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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/19780-8.txt b/19780-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b70a627 --- /dev/null +++ b/19780-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1372 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Report of the National Library Service for +the Year Ended 31 March 1958, by G. T. Alley and National Library Service (New Zealand) + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Report of the National Library Service for the Year Ended 31 March 1958 + +Author: G. T. Alley and National Library Service (New Zealand) + +Release Date: November 13, 2006 [EBook #19780] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NATIONAL LIBRARY SERVICE *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ah Kit, Mark C. Orton, Ralph Janke, +New Zealand Parliamentary Library and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + +[Coat of Arms] + + + + +REPORT + +OF THE + +NATIONAL LIBRARY SERVICE + +FOR THE YEAR ENDED + +31 MARCH 1958 + + +_Presented to the House of Representatives by Leave_ + + +BY AUTHORITY: R. E. OWEN, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, WELLINGTON, NEW +ZEALAND--1958 + + + + +CONTENTS + + + PAGE + +Letter of Transmission 3 + Scientific, Technical, and Commercial Library Service 3 + Regional and District Library Service 4 + National Library Proposal 5 + Book Stock 5 + Request Service 5 + Expenditure 5 + +Country Library Service 6 + Free Public Libraries 6 + Book Van 7 + Minimum Standards for Public Libraries Participating in the + Country Library Service 8 + Independent Subscription Libraries 9 + Hamper Service 9 + Lighthouse Service 9 + Free Service to Ministry of Works, State Hydro-electric, and + New Zealand Forest Service Camps and Stations 9 + Hospital and Institutional Library Service 9 + Loan Collections 10 + Periodicals Service 10 + +School Library Service 10 + Loans to Smaller Public Libraries 11 + Information and Request Service 11 + Book List 11 + Assistance to Islands Schools 13 + +Library School 14 + +National Library Centre 14 + Inter-library Loan 15 + Central Bureau for Library Book Imports 15 + Libraries of Government Departments 16 + Book Resources Committee of the NZLA 16 + Union Catalogue 16 + Bibliographical Section 16 + + + + +The Hon. the MINISTER OF EDUCATION. + + +Wellington, 16 July 1958. + +SIR, + +I have the honour to submit the following report of the activities of +the National Library Service. The report covers the work of the Service +as a whole and its four divisions--Country Library Service, School +Library Service, Library School, and National Library Centre. + +The functions of the Service may be summed up as the provision of such +assistance to any New Zealand library maintained directly or indirectly +from public funds as circumstances and policy permit. More specifically, +help is given by a lending service to rural, borough, and county +libraries, by the provision of books for school libraries, by advancing +professional training through the Library School, and by maintenance of +records of all library holdings of books and periodicals, as well as +other facilities and stock to aid the cooperative use of this material. + +The National Library Service was formed in 1945 from the Country Library +Service by Cabinet decision with the strong support of the New Zealand +Library Association. During the war the Country Library Service had been +given responsibility for several tasks of national scope, such as the +War Library Service, the Central Bureau for Library Book Imports, the +formation of a Union Catalogue, and the operation of part of the +inter-library loan scheme. + +The Country Library Service, which began in 1938, has maintained +its van services to rural areas and has been brought into closer +contact with its districts by decentralisation to three district +offices--Christchurch in 1944, Palmerston North in 1948, and Hamilton +in 1953. + +The number of free libraries regularly receiving service has grown to +112. Special assistance in a number of cases has been given to libraries +serving a population of up to 50,000 operating a free and rental +service. The assistance given to the Gisborne and Wanganui Public +Libraries has continued. New Plymouth Public Library which changed to +free service in November 1957, and Palmerston North Public Library, +which is expanding its service, have also received assistance. The +fundamental principle of encouraging full local responsibility for +adequate rate-supported libraries has continued. + +The School Library Service has continued to bring a wide range and +variety of books to school children, the rate of issue now exceeding one +million copies annually. Distribution is effected through 15 centres. + +During the year this Service received three valuable sets of books +chosen to represent all phases of American life and thought. The +Carnegie Corporation of New York made these sets available to some 26 +libraries in New Zealand. + +_Scientific, Technical, and Commercial Library Service_--A +recommendation has been made by the New Zealand Library Association that +impetus be given to scientific and technical library service, chiefly +through public libraries. At a time when increasing reliance is being +placed on the efficiency of our secondary industry the necessity of +providing the fullest technical information to aid manufacturers will be +apparent. Authority was obtained 12 years ago to establish such a +service but it was not then possible to obtain qualified persons to +begin it. It is hoped that conditions will permit a senior appointment +during the present financial year to inaugurate the service. + +_Regional and District Library Service_--Study has continued on the +problems of ensuring an efficient and soundly based library service for +New Zealand's whole population. The problems facing a local authority +overseas with a population of 2,000,000 within a radius of a few miles +are minor ones compared with those facing New Zealand library +authorities, where the secondary cities are small, where the pattern of +local government is uneven, and where the population as a whole has a +high standard of education and is avid for books. Costs in New Zealand, +per head of population, are bound to be relatively high; vigilance is +necessary to ensure that they are no higher than they need be. + +It has been apparent that cooperation between local authorities will be +the major factor in making economies on a national scale. A note of the +work of the Working Party on Library Cooperation of 27-28 August 1956 +appeared in last year's annual report, and it was recorded that the +Minister of Education, at the request of the New Zealand Library +Association, had authorised payment of travelling expenses for its +Committee on Regional Planning to enable its work to be carried out. + +The committee worked during the year and met in Wellington for two +full-day sessions on 6 and 7 June 1957 for consideration of the +"establishment of regional and district library services as the best +method of providing a more effective library service for the whole +country". Its report was made to the New Zealand Library Association. +After consideration by the executive of the Local Authorities Section, +some amendments were made and the report published by the Association as +_Co-operation: A New Phase_. Fifteen hundred copies were printed and +were circulated to all local authorities for discussion. + +The report states: + +"1. The main problems facing public libraries are: + + (i) The unfair distribution over the whole community of the costs + of library service. + + (ii) The continuing growth of the cost of municipal government to + the point where it has become an embarrassment to the cities + and boroughs concerned. + + (iii) The failure of some local authorities to provide for library + services." + +"8. The basic factor in improving library services will be cooperation +among local authorities. Such cooperation should be the condition of +increased Government assistance." + +"10. Government assistance to such federations should take the form of +cash subsidies on all expenditure approved for subsidy by the +federation, and by the Minister (or National Library Board)." + +This report formed the main topic of discussion at the New Zealand +Library Association conference in Invercargill in February 1958. The +Association approached the Government for favourable consideration of +the proposals contained in the report on 11 April 1958. + +In the meantime the work of the Royal Commission on Local Government +Finance is being followed carefully, as its findings will have +considerable bearing on the problem of library finance. + +An effort is also being made to foster among local authorities the +willingness to cooperate, but progress in this field is slow. + +_National Library Proposal_--The report of the Working Party of the +Public Service Commission on the National Library proposal was earlier +considered by the Government, which had approved it in principle. The +House of Representatives last year approved the terms of reference of a +Select Committee to be appointed to make recommendations for "ways and +means of carrying out the decision of the Government to establish a +National Library" and to consider various other associated matters. The +decision to appoint such a Committee was reaffirmed in February 1958, +the Committee was named shortly afterwards and has since met on several +occasions. Independently of any solution of the accommodation problems +of the Service which such a move might bring, the proposal merits the +most careful consideration. + +_Book Stock_--During the year, 19,283 fiction and 35,573 non-fiction +were added to stock, a total of 54,856. Of these, 10,442 separate titles +of non-fiction and 205 fiction titles were added to the headquarters +collection, which now contains approximately 135,000 titles together +with 11,000 volumes of periodicals; 15,305 volumes were +withdrawn--12,134 fiction and 3,171 non-fiction--making the net +additions 39,551. The total of headquarters and Country Library Service +stock now amounts to 652,308, comprising 176,600 fiction and 475,708 +non-fiction. As at 31 March 1958 the stock of the School Library Service +was 1,091,189 the grand total of stock in the Service as a whole being +1,743,497. + +_Request Service_--All libraries and groups receiving library service +from the Country Library Service and all Government Departments may ask +for special short-term loans of books of an informational type from the +headquarters stock of this Service and, in addition, the headquarters +stock is used extensively to satisfy inter-library loan requests. (See +also the report of the Librarian, National Library Centre.) + + BOOKS REQUESTED AND SUPPLIED + Year Ended 31 March Increase + 1957 1958 Per Cent + +To Country Library Service libraries 55,782 61,870 10.9 +To Government Department libraries 6,423 6,998 8.9 +To interloan libraries 8,051 8,801 9.3 + + Total issues 70,256 77,669 10.6 + +During the year, 26,047 requests (an increase of 9.2 per cent) were +referred to Wellington. Of the total issues, 4,975 were books belonging +to other libraries throughout New Zealand, whose willing cooperation is +gratefully acknowledged. + +_Expenditure_--Expenditure under Subdivision XII, vote "Education", for +the year was £264,956. This figure includes £94,544 for the purchase of +books, of which £45,357 was for books and periodicals on behalf of +Government Departments. The expenditure on behalf of Departments +represents 12,146 books and standing orders for approximately 11,000 +serial publications. + +Expenditure under Subdivision III for the purchase of books by the +School Library Service was £50,580. + +G. T. ALLEY, Director. + + + + +SECTION I--COUNTRY LIBRARY SERVICE + + +On 31 March 1958, 989 towns and small centres were receiving regular +loans of books, an increase of 32 centres over the previous year. In +addition, 54 Ministry of Works, State Hydro-electric, and New Zealand +Forest Service camps and stations were given library service. Books are +also on loan to six places in the Chatham Islands, and to Niue, +Rarotonga, and Pitcairn Island. Free loans of books on a population +basis are given to mental hospitals and prisons situated both in country +and urban districts. + +Books, periodicals, and information are available to country people in +the following ways: + +(a) Free loans of books on a population basis to libraries controlled by + the local authorities, which in turn agree to make their libraries + free and to maintain reasonable standards of library service. + +(b) Loans of books to independent subscription public libraries at a + small annual charge per fifty books loaned. + +(c) Loans of books through hamper collections to isolated groups of + readers at a small annual charge. + +(d) Free loans of books to lighthouse keepers and similar very remote + readers. + +(e) Free loans of books on a population basis to Ministry of Works, + State Hydro-electric, and New Zealand Forest Service camps. + +All libraries served under (a) and (b) and the majority under (c) +receive regular visits from one of the especially equipped book vans of +this Service; at least three visits being paid to each library during a +normal year. In addition, all persons, by whichever of the above means +they receive library service, may obtain loans of requested books by +post. + + +FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES: "A" SERVICE + +On 31 March 1958 there were participating in the service 107 libraries +controlled by the following local authorities: + +Administrative counties 5 +Borough councils 94 +Independent town districts 6 +Dependent town districts 2 + +In addition, the following counties contribute to the funds of a public +library supplying a free service to county residents: + +County Public Library +----------- -------------- +Eltham Eltham +Patea Waverley +Wairoa Wairoa +Golden Bay Takaka +Lake Queenstown + +These libraries served an estimated local population of 437,000, with a +considerable number in surrounding areas. Besides the many requested +books and periodicals 91,954 books are on regular loan to them. + +By arrangement with the Waitemata, Patangata, Egmont, and Rangitikei +County Councils the public libraries at Titirangi, Otane, Opunake, and +Bulls respectively receive a free service. + +Library buildings continue to improve. During the year new libraries +were opened in Geraldine, Greymouth, New Lynn, and Morrinsville, and new +buildings are planned in several other centres. This Service continues +to assist in making available material on good overseas practice and New +Zealand achievement. Assistance is also given in the design of the +interiors of libraries and in specifications for equipment. + +The best results are achieved when a local authority and the librarian +prepare a written building programme, specifying the functions of the +library, the various areas to be provided, the relationship between +each, the number of books, readers, and librarians to be accommodated, +and the equipment to be housed for efficient service. Such a document +gives a clear directive to the architect, but at the same time allows +him complete freedom of expression in designing the building. + +The shortage of trained librarians continues. Three students from the +1957 Library School professional course accepted positions in public +libraries serving centres of under 20,000 population, but they were all +replacements for qualified librarians who had taken library work in +other fields, so there was no net gain. There was at least one public +library in a small town unable to fill its vacancy for a qualified +librarian. + +The short course for librarians from smaller centres, held at the +Library School from 12 to 30 August 1957, was of great value to the +participating librarians. The demand for training is very great and, +with such eagerness to learn, the training given is immediately +effective. + +Cooperation between libraries participating in the Country Library +Service has been developing slowly. A little more interest has been +shown in the cooperative book-buying scheme fostered by this Service. +There are now 22 libraries taking part. Libraries working together in +this way for the first time this year are Blenheim, Cambridge, Kaikoura, +Morrinsville, Picton, Putaruru, and Te Kuiti. + +Assistance in staffing was given to the public libraries at Morrinsville +and Picton for reorganisation and extension of local services. Field +librarians continue to advise and assist on their regular visits. + +A collection of 300 books was lent to the New Zealand IGY party at Scott +Base, Ross Dependency, as had been done in the case of the New Zealand +Antarctic Expedition a year earlier. + +During the year ministerial approval was given for provision of a +full-time librarian and complete service to be granted to the library at +the new Benmore camp, subject to the Ministry of Works providing a +satisfactory building. + +_Book Van_--During the year one of three book vans operating in the +South Island was replaced. Using experience gained in recent +replacements in the North Island the new van is constructed of aluminium +alloy on a four-ton, long-wheel-base chassis. Particular care was taken +in providing good sealing against dust and water, adequate natural +lighting, and the best possible insulation. + +Excellent insulation is achieved by a thick layer of expanded +polystyrene on all sides, roof, and floor. Very efficient lighting +without excessive heat problems has been provided by the installation of +two large roof lights of double glazed, toughened, anti-sun polished +plate, the upper light being held an inch above the roof line with a +free flow of air between the panes. This form of construction has +contributed to the good handling qualities of the van. Approximately +2,000 books are carried. + +_Minimum Standards for Public Libraries Participating in the Country +Library Service_--Overseas, most national and State organisations +consider it their responsibility to publish statements of standard +library practice, and codes for its evaluation. The most important +statement is _Public Library Service: A Guide to Evaluation, with +Minimum Standards_, which was approved by the Council of the American +Library Association and published by the Association in Chicago in 1956. + +In 1952 the New Zealand Library Association Standards Research Committee +prepared its "Basic Standards for New Zealand Libraries, 1952", which +was published in _New Zealand Libraries 15_:121-131; 145-150, Jl-Ag, S +'52. This was based on the survey attempted by the visiting American +librarian, Miss Miriam Tompkins, in 1950, but was not a formal +pronouncement of the Association. + +For the Country Library Service the problem has been present since 1938. +Assistance to local authorities has been given on three conditions, +approved by the Minister of Education at the inception of the Service. +The third of these conditions is that the "local authority should +maintain the library at a reasonable standard of service". + +Country Library Service assistance to libraries has always been planned +as service to assist local effort, not to supplant it. Where the local +service does not reach a certain standard a certain proportion of the +Country Library Service assistance loses its force. No matter how much +the assistance is increased the local people cannot benefit fully from +it unless the local authority houses it in a fair building, grafts it on +to a reasonable local book collection, and has the whole serviced by an +active and informed librarian. Continuity of good service is assured +only when the basic objectives of library service are enunciated and +clearly understood by the local authority. + +Local authorities have not abused the flexible interpretation