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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean
+Society - Vol. 3, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3
+       Zoology
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: March 6, 2007 [EBook #20750]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LINNEAN SOCIETY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by the Posner Memorial Collection
+(http://posner.library.cmu.edu/Posner/))
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                                 JOURNAL
+
+                                   OF
+
+                             THE PROCEEDINGS
+
+                                   OF
+
+                           THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.
+
+
+                                 ZOOLOGY.
+
+
+                                VOL. III.
+
+
+
+                                 LONDON:
+                  LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, LONGMANS & ROBERTS,
+                                   AND
+                          WILLIAMS AND NORGATE.
+                                  1859.
+
+
+
+                      PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
+                      RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
+
+
+
+
+LIST OF PAPERS.
+
+                                                                  Page
+BAIKIE, Dr.
+
+Extract of a Letter from Dr. Baikie to Sir John Richardson,
+M.D., C.B., F.R. & L.S., dated 29th October, 1857, Rabba,
+on the Qworra                                                       76
+
+BATE, C. SPENCE, Esq., F.L.S.
+
+On the Importance of an Examination of the Structure of the
+Integument of Crustacea in the determination of doubtful
+Species.--Application to the genus _Galathea_, with the
+Description of a New Species of that Genus                           1
+
+BELL, THOMAS, Esq., P.L.S.
+
+Description of a new Genus of Crustacea, of the Family
+Pinnotheridę; in which the fifth pair of legs are reduced to an
+almost imperceptible rudiment                                       27
+
+DARWIN, CHARLES, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., & F.G.S., and
+WALLACE, ALFRED R., Esq.
+
+On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the
+Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of
+Selection                                                           45
+
+HANBURY, DANIEL, Esq., F.L.S.
+
+Note on Two Insect-products from Persia                            178
+
+HIGGINS, Rev. HENRY.
+
+Death of the Common Hive Bee; supposed to be occasioned by
+a parasitic Fungus                                                  29
+
+HUXLEY, T. H., Esq., F.R.S., Professor of Natural
+History, Government School of Mines.
+
+On some points in the Anatomy of _Nautilus Pompilius_               36
+
+KNOX, R., Esq., M.D., F.R.S.E.
+
+Contributions to the Anatomy and Natural History of the Cetacea.    63
+
+SMITH, FREDERICK, Esq., Assistant in the Zoological
+Department in the British Museum.
+
+Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects collected at Celebes by
+Mr. A. R. Wallace                                                    4
+
+Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects collected by Mr. A. R.
+Wallace at the Islands of Aru and Key                              132
+
+WALKER, FRANCIS, Esq., F.L.S.
+
+Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected in the Aru Islands
+by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species              77
+
+Catalogue of the Heterocerous Lepidoptera collected at Singapore
+by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species             183
+
+Catalogue of the Heterocerous Lepidopterous Insects collected
+at Malacca by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New
+Species                                                            196
+
+WALLACE, ALFRED R., Esq., and DARWIN, CHARLES
+Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., & F.G.S.
+
+On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the
+Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of
+Selection                                                           45
+
+WASHINGTON, Captain.
+
+Natural-History Extracts from the Journal of Captain Denham,
+H.M. Surveying Vessel 'Herald,' 1857                                32
+
+WETHERELL, JOHN W., Esq.
+
+Notice of the occurrence of recent Worm Tracks in the Upper
+Part of the London Clay Formation near Highgate                     31
+
+INDEX                                                              199
+
+
+
+
+JOURNAL OF THE PROCEEDINGS
+
+OF THE
+
+LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.
+
+On the Importance of an Examination of the Structure of the Integument
+of Crustacea in the determination of doubtful Species.--Application to
+the genus _Galathea_, with the Description of a New Species of that
+Genus. By SPENCE BATE, Esq., F.L.S.
+
+[Read January 21, 1858.]
+
+
+Of the various genera of Decapod Crustacea none are more interesting, or
+more difficult of description, than those which constitute the family
+Galatheadę.
+
+The interest attaching to these forms arises from the intermediate
+position which they occupy in the natural arrangement of the class,
+their structure placing them between the Macrura and Brachyura; in
+accordance with which we find that, whilst Professor M.-Edwards classes
+them among the Macrura, Professor Bell, in his work on the British
+Crustacea, places them (more correctly, as we think) in the intermediate
+group of Anomura.
+
+This opinion is fully borne out both in the development of the animals
+and in their structure in the adult state.
+
+The early form of the larva bears, anteriorly, a resemblance to the
+Brachyural type, whilst the caudal appendages assimilate to those of the
+Macrura. The same conditions obtain in the young of Anomura. At the time
+of birth, the larva, like that of the Brachyura, has only the two
+gnathopoda developed, whilst the termination of the tail is like that
+of a fish, as in the Macrura. In the adult, the internal antennę possess
+short flagella and complementary appendages, such as exist in the order
+Brachyura, whilst the external antennę have the long and slender
+flagella proper to the Macrura. The _scale_, however, commonly appended
+to the external antennę in the latter order is wanting, a circumstance
+which exhibits a relation to the Brachyura.
+
+An examination of the legs shows that the coxę are fused with the
+thorax, as in the Brachyura, and not articulated with it as in the
+Macrura, whilst, on the other hand, the posterior division and caudal
+termination approach the Macrural type more nearly than that of the
+Brachyura, the animal thus assuming a character intermediate between the
+two orders.
+
+But in the description of the several species of the genus _Galathea_, a
+peculiar difficulty appears to arise, originating in the affinity which
+they bear to each other. So close, in fact, is the approximation, that
+the descriptions of the best writers will scarcely avail for the
+distinction of the individual species without the assistance of figures.
+This arises from the fact that the general characters, upon which the
+descriptions are based, vary, in this genus, only in their comparative
+degrees of development.
+
+In the three species recognized in Professor Bell's work on the British
+Crustacea, it will be found that each species retains the same
+characters in greater or less degree.
+
+_Galathea strigosa_ is peculiar for the spinous character of the
+carapace and cheliform legs. Every spine, however, is repeated in both
+the other species, only less developed. We find the rostrum furnished
+with four lateral teeth on each side, a character which also exists in
+each of the other species; and although close observation may detect a
+slightly different arrangement in the relative position of these teeth,
+the differences are not of sufficient importance to enable a naturalist
+thence to derive a specific distinction, unless the peculiarity is
+seconded by some more unqualified character less liable to be affected
+by any peculiarity of condition.
+
+In order to arrive at more certain results in the identification of
+species, we think that the microscopic examination of the surface of the
+integument will be found peculiarly useful.
+
+This mode of examination of species may also be applied to a
+considerable extent throughout the Crustacea generally with great
+advantage; and if found valuable in recent, there can be no doubt that
+it will prove of far greater importance in extinct forms, where parts
+on which the identification of species visually rests are lost, and
+fragments only of the animal obtainable.
+
+It should be borne in mind that, as the structure in question undergoes
+modifications more or less considerable in different parts of the
+animal, it will always be advisable to compare the corresponding parts
+with each other.
+
+Applying this test to the known species of _Galathea,_ we perceive that
+the structure of the integument upon the arms, independent of the
+marginal spines, exhibits a squamiform appearance, but that the scales,
+which characterise the structure, possess features peculiar to each
+species.
+
+In _Galathea strigosa_ the scales are convex, distant from each other,
+smooth at the edge, and fringed with long hairs. In _G. squamifera_ they
+are convex, closely placed, scalloped at the edge, and without hairs. In
+_G. nexa_ the scales are obsolete, tufts of hair representing the
+supposed edges. In _G. depressa_, n. sp., the scales are broad, less
+convex than in _G. strigosa_ and _G. squamifera_, smooth, closely set,
+and fringed with short hairs. In _G. Andrewsii_ they are small, distant,
+very convex, tipped with red, and slightly furnished with hair.
+
+As another instance of the practical application of the microscopical
+examination of the surface, I would refer to two species of Amphipoda,
+classed by Leach under the name of _Gammarus Locusta_, from his
+inability to assign them any separate specific characters. In the
+structure of their integuments, however, these two forms will be found
+to exhibit widely different microscopical appearances.
+
+Again, there exists in the same group three or four species, the
+description of any one of which would apply to either of the others; and
+it is probable they would never have been ranked as separate species had
+not their habitats been geographically distant. Thus _Gammarus Olivii_,
+M.-Ed., _G. affinis_, M.-E., _G. Kröyii_, Rathke, and _G. gracilis_, R.,
+can only be specifically determined by a microscopic examination of the
+integument.
+
+The same may be said of other Amphipoda, such as _Urothoe inostratus_,
+Dana, from South America, which so nearly resembles in form the _U.
+elegans_ of the British shores.
+
+
+GALATHEA DISPERSA, mihi.
+
+_G._ rostro brevi, dentibus 4 utrinque ornato, 2 anterioribus minoribus;
+pedibus anterioribus elongatis, sparse spiosus; chelarum digitis
+parallelis.
+
+Galathea with short rostrum, armed on each side with 4 teeth, the two
+posterior being less important than the two anterior. The fingers of the
+chelę impinge through their whole length; outer margin of the hand
+furnished with 3 or 4 small spines.
+
+_Hab._ Trawling-ground, Plymouth, common; Moray Frith, Scotland.
+
+This species unites _G. Andrewsii_ with _G. nexa_, and, I think, has
+often been mistaken for the young of the latter; but _G. nexa_, so far
+as my experience goes, is a species peculiar to the north of England,
+whereas _G. dispersa_, I anticipate, will be found to be the most
+universally dispersed, in deep water, of any of the species known. It
+can always be detected from _G. nexa_ by the form of the hand and the
+manner in which the fingers impinge: in _G. nexa_ the hand is broad
+towards the extremity, and the fingers meet only at the apex; in _G.
+dispersa_ the hand gradually narrows to the apex, and the fingers meet
+each other through their whole length, the inner margin of the finger
+being finely serrated, the thumb not.
+
+It also may be distinguished from _G. Andrewsii_ by the breadth of the
+hands, which are narrow and round in _G. Andrewsii_, and moderately
+broad and flat in _G. dispersa_.
+
+By an examination of the texture of the integument under a magnifying
+power of low degree, the surface of _G. dispersa_ will be seen
+distinctly to differ from that of any of the others; it is covered with
+flat scales, fringed with short cilia. The length of the animal,
+including the arms, is about 2-1/4 inches.
+
+
+
+
+Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects collected at Celebes by Mr. A. R.
+WALLACE. By FREDERICK SMITH, Esq., Assistant in the Zoological
+Department, British Museum. Communicated by W. W. SAUNDERS, Esq.,
+F.R.S., F.L.S.
+
+[Read April 15th, 1858.]
+
+
+This collection of the Hymenoptera of Celebes is specially interesting,
+as adding greatly to our knowledge of the geographical range of many
+well-known species, while the additions made to the Fossorial group
+contain many of great beauty and rarity. A new species belonging to the
+tribe of Solitary Wasps, _Odynerus clavicornis_, is perhaps the most
+interesting insect in the collection; this Wasp has clavate antennę, the
+flagellum being broadly dilated towards the apex, convex above and
+concave beneath. I am not acquainted with any other insect belonging to
+the Vespidious group which exhibits such an anomaly.
+
+
+Fam. ANDRENIDĘ, _Leach._
+
+Gen. SPHECODES, _Latr._
+
+1. SPHECODES INSULARIS. _S._ niger, abdominis segmentis primo secundo et
+tertio (basi) rubris; alis hyalinis.
+
+_Male._ Length 3-1/2 lines. Head and thorax black, closely and strongly
+punctured; the face below the antennę with silvery-white pubescence; the
+joints of the flagellum submoniliform; the mandibles ferruginous.
+Thorax: the tegulę pale rufo-testaceous, wings hyaline, the nervures
+ferruginous; the metathorax coarsely rugose; the articulations of the
+legs and the tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen: the first, second, and base of
+the third segments red, the apical ones black, very finely and closely
+punctured, with the apical margins of the segments smooth and shining; a
+black spot in the middle of the basal segment.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+Gen. NOMIA, _Latr._
+
+1. NOMIA PUNCTATA. _N._ nigra nitida punctata, alis nigro-fuscis.
+
+_Male._ Length 4-1/2 lines. Shining black: head and thorax coarsely
+punctured, the metathorax ruggedly sculptured, truncate at the apex, the
+truncation and sides smooth with a few fine punctures; the abdomen
+closely and rather finely punctured, the apical margins of the segments
+smooth and shining. The tips of the mandibles, the tarsi and apex of the
+abdomen rufo-testaceous, the wings fuscous.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+2. NOMIA FLAVIPES. _N._ nigra pedibus flavis, abdomine cinereo fasciato,
+alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 3-1/4 lines. Black; the face and cheeks densely clothed
+with short cinereous pubescence, the vertex thinly so; the margins of
+the prothorax, mesothorax and scutellum with a line of pale ochraceous
+pubescence, the disk of the thorax thinly covered with short pubescence
+of the same colour, the emargination of the metathorax as well as its
+sides with longer pubescence of the same colour; the base of the abdomen
+and basal margin of the second and following segments covered with short
+cinereous pubescence. The flagellum beneath fulvous; the mandibles
+ferruginous. The legs reddish-yellow, with the coxę and base of the
+femora black; the wings hyaline; the tegulę yellow, the nervures pale
+testaceous.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+3. NOMIA FORMOSA. _N._ capite thoraceque nigris; abdomine chalybeo;
+marginibus apicalibus segmentorum cęruleo fasciatis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Head and thorax black and very closely
+punctured; the face covered with griseous pubescence; the clypeus with a
+central longitudinal carina. Thorax: the apical margin of the prothorax,
+the margins of the scutellum, and the sides of the metathorax covered
+with a dense short ochraceous pubescence; the disk of the thorax thinly
+sprinkled with short black hairs; the posterior tibię obscurely
+ferruginous; the tarsi ferruginous; the legs covered with bright
+golden-yellow pubescence; wings subhyaline, the nervures ferruginous;
+the tegulę yellow with a fuscous stain in the middle. Abdomen obscurely
+chalybeous, closely punctured, the two basal segments strongly so; the
+apical margins of the segments with smooth shining narrow blue fascię.
+
+_Male._ Closely resembling the female, but with the legs black; the
+posterior femora incrassate, the tibię narrow at their base and broadly
+dilated at their apex, which, as well as the calcaria, are pale
+testaceous.
+
+This species closely resembles a species from North China, _N.
+chalybeata_, Westw. MS., from which it is readily distinguished by the
+form of the fourth ventral segment, which is notched in the middle,
+rounded, and then emarginate with the lateral angles rounded; in the
+species from China the margin is arched, and fringed with fulvous
+pubescence.
+
+4. NOMIA HALIOTOIDES. _N._ nigra, pube cinerea tecta, abdominis
+segmentis intermediis pube alba fasciatis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4-1/2 lines. Black; head and thorax opake, and thinly
+clothed with cinereous pubescence, that on the disk of the thorax and
+margin of the scutellum slightly ochraceous. The flagellum fulvous
+beneath, the mandibles ferruginous at their apex; the tarsi ferruginous,
+wings hyaline, nervures fuscous, stigma testaceous. Abdomen shining,
+delicately punctured; the basal margins of the second, third, and fourth
+segments with a band of cinereous pubescence, attenuated in the middle.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+
+Fam. DASYGASTRĘ.
+
+1. MEGACHILE INCISA. _M._ nigra, rude et dense punctata, facie fulvo
+pubescente; alis fuscis, segmentis abdominis marginibus multo depressis.
+
+_Male._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Black; closely and strongly punctured, the
+punctures confluent on the abdomen. The face clothed with fulvous
+pubescence. The tarsi obscurely rufo-piceous, the claws ferruginous;
+wings dark fuscous, their base hyaline. Abdomen: the apical margins of
+the segments smooth, impunctate, their basal margins very deeply
+depressed; a deep fovea at the tip of the apical segment; the head,
+thorax, and abdomen clothed beneath with short cinereous pubescence.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+2. MEGACHILE FULVIFRONS. _M._ nigra, delicatule punctata; facie dense
+fulvo pubescente; thoracis lateribus abdomineque subtus fulvo
+pubescentibus; fasciis marginalibus abdominis fulvis.
+
+_Female._ Length 7 lines. Black; head and thorax closely punctured, the
+abdomen delicately so and shining; the mandibles stout, with two acute
+teeth at their apex, shining and covered with oblong punctures; the
+face, sides of the thorax, and abdomen beneath, densely clothed with
+fulvous pubescence; the apical margins of the segments of the abdomen
+above with narrow fascię of short fulvous pubescence; the abdomen in
+certain lights has a metallic tinge.
+
+The _male_ is similarly clothed to the female, the margins of the
+segments are deeply depressed, and that of the apical segment slightly
+notched in the middle.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+3. MEGACHILE TERMINALIS. _M._ nigra, capite thoraceque dense punctatis;
+abdomine pube nigra vestito; segmentis duobus apicalibus pube alba
+vestitis; alis fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Length 9 lines. Black; the face with tufts of black pubescence
+above the insertion of the antennę; mandibles very stout, with an acute
+tooth at their apex, the inner margin subdentate, and covered with fine
+cinereous pubescence. Thorax with black pubescence at the sides of the
+metathorax; the wings dark fuscous. Abdomen clothed with black
+pubescence; the fifth and sixth segments clothed with ochraceous
+pubescence above, that on the sixth nearly white.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+This species resembles the _M. ornata_; but when viewed beneath, the
+different colour of the pollen-brush at once separates them.
+
+Gen. CERATINA, _Spin._
+
+1. Ceratina viridis, _Guér. Icon. Reg. Ann._ 444. t. 73. f. 6.
+
+_Hab._ India (Bengal, N. India), Ceylon, Celebes, China.
+
+2. Ceratina hieroglyphica, _Smith_, _Cat. Hym. Ins._ ii. 226.
+
+_Hab._ Northern India, Celebes, Philippine Islands, Hong Kong.
+
+
+Fam. DENUDATĘ.
+
+1. STELIS ABDOMINALIS. _S._ dense punctata, capite thoraceque nigris,
+abdomine ferrugineo; alis nigro-fuscis violaceo iridescentibus.
+
+_Male._ Length 5 lines. Head and thorax black, abdomen ferruginous; head
+and thorax strongly punctured, the scutellum very strongly so; the sides
+of the face and the anterior margin of the face fringed with white
+pubescence. The posterior margin of the scutellum rounded; wings dark
+brown with a violet iridescence. Abdomen ferruginous and closely
+punctured.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+2. COELIOXYS FULVIFRONS. _C._ nigra, rude punctata, facie pube fulva
+vestita; alis fuscis cupreo iridescentibus.
+
+_Male._ Length 6 lines. Black; the head and thorax with large confluent
+punctures; the face clothed with fulvous pubescence. Thorax: a stout
+tooth on each side of the scutellum at its base; wings dark brown with a
+coppery effulgence, subhyaline at their base; beneath clothed with short
+cinereous pubescence. Abdomen: elongate, conical; closely punctured,
+with the apical and basal margins of the segments smooth; the apical
+segment with a tooth on each side at its base and four at its apex;
+beneath the margins of the segments fringed with pale pubescence; the
+apical margin of the fourth segment notched in the middle; the fifth
+entirely clothed with pale pubescence.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+
+Fam. SCOPULIPEDES.
+
+Gen. ANTHOPHORA, _Latr._
+
+1. Anthophora zonata, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ i. 955. 19.
+
+_Hab._ India, Ceylon, Malacca, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippine Islands, Hong
+Kong, Shanghai, Celebes.
+
+Gen. XYLOCOPA, _Latr._
+
+1. Xylocopa fenestrata, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 339. 6. [Symbol: male].
+
+_Hab._ India, Celebes.
+
+2. Xylocopa ęstuans, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 961. 53.
+
+_Hab._ India, Java, Singapore, Celebes.
+
+3. Xylocopa Dejeanii, _St. Farg. Hym._ ii. 209. 59.
+
+_Hab._ Java, Borneo, Sumatra, Celebes.
+
+4. Xylocopa collaris, _St. Farg. Hym._ ii. 189. 26.
+
+_Hab._ India, Sumatra, Malacca, Borneo, Celebes.
+
+5. XYLOCOPA NOBILIS. _X._ nigra, pube nigra induta; abdominis basi pube
+flava, apice lateritio.
+
+_Female._ Length 11 lines. Black; a narrow line of pale fulvous
+pubescence on the margin of the thorax in front, a patch of the same
+colour on each side of the metathorax, and the basal segment of the
+abdomen covered above with similar pubescence; the apical margin of the
+third and fourth segments, and the fifth and six entirely, covered with
+bright brick-red pubescence; the wings black, with coppery iridescence.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+
+Fam. SOCIALES.
+
+1. APIS ZONATA. _A._ nigra, thoracis lateribus dense ochraceo
+pubescentibus; alis fumatis; abdomine nitido, segmentis secundo tertio
+quartoque basi niveo pubescentibus.
+
+_Worker._ Length 8--8-1/2 lines. Black; the head and thorax opake, the
+abdomen shining; the clypeus smooth and shining, the flagellum
+rufo-piceous beneath; the anterior margin of the labrum narrowly, and
+the apex of the mandibles, ferruginous; the face with a little fine
+short cinereous pubescence above the insertion of the antennę; the
+vertex with long black pubescence; the eyes covered with short black
+pubescence. Thorax: the sides with ochraceous pubescence; wings smoky,
+the superior pair darkest at their anterior margin beyond the stigma.
+Abdomen: a snow-white band at the basal margin of the second, third, and
+fourth segments, the bands continued beneath, but narrower.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes, Philippine Islands.
+
+Specimens of this species denuded of their white bands would approach
+the _A. unicolor_ of Latreille; but that insect is described as having
+the anterior wings black; in the present species both pairs are of the
+same smoky colour, not approaching black.
+
+
+Fam. MUTILLIDĘ.
+
+Gen. MUTILLA.
+
+1. Mutilla sexmaculata, _Swed. Nov. Act. Holm._ viii. 286. 44. [Symbol:
+female]. Mutilla fuscipennis, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ 436. 35. [Symbol:
+male].
+
+_Hab._ India (Punjaub, &c.), China, Java, Celebes.
+
+2. Mutilla unifasciata, _Smith_, _Cat. Hym._ pt. iii. p. 38.
+
+_Hab._ India, Celebes.
+
+3. Mutilla rufogastra, _St. Farg. Hym._ iii. 629. 51. [Symbol: male].
+
+_Hab._ India, Celebes.
+
+4. MUTILLA VOLATILIS. _M._ nigra, rude punctata et pubescens; capite
+abdomineque nitidis, alis fusco-hyalinis.
+
+_Male._ Length 5-6 lines. Black. Head and thorax very coarsely
+punctured; head and disk of the thorax punctured; the metathorax opake,
+with a central abbreviated channel and covered with large shallow
+punctures; the eyes notched on their inner margin; wings fuscous and
+iridescent; the tegulę smooth and shining. Abdomen shining and rather
+finely punctured; the basal segment narrow and campanulate; the margins
+of the segments thickly fringed with silvery-white hair; the cheeks,
+sides of the thorax, and beneath the legs and abdomen with scattered
+long silvery-white hairs.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+
+Fam. SCOLIADĘ, _Leach._
+
+Gen. SCOLIA, _Fabr._
+
+1. Scolia erratica, _Smith_, _Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iii. p. 88. 10. Scolia
+verticalis, _Burm. Abh. Nat.-Ges. Halle_, i. 37. 61.
+
+_Hab._ India, Sumatra, Celebes.
+
+2. Scolia aurulenta, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iii. p. 102. 80. (nec
+_Fabr._).
+
+_Hab._ Philippine Islands, Celebes.
+
+3. Scolia fimbriata, _Burm. Abh. Nat.-Ges. Halle_, i. p. 32. 24.
+
+_Hab._ Java, Celebes.
+
+4. Scolia dimidiata, _Guér. Voy. Coq. Zool._ ii. pt. 2. p. 248.
+
+_Hab._ Senegal, Celebes.
+
+5. SCOLIA TERMINATA. _S._ nigra, clypeo mandibulisque flavis, thorace
+flavo variegato, alis hyalinis, abdomine flavo quinque-fasciato,
+apicisque marginibus flavis.
+
+_Male._ Length 5 lines. Black; the clypeus, labrum, and mandibles
+yellow; the former with a triangular black spot in the middle; the
+latter ferruginous at their apex. The posterior margin of the prothorax,
+the tegulę, a transverse curved line on the scutellum, and a spot on the
+postscutellum yellow; the anterior and intermediate tarsi, tibię, and
+knees, and the posterior tibię outside, yellow; a black line on the
+intermediate tibię beneath, and the apical joints of the tarsi fuscous;
+wings hyaline, the nervures ferruginous. Abdomen brightly prismatic; the
+margins of all the segments with a narrow yellow fascia, those on the
+second and third segments terminating at the sides in a large rounded
+macula; the fascia very narrow or obliterated on the sixth segment; the
+fascię on the second and third segments continued beneath.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+6. SCOLIA AGILIS. _S._ nigra, mandibulis clypeoque flavis, alis
+fulvo-hyalinis, abdomine prismatico flavo quadrifasciato.
+
+_Male._ Length 8 lines. Black and punctured, with thin long griseous
+pubescence; the vertex, disk of the thorax, and the abdomen shining; the
+mandibles and clypeus yellow, the latter with a black bell-shaped spot
+in the middle; wings fulvo-hyaline, the nervures ferruginous; the tibię
+with a yellow line outside. Abdomen beautifully prismatic; the first and
+three following segments with a yellow fascia on their apical margins,
+the second and two following much attenuated in the middle, or the
+fourth interrupted.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+7. SCOLIA FULVIPENNIS. _S._ nigra, antennis capiteque supra basin
+antennarum rubris, alis fulvo-hyalinis.
+
+_Male._ Length 7 lines. Black; the antennę and the head above their
+insertion ferruginous, the scape black, the head coarsely punctured.
+Thorax: coarsely punctured; the mesothorax with an abbreviated deeply
+impressed line in the middle of its anterior margin; wings
+fulvo-hyaline, the nervures ferruginous; the apex of the wings slightly
+fuscous, the anterior pair with two submarginal cells and one recurrent
+nervure. Abdomen: shining, punctured, and prismatic.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+8. SCOLIA ALECTO. _S._ nigra, capite supra basin antennarum rubro; alis
+nigris violaceo micantibus.
+
+_Female._ Length 14 lines. Black and shining; head red above the
+insertion of the antennę, very smooth and glossy, with a few punctures
+at the sides of and in front of the ocelli; antennę black; the mandibles
+with a fringe of ferruginous hairs on their inferior margin. Thorax:
+smooth on the disk, which has a few scattered punctures at the sides;
+the scutellum punctured and shining; the thorax in front and the
+metathorax with black pubescence, the latter widely emarginate at the
+verge of the truncation, the lateral angles produced; wings black with a
+bright violet iridescence. Abdomen punctured, with the middle of the
+second, third, and fourth segments smooth and shining in the middle; the
+first segment with a smooth shining carina at its base slightly produced
+forwards, the abdomen with a slight metallic lustre. The wings with one
+marginal and three submarginal cells, and one recurrent nervure.
+
+_Male._ Smaller than the female, and differs in having the clypeus red
+and the red colour running down behind the eyes, the antennę longer, and
+the abdomen with a bright metallic iridescence.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+9. SCOLIA MINUTA. _S._ nigra, abdomine iridescente, segmentorum
+marginibus apicalibus flavo fasciatis, alis subhyalinis iridescentibus.
+
+_Male._ Length 4 lines. Head and thorax black and shining, with
+scattered pale pubescence; the mandibles and clypeus yellow, the latter
+with an anchor-shaped black spot. Thorax: the posterior margin of the
+prothorax and the anterior and intermediate tibię and tarsi yellow; a
+minute yellow spot on the postscutellum yellow; the wings subhyaline,
+the nervures fusco-ferruginous. Abdomen: the apical margins of the
+segments with a narrow yellow border, the second and third uniting with
+a lateral spot; the sixth segment immaculate; the apex pale testaceous.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+
+Fam. POMPILIDĘ, _Leach_.
+
+1. Pompilus analis, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 209. 42.
+
+_Hab._ India, Java, Ceylon, Celebes.
+
+2. POMPILUS SALTITANS. _P._ niger, pedibus subferrugineis, prothoracis
+margine postica flava; alis flavo-hyalinis, apice fuscis, abdomine pilis
+cinereis fasciato.
+
+_Female._ Length 6 lines. Black and thinly covered with ashy pile. The
+scape, labrum, mandibles and palpi ferruginous; the clypeus widely
+emarginate anteriorly. The posterior margin of the prothorax angular and
+with a yellow border; the scutellum prominent, covered on each side with
+a dense silvery-white pile, the postscutellum with two spots of the
+same; the wings flavo-hyaline, their apex with a broad dark-fuscous
+border, the nervures ferruginous, the tegulę yellow; the posterior wings
+palest; legs pale ferruginous, the coxę black with their tips pale; the
+apical joints of the tarsi blackish, the spines of the legs black.
+Abdomen: the first, second, and third segments with a fascia of
+silvery-white pile at their basal margins; the apex of the abdomen
+ferruginous.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+3. POMPILUS CONTORTUS. _P._ niger, cinereo-pilosus, prothorace flavo
+postice marginato; alis subhyalinis, marginibus apicalibus fuscis,
+pedibus subferrugineis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Black; the head, thorax, and four basal
+segments of the abdomen covered with ashy pile; the first and second
+segments with their apical margins naked. The scape yellow in front; the
+flagellum beneath, the labrum, mandibles and palpi ferruginous; the
+joints of the antennę arcuate, particularly the apical ones; the apex of
+each joint is oblique, giving the antennę a twisted appearance. Thorax:
+the posterior margin of the prothorax angular and with a broad yellow
+border; the scutellum compressed and prominent; wings subhyaline with a
+broad fuscous border at their apex, the tegulę yellow; legs pale
+ferruginous, with their coxę and trochanters black; the apical joints of
+the tarsi fuscous. Abdomen with a yellow macula at the tip.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+4. POMPILUS PILIFRONS. _P._ niger, facie argenteis pilis dense tecta;
+thorace abdomineque flavo maculatis, alis subhyalinis, apice fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4-1/2 lines. Black; the face densely covered with
+silvery-white pile; a narrow line at the inner orbits of the eyes, the
+palpi and mandibles yellow; the latter ferruginous at their apex. The
+posterior margin of the prothorax rounded and yellow; a minute yellow
+spot on the mesothorax touching the scutellum, the thorax and abdomen
+covered with a changeable silky pile; the wings subhyaline, their
+nervures fuscous, a broad dark fuscous border at the apex of the
+superior pair. A transverse spot on each side of the basal margin of the
+second and third segments, and an emarginate fascia on that of the
+fifth, yellow.
+
+5. POMPILUS DECEPTOR. _P._ rufescenti-flavus; vertice nigro, alis
+anticis apice fuscis.
+
+_Male._ Length 6 lines. Pale reddish-yellow; the antennę slightly dusky
+above; a black transverse stripe on the vertex between the eyes, and
+another issuing from it in the middle and passing beyond the ocelli.
+Thorax: a black stripe on each side of the mesothorax over the tegulę;
+the wings subhyaline, the nervures ferruginous, the superior pair
+fuscous at their apex. Abdomen immaculate.
+
+Subgenus PRIOCNEMIS.
+
+1. PRIOCNEMIS RUFIFRONS. _P._ niger; facie, antennis, tibiis tarsisque
+ferrugineis, alis fulvo-hyalinis; abdominis segmento apicali flavo
+unimaculato.
+
+_Female._ Length 9-1/2 lines. Black; the face above the clypeus, as high
+as the anterior ocellus, reddish-yellow; the extreme edge of the
+clypeus, the labrum and base of the mandibles ferruginous; the antennę
+reddish-yellow. Thorax: fulvo-hyaline, with a dark fuscous border at the
+apex; the knees, tibię and tarsi reddish-yellow; the two latter spinose.
+Abdomen: gradually tapering to an acute point at the apex, the sixth
+segment with an elongate red spot.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+Subgenus AGENIA.
+
+1. Agenia blanda, _Guér. Voy. Coq. Zool._ ii. pt. 2. p. 260.
+
+2. AGENIA BIMACULATA. _A._ nigra, cinereo-pilosa, clypeo plagis duabus
+flavis; antennarum articulis apicalibus, tibiis tarsisque anticis et
+intermediis femoribusque posticis ferrugineis; alis subhyalinis,
+nervuris nigris.
+
+_Female._ Length 7 lines. Black, and covered with ashy pile; a large
+macula on each side of the clypeus, the mandibles and palpi yellow; the
+base and apex of the mandibles rufo-piceous; the flagellum pale
+ferruginous, more or less fuscous above towards the base. Thorax: the
+posterior margin of the prothorax arched; the anterior and intermediate
+tibię and tarsi and the femora at their apex beneath, also the posterior
+femora, pale ferruginous; the wings subhyaline, the nervures dark
+fuscous. Abdomen: the apical margins of the segments obscurely and
+narrowly rufo-piceous, the apex ferruginous.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+Gen. MACROMERIS, _St. Farg._
+
+1. Macromeris splendida, _St. Farg. Hym. iii._ 463. 1. [Symbol: male].
+
+_Hab._ India, China, Malacca, Borneo, Java, Celebes.
+
+Gen. MYGNIMIA, _Smith_.
+
+1. Mygnimia iridipennis, _Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc._ ii. p. 98.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes, Borneo.
+
+This insect, a female, is 5 lines larger than _M. iridipennis_; but I
+can point out no other distinction beyond a slight difference in the
+colour of the wings: the specimen from Borneo has a metallic
+bluish-green iridescence, the Celebes insect has a violet iridescence;
+notwithstanding which I am inclined to regard them as one species.
+
+2. MYGNIMIA FUMIPENNIS. _M._ aurantiaco-rubra, alis obscure fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Length 9 lines. Orange-red; the anterior margin of the clypeus
+entire; the labrum produced, its anterior margin widely emarginate; eyes
+large, black and ovate. Thorax: the posterior margin of the prothorax
+rounded; the mesothorax with a longitudinal fuscous stripe on each side,
+widest anteriorly; the metathorax truncate; above, transversely striate;
+the tibię and tarsi spinose; wings dark fuscous, with a pale
+semitransparent macula at the base of the second discoidal cell and a
+dark fuscous macula beyond; the insect entirely covered with a fine
+orange-red downy pile.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+
+Fam. SPHEGIDĘ.
+
+1. SPHEX PRĘDATOR. _S._ niger, rude punctatus, facie pube fulva vestita;
+alis fuscis cupreo iridescentibus.
+
+_Male._ Length 10-1/2 lines. Black; the head and thorax opake. Abdomen
+shining blue-black. The face with silvery pile on each side of the
+clypeus, and sprinkled with erect black hairs. Thorax: the posterior
+margin of the prothorax with a line of silvery pubescence; the
+metathorax with a short light-brown pubescence at the apex, and thinly
+clothed with black hairs; wings dark brown, with a brilliant violet
+iridescence. Abdomen blue-black, smooth and shining.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+2. AMMOPHILA INSOLATA. _A._ nigra, scapo mandibulis, pedibus,
+abdominisque segmentis primo et secundo ferrugineis; alis subhyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 8-1/2 lines. Black; the scape, the base of the
+flagellum beneath, the anterior margin of the clypeus and the mandibles
+ferruginous; the latter black at their apex. Thorax: the prothorax
+smooth and shining; the meso- and metathorax above transversely
+striated, the scutellum longitudinally so; the legs ferruginous, with
+their coxę black; a spot of silvery-white pubescence on each side of the
+metathorax at its base, and two at its apex close to the insertion of
+the petiole; the wings fulvo-hyaline with the nervures ferruginous.
+Abdomen: the petiole and the following segment red, the base of the
+third also slightly red; the three apical segments obscurely blue, with
+a thin glittering pile.
+
+The _male_ differs in having the legs black, their articulations only
+being ferruginous; the head entirely black with the face densely covered
+with silvery-white pile. The thorax is sculptured as in the other sex;
+the petiole more elongate and slender, the basal joint black, the second
+and the first segment ferruginous beneath; the rest of the abdomen blue.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+Gen. PELOPĘUS, _Latr._
+
+1. Pelopęus Madraspatanus, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 203. 3.
+
+_Hab._ Malabar, Madras, Nepaul, Bengal, Celebes.
+
+2. Pelopęus Bengalensis, _Dahlb. Syst. Nat._ i. 941. 2.
+
+_Hab._ India, Philippine Islands, China, Isle of France, Celebes.
+
+3. PELOPĘUS INTRUDENS. _P._ niger; clypeo bidentato, tibiis anticis et
+intermediis, femorumque apice, femoribusque posticis basi,
+trochanteribus, tibiarum dimidio basali, petioloque rufescenti-flavis;
+alis fulvo-hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 11 lines. Black; the face with silvery pubescence; the
+clypeus with two large blunt teeth at its apex, formed by a deep notch
+in its anterior margin; the scape reddish-yellow in front. The meso- and
+metathorax transversely striated; the wings fulvo-hyaline, the nervures
+ferruginous; the anterior and intermediate tibię and the femora at their
+apex, the posterior femora at their base, the trochanters, the tibię
+with their basal half and the middle of the basal joint of the posterior
+tarsi, reddish-yellow; the petiole of the abdomen of a paler yellow; the
+abdomen smooth and shining. The male only differs in being rather
+smaller.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+Mr. Wallace says of this species, "A common house-wasp in Macassar;
+builds mud cells on rafters."
+
+_Note._--In describing the species of this genus collected by Mr.
+Wallace at Borneo, I incorrectly gave that locality for _P. javanus_.
+The insect mistaken for that species may be shortly characterized as P.
+_benignus_, length 12 lines. Opake-black, with the petiole shining; the
+metathorax transversely striated; the wings pale fulvo-hyaline, the
+nervures ferruginous; the scape in front, the anterior and intermediate
+tibię, the apex of the femora, and the basal joint of the tarsi
+reddish-yellow; the posterior legs, with the trochanters and basal half
+of the femora, yellow.
+
+4. PELOPĘUS FLAVO-FASCIATUS. _P._ niger; capite thoraceque flavo
+variegato; pedibus abdominisque basi ferrugineis; alis hyalinis, apice
+fuscis, abdominisque segmento tertio fascia lata flava ornato.
+
+_Female._ Length 9 lines. Black; the clypeus yellow; the mandibles and
+scape ferruginous, the former black at their base, the latter yellow in
+front; the sides of the face with a bright golden pile. Thorax: the
+posterior margin of the prothorax, the tegulę, scutellum, and a quadrate
+spot on each side of the metathorax at its base yellow; the legs
+ferruginous, with the coxę, trachanters, and claw-joint of the tarsi
+black; wings fulvo-hyaline, the nervures ferruginous, a fuscous spot at
+the apex of the anterior pair; the meso- and metathorax transversely
+striated, the latter with a yellow spot at the insertion of the petiole.
+Abdomen: the petiole slightly curved upwards, the first segment
+ferruginous; a broad yellow fascia at the apex of the third segment, the
+apex of the fourth with a narrow obscure fascia; the abdomen covered
+with a fine silky pile.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+
+Fam. BEMBICIDĘ, _Westw._
+
+1. Bembex trepanda, _Dahlb. Hym. Europ._ i. p. 181.
+
+_Hab._ India, Celebes.
+
+
+Fam. LARRIDĘ.
+
+Genus LARRA, _Fabr._
+
+1. Larra prismatica, _Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc._ ii. p. 103.
+
+_Hab._ Malacca, Celebes.
+
+Genus LARRADA, _Smith_.
+
+1. Larrada aurulenta, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iv. 276. 6. Sphex
+aurulenta, _Fabr. Mant._ i. 274. 10.
+
+_Hab._ India, Java, Sumatra, Celebes, Philippine Islands, China, Cape of
+Good Hope, Gambia.
+
+2. Larrada exilipes, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iv. p. 278.
+
+3. LARRADA ĘDILIS. _L._ nigra; facie argenteo-pilosa, alis subhyalinis,
+articulis apicalibus tarsorum rufo-testaceis, abdomine lęvi et nitido.
+
+_Female._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Black; head and thorax subopake, the
+abdomen shining; the face densely covered with silvery pile, the cheeks,
+sides of the thorax and abdomen thinly so; the tips of the mandibles and
+apical joints of the tarsi ferruginous, the latter obscurely so. The
+metathorax transversely and rather finely rugose, the truncation more
+strongly striated; the scutellum shining; the wings subhyaline, the
+nervures ferruginous; the tibię with scattered spines, the tarsi
+spinose.
+
+4. LARRADA AURIFRONS. _L._ nigra; facie mesothoracis metathoracisque
+lateribus aurato pubescentibus, abdominis marginibus segmentorum trium
+basalium argentato piloso fasciatis; alis fuscis.
+
+_Male._ Length 8 lines. Black; the face and outer orbits of the eyes
+clothed with golden pile; the lateral margins of the mesothorax and the
+metathorax thinly clothed with golden pile; wings dark fuscous with a
+violet iridescence; the three basal segments of the abdomen with fascię
+of silvery pile.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+5. LARRADA PERSONATA. _L._ capite thoraceque nigris, abdomine
+ferrugineo.
+
+_Female._ Length 8-1/2 lines. Head, thorax, and legs black; the two
+former closely punctured and thinly covered with short cinereous
+pubescence; the metathorax with the punctures running into transverse
+strię in the middle; the sides of the thorax and the legs with a fine
+silky silvery-white pile; the tibię and tarsi strongly spinose; wings
+fusco-hyaline; abdomen entirely red, smooth and shining.
+
+The _male_ is smaller, and has the four apical segments of the abdomen
+black, the face, cheeks, and apical margins of the segments of the
+abdomen with silvery pile.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+This is probably merely a variety of _L. simillima_, wanting the black
+apex to the abdomen; it very much resembles the L. _anathema_ of Europe.
+
+6. LARRADA RUFIPES. _L._ nigra, mandibulis pedibusque rufis; alis
+hyalinis, venis pallide testaceis; abdomine sericeo-piloso.
+
+_Female._ Length 7 lines. Black; the head smooth and shining; the
+clypeus, the cheeks, and face anteriorly covered with silvery pile; the
+scape in front, the mandibles, and palpi ferruginous. Thorax: the sides
+and beneath with a thin silvery-white pile; the legs ferruginous with
+the coxę black, the posterior pair red beneath; the thorax closely
+punctured, the metathorax transversely striated; wings fulvo-hyaline,
+the nervures pale-testaceous. Abdomen shining, very closely and
+delicately punctured; thinly covered with a fine white silky pile, which
+is very bright on the margins of the segments, which are slightly
+rufo-piceous.
+
+The _male_ closely resembles the female, and is similarly sculptured and
+coloured.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+7. LARRADA FESTINANS. _L._ nigra; facie abdominisque marginibus
+segmentorum argentato-pilosis.
+
+_Female._ Length 3 lines. Black; the face and cheeks thinly covered with
+silvery pile. Thorax: the disk very closely punctured, the metathorax
+rugose; the sides and the legs with a fine glittering sericeous pile,
+the wings subhyaline, their apical margins fuscous, the nervures
+fuscous. Abdomen smooth and sinning, covered with a thin silky pile, the
+apical margins with bright silvery fascię, only observable in certain
+lights.
+
+The _male_ closely resembles the female, but has the face more silvery.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+Genus MORPHOTA, _Smith_.
+
+1. MORPHOTA FORMOSA. _M._ capite thoraceque nigris; abdomine rufo, apice
+nigro, pilis argentatis ornato.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Black, with the two basal segments of the
+abdomen red; covered with a brilliant changeable silvery pile, most
+dense on the face, cheeks, sides of the metathorax, and on the apical
+margins of the abdominal segments. The mandibles ferruginous, with their
+apex piceous. The vertex smooth, and having _three distinct ocelli_; the
+head more produced behind the eyes than in _Larrada_. Thorax: the
+prothorax subtuberculate at the sides; wings subhyaline and iridescent,
+the nervures fuscous, the tegulę pale testaceous behind. The apical
+margin of the first segment of the abdomen rufo-fuscous.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+The insects belonging to the genus _Morphota_ differ from those of
+_Larrada_ in having three distinct ocelli, the vertex without any
+depressions, and the head much less compressed than in _Larrada_; the
+recurrent nervures are received nearer to the base and apex of the
+second submarginal cell; the species have, in fact, a distinct habit,
+and do not assimilate with the species of _Larrada_.
+
+Genus TACHYTES, _Panz._
+
+1. TACHYTES MOROSUS. _T._ niger, scutello abdomineque nitidis, facie
+argenteo-pilosa; marginibus lateralibus abdominis segmentorum
+argentatis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4-1/2 lines. Black; the face covered with silvery pile;
+the thorax finely and very closely punctured; the metathorax opake and
+finely rugose, thinly covered with cinereous pubescence; the anterior
+tarsi ciliated on the exterior, and the intermediate and posterior tibię
+with a few dispersed spines; wings fusco-hyaline and iridescent, the
+nervures fusco-ferruginous, the costal nervure black. Abdomen smooth and
+shining; the apical margins of the intermediate segments slightly
+depressed, with the sides sericeous.
+
+
+Fam. CRABRONIDĘ.
+
+Genus OXYBELUS, _Latr._
+
+1. Oxybelus agilis, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iv. 387. 25.
+
+_Hab._ India, Celebes.
+
+GENUS CRABRO, _Latr._
+
+1. CRABRO (RHOPALUM) AGILIS. _C._ obscuro-nigra, clypeo argentato,
+capite, thorace abdomineque flavo variis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4 lines. Black, opake; head larger than the thorax,
+quadrate; the ocelli in a curve on the vertex; the clypeus and lower
+portion of the cheeks with silvery pile; the scape, two basal joints of
+the flagellum, the palpi, and the mandibles, yellow; the latter
+rufo-piceous at their apex. The margin of the prothorax, the tubercles,
+the scutellum, the tibię and tarsi, the anterior femora and the
+intermediate pair at their apex yellow; the anterior femora black above;
+the wings subhyaline and iridescent, the nervures testaceous. Abdomen:
+with an elongate clavate petiole; the first segment with an oblique
+yellow macula on each side, the third with a large lateral macula at its
+base, and the following segments entirely yellow.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+This species closely resembles the _C. Westermanni_ of Dahlbome, from
+the Cape of Good Hope.
+
+GENUS CERCERIS, _Latr._
+
+1. Cerceris instabilis, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iv. 452. 74.
+
+_Hab._ India, China, Celebes.
+
+2. Cerceris unifasciata, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iv. 456. 84.
+
+_Hab._ North China, Celebes.
+
+3. Cerceris fuliginosa, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iv. 454. 79.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+4. CERCERIS VARIPES. _C._ nigra, facie flavo varia; alis fuscis basi
+hyalinis; pedibus variegatis; abdomine flavo maculato.
+
+_Male._ Length 6 lines. Black; a line down the inner orbits of the eyes,
+continued along the lower margins of the face, and uniting with the
+clypeus, which as well as a line above it between the antennę are
+yellow; a spot on the scape in front, and the mandibles, yellow; the
+latter rufo-piceous at their apex. Thorax: a spot on each side of the
+prothorax, a minute one on the tegulę; the postscutellum, the
+intermediate and posterior coxę and trochanters, the anterior tibię
+behind, the femora beneath, and the intermediate and posterior tibię
+yellow; the femora reddish above and at their articulations; the
+posterior femora and tibię black, with the tarsi rufo-testaceous; the
+anterior wings and the apex of the posterior pair brown, the base of the
+anterior pair hyaline. Abdomen: the second and three following segments
+with a short yellow stripe on each side.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+
+Tribe VESPIDĘ.
+
+Fam. EUMENIDĘ, _Westw_.
+
+Genus ZETHUS, _Fabr._
+
+1. Zethus cyanopterus, _Sauss. Mon. Guźpes Sol_. i. 23. 2.
+
+Genus MONTEZUMIA, _Sauss._
+
+1. Montezumia Indica, _Sauss. Mon. Guźpes Sol._ i. _supp._ 167. 59. t.
+9. f. 4.
+
+_Hab._ India, Celebes.
+
+Genus RHYNCHIUM, _Spin._
+
+1. Rhynchium hęmorrhoidale, _Sauss. Mon. Guźpes Sol._ i. 109. 12. Vespa
+hęmorrhoidalis, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 259. 28.
+
+_Hab._ India, Java, Cape of Good Hope, Celebes.
+
+2. Rhynchium argentatum, _Sauss. Mon. Guźpes Sol._ i. 115. 22. Vespa
+argentata, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 260. 39.
+
+_Hab._ India, Celebes.
+
+3. Rhynchium atrum, _Sauss. Mon. Guźpes Sol._ i. 109. 11.
+
+_Hab._ India, Celebes.
+
+4. Rhynchium parentissimum, _Sauss. Mon. Guźpes Sol._ p. 111. 14. Var.
+_R. hęmorrhoidale?_
+
+_Hab._ India, Java, Celebes.
+
+Genus EUMENES.
+
+1. Eumenes circinalis, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 286. 4.
+
+_Hab._ India, Sumatra, Celebes.
+
+2. Eumenes fulvipennis, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. v. 24. 26.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+3. EUMENES VINDEX. _E._ niger, flavo variegatus, alis subhyalinis
+iridescentibus.
+
+_Male._ Length 6 lines. Black; strongly punctured and shining; a minute
+spot behind the eyes, another in their emargination, the clypeus, with
+two minute spots above it, a spot at the base of the mandibles, and the
+scape in front yellow. Thorax: a subinterrupted line on its anterior
+margin, the tubercles, a spot on the tegulę behind, and the legs yellow;
+the coxę, femora at their base, and the posterior tibię outside dusky;
+wings light brown and iridescent, the anterior margin of the superior
+pair darkest. Abdomen delicately punctured; the apical margin of the
+first segment with a narrow yellow border slightly interrupted on each
+side; the apical segments with a thin cinereous pile.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+4. EUMENES ARCHITECTUS. _E._ niger, clypeo, prothoracis margine
+postscutello abdominisque segmenti primi margine flavis.
+
+_Female._ Length 6 lines. Black and closely punctured; a line behind the
+eyes near their vertex, a spot between the antennę and the clypeus,
+yellow; the latter black at the apex, which is notched; the labrum and
+mandibles reddish-yellow, the latter black at their base. Thorax: the
+anterior margin yellow; the tubercles, tegulę, postscutellum, an
+interrupted line on each side of the metathorax, the tibię, tarsi, and
+femora at their apex, yellow; the coxę spotted with yellow and the
+posterior tibię dusky; the wings fusco-hyaline; a black line across the
+tegulę. Abdomen: an ovate spot on each side of the petiole, its apical
+margin, a transverse ovate spot on each side of the first segment, and
+its posterior margin yellow; the following segments covered with a grey
+silky pile.
+
+_Male._ Differs from the female in having the clypeus entirely yellow,
+the metathorax and abdomen entirely black; only the apical margin of the
+petiole is yellow, it is also longer.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+5. EUMENES FLORALIS. _E._ niger; clypeo flavo; thorace pedibusque
+ferrugineo-flavo variegatis.
+
+_Male._ Length 6-1/2 lines. Black; strongly punctured and shining; the
+clypeus and a spot above yellow; a narrow abbreviated line behind the
+eyes, a minute spot in their emargination, and the tips of the mandibles
+orange-red; the flagellum fulvous beneath. Thorax: the anterior and
+posterior margin of the prothorax, the tubercles, and a spot on the
+tegulę behind, a line on the postscutellum and the legs, orange-red, the
+coxę black, and the tarsi dusky; the wings slightly brownish with a
+violet iridescence. Abdomen immaculate, with a minute spot on the
+posterior border of the petiole; the third and following segments with a
+fine cinereous pile.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+Genus ODYNERUS, _Latr._
+
+1. Odynerus ovalis, _Sauss. Mon. Guźpes Sol._ 215. 122. t. 19. f. 4.
+
+_Hab._ India, China, Celebes.
+
+2. ODYNERUS (ANCISTROCERUS) CLAVICORNIS. _O._ niger, flavo varius;
+capite thoraceque fortiter, abdomine delicatule punctatis, antennis
+clavatis.
+
+_Male._ Length 4-1/2 lines. Black; head and thorax strongly punctured
+and shining; a spot on the mandibles, the labrum, the clypeus, a spot
+above, the scape in front, a line in the emargination of the eyes and a
+spot behind them, yellow; the flagellum broadly clavate, the joints
+transverse, the apex of the club and the terminal hook reddish-yellow,
+the thickened part of the club concave beneath, the hook bent into the
+cavity. Thorax: two spots on the anterior margin, a spot on the tegulę
+in front, and the legs, reddish-yellow, the coxę dusky; the metathorax
+coarsely rugose and deeply concave-truncate. Abdomen: the first segment
+with a transverse carina at its base, in front of which is an
+irregularly cut deep transverse channel forming a second carina in front
+of the groove; the segments finely punctured, the first and second
+segments with a yellow posterior border, the fourth and following
+segments rufo-piceous.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+3. ODYNERUS (LEIONOTUS) INSULARIS. _O._ niger, flavo et aurantio
+variegatus; abdominis basi ferruginea.
+
+_Male._ Length 6 lines. Black; the head and thorax strongly punctured;
+the mandibles, clypeus, a line above extending to the anterior ocellus,
+the emargination of the eyes, a spot at their vertex and a line at their
+outer orbits, yellow; the antennę reddish-yellow, with the scape pale
+yellow in front and a narrow fuscous line above; the yellow marking more
+or less stained orange. Thorax: the prothorax orange, its anterior
+border, the tubercles, tegulę, two spots on the scutellum and
+postscutellum, the lateral margins of the metathorax and the legs,
+yellow, the latter with reddish stains; wings subhyaline, the superior
+pair with a fuscous cloud at their apex. The base of the abdomen and a
+large macula on each side of the second segment ferruginous; the apical
+margin of the segments with a yellow border, the first and second with a
+minute notch in the middle; the first and second segments entirely
+ferruginous beneath.
+
+4. ODYNERUS FULVIPENNIS. _O._ niger, flavo varius, pedibus ferrugineis,
+alis fulvo-hyalinis.
+
+_Male._ Black; head and thorax closely and strongly punctured; the
+clypeus and two spots above, a line along the lower margin of the sinus
+of the eyes, a narrow line behind them, the scape in front, and the
+mandibles yellow; the tips of the latter rufo-piceous; the antennę and
+legs ferruginous; an interrupted yellow line on the anterior margin of
+the thorax; the wings fulvo-hyaline; the veins which enclose the
+marginal and second and third submarginal cells fuscous, the rest pale
+testaceous; a fuscous cloud in the marginal cell. Abdomen: the apical
+margin of the second segment with a yellow fascia, the following
+segments with red fascię.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+Genus ICARIA, _Sauss._
+
+1. Icaria ferruginea, _Sauss. Mon. Guźpes Soc._ p. 37. 15.
+
+_Hab._ India, Celebes.
+
+2. ICARIA PILOSA. _I._ nigra, rude punctata et densissime pubescens,
+clypeo flavo, thorace, pedibus abdomineque ferrugineo variegatis; alis
+subhyalinis, anticis apice fusco maculatis.
+
+_Male._ Length 7-1/2 lines. Black; closely and strongly punctured; the
+clypeus, a line on the mandibles, and the scape in front, yellow; tips
+of the mandibles, the scape above, and the base of the flagellum
+ferruginous. Thorax: the prothorax, scutellum and postscutellum,
+ferruginous; the tegulę and legs pale ferruginous, the coxę black; wings
+fusco-hyaline, with a dark cloud in the marginal cell extending to the
+apex of the wing; a fainter cloud traverses the margin of the wing to
+its base. Abdomen: the first, second and third segments with a
+reddish-yellow fascia, that on the second segment continued beneath; a
+longitudinal broad stripe of the same colour on each side of the second
+segment; its apical margin serrated.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+Genus POLISTES, _Latr._
+
+1. Polistes sagittarius, _Sauss. Mon. Guźpes Soc._ p. 56. 12.
+
+Various specimens from Greece and Celebes have the thorax more or less
+ferruginous.
+
+_Hab._ India, Celebes, China, Greece.
+
+2. Polistes Picteti, _Sauss. Mon. Guźpes Soc._ 69. 28. t. 6. f. 8.
+
+_Hab._ Ceram, Australia, Celebes.
+
+3. Polistes fastidiosus, _Sauss. Mon. Guźpes Soc._ p. 60. 18.
+
+_Hab._ Africa (Gambia), Celebes.
+
+4. Polistes stigma, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 261. 41.
+
+_Hab._ India, Ceram, Celebes.
+
+5. Polistes Philippinensis, _Sauss. Mon. Guźpes Soc._ 58. 14 (var.).
+
+_Hab._ Philippine Islands.
+
+Genus VESPA, _Linn._
+
+1. Vespa affinis, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 254. 6 (var. _V. cincta_?).
+
+_Hab._ India, China, Singapore, Celebes.
+
+2. VESPA FERVIDA. _V._ nigra, delicatule punctata; clypei margine
+antica, macula pone oculos, margineque postica segmenti primi abdominis
+flavis; alis fulvo-hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 13 lines. Black; closely and finely punctured; the
+clypeus convex and strongly punctured, emarginate anteriorly, the
+emargination with a yellow border; the eyes extending to the base of the
+mandibles, which have three stout teeth at their apex and a narrow
+yellow line at their inner margin. Thorax: the postscutellum yellow, and
+a minute yellow spot on the outer margin of the tegulę; the wings
+rufo-hyaline, darkest along the anterior margin of the superior pair;
+the nervures ferruginous, gradually becoming darker at the base of the
+wings, the costal nervure black.
+
+_Worker._ Length 9 lines. Very closely resembles the female, but in
+addition to the yellow markings of that sex has the anterior margin of
+the clypeus yellow, a narrow transverse line between the antennę,
+another along the lower margin of the notch of the eyes, an abbreviated
+stripe behind them at the base of the mandibles, a spot beneath the
+postscutellum and a narrow yellow line along the posterior margin of the
+basal segment of the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+
+Fam. TENTHREDINIDĘ.
+
+Genus TENTHREDO, _Linn._
+
+1. TENTHREDO (ALLANTUS) PURPURATA. _T._ capite thoraceque
+cęruleo-viridibus, abdomine purpureo, alis fuscis iridescentibus.
+
+Size, length 4 lines. Head and thorax blue-green, abdomen purple; wings
+dark fuscous with a violet iridescence; an oblique white line on each
+side beneath the scutellum; legs and antennę black.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+
+Fam. ICHNEUMONIDĘ.
+
+Genus MEGISCHUS, _Brullé._
+
+1. Megischus indicus, _Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc._ new ser. i. 1851.
+
+_Hab._ Philippine Islands, Celebes.
+
+Genus MESOSTENUS, _Brullé._
+
+1. MESOSTENUS ALBO-SPINOSUS. _M._ niger, albo varius, abdominis
+segmentis albo marginatis, metathorace spinis duabus albis armato.
+
+_Female._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Black; a half-circular spot on the
+clypeus, a heart-shaped one above it, a spot at the base of the
+mandibles, the orbits of the eyes, interrupted at their vertex,
+yellowish white, the palpi of the same colour, and a broad incomplete
+annulus on the antennę beyond their middle. Thorax: the mesothorax with
+two deeply impressed oblique lines inclined inwards and terminating at
+an ovate spot in the middle of the disk, the scutellum and an oblique
+line on each side a little before it, a horseshoe-shaped spot in the
+middle of the metathorax, and a little below it on each side a conical
+tooth, yellowish white; four spots beneath the wings, one on each side
+of the metathorax, and the coxę beneath, white; the legs ferruginous,
+with the intermediate pair dusky behind, the posterior pair entirely so,
+the femora being black; the wings hyaline, nervures fuscous. Abdomen:
+punctured and with a white fascia on the margins of the three basal
+segments; the two apical segments with very narrow fascię.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+This species is closely allied to the _M. literatus_ of Brullé; but it
+differs too much, I think, to be identical with it.
+
+2. PIMPLA TRIMACULATA. _P._ flava, oculis, macula circa ocellos,
+vittulis tribus mesothoracis setisque caudalibus nigris.
+
+_Female._ Length 6 lines. Yellow; the antennę fuscous above, also a
+fuscous cloud at the apex of the anterior wings, the wings hyaline with
+the nervures black; a spot on the scape within, and three longitudinal
+stripes on the mesothorax, black; the latter slightly punctured
+anteriorly; the metathorax smooth and shining, with three oblique carinę
+on each side, and a small subovate enclosed space in the middle of the
+disk. Abdomen punctured, all the segments margined at their apex, and
+each with a deeply impressed line at their extreme lateral margins; the
+sixth segment with two minute black spots at its basal margin, the two
+apical segments smooth and shining; the ovipositor black.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+This species is closely allied to the _P. trilineata_ of Brullé.
+
+
+Fam. BRACONIDĘ.
+
+1. BRACON INSINUATOR. _B._ capite, thorace pedibusque ferrugineis;
+antennis, tibiis tarsisque posticis et abdomine nigris; alis
+nigro-fuscis, macula hyalina sub stigmate.
+
+_Female._ Length 7-1/2 lines. Head and thorax smooth, shining, and
+ferruginous, the legs ferruginous, with the posterior tibię and tarsi
+black; the antennę black, with the scape and following joint
+ferruginous; wings dark brown, with their extreme base pale testaceous;
+a hyaline stripe runs from the stigma across the first submarginal cell
+and passes a little below it. Abdomen black, smooth, and shining, with
+the lateral margins of the basal segment pale yellow-testaceous; this
+segment has on each side a longitudinal carina, and between them is a
+highly polished bell-shaped form; the second segment with deep oblique
+depressions at the sides, and deeply longitudinally rugose-striate,
+leaving the apical margin smooth and shining; the second segment is
+similarly sculptured, and the third has a transverse groove at its base.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+2. BRACON INTRUDENS. _B._ rufescenti-flavus, antennis setisque
+caudalibus nigris; alis nigro-fuscis, basi fasciaque angusta transversa
+flavis.
+
+_Female._ Length 9 lines. Pale reddish-yellow; the eyes, flagellum, and
+ovipositor black; the scape and the following segment yellow; the head
+and thorax smooth and shining, both pubescent at the sides and beneath,
+the legs covered with a similar pale pubescence; the face with an
+upright horn between the antennę, and a raised flattened plate in front
+of it. Abdomen: the basal segment with the lateral margins raised, and
+having on each side an elongate broad depression extending its entire
+length; the three following with an oblique depression on each side at
+the base of the segment; the third, fourth, and fifth segments
+distinctly margined at their apex; the ovipositor the length of the
+insect.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+Genus AGATHIS, _Latr._
+
+1. AGATHIS SCULPTURALIS. _A._ nigra, prothorace, pedibus anticis
+mediisque ferrugineis; abdomine lęvigato nitido.
+
+_Male._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Black; the mouth, prothorax, anterior and
+intermediate legs, ferruginous; the face with two teeth or horns between
+or a little before the insertion of the antennę, and another at the side
+of each, close to their insertion. Thorax: the mesothorax with two
+deeply impressed lines in front, running inwards, and uniting about the
+middle, and with two or three deep transverse channels before their
+junction; the lateral margins of the mesothorax deeply impressed; the
+metathorax ruggedly sculptured; the posterior coxę and femora closely
+punctured; wings black with a hyaline spot in the first submarginal
+cell. Abdomen very smooth and shining, with a deeply impressed line on
+each side of the basal segment.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+2. AGATHIS MODESTA. _A._ rufescenti-flava; antennis, vertice, tibiis
+posticis apice, tarsisque nigris; alis fusco maculatis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4 lines. Reddish-yellow: the antennę and vertex, black.
+The mesothorax with two deeply impressed longitudinal oblique lines, and
+two parallel ones between them; the metathorax reticulated; wings
+hyaline, with a dark fuscous stain crossing the anterior pair at the
+base of the first submarginal cell, these hyaline to the middle of the
+stigma, beyond which they are fuscous; a subhyaline spot at the apex of
+the marginal cell, and another beneath it at the inferior margin of the
+wing; the posterior tarsi dusky, and the tips of the tibię black.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+3. AGATHIS NITIDA. _A._ nigra, nitida; facie, pectore, pedibus anticis
+et intermediis, plaga infra alas, scutelloque pallide ferrugineis.
+
+Length 4 lines. Black and shining; the face, mandibles, head beneath,
+legs, pectus, sides of the thorax beneath the wings, the scutellum and
+the basal half of the abdomen beneath, pale ferruginous; the mesothorax
+with two longitudinal oblique lines on the disk, which have two parallel
+ones between them; the metathorax coarsely rugose; the wings dark brown,
+with the base of the stigma pale, and a hyaline spot beneath it. Abdomen
+very smooth and shining, with the apical margins of the segments
+narrowly rufo-piceous; the posterior legs incrassate and dark
+rufo-piceous.
+
+
+Fam. CHRYSIDIDĘ.
+
+Genus HEDYCHRUM, _Latr._
+
+1. HEDYCHRUM FLAMMULATUM. _H._ viridi-purpureo lavatum; capite
+thoraceque fortiter, abdomine delicatule, punctatis; alis fuscis basi
+hyalinis.
+
+Length 3 lines. Bright green; the vertex, two oblique stripes on the
+prothorax, meeting in the centre of its anterior margin, a broad
+longitudinal stripe on the disk of the mesothorax, and the sides of the
+scutellum and postscutellum deep purple. Abdomen: the middle of the
+basal segment, the second and third segments at their base, broadly
+purple; the apical margin of the third tinged with purple; wings
+subfuscous, with their base hyaline. The head and thorax coarsely and
+closely punctured, the abdomen finely so; the tarsi with the claws
+unidentate.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+Genus CHRYSIS, _Linn._
+
+1. CHRYSIS PURPUREA. _C._ lęte purpurea, capite, thorace abdominisque
+basi rugosis punctatis, segmentis abdominis secundo et tertio delicatule
+punctatis, apice quadridentato.
+
+Length 3 lines. Bright purple; the head, thorax, and base of the abdomen
+strongly and coarsely punctured, the rest of the abdomen finely
+punctured; the disk of the thorax and apical margins of the segments of
+the abdomen reflecting bright tints of green; the wings subhyaline, the
+nervures dark fuscous; the apical margin of the third segment of the
+abdomen with four teeth, the two central ones approximating, separated
+by a deep notch, the lateral teeth more distant, separated from the
+others by a wide emargination.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+2. CHRYSIS INSULARIS. _C._ nigro-purpurea, violaceo et viridi lavata;
+capite, thorace abdominisque basi rude punctatis.
+
+Length 5 lines. Dark purple, with violet and green reflections; the
+face, legs, and thorax beneath, green; wings slightly fuscous, and
+iridescent; the head and thorax closely and coarsely punctured; the base
+of the abdomen roughly punctured, the two following segments much more
+finely so; the apical segment armed with six teeth, the outer ones
+subacute.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+3. CHRYSIS SUMPTUOSA. _C._ fortiter punctata, metallico-viridis auro
+lavata; thoracis disco, abdominis segmentis secundo et tertio basi
+purpureis; segmento apicali margine integro.
+
+Length 3-1/4 lines. Golden-green; the thorax at the sides and
+posteriorly with bright coppery effulgence; an oblong purple spot on the
+disk of the thorax; the metathorax and its lateral teeth vivid green,
+the vertex and prothorax splashed with gold. Abdomen: the basal segment
+bright green, with a bright coppery or golden effulgence at the sides;
+the second segment purple at the base, coppery at the apex, and with a
+suffusion of green between these tints; the third segment is similarly
+coloured, with the apical margin entire; the insect closely and strongly
+punctured throughout.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+
+
+
+Description of a new Genus of Crustacea, of the Family Pinnotheridę; in
+which the fifth pair of legs are reduced to an almost imperceptible
+rudiment. By THOMAS BELL, Esq., Pres. L. S.
+
+[Read June 3rd, 1858.]
+
+
+Fam. PINNOTHERIDĘ, _Edwards_.
+
+Genus AMORPHOPUS, _Bell_.
+
+CHAR. GEN.:--Corpus subcylindricum. Testa semicircularis, margine
+posteriore recto.--_Antennę externę minimę_, articulo basali orbitam
+subtus partim claudente.--_Antennularum fossulę_ transversę, continuę,
+et ab orbitis haud separatę.--_Pedipalpi externi_ articulo quarto ovato,
+palpo tri-articulato, ad angulum antico-interiorem articuli quarti
+inserto.--Oris apertura antice arcuata.--_Orbitę_ apertę, margine
+inferiore carente, superiore integro.--_Oculi_ transversim
+positi.--_Pedes antici_ robusti, inęquales; _pedum paria secundum,
+tertium et quartum_ longa, subcompressa; _par quintum_ exiguum,
+simplicissimum, rudimentarium, in incisura articuli basalis paris quarti
+insertum.--_Abdomen_ MARIS segmentis tertio cum quarto, et quinto cum
+sexto coalitis; FOEMINĘ?
+
+Sp. unica. _Amorphopus cylindraceus_, mihi.
+
+_Description._--The body is nearly cylindrical, somewhat depressed, the
+carapace very much curved from the point to the back, quite straight
+from side to side; the anterior and lateral margins forming nearly a
+semicircle, the posterior margin straight; the orbits are deeply cut in
+the anterior margin of the carapace, looking upwards; the inferior
+margin wanting; the oral aperture much arched anteriorly; the external
+footjaws with the third articulation somewhat rhomboid, the fourth
+irregularly oval, and the palpi three-jointed, inserted at its anterior
+and inner angle. Epistome extremely small, transversely linear; the
+external antennę placed directly beneath the orbits, the basal joints
+partly filling them beneath. The antennules folded transversely in large
+open fossę, which are scarcely at all separated from each other, and are
+open to the orbits, the eyes lying transversely; the peduncles short and
+thick; the sternum is semicircular, the segments separated by very deep
+grooves; the abdomen very long and narrow, the first and second joint
+transversely linear, the third and fourth united and forming a triangle
+truncated anteriorly at the articulation of the portion formed by the
+fifth and sixth joints united, and which with the seventh form a very
+narrow and linear piece extending forwards to the posterior margin of
+the oral aperture; the first pair of legs robust, unequal (the right
+being the larger in the only specimen at present observed); the hand in
+each as broad as it is long; that of the smaller conspicuously
+tuberculated, that of the larger much less so; the former with the
+fingers nearly meeting throughout their length, those of the latter only
+at the tips; the second, third, and fourth pairs of legs are long,
+somewhat compressed, the third joint tuberculated on the under side, the
+third pair the longest; the fifth pair is reduced to a mere rudiment, in
+the form of a minute tubercle inserted in a little notch at the base of
+the first joint of the fourth pair, and scarcely discernible by the
+naked eye.
+
+_Observations._--The relation of this genus to the Pinnotheridę is
+tolerably obvious, in the smallness of the antennę, the direction and
+arrangement of the eyes, and particularly in the form of the oral
+aperture, and of the external footjaws. I shall not, however, enter upon
+the consideration of these relations, as I am about shortly to offer to
+the Society a review and monograph of the whole of this family. The most
+remarkable peculiarity in the genus is the apparent absence of the fifth
+pair of legs, which can only be discovered to exist at all by
+examination with the help of a lens. In this respect I doubt not that
+the Fabrician genus _Hexapus_, adopted and figured by De Haan, will be
+found to agree with it, although it is very remarkable that the
+anomalous condition of this part never excited any particular attention
+on the part of either of these distinguished naturalists; and De Haan
+describes Fabricius's species, _Hexapus sexpes_, as if there were
+nothing especial or abnormal in a Decapod having only six pairs of legs
+besides the claws. Mr. White made a similar mistake on one occasion,
+when he described an anomourous genus allied to _Lithodes_, in which the
+fifth pair of legs were not visible; but when, at my suggestion, a more
+careful examination was made, they were found, as was anticipated, in a
+rudimentary form, concealed under the edge of the carapace. I believe
+that I can discover even in De Haan's figure something like a little
+tubercle at the base of the fourth leg, which is probably the
+rudimentary representative of the fifth.
+
+
+
+
+Death of the Common Hive Bee, supposed to be occasioned by a parasitic
+Fungus. By the Rev. HENRY HIGGINS. Communicated by the President.
+
+[Read June 3rd, 1858.]
+
+
+On the 18th of March last, Timpron Martin, Esq., of Liverpool,
+communicated to me some circumstances respecting the death of a hive of
+bees in his possession, which induced me to request from him a full
+statement of particulars. Mr. Martin gave me the following account:--
+
+"In October last I had three hives of bees which I received into my
+house. Each doorway was closed, and the hive placed upon a piece of
+calico; the corners were brought over the top, leaving a loop by which
+the hive was suspended from the ceiling. The hives were taken down about
+the 14th of March; two were healthy, but all the bees in the third were
+dead. There was a gallon of bees. The two hives containing live bees
+were much smaller; but in each of them were dead ones. Under whatever
+circumstances you preserve bees through the winter, dead ones are found
+at the bottom, in the spring. The room, an attic, was dry; and I had
+preserved the same hives in the same way during the winter of 1856. In
+what I may call the dead hive there was an abundance of honey when it
+was opened; and it is clear that its inmates did not die for want. It is
+not a frequent occurrence for bees so to die; but I have known another
+instance. In that case the hive was left out in the ordinary way, and
+possibly cold was the cause of death. I think it probable that my bees
+died about a month before the 14th of March, merely from the
+circumstance that some one remarked about that time that there was no
+noise in the hive. They might have died earlier; but there were
+certainly live bees in the hive in January. I understand there was an
+appearance of mould on some of the combs. There was ample ventilation, I
+think; indeed, as the bees were suspended, they had more air than
+through the summer when placed on a stand."
+
+When the occurrence was first made known to me, I suggested that the
+bees might probably have died from the growth of a fungus, and requested
+some of the dead bees might be sent for examination. They were
+transmitted to me in a very dry state; and a careful inspection with a
+lens afforded no indications of vegetable growth. I then broke up a
+specimen, and examined the portions under a compound microscope, using a
+Nachet No. 4. The head and thorax were clean; but on a portion of the
+sternum were innumerable very minute, linear, slightly curved bodies,
+showing the well-known oscillatory or swarming motion. Notwithstanding
+the agreement of these minute bodies with the characters of the genus of
+_Bacterium_ of the Vibrionia, I regarded them as spermatia, having
+frequently seen others undistinguishable from them under circumstances
+inconsistent with the presence of _Confervę_, as in the interior of the
+immature peridia and sporangia of Fungals.
+
+In the specimen first examined there were no other indications of the
+growth of any parasite; but from the interior of the abdomen of a second
+bee I obtained an abundance of well-defined globular bodies resembling
+the spores of a fungus, varying in size from .00016 to .00012 in. Three
+out of four specimens subsequently examined contained similar spores
+within the abdomen. No traces of a mycelium were visible; the plants had
+come to maturity, fruited, and withered away, leaving only the spores.
+
+The chief question then remaining to be solved was as to the time when
+the spores were developed; whether before or after the death of the
+bees. In order, if possible, to determine this, I placed four of the
+dead bees in circumstances favourable for the germination of the spores,
+and in about ten days I submitted them again to examination. They were
+covered with mould, consisting chiefly of a species of _Mucor_, and one
+also of _Botrytis_ or _Botryosporium_. These fungi were clearly
+extraneous, covering indifferently all parts of the insects, and
+spreading on the wood on which they were lying. On the abdomen of all
+the specimens, and on the clypeus of one of them, grew a fungus wholly
+unlike the surrounding mould. It was white and very short, and
+apparently consisted entirely of spores arranged in a moniliform manner,
+like the fertile filaments of a stemless _Penicillium_. These spores
+resembled those found in the abdomen of the Bees, and proceeded I think,
+from them. The filaments were most numerous at the junction of the
+segments. The spores did not resemble the globules in _Sporendonema
+muscę_ of the English Flora, neither were they apparently enclosed.
+
+The Rev. M. J. Berkeley, to whom I sent some of the bees, procured, by
+scraping the interior of the abdomen with a lancet, very minute, curved
+linear bodies from 1/8000 to 1/10000 in. long, which he compares to
+Vibrios. He also found mixed with them globular bodies, but no visible
+stratum of mould.
+
+From the peculiar position of the supposed spores within the abdomen of
+the bees, and from the subsequent growth of a fungus unlike any of our
+common forms of Mucedines, I think it probable that the death of the
+bees was occasioned by the presence of a parasitic fungus.
+
+
+
+
+Notice of the occurrence of recent Worm Tracks in the Upper Part of the
+London Clay Formation near Highgate. By JOHN W. WETHERELL. Communicated
+by JAMES YATES, Esq., M.A., F.L.S.
+
+[Read June 3rd, 1858.]
+
+
+The London clay is very tenacious, and near the surface is generally of
+a brown colour, probably owing to the decomposition of the iron pyrites
+which it contains. It abounds in selenite or sulphate of lime, and in
+nodules which often contain organic remains. Fossil wood with _Teredo
+antenautę_ is also met with, and pyritous casts of univalve and bivalve
+shells. Lower down the stratum becomes more compact and is of a bluish
+or blackish colour, and its fossil contents are in a fine state of
+preservation. During the last summer, while examining the London Clay in
+the vicinity of Highgate in search of fossils, my attention was directed
+to certain appearances in it which I could not account for. This led to
+a further examination, when I found they were produced by the borings of
+_Lumbrici_ or earth-worms. These appearances consisted of long tubes
+passing nearly perpendicularly through the clay and terminating in
+receptacles or _nidi_, each tube leading to a separate receptacle. As
+these receptacles occurred in large numbers, I had an opportunity of
+examining a great many of them with various results. In one instance, I
+found a dead worm coiled up; in another, a portion of a worm protruding
+into the lower part of the tube. Again, _nidi_ were found partially
+filled with only the casts of worms, whilst others contained more or
+less of a species of Conferva; and, lastly, I obtained some with the
+cavities partially or wholly filled up. The receptacles varied in shape,
+from a sphere to an oval, and were extremely thin and fragile. They also
+varied in size from a pea to a nut. Externally they presented an
+appearance so singularly contorted, that I could not help considering
+they were moulded from the casts of worms. They did not appear to have
+any attachment to the surrounding clay, except at the point of junction
+with the tube; and the clay beneath them presented no unusual
+appearance.
+
+Internally they generally exhibited impressions of the worm; but
+occasionally I detected some of the round and contorted appearances
+which I have mentioned as being so conspicuous on the outside. I cannot
+speak with precision as to the length of the tubes, as the clay when
+examined had been broken up into large rough masses in digging for the
+foundations of houses. The largest noticed was about three inches long,
+and the general width one-eighth of an inch. They often run parallel to
+each other, but at unequal distances. I now have to notice what I
+consider a remarkable circumstance, namely, that all the tubes contained
+a solid cylinder of clay, and in every instance where the worms occurred
+under the circumstances above recorded, they were found to be dead.
+Researches of this kind are calculated to throw a light on some of those
+singular phenomena which geologists occasionally meet with in the older
+rocks.
+
+[_Mem._--Several specimens of clay, containing the worm-tubes as above
+described, were exhibited to the meeting.]
+
+
+
+
+Natural History--Extracts from the Journal of Captain Denham, H.M.
+Surveying Vessel 'Herald,' 1857. Communicated by Captain WASHINGTON,
+through the Secretary.
+
+[Read June 3rd, 1858.]
+
+
+We found upon the larger islands the small species of the Kangaroo,
+bearing the native name Wallaby (_Halmaturus Billardierii_), which,
+when mixed with other meats, affords a fine-flavoured soup.
+
+On the islets are flocks of the Cape Banca goose, which Mr. Smith
+informed me were only to be found in these straits in the vicinity of
+Flinders Island, from Cape Banca to Cape Frankland (west about), and
+that they are readily domesticated, and hatch from three to seven eggs,
+and afford an acceptable dish. I obtained a live specimen, which Dr.
+Rayner of this ship describes thus:--"_Cereopsis Novę Hollandię_. Body
+about the size of a common goose; bill short, vaulted, obtuse,
+two-thirds of which is covered by an expanded cere of a pale
+greenish-yellow colour, the tip of the bill being black, arcuated, and
+truncated. Nostrils large, round, open, and situated in the middle of
+the bill. Wings ample, third quill longest. Legs long, light dull-red,
+and naked to a little above the knee. Feet black, webbed, the membrane
+being deeply notched, great toe articulated to the metatarsus. Plumage
+slate-grey, with black spots upon the wings and back. Wing-feathers
+dusky black, and edged at the tip with pale grey. Irides light hazel."
+
+We likewise obtained specimens of the following wildfowl:--
+
+AVES.
+
+  A BRONZE-WING PIGEON,   Phaps elegans.
+  QUAIL,                  Corturnix pectoralis (_Gould_).
+  OYSTER-CATCHER,         Hęmatophus fuliginosus.
+  RING PLOVER,            Hiaticula bicincta.
+  WILD DUCK,              Anas punctata (_Cuvier_).
+  GREAT GULL,             Larus pacificus.
+  LESSER GULL,            Xema Jamesonii.
+  MUTTON BIRD,            Puffinus brevicaudus (_Brandt_).
+  SOUTHERN GANNET,        Sulu australis (_Gould_).
+  SMALL PENGUIN,          Spheniscus minor (_Temminck_).
+
+The Mutton Bird we observed streaming from island to island; and I
+learnt from Mr. Benvenuto Smith the following particulars of its habits
+from his own observations.
+
+The male birds come in from sea in the month of September, and prepare
+the burrows for the reception of the hens. The hen bird does not make
+her appearance till about the 25th November, when she lays and sits at
+once.
+
+The Mutton Bird lays but one egg; they are employed rearing the young
+bird until the month of May, at which time the old birds leave the young
+ones to shift for themselves; the young birds remain in the burrows till
+they are starved down, and then set off to sea, and are not seen again
+amongst the islands till September. The cock and hen sit alternately
+night and day; and all the labour of providing for the young is equally
+shared.
+
+There are at this date about ninety people living on the small islands
+in "Franklin Inlet" who make a livelihood by gathering the oil,
+feathers, and eggs of the Mutton Bird.
+
+Upwards of 2000 gallons of the oil are extracted from the birds
+annually; and although 300,000 birds are known to be destroyed each
+year, they appear undiminished in numbers. The oil burns well, and is of
+a bright-red colour.
+
+I was presented by Mr. Smith with two Paper Nautilus shells (_Argonauta
+tuberculosa_) found on the shore of Flinders Island this season, a
+circumstance which he has remarked occurs but every seventh year, when
+many hundreds are thrown up: the shells are rarely obtained perfect, as
+they are extremely fragile, and the sea fowl pick the fish out of them.
+
+Our Botanic Collector, Mr. Milne, ascertained, from what he obtained
+himself and from what we could contribute from our individual visits to
+the islets, the existence of plants, which he believes to be indigenous,
+belonging to the following families and genera, viz.
+
+  Amentaceę.         Umbelliferę.
+  Asteraceę.         Graminaceę.
+  Rosaceę.           Junceę.
+  Geraniaceę.        Solanum.
+  Euphorbiaceę.      Geranium.
+  Myrtaceę.
+
+Testing the chances of fish refreshment at this anchorage, we found
+little encouragement for hook and line; but the two favouring
+opportunities which the weather allowed for hawling the seine produced
+as tabulated on opposite page.
+
+We found the Reef Islands in this sound so abundant in rabbits since
+Captain Stokes's forethought had set some loose upon them, that, in two
+visits of four hours with but four guns, 100 brace were brought on
+board.
+
+I took care to follow my esteemed brother officers' example and the
+system of introducing such productions, and obtained a dozen couple
+alive for letting loose in Shark Bay.
+
+[A coloured drawing of _Cereopsis Novę Hollandię_ accompanied Captain
+Denham's observations.]
+
+
+                    |  Trawl-seine, |
+                    |   or hook     |
+          |How many |   and line.   |
+          |hawls and| Depth | Nature|  Natural
+          |  phase  |  of   |   of  |  History     | Common   |No. of|Pounds
+Locality. |of [moon]| water.|bottom.|   Names.     |  Names.  |sorts.|weight.
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+West side | 6 hawls |   with seine. |Mugil         |Mullet    |     23| 28|
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+Flinders  | ... ... |  1/2  |... ...|Hemiramphus   |Gar-fish  |     10|  5|
+Isl.      |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+Settlement|[moon] } |   1   | Sand  |{Platycephalus|Flat-head,|      3|  1|
+          |         |fathom |       |              |small     |       |   |
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+Bay       |14 days} |  on   |  and  |{Raia         |Sting Ray |      2| 29|
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+H.W.F. &  |... ... }|a flat | weed  |{Iulis        |Small fish|Several|...|
+C. [moon] |         |       |       |              |of the    |       |   |
+X. 30.    |         |       |       |              |Basse     |       |   |
+          |         |       |       |              |family    |       |   |
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+Range 10  |  L.W.   |... ...|... ...|Labrax        |Basse     |      1|  1|
+ft.       |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+East side | 7 hawls |  with seine   |{Myliobatis   |Ray       |     11|375|
+of }      |         |    (mar.).    |              |          |       |   |
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+Hummock } | [moon]  |... ...|... ...|{Mugil        |Mullet    |     20| 30|
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+Island    | 26 days |1 to 3 | Sandy |Platycephalus |Flat-head |      3|  2|
+centre    |         | fams. | beach |              |          |       |   |
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+          |         |       |       |{Siphyracus   |Barracouta|      1|  1|
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+Bay       | at 3/4  |... ...|... ...|{Scomberesox  |Saury     |     27| 17|
+          |  flood  |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+          |         |       |       |{Sepioteuthis |Cuttlefish|Several|...|
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+          |         |       |       |              |Total     |    ...|489|
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+
+
+On some points in the Anatomy of _Nautilus pompilius_. By T. H. HUXLEY,
+F.R.S., Professor of Natural History, Government School of Mines.
+
+[Read June 3rd, 1858.]
+
+
+Some time ago my friend Dr. Sinclair, of New Zealand, had the kindness
+to offer me two specimens of the Pearly Nautilus which had been brought
+to him from New Caledonia, preserved in Goadby's solution. I gladly
+accepted the present, and looked forward to the dissection of the rare
+animal with no little pleasure; but on proceeding to examine one of the
+specimens, I found its anatomical value greatly diminished by the manner
+in which a deposit from the solution had glued together some of the
+internal viscera. Other parts of the Nautilus, however, were in a very
+good state of preservation; and I have noted down such novel and
+interesting peculiarities as they presented, in the hope that an account
+of them will be acceptable to the Linnean Society.
+
+Of the six apertures which, besides the genital and anal outlets, open
+into the branchial cavity of _Nautilus pompilius_, one on each side lies
+immediately above and in front of that fold of the inner wall of the
+mantle which forms the lower root of the smaller and inner gill, and
+encloses the branchial vein of that gill. The aperture is elongated and
+narrow, with rather prominent lips. It measures about 1/8th of an inch.
+
+The other two apertures are larger, and lie at a distance of 7/16ths of
+an inch below and behind the other. They are in close juxta-position,
+being separated only by a thin triangular fold of membrane, which
+constitutes the inner lip of the one and the outer lip of the other.
+
+The inner aperture is the larger, measuring 3/16ths of an inch in long
+diameter, and having the form of a triangle with its base directed
+posteriorly. The outer aperture is not more than 1/8th of an inch long.
+The two apertures lie just above the edge of the fold of membrane which
+runs from the inner root of the larger or outer branchia, across the
+branchial cavity and beneath the rectum, to the other side.
+
+These apertures lead into five sacs, which collectively constitute what
+has been described as the pericardium. The sacs into which the superior
+apertures open, by a short wide canal with folded walls, are situated on
+each side of and above the rectum. Their inner boundaries are separated
+by a space of not less than 5/8ths of an inch in width, in which lie
+the vena cava and the oviduct. Each cavity has a rounded circumference,
+and a transverse diameter of about half an inch. In a direction at right
+angles to this diameter the dimensions vary with its state of
+distension; but a quarter of an inch would be a fair average.
+
+The anterior or outer wall of the cavity is formed by the mantle; the
+posterior, inner, or visceral wall by a delicate membrane. The former
+separates it from the branchial cavity; the latter from the fifth sac,
+to be described by-and-by. I could find no natural aperture in the thin
+inner wall, so that I conceive no communication can take place between
+either of these sacs and the fifth sac.
+
+Two irregular, flattened, brownish, soft plates depend from the
+posterior wall of the sac into its cavity; their attached edges are
+fixed along a line which is directed from behind obliquely forwards and
+upwards.
+
+The outer and smaller of the inferior apertures on each side leads into
+a sac of similar dimensions and constitution to the preceding, but
+having a less rounded outline in consequence of its being flattened in
+one direction against its fellow of the opposite side, from which it is
+separated only by a delicate membranous wall, whilst on another side it
+is applied against the inferior wall of the superior sac, and is in like
+manner separated from it only by a thin and membranous partition.
+
+Like the upper sacs, each of these has two dark-brown, lamellar,
+glandular masses depending from its membranous visceral wall.
+
+A delicate, but broad, triangular membranous process, about 1/4th of an
+inch long, hangs down freely from the visceral wall of the cavity just
+behind the opening of the short canal which connects the sac with its
+aperture.
+
+The third and largest aperture on each side opens directly into a very
+large fifth cavity, whose boundary is formed anteriorly by the visceral
+walls of the sacs already described, and behind this by the mantle
+itself as far as the horny band which marks and connects the insertion
+of the shell-muscles.
+
+In fact this cavity may be said to be co-extensive with the attached
+part of the mantle,--the viscera, enclosed within their delicate
+"peritoneal" membranous coat, projecting into and nearly filling it, but
+nevertheless leaving a clear space between themselves and the delicate
+posterior wall of the mantle.
+
+A layer of the "peritoneal" membrane extends from the posterior edge of
+the muscular expansion which lies between the shell-muscles and from the
+upper wall of the dilatation of the vena cava, and passes upwards and
+backwards like a diaphragm to the under surfaces of the gizzard and
+liver. It is traversed by the aorta, to whose coats it closely adheres.
+
+Along a line nearly corresponding with the horny band which proceeds
+from the insertions of the shell-muscles and encircles the mantle below,
+the pallial wall is produced inwards and forwards into a membranous fold
+or ligament, which I will call the pallio-visceral ligament; and this
+pallio-visceral ligament becoming attached to various viscera, divides
+the great fifth chamber into an anterior inferior, and a posterior
+superior portion, which communicate freely with one another.
+
+Commencing with its extreme right-hand end, the ligament is inserted
+into the line of reflection of the mantle, and then into the wall of the
+oviduct, which becomes enclosed as it were within the ligament. The
+latter then ends in a free edge on the inner side of the oviduct, and is
+continued along it until it reaches the inferior surface of the apex of
+the ovary, into which it is inserted.
+
+The free edge is arcuated; and the rectum passes over it, but is in no
+way connected with it.
+
+Here, therefore, is one great passage of communication between the
+anterior and posterior divisions of the fifth chamber.
+
+On the left side, this aperture is limited by the heart, whose posterior
+edge is, on the left side, connected by means of a ligamentous band with
+the surface of the apex of the ovary; but on the right, for the greater
+part of its extent, receives a process of the pallio-visceral ligament.
+Between the ovario-cardiac ligament and this process lies the small oval
+aperture already described by Professor Owen, which gives passage to the
+siphonal artery. It constitutes the middle aperture of communication
+between the two divisions of the fifth chamber.
+
+The left-hand end of the ligament is inserted into the upper wall of the
+dilated end of the vena cava; but between this point and the heart it
+has a free arcuated edge, as on the right side.
+
+Thus there are in reality three apertures of communication between the
+two divisions of the fifth chamber, the middle, by far the smallest,
+being alone hitherto known.
+
+A delicate membranous band passes from the whole length of the middle
+line of the rectum to the heart and to the ovary.
+
+The singular "pyriform appendage" of the heart lies in the left process
+of the ligament, its anterior edge nearly following the arcuated contour
+of that process.
+
+The siphuncular process of the mantle was broken in my specimen; but
+its aperture appeared to communicate quite freely with the posterior
+division of the fifth chamber.
+
+Four sets of brownish, glandular-looking bodies depend into the anterior
+division of the fifth chamber, from parts of the delicate septa dividing
+this from the four small sacs, corresponding with the insertions of the
+glandular bodies above described.
+
+In fact, on distending the vena cava with air, it is found that the four
+branchial arteries traverse these septa, and that the appendages in
+question are diverticula of their walls. Consequently the anterior wall
+of each branchial vein is produced into two glandular appendages, which
+hang into one of the four smaller sacs, while the posterior wall is
+produced into a single mass of appendages, which hangs into the anterior
+division of the fifth chamber.
+
+Although, as I believe, the five chambers do not communicate directly,
+all the appendages must nevertheless be equally bathed with sea-water,
+which enters by the apertures of the chambers.
+
+An impacted yellowish-white concretionary matter filled the anterior
+chamber; and a small quantity of it lay as a fine powder at the bottom
+of the posterior one. In the latter, however, its presence might, by
+possibility, have been accidental. My colleague, Dr. Percy, who kindly
+undertook to examine this substance, informs me that he has been unable
+to detect uric acid in it. The follicular appendages of the branchial
+arteries present remarkable differences in their external appearance.
+The eight which hang into the four anterior chambers are similar,
+slightly festooned, but otherwise simple lamellę; while the four which
+depend into the posterior chambers are produced into a number of
+papillary processes. This external difference is obvious enough: whether
+it be accompanied by a corresponding discrepancy in minute structure I
+am unable to say; for I have not as yet been able to arrive at any
+satisfactory results from the microscopic examination of the altered
+tissues, and, as will be seen below, the only observer who has had the
+opportunity of examining the Nautilus in the fresh state has not noted
+any difference of structure in the two sets of follicles.
+
+One is naturally led to seek among other mollusks for a structure
+analogous to the vast posterior aquiferous chamber of the Nautilus; and
+it appears to me that something quite similar is offered by the
+_Ascidioida_ and the _Brachiopoda_. In both cases, the viscera, inclosed
+within a delicate tissue, project into a large cavity communicating
+freely with the exterior by the cloacal aperture in the one case, and
+by the funnel-shaped channels which have been miscalled "hearts" in the
+other.
+
+The rudimentary renal organs of the Ascidian are developed in the walls
+of the cavity in question; and an aquiferous chamber of smaller
+dimensions has the same relation to the kidney in Lamellibranchiata--in
+Gasteropoda, Heteropoda, Pteropoda, and dibranchiate Cephalopoda. But
+although such is likely enough to be the case, we do not know at present
+that the aquiferous chambers in any of the last named mollusks attain an
+extension similar to that which obtains in Nautilus.
+
+On comparing the observations detailed above with the statements of
+previous writers, I find that, in his well-known "Memoir on the Pearly
+Nautilus" (1832), Professor Owen describes "on each side, at the roots
+of the branchię," "a small mamillary eminence with a transverse slit
+which conducts from the branchial cavity into the pericardium. There is,
+moreover, a foramen at the lower part of the cavity (_o_, pl. 5)
+permitting the escape of a small vessel; and by the side of this vessel
+a free passage is continued between the gizzard and ovary into the
+membranous tube or siphon that traverses the divisions of the shell,
+thus establishing a communication between the interior of that tube and
+the exterior of the animal."
+
+The foramen here described is easily seen; but, as I have stated, there
+are other modes of communication between the so-called pericardium and
+the cavity with which the siphuncle communicates, of a far more
+extensive nature.
+
+With respect to the pericardium itself, Professor Owen states, "The
+peritoneum, after lining the cavity which contains the crop and liver,
+and enveloping those viscera, forms two distinct pouches at the bottom
+of the pallial sac, in one of which, the left, is contained the gizzard,
+and in the other the ovary; anterior to these, and on the ventral aspect
+of the liver, is another distinct cavity, of a square shape, which
+contains the heart and principal vessels, with the glandular appendages
+connected therewith." This is what the author terms the pericardium.
+
+As Van der Hoeven has pointed out, however, the gizzard lies to the
+right and the ovary to the left. Moreover, the gizzard is superior to
+the ovary, so as only to overlap it a little above; and I can find no
+evidence of the existence of such distinct pouches as those described.
+
+Professor Owen states that the branchię "arise by a common peduncle from
+the inner surface of the mantle." My own observations, however, and Van
+der Hoeven's figures, of both male and female, lead me to believe that
+the peduncles of the branchię are perfectly distinct from one another.
+
+The follicles of the branchial arteries are thus described in the
+"Memoir on the Pearly Nautilus:"--"They are short and pyriform and
+closely set together. To each of the branchial arteries are appended
+three clusters of these glands, of which one is larger than the united
+volume of both the others; and the larger cluster is situated on one
+side of the vessel and the two smaller on the opposite side. Each of
+these clusters is contained in a membranous receptacle proper to itself,
+partitioned off, as it were, from the pericardium, but communicating
+with it.... The two canals which form the communication between the
+pericardium and the branchial cavity commence at the receptacle of the
+lesser cluster attached to the superior branchial arteries, and
+terminate at the papillę before mentioned, which are situated at the
+roots of the branchię. The pericardium and these receptacles of the
+glands, when first laid open, were found filled with a coagulated
+substance so closely compacted as to require a careful removal, bit by
+bit, before the contained follicles and vessels could be brought into
+view."
+
+Like Valenciennes and Van der Hoeven, I have been unable to find any
+communication between the four sacs in which the small double clusters
+of follicles are contained, and the "pericardium;" and I hold it to be
+certain that the other four sets of follicles are not contained in sacs
+at all, but lie free in the "pericardium" or posterior chamber.
+
+No notice is here taken of the widely different characters of the
+anterior and posterior follicles; and the figure gives both a similar
+structure.
+
+Valenciennes ("Nouvelles Recherches sur le Nautile Flambé," 'Archives du
+Muséum,' ii., 1841) pointed out the existence of three pairs of
+apertures opening into the branchial sac, besides the genital and anal
+openings; and he affirms that they open into as many closed sacs, which
+communicate neither with one another nor with the cavity that contains
+the heart. M. Valenciennes indicates the difference in the structure of
+the anterior and posterior venous appendages. He seems to me to have
+seen something of the part which I have described as the pallio-visceral
+ligament; but I cannot clearly comprehend either his figure or his
+description.
+
+Van der Hoeven, in his 'Contributions to the Knowledge of the Animal of
+_Nautilus pompilius_,' 1850, confirmed the statement of Valenciennes
+with regard to the existence of three pairs of apertures; but he showed,
+in opposition to him, that one of these pairs of apertures communicated
+with the pericardium. The sacs into which the other two pairs open are,
+according to this anatomist, blind. In the aperture of the anterior
+blind sac he found a concretionary matter which he supposed to contain
+uric acid, but chemical analysis did not confirm the supposition. Van
+der Hoeven refers to some observations by Vrolik; but as these are in
+Dutch, and have not, so far as I can find, been translated into either
+French, German, or English, I know not what they may contain.
+
+In his more recent essay, translated in 'Wiegmann's Archiv' for 1857,
+under the title of "Beitrag zur Anatomie von _Nautilus pompilius_," Van
+der Hoeven states that he has again found hard concretions in the
+chamber enclosing the appendage of the anterior branchial artery, and
+that these on chemical analysis yielded phosphate of lime and traces of
+fat and albumen, but no uric acid.
+
+Mr. Macdonald, in a valuable paper on the anatomy of _Nautilus
+umbilicatus_, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1855, thus
+describes the follicular appendages of the branchial arteries:--
+
+"These follicles are subcylindrical in form, somewhat dilated at the
+free extremity, to which is appended a folded and funnel-shaped process
+of membrane, which expands rather suddenly, presenting a jagged and
+irregular border. They open by a smooth and oval or slit-like, orifice
+into the afferent pulmonary vessels, on each of which, as Professor Owen
+has observed, they are disposed in three clusters. The outer membrane is
+smooth and glassy, homogeneous in structure and sprinkled over with
+minute rounded and transparent bodies, probably the nuclei of cells.
+Beneath this layer, flat bundles of fibres, apparently muscular, are
+traceable here and there, principally disposed in a longitudinal
+direction, and sometimes branched. The lining membrane consists of a
+loose epithelial pavement in many respects similar to that of the
+uriniferous tubules of the higher animals, the cells containing, besides
+the nuclei, numerous minute oil-globules, or a substance much resembling
+concrete fatty matter. This membrane is thrown up into an infinite
+number of papillę and corrugations, so as to augment the extent of
+surface considerably. The papillę are more numerous at the inner part or
+towards the attached end; and a circlet of longitudinally disposed folds
+radiate from the bottom of the follicles, in which a number of small
+pits or fenestrations are sometimes visible. The sides of these folds
+are wrinkled transversely so as to present a median zigzag elevation.
+The funnel-shaped membranous process above noticed is continuous with
+the lining membrane, consisting of an extension of the same epithelial
+pavement; but the cells are somewhat larger and more regular in form.
+The cavity of each follicle, therefore, communicates with the exterior
+through the centre of this process; and the aperture is thus guarded by
+a kind of circular valve, permitting the escape of secreted matter, but
+effectually preventing the entrance of fluid from without."
+
+In his fig. 9, pl. xv., Mr. Macdonald depicts certain "crystalline
+bodies often occurring within the follicles."
+
+From what Mr. Macdonald states, one would be led to conclude that all
+the follicles have the same structure; but I suspect this to be an
+oversight.
+
+[Illustration: _Nautilus pompilius._ Fig. 1.
+
+Viewed from the left side and a little behind.
+
+Two of the anterior chambers, and the fifth or posterior chamber, laid
+open. Natural size.
+
+_a._ Shell muscle. _b._ Ovary. _c._ Intestine. _d._ Heart; _d'._ its
+pyriform appendage. _e._ Superior anterior chamber; _e'._ its follicles.
+_f._ Inferior anterior chamber; _f'._ its follicles. _g._ Posterior
+chamber; _g'._ Follicles. _h._ Cut ends of branchial arteries. _i._
+Termination of vena cava. _k._ Pallio-visceral ligament.]
+
+In the second edition of Professor Owen's Lectures on the Invertebrata
+(1855), I find no mention of Valenciennes' discovery of the additional
+four apertures; but the author states that "on each side, at the roots
+of the anterior branchię, there is a small mamillary eminence with a
+transverse slit, which conducts from the branchial cavity to one of the
+compartments of the pericardium containing two clusters of venous
+glands. There are also two similar, but smaller, slits, contiguous to
+one another, near the root of the posterior branchia on each side, which
+lead to and may admit sea-water into the compartments containing the
+posterior cluster of the venous follicles." In this work the ovary is
+not only described, but _figured_, on the right side of the gizzard. The
+figure, however, rightly places the greater part of the ovary below that
+organ.
+
+[Illustration: _Nautilus pompilius._ Fig. 2.
+
+Natural Size.
+
+The pallio-visceral ligament seen from below: torn on the right side to
+show the rectum and oviduct; cut through on the left side along the
+dotted line close to _d'_ in the preceding figure.
+
+_a._ Anus. _b._ Oviducal aperture. _c._ Heart. _d._ Left branchial
+veins. _e._ Right branchial veins. _f._ Oviduct cut through. _g._ Ovary.
+_h._ Rectum. _i._ Mantle. _k k k._ Pallio-visceral ligament; _k'._ its
+torn portion. The oval "aperture for the siphonal artery" is seen to the
+left of _c'_, and the right-hand style in _Fig._ 1 passes through it.]
+
+
+
+
+On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of
+Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection. By CHARLES DARWIN,
+Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., & F.G.S., and ALFRED WALLACE, Esq. Communicated by
+Sir CHARLES LYELL, F.R.S., F.L.S., and J. D. HOOKER, Esq., M.D.,
+V.P.R.S., F.L.S., &c.
+
+[Read July 1st, 1858.]
+
+London, June 30th, 1858.
+
+
+MY DEAR SIR,--The accompanying papers, which we have the honour of
+communicating to the Linnean Society, and which all relate to the same
+subject, viz. the Laws which affect the Production of Varieties, Races,
+and Species, contain the results of the investigations of two
+indefatigable naturalists, Mr. Charles Darwin and Mr. Alfred Wallace.
+
+These gentlemen having, independently and unknown to one another,
+conceived the same very ingenious theory to account for the appearance
+and perpetuation of varieties and of specific forms on our planet, may
+both fairly claim the merit of being original thinkers in this important
+line of inquiry; but neither of them having published his views, though
+Mr. Darwin has for many years past been repeatedly urged by us to do so,
+and both authors having now unreservedly placed their papers in our
+hands, we think it would best promote the interests of science that a
+selection from them should be laid before the Linnean Society.
+
+Taken in the order of their dates, they consist of:--
+
+1. Extracts from a MS. work on Species[A], by Mr. Darwin, which was
+sketched in 1839, and copied in 1844, when the copy was read by Dr.
