour +used by the white People in their Cultivation and Improvement? Had not +they come amongst you, these Lands would have been of no Use to you, any +further than to maintain you. And is there not, now you have sold so +much, enough left for all the Purposes of Living?—What you say of the +Goods, that they are soon worn out, is applicable to every Thing; but +you know very well, that they cost a great deal of Money; and the Value +of Land is no more than it is worth in Money.</p> + +<p>'On your former Complaints against People's Settling the Lands on +<i>Juniata</i>, and from thence all along on the River <i>Susquehanna</i> as far +as <i>Mahaniahy</i>, some Magistrates were sent expresly to remove them; and +we thought no Persons would presume to stay after that.</p> + +<p>Here they interrupted the Governor, and said:—'<i>These Persons who were +sent did not do their Duty: So far from removing the People, they made +Surveys for themselves, and they are in League with the Trespassers. We +desire more effectual Methods may be used and honester Persons +imploy'd.</i>'</p> + +<p style="text-align: center">Which the Governor promised, and then proceeded:<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span></p> + +<p>'<i>BRETHREN</i>,</p> + +<p>According to the Promise made at our last Treaty with you, Mr. <i>Logan</i>, +who was at that Time President, did write to the Governor of <i>Maryland</i>, +that he might make you Satisfaction for such of your Lands as his People +had taken up; but did not receive one Word from him upon that Head. I +will write to him again, and endeavour to procure you a Satisfactory +Answer. We do not doubt but he will do you Justice: But we exhort you to +be careful not to exercise any Acts of Violence towards his People, as +they likewise are our Brethren, and Subjects of the same Great King; and +therefore Violence towards them must be productive of very evil +Consequences.</p> + +<p>'I shall conclude what I have to say at this Time with Acknowledgments +for your Present; which is very agreeable to us, from the Expressions of +Regard used by you in presenting it: Gifts of this Nature receiving +their Value from the Affection of the Giver, and not from the Quantity +or Price of the Thing given.'</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<h3>At a COUNCIL held at <i>Philadelphia</i>, <i>July</i> 8. 1742.</h3> + +<h3>P R E S E N T</h3> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>The Hon<sup>ble</sup> <span class="smcap">George Thomas</span> Esq; Lieut. Governor.</b></p> + + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="present"> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td><i><b>James Logan</b></i>,</td> +<td><i><b>Samuel Preston</b></i>,</td> +<td><b>}</b></td> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i><b>Clement Plumsted</b></i>,</td> +<td><i><b>Thomas Lawrence</b></i>,</td> +<td><b>}</b></td> +<td><b>Esqrs;</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i><b>Samuel Hasell</b></i>,</td> +<td><i><b>Ralph Asheton</b></i>,</td> +<td><b>}</b></td> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i><b>Abraham Taylor</b></i>,</td> +<td><i><b>Robert Strettell</b></i>,</td> +<td><b>}</b></td> +<td> </td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> + +<p> </p> + +<p>The Board taking into Consideration, whether it be proper or not at this +Time, to make a Present to the <i>Indians</i> of the <i>Six Nations</i>, now in +Town, in Return for their Present to this Government at Yesterday's +Treaty:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Resolved</i>,</p></div> + +<p>That it is highly fit and proper that a Present be made to the said +<i>Indians</i> at this Time.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span></p> + +<p>And it is the Opinion of this Board, that the said Present should be of +the Value of £.500, or at least £.300.</p> + +<p>And it is recommended to Mr. <i>Logan</i>, Mr. <i>Preston</i>, and Mr. <i>Lawrence</i>, +to acquaint Mr. <i>Kinsey</i>, the Speaker of the Assembly, with the Opinion +of this Board; and that they request him to confer with such other +Members of Assembly as are in Town, and report their Sentiments +thereupon.</p> + +<p>The Board taking into Consideration the Threats express'd by the +<i>Indians</i>, at the Treaty Yesterday, against the Inhabitants of +<i>Maryland</i>, settled on certain Lands on the West Side of <i>Susquehanna</i>, +which the <i>Indians</i> claim, and for which they require Satisfaction; and +considering, that should those Threats, in any sort, be put in +Execution, not only the Inhabitants of <i>Maryland</i>, but of this +Government, and all his Majesty's Subjects on the Northern Continent of +<i>America</i>, may thereby be involved in much Trouble: It is the Opinion of +this Board, that the Governor write to the Governor of <i>Maryland</i> +without Delay, to inform him of the <i>Indians</i> Complaints and Threats, +and to request a satisfactory Answer; and that his Letter be sent by a +special Messenger, at the Publick Expence.</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<h3>At a COUNCIL held <i>July</i> 9. 1742.</h3> + +<h3>P R E S E N T,</h3> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>The Hon<sup>ble</sup> <span class="smcap">George Thomas</span> Esq; Lieut. Governor.</b></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="present"> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td><i><b>James Logan</b></i>,</td> +<td><i><b>Samuel Preston</b></i>,</td> +<td><b>}</b></td> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i><b>Clement Plumsted</b></i>,</td> +<td><i><b>Ralph Asheton</b></i>,</td> +<td><b>}</b></td> +<td><b>Esqrs;</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i><b>Samuel Hasell</b></i>,</td> +<td><i><b>Thomas Lawrence</b></i>,</td> +<td><b>}</b></td> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i><b>Robert Strettell</b></i>,</td> +<td> </td> +<td><b>}</b></td> +<td> </td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>And Mr. <i>Peters</i>.</b></p> + +<p> </p> + +<p>The Governor informed the Board, that the <i>Indian</i> Chiefs dining with +him Yesterday, after Dinner delivered their Answer to two Affairs of +Consequence:<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span></p> + +<p>The first related to the violent Battery committed on <i>William Webb</i>, in +the Forks of <i>Delaware</i>, whereby his Jaw-bone was broke, and his Life +greatly endangered, by an unknown <i>Indian</i>. <i>Canassateego</i> repeating the +Message delivered to the <i>Six Nations</i> by <i>Shickalamy</i>, in the Year +1740, with a String of <i>Wampum</i>, said in Answer: 'The <i>Six Nations</i> had +made diligent Enquiry into the Affair, and had found out the <i>Indian</i> +who had committed the Fact; he lived near <i>Asopus</i>, and had been +examined and severely reproved: And they hoped as <i>William Webb</i> was +recovered, the Governor would not expect any further Punishment; and +therefore they returned the String of <i>Wampum</i> received from their +Brethren, by the Hand of <i>Shickalamy</i>, in Token that they had fully +Comply'd with their Request.'</p> + +<p>I thank'd them for their Care; but reminded them, that tho' the Man did +not die, yet he lay a long Time in extreme Misery, and would never +recover the free Use of his Speech, and was rendred less able to get his +Livelyhood, and in such Cases the <i>English</i> Laws obliged the Assailant +to make good all Damages, besides paying, for the Pain endured.—But as +the <i>Indian</i> was, in all Probability, Poor and unable to make +Satisfaction, I told them, that for their Sake I would forgive him; +adding, had <i>Webb</i> died I make no Doubt but you would have put the +<i>Indian</i> to Death, just as we did two of our People who had killed an +<i>Indian</i>; we caused them to be hung on a Gallows, in the Presence of +many Hundreds of our People, to deter all others from doing the like. +<i>Canassateego</i> made me this Reply: 'The <i>Indians</i> know no Punishment but +Death; they have no such Thing as pecuniary Mulcts; if a Man be guilty +of a Crime, he is either put to Death, or the Fault is overlook'd. We +have often heard of your Hanging-up those two Persons; but as none of +our <i>Indians</i> saw the Men die, many believe they were not hanged, but +transported to some other Colony: And it would be satisfactory to the +<i>Indians</i>, if, for the Future, some of them be sent<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> for, to be +Witnesses to such Executions.' I assured them, that whoever gave them +that Information, abused them; for the Persons certainly suffered Death, +and in the Presence of all the People.</p> + +<p><i>Canassateego</i> then proceeded to give an Answer to what was said to them +the 2d Instant, relating to <i>Le Tort</i>'s Letter: 'That they had, in +Council, considered in what Manner the Matter recommended to them ought +to be conducted; and they were of Opinion, that as the <i>Shawanese</i>, not +the <i>Twightwys</i>, (for they knew so much of it that the People were of +the <i>Twightwy</i> Nation in whose Bags the Scalps were found) had sent me a +Present of Skins, I should, in Return, send them a Blanket or a Kettle, +and with it a very sharp Message, that tho' they had done well in +sweeping the Road from Blood, yet that was but a small Part of their +Duty; they ought not to have suffered the <i>Twightwys</i>, after their Lye, +and the Discovery of the Scalps, to have left them, 'till they had given +a full and true Account how they came by them, whose Scalps they were, +and in what Place, and for what Reason the Men were kill'd; and when +they had been fully satisfied of all these Particulars, then it was +their Duty to have given Information to the Government where the white +People lived, that the Murderers might be complained against, and +punished by the Nation they belong'd to: And as the <i>Shawanese</i> had +omitted to perform the Part of Brethren, that I should reprove them for +it, and charge them to make amends for their Neglect, by using all +possible Expedition to come at the Knowledge of these Things, and to aid +their Brethren the white People in obtaining Justice.'</p> + +<p>The Minutes of the Preceding Council being read, Mr. <i>Logan</i>, in +Pursuance of the Board's Direction of Yesterday, reported, on Behalf of +himself and the other Gentlemen to whom it was recommended, that they +had confer'd with Mr. <i>Kinsey</i>, and requested him to consult<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> the other +Members of the Assembly concerning the making a Present to the +<i>Indians</i>; and that Mr. <i>Kinsey</i> having collected the Sentiments of +several Members of the Assembly in Town, whom he had confer'd with on +that Subject, found them generally of Opinion, that a Present should at +this Time be made; but that they had declined nominating any Sum: +However, that Mr. <i>Kinsey</i> had given it as his own Opinion, that the +Governor and Council might go as far as <i>Three Hundred Pounds</i>.</p> + +<p>And accordingly it is refer'd to Mr. <i>Logan</i>, Mr. <i>Preston</i>, and Mr. +<i>Lawrence</i>, to consider of and prepare a proper List of the Goods +whereof the Present should be composed, to the Value of <i>Three Hundred +Pounds</i> as aforesaid; advising with the Interpreter as to the Quantity +and Quality.</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<h3>At a COUNCIL held at the Proprietor's the 9th of <i>July</i>, <i>P.M.</i> 1742.</h3> + +<h3>P R E S E N T,</h3> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>The Hon<sup>ble</sup> <span class="smcap">George Thomas</span>, Esq; Lieut. Governor.</b></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="present"> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td><b><i>James Logan</i>,</b> + </td> + <td><b><i>Robert Strettell</i>,</b> + </td> + <td><b>}</b></td> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b><i>Samuel Preston</i>,</b></td> + <td><b><i>Abraham Taylor</i>,</b></td> + <td><b>}</b></td> + <td><b>Esqrs.</b></td> + </tr> +</tbody> +</table> + + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>The CHIEFS of the <i>Six Nations</i>.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>SASSOONAN</i>, and <i>Delawares</i>.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>NUTIMUS</i>, and the <i>Fork-Indians</i>.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>CONRAD WEISER</i>, Interpreter.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"> </p> + +<p style="text-align: center">The Governor spoke to the Chiefs of the <i>Six Nations</i> as follows:</p> + +<p>'<i><span lang="el" title="Transcriber's Note: original has "BRRTHREN"">BRETHREN</span></i>,</p> + +<p>The last Time the Chiefs of the <i>Six Nations</i> were here, they were +informed, that your Cousins, a Branch<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span> of the <i>Delawares</i>, gave this +Province some Disturbance about the Lands the Proprietor purchased from +them, and for which their Ancestors had received a valuable +Consideration above <i>Fifty-five</i> Years ago, as appears by a Deed now +lying on the Table.—Sometime after this, <i>Conrad Weiser</i> delivered to +your Brother <i>Thomas Penn</i> your Letter, wherein you request of him and +<i>James Logan</i> that they would not buy Land, <i>&c.</i>—This has been shewn +to them and interpreted; notwithstanding which they have continued their +former Disturbances, and have had the Insolence to write Letters to some +of the Magistrates of this Government, wherein they have abused your +good Brethren our worthy Proprietaries, and treated them with the utmost +Rudeness and Ill-Manners. Being loth, from our Regard to you, to punish +them as they deserve, I sent two Messengers to inform them that you were +expected here, and should be acquainted with their Behaviour.—As you, +on all Occasions, apply to us to remove all white People that are +settled on Lands before they are purchased from you, and we do our +Endeavours to turn such People off; we now expect from you, that you +will cause these <i>Indians</i> to remove from the Lands in the Forks of +<i>Delaware</i>, and not give any further Disturbance to the Persons who are +now in Possession.'</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>To inforce this we lay down a String of</i> Wampum.</p></div> + +<p>Then were read the several Conveyances, the Paragraph of the Letter +wrote by the Chiefs of the <i>Six Nations</i> relating to the <i>Delawares</i>, +the Letters of the <i>Fork-Indians</i> to the Governor and Mr. <i>Langhorne</i>, +and a Draught of the Land; and then delivered to <i>Conrad Weiser</i>, who +was desired to interpret them to the Chiefs when they should take this +Affair into their Consideration.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<h3>At a COUNCIL held <i>July</i> 10, 1742.</h3> + +<h3>P R E S E N T,</h3> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>The Hon<sup>ble</sup> <span class="smcap">George Thomas</span> Esq; Lieut. Governor.</b></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="present"> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td><b><i>James Logan</i>,</b></td> + <td><b><i>Samuel Preston</i>,</b></td> + <td><b>}</b></td> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b><i>Clement Plumsted</i>,</b></td> + <td><b><i>Samuel Hasell</i>, </b></td> + <td><b>}</b></td> + <td><b>Esqrs;</b></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b><i>Thomas Lawrence</i>,</b></td> + <td><b><i>Robert Strettell</i>,</b></td> + <td><b>}</b></td> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b><i>Abraham Taylor</i>,</b></td> + <td> </td> + <td><b>}</b></td> + <td> </td> + </tr> +</tbody> +</table> + +<p> </p> + +<p>The Governor laid before the Board an Extract from the Treaty held here +the 7th Instant with the <i>Indians</i> of the <i>Six Nations</i>, so far as it +related to the Inhabitants of <i>Maryland</i>; as also a Letter he had +prepared for the Governor of <i>Maryland</i> upon that Subject; both of which +being approved, were ordered to be transcribed fair, in order to be +dispatch'd to morrow Morning: The Letter is as follows:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p style="text-align: right"><i>Philadelphia, July</i> 10, 1742.