given to +the "reasonable standard of service" condition, but have appreciated the +fact that the Country Library Service always took into consideration any +local difficulties that existed. Libraries generously supported by their +local authorities without exception have made full use of all the +services the Government has offered, and the local people have benefited +from a first-class library service in its fullest cultural and +educational sense. + +Local provision has naturally varied, but since 1950 the pattern of +local achievement has become more apparent, and the possibility was seen +of drawing up some code for evaluation. Local authorities participating +in this service were consulted and agreed to provide statistical notes +on their own work. These data formed the basis of a draft statement +which set out standards under headings of functions, service, staff, +books, and buildings, and which was sent to local authorities for +comment. It was gratifying to receive replies from so many, saying that +they would consider such a statement quite fair and reasonable. +Accordingly, the "Minimum Standards for Public Libraries Participating +in the Country Library Service" was approved by the Minister of +Education on 22 April 1958 and issued formally. + +The document emphasises that it gives standards for minimum provision, +and that local authorities aiming to give good service will not be +satisfied until they are exceeded. That they are exceeded in several +centres is a matter for congratulation, and the local authorities +concerned have reason to be proud of their libraries, and are in every +case anxious to maintain their good record. + + +SMALL INDEPENDENT SUBSCRIPTION LIBRARIES: "B" SERVICE + +During the year, 832 of these libraries were linked with this Service, +compared with 801 for the previous year. Of these libraries, 253 are +served from Hamilton, 191 from Palmerston North, and 388 from +Christchurch. + +Altogether 75,997 books were on loan to the 832 libraries, an average of +over 91 books per library. Over the past 10 years the average for each +library has increased from 79 books, or 15 per cent, thus demonstrating +the increasing interest that country readers are taking in the type of +books supplied by this Service. The figures shown as basic issues do not +include the thousands of books loaned to these libraries on short term +through the "request service". + + +"C" OR HAMPER SERVICE + +In places where no library exists and where it is not possible for one +to be formed and visited by a book van, a service to properly +established groups by means of hampers is provided. During the year 45 +of these groups received service, there being 3,325 books on regular +loan to them. The hamper service is also extended to six places in the +Chatham Islands and to Pitcairn Island. + + +LIGHTHOUSE SERVICE + +The postal service has been continued to lighthouse keepers, fire +lookouts in State Forests, and a few very remote readers in coastal +islands. During the year a total of 1,851 books was issued, mostly by a +hamper service. + + +FREE SERVICE TO MINISTRY OF WORKS, STATE HYDRO-ELECTRIC, AND NEW ZEALAND +FOREST SERVICE CAMPS AND STATIONS + +During the year 54 camps or stations received visits from the book van, +in addition to one receiving hamper service from the Christchurch +office. Altogether 7,691 books are on loan to such places. + + +HOSPITAL AND INSTITUTIONAL SERVICE + +Visits have continued from the book vans to 12 general hospitals with an +exchange of 1,405 books. Twelve mental hospitals received 3,910 books +and 13 prisons 3,125 books. During the year assistance has been given to +the Department of Justice in book and periodical selection. + +Difficulties occur from time to time in connection with the service to +prisons and mental hospitals. They arise from the lack of supervision of +these libraries by trained library staff. Officers engaged in other +duties are not in a position to organise the full service which would be +of such benefit to patients and prisoners. + +From the special TB collection 1,620 books were exchanged at +four-monthly intervals for 15 sanatoria and tuberculosis wards of public +hospitals. Three hundred and thirteen books were sent on request (250 +non-fiction and 63 fiction). Sixty-four requests could not be fulfilled +as the required books were not available through the stock or through +purchase, and the resources of other collections are not used for these +borrowers. + + +LOAN COLLECTIONS + +Collections of books, pamphlets, and periodicals to illustrate +particular subjects are available for short periods not only to +affiliated libraries but also to university and the larger public +libraries. + + +USE OF LOAN COLLECTIONS + + Year ended 31 March + 1957 1958 + +Number of collections sent 628 640 +Number of books included 26,667 26,645 + + +PERIODICALS SERVICE + +A total of 1,127 titles is now taken by the Wellington office, of which +821 copies are circulated regularly to Government Department libraries. +Four hundred and eighty copies are sent direct from the publishers to +the Country Library Service offices in Hamilton, Palmerston North, and +Christchurch, and are sent out regularly to 93 affiliated libraries. In +addition, the periodicals held in Wellington are available on short-term +loan to public and other libraries which are interested in them. + + + + +SECTION II--SCHOOL LIBRARY SERVICE + + +In 1941 the Minister of Education approved the establishment of a New +Zealand School Library Service, the purchasing of books to be financed +from the augmented item "School and Class Libraries" in the vote +"Education", the administration being undertaken by the Country Library +Service, as it then was. This new service was to provide not school text +books, but a wide and varied choice of books of high imaginative quality +or technical excellence, suitable for children at all levels of ability +and stages of development. The smaller and more remote country schools +were to be given priority. Books were to be freely available for reading +at home. + +The provision of supplies of books which circulate among schools goes +some way towards setting free the money for library books, available to +schools by way of annual capitation grant and from local contribution, +which is eligible for subsidy. These funds may then be used to build at +each school (a) a collection of such basic reference books as are needed +always at hand; (b) reading material for the preparatory classes; (c) +books of purely local interest; (d) other books which it is desired to +have permanently. + +By cooperation between the Education Board and the Dunedin City Council +considerable progress had been made in service to schools in Otago since +1938. Vigorous exploitation of a book stock selected in terms of +children's interests followed the most enlightened overseas practice, +linking skilfully the activities of home, school, and public library, as +well as introducing to this country books not previously known here. + +Beginning in Canterbury in March 1942 by incorporating the Travelling +Library for Rural Schools, the School Library Service has developed +until, today, exchanges of books are sent to 2,490 schools with a total +roll (excluding primers) of 298,317. These figures do not include those +for post-primary schools, which make use of the information and request +service only. + +Services available to schools and to the smaller public libraries can be +broadly defined as general exchanges of books, information and request +service, provision of book lists, and advice on library planning. + +General exchanges of books, changed regularly, are sent to all primary, +intermediate, and district high schools and the primary departments of +registered private schools which join the service, for the use of pupils +in Standard 1 and upwards. These books are intended mainly for +recreational reading, both at home and at school. The number sent in +each exchange is based on the school roll, exclusive of primer classes, +on a scale of not fewer than one per child, while for small schools it +is usually possible to increase this to two or three books per child. +Exchanges are made at least once a year, with further exchanges during +the year for smaller schools to the extent that books and staff make +possible. Where satisfactory arrangements for storage and adequate use +can be made, exchanges of suitable books are also sent to the smaller +public libraries which provide free service in their children's and +young adults' sections. The number of books sent is based on the +population of the area controlled by the local authority. Post-primary +schools depending, as they do, mainly on their own libraries, do not +receive exchanges of books but participate with the other schools in the +information and request and other services available. The post-primary +departments of district high schools are eligible for all services, +including exchanges. + +The information and request service, available to all schools which have +joined the service, supplies to both children and teachers, on +short-term loan, books and other material to meet individual needs not +satisfied by the general exchanges. The particular aim is to meet +requests for children's books and books for school purposes. Schools +have been urged to make the fullest use of this service which helps to +ensure that the right book reaches the child who needs it, for classroom +activity or any other worth-while purpose. Material for the personal or +study needs of teachers cannot usually be supplied by the School Library +Service; such requests can, however, be handed to the nearest public +library or "B" library group linked with the Country Library Service. +When schools are establishing new libraries extra help by way of special +collections or indefinite loans is given. All public libraries and +groups receiving library service from the Country Library Service may +use the information and request service. During the year 328,482 books +were sent out in response to requests. + +The preparation of book lists, which have proved of value to schools and +public libraries has been continued this year. The supplements to +_Junior Fiction_ and _Non-Fiction for Primary Schools_ are annotated +lists of the better, recently published children's books, other than +those appearing in countries with which there are currency difficulties; +these supplements are distributed twice a year to schools and public +libraries which ask to be placed on a mailing list. "For the +Post-primary Library", a series of annotated lists of current titles, +has been appearing regularly in the _Education Gazette_ since 16 July +1951. Public libraries and larger post-primary schools will find further +suggestions in the cyclostyled series "Books for Young Adults" which +appears at intervals; it includes books for recreational reading and +gives special consideration to suitable adult titles. Other lists are +prepared for publication as the need arises. A bibliography of material +published by the Service from its inception in 1942 appeared in the +annual report for the year ended 31 March 1956. Since that date the +following items have been added: + + Books for young adults: List 5, October 1956; List 6, June 1957; + List 7, November 1957. + + Books for young people, 1957. + + Interim list of subject headings for New Zealand school libraries, + o.p. + + Junior fiction. + + Supplements: April 1956 to September 1956; October 1956 to March + 1957; April 1957 to September 1957. + + Non-fiction for primary schools. (Supplements have title, _Junior + Non-fiction_.) + + Supplements: April 1956 to September 1956; October 1956 to March + 1957; April 1957 to September 1957. + + Quick-reference books for high-school libraries, 1956. + + Sets of books for French classes, August 1956. + +In addition to this published material, buying and reading lists are +constantly being prepared to meet the special needs of individual +schools, public libraries, and groups concerned with the reading of +children and adolescents. + +Assistance is given to schools planning new libraries or reorganising +existing libraries. The visiting of schools to give help where needed +and to discuss the use of books is still limited by staff shortages. + +Except for small parcels which are sent by post, books are distributed +in hampers or cartons by rail or road transport from 15 centres--North +Island: Whangarei and Hastings public libraries; offices of the Country +Library Service in Hamilton and Palmerston North and of the School +Library Service in Auckland, Napier, New Plymouth, Wanganui, and +Wellington. South Island: Greymouth, Timaru, Dunedin, and Invercargill +public libraries; the office of the Country Library Service in +Christchurch and of the School Library Service in Nelson. Schools are +usually served by the nearest School Library Service office. + +The headquarters office at Wellington is responsible for the +coordination of the service, for the selection, ordering, classifying, +and cataloguing of new books and their dispatch to district offices, the +maintenance of a comprehensive collection of children's and young +people's books used to meet requests which cannot be supplied from local +offices, and the distribution of books to schools and public libraries +in or near Wellington city and the Hutt Valley. To enable children at +smaller country schools to see and to choose for themselves from a wide +range of books, the possibilities of service by book van are being +considered. + +Since its establishment schools joining the service have paid a +subscription at the rate of 1s. per pupil (Standard 1 and upwards) for +each of the first two years. Ministerial authority was given during the +year to discontinue this levy. + +Schools borrowing books are asked to accept responsibility for (a) +safe-keeping of books while on loan to the school, including books +issued to members of staff for school use; (b) return of books when due; +(c) payment for books lost or damaged beyond fair wear and tear; (d) +payment of freight and postal charges from school to School Library +Service office. + +Books are made available to special institutions controlled by the +Education Department. Primary pupils of the Correspondence School are +provided with individual postal service from district offices. Child +welfare institutions, training centres, health camps, and other special +groups are given service according to their needs. Teachers' training +colleges, young people's groups, kindergartens, and nursery play centre +supervisors are also helped. Visits to School Library Service offices by +teachers in training are arranged wherever possible. + +Assistance to several Pacific Island schools has been continued from the +Auckland office by means of extended loans. Under this system the +schools receive an original bulk loan which they check annually, +reporting losses and returning damaged and worn books for replacement, +wherever possible, by new titles, so that loans will not degenerate into +collections of old books. The schools concerned were listed in last +year's annual report. The desirability of extension of this service is +constantly in review. + +During the year members of the staff acted as librarians at the usual +teachers' refresher courses. Appropriate collections of books always +create considerable interest. Discussions at these courses have been +helpful in the selection of books and have brought about an increased +awareness of the uses of books in a wide range of schools. + +Below are tables showing details of the School Library Service as at 31 +March 1958. The figures for the number of "schools" and "pupils" include +those for primary schools and post-primary departments of district high +schools but do not include those for other post-primary schools as these +do not receive general exchanges of books. (Figures in parentheses are +for the previous year.) + + Schools Pupils + Receiving (Standard 1 + Exchanges and upwards) + +Education Board schools 2,004 (1,973) 252,469 (241,148) +Departmental schools and institutions 211 (216) 13,996 (14,270) +Private schools 275 (260) 31,852 (28,175) + + Totals 2,490 (2,449) 298,317 (283,593) + + + Year Ended 31 March + Books Supplied 1958 1957 +In exchanges to-- + All schools, Standard 1 to Form II 676,637 648,816 + District high schools, Form III to Form VI 34,452 32,439 + Public libraries, children's departments 34,639 30,926 + Public libraries, young people's sections 22,724 22,307 + + Total for exchanges 768,452 734,488 + +On request and in loan collections, including +indefinite loans-- + Primary 263,374 244,175 + Post-primary 72,956 78,358 + + Totals 1,104,782 1,057,021 + +_Book Stock_--Additions to stock were 70,228 fiction and 48,789 +non-fiction. Withdrawals were 47,645 fiction and 11,834 non-fiction. The +stock now stands at 1,091,189, of which 656,911 are fiction and 434,278 +are non-fiction. One thousand four hundred and sixty-nine new titles +were added during the year. + + + + +SECTION III--LIBRARY SCHOOL + + +1957 PROFESSIONAL COURSE + +At the end of November nine diplomas and five certificates were awarded +to 14 students who completed the course. For health reasons one student +accepted under the Colombo Plan returned to his own country at the end +of the first term. Of the successful students two returned to the +libraries in which they had been employed before attending the school, +three were appointed librarians of smaller public libraries, four joined +the staffs of city public libraries, two are now members of the School +Library Service staff, and one the librarian of the Central Military +District. The two holders of UNESCO Fellowships are consolidating their +training by carrying out practical work in the Delhi Public Library for +three months. + +1958 PROFESSIONAL COURSE + +This course began on 4 March with 17 New Zealand students and the three +Indonesian students who have been working in libraries in New Zealand +since February 1957. + +Four students have a master's and nine a bachelor's degree in arts, one +a bachelor's degree in music, and two are holders of the New Zealand +Library Association's Certificate. + +NEW ZEALAND LIBRARY ASSOCIATION TRAINING COURSE + +Part II of this course was held at the Library School from 14 January to +15 February. Twenty-two students attended and all were recommended for +the award of the Association's certificate. + +1957 SHORT COURSE + +A short course for librarians and library assistants mainly from smaller +public libraries was held from 12 to 31 August. There were 21 students +from the following public libraries: Birkenhead, Blenheim, Dargaville, +Devonport, Hawera, Howick, Huntly, Inglewood, Kaiapoi, Kaikohe, Kaitaia, +Martinborough, Mataura, Nelson Institute, Otaki, Palmerston, Rangiora, +Taumarunui, Upper Hutt, Waiuku, Warkworth, and a field librarian from +the Country Library Service, Hamilton. + +In addition to lectures and practical exercises, several hours were set +aside for the informal discussion of problems and special questions +raised by the students. Senior members of National Library Service +headquarters joined the staff of the school in these discussions. + +Limits imposed by the size of the school made it necessary to defer +acceptance of some students eligible for this course. + +A short course on similar lines will be offered again in August this +year to librarians or library assistants of small public libraries who +are not able to take advantage of other means of training. + +As in previous years we wish to acknowledge the valuable contribution +made to these courses by visiting lecturers and the libraries which lend +us books. + + + + + +SECTION IV--NATIONAL LIBRARY CENTRE + + +The National Library Centre, in addition to acting as the division +responsible for the headquarters work of the Service, has continued to +promote the cooperative use of library resources. Staff at headquarters +are still working under very difficult conditions and there is a +continuing and pressing need both for administrative working space and +adequate housing for the book collections. + +_Inter-library Loan_--All inter-library loan requests for books and +periodicals the location of which is not known are sent to the National +Centre. Items which are not found in the Union Catalogue of non-fiction +books, the _Union List of Serials_, or other bibliographical sources are +listed in the weekly publication _Book Resources_, which is sent to 39 +libraries for checking. + + 1956-57 1957-58 + Number % Number % + +Interloan cards received 7,197 100.0 7,640 100.0 +Supplied from National Library Service 4,312 59.9 4,411 57.7 +Supplied from other Wellington libraries 171 2.4 139 1.8 +Supplied from Union Catalogue records 949 13.2 1,055 13.8 +Supplied from _Union List of Serials_ 101 1.4 173 2.3 +Not supplied for various reasons 641 8.9 664 8.7 +Listed on _Book Resources_ 1,023 14.2 1,198 15.7 + +Four hundred and seventy-five titles not found in any library were +ordered for national stock. + +The number of requests received by the centre represents probably less +than half the total volume of traffic among New Zealand libraries, the +proportion of direct interloan being higher in the special and +university libraries. Interloan was devised and introduced among +libraries by the New Zealand Library Association and in its operation +the responsibility of the National Library Service is not merely to act +as a clearing house but to provide all the material it reasonably can to +make the system effective. Other libraries participate reciprocally, or +lend so that they may the more freely borrow. The contribution, as has +always been expected, is a varying one and one or two libraries may +consider that they have a substantial and unrealisable credit balance in +their favour. The point beyond which certain libraries may feel they +cannot go in the common interest has not so far been determined +administratively but it may be necessary to consider this. If so, it is +better that it be done quantitatively on the basis of a common library +policy rather than that the present procedure should become an +embarrassment or be administered capriciously or conservatively. + +_Central Bureau for Library Book Imports_--After the introduction of +import control in January the Government approved that the facilities of +the bureau should be extended to meet the situation and assure libraries +of their essential supplies. The bureau was set up in 1940 as a +responsibility of the Country Library Service as a result of discussions +between the Government and the Library Association. Because libraries +undertook to avoid unnecessary duplication and develop cooperative ways +of recording and using their holdings, the 50 per cent cut in book +imports made in 1939 was restored and the necessary machinery +established to safeguard the country's supply of essential publications. + +The situation now is that recommendations for licences are made to the +Comptroller of Customs in two categories: firstly, block licence in +annual or six-monthly lots to cover a full licensing period, on behalf +of public libraries serving a population of 20,000 and over, university +libraries, and a few special libraries; secondly, individual +recommendations on behalf of smaller libraries which are made on the +basis of orders sent in when making application. Book-sellers are +expected to give libraries a proportionate share of their 1956 +transactions on which their current licence would be computed. + +Block licence recommendations, normally made at the end of the year--and +for some years only for anticipated imports from scheduled countries, +chiefly the dollar area--were held over until the present calendar year +and statistically will be included in the figures for the 1958 licensing +period. + +_Libraries of Government Departments_--A total of £45,357 was spent on +behalf of Government Departments financed from the Consolidated Fund and +purchasing through the National Library Service. Of this total, £25,344 +was for standing orders, chiefly periodical subscriptions. The value, +nationally, of a range of periodicals wider than that which is now +received by all the libraries would scarcely be disputed, but the degree +of duplication between and particularly within Departments continues to +cause concern. + +_Book Resources Committee of the New Zealand Library Association_--The +Book Resources Committee of which the Librarian, National Centre, is +Secretary, has continued to act as the national planning and advisory +body in the cooperative acquisition, recording, and use of publications. +In June and July of this year Dr K. D. Metcalf, Librarian Emeritus of +Harvard, at the joint invitation of the United States Educational +Foundation in New Zealand and the New Zealand Government, will visit New +Zealand. Dr Metcalf will visit the main centres and will have +discussions with the committee and the Government on policy matters. + +_Union Catalogue_--During the year 26,033 new titles were added +including 2,928 from the microfilmed record of library catalogues. The +catalogue now includes over 400,000 entries. + + +BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SECTION + +_Union List of Serials_--The typing and printing of the sixth +(cumulative) supplement to the _Union List of Serials_ has commenced and +publication is anticipated early in 1959. + +_Index to New Zealand Periodicals_--The 1956 issue of the index, the +first for which the National Library Service has accepted the +responsibility of publication, was printed by photo-offset and +distributed. The 1957 issue is being prepared in the same way. The +possibility of simplifying production by printing direct from the typed +cards is being explored. + +_General_--Printed catalogue cards for 247 New Zealand books and +pamphlets were issued during the year. Work on the national +bibliography, from 1890 to 1950, has continued and it is hoped to +commence the typing of a preliminary check list of holdings at the end +of the year. + + +BY AUTHORITY: +R. E. OWEN, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND--1958 +_Price 1 s._ 96098-58 G + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Report of the National Library Service +for the Year Ended 31 March 1958, by G. T. Alley and National Library Service (New Zealand) + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NATIONAL LIBRARY SERVICE *** + +***** This file should be named 19780-8.txt or 19780-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/9/7/8/19780/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ah Kit, Mark C. 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T. Alley. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + a[title].page { + position: absolute; + right: 2%; + font-size: x-small; + font-style: normal; + font-weight: normal; + color: gray; + background-color: inherit; + display: inline; /* set to "none" to make page numbers disappear */ + } + a[title].page:after { + content: attr(title); + } + p { text-indent: 1.5em; + margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + hr.total { width: 100%; + margin-top: 0em; + margin-bottom: 0em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + } + + em.gesperrt { + letter-spacing: 0.35ex; + padding-left: 0.35ex; + font-style: normal; + } + + em.antigua { + font-family: monospace; + font-style: normal; + } + + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + + .contents {margin-left: 25%;} + .contents_chapter { + } + .contents_section {margin-left: 3.5em; + text-indent: -1.5em; + } + + .linenum {position: absolute; top: auto; left: 4%;} /* poetry number */ + .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;} + .sidenote {width: 20%; padding-bottom: .5em; padding-top: .5em; + padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .5em; margin-left: 1em; + float: right; clear: right; margin-top: 1em; + font-size: smaller; color: black; background: #eeeeee; border: dashed 1px;} + + .bb {border-bottom: solid 2px;} + .bl {border-left: solid 2px;} + .bt {border-top: solid 2px;} + .br {border-right: solid 2px;} + .bbox {border: solid 2px;} + + .center {text-align: center; text-indent: 0em;} + .noindent {text-indent: 0em;} + .right {text-align: right;} + .right-indent {text-align: right; margin-right: 1.5em; } + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + .u {text-decoration: underline;} + .tocheader {font-size: 130%;} + + .letterdate {text-align: right; margin-top: 2em;} + + .lettersig {text-align: right; margin-bottom: 2em;} + + .caption {font-weight: bold;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .figleft {float: left; clear: left; margin-left: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: + 1em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + .figright {float: right; clear: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + .footnotes {border: dashed 1px;} + .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + .footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} + .trnotes {border: dashed 1px; background-color: silver; color: inherit;} + .trnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + .trnote .label {position: absolute; left: 9%; text-align: right;} + + .index {text-indent: 0em;} + .fnanchor {vertical-align: super; font-size: .8em; text-decoration: none;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;} + .poem br {display: none;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem span.i0 {display: block; margin-left: 0em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i2 {display: block; margin-left: 2em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i4 {display: block; margin-left: 4em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Report of the National Library Service for +the Year Ended 31 March 1958, by G. T. Alley and National Library Service (New Zealand) + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Report of the National Library Service for the Year Ended 31 March 1958 + +Author: G. T. Alley and National Library Service (New Zealand) + +Release Date: November 13, 2006 [EBook #19780] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NATIONAL LIBRARY SERVICE *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ah Kit, Mark C. Orton, Ralph Janke, +New Zealand Parliamentary Library and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<p class="right"><a class="page" name="Page_1" id ="Page_1" title="1"></a>H.32A</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;"> +<img src="images/coat_of_arms_of_new_zealand.png" width="200" height="202" alt="Coat of Arms of New Zealand" title="Coat of Arms of New Zealand" /> +</div> + + + + +<h2>REPORT</h2> + +<p class="center">OF THE</p> + +<h1>NATIONAL LIBRARY</h1> +<h1>SERVICE</h1> + +<p class="center">FOR THE YEAR ENDED</p> + +<h2>31 MARCH 1958</h2> + + +<p><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></p> +<p class="center"><i>Presented to the House of Representatives by Leave</i></p> + +<p><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></p> +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">by authority:</span></p> +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">r. e. owen, government printer, wellington, new zealand</span>—1958</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a class="page" name="Page_2" id ="Page_2" title="2"></a><a name="CONTENTS" id="CONTENTS"></a>CONTENTS</h2> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td>PAGE</td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><a href="#The_Hon_the_Minister_of_Education">Letter of Transmission</a></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_3">3</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#Scientific_Technical_and_Commercial_Library_Service">Scientific, Technical, and Commercial Library Service</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_3">3</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#Regional_and_District_Library_Service">Regional and District Library Service</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_4">4</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#National_Library_Proposal">National Library Proposal</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_5">5</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#Book_Stock">Book Stock</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_5">5</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#Request_Service">Request Service</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_5">5</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#Expenditure">Expenditure</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_5">5</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><a href="#SECTION_I_COUNTRY_LIBRARY_SERVICE">Country Library Service</a></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_6">6</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#FREE_PUBLIC_LIBRARIES_A_SERVICE">Free Public Libraries</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_6">6</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#Book_Van">Book Van</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_7">7</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#Minimum_Standards_for_Public_Libraries_Participating_in_the_Country_Library_Service">Minimum Standards for Public Libraries Participating in the Country Library Service</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_8">8</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#SMALL_INDEPENDENT_SUBSCRIPTION_LIBRARIES_B_SERVICE">Independent Subscription Libraries</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_9">9</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#C_OR_HAMPER_SERVICE">Hamper Service</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_9">9</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#LIGHTHOUSE_SERVICE">Lighthouse Service</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_9">9</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#FREE_SERVICE_TO_MINISTRY_OF_WORKS_STATE_HYDRO-ELECTRIC_AND_NEW_ZEALAND_FOREST_SERVICE_CAMPS_AND_STATIONS">Free Service to Ministry of Works, State Hydro-electric, and New Zealand Forest Service Camps and Stations</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_9">9</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#HOSPITAL_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_SERVICE">Hospital and Institutional Library Service</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_9">9</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#LOAN_COLLECTIONS">Loan Collections</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_10">10</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#PERIODICALS_SERVICE">Periodicals Service</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_10">10</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><a href="#SECTION_II_SCHOOL_LIBRARY_SERVICE">School Library Service</a></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_10">10</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#smaller_public_libraries">Loans to Smaller Public Libraries</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#information_and_request_service">Information and Request Service</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#book_lists">Book List</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#Assistance_to_several_Pacific_Island_schools">Assistance to Islands Schools</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_13">13</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><a href="#SECTION_III_LIBRARY_SCHOOL">Library School</a></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_14">14</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><a href="#SECTION_III_LIBRARY_SCHOOL">National Library Centre</a></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_14">14</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#Inter-library_Loan">Inter-library Loan</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#Central_Bureau_for_Library_Book_Imports">Central Bureau for Library Book Imports</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#Libraries_of_Government_Departments">Libraries of Government Departments</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#Book_Resources_Committee_of_the_New_Zealand_Library_Association">Book Resources Committee of the NZLA</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#Union_Catalogue">Union Catalogue</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"> <a href="#BIBLIOGRAPHICAL_SECTION">Bibliographical Section</a></span></td><td> </td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td></tr> +</table></div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><a class="page" name="Page_3" id ="Page_3" title="3"></a><a name="The_Hon_the_Minister_of_Education" id="The_Hon_the_Minister_of_Education"></a>The Hon. the <span class="smcap">Minister of Education</span>.</p> + + +<p class="right-indent">Wellington, 16 July 1958.</p> + +<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Sir</span>,</p> + +<p>I have the honour to submit the following report of the activities of +the National Library Service. The report covers the work of the Service +as a whole and its four divisions—Country Library Service, School +Library Service, Library School, and National Library Centre.</p> + +<p>The functions of the Service may be summed up as the provision of +such assistance to any New Zealand library maintained directly or indirectly +from public funds as circumstances and policy permit. More +specifically, help is given by a lending service to rural, borough, and +county libraries, by the provision of books for school libraries, by advancing +professional training through the Library School, and by maintenance +of records of all library holdings of books and periodicals, as well as other +facilities and stock to aid the cooperative use of this material.</p> + +<p>The National Library Service was formed in 1945 from the Country +Library Service by Cabinet decision with the strong support of the New +Zealand Library Association. During the war the Country Library +Service had been given responsibility for several tasks of national scope, +such as the War Library Service, the Central Bureau for Library Book +Imports, the formation of a Union Catalogue, and the operation of +part of the inter-library loan scheme.</p> + +<p>The Country Library Service, which began in 1938, has maintained +its van services to rural areas and has been brought into closer contact +with its districts by decentralisation to three district offices—Christchurch +in 1944, Palmerston North in 1948, and Hamilton in 1953.</p> + +<p>The number of free libraries regularly receiving service has grown to +112. Special assistance in a number of cases has been given to libraries +serving a population of up to 50,000 operating a free and rental service. +The assistance given to the Gisborne and Wanganui Public Libraries has +continued. New Plymouth Public Library which changed to free service +in November 1957, and Palmerston North Public Library, which is +expanding its service, have also received assistance. The fundamental +principle of encouraging full local responsibility for adequate rate-supported +libraries has continued.</p> + +<p>The School Library Service has continued to bring a wide range and +variety of books to school children, the rate of issue now exceeding +one million copies annually. Distribution is effected through 15 centres.</p> + +<p>During the year this Service received three valuable sets of books +chosen to represent all phases of American life and thought. The +Carnegie Corporation of New York made these sets available to some +26 libraries in New Zealand.