+Hooker, and its contents afterwards communicated to Sir Charles Lyell.
+The first Part is devoted to "The Variation of Organic Beings under
+Domestication and in their Natural State;" and the second chapter of
+that Part, from which we propose to read to the Society the extracts
+referred to, is headed, "On the Variation of Organic Beings in a state
+of Nature; on the Natural Means of Selection; on the Comparison of
+Domestic Races and true Species."
+
+2. An abstract of a private letter addressed to Professor Asa Gray, of
+Boston, U.S., in October 1857, by Mr. Darwin, in which he repeats his
+views, and which shows that these remained unaltered from 1839 to 1857.
+
+3. An Essay by Mr. Wallace, entitled "On the Tendency of Varieties to
+depart indefinitely from the Original Type." This was written at Ternate
+in February 1858, for the perusal of his friend and correspondent Mr.
+Darwin, and sent to him with the expressed wish that it should be
+forwarded to Sir Charles Lyell, if Mr. Darwin thought it sufficiently
+novel and interesting. So highly did Mr. Darwin appreciate the value of
+the views therein set forth, that he proposed, in a letter to Sir
+Charles Lyell, to obtain Mr. Wallace's consent to allow the Essay to be
+published as soon as possible. Of this step we highly approved, provided
+Mr. Darwin did not withhold from the public, as he was strongly inclined
+to do (in favour of Mr. Wallace), the memoir which he had himself
+written on the same subject, and which, as before stated, one of us had
+perused in 1844, and the contents of which we had both of us been privy
+to for many years. On representing this to Mr. Darwin, he gave us
+permission to make what use we thought proper of his memoir, &c.; and in
+adopting our present course, of presenting it to the Linnean Society, we
+have explained to him that we are not solely considering the relative
+claims to priority of himself and his friend, but the interests of
+science generally; for we feel it to be desirable that views founded on
+a wide deduction from facts, and matured by years of reflection, should
+constitute at once a goal from which others may start, and that, while
+the scientific world is waiting for the appearance of Mr. Darwin's
+complete work, some of the leading results of his labours, as well as
+those of his able correspondent, should together be laid before the
+public.
+
+We have the honour to be yours very obediently,
+
+                                         CHARLES LYELL.
+                                         JOS. D. HOOKER.
+
+_J. J. Bennett, Esq.,_
+  _Secretary of the Linnean Society._
+
+
+I. _Extract from an unpublished Work on Species, by_ C. DARWIN, Esq.,
+_consisting of a portion of a Chapter entitled, "On the Variation of
+Organic Beings in a state of Nature; on the Natural Means of Selection;
+on the Comparison of Domestic Races and true Species._"
+
+De Candolle, in an eloquent passage, has declared that all nature is at
+war, one organism with another, or with external nature. Seeing the
+contented face of nature, this may at first well be doubted; but
+reflection will inevitably prove it to be true. The war, however, is not
+constant, but recurrent in a slight degree at short periods, and more
+severely at occasional more distant periods; and hence its effects are
+easily overlooked. It is the doctrine of Malthus applied in most cases
+with tenfold force. As in every climate there are seasons, for each of
+its inhabitants, of greater and less abundance, so all annually breed;
+and the moral restraint which in some small degree checks the increase
+of mankind is entirely lost. Even slow-breeding mankind has doubled in
+twenty-five years; and if he could increase his food with greater ease,
+he would double in less time. But for animals without artificial means,
+the amount of food for each species must, _on an average_, be constant,
+whereas the increase of all organisms tends to be geometrical, and in a
+vast majority of cases at an enormous ratio. Suppose in a certain spot
+there are eight pairs of birds, and that _only_ four pairs of them
+annually (including double hatches) rear only four young, and that these
+go on rearing their young at the same rate, then at the end of seven
+years (a short life, excluding violent deaths, for any bird) there will
+be 2048 birds, instead of the original sixteen. As this increase is
+quite impossible, we must conclude either that birds do not rear nearly
+half their young, or that the average life of a bird is, from accident,
+not nearly seven years. Both checks probably concur. The same kind of
+calculation applied to all plants and animals affords results more or
+less striking, but in very few instances more striking than in man.
+
+Many practical illustrations of this rapid tendency to increase are on
+record, among which, during peculiar seasons, are the extraordinary
+numbers of certain animals; for instance, during the years 1826 to 1828,
+in La Plata, when from drought some millions of cattle perished, the
+whole country actually _swarmed_ with mice. Now I think it cannot be
+doubted that during the breeding-season all the mice (with the exception
+of a few males or females in excess) ordinarily pair, and therefore that
+this astounding increase during three years must be attributed to a
+greater number than usual surviving the first year, and then breeding,
+and so on till the third year, when their numbers were brought down to
+their usual limits on the return of wet weather. Where man has
+introduced plants and animals into a new and favourable country, there
+are many accounts in how surprisingly few years the whole country has
+become stocked with them. This increase would necessarily stop as soon
+as the country was fully stocked; and yet we have every reason to
+believe, from what is known of wild animals, that _all_ would pair in
+the spring. In the majority of cases it is most difficult to imagine
+where the checks fall--though generally, no doubt, on the seeds, eggs,
+and young; but when we remember how impossible, even in mankind (so much
+better known than any other animal), it is to infer from repeated casual
+observations what the average duration of life is, or to discover the
+different percentage of deaths to births in different countries, we
+ought to feel no surprise at our being unable to discover where the
+check falls in any animal or plant. It should always be remembered, that
+in most cases the checks are recurrent yearly in a small, regular
+degree, and in an extreme degree during unusually cold, hot, dry, or wet
+years, according to the constitution of the being in question. Lighten
+any check in the least degree, and the geometrical powers of increase in
+every organism will almost instantly increase the average number of the
+favoured species. Nature may be compared to a surface on which rest ten
+thousand sharp wedges touching each other and driven inwards by
+incessant blows. Fully to realize these views much reflection is
+requisite. Malthus on man should be studied; and all such cases as those
+of the mice in La Plata, of the cattle and horses when first turned out
+in South America, of the birds by our calculation, &c., should be well
+considered. Reflect on the enormous multiplying power _inherent and
+annually in action_ in all animals; reflect on the countless seeds
+scattered by a hundred ingenious contrivances, year after year, over the
+whole face of the land; and yet we have every reason to suppose that the
+average percentage of each of the inhabitants of a country usually
+remains constant. Finally, let it be borne in mind that this average
+number of individuals (the external conditions remaining the same) in
+each country is kept up by recurrent struggles against other species or
+against external nature (as on the borders of the Arctic regions, where
+the cold checks life), and that ordinarily each individual of every
+species holds its place, either by its own struggle and capacity of
+acquiring nourishment in some period of its life, from the egg upwards;
+or by the struggle of its parents (in short-lived organisms, when the
+main check occurs at longer intervals) with other individuals of the
+_same_ or _different_ species.
+
+But let the external conditions of a country alter. If in a small
+degree, the relative proportions of the inhabitants will in most cases
+simply be slightly changed; but let the number of inhabitants be small,
+as on an island, and free access to it from other countries be
+circumscribed, and let the change of conditions continue progressing
+(forming new stations), in such a case the original inhabitants must
+cease to be as perfectly adapted to the changed conditions as they were
+originally. It has been shown in a former part of this work, that such
+changes of external conditions would, from their acting on the
+reproductive system, probably cause the organization of those beings
+which were most affected to become, as under domestication, plastic.
+Now, can it be doubted, from the struggle each individual has to obtain
+subsistence, that any minute variation in structure, habits, or
+instincts, adapting that individual better to the new conditions, would
+tell upon its vigour and health? In the struggle it would have a better
+_chance_ of surviving; and those of its offspring which inherited the
+variation, be it ever so slight, would also have a better _chance_.
+Yearly more are bred than can survive; the smallest grain in the
+balance, in the long run, must tell on which death shall fall, and which
+shall survive. Let this work of selection on the one hand, and death on
+the other, go on for a thousand generations, who will pretend to affirm
+that it would produce no effect, when we remember what, in a few years,
+Bakewell effected in cattle, and Western in sheep, by this identical
+principle of selection?
+
+To give an imaginary example from changes in progress on an island:--let
+the organization of a canine animal which preyed chiefly on rabbits, but
+sometimes on hares, become slightly plastic; let these same changes
+cause the number of rabbits very slowly to decrease, and the number of
+hares to increase; the effect of this would be that the fox or dog would
+be driven to try to catch more hares: his organization, however, being
+slightly plastic, those individuals with the lightest forms, longest
+limbs, and best eyesight, let the difference be ever so small, would be
+slightly favoured, and would tend to live longer, and to survive during
+that time of the year when food was scarcest; they would also rear more
+young, which would tend to inherit these slight peculiarities. The less
+fleet ones would be rigidly destroyed. I can see no more reason to doubt
+that these causes in a thousand generations would produce a marked
+effect, and adapt the form of the fox or dog to the catching of hares
+instead of rabbits, than that greyhounds can be improved by selection
+and careful breeding. So would it be with plants under similar
+circumstances. If the number of individuals of a species with plumed
+seeds could be increased by greater powers of dissemination within its
+own area (that is, if the check to increase fell chiefly on the seeds),
+those seeds which were provided with ever so little more down, would in
+the long run be most disseminated; hence a greater number of seeds thus
+formed would germinate, and would tend to produce plants inheriting the
+slightly better-adapted down[B].
+
+Besides this natural means of selection, by which those individuals are
+preserved, whether in their egg, or larval, or mature state, which are
+best adapted to the place they fill in nature, there is a second agency
+at work in most unisexual animals, tending to produce the same effect,
+namely, the struggle of the males for the females. These struggles are
+generally decided by the law of battle, but in the case of birds,
+apparently, by the charms of their song, by their beauty or their power
+of courtship, as in the dancing rock-thrush of Guiana. The most vigorous
+and healthy males, implying perfect adaptation, must generally gain the
+victory in their contests. This kind of selection, however, is less
+rigorous than the other; it does not require the death of the less
+successful, but gives to them fewer descendants. The struggle falls,
+moreover, at a time of year when food is generally abundant, and perhaps
+the effect chiefly produced would be the modification of the secondary
+sexual characters, which are not related to the power of obtaining food,
+or to defence from enemies, but to fighting with or rivalling other
+males. The result of this struggle amongst the males may be compared in
+some respects to that produced by those agriculturists who pay less
+attention to the careful selection of all their young animals, and more
+to the occasional use of a choice mate.
+
+
+II. _Abstract of a Letter from_ C. DARWIN, Esq., _to_ Prof. ASA GRAY,
+_Boston, U.S., dated Down, September 5th, 1857._
+
+1. It is wonderful what the principle of selection by man, that is the
+picking out of individuals with any desired quality, and breeding from
+them, and again picking out, can do. Even breeders have been astounded
+at their own results. They can act on differences inappreciable to an
+uneducated eye. Selection has been _methodically_ followed in _Europe_
+for only the last half century; but it was occasionally, and even in
+some degree methodically, followed in the most ancient times. There must
+have been also a kind of unconscious selection from a remote period,
+namely in the preservation of the individual animals (without any
+thought of their offspring) most useful to each race of man in his
+particular circumstances. The "roguing," as nurserymen call the
+destroying of varieties which depart from their type, is a kind of
+selection. I am convinced that intentional and occasional selection has
+been the main agent in the production of our domestic races; but however
+this may be, its great power of modification has been indisputably shown
+in later times. Selection acts only by the accumulation of slight or
+greater variations, caused by external conditions, or by the mere fact
+that in generation the child is not absolutely similar to its parent.
+Man, by this power of accumulating variations, adapts living beings to
+his wants--may be said to make the wool of one sheep good for carpets,
+of another for cloth, &c.
+
+2. Now suppose there were a being who did not judge by mere external
+appearances, but who could study the whole internal organization, who
+was never capricious, and should go on selecting for one object during
+millions of generations; who will say what he might not effect? In
+nature we have some _slight_ variation occasionally in all parts; and I
+think it can be shown that changed conditions of existence is the main
+cause of the child not exactly resembling its parents; and in nature
+geology shows us what changes have taken place, and are taking place. We
+have almost unlimited time; no one but a practical geologist can fully
+appreciate this. Think of the Glacial period, during the whole of which
+the same species at least of shells have existed; there must have been
+during this period millions on millions of generations.
+
+3. I think it can be shown that there is such an unerring power at work
+in _Natural Selection_ (the title of my book), which selects exclusively
+for the good of each organic being. The elder De Candolle, W. Herbert,
+and Lyell have written excellently on the struggle for life; but even
+they have not written strongly enough. Reflect that every being (even
+the elephant) breeds at such a rate, that in a few years, or at most a
+few centuries, the surface of the earth would not hold the progeny of
+one pair. I have found it hard constantly to bear in mind that the
+increase of every single species is checked during some part of its
+life, or during some shortly recurrent generation. Only a few of those
+annually born can live to propagate their kind. What a trifling
+difference must often determine which shall survive, and which perish!
+
+4. Now take the case of a country undergoing some change. This will tend
+to cause some of its inhabitants to vary slightly--not but that I
+believe most beings vary at all times enough for selection to act on
+them. Some of its inhabitants will be exterminated; and the remainder
+will be exposed to the mutual action of a different set of inhabitants,
+which I believe to be far more important to the life of each being than
+mere climate. Considering the infinitely various methods which living
+beings follow to obtain food by struggling with other organisms, to
+escape danger at various times of life, to have their eggs or seeds
+disseminated, &c. &c., I cannot doubt that during millions of
+generations individuals of a species will be occasionally born with some
+slight variation, profitable to some part of their economy. Such
+individuals will have a better chance of surviving, and of propagating
+their new and slightly different structure; and the modification may be
+slowly increased by the accumulative action of natural selection to any
+profitable extent. The variety thus formed will either coexist with, or,
+more commonly, will exterminate its parent form. An organic being, like
+the woodpecker or misseltoe, may thus come to be adapted to a score of
+contingences--natural selection accumulating those slight variations in
+all parts of its structure, which are in any way useful to it during any
+part of its life.
+
+5. Multiform difficulties will occur to every one, with respect to this
+theory. Many can, I think, be satisfactorily answered. _Natura non facit
+saltum_ answers some of the most obvious. The slowness of the change,
+and only a very few individuals undergoing change at any one time,
+answers others. The extreme imperfection of our geological records
+answers others.
+
+6. Another principle, which may be called the principle of divergence,
+plays, I believe, an important part in the origin of species. The same
+spot will support more life if occupied by very diverse forms. We see
+this in the many generic forms in a square yard of turf, and in the
+plants or insects on any little uniform islet, belonging almost
+invariably to as many genera and families as species. We can understand
+the meaning of this fact amongst the higher animals, whose habits we
+understand. We know that it has been experimentally shown that a plot of
+land will yield a greater weight if sown with several species and genera
+of grasses, than if sown with only two or three species. Now, every
+organic being, by propagating so rapidly, may be said to be striving its
+utmost to increase in numbers. So it will be with the offspring of any
+species after it has become diversified into varieties, or subspecies,
+or true species. And it follows, I think, from the foregoing facts, that
+the varying offspring of each species will try (only few will succeed)
+to seize on as many and as diverse places in the economy of nature as
+possible. Each new variety or species, when formed, will generally take
+the place of, and thus exterminate its less well-fitted parent. This I
+believe to be the origin of the classification and affinities of organic
+beings at all times; for organic beings always _seem_ to branch and
+sub-branch like the limbs of a tree from a common trunk, the flourishing
+and diverging twigs destroying the less vigorous--the dead and lost
+branches rudely representing extinct genera and families.
+
+This sketch is _most_ imperfect; but in so short a space I cannot make
+it better. Your imagination must fill up very wide blanks.
+
+C. DARWIN.
+
+
+III. _On the Tendency of Varieties to depart indefinitely from the
+Original Type._ By ALFRED RUSSELL WALLACE.
+
+One of the strongest arguments which have been adduced to prove the
+original and permanent distinctness of species is, that _varieties_
+produced in a state of domesticity are more or less unstable, and often
+have a tendency, if left to themselves, to return to the normal form of
+the parent species; and this instability is considered to be a
+distinctive peculiarity of all varieties, even of those occurring among
+wild animals in a state of nature, and to constitute a provision for
+preserving unchanged the originally created distinct species.
+
+In the absence or scarcity of facts and observations as to _varieties_
+occurring among wild animals, this argument has had great weight with
+naturalists, and has led to a very general and somewhat prejudiced
+belief in the stability of species. Equally general, however, is the
+belief in what are called "permanent or true varieties,"--races of
+animals which continually propagate their like, but which differ so
+slightly (although constantly) from some other race, that the one is
+considered to be a _variety_ of the other. Which is the _variety_ and
+which the original _species_, there is generally no means of
+determining, except in those rare cases in which the one race has been
+known to produce an offspring unlike itself and resembling the other.
+This, however, would seem quite incompatible with the "permanent
+invariability of species," but the difficulty is overcome by assuming
+that such varieties have strict limits, and can never again vary further
+from the original type, although they may return to it, which, from the
+analogy of the domesticated animals, is considered to be highly
+probable, if not certainly proved.
+
+It will be observed that this argument rests entirely on the assumption,
+that _varieties_ occurring in a state of nature are in all respects
+analogous to or even identical with those of domestic animals, and are
+governed by the same laws as regards their permanence or further
+variation. But it is the object of the present paper to show that this
+assumption is altogether false, that there is a general principle in
+nature which will cause many _varieties_ to survive the parent species,
+and to give rise to successive variations departing further and further
+from the original type, and which also produces, in domesticated
+animals, the tendency of varieties to return to the parent form.
+
+The life of wild animals is a struggle for existence. The full exertion
+of all their faculties and all their energies is required to preserve
+their own existence and provide for that of their infant offspring. The
+possibility of procuring food during the least favourable seasons, and
+of escaping the attacks of their most dangerous enemies, are the primary
+conditions which determine the existence both of individuals and of
+entire species. These conditions will also determine the population of a
+species; and by a careful consideration of all the circumstances we may
+be enabled to comprehend, and in some degree to explain, what at first
+sight appears so inexplicable--the excessive abundance of some species,
+while others closely allied to them are very rare.
+
+The general proportion that must obtain between certain groups of
+animals is readily seen. Large animals cannot be so abundant as small
+ones; the carnivora must be less numerous than the herbivora; eagles and
+lions can never be so plentiful as pigeons and antelopes; the wild asses
+of the Tartarian deserts cannot equal in numbers the horses of the more
+luxuriant prairies and pampas of America. The greater or less fecundity
+of an animal is often considered to be one of the chief causes of its
+abundance or scarcity; but a consideration of the facts will show us
+that it really has little or nothing to do with the matter. Even the
+least prolific of animals would increase rapidly if unchecked, whereas
+it is evident that the animal population of the globe must be
+stationary, or perhaps, through the influence of man, decreasing.
+Fluctuations there may be; but permanent increase, except in restricted
+localities, is almost impossible. For example, our own observation must
+convince us that birds do not go on increasing every year in a
+geometrical ratio, as they would do, were there not some powerful check
+to their natural increase. Very few birds produce less than two young
+ones each year, while many have six, eight, or ten; four will certainly
+be below the average; and if we suppose that each pair produce young
+only four times in their life, that will also be below the average,
+supposing them not to die either by violence or want of food. Yet at
+this rate how tremendous would be the increase in a few years from a
+single pair! A simple calculation will show that in fifteen years each
+pair of birds would have increased to nearly ten millions! whereas we
+have no reason to believe that the number of the birds of any country
+increases at all in fifteen or in one hundred and fifty years. With such
+powers of increase the population must have reached its limits, and have
+become stationary, in a very low years after the origin of each species.
+It is evident, therefore, that each year an immense number of birds must
+perish--as many in fact as are born; and as on the lowest calculation
+the progeny are each year twice as numerous as their parents, it follows
+that, whatever be the average number of individuals existing in any
+given country, _twice that number must perish annually_,--a striking
+result, but one which seems at least highly probable, and is perhaps
+under rather than over the truth. It would therefore appear that, as far
+as the continuance of the species and the keeping up the average number
+of individuals are concerned, large broods are superfluous. On the
+average all above _one_ become food for hawks and kites, wild cats and
+weasels, or perish of cold and hunger as winter comes on. This is
+strikingly proved by the case of particular species; for we find that
+their abundance in individuals bears no relation whatever to their
+fertility in producing offspring. Perhaps the most remarkable instance
+of an immense bird population is that of the passenger pigeon of the
+United States, which lays only one, or at most two eggs, and is said to
+rear generally but one young one. Why is this bird so extraordinarily
+abundant, while others producing two or three times as many young are
+much less plentiful? The explanation is not difficult. The food most
+congenial to this species, and on which it thrives best, is abundantly
+distributed over a very extensive region, offering such differences of
+soil and climate, that in one part or another of the area the supply
+never fails. The bird is capable of a very rapid and long-continued
+flight, so that it can pass without fatigue over the whole of the
+district it inhabits, and as soon as the supply of food begins to fail
+in one place is able to discover a fresh feeding-ground. This example
+strikingly shows us that the procuring a constant supply of wholesome
+food is almost the sole condition requisite for ensuring the rapid
+increase of a given species, since neither the limited fecundity, nor
+the unrestrained attacks of birds of prey and of man are here sufficient
+to check it. In no other birds are these peculiar circumstances so
+strikingly combined. Either their food is more liable to failure, or
+they have not sufficient power of wing to search for it over an
+extensive area, or during some season of the year it becomes very
+scarce, and less wholesome substitutes have to be found; and thus,
+though more fertile in offspring, they can never increase beyond the
+supply of food in the least favourable seasons. Many birds can only
+exist by migrating, when their food becomes scarce, to regions
+possessing a milder, or at least a different climate, though, as these
+migrating birds are seldom excessively abundant, it is evident that the
+countries they visit are still deficient in a constant and abundant
+supply of wholesome food. Those whose organization does not permit them
+to migrate when their food becomes periodically scarce, can never attain
+a large population. This is probably the reason why woodpeckers are
+scarce with us, while in the tropics they are among the most abundant of
+solitary birds. Thus the house sparrow is more abundant than the
+redbreast, because its food is more constant and plentiful,--seeds of
+grasses being preserved during the winter, and our farm-yards and
+stubble-fields furnishing an almost inexhaustible supply. Why, as a
+general rule, are aquatic, and especially sea birds, very numerous in
+individuals? Not because they are more prolific than others, generally
+the contrary; but because their food never fails, the sea-shores and
+river-banks daily swarming with a fresh supply of small mollusca and
+crustacea. Exactly the same laws will apply to mammals. Wild cats are
+prolific and have few enemies; why then are they never as abundant as
+rabbits? The only intelligible answer is, that their supply of food is
+more precarious. It appears evident, therefore, that so long as a
+country remains physically unchanged, the numbers of its animal
+population cannot materially increase. If one species does so, some
+others requiring the same kind of food must diminish in proportion. The
+numbers that die annually must be immense; and as the individual
+existence of each animal depends upon itself, those that die must be the
+weakest--the very young, the aged, and the diseased,--while those that
+prolong their existence can only be the most perfect in health and
+vigour--those who are best able to obtain food regularly, and avoid
+their numerous enemies. It is, as we commenced by remarking, "a struggle
+for existence," in which the weakest and least perfectly organized must
+always succumb.
+
+Now it is clear that what takes place among the individuals of a species
+must also occur among the several allied species of a group,--viz. that
+those which are best adapted to obtain a regular supply of food, and to
+defend themselves against the attacks of their enemies and the
+vicissitudes of the seasons, must necessarily obtain and preserve a
+superiority in population; while those species which from some defect of
+power or organization are the least capable of counteracting the
+vicissitudes of food, supply, &c., must diminish in numbers, and, in
+extreme cases, become altogether extinct. Between these extremes the
+species will present various degrees of capacity for ensuring the means
+of preserving life; and it is thus we account for the abundance or
+rarity of species. Our ignorance will generally prevent us from
+accurately tracing the effects to their causes; but could we become
+perfectly acquainted with the organization and habits of the various
+species of animals, and could we measure the capacity of each for
+performing the different acts necessary to its safety and existence
+under all the varying circumstances by which it is surrounded, we might
+be able even to calculate the proportionate abundance of individuals
+which is the necessary result.
+
+If now we have succeeded in establishing these two points--1st, _that
+the animal population of a country is generally stationary, being kept
+down by a periodical deficiency of food, and other checks_; and, 2nd,
+_that the comparative abundance or scarcity of the individuals of the
+several species is entirely due to their organization and resulting
+habits, which, rendering it more difficult to procure a regular supply
+of food and to provide for their personal safety in some cases than in
+others, can only be balanced by a difference in the population which
+have to exist in a given area_--we shall be in a condition to proceed to
+the consideration of _varieties_, to which the preceding remarks have a
+direct and very important application.
+
+Most or perhaps all the variations from the typical form of a species
+must have some definite effect, however slight, on the habits or
+capacities of the individuals. Even a change of colour might, by
+rendering them more or less distinguishable, affect their safety; a
+greater or less development of hair might modify their habits. More
+important changes, such as an increase in the power or dimensions of the
+limbs or any of the external organs, would more or less affect their
+mode of procuring food or the range of country which they inhabit. It
+is also evident that most changes would affect, either favourably or
+adversely, the powers of prolonging existence. An antelope with shorter
+or weaker legs must necessarily suffer more from the attacks of the
+feline carnivora; the passenger pigeon with less powerful wings would
+sooner or later be affected in its powers of procuring a regular supply
+of food; and in both cases the result must necessarily be a diminution
+of the population of the modified species. If, on the other hand, any
+species should produce a variety having slightly increased powers of
+preserving existence, that variety must inevitably in time acquire a
+superiority in numbers. These results must follow as surely as old age,
+intemperance, or scarcity of food produce an increased mortality. In
+both cases there may be many individual exceptions; but on the average
+the rule will invariably be found to hold good. All varieties will
+therefore fall into two classes--those which under the same conditions
+would never reach the population of the parent species, and those which
+would in time obtain and keep a numerical superiority. Now, let some
+alteration of physical conditions occur in the district--a long period
+of drought, a destruction of vegetation by locusts, the irruption of
+some new carnivorous animal seeking "pastures new"--any change in fact
+tending to render existence more difficult to the species in question,
+and tasking its utmost powers to avoid complete extermination; it is
+evident that, of all the individuals composing the species, those
+forming the least numerous and most feebly organized variety would
+suffer first, and, were the pressure severe, must soon become extinct.
+The same causes continuing in action, the parent species would next
+suffer, would gradually diminish in numbers, and with a recurrence of
+similar unfavourable conditions might also become extinct. The superior
+variety would then alone remain, and on a return to favourable
+circumstances would rapidly increase in numbers and occupy the place of
+the extinct species and variety.
+
+The _variety_ would now have replaced the _species_, of which it would
+be a more perfectly developed and more highly organized form. It would
+be in all respects better adapted to secure its safety, and to prolong
+its individual existence and that of the race. Such a variety _could
+not_ return to the original form; for that form is an inferior one, and
+could never compete with it for existence. Granted, therefore, a
+"tendency" to reproduce the original type of the species, still the
+variety must ever remain preponderant in numbers, and under adverse
+physical conditions _again alone survive_. But this new, improved, and
+populous race might itself, in course of time, give rise to new
+varieties, exhibiting several diverging modifications of form, any of
+which, tending to increase the facilities for preserving existence,
+must, by the same general law, in their turn become predominant. Here,
+then, we have _progression and continued divergence_ deduced from the
+general laws which regulate the existence of animals in a state of
+nature, and from the undisputed fact that varieties do frequently occur.
+It is not, however, contended that this result would be invariable; a
+change of physical conditions in the district might at times materially
+modify it, rendering the race which had been the most capable of
+supporting existence under the former conditions now the least so, and
+even causing the extinction of the newer and, for a time, superior race,
+while the old or parent species and its first inferior varieties
+continued to flourish. Variations in unimportant parts might also occur,
+having no perceptible effect on the life-preserving powers; and the
+varieties so furnished might run a course parallel with the parent
+species, either giving rise to further variations or returning to the
+former type. All we argue for is, that certain varieties have a tendency
+to maintain their existence longer than the original species, and this
+tendency must make itself felt; for though the doctrine of chances or
+averages can never be trusted to on a limited scale, yet, if applied to
+high numbers, the results come nearer to what theory demands, and, as we
+approach to an infinity of examples, become strictly accurate. Now the
+scale on which nature works is so vast--the numbers of individuals and
+periods of time with which she deals approach so near to infinity, that
+any cause, however slight, and however liable to be veiled and
+counteracted by accidental circumstances, must in the end produce its
+full legitimate results.
+
+Let us now turn to domesticated animals, and inquire how varieties
+produced among them are affected by the principles here enunciated. The
+essential difference in the condition of wild and domestic animals is
+this,--that among the former, their well-being and very existence depend
+upon the full exercise and healthy condition of all their senses and
+physical powers, whereas, among the latter, these are only partially
+exercised, and in some cases are absolutely unused. A wild animal has to
+search, and often to labour, for every mouthful of food--to exercise
+sight, hearing, and smell in seeking it, and in avoiding dangers, in
+procuring shelter from the inclemency of the seasons, and in providing
+for the subsistence and safety of its offspring. There is no muscle of
+its body that is not called into daily and hourly activity; there is no
+sense or faculty that is not strengthened by continual exercise. The
+domestic animal, on the other hand, has food provided for it, is
+sheltered, and often confined, to guard it against the vicissitudes of
+the seasons, is carefully secured from the attacks of its natural
+enemies, and seldom even rears its young without human assistance. Half
+of its senses and faculties are quite useless; and the other half are
+but occasionally called into feeble exercise, while even its muscular
+system is only irregularly called into action.
+
+Now when a variety of such an animal occurs, having increased power or
+capacity in any organ or sense, such increase is totally useless, is
+never called into action, and may even exist without the animal ever
+becoming aware of it. In the wild animal, on the contrary, all its
+faculties and powers being brought into full action for the necessities
+of existence, any increase becomes immediately available, is
+strengthened by exercise, and must even slightly modify the food, the
+habits, and the whole economy of the race. It creates as it were a new
+animal, one of superior powers, and which will necessarily increase in
+numbers and outlive those inferior to it.
+
+Again, in the domesticated animal all variations have an equal chance of
+continuance; and those which would decidedly render a wild animal unable
+to compete with its fellows and continue its existence are no
+disadvantage whatever in a state of domesticity. Our quickly fattening
+pigs, short-legged sheep, pouter pigeons, and poodle dogs could never
+have come into existence in a state of nature, because the very first
+step towards such inferior forms would have led to the rapid extinction
+of the race; still less could they now exist in competition with their
+wild allies. The great speed but slight endurance of the race horse, the
+unwieldy strength of the ploughman's team, would both be useless in a
+state of nature. If turned wild on the pampas, such animals would
+probably soon become extinct, or under favourable circumstances might
+each lose those extreme qualities which would never be called into
+action, and in a few generations would revert to a common type, which
+must be that in which the various powers and faculties are so
+proportioned to each other as to be best adapted to procure food and
+secure safety,--that in which by the full exercise of every part of his
+organization the animal can alone continue to live. Domestic varieties,
+when turned wild, _must_ return to something near the type of the
+original wild stock, _or become altogether extinct_.
+
+We see, then, that no inferences as to varieties in a state of nature
+can be deduced from the observation of those occurring among domestic
+animals. The two are so much opposed to each other in every circumstance
+of their existence, that what applies to the one is almost sure not to
+apply to the other. Domestic animals are abnormal, irregular,
+artificial; they are subject to varieties which never occur and never
+can occur in a state of nature: their very existence depends altogether
+on human care; so far are many of them removed from that just proportion
+of faculties, that true balance of organization, by means of which alone
+an animal left to its own resources can preserve its existence and
+continue its race.
+
+The hypothesis of Lamarck--that progressive changes in species have been
+produced by the attempts of animals to increase the development of their
+own organs, and thus modify their structure and habits--has been
+repeatedly and easily refuted by all writers on the subject of varieties
+and species, and it seems to have been considered that when this was
+done the whole question has been finally settled; but the view here
+developed renders such an hypothesis quite unnecessary, by showing that
+similar results must be produced by the action of principles constantly
+at work in nature. The powerful retractile talons of the falcon- and the
+cat-tribes have not been produced or increased by the volition of those
+animals; but among the different varieties which occurred in the earlier
+and less highly organized forms of these groups, _those always survived
+longest which had the greatest facilities for seizing their prey_.
+Neither did the giraffe acquire its long neck by desiring to reach the
+foliage of the more lofty shrubs, and constantly stretching its neck for
+the purpose, but because any varieties which occurred among its
+antitypes with a longer neck than usual _at once secured a fresh range
+of pasture over the same ground as their shorter-necked companions, and
+on the first scarcity of food were thereby enabled to outlive them_.
+Even the peculiar colours of many animals, especially insects, so
+closely resembling the soil or the leaves or the trunks on which they
+habitually reside, are explained on the same principle; for though in
+the course of ages varieties of many tints may have occurred, _yet those
+races having colours best adapted to concealment from their enemies
+would inevitably survive the longest_. We have also here an acting cause
+to account for that balance so often observed in nature,--a deficiency
+in one set of organs always being compensated by an increased
+development of some others--powerful wings accompanying weak feet, or
+great velocity making up for the absence of defensive weapons; for it
+has been shown that all varieties in which an unbalanced deficiency
+occurred could not long continue their existence. The action of this
+principle is exactly like that of the centrifugal governor of the steam
+engine, which checks and corrects any irregularities almost before they
+become evident; and in like manner no unbalanced deficiency in the
+animal kingdom can ever reach any conspicuous magnitude, because it
+would make itself felt at the very first step, by rendering existence
+difficult and extinction almost sure soon to follow. An origin such as
+is here advocated will also agree with the peculiar character of the
+modifications of form and structure which obtain in organized
+beings--the many lines of divergence from a central type, the increasing
+efficiency and power of a particular organ through a succession of
+allied species, and the remarkable persistence of unimportant parts such
+as colour, texture of plumage and hair, form of horns or crests, through
+a series of species differing considerably in more essential characters.
+It also furnishes us with a reason for that "more specialized structure"
+which Professor Owen states to be a characteristic of recent compared
+with extinct forms, and which would evidently be the result of the
+progressive modification of any organ applied to a special purpose in
+the animal economy.
+
+We believe we have now shown that there is a tendency in nature to the
+continued progression of certain classes of _varieties_ further and
+further from the original type--a progression to which there appears no
+reason to assign any definite limits--and that the same principle which
+produces this result in a state of nature will also explain why domestic
+varieties have a tendency to revert to the original type. This
+progression, by minute steps, in various directions, but always checked
+and balanced by the necessary conditions, subject to which alone
+existence can be preserved, may, it is believed, be followed out so as
+to agree with all the phenomena presented by organized beings, their
+extinction and succession in past ages, and all the extraordinary
+modifications of form, instinct, and habits which they exhibit.
+
+Ternate, February, 1858.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] This MS. work was never intended for publication, and therefore was
+not written with care.--C. D. 1858.
+
+[B] I can see no more difficulty in this, than in the planter improving
+his varieties of the cotton plant.--C. D. 1858.
+
+
+
+
+Contributions to the Anatomy and Natural History of the Cetacea. By R.
+KNOX, Esq., M.D., F.R.S.E. Communicated by the Secretary.
+
+[Received Oct. 6, 1857.]
+
+
+Part I. THE DOLPHINS.
+
+The dissection of the Cetacea, and more especially of the larger kinds,
+is attended with great difficulty, and not unfrequently entails heavy
+expenses on those who attempt it. For these reasons I have thought that
+zoologists might be pleased to have, even now, submitted to them the
+results of numerous dissections made many years ago, when, not stinted
+in means, and having the aid of excellent assistants, I attempted the
+dissection even of the gigantic Arctic Rorqual, the largest, perhaps, of
+all living beings. Certain of the details have been from time to time
+laid before the public, but in an extremely scattered and incomplete
+form, and without the illustrations (artistic), which explain so much
+better than any verbal description. The greater part is still before me
+in manuscript. It is my intention in the following contributions to
+endeavour to connect them together, adding to those already published
+many facts I find in MSS. The original drawings, made by my brother and
+by Messrs. Edward Forbes and Henry Goodsir (who were at that time my
+students and assistants), are still in my possession.
+
+_Determination of Species._--The determination of species as regards the
+_Cetacea_ is one of much difficulty; Cuvier met this difficulty by an
+appeal to anatomy. The number of vertebrę composing the vertebral column
+(exclusive of the cephalic) seemed to me a tolerably secure guide in the
+determination of species,--being aware, however, that some doubted the
+method, believing that the number of the vertebrę might vary, first,
+with the individual, secondly with the age of the specimen. I still
+continue to be of my original opinion, that the number of vertebrę
+comprising the vertebral column, properly so called, may safely be
+trusted in determining the species of the Cetacea; and with this view I
+drew up the following Table, excepting from it the genus _Dugong_, which
+I have never considered to be a Cetacean:--
+
+_Tabular View of the Number of the Vertebrę in certain Cetacea._
+
+(Cephalic vertebrę excluded.)
+
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+|                              Authorities.                         |
+|                 ---------------------------------------------------
+|  SPECIES.       |  CUVIER. RUDOLPHI.   KNOX. J. HUNTER.   HUNTER  |
+|                 |                                       (Glasgow.)|
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|1. MYSTICETUS.   |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Skeleton of the  |         |         |        |        |           |
+|foetus (the      |         |         |        |        |           |
+|cervical reckoned|         |         |        |        |           |
+|as 7) of the     |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_Mysticetus_     |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_borealis_,      |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Greenland        |         |         |   48   |        |           |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Adult            |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_Mysticetus_,    |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Whale of         |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Commerce.        | unknown |         |        |        |           |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_B. Mysticetus_  |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_australis_, True|         |         |        |        |           |
+|Whale of the Cape|         |         |        |        |           |
+|Seas             |   59    |         |        |        |           |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|2. BALĘNOPTERA.  |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Gigantic Northern|         |         |        |        |           |
+|Rorqual          |         |         |   65   |        |           |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Specimen of      |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Rorqual described|         |         |        |        |           |
+|by Rudolphi      |         |   54    |        |        |           |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_B. rostrata_ of |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Fabricius; on the|         |         |        |        |           |
+|authority of Van |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Beneden: A.      |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Rorqual          |         |         |        |        |    48     |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Great Whale at   |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Antwerp. Van     |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Beneden. Species |         |         |        |        |           |
+|not stated       |         |         |        |        | 61 or 62. |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|The lesser       |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Rorqual of the   |         |         |        |        |           |
+|North            |         |         |   48   |   46   |    46     |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Great Rorqual of |         |         |        |        |           |
+|the Cape         |   52    |         |        |        |           |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|3. PHYSETER.     |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Sperm Whale or   |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Cachalot         |   60    |         |        |        |           |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|4. DELPHINUS.    |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_D. Delphis_     |   67    |         |        |        |           |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_D. Delphis._ In |         |         |        |        |           |
+|my museum        |         |         |   81   |        |           |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_D. Delphis._ In |         |         |        |        |           |
+|the Museum of Dr.|         |         |        |        |           |
+|R. Hunter,       |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Glasgow          |         |         |        |        |    90     |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_D. Delphis._    |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Dissected by John|         |         |        |        |           |
+|Hunter           |         |         |        |   60   |           |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_D. Phocęna_     |   66    |         |   65   |   51   |           |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_D. Ebsenii._ Van|         |         |        |        |           |
+|Beneden          |         |         |        |        |    90     |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+In a late number of the 'Bulletins of the Royal Academy of Brussels' I
+find some valuable remarks in respect of these points by M. Van Beneden.
+He praises, and deservedly, no doubt, the exertions of M. Eschricht to
+collect a proper Museum of the Cetacea. It appears, according to M.
+Eschricht, that at no age whatever do we find in true whales (meaning, I
+presume, the _Mysticetus borealis_ and _australis_) any distinct
+vertebrę in the cervical region as in other mammals. A fusion of all
+into one bone or cartilage seems to take place even in the youngest
+foetus. In the foetus examined by me of this species (a specimen removed
+from the uterus of a true _Mysticetus_ killed in the Greenland seas), I
+do not recollect the precise appearance of the cervical vertebrę; but
+the skeleton is in existence, and shall be referred to. To the skeleton
+of the Rorqual now in the Museum at Antwerp, and which seems to me of
+the same species as the one I dissected in Scotland (and of which the
+skeleton, prepared with infinite care by my brother and myself, was
+presented by me to the Town Council of Edinburgh, and is now preserved
+in the Zoological Gardens of the same city), he gives the following
+vertebrę:--
+
+  Skeleton of the Rorqual at Antwerp--Cervical  7
+  Dorsal                                       14-15
+  Lumbar                                       15
+  Caudal                                       25[C]
+                                               --------
+  Total                                        61 or 62
+
+In the skeleton of the Great Rorqual now in the Zoological Gardens at
+Edinburgh, and originally dissected and prepared by my brother and
+myself, these vertebrę are--
+
+  Cervical             7
+  Dorsal              15
+  Lumbar and Caudal   43
+                      --
+  Total               65
+
+In that of the Lesser Rorqual I dissected in 1830, the skeleton of which
+I think is still preserved in the Museum of the University of Edinburgh,
+we found--
+
+         Vertebrę.
+  Cervical       7
+  Dorsal        11
+  Lumbar        13
+  Caudal        17
+                --
+  Total         48
+
+The specimen was that of a young animal, and of the same species, I
+believe, as the one described by Mr. Hunter and Fabricius; it is a
+distinct species, and not merely the young of the Great Rorqual.
+
+I shall return to the Dugong, as not being a Cetacean, in a future
+Section: its skeleton has been examined in a masterly way by De
+Blainville, an anatomist and observer of the highest order, since the
+time I wrote and published my Memoir on the Dugong.
+
+The first great step in the anatomy of the Cetacea is unquestionably due
+to Cuvier; but his dissections were almost confined to the genus
+_Delphinus_, or the common Porpoise of our coasts. I repeated all his
+dissections, and found them, as they almost always were, scrupulously
+exact; but when I came to examine Cetacea with whalebone instead of
+teeth, I was surprised to find how different, in fact, the anatomy of
+the two great families was. Scarcely in any great natural family do we
+find Cuvier's favourite theory of anatomical and physiological
+co-relations so entirely at fault as in the Cetacea. The teeth or
+whalebone, as natural-history characters, lead to no results; the whole
+structure of the interior defies all _ą-priori_ reasoning. The brain in
+whalebone-whales does not fill the interior of the cranium; so that the
+capacity of the one is no measure of the solid bulk of the other. Their
+food is various, having no relation to the teeth or buccal appendages;
+vascular structures surround the spinal marrow, and extend in the
+_Balęnopterę_ into the cavity of the cranium, which seem to be without
+any analogy in other mammals, or, at the least, a very obscure one, and
+whose functions are wholly unknown.
+
+Cetacea might with some propriety be divided into whales with whalebone,
+and whales with teeth. Those with whalebone have rudimentary teeth in
+both jaws in the foetal state. Fossil Cetacea exist, and they seem to
+have been of both kinds, but, no doubt, were generically and
+specifically distinct from the recent. Judging from the remains of those
+I have seen, I am inclined to think that those with teeth were of a
+stronger and firmer build in the skeleton than those called recent; that
+the neck was longer, and the caudal portion of the column shorter than
+in the recent kinds, and that they approached the Saurians in form.
+There is a remarkable want of symmetry in the crania of some of the
+Cetacea; but most remarkable is the cranium of the Narwhal. Of this fact
+I have already spoken, in the article published in the Transactions of
+the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
+
+_Delphinus Phocęna. Dissection of a small Cetacean sent to me from
+Orkney in the month of May 1835._--This species is said to abound on the
+coasts, and to furnish a kind of fishery to the inhabitants. On
+dissection we found 81 vertebrę, exclusive of the cephalic. The species
+must be quite distinct from those previously and subsequently examined
+by myself and many others, in which the number of vertebrę ranged from
+61 to 66. It is also, I think, distinct from the specimen I saw in Dr.
+R. Hunter's Museum in Glasgow, in which the number of vertebrę was 90,
+exclusive of the cephalic in all the cases. Thus it stands with regard
+to the Cetacea called Porpoises and Dolphins.
+
+In certain species of _Delphinus_ the vertical column is composed of 61
+vertebrę, in others of 65, in others of 66, in others of 81, in others
+of 90.
+
+The specimen I now describe was, no doubt, that of a young animal; and
+the skeleton was prepared, consequently, as a natural one. This method
+has the advantage of security against the loss of any important osseous
+structures, which too frequently happens when the bones require to be
+macerated. The bones contained little oil, and weighed, head included,
+only 7-1/4 lbs.; the whole animal, when entire, weighed 14 stone, or 196
+lbs.; the skeleton therefore was about a twenty-fourth part of the whole
+weight. It was a female. The external nostrils terminated in a single
+orifice of a semilunar shape, with the concavity turned towards the
+snout. Measurements of young animals have not the importance of those of
+the adult; but I give them here because I think that the specimen,
+although young, had nearly attained its full growth:--
+
+                                                   ft.  in.
+  Total length over the dorsum                      6   5-2/8
+  Total length lateral surface                      6  11-2/8
+  Total length abdominal surface                    6  11-2/8
+  From the snout to the nostrils                    0  11-4/8
+  From the nostrils to the dorsal fin               1   6-4/8
+  Base of the dorsal fin                            0  11
+  From dorsal fin to foot of tail                   3   0-2/8
+  Breadth of pectoral limb                          0   4-4/8
+  From the snout to the organs of generation        3   9-4/8
+  Circumference anterior to the arm                 2   9
+  Circumference anterior to dorsal fin              3   2-4/8
+  Circumference posterior to dorsal fin             2  10
+  Circumference at setting on of the tail           0   8-4/8
+  Length of pectoral limb                           0  10
+  Breadth of tail                                   1   2
+  Greatest height of the dorsal fin                 0   9
+
+From the notes taken at the time, I find that my brother remarks that
+the Dolphin of Orkney differed a good deal in shape from those found in
+the Forth and seas in the South of Scotland. There were, moreover, 16
+more vertebrę than in the skeleton of the Common Porpoise of authors.
+The teeth generally weighed 2-1/2 grains each.
+
+Further, the muscles of the tongue, intrinsic as well as extrinsic, were
+extremely well developed. The isthmus faucium was 3 inches long. All
+this part was extremely glandular. A well-marked muscular gullet
+followed, composed of two layers of muscular fibres,--one circular
+internally, and one longitudinal externally. These latter sent a slip to
+the base of the arytęnoid cartilages. The mucous membrane of the gullet
+had no true epidermic covering, and in this respect differed remarkably
+from the first gastric compartment, from which a cuticular lining could
+be peeled off, as strong as that from the sole of the foot in man. The
+larynx presented that organization so well described by the illustrious
+Cuvier, and which I believe to be peculiar to the whales with teeth. It
+differs very much, as I explained long ago, in its arrangement from that
+of Whalebone Whales,--a fact of which I think Cuvier was not aware. The
+cricoid cartilage was imperfect in form; the hyo-epiglottic muscles very
+strong. The proper arytęnoid were present, and strong, but did not
+extend so high as in man; the thyro-arytęnoid muscles were very fully
+developed. In the interior of the larynx there were no projections nor
+ventricles, no cuneiform cartilages, nor cornicula laryngis. The rings
+of the trachea formed complete circles.
+
+_Stomach._--The cuticular lining is limited to the first cavity or
+compartment. It is in the second compartment that is found the curious
+glandular arrangement first, I believe, described by me in the
+'Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.' This structure is most
+probably not limited to the second compartment. There are four distinct
+compartments in the stomach of this animal. A dilated duodenum follows,
+6 inches in length. It is possible that this may have been in some
+instances mistaken for a stomach. The valvulę conniventes commence with
+the jejunum; these are longitudinal, and extend to within about 6 inches
+of the anus, terminating at a point where the intestine seems enlarged.
+The length of the intestines, large and small, was 90 feet;
+circumference generally about 2 inches. Thousands and tens of thousands
+of parasitical worms were found in the stomach, but none in the
+intestine. In the stomach also we found four mandibles of the
+cuttlefish, but no remains of anything in the intestines, and no
+parasites.
+
+_Heart and Vessels._--The heart weighed exactly one pound. The
+Eustachian valve was small, that of Thebesius imperfect. The aorta
+proceeded for about 3 inches of its course before giving off any
+branches. At a point corresponding to the 15th or 16th lumbar vertebra
+the vessel divided into the common iliacs. The _art. sacri media_, its
+continuation, continued its course protected by the V-bones, and giving
+off branches corresponding to the intervertebral spaces.
+
+_Brain and Nervous System._--The erectile tissue surrounding the spinal
+cord and origin of the spinal nerves in the Cetacea did not extend into
+the interior of the cranium. The entire encephalic mass weighed 2-1/2
+lbs.: cerebrum, 2 lbs.; cerebellum, 1/4; pons and medulla, 1/4 = 2-1/2.
+Compared with a drawing of Camper of the _Delphinus Phocęna_, the brain
+was found to differ remarkably, in being much broader in the line of the
+middle and posterior lobes. In no animal did I ever find the fibrous
+structure of the brain so well marked; and this extended to the
+cerebellum[D]. I give here some measurements of the brain, which may be
+of use to future observers. The brain is short from before backwards,
+but broad transversely:--
+
+  Antero-posterior diameter                 5-2/8  inches.
+  Breadth                                   8      inches.
+  Greatest breadth of the cerebellum        4      inches.
+  Length of the cerebellar hemisphere       4-6/8  inches.
+  Depth of ditto                            3-2/8  inches.
+  Weight of the encephalic mass             2-1/2  lbs.
+  Depth of the interhemispherical fissure   1-2/8  inches.
+  Length of the corpus callosum             1-7/8  inches.
+  Weight of cerebrum                        2    }
+  Weight of cerebellum                      0-1/4}  = 2-1/2 lbs.
+  Weight of the pons and med. oblongata     0-1/4}
+
+_Nerves._--The 7th pair was found to be unexpectedly large and firm,
+including both portions. The anterior roots of the spinal nerves were
+far more numerous than the posterior or dorsal.
+
+_Muscles._--The panniculus carnosus, strong and fleshy, extended nearly
+over the whole trunk. The recti abdominis were powerful, and attached
+inferiorly in this way:--A portion runs to the pelvic bones; a much
+stronger to a strong aponeurosis, situated between the anus and the root
+of the tail.
+
+The erector muscles of the spine (sacrolumbalis, longissimus dorsi and
+multifidus spinę) weighed fully 16 lbs. They had but slender costal
+attachments; but their spinal (small delicate tendons) were innumerable.
+The scaleni were very large; and the vessels held the same relation to
+them as in man. The serratus magnus was comparatively small. The larger
+rhomboid had no spinal attachment; the minor rhomboid seemed to be the
+larger of the two. The pectorals were comparatively small. The adipose
+tissue appeared to be wholly confined to the subcutaneous region. The
+muscles were of a deep brown colour, full of blood, with a short, dark,
+and well-flavoured fibre: when cooked, they had a strong resemblance in
+flavour and taste to the flesh of the hare.
+
+
+Part II. THE BALĘNA WHALES, OR WHALES WITH WHALEBONE.
+
+In February 1834 a young whale of the family of Balęna Whales was caught
+near the Queensferry, in the Firth of Forth. One much larger had been
+seen some time before, but escaped. I purchased it for dissection,
+although I was aware that it was impossible for me, during the hurry of
+the winter session, to devote much time to it. But I had able assistants
+(Mr. Henry Goodsir, Mr. Edward Forbes, and my brother), from whom I
+expected a good deal of aid. Some very beautiful drawings of this whale,
+made for me by Mr. Edward Forbes and by my brother, are still in my
+possession.
+
+It was easy to see, by the dorsal fin and by the numerous plaits or
+folds on the abdominal surface of the throat and chest, before any
+dissection, that the specimen was a young Balęnopterous whale, differing
+in a great many points from the true whale or _Mysticetus_: for, 1st,
+the form of the head was entirely different; 2nd, it had a dorsal fin;
+and, 3rd, occupying the lower surface of the throat and thorax were
+numerous folds of the integuments. To this class of whales I have been
+in the habit of giving the name of Rorqual, to distinguish them from the
+other class of Whalebone Whales, the _Mysticetus_ both _borealis_ and
+_australis_.
+
+It appears from my notes, that at that time M. G. Cuvier considered the
+species I now describe as identical with the Great Rorqual I had
+described about two years previously; but I felt convinced then, as now,
+that they form distinct species, and in this opinion some continental
+anatomists seem to coincide.
+
+Being persuaded that there was some inaccuracy in former drawings of the
+species, I had the specimen suspended and drawn with great care by Mr.
+Edward Forbes. This position explained the mechanism of the mouth,
+showing its great size, even in the short Balęna Whales; its great
+capacity in the _Mysticetus_ had never been doubted.
+
+As to the species, the conclusion I arrived at was, that the specimen
+belonged to that termed by Fabricius _rostrata_, and that individuals of
+the species had been seen by John Hunter, Sir James Watson, and
+Fabricius.
+
+  _Measurements._                                       ft.  in.
+
+  Total length of the specimen                                9  11
+  Circumference immediately behind the pectoral extremities   5   2
+  Circumference where the folds or rugę terminated            4   8-1/4
+  Ditto of the tail at its origin                             1   5-1/2
+  Length from the back fin to the setting on of the tail      2  10
+  Length from the snout to the ear                            3   0
+  Length from snout to nostrils                               1   4
+  Length of lower jaw                                         2   3
+  Length of arm; inner side                                   1   3
+  Length from the angle of the mouth to the arm               1   3
+  Length from snout to arm                                    2   9
+  Length of tail in depth                                     0  11
+  Length of back fin at the base                              0   8
+  Height of back fin                                          0   8-1/2
+  From top to tip of tail                                     2   8-1/2
+  Stomach:--1st compartment, in length                        1   2
+            2nd compartment, in length                        1   4
+            3rd compartment, in length                        0   8
+            4th compartment, in length                        0   7
+            5th compartment, in length                        0   3
+  Spleen weighed 4 ounces; its length  was                    0   5
+  Liver, 9 lbs.
+  Small intestines, length                                   20   0
+  Large intestines, length                                    2   4
+  Kidney, weight 2-1/4 lbs.
+  Brain (including 2 inches of spinal marrow), 3-1/2 lbs.
+  Cerebellum, pons, and 2 inches of spinal marrow, 3/4 lb.
+  Great hemisphere of the brain measured 3 inches in
+    length, in breadth, 6-1/2; at the base, 8 inches.
+  Tuber annulare                                              0   1-2/8
+  Olfactory nerves, in length                                 0   1-1/2
+  Ditto, breadth                                              0   2-1/2
+  Skeleton:--Length of cranium                                2  11
+             Greatest breadth between the orbits              1   3
+             Length of vertebral column                       7   8
+
+When we compare the skeleton of this Rorqual with the Gigantic Rorqual I
+also dissected, we find as follows:--
+
+                       _R. giganteus._   _R. minor._
+
+  Cervical         vertebrę  7          vertebrę  7
+  Dorsal                    15                   11
+  Lumbar, sacral, caudal    43                   30
+                            --                   --
+                            65                   48
+
+These differences must be specific.
+
+At the extremity of the snout in either jaw there were 8 strong
+bristles, being the only vestiges of hair found on the external surface.
+The mouth was of great size; the tongue large and tolerably free, and of
+a pale rose or vermilion colour. The baleen, where deepest, measured
+about 4 inches; there were 370 plates on each side; but anteriorly and
+posteriorly these plates were reduced to mere bristles.
+
+The isthmus faucium allowed the closed hand to pass through it; through
+this isthmus I do not believe that any water ever passes into the
+pharynx, unless it be accidentally, as in man. The "spout" of the
+Whalebone Whale is composed, no doubt, of the pulmonary vapour, and not
+of any water received into the pharynx from the mouth.
+
+The stomach seemed composed of five compartments externally, but
+presented only four when laid open, the fifth being manifestly the
+duodenum. In the intestines no remains of food were found, but abundance
+of intestinal worms, and a substance strongly resembling the human
+meconium. There was an ilio-cęcal valve as distinct as in man. In the
+rectum the folds of the mucous membrane were transverse.
+
+_Organs of Respiration_.--The external nostrils were double; and the
+cavities of the nostrils provided with the remarkable cartilages and
+muscular apparatus I discovered and described in the anatomy of the
+Great Rorqual. In this specimen they were about 4 inches in length, but
+of as many feet in the large Rorqual. The mode of breathing in the
+Rorquals does not differ much from that in man, with the exception of
+the apparatus of the protruding cartilages, which in man are
+rudimentary.
+
+The _Olfactory Nerves_ were quite as large as in other mammals; and in
+this respect the Balęna Whales are quite unlike the Dolphins[E].
+
+The trachea communicated, near its upper part, with a sac or pouch; the
+lungs were each composed of a single lobe. The rings of the trachea were
+mostly deficient anteriorly. In the heart the foetal arrangements had
+wholly disappeared. The dura mater seemed divisible into three layers,
+the external being vascular. A remarkable vascular substance connected
+with this layer covers the back part of the brain and cerebellum,
+extending into the spinal canal, and even into the chest. At the base of
+the brain the vascular plexus was about 2 inches in thickness. It is, as
+is well known, a sort of erectile tissue, of whose functions we are
+wholly ignorant. It is not confined to this course, but extends to the
+neck, and, passing through the foramina intervertebralia, fills the
+intercostal spaces exterior to the pleura.
+
+There was evidently a canal in the centre of the spinal marrow. Wherever
+the nerves of the lungs and stomach were traced, they terminated in
+loops. We did not observe in the Great Rorqual any tracheal pouch like
+that in the smaller; but it may have escaped notice: if absent in the
+Great Rorqual, it would be another proof of the distinctness of the
+species.
+
+The doubts raised by M. St. Hilaire, as to the Whale being a mammal in
+the true sense of the term, were set aside long ago by an appeal to
+facts. The young of the Whale tribe suckle like the young of all
+mammals; nevertheless I showed, in 1834, that the lactiferous glands in
+the _Balęnopterę_ differ in structure from the same organs in most
+mammals.
+
+I do not find in my notes anything to add to the description of the
+Great Rorqual already published in the 'Transactions of the Royal
+Society of Edinburgh' for 1827, to which I beg leave to refer the
+reader.
+
+A single remark must be added regarding the nature of the vascular
+plexus which, in the Cetacea, surrounds the spinal marrow, and extends
+into the chest. On selecting the artery which seemed to form the plexus,
+which was, if I rightly recollect, in this instance an intercostal
+artery, and dissecting it under water, I found, to my surprise, that the
+artery, so long as I followed it, never gave off any branches, but
+continued of the same calibre throughout, making innumerable
+flexuosities or turnings. Thus, on a plexiform mass of this kind being
+cut across, the first impression is, that a great number of arterial
+branches or arteries have been divided, whilst in fact the entire plexus
+seems to be formed of one artery.
+
+As was to be expected of animals so much withdrawn from human
+observation, there is but little to say on the natural history of the
+Cetacea properly so called. Their food, no doubt, is various, and seems
+to have little or no relation to the character of their dentition. The
+enormous Cachalot, with its vast teeth implanted only in one jaw, is
+generally understood to prey chiefly on the Cuttlefish. The food of the
+true Whale, or _Mysticetus_, is well known to be the Clio and other
+smaller Mollusca, with which certain regions of the ocean abound; the
+same, or similar, is probably the food of the more active and restless
+Rorquals, found in both hemispheres. The Dolphins, or Toothed Whales,
+generally prey, no doubt, on fishes of various kinds; yet, even as
+regards these, it has been proved by my esteemed friend, the late Mr.
+Henry Goodsir, that some of the largest, following in the wake of the
+herring shoals, prey not on these, but on the various microscopic food
+(the Entomostraca and other marine animals) which I was the first to
+prove to be the natural food of many excellent gregarious freshwater
+fish, as the Vendace, Early Loch Leven Trout, the Brown Trout of the
+Highland and Scottish lakes generally, and of the Herring itself[F]. It
+is scarcely necessary to add, that the complex apparatus connected with
+the exterior nostrils of the Dolphins is wholly wanting in the Balęna
+Whales,--a fact of which M. Cuvier was not aware when he wrote his
+celebrated Treatise on Comparative Anatomy.
+
+_Appendix_.--Since writing the above, I have received an answer to a
+letter I addressed to my friend, John Goodsir, Esq., Professor of
+Anatomy in the University of Edinburgh. The request contained in my
+letter to Mr. Goodsir was, to examine for me the skeleton of a foetal
+_Mysticetus_ now in the University Museum. The foetus from which this
+skeleton was prepared was removed from the uterus of the mother, killed
+in the North Seas by the seamen of a whaling ship, by one of my former
+students, Mr. R. Auld, who presented the specimen to me. The point at
+issue was the composition of the cervical vertebrę in the true or
+Greenland Whale, the _Balęna Mysticetus_. M. Van Beneden, to whose
+memoir I have referred in the commencement of this, says, on the
+authority of Eschricht, that at no age whatever do we find in true
+Whales (meaning, I presume, the _Mysticetus borealis_ and _australis_)
+any distinct vertebrę in the cervical region, as in other mammals. A
+fusion of all into one bone or cartilage seems to take place even in the
+youngest foetus. Now, I had enjoyed the rare opportunity of dissecting
+the foetus of the _Mysticetus_, and I knew that the skeleton, prepared
+with the greatest care, was still preserved in the Museum of the
+University of Edinburgh. I wrote to Mr. Goodsir to re-examine this point
+for me, for I did not find in my notes any confirmation of the
+observations of Eschricht. Mr. Goodsir's reply to my note is as
+follows:--
+
+                                             "University, Edinburgh,
+                                                 Sept. 30, 1857.
+
+"MY DEAR SIR,
+
+"In the skeleton of the foetal _Mysticetus_ now in the University
+Museum, the bodies of the axis and atlas have shrivelled up together,
+having evidently consisted of cartilage only; but the bodies of the five
+posterior cervical vertebrę are beautifully distinct, having well-formed
+osseous centres, which give them more of the configuration of the
+succeeding vertebral bodies than they present in their compressed form
+in the adult.
+
+"The neural arches in the cervical region of this skeleton are five in
+number; the two anterior, which are distinctly those of the atlas and
+axis, have an osseous nodule on each side, where the transverse
+processes pass off. The third arch belongs to the third vertebra, the
+fourth and fifth to the sixth and seventh. These three arches are
+cartilaginous, and present no osseous centres. It is impossible to
+determine from the preparation whether the arches of the fourth and
+fifth vertebrę had been cut away in dissecting the parts, or whether
+they have shrivelled up in drying; but as the skeleton was very
+carefully prepared, and as these two arches are deficient (at least
+laterally) in the adult _Mysticetus_, I presume that the cartilaginous
+matrices were at least extremely delicate in the foetus.
+
+"I believe I have stated all the facts, afforded by this skeleton, which
+bear upon your questions. They appear to me to afford no support to the
+views to which they refer.
+
+                                            "Yours very sincerely,
+                                          (Signed)        "JOHN GOODSIR."
+
+The conclusion I arrived at is this,--that the actual number of cervical
+vertebrę in the _Mysticetus_ is, as in most other mammals, seven, and
+that, notwithstanding their earlier fusion, they are originally quite
+distinct.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[C] It is stated that some of the last of these are of wood. The
+skeleton in Edinburgh is perfect.
+
+[D] "The substance of the brain is more visibly fibrous than I ever saw
+it in any other animal, the fibres passing from the ventricles as from a
+centre to the circumference, which fibrous texture is also continued
+through the cortical substance."--HUNTER, "On Whales," 'Animal Economy,'
+Palmer's edit. p. 373.
+
+[E] In his paper "On the Structure of Whales" (Phil. Trans. 1787),
+Hunter remarks that the organ of smell "is peculiar to the large and
+small Whalebone Whales." He further remarks, that, "in those that have
+olfactory nerves, the lateral ventricles are not continued into them as
+in many quadrupeds;" and he notices "the want of the olfactory nerves in
+the genus of the Porpoise."--'Anim. Economy,' Palmer's edit. pp. 372,
+373, 376.
+
+[F] See Memoirs in the 'Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh'
+for 1832.
+
+
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Dr. BAIKIE to Sir JOHN RICHARDSON, M.D., C.B.,
+F.R. & L.S., dated 29th October, 1857, Rabba, on the Qworra.
+
+[Read January 21st, 1858.]
+
+
+"In natural history my collection is advancing, especially in skins and
+skeletons of birds. I am collecting skulls of all the domesticated
+animals, and skeletons of the sheep and goats. I have got a few fish,
+including a prettily-marked _Diodon_ or _Tetraodon_, probably new, and a
+_Myletes_ which I did not meet with formerly. The _Siluridę_ are the
+most abundant fishes; and one species closely resembles the
+_Hypophthalmus_, figured by Rüppell in his 'Fishes of the Nile and Red
+Sea.' I have not met with another Polypterus. I shall get a
+_Lepidosiren_ in the river, and have heard of an electrical fish, I
+believe a _Malopteruris_, such as I formerly found. I enclose two scales
+of a fish which is said to grow to the length of 5 feet, but of which I
+have specimens half that size only,--also a sketch of a curious fish
+2-1/2 feet, which I put into spirits; it has neither ventral nor anal
+fins, a very peculiar caudal, and a slender head, while the dorsal
+extends along the whole back; eyes very small; teeth numerous and hard,
+but not sharp." He adds, in a postscript, that he had got the
+_Lepidosiren_. He had collected 700 species of plants, and numerous
+fine fruits, which he says "will rejoice Sir William Hooker's heart."
+
+Dr. Baikie's postscript, however, mentions that his vessel had been
+wrecked about twelve miles above Lagos, and that she sunk in a few
+minutes after she struck. He does not say what was the fate of his
+collections, but states that all the party had fever from fatigue and
+sleeping in swamps after the wreck.--J. R.
+
+
+
+
+Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected in the Aru Islands by Mr.
+A. R. WALLACE, with Descriptions of New Species. By FRANCIS WALKER.
+
+
+ARU ISLAND.
+
+
+Fam. MYCETOPHILIDĘ, _Haliday_.
+
+Gen. SCIARA, _Meigen_.
+
+Div. A. _a., Meig_. vi. 305.
+
+1. SCIARA SELECTA, n. s. _Mas_. Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa, antennis sat
+validis, pedibus piceis, alis cinereis, venis costalibus crassis.
+
+_Male_. Black, with cinereous tomentum; antennę rather stout; legs
+piceous; wings greyish; veins black; radial and cubital veins thick;
+radial vein extending to the fork of the subapical. Length of the body
+1-3/4 line; of the wings 4 lines.
+
+
+Fam. BIBIONIDĘ, _Haliday_.
+
+Gen. PLECIA, _Hoffmansegg_.
+
+2. Plecia dorsalis, _Walk_. See Vol. I. p. 5.
+
+
+Fam. CULICIDĘ, _Haliday_.
+
+3. CULEX SCUTELLARIS, n. s. _Mas_. Nigro-fuscus, capite thoraceque
+argenteo trivittatis, scutello rufescente; abdominis segmentis argenteo
+fasciatis, genubus et tarsorum posticorum fasciis niveis; alis
+subcinereis, venis nigris ciliatis.
+
+_Male_. Blackish brown. Head and thorax with three silvery stripes, the
+middle one very distinct; scutellum reddish; pectus with silvery gloss;
+abdomen with silvery bands, which are narrow above, broad beneath;
+femora pale towards the base; knees snow-white; hind tarsi with 5 broad
+snow-white bands; middle tarsi with the first and second joints white at
+the base; wings slightly greyish; veins black, fringed. Length of the
+body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+
+Fam. TIPULIDĘ.
+
+Gen. MEGISTOCERA, _Wied_.
+
+4. Megistocera tuscana, _Wied. Auss. Zweist._ 1. 55. 1. Inhabits also
+Java.
+
+Gen. GYNOPLISTIA, _Westw_.
+
+5. GYNOPLISTIA JURGIOSA, n. s. _Mas. et Foem._ Nigra, capite rufescente,
+alis cinereis, plagis costalibus nigro-fuscis.--_Mas_. Abdomine
+ochraceo, apice nigro, femoribus basi testaceis.--_Foem._ Abdomine atro
+fasciis albidis apice luteo.
+
+_Male and Female._ Black. Head reddish; antennę testaceous at the base;
+thorax testaceous in front; wings greyish, blackish-brown along the
+costa, and with three subcostal blackish-brown patches, the third
+continued along the veins towards the hind border. _Male_. Abdomen
+ochraceous, black at the tip; femora testaceous at the base; halteres
+testaceous. _Female._ Abdomen deep black, with whitish bands on the
+sutures; tip luteous. Length of the body 5-6 lines; of the wings 9-10
+lines.
+
+
+Fam. STRATIOMIDĘ, _Haliday_.
+
+Gen. PTILOCERA, _Wied_.
+
+6. Ptilocera quadridentata. See Vol. 1. p. _7_.
+
+7. MASSICYTA INFLATA, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, capite viridi maculis nigris,
+antennis basi ferrugineis, pectoris callis duobus scutelloque testaceis,
+abdomine basi sordide albido lineis tribus nigris, fasciis duabus
+cano-tomentosis, segmentis tertio quartoque apice ferrugineis, tibiis
+basi tarsisque albidis, alis subcinereis fusco marginatis, stigmate
+nigricante, halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Black. Head dull green, with several black spots; mouth
+testaceous; antennę dark ferruginous towards the base; two pectoral
+calli and the scutellum testaceous; abdomen at the base dingy-whitish
+and semihyaline, and with three black lines; third and fourth segments
+with hoary bands, their hind borders ferruginous; tibię towards the
+base, and tarsi, whitish; hind tibię with the two colours most
+distinctly marked; wings grey, with broad brownish borders; stigma
+blackish; veins black; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 6 lines;
+of the wings 11 lines.
+
+8. MASSICYTA CERIOĻDES, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, capite testaceo maculis
+nigris, antennis basi ferrugineis, pectoris callis duobus, thoracis
+vittis duabus interruptis, scutello abdominisque fasciis tribus
+viridibus, segmento abdominali secundo maculis duabus testaceis, tarsis
+albis, alis nigricanti-fuscis, halteribus viridibus.
+
+_Female._ Black. Head testaceous, with some black spots on the vertex.
+Antennę dark ferruginous towards the base. An interrupted stripe on each
+side of the thorax, two pectoral calli, the scutellum, and the hind
+borders of the second, third, and fourth abdominal segments green.
+Abdomen testaceous at the base beneath; first band interrupted, having
+before it two testaceous spots. Knees lurid; tarsi white. Wings blackish
+brown; stigma and veins black; halteres apple-green. Length of the body
+5-6 lines; of the wings 10-12 lines.
+
+Gen. SALDUBA, n. g.
+
+_Male. Corpus_ angustum, sublineare. _Caput_ transversum; vertex
+angustus. _Oculi_ magni. _Antennę_ capite transverso valde longiores;
+articuli primo ad septimum breves; flagellum longum, lanceolatum,
+subarcuatum. _Thorax_ longus, subcompressus; scutellum inerme. _Abdomen_
+planum, thorace paullo longius. _Pedes_ graciles; postici longi. _Alę_
+angustę.
+
+_Male._ Body narrow, nearly linear. Head slightly transverse, nearly as
+broad as the thorax; vertex narrow. Eyes large. Antennę shorter than the
+thorax; joints from the first to the seventh short; flagellum long,
+lanceolate, slightly curved. Thorax long, slightly increasing in breadth
+from the head to the base of the wings. Abdomen nearly flat and linear,
+a little longer than the thorax. Legs slender; hind pair long. Wings
+narrow; veins complete, distinctly marked; first cubital areolet rather
+short, divided from the second by the oblique first cubital rim; discal
+areolet large, hexagonal; subanal and anal veins united at some distance
+from the border.
+
+9. SALDUBA DIPHYSOIDES, n. s., _Mas._ Nigra, ore flavo, thorace vittis
+quatuor subauratis, abdominis apice cinereo, pedibus albidis, femoribus
+posticis apices versus tibiisque posticis nigris, alis cinereis, venis
+stigmateque nigris, halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Male._ Black. Mouth yellow; thorax with four stripes of slightly gilded
+tomentum; tip of the abdomen with cinereous tomentum; legs whitish, hind
+femora towards the tips and hind tibię black; wings greyish, veins and
+stigma black; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4-1/2 lines; of
+the wings 8 lines.
+
+Gen. STRATIOMYS.
+
+10. STRATIOMYS CONFERTISSIMA, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, subtus ferruginea,
+capite fulvo, antennis basi fulvis, thorace vittis quatuor subauratis,
+scutelli margine fulvo, ventre piceo basi testaceo, pedibus fulvis nigro
+fasciatis; alis subcinereis, venis stigmateque nigris, halteribus
+testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Black, ferruginous beneath. Head, antennę at the base, border
+of the scutellum, and legs tawny; antennę a little shorter than the
+breadth of the head; thorax with four slightly gilded stripes; abdomen
+beneath piceous, testaceous at the base; femora and tibię with broad
+black bands; wings greyish, stigma and veins black; halteres testaceous.
+Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7-1/2 lines.
+
+11. STRATIOMYS NEXURA, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Nigra, antennis basi fulvis,
+capite transverso brevioribus, abdominis lateribus, ventre, tibiis,
+tarsis halteribusque fulvis, alis limpidis, venis testaceis. _Mas._
+Thorace atro piloso. _Foem._ Thorace nigro-ęneo angustiore.
+
+_Male and female._ Black. Head rather prominent; antennę tawny towards
+the base, shorter than the breadth of the head; spines of the scutellum,
+abdomen beneath, tibię, tarsi, and halteres tawny; wings limpid, veins
+testaceous. _Male._ Thorax deep black, pilose; abdomen tawny along each
+side. _Female._ Head shining; thorax ęneous black, narrower than that of
+the male; abdomen with the tawny stripes much narrower than those of the
+male. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings 6-1/2 lines.
+
+Gen. CLITELLARIA, _Meigen._
+
+12. Clitellaria bivittata, _Fabr._ See Vol. I. p. 7.
+
+Gen. GABAZA, n. g.
+
+_Foem. Corpus_ breve, latum. _Caput_ transversum, thorace paullo
+angustius; facies valde obliqua. _Antennę_ capite transverso breviores;
+articuli breves, transversi; arista longa, gracilis, filiformis.
+_Scutellum_ prominens, spinis duabus minutis. _Abdomen_ transversum,
+thorace multo latius. _Pedes_ graciles, breviusculi. _Alę_ sat angustę;
+venę tenues.
+
+_Female._ Body short, broad. Head transverse, a little narrower than the
+thorax; face very oblique. Antennę shorter than the breadth of the head;
+joints short, transverse; arista slender, filiform, longer than the
+preceding part, which is lanceolate. Scutellum prominent, armed with two
+minute spines. Abdomen transverse, much broader than the thorax. Legs
+slender, somewhat short. Wings rather narrow; veins feeble, in structure
+like those of _Stratiomys_.
+
+13. GABAZA ARGENTEA, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, antennis fulvis, arista alba,
+thorace abdomineque argenteo-tomentosis, tarsis albido-testaceis, alis
+limpidis, venis pallidis.
+
+_Female._ Coal-black. Antennę tawny, arista white; thorax and abdomen
+with bright silvery tomentum; tarsi whitish testaceous; wings limpid,
+veins pale. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 3-1/2 lines.
+
+Gen. SARGUS, _Fabr._
+
+14. Sargus metallinus, _Fabr._ See Vol. I. p. 110.
+
+15. SARGUS COMPLENS, n. s. _Foem._ Rufescente-fulvus, capitis vertice
+nigro, antennis testaceis, abdomine fasciis latis abbreviatis piceis,
+tarsis posticis basi tibiisque posticis nigris, alis cinereis, basi
+subluridis, apud costam exteriorem nigro-fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Reddish tawny. Head black above, testaceous beneath; antennę
+testaceous; abdomen with four broad abbreviated piceous bands; legs
+tawny, hind tibię black with a tawny apical mark, hind tarsi black
+towards the base; wings greyish, slightly lurid towards the base,
+blackish-brown about the exterior part of the costa, veins black, tawny
+towards the base; halteres testaceous, tawny towards the tips. Length of
+the body 6 lines; of the wings 14 lines.
+
+16. SARGUS ROGANS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Capitis vertice nigro, antennis
+pedibusque testaceis, tibiis tarsisque posticis nigris, alis subcinereis
+apice obscurioribus. _Mas._ Luteo-testaceus. _Foem._ Ferrugineus.
+
+_Male and Female._ Head black above; antennę and legs testaceous; hind
+tibię and hind tarsi black; wings greyish, darker towards their tips;
+veins black, tawny towards the base. _Male._ Lutescent testaceous.
+_Female._ Ferruginous; wings darker than those of the male. Length of
+the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.
+
+Gen. NERUA, n. g.
+
+_Foem. Corpus_ longiusculum, sublineare. _Caput_ transversum, thorace
+non latius. _Antennę_ breves; articulus tertius rotundus; arista
+apicalis, longa, tenuis, setiformis. _Thorax_ productus. _Scutellum_
+spinis quatuor longiusculis. _Abdomen_ depressum, sublineare, thorace
+vix latius, non longius. _Pedes_ graciles, non longi. _Alę_ angustę;
+venę bene determinatę.
+
+_Female._ Body rather long, nearly linear. Head transverse, not broader
+than the thorax. Antennę short; third joint round; arista apical, long,
+slender, setiform. Thorax long. Abdomen flat, thin, nearly linear,
+hardly broader and not longer than the thorax. Legs slender, not long.
+Wings narrow; veins distinctly marked, in structure like those of
+_Clitellaria_.
+
+This genus may be distinguished from _Culcua_ by the shape of the
+abdomen.
+
+17. NERUA SCENOPINOĻDES, n. s. _Foem._ Atra, nitens, antennis fulvis,
+scutelli spinis pedibusque albis, alis nigro-cinereis, postice
+pallidioribus, venis nigris, halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Coal-black, shining; antennę tawny; thorax slightly tomentose;
+spines of the scutellum and legs white; wings blackish grey, paler
+towards the hind border, veins black; halteres testaceous. Length of the
+body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+Gen. ADRAGA, n. g.
+
+_Mas. Corpus_ sublineare. _Caput_ thorace non latius. _Oculi_ connexi.
+_Antennę_ brevissimę; articulus tertius rotundus; arista apicalis,
+gracilis, setiformis. _Thorax_ sutura transversa bene determinata.
+_Scutellum_ prominens, trigonum, marginatum. _Abdomen_ thorace paullo
+brevius, non latius. _Pedes_ breviusculi, validi, non dilatati. _Alę_
+mediocres.
+
+_Male_. Body nearly linear, rather thick. Head not broader than the
+thorax. Eyes connected. Antennę very short; third joint round; arista
+apical, long, slender, setiform. Thorax with the transverse suture very
+distinct. Scutellum prominent, triangular, with a border. Abdomen a
+little shorter and not broader than the thorax. Legs stout, rather
+short, not dilated. Wings moderately broad; veins in structure like
+those of _Clitellaria_.
+
+18. ADRAGA UNIVITTA, n. s. _Mas._ Nigra, subtilissime punctata, antennis
+piceis, thorace vitta cinerea, tarsis posterioribus albis, alis
+nigricantibus.
+
+_Male_. Coal-black, hardly shining; antennę piceous; thorax and abdomen
+very minutely punctured; thorax with a stripe of cinereous tomentum;
+posterior tarsi white; wings blackish, veins black. Length of the body 3
+lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+Gen. OBRAPA, n. g.
+
+_Foem. Corpus_ breve, latum, crassum, convexum. _Caput_ transversum,
+thorace angustius. _Antennę_ breves; articulus tertius rotundus; arista
+apicalis, gracilis, setiformis. _Thorax_ sutura transversa bene
+determinata. _Abdomen_ transversum, thorace paullo latius, valde
+brevius. _Pedes_ breviusculi, validi; antici subdilatati. _Alę_
+mediocres.
+
+_Female._ Body short, broad, thick, convex. Head transverse, narrower
+than the thorax. Antennę short; third joint round; arista apical,
+slender, setiform. Thorax with the transverse suture very distinct.
+Scutellum large, prominent, with a marginal suture. Abdomen transverse,
+a little broader than the thorax, and not more than half its length.
+Legs stout, rather short, the fore pair slightly dilated. Wings
+moderately broad, veins rather irregular; discal areolet large,
+quadrilateral; externo-medial veins, subanal vein, and anal vein very
+slight; subanal vein and anal vein united at some distance from the
+border.
+
+19. OBRAPA PERILAMPOĻDES, n. s. _Foem._ Atra, nitens, subtilissime
+punctata, capite glabro, antennis piceis, tarsis posterioribus albidis,
+alis limpidis, venis albidis basi nigris, halteribus niveis.
+
+_Female._ Deep black, shining, very minutely punctured; head smooth;
+antennę piceous; posterior tarsi whitish, with black tips; wings limpid,
+veins whitish, black towards the base; halteres snow-white. Length of
+the body 2-1/2 lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+20. OBRAPA CELYPHOĻDES, n. s. _Foem._ Atra, nitens, subtilissime
+punctata, capite glabro, antennis piceis, tarsis albidis, alis
+nigro-cinereis, venis nigris, halteribus niveis.
+
+_Female._ Deep black, very minutely punctured. Head smooth; antennę
+piceous; tarsi whitish; wings blackish cinereous, veins black; halteres
+snow-white. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.
+
+
+Fam. TABANIDĘ, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. TABANUS, _Linn._
+
+21. TABANUS RECUSANS, n. s. _Foem._ Piceus, cinereo-subtomentosus, callo
+nigro angusto, antennis rufis apice nigris, humeris rufescentibus,
+abdomine basi glaucescente, tibiis obscure ferrugineis, alis
+nigro-fuscis, apice margineque postico cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Piceous, slightly covered with cinereous tomentum. Callus of
+the head black, long, slender, entire; antennę red, black towards the
+tips, angle of the third joint very small; thorax reddish on each side
+in front of the forewings; abdomen with glaucous tomentum towards the
+base; tibię mostly dark ferruginous; wings blackish-brown, cinereous
+towards the tips and along the hind border; veins black; forebranch of
+the cubital vein simple, very slightly undulating, its tip, like that of
+the radial vein, clouded with blackish-brown. Length of the body 6-1/2
+lines; of the wings 12 lines.
+
+
+Fam. ASILIDĘ, _Leach_.
+
+Subfam. DASYPOGONITES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. DASYPOGON, _Fabr._
+
+22. DASYPOGON INOPINUS, n. s. _Foem._ Piceus, facie aurata, mystace
+parvo albo, antennis ferrugineis, apices versus nigris, capite
+transverso longioribus, articulo tertio lineari, pectore fasciis tribus
+canis, abdominis segmentis ferrugineo fasciatis, alis luridis, apud
+costam nigro-fuscis, halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Piceous. Face flat, brightly gilded; epistoma not prominent;
+mystax with a few white bristles; mouth black; antennę ferruginous,
+black towards the tips, longer than the breadth of the head; third joint
+linear, longer than the first and the second together; pectus with three
+hoary bands; abdomen subclavate, nearly twice the length of the thorax;
+a ferruginous band on the hind border of each segment; legs mostly
+ferruginous; wings lurid, blackish-brown towards the costa, veins black;
+halteres testaceous. Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 14 lines.
+
+23. DASYPOGON HONESTUS, n. s. Lutescente-fulvus, capite, antennis,
+pedibus alisque nigris, thorace vitta schistacea nigro marginata
+vittisque duabus lateralibus cinereis, pectore postico nigro, abdomine
+----?, tibiis tarsisque posticis fulvis.
+
+Luteous-tawny. Head, antennę, hind part of the pectus, and legs black,
+shining; mystax with very few bristles; antennę almost as long as the
+breadth of the head, third joint long, slender, linear; thorax with a
+slate-coloured blackish-bordered stripe, a short slate-coloured stripe
+on each side; abdomen wanting; hind tibię and tarsi tawny; wings
+blackish, veins black. Length of the body 4? lines; of the wings 7
+lines.
+
+Subfam. LAPHRITES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. LAPHRIA, _Fabr._
+
+24. Laphria scapularis, _Wied. Auss. Zweifl._ 1. 516. 29. Inhabits also
+Java.
+
+25. Laphria aurifacies, _Macq._ See Vol. I. p. 10.
+
+26. LAPHRIA GLORIOSA, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Aurata, capite pectoreque
+albis, abdomine purpureo, guttis lateralibus albis, basi viridi,
+lateribus pedibusque cyaneis, alis fuscis basi cinereis, halteribus
+testaceis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Head and pectus with white tomentum and hairs; mystax
+with a few black bristles; mouth and antennę black; third joint of the
+latter linear, conical at the tip, longer than the first and the second
+together; thorax with cupreous-gilded tomentum; abdomen purple, green at
+the base, blue and with a row of white dots along each side; legs blue;
+wings brown, cinereous towards the base, veins black; halteres
+testaceous. _Male._ Legs very thick and pilose. Length of the body 9
+lines; of the wings 16 lines.
+
+27. LAPHRIA SOCIA, n. s. _Foem._ Cyaneo-viridis, capite aurato,
+antennarum articulo tertio longissimo subfusiformi, thoracis tomento
+subaurato, vitta media nuda, pectore argenteo, abdomine purpureo-cyaneo
+basi viridi maculis lateralibus argenteis, alis nigro-cinereis basi
+cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Bluish-green. Head brightly gilded, hind part silvery; mystax
+with six long black bristles; third joint of the antennę very elongate
+subfusiform; thorax with slightly gilded tomentum, excepting a broad
+bare middle stripe; pectus with silvery tomentum; abdomen purplish-blue,
+green towards the base, with spots of silvery tomentum along each side;
+hind borders of the ventral segments white; wings grey, blackish-grey
+for almost half the length from the tips and along three-fourths of the
+length of the hind border, veins black; halteres ferruginous. Length of
+the body 8-1/2 lines; of the wings 16 lines.
+
+28. LAPHRIA CONSOBRINA, n. s. _Foem._ Purpurea, capite aurato, pectore
+argenteo, abdomine viridi-cyaneo, maculis lateralibus argenteis, alis
+nigricantibus basi cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Purple. Head brightly gilded, hind part silvery, underside
+with white hairs; mystax with six long black bristles; pectus with
+silvery tomentum; abdomen greenish blue, with spots of silvery tomentum
+along each side; hind borders of the ventral segments white; wings
+slightly grey, blackish for full half the length from the tips and along
+full three-fourths of the length of the hind border, veins black;
+halteres ferruginous, with black tips. Length of the body 7-1/2 lines;
+of the wings 14 lines.
+
+This species much resembles _L. socia_, but may be distinguished by the
+difference of colour, and more especially by the more undulating first
+branch vein, by the much less oblique third externo-medial vein, and by
+the subanal vein, which is united to the anal vein much nearer the
+border.
+
+29. LAPHRIA SODALIS, n. s. _Mas._ Cyanea, capite aurato, antennarum
+articulo tertio fusiformi, thoracis lateribus purpureo-viridibus,
+pectore ventreque argenteis, abdomine maculis lateralibus argenteis,
+alis cinereis, apice posticeque nigricantibus.
+
+_Male._ Blue. Head brightly gilded, vertex and hind part silvery,
+underside with white hairs; mystax with four long black bristles, and
+with several gilded bristles; third joint of the antennę
+elongate-fusiform; sides of the thorax varied with green and purple;
+abdomen with spots of silvery tomentum along each side, underside and
+pectus silvery; wings grey, black towards the tips and along half the
+length of the hind border; halteres white. Length of the body 7 lines;
+of the wings 13 lines.
+
+The veins of this species are hardly different from those of _L.
+consobrina_ in structure, excepting the third externo-medial, which is
+united to the fourth nearer the border.
+
+30. LAPHRIA COMES, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Viridi-cyanea, capite aurato,
+antennarum articulo tertio fusiformi, pectore ventrisque lateribus
+argenteis, abdomine viridi (mas) aut purpureo-cyaneo (foem.) maculis
+lateralibus argenteis, alis nigricantibus basi cinereis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Greenish blue. Head brightly gilded, hind part
+silvery; mystax with six long black bristles; third joint of the antennę
+elongate-fusiform; pectus with silvery tomentum; abdomen green in the
+male, purplish-blue in the female, with silvery spots along each side,
+underside with two silvery stripes; wings blackish, grey at the base and
+along the costa for more than one-third of the length, veins and
+halteres black. Length of the body 6--6-1/2 lines; of the wings 11-12
+lines.
+
+This may be only a small variety of _L. consobrina_; but the wings are
+not darker towards the costa as in that species, and the first
+branch-vein is much more straight.
+
+31. LAPHRIA CONSORS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Viridis (mas) aut cyanea
+(foem.), capite aurato, antennarum articulo tertio brevifusiformi,
+pectore argenteo, abdomine ęneo-viridi (mas) aut cyaneo-purpureo
+(foem.) maculis lateralibus argenteis, alis nigricantibus, basi
+cinereis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Green (male) or blue (female). Head gilded, hind part
+silvery; mystax with a few black bristles; third joint of the antennę
+short-fusiform; pectus silvery; abdomen ęneous-green in the male,
+bluish-purple in the female, with silvery spots along each side; wings
+blackish, grey at the base and along the costa for more than one-third
+of the length; veins and halteres black. Length of the body 4-1/2--5
+lines; of the wings 8-9 lines.
+
+The straight and not oblique third externo-medial vein distinguishes
+this species from all the preceding _Laphrię_.
+
+32. LAPHRIA GERMANA, n. s. _Foem._ Cyanea, facie aurata, antennarum
+articulo tertio longissime subfusiformi, abdominis maculis lateralibus
+pectoreque argenteis, alis cinereis, basi subcinereis, halteribus albis.
+
+_Female._ Blue. Head gilded in front, vertex and hind part silvery;
+mystax with six black bristles; third joint of the antennę very long,
+subfusiform; pectus silvery; abdomen purplish blue, shorter than in the
+preceding species, with silvery spots along each side; wings grey,
+slightly grey towards the base; halteres white. Length of the body 3-1/2
+lines; of the wings 7 lines.
+
+33. LAPHRIA FLAGRANTISSIMA, n. s. _Mas._ Rufescente-cervina, capite
+aurato, antennis pedibusque rufescentibus, thorace vittis tribus
+latissimis (lateralibus abbreviatis) pectoreque nigricantibus, alis
+lutescentibus, plaga postica interiore fasciaque latissima exteriore
+nigricantibus.
+
+_Male._ Reddish fawn colour. Head gilded; mystax with numerous gilded
+bristles; mouth lanceolate, very stout; antennę reddish, third joint
+long, lanceolate, abruptly acuminated at the tip; thorax with three very
+broad blackish stripes; disk of the pectus black; abdomen with the
+segments darker towards the base, underside black towards the tip; legs
+reddish, stout; tarsi with black bands beneath; wings somewhat luteous,
+with a large blackish patch on the hind border near the base, and with a
+very broad blackish band near the tip; halteres testaceous. Length of
+the body 11 lines; of the wings 22 lines.
+
+34. LAPHRIA JUSTA, n. s. _Mas._ Lutea, capite aurato, ore, antennis
+apice, thoracis maculis duabus posticis, pectore, abdominis fasciis
+latis femoribusque nigris, alis cinereis, apud costam luridis.
+
+_Male._ Luteous. Head gilded; mystax with numerous gilded bristles;
+mouth short, black; antennę reddish tawny, third joint lanceolate, black
+except at the base; thorax with the disk somewhat darker, two large
+black spots hindward; pectus black; abdomen linear, with a broad black
+band on the fore border of each segment; femora black above except at
+the tips, hind femora black also beneath; wings greyish, slightly
+clouded with dark grey, lurid along the costa for three-fourths of the
+length; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 14
+lines.
+
+35. LAPHRIA MANIFESTA, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Fulva, capite argenteo (mas)
+aut pallide aurato (foem.), antennis apice nigris, thoracis disco et
+abdominis maculis subtrigonis subęneo-ferrugineis, scutello
+quadrisetoso, alis subcinereis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Tawny. Head silvery in the male, pale-gilded in the
+female; mystax with several slender bristles; mouth lanceolate; third
+joint of the antennę very elongate-subfusiform, black towards the tip;
+disk of the thorax and nearly triangular dorsal spots of the abdomen
+ferruginous with a slight ęneous tinge; pectus testaceous, slightly
+silvery; wings slightly greyish; veins black, testaceous at the base,
+where the wings also have a testaceous tinge; halteres testaceous.
+Length of the body 4-1/2--5 lines; of the wings 8-9 lines.
+
+36. LAPHRIA APERTA, n. s. _Foem._ Testacea, capite subargenteo, antennis
+abdominisque apice nigris, alis nigricantibus basi limpidis, halteribus
+albidis.
+
+_Female._ Testaceous. Head with whitish slightly silvery tomentum;
+mystax with very few bristles; antennę black, third joint long, linear,
+conical at the tip; thorax with a very indistinct darker stripe; abdomen
+black towards the tip; wings blackish, limpid towards the base; veins
+black, testaceous at the base; halteres whitish. Length of the body 4
+lines; of the wings 7 lines.
+
+37. LAPHRIA DECLARATA, n. s. _Mas._ Fulva, capite albo, facie argentea
+micante, antennis tibiisque posticis nigris, thorace atro, alis
+cinereis, venis nigris, halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Male._ Tawny, slender. Head white, face brilliant silvery; mystax with
+four bristles; mouth black, short, slender; eyes flat in front; antennę
+black, almost as long as the breadth of the head; third joint long,
+slender, lanceolate; thorax deep black; scutellum reddish tawny; hind
+tibię black, with tawny tips; wings greyish, veins black; discal veinlet
+and third externo-medial vein forming one straight line, as in the genus
+_Atomosia_; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines; of the
+wings 6 lines.
+
+Subfam. ASILITES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. TRUPANEA, _Macq._
+
+38. TRUPANEA CONTRADICENS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Nigricans,
+cinereo-subtomentosa, thoracis vittis pectoreque cano-tomentosis,
+pedibus nigris, tibiis rufis apice nigris, alis fusco-cinereis, areola
+radiali schistaceo vittata. _Mas._ Capite subaurato, barba
+testaceo-albida, abdominis segmentis lutescente marginatis. _Foem._
+Capite barbaque albidis, abdomine stylato, segmentis cano marginatis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Blackish. Antennę and legs black; thorax slightly
+covered with cinereous tomentum; stripes, pectus, and underside of the
+abdomen hoary; tibię red, with black tips; wings brownish grey; radial
+areolet with a slate-coloured stripe. _Male._ Head slightly gilded;
+mystax with a few black bristles and many gilded bristles; beard
+testaceous-whitish; sides of the abdomen and hind borders of the
+segments lutescent. _Female._ Head and beard whitish; mystax with many
+black bristles and a few white bristles; abdomen with an apical style,
+more than one-third of the length of the preceding part, sides and hind
+borders of the segments hoary. Length of the body 12-14 lines; of the
+wings 14-18 lines.
+
+Gen. ASILUS, _Linn._
+
+39. Asilus longistylus, _Wied. Auss. Zweifl._ 1. 433. 13. Inhabits also
+Java.
+
+Gen. OMMATIUS, _Illiger._
+
+40. OMMATIUS NOCTIFER, n. s. _Mas._ Niger, capite aurato, thoracis
+incisuris, scutello, pectore, segmentorum abdominalium marginibus
+ventreque canis, tibiis fulvis apice nigris, alis cinereis costa
+apiceque nigricantibus, halteribus ferrugineis.
+
+_Male._ Black. Head gilded; mystax with a few black and several gilded
+bristles; sutures of the thorax, scutellum, sides, pectus, hind borders
+of the abdominal segments, and underside hoary; tibię tawny, with black
+tips; wings cinereous, blackish along the costa and towards the tips,
+veins black; halteres ferruginous. Length of the body 6--6-1/2 lines; of
+the wings 11-12 lines.
+
+41. OMMATIUS LUCIFER, n. s. _Mas._ Ęneo-niger, capite argenteo, pectore
+albido, abdominis segmentis ferrugineo marginatis, pedibus testaceis,
+femoribus nigro-vittatis, tarsis nigris, alis limpidis apice
+nigricantibus costa atra apud medium incrassata, halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Male._ Bronze-black. Head silvery in front; mystax with a few black and
+a few whitish bristles; pectus whitish; hind borders of the abdominal
+segments ferruginous; legs testaceous; femora striped with black; tarsi
+black, ferruginous at the base; wings limpid, blackish at the tips;
+costa deep black, incrassated in the middle; halteres testaceous. Length
+of the body 6 lines; of the wings 11 lines.
+
+42. OMMATIUS RETRAHENS, n. s. _Foem._ Cinereo-niger, facie argentea,
+pectore albido, pedibus testaceis, tarsis, femoribus tibiisque apice
+femoribusque posticis nigris, alis limpidis apice subcinereis,
+halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Cinereous-black. Head silvery white in front; mystax with very
+few white and black bristles; pectus whitish; legs testaceous; tips of
+the anterior femora and of the middle tibię black; hind femora and hind
+tarsi black; anterior tarsi and hind tibię black, testaceous towards the
+base; wings limpid, slightly cinereous towards the tips; veins black;
+halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7 lines.
+
+Gen. LEPTOGASTER, _Meigen._
+
+43. LEPTOGASTER FERRUGINEUS, n. s. _Mas._ Ferrugineus, pectore albo,
+abdomine nigro, segmentorum marginibus ventreque testaceis, pedibus
+fulvis, femoribus apice nigris, tibiis piceo vittatis, tibiis posticis
+tarsisque nigris basi testaceis, alis sublimpidis, halteribus testaceis
+apice piceis.
+
+_Male._ Ferruginous. Head pale, gilded in front, hind side and pectus
+white; mouth and antennę tawny, the latter blackish towards the tips;
+abdomen black; hind borders of the segments and under side testaceous;
+legs tawny; anterior femora with a testaceous band before the tips,
+which are black; hind femora and anterior tibię striped with piceous,
+the latter black towards the tips; tarsi and hind tibię black,
+testaceous at the base; wings very slightly greyish, veins black;
+halteres testaceous, piceous towards the tips. Length of the body 7
+lines; of the wings 10 lines.
+
+44. LEPTOGASTER LONGIPES, n. s. _Mas._ Ferrugineus, pectore albido,
+abdomine piceo, segmentis apice fulvescentibus, pedibus anterioribus
+fulvescentibus, posticis piceis longissimis, femoribus posticis basi
+testaceis, alis subcinereis basi obscurioribus costa venisque nigris,
+halteribus testaceis apice nigris.
+
+_Male._ Ferruginous. Head testaceous in front; mouth and antennę black;
+pectus whitish; abdomen piceous, hind borders of the segments somewhat
+tawny; legs somewhat tawny; hind legs piceous, very long, their femora
+testaceous at the base; wings slightly greyish, darker towards the base,
+costa and veins black; halteres testaceous, with black knobs. Length of
+the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+45. LEPTOGASTER ALBIMANUS, n. s. _Mas._ Niger, capite antico pectoreque
+albis, antennis basi ferrugineis, abdominis segmentis cano fasciatis,
+femoribus, tibiis tarsisque basi albis, femoribus posticis luteo
+fasciatis, alis limpidis, halteribus albidis apice piceis.
+
+_Male._ Black. Head in front and the pectus white; antennę ferruginous
+at the base; abdomen long, a hoary band on the hind border of each
+segment; femora, tibię, and tarsi white at the base; hind legs long,
+rather stout; hind femora with a luteous band; wings limpid, veins
+black; halteres whitish, with piceous knobs. Length of the body 5 lines;
+of the wings 7 lines.
+
+
+Fam. LEPTIDĘ, _Westw._
+
+Gen. LEPTIS, _Fabr._
+
+46. Leptis ferruginosa, _Wied._ See Vol. I. p. 118.
+
+Gen. CHRYSOPILA, _Macq._
+
+47. CHRYSOPILA VACILLANS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Lutescens, capite nigro,
+thorace subvittato, abdominis segmentis nigro fasciatis, alis
+sublimpidis apud costam flavescentibus, venis fusco latissime
+marginatis, stigmate nigro-fusco.
+
+_Male and Female._ Lutescent. Head of the female black, shining; thorax
+with two brown bands which are paler and indistinct hindward; abdomen
+with a broad black band on each segment; tarsi blackish towards the
+tips; wings nearly limpid, yellowish along the costa, veins exteriorly
+with very broad brownish borders, stigma blackish brown. Length of the
+body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings 6 lines.
+
+
+Fam. BOMBYLIDĘ, _Leach._
+
+Subfam. THEREVITES, _Walk._
+
+48. THEREVA CONGRUA, n. s. _Mas._ Nigra, glaucescente albo tomentosa,
+albo pilosa, capite argenteo, thorace trivittato et bilineato, pedibus
+nigris, femoribus albis, alis cinereis stigmate elongato venisque
+nigris.
+
+_Male._ Black, with glaucous-white tomentum and with white hairs. Head
+silvery in front; thorax with three blackish brown stripes, the middle
+one with a dark stripe on each side, broader and more distinct than the
+lateral pair; abdomen beneath and legs black, femora white; wings grey,
+with an elongated black stigma and black veins; halteres black. Length
+of the body 5 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+Subfam. BOMBYLITES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. ANTHRAX, _Fabr._
+
+49. ANTHRAX PELOPS, n. s. _Mas._ Ferruginea, thoracis margine rufo
+piloso, pectore abdomineque nigris, abdomine fasciis duabus, maculis
+duabus apicalibus, plagaque ventrali subtrigona argenteis, alis
+cinereis, basi costaque nigris.
+
+_Male._ Closely allied to _A. Tantalus_. Dark ferruginous. Head above,
+antennę, pectus, abdomen, and legs black; thorax bordered with red
+hairs; pectus with a silvery dot on each side; abdomen with red hairs on
+each side at the base, with two silvery bands, with two silvery apical
+spots, and with a ventral, nearly triangular, silvery patch; wings
+cinereous, black at the base and along five-sixths of the length of the
+costa, veins and halteres black. Length of the body 8 lines; of the
+wings 18 lines.
+
+50. Anthrax semiscita, _Walk._ See Vol. I. p. 118.
+
+51. Anthrax degenera, _Walk._ See Vol. I. p. 15.
+
+Gen. GERON, _Meigen._
+
+52. GERON SIMPLEX, n. s. _Mas._ Ater, antennis pedibusque nigris, alis
+subcinereis, halteribus fulvis.
+
+_Male._ Deep black. Eyes bright red; proboscis a little longer than the
+thorax; antennę and legs black; wings slightly greyish, veins black;
+halteres tawny. Length of the body 2-1/2 lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+
+Fam. EMPIDOĘ, _Leach._
+
+Gen. HYBOS, _Fabr._
+
+53. HYBOS BICOLOR, n. s. _Mas._ Fulvus, ore antennisque testaceis,
+abdomine, femoribus posticis apice tibiisque anticis piceis, tarsis
+anterioribus ferrugineis, alis obscure cinereis.
+
+_Male._ Tawny. Mouth and antennę testaceous; abdomen, hind femora at the
+tips, and fore tibię piceous, anterior tarsi ferruginous; wings dark
+grey, veins black. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings 7 lines.
+
+
+Fam. DOLICHOPIDĘ, _Leach._
+
+Gen. Psilopus, _Meigen._
+
+54. Psilopus ęneus, _Fabr. Syst. Antl._ 268. 9.
+
+Inhabits also Java.
+
+55. PSILOPUS BENEDICTUS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Aureo-viridis, facie
+pectoreque argenteis, antennis testaceis apice nigris, thorace vittis
+tribus cupreis, abdomine fasciis cupreo-purpureis, maculis lateralibus
+albidis, pedibus testaceis tibiis posticis tarsisque nigris, alis
+subcinereis, costam versus et apud venas transversas nigro-fuscis,
+halteribus testaceis. _Foem._ Vertice cyaneo-purpureo, abdomine fasciis
+cyaneis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Golden green. Face silvery; antennę testaceous, black
+towards the tips, arista full as long as the thorax; thorax with three
+cupreous stripes; pectus silvery; abdomen with cupreous purple bands and
+with whitish spots along each side; legs testaceous, tarsi and hind
+tibię black; wings slightly greyish, blackish brown along the costa and
+about the transverse veins, veins black, fore branch of the prębrachial
+vein curved inward, discal transverse vein undulating; halteres
+testaceous. _Female._ Vertex bluish purple; abdomen with blue bands.
+Length of the body 4--4-1/2 lines; of the wings 7-8 lines.