</p> + +<p><i>SIR</i>,</p> + +<p><i>The inclosed Extract of the Speech made by the Chiefs of the</i> Six +Nations, <i>before a very numerous Audience, in this Place, with my Answer +to it, is of so great Importance to all his Majesty's Colonies in this +Part of his Dominions, and to your Government in particular, that I have +imploy'd a special Messenger to deliver it you. I hope you will enable +me to send them a satisfactory Answer. It would be impertinent in me to +say more to one so well informed as you are of these Nations, and of +their absolute Authority over all the</i> Indians <i>bordering upon us, or of +the Advantages of maintaining a strict Friendship with them at all +Times, but more especially at this critical Juncture.</i></p> + +<p style="text-align: right">I am,</p> + +<p style="text-align: right">Yours, <i>&c.</i></p> +</div> + +<p>An Account exhibited by <i>Conrad Weiser</i> of his Expences upon the +<i>Indians</i> and <i>Indian</i> Affairs, from <i>February</i> last to <i>July</i> 1. 1742, +amounting to £.36 18<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i> was laid before the Board, and examined, +and allowed to be a just and very moderate Account.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span></p> + +<p>And the Board taking into Consideration the many signal Services +perform'd by the said <i>Conrad Weiser</i> to this Government, his Diligence +and Labour in the Service thereof, and his Skill in the <i>Indian</i> +Languages and Methods of Business, are of Opinion that the said <i>Conrad</i> +should be allowed, as a Reward from the Province at this Time, the Sum +of <i>Thirty Pounds</i>, at least, besides Payment of his said Account.</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<h3>At a COUNCIL held at the Great Meeting-House, <i>July</i> 10, <i>P.M.</i> 1742.</h3> + +<h3>P R E S E N T,</h3> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>The Hon<sup>ble</sup> <span class="smcap">George Thomas</span> Esq; Lieut. Governor.</b></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="present"> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td><b><i>James Logan</i>,</b></td> + <td><b><i>Samuel Preston</i>,</b></td> + <td><b>}</b></td> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b><i>Thomas Lawrence</i>,</b></td> + <td><b><i>Samuel Hasell</i>,</b></td> + <td><b>}</b></td> + <td><b>Esqrs;</b></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b><i>Abraham Taylor</i>,</b></td> + <td><b><i>Robert Strettell</i>,</b></td> + <td><b>}</b></td> + <td> </td> + </tr> +</tbody> +</table> + +<p> </p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="present"> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td><b><i>CANASSATEEGO</i>,</b></td> + <td><b>}</b></td> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b><i>SHICKALAMY</i>,</b></td> + <td><b>}</b></td> + <td><b>And other <i>Indian</i> Chiefs.</b></td> + </tr> +</tbody> +</table> + +<p> </p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b><span class="smcap">Conrad Weiser</span>, Interpreter,</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>And a great Number of the Inhabitants of <i>Philadelphia</i>.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"> </p> + +<p style="text-align: center">The Governor spoke to the <i>Indians</i> as follows.</p> + +<p>'<i>BRETHREN</i>,</p> + +<p>This Meeting will be short: It is in order to make you a Present from +the Governor, the Council, the Assembly, and all our People. <i>William +Penn</i> was known to you to be a good and faithful Friend to all the +<i>Indians</i>: He made a League of Friendship with you, by which we became +one People. This League has often since been renew'd by friendly +Treaties; and as you have declared that the Friendship shall always last +on your Parts, so we would have you believe that it shall remain +inviolable on ours while Sun and Moon endure.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span></p> + +<p>'I gave you some Expectation of a Present, and we have it now ready to +deliver to you. This Present is made you by the Governor, Council, +Assembly, and all our People, in Consideration of the great Miseries and +Distresses which you our good Friends have lately suffered. This will be +some Relief to you for the present, and 'tis to be hoped your own +Industry will soon retrieve your Circumstances.</p> + +<p>'It has sometimes hapened, and may happen again, that idle and untrue +Stories are carried to you concerning us your Brethren; but our Desire +is, and we expect it from you, that you will give no Credit to them; for +we are, and always will be, your steady and sincere Friends.</p> + +<p>'It is a Custom when we renew our Treaties with our good Friends the +<i>Indians</i>, to clear the Road and make our Fire burn bright: We have done +so upon this Occasion; and, in Token of our Sincerity, we deliver you, +as a Present from the Governor, the Council, the Assembly, and all the +People of <i>Pensilvania</i>, the following Goods, <i>viz.</i></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tbody> +<tr><td style="text-align: right">24</td><td style="text-align: left"><i>Guns</i>,</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right">600</td><td style="text-align: left"><i>Pounds of Lead</i>,</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right">600</td><td style="text-align: left"><i>Pounds of Powder</i>,</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right">25</td><td style="text-align: left"><i>Strowdes</i> }</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right">90</td><td style="text-align: left"><i>Duffel</i> } <i>Match-Coats</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right">30</td><td style="text-align: left"><i>Blankets</i>,</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right">62</td><td style="text-align: left"><i>Yards of Half-Thicks</i>.</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right">60</td><td style="text-align: left"><i>Ruffled Shirts</i>,</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right">25</td><td style="text-align: left"><i>Hats</i>,</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right">1000</td><td style="text-align: left"><i>Flints</i>,</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right">50</td><td style="text-align: left"><i>Hoes</i>,</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right">50</td><td style="text-align: left"><i>Hatchets</i>,</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right">5</td><td style="text-align: left"><i>Pounds of Vermilion</i>,</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right">10</td><td style="text-align: left"><i>Dozen of Knives</i>,</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right">8</td><td style="text-align: left"><i>Dozen of Gimblets</i>,</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right">2</td><td style="text-align: left"><i>Dozen of Tobacco-Tongs</i>,</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right">25</td><td style="text-align: left"><i>Pair of Shoes</i>,</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right">25</td><td style="text-align: left"><i>Pair of Stockings</i>,</td></tr> +<tr><td style="text-align: right">25</td><td style="text-align: left"><i>Pair of Buckles</i>.</td></tr> +</tbody> +</table> + +<p>Whereupon the Chiefs and all the <i>Indians</i>, returned their solemn +Thanks; and <i>Canassateego</i> said, 'They had no more to say as to publick +Business at present; but they had somewhat under Deliberation, which +when they had duly considered they would communicate.'<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span></p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<h3>At a COUNCIL held at the <span class="smcap">Proprietor's</span>, <i>July</i> 12, 1742.</h3> + +<h3>P R E S E N T,</h3> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>The Hon<sup>ble</sup> <span class="smcap">George Thomas</span> Esq; Lieut. Governor.</b></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="present"> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td><b><i>James Logan</i>,</b></td> + <td><b><i>Clement Plumsted</i>,</b></td> + <td><b>}</b></td> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b><i>Thomas Lawrence</i>,</b></td> + <td><b><i>Abraham Taylor</i>,</b></td> + <td><b>}</b></td> + <td><b>Esqrs;</b></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b><i>Robert Strettell</i>,</b></td> + <td> </td> + <td><b>}</b></td> + <td> </td> + </tr> +</tbody> +</table> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>Mr. <i>Richard Peters</i>.</b></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="present"> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td><b><i>CANASSATEEGO</i>,</b></td> + <td><b>}</b></td> + <td><b>And sundry Chiefs of the</b></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b><i>SHICKALAMY</i>,</b></td> + <td><b>}</b></td> + <td><b><span class="smcap">Six Nations</span>.</b></td> + </tr> +</tbody> +</table> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>SASSOONAN</i>, and <i>Delawares</i>.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>NUTIMUS</i>, and <i>Fork-Indians</i>.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>CONRAD WEISER</i>, Interpreter.</b></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="present"> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td><b><i>Pisquetoman</i>, </b></td> + <td><b>}</b></td> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b><i>Cornelius Spring</i>,</b></td> + <td><b>}</b></td> + <td><b>Interpreters to the <i>Fork Indians</i>.</b></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b><i>Nicholas Scull</i>, </b></td> + <td><b>}</b></td> + <td> </td> + </tr> +</tbody> +</table> + +<p style="text-align: center"> </p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><i>CANASSATEEGO</i> said:</p> + +<p>'<i>BRETHREN the Governor and Council</i>,</p> + +<p>The other Day you informed us of the Misbehaviour of our Cousins the +<i>Delawares</i>, with Respect to their continuing to claim, and refusing to +remove from some Land on the River <i>Delaware</i>, notwithstanding their +Ancestors had sold it by a Deed, under their Hands and Seals, to the +Proprietaries, for a Valuable Consideration, upwards of <i>Fifty</i> Years +ago; and notwithstanding that they themselves had about —— Years ago, +after a long and full Examination, ratified that Deed of their +Ancestors, and given a fresh one under their Hands and Seals; and then +you requested us to remove them, inforcing your Request with a String of +<i>Wampum</i>.—Afterwards you laid on the Table our own Let<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span>ters by <i>Conrad +Weiser</i>, some of our Cousins Letters, and the several Writings, to prove +the Charge against our Cousins, with a Draught of the Land in +Dispute.—We now tell you, we have perused all these several Papers: We +see with our own Eyes, that they have been a very unruly People, and are +altogether in the Wrong in their Dealings with you.—We have concluded +to remove them, and oblige them to go over the River <i>Delaware</i>, and +quit all Claim to any Lands on this Side for the Future, since they have +received Pay for them, and it is gone thro' their Guts long ago.—To +confirm to you that we will see your Request executed, we lay down this +String of <i>Wampum</i> in Return for yours.'</p> + +<p>Then turning to the <i>Delawares</i>, holding a Belt of <i>Wampum</i> in his Hand, +he spoke to them as follows:</p> + +<p>'<i>COUSINS</i>,</p> + +<p>Let this Belt of <i>Wampum</i> serve to Chastise you. You ought to be taken +by the Hair of the Head and shaked severely, till you recover your +Senses and become sober. You don't know what Ground you stand on, nor +what you are doing. Our Brother <span class="smcap">Onas's</span> Cause is very just and plain and +his Intentions to preserve Friendship. On the other Hand, Your Cause is +bad; your Heart far from being upright; and you are maliciously bent to +break the Chain of Friendship with our Brother <span class="smcap">Onas</span> and his People. We +have seen with our Eyes a Deed sign'd by <i>Nine</i> of your Ancestors above +<i>Fifty</i> Years ago for this very Land, and a Release sign'd, not many +Years since, by some of yourselves and Chiefs now living, to the Number +of <i>Fifteen</i> or upwards.—But how came you to take upon you to sell Land +at all? We conquered you; we made Women of you; you know you are Women, +and can no more sell Land than Women; nor is it fit you should have the +Power of selling Lands, since you would abuse it. This Land that you +claim is gone through your Guts; you have<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> been furnish'd with Cloaths, +Meat, and Drink, by the Goods paid you for it, and now you want it +again, like Children as you are.—But what makes you sell Land in the +Dark? Did you ever tell us that you had sold this Land? Did we ever +receive any Part, even the Value of a Pipe Shank, from you for it? You +have told us a blind Story, that you sent a Messenger to us to inform us +of the Sale, but he never came amongst us, nor we never heard any Thing +about it.—This is acting in the Dark, and very different from the +Conduct our <i>Six Nations</i> observe in their Sales of Land; on such +Occasions they give publick Notice, and invite all the <i>Indians</i> of +their united Nations, and give them all a Share of the Present they +receive for their Lands.—This is the Behaviour of the wise united +Nations.—But we find you are none of our Blood: You act a dishonest +Part, not only in this, but in other Matters: Your Ears are ever open to +slanderous Reports about our Brethren; you receive them with as much +Greediness as lewd Women receive the Embraces of bad Men. And for all +these Reasons we charge you to remove instantly; we don't give you the +Liberty to think about it. You are Women. Take the Advice of a wise Man, +and remove immediately. You may return to the other Side of <i>Delaware</i> +where you came from: But we do not know whether, considering how you +have demean'd yourselves, you will be permitted to live there; or +whether you have not swallowed that Land down your Throats as well as +the Land on this Side. We therefore assign you two Places to go, either +to <i>Wyomen</i> or <i>Shamokin</i>. You may go to either of these Places, and +then we shall have you more under our Eye, and shall see how you behave. +Don't deliberate; but remove away, and take this Belt of <i>Wampum</i>.'</p> + +<p>This being interpreted by <i>Conrad Weiser</i> into <i>English</i>, and by +<i>Cornelius Spring</i> into the <i>Delaware</i> Language, <i>Canassateego</i> taking a +String of <i>Wampum</i>, added further.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span></p> + +<p>'After our just Reproof, and absolute Order to depart from the Land, you +are now to take Notice of what we have further to say to you. This +String of <i>Wampum</i> serves to forbid you, your Children and +Grand-Children, to the latest Posterity for ever, medling in Land +Affairs; neither you nor any who shall descend from you, are ever +hereafter to presume to sell any Land: for which Purpose, you are to +preserve this String, in Memory, of what your Uncles have this Day given +you in Charge.—We have some other Business to transact with our +Brethren, and therefore depart the Council, and consider what has been +said to you.