</p> + +<p><i><a name="Scientific_Technical_and_Commercial_Library_Service" id="Scientific_Technical_and_Commercial_Library_Service"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">Scientific, Technical, and Commercial Library Service</a></i>—A recommendation +has been made by the New Zealand Library Association that +impetus be given to scientific and technical library service, chiefly through +public libraries. At a time when increasing reliance is being placed on +the efficiency of our secondary industry the necessity of providing the +fullest technical information to aid manufacturers will be apparent. +Authority was obtained 12 years ago to establish such a service but +it was not then possible to obtain qualified persons to begin it. It is +hoped that conditions will permit a senior appointment during the +present financial year to inaugurate the service.</p> + +<p><a class="page" name="Page_4" id ="Page_4" title="4"></a><i><a name="Regional_and_District_Library_Service" id="Regional_and_District_Library_Service"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">Regional and District Library Service</a></i>—Study has continued on the +problems of ensuring an efficient and soundly based library service for +New Zealand's whole population. The problems facing a local authority +overseas with a population of 2,000,000 within a radius of a few miles +are minor ones compared with those facing New Zealand library +authorities, where the secondary cities are small, where the pattern of +local government is uneven, and where the population as a whole has +a high standard of education and is avid for books. Costs in New +Zealand, per head of population, are bound to be relatively high; +vigilance is necessary to ensure that they are no higher than they need be.</p> + +<p>It has been apparent that cooperation between local authorities will +be the major factor in making economies on a national scale. A note of +the work of the Working Party on Library Cooperation of 27-28 August +1956 appeared in last year's annual report, and it was recorded that the +Minister of Education, at the request of the New Zealand Library +Association, had authorised payment of travelling expenses for its Committee +on Regional Planning to enable its work to be carried out.</p> + +<p>The committee worked during the year and met in Wellington for two +full-day sessions on 6 and 7 June 1957 for consideration of the "establishment +of regional and district library services as the best method of +providing a more effective library service for the whole country". Its +report was made to the New Zealand Library Association. After +consideration by the executive of the Local Authorities Section, some +amendments were made and the report published by the Association +as <i>Co-operation: A New Phase</i>. Fifteen hundred copies were printed and +were circulated to all local authorities for discussion.</p> + +<p>The report states:</p> + +<p>"1. The main problems facing public libraries are:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>(i) The unfair distribution over the whole community of +the costs of library service.</p> + +<p>(ii) The continuing growth of the cost of municipal government +to the point where it has become an embarrassment to +the cities and boroughs concerned.</p> + +<p>(iii) The failure of some local authorities to provide for +library services."</p></div> + +<p>"8. The basic factor in improving library services will be cooperation +among local authorities. Such cooperation should be the condition of +increased Government assistance."</p> + +<p>"10. Government assistance to such federations should take the form +of cash subsidies on all expenditure approved for subsidy by the federation, +and by the Minister (or National Library Board)."</p> + +<p>This report formed the main topic of discussion at the New Zealand +Library Association conference in Invercargill in February 1958. The +Association approached the Government for favourable consideration of +the proposals contained in the report on 11 April 1958.</p> + +<p>In the meantime the work of the Royal Commission on Local +Government Finance is being followed carefully, as its findings will +have considerable bearing on the problem of library finance.</p> + +<p>An effort is also being made to foster among local authorities the +willingness to cooperate, but progress in this field is slow.</p> + +<p><a class="page" name="Page_5" id ="Page_5" title="5"></a><i><a name="National_Library_Proposal" id="National_Library_Proposal"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">National Library Proposal</a></i>—The report of the Working Party of the +Public Service Commission on the National Library proposal was +earlier considered by the Government, which had approved it in +principle. The House of Representatives last year approved the terms +of reference of a Select Committee to be appointed to make recommendations +for "ways and means of carrying out the decision of the +Government to establish a National Library" and to consider various +other associated matters. The decision to appoint such a Committee +was reaffirmed in February 1958, the Committee was named shortly +afterwards and has since met on several occasions. Independently of +any solution of the accommodation problems of the Service which such +a move might bring, the proposal merits the most careful consideration.</p> + +<p><i><a name="Book_Stock" id="Book_Stock"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">Book Stock</a></i>—During the year, 19,283 fiction and 35,573 non-fiction +were added to stock, a total of 54,856. Of these, 10,442 separate titles +of non-fiction and 205 fiction titles were added to the headquarters +collection, which now contains approximately 135,000 titles together +with 11,000 volumes of periodicals; 15,305 volumes were withdrawn—12,134 +fiction and 3,171 non-fiction—making the net additions 39,551. +The total of headquarters and Country Library Service stock now +amounts to 652,308, comprising 176,600 fiction and 475,708 non-fiction. +As at 31 March 1958 the stock of the School Library Service was +1,091,189 the grand total of stock in the Service as a whole being +1,743,497.</p> + +<p><i><a name="Request_Service" id="Request_Service"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">Request Service</a></i>—All libraries and groups receiving library service from +the Country Library Service and all Government Departments may ask +for special short-term loans of books of an informational type from the +headquarters stock of this Service and, in addition, the headquarters +stock is used extensively to satisfy inter-library loan requests. (See also +the report of the Librarian, National Library Centre.)</p> + + +<h4><span class="smcap">Books Requested and Supplied</span></h4> +<div class='center'> +<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left' rowspan="2"></td><td align='center' colspan="2">Year Ended 31 March</td><td align='left' rowspan="2">Increase<br />Per Cent</td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'>1957</td><td align='center'>1958</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>To Country Library Service libraries</td><td align='right'>55,782</td><td align='right'>61,870</td><td align='right'>10.9</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>To Government Department libraries</td><td align='right'>6,423</td><td align='right'>6,998</td><td align='right'>8.9</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>To interloan libraries</td><td align='right'>8,051</td><td align='right'>8,801</td><td align='right'>9.3</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Total issues</td><td align='right'>70,256</td><td align='right'>77,669</td><td align='right'>10.6</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>During the year, 26,047 requests (an increase of 9.2 per cent) were +referred to Wellington. Of the total issues, 4,975 were books belonging +to other libraries throughout New Zealand, whose willing cooperation +is gratefully acknowledged.</p> + +<p><i><a name="Expenditure" id="Expenditure"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">Expenditure</a></i>—Expenditure under Subdivision XII, vote "Education", +for the year was £264,956. This figure includes £94,544 for the purchase +of books, of which £45,357 was for books and periodicals on behalf of +Government Departments. The expenditure on behalf of Departments +represents 12,146 books and standing orders for approximately 11,000 +serial publications.</p> + +<p>Expenditure under Subdivision III for the purchase of books by the +School Library Service was £50,580.</p> + +<p class="right-indent"><span class="smcap">G. T. Alley</span>, Director.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a class="page" name="Page_6" id ="Page_6" title="6"></a><a name="SECTION_I_COUNTRY_LIBRARY_SERVICE" id="SECTION_I_COUNTRY_LIBRARY_SERVICE"></a>SECTION I—COUNTRY LIBRARY SERVICE</h2> + + +<p>On 31 March 1958, 989 towns and small centres were receiving regular +loans of books, an increase of 32 centres over the previous year. In +addition, 54 Ministry of Works, State Hydro-electric, and New Zealand +Forest Service camps and stations were given library service. Books are +also on loan to six places in the Chatham Islands, and to Niue, Rarotonga, +and Pitcairn Island. Free loans of books on a population basis +are given to mental hospitals and prisons situated both in country and +urban districts.</p> + +<p>Books, periodicals, and information are available to country people +in the following ways:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<dl><dt>(a)</dt><dd>Free loans of books on a population basis to libraries controlled by +the local authorities, which in turn agree to make their libraries +free and to maintain reasonable standards of library service.</dd></dl> + +<dl><dt>(b)</dt><dd>Loans of books to independent subscription public libraries at a +small annual charge per fifty books loaned.</dd></dl> + +<dl><dt>(c)</dt><dd>Loans of books through hamper collections to isolated groups of +readers at a small annual charge.</dd></dl> + +<dl><dt>(d)</dt><dd>Free loans of books to lighthouse keepers and similar very remote +readers.</dd></dl> + +<dl><dt>(e)</dt><dd>Free loans of books on a population basis to Ministry of Works, +State Hydro-electric, and New Zealand Forest Service camps.</dd></dl> +</div> + +<p>All libraries served under (a) and (b) and the majority under (c) +receive regular visits from one of the especially equipped book vans +of this Service; at least three visits being paid to each library during +a normal year. In addition, all persons, by whichever of the above +means they receive library service, may obtain loans of requested books +by post.</p> + + +<h4><a name="FREE_PUBLIC_LIBRARIES_A_SERVICE" id="FREE_PUBLIC_LIBRARIES_A_SERVICE"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES: "A" SERVICE</a></h4> + +<p>On 31 March 1958 there were participating in the service 107 +libraries controlled by the following local authorities:</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left' style="width: 40%">Administrative counties</td><td style="width: 20%"> </td><td align='right'>5</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Borough councils</td><td> </td><td align='right'>94</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Independent town districts</td><td> </td><td align='right'>6</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Dependent town districts</td><td> </td><td align='right'>2</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>In addition, the following counties contribute to the funds of a public +library supplying a free service to county residents:</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><th align='left' style="width: 40%">County</th><th style="width: 20%"> </th><th align='left'>Public Library</th></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Eltham</td><td> </td><td align='left'>Eltham</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Patea</td><td> </td><td align='left'>Waverley</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Wairoa</td><td> </td><td align='left'>Wairoa</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Golden Bay</td><td> </td><td align='left'>Takaka</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lake</td><td> </td><td align='left'>Queenstown</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>These libraries served an estimated local population of 437,000, with +a considerable number in surrounding areas. Besides the many requested +books and periodicals 91,954 books are on regular loan to them.</p> + +<p>By arrangement with the Waitemata, Patangata, Egmont, and Rangitikei +County Councils the public libraries at Titirangi, Otane, Opunake, +and Bulls respectively receive a free service.<a class="page" name="Page_7" id ="Page_7" title="7"></a></p> + +<p>Library buildings continue to improve. During the year new libraries +were opened in Geraldine, Greymouth, New Lynn, and Morrinsville, +and new buildings are planned in several other centres. This Service +continues to assist in making available material on good overseas +practice and New Zealand achievement. Assistance is also given in the +design of the interiors of libraries and in specifications for equipment.</p> + +<p>The best results are achieved when a local authority and the librarian +prepare a written building programme, specifying the functions of the +library, the various areas to be provided, the relationship between each, +the number of books, readers, and librarians to be accommodated, and +the equipment to be housed for efficient service. Such a document gives +a clear directive to the architect, but at the same time allows him complete +freedom of expression in designing the building.</p> + +<p>The shortage of trained librarians continues. Three students from +the 1957 Library School professional course accepted positions in public +libraries serving centres of under 20,000 population, but they were all +replacements for qualified librarians who had taken library work in +other fields, so there was no net gain. There was at least one public +library in a small town unable to fill its vacancy for a qualified +librarian.</p> + +<p>The short course for librarians from smaller centres, held at the +Library School from 12 to 30 August 1957, was of great value to the +participating librarians. The demand for training is very great and, +with such eagerness to learn, the training given is immediately effective.</p> + +<p>Cooperation between libraries participating in the Country Library +Service has been developing slowly. A little more interest has been shown +in the cooperative book-buying scheme fostered by this Service. There +are now 22 libraries taking part. Libraries working together in this way +for the first time this year are Blenheim, Cambridge, Kaikoura, Morrinsville, +Picton, Putaruru, and Te Kuiti.</p> + +<p>Assistance in staffing was given to the public libraries at Morrinsville +and Picton for reorganisation and extension of local services. Field +librarians continue to advise and assist on their regular visits.</p> + +<p>A collection of 300 books was lent to the New Zealand IGY party at +Scott Base, Ross Dependency, as had been done in the case of the New +Zealand Antarctic Expedition a year earlier.</p> + +<p>During the year ministerial approval was given for provision of a +full-time librarian and complete service to be granted to the library at +the new Benmore camp, subject to the Ministry of Works providing a +satisfactory building.</p> + +<p><i><a name="Book_Van" id="Book_Van"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">Book Van</a></i>—During the year one of three book vans operating in the +South Island was replaced. Using experience gained in recent replacements +in the North Island the new van is constructed of aluminium +alloy on a four-ton, long-wheel-base chassis. Particular care was taken +in providing good sealing against dust and water, adequate natural +lighting, and the best possible insulation.</p> + +<p>Excellent insulation is achieved by a thick layer of expanded polystyrene +on all sides, roof, and floor. Very efficient lighting without +excessive heat problems has been provided by the installation of two +large roof lights of double glazed, toughened, anti-sun polished plate, +the upper light being held an inch above the roof line with a free flow +of air between the panes. This form of construction has contributed +to the good handling qualities of the van. Approximately 2,000 books +are carried.<a class="page" name="Page_8" id ="Page_8" title="8"></a></p> + +<p><i><a name="Minimum_Standards_for_Public_Libraries_Participating_in_the_Country_Library_Service" id="Minimum_Standards_for_Public_Libraries_Participating_in_the_Country_Library_Service"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">Minimum Standards for Public Libraries Participating in the Country +Library Service</a></i>—Overseas, most national and State organisations consider +it their responsibility to publish statements of standard library practice, +and codes for its evaluation. The most important statement is <i>Public +Library Service: A Guide to Evaluation, with Minimum Standards</i>, which +was approved by the Council of the American Library Association and +published by the Association in Chicago in 1956.</p> + +<p>In 1952 the New Zealand Library Association Standards Research +Committee prepared its "Basic Standards for New Zealand Libraries, +1952", which was published in <i>New Zealand Libraries 15</i>:121-131; +145-150, Jl-Ag, S '52. This was based on the survey attempted by the +visiting American librarian, Miss Miriam Tompkins, in 1950, but was +not a formal pronouncement of the Association.</p> + +<p>For the Country Library Service the problem has been present since +1938. Assistance to local authorities has been given on three conditions, +approved by the Minister of Education at the inception of the Service. +The third of these conditions is that the "local authority should maintain +the library at a reasonable standard of service".</p> + +<p>Country Library Service assistance to libraries has always been +planned as service to assist local effort, not to supplant it. Where the +local service does not reach a certain standard a certain proportion of +the Country Library Service assistance loses its force. No matter how +much the assistance is increased the local people cannot benefit fully +from it unless the local authority houses it in a fair building, grafts it +on to a reasonable local book collection, and has the whole serviced +by an active and informed librarian. Continuity of good service is +assured only when the basic objectives of library service are enunciated +and clearly understood by the local authority.</p> + +<p>Local authorities have not abused the flexible interpretation given to +the "reasonable standard of service" condition, but have appreciated the +fact that the Country Library Service always took into consideration +any local difficulties that existed. Libraries generously supported by +their local authorities without exception have made full use of all the +services the Government has offered, and the local people have benefited +from a first-class library service in its fullest cultural and educational +sense.</p> + +<p>Local provision has naturally varied, but since 1950 the pattern of +local achievement has become more apparent, and the possibility was +seen of drawing up some code for evaluation. Local authorities participating +in this service were consulted and agreed to provide statistical +notes on their own work. These data formed the basis of a draft statement +which set out standards under headings of functions, service, staff, books, +and buildings, and which was sent to local authorities for comment. It +was gratifying to receive replies from so many, saying that they would +consider such a statement quite fair and reasonable. Accordingly, the +"Minimum Standards for Public Libraries Participating in the Country +Library Service" was approved by the Minister of Education on 22 April +1958 and issued formally.