+
+56. PSILOPUS LUCIGENA, n. s. _Mas._ Aureo-viridis, facie pectoreque
+argenteis, antennis tarsisque nigris, thorace vittis tribus
+rufo-cupreis, abdomine fasciis cupreo-purpureis, femoribus
+lutescentibus, tibiis piceis, femoribus anticis apice nigricantibus,
+alis nigris apice albis, halteribus fulvis apice nigris.
+
+_Male._ Golden green. Face and pectus silvery; antennę black, arista
+longer than the thorax; thorax with three broad reddish cupreous
+stripes; abdomen with broad cupreous purple bands; femora lutescent,
+tibię piceous, fore femora blackish towards the tips, tarsi black;
+wings black, tips snow-white, fore branch of the prębrachial vein
+slightly curved inward, discal transverse vein much curved outward;
+halteres tawny, with black tips. Length of the body 4-1/2 lines; of the
+wings 9 lines.
+
+57. Psilopus flavicornis, _Wied. Auss. Zweifl._ 11. 227. 31.
+
+Inhabits also Sumatra.
+
+58. PSILOPUS TERMINIFER, n. s. _Mas._ Aureo-viridis, vertice
+cyaneo-purpureo, facie pectoreque argenteis, antennis, pedibus
+halteribusque testaceis, abdomine apicem versus atro fasciis duabus
+cupreis, alis subcinereis apice nigris.
+
+_Male._ Golden-green, slender. Vertex bluish-purple; face and pectus
+silvery; antennę testaceous, arista about half the length of the body;
+fourth and fifth segments of the abdomen deep black with a cupreous band
+on the hind border of each segment, tip blue; legs and halteres
+testaceous; wings greyish, paler along the hind border, tips black, fore
+branch of the prębrachial vein slightly curved inward, discal transverse
+vein slightly undulating. Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 5
+lines.
+
+59. PSILOPUS ORCIFER, n. s. _Foem._ Purpureus, facie pectoreque
+subcinereis, antennis, pedibus halteribusque nigris, abdomine
+cyaneo-viridi segmentorum marginibus posticis purpureis, alis
+nigricantibus margine postico cinereo. _Var._ Viridis, vertice cyaneo,
+abdominis segmentis basi nigris.
+
+_Female._ Purple, rather stout. Face and pectus slightly cinereous;
+antennę, legs, and halteres black; abdomen bluish-green, hind borders of
+the segments purple; wings blackish, cinereous along the hind border,
+fore branch of the prębrachial vein forming an obtuse angle, discal
+transverse vein very undulating. _Var._ Green. Vertex blue; abdominal
+segments black at the base. Length of the body 2-1/2 lines; of the wings
+5 lines.
+
+60. PSILOPUS EGENS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Purpureus, facie pectoreque
+cyaneo-viridi cinereo subtomentosis, antennis, pedibus halteribusque
+nigris, metathorace viridi, abdomine cyaneo, suturis nigris, alis
+cinereis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Purple. Face and pectus slightly covered with
+cinereous tomentum, the latter bluish-green; antennę black, arista much
+more than half the length of the body; metathorax green; abdomen blue,
+sutures black; legs and halteres black; wings grey, fore branch of the
+prębrachial vein much curved inward, discal transverse vein straight;
+length of the body 2-1/2--2-3/4 lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+Gen. DOLICHOPUS, _Latr._
+
+61. DOLICHOPUS TRIGONIFER, n. s. _Foem._ Cupreo-viridis, facie argentea,
+antennis, pedibus halteribusque testaceis, pectore, ventre abdominisque
+maculis lateralibus trigonis albidis, abdomine purpureo marginibus
+posticis nigris, tarsis posterioribus nigricantibus, alis cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Cupreous green. Face silvery; antennę, legs, and halteres
+testaceous; pectus, abdomen beneath, and triangular spots on each side
+whitish; abdomen purple, hind borders of the segments black; posterior
+tarsi blackish; wings grey, veins black, prębrachial vein forming a
+right angle at its flexure, between which and the border it is much
+curved inward, discal transverse vein very slightly curved outwards.
+Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+This species resembles the _Psilopi_ in the structure of the prębrachial
+vein.
+
+Gen. DIAPHORUS, _Meigen._
+
+62. DIAPHORUS RESUMENS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Obscure viridis (mas) aut
+niger (foem.), facie pectoreque albidis, antennis piceis, abdomine
+nigro-cupreo basi obscure testaceo, pedibus anterioribus tibiisque
+posticis basi obscure testaceis, pedibus posticis nigris, alis
+nigricantibus apud marginem posticum pallidioribus, halteribus
+testaceis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Dark green (male) or black (female). Face and pectus
+whitish; antennę piceous; abdomen cupreous-black, dull testaceous
+towards the base; hind legs black, hind tibię towards the base and
+anterior legs dull testaceous; wings blackish, paler along the hind
+border, veins black, prębrachial vein and discal transverse vein
+straight; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings
+3-1/2 lines.
+
+
+Fam. SYRPHIDĘ, _Leach._
+
+Gen. CERIA, _Fabr._
+
+63. CERIA SMARAGDINA, n. s. _Foem._ Saturate metallico-viridis,
+subtilissime punctata, faciei lateribus cupreis, antennis nigris, arista
+nivea, thorace bivittato, abdomine ęneo-viridi, tarsis nigris, alis
+dimidio costali nigro, halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Deep metallic green, very finely punctured. Head blue in
+front, sides of the face cupreous-purple; mouth, antennę, and tarsi
+black; arista snow-white; thorax with two almost contiguous darker
+stripes; abdomen ęneous green, with the exception of the petiole, which
+is very thick; wings slightly greyish, costal half black; halteres
+testaceous. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 14 lines.
+
+64. CERIA RELICTA, n. s. _Mas._ Nigra, faciei lateribus, thoracis
+maculis quatuor humeralibus, pectoris fasciis duabus lateralibus,
+scutello, abdominis maculis duabus basalibus fasciisque duabus flavis,
+tibiis flavescentibus apice piceis, alis apud costam nigris, halteribus
+testaceis.
+
+_Male._ Black. Head yellow beneath, and in front with the exception of a
+black stripe on the disk of the face; arista white; thorax with two
+yellow spots on each side in front; scutellum yellow; pectus with an
+oblique yellow band on each side; abdomen not petiolated, with a tumid
+yellow spot on each side at the base, hind borders of the third and
+fourth segments yellow; femora at the tips and tibię yellow, the latter
+piceous towards the tips, tarsi piceous; wings greyish-black towards the
+costa, excepting a lurid costal streak which extends along half the
+length from the base; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 6 lines;
+of the wings 11 lines.
+
+65. CERIA RELICTA, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, faciei lateribus abdominisque
+fasciis duabus flavis, antennis ferrugineo variis, pedibus fulvis, alis
+cinereis costam versus nigris, halteribus stramineis.
+
+_Female._ Black. Head yellow, beneath and in front with the exception of
+a black stripe on the disk of the face; first and third joints of the
+antennę somewhat ferruginous, arista white; thorax with two indistinct
+yellowish marks on the transverse suture, hind border of the scutellum
+and hind borders of the second and third abdominal segments yellow; legs
+tawny, tibię paler towards the base; wings green, black for nearly half
+the breadth from the costa; halteres straw-colour. Length of the body 6
+lines; of the wings 11 lines.
+
+This may prove to be the female of _C. relictura_, notwithstanding its
+great difference from that species in the marks of the thorax and of the
+abdomen, and in the colour of the legs.
+
+Gen. MICRODON, _Meig._
+
+66. MICRODON FULVICORNIS, n. s. _Mas._ Niger, aureo-subpubescens,
+antennis, abdomine, pedibus halteribusque fulvis, femoribus nigris,
+tibiis nigro vittatis, alis fuscis postice cinereis.
+
+_Male._ Black. Head with gilded pubescence, cinereous behind and
+beneath; antennę tawny, second joint above towards the tip and third
+joint piceous; thorax slightly covered with gilded tomentum; pectus with
+cinereous tomentum; abdomen with gilded tomentum towards the tip; legs
+tawny, femora mostly black, tibię with black stripes; wings cinereous,
+dark-brown about the costa, veinlet which bisects the subapical areolet
+incomplete, as it is also in the following species; halteres tawny.
+Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines.
+
+67. MICRODON APICALIS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Niger, aureo-pubescens,
+thorace abdomineque fasciatis, pedibus halteribusque fulvis, alis
+nigro-fuscis postice obscure cinereis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Black, with gilded tomentum, which forms two bands on
+the thorax, and one on each side of the pectus; abdomen with three
+gilded tomentose bands, the third subapical, first segment ferruginous
+beneath; legs tawny, femora at the base and coxę black; wings
+blackish-brown, dark cinereous hindward; halteres tawny. Length of the
+body 5-6 lines; of the wings 10-12 lines.
+
+Gen. GRAPTOMYZA, _Wied._
+
+68. GRAPTOMYZA TIBIALIS, n. s. _Mas._ Testacea, vertice pectorisque
+fasciis duabus piceis, antennis supra nigris, abdominis lateribus
+fasciis duabus subtrigonis apiceque nigris, alis cinereis.
+
+_Male._ Testaceous. Vertex and mouth piceous; epistoma with a piceous
+line on each side; third joint of the antennę black above; abdomen black
+along each side and at the tip, and with two black bands which are
+angular in front; wings cinereous. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines; of
+the wings 6 lines.
+
+Gen. ERISTALIS, _Latr._
+
+69. Eristalis splendens, _Leguillon, Voy. aut. du Monde_; _Macq. Dipt.
+Exot._ 11. 2. 49. 28.
+
+Inhabits also Solomon's Islands.
+
+70. ERISTALIS RESOLUTUS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Niger, capite antice albo,
+thorace vittis duabus fasciaque pectorisque disco cinereis, scutello
+fulvo, abdomine fasciis interruptis ęneo-viridibus, tibiis basi
+fulvescentibus, alis fuscis (mas) aut obscure fuscis (foem.) basi
+cinereis, halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Black. Head shining, with white tomentum beneath and
+on each side of the face; third joint of the antennę piceous, arista
+simple; thorax with two cinereous stripes and with one cinereous band,
+somewhat chalybeous towards the scutellum, which is tawny; the band
+continued on each side of the pectus, whose disk is cinereous; abdomen
+with an interrupted ęneous-green band on the second segment, third and
+fourth segments ęneous-green, each with three large black spots; tibia
+somewhat tawny towards the base; wings brown (male) or dark brown
+(female), cinereous towards the base; halteres testaceous. Length of the
+body 6 lines; of the wings 10 lines.
+
+71. ERISTALIS CONDUCTUS, n. s. _Foem._ Niger, faciei lateribus albis,
+antennis, scutello, abdominis fasciis pedibusque testaceis, thorace
+antico albido, alis subcinereis apice obscurioribus.
+
+_Female_. Black. Head shining, with white tomentum behind, beneath and
+on each side of the face; antennę, scutellum, and legs testaceous,
+arista simple; thorax whitish in front, the whitish part continued in a
+short band on each side of the pectus; abdomen testaceous at the base
+and beneath, and with three testaceous bands; hind tibię with black
+tips; wings slightly greyish, darker towards the tips, cubital vein much
+less bent than usual; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 3-1/2
+lines; of the wings 6 lines.
+
+72. ERISTALIS SUAVISSIMUS, n. s. _Foem._ Fulvus, capite testaceo vertice
+nigro, thorace vittis quinque testaceis, abdomine nigro maculis sex
+lutescentibus, segmentorum marginibus posticis ęneis, pedibus nigris
+testaceo fasciatis, alis sublimpidis punctis duobus costalibus nigris.
+
+_Female_. Tawny. Head with testaceous tomentum, vertex black, shining;
+antennę testaceous, arista simple; thorax with five testaceous stripes;
+pectus with two oblique testaceous bands on each side; abdomen black,
+with six somewhat luteous spots, the basal pair larger and darker than
+the middle pair, which are larger than the hind pair, apical segment
+with two testaceous points, hind borders of the segments ęneous above,
+testaceous beneath; legs black, tibię at the base and tarsi testaceous;
+wings nearly limpid, costa with two black points; halteres testaceous.
+Length of the body 5-1/2 lines; of the wings 10 lines.
+
+73. ERISTALIS MUSCOĻDES, n. s. _Mas._ Cyaneo-viridis subchalybeus,
+capitis callo antennisque fulvis, faciei lateribus albo tomentosis,
+thorace subvittato, abdomine nigro maculis ęneo-viridibus, pedibus
+nigris, alis subcinereis, halteribus albis.
+
+_Male._ Bluish-green, with a slight chalybeous tinge. Face with white
+tomentum along each side, middle callus tawny, shining; antennę pale
+tawny, arista plumose; thorax with three indistinct black stripes, the
+lateral pair oblique, callus on each side beneath pale tawny; abdomen
+black, second segment with a broad interrupted bluish green band, third
+segment with four ęneous-green streaks, fourth segment also with four
+streaks which are united on the hind border, ventral segments whitish on
+each side; legs black; femora bluish black towards the base; wings
+slightly cinereous; halteres white. Length of the body 4 lines; of the
+wings 8 lines.
+
+Gen. HELOPHILUS, _Meigen._
+
+74. Helophilus quadrivittatus, _Wied. Auss. Zweifl._ 11. 168. 22.
+(Eristalis).
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan.
+
+75. HELOPHILUS MESOLEUCUS, n. s. _Foem._ Niger, faciei lateribus niveo
+tomentosis, thorace vittis quatuor canis, scutello, abdominis fascia
+antica latissima interrupta basique lutescentibus, alis cinereis, venis
+basi halteribusque fulvis.
+
+_Female._ Black. Face with snow-white tomentum on each side; thorax with
+four hoary stripes; pectus with a cinereous disk; scutellum pale
+luteous; abdomen pale luteous at the base, and with a broad interrupted
+pale luteous band on the second segment, third and fourth segments
+somewhat chalybeous, the former livid along the fore border, under side
+with two lateral abbreviated pale luteous stripes; hind femora thick;
+wings grey, veins towards the base, and halteres, tawny. Length of the
+body 6-1/2 lines; of the wings 12 lines.
+
+Gen. XYLOTA, _Meigen._
+
+76. XYLOTA VENTRALIS, n. s. _Foem._ Nigro-chalybea, capite albido
+tomentoso, scutello fulvo, vittis duabus ventralibus latis abbreviatis
+testaceis, pedibus piceo et testaceo variis, alis fuscis basi cinereis,
+halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Blackish chalybeous. Head with whitish tomentum, excepting the
+callus on the vertex and another on the front; mouth and antennę black;
+scutellum tawny; abdomen beneath with two very broad testaceous stripes
+extending from the base to two-thirds of the length; legs dingy
+testaceous, femora and hind tibię partly piceous, hind femora thick,
+piceous, slightly chalybeous, armed with spines beneath; wings dark
+brown, cinereous towards the base; halteres testaceous. Length of the
+body 4-1/2 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+Gen. ORTHONEURA, _Macq._
+
+77. ORTHONEURA BASALIS, n. s. _Foem._ Chalybeo-nigra, nitens,
+cano-subtomentosa, antennis ferrugineis basi fulvis articulo tertio
+elongato, tarsis posterioribus piceis, tarsis anticis tibiisque
+anterioribus fulvis, his nigro fasciatis, alis subcinereis fusco
+fasciatis, halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Chalybeous-black, very shining, partly and slightly covered
+with hoary tomentum; antennę tawny, third joint ferruginous, long,
+linear, tawny at the base; anterior tibię tawny with a black band, fore
+tarsi tawny, hinder tarsi piceous; wings greyish, with a subapical brown
+band which is abbreviated hindward, veins towards the base and halteres
+testaceous; alulę whitish. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings
+6 lines.
+
+Gen. SYRPHUS, _Fabr._
+
+78. Syrphus ęgrotus, _Fabr._ See Vol. I. p. 124.
+
+79. Syrphus ericetorum, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ iv. 287. 34. Inhabits also
+Sierra Leone, Hindostan, and Java.
+
+
+Fam. MUSCIDĘ, _Latr._
+
+Subfam. TACHINIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. MASICERA, _Macq._
+
+80. MASICERA NOTABILIS, n. s. _Mas._ Nigra, longiuscula, capite
+abdominisque fasciis albis, frontalibus atris, pectore cano, scutelli
+margine postico abdominisque lateribus ferrugineis, alis cinereis, venis
+fusco marginatis.
+
+_Male._ Black, rather long, with long stout bristles; head white,
+silvery, with white hairs behind and beneath, frontalia deep black,
+widening slightly to the face, facialia without bristles, epistoma not
+prominent; eyes bare; palpi ferruginous at the tips; antennę extending
+to the epistoma, third joint slightly widening towards the tip, nearly
+four times the length of the second, arista slender, very much longer
+than the third joint; pectus and sides of the thorax hoary, hind border
+of the scutellum ferruginous; abdomen fusiform, much longer than the
+thorax, with a broad slightly interrupted white band on the fore border
+of each segment, sides of the second and third segments slightly
+ferruginous; wings grey, veins black bordered with brown, prębrachial
+vein forming a slightly acute angle at its flexure, near which it is
+much curved inward, and is thence straight to its tip, discal transverse
+vein curved inward, parted by less than its length from the border, and
+by rather more than half its length from the flexure of the prębrachial;
+alulę white; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 6 lines; of the
+wings 12 lines.
+
+81. MASICERA? TENTATA, n. s. Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa, capite argenteo
+frontalibus atris, antennarum articulo tertio basi rufo, thorace
+quadrivittato, abdomine?, pedibus longiusculis, alis nigricantibus
+postice cinereis.
+
+Black, with cinereous tomentum and with moderately stout bristles. Head
+silvery with white hairs behind and beneath, frontalia deep black,
+slightly widening towards the face, facialia without bristles, epistoma
+not prominent; antennę extending nearly to the epistoma; third joint
+cinereous, slender, linear, red towards the base, rounded at the tip,
+more than four times the length of the second; arista slender, much
+longer than the third joint; thorax with four slender black stripes;
+scutellum not cinereous; abdomen wanting; legs rather long and slender;
+wings blackish, cinereous hindward and at the tips, veins black,
+prębrachial vein forming a very obtuse angle at its flexure, from whence
+it is almost straight to its tip, discal transverse vein slightly
+undulating, parted by much less than its length from the border, and by
+a little less than its length from the flexure of the prębrachial; alulę
+large, yellowish white; halteres piceous. Length of the body 4? lines;
+of the wings 7 lines.
+
+82. MASICERA SOLENNIS, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, breviuscula,
+cinereo-tomentosa, capite albo, frontalibus atris, thorace
+quadrivittato, scutelli margine postico ferrugineo, abdomine
+subtessellato, alis cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Black, rather short, with cinereous tomentum. Head white, with
+white hairs behind and beneath, frontalia deep black, widening towards
+the face, facialia without bristles, epistoma not prominent; eyes bare;
+antennę almost reaching the epistoma, third joint cinereous, linear,
+rounded at the tip, more than four times the length of of the second,
+arista slightly stout towards the base, much longer than the third
+joint; thorax with four slender black stripes; scutellum ferruginous
+along the hind border; abdomen short-conical, with three broad
+interrupted cinereous bands; legs rather short; wings grey, veins black,
+prębrachial vein forming a slightly obtuse angle at its flexure, from
+whence it is almost straight to its tip, discal transverse vein nearly
+straight, parted by much less than its length from the border and by a
+little less than its length from the flexure of the prębrachial; alulę
+cinereous. Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+83. MASICERA SIMPLEX, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, capite albo, frontalibus
+atris, thorace cinereo-tomentoso quadrivittato, abdomine fasciis
+cinereis late interruptis, alis cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Black, with stout bristles. Head white, with white hairs
+beneath, frontalia deep black, linear, face oblique, facialia without
+bristles, epistoma not prominent; eyes bare; antennę almost reaching the
+epistoma, third joint cinereous, linear, rather broad, almost truncated
+at the tip, about four times the length of the second, arista slender,
+very much longer than the third joint; thorax and pectus with cinereous
+tomentum, the former with four slender black stripes; abdomen shining,
+subelliptical, a little longer than the thorax, with a widely
+interrupted cinereous band on the fore border of each segment; legs
+stout; wings cinereous; veins black; prębrachial vein forming a very
+obtuse angle at its flexure, from whence it is straight to its tip,
+discal transverse vein almost straight, parted by hardly less than its
+length from the border, and by very much more than its length from the
+flexure of the prębrachial; alulę white. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines;
+of the wings 6 lines.
+
+84. MASICERA GUTTATA, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, capite albo, frontalibus
+atris, thoracis vittis tribus pectoreque cinereis, abdomine guttis
+lateralibus albis, alis cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Black, with short slight bristles. Head white, frontalia deep
+black, widening slightly towards the epistoma, face oblique, facialia
+without bristles, epistoma not prominent; antennę reaching the epistoma,
+third joint linear, slightly truncated at the tip, full four times the
+length of the second, arista slender; thorax with three cinereous
+stripes; pectus cinereous; abdomen elongate-oval, a little longer than
+the thorax, a row of white dots along each side on the fore borders of
+the segments; wings cinereous, a little darker along the costa towards
+the base, veins black, prębrachial vein forming a very obtuse angle at
+its flexure, from whence it is almost straight to its tips; discal
+transverse vein straight, parted by more than its length from the border
+and by nearly twice its length from the flexure of the prębrachial;
+alulę whitish. Length of the body 2-1/2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.
+
+Gen. EURYGASTER, _Macq._
+
+85. EURYGASTER TENTANS, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, latiuscula, cinereo
+tomentosa, capite albo, frontalibus atris, thorace vittis quatuor
+nigris, scutelli margine postico ferrugineo, abdomine subtessellato,
+alis cinereis apud costam subfuscis.
+
+_Female._ Black, rather broad, with cinereous tomentum. Head white, with
+white hairs behind and beneath, frontalia deep black, narrow, widening
+towards the face, which is oblique, facialia with bristles along more
+than one-third of the length from the frontalia, epistoma not prominent;
+eyes pubescent, palpi ferruginous; antennę extending to the epistoma,
+third joint cinereous, hardly widening from the base to the tip, which
+is somewhat truncated, arista slender, very much longer than the third
+joint; thorax with four indistinct black stripes; scutellum ferruginous
+hindward; abdomen conical, not longer than the thorax, with three broad,
+slightly interrupted, cinereous bands, second segment indistinctly
+ferruginous on each side; legs stout; wings grey, slightly brownish in
+front, veins black, testaceous towards the base, prębrachial vein
+forming an obtuse angle at its flexure, hardly curved inward from thence
+to its tip, discal transverse vein very slightly undulating, parted by
+much less than its length from the border and from the flexure of the
+prębrachial; alulę whitish. Length of the body 4-1/2 lines; of the wings
+8 lines.
+
+86. EURYGASTER DECIPIENS, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, aureo-tomentosa, capite
+antico argenteo frontalibus atris, antennis ferrugineis, thorace vittis
+quatuor nigris, abdomine fulvo subtessellato vitta basali nigra, pedibus
+fulvis, alis cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Black, stout, with gilded tomentum. Head silvery white in
+front and beneath, frontalia deep black, widening slightly towards the
+upright face, the bristles on each side hardly extending to the
+facialia, epistoma not prominent; eyes bare; antennę ferruginous,
+extending to the epistoma, third joint linear, somewhat truncated at the
+tip, more than four times the length of the second joint, arista
+slender, much longer than the third joint; thorax with numerous long
+bristles, with four slight black stripes; pectus cinereous; abdomen
+tawny, conical, not longer than the thorax, with short stout bristles,
+and with three broad, slightly gilded, somewhat interrupted bands, a
+short black stripe at the base; legs tawny, stout, tibię darker than the
+femora, tarsi piceous; wings grey, somewhat darker in front, veins
+black, prębrachial vein forming a right angle at its flexure, near which
+it is much curved inward, discal transverse vein nearly straight, parted
+by more than half its length from the border, and by a little less than
+its length from the flexure of the prębrachial; alulę slightly
+cinereous. Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7 lines.
+
+87. EURYGASTER PHASIOĻDES, n. s. _Mas._ Nigra, cano-tomentosa, capite
+albo frontalibus atris, antennis, scutello, abdomine femoribusque
+fulvis, abdomine fasciis duabus posticis albidis vittaque nigra, alis
+cinereis basi albis, costa plagaque nigricantibus.
+
+_Male._ Black, with hoary tomentum. Head white, frontalia deep black,
+widening towards the upright face, facialia with bristles along more
+than half the length from the epistoma, which is not prominent; eyes
+bare; palpi testaceous; antennę tawny, extending to the epistoma, third
+joint linear, slightly rounded at the tip, more than four times the
+length of the second joint, arista slender, much longer than the third
+joint; thorax with four very slender black stripes; abdomen tawny,
+short-oval, not longer than the thorax, with a black stripe which does
+not extend to the tip, third and fourth segments with a white band along
+each fore border; legs very stout, femora tawny; wings cinereous, white
+and with testaceous veins at the base, blackish along the costa, and
+with a broad black band which is abbreviated hindward, prębrachial vein
+forming an obtuse angle at its flexure, from whence it is very slightly
+curved inward to its tip, discal transverse vein nearly straight, parted
+by much less than its length from the border, and by hardly less than
+its length from the flexure of the prębrachial; alulę whitish. Length of
+the body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings 6 lines.
+
+Subfam. DEXIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. RUTILIA, _Desv._
+
+88. Rutilia plumicornis, _Guérin, Macq. Dipt. Exot._ 11. 3. 82. 3. Pl.
+9. f. 8.
+
+Inhabits also Offak, New Guinea.
+
+89. RUTILIA ANGUSTIPENNIS, n. s. _Foem._ Nigro-viridis, capite cinereo
+frontalibus atris, thoracis lateribus subpurpurascentibus, scutello
+purpureo, abdomine viridi basi purpureo, tibiis ferrugineis, alis
+angustis lanceolatis obscure fuscis basi nigris.
+
+_Female._ Blackish-green. Head cinereous, frontalia deep black, widening
+much towards the face, epistoma very prominent, arista stout, bare;
+thorax with almost obsolete stripes, purplish along each side; scutellum
+mostly purple; abdomen dark green, purple at the base; legs black, tibię
+ferruginous; wings narrow, lanceolate, dark brown, black towards the
+base, prębrachial vein forming a much rounded angle at its flexure, near
+which it is slightly curved inward, and is thence straight to its tip,
+discal transverse vein very slightly undulating, parted by less than
+half its length from the border, and by much more than half its length
+from the flexure of the prębrachial; alulę dark brownish cinereous.
+Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 16 lines.
+
+Gen. DEXIA, _Meigen._
+
+90. DEXIA PECTORALIS, n. s. _Foem._ Testacea, capite pectoreque albis
+frontalibus atris, antennis fulvis, thorace cinereo vittis quatuor
+nigris, abdomine fulvo apicem versus spinoso fasciis duabus nigris,
+pedibus longis tibiis tarsisque nigris, alis cinereis venis subfusco
+late marginatis.
+
+_Female._ Testaceous. Head white, frontalia deep black, widening towards
+the face, facialia without bristles, epistoma prominent; antennę tawny,
+not reaching the epistoma, third joint of the antennę long, linear,
+arista plumose; thorax cinereous, with four black stripes, of which the
+inner pair are much narrower than the outer pair; scutellum tawny
+hindward; pectus white; abdomen tawny, with a few spines towards the
+tip, hind borders of the third and fourth segments and tips black; legs
+long, black, coxę and femora testaceous; wings grey, veins very broadly
+bordered with pale brown, prębrachial vein forming a slightly obtuse
+angle at its flexure, between which and its tip it is slightly curved
+inward, discal transverse vein undulating, parted by about half its
+length from the border, and by a little less than its length from the
+flexure of the prębrachial; alulę cinereous. Length of the body 4 lines;
+of the wings 9 lines.
+
+Gen. PROSENA, _St.-Farg._
+
+91. PROSENA ARGENTATA, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Testacea (mas) aut nigra
+(foem.), capite thoraceque argenteis, antennis fulvis, abdomine longo
+fasciis vittaque nigris (mas) aut breviore fasciis cinereis lateribusque
+basi testaceis (foem.), pedibus nigris femoribus testaceis, alis
+subfuscescentibus (mas) aut cinereis (foem.).
+
+_Male and Female._ Head and thorax with bright silvery tomentum,
+facialia without bristles, epistoma slightly prominent; eyes bare; mouth
+black, testaceous towards the base, full as long as the thorax; antennę
+tawny, not reaching the epistoma, arista plumose; legs black, coxę and
+femora testaceous; wings grey, veins black. _Male._ Testaceous. Pectus
+mostly white; abdomen elongate-conical, with slight whitish reflexions,
+dorsal stripe and hind borders of the segments black; legs long; wings
+brownish towards the costa and about the veins, prębrachial vein forming
+a slightly obtuse angle at its flexure, between which and its tip it is
+very slightly curved inward, discal transverse vein hardly undulating,
+parted by less than half its length from the border, and by less than
+its length from the flexure of the prębrachial. Length of the body 5
+lines; of the wings 10 lines. _Female_. Black. Pectus silvery; scutellum
+deep black; abdomen conical, with broad cinereous bands, first and
+second segments with broad interrupted testaceous bands, a testaceous
+mark on each side of the third segment at the base; legs rather long,
+femora with black tips; prębrachial vein forming a right angle at its
+flexure, curved inward from thence to its tip, discal transverse vein
+curved inward near its hind end, parted by less than its length from the
+border and from the flexure of the prębrachial. Length of the body 3-1/2
+lines; of the wings 7 lines.
+
+Subfam. SARCOPHAGIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. SARCOPHAGA, _Meigen._
+
+92. SARCOPHAGA COMPTA, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa, capite
+aurato subtus fulvo piloso, thorace vittis tribus nigris, abdomine
+tessellato, alis obscure cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Black, with cinereous tomentum. Head gilded in front, clothed
+behind and beneath with tawny hairs, frontalia deep black, hardly
+widening towards the face; thorax with three black very distinctly
+marked stripes, the middle one dilated on the scutellum; abdomen
+distinctly tessellated with six large cinereous excavated spots; wings
+grey, prębrachial vein forming a right angle at its flexure, near which
+it is much curved inward, and is thence straight to its tip, discal
+transverse vein hardly undulating, parted by much less than its length
+from the border, and by little more than half its length from the
+flexure of the prębrachial; alulę white. Length of the body 5 lines; of
+the wings 10 lines.
+
+93. SARCOPHAGA INVARIA, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa,
+capite _maris_ albo, thorace vittis quinque nigris, abdomine tessellato,
+alis cinereis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Black, with cinereous tomentum. Thorax with five
+black stripes, the lateral pair incomplete; abdomen distinctly
+tessellated, the spots being much excavated; wings grey, prębrachial
+vein forming a right angle at its flexure, near which it is much curved
+inward, and is thence straight to its tip, discal transverse vein hardly
+undulating, parted by much less than its length from the border, and by
+rather more than half its length from the flexure of the prębrachial;
+alulę white. _Male_. Head silvery white, frontalia deep black, linear;
+tomentum of the thorax and of the abdomen more whitish than that of the
+female. _Female_. Frontalia slightly widening towards the face. Length
+of the body 4--4-1/2 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+Subfam. MUSCIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. IDIA, _Meigen._
+
+94. Idia australis, _Walk. Cat. Dipt._ pt. 4. 809.
+
+Inhabits also Australia.
+
+95. IDIA ĘQUALIS, n. s. _Foem._ Ęnea, capite subtuberculato, thoracis
+lateribus pectoreque albido-testaceis lineis duabus lateralibus ęneis,
+abdomine fulvo fasciis tribus ęneis, pedibus testaccis tibiis apice
+femoribusque ęneis, alis cinereis apice nigricantibus.
+
+_Female._ Ęneous-whitish, testaceous beneath. Head with minute tubercles
+on each side of the front, frontalia piceous, linear; thorax with an
+ęneous stripe on each side in a line with the base of the wings, and
+with numerous points between these lines and the disk; abdomen pale
+tawny, with three ęneous bands on the hind borders of the segments; legs
+testaceous, tibię towards the tips and femora ęneous; wings greyish,
+with blackish tips, prębrachial vein forming an obtuse and much-rounded
+angle at its flexure, from whence it is almost straight to its tip,
+discal transverse vein parted by about half its length from the border
+and by about its length from the flexure of the prębrachial; alulę very
+slightly cinereous; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines;
+of the wings 6 lines.
+
+Gen. MUSCA, _Linn._
+
+96. MUSCA GLORIOSA, n. s. (genus Silbomyia, _Macq._) _Foem._
+Cyaneo-viridis, capite lętissime aurato frontalibus atris, antennis
+pedibusque nigris, thorace vittis quatuor cupreis, pectore maculis
+quatuor albis, abdomine viridi-cyaneo, vitta tenui purpurea, alis
+cinereis apud costam nigris, alulis albis.
+
+_Female._ Golden green. Head brilliantly gilded, frontalia deep black,
+widening towards the face; a brilliantly-gilded lanceolate streak
+between the antennę, which are black; epistoma piceous, slightly
+prominent; thorax with four cupreous stripes; pectus with four white
+tomentose spots; abdomen greenish blue with a very slender purple
+stripe; legs black, femora blackish green; wings grey, black for full
+one-third of the breadth from the costa, prębrachial vein forming a very
+obtuse angle at its flexure, from whence it is nearly straight to its
+tip, discal transverse vein very slightly undulating, parted by less
+than half its length from the border, and by more than half its length
+from the flexure of the prębrachial; alulę pure white. Length of the
+body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines.
+
+97. MUSCA OPULENTA, N. S. (genus Silbomyia, _Macq._) _Foem._
+Aureo-viridis, Capite Aurato, Frontalibus atris, antennis piceis,
+thorace vittis quatuor subobsoletis cupreis, pectore maculis duabus
+albis, alis cinereis apud costam nigris, alulis albis.
+
+_Female._ Golden green. Head brightly gilded, frontalia deep black,
+linear, epistoma piceous, slightly prominent; antennę piceous; thorax
+with four almost obsolete cupreous stripes; pectus with a spot of white
+tomentum on each side; abdomen with a very indistinct cupreous stripe;
+tibię and tarsi black; wings grey, black along the costa, prębrachial
+vein forming a right angle at its flexure, near which it is slightly
+curved inward, and is thence straight to its tip, discal transverse vein
+undulating, parted by more than half its length from the border and from
+the flexure of the prębrachial; alulę white. Length of the body 4-1/2
+lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+98. MUSCA MACULARIS, n. s. (genus Chrysomyia? _Desv._) _Mas et Foem._
+Aureo-viridis, capite argenteo antice aurato frontalibus atris, antennis
+pedibusque nigris, thorace vittis tribus cupreis vix conspicuis,
+scutello cyaneo, pectore maculis quatuor lateralibus albo tomentosis,
+abdomine viridi-cyaneo maculis quatuor lateralibus albis, alis cinereis
+basi nigricantibus, alulis nigricantibus.
+
+_Male and Female._ Golden green. Head brightly gilded, white behind;
+antennę, tibię, and tarsi black; thorax with three indistinct cupreous
+stripes; scutellum blue; pectus with two white tomentose spots on each
+side; abdomen greenish blue with two transverse white spots on each
+side; femora blackish-green; wings grey, blackish at the base,
+prębrachial vein forming a slightly obtuse angle at its flexure, nearly
+straight from thence to its tip, discal transverse vein curved outward
+towards its fore end, parted by about half its length from the border,
+and by much less than its length from the flexure of the prębrachial;
+alulę blackish. _Female._ Head with a silvery white vertex, frontalia
+deep black, linear. Length of the body 56 lines; of the wings 10-12
+lines.
+
+99. MUSCA MARGINIFERA, n. s. (genus Lucilia, _Desv._) _Foem._
+Viridi-cyanea, capite albido frontalibus atris, antennis pedibusque
+nigris, abdominis segmentis purpureo marginatis, alis cinereis basi
+subnigricantibus, alulis cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Greenish-blue. Head whitish, frontalia deep black, linear,
+face and third joint of the antennę cinereous; abdomen with a purple
+band on the hind border of each segment; legs black; wings grey, almost
+blackish at the base, prębrachial vein forming a hardly obtuse angle at
+its flexure, between which and its tip it is hardly curved inward,
+discal transverse vein nearly straight, parted by about half its length
+from the border, and by more than half its length from the flexure of
+the prębrachial; alulę cinereous. Length of the body 4-1/2 lines; of the
+wings 9 lines.
+
+100. MUSCA BENEDICTA, n. s. (genus Pyrellia, _Desv._) _Mas._
+Aureo-viridis, capite albo, antennis pedibusque nigris, alis cinereis
+basi subluridis venis basi fulvis, alulis testaceo-cinereis. _Var._?
+Abdominis apice purpureo.
+
+_Male._ Golden green. Head white in front; antennę and legs black; wings
+cinereous, slightly lurid towards the base, veins tawny towards the
+base, prębrachial vein curved at the flexure, almost straight from
+thence to the tip, discal transverse vein slightly undulating, parted by
+full half its length from the border, and by little less than its length
+from the flexure of the prębrachial; alulę cinereous with a testaceous
+tinge. _Var._? or a distinct species: darker; abdomen purple at the tip.
+Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines.
+
+101. MUSCA OBTRUSA, n. s. (genus Pyrellia, _Desv._) _Mas et Foem._
+Purpureo-cyanea, antennis pedibusque nigris, alis cinereis, alulis
+obscurioribus.
+
+Very nearly allied to _M. refixa_ and to _M. perfixa_, but differing
+slightly in the veins of the wings. _Male and Female._ Blue, more or
+less mingled with purple. Head black, slightly cinereous in front;
+antennę and legs black; wings grey, veins black, prębrachial vein
+forming an almost angular curve at its flexure, nearly straight from
+thence to its tip, discal transverse vein very slightly undulating,
+parted by little more than half its length from the border, and by about
+its length from the flexure of the prębrachial; alulę dark cinereous.
+Length of the body 2-1/2--3 lines; of the wings 5-6 lines.
+
+102. Musca domestica, _Linn._ See Vol. I. p. 128.
+
+103. MUSCA OBSCURATA, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, subcinerascens, capite
+postico albo, thorace vittis quatuor angustis nigris, abdomine
+tessellato, alis obscure cinereis apud costam nigricantibus, alulis
+testaceo-cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Black, slightly covered with cinereous tomentum. Head white
+behind; thorax with four slender black stripes; abdomen distinctly
+tessellated with four rows of cinereous reflecting spots; wings very
+dark grey, blackish towards the costa, prębrachial vein forming a
+somewhat rounded and very slightly obtuse angle at its flexure, hardly
+curved inward from thence to its tip, discal transverse vein slightly
+undulating, parted by less than half its length from the body, and by
+more than half its length from the flexure of the prębrachial; alulę
+cinereous, with a testaceous tinge. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines; of
+the wings 7 lines.
+
+104. MUSCA PATIENS, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa, frontalibus
+antennisque piceis, thorace vittis quatuor tenuissimis nigris, abdomine
+tessellato, alis cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Black, with cinereous tomentum. Head whitish behind, frontalia
+piceous, linear; antennę piceous; thorax with four very slender black
+stripes; abdomen tessellated; wings grey, veins black, prębrachial vein
+forming an obtuse and somewhat rounded angle at its flexure, from whence
+it is hardly curved inward to its tip, discal transverse vein
+undulating, parted by less than half its length from the border, and by
+more than half its length from the flexure of the prębrachial; alulę
+slightly cinereous, with testaceous borders. Length of the body 3 lines;
+of the wings 6 lines.
+
+105. MUSCA ERISTALOĻDES, n. s. (genus Pollenia? _Desv._) _Mas et Foem._
+Aureo tomentosa, crassa, subtus testacea, capite antico albo frontalibus
+antice rufis, antennis piceis basi rufis, thorace vittis tribus
+abbreviatis fulvis, scutello cyaneo, abdomine cyaneo basi fasciisque
+duabus albis, pedibus fulvis, tibiis tarsisque nigris, alis cinereis
+apud costam fuscescentibus. _Var. mas._ Minor, thorace vittis tribus
+nigris.
+
+_Male and Female._ Body thick; head white; frontalia of the female
+piceous, linear, red in front; epistoma prominent; proboscis long; palpi
+whitish; antennę piceous, red at the base; thorax with gilded tomentum,
+and with three tawny bands which are abbreviated hindward, scutellum
+blue; pectus testaceous; abdomen blue, white at the base and with two
+white bands on the 3rd and 4th segments, 1st segment with a transverse
+blue spot on each side; legs tawny, tibię and tarsi black; wings grey,
+blackish along the exterior part of the costa, prębrachial vein forming
+a right but rounded angle at its flexure, near which it is curved inward
+and is thence straight to its tip, discal transverse vein slightly
+undulating, parted by a little more than half its length from the
+border, and by much more than half its length from the flexure of the
+prębrachial; alulę testaceous. _Var. Male._ Smaller; thorax with three
+black stripes; abdomen with only one white band, which is on the 4th
+segment. Length of the body 4-5 lines; of the wings 8-10 lines.
+
+Gen. BENGALIA, _Desv._
+
+106. BENGALIA SPISSA, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Fulva, capite nigro antice
+albo, antennis testaceis, pectore fasciis duabus obliquis albidis,
+pedibus nigris femoribus basi coxisque fulvis, alis cinereis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Tawny. Head black, with silvery tomentum in front,
+epistoma not prominent; palpi black; antennę testaceous; pectus with an
+oblique whitish band on each side; legs black, femora towards the base
+and coxę tawny; wings grey, veins black, testaceous towards the base,
+prębrachial vein forming an obtuse and rounded angle at its flexure,
+which is very near the border of the wing, straight from thence to its
+tip, discal transverse vein straight, parted by much less than its
+length from the border, and by very much more than its length from the
+flexure of the prębrachial; alulę testaceous. Length of the body 3-1/2
+lines; of the wings 7 lines.
+
+Subfam. ANTHOMYIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. ARICIA, _Macq._
+
+107. ARICIA SIGNIFICANS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Fulva, subtus testacea,
+capite nigro argenteo-tomentoso, antennis testaceis, thorace vittis
+tribus albidis, abdominis apice piceo, alis cinereis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Tawny, testaceous beneath. Head black, with silvery
+tomentum, vertex much broader in the female than in the male; palpi
+tawny; antennę testaceous; thorax with three whitish stripes in the
+disk, and with one on each side; abdomen piceous at the tip; tarsi
+blackish towards the tips; wings cinereous, veins black, tawny towards
+the base, discal transverse vein hardly undulating, parted by more than
+its length from the prębrachial transverse, and by less than its length
+from the border; alulę pale cinereous, with testaceous borders. Length
+of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7 lines.
+
+108. ARICIA CANIVITTA, n. s. _Foem._ Fulva, subtus testacea, capite
+nigro, facie argentea, palpis antennisque testaceis, thoracis disco,
+abdominis plagis duabus trigonis pedibusque nigris, thorace vitta cana,
+alis cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Tawny, testaceous beneath. Head black, face silvery; palpi and
+antennę testaceous; disk of the thorax blackish, with a broad hoary
+stripe; disk of the scutellum piceous; second and third segments of the
+abdomen with triangular black bands; legs black, coxę and trochanters
+testaceous; wings grey, veins black, discal transverse vein hardly
+curved inward, parted by more than half its length from the border, and
+by a little less than its length from the prębrachial transverse; alulę
+pale cinereous, with testaceous borders. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines,
+of the wings 7 lines.
+
+Gen. ANTHOMYIA, _Meigen._
+
+109. ANTHOMYIA PROCELLARIA, n. s. _Mas._ Nigra, subtus albida, capite
+argenteo, thorace fasciis duabus (prima interrupta) albis, abdomine
+vitta tenui fasciisque interruptis albidis, alis cinereis, halteribus
+testaceis.
+
+Nearly allied to _A. pluvialis_ and to _A. tonitrui. Male._ Black,
+whitish beneath. Head silvery; thorax with two whitish bands, the first
+interrupted in the middle, widened on each side; scutellum elongate;
+abdomen with a slender whitish stripe, and with interrupted whitish
+bands, which are widened on each side; wings grey, veins black, discal
+transverse vein nearly straight, parted by less than half its length
+from the border and by hardly less than its length from the prębrachial
+transverse; alulę grey, with testaceous borders; halteres testaceous.
+Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines.
+
+Gen. CĘNOSIA, _Meigen._
+
+110. CĘNOSIA LUTEICORNIS, n. s. _Mas._ Cana, capite antennisque pallide
+luteis, abdomine basi testaceo maculis octo nigris, pedibus
+halteribusque testaceis, alis sublimpidis apice nigris.
+
+_Male._ Hoary. Head pale luteous, frontalia darker, widening towards the
+face; palpi white; antennę pale luteous, extending to the epistoma,
+third joint long, slender, linear, arista plumose for half the length
+from the base; abdomen testaceous towards the base, with four dorsal
+black spots and with two black spots on each side towards the tip; legs
+testaceous; wings nearly limpid, with a black apical spot, discal
+transverse vein nearly straight, parted by less than its length from the
+border and by very much more than its length from the prębrachial
+transverse; alulę white; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 3
+lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+Subfam. HELOMYZIDES, _Fallen._
+
+Gen. COELOPA, _Meigen._
+
+111. COELOPA INCONSPICUA, n. s. _Foem._ Cinerea, antennis piceis,
+pectore antico, abdomine pedibusque fulvis, his nigro variis, alis
+cinereis, halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Cinereous, flat. Antennę piceous; fore part of the pectus,
+abdomen and legs tawny, the latter with diffuse blackish bands; wings
+grey, veins black, with the usual structure, tawny towards the base;
+halteres testaceous. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 3-1/2
+lines.
+
+Gen. XARNUTA, _Walk._
+
+112. Xarnuta leucotelus, _Walk._ See Vol. I. p. 28.
+
+Gen. HELOMYZA, _Fallen_.
+
+113. HELOMYZA PICIPES, n. s. _Foem._ Fulva, capite, antennis
+femoribusque nigris, abdominis segmentis nigro marginatis, tibiis
+tarsisque piceis, alis cinereis apud costam luridis vena discali
+transversa fusco subnebulosa, halteribus testaceis. _Var._ Thoracis
+vitta lata abdomineque piceis.
+
+_Female._ Tawny. Head and antennę black, arista plumose; thorax with two
+slender, darker, almost obsolete stripes; hind borders of the abdominal
+segments black; legs piceous, femora black, coxę tawny; wings grey, with
+a lurid tinge towards the costa, discal transverse vein straight,
+slightly clouded with brown, parted by about half its length from the
+border, and by more than twice its length from the prębrachial
+transverse; halteres testaceous. _Var._ Thorax with a broad piceous
+stripe; abdomen piceous. Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6
+lines.
+
+114. HELOMYZA ATRIPENNIS, n. s. _Mas._ Fulva, scutello nigro, pectore
+piceo, abdomine ferrugineo, alis nigris postice cinereis.
+
+_Male._ Tawny. Antennę pale tawny, arista plumose; thorax with two
+slender, darker, almost obsolete stripes; scutellum black; pectus
+piceous; abdomen ferruginous; wings black, cinereous along the hind
+border for more than half its length from the base, veins as in the
+preceding species. Length of the body 2-1/2 lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+115. HELOMYZA RESTITUTA, n. s. _Foem_. Testacea, abdomine punctis sex
+nigris, alis cinereis apice nigricantibus venis transversis nigricante
+nebulosis.
+
+_Female._ Testaceous. Third, fourth, and fifth segments of the abdomen
+with two black points on each fore border; wings grey, with a slight
+lurid tinge towards the costa, blackish at the tips, transverse veins
+clouded with blackish, veins with the usual structure. Length of the
+body 2-1/2 lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+Gen. DRYOMYZA, _Fallen._
+
+116. DRYOMYZA SEMICYANEA, n. s. _Foem._ Ferruginea, vertice piceo,
+antennis fulvis, thorace cyanescente, abdomine cyaneo basi ferrugineo,
+pedibus testaceis, alis subcinereis apud costam luridis.
+
+_Female._ Ferruginous. Vertex piceous, face slightly covered with
+whitish tomentum; antennę tawny, arista very minutely pubescent; thorax
+tinged with blue; abdomen blue, tawny at the base; legs testaceous;
+wings greyish, lurid along the costa, veins tawny, prębrachial vein
+forming a very slight angle where it joins the discal transverse, with a
+slight curve from thence to its tip, prębrachial transverse stout,
+slightly clouded, discal transverse straight, upright, parted by much
+less than half its length from the border and by a little more than its
+length from the prębrachial transverse; halteres testaceous. Length of
+the body 3-1/2--4-1/2 lines; of the wings 7-9 lines.
+
+Gen. SEPEDON, _Latr._
+
+117. SEPEDON COSTALIS, n. s. _Mas._ Cinerea, capite testaceo guttis
+quatuor nigris, antennis nigris basi testaceis arista alba, abdomine
+pedibusque fulvis femoribus posticis denticulatis, alis
+fuscescenti-cinereis, costa testacea.
+
+_Male._ Cinereous. Head testaceous, with a black dot on each side above
+and two more towards the mouth; antennę black, testaceous at the base,
+second joint very long, arista white; thorax with four slender
+indistinct darker lines, pectus hoary; abdomen and legs tawny, tarsi
+piceous, hind femora denticulated; wings brownish cinereous, slightly
+testaceous along the costa; halteres testaceous. Length of the body
+4-1/2 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+Subfam. LAUXANIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. LAUXANIA, _Latr._
+
+118. LAUXANIA DUPLICANS, n. s. _Foem._ Nigro-cyanea, antennis piceis,
+articulo tertio longissimo, tarsis basi albidis, tibiis intermediis
+sordide albidis, alis limpidis.
+
+_Female._ Blackish-blue, shining. Antennę piceous, third joint very
+long, reddish beneath, arista bare; legs black, tarsi whitish towards
+the base, middle tibię dingy whitish; wings limpid, veins pale, discal
+transverse vein white, parted by a little less than its length from the
+border and by nearly twice its length from the prębrachial transverse;
+halteres white. Length of the body 2--2-1/2 lines; of the wings 3-4
+lines.
+
+119. LAUXANIA MINUENS, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, nitens, antennis longis
+arista nuda, tarsis albidis, alis sublimpidis, halteribus albis.
+
+_Female._ Black, shining. Third joint of the antennę long, arista bare;
+tarsi whitish; wings very slightly greyish, veins pale, of the usual
+structure; halteres white. Length of the body 1-1/4 line; of the wings
+2-1/2 lines.
+
+Gen. LONCHĘA, _Fallen._
+
+120. LONCHĘA? INOPS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Nigra, nitens, antennis piceis
+arista plumosa, scutello ferrugineo, tibiis, tarsis halteribusque
+fulvis, alis subcinereis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Black, shining. Antennę piceous, third joint short,
+arista plumose; scutellum somewhat ferruginous; tibię;, tarsi, and
+halteres tawny; wings slightly greyish, veins pale, discal transverse
+vein parted by much less than its length from the border and by nearly
+twice its length from the flexure of the prębrachial. Length of the body
+1-1/2 line; of the wings 3 lines.
+
+Subfam. ORTALIDES, _Haliday._
+
+Gen. LAMPROGASTER, _Macq._
+
+121. LAMPROGASTER QUADRILINEA, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Cyaneo-viridis;
+capite pedibusque nigris; antennis piceis, basi rufis; thorace vittis
+quatuor albidis; abdomine purpureo-cyaneo; alis limpidis, litura basali,
+fasciis duabus (prima abbreviata, secunda interrupta) strigaque costali
+apicali nigris.
+
+_Male and Female._ Bluish green. Head black; proboscis red at the tip;
+antennę piceous, red at the base; thorax with two whitish stripes on
+each side; abdomen purplish blue; legs black, tarsi with pale tomentum
+towards the base; wings limpid, two black streaks, one basal including a
+limpid dot, the other apical, first band oblique, extending from the
+costa to the disk, second widely interrupted in the middle, its hind
+part occupying the discal transverse vein; veins black, testaceous along
+the costa; prębrachial vein forming a slight angle at its junction with
+the discal transverse, the latter parted by not more than one-fourth of
+its length from the border, and by more than its length from the
+prębrachial transverse. Length of the body 3-1/2--4-1/2 lines; of the
+wings 7-9 lines.
+
+122. LAMPROGASTER MARGINIFERA, n. s. _Foem._ Testacea; capite maculis
+duabus fasciaque nigro-ęneis; thoracis disco nigro-ęneo, vittis tribus
+testaceis, vittis duabus lateralibus albidis, scutelli margine testaceo;
+abdominis dorso nigro-ęneo; alis limpidis, fasciis plurimis fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Testaceous. Head with two blackish ęneous spots on the vertex,
+and with a blackish ęneous band in front; mouth and antennę tawny; disk
+of the thorax blackish ęneous, with three testaceous stripes which are
+united in front, the middle one slender, the lateral pair united on the
+border of the scutellum, a whitish stripe on each side; abdomen blackish
+ęneous above; wings limpid, with eight or nine irregular brown bands;
+veins black, testaceous along the costa; discal transverse vein parted
+by much less than its length from the border, and by about its length
+from the prębrachial transverse. Length of the body 4 lines; of the
+wings 9 lines.
+
+123. LAMPROGASTER DELECTANS, n. s. _Foem._ Ferruginea; capite testaceo,
+postice albido, vertice luteo fasciis duabus nigris, vittis quatuor
+anticis antennisque nigris; thorace vittis septem et metathoracis fascia
+albidis; abdomine cyaneo-viridi, basi discoque fulvis; pedibus
+nigricantibus, femoribus testaceis apice nigris; alis sublimpidis,
+costa, striga obliqua subcostali guttaque marginali nigricantibus.
+
+_Female._ Ferruginous. Head testaceous, whitish behind; vertex luteous,
+blackish in front and behind; fore part with four blackish stripes;
+antennę blackish; thorax with seven whitish stripes, the middle one
+broad, the inner pair very slender, the second pair broad, the third
+pair lateral; abdomen bluish green, slightly varied with purple, base
+and fore part of the disk tawny; legs blackish; femora testaceous, with
+black tips; wings nearly limpid, with a slight lurid tinge in the discal
+areolet, blackish along the costa, and with a blackish oblique streak
+which extends from the costa along the prębrachial transverse vein; a
+blackish dot on the hind end of the discal transverse vein; veins black,
+discal transverse vein parted by about one-fourth of its length from the
+border, and by a little more than its length from the prębrachial
+transverse which is very oblique; alulę white; halteres testaceous, with
+black knobs. Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 9 lines.
+
+124. LAMPROGASTER SCUTELLARIS, n. s. _Mas._ Subcinereo-nigra; oculis
+albido submarginatis; thorace vittis tribus cinereis, vittis duabus
+lateralibus, scutelli subquadrati margine, tibiis intermediis tarsisque
+albidis; alis nigricantibus, fasciis duabus integris duabusque
+macularibus incompletis albidis.
+
+_Male._ Black, with a slight cinereous tinge; eyes partly bordered with
+whitish; third joint of the antennę elongate-conical; arista plumose,
+the bristles few; thorax with three indistinct cinereous stripes, and
+with two whitish lateral stripes; scutellum nearly quadrate, with a
+whitish border; middle tibię, knees and tarsi whitish, the latter with
+black tips; wings blackish, whitish at the base, and with four whitish
+bands, first and third bands entire, second and fourth macular, very
+irregular and incomplete; veins black; discal transverse vein straight,
+parted by about one-fourth of its length from the border, and by hardly
+more than its length from the prębrachial transverse. Length of the body
+2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.
+
+This species has some resemblance to the genus _Platystoma_, and differs
+rather from the characters of _Lamprogaster_; it and the two following
+species, which are still more aberrant, will probably be considered as
+three new genera.
+
+125. LAMPROGASTER CELYPHOĻDES, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Atra, nitens,
+brevis, lata; capite, antennis pedibusque testaceis; abdomine
+nigro-cyaneo; alis limpidis, strigis transversis subcostalibus
+fuscescentibus.
+
+_Male and Female._ Deep black, shining, short, broad. Head testaceous,
+face transverse; antennę testaceous, third joint elongate-conical;
+arista bare; abdomen blackish blue, second segment very large, third and
+following not visible; legs testaceous; wings limpid, with four
+transverse pale brown subcostal streaks; discal transverse vein parted
+by less than half its length from the border, and by less than its
+length from the flexure of the prębrachial; halteres testaceous. Length
+of the body 2--2-1/2 lines; of the wings 4-1/2 lines.
+
+126. LAMPROGASTER TETYROĻDES, n. s. _Mas._ Atra, nitens, brevissima,
+latissima; capite transverso, subruguloso; thorace scitissime punctato;
+abdomine cyaneo; tarsis flavis; alis nigris albido punctatis apud
+marginem posticum obscure cinereis.
+
+_Male._ Deep black, shining, very short and broad. Head transverse,
+slightly rugulose; third joint of the antennę conical; arista thinly
+plumose; thorax very finely punctured; scutellum almost semicircular;
+abdomen blue, smooth; tarsi yellow; wings black, dark grey towards the
+hind border, with whitish points towards the costa; discal transverse
+vein parted by about its length from the border and by more than its
+length from the prębrachial transverse. Length of the body 2-1/2 lines;
+of the wings 5 lines.
+
+Gen. PLATYSTOMA, _Latr._
+
+127. PLATYSTOMA FUSIFACIES, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Cinerea; capite postice
+et apud oculos albo; vertice pallide luteo (mas) aut rufo (foem.); facie
+plana, fusiformi, subargentea; antennis piceis; thoracis vittis tribus
+pectoreque canis; abdomine conico punctis albis; alis limpidis, guttis
+transversis interioribus fasciisque exterioribus nigricantibus.
+
+_Male and Female._ Cinereous. Head white hindward and about the eyes,
+black and shining towards the mouth; vertex pale luteous in the male,
+red in the female; face flat, fusiform, somewhat silvery; antennę
+piceous, third joint long, slender, linear, arista plumose; thorax with
+three hoary stripes, the middle one much broader than the lateral pair;
+pectus hoary; abdomen conical, with numerous white points; wings limpid,
+with blackish dots towards the base, and with four exterior blackish
+bands, two of which are dilated towards the costa, and there contain
+some limpid dots; veins black, discal transverse vein straight, parted
+by about one-fourth of its length from the border, and by more than its
+length from the prębrachial transverse; halteres whitish. Length of the
+body 3-1/2-5 lines; of the wings 8-10 lines.
+
+128. PLATYSTOMA MULTIVITTA, n. s. _Mas._ Cinerea; capite postice et apud
+oculos albo, vertice luteo, facie et antennis fulvis; thoracis vittis
+octo pectoreque canis; abdominis segmentis cano fasciatis; ventre
+ferrugineo; pedibus nigris; alis limpidis, fasciis quatuor strigisque
+interioribus nigricantibus.
+
+_Male._ Cinereous. Head white behind and about the eyes, vertex luteous;
+face and antennę tawny, third joint of the latter long, slender, linear;
+arista very slightly plumose; thorax with eight hoary stripes; pectus
+hoary; abdomen with a hoary band on the fore border of each segment;
+legs black; wings limpid, with four blackish bands, and with some
+blackish marks nearer the base; two blackish streaks between the first
+and second bands; veins black; discal transverse vein straight, parted
+by one-fourth of its length from the border, and by very much more than
+its length from the prębrachial transverse; halteres black. Length of
+the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+Gen. DACUS, _Fabr_.
+
+129. DACUS EXPANDENS, n. s. _Foem._ Fulvus, latiusculus; antennarum
+articulo tertio piceo angusto lineari longissimo; abdomine vitta tenui
+nigricante; alis limpidis, costa vittaque postica fuscescentibus.
+
+_Female._ Tawny, rather broad, very slightly covered with hoary
+tomentum, which forms stripes on the thorax and indistinct bands on the
+abdomen; third joint of the antennę piceous, slender, linear, very long;
+arista bare; abdomen with a slender blackish stripe; wings limpid,
+brownish along the costa, and with a short oblique brownish stripe
+extending from the base to the interior border; veins black, discal
+transverse vein oblique, parted by full one-fourth of its length from
+the border, and by more than its length from the prębrachial transverse;
+halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+130. DACUS PECTORALIS, n. s. _Foem._ Cinereo-niger; capite fulvo, facie
+guttis duabus nigris; antennarum articulo tertio piceo angusto lineari
+longissimo; callis duabus humeralibus, fasciis duabus obliquis
+pectoralibus lateralibus, scutello tarsisque testaceis; thoracis vittis
+tribus abdominisque una canis; pedibus fulvis piceo cinctis; alis
+limpidis, costa vittaque postica fuscescentibus.
+
+_Female._ Black, slightly covered with cinereous tomentum. Head tawny,
+with two small black dots on the face; third joint of the antennę
+piceous, slender, linear, very long, arista bare; thorax with three
+indistinct hoary stripes; humeral calli, an oblique band on each side of
+the pectus, scutellum and tarsi, testaceous; abdomen with one hoary
+stripe; legs tawny, with diffuse piceous bands; wings limpid, brownish
+along the costa, and with a short oblique brownish stripe, extending
+from the base to the interior border; veins black; discal transverse
+vein parted by less than one-fourth of its length from the border, and
+by a little more than its length from the prębrachial transverse;
+halteres testaceous. Length of the body 3-3/4 lines; of the wings 7-1/2
+lines.
+
+131. DACUS LATIFASCIA, n. s. _Foem._ Niger; capite postice et apud
+oculos albido; antennarum articulo tertio vix longo; thoracis fascia,
+metathorace pectorisque fasciis duabus obliquis canis; abdomine cyaneo;
+femoribus albidis apice nigris; alis albo-limpidis, costa atra, fasciis
+duabus latissimis nigris; halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Black. Head whitish behind and about the eyes; third joint of
+the antennę linear, round at the tip, hardly long, arista plumose;
+thorax with a band on the hind border of the scutum; metathorax and an
+oblique band on each side of the pectus hoary; abdomen blue; coxę and
+femora whitish, the latter with black tips; wings limpid white, deep
+black along the costa, and with two very broad black bands; veins black;
+discal transverse vein very oblique, parted by about one-sixth of its
+length from the border, and by little more than half its length from the
+prębrachial transverse; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4 lines;
+of the wings 8 lines.
+
+132. DACUS MUTILLOĻDES, n. s. _Foem._ Rufescens; capite nigro, postice
+et apud oculos albo; antennarum articulo tertio angusto lineari
+longissimo; thoracis vittis tribus, pectoris fasciis duabus obliquis
+lateralibus abdominisque fasciis duabus (secunda interrupta) albis,
+abdominis dimidio postico nigro-ęneo; pedibus piceis; alis sublimpidis,
+costę apice venisque transversis nigro nebulosis; halteribus albidis.
+
+_Female_. Reddish. Head black, white behind and about the eyes and on
+the grooves of the face; antennę black, reddish at the base, third joint
+slender, linear, very long, arista bare, rather stout; thorax with three
+whitish stripes; pectus with a more distinct oblique white band on each
+side; metathorax whitish; abdomen ęneous, pubescent, finely punctured,
+reddish and slightly contracted towards the base, with two white bands,
+the second widely interrupted; oviduct long, lanceolate; legs piceous;
+wings nearly limpid, clouded with black at the tip of the costa and on
+the prębrachial transverse vein, hardly clouded on the discal transverse
+vein; veins black; discal transverse vein straight, parted by about
+one-fourth of its length from the border, and by much more than its
+length from the prębrachial transverse; halteres whitish. Length of the
+body 5 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+133. DACUS LONGIVITTA, n. s. _Mas._ Ęneo-viridis, subpubescens,
+subtilissime punctatus; capite nigro apud oculos albido, epistomate
+ferrugineo, antennarum articulo tertio longo lineari; thorace
+subvittato; pedibus nigris, femoribus ferrugineis; alis subcinereis,
+costa vittaque apud venam prębrachialem nigris; halteribus piceis.
+
+_Male._ Ęneous green, with slight hoary tomentum, very finely punctured.
+Head black, whitish about the eyes; epistoma ferruginous, prominent;
+antennę black, ferruginous at the base, third joint long, linear,
+conical at the tip; arista bare; thorax with an indistinct broad hoary
+stripe; abdomen compressed, nearly linear; legs black; femora
+ferruginous; wings slightly greyish, black along the costa and with a
+black stripe which extends along the prębrachial vein to the discal
+transverse vein; veins black; discal transverse vein straight, oblique,
+parted by a little more than half its length from the border, and by
+very much more than its length from the prębrachial transverse; halteres
+piceous. Length of the body 4-6 lines; of the wings 5-7 lines.
+
+134. DACUS LATIVENTRIS, n. s. _Foem._ Nigro-viridis, subtilissime
+punctatus; capite piceo apud oculos albido; antennis fulvis, articulo
+tertio sublanceolato; abdomine brevi, lato; pedibus nigris, femoribus
+anticis fulvis; alis subcinereis, costa vittaque apud venam
+prębrachialem nigris, vena discali transversa nigricante nebulosa;
+halteribus albidis.
+
+_Female._ Blackish green, very minutely punctured. Head piceous, whitish
+about the eyes; epistoma ferruginous, slightly prominent; antennę tawny,
+third joint rather long, somewhat lanceolate, arista bare; abdomen
+nearly round, broader than the thorax; legs black, fore femora tawny;
+wings very slightly greyish, black along the costa to the tip of the
+prębrachial vein, with a black stripe along the prębrachial vein to the
+discal transverse vein, and with a blackish tinge about the discal
+transverse vein and along the adjoining part of the hind border; veins
+black, discal transverse straight, vein parted by less than half its
+length from the border, and by very much more than its length from the
+prębrachial transverse; halteres whitish. Length of the body 2 lines; of
+the wings 4 lines.
+
+135. DACUS OBTRUDENS, n. s. _Mas._ Nigro-viridis, subtilissime
+punctatus; capite nigro apud oculos albido; antennis piceis basi
+rufescentibus, articulo tertio lineari longissimo; abdomine lineari
+maculis duabus lateralibus testaceis; pedibus nigris, femoribus apice
+tarsisque posticis basi fulvis; alis subcinereis, costa, apice maculaque
+apud venam transversam discalem nigricantibus; halteribus albis.
+
+_Male._ Dark green, very minutely punctured. Head black, whitish about
+the eyes, ferruginous towards the epistoma; antennę piceous, reddish
+towards the base; third joint linear, very long, arista bare; abdomen
+linear, compressed, with a testaceous spot on each side before the
+middle; legs black, femora tawny towards the tips, hind tarsi tawny at
+the base; wings slightly greyish, blackish along the costa and at the
+tips, and about the transverse veins; veins black, tawny at the base;
+discal transverse vein straight, oblique, parted by about half its
+length from the border, and by a little more than its length from the
+prębrachial transverse; halteres white. Length of the body 4 lines; of
+the wings 7 lines.
+
+136. DACUS POMPILOIDES, n. s. _Mas._ Niger; capite albido, epistomate
+ferrugineo; antennis piceis basi rufis, articulo tertio longo lineari;
+abdomine nigro-cyaneo; pedibus piceis; alis subcinereis, striga costali
+basali, fascia tenui postice abbreviata et triente apicali strigam
+subcineream includente nigricantibus; halteribus albis.
+
+_Male._ Black. Head with whitish tomentum, epistoma ferruginous,
+prominent; antennę piceous, red at the base, third joint long, linear,
+arista bare; abdomen linear, blackish blue, longer than the thorax; legs
+piceous; wings slightly greyish, with a blackish costal streak extending
+from the base, with a slender blackish band which is abbreviated
+hindward, and with more than one-third of the apical part blackish and
+including a slightly greyish streak; veins black, discal transverse vein
+straight, oblique, parted by a little less than its length from the
+border and by about its length from the prębrachial transverse;
+halteres white. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings 6 lines.
+
+
+Gen. BREA, n. g.
+
+Platystomę affinis. _Facies_ lata. _Antennę_ breves; articulus tertius
+longiconicus; arista nuda. _Femora_ intermedia incrassata, denticulata.
+
+Allied to _Platystoma_. Face broad; antennę short, third joint
+elongate-conical; arista bare; middle femora incrassated, denticulated
+beneath.
+
+137. BREA DISCALIS, n. s. _Mas_. Nigra; capite testaceo apud oculos
+albido, fronte ochracea; antennis piceis basi rufescentibus; thorace
+vitta lata cana; abdomine fulvo, disco nigro cupreo; pedibus fulvis,
+femoribus anticis apice tibiisque anticis basi nigris; alis sublimpidis,
+fascia media lata postice abbreviata guttam limpidam subcostalem
+includente lineaque transversa exteriore nigricantibus; halteribus
+testaceis.
+
+_Male_. Black. Head testaceous, whitish about the eyes, front
+ochraceous; antennę piceous, reddish at the base; thorax with a broad
+hoary stripe; abdomen tawny, with a blackish cupreous disk; legs tawny,
+fore femora at the tips and fore tibię at the base black; wings nearly
+limpid, with a broad middle blackish band, which is abbreviated hindward
+and includes a limpid dot by the costa, and has beyond it a blackish
+transverse line; veins black, testaceous towards the base; discal
+transverse vein straight, upright, parted by half its length from the
+border, and by much more than its length from the prębrachial
+transverse; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4 lines; of the
+wings 7 lines.
+
+138. BREA CONTRARIA, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Nigra; capite fulvo apud
+oculos albido, fronte ochracea; antennis rufescentibus; thorace vitta
+cana; abdomine purpureo apice cyaneo; pedibus nigris, femoribus anticis
+tarsisque testaceis; alis sublimpidis, fascia lata media postice
+abbreviata, guttis interioribus lineaque transversa exteriore
+nigricantibus.
+
+_Male and Female._ Black. Head tawny, whitish about the eyes; antennę
+reddish; thorax with a hoary stripe; sides and pectus also hoary;
+abdomen purple, blue towards the tip; legs black; tarsi and fore femora
+testaceous; wings nearly limpid, with a broad blackish middle band which
+is abbreviated hindward, with some interior blackish dots, and with an
+exterior transverse blackish line; veins black; discal transverse vein
+straight, parted by less than half its length from the border, and by
+less than its length from the prębrachial transverse; halteres black.
+Length of the body 3--3-1/2 lines; of the wings 6-7 lines.
+
+
+Gen. ADRAMA, n. g.
+
+_Mas. Corpus_ longiusculum. _Caput_ thorace vix latius, setis duabus
+posticis erectis. _Antennę_ sat longę; articulus tertius linearis,
+apice conicus; arista pubescens. _Abdomen_ sublineare, thorace longius
+et angustius. _Pedes_ mediocres; femora posteriora spinis minutis
+armata. _Alę_ sat longę.
+
+_Male._ Body rather long. Head transverse, hardly broader than the
+thorax, with two erect setę on the hind part of the vertex; face
+vertical; epistoma slightly prominent. Antennę nearly reaching the
+epistoma; third joint long, linear, conical at the tip; arista
+pubescent. Abdomen almost linear, longer and narrower than the thorax.
+Legs moderately long and slender; posterior femora with minute spines
+beneath. Wings rather long; discal transverse vein straight, upright,
+parted by hardly half its length from the border, and by rather more
+than its length from the prębrachial transverse.
+
+139. ADRAMA SELECTA, n. s. _Mas._ Testacea; capite guttis tribus nigris;
+thorace disco antico vittisque duabus posterioribus nigris; tibiis
+tarsisque anticis piceis, tibiis posticis subpiceis; alis
+subfuscescentibus, fascia lata limpida nigricante marginata postice
+abbreviata.
+
+_Male._ Testaceous. Head with a black dot above the antennę and one on
+each side of the epistoma; thorax with the fore part of the disk black,
+and with two hindward black stripes; fore tibię and fore tarsi piceous;
+hind tibię somewhat piceous; wings slightly brownish, with two blackish
+bands, the first on the prębrachial transverse vein, abbreviated
+hindward, the second on the discal transverse vein, abbreviated in
+front, intermediate space limpid, veins testaceous, black towards the
+tips; halteres pale testaceous. Length of the body 4-1/2 lines; of the
+wings 8 lines.
+
+Gen. ORTALIS, _Fallen_.
+
+140. ORTALIS PROMPTA, n. s. _Foem._ Nigro-viridis; capite piceo apud
+oculos albido; antennis rufescentibus; thorace vitta abdomineque fasciis
+cinereis; pedibus nigris; alis limpidis, vittis tribus nigris, prima
+postice abbreviata, secunda tertiaque latis; halteribus albidis.
+
+_Female._ Blackish green. Head piceous, whitish about the eyes; epistoma
+somewhat prominent; antennę reddish, third joint somewhat lanceolate,
+piceous towards the tip; arista bare; thorax with a cinereous stripe;
+sides and pectus also cinereous; abdomen with two cinereous bands; legs
+black; wings limpid white, slightly cinereous towards the base, with
+three black bands, the first abbreviated hindward, the second and third
+very broad; veins black, discal transverse vein curved inward, parted by
+much less than its length from the border and by a little less than its
+length from the prębrachial transverse; halteres whitish. Length of the
+body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings 6 lines.
+
+141. ORTALIS COMPLENS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Nigro-viridis; capite
+antennisque testaceis, articulo tertio brevi, arista plumosa; abdomine
+atro; pedibus testaceis, femoribus nigris; alis albo limpidis, strigis
+duabus apiceque nigro-cinereis, fasciis tribus satis nigricantibus;
+halteribus albis. _Mas._ Vertice luteo postice nigro, femoribus apice
+testaceis, alarum fasciis subconnexis. _Foem._ Vertice nigro, tibiis
+nigris, posticis basi testaceis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Blackish green. Head testaceous; antennę testaceous,
+third joint short, conical; arista plumose; abdomen deep black; legs
+testaceous; femora black; wings limpid white, with three broad blackish
+stripes, the second emitting a branch from its outer side to the costa,
+a streak connected with the outer side of the third band, and the tips
+blackish cinereous; discal transverse vein straight, parted by much less
+than its length from the border, and by a little more than its length
+from the prębrachial transverse; halteres white. _Male._ Vertex luteous,
+black hindward; femora with testaceous tips; bands of the wings partly
+connected. _Female._ Vertex black; tibię black, the hind pair testaceous
+towards the base. Length of the body 1-1/2--2 lines; of the wings 3-4
+lines.
+
+Gen. TRYPETA, _Meigen_.
+
+142. TRYPETA MULTISTRIGA, n. s. _Foem._ Testacea; thorace pectoreque
+nigro-strigatis; abdomine maculis quatuor lateralibus anterioribus
+fascia lata apiceque nigris; femoribus posterioribus nigro vittatis;
+alis nigricantibus basi marginali maculis guttisque albis.
+
+_Female._ Testaceous. Third joint of the antennę short, conical; arista
+plumose; thorax with black bristles on each side, with eight black
+streaks, four in front, of which the middle pair are very short, four
+hindward, the middle pair short, the outer pair connected in front of
+the scutellum, two lateral black streaks; pectus with a black
+interrupted streak on each side; disk also black; abdomen with two
+transverse black spots on each side towards the base, and with a broad
+black band; oviduct black, flat, lanceolate, obtuse at the tip;
+posterior femora striped with black; wings blackish, limpid for a space
+from the base along the costa and along the hind border, and with twelve
+white marks of various size, four discal, eight marginal; discal
+transverse vein nearly straight, parted by one-fourth of its length from
+the border, and by about its length from the prębrachial transverse.
+Length of the body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings 6 lines.
+
+143. TRYPETA DORSIGUTTA, n. s. _Mas._ Atra; capite piceo vitta testacea,
+subtus albo; antennis testaceis; thorace cinereo punctis lateralibus
+albis, pectore albido; abdominis segmentis testaceo marginatis; tibiis
+albido fasciatis, tarsis albidis; alis albo-limpidis, strigis basalibus
+fasciisque duabus latis nigricantibus, prima antice furcata; halteribus
+albis.
+
+_Male._ Deep black. Head piceous, with cinereous tomentum, white behind
+and beneath, a testaceous stripe on the vertex; antennę testaceous,
+black at the base, third joint conical, white at the base, arista
+plumose; thorax with cinereous tomentum, white points along each side;
+pectus whitish; hind borders of the abdominal segments testaceous with
+cinereous tomentum; tibię with a dingy whitish band; tarsi dingy
+whitish; wings limpid white, with several blackish marks towards the
+base and with two broad blackish bands, the first forked in front;
+discal transverse vein nearly straight, parted by less than its length
+from the border, and by more than twice its length from the prębrachial
+transverse; halteres white. Length of the body 2-1/2 lines; of the wings
+4 lines.
+
+144. TRYPETA BASALIS, n. s. _Mas._ Nigra, nitens; capite antennisque
+fulvis, vertice maculis duabus piceis; abdomine basi pedibusque
+testaceis; alis limpidis, striga basali, fasciis tribus costaque apicali
+nigricantibus; halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Male._ Black, slender, shining. Head tawny, with two elongated piceous
+spots on the vertex; antennę tawny, third joint linear, rather long,
+arista bare; abdomen nearly fusiform, testaceous at the base; legs
+testaceous; wings limpid, with a blackish oblique streak extending from
+the base, with three blackish bands, and with a blackish costal streak
+extending round the tip, first and third bands slender, second broad,
+abbreviated like the first hindward; discal transverse vein straight,
+parted by about one-fourth of its length from the border, and by less
+than its length from the prębrachial transverse; halteres testaceous.
+Length of the body 1-1/2 line; of the wings 3 lines.
+
+145. TRYPETA IMPLETA, n. s. _Foem._ Cinerea; capite albido; antennarum
+articulo tertio albido apice nigro; thorace vitta fusca, scutello
+albido, abdomine nigro; pedibus albidis nigro fasciatis; alis albis,
+maculis plurimis nigricantibus ex parte confluentibus; halteribus
+albidis.
+
+_Female._ Cinereous. Head whitish; third joint of the antennę short,
+conical, whitish, blackish at the tip, arista plumose; thorax with a
+brown stripe; scutellum whitish; abdomen black; legs whitish, with black
+bands; wings white, with many blackish spots, some of them confluent;
+discal transverse vein straight, parted by much less than its length
+from the border, and by a little less than its length from the
+prębrachial transverse; halteres whitish. Length of the body 1-1/2 line;
+of the wings 3 lines.
+
+146. TRYPETA SUBOCELLIFERA, n. s. _Mas._ Cana; antennis albidis; thorace
+guttis fuscis, scutelli margine albido; abdomine fusco apicem versus
+cano maculis fuscis; pedibus albidis fusco fasciatis; alis limpidis,
+maculis nigricantibus pallido signatis ex parte confluentibus.
+
+_Male._ Hoary. Antennę whitish, third joint short, conical, arista
+plumose; thorax with some slight brown dots; scutellum brown, hind
+borders of the scutellum white; abdomen brown, hind borders of the
+segments and apical part cinereous, the latter with brown dots; legs
+whitish, with brown bands; wings limpid, with several blackish dots
+containing pale marks, some of them confluent and forming a middle band;
+discal transverse vein straight, enclosed in a pale streak, parted by
+much less than its length from the border and by much more than its
+length from the prębrachial transverse; halteres whitish. Length of the
+body 1-1/2 line; of the wings 3 lines.
+
+Subfam. ACHIIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. ACHIAS, _Fabr._
+
+147. ACHIAS LONGIVIDENS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Viridi-cinerea; capite
+testaceo fasciis duabus vittisque tribus anticis nigris; antennis
+nigris; thorace vittis quatuor purpureo-nigris, pectore ferrugineo;
+abdomine viridi-fulvo; pedibus piceis; alis limpidis, costa
+lurido-nigricante, vena transversa discali fusco nebulosa; halteribus
+testaceis apice nigris. _Mas._ Oculis longissime petiolatis, scutello
+viridi, femoribus basi fulvis. _Foem._ Oculis subpetiolatis, scutello
+nigro-purpureo.
+
+_Male and Female._ Greenish cinereous. Head with two black bands on the
+vertex and with four black stripes in front; antennę black, third joint
+linear, very long, arista plumose; thorax with four purplish black
+stripes, middle pair abbreviated hindward and having behind them a spot
+of the same hue, lateral pair interrupted; pectus ferruginous; abdomen
+tawny, with bright green reflections, testaceous beneath; legs piceous;
+wings limpid, blackish, and with a lurid tinge along the costa, whence a
+short oblique blackish streak proceeds by the prębrachial transverse
+vein; discal transverse vein clouded with brown, hardly curved, parted
+by less than one-third of its length from the border, and by much more
+than its length from the prębrachial transverse, which is very oblique;
+halteres testaceous, with black tips. _Male._ Head with the fore black
+band interrupted; eyes with very long petioles, the latter about
+three-fourths of the length of the body; scutellum green; femora tawny
+towards the base. _Female._ Eyes with short petioles, extending a little
+beyond the sides of the thorax; scutellum blackish purple. Length of the
+body 5-6 lines; of the wings 12-13 lines.
+
+148. ACHIAS LATIVIDENS, n. s. _Foem._ Viridi-cinerea; capite testaceo,
+vittis tribus anticis nigris, oculis subpetiolatis; antennis nigris;
+thorace vittisquatuor purpureo-nigris, scutello cyaneo basi viridi,
+pectore fulvo; abdomine viridi-fulvo; pedibus nigris, femoribus basi
+luteis, tibiis luteo fasciatis; alis subcinereis, vitta costali
+nigricante interrupta lurida strigata, vena transversa discali fusco
+nebulosa; halteribus testaceis apice nigris.
+
+_Female._ Greenish cinereous. Head testaceous, with three black stripes
+on the face; eyes very slightly petiolated; antennę black; thorax with
+four purplish black stripes; scutellum blue, green at the base; pectus
+tawny; abdomen tawny, with bright green reflections; legs black; femora
+luteous towards the base; tibię with indistinct luteous bands; wings
+slightly greenish, with a blackish interrupted costal stripe containing
+luteous streaks; discal transverse vein clouded with brown; veins in
+structure like those of the preceding species; halteres testaceous, with
+black tips. Length of the body 6 lines; of the 13 lines.
+
+This species at first sight seems like a variety of the preceding one,
+but the petioles of the eyes are shorter and thicker, the costal stripes
+of the wings are interrupted, and the shade on the discal transverse
+vein is more diffuse.
+
+149. ACHIAS AMPLIVIDENS, n. s. _Foem._ Fulva, subtus testacea; oculis
+extantibus non petiolatis; thorace submetallico, vittis quinque
+cinereis; abdomine purpureo basi testaceo, tibiis tarsisque nigris; alis
+subcinereis, costa nigro-fusca, venis transversis nigro-fusco nebulosis.
+
+_Female._ Tawny, testaceous beneath. Head testaceous; eyes very
+prominent, but hardly petiolated; antennę tawny; thorax slightly
+metallic, with five cinereous stripes, which are abbreviated hindward,
+the inner pair slender; abdomen purple, testaceous at the base; legs
+black; coxę and femora testaceous, the latter with black tips; wings
+slightly greyish, costal stripe brown, blackish towards the tip;
+prębrachial transverse vein clouded with blackish, discal transverse
+vein clouded with a much paler hue than that of the prębrachial
+transverse vein, in structure like those of the two preceding species;
+halteres testaceous, with black tips. Length of the body 4-1/2 lines; of
+the wings 9 lines.
+
+Subfam.----?
+
+Gen. POLYARA, n. g.
+
+_Mas._ _Corpus_ longiusculum. _Caput_ transversum; facies lata, plana,
+non obliqua. _Palpi_ lati. _Antennę_ parvę; articulus tertius
+longiconicus; arista plumosa. _Thorax_ oblongo-subquadratus. _Abdomen_
+sublineare, thorace multo longinus et angustius. _Pedes_ breves, tenues.
+_Alę_ latiusculę; venę optime determinatę; venę duę transversę inter
+venas radialem et cubitalem; vena prębrachialis apicem versus valde
+flexa.
+
+_Male._ Body rather long. Head transverse, a little broader than the
+thorax; face broad, flat, vertical. Palpi broad. Antennę small; third
+joint elongate-conical, not extending more than half the length to the
+epistoma; arista plumose. Thorax oblong-subquadrate. Abdomen nearly
+linear, much longer and more slender than the thorax. Legs short, rather
+slender; fore femora somewhat setose beneath. Wings rather broad, flat
+in repose; veins very strongly marked; a transverse vein between the
+cubital and mediastinal veins; two transverse veins between the radial
+and cubital veins; cubital vein slightly angular between the prębrachial
+transverse vein and the tip of the wing; prębrachial vein much curved
+towards its tip.
+
+The structure of the wing veins in this genus is very peculiar, and it
+does not agree well with any of the established subfamilies of
+_Muscidę_.
+
+150. POLYARA INSOLITA, n. s. _Mas._ Testacea; faciei sulcis albidis;
+abdomine lutescente fulvo; alis subcinereis, nigricante-fusco
+submarginatis et subfasciatis.
+
+_Male._ Testaceous, paler beneath. Facial grooves for the antennę
+whitish; thorax with some almost obsolete stripes, the middle pair
+approximate, slender, somewhat more distinct than the others; abdomen
+somewhat lutescent-tawny; wings slightly greyish, irregularly
+blackish-brown along the costa, brown at the tips, and with a brown band
+which is indistinct in front but much darker on the discal transverse
+vein; prębrachial vein largely bordered with brown; veins black,
+testaceous towards the base, discal transverse vein straight, parted by
+about one-sixth of its length from the border, and by rather less than
+half its length from the prębrachial transverse; alulę very small.
+Length of the body 5-1/2 lines; of the wings 10 lines.
+
+Subfam. SEPSIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. ANGITULA, n. g.
+
+_Foem._ _Corpus_ convexum, glaberrimum, nitidissimum. _Caput_
+subrotundum; epistoma valde prominens. _Antennę_ epistoma non
+attingentes; articulus tertius longiusculus, linearis, apice conicus;
+arista subpubescens. _Thorax_ anticus valde productus et attenuatus;
+scutellum bispinosum; metathorax magnus, declivis. _Abdomen_
+longi-subfusiforme; segmentum primum gibbosum. _Pedes_ longi, graciles;
+coxę anticę longissimę. _Alę_ longę, angustę; alulę obsoletę.
+
+_Female._ Body convex, very smooth and shining. Head nearly round; front
+subquadrate; face short; epistoma very prominent. Mouth short. Antennę
+not reaching the epistoma; third joint linear, rather long, conical at
+the tip; arista somewhat pubescent. Thorax much produced and attenuated
+in front; scutellum armed with two spines; metathorax slanting, well
+developed. Abdomen elongate-subfusiform, longer and much more slender
+than the thorax; first segment gibbous above. Legs long, slender,
+without bristles; fore coxę very long. Wings long, narrow; discal
+transverse vein straight, upright, parted by less than half its length
+from the border, and by nearly twice its length from the prębrachial
+transverse.
+
+151. ANGITULA LONGICOLLIS, n. s. _Foem._ Nigro-ęnea; capite subtus
+albido, frontis disco rufescente, fascia albida; antennis piceis basi
+rufis; pedibus nigris, femoribus basi coxisque anticis albidis; alis
+limpidis, costa nigra.
+
+_Female._ Ęneous black. Head whitish beneath, front with a reddish disk,
+face whitish. Antennę piceous, first and second joints red; legs black,
+bare; femora towards the base and fore coxę whitish; wings limpid, with
+a black costal line extending to the tip of the prębrachial vein; veins
+and halteres black. Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+Gen. SEPSIS, _Fallen_.
+
+152. SEPSIS BASIFERA, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Nigra; thorace nigro-ęneo;
+tarsis, femoribus basi pedibusque anticis testaceis; alis limpidis,
+costa basi nigra. _Mas._ Metatarsis intermediis dilatatis, alis apice
+vix nigricantibus. _Foem._ Alis apice nigris.
+
+_Male and Female._ Black, shining. Thorax ęneous black; pectus
+cinereous; tarsi, femora at the base, and fore legs, pale testaceous;
+wings limpid; costa at the base and veins black. _Male._ Basal joint of
+the intermediate tarsi dilated; wings hardly blackish at the tips.
+_Female._ Wings black at the tips. Length of the body 2--2-1/2 lines; of
+the wings 3--3-1/2 lines.
+
+Gen. CALOBATA, _Fabr._
+
+153. Calobata albitarsis, _Wied. Auss. Zweifl._ 71. 544. 22. Inhabits
+also Java and Australia.
+
+154. Calobata indica, _Desv. Ess. Myod._ 737. 4. (Nerius). Inhabits also
+Hindostan.
+
+155. Calobata Abana, _Walk. Cat. Dipt._ pt. 4. 1054.
+
+156. CALOBATA SEPSOIDES, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra; antennis ferrugineis,
+articulo tertio conico brevi, arista nuda; pedibus testaceis nigricante
+subnotatis, femoribus anticis nigris basi testaceis, tibiis anticis
+nigris, tarsis anticis niveis, posticis albidis; alis subcinereis,
+fasciis duabus indistinctis fuscescentibus.
+
+_Female._ Black, shining. Antennę ferruginous, third joint short,
+conical, arista bare; pectus slightly covered with cinereous tomentum;
+legs testaceous, with a few very indistinct blackish marks; fore femora
+black, testaceous towards the base; fore tibię black; fore tarsi
+snow-white, black at the base; hind tarsi whitish; wings greyish, with
+two almost obsolete brownish bands; discal transverse vein parted by
+less than its length from the border and by about four times its length
+from the prębrachial transverse. Length of the body 5 lines; of the
+wings 7 lines.
+
+Gen. CARDIACEPHALA, _Macq._
+
+157. CARDIACEPHALA DEBILIS, n. s. _Foem._ Testacea, gracilis; thorace
+linea transversa interrupta nigra; pedibus anticis parvis, posterioribus
+longis, tarsis albis brevissimis, tibiis anterioribus piceis; alis
+limpidis apice cinereis, fascia lata pallide lutea.
+
+_Female._ Testaceous, slender. Vertex somewhat luteous; third joint of
+the antennę conical, very short, arista bare; thorax attenuated in
+front, with a transverse interrupted black line hindward; abdomen longer
+than the thorax, lanceolate hindward; fore legs short, posterior legs
+long; tarsi white, very short; anterior tibię piceous; middle femora
+rather thicker than the hind pair; wings limpid, grey towards the tips,
+with a pale luteous middle band; veins testaceous, cubital and
+prębrachial converging towards the tips of the wings, discal transverse
+vein straight, parted by less than its length from the border and by
+about thrice its length from the prębrachial transverse. Length of the
+body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+Subfam. PSILIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. LISSA, _Meigen_.
+
+158. LISSA CYLINDRICA, n. s. _Mas._ Cyanea, gracilis, cylindrica;
+antennis piceis basi albidis, arista plumosa; abdomine piceo basi
+apiceque cyaneis; pedibus albidis, femoribus posterioribus nigris apice
+albidis, femoribus posticis subtus spinosis, tibiis posticis nigris;
+alis subcinereis apice subfuscis; halteribus albidis apice nigris.
+
+_Male._ Blue, slender, cylindrical. Head broader than the thorax;
+antennę whitish, third joint piceous, arista plumose; abdomen piceous,
+slightly increasing in breadth to the tip, blue at the base and at the
+tip, hind borders of the first and second segments whitish; legs
+whitish, posterior femora black, whitish at the base and towards the
+tips, hind femora spinose beneath, hind tibię black; wings slightly
+greyish, brownish towards the tips; veins black, prębrachial and
+perbrachial very near together for more than half their length, discal
+transverse vein straight, parted by more than its length, and by about
+four times its length from the prębrachial transverse; halteres whitish,
+with black tips. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+Gen. NERIUS, _Fabr._
+
+159. Nerius duplicatus, _Wied. Auss. Zweifl._ 11. 553. 8. Inhabits also
+Java.
+
+Subfam. OSCINIDES, _Haliday_.
+
+Gen. OSCINIS, _Fabr._
+
+160. OSCINIS LINEIPLENA, n. s. _Mas._ Fusca; capite subtus testaceo apud
+oculos albo, vitta frontali alba; thorace pectoreque lineis sex albidis;
+abdomine sordide testaceo, pedibus albidis, tibiis tarsisque apice
+femoribusque anticis nigris; alis subcinereis, halteribus albidis.
+
+_Male._ Brown. Head testaceous in front and beneath, white about the
+eyes, with a white stripe on the front; thorax and pectus with six
+whitish stripes on each, thorax with an indistinct middle testaceous
+stripe; abdomen dull testaceous; legs whitish; tibię and tarsi at the
+tips and fore femora black; wings greyish; veins black, discal
+transverse vein oblique, parted by more than its length from the border,
+and by full twice its length from the prębrachial transverse; halteres
+whitish. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 3 lines.
+
+161. OSCINIS NOCTILUX, n. s. _Mas._ Atra; capite pallide flavo subtus
+albo; antennis luteis, arista nuda; scutello, maculis duabus
+pectoralibus abdominisque apice albis; tibiis tarsisque intermediis
+testaceis; alis nigricantibus postice cinereis, halteribus niveis.
+
+_Male._ Black. Head pale yellow, black hindward, white beneath; antennę
+pale luteous, third joint very short, arista bare; scutellum white;
+pectus with a white spot on each side; abdomen white at the tip; middle
+legs with testaceous tibię and tarsi; hind wings blackish, cinereous
+hindward; halteres snow-white. Length of the body 3/4 line; of the wings
+1-1/2 line.
+
+Subfam. GEOMYZIDES, _Fallen_.
+
+Gen. DROSOPHILA, _Fallen_.
+
+162. DROSOPHILA? FINIGUTTA, n. s. _Mas._ Fulva; capite antice testaceo,
+antennis testaceis, articulo tertio conico; abdomine maculis quatuor
+apicalibus nigris, tarsis nigris; alis cinereis venis nigris.
+
+_Male._ Tawny. Head testaceous in front; antennę testaceous, third joint
+conical; abdomen with two black spots on each side at the tip; legs
+testaceous; tarsi black; wings grey; veins black, discal transverse vein
+straight, parted by full half its length from the border and by full
+twice its length from the prębrachial transverse; halteres testaceous.
+Length of the body 1-1/2 line; of the wings 3 lines.
+
+163. DROSOPHILA? MELANOSPILA. _Foem._ Testacea; antennarum articulo
+tertio conico, arista plumosa; thoracis disco abdominisque guttis duabus
+apicalibus atris; tarsis piceis; alis subcinereis.
+
+_Female._ Testaceous. Vertex luteous; third joint of the antennę
+conical; arista plumose; disk of the thorax and a dot on each side of
+the tip of the abdomen deep black; tarsi piceous; wings slightly
+greyish; veins black, discal transverse vein straight, parted by about
+half its length from the border and by twice its length from the
+prębrachial transverse. Length of the body 1 line; of the wings 2 lines.
+
+164. DROSOPHILA? IMPARATA. _Foem._ Pallide testacea; pedibus
+pallidioribus; alis subcinereis, venis pallidis.
+
+_Female._ Pale testaceous, with a few bristles. Legs paler than the
+body; wings slightly greyish; veins pale, discal transverse vein
+straight, parted by about twice its length from the border and by more
+than twice its length from the prębrachial transverse. Length of the
+body 3/4 line; of the wings 1-1/2 line.
+
+Subfam. HYDROMYZIDES, _Haliday_.
+
+Gen. EPHYDRA, _Fallen_.
+
+165. EPHYDRA? TACITURNA, n. s. _Foem._ Atra, nitens, antennis nigris,
+arista plumosa, abdomine nigro-cupreo, pedibus nigro-piceis, alis
+nigricantibus, venis nigris.
+
+_Female._ Deep black, shining. Antennę black, third joint linear, rather
+long, arista plumose; legs blackish-piceous; wings blackish; veins
+black, discal transverse vein straight, parted by a little more than its
+length from the border. Length of the body 1-1/2 line; of the wings
+2-1/2 lines.
+
+
+Fam. PHORIDĘ, _Haliday_.
+
+Gen. PALLURA, n. g.
+
+_Mas._ _Corpus_ latiusculum, pubescens. _Os_ retractum. _Oculi_
+pubescentes. _Antennę_ brevissimę; arista longissima. _Scutellum_
+magnum, conicum. _Abdomen_ subellipticum, thorace non longius. _Pedes_
+latiusculi, pubescentes, non setosi. _Alę_ amplę, venis ęqualibus.
+
+_Male._ Body rather broad, pubescent. Proboscis small, withdrawn; eyes
+pubescent; antennę very short, arista very long; scutellum large,
+conical, very prominent, extending beyond the base of the abdomen;
+abdomen nearly elliptical, not longer than the thorax; legs rather
+broad, pubescent, without bristles; wings rather long and broad; veins
+of equal size, costal vein ending at rather before half the length of
+the wing, radial ending at somewhat in front of the tip of the wing,
+cubital ending at hardly in front of the tip, prębrachial ending at a
+little behind the tip, pobrachial ending on the hind border at half the
+length of the wing, discal transverse vein straight, parted by more than
+twice its length from the border and from the prębrachial transverse.
+
+166. PALLURA INVARIA. _Mas._ Lutea, immaculata, alis cinereis basi
+luteis, apice nigricantibus, venis nigris robustis.
+
+_Male._ Luteous, of one colour. Wings grey, luteous at the base,
+blackish towards the tips; veins black, robust. Length of the body 3
+lines; of the wings 6 lines.
+
+
+Fam. HIPPOBOSCIDĘ, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. ORNITHOMYIA, _Leach_.
+
+167. Ornithomyia parva?, _Macq. Hist. Nat. Dipt._ 11. 2. 279. 3.
+
+
+KEY ISLAND.
+
+
+Fam. ASILIDĘ, _Leach_.
+
+Subfam. LAPHRITES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. LAPHRIA, _Fabr._
+
+1. LAPHRIA PARADISIACA, n. s. _Mas._ Cuprea, aureo pilosa, capite
+pectoreque argenteis albo pilosis, mystace subaurato setis nonnullis
+nigris, abdomine apice purpureo subtus albido piloso, pedibus
+cyaneo-purpureis albido pilosis, femoribus cyaneo-viridibus, alis
+nigricantibus basi cinereis, halteribus albidis nigro notatis.
+
+_Male._ Cupreous, with gilded hairs. Head and pectus silvery, with white
+hairs; mystax slightly gilded, with a few long black bristles; antennę
+and mouth black; abdomen purple at the tip, underside clothed with long
+whitish hairs, silvery white at the base, the following segments
+bordered with silvery white; legs blue and purple, thickly clothed with
+long whitish hairs, femora bluish-green, fore tibię with pale gilded
+down beneath, hind tibię with a black bristly apical tuft beneath; wings
+blackish, grey towards the base; halteres whitish, marked with black.
+Length of the body 11 lines; of the wings 20 lines.
+
+2. LAPHRIA PLACENS, n. s. _Mas._ Cyanea, capite aurato, mystace setis
+paucis longis nigris; antennis nigris, articulo tertio fusiformi;
+pectore albido, abdomine angusto, femoribus intus tibiisque purpureis;
+alis nigricantibus basi cinereis, halteribus piceis.
+
+_Male._ Blue. Head gilded in front, whitish behind; mystax with a few
+long black bristles; proboscis and antennę black, third joint of the
+latter fusiform; pectus whitish; abdomen cylindrical, much narrower than
+the thorax, and about twice its length; femora on the inner side and
+tibię purple, tarsi black; wings blackish, cinereous towards the base;
+halteres piceous. Length of the body 4-1/2 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+Subfam. ASILITES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. ASILUS, _Linn._
+
+3. ASILUS SUPERVENIENS, n. s. _Mas._ Cinereous, capite subaurato,
+mystace aurato setis paucis nigris, thorace vittis tribus latissimis
+nigris, abdomine fulvescenti-cinereo, pedibus rufescentibus, femoribus
+nigro vittatis, tarsis nigris, alis cinereis apice nigricantibus,
+halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Male._ Cinereous. Head slightly gilded, pale cinereous, and clothed
+with pale hairs behind; mystax composed of gilded bristles, above which
+there are a few shorter black bristles; antennę black, third joint
+elongate-fusiform, arista much longer than the third joint; thorax with
+three very broad hardly divided black stripes; abdomen with a slight
+fawn-coloured tinge, tip black, sexualia very small; legs reddish,
+femora striped above with black, tarsi black, reddish at the base; wings
+cinereous, blackish towards the tips; halteres testaceous. Length of the
+body 8 lines; of the wings 14 lines.
+
+Gen. OMMATIUS, _Illiger_.
+
+4. Ommatius noctifer, _Walk._ See page 88.
+
+
+Fam. EMPIDĘ, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. HYBOS, _Fabr._
+
+5. HYBOS DEFICIENS, n. s. _Mas._ Niger, thorace fulvo globoso macula
+dorsali nigra, abdomine basi fulvo, pedibus anterioribus testaceis,
+femoribus posticis subtus spinosis, alis cinereis apice obscurioribus,
+stigmate venisque nigris, halteribus testaceis, apice piceis.
+
+_Male._ Black. Thorax and pectus tawny, the former globose, with a black
+dorsal spot; abdomen tawny at the base; anterior legs testaceous, hind
+femora spinose beneath; wings grey, darker at the tips; stigma and veins
+black; halteres testaceous, with piceous tips. Length of the body 2
+lines; of the wings 4 lines.
+
+
+Fam. SYRPHIDĘ, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. ERISTALIS, _Latr._
+
+6. Eristalis resolutus, _Walk._ See p. 95.
+
+Gen. BACCHA, _Fabr._
+
+7. BACCHA PURPURICOLA, n. s. _Foem._ Purpureo-fulva; capite chalybeo;
+antennis rufis; pedibus fulvis; tibiis posticis apice tarsisque posticis
+basi piceis; alis nigricantibus, apud costam obscurioribus, spatio
+apicali subcostali cinereo; halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Tawny, tinged with purple. Head chalybeous; antennę red; legs
+tawny, hind tibię piceous towards the tips, hind tarsi piceous towards
+the base; wings blackish, darker along the costa, cinereous towards the
+tips with the exception of the costa; halteres testaceous. Length of the
+body 5-1/2 lines; of the wings 9 lines.
+
+
+Fam. MUSCIDĘ, _Latr._
+
+Subfam. SARCOPHAGIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. SARCOPHAGA, _Meigen_.
+
+8. SARCOPHAGA BASALIS, n. s. _Mas._ Nigra, subaureo tomentosa; capite
+aurato; thorace vittis tribus nigris; abdomine albido tessellato; alis
+cinereis; venis lurido marginatis; alulis testaceis.
+
+_Male._ Black, with slightly gilded tomentum. Head gilded; frontalia
+deep black, hardly widening in front; thorax with three black stripes,
+an indistinct blackish line on each side of the middle stripe; abdomen
+tessellated with white; wings grey; veins bordered with a lurid hue,
+especially towards the costa; prębrachial vein forming a slightly acute
+angle at its flexure, near which it is much curved inward, and is thence
+straight to its tip; discal transverse vein slightly curved inward near
+its hind end, parted by a little more than half its length from the
+border and from the prębrachial transverse; alulę testaceous. Length of
+the body 5-1/2 lines; of the wings 9 lines.
+
+Subfam. MUSCIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. IDIA, _Meigen_.
+
+9. Idia xanthogaster, _Wied. Auss. Zweifl._ 11. 349. 2. Inhabits also
+Hindostan and Java.
+
+10. Idia testacea, _Macq. Hist. Nat. Dipt._ 77. 246. 3. Inhabits also
+Mauritius.
+
+Gen. MUSCA, _Linn._
+
+11. Musca obtrusa, _Walk._ See p. 105.
+
+Subfam. ANTHOMYIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. ARICIA, _Macq._
+
+12. ARICIA VICARIA, n. s. _Foem._ Fulva, subtus testacea; capite nigro,
+apud oculos albo; antennis testaceis; alis cinereis, apud costam
+luridis.
+
+_Female._ Tawny, testaceous beneath. Head black, white about the eyes;
+antennę testaceous; abdomen clothed with short black bristles; legs
+testaceous, tarsi piceous; wings grey, with a lurid tinge towards the
+costa; veins black, discal transverse vein nearly straight, parted by
+about its length from the border, and by a little more than its length
+from the prębrachial transverse; alulę slightly testaceous; halteres
+testaceous. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings 6 lines.