</p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><i>Canassateego</i> then spoke to the Governor and Council:</p> + +<p>'<i>BRETHREN</i>,</p> + +<p>We called at our old Friend <i>James Logan's</i> in our Way to this City, and +to our Grief we found him hid in the Bushes, and retired, through +Infirmities, from Publick Business. We press'd him to leave his +Retirement, and prevailed with him to assist once more on our Account at +your Councils. We hope, notwithstanding his Age, and the Effects of a +Fit of Sickness, which we understand has hurt his Constitution, that he +may yet continue a long Time to assist this Province with his Councils. +He is a wise Man, and a fast Friend to the <i>Indians</i>. And we desire, +when his Soul goes to GOD, you may chuse in his Room just such another +Person, of the same Prudence and Ability in Counselling, and of the same +tender Disposition and Affection for the <i>Indians</i>. In Testimony of our +Gratitude for all his Services, and because he was so good as to leave +his Country-House, and follow us to Town, and be at the Trouble, in this +his advanced Age, to attend the Council; we present him with this Bundle +of Skins.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span></p> + +<p>'<i>BRETHREN</i>,</p> + +<p>It is always our Way, at the Conclusion of a Treaty, to desire you will +use your Endeavours with the Traders, that they may sell their Goods +cheaper, and give us a better Price for our Deer-Skins. Whenever any +particular Sort of <i>Indian</i> Goods is scarce, they constantly make us pay +the dearer on that Account. We must now use the same Argument with them: +Our Deer are killed in such Quantities, and our Hunting-Countries grown +less every Day, by the Settlement of white People, that Game is now +difficult to find, and we must go a great Way in Quest of it; they +therefore ought to give us a better Price for our Skins; and we desire +you would speak to them to do so. We have been stinted in the Article of +Rum in Town. We desire you will open the Rum-Bottle, and give it to us +in greater Abundance on the Road.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>To inforce this Request, about the</i> Indian <i>Traders, we +present you with this Bundle of Skins.</i></p></div> + +<p>'<i>BRETHREN</i>,</p> + +<p>When we first came to your Houses, we found them clean and in Order: But +we have staid so long as to dirty them; which is to be imputed to our +different Way of Living from the white People: And therefore, as we +cannot but have been disagreeable to you on this Account, we present you +with some Skins to make your Houses clean, and put them into the same +Condition they were in when we came amongst you.</p> + +<p>'<i>BRETHREN</i>,</p> + +<p>The Business the <i>Five Nations</i> transact with you is of great +Consequence, and requires a skilful and honest Person to go between us; +one in whom both you <span lang="el" title="Transcriber's Note: repeated "and" in original">and</span> +we can place a Confidence.—We esteem our present Interpreter +to be such a Person, equally faithful in the Interpretation of whatever +is said to him by either of us, equally allied to both; he is of our +Nation, and a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span> Member of our Council as well as of yours. When we +adopted him, we divided him into Two equal Parts: One we kept for our +selves, and one we left for you. He has had a great deal of Trouble with +us, wore out his Shoes in our Messages, and dirty'd his Cloaths by being +amongst us, so that he is become as nasty as an <i>Indian</i>.</p> + +<p>'In Return for these Services, we recommend him to your Generosity; and +on our own Behalf, we give him <i>Five Skins</i> to buy him Clothes and Shoes +with.</p> + +<p>'<i>BRETHREN</i>,</p> + +<p>'We have still one more Favour to ask. Our Treaty, and all we have to +say about publick Business, is now over, and to morrow we design to +leave you. We hope, as you have given us Plenty of good Provision whilst +in Town, that you will continue your Goodness so far as to supply us +with a little more to serve us on the Road. And we likewise desire you +will provide us with Waggons, to carry our Goods to the Place where they +are to be conveyed by Water.</p> + +<p style="text-align: center">To these several Points the Governor made the following Reply.</p> + +<p>'<i><span lang="el" title="Transcriber's Note: original has "BRRTHREN"">BRETHREN</span> of the Six Nations</i>,</p> + +<p>'The Judgment you have just now pass'd on your Cousins the <i>Delawares</i>, +confirms the high Opinion we have ever entertained of the Justice of the +<i>Six Nations</i>. This Part of your Character, for which you are deservedly +famed, made us wave doing our selves Justice, in order to give you +another Opportunity of convincing the World of your inviolable +Attachment to your Engagements. These unhappy People might have always +liv'd easy, having never receiv'd the least Injury from us; but we +believe some of our own People were bad enough to impose on their +Credulity, and engage them in these wrong Measures, which we wish, for +their Sakes, they had avoided.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span></p> + +<p>'We hoped, from what we have constantly given in Charge to the <i>Indian</i> +Traders, that they would have administred no just Cause of Complaint: If +they do you Wrong, it is against our Inclinations, and contrary to our +express Directions. As you have exhibited no particular Charge against +them, we shall use our best Endeavours to persuade them to give you as +much for your Skins as they can possibly afford; and to take Care that +their Goods which they give in Exchange for Skins, be of the best Sort. +We will likewise order you some Rum to serve you on your Journey home, +since you desire it.</p> + +<p>'We wish there had been more Room and better Houses provided for your +Entertainment; but not expecting so many of you, we did the best we +could. 'Tis true there are a great many Houses in Town, but as they are +the Property of other People, who have their own Families to take Care +of, it is difficult to procure Lodgings for a large Number of People, +especially if they come unexpectedly.</p> + +<p>'We entertain the same Sentiments of the Abilities and Probity of the +Interpreter as you have express'd. We were induc'd at first to make Use +of him in this important Trust, from his being known to be agreeable to +you, and one who had lived amongst you for some Years, in good Credit +and Esteem with all your Nations; and have ever found him equally +faithful to both. We are pleas'd with the Notice you have taken of him, +and think he richly deserves it at your Hands. We shall not be wanting +to make him a suitable Gratification, for the many good and faithful +Services he hath done this Government.</p> + +<p>'We have already given Orders for Waggons to carry your Goods, and for a +Supply of Provisions to serve you on the Road in your Return home, where +we heartily wish you may arrive in good Health.'<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span></p> + +<p>After the Governor had <span lang="el" title="Transcriber's Note: original has "conclued"">concluded</span>, +Mr. <i>Logan</i> return'd an Answer to that Part of +<i>Canassateego's</i> Speech which related to Him, and said, 'That not only +upon the Account of his Lameness, of which the <i>Indians</i> themselves were +Witnesses; but on Account of another Indisposition which about three +Years since had laid him under an Incapacity of expressing himself with +his former usual Freedom, he had been obliged to live retired in the +Country. But that our first Proprietor, the Honourable <i>William Penn</i>, +who had ever been a Father and true Friend to all the <i>Indians</i>, having +above Forty Years since recommended them to his particular Care, he had +always, from his own Inclination, as well as from that strict Charge, +endeavoured to convince all the <i>Indians</i>, that He was their true +Friend; and was now well pleased, that after a Tract of so many Years, +they were not insensible of it. He thanked them kindly for their +Present, and heartily joined with them in their Desires, that this +Government may always be furnished with Persons of equally good +Inclinations, and not only with such, but also with better Abilities to +serve them.'</p> + +<p>And then <i>Canassateego</i> said, he had forgot to mention, that +<i>Shickalamy</i> and <i>Caxhayn</i>, had been employ'd on several Messages to +this Government, and desir'd that they might be consider'd on that +Account.</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<h3>At a COUNCIL held the 12th of <i>July, P.M.</i> 1742.</h3> + +<h3>P R E S E N T,</h3> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>The Hon<sup>ble</sup> <span class="smcap">George Thomas</span> Esq; Lieut. Governor.</b></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="present"> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td><b><i>James Logan</i>,</b></td> + <td><b><i>Samuel Preston</i>,</b></td> + <td><b>}</b></td> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b><i>Clement Plumsted</i>,</b></td> + <td><b><i>Thomas Lawrence</i>,</b></td> + <td><b>}</b></td> + <td><b>Esqrs;</b></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b><i>Samuel Hasell</i>,</b></td> + <td><b><i>Abraham Taylor</i>,</b></td> + <td><b>}</b></td> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b><i>Robert Strettell</i>,</b></td> + <td> </td> + <td><b>}</b></td> + <td> </td> + </tr> +</tbody> +</table> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>Mr. <i>Richard Peters.</i></b></p> + +<p> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span></p> + +<p>The Board taking into Consideration the Regulation of the necessary +Expences of the <i>Indians</i> Travelling down hither, and Returning; and +upon an Estimate made by <i>Conrad Weiser</i>, amounting to about <i>One +Hundred Pounds</i>, it appearing that the said Sum of £100. will be +necessary to be advanced to <i>Conrad Weiser</i> to defray those Expences, +Mr. <i>Logan</i> on the Proprietaries Behalf, proposes to advance 40<i>l.</i> and +the Treasurer declaring he had no publick Money in his Hands, and that +if he had, he would not advance Money without the Assembly's Order; it +is recommended to Mr. <i>Preston</i> and Mr. <i>Lawrence</i>, to confer with Mr. +<i>Kinsey</i>, and know whether he, as Speaker of the Assembly, and Trustee +of the Loan-Office, will advance the other 60<i>l.</i></p> + +<p>And the <i>Indians</i> having requested that they might have a small Quantity +of Rum, to be added to their Provisions, to comfort them on the Road: +The Board is of Opinion, that there be added to the said Estimate +---- for Twenty Gallons of Rum for the aforesaid Use. And in Return for +their Present of Skins, at Requesting that the <i>Indian</i> Traders be +enjoyn'd to sell their Goods cheaper, the Board directs that two Strouds +be presented. And that <i>Five Pounds</i> be given to <i>Caxhayn</i> on the +Account of the Province, for his Services; and to <i>Shickalamy</i> the like +Sum.</p> + +<p style="text-align: right"><b><i>A Just Copy; compared by</i></b></p> + +<p style="text-align: right"><b><i>PATRICK BAIRD</i>, Secr<sup>y</sup>.</b></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="Advertisement" id="Advertisement"></a>Advertisement.</h2> + + +<p><span class="dropcap">O</span><b>F</b> the Printers of this <i>Treaty</i> may be had, [Price 6<i>d</i>] The <span class="smcap">Charge</span> +delivered from the <i>Bench</i> to the <span class="smcap">Grand Inquest</span>, at a Court of <i>Oyer</i> +and <i>Terminer</i> and General <i><span lang="el" title="Transcriber's Note: original has "Goal"">Gaol</span> Delivery</i>, held for the City and County of <span class="smcap">Philadelphia</span>; by +the Hon<sup>ble</sup> <span class="smcap">James Logan</span> Esq; <i>Chief Justice</i> of the Province of +<span class="smcap">Pensilvania</span>.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h3><a name="FOOTNOTES" id="FOOTNOTES"></a>FOOTNOTES</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> The History of the <i>Five Nations</i>, from the earliest +Acquaintance of the <i>Europeans</i> with them, to the <i>Treaty</i> of <i>Reswick</i>, +by <span class="smcap">C. Colden</span>, a <i>Manuscript</i> ready for the Press, in the Hands of a +worthy Gentleman in <i>London</i>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> "It is customary among them to make a Complement of +<i>Naturalization</i> into the <i>Five Nations</i>; and considering how highly +they value themselves above all others, it must be accounted no small +one.—I had this <i>Complement</i> from one of their old <i>Sachems</i>, which he +did by giving me his <i>own Name</i>: He had been a notable Warriour; and he +told me, that now I had a Right to assume to my self all the Acts of +Valour he had performed." <span class="smcap">C. Colden's</span> <i>History of the</i> Five Nations, +<i>M.S.</i></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> The <i>Indian</i> Idiom; they always stile a <i>whole Nation</i> in +the <i>singular Number</i>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> A <i>Tree</i> is their most frequent Emblem of <i>Peace</i>. To plant +a Tree whose Top may reach to the Sun, and its Branches may extend over +the whole Country, is a Phrase for a lasting Covenant of Peace.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> The <i>great Pipe</i>, or <i>Calumet</i> of the <i>Indians</i>, resembles +the Olive-Branch of Antiquity, always a Badge of Peace.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> "All the Nations round them have for many Years entirely +submitted to them, (the <i>Five Nations</i>) and pay a Yearly Tribute in +<i>Wampum</i>: They dare neither make War nor Peace without the Consent of +the <i>Mohawks</i>. Two old Men commonly go about every Year or two to +receive this Tribute; and I have had Opportunity to observe what Anxiety +the poor <i>Indians</i> were under, whilst the two old Men remained in that +Part of the Country where I was. An old <i>Mohawk Sachem</i>, in a poor +Blanket and a dirty Shirt, may be seen issuing his Orders with as +absolute Authority as a <i>Roman</i> Dictator, or King of <i>France</i>." <span class="smcap">C. +Colden's</span> History.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> <i>Roanu</i> signifies <i>Nation</i> or <i>People</i>, in the Language of +the <i>Six Nations</i>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> <span class="smcap">De la Poterie's</span> <i>History of</i> North America, <i>in</i> Dr. +<span class="smcap">Colden's</span> <i>History</i>, &c.