</p> + +<p>The document emphasises that it gives standards for minimum provision, +and that local authorities aiming to give good service will not +be satisfied until they are exceeded. That they are exceeded in several +centres is a matter for congratulation, and the local authorities concerned +have reason to be proud of their libraries, and are in every case anxious +to maintain their good record.</p> + + +<h4><a class="page" name="Page_9" id ="Page_9" title="9"></a><a name="SMALL_INDEPENDENT_SUBSCRIPTION_LIBRARIES_B_SERVICE" id="SMALL_INDEPENDENT_SUBSCRIPTION_LIBRARIES_B_SERVICE"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">SMALL INDEPENDENT SUBSCRIPTION LIBRARIES: +"B" SERVICE</a></h4> + +<p>During the year, 832 of these libraries were linked with this Service, +compared with 801 for the previous year. Of these libraries, 253 are +served from Hamilton, 191 from Palmerston North, and 388 from +Christchurch.</p> + +<p>Altogether 75,997 books were on loan to the 832 libraries, an average +of over 91 books per library. Over the past 10 years the average for each +library has increased from 79 books, or 15 per cent, thus demonstrating +the increasing interest that country readers are taking in the type of +books supplied by this Service. The figures shown as basic issues do not +include the thousands of books loaned to these libraries on short term +through the "request service".</p> + + +<h4><a name="C_OR_HAMPER_SERVICE" id="C_OR_HAMPER_SERVICE"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">"C" OR HAMPER SERVICE</a></h4> + +<p>In places where no library exists and where it is not possible for one +to be formed and visited by a book van, a service to properly established +groups by means of hampers is provided. During the year 45 of these +groups received service, there being 3,325 books on regular loan to them. +The hamper service is also extended to six places in the Chatham Islands +and to Pitcairn Island.</p> + + +<h4><a name="LIGHTHOUSE_SERVICE" id="LIGHTHOUSE_SERVICE"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">LIGHTHOUSE SERVICE</a></h4> + +<p>The postal service has been continued to lighthouse keepers, fire lookouts +in State Forests, and a few very remote readers in coastal islands. +During the year a total of 1,851 books was issued, mostly by a hamper +service.</p> + + +<h4><a name="FREE_SERVICE_TO_MINISTRY_OF_WORKS_STATE_HYDRO-ELECTRIC_AND_NEW_ZEALAND_FOREST_SERVICE_CAMPS_AND_STATIONS" id="FREE_SERVICE_TO_MINISTRY_OF_WORKS_STATE_HYDRO-ELECTRIC_AND_NEW_ZEALAND_FOREST_SERVICE_CAMPS_AND_STATIONS"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">FREE SERVICE TO MINISTRY OF WORKS, STATE HYDRO-ELECTRIC, +AND NEW ZEALAND FOREST SERVICE +CAMPS AND STATIONS</a></h4> + +<p>During the year 54 camps or stations received visits from the book +van, in addition to one receiving hamper service from the Christchurch +office. Altogether 7,691 books are on loan to such places.</p> + + +<h4><a name="HOSPITAL_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_SERVICE" id="HOSPITAL_AND_INSTITUTIONAL_SERVICE"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">HOSPITAL AND INSTITUTIONAL SERVICE</a></h4> + +<p>Visits have continued from the book vans to 12 general hospitals with +an exchange of 1,405 books. Twelve mental hospitals received 3,910 +books and 13 prisons 3,125 books. During the year assistance has been +given to the Department of Justice in book and periodical selection.</p> + +<p>Difficulties occur from time to time in connection with the service +to prisons and mental hospitals. They arise from the lack of supervision +of these libraries by trained library staff. Officers engaged in other duties +are not in a position to organise the full service which would be of such +benefit to patients and prisoners.</p> + +<p>From the special TB collection 1,620 books were exchanged at four-monthly +intervals for 15 sanatoria and tuberculosis wards of public +hospitals. Three hundred and thirteen books were sent on request (250 +non-fiction and 63 fiction). Sixty-four requests could not be fulfilled +as the required books were not available through the stock or through +purchase, and the resources of other collections are not used for these +borrowers.<a class="page" name="Page_10" id ="Page_10" title="10"></a></p> + + +<h4><a name="LOAN_COLLECTIONS" id="LOAN_COLLECTIONS"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">LOAN COLLECTIONS</a></h4> + +<p>Collections of books, pamphlets, and periodicals to illustrate particular +subjects are available for short periods not only to affiliated libraries but +also to university and the larger public libraries.</p> + + +<h4>USE OF LOAN COLLECTIONS</h4> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td style="width: 60%;"> </td><td align='center' colspan="2">Year ended 31 March</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'> </td><td align="center">1957</td><td align="center">1958</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Number of collections sent</td><td align='right'>628</td><td align='right'>640</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Number of books included</td><td align='right'>26,667</td><td align='right'>26,645</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<h4><a name="PERIODICALS_SERVICE" id="PERIODICALS_SERVICE"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">PERIODICALS SERVICE</a></h4> + +<p>A total of 1,127 titles is now taken by the Wellington office, of which +821 copies are circulated regularly to Government Department libraries. +Four hundred and eighty copies are sent direct from the publishers to +the Country Library Service offices in Hamilton, Palmerston North, +and Christchurch, and are sent out regularly to 93 affiliated libraries. +In addition, the periodicals held in Wellington are available on short-term +loan to public and other libraries which are interested in them.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="SECTION_II_SCHOOL_LIBRARY_SERVICE" id="SECTION_II_SCHOOL_LIBRARY_SERVICE"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">SECTION II—SCHOOL LIBRARY SERVICE</a></h2> + + +<p>In 1941 the Minister of Education approved the establishment of a +New Zealand School Library Service, the purchasing of books to be +financed from the augmented item "School and Class Libraries" in +the vote "Education", the administration being undertaken by the +Country Library Service, as it then was. This new service was to provide +not school text books, but a wide and varied choice of books of high +imaginative quality or technical excellence, suitable for children at all +levels of ability and stages of development. The smaller and more remote +country schools were to be given priority. Books were to be freely +available for reading at home.</p> + +<p>The provision of supplies of books which circulate among schools goes +some way towards setting free the money for library books, available to +schools by way of annual capitation grant and from local contribution, +which is eligible for subsidy. These funds may then be used to build +at each school (a) a collection of such basic reference books as are +needed always at hand; (b) reading material for the preparatory classes; +(c) books of purely local interest; (d) other books which it is desired +to have permanently.</p> + +<p>By cooperation between the Education Board and the Dunedin City +Council considerable progress had been made in service to schools in +Otago since 1938. Vigorous exploitation of a book stock selected in +terms of children's interests followed the most enlightened overseas +practice, linking skilfully the activities of home, school, and public +library, as well as introducing to this country books not previously +known here.</p> + +<p>Beginning in Canterbury in March 1942 by incorporating the Travelling +Library for Rural Schools, the School Library Service has developed +until, today, exchanges of books are sent to 2,490 schools with a total +roll (excluding primers) of 298,317. These figures do not include those +for post-primary schools, which make use of the information and +request service only.</p> + +<p><a class="page" name="Page_11" id ="Page_11" title="11"></a>Services available to schools and to the <a name="smaller_public_libraries" id="smaller_public_libraries"></a>smaller public libraries can be +broadly defined as general exchanges of books, information and request +service, provision of book lists, and advice on library planning.</p> + +<p>General exchanges of books, changed regularly, are sent to all primary, +intermediate, and district high schools and the primary departments of +registered private schools which join the service, for the use of pupils +in Standard 1 and upwards. These books are intended mainly for +recreational reading, both at home and at school. The number sent in +each exchange is based on the school roll, exclusive of primer classes, +on a scale of not fewer than one per child, while for small schools it is +usually possible to increase this to two or three books per child. Exchanges +are made at least once a year, with further exchanges during the year +for smaller schools to the extent that books and staff make possible. Where +satisfactory arrangements for storage and adequate use can be made, +exchanges of suitable books are also sent to the smaller public libraries +which provide free service in their children's and young adults' sections. +The number of books sent is based on the population of the area controlled +by the local authority. Post-primary schools depending, as they +do, mainly on their own libraries, do not receive exchanges of books but +participate with the other schools in the information and request and +other services available. The post-primary departments of district high +schools are eligible for all services, including exchanges.</p> + +<p>The <a name="information_and_request_service" id="information_and_request_service"></a>information and request service, available to all schools which +have joined the service, supplies to both children and teachers, on short-term +loan, books and other material to meet individual needs not satisfied +by the general exchanges. The particular aim is to meet requests for +children's books and books for school purposes. Schools have been +urged to make the fullest use of this service which helps to ensure that +the right book reaches the child who needs it, for classroom activity or +any other worth-while purpose. Material for the personal or study needs +of teachers cannot usually be supplied by the School Library Service; +such requests can, however, be handed to the nearest public library +or "B" library group linked with the Country Library Service. When +schools are establishing new libraries extra help by way of special +collections or indefinite loans is given. All public libraries and groups +receiving library service from the Country Library Service may use the +information and request service. During the year 328,482 books were +sent out in response to requests.</p> + +<p>The preparation of <a name="book_lists" id="book_lists"></a>book lists, which have proved of value to schools +and public libraries has been continued this year. The supplements to +<i>Junior Fiction</i> and <i>Non-Fiction for Primary Schools</i> are annotated lists +of the better, recently published children's books, other than those +appearing in countries with which there are currency difficulties; these +supplements are distributed twice a year to schools and public libraries +which ask to be placed on a mailing list. "For the Post-primary Library", +a series of annotated lists of current titles, has been appearing regularly +in the <i>Education Gazette</i> since 16 July 1951. Public libraries and larger +post-primary schools will find further suggestions in the cyclostyled +series "Books for Young Adults" which appears at intervals; it includes +books for recreational reading and gives special consideration to suitable +adult titles. Other lists are prepared for publication as the need arises. +A bibliography of material published by the Service from its inception<a class="page" name="Page_12" id ="Page_12" title="12"></a> +in 1942 appeared in the annual report for the year ended 31 March 1956. +Since that date the following items have been added:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Books for young adults: List 5, October 1956; List 6, June 1957; List 7, +November 1957.</p> + +<p>Books for young people, 1957.</p> + +<p>Interim list of subject headings for New Zealand school libraries, o.p.</p> + +<p>Junior fiction.</p> + +<p>Supplements: April 1956 to September 1956; October 1956 to +March 1957; April 1957 to September 1957.</p> + +<p>Non-fiction for primary schools. (Supplements have title, <i>Junior +Non-fiction</i>.)</p> + +<p>Supplements: April 1956 to September 1956; October 1956 to +March 1957; April 1957 to September 1957.</p> + +<p>Quick-reference books for high-school libraries, 1956.</p> + +<p>Sets of books for French classes, August 1956.</p></div> + +<p>In addition to this published material, buying and reading lists are +constantly being prepared to meet the special needs of individual schools, +public libraries, and groups concerned with the reading of children and +adolescents.</p> + +<p>Assistance is given to schools planning new libraries or reorganising +existing libraries. The visiting of schools to give help where needed and to +discuss the use of books is still limited by staff shortages.</p> + +<p>Except for small parcels which are sent by post, books are distributed +in hampers or cartons by rail or road transport from 15 centres—North +Island: Whangarei and Hastings public libraries; offices of the Country +Library Service in Hamilton and Palmerston North and of the School +Library Service in Auckland, Napier, New Plymouth, Wanganui, and +Wellington. South Island: Greymouth, Timaru, Dunedin, and Invercargill +public libraries; the office of the Country Library Service in +Christchurch and of the School Library Service in Nelson. Schools are +usually served by the nearest School Library Service office.</p> + +<p>The headquarters office at Wellington is responsible for the coordination +of the service, for the selection, ordering, classifying, and +cataloguing of new books and their dispatch to district offices, the +maintenance of a comprehensive collection of children's and young +people's books used to meet requests which cannot be supplied from local +offices, and the distribution of books to schools and public libraries in +or near Wellington city and the Hutt Valley. To enable children at +smaller country schools to see and to choose for themselves from a wide +range of books, the possibilities of service by book van are being +considered.</p> + +<p>Since its establishment schools joining the service have paid a subscription +at the rate of 1s. per pupil (Standard 1 and upwards) for +each of the first two years. Ministerial authority was given during the +year to discontinue this levy.</p> + +<p>Schools borrowing books are asked to accept responsibility for (a) safe-keeping +of books while on loan to the school, including books issued +to members of staff for school use; (b) return of books when due; (c) +payment for books lost or damaged beyond fair wear and tear; (d) payment +of freight and postal charges from school to School Library Service +office.</p> + +<p><a class="page" name="Page_13" id ="Page_13" title="13"></a>Books are made available to special institutions controlled by the +Education Department. Primary pupils of the Correspondence School +are provided with individual postal service from district offices. Child +welfare institutions, training centres, health camps, and other special +groups are given service according to their needs. Teachers' training +colleges, young people's groups, kindergartens, and nursery play centre +supervisors are also helped. Visits to School Library Service offices by +teachers in training are arranged wherever possible.</p> + +<p><a name="Assistance_to_several_Pacific_Island_schools" id="Assistance_to_several_Pacific_Island_schools"></a>Assistance to several Pacific Island schools has been continued from +the Auckland office by means of extended loans. Under this system the +schools receive an original bulk loan which they check annually, reporting +losses and returning damaged and worn books for replacement, +wherever possible, by new titles, so that loans will not degenerate into +collections of old books. The schools concerned were listed in last year's +annual report. The desirability of extension of this service is constantly +in review.</p> + +<p>During the year members of the staff acted as librarians at the usual +teachers' refresher courses. Appropriate collections of books always +create considerable interest. Discussions at these courses have been helpful +in the selection of books and have brought about an increased +awareness of the uses of books in a wide range of schools.</p> + +<p>Below are tables showing details of the School Library Service as at +31 March 1958. The figures for the number of "schools" and "pupils" +include those for primary schools and post-primary departments of +district high schools but do not include those for other post-primary +schools as these do not receive general exchanges of books. (Figures in +parentheses are for the previous year.)</p> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left' style="width: 50%;"> </td><td align='center' colspan="2">Schools<br />Receiving<br />Exchanges</td><td align='center' colspan="2">Pupils<br />(Standard 1<br />and upwards)</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Education Board schools</td><td align='right'>2,004</td><td align='right'>(1,973)</td><td align='right'>252,469</td><td align='right'>(241,148)</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Departmental schools and institutions</td><td align='right'>211</td><td align='right'>(216)</td><td align='right'>13,996</td><td align='right'>(14,270)</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Private schools</td><td align='right'>275</td><td align='right'>(260)</td><td align='right'>31,852</td><td align='right'>(28,175)</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'> </td><td><hr class="total" /></td><td><hr class="total" /></td><td><hr class="total" /></td><td><hr class="total" /></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>Totals</td><td align='right'>2,490</td><td align='right'>(2,449)</td><td align='right'>298,317</td><td align='right'>(283,593)</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p><br /></p> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left' style="width: 60%;"> </td><td align='center' colspan="2">Year Ended 31 March</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Books Supplied</td><td align='center'>1958</td><td align='center'>1957</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>In exchanges to—</td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>All schools, Standard 1 to Form II</td><td align='right'>676,637</td><td align='right'>648,816</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>District high schools, Form III to Form VI</td><td align='right'>34,452</td><td align='right'>32,439</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Public libraries, children's departments</td><td align='right'>34,639</td><td align='right'>30,926</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Public libraries, young people's sections</td><td align='right'>22,724</td><td align='right'>22,307</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'> </td><td><hr class="total" /></td><td><hr class="total" /></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>Total for exchanges</td><td align='right'>768,452</td><td align='right'>734,488</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p><br /></p> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left' style="width: 70%;">On request and in loan collections, including indefinite loans—</td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Primary</td><td align='right'>263,374</td><td align='right'>244,175</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Post-primary</td><td align='right'>72,956</td><td align='right'>78,358</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'> </td><td><hr class="total" /></td><td><hr class="total" /></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>Totals</td><td align='right'>1,104,782</td><td align='right'>1,057,021</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p><i>Book Stock</i>—Additions to stock were 70,228 fiction and 48,789 non-fiction. +Withdrawals were 47,645 fiction and 11,834 non-fiction. The +stock now stands at 1,091,189, of which 656,911 are fiction and 434,278 +are non-fiction. One thousand four hundred and sixty-nine new titles +were added during the year.