+
+13. ARICIA SQUALENS, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, cinereo tomentosa; facie
+argentea; antennis testaceis; thorace vittis nigris vittisque duabus
+lateralibus latis testaceis; abdomine obscure testaceo; pedibus piceis;
+femoribus nigris; tibiis anticis testaceis; alis cinereis; apud costam
+subluridis; venis halteribusque testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Black, with cinereous tomentum. Face silvery white; antennę
+pale testaceous, third joint long, linear, extending to the epistoma;
+thorax with black stripes, and on each side with a broad testaceous
+stripe; abdomen dull testaceous; legs piceous; femora black, fore tibię
+testaceous; wings grey, with a lurid tinge towards the costa; veins
+testaceous, discal transverse vein very slightly curved inward, parted
+by much less than its length from the border, and by a little more than
+its length from the prębrachial transverse; alulę whitish; halteres
+testaceous. Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines.
+
+Subfam. ORTALIDES, _Haliday_.
+
+Gen. LAMPROGASTER, _Macq._
+
+14. LAMPROGASTER VENTRALIS, n. s. _Foem._ Testaceo-cinerea; capite apud
+oculos albo, vertice luteo, facie pallide fulva; thorace lineis septem
+indistinctis nigricantibus; abdomine fusco maculis dorsalibus canis,
+subtus cavo lateribus ferrugineis; pedibus nigris, tibiis ferrugineo
+fasciatis; alis limpidis basi subtestaceis, fasciis incompletis
+guttisque fuscis apud costam nigricantibus.
+
+_Female._ Cinereous, with a testaceous tinge. Head white about the eyes,
+vertex luteous; face pale tawny, with white grooves for the antennę;
+antennę tawny, small; arista slightly plumose at the base; thorax with
+seven indistinct blackish lines; abdomen brown, with dorsal hoary nearly
+triangular spots, under side marsupial-like or with a pouch, ferruginous
+on each side; legs black, each tibia with a ferruginous band; wings
+limpid, slightly testaceous at the base, with brown dots and bands, the
+latter abbreviated hindward, blackish towards the costa; veins black,
+testaceous towards the base; discal transverse vein straight, parted by
+about one-third of its length from the border and by much more than its
+length from the prębrachial transverse; alulę cinereous; halteres
+testaceous. Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.
+
+Gen. TRYPETA, _Meigen_.
+
+15. TRYPETA RORIPENNIS, n. s. _Foem._ Fusca; capite nigro, facie alba;
+antennis nigris rufo-fasciatis; thorace vittis quatuor canis; abdominis
+segmentis testaceo marginatis; pedibus nigris, tarsis halteribusque
+testaceis; alis nigris, punctis plurimis albis.
+
+_Female._ Brown. Head black; face white; antennę black, third joint red,
+linear, rather long, black towards the tip; arista plumose; thorax with
+four hoary stripes; abdominal segments with testaceous hind borders;
+legs black, tarsi testaceous; wings black, with very numerous white
+points, a few of which are rather larger than the others; discal
+transverse vein straight, parted by less than its length from the
+border, and by more than twice its length from the prębrachial
+transverse; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 2 lines; of the
+wings 4 lines.
+
+
+
+
+Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects collected by Mr. A. R. WALLACE at the
+Islands of Aru and Key. By FREDERICK SMITH, Esq., Assistant in the
+Zoological Department, British Museum. Communicated by W. W. SAUNDERS,
+Esq., F.R.S., V.P.L.S.
+
+[Read December 3rd, 1858.]
+
+
+This Collection of Hymenoptera is the most important contribution which
+has been made to the Aculeata through the exertions of Mr. Wallace; in
+point of geographical distribution, it adds much to our knowledge. In
+the Aru, Key, and neighbouring islands, we meet with the extreme range
+of the Australian insect-fauna; and as might be expected, it is found
+amongst the Vespidious Group, and in one or two instances in the
+Formicidę. The latter, being frequently conveyed from one island to
+another, can perhaps scarcely be considered indicative of natural
+geographical distribution. Of the forty-six species of the Formicidous
+Group, only six were previously known to science. Of the genus
+_Podomyrma_ here established, one species only, from Adelaide, was
+previously known; it is one of the most distinct and remarkable genera
+in the family. The _Pompilidę_ are species of great beauty, some closely
+resembling those of Australia in the banding and maculation of their
+wings; amongst the _Vespidę_ will be found some of the most elegant and
+beautiful forms in the whole of that protean family of Hymenoptera.
+
+
+Fam. ANDRENIDĘ.
+
+Gen. PROSOPIS.
+
+1. PROSOPIS MALACHISIS. _P._ nigro-cęruleo-viridis, nitida et delicatulč
+punctata; alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4-1/2 lines. Deep blue-green, with tints of purple in
+certain lights, particularly on the head, the clypeus with a central
+longitudinal ridge, its anterior margin slightly emarginate; the
+flagellum rufo-piceous beneath, the ocelli white. Thorax: the wings
+hyaline and brilliantly iridescent; the legs dark rufo-piceous with a
+bright purple tinge. Abdomen delicately punctured, the head and thorax
+more strongly so; the latter with a semicircular enclosed space at its
+base, which is smooth and shining.
+
+_Hab._ Key Island.
+
+Gen. NOMIA.
+
+1. NOMIA CINCTA. _N._ nigra, capite thoraceque punctatis, pedibus
+ferrugineis; segmentis abdominis apice fulvo-testaceo late fasciatis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Black: the two basal joints of the flagellum,
+the apical margin of the clypeus, the labrum, mandibles, and legs
+ferruginous; the wings fulvo-hyaline, the nervures ferruginous, the
+tegulę more or less rufo-testaceous; the sides of the metathorax with
+tufts of pale fulvous pubescence and the floccus on the posterior femora
+of the same colour, the tibię and tarsi with short ferruginous
+pubescence. Abdomen shining, the apical margins of the segments broadly
+fulvo-testaceous, very bright, having a golden lustre.
+
+_Hab._ Key Island.
+
+2. NOMIA LONGICORNIS. _N._ nigra, lucida et delicatulč punctata, facie
+pube brevi griseā tectā, femorum posticorum flocco pallido, tibiis
+externč fusco-pubescentibus; maris antennis, capite thoraceque
+longioribus.
+
+_Male._ Length 4 lines. Brassy, with tints of green on the clypeus,
+metathorax, and thorax beneath; the head and thorax very closely and
+finely punctured; the clypeus produced and highly polished; the
+mandibles rufo-testaceous, the antennę as long as the head and thorax.
+Thorax: the wings hyaline and splendidly iridescent, the tegulę and the
+tarsi rufo-testaceous. Abdomen closely punctured, the apical margins of
+the segments smooth and shining; the head and thorax above with a pale
+fulvous pubescence, that on the sides of the metathorax and legs pale
+and glittering; the abdomen has a pale scattered glittering pubescence.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. NOMIA DENTATA. _N._ nigra et punctata, facie metathoracisque
+lateribus cinereo-pubescentibus, postscutello medio unidentato. _Mas._
+antennis filiformibus longitudine thoracis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Black; head and thorax rather finely
+punctured; the face covered with short cinereous pubescence; the clypeus
+naked and much produced, the anterior margin and the tips of the
+mandibles ferruginous; the cheek with long whitish pubescence. Thorax:
+the sides of the metathorax, the floccus on the posterior femora and the
+postscutellum with whitish pubescence, the latter produced in the middle
+into a blunt tooth; the legs fusco-ferruginous, with the anterior tibię
+and apical joints of the tarsi brighter; wings hyaline and iridescent.
+Abdomen shining and punctured, the apical margins of the two basal
+segments broadly depressed, and more finely and closely punctured than
+the rest; the apical margins of the second, third, and fourth segments
+pale testaceous; the apical margins of the two basal segments narrowly
+fringed with white pubescence, usually more or less interrupted in the
+middle.
+
+_Male._ Resembles the female very closely, but has the face much more
+pubescent; the antennę filiform and longer than the head and thorax; the
+scutellum armed at its posterior lateral angles with an acute tooth; the
+metathorax truncate and slightly concave, its base with short
+longitudinal grooves, the lateral margins fringed with long pubescence.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Subfam. DASYGASTRĘ.
+
+Gen. MEGACHILE, _Latr._
+
+1. MEGACHILE LATERITIA. _M._ nigra, abdomine pube ferrugineā vestito,
+alis fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Length 8 lines. Black; head and thorax very closely and finely
+punctured; the mandibles with a single blunt tooth at their apex; the
+anterior margin of the clypeus transverse. Thorax: the wings brown, the
+posterior pair palest, their base subhyaline. Abdomen clothed with
+bright brick-red pubescence above and beneath; the basal segment with
+bright yellow pubescence above.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+2. MEGACHILE SCABROSA. _M._ nigra, metathorace anticč rudč scabrato,
+abdomine subtłs nigro-pubescente.
+
+_Female._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Black; the clypeus, mesothorax anteriorly,
+and the posterior tibię outside coarsely rugose, the roughness on the
+thorax consisting of transverse little elevated points; the face with a
+thin griseous pubescence; the anterior margin of the clypeus fringed
+with fulvous hairs; the cheeks have a long pale fulvous pubescence.
+Thorax: the wings hyaline, the nervures black. Abdomen smooth and
+shining, with black pubescence beneath; beneath, the apical margins of
+the segments with a fringe of very short white pubescence.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. MEGACHILE INSULARIS. _M._ nigra, nitida, delicatulč punctata, facie
+pube pallidč fulvā vestitā, abdomine subtłs pube lętč ferrugineā
+vestito, alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Black; the head and thorax finely and
+closely punctured, the abdomen delicately so; the face clothed with pale
+fulvous pubescence, the mandibles with two blunt teeth at their apex;
+the clypeus shining and strongly punctured. Thorax: the wings subhyaline
+with a slight cloud at their apex; the basal joint of the posterior
+tarsi with a dense dark ferruginous pubescence within. Abdomen: the four
+basal segments with transverse impressed lines in the middle; beneath,
+clothed with bright ferruginous pubescence; the abdomen has an obscure
+ęneous tinge above.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. CROCISA, _Jurine_.
+
+1. Crocisa nitidula, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 386. 2.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Key Island; Australia; Amboyna.
+
+Gen. ALLODAPE, _St.-Farg._
+
+1. ALLODAPE NITIDA. _A._ nitida nigra, clypeo flavo, alis hyalinis,
+abdomine ad apicem punctato.
+
+_Female._ Length 3 lines. Black and shining; the clypeus yellow,
+produced in front; the sides of the face depressed; the ocelli
+prominent and reddish. Thorax very smooth and shining; the wings
+colourless and iridescent, their extreme base yellowish, the nervures
+and stigma brown, the tegulę pale testaceous-yellow; the posterior tibię
+with a scopa of glittering white hairs, the tarsi ferruginous and with
+glittering hairs. Abdomen, from the third segment to the apex, gradually
+more and more strongly and closely punctured.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. XYLOCOPA, _Latr._
+
+1. Xylocopa ęstuans, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ i. p. 961. 53 [Symbol: female];
+_St.-Farg. Hym._ ii. p. 193. 36 [Symbol: male] [Symbol: female].
+
+_Hab._ Aru; India; Singapore; Celebes.
+
+Gen. SAROPODA, _Latr._
+
+1. Saropoda bombiformis, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ p. 2. p. 318. 6.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Australia (Richmond River).
+
+Gen. ANTHOPHORA, _Latr._
+
+1. Anthophora zonata, _Linn. Syst. Nat._
+
+_Hab_. Aru Island; Celebes; Ceylon; India; Borneo; Hong-Kong; Shanghai;
+Philippine Islands.
+
+2. ANTHOPHORA ELEGANS. _A._ nigra, pube capitis thoracisque nigrā,
+abdomine fasciis quatuor lętč cęruleis ornato; tibiis posticis
+ferrugineo-pubescentibus.
+
+_Female._ Length 6 lines. Black; the labrum, a narrow line down the
+middle and another on each side of the clypeus, a minute spot above it,
+and the scape in front testaceous yellow, the base of the mandibles of a
+paler colour; the flagellum fulvous beneath. Thorax: the pubescence
+black; wings subhyaline, the nervures dark rufo-fuscous, tegulę
+obscurely testaceous. Abdomen with four fascię of brilliant blue, which
+is changeable, with pearly tints in different lights; the posterior
+tibię densely clothed outside with fulvo-ferruginous pubescence; the
+pubescence inside is black.
+
+_Hab._ Key Island.
+
+Gen. TRIGONA, _Jurine_.
+
+1. Trigona lęviceps, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins., Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc._
+ii. p. 51. 8.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Singapore; India.
+
+
+Fam. FORMICIDĘ.
+
+Gen. FORMICA.
+
+1. Formica virescens, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ ii. p. 355. 23 [Symbol: male]
+[Symbol: female] [Symbol: Mercury].--Lasius virescens, _Fabr. Syst.
+Piez._ p. 417. 8.
+
+2. Formica gracilipes, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins., Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc._
+ii. p. 55. 13 [Symbol: Mercury].
+
+3. FORMICA FRAGILIS. _F._ pallidč testacea, elongata et gracilis, capite
+posticč angustato; thorace medio compresso, pedibus elongatis; squamā
+incrassatā triangulatā.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3-1/2 lines. Pale rufo-testaceous, smooth and slightly
+shining; antennę elongate, longer than the body, the flagellum slender
+and filiform, the scape nearly as long as the head and thorax; head
+oblong, narrowed behind the eyes into a kind of neck, the sides parallel
+before the eyes, which are black and round, the clypeus slightly
+emarginate anteriorly, the mandibles finely serrated on their inner
+margin and terminating in a bent acute tooth. Thorax elongate, narrowest
+in the middle, the prothorax forming a neck anteriorly; legs elongate
+and very slender. Abdomen ovate, the node of the petiole incrassate, and
+viewed sideways is triangular or wedge-shaped.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This is one of those remarkable forms which recede so greatly from the
+normal type of _Formica_ as apparently to indicate a generic
+distinction; but in those exotic species of which we have obtained all
+the forms, we find many which approach closely to the present insect,
+which is probably only the small worker of some already described
+species. No one would venture, without the authority of the personal
+observation of some competent naturalist, to unite all the forms of any
+exotic species of _Formica_.
+
+4. FORMICA FLAVITARSUS. _F._ nigra, elongata et gracilis; thorace
+posticč compresso, pedibus elongatis, tarsis flavis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 4 lines. Black and subopake; head elongate, narrowed
+behind, the clypeus truncate anteriorly, the mandibles pale ferruginous;
+antennę elongate and slender, the flagellum filiform and pale
+rufo-testaceous; the thorax and legs elongate, the latter slender with
+their tarsi pale rufo-testaceous. Abdomen ovate, the scale of the
+petiole incrassate and slightly notched above.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+5. FORMICA COXALIS. _F._ nigra, nitida; flagello, coxis et abdomine
+subtłs pallidč testaceis.
+
+_Worker major._ Length 5 lines. Black and very delicately roughened with
+a fine transverse waved striation only perceptible under a good
+magnifying power. Head large, much wider than the thorax, oblong-ovate
+with a deep emargination behind; the clypeus slightly produced and
+truncate anteriorly, the angles of the truncation rounded, and with a
+central shining carina; the flagellum, except the tarsal joint, pale
+rufo-testaceous. Thorax elongate, compressed behind, the coxę pale
+rufo-testaceous. Abdomen ovate, the scale of the petiole incrassate,
+somewhat wedge-shaped when viewed sideways, the abdomen sparingly
+sprinkled with long pale hairs.
+
+6. FORMICA CORDATA. _F._ pallidč rufa; abdomine fusco, capite cordato.
+
+_Worker._ Length 2 lines. Pale rufo-testaceous; the head heart-shaped;
+the eyes black, the flagellum fusco-ferruginous with the basal joints
+pale; the mandibles ferruginous. Thorax narrow, deeply strangulated at
+the base of the metathorax. Abdomen more or less fuscous, the node of
+the petiole narrow and pointed above; the entire insect is smooth and
+shining.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+The _worker minor_ is rather smaller and has the abdomen darker, in all
+the specimens received, but in other respects agrees with the above.
+
+7. FORMICA OCULATA. _F._ pallidč ferruginea; capite oblongo, oculis
+magnis, thorace compresso.
+
+_Worker._ Length 2-1/2 lines. Pale ferruginous, with the vertex and apex
+of the abdomen black; the head oblong, the sides nearly parallel, with
+the anterior margin truncate; the mandibles with fine acute teeth on
+their inner margin; the antennę inserted wide apart about the middle of
+the head; the eyes very large and ovate, placed backwards on the sides
+of the head, reaching to the posterior margin of the vertex, forming as
+it were its posterior lateral angles. The thorax narrow and compressed
+behind; abdomen ovate, entirely smooth and shining.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+8. FORMICA MUTILATA. _F._ nigra; capite oblongo, truncato anticč et
+sanguineo, antennis tarsisque rufo-testaceis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 2-3/4 lines. Black and shining; the head truncate
+anteriorly, the antennę inserted wide apart, about the middle, the face
+blood-red before their insertion and deeply striated longitudinally,
+behind the antennę the head is black, smooth, and shining; the eyes
+ovate and placed backwards on the sides of the head. Thorax rounded in
+front and strangulated between the meso- and metathorax, the latter
+obliquely truncate; legs rather short and stout, the femora compressed,
+the anterior pair broadly dilated, the base and apex of the femora, the
+tibię, and tarsi rufo-testaceous, the tibię with a darker stain behind.
+Abdomen oblong-ovate, the apical margins of the segments narrowly pale
+testaceous; the scale of the petiole compressed, with its superior
+margin rounded.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This is a very singular insect in many respects, and closely resembles
+in form the _Formica truncata_ of Spinola.
+
+9. FORMICA QUADRICEPS. _F._ nigra, nitida; capite anticč obliquč
+truncato, thorace posticč compresso.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3-1/2 lines. Shining black; head oblong-quadrate,
+slightly narrowed anteriorly, with the sides nearly straight, the
+posterior angles rounded, and very slightly emarginate behind; the head
+obliquely truncate from the base of the clypeus; the truncation as well
+as the mandibles obscurely ferruginous; the apex of the flagellum and
+the apical joints of the tarsi pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax rounded
+anteriorly, compressed behind, with the metathorax abruptly truncate.
+The scale of the petiole narrow, incrassate, its anterior margin
+slightly curved, its posterior margin straight; the abdomen ovate.
+
+_Worker minor._ About 3 lines long, very like the larger _worker_, the
+head being truncate in front; but it is, in proportion to the thorax,
+narrower; the latter is compressed and abruptly truncate; in other
+respects it agrees with the _worker major_.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+10. FORMICA LĘVISSIMA. _F._ nigra nitida lęvissima, sparsč pilosa;
+squamā oblongā subdepressā.
+
+_Worker._ Length 4 lines. Jet-black, very smooth and shining; head wider
+than the thorax, slightly emarginate behind, the sides slightly rounded;
+the anterior margin of the clypeus rounded, the mandibles striated and
+obscurely ferruginous; the scape with a few glittering silvery-white
+hairs. Thorax not quite so wide as the head anteriorly, narrowed behind,
+with the disk somewhat flattened, slightly convex, a deep strangulation
+between the meso- and metathorax, the latter obliquely rounded; the legs
+and abdomen sprinkled with glittering white hairs. The node of the
+petiole incrassate, very slightly elevated; viewed sideways, broadly
+wedge-shaped; the abdomen ovate.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+11. FORMICA NITIDA. _F._ capite abdomineque nigris, antennis thoraceque
+pedibusque rufo-testaceis lęvissimis et lucidis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 4 lines. Head and abdomen shining black; the flagellum,
+thorax, legs, and scale of the petiole rufo-testaceous; the legs palest;
+the scape fuscous, with its base pale; the head large, wider than the
+abdomen, and emarginate behind; the clypeus and mandibles obscurely
+ferruginous. Thorax compressed, not strangulated in the middle. The
+scale of the petiole narrow, with its margin rounded above; abdomen
+ovate, and sprinkled with a few erect pale hairs.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+12. FORMICA SCRUTATOR. F. nigerrima, mandibulis tarsorumque articulo
+apicali pallidč ferrugineis, thorace medio profundč coarctato.
+
+_Worker._ Length 1-1/2--2 lines. Shining black; the mandibles pale,
+ferruginous, with their inner margins finely denticulate; the eyes
+placed rather forwards on the sides of the head, the latter emarginate
+behind. Thorax deeply strangulated in the middle; the metathorax
+elevated and obliquely truncate behind. Abdomen ovate; the scale of the
+petiole sub-incrassate, with its margin rounded above; the insect very
+thinly covered with a fine cinereous pile.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+13. FORMICA ANGULATA. F. nigra nitida; flagello capite anticč pedibusque
+obscurč ferrugineis, metathorace angulato.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3 lines. Shining black; head of moderate size; the
+clypeus and mandibles obscure ferruginous; the flagellum
+fusco-ferruginous, with the tip pale testaceous. Thorax rounded
+anteriorly and compressed behind; the scutellum prominent, forming a
+small tubercle; the metathorax obliquely truncate, the margin of the
+truncation elevated, so that when viewed sideways the metathorax forms
+an obtuse angular shape. Abdomen ovate, the node of the peduncle
+elevated, incrassate, rounded anteriorly, and flat behind.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. POLYRHACHIS, _Smith_.
+
+1. Formica sericata, _Guér. Voy. Coq. Zool._ ii. 203; _Atlas Ins._ pl.
+8. f. 2, 2 _a_, _b_, _c_, _d_, [Symbol: Mercury]. (Polyrhachis sericata,
+_Smith, Append. Cat. Form._ p. 200.)
+
+_Hab._ Aru; New Hebrides.
+
+2. Formica sexspinosa, _Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm._ p. 126, pl. iv. f. 21
+[Symbol: Mercury]. (Polyrhachis sexspinosa, _Smith, Cat. Form._ p. 56.
+3.)
+
+_Hab._ Aru; India; Philippine Islands.
+
+3. POLYRHACHIS MARGINATUS. _P._ niger; antennis, palpis pedibusque
+ferrugineis; thoracis marginibus recurvis, metathorace petiolique
+squamulā bidentatis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 2-1/2 lines. Black; the antennę and legs ferruginous;
+the head and thorax rugose; the prothorax transverse, its anterior
+margin slightly curved, with the lateral angles produced forwards and
+very acute; the thorax narrowed to the metathorax, which is armed with
+two divergent acute spines. Abdomen velvety black and globose; the scale
+of the petiole produced laterally into long, bent, acute spines, which
+curve backwards to the shape of the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+4. POLYRHACHIS HOSTILIS. _P._ niger, longitudinaliter striatus, thoracis
+marginibus expansis, metathorace squamulāque petioli spinis duabus
+crassis acutis curvatis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3 lines. Black; the head and thorax longitudinally
+striated, the abdomen very finely and evenly so; the prothorax
+transverse, wider than the head, the anterior and lateral margins
+recurved, the latter acute at their anterior angles, and rounded at the
+posterior ones; the lateral margins of the mesothorax recurved, a deep
+notch between the meso- and metathorax; the latter with a long, stout,
+curved, acute spine on each side. The scale of the petiole produced
+above on each side, into a long, curved, stout, acute spine, which
+curves backwards round the sides of the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+5. POLYRHACHIS LONGIPES. _P._ niger; flagelli dimidio apicali tibiisque
+anticis pallidč ferrugineis, prothorace petiolique squamulā bidentatis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3 lines. Black; the head and thorax finely rugose; the
+antennę elongate, longer than the insect; the apical half of the
+flagellum pale ferruginous. Thorax rounded above, the sides not
+margined; two spines on the thorax anteriorly, two on the metathorax,
+and two on the scale of the petiole; the legs elongate, with the
+anterior tibię ferruginous. Abdomen globose, sometimes rufo-fuscous, or
+the base obscurely rufous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+6. POLYRHACHIS SERRATUS. _P._ niger; capite thoraceque rugosis, abdomine
+densč punctato, squamā petioli transversā, margine superno serratā.
+
+_Worker._ Length 2 lines. Black, with the antennę and legs ferruginous.
+Thorax oblong-quadrate or very slightly narrowed towards the metathorax,
+slightly convex above, not margined at the sides, the divisions not
+perceptible; the head and thorax rugose and pubescent. Abdomen globose,
+shining, and closely punctured; the scale of the petiole transverse
+above, produced into an acute spine on each side, the upper margin
+finely serrated, the lateral margins narrowed to their base, and having
+two or three small sharp spines.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+7. POLYRHACHIS SCUTULATUS. _P._ niger, fortiter politus et lucidus,
+metathorace petiolique squamulā dente longo curvato acuto in latere
+utroque, pedibus nigro-ferrugineis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 2-3/4 lines. Black and very smooth and shining; the
+legs dark ferruginous. Thorax: the disk expanded, slightly convex above,
+with the margins acute and curving upwards; the anterior margin
+transverse, rather wider than the head, with the lateral angles slightly
+curved forwards, and very acute; the lateral margins of the prothorax
+curved backwards and inwards; the margins of the mesothorax are rounded;
+the pro- and mesothorax highly polished above, forming an
+escutcheon-shaped disk; the metathorax opake, and sprinkled with a few
+short glittering hairs, armed posteriorly with two long very acute
+spines, divergent and directed backwards. Abdomen globose; the scale of
+the petiole with two long curved acute spines, directed backwards to the
+curve of the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+8. POLYRHACHIS MUCRONATUS. _P._ lęvis, nitidus, niger; thorace spinis
+duabus crassis compressis acutis posticč armato.
+
+_Worker._ Length 2-1/2 lines. Black, smooth, and shining, very
+delicately and indistinctly aciculate; the antennę beneath and the tibię
+and femora obscurely ferruginous, the anterior and intermediate tibię
+brightest; the apex of the mandibles ferruginous. Thorax transverse in
+front, or very slightly curved, with the lateral angles acute; the
+thorax is rounded above, and not margined at the sides; the metathorax
+armed with two long, stout, acute compressed spines; the spines
+divergent, as well as two on the scale of the petiole, which are long
+and very acute. Abdomen globose.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+9. POLYRHACHIS GEOMETRICUS. _P._ niger; antennarum apice, tibiis
+tarsorumque apice ferrugineis, thorace circulariter striato.
+
+_Worker._ Length 2 lines. Black; the apical joints of the flagellum, the
+anterior legs, the anterior and intermediate tibię, and the apical
+joints of the tarsi pale ferruginous; the extreme base of the anterior
+tarsi black. Thorax rounded above, not margined, gradually narrowed
+posteriorly; the prothorax of the same width as the head, its lateral
+angles toothed; the disk with a circular striation. Abdomen globose and
+pubescent; the scale of the petiole compressed, its superior margin
+rounded, and with four minute teeth.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+10. POLYRHACHIS IRRITABILIS. _P._ niger, pube pallidč aureā vestitus;
+thorace quadridentato, petioli squamulā bidentatā.
+
+_Female._ Length 6-1/2 lines. Black, and densely clothed with short pale
+golden pubescence; all parts of the insect sprinkled with erect
+cinereous hairs; the mandibles shining black, the palpi pale testaceous;
+the head elongate, the eyes placed high on the sides of the head,
+ferruginous and very prominent. Thorax elongate-ovate; the prothorax
+with a short, stout, acute tooth on each side, slightly curved and
+directed forwards; the metathorax with a similar tooth on each side
+directed backwards; the wings subhyaline, the nervures fuscous; the legs
+fusco-ferruginous, the femora and coxę brightest. Abdomen ovate; the
+scale incrassate, armed above with two stout acute teeth.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This is probably the female of _P. sexspinosus_.
+
+11. POLYRHACHIS LĘVISSIMUS. _P._ niger, lęvis nitidusque; metathorace
+bispinoso, petioli squamulā quadrispinosā, pedibus ferrugineis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 2-3/4 lines. Black, very smooth and shining; the legs
+ferruginous, with the coxę, articulations, and the tarsi black. The
+thorax not flattened above, or margined at the sides; the division
+between the pro- and mesothorax distinct, that between the meso- and
+metathorax not discernible, the latter with two erect acute spines; the
+scale of the petiole with four short acute spines. Abdomen globose.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This species is very like _P. mucronatus_; on close examination,
+however, it is seen to be very distinct: it may be at once distinguished
+by its larger head, which is wider than the thorax, rounded behind the
+eyes, and widely emarginate behind.
+
+12. POLYRHACHIS BELLICOSUS. _P._ capite abdomineque nigris, thorace
+femoribusque rufis, thorace quadrispinoso, petioli squamulā bihamatā.
+
+_Worker_. Length 3-1/2 lines. Black, with the scale of the petiole,
+thorax, coxę, and femora blood-red. Thorax: the lateral margins raised
+above, with two slightly curved divergent spines in front, and two
+stout, acute, long curved spines in the middle, directed backwards; the
+scale of the petiole forming a long erect pedestal, which terminates
+above in two much bent acute hooks, directed backwards, and being as
+high as the basal segment of the abdomen; the spines and hooks black at
+the apex. Abdomen ovate.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+13. POLYRHACHIS HECTOR. _P._ niger et vestitus pube pallidč aureā;
+prothorace petiolique squamulā bispinosis, pedibus ferrugineis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3 lines. Black; the apex of the scape and the legs
+ferruginous; the extreme base of the tibię and the tarsi black; a stout
+acute spine on each side of the prothorax, directed forwards; the thorax
+flattened above, its lateral margins raised; the divisions of the
+segments very distinctly impressed; the pale golden pubescence on the
+abdomen thinner than on the head and thorax. The scale of the petiole
+angled at the sides towards its summit, the angles dentate, the upper
+margin straight, and at each lateral angle an acute spine, directed
+backwards, and curved to the shape of the abdomen; the spines parallel.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+14. POLYRHACHIS RUFOFEMORATUS. _P._ niger, lęvis, nitidus; femoribus
+abdominisque squamulā ferrugineis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3-1/2 lines. Black; head oblong; the eyes placed high
+at the sides near the vertex, the front very prominent, with two
+elevated carinę in the middle, at the outside of which the antennę are
+inserted. Thorax: the divisions strongly marked, flattened above with
+the sides elevated; the prothorax with an acute spine on each side
+anteriorly; the coxę and femora ferruginous, with the apex of the latter
+more or less fuscous. Abdomen: the base and the scale ferruginous, the
+latter angled at the sides and emarginate above.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. PONERA, _Latr._
+
+1. Ponera rugosa, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. Proc. Linn. Soc._ ii. 66. 5.
+
+_Hab._ Aru. Borneo.
+
+2. PONERA SCULPTURATA. _P._ nitida nigra; capite, thorace abdominisque
+segmentis primo et secundo profundč striatis, nodo spinis duabus acutis
+armato; pedibus abdomineque apice ferrugineis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 5 lines. Black and shiny, the legs obscurely
+ferruginous as well as the mandibles; the head strongly and evenly
+striated longitudinally. The prothorax with a circular striation above;
+behind, the thorax is compressed, the sides being obliquely striated,
+the strię uniting and crossing the central ridge of the thorax. The node
+of the petiole and basal segment of the abdomen with a curved striation,
+the second segment longitudinally striated and depressed at its base,
+which is smooth and shining; the basal half of the third segment is
+longitudinally striated.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This species is at first sight very like the _P. geometrica_ from
+Singapore; but the striation of the abdomen alone will serve to
+distinguish it.
+
+3. PONERA PARALLELA. _P._ nigra, opaca; antennis, mandibulis, pedibus
+abdominisque apice ferrugineis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3-1/4 lines. Opake black; the antennę thick and
+scarcely as long as the thorax, their apex and the mandibles bright
+ferruginous; the legs somewhat obscure ferruginous, with the
+articulations much brighter; the head a little wider than the thorax and
+subovate; the thorax, node of the petiole, and the abdomen of nearly
+equal width, the abdomen being slightly the widest; the node of the
+petiole nearly quadrate; the apical margin of the first segment and base
+of the second slightly depressed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+4. PONERA QUADRIDENTATA. _P._ atro-fusca; antennis, facie anticč,
+antennis, mandibulis, tibiis tarsisque ferrugineis; alis subhyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 3-1/2 lines. Nigro-fuscous; the antennę with a carina
+between their base, the face anteriorly, the mandibles, the legs, and
+the abdomen at its apex and beneath, ferruginous; the femora and coxę
+above, fuscous; the head subquadrate with the angles rounded; the eyes
+small and placed forwards on the sides of the head towards the base of
+the mandibles, the latter with four strong teeth on their inner margin.
+Thorax oblong-ovate with the metathorax truncate; the wings
+fusco-hyaline, the stigma large and black. Abdomen: the second segment
+slightly narrowed at its base, the node of the petiole incrassate and
+compressed, its upper margin rounded. The insect entirely covered with a
+short downy cinereous pile, the abdomen having also a number of
+scattered erect glittering hairs.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. ECTATOMMA, _Smith_.
+
+1. ECTATOMMA RUGOSA. _E._ fusco-brunnea; capite, thorace, nodoque
+rugosis; abdomine delicatulč aciculato.
+
+_Worker._ Length 4 lines. Obscure fusco-ferruginous, the antennę and
+legs bright ferruginous; the head, thorax, and node of the petiole
+coarsely rugose; the eyes very prominent and glassy; the mandibles
+longitudinally but very delicately striated, their inner margin
+edentate; the thorax slightly narrowed behind. Abdomen very delicately
+aciculate.
+
+_Male._ Length 3-1/2 lines. Of the same colour, and sculptured like the
+worker; the head rounded behind the eyes and narrowed before them; the
+eyes very large, prominent and ovate; the ocelli very bright and
+prominent; antennę elongate and slender, the scape short, not longer
+than the second joint of the flagellum. Thorax: the scutellum prominent,
+forming a rounded tubercle, the metathorax elongate and oblique. Abdomen
+aciculate as in the worker, but much more deeply strangulated between
+the first and second segments; the petiole rugose and clavate.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. ODONTOMACHUS, _Latr._
+
+1. Odontomachus simillimus, _Smith, Cat. Form._ p. 80. 11 [Symbol:
+female].
+
+_Hab._ Aru. Ceylon.
+
+2. ODONTOMACHUS TYRANNICUS. _O._ capite thoraceque nigris, antennis
+abdomineque ferrugineis, margine interno mandibulorum serratulo.
+
+_Worker._ Length 7 lines. Head oblong, narrowed behind, posteriorly
+deeply emarginate; the mandibles rufo-piceous, brightest at their apex,
+which is armed with two long teeth which are bent abruptly inwards,
+their tips black; the anterior portion of the head striated obliquely
+from the centre; the head, behind the anterior sulcation, very smooth
+and shining and having a deep longitudinal central depression. Thorax
+transversely striated, the articulations of the legs and the tarsi
+ferruginous. Abdomen smooth, shining, and ferruginous; the node of the
+petiole incrassate, cylindric, and tapering upwards into a very acute
+spine.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. ODONTOMACHUS MALIGNUS. _O._ ferrugineus; capite suprą obliquč
+striato; margine interno mandibulorum confertim serrato; metathorace
+transversim striato; squamā unispinosā; abdomine lęvissimo.
+
+_Worker._ Length 7 lines. Ferruginous; the flagellum and legs palest;
+head much narrowed behind, the posterior margin deeply emarginate;
+mandibles smooth and shining, their inner margin strongly serrated,
+their apex abruptly bent or elbowed, and armed with two stout teeth; the
+face anteriorly evenly striated obliquely; the head behind the anterior
+sulcation very delicately striated obliquely. The prothorax smooth and
+shining, the meso- and metathorax transversely striated. Abdomen very
+smooth and shining; the node of the petiole incrassate and tapering
+upwards into an acute spine.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This species most closely resembles _O. maxillaris_ from Brazil; but
+its smooth polished prothorax alone would distinguish it; its head is
+much broader anteriorly, and less elongate.
+
+Gen. PSEUDOMYRMA, _Guér._
+
+1. PSEUDOMYRMA LĘVICEPS. _P._ nigra, lęvis et nitida; antennis,
+mandibulis, tibiis anterioribus, tarsisque rufo-fulvis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 2-1/4 lines. Black and shining; head very smooth and
+slightly emarginate behind, the eyes large and ovate; the mandibles and
+antennę rufo-fulvous. Thorax with the sides flattened, the disk slightly
+convex; a deep strangulation between the meso- and metathorax, the
+latter rounded above and oblique behind; the trochanters, articulations
+of the legs, and the tarsi rufo-fulvous. Abdomen thinly covered with a
+fine cinereous pile; the first node of the petiole somewhat
+oblong-ovate, the second subglobose, the petiole of the first node
+short.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. PODOMYRMA, _Smith_.
+
+_Head_ oblong in the _female_, rather wider than the thorax; in the
+_worker_ subovate and much wider; _eyes_ small, ovate and placed about
+the middle at the sides of the head; _antennę_ geniculated, the scape
+about two thirds of the length of the flagellum which is clavate, the
+club three-jointed; the _mandibles_ stout and dentate; the _labial
+palpi_ 3-jointed; the _maxillary palpi_ 4-jointed. _Thorax_,
+oblong-ovate in the _female_, in the _worker_ transverse in front and
+narrowed behind with the metathorax bidentate; the anterior wings with
+one elongate marginal cell and two submarginal cells, the second
+extending to the apex of the wing; the legs stout, the femora
+incrassate; abdomen ovate, the peduncle with two nodes.
+
+The insects included in this genus are undoubtedly most nearly allied to
+those belonging to the genus _Myrmecina_; but, excepting that they agree
+in having the same number of joints in the palpi, they have little
+resemblance to each other. With the exception of the genus _Myrmecia_,
+these are the largest insects in the subfamily Myrmicidę; and all the
+species are distinguished by their remarkably thickened femora and
+margined thorax: we are unacquainted with the males.
+
+1. PODOMYRMA FEMORATA. _P._ ferruginea; capite oblongo, obliquč striato,
+thorace abdomineque lęvibus nitidis; alis subhyalinis fusco-nebulosis;
+femoribus valdč incrassatis, basi tenuissimis, femoribus posticis infrą
+compressis.
+
+_Female._ Length 8 lines. Rufo-testaceous; the mandibles and anterior
+margin of the face black, the inner margin of the mandibles rufo-piceous
+and armed with six short stout teeth, the apical tooth largest. The head
+oblong, slightly narrowed posteriorly and emarginate behind,
+longitudinally striated, the strię diverging from the centre at the
+anterior ocellus; at half the distance between the posterior ocelli and
+the margin of the vertex the strię are transverse. Thorax smooth and
+shining, with scattered fulvous hairs; the wings fusco-hyaline, with a
+dark fuscous stain occupying the marginal cell and traversing the course
+of all the nervures; the legs with the femora much incrassated, the
+posterior pair compressed beneath into a flattened process or keel.
+Abdomen ovate, smooth, shining, and with a scattered fulvous pubescence;
+the first node of the petiole rounded in front, narrowed and truncate
+behind, with a large compressed tooth beneath; the second node
+subglobose.
+
+_Worker major._ Length 4 lines. Ferruginous, entirely smooth and
+shining; the thorax, legs, and abdomen more or less obscure, the femora
+being usually rufo-piceous; the mandibles striated with their margins
+black. Thorax nearly flat above, very slightly convex with the sides
+margined, the anterior margin slightly rounded, the lateral angles
+produced into small acute spines; a deep strangulation at the base of
+the metathorax, a little before which the lateral margins are produced
+into an angular tooth, the metathorax with two short acute spines; the
+femora thickly incrassate. Abdomen ovate.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+2. PODOMYRMA STRIATA. _P._ ferruginea; capite thoraceque
+longitudinaliter striatis, femoribus valdč incrassatis, basi
+tenuissimis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3 lines. Rufo-ferruginous with the abdomen obscure,
+becoming blackish at the apex, the head coarsely striated, with a
+central portion from the insertion of the antennę to the hinder margin
+of the vertex delicately so; the mandibles striated, with the teeth on
+their inner margin black. Thorax rugose-striate, the anterior lateral
+angles dentate, the metathorax without spines; the femora thickly
+incrassate and greatly attenuated at their base. Abdomen ovate, smooth
+and shining; the nodes of the petiole rugose.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This species resembles _P. femorata_, but is easily distinguished by its
+striated head and thorax; the latter is similarly flattened above and
+margined at the sides; the femora are also thickened precisely as in
+that species.
+
+3. PODOMYRMA LĘVIFRONS. _P._ obscurč ferruginea; capite abdomineque
+lęvissimis lucidisque; thorace longitudinaliter striato; femoribus medio
+valdč incrassatis, basi tenuissimis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 2-1/2 lines. Head and abdomen smooth, shining black, in
+some examples fusco-ferruginous; the antennę, legs, and thorax
+ferruginous, the latter longitudinally striated; the thorax margined at
+the sides, the disk slightly convex, the anterior margin slightly
+rounded, with the lateral angles armed with short acute spines, the
+thorax deeply strangulated posteriorly, the metathorax not spined; the
+femora thickly swollen in the middle and very slender at their base and
+apex. Abdomen ovate, the first node of the petiole oblong, the second
+globose.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+There is considerable variation in intensity of colouring in examples of
+this species, the thorax and legs being sometimes pale ferruginous; in
+the specimen described they are dark; every shade of gradation occurs in
+different individuals.
+
+4. PODOMYRMA BASALIS. _P._ fusco-ferruginea; abdominis basi pallidč
+testacea; femoribus medio incrassatis, basi tenuibus.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3 lines. Obscurely ferruginous, the scape of the
+antennę, the base of the femora and the tibię pale ferruginous; the base
+of the abdomen pale testaceous; the head and thorax with deep coarse
+longitudinal furrows; the flagellum blackish-brown towards its apex,
+with the extreme tip pale. Thorax: the anterior margin slightly rounded
+with the lateral angles very acute; the femora very thickly incrassate
+in the middle; the apex of the tibię ferruginous. Abdomen smooth and
+shining; the basal half pale testaceous, the apical half and the
+following segments black; the nodes of the petiole rugose; the first
+node elongate, with a short acute tooth at the base above, and a blunt
+one beneath.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. MYRMICA, _Latr._
+
+1. MYRMICA PARALLELA. _M._ rufo-fulva; antennis pedibusque pallidč
+testaceis; abdomine fusco-ferrugineo; capite thoraceque longitudinaliter
+striatis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 1 line. Head and thorax ferruginous and longitudinally
+and evenly striated; antennę and legs pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax
+margined at the sides, the disk slightly convex, the anterior margin
+transverse, the lateral angles acute; the metathorax with two short
+spines; abdomen dark fusco-ferruginous, the nodes of the petiole
+subrugose; club of the antennę 3-jointed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+2. MYRMICA SCABROSA. _M._ nigra; capite thoraceque scabrosis,
+metathorace bispinoso, abdomine ovato lęvi.
+
+_Worker._ Length 1 line. Black; the head, thorax, and nodes of the
+petiole roughened; the mandibles, flagellum and tarsi rufo-testaceous;
+the lateral angles of the prothorax acute, the sides narrowed slightly
+to the base of the metathorax, the spines on the latter acute; nodes of
+the petiole globose. Abdomen ovate, smooth and shining; club of the
+antennę 3-jointed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. MYRMICA THORACICA. _M._ capite abdomineque nigris; antennis,
+mandibulis thorace pedibusque flavis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3/4 line. Head and abdomen jet-black; the antennę,
+thorax, and legs of a clear honey-yellow; the mandibles of a more
+obscure yellow; the anterior margin of the thorax transverse, the
+lateral angles acute, narrowed from thence to the base of the
+mesothorax, the disk anteriorly slightly convex; the metathorax armed
+with two acute spines. Abdomen nearly round, and very smooth and
+shining; the first node of the petiole vertical anteriorly, and
+gradually rounded behind, the second node transverse, its anterior
+margin straight, the angles rounded, the sides narrowed towards the
+abdomen; the club of the antennę 3-jointed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+The singular form of the thorax of this species, as well as the
+construction of the nodes of the petiole, appear to indicate an
+uncharacterized division of the genus _Myrmica_.
+
+4. MYRMICA SUSPICIOSA. _M._ rufo-testacea, lęvis, tota nitidissima nuda;
+mandibulis, antennis, pedum articulationibus tarsisque palles-centibus;
+metathoracis spinis minutissimis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 1 line. Rufo-testaceous and very smooth and shining;
+the antennę as long as the insect; the flagellum, mandibles, tarsi, and
+articulations of the legs pale testaceous. The thorax narrowed
+anteriorly into a short neck, behind which it is dilated, the sides
+being rounded, the meso- and metathorax narrower and of nearly equal
+width, the spines of the metathorax minute and slender. The first node
+of the petiole somewhat wedge-shaped, the second globose, the abdomen
+very smooth and shining; club of the antennę 3-jointed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+I can detect no specific difference between this and _Myrmica lęvigata_,
+taken by myself in the neighbourhood of London; but it is not uncommonly
+met with in hothouses, near to which I captured my specimen. I believe
+_M. lęvigata_ is identical with _OEcophthora pusilla_, the House-Ant of
+Madeira.
+
+5. MYRMICA MELLEA. _M._ capite thoraceque flavis; abdomine pallidč
+fusco.
+
+_Worker._ Length 1-3/4 line. Head, antennę, thorax, and legs
+honey-yellow and very smooth and shining; thorax strangulated at the
+base of the metathorax, which is not spined; the first node of the
+abdomen is oblique anteriorly, and vertical behind, the second node
+subglobose. Abdomen: the base honey-yellow, the apical margin of the
+first segment, and the following segments entirely, pale fuscous; the
+club of the antennę 2-jointed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+6. MYRMICA CARINATA. _M._ obscurč fusco-ferruginea; thorace rufo-fulvo;
+capite thoraceque carinis irregularibus; metathorace spinis duabus
+longis armato.
+
+_Worker._ Length 1-1/4 lines. Head and abdomen black, with more or less
+of an obscure ferruginous tinge, particularly at the vertex and base of
+the abdomen; the thorax and nodes of the petiole ferruginous; the legs
+rufo-piceous, with the tarsi and articulations ferruginous, the antennę
+and mandibles ferruginous; the head and thorax with irregular distant
+longitudinal carinę; the sides of the thorax rugose; the spines on the
+metathorax long and acute; the abdomen very smooth and shining; the club
+of the antennę 3-jointed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. CREMATOGASTER, _Lund_.
+
+1. Crematogaster obscura, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins., Journ. Proc. Linn.
+Soc._ ii. 76. 4 [Symbol: Mercury].
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Borneo.
+
+2. CREMATOGASTER ELEGANS. _C._ pallidč rufo-testaceus; abdomine
+nigerrimo nitido; thorace bispinoso.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3/4 line. Entirely pale rufo-testaceous, excepting the
+eyes and abdomen which are jet black; the nodes of the petiole pale,
+smooth, and shining. Head about the same width as the abdomen. The
+lateral angles of the anterior margin of the prothorax acute, the
+metathorax armed with two long acute spines. Abdomen heart-shaped, its
+apex acute.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. CREMATOGASTER INSULARIS. _C._ niger, lęvis et nitidus; antennis
+tarsisque pallidč testaceis; thorace spinis duabus acutis armato.
+
+_Worker._ Length 1-1/4 line. Black, smooth and shining; the vertex,
+thorax and nodes of the peduncle with an obscure ferruginous tinge; the
+antennę, tarsi, and articulations of the legs pale rufo-testaceous; the
+spines which arm the metathorax stout, elongate, and acute, with their
+apex pale testaceous. Abdomen heart-shaped and very acute at the apex.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. SOLENOPSIS, _Westw._
+
+1. SOLENOPSIS CEPHALOTES. _S._ pallidč ferruginea; capite maximč in
+medio sulcato, abdomine apice fusco.
+
+_Worker major._ Length 2-1/2 lines. Pale ferruginous, with the anterior
+part of the face darker, the mandibles incrassate and very dark
+fusco-ferruginous; head very large and divided by a deep longitudinal
+channel, emarginate behind, nearly quadrate; the eyes small and placed
+forwards on the sides of the head. The metathorax truncate, not spined.
+Abdomen ovate, truncate at the base, its apex fuscous; the first node of
+the petiole compressed, its margin rounded above, the second node
+incrassate and subglobose; club of the antennę 2-jointed.
+
+_Worker minor._ Length 1-1/2 line. Of the same colour as the _worker
+major_, but with the head of the ordinary size and slightly narrowed
+behind, the mandibles of the same colour as the head; the legs and
+antennę longer, as well as the petiole of the abdomen; the body is very
+smooth and shining, the club of the antennę 2-jointed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Subfam. CRYPTOCERIDĘ, _Smith_.
+
+Gen. MERANOPLUS, _Smith_.
+
+1. MERANOPLUS SPINOSUS. _M._ castaneo-rufus; abdomine nigro, thorace
+sexspinoso; abdomine ovato.
+
+_Worker._ Length 1-1/2 line. Head and thorax rugose; the antennę and
+tarsi rufo-testaceous; the eyes rather prominent, the groove above them
+at the sides of the head extending backwards to the vertex. Thorax: the
+anterior margin curved forwards, the lateral angles produced into a
+bifurcate process on each side, behind the processes, slightly narrowed
+to the base of a long curved tooth; the posterior margin emarginate with
+a long sharp spine at each angle of the emargination; the node of the
+petiole globose. Abdomen black, smooth and shining.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+
+Fam. MUTILLIDĘ, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. MUTILLA, _Linn._
+
+1. Mutilla Sibylla, _Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc._ ii. 86. 11 [Symbol:
+female].
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Borneo; Celebes.
+
+2. MUTILLA MANIFESTA. _M._ capite abdomineque nigris, thorace
+sanguineo-rubro, maris alis nigro-fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4-3/4 lines. Head black and rugose. The thorax
+blood-red and coarsely rugose, its anterior margin widest and straight,
+the sides gradually narrowed to the apex in a slight curve; the lateral
+margins have two teeth not wide apart. Abdomen black, rugose, and
+slightly shining, with black pubescence above; on the under surface it
+is glittering silvery-white; the legs and sides of the thorax have a
+similar pubescence.
+
+_Male._ The same size as the female, and the same colour; the eyes
+notched. The thorax oblong-quadrate, the posterior lateral angles acute;
+the tegulę large and red; the wings dark brown, with their extreme base
+hyaline. Abdomen shining black, the first and second segments strongly
+punctured, the rest much more finely and not very closely so.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. MUTILLA CARINATA. _M._ capite thoraceque metallico-purpureis viridi
+tinctis, pedibus ferrugineis, abdomine nigro, basi pallido fasciatā,
+segmento secundo ad apicem fasciā bilobatā ornato.
+
+_Female._ Length 4-1/4 lines. The head and thorax of a metallic purple
+tint with shades of green and copper; the scape of the antennę, the
+mandibles, palpi, and legs ferruginous; the head and thorax closely and
+strongly punctured. The abdomen velvety black; the base truncate, the
+truncation smooth and shining; its margin carinate; the upper surface of
+the basal segment yellowish-white, a broad bilobed fascia of the same
+colour at the apical margin of the second segment; the apex ferruginous.
+_Male._ The head and thorax metallic green, strongly and closely
+punctured; abdomen black and shining, much more finely punctured than
+the thorax; wings light brown, with their base and extreme apex hyaline;
+the legs ferruginous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+4. MUTILLA NIGRA. _M._ nigra et punctata, abdomine lęvi et nitido,
+delicatulč punctato, alis fuscis, basi hyalinis.
+
+_Male._ Length 6-1/2 lines. Black; head and thorax closely and strongly
+punctured; the eyes slightly notched; the face with silvery-white
+pubescence, the mandibles shining, the palpi black. Thorax: the
+metathorax densely clothed with yellowish-white pubescence; the legs
+with glittering white hairs, the calcaria white; wings brown with their
+base hyaline. Abdomen smooth and shining, delicately and sparingly
+punctured, with a few silvery hairs at the sides.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+5. MUTILLA EXILIS. _M._ nigra et punctata; abdomine lęvigato, nitido;
+alis subhyalinis; facie et metathorace pube argentatā vestitis.
+
+_Male._ Length 6-1/2 lines. Black; head and thorax strongly punctured;
+the eyes emarginate, the face with glittering silvery-white pubescence,
+the cheek thinly sprinkled with silvery hairs; the palpi testaceous.
+Thorax: the metathorax densely clothed with silvery pubescence, beneath,
+at the sides, and also the legs with scattered silvery hairs, the
+calcaria white; the tegulę shining; the wings subhyaline with the
+nervures dark fuscous. Abdomen shining black, smooth, and very
+delicately and sparingly punctured, the apical margins of the segments
+very thinly fringed with glittering silvery hairs.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+
+Tribe FOSSORES, _Latr._
+
+Fam. SCOLIADĘ, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. MYZINE.
+
+1. MYZINE TENUICORNIS. _M._ nigra, alis hyalinis, abdomine nitido
+flavoque variegato.
+
+_Male._ Length 7 lines. Black; the head and thorax very closely
+punctured, thinly clothed with griseous pubescence, that on the face,
+thorax beneath, and on the coxę most dense and glittering; antennę more
+slender than is usual in this genus, and tapering to their apex, the
+joints slightly subarcuate; the mandibles bidentate at their apex and
+with a yellow spot at their base. Thorax: the posterior margin of the
+prothorax, a spot beneath the wings, the tegulę, and the postscutellum
+yellow; the anterior and intermediate tibię ferruginous and more or less
+dusky above, the posterior pair ferruginous beneath. Abdomen shining,
+the margins of the segments deeply depressed; a small ovate spot on each
+side of the first segment, the second and three following segments with
+a narrow stripe on each side in the middle, yellow; the yellow markings
+obscure; the apical segment coarsely rugose; beneath, the segments are
+closely and strongly punctured.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. SCOLIA, _Fabr._
+
+Division I. The anterior wings with two submarginal cells and two
+recurrent nervures.
+
+1. Scolia grossa, _Burm. Abh. Nat. Ges. Halle_, i. p. 23. (Tiphia
+grossa, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 232. 4.)
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Java.
+
+The specimens of this species received from Aru are only 9 lines in
+length; I have examined others from Celebes, Borneo, India, and Java,
+showing every difference between 9 lines and 18 lines.
+
+Division II. Anterior wings with two submarginal cells and one recurrent
+nervure.
+
+2. SCOLIA NITIDA. _S._ nitida, aterrima; alis ęneo et violaceo splendidč
+micantibus.
+
+_Female._ Length 11 lines. Shining jet-black, the abdomen with prismatic
+tints. The flagellum fusco-ferruginous beneath, the mandibles
+ferruginous at their apex; the wings dark brown with a splendid lustre
+of coppery and golden tints mixed with shades of violet. The head with a
+few punctures behind the ocelli; the thorax with scattered punctures;
+the metathorax finely but not closely punctured; the disk of the
+mesothorax impunctate; the abdomen with fine scattered punctures; the
+apical segment opake, rugose, and with its apical margin pale
+testaceous; the abdomen beneath with strong distant punctures.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. SCOLIA FULGIDIPENNIS. _S._ nitida, nigra; abdomine prismatico, alis
+fuscis viride et violaceo micantibus.
+
+_Female._ Length 12-13 lines. Jet-black, shining; head very smooth, the
+hinder margin of the vertex finely punctured, the face with a few fine
+scattered punctures; the flagellum obscurely rufo-fuscous. Thorax finely
+punctured, the disk of the mesothorax impunctate; wings dark brown with
+a splendid green iridescence, with violet tints towards their base; the
+legs thickly spinose and pubescent; the calcaria simple. Abdomen with
+scattered fine punctures; the apical segment densely clothed with black
+pubescence; beneath, with strong scattered punctures.
+
+_Male._ Rather smaller than the female, much more closely punctured, and
+not so shining and smooth; the face with a transverse arched carina
+above the insertion of the antennę, which enters the emargination of the
+eyes; the clypeus strongly punctured; in other respects resembling the
+female.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This species belongs to Guérin's division Liacos, of which _S.
+dimidiata_ is the type; the third discoidal cell is petiolated, the
+petiole entering the second submarginal about the middle.
+
+4. SCOLIA INSULARIS. _S._ nitida nigra; abdomine prismatico, alis
+obscurč fuscis cupreo submicantibus.
+
+_Male._ Length 7-9 lines. Shining black; head punctured, the vertex most
+finely and distinctly so. Thorax punctured, the disk of the mesothorax
+impunctate, the punctures wide apart on the scutellum and metathorax;
+the wings dark brown with a coppery iridescence, which has a remarkable
+dimness as if breathed upon. The basal segment of the abdomen strongly
+and closely punctured; the following segments more finely and distantly
+punctured, particularly the second and third segments.
+
+_Hab._ Key Island.
+
+5. SCOLIA QUADRICEPS. _S._ nitida nigra; foeminę capite magno
+subquadrato, alis fuscis cupreo iridescentibus.
+
+_Female._ Length 6-8 lines. Black and shining; head subquadrate, smooth
+and shining, as wide as the thorax, with a few punctures at the sides of
+the face and between the antennę. Thorax finely punctured, with the disk
+of the mesothorax impunctate; wings dark brown with a rich coppery
+iridescence. Abdomen with a fine prismatic lustre, closely and strongly
+punctured towards the apex and at the extreme base, the second segment
+and the middle of the third with only a few very fine scattered
+punctures.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This species also belongs to the division Liacos; the petiolated cell is
+small and oblong-quadrate; the male exactly resembles the female, except
+that its head is smaller and narrower than the thorax; the abdomen is
+rather more strongly punctured.
+
+Gen. POMPILUS, _Fabr._
+
+1. POMPILUS DUBIUS. _P._ niger, pilis mutabili-sericeis tectus; alis
+subhyalinis, apice nebuloso.
+
+_Female._ Length 4-1/4 lines. Black and covered with a thin changeable
+silvery pile, which is most dense on the sides of the metathorax and
+base of the segments of the abdomen. The vertex emarginate behind, the
+eyes very large, their inner orbits emarginate, reaching high on the
+sides of the head nearly to the margin of the vertex; the clypeus
+emarginate in front, the labrum produced. Thorax: the prothorax
+subelongate, narrowed anteriorly; the wings subhyaline, their apex
+clouded; the intermediate and posterior tibię with a double row of
+spines; all the tarsi simple; the calcaria stout and elongate. Abdomen
+shining, with the margins of the segments slightly depressed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Subgen. AGENIA, _Schiödte_.
+
+1. Agenia blanda, _Guér. Voy. Coq. Zool._ pt. 2. ii. p. 260.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes; India; Singapore; Malacca; Borneo; Key Island.
+
+2. AGENIA CALLISTO. _A._ nigra, pilis sericeis vestita; facie thoraceque
+subtłs pube argentato-albā densč: vestitis; alis fasciis duabus
+angustis.
+
+_Female._ Length 8 lines. Black; the face, clypeus, and cheeks with a
+dense silvery-white pile; the tips of the mandibles obscurely
+ferruginous, the palpi black. Thorax with a brilliant silvery-white pile
+on the sides, beneath, and on the coxę; the metathorax transversely
+rugose; the wings hyaline; the anterior pair with a narrow fuscous
+fascia at the apex of the externo-medial cell, and a second rather
+broader at the base of the marginal cell, which does not quite cross the
+wing; the apex of the wing fuscous. Abdomen petiolated, smooth and
+shining, with a beautiful glossy pile, which is most dense at the sides;
+the apical segment longitudinally subcarinated in the middle above.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. AGENIA JUCUNDA. _A._ nitida nigra; facie metathorace abdomineque pube
+sericeā vestitis; antennis, pedibus, abdominisque marginibus apicalibus
+ferrugineis; alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Black; head, pro- and mesothorax, as well
+as the scutellum, glassy-smooth and shining; the face covered with
+silvery-white pile; the antennę, tips of the mandibles, and the legs
+ferruginous; the palpi elongate and pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax: the
+wings hyaline and iridescent, the nervures very slender and pale
+rufo-testaceous, the stigma fuscous; the metathorax rounded behind,
+transversely rugose, and covered with silvery-white pile. Abdomen
+petiolated; the apical margins of the second and following segments
+ferruginous, the apical segment entirely so; the ferruginous band on
+each segment produced in the middle into an angular shape; on the
+abdomen beneath they are similarly produced; the basal segment entirely
+ferruginous, with a black spot on each side.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+4. AGENIA ALTHEA. _A._ nigra; facie pube argentato-albā vestitā, thorace
+abdomineque sericeo pubescentibus; alis hyalinis, venis nigris.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Black; the face silvery; the anterior margin
+of the clypeus rounded and narrowly smooth and shining; tips of the
+mandibles ferruginous; the mandibles elongate and pale rufo-testaceous.
+Thorax: the metathorax finely transversely rugose, the sides with bright
+silvery-white pubescence; the coxę, the thorax beneath and on the sides,
+with fine silky sericeous pile; the anterior tibię and tarsi, and all
+the femora at their apex beneath, ferruginous; wings hyaline and
+iridescent, nervures black; the outer margin of the tegulę testaceous.
+Abdomen shining, and with a fine silvery sericeous pile; the apical
+margins of the segments narrowly rufo-piceous; the terminal segment with
+an elongate, smooth, shining space, which extends to the apex, which is
+testaceous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+5. AGENIA ALCYONE. _A._ nigra, pilis sericeis cinereis vestita; antennis
+pedibusque ferrugineis, alis hyalinis; abdomine petiolato; marginibus
+apicalibus segmentorum flavis.
+
+_Male._ Length 7 lines. Black; the antennę, tips of the mandibles, and
+the legs ferruginous; the scape in front, a narrow line on the inner
+orbit of the eyes, and the anterior portion of the clypeus yellow; the
+antennę fuscous above towards their base. Thorax: the femora beneath
+towards their base, the trochanters and coxę, except their apex, black;
+the apical joints of the intermediate and posterior tarsi fuscous; wings
+hyaline, the nervures fusco-ferruginous, the tegulę reddish-yellow.
+Abdomen petiolated; the apical margins of the segments with
+reddish-yellow fascię; beneath, the margins of the segments are
+rufo-piceous, not fasciated.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+6. AGENIA AMALTHEA. _A._ nigra, pilis tenuibus cinereis sericeis
+vestita; antennis anticč pedibusque anticis et intermediis anticč
+ferrugineis; abdomine petiolato; alis hyalinis bifasciatis.
+
+_Female._ Length 6 lines. Black; the face densely covered with silvery
+pile; the antennę in front, the anterior margin of the clypeus and the
+tips of the mandibles ferruginous; palpi elongate and pale
+rufo-testaceous. Thorax: the posterior margin of the prothorax narrowly,
+the tegulę, the anterior and intermediate femora in front, the posterior
+pair towards their apex beneath, the anterior tibię and tarsi, the
+intermediate and posterior tibię more or less beneath, and their tarsi,
+ferruginous; the tarsi sometimes dusky above; the wings hyaline, a
+narrow fuscous fascia at the apex of the externo-medial cell, and a
+broad one crossing at, and being the width of, the second and third
+submarginal cells; tips of the wings milky-white; the metathorax rounded
+posteriorly, transversely finely rugose and densely covered with short
+silvery-white pubescence at the sides and apex. Abdomen petiolated,
+smooth and shining, with the apex and the margins of the segments
+narrowly rufo-piceous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. PRIOCNEMIS, _Schiödte_.
+
+1. PRIOCNEMIS PULCHERRIMUS. _P._ lętč ruber; alis flavo-hyalinis, apice
+latč fusco, abdominis lateribus nigris.
+
+_Female._ Length 7-1/2 lines. Bright red; the anterior margin of the
+clypeus with a minute tooth in the centre; the tips of the mandibles
+fuscous. The metathorax slightly striated transversely, and with a
+central as well as a lateral longitudinal groove; the wings
+flavo-hyaline, their apex with a fuscous cloud, which commences at the
+base of the first discoidal cell, the extreme tips pale; the tibię and
+tarsi with short slender spines; the extreme apex of the joints of the
+posterior tarsi black. Abdomen: the short petiole of the basal segment,
+and the sides of the second, third, and fourth segments black, leaving a
+red line down the middle of each; beneath, the second, third, and base
+of the fourth segments black.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+2. PRIOCNEMIS FERVIDUS. _P._ capite, antennis, thorace pedibusque
+ferrugineis; abdomine nigro; alis fuscis basi subhyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 9 lines. Ferruginous, with the abdomen black; the
+anterior margin of the clypeus rounded. The metathorax transversely
+rugose; the pectus, and coxę at their base within, black; wings brown,
+with a violet iridescence, their base rufo-hyaline; the intermediate and
+posterior tibię with a double row of spines, all the tarsi spinose.
+Abdomen shining black, with the extreme apex slightly ferruginous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. MACROMERIS, _St.-Farg._
+
+1. MACROMERIS IRIDIPENNIS. _M._ cęruleo-nigra; abdomine iridescente,
+alis cęruleo-violaceoque splendidč micantibus; pedibus mutieis,
+simplicibus.
+
+_Female._ Length 12 lines. Blue-black; abdomen with a changeable
+iridescent pile; head and thorax with a black velvety pubescence; the
+metathorax very finely rugose and opake; the legs simple; the posterior
+tibię villose within; the wings very dark brown, with a splendid violet
+and blue iridescence.
+
+_Male._ Very closely resembling the female, but rather smaller; the
+anterior and intermediate femora more incrassate, and all the femora
+with a simple row of teeth or serrations on their inferior margins.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Although this species of _Macromeris_ is very similar in colour to the
+_M. violacea_ of St.-Fargeau, the femora are not so thick as in that
+species, not in fact much more so than in the female; and the row of
+teeth beneath is a strong specific character.
+
+Gen. SALIUS, _Fabr._
+
+1. SALIUS MALIGNUS. _S._ niger, pube cinereā sericeā vestitus; alis
+fuscis, albo fasciatis.
+
+_Female._ Length 9 lines. Black, and covered with a fine thin ashy pile;
+the scape in front, and the anterior margin of the clypeus narrowly,
+obscure yellow; the mandibles ferruginous at their apex, which has a
+single notch; the palpi pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax: the prothorax with
+a slightly interrupted narrow fascia a little before its posterior
+margin, and the scutellum, yellow; the anterior femora broadly dilated,
+and, as well as the anterior tibię, ferruginous within; the intermediate
+tibię ferruginous at their apex in front, and the posterior pair with a
+yellowish-white spot at their base outside; the calcaria pale
+testaceous, the claws ferruginous, the anterior tarsi entirely so, but
+more or less obscure; the posterior tibię slightly spinose; the anterior
+wings brown, with a white fascia crossing at the first discoidal cell,
+and a second at the apex of the third submarginal, the extreme base and
+the anterior margin of the externo-medial cell hyaline. Abdomen: the
+apical margins of the segments with a little bright silvery pile.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. MYGNIMIA, _Smith_.
+
+1. MYGNIMIA ASPASIA. _M._ cęruleo-nigra; capite thoraceque pube
+holosericeā vestitis; alis fulvo-hyalinis; abdomine pilis iridescentibus
+vestito.
+
+_Female._ Length 14 lines. Black, with shades of blue in certain lights;
+the abdomen with bright tints of blue and violet, caused by fine
+iridescent changeable pile; the legs have a similar pile, very bright on
+the femora within; the head and thorax with a short black velvety
+pubescence; the wings flavo-hyaline; the nervures pale ferruginous; the
+extreme base of the wings blackish, their apical margins with a narrow
+fuscous border. The legs spinose; the posterior tibię with a double row
+of strong serrations.
+
+Gen. SPHEX, _Fabr._
+
+1. SPHEX ARGENTATA, _Dahlb. Hym. Eur._ i. 25. 1.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Celebes; Sumatra; India; Greece; Africa; East Florida.
+
+2. SPHEX SERICEA, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ 211. 19.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Malacca; Borneo; Java; Philippine Islands.
+
+3. SPHEX AURIFRONS. _S._ niger; facie pube aureā vestitā, alis
+flavo-hyalinis apice fuscis, abdomine pilis sericeo-aureis vestito.
+
+_Female._ Black; the face densely clothed with golden pubescence, the
+head having a number of scattered long golden-yellow hairs. Thorax
+thinly covered with long yellow pubescence, which is most dense at the
+sides of the metathorax; the tibię, tarsi, and posterior femora
+ferruginous; the claw-joint of the tarsi black; the tibię and tarsi with
+black spines; the wings fulvo-hyaline, their apex with a narrow fuscous
+border, the nervures ferruginous. Abdomen covered with a fine, thin,
+golden-reflecting pile; the apical margins of the segments
+rufo-testaceous, the testaceous margin produced in the middle into a
+triangular shape, most conspicuously so on the segments beneath.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+4. SPHEX NITIDIVENTRIS. _S._ niger; abdomine nigro-cęruleo, lęvigato,
+nitido; alis fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Length 12 lines. Black; the face with silvery pubescence, and
+thinly covered with long black hairs; the clypeus with a central
+longitudinal carina at the base, which terminates at the middle, from
+whence to the anterior margin is a broad, smooth, shining space. Thorax
+shining and finely punctured; the metathorax opake and covered with
+long, loose, black pubescence; the legs shining, the posterior tibię
+with shining grey pile within; wings brown, darkest at their base.
+Abdomen blue, and very smooth and shining, oblong-ovate; the apical
+segment vertical.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+5. SPHEX SEPICOLA. _S._ niger; facie pube aureā vestitā; alis
+subhyalinis apice fuscis; abdomine nitido.
+
+_Female._ Length 9 lines. Black; the face densely clothed with golden
+pubescence, the cheeks with iridescent pile, with a long, loose,
+scattered pale yellow pubescence on the head and thorax; the mandibles
+smooth, shining black. The disk of the thorax with an obscure chalybeous
+tint, shining and finely punctured; the metathorax opake and finely
+rugose; the wings subhyaline, their apical margins fuscous, the nervures
+fusco-ferruginous. Abdomen with a slender subelongate petiole, and with
+a thin, silky, grey pile; the apical margins of the segments narrowly
+and obscurely rufo-piceous.
+
+_Male._ Rather smaller than the female, more slender and more pubescent,
+the pubescence on the face paler.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+6. SPHEX GRATIOSA. _S._ capite thoraceque nigris, abdomine cęruleo, alis
+fusco-hyalinis.
+
+_Male._ Length 10 lines. Head and thorax black; the face densely clothed
+with pale golden pubescence; the labrum and mandibles highly polished,
+very smooth and shining; a thin pale pubescence is scattered over the
+head, pro- and mesothorax, the latter obscurely chalybeous above,
+shining, and finely and closely punctured, with an abbreviated, deeply
+impressed line in the middle anteriorly; the posterior margin of the
+prothorax covered with shining silvery pubescence; the metathorax
+opake, and clothed with black pubescence; wings fusco-hyaline, the
+anterior pair darkest towards their base, the nervures dark
+fusco-ferruginous, nearly black. Abdomen smooth, shining dark blue;
+beneath, the margins of the segments have a bright, glittering,
+pale-golden pile.
+
+Gen. PELOPOEUS, _Latr._
+
+1. PELOPOEUS LABORIOSUS. _P._ niger; scapo anticč, pedibus petioloque
+rufescenti-flavis, alis hyalinis fulvo tinctis.
+
+_Female._ Length 12 lines. Black, with black pubescence on the head and
+thorax; the face with a fine cinereous pile; the scape yellow in front;
+the mandibles smooth and shining. Thorax: the legs pale ferruginous, the
+posterior femora darkest; the coxę, the anterior and intermediate
+trochanters, and base of the femora black; wings fulvo-hyaline, the
+nervures ferruginous; the metathorax obliquely striated. Abdomen
+slightly shining at the base, with the petiole reddish-yellow.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. LARRADA, _Smith_.
+
+1. LARRADA MODESTA. _L._ nigra; abdomine pilis argentatis fasciato; alis
+hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 6-1/2 lines. Black; the face covered with silvery down;
+the mandibles smooth, shining, black, and fringed beneath with fulvous
+hairs, the cheeks silvery. Thorax slightly shining, closely and
+delicately punctured; the metathorax opake and transversely striated;
+wings subhyaline, with a fuscous border at their apex, the nervures
+black. Abdomen slightly shining; the apical margins of the first,
+second, and third segments with fascia of silvery pile, which is very
+brilliant in certain lights.
+
+_Male_ closely resembles the female, but has an additional fascia on the
+abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. LARRA, _Fabr._
+
+1. LARRA SIMILLIMA. _L._ nigra, pulchre prismatica, maculis fasciisque
+variis flavis ornata.
+
+_Female._ Length 6-1/2 lines. Black; the abdomen with tints of blue
+violet; the thorax slightly prismatic; the labrum, clypeus, an angular
+scape above, an abbreviated line on the inner orbits of the eyes, the
+scape in front, and the antennę beneath, yellow; the cheeks with a
+silvery reflexion. The thorax beneath, and the metathorax, with a
+shining white silvery pile; the anterior and intermediate femora and
+tibię beneath yellow; the tarsi pale ferruginous, and more or less
+fuscous above; wings subhyaline, the nervures fuscous; a spot on the
+lateral posterior angles of the metathorax, two ovate spots on the
+scutellum, and a line on the postscutellum yellow. Abdomen: the basal
+segment with a broadly interrupted fascia a little before its apical
+margin; the second and fourth segments with a narrow yellow fascia at
+their apical margins, which is widened laterally; beneath, the second
+and third segments with a yellow spot on each side.
+
+The _Male_ differs from the female in having a large quadrate black spot
+on the clypeus, and a spot at the base of the labrum; there is also a
+narrow yellow line on the posterior margin of the prothorax; and the
+third segment of the abdomen has a yellow fascia: it is also rather
+smaller.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This insect very closely resembles _Larra prismatica_, from Borneo,
+Malacca, and Celebes, of which it may be a variety.
+
+Gen. BEMBEX, _Fabr._
+
+1. Bembex melancholieca, _Smith, Cat. Hym._ pt. iv. p. 328; _Proc. Linn.
+Soc._ ii. p. 105.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Sumatra; Borneo.
+
+Many of the specimens from Aru are less highly coloured than those of
+Sumatra or Borneo: the yellow markings on the abdomen are frequently
+much obliterated in the females; others are as highly coloured as any
+examples I have seen.
+
+Gen. PISON, _Spin._
+
+1. PISON NITIDUS. _P._ nitidus, niger, distinctč punctatus; alis
+subhyalinis, venis fuscis; segmentis abdominalibus apice depressis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Black and shining; the head and thorax
+strongly punctured; the face beneath, the antennę, the clypeus, cheeks,
+and the sides of the segments of the abdomen covered with a silvery
+down; the palpi pale testaceous; the mandibles obscurely ferruginous at
+their apex. The metathorax transversely striated behind, with a central
+longitudinal impressed line above, which is transversely striated, and
+terminates in a deep fovea just beyond the verge of the posterior
+inclined truncation; the wings subhyaline; the nervures dark fuscous;
+the first recurrent nervure received at the apex of the first
+submarginal cell, and the second at the base of the third submarginal.
+Abdomen shining, and more delicately punctured than the thorax; the
+margins of the segments deeply depressed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru, Key Island.
+
+Gen. GORYTES, _Latr._
+
+1. GORYTES CONSTRICTUS. _G._ niger; clypei lateribus flavis; collari,
+tuberculis postscutelloque flavis; segmentorum abdominis marginibus
+apicalibus flavis constrictis, pedibusque flavo variegatis.
+
+_Female._ Length 6 lines. Black; the head and thorax very closely
+punctured and opake, the head slightly shining on the vertex; the
+antennę beneath and the apical half of the mandibles ferruginous, the
+latter black at their tips; the clypeus yellow at the sides, and
+coarsely rugose in front. Thorax: the metathorax coarsely
+longitudinally rugose, with cinereous pubescence at the sides; the
+antennę and intermediate tibię, the tarsi, and articulations of the legs
+reddish-yellow; wings subhyaline, with a fuscous cloud in the marginal
+cell, which passes beyond to the apex of the wings; the nervures
+fusco-ferruginous; the tegulę ferruginous. Abdomen shining, covered with
+a thin, fine, cinereous pile, and with the margins of the segments
+constricted; the apical margins of the segments with narrow yellow
+fascię, that on the fourth abbreviated on each side, on the fifth it is
+obsolete; beneath, the second segment is opake, finely punctured, and
+pilose; the following segments smooth, shining, and with five scattered
+punctures.
+
+The _Male_ strongly resembles the female, but is smaller and less
+variegated with yellow; the face covered with silvery down; the scape
+and base of the flagellum ferruginous beneath; the clypeus yellow,
+except its extreme base. The thorax black, with the legs rufo-piceous;
+the tibię and tarsi pale ferruginous, variegated with yellow; the sides
+of the thorax beneath the wings longitudinally striated in both sexes,
+most conspicuously so in the male. The abdomen with three narrow
+interrupted fascię.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+2. GORYTES VAGUS. _G._ niger; clypeo maculis duabus flavis notato;
+postscutello et segmentis primo et secundo fasciā apicali flavis, fasciā
+in segmento primo subinterrupto.
+
+_Female._ Length 6 lines. Black; the head finely punctured and shining;
+the anterior margin of the clypeus emarginate in the middle, and more
+deeply so on each side; on each side of the clypeus, at its base, is an
+oblique yellow spot, and anteriorly it is roughly punctured; the
+mandibles roughened at their base, their apical half smooth, shining,
+and ferruginous, with their apex black. Thorax subopake, very closely
+punctured, and slightly shining; the metathorax coarsely longitudinally
+rugose-striate; the postscutellum yellow; wings subhyaline and
+iridescent, the nervures fusco-ferruginous; a dark fuscous cloud
+occupies the marginal cell. Abdomen smooth and shining, with a slightly
+interrupted fascia a little before the apical margin of the basal
+segment; the second segment has a fascia at its apical margin; both are
+yellowish white; the first is gradually widened towards the sides of the
+segment, the second abruptly widened, with the angle of the widened
+portion pointed inwards; beneath the abdomen is glossy, with the basal
+segment closely punctured and subopake; the margins of abdominal
+segments slightly constricted.
+
+_Hab._ Key Island.
+
+Gen. TRYPOXYLON, _Latr._
+
+1. TRYPOXYLON EXIMIUM. _T._ nigrum; clypeo argentato-pubescente;
+abdominis segmentis secundo tertio quartoque basi rubris; alis
+hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 8-1/2 lines. Black, smooth, and shining; the head and
+thorax very delicately punctured; the face and clypeus below the
+insertion of the antennę densely covered with silvery-white pubescence;
+the anterior margin of the clypeus rounded and much produced, with a
+slight curving upwards at its margin; the mandibles yellow, with their
+apex ferruginous; the palpi pale testaceous; the inner orbits of the
+eyes very deeply notched. Thorax: the metathorax, the sides, and beneath
+with a thin silvery-white pubescence, most dense on the former; the
+metathorax not distinctly enclosed at its base, but with two shallow
+impressed lines, which mark the form of the usual enclosed space; a
+central longitudinal channel extends from its base to the apex, slightly
+subinterrupted in the middle; the wings hyaline and iridescent, the
+nervures dark fuscous; the anterior and intermediate tibię in front,
+their tarsi, the apical joints of the posterior pair, and the base of
+the tibię very pale ferruginous; the claw-joint of the intermediate and
+posterior tarsi fuscous above; the calcaria pale testaceous. Abdomen,
+the second, third, and base of the fourth segment more or less
+ferruginous; the apex of the basal petiolated joint ferruginous beneath.
+
+_Hab._ Aru and Key Island.
+
+Gen. CRABRO, _Fabr._
+
+1. CRABRO SOLITARIUS. _C._ niger; abdomine petiolato; scapo flagellique
+articulo ultimo, collari, tuberculis, postscutelli maculis duabus
+flavis; pedibus petioloque basi ferrugineis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Black and opake; the head large, quadrate, and
+wider than the thorax; the ocelli in a curve on the vertex; the clypeus
+covered with silvery pubescence, carinated in the middle, and slightly
+produced; the scape and basal joint of the flagellum pale yellow.
+Thorax: an interrupted line on the collar, the tubercles, a spot beneath
+the wings, and two minute ones on the postscutellum yellow; the disk of
+the thorax longitudinally delicately rugose; the metathorax oliquely
+striated, with an enclosed space at its base, and having a central
+longitudinal channel, the side covered with thin silvery pubescence; the
+wings hyaline and iridescent, the nervures fuscous; the legs
+ferruginous, variegated with yellow. Abdomen: the basal petiolated
+segment ferruginous, with its apical half black above; the apical
+segment with an angular shape at its base, which is smooth and shining,
+with its lateral margins carinate, the extreme apex ferruginous; beneath
+smooth and shining, with the apical margins rufo-piceous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This species would, according to the views of some Hymenopterists,
+belong to the genus _Rhopalum_ of Kirby.
+
+
+Group SOLITARY WASPS.
+
+Fam. EUMENIDĘ, _Westw._
+
+Gen. EUMENES, _Latr._
+
+1. Eumenes arcuata, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ 287. 11.
+
+_Hab._ Key Island; coast of New Guinea (Triton Bay); Australia.
+
+Gen. PACHYMENES, _Sauss._
+
+1. PACHYMENES VIRIDIS. _P._ lętč viridis; facie pube argentato-albā
+tectā; alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 8 lines. Bright green; the head, thorax, and basal
+segment of the abdomen rugose, the rest of the abdomen finely and very
+closely punctured; the clypeus thinly covered with a fine silvery-white
+pubescence, its apex produced and truncate. Thorax: the metathorax
+rounded behind, a deep longitudinal impressed line in the middle, and
+with fine silvery down at the sides and behind; the wings subhyaline,
+with a fuscous stain along the anterior margin of the superior pair; the
+legs rufo-piceous; the coxę, femora, and tibię more or less tinged with
+green.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. RHYNCHIUM, _Spin._
+
+1. Rhynchium mirabile, _Sauss. Mon. Guźpes Sol._ 106. 6, t. 14. f. 5
+[Symbol: female].
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Tasmania.
+
+The _Male_ of this fine species closely resembles the female; it is
+black, with a transverse spot above the insertion of the antennę, an
+abbreviated narrow line behind the eyes, another on the lower margin of
+their emargination; the scape in front and the clypeus yellow, the
+latter notched at its apex; a minute yellow spot at the base of the
+mandibles; the antennę, tibię, apex of the femora, and the tarsi
+ferruginous; the basal joint of the intermediate and posterior tarsi
+dusky; the intermediate femora deeply excavated or hollowed beneath; the
+prothorax yellow above; the metathorax truncate, transversely striated
+with several minute teeth on the lateral margins; the wings hyaline,
+tinted with yellow, their apical margins slightly clouded; the apical
+margins of all the segments of the abdomen bordered with yellow, that on
+the first segment narrowest. The only particulars in which the female
+apparently differs from Saussure's description, is that the second
+fascia on the abdomen is _widest at the sides_, and there are _three
+little teeth_ on each side of the margins of the metathorax.
+
+The _Female_ is also in the Paris Museum.
+
+2. Rhynchium superbum, _Sauss. Mon. Guźpes Sol._ p. 113. 18.
+
+_Hab._ Aru: New Holland.
+
+Our example of this species slightly differs in coloration from the
+description of Saussure. He says, "black, with the vertex, the front,
+the prothorax, and the border of all the segments of the abdomen, except
+the first, yellow; the wings yellow;" in the Aru specimen, the sinus of
+the eyes, a spot above the clypeus, a reversed crescent-shaped spot
+crossing the ocelli, two oblique spots behind them, and a broad elongate
+stripe behind the eyes yellow. These slight differences cannot
+characterize more than a variety; in every other particular they exactly
+correspond.
+
+Gen. ODYNERUS, _Latr._
+
+1. ODYNERUS PETIOLATUS. _O._ niger; clypeo apiculato; capite, thorace
+abdomineque flavo variis; abdomine petiolato; alis subhyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 7-1/2 lines. Black; head and thorax strongly punctured;
+two confluent spots between the antennę, a line on the inner orbits of
+the eyes, terminating in their emargination, an oblong spot behind them,
+a spot at the base of the mandibles, the scape in front, and the clypeus
+yellow; the latter with a large black spot in the middle, and with its
+anterior margin prolonged into an acute point; the mandibles
+ferruginous, with their base and margins black; the flagellum fulvous
+beneath. Thorax: an interrupted line on the collar, a spot beneath the
+wings, the outer margin of the tegulę, two spots on the scutellum, two
+longitudinal curved lines on the metathorax, extending from the base to
+the apex, yellow; the yellow lines on the metathorax curving inwards.
+The tibię, tarsi, and apex of the femora ferruginous; the intermediate
+and posterior tibię with a fuscous line outside, a spot on the coxę
+outside, a stripe at the apex of the anterior femora beneath, another on
+the intermediate pair, and a line on the anterior tibię, behind, yellow;
+wings subhyaline, their margins fuscous. Abdomen petiolated; a fascia on
+the apical margins of all the segments, and the petiole, yellow; the
+third and following fascię narrowest; all the fascię continued beneath
+the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+2. ODYNERUS AGILIS. _O._ niger; capite thoraceque distinctč, abdomine
+delicatulč punctatis; pedibus ferrugineis; abdominis segmentis duobus
+basalibus flavo fasciatis; alis subhyalinis.
+
+_Male._ Length 6 lines. Black; the scape in front, a line on the inner
+margin of the eyes, terminating in their emargination, an abbreviated
+line behind them, and the clypeus yellow; the latter deeply emarginate,
+forming two teeth. Thorax: a line in the middle of the anterior margin
+of the prothorax, two spots on the verge of the emargination of the
+metathorax, and a fascia on the apical margins of the first and second
+segments of the abdomen yellow; the legs ferruginous; the wings
+subhyaline, the anterior margin of the superior pair fuscous; the outer
+margin of the tegulę yellowish.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. ODYNERUS MULTIPICTUS. _O._ niger, flavo maculatus et punctatus;
+pedibus flavis, alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4 lines. Black; the head and thorax strongly punctured,
+the abdomen finely and distantly so; the clypeus, a spot above it, the
+inner and outer orbits of the eyes, and the scape in front yellow; the
+clypeus deeply emarginate in front; the mandibles ferruginous, with a
+yellow spot at their base. Thorax: the prothorax in front, the tegulę
+and two spots beneath the wings, the scutellum, and sides of the
+metathorax yellow; the legs yellow, with ferruginous stains; the femora
+with a black or dark stain above; wings hyaline, with a fuscous stain
+along the anterior border of the superior pair. Abdomen: a yellow fascia
+on the apical margins of the two basal segments; the three following
+segments with very narrow yellow borders, and the apical segment
+entirely reddish-yellow.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+4. ODYNERUS MODESTUS. _O._ niger; abdominis segmentis duobus basalibus
+flavo fasciatis; tibiis tarsisque femigineis; alis hyalinis; abdominis
+segmento primo basi transversim bicarinato.
+
+_Female._ Length 4 lines. Black; head and thorax coarsely punctured; the
+vertex swollen; the scape of the antennę, a spot between them, and the
+clypeus yellow; the latter with a transverse black spot in the middle,
+deeply notched in front, and having a carina on each side, in a line
+with the angle or tooth of the emargination; the flagellum ferruginous
+towards the apex beneath; wings hyaline, with a fuscous cloud in the
+marginal cell; the tibię and tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen: the base
+truncate, with an oblique space above the truncation, the margin of both
+defined by an elevated ridge or carina; a narrow fascia on the apical
+margin of the basal segment, and a broader one on the second; the latter
+continued beneath the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This species is undoubtedly allied to _O. Sichellii_ of Saussure; but,
+beside differing in the colour of its legs, and of the bands of the
+abdomen, it wants the strong tubercle at the base of the second segment
+of the latter.
+
+Gen. ALASTOR, _St.-Farg._
+
+1. ALASTOR UNIFASCIATUS. _A._ niger; maculā inter antennas, abdominisque
+margine apicali et segmento secundo flavis; alis fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Length 6-1/2 lines. Black; the head and thorax strongly
+punctured; the face, sides of the clypeus, cheeks, and base of the
+mandibles with a fine silky silvery-white pubescence; the clypeus
+convex, its anterior margin emarginate; from each angle of the
+emargination a shining carina runs more than halfway up the clypeus; a
+minute spot between the antennę, and two on the anterior margin of the
+prothorax, yellow; the wings fuscous, palest at their posterior
+margins. Abdomen finely and closely punctured; the third segment
+strongly so; a broad yellow fascia on the apical margin of the second
+segment.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+2. ALASTOR APICATUS. _A._ niger; abdominis segmentis primo et secundo
+aurantiaco-rubris; alis fuscis.
+
+_Male._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Black; the head and thorax strongly
+punctured; a spot between the antennę, the scape in front, and the
+clypeus yellow; the latter with a large black spot at its base,
+anteriorly deeply emarginate; wings fuscous; the tegulę with a
+rufo-testaceous spot at their outer margins; the tarsi and articulations
+of the legs ferruginous. Abdomen bright orange-red, with the third and
+following segments black; the base rugose, the second segment finely
+punctured, the rest much more strongly so.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+
+Group SOCIAL WASPS.
+
+Fam. VESPIDĘ, _Steph._
+
+1. ISCHNOGASTER IRIDIPENNIS. _I._ rufescenti-fuscus flavo varius;
+vertice et metathorace nigris, alis subhyalinis et pulcherrimč
+iridescentibus.
+
+_Male._ Length 7-1/4 lines. Head yellow, above the insertion of the
+antennę black; antennę black, with the scape, basal joint of the
+antennę, and the mandibles ferruginous; the flagellum obscurely
+ferruginous beneath; the clypeus produced at the apex into an acute
+tooth. Thorax pale ferruginous; the metathorax black, with a ferruginous
+spot on each side in front; the scutellum with a reddish-brown spot in
+the middle, the postscutellum yellow and subinterrupted in the middle;
+the sides of the thorax yellow anteriorly, the yellow portion with two
+black spots; the legs slightly variegated with yellow; wings subhyaline
+and brilliantly iridescent, the marginal cell with a fuscous cloud.
+Abdomen brown; the petiole pale testaceous at its apex and ferruginous
+beneath, longer than the head and thorax; the second segment has a
+yellow macula on each side, and, beneath, a smaller spot on each side in
+a line with the side spots; the first segment has its basal portion
+yellow beneath, and a blackish spot in the centre rather behind the
+middle.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This species in many particulars agrees with the _I. nitidipennis_ of
+Saussure, but differs in too many, I think, to be considered the same
+species; the second recurrent nervure is straight at the upper
+extremity, then curved towards the margin of the wing, and again
+straight at its lower extremity; the third submarginal cell is much
+wider than the fourth.
+
+Gen. ICARIA, _Sauss._
+
+1. Icaria maculiventris, _Sauss. Mon. Guźpes Soc._ p. 23. 1.--Rhopalidia
+maculiventris, _Guér. Voy. Coq. Zool._ ii. pt. 2. _Ins_. p. 267, pl. 9.
+fig. 8.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; New Guinea.
+
+2. ICARIA NIGRA. _I._ nigra; clypeo anticč angulato; metathorace concavo
+et transversim striato; alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 6 lines. Black, punctured and opake; the clypeus
+terminating in a sharp-pointed angle; the base and apex of the mandibles
+rufo-piceous; the scape ferruginous in front; the face with a thin,
+fine, griseous pubescence. Thorax slightly margined in front; an obscure
+testaceous spot on each side of the postscutellum, the metathorax
+concave and transversely striated; wings hyaline. Abdomen with a short
+petiole to the basal segment, which is very short and campanulate; at
+its posterior margin are two minute, obscure, pale spots; beneath, the
+margins of the apical segments are rufo-piceous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. ICARIA FASCIATA. _I._ nigra; clypei margine antico, maculis duabus
+postscutelli flavis; segmentis abdominis ad apicem flavo angustč
+fasciatis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Black; the clypeus angular in front, its
+anterior margin and a spot on the mandibles yellow; the antennę
+rufo-testaceous beneath. Thorax: the anterior margin of the prothorax
+slightly rebordered; the anterior coxę with a spot in front and two
+spots on the postscutellum yellow; the anterior and intermediate tibię
+beneath, the tarsi beneath and the claw-joint entirely, ferruginous;
+wings hyaline with a fuscous stain along the anterior margin of the
+superior pair; the metathorax oblique and slightly concave, with an
+acute stout tooth on each side. Abdomen: the basal segment campanulate,
+the petiole short; a narrow yellow fascia on the apical margin of all
+the segments.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+4. ICARIA BRUNNEA. _I._ rufescenti-fusca; coxis femoribusque obscuris;
+alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 3-1/2 lines. Reddish-brown; head and thorax punctured,
+the abdomen finely rugose; the clypeus and mandibles pale ferruginous,
+the former with a darker spot in the middle, the anterior margin
+angular. The anterior margin of the prothorax slightly rebordered; the
+wings hyaline and iridescent, with a fuscous stain along the anterior
+margin of the superior pair; the metathorax abruptly truncate. Abdomen:
+the basal margin of the third and following segments black.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+5. ICARIA GRACILIS. _I._ nigra flavo variegata; abdominis segmento
+basali elongato, gracili et petiolato; alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 7 lines. Black; the scape in front, the sides and
+apical margin of the clypeus, and a spot at the base of the mandibles
+yellow; the cheeks reddish-yellow; the antennę ferruginous; the head
+covered with short griseous pubescence. Thorax with obscure ferruginous
+tints and a short griseous pubescence, most dense on the sides and
+beneath; the anterior margin of the prothorax, the tegulę, scutellum and
+postscutellum, a broad stripe on each side of the metathorax, the coxę,
+and the anterior and intermediate femora, at their apex beneath, yellow;
+the scutellum with a ferruginous stain in the middle, the postscutellum
+with a black stain, the coxę ferruginous above, the tibię and tarsi
+ferruginous beneath; wings hyaline, with a fuscous stain along the
+anterior margin of the superior pair. Abdomen: a yellow fascia on the
+apical margin of the first and second segments; that on the following
+segments rufo-testaceous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+6. ICARIA UNICOLOR. _I._ rufescenti-fusca, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Reddish-brown, covered with a thin cinereous
+pubescence; the clypeus acutely angular anteriorly; the metathorax
+oblique and delicately striated transversely; wings fusco-hyaline; the
+petiole of the abdomen long, the segment campanulated and narrow.
+
+_Hab._ Key Island.
+
+Gen. POLISTES, _Latr._
+
+1. Polistes tepidus, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 271. 7.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Key Island; Solomon Islands; New Guinea; Australia.
+
+2. Polistes diabolicus, _Sauss. Mon. Guźpes Soc._ 68. 26, t. 6. f. 7.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Java; Timor.
+
+3. Polistes stigma, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 261. 41.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Celebes; Ceram; India.
+
+_Var._ The specimens from Aru differ from the typical ones in wanting
+the two longitudinal yellow lines on the metathorax, which is entirely
+black. Saussure has a variety with the metathorax black between the
+lines; of two examples from Celebes, one has the yellow lines entire,
+the other has them abbreviated at half their length.
+
+4. POLISTES NIGRIFRONS. _P_. capite thoraceque nigris, flavo et
+ferrugineo variegatis; abdomine ferrugineo, segmentis basi nigris,
+marginibus apicalibus flavis.
+
+_Female._ Length 8 lines. Head and thorax black; the anterior margin of
+the clypeus angular and narrowly rufo-testaceous; the mandibles, palpi,
+and antennę ferruginous; the scape, and flagellum above, except the
+basal joint, fuscous; the outer orbits of the eyes with a narrow yellow
+line. The anterior margin of the prothorax slightly rebordered, the
+posterior margin ferruginous; the outer margin of the tegulę
+reddish-yellow; wings subhyaline with a fusco-ferruginous stain along
+the anterior margins of the superior pair; the metathorax finely
+striated transversely, and with two yellow stripes running upwards
+halfway from the base, the posterior margin of the pectus, tips of the
+coxę, the femora at their base and apex, the tibię and tarsi beneath,
+ferruginous; tips of the femora, and tibię above, yellowish. Abdomen
+ferruginous, with the base of the second and following segments black;
+the first and three following segments with a yellow fascia on their
+apical margins; beneath, the two basal segments entirely ferruginous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This species is closely allied to the _P. fastidiosus_ of Saussure, and,
+notwithstanding the difference in colouring, may possibly, I think, be
+an extreme variety of that species.
+
+5. POLISTES ELEGANS. _P._ ferrugineus; capite thoraceque flavo variis;
+segmentis abdominis flavo marginatis.
+
+_Female._ Length 8 lines. Ferruginous; the clypeus, mandibles, cheeks,
+and the face, as high as the middle of the emargination of the eyes,
+yellow. Thorax: the margins of the prothorax, two longitudinal stripes
+on the mesothorax, the scutellum, postscutellum, and sides of the
+metathorax broadly, yellow; the legs beneath, the coxę and the sides of
+the thorax spotted with yellow; the intermediate and posterior coxę
+spotted with ferruginous or fusco-ferruginous; the metathorax finely
+striated transversely; the wings hyaline with the nervures ferruginous.
+Abdomen: the first and three following segments with yellow marginal
+fascię, that on the fourth usually more or less obliterated.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Key Island.
+
+
+Fam. EVANIDĘ, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. FOENUS, _Fabr._
+
+1. FOENUS GRACILIS. _F._ niger, facie lateribusque thoracis argenteo
+pilosis; pedibus anticis et intermediis pallidč rufo-testaceis, tibiis
+posticis basi tarsisque albis; abdomine subtłs rufo-testaceo.
+
+_Female._ Length 6 lines. Black; subopake; the face, sides of the thorax
+and beneath with silvery pubescence; the mandibles, palpi, and scape in
+front rufo-testaceous. Thorax: the anterior and intermediate legs
+rufo-testaceous, the femora having a darker stain above; the posterior
+legs black, with the base of the tibię and the tarsi white. Abdomen
+rufo-testaceous beneath; the ovipositor white at its apex.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. STENOPHASMUS.
+
+Head globose; antennę longer than the body, and very slender and
+setaceous; the prothorax forming a slender neck; the anterior wings with
+one marginal and three submarginal cells; the femora slightly
+incrassate, not denticulate; the tarsi 5-jointed. Abdomen petiolated,
+the petiole as long as the abdomen; the ovipositor as long as the
+petiole and abdomen united.
+
+This genus is founded on the examination of a single individual, which
+in general appearance exactly resembles the smaller species of the genus
+_Megischus_; on examination, however, it will be found that it differs
+from that genus in the neuration of the anterior wings; its femora are
+not denticulate, in which character it differs from both _Megischus_ and
+_Stephanus_; with the latter genus it agrees in having 5-jointed tarsi.
+
+1. STENOPHASMUS RUFICEPS. _S._ niger; capite et antennarum basi rufis;
+ovipositore tarsisque pallidč testaceis; petiolo abdominis cylindrico;
+alis subhyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Black, slightly shining; head globose, red and
+sprinkled with white hairs, and delicately striated transversely. Thorax
+sprinkled with white pubescence above, the sides more thickly clothed
+with the same; above, the thorax is transversely rugose, on the
+metathorax becoming more regularly striate; the metathorax has a central
+longitudinal carina and also one on each side; the legs sprinkled with
+erect white hairs; the tarsi pale rufo-testaceous with the claw-joint
+black; wings subhyaline, with a broad light-fuscous stain along the
+centre of the anterior pair; a hyaline streak crosses them at the base
+of the stigma. Abdomen: the petiole as long as the thorax, narrowest at
+the base of the abdomen; it is rugose at the base; the ovipositor pale
+testaceous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+
+Fam. ICHNEUMONIDĘ, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. ICHNEUMON.
+
+1. ICHNEUMON INSULARIS. _I._ niger; capite thoraceque albo variegatis;
+abdominis segmentorum primo, secundo tertioque albo maculatis.
+
+Length 7-1/2 lines. Black; the orbits of the eyes, the face before the
+antennę, the mandibles and palpi yellowish-white; the flagellum with the
+joints from the 14th to 25th white. Thorax: a line on each side before
+the tegulę, a spot beneath the wings, two at the sides of the pectus,
+the anterior coxę in front, and a narrow line on each side of the
+scutellum yellowish-white; the anterior and intermediate legs and a spot
+beneath the posterior tibię rufo-testaceous; the wings hyaline, the
+nervures black. Abdomen: a minute spot at the lateral apical margins of
+the three basal segments, and a large central one on the two apical
+segments, white.
+
+_Hab._ Key Island.
+
+Gen. CRYPTUS, _Fabr._
+
+1. CRYPTUS SCUTELLATUS. _C._ ferrugineus; tibiis posticis tarsisque albo
+annulatis; scutello tuberculato.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Ferruginous; the face testaceous-yellow, an
+elongate black spot on the vertex enclosing the ocelli and extending to
+the insertion of the antennę; the latter black, with the scape
+ferruginous in front. Thorax: the scutellum elevated, forming a
+compressed tubercle, its side view wedge-shaped; the wings hyaline the
+nervures black, the base of the wings yellowish; the apical joints of
+the intermediate tarsi, the tips of the posterior femora, the extreme
+base of the tibię, their apical half, and the tarsi black; the
+intermediate portion of the tibię yellow; the apical segment of the
+abdomen black.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. MESOSTENUS, _Grav._
+
+1. MESOSTENUS PICTUS. _M._ niger; capite thoraceque flavo striatis et
+punctatis; pedibus flavis nigro et ferrugineo lavatis; segmentis
+abdominalibus flavo marginatis; alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 8 lines. Black; a large ovate spot on the cheeks
+touching the mandibles, the labrum, palpi, inner orbits of the eyes, and
+from the 7th to the 10th joints of the antennę yellowish-white. Thorax:
+an ovate spot in the middle of the disk of the mesothorax, the tegulę, a
+spot beneath them, two larger spots beneath the wings, the scutellum, a
+spot on the postscutellum uniting with another at the base of the
+metathorax, a trilobed spot at its apex, and a subovate one on each side
+yellowish-white; the coxę white with black stains on the intermediate
+and posterior pairs; the femora white beneath, the anterior and
+intermediate pairs with a black line above, the posterior pair
+ferruginous above; the tibię and tarsi whitish beneath, stained more or
+less fusco-ferruginous above; wings hyaline. Abdomen: all the segments
+with yellowish-white fascię on their apical margins, the fascię
+continued beneath; the ovipositor about the length of the abdomen, the
+valves broadest at their apex.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+2. MESOSTENUS AGILIS. _M._ niger; antennis medio albis; thorace
+pedibusque albo variegatis; abdominis marginibus fasciis albis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Black; the joints of the antennę, from the 6th
+to 13th, white, the vertex also white. Thorax: a spot in the middle of
+the disk of the mesothorax, the scutellum, a spot on the postscutellum,
+two beneath the wings, the apex of the metathorax, and a spot on each
+side white; the legs white, the anterior pair slightly fuscous above;
+the intermediate femora and tibię beneath, and the tarsi above, black;
+the posterior femora above and beneath the tibię, except their extreme
+base and the base and apex of the tarsi, black; wings hyaline, the
+nervures black. Abdomen: the apical margins of the segments, excepting
+the fourth and fifth, with white fascię, the second and third fascię
+attenuated in the middle.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. MESOSTENUS ALBOPICTUS. _M._ niger, albo varius; alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 7 lines. Black; the clypeus, mandibles, palpi, the
+joints of the antennę from the sixth to the thirteenth, and a broad
+stripe at the inner orbits of the eyes white. Thorax: an ovate spot on
+each side of the prothorax above, a similar spot in the middle of the
+mesothorax, the tegulę, scutellum and postscutellum, a T-shaped spot
+reversed on the metathorax, a large quadrate one on its sides, three
+irregular-shaped maculę beneath the wings, and the anterior and
+intermediate legs white, the legs with a black line above; the posterior
+legs have a large spot on the coxę behind, the trochanters, the tibię,
+and tarsi white, the tibię black at their apex, and the femora palish at
+their base outside; the wings hyaline and iridescent, with the nervures
+black. The abdomen beneath, and the apical margins of the segments
+above, white.
+
+_Male._ Rather smaller than the female, but only differs otherwise in
+the colour of the legs, the anterior and intermediate pairs being
+entirely yellowish-white, excepting the intermediate tibię and tarsi,
+which are slightly fuscous above; the posterior femora are ferruginous,
+the tibię and tarsi white, with the base and apex of the two former
+black as well as the apical joint of the tarsi.
+
+_Hab._ Key Island.
+
+Gen. PIMPLA, _Fabr._
+
+1. PIMPLA OCHRACEA. _P._ ochracea; antennis ferrugineis; facie luteā;
+alis hyalinis, apice fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Entirely ochraceous, with the face and scape
+in front yellow; the body beneath is pale ochraceous; the antennę
+ferruginous, above dusky; the eyes emarginate within; the tarsi have the
+tips of the claws black; the wings flavo-hyaline, with the apex of the
+anterior pair fuscous, the nervures black, becoming yellow at the base
+of the wings. The head, thorax, legs and base of the abdomen smooth and
+shining; the abdomen, except at the base, finely punctured; a transverse
+impressed row of punctures a little before the apical margin of each
+segment, and the space between impunctate.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+2. PIMPLA BRACONOIDES. _P._ rufo-flava; antennis tarsisque et abdominis
+dimidio posteriori nigris; alis fuscis, dimidio basali flavis.