</p></div> + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Treaty Held with the Indians of +the Six Nations at Philadelphia, in July 1742, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE TREATY HELD WITH THE *** + +***** This file should be named 18635-h.htm or 18635-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/8/6/3/18635/ + +Produced by Thierry Alberto, Linda Cantoni, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by the Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions +(www.canadiana.org)) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Treaty Held with the Indians of the Six Nations at Philadelphia, in July 1742 + To which is Prefix'd an Account of the first Confederacy + of the Six Nations, their present Tributaries, Dependents, + and Allies + +Author: Various + +Editor: Sir George Thomas + +Release Date: June 20, 2006 [EBook #18635] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE TREATY HELD WITH THE *** + + + + +Produced by Thierry Alberto, Linda Cantoni, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by the Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions +(www.canadiana.org)) + + + + + + + + + +THE + +TREATY + +Held with the + +_INDIANS_ + +OF THE + +SIX NATIONS + +AT + +_Philadelphia_, in _July 1742_. + +To which is Prefix'd + +An Account of the _first Confederacy_ of the _SIX NATIONS_, their +present TRIBUTARIES, DEPENDENTS, and ALLIES. + + +_LONDON:_ + +Re-printed and Sold by T. SOWLE RAYLTON and LUKE HINDE, at the _Bible_ +in _George-Yard, Lombard-Street_. + +[Price Six-Pence.] + + + + +THE + +PREFACE. + + +_A Copy of the following_ Treaty, _printed at_ Philadelphia _in 1743, +having fallen into my Hands, upon perusal, I judg'd its Contents +deserved to be more generally known, than probably would have been from +the few Copies which might be sent over._ + +_To make it more instructive and entertaining, I had once Thoughts of +prefixing an Account of the_ Customs _and_ Manners _of these_ People, +_such an one as I could collect either from the_ Printed Relations +_concerning them, or from such_ Materials _as my_ Correspondence _or_ +Acquaintance _would have afforded: But, the_ accurate Description _drawn +up and published by the memorable_ WILLIAM PENN, _deterr'd me from +attempting a short One; and an ingenious Gentleman of_ New-York _will +probably soon oblige the World with a large and curious History of the_ +Five Nations,[1] _exceeding any thing in my Power to perform._ + +[Footnote 1: The History of the _Five Nations_, from the earliest +Acquaintance of the _Europeans_ with them, to the _Treaty_ of _Reswick_, +by C. COLDEN, a _Manuscript_ ready for the Press, in the Hands of a +worthy Gentleman in _London_.] + +_But, that the_ Reader _might have some Idea of these_ People, _I +thought it necessary to subjoin the following succinct_ Account _of the_ +Principles _in this_ Confederacy, _their_ Tributaries, Dependents _and_ +Allies: _And the more so, as it is neither extant in_ Print, _nor is +this Part taken Notice of so fully in the_ Manuscript History +_above-mentioned. It was communicated by a Gentleman of good +Understanding and Probity; one who is very well skill'd in the_ Indian +_Affairs,[2] adopted into one of their_ Tribes, _is of their_ Council, +_and their constant_ Interpreter _at the_ Philadelphia Treaties, _to a +Friend of his, who sent it to his_ Correspondent _here._ + +[Footnote 2: "It is customary among them to make a Complement of +_Naturalization_ into the _Five Nations_; and considering how highly +they value themselves above all others, it must be accounted no small +one.--I had this _Complement_ from one of their old _Sachems_, which he +did by giving me his _own Name_: He had been a notable Warriour; and he +told me, that now I had a Right to assume to my self all the Acts of +Valour he had performed." C. COLDEN'S _History of the_ Five Nations, +_M.S._] + +_They have generally been stiled the_ Five Nations _of_ Indians, +_bordering upon_ Pensilvania _and_ New-York; _but, since the Arrival of +the_ Tuscarora's _from_ Carolina, _they are called the_ Six Nations. _An +Account of whom is as follows,_ + +1. _The_ Conymkos _or_ Mohawks; _the first Promoter of the_ +Confederacy.[3] _He is stiled in the Council of all the Nations,_ +Dicarihoagan, _i.e._ President _or_ Eldest. + +[Footnote 3: The _Indian_ Idiom; they always stile a _whole Nation_ in +the _singular Number_.] + +2. _The_ Onayiuts _or_ Onoyders, _were the first that join'd in the_ +Confederacy _with the_ Mohawks, _by putting themselves under their_ +Protection. _He calls the_ Mohawk _his_ Father, _and in Return +[Transcriber's Note: original has "Retnrn"] he is called a_ Son: _The_ +Mohawk _used him for his_ Ambassador _to the_ other _Nations: In Council +he is stiled_ Niharontaquoa, _or the_ great Tree.[4] + +[Footnote 4: A _Tree_ is their most frequent Emblem of _Peace_. To plant +a Tree whose Top may reach to the Sun, and its Branches may extend over +the whole Country, is a Phrase for a lasting Covenant of Peace.] + +3. _The_ Onontago's _were the next that joined, and of their own Accord +became_ Confederates; _they are therefore called by the_ Mohawks, +Brothers; _and by the_ Onoyders, Fathers, _because they had not been +forced into the Alliance as the_ Onoyders _were: He is called in +Council_ Sagochsaanagechteront, _i.e. the_ Arms, _or_ Names-bearer. + +4. _The_ Jenontowano's _or_ Sinikers _next joined in the_ Alliance _of +their own Consent; they are stiled by the_ Mohawks _and_ Onontago's, +Brothers, _and by the_ Onoyders, Fathers: _His Title in Council is_ +Onughkaarydaawy, _whose Signification is not known, and_ +Dyionenhookaraw, _i.e._ Open Doors for Friends and Enemies. + +5. _The_ Caiukquo's, _the last of the_ Five-Nation _Alliance, being +compelled thereto by the Rest, is_ Brother _to the_ Onoyders, _and_ Son +_to the_ others; _is stiled in Council_ Ganunawantoowano, _or the_ great +Pipe.[5] + +[Footnote 5: The _great Pipe_, or _Calumet_ of the _Indians_, resembles +the Olive-Branch of Antiquity, always a Badge of Peace.] + +6. Tuscarora's _joined in the_ Alliance _about thirty Years ago, being +compelled thereto by the_ English _of_ Carolina: _He is_ Brother _to +the_ Onoyders _and_ Cayukquo's, _and_ Son _to the_ others; _has no Title +in Council, but is frequently called a_ Fool. + + +_The_ Dependents _and_ Tributaries _of these Nations._ + +Mohickons, _who formerly lived on_ Hudson's _River, and in_ New-England; +_they have been conquer'd by the_ Five Nations, _their_ Breech-Cloth +_taken from them, and a_ Petticoat _put upon them. When they apply to +their Conquerors, they humbly call themselves_ Women: _The_ Five Nations +_call them by the same Name when they [Transcriber's Note: original has +"thy"] speak severely to 'em: At other times they call them_ Cousins, +_and are in Return called_ Uncles. + +Delawares _are in the same Condition as the_ Mohickons, _were dealt with +in like manner; and are Tributary in an_ Indian _Sense._[6] + +[Footnote 6: "All the Nations round them have for many Years entirely +submitted to them, (the _Five Nations_) and pay a Yearly Tribute in +_Wampum_: They dare neither make War nor Peace without the Consent of +the _Mohawks_. Two old Men commonly go about every Year or two to +receive this Tribute; and I have had Opportunity to observe what Anxiety +the poor _Indians_ were under, whilst the two old Men remained in that +Part of the Country where I was. An old _Mohawk Sachem_, in a poor +Blanket and a dirty Shirt, may be seen issuing his Orders with as +absolute Authority as a _Roman_ Dictator, or King of _France_." C. +COLDEN'S History.] + +Shawanese _are_ Brethren _to the_ Six Nations, _but are not in the_ +Confederacy: _Their Coming from the_ Spanish _Dominions is remember'd by +many now living. The_ Five Nations _gave them Lands on the West Branch +of_ Susquehanna, _and therefore claim a Superiority over them, for which +the_ Shawanese _mortally hate them. The greatest Part of 'em, a few +Years ago, went to settle on the River_ Ohio, _which is a Branch of the_ +Missisippi, _and heads with the West Branch of_ Susquehanna. _One Tribe +of them is quite gone down to_ New Spain; _there are a few left still +at_ Wyomink _on the North Branch of_ Susquehanna, _and others have a +large Town on an Island in the West Branch, about 50 Miles above the_ +Forks. _They are the most restless and mischievous of all the_ Indians. + +Conestogo Indians _have been all destroyed by the_ Five Nations, _except +a few whom the_ Onoyders _adopted: When these had forgot their Language, +they were sent back to_ Conestogo, _where a few are now left, and speak +the_ Onoyder's _Language._ + +Nantikooks _are in_ Alliance _with the_ Six Nations, _and not_ +Tributary; _acknowledging themselves to be shelter'd by their Wings: +They live within the Borders of_ Maryland, _a Few about_ Conestogo, _and +some have settled this_ Spring _at the Mouth of the River_ Skohooniaty +_or_ Jeniaty, _which is a Creek that falls into the_ Susquehanna _from +the West beyond the Mountains._ + +Tutolo's _originally lived in_ Virginia, _there are but Few of them; +they settled this_ Spring _at_ Shamokin, (_on the East Side of_ +Susquehanna, _just below the_ Forks) _and are intirely devoted to the_ +Six Nations. + + The several Nations of _Indians_ with whom the _Six Nations_ + or _Iroquois_ are in Alliance; according to the Information + given CONRAD WEISER, Esq; in open Council at _Turpehawkin_, at + their Return from the Treaty at _Philadelphia_ in _July_ 1742. + +1. _A Nation of_ Indians _living on the West Side of the Lake_ Erie, +_and along the Streights of_ Huron's _Lake. They are called by the_ +Iroquois, Unighkellyiakon; _consisting of about_ Thirty Towns, _each of +about 200 Fighting Men._ + +2. _The second Nation lives among the preceeding, called ---- consisting +of_ Four Towns _of their own People, and 400 able Men in all._ + +3. _The third Nation called by the_ Iroquois, Tshisagech Roanu,[7] +_lives on the East Side of the_ Huron's _Lake; several of the Council +have been there, and all agree they have_ Three large Towns _of 600, +800, and 1000 able Men._ + +[Footnote 7: _Roanu_ signifies _Nation_ or _People_, in the Language of +the _Six Nations_.] + +4. _The fourth, called_ Twightwis Roanu, Two large Towns, _and about 200 +Men in all, live at the Heads of_ Huakiky _River, near the little +Lakes._ + +5. Oskiakikas, _living on a Branch of_ Ohio, _that heads near the Lake_ +Erie, Four large Towns, _of about 1000 Warriours._ + +6. Oyachtawnuh Roanu, _near_ Black-River, _consisting of_ Four Towns, +_and 1000 Warriours._ + +7. Keghetawkegh Roanu, _upon the great River_ Missisippi, _above the +Mouth of_ Ohio: Three Towns; _the Number of People uncertain._ + +8. Kerhawguegh Roanu, _several Savage Nations, as their Names signify_, +(the People of the Wilderness) _live on the North Side of_ Huron's +_Lake; they neither plant Corn, nor any thing else, but live altogether +upon Flesh, Fish, Roots and Herbs; an infinite Number of People, of late +become Allies to the_ Iroquois. + +Thus far proceeds CONRAD WEISER'S Account. + +_The_ Six Nations, _as was observed above, border upon the Provinces of_ +Pensilvania _and_ New-York: _The Rest, which are mentioned as their_ +Dependents _and_ Allies, _lie near the_ French _Settlements, some +amidst, and some beyond them. The_ Wisdom _of the_ Chiefs _in this_ +Confederacy _hath gained them no less_ Reputation _than their_ Courage; +_which indeed has struck_ Terror _into the remotest_ Indian _Nations of +North_ America, _and forc'd them to court the Friendship and Protection +of such a formidable Power._ + +_The_ Moderation _and_ Equity _of the_ first _Proprietor of_ +Pensilvania, _gained the absolute Confidence and Affection of this_ +brave People: _They were convinced of his_ Tenderness _for them, and in +Return they have erected him lasting Monuments in their grateful Hearts: +They_ revere _this good Man's_ Memory, _and his Praises will only cease +with the Nations themselves._ + + _The following Clauses from a Collection of_ Charters, &c. + _printed at_ Philadelphia 1740, _are, amongst many others, + strong Proofs of the_ Proprietor's _equitable Regard to these + People._ + +"That no Man, _says he_, shall by any ways or means, in Word or Deed, +affront or wrong any _Indian_, but he shall incur the same Penalty of +the Law, as if he had committed it against his _fellow Planter_: And if +any _Indian_ shall abuse, in Word or Deed, any _Planter_ of this +_Province_, that he shall not be his own Judge upon the _Indian_, but he +shall make his Complaint to the _Governor_ of the _Province_, or his +_Lieutenant_ or _Deputy_, or some inferior _Magistrate_ near him, who +shall to the utmost of his Power, take Care with the KING of the said +_Indian_, that all reasonable Satisfaction be made to the said injured +_Planter_. + +"That all Differences between the _Planters_ and the _Natives_, shall +also be ended by _Twelve Men_, that is, by _Six Planters_ and _Six +Natives_, that so we may live friendly together, as much as in us lieth, +preventing all Occasions of Heart-burnings and Mischief." + +_A Conduct regulated by such Principles of_ Love _and_ Justice, _could +not fail to influence this discerning People, and biass them in Favour +of the_ ENGLISH; _a Continuance of the like Conduct must attach them +inviolably: And the present worthy_ Governor _and_ Council _seem so +sensible of the Necessity of cultivating a good Understanding with the_ +Six Nations, _as to be likely to omit no Opportunity of_ brightening the +Chain, _or_ increasing the Fire of Friendship _with them._ + +_The Confidence which these Nations repose in their_ Interpreter, _is a +Proof of his_ Industry, good Sense, _and_ Address: _Nothing could have +happened more favourably to the_ English _Settlements, than that those +delicate Affairs should be in the Hands of a Person equally just and a +Friend to both._ + +_The_ FRENCH _are perpetually labouring to_ debauch _their Faith to the_ +ENGLISH: _Their Emissaries, the Priests, an indefatigable, artful, +insinuating Race, are constantly labouring to gain Admittance amongst +them. They assume all Shapes, try every Spring; they magnify the Power +and Grandeur of_ FRANCE; _they study to render the_ ENGLISH _diminutive +and contemptible; they foment every little Occasion of Disgust, and +leave no Stone unturned to prejudice us in their Esteem._ + +_Hitherto the Honour of the_ Six Nations, _and the experienced good +Intentions and Probity of the_ ENGLISH, _have been a sufficient Barrier +against all their Intrigues: But it cannot be imprudent to countermine +the intended Mischief, by giving suitable Encouragement to proper +Persons, to converse with the_ Indians, _and study their Genius. An +open-hearted Generosity wins them effectually: The Temper of the_ +ENGLISH _is happily suited to this; and the additional Qualifications +of_ Integrity _and_ Prudence _must in Time pave the Way to an Ascendency +in their Councils, and by this Means the Subtilty of the_ FRENCH _would +be utterly defeated._ + +_One sees, in the following short Sketch of the Behaviour of the_ +Indians, _strong Traces of_ good Sense, _a_ nice Address _in the Conduct +of their Affairs, a_ noble Simplicity, _and that_ manly Fortitude _which +is the constant Companion of_ Integrity. _The Friendship of a Nation +like this, tho' under the Appellation of_ Savages _or_ Barbarians, _is +an Honour to the most civiliz'd People: I say nothing of the Advantage +which is derived from them by Commerce: And the_ FRENCH _well know, by +dear Experience, how terrible they are to their Enemies in War._ + +"When we speak of the _Five Nations_ in FRANCE, (_says an_ Author[8] _of +that Country_) they are thought, by common Mistake, to be meer +_Barbarians_, always thirsting after human Blood: But their true +Character is very different. They are the fiercest and most formidable +People in _North America_; at the same Time as _politick_ and +_judicious_, as well can be imagined: This appears from the Management +of the Affairs which they transact, not only with the FRENCH and +ENGLISH, but likewise with almost all the _Indians_ of this vast +Continent." + +[Footnote 8: DE LA POTERIE'S _History of_ North America, _in_ Dr. +COLDEN'S _History_, &c.] + + + + +THE + +TREATY, _&c._ + + +The Deputies of the Six Nations having, at their last Visit, agreed to +release their Claim to all the Land on both Sides of the River +_Susquehanna_, as far South as this Province extends, and to the +Northward to those called the _Endless Mountains_ or _Kittochtinny +Hills_; in Consideration whereof, they then received a large Quantity of +valuable _Indian_ Goods for the Lands situate on the Eastern Side of the +said River, but declined at that Time to receive any for those on the +Western Side of the said River, chusing to defer the same till another +Visit: A large Number arrived from these Nations at _Philadelphia_, on +_Wednesday_ the 30th of _June_, with Deputies duly impowered to receive +the said Goods; and acquainted the Governor, that being weary, from the +Fatigue of their long Journey, they should crave three or four Days to +rest themselves before they proceeded to their Business: In the mean +Time they would wait on the Governor to discourse, according to their +usual Method, about News and other Occurrences; which the Governor +readily agreed to, and ask'd them when they would chuse to pay their +first Visit; which they desiring might be on _Friday_ the 2d of _July_ +in the Afternoon; the Council was accordingly summon'd, and met at Mr. +_Logan's_ House, where were + +PRESENT, + +The Hon'ble GEORGE THOMAS, Esq; Lieut. Governor. + +_James Logan_, _Samuel Preston_, } +_Clement Plumsted_, _Thomas Lawrence_, } Esqrs; +_Samuel Hasell_, _Ralph Asheton_, } +_Abraham Taylor_, _Robert Strettell_, } + +The Chiefs of the SIX NATIONS, with the Chiefs of the SHAWANESE. + +CANASSATEEGO, the _Onondago_ Chief, Speaker. + +CONRAD WEISER, Interpreter. + +The Governor opened the Conference as follows. + +'_BRETHREN_, + +'The Proprietor having purchased certain Lands from your Nations about +Six Years ago, a Moiety of what was agreed to be given in Consideration +of that Purchase was at that Time delivered to them, and the other being +at their own Desire left in the Proprietor's Hands, He pressed you by +_Shikalamy_, to send last Year for it, and would have been glad to have +seen you and taken you by the Hand before his Departure. But as the +Design of this Meeting is to hear your News, and converse together in a +free and friendly Manner, I shall say no more about the Goods than that +they lye ready at the Proprietor's House, and will be delivered when you +shall have sufficiently rested from the Fatigue of your Journey.' + +The Chief of the _Onondagoes_ spoke, + +'_BRETHREN_, + +'We propose to rest four Days, and then come to the main Business. At +present we are at a private Conference about News, and have something of +this Sort to mention to our Brother ONAS.' And on the Governor's +signifying they would be glad to know what it was, the Chief proceeded. + +'_BRETHREN_, + +'It is our Way when we come to our Brethren, or any other Persons, whom +we live in strict Friendship with, to remove all Obstructions to a good +Understanding; with this View we are to inform you of a Piece of +disagreeable News that happen'd in our Journey.