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a class="page" name="Page_14" id ="Page_14" title="14"></a><a name="SECTION_III_LIBRARY_SCHOOL" id="SECTION_III_LIBRARY_SCHOOL"></a><b><a href="#CONTENTS">SECTION III—LIBRARY SCHOOL</a></b></h2> + + +<h3>1957 PROFESSIONAL COURSE</h3> + +<p>At the end of November nine diplomas and five certificates were +awarded to 14 students who completed the course. For health reasons +one student accepted under the Colombo Plan returned to his own +country at the end of the first term. Of the successful students two +returned to the libraries in which they had been employed before +attending the school, three were appointed librarians of smaller public +libraries, four joined the staffs of city public libraries, two are now +members of the School Library Service staff, and one the librarian of +the Central Military District. The two holders of UNESCO Fellowships +are consolidating their training by carrying out practical work in the +Delhi Public Library for three months.</p> + +<h3>1958 PROFESSIONAL COURSE</h3> + +<p>This course began on 4 March with 17 New Zealand students and the +three Indonesian students who have been working in libraries in New +Zealand since February 1957.</p> + +<p>Four students have a master's and nine a bachelor's degree in arts, +one a bachelor's degree in music, and two are holders of the New Zealand +Library Association's Certificate.</p> + +<h3>NEW ZEALAND LIBRARY ASSOCIATION TRAINING COURSE</h3> + +<p>Part II of this course was held at the Library School from 14 +January to 15 February. Twenty-two students attended and all were +recommended for the award of the Association's certificate.</p> + +<h3>1957 SHORT COURSE</h3> + +<p>A short course for librarians and library assistants mainly from smaller +public libraries was held from 12 to 31 August. There were 21 students +from the following public libraries: Birkenhead, Blenheim, Dargaville, +Devonport, Hawera, Howick, Huntly, Inglewood, Kaiapoi, Kaikohe, +Kaitaia, Martinborough, Mataura, Nelson Institute, Otaki, Palmerston, +Rangiora, Taumarunui, Upper Hutt, Waiuku, Warkworth, and a field +librarian from the Country Library Service, Hamilton.</p> + +<p>In addition to lectures and practical exercises, several hours were set +aside for the informal discussion of problems and special questions raised +by the students. Senior members of National Library Service headquarters +joined the staff of the school in these discussions.</p> + +<p>Limits imposed by the size of the school made it necessary to defer +acceptance of some students eligible for this course.</p> + +<p>A short course on similar lines will be offered again in August this +year to librarians or library assistants of small public libraries who are +not able to take advantage of other means of training.</p> + +<p>As in previous years we wish to acknowledge the valuable contribution +made to these courses by visiting lecturers and the libraries which lend +us books.</p> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><b><a name="SECTION_IV_NATIONAL_LIBRARY_CENTRE" id="SECTION_IV_NATIONAL_LIBRARY_CENTRE"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">SECTION IV—NATIONAL LIBRARY CENTRE</a></b></h2> + +<p>The National Library Centre, in addition to acting as the division +responsible for the headquarters work of the Service, has continued to +promote the cooperative use of library resources. Staff at headquarters<a class="page" name="Page_15" id ="Page_15" title="15"></a> +are still working under very difficult conditions and there is a continuing +and pressing need both for administrative working space and adequate +housing for the book collections.</p> + +<p><i><a name="Inter-library_Loan" id="Inter-library_Loan"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">Inter-library Loan</a></i>—All inter-library loan requests for books and +periodicals the location of which is not known are sent to the National +Centre. Items which are not found in the Union Catalogue of non-fiction +books, the <i>Union List of Serials</i>, or other bibliographical sources +are listed in the weekly publication <i>Book Resources</i>, which is sent to 39 +libraries for checking.</p> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='center' rowspan="2"> </td><td align='center' colspan="2">1956-57</td><td align='center' colspan="2">1957-58</td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'>Number</td><td align='center'>Percentage</td><td align='center'>Number</td><td align='center'>Percentage</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Interloan cards received</td><td align='right'>7,197</td><td align='right'>100.0</td><td align='right'>7,640</td><td align='right'>100.0</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Supplied from National Library Service</td><td align='right'>4,312</td><td align='right'>59.9</td><td align='right'>4,411</td><td align='right'>57.7</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Supplied from other Wellington libraries</td><td align='right'>171</td><td align='right'>2.4</td><td align='right'>139</td><td align='right'>1.8</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Supplied from Union Catalogue records</td><td align='right'>949</td><td align='right'>13.2</td><td align='right'>1,055</td><td align='right'>13.8</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Supplied from <i>Union List of Serials</i></td><td align='right'>101</td><td align='right'>1.4</td><td align='right'>173</td><td align='right'>2.3</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Not supplied for various reasons</td><td align='right'>641</td><td align='right'>8.9</td><td align='right'>664</td><td align='right'>8.7</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Listed on <i>Book Resources</i></td><td align='right'>1,023</td><td align='right'>14.2</td><td align='right'>1,198</td><td align='right'>15.7</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>Four hundred and seventy-five titles not found in any library were +ordered for national stock.</p> + +<p>The number of requests received by the centre represents probably +less than half the total volume of traffic among New Zealand libraries, +the proportion of direct interloan being higher in the special and +university libraries. Interloan was devised and introduced among libraries +by the New Zealand Library Association and in its operation the +responsibility of the National Library Service is not merely to act as +a clearing house but to provide all the material it reasonably can to +make the system effective. Other libraries participate reciprocally, or +lend so that they may the more freely borrow. The contribution, as has +always been expected, is a varying one and one or two libraries may +consider that they have a substantial and unrealisable credit balance in +their favour. The point beyond which certain libraries may feel they +cannot go in the common interest has not so far been determined +administratively but it may be necessary to consider this. If so, it is +better that it be done quantitatively on the basis of a common library +policy rather than that the present procedure should become an +embarrassment or be administered capriciously or conservatively.</p> + +<p><i><a name="Central_Bureau_for_Library_Book_Imports" id="Central_Bureau_for_Library_Book_Imports"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">Central Bureau for Library Book Imports</a></i>—After the introduction of +import control in January the Government approved that the facilities +of the bureau should be extended to meet the situation and assure +libraries of their essential supplies. The bureau was set up in 1940 +as a responsibility of the Country Library Service as a result of discussions +between the Government and the Library Association. Because +libraries undertook to avoid unnecessary duplication and develop cooperative +ways of recording and using their holdings, the 50 per cent +cut in book imports made in 1939 was restored and the necessary +machinery established to safeguard the country's supply of essential +publications.</p> + +<p>The situation now is that recommendations for licences are made to the +Comptroller of Customs in two categories: firstly, block licence in annual<a class="page" name="Page_16" id ="Page_16" title="16"></a> +or six-monthly lots to cover a full licensing period, on behalf of public +libraries serving a population of 20,000 and over, university libraries, and +a few special libraries; secondly, individual recommendations on behalf +of smaller libraries which are made on the basis of orders sent in when +making application. Book-sellers are expected to give libraries a proportionate +share of their 1956 transactions on which their current licence +would be computed.</p> + +<p>Block licence recommendations, normally made at the end of the +year—and for some years only for anticipated imports from scheduled +countries, chiefly the dollar area—were held over until the present +calendar year and statistically will be included in the figures for the +1958 licensing period.</p> + +<p><i><a name="Libraries_of_Government_Departments" id="Libraries_of_Government_Departments"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">Libraries of Government Departments</a></i>—A total of £45,357 was spent +on behalf of Government Departments financed from the Consolidated +Fund and purchasing through the National Library Service. Of this +total, £25,344 was for standing orders, chiefly periodical subscriptions. +The value, nationally, of a range of periodicals wider than that which +is now received by all the libraries would scarcely be disputed, but the +degree of duplication between and particularly within Departments +continues to cause concern.</p> + +<p><i><a name="Book_Resources_Committee_of_the_New_Zealand_Library_Association" id="Book_Resources_Committee_of_the_New_Zealand_Library_Association"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">Book Resources Committee of the New Zealand Library Association</a></i>—The +Book Resources Committee of which the Librarian, National Centre, +is Secretary, has continued to act as the national planning and advisory +body in the cooperative acquisition, recording, and use of publications. +In June and July of this year Dr K. D. Metcalf, Librarian Emeritus of +Harvard, at the joint invitation of the United States Educational Foundation +in New Zealand and the New Zealand Government, will visit New +Zealand. Dr Metcalf will visit the main centres and will have discussions +with the committee and the Government on policy matters.</p> + +<p><i><a name="Union_Catalogue" id="Union_Catalogue"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">Union Catalogue</a></i>—During the year 26,033 new titles were added +including 2,928 from the microfilmed record of library catalogues. The +catalogue now includes over 400,000 entries.</p> + + +<h3><a name="BIBLIOGRAPHICAL_SECTION" id="BIBLIOGRAPHICAL_SECTION"></a><a href="#CONTENTS">BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SECTION</a></h3> + +<p><i>Union List of Serials</i>—The typing and printing of the sixth (cumulative) +supplement to the <i>Union List of Serials</i> has commenced and +publication is anticipated early in 1959.</p> + +<p><i>Index to New Zealand Periodicals</i>—The 1956 issue of the index, the +first for which the National Library Service has accepted the responsibility +of publication, was printed by photo-offset and distributed. +The 1957 issue is being prepared in the same way. The possibility of +simplifying production by printing direct from the typed cards is being +explored.</p> + +<p><i>General</i>—Printed catalogue cards for 247 New Zealand books and +pamphlets were issued during the year. Work on the national bibliography, +from 1890 to 1950, has continued and it is hoped to commence +the typing of a preliminary check list of holdings at the end of the year.</p> + + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">by authority:</span></p> +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">r. e. owen, government printer, wellington, new zealand</span>—1958</p> +<p class="noindent"><i>Price 1 s.</i></p> +<p class="right">96098-58 G</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Report of the National Library Service +for the Year Ended 31 March 1958, by G. T. Alley and National Library Service (New Zealand) + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NATIONAL LIBRARY SERVICE *** + +***** This file should be named 19780-h.htm or 19780-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/9/7/8/19780/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ah Kit, Mark C. 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Alley and National Library Service (New Zealand) + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Report of the National Library Service for the Year Ended 31 March 1958 + +Author: G. T. Alley and National Library Service (New Zealand) + +Release Date: November 13, 2006 [EBook #19780] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NATIONAL LIBRARY SERVICE *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ah Kit, Mark C. Orton, Ralph Janke, +New Zealand Parliamentary Library and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + +[Coat of Arms] + + + + +REPORT + +OF THE + +NATIONAL LIBRARY SERVICE + +FOR THE YEAR ENDED + +31 MARCH 1958 + + +_Presented to the House of Representatives by Leave_ + + +BY AUTHORITY: R. E. OWEN, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, WELLINGTON, NEW +ZEALAND--1958 + + + + +CONTENTS + + + PAGE + +Letter of Transmission 3 + Scientific, Technical, and Commercial Library Service 3 + Regional and District Library Service 4 + National Library Proposal 5 + Book Stock 5 + Request Service 5 + Expenditure 5 + +Country Library Service 6 + Free Public Libraries 6 + Book Van 7 + Minimum Standards for Public Libraries Participating in the + Country Library Service 8 + Independent Subscription Libraries 9 + Hamper Service 9 + Lighthouse Service 9 + Free Service to Ministry of Works, State Hydro-electric, and + New Zealand Forest Service Camps and Stations 9 + Hospital and Institutional Library Service 9 + Loan Collections 10 + Periodicals Service 10 + +School Library Service 10 + Loans to Smaller Public Libraries 11 + Information and Request Service 11 + Book List 11 + Assistance to Islands Schools 13 + +Library School 14 + +National Library Centre 14 + Inter-library Loan 15 + Central Bureau for Library Book Imports 15 + Libraries of Government Departments 16 + Book Resources Committee of the NZLA 16 + Union Catalogue 16 + Bibliographical Section 16 + + + + +The Hon. the MINISTER OF EDUCATION. + + +Wellington, 16 July 1958. + +SIR, + +I have the honour to submit the following report of the activities of +the National Library Service. The report covers the work of the Service +as a whole and its four divisions--Country Library Service, School +Library Service, Library School, and National Library Centre. + +The functions of the Service may be summed up as the provision of such +assistance to any New Zealand library maintained directly or indirectly +from public funds as circumstances and policy permit. More specifically, +help is given by a lending service to rural, borough, and county +libraries, by the provision of books for school libraries, by advancing +professional training through the Library School, and by maintenance of +records of all library holdings of books and periodicals, as well as +other facilities and stock to aid the cooperative use of this material. + +The National Library Service was formed in 1945 from the Country Library +Service by Cabinet decision with the strong support of the New Zealand +Library Association. During the war the Country Library Service had been +given responsibility for several tasks of national scope, such as the +War Library Service, the Central Bureau for Library Book Imports, the +formation of a Union Catalogue, and the operation of part of the +inter-library loan scheme. + +The Country Library Service, which began in 1938, has maintained +its van services to rural areas and has been brought into closer +contact with its districts by decentralisation to three district +offices--Christchurch in 1944, Palmerston North in 1948, and Hamilton +in 1953. + +The number of free libraries regularly receiving service has grown to +112. Special assistance in a number of cases has been given to libraries +serving a population of up to 50,000 operating a free and rental +service. The assistance given to the Gisborne and Wanganui Public +Libraries has continued. New Plymouth Public Library which changed to +free service in November 1957, and Palmerston North Public Library, +which is expanding its service, have also received assistance. The +fundamental principle of encouraging full local responsibility for +adequate rate-supported libraries has continued. + +The School Library Service has continued to bring a wide range and +variety of books to school children, the rate of issue now exceeding one +million copies annually. Distribution is effected through 15 centres. + +During the year this Service received three valuable sets of books +chosen to represent all phases of American life and thought. The +Carnegie Corporation of New York made these sets available to some 26 +libraries in New Zealand. + +_Scientific, Technical, and Commercial Library Service_--A +recommendation has been made by the New Zealand Library Association that +impetus be given to scientific and technical library service, chiefly +through public libraries. At a time when increasing reliance is being +placed on the efficiency of our secondary industry the necessity of +providing the fullest technical information to aid manufacturers will be +apparent. Authority was obtained 12 years ago to establish such a +service but it was not then possible to obtain qualified persons to +begin it. It is hoped that conditions will permit a senior appointment +during the present financial year to inaugurate the service. + +_Regional and District Library Service_--Study has continued on the +problems of ensuring an efficient and soundly based library service for +New Zealand's whole population. The problems facing a local authority +overseas with a population of 2,000,000 within a radius of a few miles +are minor ones compared with those facing New Zealand library +authorities, where the secondary cities are small, where the pattern of +local government is uneven, and where the population as a whole has a +high standard of education and is avid for books. Costs in New Zealand, +per head of population, are bound to be relatively high; vigilance is +necessary to ensure that they are no higher than they need be. + +It has been apparent that cooperation between local authorities will be +the major factor in making economies on a national scale. A note of the +work of the Working Party on Library Cooperation of 27-28 August 1956 +appeared in last year's annual report, and it was recorded that the +Minister of Education, at the request