+
+_Female._ Length 6 lines. Ferruginous; the posterior tarsi and the
+fourth and following segments of the abdomen black; the head is reddish
+yellow, the eyes brown; the scape and two or three of the basal joints
+of the flagellum ferruginous, the rest fuscous; the basal half of the
+wings flavo-hyaline, the apical half fuscous; the stigma yellow, with a
+subhyaline macula beneath, and two other similar irregular-shaped spots.
+The abdomen with two longitudinal carinę on the basal segment, and a
+transverse curved impressed line on the other segments.
+
+_Hab._ Key Island.
+
+This species might at first sight be mistaken for a species of the genus
+_Bracon_. The male only differs from the female in having the abdomen
+black, with only the basal segment yellow; the wings are only very
+slightly yellow at their base; it is also rather smaller.
+
+3. PIMPLA PENETRANS. _P._ flavo-ferruginea; flagello fusco; alis
+flavo-hyalinis, apice fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4-1/4 lines. Reddish yellow, smooth, and shining; the
+face testaceous, with slight fuscous stains; the scape and two or three
+of the basal joints of the flagellum yellow in front; the wings hyaline,
+with a yellowish tinge; the nervures black, except the costal nervure,
+which is ferruginous towards the base, the apex of the wings slightly
+clouded; the posterior tibię fuscous above. Abdomen: the segments with
+slightly impressed oblique depressions, the ovipositor shorter than the
+abdomen, and black.
+
+The _Male_ only differs in having the abdomen rather more slender.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+4. PIMPLA FERRUGINEA. _P._ flavo-ferruginea; antennis supra fuscis; alis
+hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Ferruginous, with the head and thorax
+beneath yellow-testaceous; the coxę also are of the same colour; the
+flagellum slightly fuscous above; the wings flavo-hyaline, the nervures
+black; the two basal segments of the abdomen shining, the third and the
+following segments subopake; the ovipositor as long as the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Key Island.
+
+5. PIMPLA PLAGIATA. _P._ flavo-rufa; antennis strigisque tribus
+mesothoracis nigris; alis hyalinis, apice cellulę marginalis fusco
+unimaculato.
+
+_Female._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Yellow, the legs with ferruginous stains;
+the antennę black, with the scape yellow in front; the head with a large
+ovate black spot behind the ocelli. Thorax finely punctured on the disk
+of metathorax, which has three longitudinal broad black stripes, a
+narrow black line on the posterior margin of both the scutellum and
+postscutellum; wings hyaline, the nervures black, with a dark fuscous
+spot at the apex of the marginal cell. Abdomen reddish-yellow, with the
+apical margins of the segments yellow; the ovipositor black, and shorter
+than the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. RHYSSA, _Grav._
+
+1. RHYSSA MACULIPENNIS. _R._ rufescenti-flava; antennis et vertice
+nigris; alis hyalinis, plaga nigro-fusca.
+
+_Male._ Length 9 lines. Ferruginous; the head of a yellow testaceous,
+with the vertex and antennę black; the scape ferruginous in front; the
+mandibles black. Thorax: the mesothorax and scutellum transversely
+rugose, the former with two deeply impressed lines in front, which
+converge inwards, and meet in the middle of the disk; wings hyaline,
+with a yellow tinge on the anterior pair, the nervures black; a black
+stripe crosses the middle of the marginal cell, and terminates at the
+inferior margin of the discoidal cell; the legs ferruginous, with the
+posterior tarsi black. Abdomen smooth, shining, ferruginous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+2. RHYSSA VESTIGATOR. _R._ ferruginea; antennis, mesothorace,
+metathoracisque basi nigris; abdomine lineari, nitido et lęvi; alis
+hyalinis, apice subfuscato.
+
+_Male._ Length 9 lines. Head testaceous-yellow, with the vertex
+ferruginous; the antennę fusco-ferruginous. Thorax black, with the
+prothorax, a large oblique spot beneath the wings, the scutellum, and
+metathorax yellow, the base of the latter black; the mesothorax and
+scutellum rugose; the metathorax smooth and shining; the legs
+ferruginous, with the anterior coxę in front and the posterior pair
+behind yellow; the posterior coxę black beneath; wings hyaline, faintly
+clouded at their apical margins. Abdomen elongate, linear, glossy,
+smooth, and shining, ferruginous, with the base and lateral margins
+blackish.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. BRACON, _Fabr._
+
+1. BRACON BASALIS. _B._ capite, thorace, pedibus anticis et intermediis,
+femoribus posticis ferrugineis; tibiis tarsisque et abdomine nigris,
+segmento basali flavo; alis fusco-hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4-1/4 lines. The head, scape in front, thorax, anterior
+and intermediate legs, the posterior coxę, trochanters, and femora, and
+the first segment of the abdomen, and a semicircular spot in the middle
+of the base of the second, yellow-ferruginous; the antennę, the
+posterior tibię and tarsi, fuscous; abdomen shining black; the thorax
+smooth and shining; the wings fusco-hyaline. The basal segment of the
+abdomen with a longitudinal impressed line on each side, the second
+segment with an oblique depression, the third with an impressed line,
+curved forwards and extending to the lateral margins; the base of the
+segment has a row of short, deeply impressed strię; the ovipositor
+shorter than the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+2. BRACON ALBO-MARGINATUS. _B._ capite, thorace pedibusque ferrugineis;
+abdomine nigris annulis albo-marginatis; alis fusco-hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4-1/2 lines. Head, thorax, and legs ferruginous,
+smooth, and shining; antennę and abdomen black, the latter smooth and
+shining, the posterior margins of the third and following segments with
+a narrow bluish-white fascia; the posterior tarsi slightly fuscous; the
+wings fusco-hyaline; the ovipositor a little longer than the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. BRACON NIGRIPENNIS. _B._ thorace, pedibus anticis et intermediis,
+femoribusque posticis ferrugineis; tibiis tarsisque posticis et abdomine
+nigris; alis nigro-fuscis; capite luteo-testaceo.
+
+_Female._ Length 9 lines. Head testaceous, the antennę black. Thorax,
+anterior and intermediate legs, the posterior coxę, trochanters and
+femora, the tegulę, extreme base of the wings, and the base of the
+stigma ferruginous; the thorax smooth and shining; the wings
+brown-black, with a small hyaline spot in the first submarginal cell.
+Abdomen longitudinally aciculate, a central carina at the base of the
+first segment, the second segment with an oblique impressed line running
+from the lateral angles of its basal margin, and meeting in the centre
+of its posterior margin; the margins of all the segments constricted;
+the ovipositor shorter than the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+4. BRACON EXOLETUS. _B._ niger; capite, thorace, pedibus anterioribus et
+intermediis ferrugineis; alis subhyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Head, scape of the antennę, thorax, anterior
+and intermediate legs, ferruginous; flagellum and tips of the mandibles
+black. Thorax smooth and shining; wings fusco-hyaline, the nervures dark
+brown; the posterior legs fusco-ferruginous. Abdomen rugose and
+subopake; the basal segment black in the middle, with the base and
+lateral margins ferruginous, the sides deeply channeled; the second
+segment with an arrow-headed shining space in the middle of its base;
+the ovipositor shorter than the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+5. BRACON ABDOMINALIS. _B._ rufo-flavus; antennis fuscis; alis
+subhyalinis; abdomine ovato.
+
+_Female._ Length 3 lines. Reddish yellow; head and thorax smooth and
+shining; the head narrower than the thorax; wings fusco-hyaline; abdomen
+ovate, broader than the thorax, the first and second segments rugose,
+with deep sculptured impressions; the second segment has an ovate
+shining space in the middle at its basal margin; the third segment is
+deeply depressed and sculptured at the base, leaving a transverse arched
+space at its apex, the width of the entire segment; the following
+segments have their margins very deeply depressed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+6. BRACON NITIDUS. _B._ niger; capite, thorace pedibusque et abdominis
+segmento primo ferrugineis, totis nitidissimis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4 lines. Ferruginous, with the flagellum, second and
+following segments shining black; the thorax smooth and shining, with
+the scutellum prominent; the wings subhyaline, their apical margins
+clouded, their extreme base yellowish, the nervures dark brown, the
+stigma black. Abdomen: the second and third segments with deeply
+impressed oblique lines on each side, and the basal margins of the
+following segments depressed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+7. BRACON PALLIFRONS. _B._ niger; thorace pedibusque anticis et
+intermediis ferrugineis; alis fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Length 6 lines. Head obscure, testaceous yellow; the eyes
+brown; the antennę black. Thorax and the anterior and intermediate legs
+ferruginous; an ovate black spot on the metathorax; and the posterior
+legs black, with the articulations obscurely ferruginous; wings dark
+fuscous, with the nervures and stigma black, the base of the latter
+yellowish, and a hyaline streak beneath it, which crosses the first
+submarginal cell. Abdomen black and shining; the first segment with some
+coarse striae at the apex; the second with a central forked carina and
+an oblique one on each side running inwards to the apex of the segment;
+between the carinę are a number of deep grooves; the lateral margins of
+the three basal segments carinated; the third segment has a row of short
+deep strię at its base; the ovipositor longer than the body.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+8. BRACON INTRUDENS. _B._ niger; thorace, pedibus anticis intermediisque
+et abdominis segmento basali ferrugineis; alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Black; the thorax, anterior and intermediate
+legs, the articulations of the posterior pair, and the base of the
+abdomen ferruginous, entirely smooth and shining; the wings subhyaline,
+the nervures fusco-ferruginous, an irregular fuscous stain at the base
+of the first submarginal cell, extending beyond it. Abdomen: the basal
+segment margined at the sides; the second segment with an oblique deeply
+impressed line running inwards, not quite meeting or extending to the
+apical margin.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. AGATHIS, _Latr._
+
+1. AGATHIS FUMIPENNIS. _A._ ferruginea; capite, abdominis apice
+tarsisque posticis nigris; alis obscurč fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4 lines. Reddish-yellow; the head, apical joint of the
+intermediate tarsi, the apex of the posterior tibię, and the third and
+following segments of the abdomen black; the thorax and legs with a
+thin, short, pale fulvous pubescence; the head and abdomen smooth and
+shining; the head produced before the eyes into a kind of beak,
+rufo-piceous anteriorly. Thorax narrowed before the wings, which are
+dark fuscous, with a hyaline irregular mark below the stigma, crossing
+the submarginal cell; the anterior margin of the anterior wings
+pubescent; the metathorax broad, margined laterally, with a central
+forked carina, and a crooked one on each side; the posterior legs
+incrassate. Abdomen with the sides of the upper surface carinated.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+
+Fam. CHRYSIDIDĘ, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. STILBUM, _Spin._
+
+1. Stilbum splendidum, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 170. 1.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Senegal; Java; Bengal.
+
+2. Stilbum amethystinum, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 176. 32.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Australia.
+
+Fabricius includes this insect in the genus _Chrysis_; the typical
+specimen, however, proves that it belongs to the more modern genus
+_Stilbum_: it is very distinct from _S. splendidum_, being much more
+strongly and coarsely punctured; and the teeth which arm the apical
+segment are differently disposed on the margin.
+
+
+Fam. TENTHREDINIDĘ, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. ORYSSUS, _Fabr._
+
+1. ORYSSUS MACULIPENNIS. _O._ niger, punctatus; pedibus ferrugineis;
+alis fuscis fasciā hyalinā ante cellulam marginalem sitā.
+
+_Female._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Black; the head rugose, the front coarsely
+so, with a row of transverse tubercles running from the vertex along the
+inner orbits of the eyes, and crossing the front at half their length;
+the cheeks with a cinereous down, and a line of silvery-white pubescence
+or down, along the outer orbits of the eyes. Thorax coarsely punctured;
+the mesothorax with a central longitudinal smooth elevation; wings
+fuscous, with a broad transverse hyaline fascia before the base of the
+marginal cell, the tips of the wings hyaline; the legs ferruginous, with
+the coxę and trochanters black; the posterior tibię with a double row of
+serrations outside. Abdomen shining and closely punctured; the base and
+apex coarsely so.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. XYPHIDRIA, _Latr._
+
+1. XYPHIDRIA RUFIPES. _X._ nigra; mandibulis, antennarum scapo,
+pedibusque ferrugineis; alis hyalinis et iridescentibus.
+
+_Female._ Length 4 lines. Black and shining; the vertex highly polished;
+the front from the posterior ocelli forwards closely punctured and
+opake; the mandibles, scape, and basal joint of the flagellum
+ferruginous. The thorax anteriorly punctured and opake, posteriorly
+shining, and with a few punctures at the base of the scutellum; wings
+hyaline and iridescent, the nervures black, the extreme base of the
+wings and the tegulę pale testaceous; the legs pale ferruginous, with
+the claws of the tarsi darker. Abdomen: the base of the segments
+depressed and very delicately and closely punctured, subopake; the
+apical half highly polished and shining; beneath obscurely rufo-piceous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. TREMEX, _Jurine_.
+
+1. TREMEX INSIGNIS. _T._ nigro-purpureus; abdominis fasciis basalibus
+albis; alis nigris cupreo nitentibus.
+
+_Female._ Length 11 lines. Obscure steel-blue, with shades of green,
+purple and violet; the head and thorax punctured; the prothorax with an
+oblique smooth shining space on each side; the wings very dark brown,
+with a brilliant coppery effulgence. The base of the abdomen opake,
+velvety, purple-black; the first segment with a transverse
+cream-coloured fascia in the middle, the second very slightly whitish at
+its base; the rest of the abdomen is highly polished, and has a
+scattered, short, black pubescence.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+
+
+
+Note on Two Insect-products from Persia. By DANIEL HANBURY, Esq., F.L.S.
+
+[Read December 16th, 1858.]
+
+
+In the month of June last, my friend Professor Guibourt, of Paris, laid
+before the Académie des Sciences[G] some account of a remarkable
+substance called _Tréhala_, the cocoon of a Curculionidous insect found
+in Persia, where, as well as in other parts of the East, it enjoys some
+celebrity as the basis of a mucilaginous drink administered to the sick.
+
+Specimens of this substance, as well as of another insect-product of
+Persia, together with the insects themselves, were presented a few years
+ago to the British Museum by W. K. Loftus, Esq., who obtained them while
+engaged by the British Government on the question of the Turco-Persian
+boundaries.
+
+The precise determination of the species of these insects being a matter
+of doubt, they have at my request been lately examined by M. Jekel, of
+Paris, an entomologist with whom the family of _Curculionidę_ has long
+been an especial study. One of these insects M. Jekel has identified
+with a species of wide distribution; the other proving undescribed, he
+has drawn up a description of it, which, accompanied by a figure, I have
+the honour to lay before the Linnean Society. To this, I venture to add
+a few observations upon the productions to which I have alluded.
+
+The first of these is _Tréhala_ or _Tricala_, under which name it formed
+part of the Collection of Materia Medica sent by M. Della Sudda, of
+Constantinople, to the Paris Exhibition of 1855, and since deposited in
+the Ecole de Pharmacie in Paris.
+
+_Tréhala_ (fig. 2) consists of cocoons of an ovoid or globular form,
+about 3/4 of an inch in length; their inner surface is composed of a
+smooth, hard, dusky layer, external to which is a thick, rough,
+tuberculated coating of a greyish-white colour and earthy appearance.
+Some of the cocoons have attached to them the remains of the tomentose
+stalk of the plant upon which they were formed; others have portions of
+a tomentose spiny leaf built into them; and, more rarely, one finds
+portions of the flowering heads of the plant, a species of _Echinops_,
+similarly enclosed. Many of the cocoons are open at one end and empty;
+others have a longitudinal aperture, originally closed by the stalk of
+the plant, and still contain the insect; a few are entirely closed.
+Specimens of this insect, extracted from the cocoons sent to Paris, were
+examined in 1856 by my friend Mr. W. Wilson Saunders, who pronounced
+them to be _Larinus maculatus_ of Faldermann,--a determination also
+arrived at by M. Jekel from specimens presented by Mr. Loftus to the
+British Museum. Respecting these latter, one of which is represented in
+fig. 1, M. Jekel makes the following remarks:--
+
+    "LARINUS MACULATUS, _Faldermann, Faun. Transcauc._ ii. p. 228, 449,
+    tab. 6. f. 10, et iii. p. 198.--_Schönh. Gen. et Sp. Curcul._ iii.
+    p. 112 et vii. 2. p. 7.--_Hochhuth, Bull. Moscou_, 1847, No. 2. p.
+    538 (var. [Greek: gamma]).
+
+    "Var. [Greek: gamma]. _Larin. Onopordinis_, Sch. _loc. cit._ iii. p.
+    111 (excl. synon.).
+
+    "Of this species, Mr. Loftus captured several specimens, all of
+    small size: from some of them the pollinosity had been rubbed off,
+    as is represented in the figure by Mr. Ford (_vide_ fig. 1), which
+    shows only a part of the inferior layer of tomentum and the greyish
+    ground of the dorsal and lateral maculę; the latter, being the most
+    densely coloured in fresh specimens, are always the most persistent.
+    These belong to Schönherr's var. [Greek: gamma], which that author
+    formerly regarded as the _Larinus Onopordinis_, Fabr. Others of Mr.
+    Loftus's specimens, which are very fresh, belong to var. [Greek:
+    beta]; none to the typical variety, which is often larger in size.
+
+    "This species has a very extended habitat: I have received it from
+    European Turkey (Frivaldski), Beyrouth, Caucasus, Persia (Dupont),
+    &c. &c.; and it is recorded by Schönherr as also found in Barbary
+    and Portugal.
+
+    "This is the insect which proceeds from the rough chalky-looking
+    nidus figured by Mr. Ford. (_Vide_ fig. 2.)"
+
+The entomological question being so far disposed of, I may be permitted
+a few remarks upon the properties which have obtained for _Tréhala_ a
+place among drugs and dietetic substances.
+
+The first author who gives any account of the substance is Father Ange,
+who, in his 'Pharmacopoea Persica[H],' describes it in the following
+terms:--"Est autem istud medicamentum veluti _tragea_ ex nucleo pistacii
+integro confecta; nam revera saccharum istud exterius corrugatum et
+agglomeratum adhęret cuidam nucleo, in quo non fructus, sed vermiculus
+quidam nigricans Persice _C-hezoukek_ bombycis instar reconditur et
+moritur."
+
+Father Ange also states that the substance is called in Persian _Schakar
+tigal_ ([Persian script]), literally _Sugar of nests_; but his Arabic
+names, _Schakar el ma-ascher_ ([Arabic script]) and _Saccar el aschaar_,
+apply to an entirely different substance, namely to a saccharine matter
+exuded, after the punctures of an insect, from the stems of _Calotropis
+procera_, R. Br.[I], of which plant he gives a quaint but tolerably
+characteristic description.
+
+Mr. Loftus, who obtained the specimens which he presented to the British
+Museum, at Kirrind in Persia, in September, 1851, gives as the Persian
+name of the cocoons _Shek roukeh_--a term, probably, the same as the
+"_C-hezoukek_" (a misprint?) of Father Ange, but the signification of
+which I have not been able to discover.
+
+Another notice of the same substance, with a figure, is briefly given in
+Dr. Honigberger's 'Thirty-five Years in the East' (Lond. 1852, vol. ii.
+pp. 305-6), where we read that _Manna teeghul_ or _Shukure teeghal_,
+which are certain insect-nests of a hard texture, rough on the outside,
+smooth within, about half an inch in length, and of a whitish colour,
+are imported into Lahore from Hindostan.
+
+M. Bourlier published in 1857 an interesting note on the same
+substance[J], which has been followed by M. Guibourt's communication to
+the Académie des Sciences, and still later by a memoir on the chemical
+history of Tréhala, by M. Marcellin Berthelot, also presented to the
+Academy[K].
+
+From the investigations of M. Guibourt, it appears that the cocoons are
+composed of a large proportion of starch (identical with that found in
+the stem of the _Echinops_, upon which the insect forms its nest), of
+gum, a peculiar saccharine matter, a bitter principle, besides earthy
+and alkaline salts.
+
+The saccharine principle, which has been especially examined by M.
+Berthelot, and named by him _Tréhalose_, is a body analogous to
+cane-sugar, but possessing distinctive properties, which separate it
+from that and all other varieties of sugar.
+
+M. Bourlier states that _Tréhala_, which is abundant in the shops of the
+Jew drug-dealers of Constantinople, is frequently used by the Arab and
+Turkish physicians in the form of a decoction, which is regarded by them
+as of peculiar efficacy in diseases of the respiratory organs.
+
+The second insect-product to which I would draw attention, is a
+saccharine substance resembling dark honey. Mr. Loftus, who obtained it
+near Kirrind, 13th July, 1851, and whose specimen is in the British
+Museum, states that it is exuded from a species of thistle when pierced
+by a Rhynchophorous insect; but he fails to inform us for what purposes
+it is used by the inhabitants.
+
+Mr. Loftus having also presented the Museum with excellent specimens
+both of the plant and insect, I am able to state that the former is
+_Echinops persicus_, Fisch., and the latter a new species of _Larinus_,
+to which M. Jekel has applied the name _Larinus mellificus_, and of
+which he has drawn up the following description:--
+
+    "LARINUS MELLIFICUS, _Jekel_ (fig. 3). Breviter ovatus, convexus,
+    niger, nitidus; infra subtiliter, lateribus thoracis margineque
+    elytrorum intus medio versus angulariter ampliata, apicem occupante
+    griseo-cinerascenti tomentosis; rostro leviter punctato, basi
+    utrinque bicanaliculato cum elevatione media lata subcariniformi;
+    thorace subconico antice tubulato, supra confertim sat rude
+    punctato, lateribus subrugoso; elytris striato-punctatis,
+    interstitiis latis, planis, transversim subtilissime rugulosis, cum
+    abdomine tenuissime alutaceis, punctis majoribus remotioribus
+    impressis; pectore, lateribus, pedibusque rugoso-punctatis,
+    femoribus infra fortiter oblique costato-rugosis; tibiis intus,
+    anticis fortius crenulatis. Long. (rostr. excl.) 16-18, lat. elytr.
+    8-9 mill.
+
+    "Patria--Persia, prope Kirrind, ubi _Echinopsidis_ speciem
+    frequentat, cujus plantę caules ab hoc insecto puncti materiam
+    quamdam saccharinam sudant." _W. K. Loftus_, Mus. Brit.
+
+[Illustration: Fig. 1.
+
+_Larinus maculatus_, Falderm.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig. 2.
+
+The cocoons of _Larinus maculatus_, called in Turkish _Tréhala_.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig. 3.
+
+_Larinus mellificus_, Jekel.]
+
+Very similar to _L. Onopordinis_, but proportionably more elongate and
+less convex; rostrum and thorax longer; pilosity of the body underneath
+much thinner and shorter; thighs thicker, more clavate, the anterior
+evidently costate-rugose underneath; without whitish marks on the
+elytra, and without that layer of light-brown earth-like pollinose
+transudation which is often wanting in rubbed specimens of _Larinus
+Onopordinis_. The freshest specimens have the griseous margin of the
+elytra, which parts from the base under the shoulder, obliquely and
+angularly ampliate interiorly towards the middle, where it reaches the
+second stria. This griseous pilosity fills all the tips of the elytra,
+leaving bare only the sutures, an angular notch behind the middle (which
+forms with that apical part of the suture a kind of hook on each
+elytron), and two round spots, one submarginal fronting the tip of the
+notch, the other larger, discoidal, behind the foot of the notch, much
+above the tip.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[G] Comptes Rendus, 21 Juin, 1858, p. 1213.
+
+[H] Pharmacopoea Persica ex idiomate Persico in Latinum conversa. Lutet.
+Paris., 1681, p. 361.
+
+[I] This saccharine substance is noticed by Avicenna as _Zuccarum
+alhusar_ (Lib. ii. Tract. ii. cap. 756, ed. Valgr. Venet. 1564), and
+also by Matthiolus (Comm. in Lib. ii. Diosc. cap. 75). It is likewise
+referred to by Endlicher (Enchiridion Botanicum, p. 300), Royle
+(Illustr. of the Bot. of the Himalayan Mountains, vol. i. p. 275), Merat
+and De Lens (Dict. de Matičre Médicale, l. i. p. 467), &c.
+
+[J] Revue Pharmaceutique de 1856, par Dorvault, p. 37.
+
+[K] Comptes Rendus, 28 Juin 1858, p. 1276.
+
+
+
+
+Catalogue of the Heterocerous Lepidoptera collected at Singapore by Mr.
+A. R. WALLACE, with Descriptions of New Species. By FRANCIS WALKER,
+Esq., F.L.S.
+
+[Read Feb. 17, 1859.]
+
+
+Fam. URANIIDĘ, _Westwood_.
+
+Gen. NYCTALEMON, _Dalman_.
+
+1. Nyctalemon Hector, _White, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ vii. 1771.
+
+Inhabits also Borneo.
+
+
+Fam. AGARISTIDĘ, _Swainson_.
+
+Gen. EUSEMIA, _Dalman_.
+
+2. Eusemia maculatrix, _Westwood, Cat. Orient. Ent._ 67, pl. 33. f. 1.
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan and Java.
+
+3. Eusemia mollis, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ vii. 1774.
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan.
+
+
+Fam. ZYGĘNIDĘ, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. SYNTOMIS, _Illiger_.
+
+4. SYNTOMIS ANNOSA, n. s. _Foem._ Cinereo-fusca; capite, antennis apice,
+humeris abdominisque maculis lateralibus albis; alis maculis quatuor
+vitreis.
+
+_Female._ Cinereous brown. Head white. Antennę serrated, white towards
+the tips. Thorax with a large white spot on each side in front. Abdomen
+somewhat compressed towards the base, with white spots along each side.
+Wings long, with the discal areolets from the base to beyond the middle
+mostly vitreous, but having the veins bordered with brown. Length of the
+body 9 lines; of the wings 22 lines.
+
+5. SYNTOMIS CHLOROLEUCA, n. s. _Foem._ Nigro-viridis; fronte, antennis
+apice, humeris abdominisque fasciis duabus dorsalibus fasciisque
+ventralibus albis; alis purpureo-nigris, anticis maculis quatuor
+vitreis, posticis macula una vitrea.
+
+_Female._ Blackish-green. Front, antennę towards the tips, and two
+humeral spots white. Antennę simple. Abdomen with a white band at the
+base, and with another on the fifth segment, and with white ventral
+bands. Wings purplish-black; fore wings with four vitreous spots; the
+fore one of the interior pair not one-third of the size of the hind one,
+which is very long; the fore one of the exterior pair much narrower than
+the hind one, and accompanied at its inner end by an elongated vitreous
+point; hind wings with an elongated vitreous spot. Length of the body
+4-1/2 lines; of the wings 12 lines.
+
+6. SYNTOMIS XANTHOMELA, n. s. _Mas._ Nigra; fronte, thoracis margine
+antico abdominisque fasciis ochraceis; antennis apice albis, abdominis
+fasciculo pallide cinereo; alis anticis maculis quinque vitreis,
+posticis maculis duabus vitreis.
+
+_Male._ Black. Front, fore borders of the thorax and hind borders of the
+abdominal segments ochraceous; dorsal tuft pale cinereous, rather large.
+Antennę simple, white towards the tips. Fore wings with five vitreous
+spots, of which the basal one is small and round, and the other four
+large and elongated; the exterior pair intersected by the black veins.
+Hind wings with two vitreous spots, of which one is basal and the other
+discal. Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 9 lines.
+
+
+Fam. LITHOSIIDĘ.
+
+Gen. NYCTEMERA, _Hübner_.
+
+7. NYCTEMERA MUNDIPICTA, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Fusca; capite thoraceque
+albo vittatis; abdomine albo guttis dorsalibus fuscis; alis anticis basi
+albo venosis, fascia exteriore obliqua postice abbreviata alba, posticis
+albis fusco marginatis. _Foem._ Thorace fascia postica lutea, abdomine
+fusco fasciis albis; alis anticis fascia latiore vix abbreviata.
+
+_Male._ Brown. Head and thorax with white lines. Antennę moderately
+pectinated. Pectus with black spots, luteous on each side. Abdomen
+white, with brown dorsal dots; tip luteous. Legs white. Fore wings with
+white veins towards the base, and with an exterior oblique white band,
+which is narrower hindward, and ends at some distance from the interior
+border. Hind wings white, with a broad brown border. _Female?_ Larger.
+Antennę slightly pectinated. Thorax with a slight luteous band in front,
+and another hindward. Abdomen brown, with a white band on the hind
+border of each segment; under side white, with brown spots along each
+side. Fore wings with the band much broader, hardly straightened
+hindward, and ending very near the interior border. Length of the body
+5-6 lines; of the wings 16-20 lines.
+
+Gen. CYCLOSIA, _Hübner_.
+
+8. CYCLOSIA SUBMACULANS, n. s. _Mas._ Nigra, velutina, squamis nonnullis
+cyaneis, subtus albo cyaneoque fasciata; alis anticis purpureo-nigris,
+punctis paucis exterioribus, alis posticis fuscis, punctis
+submarginalibus albis; alis quatuor subtus fuscis, guttis exterioribus
+et submarginalibus albis.
+
+_Male._ Black, with a few metallic blue specks, and with metallic
+bluish-white pectoral spots and ventral bands. Antennę slightly
+pectinated. Wings velvety, rather long, brown beneath, with an exterior
+and a submarginal row of white dots; fore wings purplish-black, with a
+few exterior and submarginal white points; hind wings brown, with
+submargiual white points. Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 28
+lines.
+
+9. CYCLOSIA NIVIPETENS, n. s. _Mas._ Cinereo-nigra; antennis
+cyaneo-nigris subpectinatis; alis anticis fascia lata submarginali alba.
+
+_Male._ Cinereous-black. Antennę bluish-black. Fore wings with a broad,
+submarginal, upright, white band, which is much narrower hindward, and
+is intersected by the black veins. Length of the body 7 lines; of the
+wings 22 lines.
+
+Gen. PIDORUS, _Walk._
+
+10. PIDORUS CONSTRICTUS, n. s. _Mas._ Cyaneo-niger, subtus testaceus;
+antennis pectinatis corpore vix brevioribus; thoracis margine antico
+coccineo; alis angustis, anticis fascia exteriore subrecta subobliqua
+flavo-alba, posticis cinereo-nigris.
+
+_Male._ Bluish-black, testaceous beneath. Antennę moderately pectinated,
+hardly shorter than the body. Thorax crimson along the fore border.
+Wings narrow, somewhat testaceous beneath towards the base; fore wings
+with a slightly oblique, hardly curved, yellowish-white exterior band;
+hind wings cinereous-black. Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 16
+lines.
+
+Gen. HYPSA, _Hübner_.
+
+11. Hypsa silvandra, _Cram. Pap. Exot._ iv. 155, pl. 369. f. D
+(Phalęna).
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan, China, and Australia.
+
+12. Hypsa egens, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ 11. 453. 12.
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan and Java.
+
+Gen. SETINA, _Schranck_.
+
+13. SETINA BIPUNCTATA, n. s. _Mas._ Flava; alis anticis punctis duobus
+basalibus guttaque discali nigris.
+
+_Male._ Yellow, closely allied to _S. apicalis_ (Cat. Lep. Het. 521).
+Fore wings black along the costa towards the base, where there are two
+black points; a small black dot at the tip of the discal areolet. Hind
+wings a little paler than the fore wings. Length of the body 3 lines; of
+the wings 8 lines.
+
+Gen. BIZONE, _Walk._
+
+14. Bizone hamata, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ 88. 5493.
+
+Inhabits also China.
+
+Gen. DEIOPEIA, _Stephens_.
+
+15. DEIOPEIA DETRACTA, n. s. _Foem._ Pallide lutea; thorace guttis
+nigris; alis sat angustis nigro guttatis, fimbria pallida nitente; alis
+anticis nigro transverse quadristrigatis.
+
+_Female._ Pale luteous. Thorax with six black dots. Wings narrower than
+in the other species of this genus, with black dots, of which the most
+part are towards the exterior border, where they form two irregular
+lines, and are somewhat confluent on the under side; fringe whitish,
+shining. Fore wings with four short transverse various black streaks, of
+which the first and the second form an interrupted line. Length of the
+body 5 lines; of the wings 14 lines.
+
+Gen. DARANTASIA, n. g.
+
+_Foem. Corpus_ sat robustum. _Proboscis_ distincta. _Palpi_ porrecti,
+breves, caput non superantes; articulus tertius longiconicus, acutus,
+secundi dimidio non longior. _Antennę_ setaceę, simplices, gracillimę.
+_Abdomen_ subconicum, alas posticas superans; sexualia sat magna.
+_Pedes_ breves, nudi, sat validi, calcaribus robustis sat longis. _Alę_
+breviusculę, sat angustę; anticę apud costam convexę, apice rotundatę,
+margine exteriore perobliquo.
+
+Allied to _Lemyra_ (Cat. Lep. Het. vii. 1690).
+
+_Female._ Body rather stout. Proboscis moderately long. Palpi porrect,
+short, not extending beyond the head; third joint elongate-conical,
+acute, about half the length of the second. Antennę setaceous, simple,
+very slender, full half the length of the body. Abdomen nearly conical,
+extending somewhat beyond the hind wings; anal appendages rather large.
+Legs short, bare, rather stout; spurs stout, rather long. Wings rather
+short and narrow; fore wings convex along the costa, rounded at the
+tips, extremely oblique along the exterior border.
+
+16. DARANTASIA CUNEIPLENA, n. s. _Mas._ Nigra; corpore subtus, capite,
+thoracis fasciis duabus anticis maculaque postica abdominisque fasciis
+posticis luteis; pedibus luteis, tibiis supra nigris; alis anticis luteo
+octo-strigatis, posticis luteo strigatis.
+
+_Male._ Black, mostly luteous beneath. Head luteous. Thorax with two
+luteous bands in front, and with a luteous spot hindward. Abdomen with
+luteous bands hindward. Legs luteous; tibię black above. Fore wings with
+eight wedge-shaped luteous streaks, of which three are near the base,
+two subcostal, two hindward, and one submarginal and transverse. Hind
+wings with three luteous streaks, of which the first and second are
+connected exteriorly, and the third is short, broad, and submarginal.
+Length of the body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+
+Fam. LIPARIDĘ, _Boisduval_.
+
+Gen. ARTAXA, _Walk._
+
+17. ARTAXA VARIANS, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ iv. 796.
+
+Inhabits also West Africa, Hindostan, and China.
+
+Gen. PANTANA, _Walk._
+
+18. PANTANA BICOLOR, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ iv. 820.
+
+_Note._--_P. dispar_, a native of Hindostan, and _P. ampla_, a native of
+China, may be varieties of this species.
+
+
+Fam. NOTODONTIDĘ, _Stephens_.
+
+Gen. DARABITTA, n. g.
+
+_Foem._ _Corpus_ vix robustum. _Proboscis_ brevis. _Palpi_ longiusculi,
+oblique ascendentes, non pilosi. _Antennę_ validę, subcompressę,
+breviusculę, simplices. _Abdomen_ conicum, alas posticas non superans.
+_Pedes_ squamosi, lęves, brevinusculi, sat graciles, calcaribus longis.
+_Alę_ latiusculę, non longę; anticę apud costam rectę, apice
+subrotundatę, margine exteriore vix convexo.
+
+This genus hardly belongs to the _Notodontidę_; but its precise
+situation seems to be uncertain. _Female._ Body hardly stout. Proboscis
+short. Palpi rather long and slender, not pilose, obliquely ascending,
+rising a little higher than the vertex; third joint elongate-conical,
+less than half the length of the second. Antennę stout, bare, slightly
+compressed, little longer than the thorax; joints few. Abdomen conical,
+not extending beyond the hind wings. Legs squamous, smooth, rather short
+and slender; spurs long. Wings rather broad, not long; fore wings
+straight along the costa, slightly rounded at the tips; exterior border
+hardly convex, very slightly oblique.
+
+19. DARABITTA STRIGICOSTA, n. s. _Foem._ Rufa, vix cinerascens; alis
+anticis linea submarginali e punctis nigris, lineolis tribus costalibus
+obliquis albis, prima angulata, secunda tertiaque connexis.
+
+_Female._ Red, with a slight cinereous tinge, more cinereous beneath.
+Antennę pale. Fore wings with three white oblique costal streaks; first
+streak forming an outward angle; second connected in the disk with the
+third, which is oblique in the contrary direction; a row of submarginal
+black points. Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+
+Fam. LIMACODIDĘ, _Duponchel_.
+
+Gen. MIRESA, _Walk._
+
+20. MIRESA CURVIFERA, n. s. _Mas._ Rufa, crassa, brevis; antennis late
+pectinatis; alis anticis linea exteriore arcuata nivea, spatio contiguo
+exteriore obscuriore.
+
+_Male._ Red, thick, short. Palpi porrect, extending a little beyond the
+head. Antennę shorter than the thorax, broadly pectinated except towards
+the tips. Abdomen short, obtuse, not extending beyond the hind wings.
+Legs short. Wings not broad. Fore wings straight along the costa,
+rounded at the tips, darker on the exterior side of a curved transverse
+bright white line, which is somewhat beyond the middle; exterior border
+rather oblique. Hind wings a little paler than the fore wings. Length of
+the body 4-1/2 lines; of the wings 12 lines.
+
+
+Fam. SATURNIIDĘ, _Walk._
+
+Gen. ATTACUS, _Linn._
+
+21. ATTACUS ATLAS, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 808.
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan, Ceylon, China, and Borneo.
+
+
+Fam. BOMBYCIDĘ.
+
+Gen. BOMBYX, _Linn._
+
+22. BOMBYX SUBNOTATA. _Mas._ Ferruginea, crassa; antennis late
+pectinatis; abdominis apice laminis lateralibus fimbriatis; alis anticis
+margine exteriore subundulato subexciso, macula subtus costali
+subapicali flava.
+
+_Male._ Ferruginous, thick, pilose. Mouth obsolete. Antennę broadly
+pectinated. Abdomen much more slender than the thorax, not extending
+beyond the hind wings; anal lateral appendages fringed. Legs short,
+stout. Fore wings rounded at the tips, extremely oblique along the
+exterior border, which is slightly angular in the middle and slightly
+excavated on each side; under side with a yellow costal spot near the
+tip. Hind wings with the interior border densely fringed towards the
+tip. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 16 lines.
+
+
+Fam. LEUCANIDĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. MYTHIMNA, _Hübner_.
+
+23. MYTHIMNA INDUCENS, n. s. _Foem._ Lateritio-rufa, subtus albida;
+palporum articulo tertio brevissimo; abdomine rufescenti-cano; alarum
+anticarum puncto discali nigro, lineis duabus nigricantibus subarcuatis
+indistinctis, alis posticis rufescenti-canis.
+
+_Female._ Brick-red colour, mostly whitish beneath. Palpi obliquely
+ascending, not rising to the height of the vertex; third joint extremely
+small, less than one-sixth of the length of the second. Abdomen
+reddish-hoary, extending but little beyond the hind wings. Legs stout,
+squamous; spurs moderately long. Fore wings very slightly convex along
+the costa, rectangular at the tips; exterior border slightly oblique,
+nearly straight; two slender, indistinct, slightly curved, blackish
+lines, having between them a more distinct black discal point. Hind
+wings reddish-hoary, the reddish tinge most prevalent towards the
+exterior border. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 18 lines.
+
+
+Fam. GONOPTERIDĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. ANOMIS, _Hübner_.
+
+24. ANOMIS MUTILATA, n. s. _Mas._ Rufa, robusta, subtus
+rufescenti-cinerea; palpis longis subascendentibus; abdomine latiusculo;
+alarum anticarum lineis tribus indistinctis angulosis nigricantibus,
+orbiculari alba punctiformi, margine exteriore postico perobliquo
+subexcavato.
+
+_Male._ Red, stout, reddish cinereous beneath. Palpi long, obliquely
+ascending; third joint slender, linear, obtuse at the tip, a little
+shorter than the second. Antennę stout, with extremely short setę.
+Abdomen rather broad, extending a little beyond the hind wings. Fore
+wings with three blackish, indistinct, slightly diffuse, zigzag lines,
+which are slightly bordered hindward with pale yellow; orbicular mark
+white, punctiform; exterior border slightly angular, hardly oblique, and
+slightly truncated on the fore half, extremely oblique and with two
+slight excavations on the hind half; fringe partly white. Hind wings not
+paler than the fore wings. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 18
+lines.
+
+Gen. THALATTA, _Walk._
+
+25. Thalatta aurigutta, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ xv. 1793.
+
+
+Fam. HYPOGRAMMIDĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. BRIARDA, _Walk._
+
+26. BRIARDA PLAGIFERA, n. s. _Mas._ Ferrugineo-cinerea; capite
+thoraceque antico nigricantibus; tibiis ciliatis; alis sat angustis
+subdenticulatis, anticarum fascia basali, macula discali maculaque
+costali exteriore nigricantibus, lineis exteriore et submarginali fuscis
+duplicatis denticulatis subnebulosis; alis posticis pallide cinereis,
+semihyalinis, fusco latissime marginatis.
+
+_Male._ Cinereous, tinged with ferruginous. Head and fore part of the
+thorax blackish. Palpi obliquely ascending; third joint linear, conical
+at the tip, about half the length of the second. Antennę hardly setose.
+Abdomen extending a little beyond the hind wings. Legs rather stout;
+tibię fringed; spurs very long. Wings rather narrow, slightly
+denticulated. Fore wings slightly rounded at the tips, very oblique
+along the exterior border; a blackish band near the base, abbreviated
+hindward; a large blackish spot on the reniform mark, and a diffuse
+blackish spot near the tip of the costa; exterior and submarginal lines
+brown, double, denticulated, with the space along their borders somewhat
+clouded. Hind wings pale cinereous, semihyaline, with very broad brown
+borders. Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 22 lines.
+
+
+Fam. CATEPHIDĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. STEIRIA, _Walk._
+
+27. STEIRIA PHRYGANEOIDES, n. s. _Mas._ Pallide cinerea, rufescente
+conspersa; palpis longis vix ascendentibus; alis sat angustis
+denticulatis; alarum anticarum squamis nonnullis nigris fuscisque,
+marginibus exteriore et interiore non conspersis, reniformi magna; alis
+posticis pallide cinereis, fusco late marginatis.
+
+_Male._ Pale cinereous, thickly speckled with ferruginous red. Palpi
+long, hardly ascending, almost straight; third joint linear, obtuse at
+the tip, rather shorter than the second. Antennę bare. Abdomen conical,
+extending rather beyond the hind wings; apical tuft small. Legs rather
+long and slender, almost bare; spurs very long. Wings rather narrow;
+exterior border denticulated. Fore wings with the speckles mostly
+confluent in the disk, mostly wanting along the interior and exterior
+borders; several black and brown speckles, some of which border the
+large reniform mark. Hind wings pale cinereous, with a broad brown
+border. Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 20 lines.
+
+
+Fam. OPHIDERIDĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. OPHIDERES, _Boisduval_.
+
+28. Ophideres Salaminia, _Cram. Pap. Exot._ 71. 117, pl. 174. fig. A.
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan, Ceylon, Java, and China.
+
+29. Ophideres discrepans, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ xiii. 1227.
+
+30. Ophideres smaragdipicta, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ xiii. 1229.
+
+
+Fam. PHYLLODIDĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. LYGNIODES, _Guénée_.
+
+31. Lygniodes endoleuca, _Guén. Noct._ iii. 124.
+
+Inhabits also Java.
+
+
+Fam. EREBIDĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. SYPNA, _Guénée_.
+
+32. Sypna subsignata, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ xiv. 1261.
+
+
+Fam. OMMATOPHORIDĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. PATULA, _Guénée_.
+
+33. Patula macrops, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 225 (Noctua).
+
+Inhabits also West and South Africa, Madagascar, Hindostan, and Ceylon.
+
+Gen. ARGIVA, _Hübner_.
+
+34. Argiva hieroglyphica, _Drury, Ins. Exot._ 11. 3, pl. 2. f. 1
+(Noctua).
+
+Inhabits also Madagascar, Hindostan, and Ceylon.
+
+
+Fam. OPHIUSIDĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. CĘCILA, _Walk._
+
+35. Cęcila complexa, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ xv. 1825.
+
+Gen. OPHISMA, _Guénée_.
+
+36. Ophisma Umminia, _Cram. Pap. Exot._ 111. 137, pl. 267. f. 7
+(Noctua).
+
+Inhabits also Java and Sumatra.
+
+Gen. ACHĘA, _Hübner_.
+
+37. Achęa mercatoria, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 111. 2, 62. 175. (Noctua).
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan and Java.
+
+
+Fam. THERMESIDĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. THERMESIA, _Hübner_.
+
+38. THERMESIA? RECUSATA, n. s. _Mas._ Rufescenti-cinerea, robusta,
+nigricante conspersa, capite thoraceque antico fuscis; palpis
+longissimis ascendentibus subarcuatis; antennis subsetosis, alis linea
+exteriore recta obliqua nigricante extus diffusa, linea interiore tenui
+subarcuata nigricante, linea submarginali e punctis lineaque marginali
+nigris.
+
+_Male._ Reddish cinereous, stout, with blackish speckles. Head and fore
+part of the thorax brown. Frontal tuft acute. Palpi very long, slightly
+curved, nearly vertical; third joint linear, acute, shorter than the
+second. Antennę slightly setose. Abdomen hardly extending beyond the
+hind wings. Wings with the speckles here and there confluent; lines
+blackish; interior line slender, slightly curved; exterior line
+straight, oblique, diffuse on the outer side, extending almost to the
+tips of the fore wings; submarginal line represented by points; marginal
+line slightly undulating. Fore wings rectangular at the tips; exterior
+border slightly bent; its fore part not oblique; orbicular and reniform
+marks indistinct. Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 16 lines.
+
+Gen. HYPERNARIA, _Guénée_.
+
+39. HYPERNARIA DIFFUNDENS, n. s. _Foem._ Cinerea, robusta, fusco
+conspersa; palporum articulo secundo extus fusco, tertio aciculari
+longissimo, alarum lineis interiore et exteriore vagis dentatis lineaque
+media recta sat obliqua squamis fuscis, punctis marginalibus atris, alis
+anticis acutis, orbiculari punctiformi atra, litura reniformi angusta
+fusco marginata extus excavata.
+
+_Female._ Cinereous, stout, speckled with brown. Palpi very slightly
+curved; second joint brown on the outer side; third acicular, a little
+shorter than the second. Antennę minutely setose. Abdomen not extending
+beyond the hind wings. Wings with the interior and exterior lines
+angulose, diffuse, composed of brown speckles; middle line more oblique,
+straight, slender, double, obsolete towards the costa of the fore wings,
+bordered with diffuse angular streaks of brown speckles; marginal points
+deep black. Fore wings acute; orbicular mark black, punctiform; reniform
+narrow, brown, bordered, excavated on the outer side; exterior border
+slightly convex. Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 22 lines.
+
+Gen. UGIA, _Walk._
+
+40. Ugia disjungens, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ xv. 1860.
+
+
+Fam. PLATYDIDĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. MASCA, _Walk._
+
+41. Masca abactalis, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ xvi. 9.
+
+
+Fam. HYPENIDĘ, _Herr.-Schęffer_.
+
+Gen. HYPENA, _Schranck_.
+
+42. Hypena ruralis, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ xvi. 65.
+
+Inhabits also Ceylon.
+
+Gen. MACNA, _Walk._
+
+43. Macna pomalis, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ xvi. 78.
+
+
+Fam. MARGARODIDĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. MARGARODES, _Guénée_.
+
+44. Margarodes Amphitritalis, _Guén. Delt. et Pyral._ 307, 327.
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan.
+
+Gen. NEURINA, _Guénée_.
+
+45. Neurina Procopialis, _Cram. Pap. Exot._ iv. 152, pl. 368. f. E.
+(Phalęna Pyralis Procopia.)
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan and Java.
+
+
+Fam. ENNOMIDĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. BULONGA, n. g.
+
+_Corpus_ gracile. _Proboscis_ brevissima. _Palpi_ breves, porrecti,
+angulati. _Antennę_ simplices. _Abdomen_ conicum. _Pedes_ graciles,
+nudi, calcaribus non longis, tibiis anticis brevissimis. _Alę_ sat latę;
+anticę acutę, margine exteriore sat obliquo; posticę abdomen superantes.
+
+Body slender. Proboscis very short. Palpi as long as the breadth of the
+head; second joint obliquely ascending; third porrect, rather shorter
+than the second, with which it forms an obtuse angle. Antennę simply
+filiform. Abdomen conical. Legs slender, bare; spurs rather short; fore
+tibię very short. Wings rather broad; fore wings rectangular at the
+tips; costa hardly convex; exterior border rather oblique. Hind wings
+with the interior angle prominent, acute.
+
+46. BULONGA SCHISTACEARIA, n. s. _Foem._ Glauco-cinerea, alis
+nitentibus, linea marginali nigra fimbria interlineata, anticis fusco
+quadrilineatis, posticis trilineatis.
+
+_Female._ Glaucous-cinereous, paler beneath. Head and palpi reddish.
+Wings shining; marginal line black; fringe pale cinereous, including a
+darker line. Fore wings with four straight oblique brown lines; second
+line broader than the first, apparent also on the hind wings; third
+narrower and darker than the others, blackish, and still more distinct
+on the hind wings, where it is bordered with whitish on the outer side;
+fourth more indistinct than the others, still more indistinct on the
+hind wings. Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 16 lines.
+
+
+Fam. AMPHIDASYDĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. DARISTANE, n. g.
+
+_Mas._ _Corpus_ robustum. _Proboscis_ brevissima. _Palpi_ validi, breves
+obtusi, oblique ascendentes; articulus tertius minimus. _Antennę_
+setaceę, simplices. _Abdomen_ conicum, alas posticas non superans.
+_Pedes_ validi, breviusculi; tibię anticę brevissimę, posteriores
+latissimae, calcaribus longis. _Alę_ breviusculę, sat latę; anticę
+acutę.
+
+_Male._ Body robust. Proboscis very short. Palpi short, stout, obtuse,
+obliquely ascending; third joint very small. Antennę setaceous, simple.
+Abdomen conical, not extending beyond the hind wings. Legs stout, rather
+short; tibię pilose; fore tibię very short; posterior tibię very broad,
+especially the middle pair. Wings rather short, moderately broad. Fore
+wings straight along the costa, acutely rectangular at the tips;
+exterior border rather oblique.
+
+47. DARISTANE TIBIARIA, n. s. _Mas._ Cinerea, nitens, alis nigro
+conspersis, fascia media rufescente non bene determinata, anticis costa
+albida nigro punctata.
+
+_Male._ Cinereous, shining, a little paler beneath. Wings speckled with
+black; an indistinct oblique reddish middle band; costa of the fore
+wings whitish, with black points. Length of the body 5 lines; of the
+wings 12 lines.
+
+
+Fam. PALYADĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. EUMELEA, _Duncan_.
+
+48. Eumelea Rosaliata, _Cram. Pap. Exot._ iv. 152, pl. 368. f. F.
+(Phalęna Geometra Rosalia.)
+
+Inhabits also Amboyna.
+
+
+Fam. EPHYRIDĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. EPHYRA, _Duponchel_.
+
+49. EPHYRA QUADRISTRIARIA, n. s. _Foem._ Rufescens, subtus flava, alis
+flavis rufescente conspersis, fascia exteriore perobliqua rufescente,
+anticis acutis, lituris duabus costalibus obliquis fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Reddish, yellow beneath. Proboscis short. Palpi short,
+slightly ascending; third joint linear, obtuse, a little shorter than
+the second. Antennę short, stout, setaceous. Abdomen not extending
+beyond the hind wings. Legs bare, rather long and slender; spurs long.
+Wings yellow, with reddish speckles, and with a straight reddish band,
+which extends from beyond the middle of the interior border of the hind
+wings to the tips of the fore wings. Fore wings acute, with two oblique
+brown costal marks; exterior border rather oblique. Length of the body 4
+lines; of the wings 12 lines.
+
+Gen. ANISODES, _Guénée_.
+
+50. ANISODES EXPUNCTARIA, n. s. _Foem._ Luteo-cervina, palpis longis
+angulatis, antennis breviusculis, alis ferrugineo subconspersis, linea
+media fusca undulata valde indistincta, lineis interiore et exteriore e
+punctis nigris, punctis marginalibus nigris.
+
+_Female._ Pale luteous fawn colour. Proboscis short. Palpi long,
+slightly decumbent; third joint a little shorter than the second, with
+which it forms an obtuse angle. Antennę simple, short. Wings minutely
+and indistinctly sprinkled with ferruginous; a brown, diffuse,
+undulating, very indistinct middle line, which is obsolete in the hind
+wings; interior and exterior lines indicated by widely separated black
+points; marginal points black. Fore wings rectangular at the tips;
+exterior border slightly oblique. Length of the body 6 lines; of the
+wings 8 lines.
+
+
+Fam. ACIDALIDĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. SYNEGIA, _Guénée_.
+
+51. Synegia botydaria, _Guén. Uran. et Phal._ i. 423. 694.
+
+Inhabits also Borneo.
+
+Gen. DRAPETODES, _Guénée_.
+
+52. Drapetodes mitaria, _Guén. Uran. et Phal._ i. 424. 695.
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan.
+
+Gen. TIMANDRA, _Duponchel_.
+
+53. TIMANDRA AJAIA, n. s. _Mas._ Glaucescenti-cinerea; antennis setosis,
+alis linea perobliqua fusca antice abbreviata, linea marginali nigra,
+anticis valde acutis, reniformi tenui fusca.
+
+_Male._ Cinereous, with a glaucous tinge. Proboscis short. Palpi very
+short, obliquely ascending; third joint extremely small. Antennę setose,
+somewhat shorter than the body. Wings with a straight, very oblique,
+brown line, which extends from the middle of the interior border of the
+hind wings towards the tip of the fore wings, on approaching which it is
+obsolete; marginal line black. Fore wings very acute; exterior border
+extremely oblique; reniform mark brown, very slender. Hind wings
+extending beyond the abdomen. Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings
+17 lines.
+
+Gen. ZANCLOPTERYX, _Herr.-Schęffer_.
+
+54. Zanclopteryx saponaria, _Herr.-Schęffer, Guén. Uran. et Phal._ 11.
+16, 915.
+
+Inhabits also Ceylon.
+
+
+Fam. MICRONIDĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. MICRONIA, _Guénée_.
+
+55. Micronia rectinervata, _Guén. Uran. et Phal._ 11. 27, 933.
+
+
+Fam. ZERENIDĘ.
+
+Gen. STALAGMIA, _Guénée_.
+
+56. Stalagmia guttaria, _Guér. Icon. Regn. Anim. Ins._ pl. 90 (Phalęna).
+
+
+
+
+Catalogue of the Heterocerous Lepidopterous Insects collected at Malacca
+by Mr. A. R. WALLACE, with Descriptions of New Species. By FRANCIS
+WALKER.
+
+
+Fam. SPHINGIDĘ, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. MACROGLOSSA, _Ochsenheimer_.
+
+1. Macroglossa Passalus, _Drury, Exot. Ins._ ii. 52, pl. 29. f. 2
+(Sphinx).
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan and Java.
+
+2. Macroglossa corythus, _Boisd. MSS._; _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ viii. 92.
+14.
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan, Ceylon, and Java.
+
+
+Fam. AGARISTIDĘ, _Swainson_.
+
+Gen. EUSEMIA, _Dalman_.
+
+3. Eusemia maculatrix, _Westw._ (See Singapore Sp. No. 2.)
+
+4. Eusemia mollis, _Walk._ (See Singapore Sp. No. 3.)
+
+5. EUSEMIA SUBDIVES, n. s. _Mas._ Atra, antennis subpectinatis, abdomine
+fasciis luteis, alis anticis fascia exteriore recta non obliqua
+testacea; posticis ochraceis atro marginatis.
+
+_Male._ Deep black. Antennę slightly pectinated, slightly hooked at the
+tips. Abdomen with a luteous band on the hind border of each segment.
+Fore wings with an upright, straight, testaceous exterior band, which
+does not extend to the interior border. Hind wings bright ochraceous,
+with a deep black border, which is irregular on the inner side and is
+joined in front to a black spot, the latter, on the under side,
+containing a white curved line. Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings
+28 lines.
+
+
+Fam. LITHOSIIDĘ, _Stephens_.
+
+Gen. NYCTEMERA, _Hübner_.
+
+6. Nyctemera tripunctaria, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 864. 226 (Geometra).
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan and China.
+
+Gen. EUSCHEMA, _Hübner_.
+
+7. Euschema subrepleta, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ xi. 406. 3.
+
+Inhabits also Ceylon and Borneo.
+
+
+Fam. LIPARIDĘ, _Boisduval_.
+
+Gen. PANTANA.
+
+8. Pantana bicolor, _Walk._ (See Singapore Sp. No. 17.)
+
+
+Fam. ORTHOSIDĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. CAREA, _Walk._
+
+9. Carea varipes, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ x. 475.
+
+
+Fam. HYBLĘIDĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. HYBLĘA, _Fabr._
+
+10. Hyblęa tortricoides, _Guén. Noct._ ii. 391.
+
+Inhabits also Borneo.
+
+11. Hyblęa erycinoides, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ xv. 1792.
+
+
+Fam. PHYLLODIDĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. LYGNIODES, _Guénée_.
+
+12. Lygniodes endoleuca, _Guén._ (See Singapore Sp. No. 30.)
+
+
+Fam. OPHIUSIDĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. OPHIUSA, _Ochsenheimer_.
+
+13. Ophiusa fulvotęnia, _Guén. Noct._ iii. 272. 1710.
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan, Ceylon, Java, and Sumatra.
+
+
+Fam. THERMESIDĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. COTUZA, _Walk._
+
+14. COTUZA CONFIRMATA, n. s. _Mas._ Cinereo-ferruginea, robusta, dense
+vestita, subtus alba; palpis latis compressis oblique ascendentibus;
+articulo tertio minimo, antennis plus dimidio basali subpectinatis, alis
+linea, media recta perobliqua nigro-fusca antice angulosa et retracta,
+linea exteriore e denticulis nigro-fuscis albido terminatis, fimbria
+apice alba, alis anticis subhamatis, linea interiore nigro-fusca
+undulata orbiculari nigra punctiformi, reniformi et litura costali albis
+nigro marginatis.
+
+_Male._ Cinereous-ferruginous, stout, densely pilose, white beneath.
+Palpi broad, compressed, obliquely ascending, not rising higher than the
+head; third joint obtuse, extremely short. Antennę slightly pectinated
+to nearly two-thirds of the length, bare from thence to the tips.
+Abdomen not extending beyond the hind wings. Legs white; tibię
+ferruginous above. Wings ample; a blackish brown, straight, very oblique
+line, which is zigzag, and retracted towards the costa of the fore
+wings; exterior line composed of blackish-brown, very acute,
+whitish-pointed angles; fringe white exteriorly. Fore wings slightly
+hooked, with an interior undulating blackish-brown line; orbicular mark
+black, punctiform; reniform white, black-bordered, forming a triangular
+spot and an anterior point; a small exterior white costa, with mark.
+Length of the body 11 lines; of the wings 28 lines.
+
+
+Fam. ACIDALIDĘ, _Guénée_.
+
+Gen. ZANCLOPTERYX, _Herr.-Schęff._
+
+15. Zanclopteryx saponaria, _Herr.-Schęff._ (See Singapore Species, No.
+54.)
+
+
+
+
+INDEX.
+
+
+
+                          Page
+
+Achęa mercatoria, _Fabr._  191
+
+Achias longividens, _Walk._  121
+  latividens, _Walk._  121
+  amplividens, _Walk._  122
+
+Achiides, _Walk._  121
+
+Acidalidę, _Guénée_  195, 198
+
+Adraga, _Walk._  82
+  univitta, _Walk._  82
+
+Adrama, _Walk._  117
+  selecta, _Walk._  118
+
+Agaristidę, _Swainson_  183, 196
+
+Agathis fumipennis, _Sm._  176
+  modesta, _Sm._  25
+  nitida, _Sm._  26
+  sculpturalis, _Sm._  25
+
+Agenia, Alcyone, _Sm._  155
+  Althea, _Sm._  154
+  Amalthea, _Sm._  155
+  bimaculata, _Sm._  13
+  blanda, _Guér._  13, 154
+  Callisto, _Sm._  154
+  jucunda, _Sm._  154
+
+Alastor apicatus, _Sm._  166
+  unifasciatus, _Sm._  165
+
+Allodape nitida, _Sm._  134
+
+Ammophila insolata, _Sm._  14
+
+Amorphopus, _Bell_  27
+  cylindraceus, _Bell_  27
+
+Amphidasydę, _Guénée_  193
+
+Anas punctata, _Cuvier_  33
+
+Andrenidę, _Leach_  5, 132
+
+Angitula, _Walk._  123
+  longicollis, _Walk._  123
+
+Anisodes expunctaria, _Walk._  194
+
+Anomis mutilata, _Walk._  189
+
+Anthomyia procellaria, _Walk._  108
+
+Anthomyides, _Walk._  107, 130
+
+Anthophora elegans, _Sm._  135
+  zonata, _Linn._  8, 135
+
+Anthrax degenera, _Walk._  90
+  pelops, _Walk._  90
+  semiscita, _Walk._  90
+
+Apis zonata, _Sm._  8
+
+Argiva hieroglyphica, _Drury_  191
+
+Argonauta tuberculosa  34
+
+Aricia canivitta, _Walk._  107
+
+Aricia significans, _Walk._  107
+  squalens, _Walk._  130
+  vicaria, _Walk._  130
+
+Artaxa varians, _Walk._  189
+
+Asilidę, _Leach_  83, 128
+
+Asilites, _Walk._  87
+
+Asilus longistylus, _Wied._  88
+  superveniens, _Walk._  128
+
+Attacus Atlas, _Linn._  188
+
+
+Baccha purpuricola, _Walk._  129
+
+Bee, death of the Common Hive Bee occasioned by a parasitic fungus  29
+
+Bembex melancholica, _Sm._  160
+  trepanda, _Dahlb._  15
+
+Bembicidę, _Westw._  15
+
+Bengalia spissa, _Walk._  107
+
+Bibionidę, _Haliday_  77
+
+Bizone hamata, _Walk._  186
+
+Bombilidę, _Leach_  90
+
+Bombyx subnotata, _Walk._  188
+
+Bombycidę  188
+
+Bombylites, _Walk._  90
+
+Bracon abdominalis, _Sm._  175
+  albo-marginatus, _Sm._   174
+  basalis, _Sm._  174
+  exoletus, _Sm._  175
+  insinuator, _Sm._  24
+  intrudens, _Sm._  24, 176
+  nigripennis, _Sm._  175
+  nitidus, _Sm._  175
+  pallifrons, _Sm._  176
+
+Braconidę  24
+
+Brea, _Walk._  117
+  contraria, _Walk._  117
+  discalis, _Walk._  117
+
+Briarda plagifera, _Walk._  189
+
+Bulonga, _Walk._  193
+  schistacearia, _Walk._  193
+
+
+Coelyoxys fulvifrons, _Sm._  7
+
+Calobata Abana, _Walk._  124
+  albitarsis, _Wied._  124
+  indica, _Desv._  124
+  sepsoides, _Walk._  124
+
+Cardiacephala debilis, _Walk._  124
+
+Carea varipes, _Walk._  197
+Catephidę, _Guénée_  190
+
+Ceratina hieroglyphica, _Sm._  7
+  viridis, _Guér._  7
+
+Cerceris fuliginosa, _Sm._  19
+  instabilis, _Sm._  18
+  unifasciata, _Sm._  19
+  varipes, _Sm._  19
+
+Cereopsis Novę Hollandię  33
+
+Cerea relicta, _Walk._  93, 94
+  smaragdina, _Walk._  93
+
+Cetacea, _R. Knox_ on the Anatomy and Natural History of the  63
+
+Chrysididę  26, 177
+
+Chrysis insularis, _Sm._  26
+  purpurea, _Sm._  26
+  sumptuosa, _Sm._  27
+
+Chrysopila vacillans, _Walk._  89
+
+Clitellaria bivittata, _Fabr._  80
+
+Cęcila complexa, _Walk._  191
+
+Cęlopa inconspicua, _Walk._  108
+
+Cęnosia luteicornis, _Walk._  108
+
+Coturnix pectoralis, _Gould_  33
+
+Cotuza confirmata, _Walk._  197
+
+Crabro (Rhopalum) agilis, _Sm._  18
+  solitarius, _Sm._  162
+
+Crabronidę  18
+
+Crematogaster elegans, _Sm._  149
+  insularis, _Sm._  149
+  obscura, _Sm._  149
+
+Crocisa nitidula, _Fabr._  134
+
+Cryptoceridę, _Sm._  150
+
+Cryptus scutellatus, _Sm._  170
+
+Culex scutellaris, _Walk._  77
+
+Culicidę, _Haliday_  185
+
+Cyclosia nivipetens, _Walk._  185
+  submaculans, _Walk._  185
+
+
+Dacus expandens, _Walk._  114
+  latifascia, _Walk._  114
+  lativentris, _Walk._  115
+  longivitta, _Walk._  115
+  mutilloides, _Walk._  115
+  obtrudens, _Walk._  116
+  pectoralis, _Walk._  114
+  pompiloides, _Walk._  116
+
+Darabitta, _Walk._  187
+  strigicosta, _Walk._  187
+
+Darantasia, _Walk._  186
+  cuneiplena, _Walk._  186
+
+Daristane, _Walk._  193
+  tibiaria, _Walk._  194
+
+Dasygastrę, _Sm._  6, 134
+
+Dasypogon inopinus, _Walk._  83
+  honestus, _Walk._  83
+
+Dasypogonites, _Walk._  83
+
+Deiopeia detracta, _Walk._  186
+
+Denudata  7
+
+Dexia pectoralis, _Walk._  101
+
+Dexides, _Walk._  101
+
+Diaphorus resumens, _Walk._  93
+
+Diodon  76
+
+Dolichopidę, _Leach_  91
+
+Dolichopus trigonifer, _Walk._  92
+
+Delphinis  63
+
+Drapetodes mitaria, _Guér._  195
+
+Drosophila? finigutta, _Walk._  126
+  ? imperata, _Walk._  126
+  ? melanospila, _Walk._  126
+
+Dryomyza semicyanea, _Walk._  109
+
+
+Ectatomma rugosa, _Sm._  143
+
+Empidę, _Leach_  91, 129
+
+Ennomidę, _Guén._  193
+
+Ephydra? taciturna, _Walk._  127
+
+Ephyra quadristriaria, _Walk._  194
+
+Ephyridę, _Guénée_  194
+
+Erebidę, _Guéneé_  191
+
+Eristalis conductus, _Walk._  95
+  muscoļdes, _Walk._  96
+  resolutus, _Walk._  95, 129
+  splendens, _Leguillon_  95
+  suavissimus, _Walk._  95
+
+Evanidę, _Leach_  169
+
+Eumelea Rosaliata, _Cram._  194
+
+Eumenes architectus, _Sm._  20
+  arcuata, _Fabr._  163
+  circinalis, _Fabr._  20
+  floralis, _Sm._  20
+  fulvipennis, _Sm._  20
+  vindex, _Sm._  20
+
+Eumenidę, _Westw._  19, 163
+
+Eurygaster decipiens, _Walk._  100
+  phasioļdes, _Walk._  100
+  tentans, _Walk._  99
+
+Euschema subrepleta, _Walk._  196
+
+Eusemia maculatrix, _Westw._  183, 196
+  mollis, _Walk._  183, 196
+  subdives, _Walk._  196
+
+
+Foenus gracilis, _Sm._  169
+
+Formica angulata, _Sm._  139
+  cordata, _Sm._  137
+  coxalis, _Sm._  136
+  flavitarsus, _Sm._  136
+  fragilis, _Sm._  136
+  gracilipes, _Sm._  136
+  lęvissima, _Sm._  138
+  mutilata, _Sm._  137
+  nitida, _Sm._  138
+  oculata, _Sm._  137
+  quadriceps, _Sm._  137
+  scrutator, _Sm._  138
+  sericata, _Guér._  139
+  sexspinosa, _Latr._  139
+  virescens, _Fabr._  135
+
+Formicidę  135
+
+
+Gabaza, _Walk._  80
+  argentea, _Walk._  80
+
+Galathea Andrewsii, _Sp. Bate_  3
+  depressa, _Sp. Bate_  3
+  dispersa, _Sp. Bate_  3
+  nexa  3
+  squamifera, _Sp. Bate_  3
+  strigosa  2
+
+Gammarus affinis, _M.-Ed._  3
+  Kröyii, _Rathke_  3
+  Locusta, _Leach_  3
+  Olivii, _M.-Ed._  3
+
+Geomyzides, _Fallen_  126
+
+Geron simplex, _Walk._  90
+
+Gonopteridę, _Guénée_  189
+
+Gorytes constrictus, _Latr._  160
+  vagus, _Sm._  161
+
+Graptomyza tibialis, _Walk._  95
+
+Gynoplistia jurgiosa, _Walk._  78
+
+
+Hęmatophis fuliginosus  33
+
+Halmaturus Billardierii  32
+
+Hedychrum flammulatum, _Sm._  26
+
+Helomyza atripennis, _Walk._  109
+  picipes, _Walk._  109
+  restituta, _Walk._  109
+
+Helomyzides, _Fallen_  108
+
+Helophilus mesoleucus, _Walk._  96
+  quadrivittatus, _Wied._  96
+
+Hiaticula bicincta  33
+
+Hippoboscidę, _Leach_  127
+
+Hybos bicolor, _Walk._  91
+  deficiens, _Walk._  129
+
+Hyblęa tortricoļdes, _Guén._  197
+
+Hyblęidę, _Guéneé_  197
+
+Hydromyzides, _Haliday_  127
+
+Hypena ruralis, _Walk._  192
+
+Hypenidę, _Herr Schęff._  192
+
+Hypernaria diffundens, _Guén._  192
+
+Hypogrammidę, _Guénée_  189
+
+Hypsa egens, _Walk._  185
+  silvandra, _Cram._  185
+
+
+Icaria brunnea, _Sm._  167
+  fasciata, _Sm._  167
+  ferruginea, _Sauss._  22
+  gracilis, _Sm._  167
+  maculiventris, _Sm._  167
+  nigra, _Sm._  16
+  pilosa, _Sm._  22
+  unicolor, _Sm._  168
+
+Ichneumon insularis, _Sm._  170
+
+Ichneumonidę, _Leach_  23, 170
+
+Idia ęqualis, _Walk._  103
+  australis, _Walk._  103
+  testacea, _Macq._  130
+  xanthogaster, _Wied._  130
+
+Ischnogaster iridipennis, _Sm._  166
+
+
+Lamprogaster celyphoļdes, _Walk._  112
+  delectans, _Walk._  111
+  marginifera, _Walk._  111
+  quadrilinea, _Walk._  111
+  scutellaris, _Walk._  112
+  tetyroļdes, _Walk._  112
+  ventralis, _Walk._  131
+
+Laphria aperta, _Walk._  87
+  aurifacies, _Macq._   84
+  comes, _Walk._  85
+  consobrina, _Walk._  84
+  consors, _Walk._  85
+  declarata, _Walk._  87
+  flagrantissima, _Walk._  86
+  germana, _Walk._  86
+  gloriosa, _Walk._  84
+  justa, _Walk._  86
+  manifesta, _Walk._  87
+  paradisiaca, _Walk._  128
+  placens, _Walk._  128
+  scapularis, _Wied._  84
+  socia, _Walk._  84
+  sodalis, _Walk._  85
+
+Laphrites, _Walk._  128
+
+Larinus maculatus, _Falderm._  179
+  mellificus, _Jekel_  181
+
+Larra prismatica, _Sm._  16
+  simillima, _Sm._  159
+
+Larrada ędilis, _Sm._  16
+  aurifrons, _Sm._  16
+  aurulenta, _Sm._  16
+  exilipes, _Sm._  16
+  festinans, _Sm._  17
+  personata, _Sm._  16
+  modesta, _Sm._  159
+  rufipes, _Sm._  17
+
+Larridę  16
+
+Larus pacificus  33
+
+Lauxania duplicans, _Walk._  110
+  minuens, _Walk._  110
+
+Lauxanides, _Walk._  110
+
+Lepidosiren  76
+
+Leptidę, _Westw._  89
+
+Leptis ferruginosa, _Wied._  89
+
+Leptogaster albimanus, _Walk._  89
+  ferrugineus, _Walk._  89
+  longipes, _Walk._  89
+
+Leucanidę, _Guénée_  188
+
+Limacodidę, _Duponchel_  188
+
+Liparidę, _Boisduval_  187, 197
+
+Lissa cylindrica, _Walk._  125
+
+Lithosiidę, _Stephens_  184, 196
+
+Lonchęa inops, _Walk._  110
+
+Lygnioides endoleuca, _Guén._  190, 197
+
+
+Macna pomalis, _Walk._  192
+
+Macroglossa corythus, _Boisd._  196
+  Passalus, _Drury_  196
+
+Macromeris iridipennis, _Sm._  156
+  splendida, _St. Farg._  13
+
+Malopteruris  76
+
+Margarodes amphitritalis, _Guén._  193
+
+Margarodidę, _Guéneé_  193
+
+Masca abactalis, _Walk._  192
+
+Masicera guttata, _Walk._  99
+  notabilis, _Walk._  97
+  simplex, _Walk._  99
+  solennis, _Walk._  98
+  tentata, _Walk._  98
+
+Massicyta cerioļdes, _Walk._  78
+  inflata, _Walk._  78
+
+Megachile fulvifrons, _Sm._  6
+  incisa, _Sm._  6
+  insularis  134
+  lateritia  134
+  scabrosa  134
+  terminalis, _Sm._  7
+
+Megischus indicus, _Westw._  23
+
+Megistocera tuscana, _Wied._  78
+
+Meranoplus spinosus, _Sm._  150
+
+Mesostenus agilis, _Sm._  171
+  albopictus, _Sm._  172
+  albo-spinosus, _Sm._  23
+  pictus, _Sm._  171
+
+Microdon apicalis, _Walk._  94
+  fulvicornis, _Walk._  94
+
+Micronia rectinervata, _Guén._  195
+
+Micronidę, _Guénée_  195
+
+Miresa curvifera, _Walk._  188
+
+Montezumia indica, _Sauss._  19
+
+Morphota formosa, _Sm._  17
+
+Musca benedicta, _Walk._  105
+  domestica, _Linn._  105
+  eristaloļdes, _Walk._  106
+  gloriosa, _Walk._  104
+  macularis, _Walk._  104
+  marginifera, _Walk._  105
+  obscurata, _Walk._  105
+  obtrusa, _Walk._  105, 130
+  opulenta, _Walk._  104
+  patiens, _Walk._  106
+
+Muscidę, _Latr._  97, 129
+
+Muscides, _Walk._  103, 130
+
+Mutilla carinata, _Sm._  150
+  exilis, _Sm._  151
+  manifesta, _Sm._  150
+  nigra, _Sm._  151
+  rufogastra, _Sm._   9
+  sexmaculata, _Swed. N. A. Holm._   9
+  Sibylla, _Sm._   150
+  unifasciata, _Sm._   9
+  volatilis, _Sm._   9
+
+Mutillidę, _Leach_    9, 150
+
+Mycetophilidę, _Haliday_   77
+
+Mygnimia aspasia, _Sm._   157
+  fumipennis, _Sm._   13
+  iridipennis, _Sm._   13
+
+Myrmica carinata, _Sm._   148
+  mellea, _Sm._   148
+  parallela, _Sm._   147
+  scabrosa, _Sm._   147
+  suspiciosa, _Sm._   148
+  thoracica, _Sm._    148
+
+Mysticetus   70
+
+Mythymna inducens, _Walk._   188
+
+Myzine tenuicornis, _Sm._   151
+
+
+Nautilus pompilius, _T. H. Huxley_ on the anatomy of   36
+
+Nerius duplicatus, _Wied._   125
+
+Nerua, _Walk._   81
+  scenopinoļdes, _Walk._   8
+
+Neurina procopialis, _Cram._   193
+
+Nomia cincta, _Sm._   132
+  dentata, _Sm._   133
+  flavipes, _Sm._   5
+  formosa, _Sm._    5
+  haliotoļdes, _Sm._   6
+  longicornis, _Sm._   133
+  punctata, _Sm._   5
+
+Notodontidę, _Stephens_   187
+
+Nyctalemon Hector, _White_   183
+
+Nyctemera mundipicta, _Walk._   184
+  tripunctaria, _Linn._   196
+
+
+Obrapa, _Walk._   82
+  celyphoļdes, _Walk._   83
+  perilampoļdes, _Walk._   82
+
+Odontomachus malignus, _Sm._   144
+  simillimus, _Sm._   144
+  tyrannicus, _Sm._   144
+
+Odynerus agilis, _Sm._   164
+  (Ancistrocerus) clavicornis, _Sm._   21
+  fulvipennis, _Sm._   22
+  (Leionotus) insularis, _Sm._   21
+  modestus, _Sm._   165
+  multipictus, _Sm._   165
+  petiolatus, _Sm._   164
+
+Ommatius lucifer, _Walk._   88
+  noctifer, _Walk._   88, 129
+  retrahens, _Walk._   88
+
+Ommatophoridę, _Guénée_   191
+
+Ophideres discrepans, _Walk._   190
+  Salaminia, _Cram._   190
+  smaragdipicta, _Walk._   190
+
+Ophideridę, _Guénée_   190
+
+Ophisma Umminia, _Cram._   191
+
+Ophiusa fulvotęnia, _Guén._   197
+
+Ophiusidę, _Guénée_   191, 197
+
+Ornithomyia parva, _Macq._   127
+
+Ortalides, _Haliday_   111-131
+
+Ortalis prompta, _Walk._   118
+  complens, _Walk._   118
+
+Orthoneura basalis, _Walk._   97
+
+Orthosidę, _Guénée_   197
+
+Oscinides, _Haliday_    125
+
+Oscinis lineiplena, _Walk._   125
+  noctilux, _Walk._   126
+
+Oxybelus agilis, _Sm._   18
+
+Oxyssus maculipennis, _Sm._   177
+
+
+Pachymenes viridis, _Sm._   163
+
+Pallura, _Walk._   127
+  invaria, _Walk._   127
+
+Palyadę, _Guénée_   194
+
+Pantana bicolor, _Walk._   187, 197
+
+Patula macrops, _Linn._   191
+
+Pelopęus bengalensis, _Dahlb._   14
+  flavo-fasciatus, _Sm._   15
+  intrudens, _Sm._   15
+  laboriosus, _Sm._   154
+  madraspatanus, _Fabr._   14
+
+Phaps elegans   33
+
+Phoridę, _Haliday_   127
+
+Phyllodidę, _Guénée_   190, 197
+
+Pidorus constrictus, _Walk._  185
+
+Pimpla braconoļdes, _Sm._  172
+  ferruginea, _Sm._  173
+  ochracea, _Sm._  172
+  penetrans, _Sm._  173
+  plagiata, _Sm._  173
+  trimaculata, _Sm._  24
+
+Pinnotheridę, _M. Ed._  27
+
+Pison nitidus, _Sm._  160
+
+Platydidę, _Guénée_  192
+
+Platystoma fusifacies, _Walk._  113
+  multivitta, _Walk._  113
+
+Plecia dorsalis, _Walk._  77
+
+Podomyrma, _Sm._  145
+  basalis, _Sm._  147
+  lęvifrons, _Sm._  146
+  femorata, _Sm._  145
+  striata  146
+
+Polistes diabolicus, _Sauss._  168
+  elegans, _Sm._  169
+  fastidiosus, _Sauss._  22
+  nigrifrons, _Sm._  168
+  philippinensis, _Sauss._  22
+  Picteti, _Sauss._  22
+  sagittarius, _Sauss._  22
+  stigma, _Sauss._  22
+  tepidus, _Fabr._  168
+
+Polyara, _Walk._  122
+  insolita, _Walk._  123
+
+Polypterus  76
+
+Polyrhachis bellicosus, _Sm._  142
+  geometricus, _Sm._  141
+  Hector, _Sm._  142
+  irritabilis, _Sm._  141
+  lęvissimus, _Sm._  141
+  longipes, _Sm._  140
+  marginatus, _Sm._  139
+  mucronatus, _Sm._  140
+  hostilis, _Sm._  139
+  rufofemoratus, _Sm._  142
+  scutulatus, _Sm._  140
+  serratus, _Sm._  140
+
+Pompilidę, _Leach_  11
+
+Pompilus analis, _Fabr._  11
+  contortus, _Sm._  12
+  deceptor, _Sm._  12
+  dubius, _Sm._  153
+  pilifrons, _Sm._  12
+  saltitans, _Sm._  11
+
+Ponera parallela, _Sm._  143
+  quadridentata, _Sm._  143
+  rugosa, _Sm._  142
+  sculpturata, _Sm._  142
+
+Priocnemis fervidus, _Sm._  156
+  pulcherrimus, _Sm._  156
+  rufifrons, _Sm._  120
+
+Prosena argentata, _Walk._  102
+
+Prosopis malachisis, _Sm._  132
+
+Pseudomyrma lęviceps, _Sm._  145
+
+Psilides, _Walk._  125
+
+Psilopus ęneus, _Fabr._  91
+  benedictus, _Walk._  91
+  egens, _Walk._  92
+  lucigena, _Walk._  91
+  orcifer, _Walk._  92
+  planicornis, _Wied._  92
+  terminifer, _Walk._  92
+
+Ptilocera quadridentata, _Walk._  78
+
+Puffinus brevicaudus, _Brandt_  33
+
+
+Rhynchium argentatum, _Sauss._  19
+  atrum, _Sauss._  19
+  hęmorrhoidale, _Sauss._  19
+  mirabile, _Sauss._  163
+  parentissimum, _Sauss._  19
+  superbum, _Sauss._  163
+
+Rhyssa maculipennis, _Sm._  173
+  vestigator, _Sm._  174
+
+Rutilia angustipennis, _Walk._  101
+  plumicornis, _Guérin_  101
+
+
+Salduba, _Walk._  79
+  diphysoļdes, _Walk._  79
+
+Salius malignus, _Sm._  157
+
+Sarcophaga basalis, _Walk._  129
+  compta, _Walk._  102
+  invaria, _Walk._  103
+
+Sarcophagides, _Walk._  102
+
+Sargus complens, _Walk._  81
+  metallinus, _Fabr._  80
+  vagans, _Walk._  11
+
+Saropoda bombiformis, _Sm._  135
+
+Saturniidę, _Walk._  188
+
+Sciara selecta, _Walk._  77
+
+Scolia agilis, _Sm._  10
+  Alecto, _Sm._  10
+  aurenta, _Sm._  9
+  erratica, _Sm._  9
+  fulgidipennis, _Sm._  152
+  fulvipennis, _Sm._  10
+  grossa, _Burm._  152
+  insularis, _Sm._  153
+  minuta, _Sm._  11
+  nitida, _Sm._  152
+  quadriceps, _Sm._  153
+  terminata, _Sm._  10
+
+Scoliadę, _Leach_  151
+
+Scopulipedes, _Sm._  8
+
+Sepedon costalis, _Walk._  110
+
+Sepsides, _Walk._  123
+
+Sepsis basifera, _Walk._  124
+
+Setina bipunctata, _Walk._  185
+
+Siluridę  76
+
+Solenopsis cephalotes, _Sm._  149
+
+Sphegidę  14
+
+Spheniscus minor, _Temminck_  33
+
+Sphex argentata, _Dahl._  157
+  aurifrons, _Sm._  157
+  gratiosa, _Sm._  158
+  nitidiventris, _Sm._  158
+  prędator, _Sm._  14
+  sepicola, _Sm._  158
+  sericea, _Fabr._  157
+
+Sphingidę, _Leach_  196
+
+Stalagmia guttaria, _Guérin_  196
+
+Steiria phryganeoļdes, _Walk._   190
+
+Stelis abdominalis, _Sm._  7
+
+Stenophasmus, _Sm._  169
+  ruficeps, _Sm._  170
+
+Stilbum amethystinum, _Fabr._  177
+  splendidum, _Fabr._  177
+
+Stratiomidę, _Haliday_  78
+
+Stratiomys confertissima, _Walk._  79
+  nexura, _Walk._  80
+
+Sulu australis, _Gould_  33
+
+Synegia botydaria, _Guénée_  195
+
+Syntomis annosa, _Walk._  183
+  chloroleuca, _Walk._  183
+  xanthomela, _Walk._  184
+
+Sypna subsignata, _Walk._  191
+
+Syrphidę, _Leach_  93, 129
+
+Syrphus ęgrotus, _Fabr._  99
+  ericetorum, _Fabr._  99
+
+
+Tabanidę, _Leach_  83
+
+Tabanus recusans, _Walk._  83
+
+Tachinides, _Walk._  97
+
+Tachytes morosus, _Sm._  18
+
+Tenthredinidę  23, 177
+
+Tenthredo (Allantus) purpurata, _Sm._  23
+
+Thalatta aurigutta, _Walk._  189
+
+Thereva congrua, _Walk._  90
+
+Therevites, _Walk._  90
+
+Thermesia? recusata, _Walk._  191
+
+Thermesidę, _Guénée_  191, 197
+
+Timandra Ajaia, _Walk._  195
+
+Tipulidę  78
+
+_Tréhala_  178
+
+Tremex insignis, _Sm._  178
+
+Trigona lęviceps, _Sm._  135
+
+Trupanea contradicens, _Walk._  87
+
+Trypeta basalis, _Walk._  120
+  dorsigutta, _Walk._  119
+  impleta, _Walk._  120
+  multistriga, _Walk._  119
+  roripennis, _Walk._  131
+  subocellifera, _Walk._  120
+
+Trypoxylon eximium, _Sm._  161
+
+
+Vespa affinis, _Fabr._  23
+  fervida, _Sm._  23
+
+Vespidę, _Stephens_  19, 166
+
+
+Ugia disjungens, _Walk._  192
+
+Uraniidę, _Walk._  183
+
+Urothoe elegans  3
+  inostratus, _Dana_  3
+
+
+Worm-tracks, notice of in London Clay  31
+
+
+Xarnuta leucotelus, _Walk._  108
+
+Xema Jamesonii  33
+
+Xylocopa ęstuans, _Linn._  8, 135
+  collaris, _St. Farg._  8
+  Dejeanii, _St. Farg._  8
+  fenestrata, _Fabr._  8
+  nobilis, _Sm._  8
+
+Xylota ventralis, _Walk._  96
+
+Xyphidria rufipes, _Sm._  177
+
+
+Zanclopteryx saponaria, _H. Schęff._  195, 198
+
+Zerenidę  196
+
+Zethus cyanopterus, _Sauss._  19
+
+Zygęnidę, _Leach_  183
+
+
+
+THE END
+
+
+Printed by TAYLOR and FRANCIS, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street.
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Notes:
+
+1. Chrysophila changed to Chrysopila in the index to match the text
+referred to.
+2. Stenophasimis changed to Stenophasmus in the index to match the text
+refered to.
+3. A number of words occur throughout the book in accented and
+non-accented forms. These were left as in the original text.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Journal of the Proceedings of the
+Linnean Society - Vol. 3, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LINNEAN SOCIETY ***
+
+***** This file should be named 20750-8.txt or 20750-8.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean
+Society - Vol. 3, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3
+       Zoology
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: March 6, 2007 [EBook #20750]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LINNEAN SOCIETY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
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+(http://posner.library.cmu.edu/Posner/))
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1 class="small">
+JOURNAL</h1>
+
+<h1 class="tiny">OF</h1>
+
+<h1 class="medium">THE PROCEEDINGS</h1>
+
+<h1 class="tiny">OF</h1>
+
+<h1>THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.</h1>
+
+
+<h3>ZOOLOGY.</h3>
+
+
+<h3>VOL. III.</h3>
+
+<hr class="major"/>
+
+<h4>LONDON:<br />
+LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, LONGMANS &amp; ROBERTS,<br />
+AND<br />
+WILLIAMS AND NORGATE.<br />
+1859.</h4>
+
+<hr class="major"/>
+
+
+<p class="center">PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,<br />
+RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.</p>
+
+
+<hr class="major"/>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="List of Papers">
+<tr><td align='center' colspan="2">LIST OF PAPERS.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td>                <td align='left'>Page</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Baikie</span>, Dr.</td>     <td></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Extract of a Letter from Dr. Baikie to Sir John Richardson,
+M.D., C.B., F.R. &amp; L.S., dated 29th October, 1857, Rabba,
+on the Qworra</td>                   <td align='right'><a href="#Extract_of_a_Letter_from_Dr_Baikie_to_Sir_John_Richardson_MD_CB">76</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Bate, C. Spence</span>, Esq., F.L.S.</td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>On the Importance of an Examination of the Structure of the
+Integument of Crustacea in the determination of doubtful
+Species.&mdash;Application to the genus <i>Galathea</i>, with the
+Description of a New Species of that Genus</td>                    <td align='right'><a href="#On_the_Importance">1</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Bell, Thomas</span>, Esq., P.L.S.</td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Description of a new Genus of Crustacea, of the Family
+Pinnotherid&aelig;; in which the fifth pair of legs are reduced to an
+almost imperceptible rudiment</td>               <td align='right'><a href="#Description_of_a_new_Genus_of_Crustacea_of_the_Family_Pinnotheridae_in">27</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Darwin, Charles</span>, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., &amp; F.G.S., and
+<span class="smcap">Wallace, Alfred</span> R., Esq.</td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the
+Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of
+Selection</td>                  <td align='right'><a href="#On_the_Tendency_of_Species_to_form_Varieties_and_on_the_Perpetuation_of">45</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Hanbury, Daniel</span>, Esq., F.L.S.</td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Note on Two Insect-products from Persia</td>            <td align='right'><a href="#Note_on_Two_Insect-products_from_Persia_By_Daniel_Hanbury_Esq_FLS">178</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Higgins</span>, Rev. <span class="smcap">Henry</span>.</td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Death of the Common Hive Bee; supposed to be occasioned by
+a parasitic Fungus</td>          <td align='right'><a href="#Death_of_the_Common_Hive_Bee_supposed_to_be_occasioned_by_a_parasitic">29</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Huxley</span>, T. H., Esq., F.R.S., Professor of Natural
+History, Government School of Mines.</td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[Pg iv]</a></span>On some points in the Anatomy of <i>Nautilus Pompilius</i></td>  <td align='right'><a href="#On_some_points_in_the_Anatomy_of_Nautilus_pompilius_By_T_H_Huxley">36</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Knox</span>, R., Esq., M.D., F.R.S.E.</td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Contributions to the Anatomy and Natural History of the Cetacea.</td>         <td align='right'><a href="#Contributions_to_the_Anatomy_and_Natural_History_of_the_Cetacea_By_R">63</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Smith, Frederick</span>, Esq., Assistant in the Zoological
+Department in the British Museum.</td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects collected at Celebes by
+Mr. A. R. Wallace</td>                 <td align='right'><a href="#Catalogue_of_Hymenopterous_Insects_collected_at_Celebes_by_Mr_A_R">4</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects collected by Mr. A. R.
+Wallace at the Islands of Aru and Key</td>            <td align='right'><a href="#Catalogue_of_Hymenopterous_Insects_collected_by_Mr_A_R_Wallace_at_the">132</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Walker, Francis</span>, Esq., F.L.S.</td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected in the Aru Islands
+by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species</td>         <td align='right'><a href="#Catalogue_of_the_Dipterous_Insects_collected_in_the_Aru_Islands_by_Mr">77</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Catalogue of the Heterocerous Lepidoptera collected at Singapore
+by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species</td>        <td align='right'><a href="#Catalogue_of_the_Heterocerous_Lepidoptera_collected_at_Singapore_by_Mr">183</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>Catalogue of the Heterocerous Lepidopterous Insects collected
+at Malacca by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New
+Species</td>          <td align='right'><a href="#Catalogue_of_the_Heterocerous_Lepidopterous_Insects_collected_at_Malacca">196</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Wallace, Alfred</span> R., Esq., and <span class="smcap">Darwin, Charles</span>
+Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., &amp; F.G.S.</td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the
+Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of
+Selection</td>         <td align='right'><a href="#On_the_Tendency_of_Species_to_form_Varieties_and_on_the_Perpetuation_of">45</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Washington</span>, Captain.</td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Natural-History Extracts from the Journal of Captain Denham,
+H.M. Surveying Vessel 'Herald,' 1857</td>          <td align='right'><a href="#Natural_History_Extracts_from_the_Journal_of_Captain_Denham_HM">32</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Wetherell, John</span> W., Esq.</td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Notice of the occurrence of recent Worm Tracks in the Upper
+Part of the London Clay Formation near Highgate</td>           <td align='right'><a href="#Notice_of_the_occurrence_of_recent_Worm_Tracks_in_the_Upper_Part_of_the">31</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Index</span></td>           <td align='right'><a href="#INDEX">199</a></td></tr>
+
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h2>JOURNAL OF THE PROCEEDINGS</h2>
+
+<h5>OF THE</h5>
+
+<h2>LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.</h2>
+<hr />
+<p class="intro"><a name="On_the_Importance" id="On_the_Importance"></a>On the Importance of an Examination of the Structure of the Integument
+of Crustacea in the determination of doubtful Species.&mdash;Application to
+the genus <i>Galathea</i>, with the Description of a New Species of that
+Genus. By <span class="smcap">Spence Bate</span>, Esq., F.L.S.</p>
+
+<p class="read">[Read January 21, 1858.]</p>
+
+
+<p class="first">Of the various genera of Decapod Crustacea none are more interesting, or
+more difficult of description, than those which constitute the family
+Galathead&aelig;.</p>
+
+<p>The interest attaching to these forms arises from the intermediate
+position which they occupy in the natural arrangement of the class,
+their structure placing them between the Macrura and Brachyura; in
+accordance with which we find that, whilst Professor M.-Edwards classes
+them among the Macrura, Professor Bell, in his work on the British
+Crustacea, places them (more correctly, as we think) in the intermediate
+group of Anomura.</p>
+
+<p>This opinion is fully borne out both in the development of the animals
+and in their structure in the adult state.</p>
+
+<p>The early form of the larva bears, anteriorly, a resemblance to the
+Brachyural type, whilst the caudal appendages assimilate to those of the
+Macrura. The same conditions obtain in the young of Anomura. At the time
+of birth, the larva, like that of the Brachyura, has only the two
+gnathopoda developed, whilst the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span> termination of the tail is like that
+of a fish, as in the Macrura. In the adult, the internal antenn&aelig; possess
+short flagella and complementary appendages, such as exist in the order
+Brachyura, whilst the external antenn&aelig; have the long and slender
+flagella proper to the Macrura. The <i>scale</i>, however, commonly appended
+to the external antenn&aelig; in the latter order is wanting, a circumstance
+which exhibits a relation to the Brachyura.</p>
+
+<p>An examination of the legs shows that the cox&aelig; are fused with the
+thorax, as in the Brachyura, and not articulated with it as in the
+Macrura, whilst, on the other hand, the posterior division and caudal
+termination approach the Macrural type more nearly than that of the
+Brachyura, the animal thus assuming a character intermediate between the
+two orders.</p>
+
+<p>But in the description of the several species of the genus <i>Galathea</i>, a
+peculiar difficulty appears to arise, originating in the affinity which
+they bear to each other. So close, in fact, is the approximation, that
+the descriptions of the best writers will scarcely avail for the
+distinction of the individual species without the assistance of figures.
+This arises from the fact that the general characters, upon which the
+descriptions are based, vary, in this genus, only in their comparative
+degrees of development.</p>
+
+<p>In the three species recognized in Professor Bell's work on the British
+Crustacea, it will be found that each species retains the same
+characters in greater or less degree.</p>
+
+<p><i>Galathea strigosa</i> is peculiar for the spinous character of the
+carapace and cheliform legs. Every spine, however, is repeated in both
+the other species, only less developed. We find the rostrum furnished
+with four lateral teeth on each side, a character which also exists in
+each of the other species; and although close observation may detect a
+slightly different arrangement in the relative position of these teeth,
+the differences are not of sufficient importance to enable a naturalist
+thence to derive a specific distinction, unless the peculiarity is
+seconded by some more unqualified character less liable to be affected
+by any peculiarity of condition.</p>
+
+<p>In order to arrive at more certain results in the identification of
+species, we think that the microscopic examination of the surface of the
+integument will be found peculiarly useful.</p>
+
+<p>This mode of examination of species may also be applied to a
+considerable extent throughout the Crustacea generally with great
+advantage; and if found valuable in recent, there can be no doubt that
+it will prove of far greater importance in extinct forms, where<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span> parts
+on which the identification of species visually rests are lost, and
+fragments only of the animal obtainable.</p>
+
+<p>It should be borne in mind that, as the structure in question undergoes
+modifications more or less considerable in different parts of the
+animal, it will always be advisable to compare the corresponding parts
+with each other.</p>
+
+<p>Applying this test to the known species of <i>Galathea,</i> we perceive that
+the structure of the integument upon the arms, independent of the
+marginal spines, exhibits a squamiform appearance, but that the scales,
+which characterise the structure, possess features peculiar to each
+species.</p>
+
+<p>In <i>Galathea strigosa</i> the scales are convex, distant from each other,
+smooth at the edge, and fringed with long hairs. In <i>G. squamifera</i> they
+are convex, closely placed, scalloped at the edge, and without hairs. In
+<i>G. nexa</i> the scales are obsolete, tufts of hair representing the
+supposed edges. In <i>G. depressa</i>, n. sp., the scales are broad, less
+convex than in <i>G. strigosa</i> and <i>G. squamifera</i>, smooth, closely set,
+and fringed with short hairs. In <i>G. Andrewsii</i> they are small, distant,
+very convex, tipped with red, and slightly furnished with hair.</p>
+
+<p>As another instance of the practical application of the microscopical
+examination of the surface, I would refer to two species of Amphipoda,
+classed by Leach under the name of <i>Gammarus Locusta</i>, from his
+inability to assign them any separate specific characters. In the
+structure of their integuments, however, these two forms will be found
+to exhibit widely different microscopical appearances.</p>
+
+<p>Again, there exists in the same group three or four species, the
+description of any one of which would apply to either of the others; and
+it is probable they would never have been ranked as separate species had
+not their habitats been geographically distant. Thus <i>Gammarus Olivii</i>,
+M.-Ed., <i>G. affinis</i>, M.-E., <i>G. Kr&ouml;yii</i>, Rathke, and <i>G. gracilis</i>, R.,
+can only be specifically determined by a microscopic examination of the
+integument.</p>
+
+<p>The same may be said of other Amphipoda, such as <i>Urothoe inostratus</i>,
+Dana, from South America, which so nearly resembles in form the <i>U.
+elegans</i> of the British shores.</p>
+
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Galathea dispersa</span>, mihi.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p><i>G.</i> rostro brevi, dentibus 4 utrinque ornato, 2 anterioribus
+minoribus; pedibus anterioribus elongatis, sparse spiosus; chelarum
+digitis parallelis.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Galathea with short rostrum, armed on each side with 4 teeth, the
+two posterior being less important than the two anterior. The
+fingers of the chel&aelig; impinge through their whole length; outer
+margin of the hand furnished with 3 or 4 small spines.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Trawling-ground, Plymouth, common; Moray Frith, Scotland. </p>
+</div>
+
+<p>This species unites <i>G. Andrewsii</i> with <i>G. nexa</i>, and, I think, has
+often been mistaken for the young of the latter; but <i>G. nexa</i>, so far
+as my experience goes, is a species peculiar to the north of England,
+whereas <i>G. dispersa</i>, I anticipate, will be found to be the most
+universally dispersed, in deep water, of any of the species known. It
+can always be detected from <i>G. nexa</i> by the form of the hand and the
+manner in which the fingers impinge: in <i>G. nexa</i> the hand is broad
+towards the extremity, and the fingers meet only at the apex; in <i>G.
+dispersa</i> the hand gradually narrows to the apex, and the fingers meet
+each other through their whole length, the inner margin of the finger
+being finely serrated, the thumb not.</p>
+
+<p>It also may be distinguished from <i>G. Andrewsii</i> by the breadth of the
+hands, which are narrow and round in <i>G. Andrewsii</i>, and moderately
+broad and flat in <i>G. dispersa</i>.</p>
+
+<p>By an examination of the texture of the integument under a magnifying
+power of low degree, the surface of <i>G. dispersa</i> will be seen
+distinctly to differ from that of any of the others; it is covered with
+flat scales, fringed with short cilia. The length of the animal,
+including the arms, is about 2&frac14; inches.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<p class="intro"><a name="Catalogue_of_Hymenopterous_Insects_collected_at_Celebes_by_Mr_A_R" id="Catalogue_of_Hymenopterous_Insects_collected_at_Celebes_by_Mr_A_R"></a>Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects collected at Celebes by Mr. <span class="smcap">A. R.
+Wallace</span>. By <span class="smcap">Frederick Smith</span>, Esq., Assistant in the Zoological
+Department, British Museum. Communicated by W. W. <span class="smcap">Saunders</span>, Esq.,
+F.R.S., F.L.S.</p>
+
+<p class="read">[Read April 15th, 1858.]</p>
+
+
+<p class="first">This collection of the Hymenoptera of Celebes is specially interesting,
+as adding greatly to our knowledge of the geographical range of many
+well-known species, while the additions made to the Fossorial group
+contain many of great beauty and rarity. A new species belonging to the
+tribe of Solitary Wasps, <i>Odynerus clavicornis</i>, is perhaps the most
+interesting insect in the collection; this Wasp has clavate antenn&aelig;, the
+flagellum being broadly dilated towards the apex, convex above and
+concave beneath. I am not acquainted with any other insect belonging to
+the Vespidious group which exhibits such an anomaly.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. ANDRENID&AElig;, <i>Leach.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Sphecodes</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Sphecodes insularis.</span> <i>S.</i> niger, abdominis segmentis primo secundo et
+tertio (basi) rubris; alis hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 3&frac12; lines. Head and thorax black, closely and strongly
+punctured; the face below the antenn&aelig; with silvery-white pubescence; the
+joints of the flagellum submoniliform; the mandibles ferruginous.
+Thorax: the tegul&aelig; pale rufo-testaceous, wings hyaline, the nervures
+ferruginous; the metathorax coarsely rugose; the articulations of the
+legs and the tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen: the first, second, and base of
+the third segments red, the apical ones black, very finely and closely
+punctured, with the apical margins of the segments smooth and shining; a
+black spot in the middle of the basal segment.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Nomia</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Nomia punctata.</span> <i>N.</i> nigra nitida punctata, alis nigro-fuscis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 4&frac12; lines. Shining black: head and thorax coarsely
+punctured, the metathorax ruggedly sculptured, truncate at the apex, the
+truncation and sides smooth with a few fine punctures; the abdomen
+closely and rather finely punctured, the apical margins of the segments
+smooth and shining. The tips of the mandibles, the tarsi and apex of the
+abdomen rufo-testaceous, the wings fuscous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Nomia flavipes.</span> <i>N.</i> nigra pedibus flavis, abdomine cinereo fasciato,
+alis hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 3&frac14; lines. Black; the face and cheeks densely clothed
+with short cinereous pubescence, the vertex thinly so; the margins of
+the prothorax, mesothorax and scutellum with a line of pale ochraceous
+pubescence, the disk of the thorax thinly covered with short pubescence
+of the same colour, the emargination of the metathorax as well as its
+sides with longer pubescence of the same colour; the base of the abdomen
+and basal margin of the second and following segments covered with short
+cinereous pubescence. The flagellum beneath fulvous; the mandibles
+ferruginous. The legs reddish-yellow, with the cox&aelig; and base of the
+femora black; the wings hyaline; the tegul&aelig; yellow, the nervures pale
+testaceous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Nomia formosa.</span> <i>N.</i> capite thoraceque nigris; abdomine chalybeo;
+marginibus apicalibus segmentorum c&aelig;ruleo fasciatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5&frac12; lines. Head and thorax black and very closely
+punctured; the face covered with griseous pubescence; the clypeus with a
+central longitudinal carina. Thorax: the apical margin of the prothorax,
+the margins of the scutellum, and the sides of the metathorax<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> covered
+with a dense short ochraceous pubescence; the disk of the thorax thinly
+sprinkled with short black hairs; the posterior tibi&aelig; obscurely
+ferruginous; the tarsi ferruginous; the legs covered with bright
+golden-yellow pubescence; wings subhyaline, the nervures ferruginous;
+the tegul&aelig; yellow with a fuscous stain in the middle. Abdomen obscurely
+chalybeous, closely punctured, the two basal segments strongly so; the
+apical margins of the segments with smooth shining narrow blue fasci&aelig;.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Closely resembling the female, but with the legs black; the
+posterior femora incrassate, the tibi&aelig; narrow at their base and broadly
+dilated at their apex, which, as well as the calcaria, are pale
+testaceous.</p>
+
+<p>This species closely resembles a species from North China, <i>N.