--Some White People +living at a Place called _Conegocheegoe_, whose Names we cannot tell, +nor whether they belong to this or the neighbouring Government, but one +of them, as we heard, had his House burnt over his Head some Years ago, +and he was brought down a Prisoner and committed to the Goal of this +City: These People lighting of our young Warriours, as they were +hunting, made some Proposals about the purchasing of Land from them, and +our young Men being indiscreet, and unacquainted with publick Business, +were foolish enough to hearken to them, and to receive five Duffil +Strowds for two Plantations on the River _Cohongoronto_. A _Conestogoe_ +Indian, and a _French_ Indian, and some others that were in Company had +three Duffil Strowds, and went away with them; and our young Men carried +off the other two. As soon as this came to our Knowledge, we sent for +our Warriours, and after examining and rebuking them severely, we took +away their two Strowds, and publickly censured them for exposing us to +our Brethren of _Pensilvania_, in doing a Thing so inconsistent with our +Engagements to them; _You are_, said we aloud, that all our People might +hear and take Notice, _to know and remember, that the Six Nations have +obliged themselves to sell none of the Land that falls within the +Province of_ Pensilvania _to any other but our Brother_ ONAS, _and that +to sell Lands to any other is an high Breach of the League of +Friendship_. Brethren, this rash Proceeding of our young Men makes us +ashamed. We always mean well, and shall perform faithfully what we have +promised: And we assure you, this Affair was transacted in the Manner we +have related, without our Privity or Consent. And that you may be fully +convinced of this, and of the Sincerity of our Intentions, we have +brought you these Two Strowds [_here he presented two Red Strowds to the +Governor_] they are the very Strowds our foolish young Men received; we +took them from them, and we give them to you to return to those white +People who made the Bargain, and desire when the Strowds are returned to +them, they may be told what we now say, and that we shall not confirm +such Bargains nor any other that may interfere with our Engagements to +our Brother ONAS.' + +The Governor then spoke: + +'_BRETHREN_, + +'I thank you for this Piece of News; you have taken this Matter +perfectly right. All Bargaining for Land within this Province, is, to be +sure, a manifest Breach of your Contract with the Proprietors, and what +we know you will not countenance. We have hitherto found the _Six +Nations_ faithful to their Engagements, and this is a fresh Instance of +their Punctuality. You could not help these Mistakes of your young Men; +they were not done in your Presence: But as several Inconveniencies may +arise from these kind of clandestine Sales, or from any such loose Sales +of Land by your People, we desire you will, on your Return home, give +publick Notice to all your Warriours not to bargain for any Land; or if +they do, that you will not confirm such Bargains; and that this very +Affair, together with what you have done therein, may be particularly +reported to all your Nation assembled in Council.' + +The _Onondago_ Chief promised to give such publick Notice; and desiring +Liberty to mend his former Speech, he proceeded: + +'_BRETHREN_, + +'I forgot one Circumstance: Our People who pretended to sell the Land, +demanded a Belt of _Wampum_ of the Buyers to carry to their Chiefs; and +on their declaring they had no _Wampum_, our Warriours said, they would +not answer that their Chiefs would confirm this Bargain, since they +never did any thing of this Nature without _Wampum_.' + +The Governor, after a short Pause, spoke: + +'_BRETHREN of the Six Nations_, + +'I shall take this Opportunity to relate to you a Piece of disagreeable +News I received some Days ago in a Letter from _Le Tort_ the Indian +Trader, at _Allegheny_, who says, _That in_ May _last some_ Indians _of +the_ Taway _Nation, supposed by us to be_ Twightwees, _in their Return +from War, called and stayed sometime with the_ Shawanese; _who being +asked, and denying they had brought either Scalps or Prisoners, the_ +Shawanese _suspecting them, had the Curiosity to search their Bags, and +finding two Scalps in them, that by the Softness of the Hair did not +feel like_ Indian _Scalps, they wash'd them clean, and found them to be +the Scalps of some_ Christians. _On this Discovery, the_ Twightwees _were +so much ashamed, that they stole away from their Town in the Night-time; +and coming, as they afterwards understood, to a little Village belonging +to the_ Shawanese, _they told our People that their Hearts were full of +Grief; for, as they came along the Road, they found it all bloody; and +having good Cause to believe it was made bloody with the Blood of some +of the White Brethren, they had very sorrowfully swept the Road; and +desired them to inform the Governor of_ Pensilvania _of their (the_ +Twightwees) _Grief; and how they had swept the Road clean.' Le Tort_ +adds, on Behalf of the _Shawanese, 'That they were much troubled and +grieved at this unfortunate Accident; and prayed as they had no Concern +in it, more than by being Instruments to discover it, their Brethren +would not blame them, nor suffer a Misunderstanding to arise between +them on this Account: They would sweep the Road clean, and wipe all the +Blood away; and desired their Brethren would be satisfied with this, and +not weep too much for a Misfortune that might not happen again as long +as the Sun and Moon shone.'_ + +'The Person who delivered me _Le Tort's_ Letter, brought this Bundle of +Skins as a Present to me; but I told the Messenger, I would not meddle +with it; he might leave it if he pleased: The Affair appear'd to me in +a bad Light, and I would represent it to the _Six Nations_, who were +expected in Town every Day. This is the Fact as I have it from _Le +Tort_: I desire to be inform'd if you know any thing of this Matter; and +if you do not, that you will make diligent Enquiry who committed the +Murder, and who are the unhappy Sufferers, and assist us to obtain +Satisfaction, if it shall appear to be any of our Fellow-Subjects that +have been treated in this Manner.' + + _To inforce this Request, I present you with this String of_ + Wampum. + +The _Onondago_ Chief, in Reply, said: + +'_BRETHREN_, + +'We take this Information kind at your Hands; we will take this String +of _Wampum_ home with us to our Lodgings, and there consult about the +most regular and proper Steps to be taken by us to answer your +Expectations; and when we have duly considered the Matter, we will +return you an Answer.' + +Upon this the Governor put an End to the Conference; and calling for +Wine and other Liquors, according to the _Indian_ Custom, after a decent +and chearful Entertainment, the _Indians_ withdrew. + + * * * * * + +At a COUNCIL held at the PROPRIETOR'S HOUSE, _July_ 5. 1742. + +PRESENT + +The Hon'ble GEORGE THOMAS Esq; Lieut. Governor. + +_James Logan_, } +_Clement Plumsted_, } Esqrs. + +With several Gentlemen of the Town, + +_The Chiefs of the Six Nations_ + +It being judg'd proper, at this critical Time, when we are in daily +Expectation of a _French_ War, to sound the _Indians_, and discover what +Dependence we might have on them, in case their Aid should be wanted; an +handsome Dinner was provided for their Chiefs; and after they had made +an hearty Meal, and drank his Majesty's Health, the Proprietor's, and +the Health of the _Six Nations_, the Chiefs gave the solemn Cry, in +Testimony of their Thanks, for the Honour done them. And soon after, the +Governor began, in a free Way, to enquire for what Reason the _Senecas_ +were not come down, since they had an equal Right to a Share of the +Goods with the other Nations.--_Canassateego_, their Speaker, said, 'The +_Senecas_ were in great Distress, on Account of a Famine that raged in +their Country, which had reduced them to such Want, that a Father had +been obliged to kill two of his Children to preserve his own and the +rest of his Family's Lives; and they could not now come down, but had +given Directions about their Share of the Goods.'--The Governor +express'd his Concern for the unhappy Circumstances of their Brethren of +the _Seneca_ Nation; and, after a short Respite, enquired if any of +their Deputies were then at _Canada_, and whether the _French_ Governor +was making any warlike Preparations? And on their answering, _Yes_; the +Governor said, with a smiling, pleasant Countenance, 'I suppose if the +_French_ should go to War with us, you will join them.' The _Indians_ +conferr'd together for some Time, and then _Canassateego_, in a chearful +lively Manner, made Answer.--'We assure you, the Governor of _Canada_ +pays our Nations great Court at this Time, well knowing of what +Consequence we are to the _French_ Interest: He has already told us, he +was uncovering the Hatchet and sharpening it, and hoped, if he should be +obliged to lift it up against the _English_, their Nations would remain +neuter and assist neither Side.--But we will now speak plainly to our +Brethren: Why should we, who are one Flesh with you, refuse to help you, +whenever you want our Assistance?--We have continued a long Time in the +strictest League of Amity and Friendship with you, and we shall always +be faithful and true to you our old and good Allies.--The Governor of +_Canada_ talks a great deal, but ten of his Words do not go so far as +one of yours.--We do not look towards them; We look towards you; and you +may depend on our Assistance.' Whilst the _Onondago_ Chief made this +open and hearty Declaration, all the other _Indians_ made frequently +that particular Kind of Noise which is known to be a Mark of +Approbation.--The Governor bid the Interpreter tell _Canassateego_, 'He +did not set on foot this Inquiry from any Suspicion he had of the _Six +Nations_ wanting a due Regard for the _English_.--Our Experience of +their Honour and Faith would not permit us to think any other of them +than that they would esteem our Friends their Friends, and our Enemies +their Enemies, agreeable to the strict Union which had ever subsisted +between us.--As to the Governor of _Canada_, they need not mind what he +said.--The _English_, on equal Terms, had beat the _French_, and could +beat them again: And were they but to consider the Advantages which the +_English_ have, by possessing so many large and populous Countries, and +so many good Ports on the Continent of _America_, they would soon see +who had most Reason to fear a War, the _French_ or the _English_.' + +Here the Conversation drop'd; and, after another Glass of Wine, the +_Indians_ resumed the Discourse, by asking, whether their Brethren had +not been for some Time engaged in a War with the King of _Spain_, and +what Successes they had met with? + +The Governor told them, the King of _Great Britain_ lived in an Island, +and being surrounded with the Sea, his chief Strength lay in his Ships; +in which he was so much superior to his Enemies, that they were seldom +to be met with on the broad Ocean, but sculk'd and hid themselves, only +venturing out now and then; and whenever they did, they were almost sure +to be taken; and that the King of _Great Britain_ had, with his Ships, +beat down or taken several of the _Spaniards_ Great Forts in +_America_.--The _Indians_ said, they were pleased to hear their Brethren +were an Over-match for their Enemies, and wish'd them good Success. + +The Governor then enquired into the State and Condition of the Nations +to the Westward of the Great Lakes, and whether they had any Warriours +then in those Countries? Whether they had concluded Peace with the +Southern _Indians_? And whether they had heard what their Deputies had +done at _Albany_? + +They made Answer: That they had always Abundance of their Men out +amongst the Nations situate to the West of their Lakes.--That they had +kindled a Fire with a vast many Nations, some whereof where Tributaries, +and they had a good Understanding with all.--They set out from their own +Country in Company with two Sets of Deputies, one going to hold a Treaty +with the Southern _Indians_, and they believed a Peace would be +concluded: The other going to meet the Governor of _New-York_, at +_Albany_; but they could not tell what had been done at either +Place.--On their Return, they were to hold a General Council, and would +inform their Brethren of these Particulars. + +Then the Governor put an End to the Conference, by telling the _Indians_ +the Goods would be delivered to them at a Council to be held to morrow +Afternoon at the Meeting-House. + + * * * * * + +At a COUNCIL held in the Meeting-House, _Philadelphia_, _July_ 6. 