of the New Zealand Library +Association, had authorised payment of travelling expenses for its +Committee on Regional Planning to enable its work to be carried out. + +The committee worked during the year and met in Wellington for two +full-day sessions on 6 and 7 June 1957 for consideration of the +"establishment of regional and district library services as the best +method of providing a more effective library service for the whole +country". Its report was made to the New Zealand Library Association. +After consideration by the executive of the Local Authorities Section, +some amendments were made and the report published by the Association as +_Co-operation: A New Phase_. Fifteen hundred copies were printed and +were circulated to all local authorities for discussion. + +The report states: + +"1. The main problems facing public libraries are: + + (i) The unfair distribution over the whole community of the costs + of library service. + + (ii) The continuing growth of the cost of municipal government to + the point where it has become an embarrassment to the cities + and boroughs concerned. + + (iii) The failure of some local authorities to provide for library + services." + +"8. The basic factor in improving library services will be cooperation +among local authorities. Such cooperation should be the condition of +increased Government assistance." + +"10. Government assistance to such federations should take the form of +cash subsidies on all expenditure approved for subsidy by the +federation, and by the Minister (or National Library Board)." + +This report formed the main topic of discussion at the New Zealand +Library Association conference in Invercargill in February 1958. The +Association approached the Government for favourable consideration of +the proposals contained in the report on 11 April 1958. + +In the meantime the work of the Royal Commission on Local Government +Finance is being followed carefully, as its findings will have +considerable bearing on the problem of library finance. + +An effort is also being made to foster among local authorities the +willingness to cooperate, but progress in this field is slow. + +_National Library Proposal_--The report of the Working Party of the +Public Service Commission on the National Library proposal was earlier +considered by the Government, which had approved it in principle. The +House of Representatives last year approved the terms of reference of a +Select Committee to be appointed to make recommendations for "ways and +means of carrying out the decision of the Government to establish a +National Library" and to consider various other associated matters. The +decision to appoint such a Committee was reaffirmed in February 1958, +the Committee was named shortly afterwards and has since met on several +occasions. Independently of any solution of the accommodation problems +of the Service which such a move might bring, the proposal merits the +most careful consideration. + +_Book Stock_--During the year, 19,283 fiction and 35,573 non-fiction +were added to stock, a total of 54,856. Of these, 10,442 separate titles +of non-fiction and 205 fiction titles were added to the headquarters +collection, which now contains approximately 135,000 titles together +with 11,000 volumes of periodicals; 15,305 volumes were +withdrawn--12,134 fiction and 3,171 non-fiction--making the net +additions 39,551. The total of headquarters and Country Library Service +stock now amounts to 652,308, comprising 176,600 fiction and 475,708 +non-fiction. As at 31 March 1958 the stock of the School Library Service +was 1,091,189 the grand total of stock in the Service as a whole being +1,743,497. + +_Request Service_--All libraries and groups receiving library service +from the Country Library Service and all Government Departments may ask +for special short-term loans of books of an informational type from the +headquarters stock of this Service and, in addition, the headquarters +stock is used extensively to satisfy inter-library loan requests. (See +also the report of the Librarian, National Library Centre.) + + BOOKS REQUESTED AND SUPPLIED + Year Ended 31 March Increase + 1957 1958 Per Cent + +To Country Library Service libraries 55,782 61,870 10.9 +To Government Department libraries 6,423 6,998 8.9 +To interloan libraries 8,051 8,801 9.3 + + Total issues 70,256 77,669 10.6 + +During the year, 26,047 requests (an increase of 9.2 per cent) were +referred to Wellington. Of the total issues, 4,975 were books belonging +to other libraries throughout New Zealand, whose willing cooperation is +gratefully acknowledged. + +_Expenditure_--Expenditure under Subdivision XII, vote "Education", for +the year was L264,956. This figure includes L94,544 for the purchase of +books, of which L45,357 was for books and periodicals on behalf of +Government Departments. The expenditure on behalf of Departments +represents 12,146 books and standing orders for approximately 11,000 +serial publications. + +Expenditure under Subdivision III for the purchase of books by the +School Library Service was L50,580. + +G. T. ALLEY, Director. + + + + +SECTION I--COUNTRY LIBRARY SERVICE + + +On 31 March 1958, 989 towns and small centres were receiving regular +loans of books, an increase of 32 centres over the previous year. In +addition, 54 Ministry of Works, State Hydro-electric, and New Zealand +Forest Service camps and stations were given library service. Books are +also on loan to six places in the Chatham Islands, and to Niue, +Rarotonga, and Pitcairn Island. Free loans of books on a population +basis are given to mental hospitals and prisons situated both in country +and urban districts. + +Books, periodicals, and information are available to country people in +the following ways: + +(a) Free loans of books on a population basis to libraries controlled by + the local authorities, which in turn agree to make their libraries + free and to maintain reasonable standards of library service. + +(b) Loans of books to independent subscription public libraries at a + small annual charge per fifty books loaned. + +(c) Loans of books through hamper collections to isolated groups of + readers at a small annual charge. + +(d) Free loans of books to lighthouse keepers and similar very remote + readers. + +(e) Free loans of books on a population basis to Ministry of Works, + State Hydro-electric, and New Zealand Forest Service camps. + +All libraries served under (a) and (b) and the majority under (c) +receive regular visits from one of the especially equipped book vans of +this Service; at least three visits being paid to each library during a +normal year. In addition, all persons, by whichever of the above means +they receive library service, may obtain loans of requested books by +post. + + +FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES: "A" SERVICE + +On 31 March 1958 there were participating in the service 107 libraries +controlled by the following local authorities: + +Administrative counties 5 +Borough councils 94 +Independent town districts 6 +Dependent town districts 2 + +In addition, the following counties contribute to the funds of a public +library supplying a free service to county residents: + +County Public Library +----------- -------------- +Eltham Eltham +Patea Waverley +Wairoa Wairoa +Golden Bay Takaka +Lake Queenstown + +These libraries served an estimated local population of 437,000, with a +considerable number in surrounding areas. Besides the many requested +books and periodicals 91,954 books are on regular loan to them. + +By arrangement with the Waitemata, Patangata, Egmont, and Rangitikei +County Councils the public libraries at Titirangi, Otane, Opunake, and +Bulls respectively receive a free service. + +Library buildings continue to improve. During the year new libraries +were opened in Geraldine, Greymouth, New Lynn, and Morrinsville, and new +buildings are planned in several other centres. This Service continues +to assist in making available material on good overseas practice and New +Zealand achievement. Assistance is also given in the design of the +interiors of libraries and in specifications for equipment. + +The best results are achieved when a local authority and the librarian +prepare a written building programme, specifying the functions of the +library, the various areas to be provided, the relationship between +each, the number of books, readers, and librarians to be accommodated, +and the equipment to be housed for efficient service. Such a document +gives a clear directive to the architect, but at the same time allows +him complete freedom of expression in designing the building. + +The shortage of trained librarians continues. Three students from the +1957 Library School professional course accepted positions in public +libraries serving centres of under 20,000 population, but they were all +replacements for qualified librarians who had taken library work in +other fields, so there was no net gain. There was at least one public +library in a small town unable to fill its vacancy for a qualified +librarian. + +The short course for librarians from smaller centres, held at the +Library School from 12 to 30 August 1957, was of great value to the +participating librarians. The demand for training is very great and, +with such eagerness to learn, the training given is immediately +effective. + +Cooperation between libraries participating in the Country Library +Service has been developing slowly. A little more interest has been +shown in the cooperative book-buying scheme fostered by this Service. +There are now 22 libraries taking part. Libraries working together in +this way for the first time this year are Blenheim, Cambridge, Kaikoura, +Morrinsville, Picton, Putaruru, and Te Kuiti. + +Assistance in staffing was given to the public libraries at Morrinsville +and Picton for reorganisation and extension of local services. Field +librarians continue to advise and assist on their regular visits. + +A collection of 300 books was lent to the New Zealand IGY party at Scott +Base, Ross Dependency, as had been done in the case of the New Zealand +Antarctic Expedition a year earlier. + +During the year ministerial approval was given for provision of a +full-time librarian and complete service to be granted to the library at +the new Benmore camp, subject to the Ministry of Works providing a +satisfactory building. + +_Book Van_--During the year one of three book vans operating in the +South Island was replaced. Using experience gained in recent +replacements in the North Island the new van is constructed of aluminium +alloy on a four-ton, long-wheel-base chassis. Particular care was taken +in providing good sealing against dust and water, adequate natural +lighting, and the best possible insulation. + +Excellent insulation is achieved by a thick layer of expanded +polystyrene on all sides, roof, and floor. Very efficient lighting +without excessive heat problems has been provided by the installation of +two large roof lights of double glazed, toughened, anti-sun polished +plate, the upper light being held an inch above the roof line with a +free flow of air between the panes. This form of construction has +contributed to the good handling qualities of the van. Approximately +2,000 books are carried. + +_Minimum Standards for Public Libraries Participating in the Country +Library Service_--Overseas, most national and State organisations +consider it their responsibility to publish statements of standard +library practice, and codes for its evaluation. The most important +statement is _Public Library Service: A Guide to Evaluation, with +Minimum Standards_, which was approved by the Council of the American +Library Association and published by the Association in Chicago in 1956. + +In 1952 the New Zealand Library Association Standards Research Committee +prepared its "Basic Standards for New Zealand Libraries, 1952", which +was published in _New Zealand Libraries 15_:121-131; 145-150, Jl-Ag, S +'52. This was based on the survey attempted by the visiting American +librarian, Miss Miriam Tompkins, in 1950, but was not a formal +pronouncement of the Association. + +For the Country Library Service the problem has been present since 1938. +Assistance to local authorities has been given on three conditions, +approved by the Minister of Education at the inception of the Service. +The third of these conditions is that the "local authority should +maintain the library at a reasonable standard of service". + +Country Library Service assistance to libraries has always been planned +as service to assist local effort, not to supplant it. Where the local +service does not reach a certain standard a certain proportion of the +Country Library Service assistance loses its force. No matter how much +the assistance is increased the local people cannot benefit fully from +it unless the local authority houses it in a fair building, grafts it on +to a reasonable local book collection, and has the whole serviced by an +active and informed librarian. Continuity of good service is assured +only when the basic objectives of library service are enunciated and +clearly understood by the local authority. + +Local authorities have not abused the flexible interpretation given to +the "reasonable standard of service" condition, but have appreciated the +fact that the Country Library Service always took into consideration any +local difficulties that existed. Libraries generously supported by their +local authorities without exception have made full use of all the +services the Government has offered, and the local people have benefited +from a first-class library service in its fullest cultural and +educational sense. + +Local provision has naturally varied, but since 1950 the pattern of +local achievement has become more apparent, and the possibility was seen +of drawing up some code for evaluation. Local authorities participating +in this service were consulted and agreed to provide statistical notes +on their own work. These data formed the basis of a draft statement +which set out standards under headings of functions, service, staff, +books, and buildings, and which was sent to local authorities for +comment. It was gratifying to receive replies from so many, saying that +they would consider such a statement quite fair and reasonable. +Accordingly, the "Minimum Standards for Public Libraries Participating +in the Country Library Service" was approved by the Minister of +Education on 22 April 1958 and issued formally. + +The document emphasises that it gives standards for minimum provision, +and that local authorities aiming to give good service will not be +satisfied until they are exceeded. That they are exceeded in several +centres is a matter for congratulation, and the local authorities +concerned have reason to be proud of their libraries, and are in every +case anxious to maintain their good record. + + +SMALL INDEPENDENT SUBSCRIPTION LIBRARIES: "B" SERVICE + +During the year, 832 of these libraries were linked with this Service, +compared with 801 for the previous year. Of these libraries, 253 are +served from Hamilton, 191 from Palmerston North, and 388 from +Christchurch. + +Altogether 75,997 books were on loan to the 832 libraries, an average of +over 91 books per library. Over the past 10 years the average for each +library has increased from 79 books, or 15 per cent, thus demonstrating +the increasing interest that country readers are taking in the type of +books supplied by this Service. The figures shown as basic issues do not +include the thousands of books loaned to these libraries on short term +through the "request service". + + +"C" OR HAMPER SERVICE + +In places where no library exists and where it is not possible for one +to be formed and visited by a book van, a service to properly +established groups by means of hampers is provided. During the year 45 +of these groups received service, there being 3,325 books on regular +loan to them. The hamper service is also extended to six places in the +Chatham Islands and to Pitcairn Island. + + +LIGHTHOUSE SERVICE + +The postal service has been continued to lighthouse keepers, fire +lookouts in State Forests, and a few very remote readers in coastal +islands. During the year a total of 1,851 books was issued, mostly by a +hamper service. + + +FREE SERVICE TO MINISTRY OF WORKS, STATE HYDRO-ELECTRIC, AND NEW ZEALAND +FOREST SERVICE CAMPS AND STATIONS + +During the year 54 camps or stations received visits from the book van, +in addition to one receiving hamper service from the Christchurch +office. Altogether 7,691 books are on loan to such places. + + +HOSPITAL AND INSTITUTIONAL SERVICE + +Visits have continued from the book vans to 12 general hospitals with an +exchange of 1,405 books. Twelve mental hospitals received 3,910 books +and 13 prisons 3,125 books. During the year assistance has been given to +the Department of Justice in book and periodical selection. + +Difficulties occur from time to time in connection with the service to +prisons and mental hospitals. They arise from the lack of supervision of +these libraries by trained library staff. Officers engaged in other +duties are not in a position to organise the full service which would be +of such benefit to patients and prisoners. + +From the special TB collection 1,620 books were exchanged at +four-monthly intervals for 15 sanatoria and tuberculosis wards of public +hospitals. Three hundred and thirteen books were sent on request (250 +non-fiction and 63 fiction). Sixty-four requests could not be fulfilled +as the required books were not available through the stock or through +purchase, and the resources of other collections are not used for these +borrowers. + + +LOAN COLLECTIONS + +Collections of books, pamphlets, and periodicals to illustrate +particular subjects are available for short periods not only to +affiliated libraries but also to university and the larger public +libraries. + + +USE OF LOAN COLLECTIONS + + Year ended 31 March + 1957 1958 + +Number of collections sent 628 640 +Number of books included 26,667 26,645 + + +PERIODICALS SERVICE + +A total of 1,127 titles is now taken by the Wellington office, of which +821 copies are circulated regularly to Government Department libraries. +Four hundred and eighty copies are sent direct from the publishers to +the Country Library Service offices in Hamilton, Palmerston North, and +Christchurch, and are sent out regularly to 93 affiliated libraries. In +addition, the periodicals held in Wellington are available on short-term +loan to public and other libraries which are interested in them. + + + + +SECTION II--SCHOOL LIBRARY SERVICE + + +In 1941 the Minister of Education approved the establishment of a New +Zealand School Library Service, the purchasing of books to be financed +from the augmented item "School and Class Libraries" in the vote +"Education", the administration being undertaken by the Country Library +Service, as it then was. This new service was to provide not school text +books, but a wide and varied choice of books of high imaginative quality +or technical excellence, suitable for children at all levels of ability +and stages of development. The smaller and more remote country schools +were to be given priority. Books were to be freely available for reading +at home. + +The provision of supplies of books which circulate among schools goes +some way towards setting free the money for library books, available to +schools by way of annual capitation grant and from local contribution, +which is eligible for subsidy. These funds may then be used to build at +each school (a) a collection of such basic reference books as are needed +always at hand; (b) reading material for the preparatory classes; (c) +books of purely local interest; (d) other books which it is desired to +have permanently. + +By cooperation between the Education Board and the Dunedin City Council +considerable progress had been made in service to schools in Otago