+chalybeata</i>, Westw. MS., from which it is readily distinguished by the
+form of the fourth ventral segment, which is notched in the middle,
+rounded, and then emarginate with the lateral angles rounded; in the
+species from China the margin is arched, and fringed with fulvous
+pubescence.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Nomia haliotoides.</span> <i>N.</i> nigra, pube cinerea tecta, abdominis
+segmentis intermediis pube alba fasciatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 4&frac12; lines. Black; head and thorax opake, and thinly
+clothed with cinereous pubescence, that on the disk of the thorax and
+margin of the scutellum slightly ochraceous. The flagellum fulvous
+beneath, the mandibles ferruginous at their apex; the tarsi ferruginous,
+wings hyaline, nervures fuscous, stigma testaceous. Abdomen shining,
+delicately punctured; the basal margins of the second, third, and fourth
+segments with a band of cinereous pubescence, attenuated in the middle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. DASYGASTR&AElig;.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Megachile incisa.</span> <i>M.</i> nigra, rude et dense punctata, facie fulvo
+pubescente; alis fuscis, segmentis abdominis marginibus multo depressis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 5&frac12; lines. Black; closely and strongly punctured, the
+punctures confluent on the abdomen. The face clothed with fulvous
+pubescence. The tarsi obscurely rufo-piceous, the claws ferruginous;
+wings dark fuscous, their base hyaline. Abdomen: the apical margins of
+the segments smooth, impunctate, their basal margins very deeply
+depressed; a deep fovea at the tip of the apical segment; the head,
+thorax, and abdomen clothed beneath with short cinereous pubescence.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Megachile fulvifrons.</span> <i>M.</i> nigra, delicatule punctata; facie dense
+fulvo pubescente; thoracis lateribus abdomineque subtus fulvo
+pubescentibus; fasciis marginalibus abdominis fulvis.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 7 lines. Black; head and thorax closely punctured, the
+abdomen delicately so and shining; the mandibles stout, with two acute
+teeth at their apex, shining and covered with oblong punctures; the
+face, sides of the thorax, and abdomen beneath, densely clothed with
+fulvous pubescence; the apical margins of the segments of the abdomen
+above with narrow fasci&aelig; of short fulvous pubescence; the abdomen in
+certain lights has a metallic tinge.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>male</i> is similarly clothed to the female, the margins of the
+segments are deeply depressed, and that of the apical segment slightly
+notched in the middle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Megachile terminalis.</span> <i>M.</i> nigra, capite thoraceque dense punctatis;
+abdomine pube nigra vestito; segmentis duobus apicalibus pube alba
+vestitis; alis fuscis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 9 lines. Black; the face with tufts of black pubescence
+above the insertion of the antenn&aelig;; mandibles very stout, with an acute
+tooth at their apex, the inner margin subdentate, and covered with fine
+cinereous pubescence. Thorax with black pubescence at the sides of the
+metathorax; the wings dark fuscous. Abdomen clothed with black
+pubescence; the fifth and sixth segments clothed with ochraceous
+pubescence above, that on the sixth nearly white.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>This species resembles the <i>M. ornata</i>; but when viewed beneath, the
+different colour of the pollen-brush at once separates them.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Ceratina</span>, <i>Spin.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Ceratina viridis, <i>Gu&eacute;r. Icon. Reg. Ann.</i> 444. t. 73. f. 6.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India (Bengal, N. India), Ceylon, Celebes, China.</p>
+
+<p>2. Ceratina hieroglyphica, <i>Smith</i>, <i>Cat. Hym. Ins.</i> ii. 226.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Northern India, Celebes, Philippine Islands, Hong Kong.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. DENUDAT&AElig;.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Stelis abdominalis.</span> <i>S.</i> dense punctata, capite thoraceque nigris,
+abdomine ferrugineo; alis nigro-fuscis violaceo iridescentibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 5 lines. Head and thorax black, abdomen ferruginous; head
+and thorax strongly punctured, the scutellum very strongly so; the sides
+of the face and the anterior margin of the face fringed with white
+pubescence. The posterior margin of the scutellum rounded; wings dark
+brown with a violet iridescence. Abdomen ferruginous and closely
+punctured.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">C&oelig;lioxys fulvifrons.</span> <i>C.</i> nigra, rude punctata, facie pube fulva
+vestita; alis fuscis cupreo iridescentibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 6 lines. Black; the head and thorax with large confluent<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span>
+punctures; the face clothed with fulvous pubescence. Thorax: a stout
+tooth on each side of the scutellum at its base; wings dark brown with a
+coppery effulgence, subhyaline at their base; beneath clothed with short
+cinereous pubescence. Abdomen: elongate, conical; closely punctured,
+with the apical and basal margins of the segments smooth; the apical
+segment with a tooth on each side at its base and four at its apex;
+beneath the margins of the segments fringed with pale pubescence; the
+apical margin of the fourth segment notched in the middle; the fifth
+entirely clothed with pale pubescence.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. SCOPULIPEDES.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Anthophora</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Anthophora zonata, <i>Linn. Syst. Nat.</i> i. 955. 19.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, Ceylon, Malacca, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippine Islands, Hong
+Kong, Shanghai, Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Xylocopa</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Xylocopa fenestrata, <i>Fabr. Syst. Piez.</i> p. 339. 6. <ins class="correction" title="Symbol: male">&#9794;</ins>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>2. Xylocopa &aelig;stuans, <i>Linn. Syst. Nat.</i> 961. 53.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, Java, Singapore, Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>3. Xylocopa Dejeanii, <i>St. Farg. Hym.</i> ii. 209. 59.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Java, Borneo, Sumatra, Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>4. Xylocopa collaris, <i>St. Farg. Hym.</i> ii. 189. 26.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, Sumatra, Malacca, Borneo, Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>5. <span class="smcap">Xylocopa nobilis.</span> <i>X.</i> nigra, pube nigra induta; abdominis basi pube
+flava, apice lateritio.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 11 lines. Black; a narrow line of pale fulvous
+pubescence on the margin of the thorax in front, a patch of the same
+colour on each side of the metathorax, and the basal segment of the
+abdomen covered above with similar pubescence; the apical margin of the
+third and fourth segments, and the fifth and six entirely, covered with
+bright brick-red pubescence; the wings black, with coppery iridescence.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. SOCIALES.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Apis zonata.</span> <i>A.</i> nigra, thoracis lateribus dense ochraceo
+pubescentibus; alis fumatis; abdomine nitido, segmentis secundo tertio
+quartoque basi niveo pubescentibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 8&mdash;8&frac12; lines. Black; the head and thorax opake, the
+abdomen shining; the clypeus smooth and shining, the flagellum
+rufo-piceous beneath; the anterior margin of the labrum narrowly,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> and
+the apex of the mandibles, ferruginous; the face with a little fine
+short cinereous pubescence above the insertion of the antenn&aelig;; the
+vertex with long black pubescence; the eyes covered with short black
+pubescence. Thorax: the sides with ochraceous pubescence; wings smoky,
+the superior pair darkest at their anterior margin beyond the stigma.
+Abdomen: a snow-white band at the basal margin of the second, third, and
+fourth segments, the bands continued beneath, but narrower.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes, Philippine Islands.</p>
+
+<p>Specimens of this species denuded of their white bands would approach
+the <i>A. unicolor</i> of Latreille; but that insect is described as having
+the anterior wings black; in the present species both pairs are of the
+same smoky colour, not approaching black.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. MUTILLID&AElig;.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Mutilla</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Mutilla sexmaculata, <i>Swed. Nov. Act. Holm.</i> viii. 286. 44. <ins class="correction" title="Symbol: female">&#9792;</ins>. Mutilla fuscipennis, <i>Fabr. Syst. Piez.</i> 436. 35. <ins class="correction" title="Symbol: male">&#9794;</ins>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India (Punjaub, &amp;c.), China, Java, Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>2. Mutilla unifasciata, <i>Smith</i>, <i>Cat. Hym.</i> pt. iii. p. 38.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>3. Mutilla rufogastra, <i>St. Farg. Hym.</i> iii. 629. 51. <ins class="correction" title="Symbol: male">&#9794;</ins>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Mutilla volatilis</span>. <i>M.</i> nigra, rude punctata et pubescens; capite
+abdomineque nitidis, alis fusco-hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 5-6 lines. Black. Head and thorax very coarsely
+punctured; head and disk of the thorax punctured; the metathorax opake,
+with a central abbreviated channel and covered with large shallow
+punctures; the eyes notched on their inner margin; wings fuscous and
+iridescent; the tegul&aelig; smooth and shining. Abdomen shining and rather
+finely punctured; the basal segment narrow and campanulate; the margins
+of the segments thickly fringed with silvery-white hair; the cheeks,
+sides of the thorax, and beneath the legs and abdomen with scattered
+long silvery-white hairs.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. SCOLIAD&AElig;, <i>Leach.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. SCOLIA, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Scolia erratica, <i>Smith</i>, <i>Cat. Hym. Ins.</i> pt. iii. p. 88. 10. Scolia
+verticalis, <i>Burm. Abh. Nat.-Ges. Halle</i>, i. 37. 61.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, Sumatra, Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>2. Scolia aurulenta, <i>Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins.</i> pt. iii. p. 102. 80. (nec
+<i>Fabr.</i>).</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Philippine Islands, Celebes.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>3. Scolia fimbriata, <i>Burm. Abh. Nat.-Ges. Halle</i>, i. p. 32. 24.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Java, Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>4. Scolia dimidiata, <i>Gu&eacute;r. Voy. Coq. Zool.</i> ii. pt. 2. p. 248.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Senegal, Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>5. <span class="smcap">Scolia terminata.</span> <i>S.</i> nigra, clypeo mandibulisque flavis, thorace
+flavo variegato, alis hyalinis, abdomine flavo quinque-fasciato,
+apicisque marginibus flavis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 5 lines. Black; the clypeus, labrum, and mandibles
+yellow; the former with a triangular black spot in the middle; the
+latter ferruginous at their apex. The posterior margin of the prothorax,
+the tegul&aelig;, a transverse curved line on the scutellum, and a spot on the
+postscutellum yellow; the anterior and intermediate tarsi, tibi&aelig;, and
+knees, and the posterior tibi&aelig; outside, yellow; a black line on the
+intermediate tibi&aelig; beneath, and the apical joints of the tarsi fuscous;
+wings hyaline, the nervures ferruginous. Abdomen brightly prismatic; the
+margins of all the segments with a narrow yellow fascia, those on the
+second and third segments terminating at the sides in a large rounded
+macula; the fascia very narrow or obliterated on the sixth segment; the
+fasci&aelig; on the second and third segments continued beneath.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>6. <span class="smcap">Scolia agilis.</span> <i>S.</i> nigra, mandibulis clypeoque flavis, alis
+fulvo-hyalinis, abdomine prismatico flavo quadrifasciato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 8 lines. Black and punctured, with thin long griseous
+pubescence; the vertex, disk of the thorax, and the abdomen shining; the
+mandibles and clypeus yellow, the latter with a black bell-shaped spot
+in the middle; wings fulvo-hyaline, the nervures ferruginous; the tibi&aelig;
+with a yellow line outside. Abdomen beautifully prismatic; the first and
+three following segments with a yellow fascia on their apical margins,
+the second and two following much attenuated in the middle, or the
+fourth interrupted.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>7. <span class="smcap">Scolia fulvipennis.</span> <i>S.</i> nigra, antennis capiteque supra basin
+antennarum rubris, alis fulvo-hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 7 lines. Black; the antenn&aelig; and the head above their
+insertion ferruginous, the scape black, the head coarsely punctured.
+Thorax: coarsely punctured; the mesothorax with an abbreviated deeply
+impressed line in the middle of its anterior margin; wings
+fulvo-hyaline, the nervures ferruginous; the apex of the wings slightly
+fuscous, the anterior pair with two submarginal cells and one recurrent
+nervure. Abdomen: shining, punctured, and prismatic.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>8. <span class="smcap">Scolia alecto.</span> <i>S.</i> nigra, capite supra basin antennarum rubro; alis
+nigris violaceo micantibus.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 14 lines. Black and shining; head red above the
+insertion of the antenn&aelig;, very smooth and glossy, with a few punctures
+at the sides of and in front of the ocelli; antenn&aelig; black; the mandibles
+with a fringe of ferruginous hairs on their inferior margin. Thorax:
+smooth on the disk, which has a few scattered punctures at the sides;
+the scutellum punctured and shining; the thorax in front and the
+metathorax with black pubescence, the latter widely emarginate at the
+verge of the truncation, the lateral angles produced; wings black with a
+bright violet iridescence. Abdomen punctured, with the middle of the
+second, third, and fourth segments smooth and shining in the middle; the
+first segment with a smooth shining carina at its base slightly produced
+forwards, the abdomen with a slight metallic lustre. The wings with one
+marginal and three submarginal cells, and one recurrent nervure.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Smaller than the female, and differs in having the clypeus red
+and the red colour running down behind the eyes, the antenn&aelig; longer, and
+the abdomen with a bright metallic iridescence.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>9. <span class="smcap">Scolia minuta.</span> <i>S.</i> nigra, abdomine iridescente, segmentorum
+marginibus apicalibus flavo fasciatis, alis subhyalinis iridescentibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 4 lines. Head and thorax black and shining, with
+scattered pale pubescence; the mandibles and clypeus yellow, the latter
+with an anchor-shaped black spot. Thorax: the posterior margin of the
+prothorax and the anterior and intermediate tibi&aelig; and tarsi yellow; a
+minute yellow spot on the postscutellum yellow; the wings subhyaline,
+the nervures fusco-ferruginous. Abdomen: the apical margins of the
+segments with a narrow yellow border, the second and third uniting with
+a lateral spot; the sixth segment immaculate; the apex pale testaceous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. POMPILID&AElig;, <i>Leach</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Pompilus analis, <i>Fabr. Syst. Piez.</i> p. 209. 42.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, Java, Ceylon, Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Pompilus saltitans.</span> <i>P.</i> niger, pedibus subferrugineis, prothoracis
+margine postica flava; alis flavo-hyalinis, apice fuscis, abdomine pilis
+cinereis fasciato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 6 lines. Black and thinly covered with ashy pile. The
+scape, labrum, mandibles and palpi ferruginous; the clypeus widely
+emarginate anteriorly. The posterior margin of the prothorax angular and
+with a yellow border; the scutellum prominent, covered on each side with
+a dense silvery-white pile, the postscutellum with two spots of the
+same; the wings flavo-hyaline, their apex with a broad dark-fuscous
+border, the nervures ferruginous, the tegul&aelig; yellow; the posterior wings
+palest; legs pale ferruginous, the cox&aelig; black with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> their tips pale; the
+apical joints of the tarsi blackish, the spines of the legs black.
+Abdomen: the first, second, and third segments with a fascia of
+silvery-white pile at their basal margins; the apex of the abdomen
+ferruginous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Pompilus contortus.</span> <i>P.</i> niger, cinereo-pilosus, prothorace flavo
+postice marginato; alis subhyalinis, marginibus apicalibus fuscis,
+pedibus subferrugineis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5&frac12; lines. Black; the head, thorax, and four basal
+segments of the abdomen covered with ashy pile; the first and second
+segments with their apical margins naked. The scape yellow in front; the
+flagellum beneath, the labrum, mandibles and palpi ferruginous; the
+joints of the antenn&aelig; arcuate, particularly the apical ones; the apex of
+each joint is oblique, giving the antenn&aelig; a twisted appearance. Thorax:
+the posterior margin of the prothorax angular and with a broad yellow
+border; the scutellum compressed and prominent; wings subhyaline with a
+broad fuscous border at their apex, the tegul&aelig; yellow; legs pale
+ferruginous, with their cox&aelig; and trochanters black; the apical joints of
+the tarsi fuscous. Abdomen with a yellow macula at the tip.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Pompilus pilifrons.</span> <i>P.</i> niger, facie argenteis pilis dense tecta;
+thorace abdomineque flavo maculatis, alis subhyalinis, apice fuscis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 4&frac12; lines. Black; the face densely covered with
+silvery-white pile; a narrow line at the inner orbits of the eyes, the
+palpi and mandibles yellow; the latter ferruginous at their apex. The
+posterior margin of the prothorax rounded and yellow; a minute yellow
+spot on the mesothorax touching the scutellum, the thorax and abdomen
+covered with a changeable silky pile; the wings subhyaline, their
+nervures fuscous, a broad dark fuscous border at the apex of the
+superior pair. A transverse spot on each side of the basal margin of the
+second and third segments, and an emarginate fascia on that of the
+fifth, yellow.</p>
+
+<p>5. <span class="smcap">Pompilus deceptor.</span> <i>P.</i> rufescenti-flavus; vertice nigro, alis
+anticis apice fuscis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 6 lines. Pale reddish-yellow; the antenn&aelig; slightly dusky
+above; a black transverse stripe on the vertex between the eyes, and
+another issuing from it in the middle and passing beyond the ocelli.
+Thorax: a black stripe on each side of the mesothorax over the tegul&aelig;;
+the wings subhyaline, the nervures ferruginous, the superior pair
+fuscous at their apex. Abdomen immaculate.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Subgenus <span class="smcap">Priocnemis.</span></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Priocnemis rufifrons.</span> <i>P.</i> niger; facie, antennis, tibiis tarsisque<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span>
+ferrugineis, alis fulvo-hyalinis; abdominis segmento apicali flavo
+unimaculato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 9&frac12; lines. Black; the face above the clypeus, as high
+as the anterior ocellus, reddish-yellow; the extreme edge of the
+clypeus, the labrum and base of the mandibles ferruginous; the antenn&aelig;
+reddish-yellow. Thorax: fulvo-hyaline, with a dark fuscous border at the
+apex; the knees, tibi&aelig; and tarsi reddish-yellow; the two latter spinose.
+Abdomen: gradually tapering to an acute point at the apex, the sixth
+segment with an elongate red spot.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Subgenus <span class="smcap">Agenia.</span></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Agenia blanda, <i>Gu&eacute;r. Voy. Coq. Zool.</i> ii. pt. 2. p. 260.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Agenia bimaculata.</span> <i>A.</i> nigra, cinereo-pilosa, clypeo plagis duabus
+flavis; antennarum articulis apicalibus, tibiis tarsisque anticis et
+intermediis femoribusque posticis ferrugineis; alis subhyalinis,
+nervuris nigris.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 7 lines. Black, and covered with ashy pile; a large
+macula on each side of the clypeus, the mandibles and palpi yellow; the
+base and apex of the mandibles rufo-piceous; the flagellum pale
+ferruginous, more or less fuscous above towards the base. Thorax: the
+posterior margin of the prothorax arched; the anterior and intermediate
+tibi&aelig; and tarsi and the femora at their apex beneath, also the posterior
+femora, pale ferruginous; the wings subhyaline, the nervures dark
+fuscous. Abdomen: the apical margins of the segments obscurely and
+narrowly rufo-piceous, the apex ferruginous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Macromeris</span>, <i>St. Farg.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Macromeris splendida, <i>St. Farg. Hym. iii.</i> 463. 1. <ins class="correction" title="Symbol: male">&#9794;</ins>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, China, Malacca, Borneo, Java, Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Mygnimia</span>, <i>Smith</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Mygnimia iridipennis, <i>Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc.</i> ii. p. 98.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes, Borneo.</p>
+
+<p>This insect, a female, is 5 lines larger than <i>M. iridipennis</i>; but I
+can point out no other distinction beyond a slight difference in the
+colour of the wings: the specimen from Borneo has a metallic
+bluish-green iridescence, the Celebes insect has a violet iridescence;
+notwithstanding which I am inclined to regard them as one species.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Mygnimia fumipennis.</span> <i>M.</i> aurantiaco-rubra, alis obscure fuscis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 9 lines. Orange-red; the anterior margin of the clypeus
+entire; the labrum produced, its anterior margin widely emarginate; eyes
+large, black and ovate. Thorax: the posterior margin<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> of the prothorax
+rounded; the mesothorax with a longitudinal fuscous stripe on each side,
+widest anteriorly; the metathorax truncate; above, transversely striate;
+the tibi&aelig; and tarsi spinose; wings dark fuscous, with a pale
+semitransparent macula at the base of the second discoidal cell and a
+dark fuscous macula beyond; the insect entirely covered with a fine
+orange-red downy pile.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. SPHEGID&AElig;.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Sphex pr&aelig;dator.</span> <i>S.</i> niger, rude punctatus, facie pube fulva vestita;
+alis fuscis cupreo iridescentibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 10&frac12; lines. Black; the head and thorax opake. Abdomen
+shining blue-black. The face with silvery pile on each side of the
+clypeus, and sprinkled with erect black hairs. Thorax: the posterior
+margin of the prothorax with a line of silvery pubescence; the
+metathorax with a short light-brown pubescence at the apex, and thinly
+clothed with black hairs; wings dark brown, with a brilliant violet
+iridescence. Abdomen blue-black, smooth and shining.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Ammophila insolata.</span> <i>A.</i> nigra, scapo mandibulis, pedibus,
+abdominisque segmentis primo et secundo ferrugineis; alis subhyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 8&frac12; lines. Black; the scape, the base of the
+flagellum beneath, the anterior margin of the clypeus and the mandibles
+ferruginous; the latter black at their apex. Thorax: the prothorax
+smooth and shining; the meso- and metathorax above transversely
+striated, the scutellum longitudinally so; the legs ferruginous, with
+their cox&aelig; black; a spot of silvery-white pubescence on each side of the
+metathorax at its base, and two at its apex close to the insertion of
+the petiole; the wings fulvo-hyaline with the nervures ferruginous.
+Abdomen: the petiole and the following segment red, the base of the
+third also slightly red; the three apical segments obscurely blue, with
+a thin glittering pile.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>male</i> differs in having the legs black, their articulations only
+being ferruginous; the head entirely black with the face densely covered
+with silvery-white pile. The thorax is sculptured as in the other sex;
+the petiole more elongate and slender, the basal joint black, the second
+and the first segment ferruginous beneath; the rest of the abdomen blue.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Pelop&aelig;us</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Pelop&aelig;us Madraspatanus, <i>Fabr. Syst. Piez.</i> p. 203. 3.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Malabar, Madras, Nepaul, Bengal, Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>2. Pelop&aelig;us Bengalensis, <i>Dahlb. Syst. Nat.</i> i. 941. 2.
+
+<i>Hab.</i> India, Philippine Islands, China, Isle of France, Celebes.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Pelop&aelig;us intrudens.</span> <i>P.</i> niger; clypeo bidentato, tibiis anticis et
+intermediis, femorumque apice, femoribusque posticis basi,
+trochanteribus, tibiarum dimidio basali, petioloque rufescenti-flavis;
+alis fulvo-hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 11 lines. Black; the face with silvery pubescence; the
+clypeus with two large blunt teeth at its apex, formed by a deep notch
+in its anterior margin; the scape reddish-yellow in front. The meso- and
+metathorax transversely striated; the wings fulvo-hyaline, the nervures
+ferruginous; the anterior and intermediate tibi&aelig; and the femora at their
+apex, the posterior femora at their base, the trochanters, the tibi&aelig;
+with their basal half and the middle of the basal joint of the posterior
+tarsi, reddish-yellow; the petiole of the abdomen of a paler yellow; the
+abdomen smooth and shining. The male only differs in being rather
+smaller.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Wallace says of this species, "A common house-wasp in Macassar;
+builds mud cells on rafters."</p>
+
+<p><i>Note.</i>&mdash;In describing the species of this genus collected by Mr.
+Wallace at Borneo, I incorrectly gave that locality for <i>P. javanus</i>.
+The insect mistaken for that species may be shortly characterized as P.
+<i>benignus</i>, length 12 lines. Opake-black, with the petiole shining; the
+metathorax transversely striated; the wings pale fulvo-hyaline, the
+nervures ferruginous; the scape in front, the anterior and intermediate
+tibi&aelig;, the apex of the femora, and the basal joint of the tarsi
+reddish-yellow; the posterior legs, with the trochanters and basal half
+of the femora, yellow.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Pelop&aelig;us flavo-fasciatus.</span> <i>P.</i> niger; capite thoraceque flavo
+variegato; pedibus abdominisque basi ferrugineis; alis hyalinis, apice
+fuscis, abdominisque segmento tertio fascia lata flava ornato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 9 lines. Black; the clypeus yellow; the mandibles and
+scape ferruginous, the former black at their base, the latter yellow in
+front; the sides of the face with a bright golden pile. Thorax: the
+posterior margin of the prothorax, the tegul&aelig;, scutellum, and a quadrate
+spot on each side of the metathorax at its base yellow; the legs
+ferruginous, with the cox&aelig;, trachanters, and claw-joint of the tarsi
+black; wings fulvo-hyaline, the nervures ferruginous, a fuscous spot at
+the apex of the anterior pair; the meso- and metathorax transversely
+striated, the latter with a yellow spot at the insertion of the petiole.
+Abdomen: the petiole slightly curved upwards, the first segment
+ferruginous; a broad yellow fascia at the apex of the third segment, the
+apex of the fourth with a narrow obscure fascia; the abdomen covered
+with a fine silky pile.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. BEMBICID&AElig;, <i>Westw.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Bembex trepanda, <i>Dahlb. Hym. Europ.</i> i. p. 181.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, Celebes.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. LARRID&AElig;.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Genus <span class="smcap">Larra</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Larra prismatica, <i>Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc.</i> ii. p. 103.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Malacca, Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Genus LARRADA, <i>Smith</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Larrada aurulenta, <i>Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins.</i> pt. iv. 276. 6. Sphex
+aurulenta, <i>Fabr. Mant.</i> i. 274. 10.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, Java, Sumatra, Celebes, Philippine Islands, China, Cape of
+Good Hope, Gambia.</p>
+
+<p>2. Larrada exilipes, <i>Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins.</i> pt. iv. p. 278.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Larrada &aelig;dilis.</span> <i>L.</i> nigra; facie argenteo-pilosa, alis subhyalinis,
+articulis apicalibus tarsorum rufo-testaceis, abdomine l&aelig;vi et nitido.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5&frac12; lines. Black; head and thorax subopake, the
+abdomen shining; the face densely covered with silvery pile, the cheeks,
+sides of the thorax and abdomen thinly so; the tips of the mandibles and
+apical joints of the tarsi ferruginous, the latter obscurely so. The
+metathorax transversely and rather finely rugose, the truncation more
+strongly striated; the scutellum shining; the wings subhyaline, the
+nervures ferruginous; the tibi&aelig; with scattered spines, the tarsi
+spinose.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Larrada aurifrons.</span> <i>L.</i> nigra; facie mesothoracis metathoracisque
+lateribus aurato pubescentibus, abdominis marginibus segmentorum trium
+basalium argentato piloso fasciatis; alis fuscis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 8 lines. Black; the face and outer orbits of the eyes
+clothed with golden pile; the lateral margins of the mesothorax and the
+metathorax thinly clothed with golden pile; wings dark fuscous with a
+violet iridescence; the three basal segments of the abdomen with fasci&aelig;
+of silvery pile.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>5. <span class="smcap">Larrada personata.</span> <i>L.</i> capite thoraceque nigris, abdomine
+ferrugineo.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 8&frac12; lines. Head, thorax, and legs black; the two
+former closely punctured and thinly covered with short cinereous
+pubescence; the metathorax with the punctures running into transverse
+stri&aelig; in the middle; the sides of the thorax and the legs with a fine
+silky silvery-white pile; the tibi&aelig; and tarsi strongly spinose; wings
+fusco-hyaline; abdomen entirely red, smooth and shining.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>male</i> is smaller, and has the four apical segments of the abdomen
+black, the face, cheeks, and apical margins of the segments of the
+abdomen with silvery pile.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>This is probably merely a variety of <i>L. simillima</i>, wanting the black
+apex to the abdomen; it very much resembles the L. <i>anathema</i> of Europe.</p>
+
+<p>6. <span class="smcap">Larrada rufipes.</span> <i>L.</i> nigra, mandibulis pedibusque rufis; alis
+hyalinis, venis pallide testaceis; abdomine sericeo-piloso.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 7 lines. Black; the head smooth and shining; the
+clypeus, the cheeks, and face anteriorly covered with silvery pile; the
+scape in front, the mandibles, and palpi ferruginous. Thorax: the sides
+and beneath with a thin silvery-white pile; the legs ferruginous with
+the cox&aelig; black, the posterior pair red beneath; the thorax closely
+punctured, the metathorax transversely striated; wings fulvo-hyaline,
+the nervures pale-testaceous. Abdomen shining, very closely and
+delicately punctured; thinly covered with a fine white silky pile, which
+is very bright on the margins of the segments, which are slightly
+rufo-piceous.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>male</i> closely resembles the female, and is similarly sculptured and
+coloured.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>7. <span class="smcap">Larrada festinans.</span> <i>L.</i> nigra; facie abdominisque marginibus
+segmentorum argentato-pilosis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 3 lines. Black; the face and cheeks thinly covered with
+silvery pile. Thorax: the disk very closely punctured, the metathorax
+rugose; the sides and the legs with a fine glittering sericeous pile,
+the wings subhyaline, their apical margins fuscous, the nervures
+fuscous. Abdomen smooth and sinning, covered with a thin silky pile, the
+apical margins with bright silvery fasci&aelig;, only observable in certain
+lights.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>male</i> closely resembles the female, but has the face more silvery.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Genus <span class="smcap">Morphota</span>, <i>Smith</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Morphota formosa.</span> <i>M.</i> capite thoraceque nigris; abdomine rufo, apice
+nigro, pilis argentatis ornato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5 lines. Black, with the two basal segments of the
+abdomen red; covered with a brilliant changeable silvery pile, most
+dense on the face, cheeks, sides of the metathorax, and on the apical
+margins of the abdominal segments. The mandibles ferruginous, with their
+apex piceous. The vertex smooth, and having <i>three distinct ocelli</i>; the
+head more produced behind the eyes than in <i>Larrada</i>. Thorax: the
+prothorax subtuberculate at the sides; wings subhyaline and iridescent,
+the nervures fuscous, the tegul&aelig; pale testaceous behind. The apical
+margin of the first segment of the abdomen rufo-fuscous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>The insects belonging to the genus <i>Morphota</i> differ from those of
+<i>Larrada</i> in having three distinct ocelli, the vertex without any
+depressions,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> and the head much less compressed than in <i>Larrada</i>; the
+recurrent nervures are received nearer to the base and apex of the
+second submarginal cell; the species have, in fact, a distinct habit,
+and do not assimilate with the species of <i>Larrada</i>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Genus <span class="smcap">Tachytes</span>, <i>Panz.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Tachytes morosus.</span> <i>T.</i> niger, scutello abdomineque nitidis, facie
+argenteo-pilosa; marginibus lateralibus abdominis segmentorum
+argentatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 4&frac12; lines. Black; the face covered with silvery pile;
+the thorax finely and very closely punctured; the metathorax opake and
+finely rugose, thinly covered with cinereous pubescence; the anterior
+tarsi ciliated on the exterior, and the intermediate and posterior tibi&aelig;
+with a few dispersed spines; wings fusco-hyaline and iridescent, the
+nervures fusco-ferruginous, the costal nervure black. Abdomen smooth and
+shining; the apical margins of the intermediate segments slightly
+depressed, with the sides sericeous.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. CRABRONID&AElig;.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Genus <span class="smcap">Oxybelus</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Oxybelus agilis, <i>Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins.</i> pt. iv. 387. 25.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Genus Crabro</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Crabro (Rhopalum) agilis.</span> <i>C.</i> obscuro-nigra, clypeo argentato,
+capite, thorace abdomineque flavo variis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 4 lines. Black, opake; head larger than the thorax,
+quadrate; the ocelli in a curve on the vertex; the clypeus and lower
+portion of the cheeks with silvery pile; the scape, two basal joints of
+the flagellum, the palpi, and the mandibles, yellow; the latter
+rufo-piceous at their apex. The margin of the prothorax, the tubercles,
+the scutellum, the tibi&aelig; and tarsi, the anterior femora and the
+intermediate pair at their apex yellow; the anterior femora black above;
+the wings subhyaline and iridescent, the nervures testaceous. Abdomen:
+with an elongate clavate petiole; the first segment with an oblique
+yellow macula on each side, the third with a large lateral macula at its
+base, and the following segments entirely yellow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>This species closely resembles the <i>C. Westermanni</i> of Dahlbome, from
+the Cape of Good Hope.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Genus Cerceris</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Cerceris instabilis, <i>Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins.</i> pt. iv. 452. 74.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, China, Celebes.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>2. Cerceris unifasciata, <i>Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins.</i> pt. iv. 456. 84.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> North China, Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>3. Cerceris fuliginosa, <i>Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins.</i> pt. iv. 454. 79.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Cerceris varipes.</span> <i>C.</i> nigra, facie flavo varia; alis fuscis basi
+hyalinis; pedibus variegatis; abdomine flavo maculato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 6 lines. Black; a line down the inner orbits of the eyes,
+continued along the lower margins of the face, and uniting with the
+clypeus, which as well as a line above it between the antenn&aelig; are
+yellow; a spot on the scape in front, and the mandibles, yellow; the
+latter rufo-piceous at their apex. Thorax: a spot on each side of the
+prothorax, a minute one on the tegul&aelig;; the postscutellum, the
+intermediate and posterior cox&aelig; and trochanters, the anterior tibi&aelig;
+behind, the femora beneath, and the intermediate and posterior tibi&aelig;
+yellow; the femora reddish above and at their articulations; the
+posterior femora and tibi&aelig; black, with the tarsi rufo-testaceous; the
+anterior wings and the apex of the posterior pair brown, the base of the
+anterior pair hyaline. Abdomen: the second and three following segments
+with a short yellow stripe on each side.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Tribe VESPID&AElig;.</p>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. EUMENID&AElig;, <i>Westw</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Genus <span class="smcap">Zethus</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Zethus cyanopterus, <i>Sauss. Mon. Gu&ecirc;pes Sol</i>. i. 23. 2.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Genus <span class="smcap">Montezumia</span>, <i>Sauss.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Montezumia Indica, <i>Sauss. Mon. Gu&ecirc;pes Sol.</i> i. <i>supp.</i> 167. 59. t.
+9. f. 4.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Genus <span class="smcap">Rhynchium</span>, <i>Spin.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Rhynchium h&aelig;morrhoidale, <i>Sauss. Mon. Gu&ecirc;pes Sol.</i> i. 109. 12. Vespa
+h&aelig;morrhoidalis, <i>Fabr. Syst. Piez.</i> p. 259. 28.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, Java, Cape of Good Hope, Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>2. Rhynchium argentatum, <i>Sauss. Mon. Gu&ecirc;pes Sol.</i> i. 115. 22. Vespa
+argentata, <i>Fabr. Syst. Piez.</i> p. 260. 39.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>3. Rhynchium atrum, <i>Sauss. Mon. Gu&ecirc;pes Sol.</i> i. 109. 11.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>4. Rhynchium parentissimum, <i>Sauss. Mon. Gu&ecirc;pes Sol.</i> p. 111. 14. Var.
+<i>R. h&aelig;morrhoidale?</i></p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, Java, Celebes.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Genus <span class="smcap">Eumenes</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Eumenes circinalis, <i>Fabr. Syst. Piez.</i> p. 286. 4.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, Sumatra, Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>2. Eumenes fulvipennis, <i>Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins.</i> pt. v. 24. 26.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Eumenes vindex.</span> <i>E.</i> niger, flavo variegatus, alis subhyalinis
+iridescentibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 6 lines. Black; strongly punctured and shining; a minute
+spot behind the eyes, another in their emargination, the clypeus, with
+two minute spots above it, a spot at the base of the mandibles, and the
+scape in front yellow. Thorax: a subinterrupted line on its anterior
+margin, the tubercles, a spot on the tegul&aelig; behind, and the legs yellow;
+the cox&aelig;, femora at their base, and the posterior tibi&aelig; outside dusky;
+wings light brown and iridescent, the anterior margin of the superior
+pair darkest. Abdomen delicately punctured; the apical margin of the
+first segment with a narrow yellow border slightly interrupted on each
+side; the apical segments with a thin cinereous pile.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Eumenes architectus.</span> <i>E.</i> niger, clypeo, prothoracis margine
+postscutello abdominisque segmenti primi margine flavis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 6 lines. Black and closely punctured; a line behind the
+eyes near their vertex, a spot between the antenn&aelig; and the clypeus,
+yellow; the latter black at the apex, which is notched; the labrum and
+mandibles reddish-yellow, the latter black at their base. Thorax: the
+anterior margin yellow; the tubercles, tegul&aelig;, postscutellum, an
+interrupted line on each side of the metathorax, the tibi&aelig;, tarsi, and
+femora at their apex, yellow; the cox&aelig; spotted with yellow and the
+posterior tibi&aelig; dusky; the wings fusco-hyaline; a black line across the
+tegul&aelig;. Abdomen: an ovate spot on each side of the petiole, its apical
+margin, a transverse ovate spot on each side of the first segment, and
+its posterior margin yellow; the following segments covered with a grey
+silky pile.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Differs from the female in having the clypeus entirely yellow,
+the metathorax and abdomen entirely black; only the apical margin of the
+petiole is yellow, it is also longer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>5. <span class="smcap">Eumenes floralis.</span> <i>E.</i> niger; clypeo flavo; thorace pedibusque
+ferrugineo-flavo variegatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 6&frac12; lines. Black; strongly punctured and shining; the
+clypeus and a spot above yellow; a narrow abbreviated line behind the
+eyes, a minute spot in their emargination, and the tips of the mandibles
+orange-red; the flagellum fulvous beneath. Thorax: the anterior and
+posterior margin of the prothorax, the tubercles, and a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> spot on the
+tegul&aelig; behind, a line on the postscutellum and the legs, orange-red, the
+cox&aelig; black, and the tarsi dusky; the wings slightly brownish with a
+violet iridescence. Abdomen immaculate, with a minute spot on the
+posterior border of the petiole; the third and following segments with a
+fine cinereous pile.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Genus <span class="smcap">Odynerus</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Odynerus ovalis, <i>Sauss. Mon. Gu&ecirc;pes Sol.</i> 215. 122. t. 19. f. 4.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, China, Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Odynerus (Ancistrocerus) clavicornis.</span> <i>O.</i> niger, flavo varius;
+capite thoraceque fortiter, abdomine delicatule punctatis, antennis
+clavatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 4&frac12; lines. Black; head and thorax strongly punctured
+and shining; a spot on the mandibles, the labrum, the clypeus, a spot
+above, the scape in front, a line in the emargination of the eyes and a
+spot behind them, yellow; the flagellum broadly clavate, the joints
+transverse, the apex of the club and the terminal hook reddish-yellow,
+the thickened part of the club concave beneath, the hook bent into the
+cavity. Thorax: two spots on the anterior margin, a spot on the tegul&aelig;
+in front, and the legs, reddish-yellow, the cox&aelig; dusky; the metathorax
+coarsely rugose and deeply concave-truncate. Abdomen: the first segment
+with a transverse carina at its base, in front of which is an
+irregularly cut deep transverse channel forming a second carina in front
+of the groove; the segments finely punctured, the first and second
+segments with a yellow posterior border, the fourth and following
+segments rufo-piceous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Odynerus (Leionotus) insularis.</span> <i>O.</i> niger, flavo et aurantio
+variegatus; abdominis basi ferruginea.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 6 lines. Black; the head and thorax strongly punctured;
+the mandibles, clypeus, a line above extending to the anterior ocellus,
+the emargination of the eyes, a spot at their vertex and a line at their
+outer orbits, yellow; the antenn&aelig; reddish-yellow, with the scape pale
+yellow in front and a narrow fuscous line above; the yellow marking more
+or less stained orange. Thorax: the prothorax orange, its anterior
+border, the tubercles, tegul&aelig;, two spots on the scutellum and
+postscutellum, the lateral margins of the metathorax and the legs,
+yellow, the latter with reddish stains; wings subhyaline, the superior
+pair with a fuscous cloud at their apex. The base of the abdomen and a
+large macula on each side of the second segment ferruginous; the apical
+margin of the segments with a yellow border, the first and second with a
+minute notch in the middle; the first and second segments entirely
+ferruginous beneath.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Odynerus fulvipennis.</span> <i>O.</i> niger, flavo varius, pedibus ferrugineis,
+alis fulvo-hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Black; head and thorax closely and strongly punctured; the
+clypeus and two spots above, a line along the lower margin of the sinus
+of the eyes, a narrow line behind them, the scape in front, and the
+mandibles yellow; the tips of the latter rufo-piceous; the antenn&aelig; and
+legs ferruginous; an interrupted yellow line on the anterior margin of
+the thorax; the wings fulvo-hyaline; the veins which enclose the
+marginal and second and third submarginal cells fuscous, the rest pale
+testaceous; a fuscous cloud in the marginal cell. Abdomen: the apical
+margin of the second segment with a yellow fascia, the following
+segments with red fasci&aelig;.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Genus <span class="smcap">Icaria</span>, <i>Sauss.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Icaria ferruginea, <i>Sauss. Mon. Gu&ecirc;pes Soc.</i> p. 37. 15.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Icaria pilosa.</span> <i>I.</i> nigra, rude punctata et densissime pubescens,
+clypeo flavo, thorace, pedibus abdomineque ferrugineo variegatis; alis
+subhyalinis, anticis apice fusco maculatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 7&frac12; lines. Black; closely and strongly punctured; the
+clypeus, a line on the mandibles, and the scape in front, yellow; tips
+of the mandibles, the scape above, and the base of the flagellum
+ferruginous. Thorax: the prothorax, scutellum and postscutellum,
+ferruginous; the tegul&aelig; and legs pale ferruginous, the cox&aelig; black; wings
+fusco-hyaline, with a dark cloud in the marginal cell extending to the
+apex of the wing; a fainter cloud traverses the margin of the wing to
+its base. Abdomen: the first, second and third segments with a
+reddish-yellow fascia, that on the second segment continued beneath; a
+longitudinal broad stripe of the same colour on each side of the second
+segment; its apical margin serrated.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Genus <span class="smcap">Polistes</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Polistes sagittarius, <i>Sauss. Mon. Gu&ecirc;pes Soc.</i> p. 56. 12.</p>
+
+<p>Various specimens from Greece and Celebes have the thorax more or less
+ferruginous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, Celebes, China, Greece.</p>
+
+<p>2. Polistes Picteti, <i>Sauss. Mon. Gu&ecirc;pes Soc.</i> 69. 28. t. 6. f. 8.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Ceram, Australia, Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>3. Polistes fastidiosus, <i>Sauss. Mon. Gu&ecirc;pes Soc.</i> p. 60. 18.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Africa (Gambia), Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>4. Polistes stigma, <i>Fabr. Syst. Piez.</i> p. 261. 41.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, Ceram, Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>5. Polistes Philippinensis, <i>Sauss. Mon. Gu&ecirc;pes Soc.</i> 58. 14 (var.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Philippine Islands.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Genus <span class="smcap">Vespa</span>, <i>Linn.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Vespa affinis, <i>Fabr. Syst. Piez.</i> p. 254. 6 (var. <i>V. cincta</i>?).</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> India, China, Singapore, Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Vespa fervida.</span> <i>V.</i> nigra, delicatule punctata; clypei margine
+antica, macula pone oculos, margineque postica segmenti primi abdominis
+flavis; alis fulvo-hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 13 lines. Black; closely and finely punctured; the
+clypeus convex and strongly punctured, emarginate anteriorly, the
+emargination with a yellow border; the eyes extending to the base of the
+mandibles, which have three stout teeth at their apex and a narrow
+yellow line at their inner margin. Thorax: the postscutellum yellow, and
+a minute yellow spot on the outer margin of the tegul&aelig;; the wings
+rufo-hyaline, darkest along the anterior margin of the superior pair;
+the nervures ferruginous, gradually becoming darker at the base of the
+wings, the costal nervure black.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 9 lines. Very closely resembles the female, but in
+addition to the yellow markings of that sex has the anterior margin of
+the clypeus yellow, a narrow transverse line between the antenn&aelig;,
+another along the lower margin of the notch of the eyes, an abbreviated
+stripe behind them at the base of the mandibles, a spot beneath the
+postscutellum and a narrow yellow line along the posterior margin of the
+basal segment of the abdomen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. TENTHREDINID&AElig;.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Genus <span class="smcap">Tenthredo</span>, <i>Linn.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Tenthredo (Allantus) purpurata.</span> <i>T.</i> capite thoraceque
+c&aelig;ruleo-viridibus, abdomine purpureo, alis fuscis iridescentibus.</p>
+
+<p>Size, length 4 lines. Head and thorax blue-green, abdomen purple; wings
+dark fuscous with a violet iridescence; an oblique white line on each
+side beneath the scutellum; legs and antenn&aelig; black.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. ICHNEUMONID&AElig;.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Genus <span class="smcap">Megischus</span>, <i>Brull&eacute;.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Megischus indicus, <i>Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc.</i> new ser. i. 1851.</p>
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Philippine Islands, Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Genus <span class="smcap">Mesostenus</span>, <i>Brull&eacute;.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Mesostenus albo-spinosus.</span> <i>M.</i> niger, albo varius, abdominis
+segmentis albo marginatis, metathorace spinis duabus albis armato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5&frac12; lines. Black; a half-circular spot on the
+clypeus, a heart-shaped one above it, a spot at the base of the
+mandibles, the orbits of the eyes, interrupted at their vertex,
+yellowish white, the palpi of the same colour, and a broad incomplete
+annulus on the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> antenn&aelig; beyond their middle. Thorax: the mesothorax with
+two deeply impressed oblique lines inclined inwards and terminating at
+an ovate spot in the middle of the disk, the scutellum and an oblique
+line on each side a little before it, a horseshoe-shaped spot in the
+middle of the metathorax, and a little below it on each side a conical
+tooth, yellowish white; four spots beneath the wings, one on each side
+of the metathorax, and the cox&aelig; beneath, white; the legs ferruginous,
+with the intermediate pair dusky behind, the posterior pair entirely so,
+the femora being black; the wings hyaline, nervures fuscous. Abdomen:
+punctured and with a white fascia on the margins of the three basal
+segments; the two apical segments with very narrow fasci&aelig;.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>This species is closely allied to the <i>M. literatus</i> of Brull&eacute;; but it
+differs too much, I think, to be identical with it.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Pimpla trimaculata.</span> <i>P.</i> flava, oculis, macula circa ocellos,
+vittulis tribus mesothoracis setisque caudalibus nigris.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 6 lines. Yellow; the antenn&aelig; fuscous above, also a
+fuscous cloud at the apex of the anterior wings, the wings hyaline with
+the nervures black; a spot on the scape within, and three longitudinal
+stripes on the mesothorax, black; the latter slightly punctured
+anteriorly; the metathorax smooth and shining, with three oblique carin&aelig;
+on each side, and a small subovate enclosed space in the middle of the
+disk. Abdomen punctured, all the segments margined at their apex, and
+each with a deeply impressed line at their extreme lateral margins; the
+sixth segment with two minute black spots at its basal margin, the two
+apical segments smooth and shining; the ovipositor black.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>This species is closely allied to the <i>P. trilineata</i> of Brull&eacute;.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. BRACONID&AElig;.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Bracon insinuator.</span> <i>B.</i> capite, thorace pedibusque ferrugineis;
+antennis, tibiis tarsisque posticis et abdomine nigris; alis
+nigro-fuscis, macula hyalina sub stigmate.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 7&frac12; lines. Head and thorax smooth, shining, and
+ferruginous, the legs ferruginous, with the posterior tibi&aelig; and tarsi
+black; the antenn&aelig; black, with the scape and following joint
+ferruginous; wings dark brown, with their extreme base pale testaceous;
+a hyaline stripe runs from the stigma across the first submarginal cell
+and passes a little below it. Abdomen black, smooth, and shining, with
+the lateral margins of the basal segment pale yellow-testaceous; this
+segment has on each side a longitudinal carina, and between them is a
+highly polished bell-shaped form; the second segment with deep oblique
+depressions at the sides, and deeply<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span> longitudinally rugose-striate,
+leaving the apical margin smooth and shining; the second segment is
+similarly sculptured, and the third has a transverse groove at its base.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Bracon intrudens.</span> <i>B.</i> rufescenti-flavus, antennis setisque
+caudalibus nigris; alis nigro-fuscis, basi fasciaque angusta transversa
+flavis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 9 lines. Pale reddish-yellow; the eyes, flagellum, and
+ovipositor black; the scape and the following segment yellow; the head
+and thorax smooth and shining, both pubescent at the sides and beneath,
+the legs covered with a similar pale pubescence; the face with an
+upright horn between the antenn&aelig;, and a raised flattened plate in front
+of it. Abdomen: the basal segment with the lateral margins raised, and
+having on each side an elongate broad depression extending its entire
+length; the three following with an oblique depression on each side at
+the base of the segment; the third, fourth, and fifth segments
+distinctly margined at their apex; the ovipositor the length of the
+insect.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Genus <span class="smcap">Agathis</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Agathis sculpturalis.</span> <i>A.</i> nigra, prothorace, pedibus anticis
+mediisque ferrugineis; abdomine l&aelig;vigato nitido.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 5&frac12; lines. Black; the mouth, prothorax, anterior and
+intermediate legs, ferruginous; the face with two teeth or horns between
+or a little before the insertion of the antenn&aelig;, and another at the side
+of each, close to their insertion. Thorax: the mesothorax with two
+deeply impressed lines in front, running inwards, and uniting about the
+middle, and with two or three deep transverse channels before their
+junction; the lateral margins of the mesothorax deeply impressed; the
+metathorax ruggedly sculptured; the posterior cox&aelig; and femora closely
+punctured; wings black with a hyaline spot in the first submarginal
+cell. Abdomen very smooth and shining, with a deeply impressed line on
+each side of the basal segment.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Agathis modesta.</span> <i>A.</i> rufescenti-flava; antennis, vertice, tibiis
+posticis apice, tarsisque nigris; alis fusco maculatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 4 lines. Reddish-yellow: the antenn&aelig; and vertex, black.
+The mesothorax with two deeply impressed longitudinal oblique lines, and
+two parallel ones between them; the metathorax reticulated; wings
+hyaline, with a dark fuscous stain crossing the anterior pair at the
+base of the first submarginal cell, these hyaline to the middle of the
+stigma, beyond which they are fuscous; a subhyaline spot at the apex of
+the marginal cell, and another beneath it at the inferior margin of the
+wing; the posterior tarsi dusky, and the tips of the tibi&aelig; black.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Agathis nitida.</span> <i>A.</i> nigra, nitida; facie, pectore, pedibus anticis
+et intermediis, plaga infra alas, scutelloque pallide ferrugineis.</p>
+
+<p>Length 4 lines. Black and shining; the face, mandibles, head beneath,
+legs, pectus, sides of the thorax beneath the wings, the scutellum and
+the basal half of the abdomen beneath, pale ferruginous; the mesothorax
+with two longitudinal oblique lines on the disk, which have two parallel
+ones between them; the metathorax coarsely rugose; the wings dark brown,
+with the base of the stigma pale, and a hyaline spot beneath it. Abdomen
+very smooth and shining, with the apical margins of the segments
+narrowly rufo-piceous; the posterior legs incrassate and dark
+rufo-piceous.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. CHRYSIDID&AElig;.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Genus <span class="smcap">Hedychrum</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Hedychrum flammulatum.</span> <i>H.</i> viridi-purpureo lavatum; capite
+thoraceque fortiter, abdomine delicatule, punctatis; alis fuscis basi
+hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p>Length 3 lines. Bright green; the vertex, two oblique stripes on the
+prothorax, meeting in the centre of its anterior margin, a broad
+longitudinal stripe on the disk of the mesothorax, and the sides of the
+scutellum and postscutellum deep purple. Abdomen: the middle of the
+basal segment, the second and third segments at their base, broadly
+purple; the apical margin of the third tinged with purple; wings
+subfuscous, with their base hyaline. The head and thorax coarsely and
+closely punctured, the abdomen finely so; the tarsi with the claws
+unidentate.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Genus <span class="smcap">Chrysis</span>, <i>Linn.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Chrysis purpurea.</span> <i>C.</i> l&aelig;te purpurea, capite, thorace abdominisque
+basi rugosis punctatis, segmentis abdominis secundo et tertio delicatule
+punctatis, apice quadridentato.</p>
+
+<p>Length 3 lines. Bright purple; the head, thorax, and base of the abdomen
+strongly and coarsely punctured, the rest of the abdomen finely
+punctured; the disk of the thorax and apical margins of the segments of
+the abdomen reflecting bright tints of green; the wings subhyaline, the
+nervures dark fuscous; the apical margin of the third segment of the
+abdomen with four teeth, the two central ones approximating, separated
+by a deep notch, the lateral teeth more distant, separated from the
+others by a wide emargination.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Chrysis Insularis.</span> <i>C.</i> nigro-purpurea, violaceo et viridi lavata;
+capite, thorace abdominisque basi rude punctatis.</p>
+
+<p>Length 5 lines. Dark purple, with violet and green reflections; the
+face, legs, and thorax beneath, green; wings slightly fuscous, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span>
+iridescent; the head and thorax closely and coarsely punctured; the base
+of the abdomen roughly punctured, the two following segments much more
+finely so; the apical segment armed with six teeth, the outer ones
+subacute.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Chrysis sumptuosa.</span> <i>C.</i> fortiter punctata, metallico-viridis auro
+lavata; thoracis disco, abdominis segmentis secundo et tertio basi
+purpureis; segmento apicali margine integro.</p>
+
+<p>Length 3&frac14; lines. Golden-green; the thorax at the sides and
+posteriorly with bright coppery effulgence; an oblong purple spot on the
+disk of the thorax; the metathorax and its lateral teeth vivid green,
+the vertex and prothorax splashed with gold. Abdomen: the basal segment
+bright green, with a bright coppery or golden effulgence at the sides;
+the second segment purple at the base, coppery at the apex, and with a
+suffusion of green between these tints; the third segment is similarly
+coloured, with the apical margin entire; the insect closely and strongly
+punctured throughout.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<p class="intro"><a name="Description_of_a_new_Genus_of_Crustacea_of_the_Family_Pinnotheridae_in" id="Description_of_a_new_Genus_of_Crustacea_of_the_Family_Pinnotheridae_in"></a>Description of a new Genus of Crustacea, of the Family Pinnotherid&aelig;; in
+which the fifth pair of legs are reduced to an almost imperceptible
+rudiment. By <span class="smcap">Thomas Bell</span>, Esq., Pres. L. S.</p>
+
+<p class="read">[Read June 3rd, 1858.]</p>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. PINNOTHERID&AElig;, <i>Edwards</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Genus <span class="smcap">Amorphopus</span>, <i>Bell</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p><span class="smcap">Char. Gen.</span>:&mdash;Corpus subcylindricum. Testa semicircularis, margine
+posteriore recto.&mdash;<i>Antenn&aelig; extern&aelig; minim&aelig;</i>, articulo basali orbitam
+subtus partim claudente.&mdash;<i>Antennularum fossul&aelig;</i> transvers&aelig;, continu&aelig;,
+et ab orbitis haud separat&aelig;.&mdash;<i>Pedipalpi externi</i> articulo quarto ovato,
+palpo tri-articulato, ad angulum antico-interiorem articuli quarti
+inserto.&mdash;Oris apertura antice arcuata.&mdash;<i>Orbit&aelig;</i> apert&aelig;, margine
+inferiore carente, superiore integro.&mdash;<i>Oculi</i> transversim
+positi.&mdash;<i>Pedes antici</i> robusti, in&aelig;quales; <i>pedum paria secundum,
+tertium et quartum</i> longa, subcompressa; <i>par quintum</i> exiguum,
+simplicissimum, rudimentarium, in incisura articuli basalis paris quarti
+insertum.&mdash;<i>Abdomen</i> <span class="smcap">MARIS</span> segmentis tertio cum quarto, et quinto cum
+sexto coalitis; <span class="smcap">F&oelig;min&aelig;</span>?</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">Sp. unica. <i>Amorphopus cylindraceus</i>, mihi.</p>
+
+<p><i>Description.</i>&mdash;The body is nearly cylindrical, somewhat depressed, the
+carapace very much curved from the point to the back, quite<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> straight
+from side to side; the anterior and lateral margins forming nearly a
+semicircle, the posterior margin straight; the orbits are deeply cut in
+the anterior margin of the carapace, looking upwards; the inferior
+margin wanting; the oral aperture much arched anteriorly; the external
+footjaws with the third articulation somewhat rhomboid, the fourth
+irregularly oval, and the palpi three-jointed, inserted at its anterior
+and inner angle. Epistome extremely small, transversely linear; the
+external antenn&aelig; placed directly beneath the orbits, the basal joints
+partly filling them beneath. The antennules folded transversely in large
+open foss&aelig;, which are scarcely at all separated from each other, and are
+open to the orbits, the eyes lying transversely; the peduncles short and
+thick; the sternum is semicircular, the segments separated by very deep
+grooves; the abdomen very long and narrow, the first and second joint
+transversely linear, the third and fourth united and forming a triangle
+truncated anteriorly at the articulation of the portion formed by the
+fifth and sixth joints united, and which with the seventh form a very
+narrow and linear piece extending forwards to the posterior margin of
+the oral aperture; the first pair of legs robust, unequal (the right
+being the larger in the only specimen at present observed); the hand in
+each as broad as it is long; that of the smaller conspicuously
+tuberculated, that of the larger much less so; the former with the
+fingers nearly meeting throughout their length, those of the latter only
+at the tips; the second, third, and fourth pairs of legs are long,
+somewhat compressed, the third joint tuberculated on the under side, the
+third pair the longest; the fifth pair is reduced to a mere rudiment, in
+the form of a minute tubercle inserted in a little notch at the base of
+the first joint of the fourth pair, and scarcely discernible by the
+naked eye.</p>
+
+<p><i>Observations.</i>&mdash;The relation of this genus to the Pinnotherid&aelig; is
+tolerably obvious, in the smallness of the antenn&aelig;, the direction and
+arrangement of the eyes, and particularly in the form of the oral
+aperture, and of the external footjaws. I shall not, however, enter upon
+the consideration of these relations, as I am about shortly to offer to
+the Society a review and monograph of the whole of this family. The most
+remarkable peculiarity in the genus is the apparent absence of the fifth
+pair of legs, which can only be discovered to exist at all by
+examination with the help of a lens. In this respect I doubt not that
+the Fabrician genus <i>Hexapus</i>, adopted and figured by De Haan, will be
+found to agree with it, although it is very remarkable that the
+anomalous condition<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span> of this part never excited any particular attention
+on the part of either of these distinguished naturalists; and De Haan
+describes Fabricius's species, <i>Hexapus sexpes</i>, as if there were
+nothing especial or abnormal in a Decapod having only six pairs of legs
+besides the claws. Mr. White made a similar mistake on one occasion,
+when he described an anomourous genus allied to <i>Lithodes</i>, in which the
+fifth pair of legs were not visible; but when, at my suggestion, a more
+careful examination was made, they were found, as was anticipated, in a
+rudimentary form, concealed under the edge of the carapace. I believe
+that I can discover even in De Haan's figure something like a little
+tubercle at the base of the fourth leg, which is probably the
+rudimentary representative of the fifth.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<p class="intro"><a name="Death_of_the_Common_Hive_Bee_supposed_to_be_occasioned_by_a_parasitic" id="Death_of_the_Common_Hive_Bee_supposed_to_be_occasioned_by_a_parasitic"></a>Death of the Common Hive Bee, supposed to be occasioned by a parasitic
+Fungus. By the Rev. <span class="smcap">Henry Higgins</span>. Communicated by the President.</p>
+
+<p class="read">[Read June 3rd, 1858.]</p>
+
+
+<p class="first">On the 18th of March last, Timpron Martin, Esq., of Liverpool,
+communicated to me some circumstances respecting the death of a hive of
+bees in his possession, which induced me to request from him a full
+statement of particulars. Mr. Martin gave me the following account:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"In October last I had three hives of bees which I received into my
+house. Each doorway was closed, and the hive placed upon a piece of
+calico; the corners were brought over the top, leaving a loop by which
+the hive was suspended from the ceiling. The hives were taken down about
+the 14th of March; two were healthy, but all the bees in the third were
+dead. There was a gallon of bees. The two hives containing live bees
+were much smaller; but in each of them were dead ones. Under whatever
+circumstances you preserve bees through the winter, dead ones are found
+at the bottom, in the spring. The room, an attic, was dry; and I had
+preserved the same hives in the same way during the winter of 1856. In
+what I may call the dead hive there was an abundance of honey when it
+was opened; and it is clear that its inmates did not die for want. It is
+not a frequent occurrence for bees so to die; but I have known another
+instance. In that case the hive was left out in the ordinary way, and
+possibly cold was the cause of death. I think it probable that my bees
+died about a month before the 14th of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> March, merely from the
+circumstance that some one remarked about that time that there was no
+noise in the hive. They might have died earlier; but there were
+certainly live bees in the hive in January. I understand there was an
+appearance of mould on some of the combs. There was ample ventilation, I
+think; indeed, as the bees were suspended, they had more air than
+through the summer when placed on a stand."</p>
+
+<p>When the occurrence was first made known to me, I suggested that the
+bees might probably have died from the growth of a fungus, and requested
+some of the dead bees might be sent for examination. They were
+transmitted to me in a very dry state; and a careful inspection with a
+lens afforded no indications of vegetable growth. I then broke up a
+specimen, and examined the portions under a compound microscope, using a
+Nachet No. 4. The head and thorax were clean; but on a portion of the
+sternum were innumerable very minute, linear, slightly curved bodies,
+showing the well-known oscillatory or swarming motion. Notwithstanding
+the agreement of these minute bodies with the characters of the genus of
+<i>Bacterium</i> of the Vibrionia, I regarded them as spermatia, having
+frequently seen others undistinguishable from them under circumstances
+inconsistent with the presence of <i>Conferv&aelig;</i>, as in the interior of the
+immature peridia and sporangia of Fungals.</p>
+
+<p>In the specimen first examined there were no other indications of the
+growth of any parasite; but from the interior of the abdomen of a second
+bee I obtained an abundance of well-defined globular bodies resembling
+the spores of a fungus, varying in size from .00016 to .00012 in. Three
+out of four specimens subsequently examined contained similar spores
+within the abdomen. No traces of a mycelium were visible; the plants had
+come to maturity, fruited, and withered away, leaving only the spores.</p>
+
+<p>The chief question then remaining to be solved was as to the time when
+the spores were developed; whether before or after the death of the
+bees. In order, if possible, to determine this, I placed four of the
+dead bees in circumstances favourable for the germination of the spores,
+and in about ten days I submitted them again to examination. They were
+covered with mould, consisting chiefly of a species of <i>Mucor</i>, and one
+also of <i>Botrytis</i> or <i>Botryosporium</i>. These fungi were clearly
+extraneous, covering indifferently all parts of the insects, and
+spreading on the wood on which they were lying. On the abdomen of all
+the specimens, and on the clypeus of one of them, grew a fungus wholly
+unlike the surrounding<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> mould. It was white and very short, and
+apparently consisted entirely of spores arranged in a moniliform manner,
+like the fertile filaments of a stemless <i>Penicillium</i>. These spores
+resembled those found in the abdomen of the Bees, and proceeded I think,
+from them. The filaments were most numerous at the junction of the
+segments. The spores did not resemble the globules in <i>Sporendonema
+musc&aelig;</i> of the English Flora, neither were they apparently enclosed.</p>
+
+<p>The Rev. M. J. Berkeley, to whom I sent some of the bees, procured, by
+scraping the interior of the abdomen with a lancet, very minute, curved
+linear bodies from 1/8000 to 1/10000 in. long, which he compares to
+Vibrios. He also found mixed with them globular bodies, but no visible
+stratum of mould.</p>
+
+<p>From the peculiar position of the supposed spores within the abdomen of
+the bees, and from the subsequent growth of a fungus unlike any of our
+common forms of Mucedines, I think it probable that the death of the
+bees was occasioned by the presence of a parasitic fungus.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<p class="intro"><a name="Notice_of_the_occurrence_of_recent_Worm_Tracks_in_the_Upper_Part_of_the" id="Notice_of_the_occurrence_of_recent_Worm_Tracks_in_the_Upper_Part_of_the"></a>Notice of the occurrence of recent Worm Tracks in the Upper Part of the
+London Clay Formation near Highgate. By <span class="smcap">John W. Wetherell</span>. Communicated
+by <span class="smcap">James Yates</span>, Esq., M.A., F.L.S.</p>
+
+<p class="read">[Read June 3rd, 1858.]</p>
+
+
+<p class="first">The London clay is very tenacious, and near the surface is generally of
+a brown colour, probably owing to the decomposition of the iron pyrites
+which it contains. It abounds in selenite or sulphate of lime, and in
+nodules which often contain organic remains. Fossil wood with <i>Teredo
+antenaut&aelig;</i> is also met with, and pyritous casts of univalve and bivalve
+shells. Lower down the stratum becomes more compact and is of a bluish
+or blackish colour, and its fossil contents are in a fine state of
+preservation. During the last summer, while examining the London Clay in
+the vicinity of Highgate in search of fossils, my attention was directed
+to certain appearances in it which I could not account for. This led to
+a further examination, when I found they were produced by the borings of
+<i>Lumbrici</i> or earth-worms. These appearances consisted of long tubes
+passing nearly perpendicularly through the clay and terminating in
+receptacles or <i>nidi</i>, each tube leading to a separate receptacle. As
+these receptacles<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> occurred in large numbers, I had an opportunity of
+examining a great many of them with various results. In one instance, I
+found a dead worm coiled up; in another, a portion of a worm protruding
+into the lower part of the tube. Again, <i>nidi</i> were found partially
+filled with only the casts of worms, whilst others contained more or
+less of a species of Conferva; and, lastly, I obtained some with the
+cavities partially or wholly filled up. The receptacles varied in shape,
+from a sphere to an oval, and were extremely thin and fragile. They also
+varied in size from a pea to a nut. Externally they presented an
+appearance so singularly contorted, that I could not help considering
+they were moulded from the casts of worms. They did not appear to have
+any attachment to the surrounding clay, except at the point of junction
+with the tube; and the clay beneath them presented no unusual
+appearance.</p>
+
+<p>Internally they generally exhibited impressions of the worm; but
+occasionally I detected some of the round and contorted appearances
+which I have mentioned as being so conspicuous on the outside. I cannot
+speak with precision as to the length of the tubes, as the clay when
+examined had been broken up into large rough masses in digging for the
+foundations of houses. The largest noticed was about three inches long,
+and the general width one-eighth of an inch. They often run parallel to
+each other, but at unequal distances. I now have to notice what I
+consider a remarkable circumstance, namely, that all the tubes contained
+a solid cylinder of clay, and in every instance where the worms occurred
+under the circumstances above recorded, they were found to be dead.
+Researches of this kind are calculated to throw a light on some of those
+singular phenomena which geologists occasionally meet with in the older
+rocks.</p>
+
+<p>[<i>Mem.</i>&mdash;Several specimens of clay, containing the worm-tubes as above
+described, were exhibited to the meeting.]</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<p class="intro"><a name="Natural_History_Extracts_from_the_Journal_of_Captain_Denham_HM" id="Natural_History_Extracts_from_the_Journal_of_Captain_Denham_HM"></a>Natural History&mdash;Extracts from the Journal of Captain Denham, H.M.
+Surveying Vessel 'Herald,' 1857. Communicated by Captain <span class="smcap">Washington</span>,
+through the Secretary.</p>
+
+<p class="read">[Read June 3rd, 1858.]</p>
+
+
+<p class="first">We found upon the larger islands the small species of the Kangaroo,
+bearing the native name Wallaby (<i>Halmaturus Billardierii</i>),<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> which,
+when mixed with other meats, affords a fine-flavoured soup.</p>
+
+<p>On the islets are flocks of the Cape Banca goose, which Mr. Smith
+informed me were only to be found in these straits in the vicinity of
+Flinders Island, from Cape Banca to Cape Frankland (west about), and
+that they are readily domesticated, and hatch from three to seven eggs,
+and afford an acceptable dish. I obtained a live specimen, which Dr.
+Rayner of this ship describes thus:&mdash;"<i>Cereopsis Nov&aelig; Hollandi&aelig;</i>. Body
+about the size of a common goose; bill short, vaulted, obtuse,
+two-thirds of which is covered by an expanded cere of a pale
+greenish-yellow colour, the tip of the bill being black, arcuated, and
+truncated. Nostrils large, round, open, and situated in the middle of
+the bill. Wings ample, third quill longest. Legs long, light dull-red,
+and naked to a little above the knee. Feet black, webbed, the membrane
+being deeply notched, great toe articulated to the metatarsus. Plumage
+slate-grey, with black spots upon the wings and back. Wing-feathers
+dusky black, and edged at the tip with pale grey. Irides light hazel."</p>
+
+<p>We likewise obtained specimens of the following wildfowl:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Wildfowl specimens obtained.">
+<tr><th colspan="2"><span class="smcap">Aves.</span></th></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A Bronze-wing Pigeon,</td><td align='left'>Phaps elegans.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Quail,</td><td align='left'>Corturnix pectoralis (<i>Gould</i>).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Oyster-catcher,</td><td align='left'>H&aelig;matophus fuliginosus.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Ring Plover,</td><td align='left'>Hiaticula bicincta.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Wild Duck,</td><td align='left'>Anas punctata (<i>Cuvier</i>).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Great Gull,</td><td align='left'>Larus pacificus.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Lesser Gull,</td><td align='left'>Xema Jamesonii.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Mutton Bird,</td><td align='left'>Puffinus brevicaudus (<i>Brandt</i>).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Southern Gannet,</td><td align='left'>Sulu australis (<i>Gould</i>).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Small Penguin,</td><td align='left'>Spheniscus minor (<i>Temminck</i>).</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>The Mutton Bird we observed streaming from island to island; and I
+learnt from Mr. Benvenuto Smith the following particulars of its habits
+from his own observations.</p>
+
+<p>The male birds come in from sea in the month of September, and prepare
+the burrows for the reception of the hens. The hen bird does not make
+her appearance till about the 25th November, when she lays and sits at
+once.</p>
+
+<p>The Mutton Bird lays but one egg; they are employed rearing the young
+bird until the month of May, at which time the old birds leave the young
+ones to shift for themselves; the young birds remain in the burrows till
+they are starved down, and then<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span> set off to sea, and are not seen again
+amongst the islands till September. The cock and hen sit alternately
+night and day; and all the labour of providing for the young is equally
+shared.</p>
+
+<p>There are at this date about ninety people living on the small islands
+in "Franklin Inlet" who make a livelihood by gathering the oil,
+feathers, and eggs of the Mutton Bird.</p>
+
+<p>Upwards of 2000 gallons of the oil are extracted from the birds
+annually; and although 300,000 birds are known to be destroyed each
+year, they appear undiminished in numbers. The oil burns well, and is of
+a bright-red colour.</p>
+
+<p>I was presented by Mr. Smith with two Paper Nautilus shells (<i>Argonauta
+tuberculosa</i>) found on the shore of Flinders Island this season, a
+circumstance which he has remarked occurs but every seventh year, when
+many hundreds are thrown up: the shells are rarely obtained perfect, as
+they are extremely fragile, and the sea fowl pick the fish out of them.</p>
+
+<p>Our Botanic Collector, Mr. Milne, ascertained, from what he obtained
+himself and from what we could contribute from our individual visits to
+the islets, the existence of plants, which he believes to be indigenous,
+belonging to the following families and genera, viz.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="List of indigenous plants.">
+<tr><td align='left'>Amentace&aelig;.</td><td align='left'>Umbellifer&aelig;.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Asterace&aelig;.</td><td align='left'>Graminace&aelig;.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Rosace&aelig;.</td><td align='left'>Junce&aelig;.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Geraniace&aelig;.</td><td align='left'>Solanum.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Euphorbiace&aelig;.</td><td align='left'>Geranium.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Myrtace&aelig;.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>Testing the chances of fish refreshment at this anchorage, we found
+little encouragement for hook and line; but the two favouring
+opportunities which the weather allowed for hawling the seine produced
+as tabulated on opposite page.</p>
+
+<p>We found the Reef Islands in this sound so abundant in rabbits since
+Captain Stokes's forethought had set some loose upon them, that, in two
+visits of four hours with but four guns, 100 brace were brought on
+board.</p>
+
+<p>I took care to follow my esteemed brother officers' example and the
+system of introducing such productions, and obtained a dozen couple
+alive for letting loose in Shark Bay.</p>
+
+<p>[A coloured drawing of <i>Cereopsis Nov&aelig; Hollandi&aelig;</i> accompanied Captain
+Denham's observations.]<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span></p>
+
+<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Fish caught or netted.">
+<tr><th></th><th></th><th align="center" colspan="2">Trawl-seine, or hook and line.</th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th></tr>
+<tr><th>Locality.</th><th>How many hawls and phase of <img src="images/image039b.png" alt="moon" title="moon" /></th><th>Depth of water.</th><th>Nature of bottom.</th><th>Natural History Names.</th><th>Common Names.</th><th>No. of sorts.</th><th>Pounds weight.</th></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='left'>West side</td><td align='center'>6 hawls</td><td align='center' colspan="2">with seine.</td><td align='left'>Mugil</td><td align='left'>Mullet</td><td align='right'>23</td><td align='right'>28</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Flinders Isl.</td><td align='center'>... ...</td><td align='center'>1/2</td><td align='left'>... ...</td><td align='left'>Hemiramphus</td><td align='left'>Gar-fish</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>5</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Settlement</td><td align='center' rowspan="3"><img src="images/image039b.png" alt="half moon" title="half moon" /> 14&nbsp;days </td><td align='center' rowspan="3">1 fathom on a flat</td><td align='center' rowspan="3">Sand and weed</td><td align='left'>{Platycephalus</td><td align='left'>Flat-head, small</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>1</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Bay</td><td align='left'>{Raia</td><td align='left'>Sting Ray</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>29</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>H.W.F. &amp; C. <img src="images/image039c.png" alt="moon" title="moon" /> X. 30.</td><td align='left'>{Iulis</td><td align='left'>Small fish of the Basse family</td><td align='right'>Several</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Range 10 ft.</td><td align='center'>L.W.</td><td align='center'>... ...</td><td align='center'>... ...</td><td align='left'>Labrax</td><td align='left'>Basse</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>1</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' rowspan="2">East side of Hummock</td><td align='center'>7 hawls</td><td align='center' colspan="2">with seine (mar.).</td><td align='left'>{Myliobatis</td><td align='left'>Ray</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>375</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='center'><img src="images/image039a.png" alt="crescent moon" title="crescent moon" /></td><td align='center'>... ...</td><td align='center'>... ...</td><td align='left'>{Mugil</td><td align='left'>Mullet</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>30</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Island centre</td><td align='center'>26 days</td><td align='center'>1 to 3 fams.</td><td align='center'>Sandy beach</td><td align='left'>Platycephalus</td><td align='left'>Flat-head</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>2</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' rowspan="3">Bay</td><td align='center' rowspan="3">at 3/4 flood</td><td align='center' rowspan="3">... ...</td><td align='center' rowspan="3">... ...</td><td align='left'>{Siphyracus</td><td align='left'>Barracouta</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>1</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>{Scomberesox</td><td align='left'>Saury</td><td align='right'>27</td><td align='right'>17</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>{Sepioteuthis</td><td align='left'>Cuttlefish</td><td align='right'>Several</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="5"></td><td align='left'>Total</td><td align='right'>...</td><td align='right'>489</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<p class="intro"><a name="On_some_points_in_the_Anatomy_of_Nautilus_pompilius_By_T_H_Huxley" id="On_some_points_in_the_Anatomy_of_Nautilus_pompilius_By_T_H_Huxley"></a>On some points in the Anatomy of <i>Nautilus pompilius</i>. By <span class="smcap">T. H. Huxley</span>,
+F.R.S., Professor of Natural History, Government School of Mines.</p>
+
+<p class="read">[Read June 3rd, 1858.]</p>
+
+
+<p class="first">Some time ago my friend Dr. Sinclair, of New Zealand, had the kindness
+to offer me two specimens of the Pearly Nautilus which had been brought
+to him from New Caledonia, preserved in Goadby's solution. I gladly
+accepted the present, and looked forward to the dissection of the rare
+animal with no little pleasure; but on proceeding to examine one of the
+specimens, I found its anatomical value greatly diminished by the manner
+in which a deposit from the solution had glued together some of the
+internal viscera. Other parts of the Nautilus, however, were in a very
+good state of preservation; and I have noted down such novel and
+interesting peculiarities as they presented, in the hope that an account
+of them will be acceptable to the Linnean Society.</p>
+
+<p>Of the six apertures which, besides the genital and anal outlets, open
+into the branchial cavity of <i>Nautilus pompilius</i>, one on each side lies
+immediately above and in front of that fold of the inner wall of the
+mantle which forms the lower root of the smaller and inner gill, and
+encloses the branchial vein of that gill. The aperture is elongated and
+narrow, with rather prominent lips. It measures about 1/8th of an inch.</p>
+
+<p>The other two apertures are larger, and lie at a distance of 7/16ths of
+an inch below and behind the other. They are in close juxta-position,
+being separated only by a thin triangular fold of membrane, which
+constitutes the inner lip of the one and the outer lip of the other.</p>
+
+<p>The inner aperture is the larger, measuring 3/16ths of an inch in long
+diameter, and having the form of a triangle with its base directed
+posteriorly. The outer aperture is not more than 1/8th of an inch long.
+The two apertures lie just above the edge of the fold of membrane which
+runs from the inner root of the larger or outer branchia, across the
+branchial cavity and beneath the rectum, to the other side.</p>
+
+<p>These apertures lead into five sacs, which collectively constitute what
+has been described as the pericardium. The sacs into which the superior
+apertures open, by a short wide canal with folded walls, are situated on
+each side of and above the rectum. Their inner boundaries are separated
+by a space of not less than 5/8ths of an<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span> inch in width, in which lie
+the vena cava and the oviduct. Each cavity has a rounded circumference,
+and a transverse diameter of about half an inch. In a direction at right
+angles to this diameter the dimensions vary with its state of
+distension; but a quarter of an inch would be a fair average.</p>
+
+<p>The anterior or outer wall of the cavity is formed by the mantle; the
+posterior, inner, or visceral wall by a delicate membrane. The former
+separates it from the branchial cavity; the latter from the fifth sac,
+to be described by-and-by. I could find no natural aperture in the thin
+inner wall, so that I conceive no communication can take place between
+either of these sacs and the fifth sac.</p>
+
+<p>Two irregular, flattened, brownish, soft plates depend from the
+posterior wall of the sac into its cavity; their attached edges are
+fixed along a line which is directed from behind obliquely forwards and
+upwards.</p>
+
+<p>The outer and smaller of the inferior apertures on each side leads into
+a sac of similar dimensions and constitution to the preceding, but
+having a less rounded outline in consequence of its being flattened in
+one direction against its fellow of the opposite side, from which it is
+separated only by a delicate membranous wall, whilst on another side it
+is applied against the inferior wall of the superior sac, and is in like
+manner separated from it only by a thin and membranous partition.</p>
+
+<p>Like the upper sacs, each of these has two dark-brown, lamellar,
+glandular masses depending from its membranous visceral wall.</p>
+
+<p>A delicate, but broad, triangular membranous process, about 1/4th of an
+inch long, hangs down freely from the visceral wall of the cavity just
+behind the opening of the short canal which connects the sac with its
+aperture.</p>
+
+<p>The third and largest aperture on each side opens directly into a very
+large fifth cavity, whose boundary is formed anteriorly by the visceral
+walls of the sacs already described, and behind this by the mantle
+itself as far as the horny band which marks and connects the insertion
+of the shell-muscles.</p>
+
+<p>In fact this cavity may be said to be co-extensive with the attached
+part of the mantle,&mdash;the viscera, enclosed within their delicate
+"peritoneal" membranous coat, projecting into and nearly filling it, but
+nevertheless leaving a clear space between themselves and the delicate
+posterior wall of the mantle.</p>
+
+<p>A layer of the "peritoneal" membrane extends from the posterior edge of
+the muscular expansion which lies between the shell-muscles and from the
+upper wall of the dilatation of the vena cava,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span> and passes upwards and
+backwards like a diaphragm to the under surfaces of the gizzard and
+liver. It is traversed by the aorta, to whose coats it closely adheres.</p>
+
+<p>Along a line nearly corresponding with the horny band which proceeds
+from the insertions of the shell-muscles and encircles the mantle below,
+the pallial wall is produced inwards and forwards into a membranous fold
+or ligament, which I will call the pallio-visceral ligament; and this
+pallio-visceral ligament becoming attached to various viscera, divides
+the great fifth chamber into an anterior inferior, and a posterior
+superior portion, which communicate freely with one another.</p>
+
+<p>Commencing with its extreme right-hand end, the ligament is inserted
+into the line of reflection of the mantle, and then into the wall of the
+oviduct, which becomes enclosed as it were within the ligament. The
+latter then ends in a free edge on the inner side of the oviduct, and is
+continued along it until it reaches the inferior surface of the apex of
+the ovary, into which it is inserted.</p>
+
+<p>The free edge is arcuated; and the rectum passes over it, but is in no
+way connected with it.</p>
+
+<p>Here, therefore, is one great passage of communication between the
+anterior and posterior divisions of the fifth chamber.</p>
+
+<p>On the left side, this aperture is limited by the heart, whose posterior
+edge is, on the left side, connected by means of a ligamentous band with
+the surface of the apex of the ovary; but on the right, for the greater
+part of its extent, receives a process of the pallio-visceral ligament.
+Between the ovario-cardiac ligament and this process lies the small oval
+aperture already described by Professor Owen, which gives passage to the
+siphonal artery. It constitutes the middle aperture of communication
+between the two divisions of the fifth chamber.</p>
+
+<p>The left-hand end of the ligament is inserted into the upper wall of the
+dilated end of the vena cava; but between this point and the heart it
+has a free arcuated edge, as on the right side.</p>
+
+<p>Thus there are in reality three apertures of communication between the
+two divisions of the fifth chamber, the middle, by far the smallest,
+being alone hitherto known.</p>
+
+<p>A delicate membranous band passes from the whole length of the middle
+line of the rectum to the heart and to the ovary.</p>
+
+<p>The singular "pyriform appendage" of the heart lies in the left process
+of the ligament, its anterior edge nearly following the arcuated contour
+of that process.</p>
+
+<p>The siphuncular process of the mantle was broken in my specimen;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span> but
+its aperture appeared to communicate quite freely with the posterior
+division of the fifth chamber.</p>
+
+<p>Four sets of brownish, glandular-looking bodies depend into the anterior
+division of the fifth chamber, from parts of the delicate septa dividing
+this from the four small sacs, corresponding with the insertions of the
+glandular bodies above described.</p>
+
+<p>In fact, on distending the vena cava with air, it is found that the four
+branchial arteries traverse these septa, and that the appendages in
+question are diverticula of their walls. Consequently the anterior wall
+of each branchial vein is produced into two glandular appendages, which
+hang into one of the four smaller sacs, while the posterior wall is
+produced into a single mass of appendages, which hangs into the anterior
+division of the fifth chamber.</p>
+
+<p>Although, as I believe, the five chambers do not communicate directly,
+all the appendages must nevertheless be equally bathed with sea-water,
+which enters by the apertures of the chambers.</p>
+
+<p>An impacted yellowish-white concretionary matter filled the anterior
+chamber; and a small quantity of it lay as a fine powder at the bottom
+of the posterior one. In the latter, however, its presence might, by
+possibility, have been accidental. My colleague, Dr. Percy, who kindly
+undertook to examine this substance, informs me that he has been unable
+to detect uric acid in it. The follicular appendages of the branchial
+arteries present remarkable differences in their external appearance.
+The eight which hang into the four anterior chambers are similar,
+slightly festooned, but otherwise simple lamell&aelig;; while the four which
+depend into the posterior chambers are produced into a number of
+papillary processes. This external difference is obvious enough: whether
+it be accompanied by a corresponding discrepancy in minute structure I
+am unable to say; for I have not as yet been able to arrive at any
+satisfactory results from the microscopic examination of the altered
+tissues, and, as will be seen below, the only observer who has had the
+opportunity of examining the Nautilus in the fresh state has not noted
+any difference of structure in the two sets of follicles.</p>
+
+<p>One is naturally led to seek among other mollusks for a structure
+analogous to the vast posterior aquiferous chamber of the Nautilus; and
+it appears to me that something quite similar is offered by the
+<i>Ascidioida</i> and the <i>Brachiopoda</i>. In both cases, the viscera, inclosed
+within a delicate tissue, project into a large cavity communicating
+freely with the exterior by the cloacal aperture<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span> in the one case, and
+by the funnel-shaped channels which have been miscalled "hearts" in the
+other.</p>
+
+<p>The rudimentary renal organs of the Ascidian are developed in the walls
+of the cavity in question; and an aquiferous chamber of smaller
+dimensions has the same relation to the kidney in Lamellibranchiata&mdash;in
+Gasteropoda, Heteropoda, Pteropoda, and dibranchiate Cephalopoda. But
+although such is likely enough to be the case, we do not know at present
+that the aquiferous chambers in any of the last named mollusks attain an
+extension similar to that which obtains in Nautilus.</p>
+
+<p>On comparing the observations detailed above with the statements of
+previous writers, I find that, in his well-known "Memoir on the Pearly
+Nautilus" (1832), Professor Owen describes "on each side, at the roots
+of the branchi&aelig;," "a small mamillary eminence with a transverse slit
+which conducts from the branchial cavity into the pericardium. There is,
+moreover, a foramen at the lower part of the cavity (<i>o</i>, pl. 5)
+permitting the escape of a small vessel; and by the side of this vessel
+a free passage is continued between the gizzard and ovary into the
+membranous tube or siphon that traverses the divisions of the shell,
+thus establishing a communication between the interior of that tube and
+the exterior of the animal."</p>
+
+<p>The foramen here described is easily seen; but, as I have stated, there
+are other modes of communication between the so-called pericardium and
+the cavity with which the siphuncle communicates, of a far more
+extensive nature.</p>
+
+<p>With respect to the pericardium itself, Professor Owen states, "The
+peritoneum, after lining the cavity which contains the crop and liver,
+and enveloping those viscera, forms two distinct pouches at the bottom
+of the pallial sac, in one of which, the left, is contained the gizzard,
+and in the other the ovary; anterior to these, and on the ventral aspect
+of the liver, is another distinct cavity, of a square shape, which
+contains the heart and principal vessels, with the glandular appendages
+connected therewith." This is what the author terms the pericardium.</p>
+
+<p>As Van der Hoeven has pointed out, however, the gizzard lies to the
+right and the ovary to the left. Moreover, the gizzard is superior to
+the ovary, so as only to overlap it a little above; and I can find no
+evidence of the existence of such distinct pouches as those described.</p>
+
+<p>Professor Owen states that the branchi&aelig; "arise by a common peduncle from
+the inner surface of the mantle." My own observations,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span> however, and Van
+der Hoeven's figures, of both male and female, lead me to believe that
+the peduncles of the branchi&aelig; are perfectly distinct from one another.</p>
+
+<p>The follicles of the branchial arteries are thus described in the
+"Memoir on the Pearly Nautilus:"&mdash;"They are short and pyriform and
+closely set together. To each of the branchial arteries are appended
+three clusters of these glands, of which one is larger than the united
+volume of both the others; and the larger cluster is situated on one
+side of the vessel and the two smaller on the opposite side. Each of
+these clusters is contained in a membranous receptacle proper to itself,
+partitioned off, as it were, from the pericardium, but communicating
+with it.... The two canals which form the communication between the
+pericardium and the branchial cavity commence at the receptacle of the
+lesser cluster attached to the superior branchial arteries, and
+terminate at the papill&aelig; before mentioned, which are situated at the
+roots of the branchi&aelig;. The pericardium and these receptacles of the
+glands, when first laid open, were found filled with a coagulated
+substance so closely compacted as to require a careful removal, bit by
+bit, before the contained follicles and vessels could be brought into
+view."</p>
+
+<p>Like Valenciennes and Van der Hoeven, I have been unable to find any
+communication between the four sacs in which the small double clusters
+of follicles are contained, and the "pericardium;" and I hold it to be
+certain that the other four sets of follicles are not contained in sacs
+at all, but lie free in the "pericardium" or posterior chamber.</p>
+
+<p>No notice is here taken of the widely different characters of the
+anterior and posterior follicles; and the figure gives both a similar
+structure.</p>
+
+<p>Valenciennes ("Nouvelles Recherches sur le Nautile Flamb&eacute;," 'Archives du
+Mus&eacute;um,' ii., 1841) pointed out the existence of three pairs of
+apertures opening into the branchial sac, besides the genital and anal
+openings; and he affirms that they open into as many closed sacs, which
+communicate neither with one another nor with the cavity that contains
+the heart. M. Valenciennes indicates the difference in the structure of
+the anterior and posterior venous appendages. He seems to me to have
+seen something of the part which I have described as the pallio-visceral
+ligament; but I cannot clearly comprehend either his figure or his
+description.</p>
+
+<p>Van der Hoeven, in his 'Contributions to the Knowledge of the Animal of
+<i>Nautilus pompilius</i>,' 1850, confirmed the statement<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span> of Valenciennes
+with regard to the existence of three pairs of apertures; but he showed,
+in opposition to him, that one of these pairs of apertures communicated
+with the pericardium. The sacs into which the other two pairs open are,
+according to this anatomist, blind. In the aperture of the anterior
+blind sac he found a concretionary matter which he supposed to contain
+uric acid, but chemical analysis did not confirm the supposition. Van
+der Hoeven refers to some observations by Vrolik; but as these are in
+Dutch, and have not, so far as I can find, been translated into either
+French, German, or English, I know not what they may contain.</p>
+
+<p>In his more recent essay, translated in 'Wiegmann's Archiv' for 1857,
+under the title of "Beitrag zur Anatomie von <i>Nautilus pompilius</i>," Van
+der Hoeven states that he has again found hard concretions in the
+chamber enclosing the appendage of the anterior branchial artery, and
+that these on chemical analysis yielded phosphate of lime and traces of
+fat and albumen, but no uric acid.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Macdonald, in a valuable paper on the anatomy of <i>Nautilus
+umbilicatus</i>, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1855, thus
+describes the follicular appendages of the branchial arteries:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"These follicles are subcylindrical in form, somewhat dilated at the
+free extremity, to which is appended a folded and funnel-shaped process
+of membrane, which expands rather suddenly, presenting a jagged and
+irregular border. They open by a smooth and oval or slit-like, orifice
+into the afferent pulmonary vessels, on each of which, as Professor Owen
+has observed, they are disposed in three clusters. The outer membrane is
+smooth and glassy, homogeneous in structure and sprinkled over with
+minute rounded and transparent bodies, probably the nuclei of cells.
+Beneath this layer, flat bundles of fibres, apparently muscular, are
+traceable here and there, principally disposed in a longitudinal
+direction, and sometimes branched. The lining membrane consists of a
+loose epithelial pavement in many respects similar to that of the
+uriniferous tubules of the higher animals, the cells containing, besides
+the nuclei, numerous minute oil-globules, or a substance much resembling
+concrete fatty matter. This membrane is thrown up into an infinite
+number of papill&aelig; and corrugations, so as to augment the extent of
+surface considerably. The papill&aelig; are more numerous at the inner part or
+towards the attached end; and a circlet of longitudinally disposed folds
+radiate from the bottom of the follicles, in which a number of small
+pits or fenestrations are sometimes visible. The sides of these folds
+are wrinkled<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span> transversely so as to present a median zigzag elevation.
+The funnel-shaped membranous process above noticed is continuous with
+the lining membrane, consisting of an extension of the same epithelial
+pavement; but the cells are somewhat larger and more regular in form.
+The cavity of each follicle, therefore, communicates with the exterior
+through the centre of this process; and the aperture is thus guarded by
+a kind of circular valve, permitting the escape of secreted matter, but
+effectually preventing the entrance of fluid from without."</p>
+
+<p>In his fig. 9, pl. xv., Mr. Macdonald depicts certain "crystalline
+bodies often occurring within the follicles."</p>
+
+<p>From what Mr. Macdonald states, one would be led to conclude that all
+the follicles have the same structure; but I suspect this to be an
+oversight.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 383px;">
+<img src="images/image047.png" width="383" height="389" alt="Nautilus pompilius. Fig. 1."
+title="Nautilus pompilius. Fig. 1." />
+<p class="center">Nautilus pompilius. Fig. 1.</p>
+
+<div class="caption"><p>Viewed from the left side and a little behind.</p>
+
+<p>Two of the anterior chambers, and the fifth or posterior chamber, laid
+open. Natural size.</p>
+
+<p>a. Shell muscle. b. Ovary. c. Intestine. d. Heart; d&#39;. its
+pyriform appendage. e. Superior anterior chamber; e&#39;. its follicles.
+f. Inferior anterior chamber; f&#39;. its follicles. g. Posterior
+chamber; g&#39;. Follicles. h. Cut ends of branchial arteries. i.
+Termination of vena cava. k. Pallio-visceral ligament.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>In the second edition of Professor Owen's Lectures on the Invertebrata
+(1855), I find no mention of Valenciennes' discovery<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span> of the additional
+four apertures; but the author states that "on each side, at the roots
+of the anterior branchi&aelig;, there is a small mamillary eminence with a
+transverse slit, which conducts from the branchial cavity to one of the
+compartments of the pericardium containing two clusters of venous
+glands. There are also two similar, but smaller, slits, contiguous to
+one another, near the root of the posterior branchia on each side, which
+lead to and may admit sea-water into the compartments containing the
+posterior cluster of the venous follicles." In this work the ovary is
+not only described, but <i>figured</i>, on the right side of the gizzard. The
+figure, however, rightly places the greater part of the ovary below that
+organ.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 334px;">
+<img src="images/image048.png" width="334" height="319" alt="Nautilus pompilius. Fig. 2.
+" title="Nautilus pompilius. Fig. 2." />
+<p class="center">Nautilus pompilius. Fig. 2.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Natural Size.</p>
+
+<div class="caption"><p>The pallio-visceral ligament seen from below: torn on the right side to
+show the rectum and oviduct; cut through on the left side along the
+dotted line close to d&#39; in the preceding figure.</p>
+
+<p>a. Anus. b. Oviducal aperture. c. Heart. d. Left branchial
+veins. e. Right branchial veins. f. Oviduct cut through. g. Ovary.
+h. Rectum. i. Mantle. k k k. Pallio-visceral ligament; k&#39;. its
+torn portion. The oval &quot;aperture for the siphonal artery&quot; is seen to the
+left of c&#39;, and the right-hand style in Fig. 1 passes through it.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<p class="intro"><a name="On_the_Tendency_of_Species_to_form_Varieties_and_on_the_Perpetuation_of" id="On_the_Tendency_of_Species_to_form_Varieties_and_on_the_Perpetuation_of"></a>On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of
+Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection. By <span class="smcap">Charles Darwin</span>,
+Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., &amp; F.G.S., and <span class="smcap">Alfred Wallace</span>, Esq. Communicated by
+Sir <span class="smcap">Charles Lyell</span>, F.R.S., F.L.S., and <span class="smcap">J. D. Hooker</span>, Esq., M.D.,
+V.P.R.S., F.L.S., &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p class="read">[Read July 1st, 1858.]</p>
+
+<p style="text-align: right">London, June 30th, 1858.</p>
+
+
+<p class="first"><span class="smcap">My Dear Sir,</span>&mdash;The accompanying papers, which we have the honour of
+communicating to the Linnean Society, and which all relate to the same
+subject, viz. the Laws which affect the Production of Varieties, Races,
+and Species, contain the results of the investigations of two
+indefatigable naturalists, Mr. Charles Darwin and Mr. Alfred Wallace.</p>
+
+<p>These gentlemen having, independently and unknown to one another,
+conceived the same very ingenious theory to account for the appearance
+and perpetuation of varieties and of specific forms on our planet, may
+both fairly claim the merit of being original thinkers in this important
+line of inquiry; but neither of them having published his views, though
+Mr. Darwin has for many years past been repeatedly urged by us to do so,
+and both authors having now unreservedly placed their papers in our
+hands, we think it would best promote the interests of science that a
+selection from them should be laid before the Linnean Society.</p>
+
+<p>Taken in the order of their dates, they consist of:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>1. Extracts from a MS. work on Species<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a>, by Mr. Darwin, which was
+sketched in 1839, and copied in 1844, when the copy was read by Dr.
+Hooker, and its contents afterwards communicated to Sir Charles Lyell.
+The first Part is devoted to "The Variation of Organic Beings under
+Domestication and in their Natural State;" and the second chapter of
+that Part, from which we propose to read to the Society the extracts
+referred to, is headed, "On the Variation of Organic Beings in a state
+of Nature; on the Natural Means of Selection; on the Comparison of
+Domestic Races and true Species."</p>
+
+<p>2. An abstract of a private letter addressed to Professor Asa Gray, of
+Boston, U.S., in October 1857, by Mr. Darwin, in which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span> he repeats his
+views, and which shows that these remained unaltered from 1839 to 1857.</p>
+
+<p>3. An Essay by Mr. Wallace, entitled "On the Tendency of Varieties to
+depart indefinitely from the Original Type." This was written at Ternate
+in February 1858, for the perusal of his friend and correspondent Mr.
+Darwin, and sent to him with the expressed wish that it should be
+forwarded to Sir Charles Lyell, if Mr. Darwin thought it sufficiently
+novel and interesting. So highly did Mr. Darwin appreciate the value of
+the views therein set forth, that he proposed, in a letter to Sir
+Charles Lyell, to obtain Mr. Wallace's consent to allow the Essay to be
+published as soon as possible. Of this step we highly approved, provided
+Mr. Darwin did not withhold from the public, as he was strongly inclined
+to do (in favour of Mr. Wallace), the memoir which he had himself
+written on the same subject, and which, as before stated, one of us had
+perused in 1844, and the contents of which we had both of us been privy
+to for many years. On representing this to Mr. Darwin, he gave us
+permission to make what use we thought proper of his memoir, &amp;c.; and in
+adopting our present course, of presenting it to the Linnean Society, we
+have explained to him that we are not solely considering the relative
+claims to priority of himself and his friend, but the interests of
+science generally; for we feel it to be desirable that views founded on
+a wide deduction from facts, and matured by years of reflection, should
+constitute at once a goal from which others may start, and that, while
+the scientific world is waiting for the appearance of Mr. Darwin's
+complete work, some of the leading results of his labours, as well as
+those of his able correspondent, should together be laid before the
+public.</p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 4em;">We have the honour to be yours very obediently,</span><br />
+
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;"><span class="smcap">Charles Lyell.</span></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;"><span class="smcap">Jos. D. Hooker.</span></span><br />
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>J. J. Bennett, Esq.,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Secretary of the Linnean Society.</i></span><br />
+</p>
+
+
+<p class="intro">I. <i>Extract from an unpublished Work on Species, by</i> <span class="smcap">C. Darwin</span>, Esq.,
+<i>consisting of a portion of a Chapter entitled, "On the Variation of
+Organic Beings in a state of Nature; on the Natural Means of Selection;
+on the Comparison of Domestic Races and true Species.</i>"</p>
+
+<p>De Candolle, in an eloquent passage, has declared that all nature is at
+war, one organism with another, or with external nature.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span> Seeing the
+contented face of nature, this may at first well be doubted; but
+reflection will inevitably prove it to be true. The war, however, is not
+constant, but recurrent in a slight degree at short periods, and more
+severely at occasional more distant periods; and hence its effects are
+easily overlooked. It is the doctrine of Malthus applied in most cases
+with tenfold force. As in every climate there are seasons, for each of
+its inhabitants, of greater and less abundance, so all annually breed;
+and the moral restraint which in some small degree checks the increase
+of mankind is entirely lost. Even slow-breeding mankind has doubled in
+twenty-five years; and if he could increase his food with greater ease,
+he would double in less time. But for animals without artificial means,
+the amount of food for each species must, <i>on an average</i>, be constant,
+whereas the increase of all organisms tends to be geometrical, and in a
+vast majority of cases at an enormous ratio. Suppose in a certain spot
+there are eight pairs of birds, and that <i>only</i> four pairs of them
+annually (including double hatches) rear only four young, and that these
+go on rearing their young at the same rate, then at the end of seven
+years (a short life, excluding violent deaths, for any bird) there will
+be 2048 birds, instead of the original sixteen. As this increase is
+quite impossible, we must conclude either that birds do not rear nearly
+half their young, or that the average life of a bird is, from accident,
+not nearly seven years. Both checks probably concur. The same kind of
+calculation applied to all plants and animals affords results more or
+less striking, but in very few instances more striking than in man.</p>
+
+<p>Many practical illustrations of this rapid tendency to increase are on
+record, among which, during peculiar seasons, are the extraordinary
+numbers of certain animals; for instance, during the years 1826 to 1828,
+in La Plata, when from drought some millions of cattle perished, the
+whole country actually <i>swarmed</i> with mice. Now I think it cannot be
+doubted that during the breeding-season all the mice (with the exception
+of a few males or females in excess) ordinarily pair, and therefore that
+this astounding increase during three years must be attributed to a
+greater number than usual surviving the first year, and then breeding,
+and so on till the third year, when their numbers were brought down to
+their usual limits on the return of wet weather. Where man has
+introduced plants and animals into a new and favourable country, there
+are many accounts in how surprisingly few years the whole country has
+become stocked with them. This increase would<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span> necessarily stop as soon
+as the country was fully stocked; and yet we have every reason to
+believe, from what is known of wild animals, that <i>all</i> would pair in
+the spring. In the majority of cases it is most difficult to imagine
+where the checks fall&mdash;though generally, no doubt, on the seeds, eggs,
+and young; but when we remember how impossible, even in mankind (so much
+better known than any other animal), it is to infer from repeated casual
+observations what the average duration of life is, or to discover the
+different percentage of deaths to births in different countries, we
+ought to feel no surprise at our being unable to discover where the
+check falls in any animal or plant. It should always be remembered, that
+in most cases the checks are recurrent yearly in a small, regular
+degree, and in an extreme degree during unusually cold, hot, dry, or wet
+years, according to the constitution of the being in question. Lighten
+any check in the least degree, and the geometrical powers of increase in
+every organism will almost instantly increase the average number of the
+favoured species. Nature may be compared to a surface on which rest ten
+thousand sharp wedges touching each other and driven inwards by
+incessant blows. Fully to realize these views much reflection is
+requisite. Malthus on man should be studied; and all such cases as those
+of the mice in La Plata, of the cattle and horses when first turned out
+in South America, of the birds by our calculation, &amp;c., should be well
+considered. Reflect on the enormous multiplying power <i>inherent and
+annually in action</i> in all animals; reflect on the countless seeds
+scattered by a hundred ingenious contrivances, year after year, over the
+whole face of the land; and yet we have every reason to suppose that the
+average percentage of each of the inhabitants of a country usually
+remains constant. Finally, let it be borne in mind that this average
+number of individuals (the external conditions remaining the same) in
+each country is kept up by recurrent struggles against other species or
+against external nature (as on the borders of the Arctic regions, where
+the cold checks life), and that ordinarily each individual of every
+species holds its place, either by its own struggle and capacity of
+acquiring nourishment in some period of its life, from the egg upwards;
+or by the struggle of its parents (in short-lived organisms, when the
+main check occurs at longer intervals) with other individuals of the
+<i>same</i> or <i>different</i> species.</p>
+
+<p>But let the external conditions of a country alter. If in a small
+degree, the relative proportions of the inhabitants will in most cases
+simply be slightly changed; but let the number of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span> inhabitants be small,
+as on an island, and free access to it from other countries be
+circumscribed, and let the change of conditions continue progressing
+(forming new stations), in such a case the original inhabitants must
+cease to be as perfectly adapted to the changed conditions as they were
+originally. It has been shown in a former part of this work, that such
+changes of external conditions would, from their acting on the
+reproductive system, probably cause the organization of those beings
+which were most affected to become, as under domestication, plastic.
+Now, can it be doubted, from the struggle each individual has to obtain
+subsistence, that any minute variation in structure, habits, or
+instincts, adapting that individual better to the new conditions, would
+tell upon its vigour and health? In the struggle it would have a better
+<i>chance</i> of surviving; and those of its offspring which inherited the
+variation, be it ever so slight, would also have a better <i>chance</i>.