1742. + +PRESENT, + +The Hon'ble GEORGE THOMAS, Esq; Lieut. Governor. + +_James Logan_, _Samuel Preston_, } +_Clement Plumsted_, _Ralph Asheton_, } Esqrs; +_Abraham Taylor_, _Robert Strettell_, } + +CANASSATEEGO, Chief of the _Onondagoes_, Speaker, + +SHICALAMY; and a great Number of _Indians_, + +whose Names are as follow, _viz._ + +ONONTAGOES. + +_Sawegaty_, } +_Caxhayion_, } Counsellors. +_Saguyassatha_, +_Kayadoghratie_, alias _Slanaghquasy_. +_Rotier-uwughton_, +_Tokaughaah_, +_Tiorughwaghthe_, +_Tokano-ungoh_, +_Aronty-oony_, +_Tohanohawighton_, +_Tioghwatoony_, +_Auughrahysey_. + +CAIYOUQUOS. + +_Sahugh-sowa_, } +_Tohatgaghthus_, } Chiefs. +_Tokany-esus_, +_Runho-hihio_, +_Kanadoghary_, +_Zior-aghquaty_, +_Sagu-iughwatha_, alias _Cadcaradasey_. +_Sca-yenties_, +_Tats-heghteh_, +_Alligh-waheis_, +_Tayo-quario_, +_Hogh degh runtu_, +_Rotehn Haghtyackon_, Captain, +_Sawoalieselhohaa_, +_Sagughsa-eck_, +_Uwantakeraa_, +_Horuhot_, +_Osoghquaa_, +_Tuyanoegon_. + +ANOYIUTS _or_ ONEIDAS. + +_Saristaquoh_, } +_Ungquaterughiathe_, alias _Shikelimo_, } Chiefs. +_Tottowakerha_, +_Taraghkoerus_, +_Onughkallydawwy_, a noted young Chief. +_Onughnaxqua_, Chief. +_Tawyiakaarat_, +_Tohathuyongochtha_, +_Sughnakaarat_, +_Taghneghdoerus_, +_Tokanyiadaroeyon_, +_Sagogughyatha_, +_Rahehius_, +_Tokanusoegon_. + +JENONTOWANOS _or_ SENACAS. + +_Karugh-iagh Raghquy_, Capt. +_Tahn heentus_, +_Onontyiack_. + +TUSCARROROS. + +_Sawontka_, } +_Ti-ieroes_, } Chiefs. +_Cloghsytowax_ } +_Tokaryhoegon_, Captain. +_Oghioghseh_, +_Tieleghweghson_, +_Tougrotha_, +_Yorughianego_, +_Ot-quehig_, +_Squaghky_, +_Sayadyio_, +_Onughsowughton_, +_Cherigh wastho_, +_Aghsunteries_, +_Tion ogh scoghtha_, +_Saligh wanaghson_, +_Ohn-waasey_, +_Tocar-eber_, [died since at _Tulpehokin_.] +_Tahanatakqua_, +_Kanyhaag_. + +SHAWANOES. + +_Wehwehlaky_, Chief. +_Aset teywa_, +_Asoghqua_, +_Maya minickysy_, +_Wawyia Beeseny_. + +Canestogo _Indians that speak the_ Onayiut's _Language_. + +_Tior Haasery_, Chief. +_Tanigh wackerau_, +_Karha Cawyiat_, +_Kayen quily quo_. + +CANOYIAS _or_ NANTIKOKES _of_ Canestogo. + +_Des-seheg_, +_Ichqua que heck_, +_Quesamaag_, +_Ayiok-ius_. + +DELAWARES _of_ Shamokin. + +_Olumapies_, } +_Lingehancah_, } Chiefs. +_Kelly macquan_, +_Quitie-yquont_, +_Pishquiton_, +_Nena chy haut_. + +DELAWARES _from the_ Forks + +_Onutpe_, } +_Lawye quohwon_ alias _Nutimus_, } Chiefs. +_Toweghkappy_, +_Cornelius Spring_, and others. + +CONRAD WEISER, +CORNELIUS SPRING, +_Interpreters_. + +And a great Number of the +Inhabitants of _Philadelphia_. + +The Governor, having commanded Silence, spoke as follows: + +_Friends and Brethren of the Six Nations_, + +'Six Years ago a Number of your Chiefs obliged us with a Visit, when +they agreed, on Behalf of your Nations, to the Release of certain Lands +on both Sides the River _Susquehanna_, to the Southward of the +_Endless-Mountains_, and within the Limits and Bounds of the King's +Grant of this Province. In Consideration of which, a certain Quantity of +Goods was agreed on and delivered as a full Satisfaction for the said +Lands lying on the Eastern Side of the said River: And for the Lands on +the Western Side of the said River, you desired the Payment should be +deferr'd till another Opportunity. These Goods, which are exactly the +same in Quantity as those you received the last Time the Chiefs of your +Nations were here, have been ready a considerable Time, and kept in +Expectation of your Coming for them: And now you are come down fully +impowered by your respective Councils to receive them, we are well +pleased to deliver them: Leaving it to you to make a fair and equal +Division of them amongst yourselves. We are sorry for the Absence of our +Brethren the _Senecas_, and much more so that it should be owing to +their Distress at Home by a Famine that rages in their Country:--A +Famine so great, that you tell us a Father has been obliged to sacrifice +one Part of his Family, even his own Children, for the Support and +Preservation of himself and the other Part.--We heartily commiserate +their Condition, and do not doubt but you will do them fair and ample +Justice in the Disposal of their Part of the Goods in such Manner as +they have instructed you. You shall now hear the List of the Goods read +to you.' + +Here, by the Governor's Order, the List of the Goods was read over, +_viz._ + + 500 _Pounds of Powder_. + 600 _Pounds of Lead_. + 45 _Guns_. + 60 _Strowd-Matchcoats_. + 100 _Blankets_. + 100 _Duffil Matchcoats_. + 200 _Yards Half-thick_. + 100 _Shirts_. + 40 _Hats_. + 40 _Pair of Shoes & Buckles_. + 40 _Pair of Stockings_. + 100 _Hatchets_. + 500 _Knives_. + 100 _Hoes_. + 60 _Kettles_. + 100 _Tobacco-Tongs_. + 100 _Scissars_. + 500 _Awl-Blades_. + 120 _Combs_. +2000 _Needles_. +1000 _Flints_. + 24 _Looking-Glasses_. + 2 _Pounds of Vermilion_. + 100 _Tin Pots_. +1000 _Tobacco-Pipes_. + 200 _Pounds of Tobacco_. + 24 _Dozen of Gartering, &_ + 25 _Gallons of Rum_. + +Then the Governor told them that the Goods, of which the Particulars had +been just Read to them, were in the Meeting-House, and would be sent to +whatever Place they would direct. + +The Governor then proceeded: + +'_BRETHREN_, + +'You have often heard of the Care that your great and good Friend and +Brother _William Penn_ took at all Times to cultivate a perfect good +Harmony with all the _Indians_: Of this your Nations have ever been +fully sensible; but more especially a Number of your Chiefs, about ten +Years ago, when, on the Arrival of a Son of your said great Friend +_William Penn_, large and valuable Presents were exchanged by us with +you; a new Road was made and clear'd; a new Fire kindled; and the Chain +of Friendship made stronger, so as to last while the Sun and Moon +endure. + +'And now we cannot but congratulate ourselves that your Coming should +happen at a Time when we are in daily Expectation of a War being +declared between the King of _England_, and the _French_ King, well +knowing, that should such a War happen, it must very sensibly affect +you, considering your Situation in the Neighbourhood of _Canada_. Your +Coming at this Juncture is particularly fortunate, since it gives us an +Opportunity of mentioning several Things that may be necessary to be +settled between People so strictly and closely united as we are.--An +Union not to be express'd by any thing less than the affectionate +Regards which Children of the same Parents bear for each other, as +conceiving ourselves to be one Flesh and one People. + +'The utmost Care therefore ought mutually to be taken by us on both +Sides, that the Road between us be kept perfectly clear and open, and no +Lets, nor the least Obstruction be suffered to lie in the Way; or if any +should by Accident be found, that may hinder our free Intercourse and +Correspondence, it must forthwith be removed. + + _To inforce this, We lay down a String of_ Wampum. + +'In next Place, We, on our Part, shall inlarge our Fire that burns +between us. We shall provide more Fewel to increase it and make it burn +brighter and clearer, and give a stronger and more lasting Light and +Warmth. + + _In Evidence of our sincere Intentions, We lay down this Belt + of_ Wampum. + +'In the last Place, considering the Obligations we are mutually under by +our several Treaties, _That we should hear with our Ears for you, and +you hear with your Ears for us_. We shall at all Times very willingly +give you the earliest and best Intelligence of any Designs that may be +form'd to your Disadvantage.--And if you discover any Preparations that +can hurt us, we desire you will immediately dispatch some suitable +Person in whom we can place a Confidence, to give us a proper +Information.' + + _To inforce this Request, as well as to brighten the Chain, we + lay down this other Belt of_ Wampum. + +On the Governor's concluding the Speech, the solemn Cry, by way of +Approbation, was repeated by the _Indians_, as many Times as there were +Nations present; and then _Canassateego_ rose up and spoke. + +'_BRETHREN_, [Transcriber's Note: original has "BRRTHREN"] + +'We thank you for your kind Speech: What you have said is very agreeable +to us; and to-morrow when we have deliberated on the several Matters +recommended to us, we will give you our Answer. We desire, as our Time +will be wholly taken up in Council, you will order the Goods to be +carried back to the Proprietaries to prevent their being lost, and that +they may continue there till we call for them.' + + * * * * * + +At a COUNCIL held in the Meeting-House, _July_ 7. 1742. + +PRESENT, + +The Hon'ble GEORGE THOMAS, Esq; Lieut. Governor. + +_James Logan, Samuel Preston,_ } +_Thomas Lawrence, Samuel Hasell,_ } Esqrs; +_Abraham Taylor, Robert Strettell,_ } + +CANASSATEEGO'S Speech on Behalf of the _Six Nations_. + +'_BRETHREN, the Governor and Council, and all present_, + +According to our Promise we now propose to return you an Answer to the +several Things mentioned to us Yesterday, and shall beg Leave to speak +to publick Affairs first, tho' they were what you spoke to last. On this +Head you Yesterday put us in Mind, first, _Of_ William Penn's _early and +constant Care to cultivate Friendship with all the_ Indians; _of the +Treaty we held with one of his Sons, about Ten Years ago; and of the +Necessity there is at this Time of keeping the Roads between us clear +and free from all Obstructions._ We are all very sensible of the kind +Regard that good Man _William Penn_ had for all the _Indians_, and +cannot but be pleased to find that his Children have the same. We well +remember the Treaty you mention held with his Son on his Arrival here, +by which we confirmed our League of Friendship that is to last as long +as the Sun and Moon endure: In Consequence of this, We, on our Part, +shall preserve the Road free from all Incumbrances: in Confirmation +whereof, we lay down this String of _Wampum_. + +'You in the next Place said, _You would inlarge the Fire and make it +burn brighter_, which we are pleased to hear you mention; and assure +you, we shall do the same, by adding to it more Fewel, that it may still +flame out more strongly than ever: In the last Place, you were pleased +to say, _that we are bound, by the strictest Leagues, to watch for each +others Preservation; that we should hear with our Ears for you, and you +hear with your Ears for us_: This is equally agreeable to us; and we +shall not fail to give you early Intelligence whenever any Thing of +Consequence comes to our Knowledge: And to encourage you to do the same, +and to nourish in your Hearts what you have spoke to us with your +Tongues, about the Renewal of our Amity and the Brightening of the Chain +of Friendship; we confirm what we have said with another Belt of +_Wampum_.' + +'_BRETHREN_, + +We received [Transcriber's Note: original has "rececived"] from the +Proprietor's, yesterday, some Goods in Consideration of our Release of +the Lands on the West-Side of _Susquehanna_: It is true we have the full +Quantity according to Agreement; but if the Proprietor had been here +himself, we think, in Regard of our Numbers and Poverty, he would have +made an Addition to them.--If the Goods were only to be divided amongst +the _Indians_ present, a single Person would have but a small Portion; +but if you consider what Numbers are left behind, equally intituled with +us to a Share, there will be extreamly little. We therefore desire, if +you have the Keys of the Proprietor's Chest, you will open it, and take +out a little more for us. + +'We know our Lands are now become more valuable: The white People think +we do not know their Value; but we are sensible that the Land is +everlasting, and the few Goods we receive for it are soon worn out and +gone. For the Future we will sell no Lands but when Brother ONAS is in +the Country; and we will know beforehand the Quantity of the Goods we +are to receive. Besides, we are not well used with Respect to the Lands +still unsold by us. Your People daily settle on these Lands, and spoil +our Hunting.--We must insist on your Removing them, as you know they +have no Right to settle to the Northward of _Kittochtinny-Hills_.--In +particular, we renew our Complaints against some People who are settled +at _Juniata_, a Branch of _Susquehanna_, and all along the Banks of that +River, as far as _Mahaniay_; and desire they may be forthwith made to go +off the Land; for they do great Damage to our Cousins the _Delawares_. + +'We have further to observe, with Respect to the Lands lying on the West +Side of _Susquehanna_, that tho' Brother ONAS (meaning the Proprietor) +has paid us for what his People possess, yet some Parts of that Country +have been taken up by Persons whose Place of Residence is to the South +of this Province, from whom we have never received any Consideration. +This Affair was recommended to you by our Chiefs at our last Treaty; and +you then, at our earnest Desire, promised to write a Letter to that +Person who has the Authority over those People, and to procure us his +Answer: As we have never heard from you on this Head, we want to know +what you have done in it. If you have not done any thing, we now renew +our Request, and desire you will inform the Person whose People are +seated on our Lands, that that Country belongs to us, in Right of +Conquest; we having bought it with our Blood, and taken it from our +Enemies in fair War; and we expect, as Owners of that Land, to receive +such a Consideration for it as the Land is worth. We desire you will +press him to send us a positive Answer: Let him say _Yes_ or _No_: If he +says _Yes_, we will treat with him; if _No_, we are able to do +ourselves Justice; and we will do it, by going to take Payment +ourselves. + +'It is Customary with us to make a Present of Skins whenever we renew +our Treaties. We are ashamed to offer our Brethren so few; but your +Horses and Cows have eat the Grass our Deer used to feed on. This has +made them scarce, and will, we hope, plead in Excuse for not bringing a +larger Quantity: If we could have spared more, we would have given more; +but we are really poor; and desire you'll not consider the Quantity, +but, few as they are, accept them in Testimony of our Regard.' + + _Here they gave the Governor a Bundle of Skins._ + +The Governor immediately replied: + +'_BRETHREN_, + +We thank you for the many Declarations of Respect: you have given us in +this solemn Renewal of our Treaties: We receive, and shall keep your +String and Belts of _Wampum_, as Pledges of your Sincerity, and desire +those we gave you may be carefully preserved, as Testimonies of ours. + +'In Answer to what you say about the Proprietaries.--They are all +absent, and have taken the Keys of their Chest along with them; so that +we cannot, on their Behalf, enlarge the Quantity of Goods: Were they +here, they might, perhaps, be more generous; but we cannot be liberal +for them.--The Government will, however, take your Request into +Consideration, and, in Regard to your Poverty, may perhaps, make you a +Present. I but just mention this now, intending to refer this Part of +your Speech to be answered at our next Meeting. + +'The Number of Guns, as well as every Thing else, answers exactly with +the Particulars specified in your Deed of Conveyance, which is more +than was agreed to be given you. It was your own Sentiments, that the +Lands on the West Side of _Susquehanna_ were not so Valuable as those on +the East; and an Abatement was to be made, proportionable to the +Difference in Value: But the Proprietor overlooked this, and ordered the +full Quantity to be delivered, which you will look on as a Favour. + +'It is very true, that Lands are of late become more Valuable; but what +raises their Value? Is it not entirely owing to the Industry and Labour +used by the white People in their Cultivation and Improvement? Had not +they come amongst you, these Lands would have been of no Use to you, any +further than to maintain you. And is there not, now you have sold so +much, enough left for all the Purposes of Living?