since +1938. Vigorous exploitation of a book stock selected in terms of +children's interests followed the most enlightened overseas practice, +linking skilfully the activities of home, school, and public library, as +well as introducing to this country books not previously known here. + +Beginning in Canterbury in March 1942 by incorporating the Travelling +Library for Rural Schools, the School Library Service has developed +until, today, exchanges of books are sent to 2,490 schools with a total +roll (excluding primers) of 298,317. These figures do not include those +for post-primary schools, which make use of the information and request +service only. + +Services available to schools and to the smaller public libraries can be +broadly defined as general exchanges of books, information and request +service, provision of book lists, and advice on library planning. + +General exchanges of books, changed regularly, are sent to all primary, +intermediate, and district high schools and the primary departments of +registered private schools which join the service, for the use of pupils +in Standard 1 and upwards. These books are intended mainly for +recreational reading, both at home and at school. The number sent in +each exchange is based on the school roll, exclusive of primer classes, +on a scale of not fewer than one per child, while for small schools it +is usually possible to increase this to two or three books per child. +Exchanges are made at least once a year, with further exchanges during +the year for smaller schools to the extent that books and staff make +possible. Where satisfactory arrangements for storage and adequate use +can be made, exchanges of suitable books are also sent to the smaller +public libraries which provide free service in their children's and +young adults' sections. The number of books sent is based on the +population of the area controlled by the local authority. Post-primary +schools depending, as they do, mainly on their own libraries, do not +receive exchanges of books but participate with the other schools in the +information and request and other services available. The post-primary +departments of district high schools are eligible for all services, +including exchanges. + +The information and request service, available to all schools which have +joined the service, supplies to both children and teachers, on +short-term loan, books and other material to meet individual needs not +satisfied by the general exchanges. The particular aim is to meet +requests for children's books and books for school purposes. Schools +have been urged to make the fullest use of this service which helps to +ensure that the right book reaches the child who needs it, for classroom +activity or any other worth-while purpose. Material for the personal or +study needs of teachers cannot usually be supplied by the School Library +Service; such requests can, however, be handed to the nearest public +library or "B" library group linked with the Country Library Service. +When schools are establishing new libraries extra help by way of special +collections or indefinite loans is given. All public libraries and +groups receiving library service from the Country Library Service may +use the information and request service. During the year 328,482 books +were sent out in response to requests. + +The preparation of book lists, which have proved of value to schools and +public libraries has been continued this year. The supplements to +_Junior Fiction_ and _Non-Fiction for Primary Schools_ are annotated +lists of the better, recently published children's books, other than +those appearing in countries with which there are currency difficulties; +these supplements are distributed twice a year to schools and public +libraries which ask to be placed on a mailing list. "For the +Post-primary Library", a series of annotated lists of current titles, +has been appearing regularly in the _Education Gazette_ since 16 July +1951. Public libraries and larger post-primary schools will find further +suggestions in the cyclostyled series "Books for Young Adults" which +appears at intervals; it includes books for recreational reading and +gives special consideration to suitable adult titles. Other lists are +prepared for publication as the need arises. A bibliography of material +published by the Service from its inception in 1942 appeared in the +annual report for the year ended 31 March 1956. Since that date the +following items have been added: + + Books for young adults: List 5, October 1956; List 6, June 1957; + List 7, November 1957. + + Books for young people, 1957. + + Interim list of subject headings for New Zealand school libraries, + o.p. + + Junior fiction. + + Supplements: April 1956 to September 1956; October 1956 to March + 1957; April 1957 to September 1957. + + Non-fiction for primary schools. (Supplements have title, _Junior + Non-fiction_.) + + Supplements: April 1956 to September 1956; October 1956 to March + 1957; April 1957 to September 1957. + + Quick-reference books for high-school libraries, 1956. + + Sets of books for French classes, August 1956. + +In addition to this published material, buying and reading lists are +constantly being prepared to meet the special needs of individual +schools, public libraries, and groups concerned with the reading of +children and adolescents. + +Assistance is given to schools planning new libraries or reorganising +existing libraries. The visiting of schools to give help where needed +and to discuss the use of books is still limited by staff shortages. + +Except for small parcels which are sent by post, books are distributed +in hampers or cartons by rail or road transport from 15 centres--North +Island: Whangarei and Hastings public libraries; offices of the Country +Library Service in Hamilton and Palmerston North and of the School +Library Service in Auckland, Napier, New Plymouth, Wanganui, and +Wellington. South Island: Greymouth, Timaru, Dunedin, and Invercargill +public libraries; the office of the Country Library Service in +Christchurch and of the School Library Service in Nelson. Schools are +usually served by the nearest School Library Service office. + +The headquarters office at Wellington is responsible for the +coordination of the service, for the selection, ordering, classifying, +and cataloguing of new books and their dispatch to district offices, the +maintenance of a comprehensive collection of children's and young +people's books used to meet requests which cannot be supplied from local +offices, and the distribution of books to schools and public libraries +in or near Wellington city and the Hutt Valley. To enable children at +smaller country schools to see and to choose for themselves from a wide +range of books, the possibilities of service by book van are being +considered. + +Since its establishment schools joining the service have paid a +subscription at the rate of 1s. per pupil (Standard 1 and upwards) for +each of the first two years. Ministerial authority was given during the +year to discontinue this levy. + +Schools borrowing books are asked to accept responsibility for (a) +safe-keeping of books while on loan to the school, including books +issued to members of staff for school use; (b) return of books when due; +(c) payment for books lost or damaged beyond fair wear and tear; (d) +payment of freight and postal charges from school to School Library +Service office. + +Books are made available to special institutions controlled by the +Education Department. Primary pupils of the Correspondence School are +provided with individual postal service from district offices. Child +welfare institutions, training centres, health camps, and other special +groups are given service according to their needs. Teachers' training +colleges, young people's groups, kindergartens, and nursery play centre +supervisors are also helped. Visits to School Library Service offices by +teachers in training are arranged wherever possible. + +Assistance to several Pacific Island schools has been continued from the +Auckland office by means of extended loans. Under this system the +schools receive an original bulk loan which they check annually, +reporting losses and returning damaged and worn books for replacement, +wherever possible, by new titles, so that loans will not degenerate into +collections of old books. The schools concerned were listed in last +year's annual report. The desirability of extension of this service is +constantly in review. + +During the year members of the staff acted as librarians at the usual +teachers' refresher courses. Appropriate collections of books always +create considerable interest. Discussions at these courses have been +helpful in the selection of books and have brought about an increased +awareness of the uses of books in a wide range of schools. + +Below are tables showing details of the School Library Service as at 31 +March 1958. The figures for the number of "schools" and "pupils" include +those for primary schools and post-primary departments of district high +schools but do not include those for other post-primary schools as these +do not receive general exchanges of books. (Figures in parentheses are +for the previous year.) + + Schools Pupils + Receiving (Standard 1 + Exchanges and upwards) + +Education Board schools 2,004 (1,973) 252,469 (241,148) +Departmental schools and institutions 211 (216) 13,996 (14,270) +Private schools 275 (260) 31,852 (28,175) + + Totals 2,490 (2,449) 298,317 (283,593) + + + Year Ended 31 March + Books Supplied 1958 1957 +In exchanges to-- + All schools, Standard 1 to Form II 676,637 648,816 + District high schools, Form III to Form VI 34,452 32,439 + Public libraries, children's departments 34,639 30,926 + Public libraries, young people's sections 22,724 22,307 + + Total for exchanges 768,452 734,488 + +On request and in loan collections, including +indefinite loans-- + Primary 263,374 244,175 + Post-primary 72,956 78,358 + + Totals 1,104,782 1,057,021 + +_Book Stock_--Additions to stock were 70,228 fiction and 48,789 +non-fiction. Withdrawals were 47,645 fiction and 11,834 non-fiction. The +stock now stands at 1,091,189, of which 656,911 are fiction and 434,278 +are non-fiction. One thousand four hundred and sixty-nine new titles +were added during the year. + + + + +SECTION III--LIBRARY SCHOOL + + +1957 PROFESSIONAL COURSE + +At the end of November nine diplomas and five certificates were awarded +to 14 students who completed the course. For health reasons one student +accepted under the Colombo Plan returned to his own country at the end +of the first term. Of the successful students two returned to the +libraries in which they had been employed before attending the school, +three were appointed librarians of smaller public libraries, four joined +the staffs of city public libraries, two are now members of the School +Library Service staff, and one the librarian of the Central Military +District. The two holders of UNESCO Fellowships are consolidating their +training by carrying out practical work in the Delhi Public Library for +three months. + +1958 PROFESSIONAL COURSE + +This course began on 4 March with 17 New Zealand students and the three +Indonesian students who have been working in libraries in New Zealand +since February 1957. + +Four students have a master's and nine a bachelor's degree in arts, one +a bachelor's degree in music, and two are holders of the New Zealand +Library Association's Certificate. + +NEW ZEALAND LIBRARY ASSOCIATION TRAINING COURSE + +Part II of this course was held at the Library School from 14 January to +15 February. Twenty-two students attended and all were recommended for +the award of the Association's certificate. + +1957 SHORT COURSE + +A short course for librarians and library assistants mainly from smaller +public libraries was held from 12 to 31 August. There were 21 students +from the following public libraries: Birkenhead, Blenheim, Dargaville, +Devonport, Hawera, Howick, Huntly, Inglewood, Kaiapoi, Kaikohe, Kaitaia, +Martinborough, Mataura, Nelson Institute, Otaki, Palmerston, Rangiora, +Taumarunui, Upper Hutt, Waiuku, Warkworth, and a field librarian from +the Country Library Service, Hamilton. + +In addition to lectures and practical exercises, several hours were set +aside for the informal discussion of problems and special questions +raised by the students. Senior members of National Library Service +headquarters joined the staff of the school in these discussions. + +Limits imposed by the size of the school made it necessary to defer +acceptance of some students eligible for this course. + +A short course on similar lines will be offered again in August this +year to librarians or library assistants of small public libraries who +are not able to take advantage of other means of training. + +As in previous years we wish to acknowledge the valuable contribution +made to these courses by visiting lecturers and the libraries which lend +us books. + + + + + +SECTION IV--NATIONAL LIBRARY CENTRE + + +The National Library Centre, in addition to acting as the division +responsible for the headquarters work of the Service, has continued to +promote the cooperative use of library resources. Staff at headquarters +are still working under very difficult conditions and there is a +continuing and pressing need both for administrative working space and +adequate housing for the book collections. + +_Inter-library Loan_--All inter-library loan requests for books and +periodicals the location of which is not known are sent to the National +Centre. Items which are not found in the Union Catalogue of non-fiction +books, the _Union List of Serials_, or other bibliographical sources are +listed in the weekly publication _Book Resources_, which is sent to 39 +libraries for checking. + + 1956-57 1957-58 + Number % Number % + +Interloan cards received 7,197 100.0 7,640 100.0 +Supplied from National Library Service 4,312 59.9 4,411 57.7 +Supplied from other Wellington libraries 171 2.4 139 1.8 +Supplied from Union Catalogue records 949 13.2 1,055 13.8 +Supplied from _Union List of Serials_ 101 1.4 173 2.3 +Not supplied for various reasons 641 8.9 664 8.7 +Listed on _Book Resources_ 1,023 14.2 1,198 15.7 + +Four hundred and seventy-five titles not found in any library were +ordered for national stock. + +The number of requests received by the centre represents probably less +than half the total volume of traffic among New Zealand libraries, the +proportion of direct interloan being higher in the special and +university libraries. Interloan was devised and introduced among +libraries by the New Zealand Library Association and in its operation +the responsibility of the National Library Service is not merely to act +as a clearing house but to provide all the material it reasonably can to +make the system effective. Other libraries participate reciprocally, or +lend so that they may the more freely borrow. The contribution, as has +always been expected, is a varying one and one or two libraries may +consider that they have a substantial and unrealisable credit balance in +their favour. The point beyond which certain libraries may feel they +cannot go in the common interest has not so far been determined +administratively but it may be necessary to consider this. If so, it is +better that it be done quantitatively on the basis of a common library +policy rather than that the present procedure should become an +embarrassment or be administered capriciously or conservatively. + +_Central Bureau for Library Book Imports_--After the introduction of +import control in January the Government approved that the facilities of +the bureau should be extended to meet the situation and assure libraries +of their essential supplies. The bureau was set up in 1940 as a +responsibility of the Country Library Service as a result of discussions +between the Government and the Library Association. Because libraries +undertook to avoid unnecessary duplication and develop cooperative ways +of recording and using their holdings, the 50 per cent cut in book +imports made in 1939 was restored and the necessary machinery +established to safeguard the country's supply of essential publications. + +The situation now is that recommendations for licences are made to the +Comptroller of Customs in two categories: firstly, block licence in +annual or six-monthly lots to cover a full licensing period, on behalf +of public libraries serving a population of 20,000 and over, university +libraries, and a few special libraries; secondly, individual +recommendations on behalf of smaller libraries which are made on the +basis of orders sent in when making application. Book-sellers are +expected to give libraries a proportionate share of their 1956 +transactions on which their current licence would be computed. + +Block licence recommendations, normally made at the end of the year--and +for some years only for anticipated imports from scheduled countries, +chiefly the dollar area--were held over until the present calendar year +and statistically will be included in the figures for the 1958 licensing +period. + +_Libraries of Government Departments_--A total of L45,357 was spent on +behalf of Government Departments financed from the Consolidated Fund and +purchasing through the National Library Service. Of this total, L25,344 +was for standing orders, chiefly periodical subscriptions. The value, +nationally, of a range of periodicals wider than that which is now +received by all the libraries would scarcely be disputed, but the degree +of duplication between and particularly within Departments continues to +cause concern. + +_Book Resources Committee of the New Zealand Library Association_--The +Book Resources Committee of which the Librarian, National Centre, is +Secretary, has continued to act as the national planning and advisory +body in the cooperative acquisition, recording, and use of publications. +In June and July of this year Dr K. D. Metcalf, Librarian Emeritus of +Harvard, at the joint invitation of the United States Educational +Foundation in New Zealand and the New Zealand Government, will visit New +Zealand. Dr Metcalf will visit the main centres and will have +discussions with the committee and the Government on policy matters. + +_Union Catalogue_--During the year 26,033 new titles were added +including 2,928 from the microfilmed record of library catalogues. The +catalogue now includes over 400,000 entries. + + +BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SECTION + +_Union List of Serials_--The typing and printing of the sixth +(cumulative) supplement to the _Union List of Serials_ has commenced and +publication is anticipated early in 1959. + +_Index to New Zealand Periodicals_--The 1956 issue of the index, the +first for which the National Library Service has accepted the +responsibility of publication, was printed by photo-offset and +distributed. The 1957 issue is being prepared in the same way. The +possibility of simplifying production by printing direct from the typed +cards is being explored. + +_General_--Printed catalogue cards for 247 New Zealand books and +pamphlets were issued during the year. Work on the national +bibliography, from 1890 to 1950, has continued and it is hoped to +commence the typing of a preliminary check list of holdings at the end +of the year. + + +BY AUTHORITY: +R. E. OWEN, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND--1958 +_Price 1 s._ 96098-58 G + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Report of the National Library Service +for the Year Ended 31 March 1958, by G. T. Alley and National Library Service (New Zealand) + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NATIONAL LIBRARY SERVICE *** + +***** This file should be named 19780.txt or 19780.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/9/7/8/19780/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ah Kit, Mark C. 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