+Yearly more are bred than can survive; the smallest grain in the
+balance, in the long run, must tell on which death shall fall, and which
+shall survive. Let this work of selection on the one hand, and death on
+the other, go on for a thousand generations, who will pretend to affirm
+that it would produce no effect, when we remember what, in a few years,
+Bakewell effected in cattle, and Western in sheep, by this identical
+principle of selection?</p>
+
+<p>To give an imaginary example from changes in progress on an island:&mdash;let
+the organization of a canine animal which preyed chiefly on rabbits, but
+sometimes on hares, become slightly plastic; let these same changes
+cause the number of rabbits very slowly to decrease, and the number of
+hares to increase; the effect of this would be that the fox or dog would
+be driven to try to catch more hares: his organization, however, being
+slightly plastic, those individuals with the lightest forms, longest
+limbs, and best eyesight, let the difference be ever so small, would be
+slightly favoured, and would tend to live longer, and to survive during
+that time of the year when food was scarcest; they would also rear more
+young, which would tend to inherit these slight peculiarities. The less
+fleet ones would be rigidly destroyed. I can see no more reason to doubt
+that these causes in a thousand generations would produce a marked
+effect, and adapt the form of the fox or dog to the catching of hares
+instead of rabbits, than that greyhounds can be improved by selection
+and careful breeding. So would it be with plants under similar
+circumstances. If the number of individuals of a species with plumed
+seeds could be increased by greater powers of dissemination within its
+own area<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span> (that is, if the check to increase fell chiefly on the seeds),
+those seeds which were provided with ever so little more down, would in
+the long run be most disseminated; hence a greater number of seeds thus
+formed would germinate, and would tend to produce plants inheriting the
+slightly better-adapted down<a name="FNanchor_B_2" id="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Besides this natural means of selection, by which those individuals are
+preserved, whether in their egg, or larval, or mature state, which are
+best adapted to the place they fill in nature, there is a second agency
+at work in most unisexual animals, tending to produce the same effect,
+namely, the struggle of the males for the females. These struggles are
+generally decided by the law of battle, but in the case of birds,
+apparently, by the charms of their song, by their beauty or their power
+of courtship, as in the dancing rock-thrush of Guiana. The most vigorous
+and healthy males, implying perfect adaptation, must generally gain the
+victory in their contests. This kind of selection, however, is less
+rigorous than the other; it does not require the death of the less
+successful, but gives to them fewer descendants. The struggle falls,
+moreover, at a time of year when food is generally abundant, and perhaps
+the effect chiefly produced would be the modification of the secondary
+sexual characters, which are not related to the power of obtaining food,
+or to defence from enemies, but to fighting with or rivalling other
+males. The result of this struggle amongst the males may be compared in
+some respects to that produced by those agriculturists who pay less
+attention to the careful selection of all their young animals, and more
+to the occasional use of a choice mate.</p>
+
+
+<p class="center">II. <i>Abstract of a Letter from</i> <span class="smcap">C. Darwin</span>, Esq., <i>to</i> Prof. <span class="smcap">Asa Gray</span>,
+<i>Boston, U.S., dated Down, September 5th, 1857.</i></p>
+
+<p>1. It is wonderful what the principle of selection by man, that is the
+picking out of individuals with any desired quality, and breeding from
+them, and again picking out, can do. Even breeders have been astounded
+at their own results. They can act on differences inappreciable to an
+uneducated eye. Selection has been <i>methodically</i> followed in <i>Europe</i>
+for only the last half century; but it was occasionally, and even in
+some degree methodically, followed in the most ancient times. There must
+have been also a kind of unconscious selection from a remote period,
+namely in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span> the preservation of the individual animals (without any
+thought of their offspring) most useful to each race of man in his
+particular circumstances. The "roguing," as nurserymen call the
+destroying of varieties which depart from their type, is a kind of
+selection. I am convinced that intentional and occasional selection has
+been the main agent in the production of our domestic races; but however
+this may be, its great power of modification has been indisputably shown
+in later times. Selection acts only by the accumulation of slight or
+greater variations, caused by external conditions, or by the mere fact
+that in generation the child is not absolutely similar to its parent.
+Man, by this power of accumulating variations, adapts living beings to
+his wants&mdash;may be said to make the wool of one sheep good for carpets,
+of another for cloth, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>2. Now suppose there were a being who did not judge by mere external
+appearances, but who could study the whole internal organization, who
+was never capricious, and should go on selecting for one object during
+millions of generations; who will say what he might not effect? In
+nature we have some <i>slight</i> variation occasionally in all parts; and I
+think it can be shown that changed conditions of existence is the main
+cause of the child not exactly resembling its parents; and in nature
+geology shows us what changes have taken place, and are taking place. We
+have almost unlimited time; no one but a practical geologist can fully
+appreciate this. Think of the Glacial period, during the whole of which
+the same species at least of shells have existed; there must have been
+during this period millions on millions of generations.</p>
+
+<p>3. I think it can be shown that there is such an unerring power at work
+in <i>Natural Selection</i> (the title of my book), which selects exclusively
+for the good of each organic being. The elder De Candolle, W. Herbert,
+and Lyell have written excellently on the struggle for life; but even
+they have not written strongly enough. Reflect that every being (even
+the elephant) breeds at such a rate, that in a few years, or at most a
+few centuries, the surface of the earth would not hold the progeny of
+one pair. I have found it hard constantly to bear in mind that the
+increase of every single species is checked during some part of its
+life, or during some shortly recurrent generation. Only a few of those
+annually born can live to propagate their kind. What a trifling
+difference must often determine which shall survive, and which perish!</p>
+
+<p>4. Now take the case of a country undergoing some change. This will tend
+to cause some of its inhabitants to vary slightly&mdash;not<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span> but that I
+believe most beings vary at all times enough for selection to act on
+them. Some of its inhabitants will be exterminated; and the remainder
+will be exposed to the mutual action of a different set of inhabitants,
+which I believe to be far more important to the life of each being than
+mere climate. Considering the infinitely various methods which living
+beings follow to obtain food by struggling with other organisms, to
+escape danger at various times of life, to have their eggs or seeds
+disseminated, &amp;c. &amp;c., I cannot doubt that during millions of
+generations individuals of a species will be occasionally born with some
+slight variation, profitable to some part of their economy. Such
+individuals will have a better chance of surviving, and of propagating
+their new and slightly different structure; and the modification may be
+slowly increased by the accumulative action of natural selection to any
+profitable extent. The variety thus formed will either coexist with, or,
+more commonly, will exterminate its parent form. An organic being, like
+the woodpecker or misseltoe, may thus come to be adapted to a score of
+contingences&mdash;natural selection accumulating those slight variations in
+all parts of its structure, which are in any way useful to it during any
+part of its life.</p>
+
+<p>5. Multiform difficulties will occur to every one, with respect to this
+theory. Many can, I think, be satisfactorily answered. <i>Natura non facit
+saltum</i> answers some of the most obvious. The slowness of the change,
+and only a very few individuals undergoing change at any one time,
+answers others. The extreme imperfection of our geological records
+answers others.</p>
+
+<p>6. Another principle, which may be called the principle of divergence,
+plays, I believe, an important part in the origin of species. The same
+spot will support more life if occupied by very diverse forms. We see
+this in the many generic forms in a square yard of turf, and in the
+plants or insects on any little uniform islet, belonging almost
+invariably to as many genera and families as species. We can understand
+the meaning of this fact amongst the higher animals, whose habits we
+understand. We know that it has been experimentally shown that a plot of
+land will yield a greater weight if sown with several species and genera
+of grasses, than if sown with only two or three species. Now, every
+organic being, by propagating so rapidly, may be said to be striving its
+utmost to increase in numbers. So it will be with the offspring of any
+species after it has become diversified into varieties, or subspecies,
+or true species. And it follows, I think, from the foregoing facts, that
+the varying offspring of each species will try<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span> (only few will succeed)
+to seize on as many and as diverse places in the economy of nature as
+possible. Each new variety or species, when formed, will generally take
+the place of, and thus exterminate its less well-fitted parent. This I
+believe to be the origin of the classification and affinities of organic
+beings at all times; for organic beings always <i>seem</i> to branch and
+sub-branch like the limbs of a tree from a common trunk, the flourishing
+and diverging twigs destroying the less vigorous&mdash;the dead and lost
+branches rudely representing extinct genera and families.</p>
+
+<p>This sketch is <i>most</i> imperfect; but in so short a space I cannot make
+it better. Your imagination must fill up very wide blanks.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 30em;"><span class="smcap">C. Darwin.</span></span><br />
+</p>
+
+
+<p class="center">III. <i>On the Tendency of Varieties to depart indefinitely from the
+Original Type.</i> By <span class="smcap">Alfred Russell Wallace.</span></p>
+
+<p>One of the strongest arguments which have been adduced to prove the
+original and permanent distinctness of species is, that <i>varieties</i>
+produced in a state of domesticity are more or less unstable, and often
+have a tendency, if left to themselves, to return to the normal form of
+the parent species; and this instability is considered to be a
+distinctive peculiarity of all varieties, even of those occurring among
+wild animals in a state of nature, and to constitute a provision for
+preserving unchanged the originally created distinct species.</p>
+
+<p>In the absence or scarcity of facts and observations as to <i>varieties</i>
+occurring among wild animals, this argument has had great weight with
+naturalists, and has led to a very general and somewhat prejudiced
+belief in the stability of species. Equally general, however, is the
+belief in what are called "permanent or true varieties,"&mdash;races of
+animals which continually propagate their like, but which differ so
+slightly (although constantly) from some other race, that the one is
+considered to be a <i>variety</i> of the other. Which is the <i>variety</i> and
+which the original <i>species</i>, there is generally no means of
+determining, except in those rare cases in which the one race has been
+known to produce an offspring unlike itself and resembling the other.
+This, however, would seem quite incompatible with the "permanent
+invariability of species," but the difficulty is overcome by assuming
+that such varieties have strict limits, and can never again vary further
+from the original type, although they may return to it, which, from the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span>
+analogy of the domesticated animals, is considered to be highly
+probable, if not certainly proved.</p>
+
+<p>It will be observed that this argument rests entirely on the assumption,
+that <i>varieties</i> occurring in a state of nature are in all respects
+analogous to or even identical with those of domestic animals, and are
+governed by the same laws as regards their permanence or further
+variation. But it is the object of the present paper to show that this
+assumption is altogether false, that there is a general principle in
+nature which will cause many <i>varieties</i> to survive the parent species,
+and to give rise to successive variations departing further and further
+from the original type, and which also produces, in domesticated
+animals, the tendency of varieties to return to the parent form.</p>
+
+<p>The life of wild animals is a struggle for existence. The full exertion
+of all their faculties and all their energies is required to preserve
+their own existence and provide for that of their infant offspring. The
+possibility of procuring food during the least favourable seasons, and
+of escaping the attacks of their most dangerous enemies, are the primary
+conditions which determine the existence both of individuals and of
+entire species. These conditions will also determine the population of a
+species; and by a careful consideration of all the circumstances we may
+be enabled to comprehend, and in some degree to explain, what at first
+sight appears so inexplicable&mdash;the excessive abundance of some species,
+while others closely allied to them are very rare.</p>
+
+<p>The general proportion that must obtain between certain groups of
+animals is readily seen. Large animals cannot be so abundant as small
+ones; the carnivora must be less numerous than the herbivora; eagles and
+lions can never be so plentiful as pigeons and antelopes; the wild asses
+of the Tartarian deserts cannot equal in numbers the horses of the more
+luxuriant prairies and pampas of America. The greater or less fecundity
+of an animal is often considered to be one of the chief causes of its
+abundance or scarcity; but a consideration of the facts will show us
+that it really has little or nothing to do with the matter. Even the
+least prolific of animals would increase rapidly if unchecked, whereas
+it is evident that the animal population of the globe must be
+stationary, or perhaps, through the influence of man, decreasing.
+Fluctuations there may be; but permanent increase, except in restricted
+localities, is almost impossible. For example, our own observation must
+convince us that birds do not go on increasing every year in a
+geometrical ratio, as they would do, were there not<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span> some powerful check
+to their natural increase. Very few birds produce less than two young
+ones each year, while many have six, eight, or ten; four will certainly
+be below the average; and if we suppose that each pair produce young
+only four times in their life, that will also be below the average,
+supposing them not to die either by violence or want of food. Yet at
+this rate how tremendous would be the increase in a few years from a
+single pair! A simple calculation will show that in fifteen years each
+pair of birds would have increased to nearly ten millions! whereas we
+have no reason to believe that the number of the birds of any country
+increases at all in fifteen or in one hundred and fifty years. With such
+powers of increase the population must have reached its limits, and have
+become stationary, in a very low years after the origin of each species.
+It is evident, therefore, that each year an immense number of birds must
+perish&mdash;as many in fact as are born; and as on the lowest calculation
+the progeny are each year twice as numerous as their parents, it follows
+that, whatever be the average number of individuals existing in any
+given country, <i>twice that number must perish annually</i>,&mdash;a striking
+result, but one which seems at least highly probable, and is perhaps
+under rather than over the truth. It would therefore appear that, as far
+as the continuance of the species and the keeping up the average number
+of individuals are concerned, large broods are superfluous. On the
+average all above <i>one</i> become food for hawks and kites, wild cats and
+weasels, or perish of cold and hunger as winter comes on. This is
+strikingly proved by the case of particular species; for we find that
+their abundance in individuals bears no relation whatever to their
+fertility in producing offspring. Perhaps the most remarkable instance
+of an immense bird population is that of the passenger pigeon of the
+United States, which lays only one, or at most two eggs, and is said to
+rear generally but one young one. Why is this bird so extraordinarily
+abundant, while others producing two or three times as many young are
+much less plentiful? The explanation is not difficult. The food most
+congenial to this species, and on which it thrives best, is abundantly
+distributed over a very extensive region, offering such differences of
+soil and climate, that in one part or another of the area the supply
+never fails. The bird is capable of a very rapid and long-continued
+flight, so that it can pass without fatigue over the whole of the
+district it inhabits, and as soon as the supply of food begins to fail
+in one place is able to discover a fresh feeding-ground. This example
+strikingly shows us that the procuring a constant supply<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span> of wholesome
+food is almost the sole condition requisite for ensuring the rapid
+increase of a given species, since neither the limited fecundity, nor
+the unrestrained attacks of birds of prey and of man are here sufficient
+to check it. In no other birds are these peculiar circumstances so
+strikingly combined. Either their food is more liable to failure, or
+they have not sufficient power of wing to search for it over an
+extensive area, or during some season of the year it becomes very
+scarce, and less wholesome substitutes have to be found; and thus,
+though more fertile in offspring, they can never increase beyond the
+supply of food in the least favourable seasons. Many birds can only
+exist by migrating, when their food becomes scarce, to regions
+possessing a milder, or at least a different climate, though, as these
+migrating birds are seldom excessively abundant, it is evident that the
+countries they visit are still deficient in a constant and abundant
+supply of wholesome food. Those whose organization does not permit them
+to migrate when their food becomes periodically scarce, can never attain
+a large population. This is probably the reason why woodpeckers are
+scarce with us, while in the tropics they are among the most abundant of
+solitary birds. Thus the house sparrow is more abundant than the
+redbreast, because its food is more constant and plentiful,&mdash;seeds of
+grasses being preserved during the winter, and our farm-yards and
+stubble-fields furnishing an almost inexhaustible supply. Why, as a
+general rule, are aquatic, and especially sea birds, very numerous in
+individuals? Not because they are more prolific than others, generally
+the contrary; but because their food never fails, the sea-shores and
+river-banks daily swarming with a fresh supply of small mollusca and
+crustacea. Exactly the same laws will apply to mammals. Wild cats are
+prolific and have few enemies; why then are they never as abundant as
+rabbits? The only intelligible answer is, that their supply of food is
+more precarious. It appears evident, therefore, that so long as a
+country remains physically unchanged, the numbers of its animal
+population cannot materially increase. If one species does so, some
+others requiring the same kind of food must diminish in proportion. The
+numbers that die annually must be immense; and as the individual
+existence of each animal depends upon itself, those that die must be the
+weakest&mdash;the very young, the aged, and the diseased,&mdash;while those that
+prolong their existence can only be the most perfect in health and
+vigour&mdash;those who are best able to obtain food regularly, and avoid
+their numerous enemies. It is, as we commenced by remarking, "a struggle
+for existence," in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span> which the weakest and least perfectly organized must
+always succumb.</p>
+
+<p>Now it is clear that what takes place among the individuals of a species
+must also occur among the several allied species of a group,&mdash;viz. that
+those which are best adapted to obtain a regular supply of food, and to
+defend themselves against the attacks of their enemies and the
+vicissitudes of the seasons, must necessarily obtain and preserve a
+superiority in population; while those species which from some defect of
+power or organization are the least capable of counteracting the
+vicissitudes of food, supply, &amp;c., must diminish in numbers, and, in
+extreme cases, become altogether extinct. Between these extremes the
+species will present various degrees of capacity for ensuring the means
+of preserving life; and it is thus we account for the abundance or
+rarity of species. Our ignorance will generally prevent us from
+accurately tracing the effects to their causes; but could we become
+perfectly acquainted with the organization and habits of the various
+species of animals, and could we measure the capacity of each for
+performing the different acts necessary to its safety and existence
+under all the varying circumstances by which it is surrounded, we might
+be able even to calculate the proportionate abundance of individuals
+which is the necessary result.</p>
+
+<p>If now we have succeeded in establishing these two points&mdash;1st, <i>that
+the animal population of a country is generally stationary, being kept
+down by a periodical deficiency of food, and other checks</i>; and, 2nd,
+<i>that the comparative abundance or scarcity of the individuals of the
+several species is entirely due to their organization and resulting
+habits, which, rendering it more difficult to procure a regular supply
+of food and to provide for their personal safety in some cases than in
+others, can only be balanced by a difference in the population which
+have to exist in a given area</i>&mdash;we shall be in a condition to proceed to
+the consideration of <i>varieties</i>, to which the preceding remarks have a
+direct and very important application.</p>
+
+<p>Most or perhaps all the variations from the typical form of a species
+must have some definite effect, however slight, on the habits or
+capacities of the individuals. Even a change of colour might, by
+rendering them more or less distinguishable, affect their safety; a
+greater or less development of hair might modify their habits. More
+important changes, such as an increase in the power or dimensions of the
+limbs or any of the external organs, would more or less affect their
+mode of procuring food or the range of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span> country which they inhabit. It
+is also evident that most changes would affect, either favourably or
+adversely, the powers of prolonging existence. An antelope with shorter
+or weaker legs must necessarily suffer more from the attacks of the
+feline carnivora; the passenger pigeon with less powerful wings would
+sooner or later be affected in its powers of procuring a regular supply
+of food; and in both cases the result must necessarily be a diminution
+of the population of the modified species. If, on the other hand, any
+species should produce a variety having slightly increased powers of
+preserving existence, that variety must inevitably in time acquire a
+superiority in numbers. These results must follow as surely as old age,
+intemperance, or scarcity of food produce an increased mortality. In
+both cases there may be many individual exceptions; but on the average
+the rule will invariably be found to hold good. All varieties will
+therefore fall into two classes&mdash;those which under the same conditions
+would never reach the population of the parent species, and those which
+would in time obtain and keep a numerical superiority. Now, let some
+alteration of physical conditions occur in the district&mdash;a long period
+of drought, a destruction of vegetation by locusts, the irruption of
+some new carnivorous animal seeking "pastures new"&mdash;any change in fact
+tending to render existence more difficult to the species in question,
+and tasking its utmost powers to avoid complete extermination; it is
+evident that, of all the individuals composing the species, those
+forming the least numerous and most feebly organized variety would
+suffer first, and, were the pressure severe, must soon become extinct.
+The same causes continuing in action, the parent species would next
+suffer, would gradually diminish in numbers, and with a recurrence of
+similar unfavourable conditions might also become extinct. The superior
+variety would then alone remain, and on a return to favourable
+circumstances would rapidly increase in numbers and occupy the place of
+the extinct species and variety.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>variety</i> would now have replaced the <i>species</i>, of which it would
+be a more perfectly developed and more highly organized form. It would
+be in all respects better adapted to secure its safety, and to prolong
+its individual existence and that of the race. Such a variety <i>could
+not</i> return to the original form; for that form is an inferior one, and
+could never compete with it for existence. Granted, therefore, a
+"tendency" to reproduce the original type of the species, still the
+variety must ever remain preponderant in numbers, and under adverse
+physical conditions <i>again alone survive</i>.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span> But this new, improved, and
+populous race might itself, in course of time, give rise to new
+varieties, exhibiting several diverging modifications of form, any of
+which, tending to increase the facilities for preserving existence,
+must, by the same general law, in their turn become predominant. Here,
+then, we have <i>progression and continued divergence</i> deduced from the
+general laws which regulate the existence of animals in a state of
+nature, and from the undisputed fact that varieties do frequently occur.
+It is not, however, contended that this result would be invariable; a
+change of physical conditions in the district might at times materially
+modify it, rendering the race which had been the most capable of
+supporting existence under the former conditions now the least so, and
+even causing the extinction of the newer and, for a time, superior race,
+while the old or parent species and its first inferior varieties
+continued to flourish. Variations in unimportant parts might also occur,
+having no perceptible effect on the life-preserving powers; and the
+varieties so furnished might run a course parallel with the parent
+species, either giving rise to further variations or returning to the
+former type. All we argue for is, that certain varieties have a tendency
+to maintain their existence longer than the original species, and this
+tendency must make itself felt; for though the doctrine of chances or
+averages can never be trusted to on a limited scale, yet, if applied to
+high numbers, the results come nearer to what theory demands, and, as we
+approach to an infinity of examples, become strictly accurate. Now the
+scale on which nature works is so vast&mdash;the numbers of individuals and
+periods of time with which she deals approach so near to infinity, that
+any cause, however slight, and however liable to be veiled and
+counteracted by accidental circumstances, must in the end produce its
+full legitimate results.</p>
+
+<p>Let us now turn to domesticated animals, and inquire how varieties
+produced among them are affected by the principles here enunciated. The
+essential difference in the condition of wild and domestic animals is
+this,&mdash;that among the former, their well-being and very existence depend
+upon the full exercise and healthy condition of all their senses and
+physical powers, whereas, among the latter, these are only partially
+exercised, and in some cases are absolutely unused. A wild animal has to
+search, and often to labour, for every mouthful of food&mdash;to exercise
+sight, hearing, and smell in seeking it, and in avoiding dangers, in
+procuring shelter from the inclemency of the seasons, and in providing
+for the subsistence and safety of its offspring. There is no muscle of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span>
+its body that is not called into daily and hourly activity; there is no
+sense or faculty that is not strengthened by continual exercise. The
+domestic animal, on the other hand, has food provided for it, is
+sheltered, and often confined, to guard it against the vicissitudes of
+the seasons, is carefully secured from the attacks of its natural
+enemies, and seldom even rears its young without human assistance. Half
+of its senses and faculties are quite useless; and the other half are
+but occasionally called into feeble exercise, while even its muscular
+system is only irregularly called into action.</p>
+
+<p>Now when a variety of such an animal occurs, having increased power or
+capacity in any organ or sense, such increase is totally useless, is
+never called into action, and may even exist without the animal ever
+becoming aware of it. In the wild animal, on the contrary, all its
+faculties and powers being brought into full action for the necessities
+of existence, any increase becomes immediately available, is
+strengthened by exercise, and must even slightly modify the food, the
+habits, and the whole economy of the race. It creates as it were a new
+animal, one of superior powers, and which will necessarily increase in
+numbers and outlive those inferior to it.</p>
+
+<p>Again, in the domesticated animal all variations have an equal chance of
+continuance; and those which would decidedly render a wild animal unable
+to compete with its fellows and continue its existence are no
+disadvantage whatever in a state of domesticity. Our quickly fattening
+pigs, short-legged sheep, pouter pigeons, and poodle dogs could never
+have come into existence in a state of nature, because the very first
+step towards such inferior forms would have led to the rapid extinction
+of the race; still less could they now exist in competition with their
+wild allies. The great speed but slight endurance of the race horse, the
+unwieldy strength of the ploughman's team, would both be useless in a
+state of nature. If turned wild on the pampas, such animals would
+probably soon become extinct, or under favourable circumstances might
+each lose those extreme qualities which would never be called into
+action, and in a few generations would revert to a common type, which
+must be that in which the various powers and faculties are so
+proportioned to each other as to be best adapted to procure food and
+secure safety,&mdash;that in which by the full exercise of every part of his
+organization the animal can alone continue to live. Domestic varieties,
+when turned wild, <i>must</i> return to something near the type of the
+original wild stock, <i>or become altogether extinct</i>.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>We see, then, that no inferences as to varieties in a state of nature
+can be deduced from the observation of those occurring among domestic
+animals. The two are so much opposed to each other in every circumstance
+of their existence, that what applies to the one is almost sure not to
+apply to the other. Domestic animals are abnormal, irregular,
+artificial; they are subject to varieties which never occur and never
+can occur in a state of nature: their very existence depends altogether
+on human care; so far are many of them removed from that just proportion
+of faculties, that true balance of organization, by means of which alone
+an animal left to its own resources can preserve its existence and
+continue its race.</p>
+
+<p>The hypothesis of Lamarck&mdash;that progressive changes in species have been
+produced by the attempts of animals to increase the development of their
+own organs, and thus modify their structure and habits&mdash;has been
+repeatedly and easily refuted by all writers on the subject of varieties
+and species, and it seems to have been considered that when this was
+done the whole question has been finally settled; but the view here
+developed renders such an hypothesis quite unnecessary, by showing that
+similar results must be produced by the action of principles constantly
+at work in nature. The powerful retractile talons of the falcon- and the
+cat-tribes have not been produced or increased by the volition of those
+animals; but among the different varieties which occurred in the earlier
+and less highly organized forms of these groups, <i>those always survived
+longest which had the greatest facilities for seizing their prey</i>.
+Neither did the giraffe acquire its long neck by desiring to reach the
+foliage of the more lofty shrubs, and constantly stretching its neck for
+the purpose, but because any varieties which occurred among its
+antitypes with a longer neck than usual <i>at once secured a fresh range
+of pasture over the same ground as their shorter-necked companions, and
+on the first scarcity of food were thereby enabled to outlive them</i>.
+Even the peculiar colours of many animals, especially insects, so
+closely resembling the soil or the leaves or the trunks on which they
+habitually reside, are explained on the same principle; for though in
+the course of ages varieties of many tints may have occurred, <i>yet those
+races having colours best adapted to concealment from their enemies
+would inevitably survive the longest</i>. We have also here an acting cause
+to account for that balance so often observed in nature,&mdash;a deficiency
+in one set of organs always being compensated by an increased
+development of some others&mdash;powerful wings accompanying weak<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span> feet, or
+great velocity making up for the absence of defensive weapons; for it
+has been shown that all varieties in which an unbalanced deficiency
+occurred could not long continue their existence. The action of this
+principle is exactly like that of the centrifugal governor of the steam
+engine, which checks and corrects any irregularities almost before they
+become evident; and in like manner no unbalanced deficiency in the
+animal kingdom can ever reach any conspicuous magnitude, because it
+would make itself felt at the very first step, by rendering existence
+difficult and extinction almost sure soon to follow. An origin such as
+is here advocated will also agree with the peculiar character of the
+modifications of form and structure which obtain in organized
+beings&mdash;the many lines of divergence from a central type, the increasing
+efficiency and power of a particular organ through a succession of
+allied species, and the remarkable persistence of unimportant parts such
+as colour, texture of plumage and hair, form of horns or crests, through
+a series of species differing considerably in more essential characters.
+It also furnishes us with a reason for that "more specialized structure"
+which Professor Owen states to be a characteristic of recent compared
+with extinct forms, and which would evidently be the result of the
+progressive modification of any organ applied to a special purpose in
+the animal economy.</p>
+
+<p>We believe we have now shown that there is a tendency in nature to the
+continued progression of certain classes of <i>varieties</i> further and
+further from the original type&mdash;a progression to which there appears no
+reason to assign any definite limits&mdash;and that the same principle which
+produces this result in a state of nature will also explain why domestic
+varieties have a tendency to revert to the original type. This
+progression, by minute steps, in various directions, but always checked
+and balanced by the necessary conditions, subject to which alone
+existence can be preserved, may, it is believed, be followed out so as
+to agree with all the phenomena presented by organized beings, their
+extinction and succession in past ages, and all the extraordinary
+modifications of form, instinct, and habits which they exhibit.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ternate, February, 1858.</span><br />
+</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> This MS. work was never intended for publication, and
+therefore was not written with care.&mdash;C. D. 1858.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_2" id="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> I can see no more difficulty in this, than in the planter
+improving his varieties of the cotton plant.&mdash;C. D. 1858.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr />
+<p class="intro"><a name="Contributions_to_the_Anatomy_and_Natural_History_of_the_Cetacea_By_R" id="Contributions_to_the_Anatomy_and_Natural_History_of_the_Cetacea_By_R"></a>Contributions to the Anatomy and Natural History of the Cetacea. By <span class="smcap">R.
+Knox</span>, Esq., M.D., F.R.S.E. Communicated by the Secretary.</p>
+
+<p class="read">[Received Oct. 6, 1857.]</p>
+
+
+<p class="center">Part I. <span class="smcap">The Dolphins.</span></p>
+
+<p class="first">The dissection of the Cetacea, and more especially of the larger kinds,
+is attended with great difficulty, and not unfrequently entails heavy
+expenses on those who attempt it. For these reasons I have thought that
+zoologists might be pleased to have, even now, submitted to them the
+results of numerous dissections made many years ago, when, not stinted
+in means, and having the aid of excellent assistants, I attempted the
+dissection even of the gigantic Arctic Rorqual, the largest, perhaps, of
+all living beings. Certain of the details have been from time to time
+laid before the public, but in an extremely scattered and incomplete
+form, and without the illustrations (artistic), which explain so much
+better than any verbal description. The greater part is still before me
+in manuscript. It is my intention in the following contributions to
+endeavour to connect them together, adding to those already published
+many facts I find in MSS. The original drawings, made by my brother and
+by Messrs. Edward Forbes and Henry Goodsir (who were at that time my
+students and assistants), are still in my possession.</p>
+
+<p><i>Determination of Species.</i>&mdash;The determination of species as regards the
+<i>Cetacea</i> is one of much difficulty; Cuvier met this difficulty by an
+appeal to anatomy. The number of vertebr&aelig; composing the vertebral column
+(exclusive of the cephalic) seemed to me a tolerably secure guide in the
+determination of species,&mdash;being aware, however, that some doubted the
+method, believing that the number of the vertebr&aelig; might vary, first,
+with the individual, secondly with the age of the specimen. I still
+continue to be of my original opinion, that the number of vertebr&aelig;
+comprising the vertebral column, properly so called, may safely be
+trusted in determining the species of the Cetacea; and with this view I
+drew up the following Table, excepting from it the genus <i>Dugong</i>, which
+I have never considered to be a Cetacean:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span>&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Tabular View of the Number of the Vertebr&aelig; in certain Cetacea.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">(Cephalic vertebr&aelig; excluded.)</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Tabular View of the Number of the Vertebr&aelig; in certain Cetacea.">
+<tr><th align='center'></th><th align='center' colspan="5">Authorities.</th></tr>
+<tr><th align='center'><span class="smcap">Species.</span></th><th align='center'><span class="smcap">Cuvier.</span></th><th align='center'><span class="smcap">Rudolphi.</span></th><th align='center'><span class="smcap">Knox.</span></th><th align='center'><span class="smcap">J. Hunter.</span></th><th align='center'><span class="smcap">Hunter</span> (Glasgow.)</th></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>1. <span class="smcap">Mysticetus.</span></td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Skeleton of the f&oelig;tus (the cervical reckoned as 7) of the <i>Mysticetus</i> <i>borealis</i>, Greenland</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>48</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Adult <i>Mysticetus</i>, Whale of Commerce.</td><td align='center'>unknown</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>B. Mysticetus</i> <i>australis</i>, True Whale of the Cape Seas</td><td align='center'>59</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>2. <span class="smcap">Bal&aelig;noptera.</span></td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Gigantic Northern Rorqual</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>65</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Specimen of Rorqual described by Rudolphi</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>54</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>B. rostrata</i> of Fabricius; on the authority of Van Beneden: A. Rorqual</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>48</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Great Whale at Antwerp. Van Beneden. Species not stated</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>61 or 62.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The lesser Rorqual of the North</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>48</td><td align='center'>46</td><td align='center'>46</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Great Rorqual of the Cape</td><td align='center'>52</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>3. <span class="smcap">Physeter.</span></td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Sperm Whale or Cachalot</td><td align='center'>60</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>4. <span class="smcap">Delphinus.</span></td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>D. Delphis</i></td><td align='center'>67</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>D. Delphis.</i> In my museum</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>81</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>D. Delphis.</i> In the Museum of Dr. R. Hunter, Glasgow</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>90</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>D. Delphis.</i> Dissected by John Hunter</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>60</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>D. Phoc&aelig;na</i></td><td align='center'>66</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>65</td><td align='center'>51</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>D. Ebsenii.</i> Van Beneden</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center'>90</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>In a late number of the 'Bulletins of the Royal Academy of Brussels' I
+find some valuable remarks in respect of these points by M. Van Beneden.
+He praises, and deservedly, no doubt, the exertions of M. Eschricht to
+collect a proper Museum of the Cetacea. It appears, according to M.
+Eschricht, that at no age whatever do we find in true whales (meaning, I
+presume, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span> <i>Mysticetus borealis</i> and <i>australis</i>) any distinct
+vertebr&aelig; in the cervical region as in other mammals. A fusion of all
+into one bone or cartilage seems to take place even in the youngest
+f&oelig;tus. In the f&oelig;tus examined by me of this species (a specimen
+removed from the uterus of a true <i>Mysticetus</i> killed in the Greenland
+seas), I do not recollect the precise appearance of the cervical
+vertebr&aelig;; but the skeleton is in existence, and shall be referred to. To
+the skeleton of the Rorqual now in the Museum at Antwerp, and which
+seems to me of the same species as the one I dissected in Scotland (and
+of which the skeleton, prepared with infinite care by my brother and
+myself, was presented by me to the Town Council of Edinburgh, and is now
+preserved in the Zoological Gardens of the same city), he gives the
+following vertebr&aelig;:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Numbers of vertebrae in the Museum at Antwerp">
+<tr><td align='left'>Skeleton of the Rorqual at Antwerp&mdash;</td><td>Cervical</td><td align='left'>&nbsp;&nbsp;7</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td align='left'>Dorsal</td><td align='left'>14-15</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td align='left'>Lumbar</td><td align='left'>15</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td align='left'>Caudal</td><td align='left'>25<a name="FNanchor_C_3" id="FNanchor_C_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_3" class="fnanchor">[C]</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td align='left'>Total</td><td align='left'>61 or 62</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>In the skeleton of the Great Rorqual now in the Zoological Gardens at
+Edinburgh, and originally dissected and prepared by my brother and
+myself, these vertebr&aelig; are&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Numbers of vertebrae in the Zoological Gardens at Edinburgh">
+<tr><td align='left'>Cervical</td><td align='right'>7</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Dorsal</td><td align='right'>15</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Lumbar and Caudal</td><td align='right'>43</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Total</td><td align='right'>65</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>In that of the Lesser Rorqual I dissected in 1830, the skeleton of which
+I think is still preserved in the Museum of the University of Edinburgh,
+we found&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Numbers of vertebrae in the Museum of the University of Edinburgh">
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Vertebr&aelig;.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Cervical</td><td align='right'>7</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Dorsal</td><td align='right'>11</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Lumbar</td><td align='right'>13</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Caudal</td><td align='right'>17</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Total</td><td align='right'>48</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>The specimen was that of a young animal, and of the same species,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span> I
+believe, as the one described by Mr. Hunter and Fabricius; it is a
+distinct species, and not merely the young of the Great Rorqual.</p>
+
+<p>I shall return to the Dugong, as not being a Cetacean, in a future
+Section: its skeleton has been examined in a masterly way by De
+Blainville, an anatomist and observer of the highest order, since the
+time I wrote and published my Memoir on the Dugong.</p>
+
+<p>The first great step in the anatomy of the Cetacea is unquestionably due
+to Cuvier; but his dissections were almost confined to the genus
+<i>Delphinus</i>, or the common Porpoise of our coasts. I repeated all his
+dissections, and found them, as they almost always were, scrupulously
+exact; but when I came to examine Cetacea with whalebone instead of
+teeth, I was surprised to find how different, in fact, the anatomy of
+the two great families was. Scarcely in any great natural family do we
+find Cuvier's favourite theory of anatomical and physiological
+co-relations so entirely at fault as in the Cetacea. The teeth or
+whalebone, as natural-history characters, lead to no results; the whole
+structure of the interior defies all <i>&agrave;-priori</i> reasoning. The brain in
+whalebone-whales does not fill the interior of the cranium; so that the
+capacity of the one is no measure of the solid bulk of the other. Their
+food is various, having no relation to the teeth or buccal appendages;
+vascular structures surround the spinal marrow, and extend in the
+<i>Bal&aelig;nopter&aelig;</i> into the cavity of the cranium, which seem to be without
+any analogy in other mammals, or, at the least, a very obscure one, and
+whose functions are wholly unknown.</p>
+
+<p>Cetacea might with some propriety be divided into whales with whalebone,
+and whales with teeth. Those with whalebone have rudimentary teeth in
+both jaws in the f&oelig;tal state. Fossil Cetacea exist, and they seem to
+have been of both kinds, but, no doubt, were generically and
+specifically distinct from the recent. Judging from the remains of those
+I have seen, I am inclined to think that those with teeth were of a
+stronger and firmer build in the skeleton than those called recent; that
+the neck was longer, and the caudal portion of the column shorter than
+in the recent kinds, and that they approached the Saurians in form.
+There is a remarkable want of symmetry in the crania of some of the
+Cetacea; but most remarkable is the cranium of the Narwhal. Of this fact
+I have already spoken, in the article published in the Transactions of
+the Royal Society of Edinburgh.</p>
+
+<p><i>Delphinus Phoc&aelig;na. Dissection of a small Cetacean sent to me from
+Orkney in the month of May 1835.</i>&mdash;This species is said to abound on the
+coasts, and to furnish a kind of fishery to the inhabitants.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span> On
+dissection we found 81 vertebr&aelig;, exclusive of the cephalic. The species
+must be quite distinct from those previously and subsequently examined
+by myself and many others, in which the number of vertebr&aelig; ranged from
+61 to 66. It is also, I think, distinct from the specimen I saw in Dr.
+R. Hunter's Museum in Glasgow, in which the number of vertebr&aelig; was 90,
+exclusive of the cephalic in all the cases. Thus it stands with regard
+to the Cetacea called Porpoises and Dolphins.</p>
+
+<p>In certain species of <i>Delphinus</i> the vertical column is composed of 61
+vertebr&aelig;, in others of 65, in others of 66, in others of 81, in others
+of 90.</p>
+
+<p>The specimen I now describe was, no doubt, that of a young animal; and
+the skeleton was prepared, consequently, as a natural one. This method
+has the advantage of security against the loss of any important osseous
+structures, which too frequently happens when the bones require to be
+macerated. The bones contained little oil, and weighed, head included,
+only 7&frac14; lbs.; the whole animal, when entire, weighed 14 stone, or 196
+lbs.; the skeleton therefore was about a twenty-fourth part of the whole
+weight. It was a female. The external nostrils terminated in a single
+orifice of a semilunar shape, with the concavity turned towards the
+snout. Measurements of young animals have not the importance of those of
+the adult; but I give them here because I think that the specimen,
+although young, had nearly attained its full growth:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Description by measurement of Delphinus">
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>ft.</td><td align='right'>in.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Total length over the dorsum</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>5-2/8</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Total length lateral surface</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>11-2/8</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Total length abdominal surface</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>11-2/8</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>From the snout to the nostrils</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='right'>11-4/8</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>From the nostrils to the dorsal fin</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>6-4/8</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Base of the dorsal fin</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='right'>11&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>From dorsal fin to foot of tail</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>0-2/8</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Breadth of pectoral limb</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='right'>4-4/8</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>From the snout to the organs of generation</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>9-4/8</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Circumference anterior to the arm</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>9&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Circumference anterior to dorsal fin</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>2-4/8</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Circumference posterior to dorsal fin</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>10&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Circumference at setting on of the tail</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='right'>8-4/8</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Length of pectoral limb</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='right'>10&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Breadth of tail</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Greatest height of the dorsal fin</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='right'>9&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>From the notes taken at the time, I find that my brother remarks that
+the Dolphin of Orkney differed a good deal in shape from those found in
+the Forth and seas in the South of Scotland. There were, moreover, 16
+more vertebr&aelig; than in the skeleton of the Common Porpoise of authors.
+The teeth generally weighed 2&frac12; grains each.</p>
+
+<p>Further, the muscles of the tongue, intrinsic as well as extrinsic, were
+extremely well developed. The isthmus faucium was 3 inches long. All
+this part was extremely glandular. A well-marked muscular gullet
+followed, composed of two layers of muscular fibres,&mdash;one circular
+internally, and one longitudinal externally. These latter sent a slip to
+the base of the aryt&aelig;noid cartilages. The mucous membrane of the gullet
+had no true epidermic covering, and in this respect differed remarkably
+from the first gastric compartment, from which a cuticular lining could
+be peeled off, as strong as that from the sole of the foot in man. The
+larynx presented that organization so well described by the illustrious
+Cuvier, and which I believe to be peculiar to the whales with teeth. It
+differs very much, as I explained long ago, in its arrangement from that
+of Whalebone Whales,&mdash;a fact of which I think Cuvier was not aware. The
+cricoid cartilage was imperfect in form; the hyo-epiglottic muscles very
+strong. The proper aryt&aelig;noid were present, and strong, but did not
+extend so high as in man; the thyro-aryt&aelig;noid muscles were very fully
+developed. In the interior of the larynx there were no projections nor
+ventricles, no cuneiform cartilages, nor cornicula laryngis. The rings
+of the trachea formed complete circles.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stomach.</i>&mdash;The cuticular lining is limited to the first cavity or
+compartment. It is in the second compartment that is found the curious
+glandular arrangement first, I believe, described by me in the
+'Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.' This structure is most
+probably not limited to the second compartment. There are four distinct
+compartments in the stomach of this animal. A dilated duodenum follows,
+6 inches in length. It is possible that this may have been in some
+instances mistaken for a stomach. The valvul&aelig; conniventes commence with
+the jejunum; these are longitudinal, and extend to within about 6 inches
+of the anus, terminating at a point where the intestine seems enlarged.
+The length of the intestines, large and small, was 90 feet;
+circumference generally about 2 inches. Thousands and tens of thousands
+of parasitical worms were found in the stomach, but none in the
+intestine. In the stomach also we found four mandibles of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span> the
+cuttlefish, but no remains of anything in the intestines, and no
+parasites.</p>
+
+<p><i>Heart and Vessels.</i>&mdash;The heart weighed exactly one pound. The
+Eustachian valve was small, that of Thebesius imperfect. The aorta
+proceeded for about 3 inches of its course before giving off any
+branches. At a point corresponding to the 15th or 16th lumbar vertebra
+the vessel divided into the common iliacs. The <i>art. sacri media</i>, its
+continuation, continued its course protected by the V-bones, and giving
+off branches corresponding to the intervertebral spaces.</p>
+
+<p><i>Brain and Nervous System.</i>&mdash;The erectile tissue surrounding the spinal
+cord and origin of the spinal nerves in the Cetacea did not extend into
+the interior of the cranium. The entire encephalic mass weighed 2&frac12;
+lbs.: cerebrum, 2 lbs.; cerebellum, &frac14;; pons and medulla, &frac14; = 2&frac12;.
+Compared with a drawing of Camper of the <i>Delphinus Phoc&aelig;na</i>, the brain
+was found to differ remarkably, in being much broader in the line of the
+middle and posterior lobes. In no animal did I ever find the fibrous
+structure of the brain so well marked; and this extended to the
+cerebellum<a name="FNanchor_D_4" id="FNanchor_D_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_4" class="fnanchor">[D]</a>. I give here some measurements of the brain, which may be
+of use to future observers. The brain is short from before backwards,
+but broad transversely:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Measurements of the brain">
+<tr><td align='left'>Antero-posterior diameter</td><td align='right'>5-2/8</td><td align='left'>inches.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Breadth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>inches.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Greatest breadth of the cerebellum</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>inches.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Length of the cerebellar hemisphere</td><td align='right'>4-6/8</td><td align='left'>inches.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Depth of ditto</td><td align='right'>3-2/8</td><td align='left'>inches.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Weight of the encephalic mass</td><td align='right'>2&frac12;</td><td align='left'>lbs.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Depth of the interhemispherical fissure</td><td align='right'>1-2/8</td><td align='left'>inches.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Length of the corpus callosum</td><td align='right'>1-7/8</td><td align='left'>inches.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Weight of cerebrum</td><td align='right'>2}</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Weight of cerebellum</td><td align='right'>0&frac14;}</td><td align='left'>= 2&frac12; lbs.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Weight of the pons and med. oblongata</td><td align='right'>0&frac14;}</td><td></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p><i>Nerves.</i>&mdash;The 7th pair was found to be unexpectedly large and firm,
+including both portions. The anterior roots of the spinal nerves were
+far more numerous than the posterior or dorsal.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Muscles.</i>&mdash;The panniculus carnosus, strong and fleshy, extended nearly
+over the whole trunk. The recti abdominis were powerful, and attached
+inferiorly in this way:&mdash;A portion runs to the pelvic bones; a much
+stronger to a strong aponeurosis, situated between the anus and the root
+of the tail.</p>
+
+<p>The erector muscles of the spine (sacrolumbalis, longissimus dorsi and
+multifidus spin&aelig;) weighed fully 16 lbs. They had but slender costal
+attachments; but their spinal (small delicate tendons) were innumerable.
+The scaleni were very large; and the vessels held the same relation to
+them as in man. The serratus magnus was comparatively small. The larger
+rhomboid had no spinal attachment; the minor rhomboid seemed to be the
+larger of the two. The pectorals were comparatively small. The adipose
+tissue appeared to be wholly confined to the subcutaneous region. The
+muscles were of a deep brown colour, full of blood, with a short, dark,
+and well-flavoured fibre: when cooked, they had a strong resemblance in
+flavour and taste to the flesh of the hare.</p>
+
+
+<p class="center">Part II. <span class="smcap">The Bal&aelig;na Whales, or Whales with Whalebone.</span></p>
+
+<p>In February 1834 a young whale of the family of Bal&aelig;na Whales was caught
+near the Queensferry, in the Firth of Forth. One much larger had been
+seen some time before, but escaped. I purchased it for dissection,
+although I was aware that it was impossible for me, during the hurry of
+the winter session, to devote much time to it. But I had able assistants
+(Mr. Henry Goodsir, Mr. Edward Forbes, and my brother), from whom I
+expected a good deal of aid. Some very beautiful drawings of this whale,
+made for me by Mr. Edward Forbes and by my brother, are still in my
+possession.</p>
+
+<p>It was easy to see, by the dorsal fin and by the numerous plaits or
+folds on the abdominal surface of the throat and chest, before any
+dissection, that the specimen was a young Bal&aelig;nopterous whale, differing
+in a great many points from the true whale or <i>Mysticetus</i>: for, 1st,
+the form of the head was entirely different; 2nd, it had a dorsal fin;
+and, 3rd, occupying the lower surface of the throat and thorax were
+numerous folds of the integuments. To this class of whales I have been
+in the habit of giving the name of Rorqual, to distinguish them from the
+other class of Whalebone Whales, the <i>Mysticetus</i> both <i>borealis</i> and
+<i>australis</i>.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>It appears from my notes, that at that time M. G. Cuvier considered the
+species I now describe as identical with the Great Rorqual I had
+described about two years previously; but I felt convinced then, as now,
+that they form distinct species, and in this opinion some continental
+anatomists seem to coincide.</p>
+
+<p>Being persuaded that there was some inaccuracy in former drawings of the
+species, I had the specimen suspended and drawn with great care by Mr.
+Edward Forbes. This position explained the mechanism of the mouth,
+showing its great size, even in the short Bal&aelig;na Whales; its great
+capacity in the <i>Mysticetus</i> had never been doubted.</p>
+
+<p>As to the species, the conclusion I arrived at was, that the specimen
+belonged to that termed by Fabricius <i>rostrata</i>, and that individuals of
+the species had been seen by John Hunter, Sir James Watson, and
+Fabricius.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="1" summary="Whale measurements">
+<tr><td align='center' colspan="2"><i>Measurements.</i></td><td align='right'>ft.</td><td align='right'>in.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Total length of the specimen</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>11</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Circumference immediately behind the pectoral extremities</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>2</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Circumference where the folds or rug&aelig; terminated</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>8&frac14;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Ditto of the tail at its origin</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>5&frac12;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Length from the back fin to the setting on of the tail</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>10</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Length from the snout to the ear</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>0</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Length from snout to nostrils</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>4</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Length of lower jaw</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>3</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Length of arm; inner side</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>3</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Length from the angle of the mouth to the arm</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>3</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Length from snout to arm</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>9</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Length of tail in depth</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='right'>11</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Length of back fin at the base</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='right'>8</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Height of back fin</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='right'>8&frac12;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">From top to tip of tail</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>8&frac12;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Stomach:&mdash;1st compartment, in length</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>2</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>2nd compartment, in length</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>4</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>3rd compartment, in length</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='right'>8</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>4th compartment, in length</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='right'>7</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>5th compartment, in length</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='right'>3</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Spleen weighed 4 ounces; its length was</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='right'>5</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="4">Liver, 9 lbs.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Small intestines, length</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>0</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Large intestines, length</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>4</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="4">Kidney, weight 2&frac14; lbs.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="4">Brain (including 2 inches of spinal marrow), 3&frac12; lbs.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="4">Cerebellum, pons, and 2 inches of spinal marrow, &frac34; lb.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="4">Great hemisphere of the brain measured 3 inches in length, in breadth, 6&frac12;; at the base, 8 inches.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Tuber annulare</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='right'>1-2/8</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Olfactory nerves, in length</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='right'>1&frac12;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Ditto, breadth</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='right'>2&frac12;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Skeleton:&mdash;Length of cranium</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>11</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Greatest breadth between the orbits</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>3</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Length of vertebral column</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>8</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>When we compare the skeleton of this Rorqual with the Gigantic Rorqual I
+also dissected, we find as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Comparative measurements">
+<tr><td align='right'></td><td></td><td align='right'><i>R. giganteus.</i></td><td></td><td align='right'><i>R. minor.</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Cervical</td><td align='right'>vertebr&aelig;</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>vertebr&aelig;</td><td align='right'>7</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Dorsal</td><td align='right'>15</td><td></td><td align='right'>11</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan="2">Lumbar, sacral, caudal</td><td align='right'>43</td><td></td><td align='right'>30</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'></td><td></td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;</td><td></td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'></td><td></td><td align='right'>65</td><td></td><td align='right'>48</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>These differences must be specific.</p>
+
+<p>At the extremity of the snout in either jaw there were 8 strong
+bristles, being the only vestiges of hair found on the external surface.
+The mouth was of great size; the tongue large and tolerably free, and of
+a pale rose or vermilion colour. The baleen, where deepest, measured
+about 4 inches; there were 370 plates on each side; but anteriorly and
+posteriorly these plates were reduced to mere bristles.</p>
+
+<p>The isthmus faucium allowed the closed hand to pass through it; through
+this isthmus I do not believe that any water ever passes into the
+pharynx, unless it be accidentally, as in man. The "spout" of the
+Whalebone Whale is composed, no doubt, of the pulmonary vapour, and not
+of any water received into the pharynx from the mouth.</p>
+
+<p>The stomach seemed composed of five compartments externally, but
+presented only four when laid open, the fifth being manifestly the
+duodenum. In the intestines no remains of food were found, but abundance
+of intestinal worms, and a substance strongly resembling the human
+meconium. There was an ilio-c&aelig;cal valve as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span> distinct as in man. In the
+rectum the folds of the mucous membrane were transverse.</p>
+
+<p><i>Organs of Respiration</i>.&mdash;The external nostrils were double; and the
+cavities of the nostrils provided with the remarkable cartilages and
+muscular apparatus I discovered and described in the anatomy of the
+Great Rorqual. In this specimen they were about 4 inches in length, but
+of as many feet in the large Rorqual. The mode of breathing in the
+Rorquals does not differ much from that in man, with the exception of
+the apparatus of the protruding cartilages, which in man are
+rudimentary.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Olfactory Nerves</i> were quite as large as in other mammals; and in
+this respect the Bal&aelig;na Whales are quite unlike the Dolphins<a name="FNanchor_E_5" id="FNanchor_E_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_E_5" class="fnanchor">[E]</a>.</p>
+
+<p>The trachea communicated, near its upper part, with a sac or pouch; the
+lungs were each composed of a single lobe. The rings of the trachea were
+mostly deficient anteriorly. In the heart the f&oelig;tal arrangements had
+wholly disappeared. The dura mater seemed divisible into three layers,
+the external being vascular. A remarkable vascular substance connected
+with this layer covers the back part of the brain and cerebellum,
+extending into the spinal canal, and even into the chest. At the base of
+the brain the vascular plexus was about 2 inches in thickness. It is, as
+is well known, a sort of erectile tissue, of whose functions we are
+wholly ignorant. It is not confined to this course, but extends to the
+neck, and, passing through the foramina intervertebralia, fills the
+intercostal spaces exterior to the pleura.</p>
+
+<p>There was evidently a canal in the centre of the spinal marrow. Wherever
+the nerves of the lungs and stomach were traced, they terminated in
+loops. We did not observe in the Great Rorqual any tracheal pouch like
+that in the smaller; but it may have escaped notice: if absent in the
+Great Rorqual, it would be another proof of the distinctness of the
+species.</p>
+
+<p>The doubts raised by M. St. Hilaire, as to the Whale being a mammal in
+the true sense of the term, were set aside long ago by an appeal to
+facts. The young of the Whale tribe suckle like the young of all
+mammals; nevertheless I showed, in 1834, that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span> the lactiferous glands in
+the <i>Bal&aelig;nopter&aelig;</i> differ in structure from the same organs in most
+mammals.</p>
+
+<p>I do not find in my notes anything to add to the description of the
+Great Rorqual already published in the 'Transactions of the Royal
+Society of Edinburgh' for 1827, to which I beg leave to refer the
+reader.</p>
+
+<p>A single remark must be added regarding the nature of the vascular
+plexus which, in the Cetacea, surrounds the spinal marrow, and extends
+into the chest. On selecting the artery which seemed to form the plexus,
+which was, if I rightly recollect, in this instance an intercostal
+artery, and dissecting it under water, I found, to my surprise, that the
+artery, so long as I followed it, never gave off any branches, but
+continued of the same calibre throughout, making innumerable
+flexuosities or turnings. Thus, on a plexiform mass of this kind being
+cut across, the first impression is, that a great number of arterial
+branches or arteries have been divided, whilst in fact the entire plexus
+seems to be formed of one artery.</p>
+
+<p>As was to be expected of animals so much withdrawn from human
+observation, there is but little to say on the natural history of the
+Cetacea properly so called. Their food, no doubt, is various, and seems
+to have little or no relation to the character of their dentition. The
+enormous Cachalot, with its vast teeth implanted only in one jaw, is
+generally understood to prey chiefly on the Cuttlefish. The food of the
+true Whale, or <i>Mysticetus</i>, is well known to be the Clio and other
+smaller Mollusca, with which certain regions of the ocean abound; the
+same, or similar, is probably the food of the more active and restless
+Rorquals, found in both hemispheres. The Dolphins, or Toothed Whales,
+generally prey, no doubt, on fishes of various kinds; yet, even as
+regards these, it has been proved by my esteemed friend, the late Mr.
+Henry Goodsir, that some of the largest, following in the wake of the
+herring shoals, prey not on these, but on the various microscopic food
+(the Entomostraca and other marine animals) which I was the first to
+prove to be the natural food of many excellent gregarious freshwater
+fish, as the Vendace, Early Loch Leven Trout, the Brown Trout of the
+Highland and Scottish lakes generally, and of the Herring itself<a name="FNanchor_F_6" id="FNanchor_F_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_F_6" class="fnanchor">[F]</a>. It
+is scarcely necessary to add, that the complex apparatus connected with
+the exterior<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span> nostrils of the Dolphins is wholly wanting in the Bal&aelig;na
+Whales,&mdash;a fact of which M. Cuvier was not aware when he wrote his
+celebrated Treatise on Comparative Anatomy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Appendix</i>.&mdash;Since writing the above, I have received an answer to a
+letter I addressed to my friend, John Goodsir, Esq., Professor of
+Anatomy in the University of Edinburgh. The request contained in my
+letter to Mr. Goodsir was, to examine for me the skeleton of a f&oelig;tal
+<i>Mysticetus</i> now in the University Museum. The f&oelig;tus from which this
+skeleton was prepared was removed from the uterus of the mother, killed
+in the North Seas by the seamen of a whaling ship, by one of my former
+students, Mr. R. Auld, who presented the specimen to me. The point at
+issue was the composition of the cervical vertebr&aelig; in the true or
+Greenland Whale, the <i>Bal&aelig;na Mysticetus</i>. M. Van Beneden, to whose
+memoir I have referred in the commencement of this, says, on the
+authority of Eschricht, that at no age whatever do we find in true
+Whales (meaning, I presume, the <i>Mysticetus borealis</i> and <i>australis</i>)
+any distinct vertebr&aelig; in the cervical region, as in other mammals. A
+fusion of all into one bone or cartilage seems to take place even in the
+youngest f&oelig;tus. Now, I had enjoyed the rare opportunity of dissecting
+the f&oelig;tus of the <i>Mysticetus</i>, and I knew that the skeleton, prepared
+with the greatest care, was still preserved in the Museum of the
+University of Edinburgh. I wrote to Mr. Goodsir to re-examine this point
+for me, for I did not find in my notes any confirmation of the
+observations of Eschricht. Mr. Goodsir's reply to my note is as
+follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<p class="quotsig">
+"University, Edinburgh,<br />
+Sept. 30, 1857.</p>
+
+<p class="first">"<span class="smcap">My dear Sir</span>,
+</p>
+
+<p>"In the skeleton of the f&oelig;tal <i>Mysticetus</i> now in the University
+Museum, the bodies of the axis and atlas have shrivelled up
+together, having evidently consisted of cartilage only; but the
+bodies of the five posterior cervical vertebr&aelig; are beautifully
+distinct, having well-formed osseous centres, which give them more
+of the configuration of the succeeding vertebral bodies than they
+present in their compressed form in the adult.</p>
+
+<p>"The neural arches in the cervical region of this skeleton are five
+in number; the two anterior, which are distinctly those of the atlas
+and axis, have an osseous nodule on each side, where the transverse
+processes pass off. The third arch belongs to the third vertebra,
+the fourth and fifth to the sixth and seventh. These three arches
+are cartilaginous, and present no osseous centres. It<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span> is impossible
+to determine from the preparation whether the arches of the fourth
+and fifth vertebr&aelig; had been cut away in dissecting the parts, or
+whether they have shrivelled up in drying; but as the skeleton was
+very carefully prepared, and as these two arches are deficient (at
+least laterally) in the adult <i>Mysticetus</i>, I presume that the
+cartilaginous matrices were at least extremely delicate in the
+f&oelig;tus.</p>
+
+<p>"I believe I have stated all the facts, afforded by this skeleton,
+which bear upon your questions. They appear to me to afford no
+support to the views to which they refer.</p>
+
+<p class="quotsig">
+"Yours very sincerely,<br />
+(Signed)  "<span class="smcap">John Goodsir</span>."<br />
+</p>
+
+
+<p>The conclusion I arrived at is this,&mdash;that the actual number of cervical
+vertebr&aelig; in the <i>Mysticetus</i> is, as in most other mammals, seven, and
+that, notwithstanding their earlier fusion, they are originally quite
+distinct.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_C_3" id="Footnote_C_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_3"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> It is stated that some of the last of these are of wood.
+The skeleton in Edinburgh is perfect.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_D_4" id="Footnote_D_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_4"><span class="label">[D]</span></a> "The substance of the brain is more visibly fibrous than I
+ever saw it in any other animal, the fibres passing from the ventricles
+as from a centre to the circumference, which fibrous texture is also
+continued through the cortical substance."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Hunter</span>, "On Whales," 'Animal
+Economy,' Palmer's edit. p. 373.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_E_5" id="Footnote_E_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_E_5"><span class="label">[E]</span></a> In his paper "On the Structure of Whales" (Phil. Trans.
+1787), Hunter remarks that the organ of smell "is peculiar to the large
+and small Whalebone Whales." He further remarks, that, "in those that
+have olfactory nerves, the lateral ventricles are not continued into
+them as in many quadrupeds;" and he notices "the want of the olfactory
+nerves in the genus of the Porpoise."&mdash;'Anim. Economy,' Palmer's edit.
+pp. 372, 373, 376.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_F_6" id="Footnote_F_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_F_6"><span class="label">[F]</span></a> See Memoirs in the 'Transactions of the Royal Society of
+Edinburgh' for 1832.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr />
+<p class="intro"><a name="Extract_of_a_Letter_from_Dr_Baikie_to_Sir_John_Richardson_MD_CB" id="Extract_of_a_Letter_from_Dr_Baikie_to_Sir_John_Richardson_MD_CB"></a>Extract of a Letter from Dr. <span class="smcap">Baikie</span> to Sir <span class="smcap">John Richardson</span>, M.D., C.B.,
+F.R. &amp; L.S., dated 29th October, 1857, Rabba, on the Qworra.</p>
+
+<p class="read">[Read January 21st, 1858.]</p>
+
+
+<p class="first">"In natural history my collection is advancing, especially in skins and
+skeletons of birds. I am collecting skulls of all the domesticated
+animals, and skeletons of the sheep and goats. I have got a few fish,
+including a prettily-marked <i>Diodon</i> or <i>Tetraodon</i>, probably new, and a
+<i>Myletes</i> which I did not meet with formerly. The <i>Silurid&aelig;</i> are the
+most abundant fishes; and one species closely resembles the
+<i>Hypophthalmus</i>, figured by R&uuml;ppell in his 'Fishes of the Nile and Red
+Sea.' I have not met with another Polypterus. I shall get a
+<i>Lepidosiren</i> in the river, and have heard of an electrical fish, I
+believe a <i>Malopteruris</i>, such as I formerly found. I enclose two scales
+of a fish which is said to grow to the length of 5 feet, but of which I
+have specimens half that size only,&mdash;also a sketch of a curious fish
+2&frac12; feet, which I put into spirits; it has neither ventral nor anal
+fins, a very peculiar caudal, and a slender head, while the dorsal
+extends along the whole back; eyes very small; teeth numerous and hard,
+but not sharp." He adds, in a postscript, that he had got the
+<i>Lepidosiren</i>. He had collected<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span> 700 species of plants, and numerous
+fine fruits, which he says "will rejoice Sir William Hooker's heart."</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Baikie's postscript, however, mentions that his vessel had been
+wrecked about twelve miles above Lagos, and that she sunk in a few
+minutes after she struck. He does not say what was the fate of his
+collections, but states that all the party had fever from fatigue and
+sleeping in swamps after the wreck.&mdash;J. R.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<p class="intro"><a name="Catalogue_of_the_Dipterous_Insects_collected_in_the_Aru_Islands_by_Mr" id="Catalogue_of_the_Dipterous_Insects_collected_in_the_Aru_Islands_by_Mr"></a>Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected in the Aru Islands by Mr.
+<span class="smcap">A. R. Wallace</span>, with Descriptions of New Species. By <span class="smcap">Francis Walker</span>.</p>
+
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Aru Island</span>.</p>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. MYCETOPHILID&AElig;, <i>Haliday</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">SCIARA</span>, <i>Meigen</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Div. A. <i>a., Meig</i>. vi. 305.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Sciara Selecta</span>, n. s. <i>Mas</i>. Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa, antennis sat
+validis, pedibus piceis, alis cinereis, venis costalibus crassis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male</i>. Black, with cinereous tomentum; antenn&aelig; rather stout; legs
+piceous; wings greyish; veins black; radial and cubital veins thick;
+radial vein extending to the fork of the subapical. Length of the body
+1&frac34; line; of the wings 4 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. BIBIONID&AElig;, <i>Haliday</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Plecia</span>, <i>Hoffmansegg</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>2. Plecia dorsalis, <i>Walk</i>. See Vol. I. p. 5.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. CULICID&AElig;, <i>Haliday</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>3. CULEX SCUTELLARIS, n. s. <i>Mas</i>. Nigro-fuscus, capite thoraceque
+argenteo trivittatis, scutello rufescente; abdominis segmentis argenteo
+fasciatis, genubus et tarsorum posticorum fasciis niveis; alis
+subcinereis, venis nigris ciliatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male</i>. Blackish brown. Head and thorax with three silvery stripes, the
+middle one very distinct; scutellum reddish; pectus with silvery gloss;
+abdomen with silvery bands, which are narrow above, broad beneath;
+femora pale towards the base; knees snow-white; hind tarsi with 5 broad
+snow-white bands; middle tarsi with the first and second joints white at
+the base; wings slightly greyish; veins black, fringed. Length of the
+body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. TIPULID&AElig;.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Megistocera</span>, <i>Wied</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>4. Megistocera tuscana, <i>Wied. Auss. Zweist.</i> 1. 55. 1. Inhabits also
+Java.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Gynoplistia</span>, <i>Westw</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>5. <span class="smcap">Gynoplistia Jurgiosa</span>, n. s. <i>Mas. et F&oelig;m.</i> Nigra, capite
+rufescente, alis cinereis, plagis costalibus nigro-fuscis.&mdash;<i>Mas</i>.
+Abdomine ochraceo, apice nigro, femoribus basi testaceis.&mdash;<i>F&oelig;m.</i>
+Abdomine atro fasciis albidis apice luteo.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Black. Head reddish; antenn&aelig; testaceous at the base;
+thorax testaceous in front; wings greyish, blackish-brown along the
+costa, and with three subcostal blackish-brown patches, the third
+continued along the veins towards the hind border. <i>Male</i>. Abdomen
+ochraceous, black at the tip; femora testaceous at the base; halteres
+testaceous. <i>Female.</i> Abdomen deep black, with whitish bands on the
+sutures; tip luteous. Length of the body 5-6 lines; of the wings 9-10
+lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. STRATIOMID&AElig;, <i>Haliday</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Ptilocera</span>, <i>Wied</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>6. Ptilocera quadridentata. See Vol. 1. p. <i>7</i>.</p>
+
+<p>7. <span class="smcap">Massicyta Inflata</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Nigra, capite viridi maculis
+nigris, antennis basi ferrugineis, pectoris callis duobus scutelloque
+testaceis, abdomine basi sordide albido lineis tribus nigris, fasciis
+duabus cano-tomentosis, segmentis tertio quartoque apice ferrugineis,
+tibiis basi tarsisque albidis, alis subcinereis fusco marginatis,
+stigmate nigricante, halteribus testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Black. Head dull green, with several black spots; mouth
+testaceous; antenn&aelig; dark ferruginous towards the base; two pectoral
+calli and the scutellum testaceous; abdomen at the base dingy-whitish
+and semihyaline, and with three black lines; third and fourth segments
+with hoary bands, their hind borders ferruginous; tibi&aelig; towards the
+base, and tarsi, whitish; hind tibi&aelig; with the two colours most
+distinctly marked; wings grey, with broad brownish borders; stigma
+blackish; veins black; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 6 lines;
+of the wings 11 lines.</p>
+
+<p>8. <span class="smcap">Massicyta Cerio&iuml;des</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Nigra, capite testaceo maculis
+nigris, antennis basi ferrugineis, pectoris callis duobus, thoracis
+vittis duabus interruptis, scutello abdominisque fasciis tribus
+viridibus, segmento abdominali secundo maculis duabus testaceis, tarsis
+albis, alis nigricanti-fuscis, halteribus viridibus.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Black. Head testaceous, with some black spots on the vertex.
+Antenn&aelig; dark ferruginous towards the base. An interrupted stripe on each
+side of the thorax, two pectoral calli, the scutellum, and the hind
+borders of the second, third, and fourth abdominal segments green.
+Abdomen testaceous at the base beneath; first band interrupted, having
+before it two testaceous spots. Knees lurid; tarsi white. Wings blackish
+brown; stigma and veins black; halteres apple-green. Length of the body
+5-6 lines; of the wings 10-12 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Salduba</span>, n. g.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p><i>Male. Corpus</i> angustum, sublineare. <i>Caput</i> transversum; vertex
+angustus. <i>Oculi</i> magni. <i>Antenn&aelig;</i> capite transverso valde longiores;
+articuli primo ad septimum breves; flagellum longum, lanceolatum,
+subarcuatum. <i>Thorax</i> longus, subcompressus; scutellum inerme. <i>Abdomen</i>
+planum, thorace paullo longius. <i>Pedes</i> graciles; postici longi. <i>Al&aelig;</i>
+angust&aelig;.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Body narrow, nearly linear. Head slightly transverse, nearly as
+broad as the thorax; vertex narrow. Eyes large. Antenn&aelig; shorter than the
+thorax; joints from the first to the seventh short; flagellum long,
+lanceolate, slightly curved. Thorax long, slightly increasing in breadth
+from the head to the base of the wings. Abdomen nearly flat and linear,
+a little longer than the thorax. Legs slender; hind pair long. Wings
+narrow; veins complete, distinctly marked; first cubital areolet rather
+short, divided from the second by the oblique first cubital rim; discal
+areolet large, hexagonal; subanal and anal veins united at some distance
+from the border.</p>
+
+<p>9. <span class="smcap">Salduba diphysoides</span>, n. s., <i>Mas.</i> Nigra, ore flavo, thorace vittis
+quatuor subauratis, abdominis apice cinereo, pedibus albidis, femoribus
+posticis apices versus tibiisque posticis nigris, alis cinereis, venis
+stigmateque nigris, halteribus testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Black. Mouth yellow; thorax with four stripes of slightly gilded
+tomentum; tip of the abdomen with cinereous tomentum; legs whitish, hind
+femora towards the tips and hind tibi&aelig; black; wings greyish, veins and
+stigma black; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4&frac12; lines; of
+the wings 8 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Stratiomys.</span></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>10. <span class="smcap">Stratiomys Confertissima</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Nigra, subtus ferruginea,
+capite fulvo, antennis basi fulvis, thorace vittis quatuor subauratis,
+scutelli margine fulvo, ventre piceo basi testaceo, pedibus fulvis nigro
+fasciatis; alis subcinereis, venis stigmateque nigris, halteribus
+testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Black, ferruginous beneath. Head, antenn&aelig; at the base, border
+of the scutellum, and legs tawny; antenn&aelig; a little shorter than the
+breadth of the head; thorax with four slightly gilded<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span> stripes; abdomen
+beneath piceous, testaceous at the base; femora and tibi&aelig; with broad
+black bands; wings greyish, stigma and veins black; halteres testaceous.
+Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7&frac12; lines.</p>
+
+<p>11. <span class="smcap">Stratiomys Nexura</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Nigra, antennis basi
+fulvis, capite transverso brevioribus, abdominis lateribus, ventre,
+tibiis, tarsis halteribusque fulvis, alis limpidis, venis testaceis.
+<i>Mas.</i> Thorace atro piloso. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Thorace nigro-&aelig;neo angustiore.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and female.</i> Black. Head rather prominent; antenn&aelig; tawny towards
+the base, shorter than the breadth of the head; spines of the scutellum,
+abdomen beneath, tibi&aelig;, tarsi, and halteres tawny; wings limpid, veins
+testaceous. <i>Male.</i> Thorax deep black, pilose; abdomen tawny along each
+side. <i>Female.</i> Head shining; thorax &aelig;neous black, narrower than that of
+the male; abdomen with the tawny stripes much narrower than those of the
+male. Length of the body 3&frac12; lines; of the wings 6&frac12; lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Clitellaria</span>, <i>Meigen.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>12. Clitellaria bivittata, <i>Fabr.</i> See Vol. I. p. 7.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Gabaza</span>, n. g.</p>
+
+<p><i>F&oelig;m. Corpus</i> breve, latum. <i>Caput</i> transversum, thorace paullo
+angustius; facies valde obliqua. <i>Antenn&aelig;</i> capite transverso breviores;
+articuli breves, transversi; arista longa, gracilis, filiformis.
+<i>Scutellum</i> prominens, spinis duabus minutis. <i>Abdomen</i> transversum,
+thorace multo latius. <i>Pedes</i> graciles, breviusculi. <i>Al&aelig;</i> sat angust&aelig;;
+ven&aelig; tenues.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Body short, broad. Head transverse, a little narrower than the
+thorax; face very oblique. Antenn&aelig; shorter than the breadth of the head;
+joints short, transverse; arista slender, filiform, longer than the
+preceding part, which is lanceolate. Scutellum prominent, armed with two
+minute spines. Abdomen transverse, much broader than the thorax. Legs
+slender, somewhat short. Wings rather narrow; veins feeble, in structure
+like those of <i>Stratiomys</i>.</p>
+
+<p>13. <span class="smcap">Gabaza argentea</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Nigra, antennis fulvis, arista
+alba, thorace abdomineque argenteo-tomentosis, tarsis albido-testaceis,
+alis limpidis, venis pallidis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Coal-black. Antenn&aelig; tawny, arista white; thorax and abdomen
+with bright silvery tomentum; tarsi whitish testaceous; wings limpid,
+veins pale. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 3&frac12; lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Sargus</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>14. Sargus metallinus, <i>Fabr.</i> See Vol. I. p. 110.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>15. <span class="smcap">Sargus complens</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Rufescente-fulvus, capitis vertice
+nigro, antennis testaceis, abdomine fasciis latis abbreviatis piceis,
+tarsis posticis basi tibiisque posticis nigris, alis cinereis, basi
+subluridis, apud costam exteriorem nigro-fuscis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Reddish tawny. Head black above, testaceous beneath; antenn&aelig;
+testaceous; abdomen with four broad abbreviated piceous bands; legs
+tawny, hind tibi&aelig; black with a tawny apical mark, hind tarsi black
+towards the base; wings greyish, slightly lurid towards the base,
+blackish-brown about the exterior part of the costa, veins black, tawny
+towards the base; halteres testaceous, tawny towards the tips. Length of
+the body 6 lines; of the wings 14 lines.</p>
+
+<p>16. <span class="smcap">Sargus rogans</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Capitis vertice nigro,
+antennis pedibusque testaceis, tibiis tarsisque posticis nigris, alis
+subcinereis apice obscurioribus. <i>Mas.</i> Luteo-testaceus. <i>F&oelig;m.</i>
+Ferrugineus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Head black above; antenn&aelig; and legs testaceous; hind
+tibi&aelig; and hind tarsi black; wings greyish, darker towards their tips;
+veins black, tawny towards the base. <i>Male.</i> Lutescent testaceous.
+<i>Female.</i> Ferruginous; wings darker than those of the male. Length of
+the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Nerua</span>, n. g.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p><i>F&oelig;m. Corpus</i> longiusculum, sublineare. <i>Caput</i> transversum, thorace
+non latius. <i>Antenn&aelig;</i> breves; articulus tertius rotundus; arista
+apicalis, longa, tenuis, setiformis. <i>Thorax</i> productus. <i>Scutellum</i>
+spinis quatuor longiusculis. <i>Abdomen</i> depressum, sublineare, thorace
+vix latius, non longius. <i>Pedes</i> graciles, non longi. <i>Al&aelig;</i> angust&aelig;;
+ven&aelig; bene determinat&aelig;.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Body rather long, nearly linear. Head transverse, not broader
+than the thorax. Antenn&aelig; short; third joint round; arista apical, long,
+slender, setiform. Thorax long. Abdomen flat, thin, nearly linear,
+hardly broader and not longer than the thorax. Legs slender, not long.
+Wings narrow; veins distinctly marked, in structure like those of
+<i>Clitellaria</i>.</p>
+
+<p>This genus may be distinguished from <i>Culcua</i> by the shape of the
+abdomen.</p>
+
+<p>17. <span class="smcap">Nerua scenopino&iuml;des</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Atra, nitens, antennis fulvis,
+scutelli spinis pedibusque albis, alis nigro-cinereis, postice
+pallidioribus, venis nigris, halteribus testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Coal-black, shining; antenn&aelig; tawny; thorax slightly tomentose;
+spines of the scutellum and legs white; wings blackish grey, paler
+towards the hind border, veins black; halteres testaceous. Length of the
+body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Adraga</span>, n. g.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p><i>Mas. Corpus</i> sublineare. <i>Caput</i> thorace non latius. <i>Oculi</i> connexi.
+<i>Antenn&aelig;</i> brevissim&aelig;; articulus tertius rotundus; arista apicalis,
+gracilis, setiformis. <i>Thorax</i> sutura transversa bene determinata.
+<i>Scutellum</i> prominens, trigonum, marginatum. <i>Abdomen</i> thorace paullo
+brevius, non latius. <i>Pedes</i> breviusculi, validi, non dilatati. <i>Al&aelig;</i>
+mediocres.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male</i>. Body nearly linear, rather thick. Head not broader than the
+thorax. Eyes connected. Antenn&aelig; very short; third joint round; arista
+apical, long, slender, setiform. Thorax with the transverse suture very
+distinct. Scutellum prominent, triangular, with a border. Abdomen a
+little shorter and not broader than the thorax. Legs stout, rather
+short, not dilated. Wings moderately broad; veins in structure like
+those of <i>Clitellaria</i>.</p>
+
+<p>18. <span class="smcap">Adraga univitta</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Nigra, subtilissime punctata, antennis
+piceis, thorace vitta cinerea, tarsis posterioribus albis, alis
+nigricantibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male</i>. Coal-black, hardly shining; antenn&aelig; piceous; thorax and abdomen
+very minutely punctured; thorax with a stripe of cinereous tomentum;
+posterior tarsi white; wings blackish, veins black. Length of the body 3
+lines; of the wings 5 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Obrapa</span>, n. g.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p><i>F&oelig;m. Corpus</i> breve, latum, crassum, convexum. <i>Caput</i> transversum,
+thorace angustius. <i>Antenn&aelig;</i> breves; articulus tertius rotundus; arista
+apicalis, gracilis, setiformis. <i>Thorax</i> sutura transversa bene
+determinata. <i>Abdomen</i> transversum, thorace paullo latius, valde
+brevius. <i>Pedes</i> breviusculi, validi; antici subdilatati. <i>Al&aelig;</i>
+mediocres.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Body short, broad, thick, convex. Head transverse, narrower
+than the thorax. Antenn&aelig; short; third joint round; arista apical,
+slender, setiform. Thorax with the transverse suture very distinct.
+Scutellum large, prominent, with a marginal suture. Abdomen transverse,
+a little broader than the thorax, and not more than half its length.
+Legs stout, rather short, the fore pair slightly dilated. Wings
+moderately broad, veins rather irregular; discal areolet large,
+quadrilateral; externo-medial veins, subanal vein, and anal vein very
+slight; subanal vein and anal vein united at some distance from the
+border.</p>
+
+<p>19. <span class="smcap">Obrapa perilampo&iuml;des</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Atra, nitens, subtilissime
+punctata, capite glabro, antennis piceis, tarsis posterioribus albidis,
+alis limpidis, venis albidis basi nigris, halteribus niveis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Deep black, shining, very minutely punctured; head smooth;
+antenn&aelig; piceous; posterior tarsi whitish, with black tips; wings limpid,
+veins whitish, black towards the base; halteres snow-white. Length of
+the body 2&frac12; lines; of the wings 5 lines.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>20. <span class="smcap">Obrapa celypho&iuml;des</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Atra, nitens, subtilissime
+punctata, capite glabro, antennis piceis, tarsis albidis, alis
+nigro-cinereis, venis nigris, halteribus niveis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Deep black, very minutely punctured. Head smooth; antenn&aelig;
+piceous; tarsi whitish; wings blackish cinereous, veins black; halteres
+snow-white. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. TABANID&AElig;, <i>Leach</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Tabanus</span>, <i>Linn.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>21. <span class="smcap">Tabanus recusans</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Piceus, cinereo-subtomentosus,
+callo nigro angusto, antennis rufis apice nigris, humeris rufescentibus,
+abdomine basi glaucescente, tibiis obscure ferrugineis, alis
+nigro-fuscis, apice margineque postico cinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Piceous, slightly covered with cinereous tomentum. Callus of
+the head black, long, slender, entire; antenn&aelig; red, black towards the
+tips, angle of the third joint very small; thorax reddish on each side
+in front of the forewings; abdomen with glaucous tomentum towards the
+base; tibi&aelig; mostly dark ferruginous; wings blackish-brown, cinereous
+towards the tips and along the hind border; veins black; forebranch of
+the cubital vein simple, very slightly undulating, its tip, like that of
+the radial vein, clouded with blackish-brown. Length of the body 6&frac12;
+lines; of the wings 12 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. ASILID&AElig;, <i>Leach</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Dasypogonites</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Dasypogon</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>22. <span class="smcap">Dasypogon inopinus</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Piceus, facie aurata, mystace
+parvo albo, antennis ferrugineis, apices versus nigris, capite
+transverso longioribus, articulo tertio lineari, pectore fasciis tribus
+canis, abdominis segmentis ferrugineo fasciatis, alis luridis, apud
+costam nigro-fuscis, halteribus testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Piceous. Face flat, brightly gilded; epistoma not prominent;
+mystax with a few white bristles; mouth black; antenn&aelig; ferruginous,
+black towards the tips, longer than the breadth of the head; third joint
+linear, longer than the first and the second together; pectus with three
+hoary bands; abdomen subclavate, nearly twice the length of the thorax;
+a ferruginous band on the hind border of each segment; legs mostly
+ferruginous; wings lurid, blackish-brown towards the costa, veins black;
+halteres testaceous. Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 14 lines.</p>
+
+<p>23. <span class="smcap">Dasypogon honestus</span>, n. s. Lutescente-fulvus, capite, antennis,
+pedibus alisque nigris, thorace vitta schistacea nigro marginata
+vittisque<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span> duabus lateralibus cinereis, pectore postico nigro, abdomine
+&mdash;&mdash;?, tibiis tarsisque posticis fulvis.</p>
+
+<p>Luteous-tawny. Head, antenn&aelig;, hind part of the pectus, and legs black,
+shining; mystax with very few bristles; antenn&aelig; almost as long as the
+breadth of the head, third joint long, slender, linear; thorax with a
+slate-coloured blackish-bordered stripe, a short slate-coloured stripe
+on each side; abdomen wanting; hind tibi&aelig; and tarsi tawny; wings
+blackish, veins black. Length of the body 4? lines; of the wings 7
+lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Laphrites</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Laphria</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>24. Laphria scapularis, <i>Wied. Auss. Zweifl.</i> 1. 516. 29. Inhabits also
+Java.</p>
+
+<p>25. Laphria aurifacies, <i>Macq.</i> See Vol. I. p. 10.</p>
+
+<p>26. <span class="smcap">Laphria gloriosa</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Aurata, capite pectoreque
+albis, abdomine purpureo, guttis lateralibus albis, basi viridi,
+lateribus pedibusque cyaneis, alis fuscis basi cinereis, halteribus
+testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Head and pectus with white tomentum and hairs; mystax
+with a few black bristles; mouth and antenn&aelig; black; third joint of the
+latter linear, conical at the tip, longer than the first and the second
+together; thorax with cupreous-gilded tomentum; abdomen purple, green at
+the base, blue and with a row of white dots along each side; legs blue;
+wings brown, cinereous towards the base, veins black; halteres
+testaceous. <i>Male.</i> Legs very thick and pilose. Length of the body 9
+lines; of the wings 16 lines.</p>
+
+<p>27. <span class="smcap">Laphria socia</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Cyaneo-viridis, capite aurato,
+antennarum articulo tertio longissimo subfusiformi, thoracis tomento
+subaurato, vitta media nuda, pectore argenteo, abdomine purpureo-cyaneo
+basi viridi maculis lateralibus argenteis, alis nigro-cinereis basi
+cinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Bluish-green. Head brightly gilded, hind part silvery; mystax
+with six long black bristles; third joint of the antenn&aelig; very elongate
+subfusiform; thorax with slightly gilded tomentum, excepting a broad
+bare middle stripe; pectus with silvery tomentum; abdomen purplish-blue,
+green towards the base, with spots of silvery tomentum along each side;
+hind borders of the ventral segments white; wings grey, blackish-grey
+for almost half the length from the tips and along three-fourths of the
+length of the hind border, veins black; halteres ferruginous. Length of
+the body 8&frac12; lines; of the wings 16 lines.</p>
+
+<p>28. <span class="smcap">Laphria consobrina</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Purpurea, capite aurato, pectore
+argenteo, abdomine viridi-cyaneo, maculis lateralibus argenteis, alis
+nigricantibus basi cinereis.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Purple. Head brightly gilded, hind part silvery, underside
+with white hairs; mystax with six long black bristles; pectus with
+silvery tomentum; abdomen greenish blue, with spots of silvery tomentum
+along each side; hind borders of the ventral segments white; wings
+slightly grey, blackish for full half the length from the tips and along
+full three-fourths of the length of the hind border, veins black;
+halteres ferruginous, with black tips. Length of the body 7&frac12; lines;
+of the wings 14 lines.</p>
+
+<p>This species much resembles <i>L. socia</i>, but may be distinguished by the
+difference of colour, and more especially by the more undulating first
+branch vein, by the much less oblique third externo-medial vein, and by
+the subanal vein, which is united to the anal vein much nearer the
+border.</p>
+
+<p>29. <span class="smcap">Laphria sodalis</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Cyanea, capite aurato, antennarum
+articulo tertio fusiformi, thoracis lateribus purpureo-viridibus,
+pectore ventreque argenteis, abdomine maculis lateralibus argenteis,
+alis cinereis, apice posticeque nigricantibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Blue. Head brightly gilded, vertex and hind part silvery,
+underside with white hairs; mystax with four long black bristles, and
+with several gilded bristles; third joint of the antenn&aelig;
+elongate-fusiform; sides of the thorax varied with green and purple;
+abdomen with spots of silvery tomentum along each side, underside and
+pectus silvery; wings grey, black towards the tips and along half the
+length of the hind border; halteres white. Length of the body 7 lines;
+of the wings 13 lines.</p>
+
+<p>The veins of this species are hardly different from those of <i>L.
+consobrina</i> in structure, excepting the third externo-medial, which is
+united to the fourth nearer the border.</p>
+
+<p>30. <span class="smcap">Laphria comes</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Viridi-cyanea, capite aurato,
+antennarum articulo tertio fusiformi, pectore ventrisque lateribus
+argenteis, abdomine viridi (mas) aut purpureo-cyaneo (f&oelig;m.) maculis
+lateralibus argenteis, alis nigricantibus basi cinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Greenish blue. Head brightly gilded, hind part
+silvery; mystax with six long black bristles; third joint of the antenn&aelig;
+elongate-fusiform; pectus with silvery tomentum; abdomen green in the
+male, purplish-blue in the female, with silvery spots along each side,
+underside with two silvery stripes; wings blackish, grey at the base and
+along the costa for more than one-third of the length, veins and
+halteres black. Length of the body 6&mdash;6&frac12; lines; of the wings 11-12
+lines.</p>
+
+<p>This may be only a small variety of <i>L. consobrina</i>; but the wings are
+not darker towards the costa as in that species, and the first
+branch-vein is much more straight.</p>
+
+<p>31. <span class="smcap">Laphria consors</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Viridis (mas) aut cyanea
+(f&oelig;m.), capite aurato, antennarum articulo tertio brevifusiformi,
+pectore<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span> argenteo, abdomine &aelig;neo-viridi (mas) aut cyaneo-purpureo
+(f&oelig;m.) maculis lateralibus argenteis, alis nigricantibus, basi
+cinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Green (male) or blue (female). Head gilded, hind part
+silvery; mystax with a few black bristles; third joint of the antenn&aelig;
+short-fusiform; pectus silvery; abdomen &aelig;neous-green in the male,
+bluish-purple in the female, with silvery spots along each side; wings
+blackish, grey at the base and along the costa for more than one-third
+of the length; veins and halteres black. Length of the body 4&frac12;&mdash;5
+lines; of the wings 8-9 lines.</p>
+
+<p>The straight and not oblique third externo-medial vein distinguishes
+this species from all the preceding <i>Laphri&aelig;</i>.</p>
+
+<p>32. <span class="smcap">Laphria germana</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Cyanea, facie aurata, antennarum
+articulo tertio longissime subfusiformi, abdominis maculis lateralibus
+pectoreque argenteis, alis cinereis, basi subcinereis, halteribus albis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Blue. Head gilded in front, vertex and hind part silvery;
+mystax with six black bristles; third joint of the antenn&aelig; very long,
+subfusiform; pectus silvery; abdomen purplish blue, shorter than in the
+preceding species, with silvery spots along each side; wings grey,
+slightly grey towards the base; halteres white. Length of the body 3&frac12;
+lines; of the wings 7 lines.</p>
+
+<p>33. <span class="smcap">Laphria flagrantissima</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Rufescente-cervina, capite
+aurato, antennis pedibusque rufescentibus, thorace vittis tribus
+latissimis (lateralibus abbreviatis) pectoreque nigricantibus, alis
+lutescentibus, plaga postica interiore fasciaque latissima exteriore
+nigricantibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Reddish fawn colour. Head gilded; mystax with numerous gilded
+bristles; mouth lanceolate, very stout; antenn&aelig; reddish, third joint
+long, lanceolate, abruptly acuminated at the tip; thorax with three very
+broad blackish stripes; disk of the pectus black; abdomen with the
+segments darker towards the base, underside black towards the tip; legs
+reddish, stout; tarsi with black bands beneath; wings somewhat luteous,
+with a large blackish patch on the hind border near the base, and with a
+very broad blackish band near the tip; halteres testaceous. Length of
+the body 11 lines; of the wings 22 lines.</p>
+
+<p>34. <span class="smcap">Laphria justa</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Lutea, capite aurato, ore, antennis
+apice, thoracis maculis duabus posticis, pectore, abdominis fasciis
+latis femoribusque nigris, alis cinereis, apud costam luridis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Luteous. Head gilded; mystax with numerous gilded bristles;
+mouth short, black; antenn&aelig; reddish tawny, third joint lanceolate, black
+except at the base; thorax with the disk somewhat darker, two large
+black spots hindward; pectus black; abdomen linear, with a broad black
+band on the fore border of each segment; femora black above except at
+the tips, hind femora black also beneath; wings<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span> greyish, slightly
+clouded with dark grey, lurid along the costa for three-fourths of the
+length; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 14
+lines.</p>
+
+<p>35. <span class="smcap">Laphria manifesta</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Fulva, capite argenteo
+(mas) aut pallide aurato (f&oelig;m.), antennis apice nigris, thoracis
+disco et abdominis maculis subtrigonis sub&aelig;neo-ferrugineis, scutello
+quadrisetoso, alis subcinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Tawny. Head silvery in the male, pale-gilded in the
+female; mystax with several slender bristles; mouth lanceolate; third
+joint of the antenn&aelig; very elongate-subfusiform, black towards the tip;
+disk of the thorax and nearly triangular dorsal spots of the abdomen
+ferruginous with a slight &aelig;neous tinge; pectus testaceous, slightly
+silvery; wings slightly greyish; veins black, testaceous at the base,
+where the wings also have a testaceous tinge; halteres testaceous.
+Length of the body 4&frac12;&mdash;5 lines; of the wings 8-9 lines.</p>
+
+<p>36. <span class="smcap">Laphria aperta</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Testacea, capite subargenteo,
+antennis abdominisque apice nigris, alis nigricantibus basi limpidis,
+halteribus albidis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Testaceous. Head with whitish slightly silvery tomentum;
+mystax with very few bristles; antenn&aelig; black, third joint long, linear,
+conical at the tip; thorax with a very indistinct darker stripe; abdomen
+black towards the tip; wings blackish, limpid towards the base; veins
+black, testaceous at the base; halteres whitish. Length of the body 4
+lines; of the wings 7 lines.</p>
+
+<p>37. <span class="smcap">Laphria declarata</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Fulva, capite albo, facie argentea
+micante, antennis tibiisque posticis nigris, thorace atro, alis
+cinereis, venis nigris, halteribus testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Tawny, slender. Head white, face brilliant silvery; mystax with
+four bristles; mouth black, short, slender; eyes flat in front; antenn&aelig;
+black, almost as long as the breadth of the head; third joint long,
+slender, lanceolate; thorax deep black; scutellum reddish tawny; hind
+tibi&aelig; black, with tawny tips; wings greyish, veins black; discal veinlet
+and third externo-medial vein forming one straight line, as in the genus
+<i>Atomosia</i>; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 3&frac12; lines; of the
+wings 6 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. ASILITES, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Trupanea</span>, <i>Macq.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>38. <span class="smcap">Trupanea contradicens</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Nigricans,
+cinereo-subtomentosa, thoracis vittis pectoreque cano-tomentosis,
+pedibus nigris, tibiis rufis apice nigris, alis fusco-cinereis, areola
+radiali schistaceo vittata. <i>Mas.</i> Capite subaurato, barba
+testaceo-albida, abdominis segmentis lutescente marginatis. <i>F&oelig;m.</i>
+Capite barbaque albidis, abdomine stylato, segmentis cano marginatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Blackish. Antenn&aelig; and legs black; thorax slightly<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span>
+covered with cinereous tomentum; stripes, pectus, and underside of the
+abdomen hoary; tibi&aelig; red, with black tips; wings brownish grey; radial
+areolet with a slate-coloured stripe. <i>Male.</i> Head slightly gilded;
+mystax with a few black bristles and many gilded bristles; beard
+testaceous-whitish; sides of the abdomen and hind borders of the
+segments lutescent. <i>Female.</i> Head and beard whitish; mystax with many
+black bristles and a few white bristles; abdomen with an apical style,
+more than one-third of the length of the preceding part, sides and hind
+borders of the segments hoary. Length of the body 12-14 lines; of the
+wings 14-18 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Asilus</span>, <i>Linn.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>39. Asilus longistylus, <i>Wied. Auss. Zweifl.</i> 1. 433. 13. Inhabits also
+Java.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Ommatius</span>, <i>Illiger.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>40. <span class="smcap">Ommatius noctifer</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Niger, capite aurato, thoracis
+incisuris, scutello, pectore, segmentorum abdominalium marginibus
+ventreque canis, tibiis fulvis apice nigris, alis cinereis costa
+apiceque nigricantibus, halteribus ferrugineis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Black. Head gilded; mystax with a few black and several gilded
+bristles; sutures of the thorax, scutellum, sides, pectus, hind borders
+of the abdominal segments, and underside hoary; tibi&aelig; tawny, with black
+tips; wings cinereous, blackish along the costa and towards the tips,
+veins black; halteres ferruginous. Length of the body 6&mdash;6&frac12; lines; of
+the wings 11-12 lines.</p>
+
+<p>41. <span class="smcap">Ommatius lucifer</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> &AElig;neo-niger, capite argenteo, pectore
+albido, abdominis segmentis ferrugineo marginatis, pedibus testaceis,
+femoribus nigro-vittatis, tarsis nigris, alis limpidis apice
+nigricantibus costa atra apud medium incrassata, halteribus testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Bronze-black. Head silvery in front; mystax with a few black and
+a few whitish bristles; pectus whitish; hind borders of the abdominal
+segments ferruginous; legs testaceous; femora striped with black; tarsi
+black, ferruginous at the base; wings limpid, blackish at the tips;
+costa deep black, incrassated in the middle; halteres testaceous. Length
+of the body 6 lines; of the wings 11 lines.</p>
+
+<p>42. <span class="smcap">Ommatius retrahens</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Cinereo-niger, facie argentea,
+pectore albido, pedibus testaceis, tarsis, femoribus tibiisque apice
+femoribusque posticis nigris, alis limpidis apice subcinereis,
+halteribus testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Cinereous-black. Head silvery white in front; mystax with very
+few white and black bristles; pectus whitish; legs testaceous; tips of
+the anterior femora and of the middle tibi&aelig; black; hind femora and hind
+tarsi black; anterior tarsi and hind tibi&aelig; black, testaceous towards the
+base; wings limpid, slightly cinereous towards the tips;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span> veins black;
+halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Leptogaster</span>, <i>Meigen.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>43. <span class="smcap">Leptogaster ferrugineus</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Ferrugineus, pectore albo,
+abdomine nigro, segmentorum marginibus ventreque testaceis, pedibus
+fulvis, femoribus apice nigris, tibiis piceo vittatis, tibiis posticis
+tarsisque nigris basi testaceis, alis sublimpidis, halteribus testaceis
+apice piceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Ferruginous. Head pale, gilded in front, hind side and pectus
+white; mouth and antenn&aelig; tawny, the latter blackish towards the tips;
+abdomen black; hind borders of the segments and under side testaceous;
+legs tawny; anterior femora with a testaceous band before the tips,
+which are black; hind femora and anterior tibi&aelig; striped with piceous,
+the latter black towards the tips; tarsi and hind tibi&aelig; black,
+testaceous at the base; wings very slightly greyish, veins black;
+halteres testaceous, piceous towards the tips. Length of the body 7
+lines; of the wings 10 lines.</p>
+
+<p>44. <span class="smcap">Leptogaster longipes</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Ferrugineus, pectore albido,
+abdomine piceo, segmentis apice fulvescentibus, pedibus anterioribus
+fulvescentibus, posticis piceis longissimis, femoribus posticis basi
+testaceis, alis subcinereis basi obscurioribus costa venisque nigris,
+halteribus testaceis apice nigris.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Ferruginous. Head testaceous in front; mouth and antenn&aelig; black;
+pectus whitish; abdomen piceous, hind borders of the segments somewhat
+tawny; legs somewhat tawny; hind legs piceous, very long, their femora
+testaceous at the base; wings slightly greyish, darker towards the base,
+costa and veins black; halteres testaceous, with black knobs. Length of
+the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines.</p>
+
+<p>45. <span class="smcap">Leptogaster albimanus</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Niger, capite antico pectoreque
+albis, antennis basi ferrugineis, abdominis segmentis cano fasciatis,
+femoribus, tibiis tarsisque basi albis, femoribus posticis luteo
+fasciatis, alis limpidis, halteribus albidis apice piceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Black. Head in front and the pectus white; antenn&aelig; ferruginous
+at the base; abdomen long, a hoary band on the hind border of each
+segment; femora, tibi&aelig;, and tarsi white at the base; hind legs long,
+rather stout; hind femora with a luteous band; wings limpid, veins
+black; halteres whitish, with piceous knobs. Length of the body 5 lines;
+of the wings 7 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. LEPTID&AElig;, <i>Westw.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Leptis</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>46. Leptis ferruginosa, <i>Wied.</i> See Vol. I. p. 118.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Chrysopila</span>, <i>Macq.</i></p>
+
+<p>47. <span class="smcap">Chrysopila vacillans</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Lutescens, capite<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span>
+nigro, thorace subvittato, abdominis segmentis nigro fasciatis, alis
+sublimpidis apud costam flavescentibus, venis fusco latissime
+marginatis, stigmate nigro-fusco.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Lutescent. Head of the female black, shining; thorax
+with two brown bands which are paler and indistinct hindward; abdomen
+with a broad black band on each segment; tarsi blackish towards the
+tips; wings nearly limpid, yellowish along the costa, veins exteriorly
+with very broad brownish borders, stigma blackish brown. Length of the
+body 3&frac12; lines; of the wings 6 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. BOMBYLID&AElig;, <i>Leach.</i></p>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Therevites</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>48. <span class="smcap">Thereva congrua</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Nigra, glaucescente albo tomentosa,
+albo pilosa, capite argenteo, thorace trivittato et bilineato, pedibus
+nigris, femoribus albis, alis cinereis stigmate elongato venisque
+nigris.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Black, with glaucous-white tomentum and with white hairs. Head
+silvery in front; thorax with three blackish brown stripes, the middle
+one with a dark stripe on each side, broader and more distinct than the
+lateral pair; abdomen beneath and legs black, femora white; wings grey,
+with an elongated black stigma and black veins; halteres black. Length
+of the body 5 lines; of the wings 8 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Bombylites</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Anthrax</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>49. <span class="smcap">Anthrax pelops</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Ferruginea, thoracis margine rufo
+piloso, pectore abdomineque nigris, abdomine fasciis duabus, maculis
+duabus apicalibus, plagaque ventrali subtrigona argenteis, alis
+cinereis, basi costaque nigris.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Closely allied to <i>A. Tantalus</i>. Dark ferruginous. Head above,
+antenn&aelig;, pectus, abdomen, and legs black; thorax bordered with red
+hairs; pectus with a silvery dot on each side; abdomen with red hairs on
+each side at the base, with two silvery bands, with two silvery apical
+spots, and with a ventral, nearly triangular, silvery patch; wings
+cinereous, black at the base and along five-sixths of the length of the
+costa, veins and halteres black. Length of the body 8 lines; of the
+wings 18 lines.</p>
+
+<p>50. Anthrax semiscita, <i>Walk.</i> See Vol. I. p. 118.</p>
+
+<p>51. Anthrax degenera, <i>Walk.</i> See Vol. I. p. 15.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Geron</span>, <i>Meigen.</i></p>
+
+<p>52. <span class="smcap">Geron simplex</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Ater, antennis pedibusque nigris, alis
+subcinereis, halteribus fulvis.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Deep black. Eyes bright red; proboscis a little longer than the
+thorax; antenn&aelig; and legs black; wings slightly greyish, veins black;
+halteres tawny. Length of the body 2&frac12; lines; of the wings 5 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. EMPIDO&AElig;, <i>Leach.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Hybos</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>53. <span class="smcap">Hybos bicolor</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Fulvus, ore antennisque testaceis,
+abdomine, femoribus posticis apice tibiisque anticis piceis, tarsis
+anterioribus ferrugineis, alis obscure cinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Tawny. Mouth and antenn&aelig; testaceous; abdomen, hind femora at the
+tips, and fore tibi&aelig; piceous, anterior tarsi ferruginous; wings dark
+grey, veins black. Length of the body 3&frac12; lines; of the wings 7 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. DOLICHOPID&AElig;, <i>Leach.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. Psilopus, <i>Meigen.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>54. Psilopus &aelig;neus, <i>Fabr. Syst. Antl.</i> 268. 9.</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Java.</p>
+
+<p>55. <span class="smcap">Psilopus benedictus</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Aureo-viridis, facie
+pectoreque argenteis, antennis testaceis apice nigris, thorace vittis
+tribus cupreis, abdomine fasciis cupreo-purpureis, maculis lateralibus
+albidis, pedibus testaceis tibiis posticis tarsisque nigris, alis
+subcinereis, costam versus et apud venas transversas nigro-fuscis,
+halteribus testaceis. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Vertice cyaneo-purpureo, abdomine
+fasciis cyaneis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Golden green. Face silvery; antenn&aelig; testaceous, black
+towards the tips, arista full as long as the thorax; thorax with three
+cupreous stripes; pectus silvery; abdomen with cupreous purple bands and
+with whitish spots along each side; legs testaceous, tarsi and hind
+tibi&aelig; black; wings slightly greyish, blackish brown along the costa and
+about the transverse veins, veins black, fore branch of the pr&aelig;brachial
+vein curved inward, discal transverse vein undulating; halteres
+testaceous. <i>Female.</i> Vertex bluish purple; abdomen with blue bands.