--What you say of the +Goods, that they are soon worn out, is applicable to every Thing; but +you know very well, that they cost a great deal of Money; and the Value +of Land is no more than it is worth in Money. + +'On your former Complaints against People's Settling the Lands on +_Juniata_, and from thence all along on the River _Susquehanna_ as far +as _Mahaniahy_, some Magistrates were sent expresly to remove them; and +we thought no Persons would presume to stay after that. + +Here they interrupted the Governor, and said:--'_These Persons who were +sent did not do their Duty: So far from removing the People, they made +Surveys for themselves, and they are in League with the Trespassers. We +desire more effectual Methods may be used and honester Persons +imploy'd._' + +Which the Governor promised, and then proceeded: + +'_BRETHREN_, + +According to the Promise made at our last Treaty with you, Mr. _Logan_, +who was at that Time President, did write to the Governor of _Maryland_, +that he might make you Satisfaction for such of your Lands as his People +had taken up; but did not receive one Word from him upon that Head. I +will write to him again, and endeavour to procure you a Satisfactory +Answer. We do not doubt but he will do you Justice: But we exhort you to +be careful not to exercise any Acts of Violence towards his People, as +they likewise are our Brethren, and Subjects of the same Great King; and +therefore Violence towards them must be productive of very evil +Consequences. + +'I shall conclude what I have to say at this Time with Acknowledgments +for your Present; which is very agreeable to us, from the Expressions of +Regard used by you in presenting it: Gifts of this Nature receiving +their Value from the Affection of the Giver, and not from the Quantity +or Price of the Thing given.' + + * * * * * + +At a COUNCIL held at _Philadelphia_, _July_ 8. 1742. + +PRESENT + +The Hon'ble GEORGE THOMAS Esq; Lieut. Governor. + +_James Logan_, _Samuel Preston_, } +_Clement Plumsted_, _Thomas Lawrence_, } Esqrs; +_Samuel Hasell_, _Ralph Asheton_, } +_Abraham Taylor_, _Robert Strettell_, } + +The Board taking into Consideration, whether it be proper or not at this +Time, to make a Present to the _Indians_ of the _Six Nations_, now in +Town, in Return for their Present to this Government at Yesterday's +Treaty: + +_Resolved_, + +That it is highly fit and proper that a Present be made to the said +_Indians_ at this Time. + +And it is the Opinion of this Board, that the said Present should be of +the Value of L.500, or at least L.300. + +And it is recommended to Mr. _Logan_, Mr. _Preston_, and Mr. _Lawrence_, +to acquaint Mr. _Kinsey_, the Speaker of the Assembly, with the Opinion +of this Board; and that they request him to confer with such other +Members of Assembly as are in Town, and report their Sentiments +thereupon. + +The Board taking into Consideration the Threats express'd by the +_Indians_, at the Treaty Yesterday, against the Inhabitants of +_Maryland_, settled on certain Lands on the West Side of _Susquehanna_, +which the _Indians_ claim, and for which they require Satisfaction; and +considering, that should those Threats, in any sort, be put in +Execution, not only the Inhabitants of _Maryland_, but of this +Government, and all his Majesty's Subjects on the Northern Continent of +_America_, may thereby be involved in much Trouble: It is the Opinion of +this Board, that the Governor write to the Governor of _Maryland_ +without Delay, to inform him of the _Indians_ Complaints and Threats, +and to request a satisfactory Answer; and that his Letter be sent by a +special Messenger, at the Publick Expence. + + * * * * * + +At a COUNCIL held _July_ 9. 1742. + +PRESENT, + +The Hon'ble GEORGE THOMAS Esq; Lieut. Governor. + +_James Logan_, _Samuel Preston_, } +_Clement Plumsted_, _Ralph Asheton_, } Esqrs; +_Samuel Hasell_, _Thomas Lawrence_, } +_Robert Strettell_, } + +And Mr. _Peters_. + +The Governor informed the Board, that the _Indian_ Chiefs dining with +him Yesterday, after Dinner delivered their Answer to two Affairs of +Consequence: + +The first related to the violent Battery committed on _William Webb_, in +the Forks of _Delaware_, whereby his Jaw-bone was broke, and his Life +greatly endangered, by an unknown _Indian_. _Canassateego_ repeating the +Message delivered to the _Six Nations_ by _Shickalamy_, in the Year +1740, with a String of _Wampum_, said in Answer: 'The _Six Nations_ had +made diligent Enquiry into the Affair, and had found out the _Indian_ +who had committed the Fact; he lived near _Asopus_, and had been +examined and severely reproved: And they hoped as _William Webb_ was +recovered, the Governor would not expect any further Punishment; and +therefore they returned the String of _Wampum_ received from their +Brethren, by the Hand of _Shickalamy_, in Token that they had fully +Comply'd with their Request.' + +I thank'd them for their Care; but reminded them, that tho' the Man did +not die, yet he lay a long Time in extreme Misery, and would never +recover the free Use of his Speech, and was rendred less able to get his +Livelyhood, and in such Cases the _English_ Laws obliged the Assailant +to make good all Damages, besides paying, for the Pain endured.--But as +the _Indian_ was, in all Probability, Poor and unable to make +Satisfaction, I told them, that for their Sake I would forgive him; +adding, had _Webb_ died I make no Doubt but you would have put the +_Indian_ to Death, just as we did two of our People who had killed an +_Indian_; we caused them to be hung on a Gallows, in the Presence of +many Hundreds of our People, to deter all others from doing the like. +_Canassateego_ made me this Reply: 'The _Indians_ know no Punishment but +Death; they have no such Thing as pecuniary Mulcts; if a Man be guilty +of a Crime, he is either put to Death, or the Fault is overlook'd. We +have often heard of your Hanging-up those two Persons; but as none of +our _Indians_ saw the Men die, many believe they were not hanged, but +transported to some other Colony: And it would be satisfactory to the +_Indians_, if, for the Future, some of them be sent for, to be +Witnesses to such Executions.' I assured them, that whoever gave them +that Information, abused them; for the Persons certainly suffered Death, +and in the Presence of all the People. + +_Canassateego_ then proceeded to give an Answer to what was said to them +the 2d Instant, relating to _Le Tort_'s Letter: 'That they had, in +Council, considered in what Manner the Matter recommended to them ought +to be conducted; and they were of Opinion, that as the _Shawanese_, not +the _Twightwys_, (for they knew so much of it that the People were of +the _Twightwy_ Nation in whose Bags the Scalps were found) had sent me a +Present of Skins, I should, in Return, send them a Blanket or a Kettle, +and with it a very sharp Message, that tho' they had done well in +sweeping the Road from Blood, yet that was but a small Part of their +Duty; they ought not to have suffered the _Twightwys_, after their Lye, +and the Discovery of the Scalps, to have left them, 'till they had given +a full and true Account how they came by them, whose Scalps they were, +and in what Place, and for what Reason the Men were kill'd; and when +they had been fully satisfied of all these Particulars, then it was +their Duty to have given Information to the Government where the white +People lived, that the Murderers might be complained against, and +punished by the Nation they belong'd to: And as the _Shawanese_ had +omitted to perform the Part of Brethren, that I should reprove them for +it, and charge them to make amends for their Neglect, by using all +possible Expedition to come at the Knowledge of these Things, and to aid +their Brethren the white People in obtaining Justice.' + +The Minutes of the Preceding Council being read, Mr. _Logan_, in +Pursuance of the Board's Direction of Yesterday, reported, on Behalf of +himself and the other Gentlemen to whom it was recommended, that they +had confer'd with Mr. _Kinsey_, and requested him to consult the other +Members of the Assembly concerning the making a Present to the +_Indians_; and that Mr. _Kinsey_ having collected the Sentiments of +several Members of the Assembly in Town, whom he had confer'd with on +that Subject, found them generally of Opinion, that a Present should at +this Time be made; but that they had declined nominating any Sum: +However, that Mr. _Kinsey_ had given it as his own Opinion, that the +Governor and Council might go as far as _Three Hundred Pounds_. + +And accordingly it is refer'd to Mr. _Logan_, Mr. _Preston_, and Mr. +_Lawrence_, to consider of and prepare a proper List of the Goods +whereof the Present should be composed, to the Value of _Three Hundred +Pounds_ as aforesaid; advising with the Interpreter as to the Quantity +and Quality. + + * * * * * + +At a COUNCIL held at the Proprietor's the 9th of _July_, _P.M._ 1742. + +PRESENT, + +The Hon'ble GEORGE THOMAS, Esq; Lieut. Governor. + +_James Logan_, _Robert Strettell_, } +_Samuel Preston_, _Abraham Taylor_, } Esqrs. + +The CHIEFS of the _Six Nations_. + +_SASSOONAN_, and _Delawares_. + +_NUTIMUS_, and the _Fork-Indians_. + +_CONRAD WEISER_, Interpreter. + +The Governor spoke to the Chiefs of the _Six Nations_ as follows: + +'_BRETHREN_, [Transcriber's Note: original has "BRRTHREN"] + +The last Time the Chiefs of the _Six Nations_ were here, they were +informed, that your Cousins, a Branch of the _Delawares_, gave this +Province some Disturbance about the Lands the Proprietor purchased from +them, and for which their Ancestors had received a valuable +Consideration above _Fifty-five_ Years ago, as appears by a Deed now +lying on the Table.--Sometime after this, _Conrad Weiser_ delivered to +your Brother _Thomas Penn_ your Letter, wherein you request of him and +_James Logan_ that they would not buy Land, _&c._--This has been shewn +to them and interpreted; notwithstanding which they have continued their +former Disturbances, and have had the Insolence to write Letters to some +of the Magistrates of this Government, wherein they have abused your +good Brethren our worthy Proprietaries, and treated them with the utmost +Rudeness and Ill-Manners. Being loth, from our Regard to you, to punish +them as they deserve, I sent two Messengers to inform them that you were +expected here, and should be acquainted with their Behaviour.--As you, +on all Occasions, apply to us to remove all white People that are +settled on Lands before they are purchased from you, and we do our +Endeavours to turn such People off; we now expect from you, that you +will cause these _Indians_ to remove from the Lands in the Forks of +_Delaware_, and not give any further Disturbance to the Persons who are +now in Possession.' + + _To inforce this we lay down a String of_ Wampum. + +Then were read the several Conveyances, the Paragraph of the Letter +wrote by the Chiefs of the _Six Nations_ relating to the _Delawares_, +the Letters of the _Fork-Indians_ to the Governor and Mr. _Langhorne_, +and a Draught of the Land; and then delivered to _Conrad Weiser_, who +was desired to interpret them to the Chiefs when they should take this +Affair into their Consideration. + + * * * * * + +At a COUNCIL held _July_ 10, 1742. + +PRESENT, + +The Hon'ble GEORGE THOMAS Esq; Lieut. Governor. + +_James Logan_, _Samuel Preston_, } +_Clement Plumsted_, _Samuel Hasell_, } Esqrs; +_Thomas Lawrence_, _Robert Strettell_, } +_Abraham Taylor_, } + +The Governor laid before the Board an Extract from the Treaty held here +the 7th Instant with the _Indians_ of the _Six Nations_, so far as it +related to the Inhabitants of _Maryland_; as also a Letter he had +prepared for the Governor of _Maryland_ upon that Subject; both of which +being approved, were ordered to be transcribed fair, in order to be +dispatch'd to morrow Morning: The Letter is as follows: + +_Philadelphia, July_ 10, 1742. + +_SIR_, + +_The inclosed Extract of the Speech made by the Chiefs of the_ Six +Nations, _before a very numerous Audience, in this Place, with my Answer +to it, is of so great Importance to all his Majesty's Colonies in this +Part of his Dominions, and to your Government in particular, that I have +imploy'd a special Messenger to deliver it you. I hope you will enable +me to send them a satisfactory Answer. It would be impertinent in me to +say more to one so well informed as you are of these Nations, and of +their absolute Authority over all the_ Indians _bordering upon us, or of +the Advantages of maintaining a strict Friendship with them at all +Times, but more especially at this critical Juncture._ + +I am, + +Yours, _&c._ + +An Account exhibited by _Conrad Weiser_ of his Expences upon the +_Indians_ and _Indian_ Affairs, from _February_ last to _July_ 1. 1742, +amounting to L.36 18_s._ 3_d._ was laid before the Board, and examined, +and allowed to be a just and very moderate Account. + +And the Board taking into Consideration the many signal Services +perform'd by the said _Conrad Weiser_ to this Government, his Diligence +and Labour in the Service thereof, and his Skill in the _Indian_ +Languages and Methods of Business, are of Opinion that the said _Conrad_ +should be allowed, as a Reward from the Province at this Time, the Sum +of _Thirty Pounds_, at least, besides Payment of his said Account. + + * * * * * + +At a COUNCIL held at the Great Meeting-House, _July_ 10, _P.M._ 1742. + +PRESENT, + +The Hon'ble GEORGE THOMAS Esq; Lieut. Governor. + +_James Logan_, _Samuel Preston_, } +_Thomas Lawrence_, _Samuel Hasell_, } Esqrs; +_Abraham Taylor_, _Robert Strettell_, } + +_CANASSATEEGO_, } +_SHICKALAMY_, } And other _Indian_ Chiefs. + +CONRAD WEISER, Interpreter, + +And a great Number of the Inhabitants of _Philadelphia_. + +The Governor spoke to the _Indians_ as follows. + +'_BRETHREN_, + +This Meeting will be short: It is in order to make you a Present from +the Governor, the Council, the Assembly, and all our People. _William +Penn_ was known to you to be a good and faithful Friend to all the +_Indians_: He made a League of Friendship with you, by which we became +one People. This League has often since been renew'd by friendly +Treaties; and as you have declared that the Friendship shall always last +on your Parts, so we would have you believe that it shall remain +inviolable on ours while Sun and Moon endure. + +'I gave you some Expectation of a Present, and we have it now ready to +deliver to you. This Present is made you by the Governor, Council, +Assembly, and all our People, in Consideration of the great Miseries and +Distresses which you our good Friends have lately suffered. This will be +some Relief to you for the present, and 'tis to be hoped your own +Industry will soon retrieve your Circumstances. + +'It has sometimes hapened, and may happen again, that idle and untrue +Stories are carried to you concerning us your Brethren; but our Desire +is, and we expect it from you, that you will give no Credit to them; for +we are, and always will be, your steady and sincere Friends. + +'It is a Custom when we renew our Treaties with our good Friends the +_Indians_, to clear the Road and make our Fire burn bright: We have done +so upon this Occasion; and, in Token of our Sincerity, we deliver you, +as a Present from the Governor, the Council, the Assembly, and all the +People of _Pensilvania_, the following Goods, _viz._ + + 24 _Guns_, + 600 _Pounds of Lead_, + 600 _Pounds of Powder_, + 25 _Strowdes_ } + 90 _Duffel_ } _Match-Coats_. + 30 _Blankets_, + 62 _Yards of Half-Thicks_. + 60 _Ruffled Shirts_, + 25 _Hats_, +1000 _Flints_, + 50 _Hoes_, + 50 _Hatchets_, + 5 _Pounds of Vermilion_, + 10 _Dozen of Knives_, + 8 _Dozen of Gimblets_, + 2 _Dozen of Tobacco-Tongs_, + 25 _Pair of Shoes_, + 25 _Pair of Stockings_, + 25 _Pair of Buckles_. + +Whereupon the Chiefs and all the _Indians_, returned their solemn +Thanks; and _Canassateego_ said, 'They had no more to say as to publick +Business at present; but they had somewhat under Deliberation, which +when they had duly considered they would communicate.' + + * * * * * + +At a COUNCIL held at the PROPRIETOR'S, _July_ 12, 1742. + +PRESENT, + +The Hon'ble GEORGE THOMAS Esq; Lieut. Governor. + +_James Logan_, _Clement Plumsted_, } +_Thomas Lawrence_, _Abraham Taylor_, } Esqrs; +_Robert Strettell_, } + +Mr. _Richard Peters_. + +_CANASSATEEGO_, } And sundry Chiefs of the +_SHICKALAMY_, } SIX NATIONS. + +_SASSOONAN_, and _Delawares_. + +_NUTIMUS_, and _Fork-Indians_. + +_CONRAD WEISER_, Interpreter. + +_Pisquetoman_, } +_Cornelius Spring_, } Interpreters to the _Fork Indians_. +_Nicholas Scull_, } + +_CANASSATEEGO_ said: + +'_BRETHREN the Governor and Council_, + +The other Day you informed us of the Misbehaviour of our Cousins the +_Delawares_, with Respect to their continuing to claim, and refusing to +remove from some Land on the River _Delaware_, notwithstanding their +Ancestors had sold it by a Deed, under their Hands and Seals, to the +Proprietaries, for a Valuable Consideration, upwards of _Fifty_ Years +ago; and notwithstanding that they themselves had about ---- Years ago, +after a long and full Examination, ratified that Deed of their +Ancestors, and given a fresh one under their Hands and Seals; and then +you requested us to remove them, inforcing your Request with a String of +_Wampum_.--Afterwards you laid on the Table our own Letters by _Conrad +Weiser_, some of our Cousins Letters, and the several Writings, to prove +the Charge against our Cousins, with a Draught of the Land in +Dispute.--We now tell you, we have perused all these several Papers: We +see with our own Eyes, that they have been a very unruly People, and are +altogether in the Wrong in their Dealings with you.--We have concluded +to remove them, and oblige them to go over the River _Delaware_, and +quit all Claim to any Lands on this Side for the Future, since they have +received Pay for them, and it is gone thro' their Guts long ago.--To +confirm to you that we will see your Request executed, we lay down this +String of _Wampum_ in Return for yours.' + +Then turning to the _Delawares_, holding a Belt of _Wampum_ in his Hand, +he spoke to them as follows: + +'_COUSINS_, + +Let this Belt of _Wampum_ serve to Chastise you. You ought to be taken +by the Hair of the Head and shaked severely, till you recover your +Senses and become sober. You don't know what Ground you stand on, nor +what you are doing. Our Brother ONAS'S Cause is very just and plain and +his Intentions to preserve Friendship. On the other Hand, Your Cause is +bad; your Heart far from being upright; and you are maliciously bent to +break the Chain of Friendship with our Brother ONAS and his People. We +have seen with our Eyes a Deed sign'd by _Nine_ of your Ancestors above +_Fifty_ Years ago for this very Land, and a Release sign'd, not many +Years since, by some of yourselves and Chiefs now living, to the Number +of _Fifteen_ or upwards.--But how came you to take upon you to sell Land +at all? We conquered you; we made Women of you; you know you are Women, +and can no more sell Land than Women; nor is it fit you should have the +Power of selling Lands, since you would abuse it. This Land that you +claim is gone through your Guts; you have been furnish'd with Cloaths, +Meat, and Drink, by the Goods paid you for it, and now you want it +again, like Children as you are.--But what makes you sell Land in the +Dark? Did you ever tell us that you had sold this Land? Did we ever +receive any Part, even the Value of a Pipe Shank, from you for it? You +have told us a blind Story, that you sent a Messenger to us to inform us +of the Sale, but he never came amongst us, nor we never heard any Thing +about it.--This is acting in the Dark, and very different from the +Conduct our _Six Nations_ observe in their Sales of Land; on such +Occasions they give publick Notice, and invite all the _Indians_ of +their united Nations, and give them all a Share of the Present they +receive for their Lands.--This is the Behaviour of the wise united +Nations.--But we find you are none of our Blood: You act a dishonest +Part, not only in this, but in other Matters: Your Ears are ever open to +slanderous Reports about our Brethren; you receive them with as much +Greediness as lewd Women receive the Embraces of bad Men. And for all +these Reasons we charge you to remove instantly; we don't give you the +Liberty to think about it. You are Women. Take the Advice of a wise Man, +and remove immediately. You may return to the other Side of _Delaware_ +where you came from: But we do not know whether, considering how you +have demean'd yourselves, you will be permitted to live there; or +whether you have not swallowed that Land down your Throats as well as +the Land on this Side. We therefore assign you two Places to go, either +to _Wyomen_ or _Shamokin_. You may go to either of these Places, and +then we shall have you more under our Eye, and shall see how you behave. +Don't deliberate; but remove away, and take this Belt of _Wampum_.' + +This being interpreted by _Conrad Weiser_ into _English_, and by +_Cornelius Spring_ into the _Delaware_ Language, _Canassateego_ taking a +String of _Wampum_, added further. + +'After our just Reproof, and absolute Order to depart from the Land, you +are now to take Notice of what we have further to say to you. This +String of _Wampum_ serves to forbid you, your Children and +Grand-Children, to the latest Posterity for ever, medling in Land +Affairs; neither you nor any who shall descend from you, are ever +hereafter to presume to sell any Land: for which Purpose, you are to +preserve this String, in Memory, of what your Uncles have this Day given +you in Charge.--We have some other Business to transact with our +Brethren, and therefore depart the Council, and consider what has been +said to you. + +_Canassateego_ then spoke to the Governor and Council: + +'_BRETHREN_, + +We called at our old Friend _James Logan's_ in our Way to this City, and +to our Grief we found him hid in the Bushes, and retired, through +Infirmities, from Publick Business. We press'd him to leave his +Retirement, and prevailed with him to assist once more on our Account at +your Councils. We hope, notwithstanding his Age, and the Effects of a +Fit of Sickness, which we understand has hurt his Constitution, that he +may yet continue a long Time to assist this Province with his Councils. +He is a wise Man, and a fast Friend to the _Indians_. And we desire, +when his Soul goes to GOD, you may chuse in his Room just such another +Person, of the same Prudence and Ability in Counselling, and of the same +tender Disposition and Affection for the _Indians_. In Testimony of our +Gratitude for all his Services, and because he was so good as to leave +his Country-House, and follow us to Town, and be at the Trouble, in this +his advanced Age, to attend the Council; we present him with this Bundle +of Skins. + +'_BRETHREN_, + +It is always our Way, at the Conclusion of a Treaty, to desire you will +use your Endeavours with the Traders, that they may sell their Goods +cheaper, and give us a better Price for our Deer-Skins. Whenever any +particular Sort of _Indian_ Goods is scarce, they constantly make us pay +the dearer on that Account. We must now use the same Argument with them: +Our Deer are killed in such Quantities, and our Hunting-Countries grown +less every Day, by the Settlement of white People, that Game is now +difficult to find, and we must go a great Way in Quest of it; they +therefore ought to give us a better Price for our Skins; and we desire +you would speak to them to do so. We have been stinted in the Article of +Rum in Town. We desire you will open the Rum-Bottle, and give it to us +in greater Abundance on the Road. + + _To inforce this Request, about the_ Indian _Traders, we + present you with this Bundle of Skins._ + +'_BRETHREN_, + +When we first came to your Houses, we found them clean and in Order: But +we have staid so long as to dirty them; which is to be imputed to our +different Way of Living from the white People: And therefore, as we +cannot but have been disagreeable to you on this Account, we present you +with some Skins to make your Houses clean, and put them into the same +Condition they were in when we came amongst you. + +'_BRETHREN_, + +The Business the _Five Nations_ transact with you is of great +Consequence, and requires a skilful and honest Person to go between us; +one in whom both you and and [Transcriber's Note: repeated word in +original] we can place a Confidence.--We esteem our present Interpreter +to be such a Person, equally faithful in the Interpretation of whatever +is said to him by either of us, equally allied to both; he is of our +Nation, and a Member of our Council as well as of yours. When we +adopted him, we divided him into Two equal Parts: One we kept for our +selves, and one we left for you. He has had a great deal of Trouble with +us, wore out his Shoes in our Messages, and dirty'd his Cloaths by being +amongst us, so that he is become as nasty as an _Indian_. + +'In Return for these Services, we recommend him to your Generosity; and +on our own Behalf, we give him _Five Skins_ to buy him Clothes and Shoes +with. + +'_BRETHREN_, + +'We have still one more Favour to ask. Our Treaty, and all we have to +say about publick Business, is now over, and to morrow we design to +leave you. We hope, as you have given us Plenty of good Provision whilst +in Town, that you will continue your Goodness so far as to supply us +with a little more to serve us on the Road. And we likewise desire you +will provide us with Waggons, to carry our Goods to the Place where they +are to be conveyed by Water. + +To these several Points the Governor made the following Reply. + +'_BRETHREN of the Six Nations_, [Transcriber's Note: original has +"BRRTHREN"] + +'The Judgment you have just now pass'd on your Cousins the _Delawares_, +confirms the high Opinion we have ever entertained of the Justice of the +_Six Nations_. This Part of your Character, for which you are deservedly +famed, made us wave doing our selves Justice, in order to give you +another Opportunity of convincing the World of your inviolable +Attachment to your Engagements. These unhappy People might have always +liv'd easy, having never receiv'd the least Injury from us; but we +believe some of our own People were bad enough to impose on their +Credulity, and engage them in these wrong Measures, which we wish, for +their Sakes, they had avoided. + +'We hoped, from what we have constantly given in Charge to the _Indian_ +Traders, that they would have administred no just Cause of Complaint: If +they do you Wrong, it is against our Inclinations, and contrary to our +express Directions. As you have exhibited no particular Charge against +them, we shall use our best Endeavours to persuade them to give you as +much for your Skins as they can possibly afford; and to take Care that +their Goods which they give in Exchange for Skins, be of the best Sort. +We will likewise order you some Rum to serve you on your Journey home, +since you desire it. + +'We wish there had been more Room and better Houses provided for your +Entertainment; but not expecting so many of you, we did the best we +could. 'Tis true there are a great many Houses in Town, but as they are +the Property of other People, who have their own Families to take Care +of, it is difficult to procure Lodgings for a large Number of People, +especially if they come unexpectedly. + +'We entertain the same Sentiments of the Abilities and Probity of the +Interpreter as you have express'd. We were induc'd at first to make Use +of him in this important Trust, from his being known to be agreeable to +you, and one who had lived amongst you for some Years, in good Credit +and Esteem with all your Nations; and have ever found him equally +faithful to both. We are pleas'd with the Notice you have taken of him, +and think he richly deserves it at your Hands. We shall not be wanting +to make him a suitable Gratification, for the many good and faithful +Services he hath done this Government. + +'We have already given Orders for Waggons to carry your Goods, and for a +Supply of Provisions to serve you on the Road in your Return home, where +we heartily wish you may arrive in good Health.' + +After the Governor had concluded [Transcriber's Note: original has +"conclued"], Mr. _Logan_ return'd an Answer to that Part of +_Canassateego's_ Speech which related to Him, and said, 'That not only +upon the Account of his Lameness, of which the _Indians_ themselves were +Witnesses; but on Account of another Indisposition which about three +Years since had laid him under an Incapacity of expressing himself with +his former usual Freedom, he had been obliged to live retired in the +Country. But that our first Proprietor, the Honourable _William Penn_, +who had ever been a Father and true Friend to all the _Indians_, having +above Forty Years since recommended them to his particular Care, he had +always, from his own Inclination, as well as from that strict Charge, +endeavoured to convince all the _Indians_, that He was their true +Friend; and was now well pleased, that after a Tract of so many Years, +they were not insensible of it. He thanked them kindly for their +Present, and heartily joined with them in their Desires, that this +Government may always be furnished with Persons of equally good +Inclinations, and not only with such, but also with better Abilities to +serve them.' + +And then _Canassateego_ said, he had forgot to mention, that +_Shickalamy_ and _Caxhayn_, had been employ'd on several Messages to +this Government, and desir'd that they might be consider'd on that +Account. + + * * * * * + +At a COUNCIL held the 12th of _July, P.M._ 1742. + +PRESENT, + +The Hon'ble GEORGE THOMAS Esq; Lieut. Governor. + +_James Logan_, _Samuel Preston_, } +_Clement Plumsted_, _Thomas Lawrence_, } Esqrs; +_Samuel Hasell_, _Abraham Taylor_, } +_Robert Strettell_, } + +Mr. _Richard Peters._ + +The Board taking into Consideration the Regulation of the necessary +Expences of the _Indians_ Travelling down hither, and Returning; and +upon an Estimate made by _Conrad Weiser_, amounting to about _One +Hundred Pounds_, it appearing that the said Sum of L100. will be +necessary to be advanced to _Conrad Weiser_ to defray those Expences, +Mr. _Logan_ on the Proprietaries Behalf, proposes to advance 40_l._ and +the Treasurer declaring he had no publick Money in his Hands, and that +if he had, he would not advance Money without the Assembly's Order; it +is recommended to Mr. _Preston_ and Mr. _Lawrence_, to confer with Mr. +_Kinsey_, and know whether he, as Speaker of the Assembly, and Trustee +of the Loan-Office, will advance the other 60_l._ + +And the _Indians_ having requested that they might have a small Quantity +of Rum, to be added to their Provisions, to comfort them on the Road: +The Board is of Opinion, that there be added to the said Estimate +---- for Twenty Gallons of Rum for the aforesaid Use. And in Return for +their Present of Skins, at Requesting that the _Indian_ Traders be +enjoyn'd to sell their Goods cheaper, the Board directs that two Strouds +be presented. And that _Five Pounds_ be given to _Caxhayn_ on the +Account of the Province, for his Services; and to _Shickalamy_ the like +Sum. + +_A Just Copy; compared by_ + +_PATRICK BAIRD_, Secr'y. + + + + +Advertisement. + + +Of the Printers of this _Treaty_ may be had, [Price 6_d_] The CHARGE +delivered from the _Bench_ to the GRAND INQUEST, at a Court of _Oyer_ +and _Terminer_ and General _Gaol Delivery_, [Transcriber's Note: +original has "Goal"] held for the City and County of PHILADELPHIA; by +the Hon'ble JAMES LOGAN Esq; _Chief Justice_ of the Province of +PENSILVANIA. + + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Treaty Held with the Indians of +the Six Nations at Philadelphia, in July 1742, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE TREATY HELD WITH THE *** + +***** This file should be named 18635.txt or 18635.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/8/6/3/18635/ + +Produced by Thierry Alberto, Linda Cantoni, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by the Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions +(www.canadiana.org)) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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