+Length of the body 4&mdash;4&frac12; lines; of the wings 7-8 lines.</p>
+
+<p>56. <span class="smcap">Psilopus lucigena</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Aureo-viridis, facie pectoreque
+argenteis, antennis tarsisque nigris, thorace vittis tribus
+rufo-cupreis, abdomine fasciis cupreo-purpureis, femoribus
+lutescentibus, tibiis piceis, femoribus anticis apice nigricantibus,
+alis nigris apice albis, halteribus fulvis apice nigris.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Golden green. Face and pectus silvery; antenn&aelig; black, arista
+longer than the thorax; thorax with three broad reddish cupreous
+stripes; abdomen with broad cupreous purple bands; femora lutescent,
+tibi&aelig; piceous, fore femora blackish towards the tips, tarsi<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span> black;
+wings black, tips snow-white, fore branch of the pr&aelig;brachial vein
+slightly curved inward, discal transverse vein much curved outward;
+halteres tawny, with black tips. Length of the body 4&frac12; lines; of the
+wings 9 lines.</p>
+
+<p>57. Psilopus flavicornis, <i>Wied. Auss. Zweifl.</i> 11. 227. 31.</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Sumatra.</p>
+
+<p>58. <span class="smcap">Psilopus terminifer</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Aureo-viridis, vertice
+cyaneo-purpureo, facie pectoreque argenteis, antennis, pedibus
+halteribusque testaceis, abdomine apicem versus atro fasciis duabus
+cupreis, alis subcinereis apice nigris.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Golden-green, slender. Vertex bluish-purple; face and pectus
+silvery; antenn&aelig; testaceous, arista about half the length of the body;
+fourth and fifth segments of the abdomen deep black with a cupreous band
+on the hind border of each segment, tip blue; legs and halteres
+testaceous; wings greyish, paler along the hind border, tips black, fore
+branch of the pr&aelig;brachial vein slightly curved inward, discal transverse
+vein slightly undulating. Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 5
+lines.</p>
+
+<p>59. <span class="smcap">Psilopus orcifer</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Purpureus, facie pectoreque
+subcinereis, antennis, pedibus halteribusque nigris, abdomine
+cyaneo-viridi segmentorum marginibus posticis purpureis, alis
+nigricantibus margine postico cinereo. <i>Var.</i> Viridis, vertice cyaneo,
+abdominis segmentis basi nigris.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Purple, rather stout. Face and pectus slightly cinereous;
+antenn&aelig;, legs, and halteres black; abdomen bluish-green, hind borders of
+the segments purple; wings blackish, cinereous along the hind border,
+fore branch of the pr&aelig;brachial vein forming an obtuse angle, discal
+transverse vein very undulating. <i>Var.</i> Green. Vertex blue; abdominal
+segments black at the base. Length of the body 2&frac12; lines; of the wings
+5 lines.</p>
+
+<p>60. <span class="smcap">Psilopus egens</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Purpureus, facie pectoreque
+cyaneo-viridi cinereo subtomentosis, antennis, pedibus halteribusque
+nigris, metathorace viridi, abdomine cyaneo, suturis nigris, alis
+cinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Purple. Face and pectus slightly covered with
+cinereous tomentum, the latter bluish-green; antenn&aelig; black, arista much
+more than half the length of the body; metathorax green; abdomen blue,
+sutures black; legs and halteres black; wings grey, fore branch of the
+pr&aelig;brachial vein much curved inward, discal transverse vein straight;
+length of the body 2&frac12;&mdash;2&frac34; lines; of the wings 5 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. DOLICHOPUS, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>61. <span class="smcap">Dolichopus trigonifer</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Cupreo-viridis, facie
+argentea, antennis, pedibus halteribusque testaceis, pectore, ventre
+abdominisque<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span> maculis lateralibus trigonis albidis, abdomine purpureo
+marginibus posticis nigris, tarsis posterioribus nigricantibus, alis
+cinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Cupreous green. Face silvery; antenn&aelig;, legs, and halteres
+testaceous; pectus, abdomen beneath, and triangular spots on each side
+whitish; abdomen purple, hind borders of the segments black; posterior
+tarsi blackish; wings grey, veins black, pr&aelig;brachial vein forming a
+right angle at its flexure, between which and the border it is much
+curved inward, discal transverse vein very slightly curved outwards.
+Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines.</p>
+
+<p>This species resembles the <i>Psilopi</i> in the structure of the pr&aelig;brachial
+vein.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Diaphorus</span>, <i>Meigen.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>62. <span class="smcap">Diaphorus resumens</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Obscure viridis (mas) aut
+niger (f&oelig;m.), facie pectoreque albidis, antennis piceis, abdomine
+nigro-cupreo basi obscure testaceo, pedibus anterioribus tibiisque
+posticis basi obscure testaceis, pedibus posticis nigris, alis
+nigricantibus apud marginem posticum pallidioribus, halteribus
+testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Dark green (male) or black (female). Face and pectus
+whitish; antenn&aelig; piceous; abdomen cupreous-black, dull testaceous
+towards the base; hind legs black, hind tibi&aelig; towards the base and
+anterior legs dull testaceous; wings blackish, paler along the hind
+border, veins black, pr&aelig;brachial vein and discal transverse vein
+straight; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings
+3&frac12; lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. SYRPHID&AElig;, <i>Leach.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Ceria</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>63. <span class="smcap">Ceria smaragdina</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Saturate metallico-viridis,
+subtilissime punctata, faciei lateribus cupreis, antennis nigris, arista
+nivea, thorace bivittato, abdomine &aelig;neo-viridi, tarsis nigris, alis
+dimidio costali nigro, halteribus testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Deep metallic green, very finely punctured. Head blue in
+front, sides of the face cupreous-purple; mouth, antenn&aelig;, and tarsi
+black; arista snow-white; thorax with two almost contiguous darker
+stripes; abdomen &aelig;neous green, with the exception of the petiole, which
+is very thick; wings slightly greyish, costal half black; halteres
+testaceous. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 14 lines.</p>
+
+<p>64. <span class="smcap">Ceria relicta</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Nigra, faciei lateribus, thoracis
+maculis quatuor humeralibus, pectoris fasciis duabus lateralibus,
+scutello, abdominis maculis duabus basalibus fasciisque duabus flavis,
+tibiis flavescentibus apice piceis, alis apud costam nigris, halteribus
+testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Black. Head yellow beneath, and in front with the exception of a
+black stripe on the disk of the face; arista white; thorax with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span> two
+yellow spots on each side in front; scutellum yellow; pectus with an
+oblique yellow band on each side; abdomen not petiolated, with a tumid
+yellow spot on each side at the base, hind borders of the third and
+fourth segments yellow; femora at the tips and tibi&aelig; yellow, the latter
+piceous towards the tips, tarsi piceous; wings greyish-black towards the
+costa, excepting a lurid costal streak which extends along half the
+length from the base; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 6 lines;
+of the wings 11 lines.</p>
+
+<p>65. <span class="smcap">Ceria relicta</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Nigra, faciei lateribus abdominisque
+fasciis duabus flavis, antennis ferrugineo variis, pedibus fulvis, alis
+cinereis costam versus nigris, halteribus stramineis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Black. Head yellow, beneath and in front with the exception of
+a black stripe on the disk of the face; first and third joints of the
+antenn&aelig; somewhat ferruginous, arista white; thorax with two indistinct
+yellowish marks on the transverse suture, hind border of the scutellum
+and hind borders of the second and third abdominal segments yellow; legs
+tawny, tibi&aelig; paler towards the base; wings green, black for nearly half
+the breadth from the costa; halteres straw-colour. Length of the body 6
+lines; of the wings 11 lines.</p>
+
+<p>This may prove to be the female of <i>C. relictura</i>, notwithstanding its
+great difference from that species in the marks of the thorax and of the
+abdomen, and in the colour of the legs.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Microdon</span>, <i>Meig.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>66. <span class="smcap">Microdon fulvicornis</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Niger, aureo-subpubescens,
+antennis, abdomine, pedibus halteribusque fulvis, femoribus nigris,
+tibiis nigro vittatis, alis fuscis postice cinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Black. Head with gilded pubescence, cinereous behind and
+beneath; antenn&aelig; tawny, second joint above towards the tip and third
+joint piceous; thorax slightly covered with gilded tomentum; pectus with
+cinereous tomentum; abdomen with gilded tomentum towards the tip; legs
+tawny, femora mostly black, tibi&aelig; with black stripes; wings cinereous,
+dark-brown about the costa, veinlet which bisects the subapical areolet
+incomplete, as it is also in the following species; halteres tawny.
+Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines.</p>
+
+<p>67. <span class="smcap">Microdon apicalis</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Niger, aureo-pubescens,
+thorace abdomineque fasciatis, pedibus halteribusque fulvis, alis
+nigro-fuscis postice obscure cinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Black, with gilded tomentum, which forms two bands on
+the thorax, and one on each side of the pectus; abdomen with three
+gilded tomentose bands, the third subapical, first segment ferruginous
+beneath; legs tawny, femora at the base and cox&aelig; black; wings
+blackish-brown, dark cinereous hindward; halteres tawny. Length of the
+body 5-6 lines; of the wings 10-12 lines.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Graptomyza</span>, <i>Wied.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>68. <span class="smcap">Graptomyza tibialis</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Testacea, vertice pectorisque
+fasciis duabus piceis, antennis supra nigris, abdominis lateribus
+fasciis duabus subtrigonis apiceque nigris, alis cinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Testaceous. Vertex and mouth piceous; epistoma with a piceous
+line on each side; third joint of the antenn&aelig; black above; abdomen black
+along each side and at the tip, and with two black bands which are
+angular in front; wings cinereous. Length of the body 3&frac12; lines; of
+the wings 6 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Eristalis</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>69. Eristalis splendens, <i>Leguillon, Voy. aut. du Monde</i>; <i>Macq. Dipt.
+Exot.</i> 11. 2. 49. 28.</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Solomon's Islands.</p>
+
+<p>70. <span class="smcap">Eristalis resolutus</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Niger, capite antice
+albo, thorace vittis duabus fasciaque pectorisque disco cinereis,
+scutello fulvo, abdomine fasciis interruptis &aelig;neo-viridibus, tibiis basi
+fulvescentibus, alis fuscis (mas) aut obscure fuscis (f&oelig;m.) basi
+cinereis, halteribus testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Black. Head shining, with white tomentum beneath and
+on each side of the face; third joint of the antenn&aelig; piceous, arista
+simple; thorax with two cinereous stripes and with one cinereous band,
+somewhat chalybeous towards the scutellum, which is tawny; the band
+continued on each side of the pectus, whose disk is cinereous; abdomen
+with an interrupted &aelig;neous-green band on the second segment, third and
+fourth segments &aelig;neous-green, each with three large black spots; tibia
+somewhat tawny towards the base; wings brown (male) or dark brown
+(female), cinereous towards the base; halteres testaceous. Length of the
+body 6 lines; of the wings 10 lines.</p>
+
+<p>71. <span class="smcap">Eristalis conductus</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Niger, faciei lateribus albis,
+antennis, scutello, abdominis fasciis pedibusque testaceis, thorace
+antico albido, alis subcinereis apice obscurioribus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female</i>. Black. Head shining, with white tomentum behind, beneath and
+on each side of the face; antenn&aelig;, scutellum, and legs testaceous,
+arista simple; thorax whitish in front, the whitish part continued in a
+short band on each side of the pectus; abdomen testaceous at the base
+and beneath, and with three testaceous bands; hind tibi&aelig; with black
+tips; wings slightly greyish, darker towards the tips, cubital vein much
+less bent than usual; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 3&frac12;
+lines; of the wings 6 lines.</p>
+
+<p>72. <span class="smcap">Eristalis suavissimus</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Fulvus, capite testaceo
+vertice nigro, thorace vittis quinque testaceis, abdomine nigro maculis
+sex lutescentibus, segmentorum marginibus posticis &aelig;neis, pedibus nigris
+testaceo fasciatis, alis sublimpidis punctis duobus costalibus nigris.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Female</i>. Tawny. Head with testaceous tomentum, vertex black, shining;
+antenn&aelig; testaceous, arista simple; thorax with five testaceous stripes;
+pectus with two oblique testaceous bands on each side; abdomen black,
+with six somewhat luteous spots, the basal pair larger and darker than
+the middle pair, which are larger than the hind pair, apical segment
+with two testaceous points, hind borders of the segments &aelig;neous above,
+testaceous beneath; legs black, tibi&aelig; at the base and tarsi testaceous;
+wings nearly limpid, costa with two black points; halteres testaceous.
+Length of the body 5&frac12; lines; of the wings 10 lines.</p>
+
+<p>73. <span class="smcap">Eristalis musco&iuml;des</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Cyaneo-viridis subchalybeus,
+capitis callo antennisque fulvis, faciei lateribus albo tomentosis,
+thorace subvittato, abdomine nigro maculis &aelig;neo-viridibus, pedibus
+nigris, alis subcinereis, halteribus albis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Bluish-green, with a slight chalybeous tinge. Face with white
+tomentum along each side, middle callus tawny, shining; antenn&aelig; pale
+tawny, arista plumose; thorax with three indistinct black stripes, the
+lateral pair oblique, callus on each side beneath pale tawny; abdomen
+black, second segment with a broad interrupted bluish green band, third
+segment with four &aelig;neous-green streaks, fourth segment also with four
+streaks which are united on the hind border, ventral segments whitish on
+each side; legs black; femora bluish black towards the base; wings
+slightly cinereous; halteres white. Length of the body 4 lines; of the
+wings 8 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Helophilus</span>, <i>Meigen.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>74. Helophilus quadrivittatus, <i>Wied. Auss. Zweifl.</i> 11. 168. 22.
+(Eristalis).</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Hindostan.</p>
+
+<p>75. <span class="smcap">Helophilus mesoleucus</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Niger, faciei lateribus niveo
+tomentosis, thorace vittis quatuor canis, scutello, abdominis fascia
+antica latissima interrupta basique lutescentibus, alis cinereis, venis
+basi halteribusque fulvis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Black. Face with snow-white tomentum on each side; thorax with
+four hoary stripes; pectus with a cinereous disk; scutellum pale
+luteous; abdomen pale luteous at the base, and with a broad interrupted
+pale luteous band on the second segment, third and fourth segments
+somewhat chalybeous, the former livid along the fore border, under side
+with two lateral abbreviated pale luteous stripes; hind femora thick;
+wings grey, veins towards the base, and halteres, tawny. Length of the
+body 6&frac12; lines; of the wings 12 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Xylota</span>, <i>Meigen.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>76. <span class="smcap">Xylota ventralis</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Nigro-chalybea, capite albido
+tomentoso, scutello fulvo, vittis duabus ventralibus latis abbreviatis<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span>
+testaceis, pedibus piceo et testaceo variis, alis fuscis basi cinereis,
+halteribus testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Blackish chalybeous. Head with whitish tomentum, excepting the
+callus on the vertex and another on the front; mouth and antenn&aelig; black;
+scutellum tawny; abdomen beneath with two very broad testaceous stripes
+extending from the base to two-thirds of the length; legs dingy
+testaceous, femora and hind tibi&aelig; partly piceous, hind femora thick,
+piceous, slightly chalybeous, armed with spines beneath; wings dark
+brown, cinereous towards the base; halteres testaceous. Length of the
+body 4&frac12; lines; of the wings 8 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Orthoneura</span>, <i>Macq.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>77. <span class="smcap">Orthoneura basalis</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Chalybeo-nigra, nitens,
+cano-subtomentosa, antennis ferrugineis basi fulvis articulo tertio
+elongato, tarsis posterioribus piceis, tarsis anticis tibiisque
+anterioribus fulvis, his nigro fasciatis, alis subcinereis fusco
+fasciatis, halteribus testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Chalybeous-black, very shining, partly and slightly covered
+with hoary tomentum; antenn&aelig; tawny, third joint ferruginous, long,
+linear, tawny at the base; anterior tibi&aelig; tawny with a black band, fore
+tarsi tawny, hinder tarsi piceous; wings greyish, with a subapical brown
+band which is abbreviated hindward, veins towards the base and halteres
+testaceous; alul&aelig; whitish. Length of the body 3&frac12; lines; of the wings
+6 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Syrphus</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>78. Syrphus &aelig;grotus, <i>Fabr.</i> See Vol. I. p. 124.</p>
+
+<p>79. Syrphus ericetorum, <i>Fabr. Ent. Syst.</i> iv. 287. 34. Inhabits also
+Sierra Leone, Hindostan, and Java.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. MUSCID&AElig;, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Tachinides</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Masicera</span>, <i>Macq.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>80. <span class="smcap">Masicera notabilis</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Nigra, longiuscula, capite
+abdominisque fasciis albis, frontalibus atris, pectore cano, scutelli
+margine postico abdominisque lateribus ferrugineis, alis cinereis, venis
+fusco marginatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Black, rather long, with long stout bristles; head white,
+silvery, with white hairs behind and beneath, frontalia deep black,
+widening slightly to the face, facialia without bristles, epistoma not
+prominent; eyes bare; palpi ferruginous at the tips; antenn&aelig; extending
+to the epistoma, third joint slightly widening towards the tip, nearly
+four times the length of the second, arista slender, very much longer
+than the third joint; pectus and sides of the thorax hoary, hind border
+of the scutellum ferruginous; abdomen fusiform, much longer<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span> than the
+thorax, with a broad slightly interrupted white band on the fore border
+of each segment, sides of the second and third segments slightly
+ferruginous; wings grey, veins black bordered with brown, pr&aelig;brachial
+vein forming a slightly acute angle at its flexure, near which it is
+much curved inward, and is thence straight to its tip, discal transverse
+vein curved inward, parted by less than its length from the border, and
+by rather more than half its length from the flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial;
+alul&aelig; white; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 6 lines; of the
+wings 12 lines.</p>
+
+<p>81. <span class="smcap">Masicera? tentata</span>, n. s. Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa, capite argenteo
+frontalibus atris, antennarum articulo tertio basi rufo, thorace
+quadrivittato, abdomine?, pedibus longiusculis, alis nigricantibus
+postice cinereis.</p>
+
+<p>Black, with cinereous tomentum and with moderately stout bristles. Head
+silvery with white hairs behind and beneath, frontalia deep black,
+slightly widening towards the face, facialia without bristles, epistoma
+not prominent; antenn&aelig; extending nearly to the epistoma; third joint
+cinereous, slender, linear, red towards the base, rounded at the tip,
+more than four times the length of the second; arista slender, much
+longer than the third joint; thorax with four slender black stripes;
+scutellum not cinereous; abdomen wanting; legs rather long and slender;
+wings blackish, cinereous hindward and at the tips, veins black,
+pr&aelig;brachial vein forming a very obtuse angle at its flexure, from whence
+it is almost straight to its tip, discal transverse vein slightly
+undulating, parted by much less than its length from the border, and by
+a little less than its length from the flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial; alul&aelig;
+large, yellowish white; halteres piceous. Length of the body 4? lines;
+of the wings 7 lines.</p>
+
+<p>82. <span class="smcap">Masicera solennis</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Nigra, breviuscula,
+cinereo-tomentosa, capite albo, frontalibus atris, thorace
+quadrivittato, scutelli margine postico ferrugineo, abdomine
+subtessellato, alis cinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Black, rather short, with cinereous tomentum. Head white, with
+white hairs behind and beneath, frontalia deep black, widening towards
+the face, facialia without bristles, epistoma not prominent; eyes bare;
+antenn&aelig; almost reaching the epistoma, third joint cinereous, linear,
+rounded at the tip, more than four times the length of of the second,
+arista slightly stout towards the base, much longer than the third
+joint; thorax with four slender black stripes; scutellum ferruginous
+along the hind border; abdomen short-conical, with three broad
+interrupted cinereous bands; legs rather short; wings grey, veins black,
+pr&aelig;brachial vein forming a slightly obtuse angle at its flexure, from
+whence it is almost straight to its tip, discal transverse vein nearly
+straight, parted by much less than its length from the border and by a
+little less than its length from the flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial; alul&aelig;
+cinereous. Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>83. <span class="smcap">Masicera simplex</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Nigra, capite albo, frontalibus
+atris, thorace cinereo-tomentoso quadrivittato, abdomine fasciis
+cinereis late interruptis, alis cinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Black, with stout bristles. Head white, with white hairs
+beneath, frontalia deep black, linear, face oblique, facialia without
+bristles, epistoma not prominent; eyes bare; antenn&aelig; almost reaching the
+epistoma, third joint cinereous, linear, rather broad, almost truncated
+at the tip, about four times the length of the second, arista slender,
+very much longer than the third joint; thorax and pectus with cinereous
+tomentum, the former with four slender black stripes; abdomen shining,
+subelliptical, a little longer than the thorax, with a widely
+interrupted cinereous band on the fore border of each segment; legs
+stout; wings cinereous; veins black; pr&aelig;brachial vein forming a very
+obtuse angle at its flexure, from whence it is straight to its tip,
+discal transverse vein almost straight, parted by hardly less than its
+length from the border, and by very much more than its length from the
+flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial; alul&aelig; white. Length of the body 3&frac12; lines;
+of the wings 6 lines.</p>
+
+<p>84. <span class="smcap">Masicera guttata</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Nigra, capite albo, frontalibus
+atris, thoracis vittis tribus pectoreque cinereis, abdomine guttis
+lateralibus albis, alis cinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Black, with short slight bristles. Head white, frontalia deep
+black, widening slightly towards the epistoma, face oblique, facialia
+without bristles, epistoma not prominent; antenn&aelig; reaching the epistoma,
+third joint linear, slightly truncated at the tip, full four times the
+length of the second, arista slender; thorax with three cinereous
+stripes; pectus cinereous; abdomen elongate-oval, a little longer than
+the thorax, a row of white dots along each side on the fore borders of
+the segments; wings cinereous, a little darker along the costa towards
+the base, veins black, pr&aelig;brachial vein forming a very obtuse angle at
+its flexure, from whence it is almost straight to its tips; discal
+transverse vein straight, parted by more than its length from the border
+and by nearly twice its length from the flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial;
+alul&aelig; whitish. Length of the body 2&frac12; lines; of the wings 4 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Eurygaster</span>, <i>Macq.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>85. <span class="smcap">Eurygaster tentans</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Nigra, latiuscula, cinereo
+tomentosa, capite albo, frontalibus atris, thorace vittis quatuor
+nigris, scutelli margine postico ferrugineo, abdomine subtessellato,
+alis cinereis apud costam subfuscis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Black, rather broad, with cinereous tomentum. Head white, with
+white hairs behind and beneath, frontalia deep black, narrow, widening
+towards the face, which is oblique, facialia with bristles along more
+than one-third of the length from the frontalia, epistoma not prominent;
+eyes pubescent, palpi ferruginous; antenn&aelig; extending<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span> to the epistoma,
+third joint cinereous, hardly widening from the base to the tip, which
+is somewhat truncated, arista slender, very much longer than the third
+joint; thorax with four indistinct black stripes; scutellum ferruginous
+hindward; abdomen conical, not longer than the thorax, with three broad,
+slightly interrupted, cinereous bands, second segment indistinctly
+ferruginous on each side; legs stout; wings grey, slightly brownish in
+front, veins black, testaceous towards the base, pr&aelig;brachial vein
+forming an obtuse angle at its flexure, hardly curved inward from thence
+to its tip, discal transverse vein very slightly undulating, parted by
+much less than its length from the border and from the flexure of the
+pr&aelig;brachial; alul&aelig; whitish. Length of the body 4&frac12; lines; of the wings
+8 lines.</p>
+
+<p>86. <span class="smcap">Eurygaster decipiens</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Nigra, aureo-tomentosa, capite
+antico argenteo frontalibus atris, antennis ferrugineis, thorace vittis
+quatuor nigris, abdomine fulvo subtessellato vitta basali nigra, pedibus
+fulvis, alis cinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Black, stout, with gilded tomentum. Head silvery white in
+front and beneath, frontalia deep black, widening slightly towards the
+upright face, the bristles on each side hardly extending to the
+facialia, epistoma not prominent; eyes bare; antenn&aelig; ferruginous,
+extending to the epistoma, third joint linear, somewhat truncated at the
+tip, more than four times the length of the second joint, arista
+slender, much longer than the third joint; thorax with numerous long
+bristles, with four slight black stripes; pectus cinereous; abdomen
+tawny, conical, not longer than the thorax, with short stout bristles,
+and with three broad, slightly gilded, somewhat interrupted bands, a
+short black stripe at the base; legs tawny, stout, tibi&aelig; darker than the
+femora, tarsi piceous; wings grey, somewhat darker in front, veins
+black, pr&aelig;brachial vein forming a right angle at its flexure, near which
+it is much curved inward, discal transverse vein nearly straight, parted
+by more than half its length from the border, and by a little less than
+its length from the flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial; alul&aelig; slightly
+cinereous. Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7 lines.</p>
+
+<p>87. <span class="smcap">Eurygaster phasio&iuml;des</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Nigra, cano-tomentosa, capite
+albo frontalibus atris, antennis, scutello, abdomine femoribusque
+fulvis, abdomine fasciis duabus posticis albidis vittaque nigra, alis
+cinereis basi albis, costa plagaque nigricantibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Black, with hoary tomentum. Head white, frontalia deep black,
+widening towards the upright face, facialia with bristles along more
+than half the length from the epistoma, which is not prominent; eyes
+bare; palpi testaceous; antenn&aelig; tawny, extending to the epistoma, third
+joint linear, slightly rounded at the tip, more than four times the
+length of the second joint, arista slender, much longer than the third
+joint; thorax with four very slender black stripes;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span> abdomen tawny,
+short-oval, not longer than the thorax, with a black stripe which does
+not extend to the tip, third and fourth segments with a white band along
+each fore border; legs very stout, femora tawny; wings cinereous, white
+and with testaceous veins at the base, blackish along the costa, and
+with a broad black band which is abbreviated hindward, pr&aelig;brachial vein
+forming an obtuse angle at its flexure, from whence it is very slightly
+curved inward to its tip, discal transverse vein nearly straight, parted
+by much less than its length from the border, and by hardly less than
+its length from the flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial; alul&aelig; whitish. Length of
+the body 3&frac12; lines; of the wings 6 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Dexides</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Rutilia</span>, <i>Desv.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>88. Rutilia plumicornis, <i>Gu&eacute;rin, Macq. Dipt. Exot.</i> 11. 3. 82. 3. Pl.
+9. f. 8.</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Offak, New Guinea.</p>
+
+<p>89. <span class="smcap">Rutilia angustipennis</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Nigro-viridis, capite cinereo
+frontalibus atris, thoracis lateribus subpurpurascentibus, scutello
+purpureo, abdomine viridi basi purpureo, tibiis ferrugineis, alis
+angustis lanceolatis obscure fuscis basi nigris.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Blackish-green. Head cinereous, frontalia deep black, widening
+much towards the face, epistoma very prominent, arista stout, bare;
+thorax with almost obsolete stripes, purplish along each side; scutellum
+mostly purple; abdomen dark green, purple at the base; legs black, tibi&aelig;
+ferruginous; wings narrow, lanceolate, dark brown, black towards the
+base, pr&aelig;brachial vein forming a much rounded angle at its flexure, near
+which it is slightly curved inward, and is thence straight to its tip,
+discal transverse vein very slightly undulating, parted by less than
+half its length from the border, and by much more than half its length
+from the flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial; alul&aelig; dark brownish cinereous.
+Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 16 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. DEXIA, <i>Meigen.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>90. <span class="smcap">Dexia pectoralis</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Testacea, capite pectoreque albis
+frontalibus atris, antennis fulvis, thorace cinereo vittis quatuor
+nigris, abdomine fulvo apicem versus spinoso fasciis duabus nigris,
+pedibus longis tibiis tarsisque nigris, alis cinereis venis subfusco
+late marginatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Testaceous. Head white, frontalia deep black, widening towards
+the face, facialia without bristles, epistoma prominent; antenn&aelig; tawny,
+not reaching the epistoma, third joint of the antenn&aelig; long, linear,
+arista plumose; thorax cinereous, with four black stripes, of which the
+inner pair are much narrower than the outer pair; scutellum<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span> tawny
+hindward; pectus white; abdomen tawny, with a few spines towards the
+tip, hind borders of the third and fourth segments and tips black; legs
+long, black, cox&aelig; and femora testaceous; wings grey, veins very broadly
+bordered with pale brown, pr&aelig;brachial vein forming a slightly obtuse
+angle at its flexure, between which and its tip it is slightly curved
+inward, discal transverse vein undulating, parted by about half its
+length from the border, and by a little less than its length from the
+flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial; alul&aelig; cinereous. Length of the body 4 lines;
+of the wings 9 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. PROSENA, <i>St.-Farg.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>91. <span class="smcap">Prosena Argentata</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Testacea (mas) aut nigra
+(f&oelig;m.), capite thoraceque argenteis, antennis fulvis, abdomine longo
+fasciis vittaque nigris (mas) aut breviore fasciis cinereis lateribusque
+basi testaceis (f&oelig;m.), pedibus nigris femoribus testaceis, alis
+subfuscescentibus (mas) aut cinereis (f&oelig;m.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Head and thorax with bright silvery tomentum,
+facialia without bristles, epistoma slightly prominent; eyes bare; mouth
+black, testaceous towards the base, full as long as the thorax; antenn&aelig;
+tawny, not reaching the epistoma, arista plumose; legs black, cox&aelig; and
+femora testaceous; wings grey, veins black. <i>Male.</i> Testaceous. Pectus
+mostly white; abdomen elongate-conical, with slight whitish reflexions,
+dorsal stripe and hind borders of the segments black; legs long; wings
+brownish towards the costa and about the veins, pr&aelig;brachial vein forming
+a slightly obtuse angle at its flexure, between which and its tip it is
+very slightly curved inward, discal transverse vein hardly undulating,
+parted by less than half its length from the border, and by less than
+its length from the flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial. Length of the body 5
+lines; of the wings 10 lines. <i>Female</i>. Black. Pectus silvery; scutellum
+deep black; abdomen conical, with broad cinereous bands, first and
+second segments with broad interrupted testaceous bands, a testaceous
+mark on each side of the third segment at the base; legs rather long,
+femora with black tips; pr&aelig;brachial vein forming a right angle at its
+flexure, curved inward from thence to its tip, discal transverse vein
+curved inward near its hind end, parted by less than its length from the
+border and from the flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial. Length of the body 3&frac12;
+lines; of the wings 7 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Sarcophagides</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Sarcophaga</span>, <i>Meigen.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>92. <span class="smcap">Sarcophaga compta</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa, capite
+aurato subtus fulvo piloso, thorace vittis tribus nigris, abdomine
+tessellato, alis obscure cinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Black, with cinereous tomentum. Head gilded in front, clothed
+behind and beneath with tawny hairs, frontalia deep black,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span> hardly
+widening towards the face; thorax with three black very distinctly
+marked stripes, the middle one dilated on the scutellum; abdomen
+distinctly tessellated with six large cinereous excavated spots; wings
+grey, pr&aelig;brachial vein forming a right angle at its flexure, near which
+it is much curved inward, and is thence straight to its tip, discal
+transverse vein hardly undulating, parted by much less than its length
+from the border, and by little more than half its length from the
+flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial; alul&aelig; white. Length of the body 5 lines; of
+the wings 10 lines.</p>
+
+<p>93. <span class="smcap">Sarcophaga invaria</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa,
+capite <i>maris</i> albo, thorace vittis quinque nigris, abdomine tessellato,
+alis cinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Black, with cinereous tomentum. Thorax with five
+black stripes, the lateral pair incomplete; abdomen distinctly
+tessellated, the spots being much excavated; wings grey, pr&aelig;brachial
+vein forming a right angle at its flexure, near which it is much curved
+inward, and is thence straight to its tip, discal transverse vein hardly
+undulating, parted by much less than its length from the border, and by
+rather more than half its length from the flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial;
+alul&aelig; white. <i>Male</i>. Head silvery white, frontalia deep black, linear;
+tomentum of the thorax and of the abdomen more whitish than that of the
+female. <i>Female</i>. Frontalia slightly widening towards the face. Length
+of the body 4&mdash;4&frac12; lines; of the wings 8 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Muscides</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Idia</span>, <i>Meigen.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>94. Idia australis, <i>Walk. Cat. Dipt.</i> pt. 4. 809.</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Australia.</p>
+
+<p>95. <span class="smcap">Idia &aelig;qualis</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> &AElig;nea, capite subtuberculato, thoracis
+lateribus pectoreque albido-testaceis lineis duabus lateralibus &aelig;neis,
+abdomine fulvo fasciis tribus &aelig;neis, pedibus testaccis tibiis apice
+femoribusque &aelig;neis, alis cinereis apice nigricantibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> &AElig;neous-whitish, testaceous beneath. Head with minute tubercles
+on each side of the front, frontalia piceous, linear; thorax with an
+&aelig;neous stripe on each side in a line with the base of the wings, and
+with numerous points between these lines and the disk; abdomen pale
+tawny, with three &aelig;neous bands on the hind borders of the segments; legs
+testaceous, tibi&aelig; towards the tips and femora &aelig;neous; wings greyish,
+with blackish tips, pr&aelig;brachial vein forming an obtuse and much-rounded
+angle at its flexure, from whence it is almost straight to its tip,
+discal transverse vein parted by about half its length from the border
+and by about its length from the flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial; alul&aelig; very
+slightly cinereous; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 3&frac12; lines;
+of the wings 6 lines.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Musca</span>, <i>Linn.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>96. <span class="smcap">Musca gloriosa</span>, n. s. (genus Silbomyia, <i>Macq.</i>) <i>F&oelig;m.</i>
+Cyaneo-viridis, capite l&aelig;tissime aurato frontalibus atris, antennis
+pedibusque nigris, thorace vittis quatuor cupreis, pectore maculis
+quatuor albis, abdomine viridi-cyaneo, vitta tenui purpurea, alis
+cinereis apud costam nigris, alulis albis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Golden green. Head brilliantly gilded, frontalia deep black,
+widening towards the face; a brilliantly-gilded lanceolate streak
+between the antenn&aelig;, which are black; epistoma piceous, slightly
+prominent; thorax with four cupreous stripes; pectus with four white
+tomentose spots; abdomen greenish blue with a very slender purple
+stripe; legs black, femora blackish green; wings grey, black for full
+one-third of the breadth from the costa, pr&aelig;brachial vein forming a very
+obtuse angle at its flexure, from whence it is nearly straight to its
+tip, discal transverse vein very slightly undulating, parted by less
+than half its length from the border, and by more than half its length
+from the flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial; alul&aelig; pure white. Length of the
+body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines.</p>
+
+<p>97. <span class="smcap">Musca opulenta</span>, N. S. (genus Silbomyia, <i>Macq.</i>) <i>F&oelig;m.</i>
+Aureo-viridis, Capite Aurato, Frontalibus atris, antennis piceis,
+thorace vittis quatuor subobsoletis cupreis, pectore maculis duabus
+albis, alis cinereis apud costam nigris, alulis albis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Golden green. Head brightly gilded, frontalia deep black,
+linear, epistoma piceous, slightly prominent; antenn&aelig; piceous; thorax
+with four almost obsolete cupreous stripes; pectus with a spot of white
+tomentum on each side; abdomen with a very indistinct cupreous stripe;
+tibi&aelig; and tarsi black; wings grey, black along the costa, pr&aelig;brachial
+vein forming a right angle at its flexure, near which it is slightly
+curved inward, and is thence straight to its tip, discal transverse vein
+undulating, parted by more than half its length from the border and from
+the flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial; alul&aelig; white. Length of the body 4&frac12;
+lines; of the wings 8 lines.</p>
+
+<p>98. <span class="smcap">Musca macularis</span>, n. s. (genus Chrysomyia? <i>Desv.</i>) <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i>
+Aureo-viridis, capite argenteo antice aurato frontalibus atris, antennis
+pedibusque nigris, thorace vittis tribus cupreis vix conspicuis,
+scutello cyaneo, pectore maculis quatuor lateralibus albo tomentosis,
+abdomine viridi-cyaneo maculis quatuor lateralibus albis, alis cinereis
+basi nigricantibus, alulis nigricantibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Golden green. Head brightly gilded, white behind;
+antenn&aelig;, tibi&aelig;, and tarsi black; thorax with three indistinct cupreous
+stripes; scutellum blue; pectus with two white tomentose spots on each
+side; abdomen greenish blue with two transverse white spots on each
+side; femora blackish-green; wings grey, blackish at the base,
+pr&aelig;brachial vein forming a slightly obtuse angle at its flexure, nearly
+straight from thence to its tip, discal transverse vein curved<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span> outward
+towards its fore end, parted by about half its length from the border,
+and by much less than its length from the flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial;
+alul&aelig; blackish. <i>Female.</i> Head with a silvery white vertex, frontalia
+deep black, linear. Length of the body 56 lines; of the wings 10-12
+lines.</p>
+
+<p>99. <span class="smcap">Musca marginifera</span>, n. s. (genus Lucilia, <i>Desv.</i>) <i>F&oelig;m.</i>
+Viridi-cyanea, capite albido frontalibus atris, antennis pedibusque
+nigris, abdominis segmentis purpureo marginatis, alis cinereis basi
+subnigricantibus, alulis cinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Greenish-blue. Head whitish, frontalia deep black, linear,
+face and third joint of the antenn&aelig; cinereous; abdomen with a purple
+band on the hind border of each segment; legs black; wings grey, almost
+blackish at the base, pr&aelig;brachial vein forming a hardly obtuse angle at
+its flexure, between which and its tip it is hardly curved inward,
+discal transverse vein nearly straight, parted by about half its length
+from the border, and by more than half its length from the flexure of
+the pr&aelig;brachial; alul&aelig; cinereous. Length of the body 4&frac12; lines; of the
+wings 9 lines.</p>
+
+<p>100. <span class="smcap">Musca benedicta</span>, n. s. (genus Pyrellia, <i>Desv.</i>) <i>Mas.</i>
+Aureo-viridis, capite albo, antennis pedibusque nigris, alis cinereis
+basi subluridis venis basi fulvis, alulis testaceo-cinereis. <i>Var.</i>?
+Abdominis apice purpureo.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Golden green. Head white in front; antenn&aelig; and legs black; wings
+cinereous, slightly lurid towards the base, veins tawny towards the
+base, pr&aelig;brachial vein curved at the flexure, almost straight from
+thence to the tip, discal transverse vein slightly undulating, parted by
+full half its length from the border, and by little less than its length
+from the flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial; alul&aelig; cinereous with a testaceous
+tinge. <i>Var.</i>? or a distinct species: darker; abdomen purple at the tip.
+Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines.</p>
+
+<p>101. <span class="smcap">Musca obtrusa</span>, n. s. (genus Pyrellia, <i>Desv.</i>) <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i>
+Purpureo-cyanea, antennis pedibusque nigris, alis cinereis, alulis
+obscurioribus.</p>
+
+<p>Very nearly allied to <i>M. refixa</i> and to <i>M. perfixa</i>, but differing
+slightly in the veins of the wings. <i>Male and Female.</i> Blue, more or
+less mingled with purple. Head black, slightly cinereous in front;
+antenn&aelig; and legs black; wings grey, veins black, pr&aelig;brachial vein
+forming an almost angular curve at its flexure, nearly straight from
+thence to its tip, discal transverse vein very slightly undulating,
+parted by little more than half its length from the border, and by about
+its length from the flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial; alul&aelig; dark cinereous.
+Length of the body 2&frac12;&mdash;3 lines; of the wings 5-6 lines.</p>
+
+<p>102. Musca domestica, <i>Linn.</i> See Vol. I. p. 128.</p>
+
+<p>103. <span class="smcap">Musca obscurata</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Nigra, subcinerascens, capite
+postico albo, thorace vittis quatuor angustis nigris, abdomine
+tessellato,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span> alis obscure cinereis apud costam nigricantibus, alulis
+testaceo-cinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Black, slightly covered with cinereous tomentum. Head white
+behind; thorax with four slender black stripes; abdomen distinctly
+tessellated with four rows of cinereous reflecting spots; wings very
+dark grey, blackish towards the costa, pr&aelig;brachial vein forming a
+somewhat rounded and very slightly obtuse angle at its flexure, hardly
+curved inward from thence to its tip, discal transverse vein slightly
+undulating, parted by less than half its length from the body, and by
+more than half its length from the flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial; alul&aelig;
+cinereous, with a testaceous tinge. Length of the body 3&frac12; lines; of
+the wings 7 lines.</p>
+
+<p>104. <span class="smcap">Musca patiens</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa,
+frontalibus antennisque piceis, thorace vittis quatuor tenuissimis
+nigris, abdomine tessellato, alis cinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Black, with cinereous tomentum. Head whitish behind, frontalia
+piceous, linear; antenn&aelig; piceous; thorax with four very slender black
+stripes; abdomen tessellated; wings grey, veins black, pr&aelig;brachial vein
+forming an obtuse and somewhat rounded angle at its flexure, from whence
+it is hardly curved inward to its tip, discal transverse vein
+undulating, parted by less than half its length from the border, and by
+more than half its length from the flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial; alul&aelig;
+slightly cinereous, with testaceous borders. Length of the body 3 lines;
+of the wings 6 lines.</p>
+
+<p>105. <span class="smcap">Musca eristalo&iuml;des</span>, n. s. (genus Pollenia? <i>Desv.</i>) <i>Mas et
+F&oelig;m.</i> Aureo tomentosa, crassa, subtus testacea, capite antico albo
+frontalibus antice rufis, antennis piceis basi rufis, thorace vittis
+tribus abbreviatis fulvis, scutello cyaneo, abdomine cyaneo basi
+fasciisque duabus albis, pedibus fulvis, tibiis tarsisque nigris, alis
+cinereis apud costam fuscescentibus. <i>Var. mas.</i> Minor, thorace vittis
+tribus nigris.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Body thick; head white; frontalia of the female
+piceous, linear, red in front; epistoma prominent; proboscis long; palpi
+whitish; antenn&aelig; piceous, red at the base; thorax with gilded tomentum,
+and with three tawny bands which are abbreviated hindward, scutellum
+blue; pectus testaceous; abdomen blue, white at the base and with two
+white bands on the 3rd and 4th segments, 1st segment with a transverse
+blue spot on each side; legs tawny, tibi&aelig; and tarsi black; wings grey,
+blackish along the exterior part of the costa, pr&aelig;brachial vein forming
+a right but rounded angle at its flexure, near which it is curved inward
+and is thence straight to its tip, discal transverse vein slightly
+undulating, parted by a little more than half its length from the
+border, and by much more than half its length from the flexure of the
+pr&aelig;brachial; alul&aelig; testaceous. <i>Var. Male.</i> Smaller; thorax with three
+black stripes; abdomen with only<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span> one white band, which is on the 4th
+segment. Length of the body 4-5 lines; of the wings 8-10 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Bengalia</span>, <i>Desv.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>106. <span class="smcap">Bengalia spissa</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Fulva, capite nigro antice
+albo, antennis testaceis, pectore fasciis duabus obliquis albidis,
+pedibus nigris femoribus basi coxisque fulvis, alis cinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Tawny. Head black, with silvery tomentum in front,
+epistoma not prominent; palpi black; antenn&aelig; testaceous; pectus with an
+oblique whitish band on each side; legs black, femora towards the base
+and cox&aelig; tawny; wings grey, veins black, testaceous towards the base,
+pr&aelig;brachial vein forming an obtuse and rounded angle at its flexure,
+which is very near the border of the wing, straight from thence to its
+tip, discal transverse vein straight, parted by much less than its
+length from the border, and by very much more than its length from the
+flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial; alul&aelig; testaceous. Length of the body 3&frac12;
+lines; of the wings 7 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Anthomyides</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Aricia</span>, <i>Macq.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>107. <span class="smcap">Aricia significans</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Fulva, subtus testacea,
+capite nigro argenteo-tomentoso, antennis testaceis, thorace vittis
+tribus albidis, abdominis apice piceo, alis cinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Tawny, testaceous beneath. Head black, with silvery
+tomentum, vertex much broader in the female than in the male; palpi
+tawny; antenn&aelig; testaceous; thorax with three whitish stripes in the
+disk, and with one on each side; abdomen piceous at the tip; tarsi
+blackish towards the tips; wings cinereous, veins black, tawny towards
+the base, discal transverse vein hardly undulating, parted by more than
+its length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse, and by less than its length
+from the border; alul&aelig; pale cinereous, with testaceous borders. Length
+of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7 lines.</p>
+
+<p>108. <span class="smcap">Aricia canivitta</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Fulva, subtus testacea, capite
+nigro, facie argentea, palpis antennisque testaceis, thoracis disco,
+abdominis plagis duabus trigonis pedibusque nigris, thorace vitta cana,
+alis cinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Tawny, testaceous beneath. Head black, face silvery; palpi and
+antenn&aelig; testaceous; disk of the thorax blackish, with a broad hoary
+stripe; disk of the scutellum piceous; second and third segments of the
+abdomen with triangular black bands; legs black, cox&aelig; and trochanters
+testaceous; wings grey, veins black, discal transverse vein hardly
+curved inward, parted by more than half its length from the border, and
+by a little less than its length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse; alul&aelig;
+pale cinereous, with testaceous borders. Length of the body 3&frac12; lines,
+of the wings 7 lines.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Anthomyia</span>, <i>Meigen.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>109. <span class="smcap">Anthomyia procellaria</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Nigra, subtus albida, capite
+argenteo, thorace fasciis duabus (prima interrupta) albis, abdomine
+vitta tenui fasciisque interruptis albidis, alis cinereis, halteribus
+testaceis.</p>
+
+<p>Nearly allied to <i>A. pluvialis</i> and to <i>A. tonitrui. Male.</i> Black,
+whitish beneath. Head silvery; thorax with two whitish bands, the first
+interrupted in the middle, widened on each side; scutellum elongate;
+abdomen with a slender whitish stripe, and with interrupted whitish
+bands, which are widened on each side; wings grey, veins black, discal
+transverse vein nearly straight, parted by less than half its length
+from the border and by hardly less than its length from the pr&aelig;brachial
+transverse; alul&aelig; grey, with testaceous borders; halteres testaceous.
+Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">C&aelig;nosia</span>, <i>Meigen.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>110. <span class="smcap">C&aelig;nosia luteicornis</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Cana, capite antennisque pallide
+luteis, abdomine basi testaceo maculis octo nigris, pedibus
+halteribusque testaceis, alis sublimpidis apice nigris.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Hoary. Head pale luteous, frontalia darker, widening towards the
+face; palpi white; antenn&aelig; pale luteous, extending to the epistoma,
+third joint long, slender, linear, arista plumose for half the length
+from the base; abdomen testaceous towards the base, with four dorsal
+black spots and with two black spots on each side towards the tip; legs
+testaceous; wings nearly limpid, with a black apical spot, discal
+transverse vein nearly straight, parted by less than its length from the
+border and by very much more than its length from the pr&aelig;brachial
+transverse; alul&aelig; white; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 3
+lines; of the wings 5 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Helomyzides</span>, <i>Fallen.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">C&oelig;lopa</span>, <i>Meigen.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>111. <span class="smcap">C&oelig;lopa inconspicua</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Cinerea, antennis piceis,
+pectore antico, abdomine pedibusque fulvis, his nigro variis, alis
+cinereis, halteribus testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Cinereous, flat. Antenn&aelig; piceous; fore part of the pectus,
+abdomen and legs tawny, the latter with diffuse blackish bands; wings
+grey, veins black, with the usual structure, tawny towards the base;
+halteres testaceous. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 3&frac12;
+lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Xarnuta</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>112. Xarnuta leucotelus, <i>Walk.</i> See Vol. I. p. 28.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Helomyza</span>, <i>Fallen</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>113. <span class="smcap">Helomyza picipes</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Fulva, capite, antennis
+femoribusque nigris, abdominis segmentis nigro marginatis, tibiis
+tarsisque piceis, alis cinereis apud costam luridis vena discali
+transversa fusco subnebulosa, halteribus testaceis. <i>Var.</i> Thoracis
+vitta lata abdomineque piceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Tawny. Head and antenn&aelig; black, arista plumose; thorax with two
+slender, darker, almost obsolete stripes; hind borders of the abdominal
+segments black; legs piceous, femora black, cox&aelig; tawny; wings grey, with
+a lurid tinge towards the costa, discal transverse vein straight,
+slightly clouded with brown, parted by about half its length from the
+border, and by more than twice its length from the pr&aelig;brachial
+transverse; halteres testaceous. <i>Var.</i> Thorax with a broad piceous
+stripe; abdomen piceous. Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6
+lines.</p>
+
+<p>114. <span class="smcap">Helomyza atripennis</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Fulva, scutello nigro, pectore
+piceo, abdomine ferrugineo, alis nigris postice cinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Tawny. Antenn&aelig; pale tawny, arista plumose; thorax with two
+slender, darker, almost obsolete stripes; scutellum black; pectus
+piceous; abdomen ferruginous; wings black, cinereous along the hind
+border for more than half its length from the base, veins as in the
+preceding species. Length of the body 2&frac12; lines; of the wings 5 lines.</p>
+
+<p>115. <span class="smcap">Helomyza restituta</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m</i>. Testacea, abdomine punctis sex
+nigris, alis cinereis apice nigricantibus venis transversis nigricante
+nebulosis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Testaceous. Third, fourth, and fifth segments of the abdomen
+with two black points on each fore border; wings grey, with a slight
+lurid tinge towards the costa, blackish at the tips, transverse veins
+clouded with blackish, veins with the usual structure. Length of the
+body 2&frac12; lines; of the wings 5 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Dryomyza</span>, <i>Fallen.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>116. <span class="smcap">Dryomyza semicyanea</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Ferruginea, vertice piceo,
+antennis fulvis, thorace cyanescente, abdomine cyaneo basi ferrugineo,
+pedibus testaceis, alis subcinereis apud costam luridis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Ferruginous. Vertex piceous, face slightly covered with
+whitish tomentum; antenn&aelig; tawny, arista very minutely pubescent; thorax
+tinged with blue; abdomen blue, tawny at the base; legs testaceous;
+wings greyish, lurid along the costa, veins tawny, pr&aelig;brachial vein
+forming a very slight angle where it joins the discal transverse, with a
+slight curve from thence to its tip, pr&aelig;brachial transverse stout,
+slightly clouded, discal transverse straight, upright, parted by much
+less than half its length from the border and by a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span> little more than its
+length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse; halteres testaceous. Length of
+the body 3&frac12;&mdash;4&frac12; lines; of the wings 7-9 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Sepedon</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>117. <span class="smcap">Sepedon costalis</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Cinerea, capite testaceo guttis
+quatuor nigris, antennis nigris basi testaceis arista alba, abdomine
+pedibusque fulvis femoribus posticis denticulatis, alis
+fuscescenti-cinereis, costa testacea.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Cinereous. Head testaceous, with a black dot on each side above
+and two more towards the mouth; antenn&aelig; black, testaceous at the base,
+second joint very long, arista white; thorax with four slender
+indistinct darker lines, pectus hoary; abdomen and legs tawny, tarsi
+piceous, hind femora denticulated; wings brownish cinereous, slightly
+testaceous along the costa; halteres testaceous. Length of the body
+4&frac12; lines; of the wings 8 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Lauxanides</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Lauxania</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>118. <span class="smcap">Lauxania duplicans</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Nigro-cyanea, antennis piceis,
+articulo tertio longissimo, tarsis basi albidis, tibiis intermediis
+sordide albidis, alis limpidis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Blackish-blue, shining. Antenn&aelig; piceous, third joint very
+long, reddish beneath, arista bare; legs black, tarsi whitish towards
+the base, middle tibi&aelig; dingy whitish; wings limpid, veins pale, discal
+transverse vein white, parted by a little less than its length from the
+border and by nearly twice its length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse;
+halteres white. Length of the body 2&mdash;2&frac12; lines; of the wings 3-4
+lines.</p>
+
+<p>119. <span class="smcap">Lauxania minuens</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Nigra, nitens, antennis longis
+arista nuda, tarsis albidis, alis sublimpidis, halteribus albis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Black, shining. Third joint of the antenn&aelig; long, arista bare;
+tarsi whitish; wings very slightly greyish, veins pale, of the usual
+structure; halteres white. Length of the body 1&frac14; line; of the wings
+2&frac12; lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Lonch&aelig;a</span>, <i>Fallen.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>120. <span class="smcap">Lonch&aelig;a</span>? <span class="smcap">inops</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Nigra, nitens, antennis
+piceis arista plumosa, scutello ferrugineo, tibiis, tarsis halteribusque
+fulvis, alis subcinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Black, shining. Antenn&aelig; piceous, third joint short,
+arista plumose; scutellum somewhat ferruginous; tibi&aelig;;, tarsi, and
+halteres tawny; wings slightly greyish, veins pale, discal transverse
+vein parted by much less than its length from the border and by nearly
+twice its length from the flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial. Length of the body
+1&frac12; line; of the wings 3 lines.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Ortalides</span>, <i>Haliday.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Lamprogaster</span>, <i>Macq.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>121. <span class="smcap">Lamprogaster quadrilinea</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Cyaneo-viridis;
+capite pedibusque nigris; antennis piceis, basi rufis; thorace vittis
+quatuor albidis; abdomine purpureo-cyaneo; alis limpidis, litura basali,
+fasciis duabus (prima abbreviata, secunda interrupta) strigaque costali
+apicali nigris.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Bluish green. Head black; proboscis red at the tip;
+antenn&aelig; piceous, red at the base; thorax with two whitish stripes on
+each side; abdomen purplish blue; legs black, tarsi with pale tomentum
+towards the base; wings limpid, two black streaks, one basal including a
+limpid dot, the other apical, first band oblique, extending from the
+costa to the disk, second widely interrupted in the middle, its hind
+part occupying the discal transverse vein; veins black, testaceous along
+the costa; pr&aelig;brachial vein forming a slight angle at its junction with
+the discal transverse, the latter parted by not more than one-fourth of
+its length from the border, and by more than its length from the
+pr&aelig;brachial transverse. Length of the body 3&frac12;&mdash;4&frac12; lines; of the
+wings 7-9 lines.</p>
+
+<p>122. <span class="smcap">Lamprogaster marginifera</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Testacea; capite maculis
+duabus fasciaque nigro-&aelig;neis; thoracis disco nigro-&aelig;neo, vittis tribus
+testaceis, vittis duabus lateralibus albidis, scutelli margine testaceo;
+abdominis dorso nigro-&aelig;neo; alis limpidis, fasciis plurimis fuscis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Testaceous. Head with two blackish &aelig;neous spots on the vertex,
+and with a blackish &aelig;neous band in front; mouth and antenn&aelig; tawny; disk
+of the thorax blackish &aelig;neous, with three testaceous stripes which are
+united in front, the middle one slender, the lateral pair united on the
+border of the scutellum, a whitish stripe on each side; abdomen blackish
+&aelig;neous above; wings limpid, with eight or nine irregular brown bands;
+veins black, testaceous along the costa; discal transverse vein parted
+by much less than its length from the border, and by about its length
+from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse. Length of the body 4 lines; of the
+wings 9 lines.</p>
+
+<p>123. <span class="smcap">Lamprogaster delectans</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Ferruginea; capite
+testaceo, postice albido, vertice luteo fasciis duabus nigris, vittis
+quatuor anticis antennisque nigris; thorace vittis septem et
+metathoracis fascia albidis; abdomine cyaneo-viridi, basi discoque
+fulvis; pedibus nigricantibus, femoribus testaceis apice nigris; alis
+sublimpidis, costa, striga obliqua subcostali guttaque marginali
+nigricantibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Ferruginous. Head testaceous, whitish behind; vertex luteous,
+blackish in front and behind; fore part with four blackish stripes;
+antenn&aelig; blackish; thorax with seven whitish stripes, the middle one
+broad, the inner pair very slender, the second pair broad, the third
+pair lateral; abdomen bluish green, slightly varied with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span> purple, base
+and fore part of the disk tawny; legs blackish; femora testaceous, with
+black tips; wings nearly limpid, with a slight lurid tinge in the discal
+areolet, blackish along the costa, and with a blackish oblique streak
+which extends from the costa along the pr&aelig;brachial transverse vein; a
+blackish dot on the hind end of the discal transverse vein; veins black,
+discal transverse vein parted by about one-fourth of its length from the
+border, and by a little more than its length from the pr&aelig;brachial
+transverse which is very oblique; alul&aelig; white; halteres testaceous, with
+black knobs. Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 9 lines.</p>
+
+<p>124. <span class="smcap">Lamprogaster scutellaris</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Subcinereo-nigra; oculis
+albido submarginatis; thorace vittis tribus cinereis, vittis duabus
+lateralibus, scutelli subquadrati margine, tibiis intermediis tarsisque
+albidis; alis nigricantibus, fasciis duabus integris duabusque
+macularibus incompletis albidis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Black, with a slight cinereous tinge; eyes partly bordered with
+whitish; third joint of the antenn&aelig; elongate-conical; arista plumose,
+the bristles few; thorax with three indistinct cinereous stripes, and
+with two whitish lateral stripes; scutellum nearly quadrate, with a
+whitish border; middle tibi&aelig;, knees and tarsi whitish, the latter with
+black tips; wings blackish, whitish at the base, and with four whitish
+bands, first and third bands entire, second and fourth macular, very
+irregular and incomplete; veins black; discal transverse vein straight,
+parted by about one-fourth of its length from the border, and by hardly
+more than its length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse. Length of the body
+2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.</p>
+
+<p>This species has some resemblance to the genus <i>Platystoma</i>, and differs
+rather from the characters of <i>Lamprogaster</i>; it and the two following
+species, which are still more aberrant, will probably be considered as
+three new genera.</p>
+
+<p>125. <span class="smcap">Lamprogaster celypho&iuml;des</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Atra, nitens,
+brevis, lata; capite, antennis pedibusque testaceis; abdomine
+nigro-cyaneo; alis limpidis, strigis transversis subcostalibus
+fuscescentibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Deep black, shining, short, broad. Head testaceous,
+face transverse; antenn&aelig; testaceous, third joint elongate-conical;
+arista bare; abdomen blackish blue, second segment very large, third and
+following not visible; legs testaceous; wings limpid, with four
+transverse pale brown subcostal streaks; discal transverse vein parted
+by less than half its length from the border, and by less than its
+length from the flexure of the pr&aelig;brachial; halteres testaceous. Length
+of the body 2&mdash;2&frac12; lines; of the wings 4&frac12; lines.</p>
+
+<p>126. <span class="smcap">Lamprogaster tetyro&iuml;des</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Atra, nitens, brevissima,
+latissima; capite transverso, subruguloso; thorace scitissime punctato;
+abdomine cyaneo; tarsis flavis; alis nigris albido punctatis apud
+marginem posticum obscure cinereis.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Deep black, shining, very short and broad. Head transverse,
+slightly rugulose; third joint of the antenn&aelig; conical; arista thinly
+plumose; thorax very finely punctured; scutellum almost semicircular;
+abdomen blue, smooth; tarsi yellow; wings black, dark grey towards the
+hind border, with whitish points towards the costa; discal transverse
+vein parted by about its length from the border and by more than its
+length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse. Length of the body 2&frac12; lines;
+of the wings 5 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Platystoma</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>127. <span class="smcap">Platystoma fusifacies</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Cinerea; capite
+postice et apud oculos albo; vertice pallide luteo (mas) aut rufo
+(f&oelig;m.); facie plana, fusiformi, subargentea; antennis piceis;
+thoracis vittis tribus pectoreque canis; abdomine conico punctis albis;
+alis limpidis, guttis transversis interioribus fasciisque exterioribus
+nigricantibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Cinereous. Head white hindward and about the eyes,
+black and shining towards the mouth; vertex pale luteous in the male,
+red in the female; face flat, fusiform, somewhat silvery; antenn&aelig;
+piceous, third joint long, slender, linear, arista plumose; thorax with
+three hoary stripes, the middle one much broader than the lateral pair;
+pectus hoary; abdomen conical, with numerous white points; wings limpid,
+with blackish dots towards the base, and with four exterior blackish
+bands, two of which are dilated towards the costa, and there contain
+some limpid dots; veins black, discal transverse vein straight, parted
+by about one-fourth of its length from the border, and by more than its
+length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse; halteres whitish. Length of the
+body 3&frac12;-5 lines; of the wings 8-10 lines.</p>
+
+<p>128. <span class="smcap">Platystoma multivitta</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Cinerea; capite postice et apud
+oculos albo, vertice luteo, facie et antennis fulvis; thoracis vittis
+octo pectoreque canis; abdominis segmentis cano fasciatis; ventre
+ferrugineo; pedibus nigris; alis limpidis, fasciis quatuor strigisque
+interioribus nigricantibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Cinereous. Head white behind and about the eyes, vertex luteous;
+face and antenn&aelig; tawny, third joint of the latter long, slender, linear;
+arista very slightly plumose; thorax with eight hoary stripes; pectus
+hoary; abdomen with a hoary band on the fore border of each segment;
+legs black; wings limpid, with four blackish bands, and with some
+blackish marks nearer the base; two blackish streaks between the first
+and second bands; veins black; discal transverse vein straight, parted
+by one-fourth of its length from the border, and by very much more than
+its length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse; halteres black. Length of
+the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Dacus</span>, <i>Fabr</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>129. <span class="smcap">Dacus expandens</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Fulvus, latiusculus; antennarum
+articulo tertio piceo angusto lineari longissimo; abdomine vitta tenui
+nigricante; alis limpidis, costa vittaque postica fuscescentibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Tawny, rather broad, very slightly covered with hoary
+tomentum, which forms stripes on the thorax and indistinct bands on the
+abdomen; third joint of the antenn&aelig; piceous, slender, linear, very long;
+arista bare; abdomen with a slender blackish stripe; wings limpid,
+brownish along the costa, and with a short oblique brownish stripe
+extending from the base to the interior border; veins black, discal
+transverse vein oblique, parted by full one-fourth of its length from
+the border, and by more than its length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse;
+halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines.</p>
+
+<p>130. <span class="smcap">Dacus pectoralis</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Cinereo-niger; capite fulvo,
+facie guttis duabus nigris; antennarum articulo tertio piceo angusto
+lineari longissimo; callis duabus humeralibus, fasciis duabus obliquis
+pectoralibus lateralibus, scutello tarsisque testaceis; thoracis vittis
+tribus abdominisque una canis; pedibus fulvis piceo cinctis; alis
+limpidis, costa vittaque postica fuscescentibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Black, slightly covered with cinereous tomentum. Head tawny,
+with two small black dots on the face; third joint of the antenn&aelig;
+piceous, slender, linear, very long, arista bare; thorax with three
+indistinct hoary stripes; humeral calli, an oblique band on each side of
+the pectus, scutellum and tarsi, testaceous; abdomen with one hoary
+stripe; legs tawny, with diffuse piceous bands; wings limpid, brownish
+along the costa, and with a short oblique brownish stripe, extending
+from the base to the interior border; veins black; discal transverse
+vein parted by less than one-fourth of its length from the border, and
+by a little more than its length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse;
+halteres testaceous. Length of the body 3&frac34; lines; of the wings 7&frac12;
+lines.</p>
+
+<p>131. <span class="smcap">Dacus latifascia</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Niger; capite postice et apud
+oculos albido; antennarum articulo tertio vix longo; thoracis fascia,
+metathorace pectorisque fasciis duabus obliquis canis; abdomine cyaneo;
+femoribus albidis apice nigris; alis albo-limpidis, costa atra, fasciis
+duabus latissimis nigris; halteribus testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Black. Head whitish behind and about the eyes; third joint of
+the antenn&aelig; linear, round at the tip, hardly long, arista plumose;
+thorax with a band on the hind border of the scutum; metathorax and an
+oblique band on each side of the pectus hoary; abdomen blue; cox&aelig; and
+femora whitish, the latter with black tips; wings limpid white, deep
+black along the costa, and with two very broad black bands; veins black;
+discal transverse vein very oblique, parted<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></span> by about one-sixth of its
+length from the border, and by little more than half its length from the
+pr&aelig;brachial transverse; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4 lines;
+of the wings 8 lines.</p>
+
+<p>132. <span class="smcap">Dacus mutillo&iuml;des</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Rufescens; capite nigro, postice
+et apud oculos albo; antennarum articulo tertio angusto lineari
+longissimo; thoracis vittis tribus, pectoris fasciis duabus obliquis
+lateralibus abdominisque fasciis duabus (secunda interrupta) albis,
+abdominis dimidio postico nigro-&aelig;neo; pedibus piceis; alis sublimpidis,
+cost&aelig; apice venisque transversis nigro nebulosis; halteribus albidis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female</i>. Reddish. Head black, white behind and about the eyes and on
+the grooves of the face; antenn&aelig; black, reddish at the base, third joint
+slender, linear, very long, arista bare, rather stout; thorax with three
+whitish stripes; pectus with a more distinct oblique white band on each
+side; metathorax whitish; abdomen &aelig;neous, pubescent, finely punctured,
+reddish and slightly contracted towards the base, with two white bands,
+the second widely interrupted; oviduct long, lanceolate; legs piceous;
+wings nearly limpid, clouded with black at the tip of the costa and on
+the pr&aelig;brachial transverse vein, hardly clouded on the discal transverse
+vein; veins black; discal transverse vein straight, parted by about
+one-fourth of its length from the border, and by much more than its
+length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse; halteres whitish. Length of the
+body 5 lines; of the wings 8 lines.</p>
+
+<p>133. <span class="smcap">Dacus longivitta</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> &AElig;neo-viridis, subpubescens,
+subtilissime punctatus; capite nigro apud oculos albido, epistomate
+ferrugineo, antennarum articulo tertio longo lineari; thorace
+subvittato; pedibus nigris, femoribus ferrugineis; alis subcinereis,
+costa vittaque apud venam pr&aelig;brachialem nigris; halteribus piceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> &AElig;neous green, with slight hoary tomentum, very finely punctured.
+Head black, whitish about the eyes; epistoma ferruginous, prominent;
+antenn&aelig; black, ferruginous at the base, third joint long, linear,
+conical at the tip; arista bare; thorax with an indistinct broad hoary
+stripe; abdomen compressed, nearly linear; legs black; femora
+ferruginous; wings slightly greyish, black along the costa and with a
+black stripe which extends along the pr&aelig;brachial vein to the discal
+transverse vein; veins black; discal transverse vein straight, oblique,
+parted by a little more than half its length from the border, and by
+very much more than its length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse; halteres
+piceous. Length of the body 4-6 lines; of the wings 5-7 lines.</p>
+
+<p>134. <span class="smcap">Dacus lativentris</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Nigro-viridis, subtilissime
+punctatus; capite piceo apud oculos albido; antennis fulvis, articulo
+tertio sublanceolato; abdomine brevi, lato; pedibus nigris, femoribus
+anticis fulvis; alis subcinereis, costa vittaque apud venam
+pr&aelig;brachialem<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</a></span> nigris, vena discali transversa nigricante nebulosa;
+halteribus albidis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Blackish green, very minutely punctured. Head piceous, whitish
+about the eyes; epistoma ferruginous, slightly prominent; antenn&aelig; tawny,
+third joint rather long, somewhat lanceolate, arista bare; abdomen
+nearly round, broader than the thorax; legs black, fore femora tawny;
+wings very slightly greyish, black along the costa to the tip of the
+pr&aelig;brachial vein, with a black stripe along the pr&aelig;brachial vein to the
+discal transverse vein, and with a blackish tinge about the discal
+transverse vein and along the adjoining part of the hind border; veins
+black, discal transverse straight, vein parted by less than half its
+length from the border, and by very much more than its length from the
+pr&aelig;brachial transverse; halteres whitish. Length of the body 2 lines; of
+the wings 4 lines.</p>
+
+<p>135. <span class="smcap">Dacus obtrudens</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Nigro-viridis, subtilissime
+punctatus; capite nigro apud oculos albido; antennis piceis basi
+rufescentibus, articulo tertio lineari longissimo; abdomine lineari
+maculis duabus lateralibus testaceis; pedibus nigris, femoribus apice
+tarsisque posticis basi fulvis; alis subcinereis, costa, apice maculaque
+apud venam transversam discalem nigricantibus; halteribus albis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Dark green, very minutely punctured. Head black, whitish about
+the eyes, ferruginous towards the epistoma; antenn&aelig; piceous, reddish
+towards the base; third joint linear, very long, arista bare; abdomen
+linear, compressed, with a testaceous spot on each side before the
+middle; legs black, femora tawny towards the tips, hind tarsi tawny at
+the base; wings slightly greyish, blackish along the costa and at the
+tips, and about the transverse veins; veins black, tawny at the base;
+discal transverse vein straight, oblique, parted by about half its
+length from the border, and by a little more than its length from the
+pr&aelig;brachial transverse; halteres white. Length of the body 4 lines; of
+the wings 7 lines.</p>
+
+<p>136. <span class="smcap">Dacus pompiloides</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Niger; capite albido, epistomate
+ferrugineo; antennis piceis basi rufis, articulo tertio longo lineari;
+abdomine nigro-cyaneo; pedibus piceis; alis subcinereis, striga costali
+basali, fascia tenui postice abbreviata et triente apicali strigam
+subcineream includente nigricantibus; halteribus albis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Black. Head with whitish tomentum, epistoma ferruginous,
+prominent; antenn&aelig; piceous, red at the base, third joint long, linear,
+arista bare; abdomen linear, blackish blue, longer than the thorax; legs
+piceous; wings slightly greyish, with a blackish costal streak extending
+from the base, with a slender blackish band which is abbreviated
+hindward, and with more than one-third of the apical part blackish and
+including a slightly greyish streak; veins black, discal transverse vein
+straight, oblique, parted by a little less than its length from the
+border and by about its length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span>
+halteres white. Length of the body 3&frac12; lines; of the wings 6 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Brea</span>, n. g.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>Platystom&aelig; affinis. <i>Facies</i> lata. <i>Antenn&aelig;</i> breves; articulus tertius
+longiconicus; arista nuda. <i>Femora</i> intermedia incrassata, denticulata.</p>
+
+<p>Allied to <i>Platystoma</i>. Face broad; antenn&aelig; short, third joint
+elongate-conical; arista bare; middle femora incrassated, denticulated
+beneath.</p>
+
+<p>137. <span class="smcap">Brea discalis</span>, n. s. <i>Mas</i>. Nigra; capite testaceo apud oculos
+albido, fronte ochracea; antennis piceis basi rufescentibus; thorace
+vitta lata cana; abdomine fulvo, disco nigro cupreo; pedibus fulvis,
+femoribus anticis apice tibiisque anticis basi nigris; alis sublimpidis,
+fascia media lata postice abbreviata guttam limpidam subcostalem
+includente lineaque transversa exteriore nigricantibus; halteribus
+testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male</i>. Black. Head testaceous, whitish about the eyes, front
+ochraceous; antenn&aelig; piceous, reddish at the base; thorax with a broad
+hoary stripe; abdomen tawny, with a blackish cupreous disk; legs tawny,
+fore femora at the tips and fore tibi&aelig; at the base black; wings nearly
+limpid, with a broad middle blackish band, which is abbreviated hindward
+and includes a limpid dot by the costa, and has beyond it a blackish
+transverse line; veins black, testaceous towards the base; discal
+transverse vein straight, upright, parted by half its length from the
+border, and by much more than its length from the pr&aelig;brachial
+transverse; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4 lines; of the
+wings 7 lines.</p>
+
+<p>138. <span class="smcap">Brea contraria</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Nigra; capite fulvo apud
+oculos albido, fronte ochracea; antennis rufescentibus; thorace vitta
+cana; abdomine purpureo apice cyaneo; pedibus nigris, femoribus anticis
+tarsisque testaceis; alis sublimpidis, fascia lata media postice
+abbreviata, guttis interioribus lineaque transversa exteriore
+nigricantibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Black. Head tawny, whitish about the eyes; antenn&aelig;
+reddish; thorax with a hoary stripe; sides and pectus also hoary;
+abdomen purple, blue towards the tip; legs black; tarsi and fore femora
+testaceous; wings nearly limpid, with a broad blackish middle band which
+is abbreviated hindward, with some interior blackish dots, and with an
+exterior transverse blackish line; veins black; discal transverse vein
+straight, parted by less than half its length from the border, and by
+less than its length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse; halteres black.
+Length of the body 3&mdash;3&frac12; lines; of the wings 6-7 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Adrama</span>, n. g.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p><i>Mas. Corpus</i> longiusculum. <i>Caput</i> thorace vix latius, setis duabus
+posticis erectis. <i>Antenn&aelig;</i> sat long&aelig;; articulus tertius linearis,
+apice<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></span> conicus; arista pubescens. <i>Abdomen</i> sublineare, thorace longius
+et angustius. <i>Pedes</i> mediocres; femora posteriora spinis minutis
+armata. <i>Al&aelig;</i> sat long&aelig;.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Body rather long. Head transverse, hardly broader than the
+thorax, with two erect set&aelig; on the hind part of the vertex; face
+vertical; epistoma slightly prominent. Antenn&aelig; nearly reaching the
+epistoma; third joint long, linear, conical at the tip; arista
+pubescent. Abdomen almost linear, longer and narrower than the thorax.
+Legs moderately long and slender; posterior femora with minute spines
+beneath. Wings rather long; discal transverse vein straight, upright,
+parted by hardly half its length from the border, and by rather more
+than its length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse.</p>
+
+<p>139. <span class="smcap">Adrama selecta</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Testacea; capite guttis tribus nigris;
+thorace disco antico vittisque duabus posterioribus nigris; tibiis
+tarsisque anticis piceis, tibiis posticis subpiceis; alis
+subfuscescentibus, fascia lata limpida nigricante marginata postice
+abbreviata.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Testaceous. Head with a black dot above the antenn&aelig; and one on
+each side of the epistoma; thorax with the fore part of the disk black,
+and with two hindward black stripes; fore tibi&aelig; and fore tarsi piceous;
+hind tibi&aelig; somewhat piceous; wings slightly brownish, with two blackish
+bands, the first on the pr&aelig;brachial transverse vein, abbreviated
+hindward, the second on the discal transverse vein, abbreviated in
+front, intermediate space limpid, veins testaceous, black towards the
+tips; halteres pale testaceous. Length of the body 4&frac12; lines; of the
+wings 8 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Ortalis</span>, <i>Fallen</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>140. <span class="smcap">Ortalis prompta</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Nigro-viridis; capite piceo apud
+oculos albido; antennis rufescentibus; thorace vitta abdomineque fasciis
+cinereis; pedibus nigris; alis limpidis, vittis tribus nigris, prima
+postice abbreviata, secunda tertiaque latis; halteribus albidis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Blackish green. Head piceous, whitish about the eyes; epistoma
+somewhat prominent; antenn&aelig; reddish, third joint somewhat lanceolate,
+piceous towards the tip; arista bare; thorax with a cinereous stripe;
+sides and pectus also cinereous; abdomen with two cinereous bands; legs
+black; wings limpid white, slightly cinereous towards the base, with
+three black bands, the first abbreviated hindward, the second and third
+very broad; veins black, discal transverse vein curved inward, parted by
+much less than its length from the border and by a little less than its
+length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse; halteres whitish. Length of the
+body 3&frac12; lines; of the wings 6 lines.</p>
+
+<p>141. <span class="smcap">Ortalis complens</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Nigro-viridis; capite
+antennisque testaceis, articulo tertio brevi, arista plumosa; abdomine
+atro; pedibus testaceis, femoribus nigris; alis albo limpidis, strigis<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span>
+duabus apiceque nigro-cinereis, fasciis tribus satis nigricantibus;
+halteribus albis. <i>Mas.</i> Vertice luteo postice nigro, femoribus apice
+testaceis, alarum fasciis subconnexis. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Vertice nigro, tibiis
+nigris, posticis basi testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Blackish green. Head testaceous; antenn&aelig; testaceous,
+third joint short, conical; arista plumose; abdomen deep black; legs
+testaceous; femora black; wings limpid white, with three broad blackish
+stripes, the second emitting a branch from its outer side to the costa,
+a streak connected with the outer side of the third band, and the tips
+blackish cinereous; discal transverse vein straight, parted by much less
+than its length from the border, and by a little more than its length
+from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse; halteres white. <i>Male.</i> Vertex luteous,
+black hindward; femora with testaceous tips; bands of the wings partly
+connected. <i>Female.</i> Vertex black; tibi&aelig; black, the hind pair testaceous
+towards the base. Length of the body 1&frac12;&mdash;2 lines; of the wings 3-4
+lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Trypeta</span>, <i>Meigen</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>142. <span class="smcap">Trypeta multistriga</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Testacea; thorace pectoreque
+nigro-strigatis; abdomine maculis quatuor lateralibus anterioribus
+fascia lata apiceque nigris; femoribus posterioribus nigro vittatis;
+alis nigricantibus basi marginali maculis guttisque albis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Testaceous. Third joint of the antenn&aelig; short, conical; arista
+plumose; thorax with black bristles on each side, with eight black
+streaks, four in front, of which the middle pair are very short, four
+hindward, the middle pair short, the outer pair connected in front of
+the scutellum, two lateral black streaks; pectus with a black
+interrupted streak on each side; disk also black; abdomen with two
+transverse black spots on each side towards the base, and with a broad
+black band; oviduct black, flat, lanceolate, obtuse at the tip;
+posterior femora striped with black; wings blackish, limpid for a space
+from the base along the costa and along the hind border, and with twelve
+white marks of various size, four discal, eight marginal; discal
+transverse vein nearly straight, parted by one-fourth of its length from
+the border, and by about its length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse.
+Length of the body 3&frac12; lines; of the wings 6 lines.</p>
+
+<p>143. <span class="smcap">Trypeta dorsigutta</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Atra; capite piceo vitta testacea,
+subtus albo; antennis testaceis; thorace cinereo punctis lateralibus
+albis, pectore albido; abdominis segmentis testaceo marginatis; tibiis
+albido fasciatis, tarsis albidis; alis albo-limpidis, strigis basalibus
+fasciisque duabus latis nigricantibus, prima antice furcata; halteribus
+albis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Deep black. Head piceous, with cinereous tomentum, white behind
+and beneath, a testaceous stripe on the vertex; antenn&aelig; testaceous,
+black at the base, third joint conical, white at the base,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span> arista
+plumose; thorax with cinereous tomentum, white points along each side;
+pectus whitish; hind borders of the abdominal segments testaceous with
+cinereous tomentum; tibi&aelig; with a dingy whitish band; tarsi dingy
+whitish; wings limpid white, with several blackish marks towards the
+base and with two broad blackish bands, the first forked in front;
+discal transverse vein nearly straight, parted by less than its length
+from the border, and by more than twice its length from the pr&aelig;brachial
+transverse; halteres white. Length of the body 2&frac12; lines; of the wings
+4 lines.</p>
+
+<p>144. <span class="smcap">Trypeta basalis</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Nigra, nitens; capite antennisque
+fulvis, vertice maculis duabus piceis; abdomine basi pedibusque
+testaceis; alis limpidis, striga basali, fasciis tribus costaque apicali
+nigricantibus; halteribus testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Black, slender, shining. Head tawny, with two elongated piceous
+spots on the vertex; antenn&aelig; tawny, third joint linear, rather long,
+arista bare; abdomen nearly fusiform, testaceous at the base; legs
+testaceous; wings limpid, with a blackish oblique streak extending from
+the base, with three blackish bands, and with a blackish costal streak
+extending round the tip, first and third bands slender, second broad,
+abbreviated like the first hindward; discal transverse vein straight,
+parted by about one-fourth of its length from the border, and by less
+than its length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse; halteres testaceous.
+Length of the body 1&frac12; line; of the wings 3 lines.</p>
+
+<p>145. <span class="smcap">Trypeta impleta</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Cinerea; capite albido; antennarum
+articulo tertio albido apice nigro; thorace vitta fusca, scutello
+albido, abdomine nigro; pedibus albidis nigro fasciatis; alis albis,
+maculis plurimis nigricantibus ex parte confluentibus; halteribus
+albidis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Cinereous. Head whitish; third joint of the antenn&aelig; short,
+conical, whitish, blackish at the tip, arista plumose; thorax with a
+brown stripe; scutellum whitish; abdomen black; legs whitish, with black
+bands; wings white, with many blackish spots, some of them confluent;
+discal transverse vein straight, parted by much less than its length
+from the border, and by a little less than its length from the
+pr&aelig;brachial transverse; halteres whitish. Length of the body 1&frac12; line;
+of the wings 3 lines.</p>
+
+<p>146. <span class="smcap">Trypeta subocellifera</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Cana; antennis albidis; thorace
+guttis fuscis, scutelli margine albido; abdomine fusco apicem versus
+cano maculis fuscis; pedibus albidis fusco fasciatis; alis limpidis,
+maculis nigricantibus pallido signatis ex parte confluentibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Hoary. Antenn&aelig; whitish, third joint short, conical, arista
+plumose; thorax with some slight brown dots; scutellum brown, hind
+borders of the scutellum white; abdomen brown, hind borders of the
+segments and apical part cinereous, the latter with brown dots; legs
+whitish, with brown bands; wings limpid, with several blackish<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></span> dots
+containing pale marks, some of them confluent and forming a middle band;
+discal transverse vein straight, enclosed in a pale streak, parted by
+much less than its length from the border and by much more than its
+length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse; halteres whitish. Length of the
+body 1&frac12; line; of the wings 3 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Achiides</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Achias</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>147. <span class="smcap">Achias longividens</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Viridi-cinerea; capite
+testaceo fasciis duabus vittisque tribus anticis nigris; antennis
+nigris; thorace vittis quatuor purpureo-nigris, pectore ferrugineo;
+abdomine viridi-fulvo; pedibus piceis; alis limpidis, costa
+lurido-nigricante, vena transversa discali fusco nebulosa; halteribus
+testaceis apice nigris. <i>Mas.</i> Oculis longissime petiolatis, scutello
+viridi, femoribus basi fulvis. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Oculis subpetiolatis, scutello
+nigro-purpureo.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Greenish cinereous. Head with two black bands on the
+vertex and with four black stripes in front; antenn&aelig; black, third joint
+linear, very long, arista plumose; thorax with four purplish black
+stripes, middle pair abbreviated hindward and having behind them a spot
+of the same hue, lateral pair interrupted; pectus ferruginous; abdomen
+tawny, with bright green reflections, testaceous beneath; legs piceous;
+wings limpid, blackish, and with a lurid tinge along the costa, whence a
+short oblique blackish streak proceeds by the pr&aelig;brachial transverse
+vein; discal transverse vein clouded with brown, hardly curved, parted
+by less than one-third of its length from the border, and by much more
+than its length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse, which is very oblique;
+halteres testaceous, with black tips. <i>Male.</i> Head with the fore black
+band interrupted; eyes with very long petioles, the latter about
+three-fourths of the length of the body; scutellum green; femora tawny
+towards the base. <i>Female.</i> Eyes with short petioles, extending a little
+beyond the sides of the thorax; scutellum blackish purple. Length of the
+body 5-6 lines; of the wings 12-13 lines.</p>
+
+<p>148. <span class="smcap">Achias latividens</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Viridi-cinerea; capite testaceo,
+vittis tribus anticis nigris, oculis subpetiolatis; antennis nigris;
+thorace vittisquatuor purpureo-nigris, scutello cyaneo basi viridi,
+pectore fulvo; abdomine viridi-fulvo; pedibus nigris, femoribus basi
+luteis, tibiis luteo fasciatis; alis subcinereis, vitta costali
+nigricante interrupta lurida strigata, vena transversa discali fusco
+nebulosa; halteribus testaceis apice nigris.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Greenish cinereous. Head testaceous, with three black stripes
+on the face; eyes very slightly petiolated; antenn&aelig; black; thorax with
+four purplish black stripes; scutellum blue, green at the base; pectus
+tawny; abdomen tawny, with bright green reflections; legs black; femora
+luteous towards the base; tibi&aelig; with indistinct luteous<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></span> bands; wings
+slightly greenish, with a blackish interrupted costal stripe containing
+luteous streaks; discal transverse vein clouded with brown; veins in
+structure like those of the preceding species; halteres testaceous, with
+black tips. Length of the body 6 lines; of the 13 lines.</p>
+
+<p>This species at first sight seems like a variety of the preceding one,
+but the petioles of the eyes are shorter and thicker, the costal stripes
+of the wings are interrupted, and the shade on the discal transverse
+vein is more diffuse.</p>
+
+<p>149. <span class="smcap">Achias amplividens</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Fulva, subtus testacea; oculis
+extantibus non petiolatis; thorace submetallico, vittis quinque
+cinereis; abdomine purpureo basi testaceo, tibiis tarsisque nigris; alis
+subcinereis, costa nigro-fusca, venis transversis nigro-fusco nebulosis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Tawny, testaceous beneath. Head testaceous; eyes very
+prominent, but hardly petiolated; antenn&aelig; tawny; thorax slightly
+metallic, with five cinereous stripes, which are abbreviated hindward,
+the inner pair slender; abdomen purple, testaceous at the base; legs
+black; cox&aelig; and femora testaceous, the latter with black tips; wings
+slightly greyish, costal stripe brown, blackish towards the tip;
+pr&aelig;brachial transverse vein clouded with blackish, discal transverse
+vein clouded with a much paler hue than that of the pr&aelig;brachial
+transverse vein, in structure like those of the two preceding species;
+halteres testaceous, with black tips. Length of the body 4&frac12; lines; of
+the wings 9 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam.&mdash;&mdash;?</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Polyara</span>, n. g.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p><i>Mas.</i> <i>Corpus</i> longiusculum. <i>Caput</i> transversum; facies lata, plana,
+non obliqua. <i>Palpi</i> lati. <i>Antenn&aelig;</i> parv&aelig;; articulus tertius
+longiconicus; arista plumosa. <i>Thorax</i> oblongo-subquadratus. <i>Abdomen</i>
+sublineare, thorace multo longinus et angustius. <i>Pedes</i> breves, tenues.
+<i>Al&aelig;</i> latiuscul&aelig;; ven&aelig; optime determinat&aelig;; ven&aelig; du&aelig; transvers&aelig; inter
+venas radialem et cubitalem; vena pr&aelig;brachialis apicem versus valde
+flexa.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Body rather long. Head transverse, a little broader than the
+thorax; face broad, flat, vertical. Palpi broad. Antenn&aelig; small; third
+joint elongate-conical, not extending more than half the length to the
+epistoma; arista plumose. Thorax oblong-subquadrate. Abdomen nearly
+linear, much longer and more slender than the thorax. Legs short, rather
+slender; fore femora somewhat setose beneath. Wings rather broad, flat
+in repose; veins very strongly marked; a transverse vein between the
+cubital and mediastinal veins; two transverse veins between the radial
+and cubital veins; cubital vein slightly angular between the pr&aelig;brachial
+transverse vein and the tip of the wing; pr&aelig;brachial vein much curved
+towards its tip.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The structure of the wing veins in this genus is very peculiar, and it
+does not agree well with any of the established subfamilies of
+<i>Muscid&aelig;</i>.</p>
+
+<p>150. <span class="smcap">Polyara insolita</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Testacea; faciei sulcis albidis;
+abdomine lutescente fulvo; alis subcinereis, nigricante-fusco
+submarginatis et subfasciatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Testaceous, paler beneath. Facial grooves for the antenn&aelig;
+whitish; thorax with some almost obsolete stripes, the middle pair
+approximate, slender, somewhat more distinct than the others; abdomen
+somewhat lutescent-tawny; wings slightly greyish, irregularly
+blackish-brown along the costa, brown at the tips, and with a brown band
+which is indistinct in front but much darker on the discal transverse
+vein; pr&aelig;brachial vein largely bordered with brown; veins black,
+testaceous towards the base, discal transverse vein straight, parted by
+about one-sixth of its length from the border, and by rather less than
+half its length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse; alul&aelig; very small.
+Length of the body 5&frac12; lines; of the wings 10 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Sepsides</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Angitula</span>, n. g.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p><i>F&oelig;m.</i> <i>Corpus</i> convexum, glaberrimum, nitidissimum. <i>Caput</i>
+subrotundum; epistoma valde prominens. <i>Antenn&aelig;</i> epistoma non
+attingentes; articulus tertius longiusculus, linearis, apice conicus;
+arista subpubescens. <i>Thorax</i> anticus valde productus et attenuatus;
+scutellum bispinosum; metathorax magnus, declivis. <i>Abdomen</i>
+longi-subfusiforme; segmentum primum gibbosum. <i>Pedes</i> longi, graciles;
+cox&aelig; antic&aelig; longissim&aelig;. <i>Al&aelig;</i> long&aelig;, angust&aelig;; alul&aelig; obsolet&aelig;.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Body convex, very smooth and shining. Head nearly round; front
+subquadrate; face short; epistoma very prominent. Mouth short. Antenn&aelig;
+not reaching the epistoma; third joint linear, rather long, conical at
+the tip; arista somewhat pubescent. Thorax much produced and attenuated
+in front; scutellum armed with two spines; metathorax slanting, well
+developed. Abdomen elongate-subfusiform, longer and much more slender
+than the thorax; first segment gibbous above. Legs long, slender,
+without bristles; fore cox&aelig; very long. Wings long, narrow; discal
+transverse vein straight, upright, parted by less than half its length
+from the border, and by nearly twice its length from the pr&aelig;brachial
+transverse.</p>
+
+<p>151. <span class="smcap">Angitula longicollis</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Nigro-&aelig;nea; capite subtus
+albido, frontis disco rufescente, fascia albida; antennis piceis basi
+rufis; pedibus nigris, femoribus basi coxisque anticis albidis; alis
+limpidis, costa nigra.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> &AElig;neous black. Head whitish beneath, front with a reddish disk,
+face whitish. Antenn&aelig; piceous, first and second joints red;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span> legs black,
+bare; femora towards the base and fore cox&aelig; whitish; wings limpid, with
+a black costal line extending to the tip of the pr&aelig;brachial vein; veins
+and halteres black. Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 8 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Sepsis</span>, <i>Fallen</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>152. <span class="smcap">Sepsis basifera</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Nigra; thorace nigro-&aelig;neo;
+tarsis, femoribus basi pedibusque anticis testaceis; alis limpidis,
+costa basi nigra. <i>Mas.</i> Metatarsis intermediis dilatatis, alis apice
+vix nigricantibus. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Alis apice nigris.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male and Female.</i> Black, shining. Thorax &aelig;neous black; pectus
+cinereous; tarsi, femora at the base, and fore legs, pale testaceous;
+wings limpid; costa at the base and veins black. <i>Male.</i> Basal joint of
+the intermediate tarsi dilated; wings hardly blackish at the tips.
+<i>Female.</i> Wings black at the tips. Length of the body 2&mdash;2&frac12; lines; of
+the wings 3&mdash;3&frac12; lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Calobata</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>153. Calobata albitarsis, <i>Wied. Auss. Zweifl.</i> 71. 544. 22. Inhabits
+also Java and Australia.</p>
+
+<p>154. Calobata indica, <i>Desv. Ess. Myod.</i> 737. 4. (Nerius). Inhabits also
+Hindostan.</p>
+
+<p>155. Calobata Abana, <i>Walk. Cat. Dipt.</i> pt. 4. 1054.</p>
+
+<p>156. <span class="smcap">Calobata sepsoides</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Nigra; antennis ferrugineis,
+articulo tertio conico brevi, arista nuda; pedibus testaceis nigricante
+subnotatis, femoribus anticis nigris basi testaceis, tibiis anticis
+nigris, tarsis anticis niveis, posticis albidis; alis subcinereis,
+fasciis duabus indistinctis fuscescentibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Black, shining. Antenn&aelig; ferruginous, third joint short,
+conical, arista bare; pectus slightly covered with cinereous tomentum;
+legs testaceous, with a few very indistinct blackish marks; fore femora
+black, testaceous towards the base; fore tibi&aelig; black; fore tarsi
+snow-white, black at the base; hind tarsi whitish; wings greyish, with
+two almost obsolete brownish bands; discal transverse vein parted by
+less than its length from the border and by about four times its length
+from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse. Length of the body 5 lines; of the
+wings 7 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Cardiacephala</span>, <i>Macq.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>157. <span class="smcap">Cardiacephala debilis</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Testacea, gracilis; thorace
+linea transversa interrupta nigra; pedibus anticis parvis, posterioribus
+longis, tarsis albis brevissimis, tibiis anterioribus piceis; alis
+limpidis apice cinereis, fascia lata pallide lutea.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Testaceous, slender. Vertex somewhat luteous; third joint of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></span>
+the antenn&aelig; conical, very short, arista bare; thorax attenuated in
+front, with a transverse interrupted black line hindward; abdomen longer
+than the thorax, lanceolate hindward; fore legs short, posterior legs
+long; tarsi white, very short; anterior tibi&aelig; piceous; middle femora
+rather thicker than the hind pair; wings limpid, grey towards the tips,
+with a pale luteous middle band; veins testaceous, cubital and
+pr&aelig;brachial converging towards the tips of the wings, discal transverse
+vein straight, parted by less than its length from the border and by
+about thrice its length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse. Length of the
+body 3&frac12; lines; of the wings 5 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Psilides</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Lissa</span>, <i>Meigen</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>158. <span class="smcap">Lissa cylindrica</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Cyanea, gracilis, cylindrica;
+antennis piceis basi albidis, arista plumosa; abdomine piceo basi
+apiceque cyaneis; pedibus albidis, femoribus posterioribus nigris apice
+albidis, femoribus posticis subtus spinosis, tibiis posticis nigris;
+alis subcinereis apice subfuscis; halteribus albidis apice nigris.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Blue, slender, cylindrical. Head broader than the thorax;
+antenn&aelig; whitish, third joint piceous, arista plumose; abdomen piceous,
+slightly increasing in breadth to the tip, blue at the base and at the
+tip, hind borders of the first and second segments whitish; legs
+whitish, posterior femora black, whitish at the base and towards the
+tips, hind femora spinose beneath, hind tibi&aelig; black; wings slightly
+greyish, brownish towards the tips; veins black, pr&aelig;brachial and
+perbrachial very near together for more than half their length, discal
+transverse vein straight, parted by more than its length, and by about
+four times its length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse; halteres whitish,
+with black tips. Length of the body 3&frac12; lines; of the wings 5 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Nerius</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>159. Nerius duplicatus, <i>Wied. Auss. Zweifl.</i> 11. 553. 8. Inhabits also
+Java.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Oscinides</span>, <i>Haliday</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Oscinis</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>160. <span class="smcap">Oscinis lineiplena</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Fusca; capite subtus testaceo apud
+oculos albo, vitta frontali alba; thorace pectoreque lineis sex albidis;
+abdomine sordide testaceo, pedibus albidis, tibiis tarsisque apice
+femoribusque anticis nigris; alis subcinereis, halteribus albidis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Brown. Head testaceous in front and beneath, white about the
+eyes, with a white stripe on the front; thorax and pectus with six
+whitish stripes on each, thorax with an indistinct middle testaceous<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></span>
+stripe; abdomen dull testaceous; legs whitish; tibi&aelig; and tarsi at the
+tips and fore femora black; wings greyish; veins black, discal
+transverse vein oblique, parted by more than its length from the border,
+and by full twice its length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse; halteres
+whitish. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 3 lines.</p>
+
+<p>161. <span class="smcap">Oscinis noctilux</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Atra; capite pallide flavo subtus
+albo; antennis luteis, arista nuda; scutello, maculis duabus
+pectoralibus abdominisque apice albis; tibiis tarsisque intermediis
+testaceis; alis nigricantibus postice cinereis, halteribus niveis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Black. Head pale yellow, black hindward, white beneath; antenn&aelig;
+pale luteous, third joint very short, arista bare; scutellum white;
+pectus with a white spot on each side; abdomen white at the tip; middle
+legs with testaceous tibi&aelig; and tarsi; hind wings blackish, cinereous
+hindward; halteres snow-white. Length of the body &frac34; line; of the wings
+1&frac12; line.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Geomyzides</span>, <i>Fallen</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Drosophila</span>, <i>Fallen</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>162. <span class="smcap">Drosophila? finigutta</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Fulva; capite antice testaceo,
+antennis testaceis, articulo tertio conico; abdomine maculis quatuor
+apicalibus nigris, tarsis nigris; alis cinereis venis nigris.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Tawny. Head testaceous in front; antenn&aelig; testaceous, third joint
+conical; abdomen with two black spots on each side at the tip; legs
+testaceous; tarsi black; wings grey; veins black, discal transverse vein
+straight, parted by full half its length from the border and by full
+twice its length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse; halteres testaceous.
+Length of the body 1&frac12; line; of the wings 3 lines.</p>
+
+<p>163. <span class="smcap">Drosophila? melanospila.</span> <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Testacea; antennarum articulo
+tertio conico, arista plumosa; thoracis disco abdominisque guttis duabus
+apicalibus atris; tarsis piceis; alis subcinereis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Testaceous. Vertex luteous; third joint of the antenn&aelig;
+conical; arista plumose; disk of the thorax and a dot on each side of
+the tip of the abdomen deep black; tarsi piceous; wings slightly
+greyish; veins black, discal transverse vein straight, parted by about
+half its length from the border and by twice its length from the
+pr&aelig;brachial transverse. Length of the body 1 line; of the wings 2 lines.</p>
+
+<p>164. <span class="smcap">Drosophila? imparata.</span> <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Pallide testacea; pedibus
+pallidioribus; alis subcinereis, venis pallidis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Pale testaceous, with a few bristles. Legs paler than the
+body; wings slightly greyish; veins pale, discal transverse vein
+straight, parted by about twice its length from the border and by more
+than twice its length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse. Length of the
+body &frac34; line; of the wings 1&frac12; line.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Hydromyzides</span>, <i>Haliday</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Ephydra</span>, <i>Fallen</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>165. <span class="smcap">Ephydra? taciturna</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Atra, nitens, antennis nigris,
+arista plumosa, abdomine nigro-cupreo, pedibus nigro-piceis, alis
+nigricantibus, venis nigris.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Deep black, shining. Antenn&aelig; black, third joint linear, rather
+long, arista plumose; legs blackish-piceous; wings blackish; veins
+black, discal transverse vein straight, parted by a little more than its
+length from the border. Length of the body 1&frac12; line; of the wings
+2&frac12; lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. PHORID&AElig;, <i>Haliday</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Pallura</span>, n. g.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p><i>Mas.</i> <i>Corpus</i> latiusculum, pubescens. <i>Os</i> retractum. <i>Oculi</i>
+pubescentes. <i>Antenn&aelig;</i> brevissim&aelig;; arista longissima. <i>Scutellum</i>
+magnum, conicum. <i>Abdomen</i> subellipticum, thorace non longius. <i>Pedes</i>
+latiusculi, pubescentes, non setosi. <i>Al&aelig;</i> ampl&aelig;, venis &aelig;qualibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Body rather broad, pubescent. Proboscis small, withdrawn; eyes
+pubescent; antenn&aelig; very short, arista very long; scutellum large,
+conical, very prominent, extending beyond the base of the abdomen;
+abdomen nearly elliptical, not longer than the thorax; legs rather
+broad, pubescent, without bristles; wings rather long and broad; veins
+of equal size, costal vein ending at rather before half the length of
+the wing, radial ending at somewhat in front of the tip of the wing,
+cubital ending at hardly in front of the tip, pr&aelig;brachial ending at a
+little behind the tip, pobrachial ending on the hind border at half the
+length of the wing, discal transverse vein straight, parted by more than
+twice its length from the border and from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse.</p>
+
+<p>166. <span class="smcap">Pallura invaria.</span> <i>Mas.</i> Lutea, immaculata, alis cinereis basi
+luteis, apice nigricantibus, venis nigris robustis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Luteous, of one colour. Wings grey, luteous at the base,
+blackish towards the tips; veins black, robust. Length of the body 3
+lines; of the wings 6 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. HIPPOBOSCID&AElig;, <i>Leach</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Ornithomyia</span>, <i>Leach</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>167. Ornithomyia parva?, <i>Macq. Hist. Nat. Dipt.</i> 11. 2. 279. 3.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Key Island.</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. ASILID&AElig;, <i>Leach</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Laphrites</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Laphria</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Laphria paradisiaca</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Cuprea, aureo pilosa, capite
+pectoreque argenteis albo pilosis, mystace subaurato setis nonnullis
+nigris, abdomine apice purpureo subtus albido piloso, pedibus
+cyaneo-purpureis albido pilosis, femoribus cyaneo-viridibus, alis
+nigricantibus basi cinereis, halteribus albidis nigro notatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Cupreous, with gilded hairs. Head and pectus silvery, with white
+hairs; mystax slightly gilded, with a few long black bristles; antenn&aelig;
+and mouth black; abdomen purple at the tip, underside clothed with long
+whitish hairs, silvery white at the base, the following segments
+bordered with silvery white; legs blue and purple, thickly clothed with
+long whitish hairs, femora bluish-green, fore tibi&aelig; with pale gilded
+down beneath, hind tibi&aelig; with a black bristly apical tuft beneath; wings
+blackish, grey towards the base; halteres whitish, marked with black.
+Length of the body 11 lines; of the wings 20 lines.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Laphria placens</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Cyanea, capite aurato, mystace setis
+paucis longis nigris; antennis nigris, articulo tertio fusiformi;
+pectore albido, abdomine angusto, femoribus intus tibiisque purpureis;
+alis nigricantibus basi cinereis, halteribus piceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Blue. Head gilded in front, whitish behind; mystax with a few
+long black bristles; proboscis and antenn&aelig; black, third joint of the
+latter fusiform; pectus whitish; abdomen cylindrical, much narrower than
+the thorax, and about twice its length; femora on the inner side and
+tibi&aelig; purple, tarsi black; wings blackish, cinereous towards the base;
+halteres piceous. Length of the body 4&frac12; lines; of the wings 8 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Asilites</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Asilus</span>, <i>Linn.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Asilus superveniens</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Cinereous, capite subaurato,
+mystace aurato setis paucis nigris, thorace vittis tribus latissimis
+nigris, abdomine fulvescenti-cinereo, pedibus rufescentibus, femoribus
+nigro vittatis, tarsis nigris, alis cinereis apice nigricantibus,
+halteribus testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Cinereous. Head slightly gilded, pale cinereous, and clothed
+with pale hairs behind; mystax composed of gilded bristles, above which
+there are a few shorter black bristles; antenn&aelig; black, third joint
+elongate-fusiform, arista much longer than the third joint; thorax with
+three very broad hardly divided black stripes; abdomen<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></span> with a slight
+fawn-coloured tinge, tip black, sexualia very small; legs reddish,
+femora striped above with black, tarsi black, reddish at the base; wings
+cinereous, blackish towards the tips; halteres testaceous. Length of the
+body 8 lines; of the wings 14 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Ommatius</span>, <i>Illiger</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>4. Ommatius noctifer, <i>Walk.</i> See page 88.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. EMPID&AElig;, <i>Leach</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Hybos</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>5. <span class="smcap">Hybos deficiens</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Niger, thorace fulvo globoso macula
+dorsali nigra, abdomine basi fulvo, pedibus anterioribus testaceis,
+femoribus posticis subtus spinosis, alis cinereis apice obscurioribus,
+stigmate venisque nigris, halteribus testaceis, apice piceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Black. Thorax and pectus tawny, the former globose, with a black
+dorsal spot; abdomen tawny at the base; anterior legs testaceous, hind
+femora spinose beneath; wings grey, darker at the tips; stigma and veins
+black; halteres testaceous, with piceous tips. Length of the body 2
+lines; of the wings 4 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. SYRPHID&AElig;, <i>Leach</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Eristalis</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>6. Eristalis resolutus, <i>Walk.</i> See p. 95.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Baccha</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>7. <span class="smcap">Baccha purpuricola</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Purpureo-fulva; capite chalybeo;
+antennis rufis; pedibus fulvis; tibiis posticis apice tarsisque posticis
+basi piceis; alis nigricantibus, apud costam obscurioribus, spatio
+apicali subcostali cinereo; halteribus testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Tawny, tinged with purple. Head chalybeous; antenn&aelig; red; legs
+tawny, hind tibi&aelig; piceous towards the tips, hind tarsi piceous towards
+the base; wings blackish, darker along the costa, cinereous towards the
+tips with the exception of the costa; halteres testaceous. Length of the
+body 5&frac12; lines; of the wings 9 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. MUSCID&AElig;, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Sarcophagides</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Sarcophaga</span>, <i>Meigen</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>8. <span class="smcap">Sarcophaga basalis</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Nigra, subaureo tomentosa; capite
+aurato; thorace vittis tribus nigris; abdomine albido tessellato; alis
+cinereis; venis lurido marginatis; alulis testaceis.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Black, with slightly gilded tomentum. Head gilded; frontalia
+deep black, hardly widening in front; thorax with three black stripes,
+an indistinct blackish line on each side of the middle stripe; abdomen
+tessellated with white; wings grey; veins bordered with a lurid hue,
+especially towards the costa; pr&aelig;brachial vein forming a slightly acute
+angle at its flexure, near which it is much curved inward, and is thence
+straight to its tip; discal transverse vein slightly curved inward near
+its hind end, parted by a little more than half its length from the
+border and from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse; alul&aelig; testaceous. Length of
+the body 5&frac12; lines; of the wings 9 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Muscides</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Idia</span>, <i>Meigen</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>9. Idia xanthogaster, <i>Wied. Auss. Zweifl.</i> 11. 349. 2. Inhabits also
+Hindostan and Java.</p>
+
+<p>10. Idia testacea, <i>Macq. Hist. Nat. Dipt.</i> 77. 246. 3. Inhabits also
+Mauritius.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Musca</span>, <i>Linn.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>11. Musca obtrusa, <i>Walk.</i> See p. 105.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Anthomyides</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Aricia</span>, <i>Macq.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>12. <span class="smcap">Aricia vicaria</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Fulva, subtus testacea; capite
+nigro, apud oculos albo; antennis testaceis; alis cinereis, apud costam
+luridis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Tawny, testaceous beneath. Head black, white about the eyes;
+antenn&aelig; testaceous; abdomen clothed with short black bristles; legs
+testaceous, tarsi piceous; wings grey, with a lurid tinge towards the
+costa; veins black, discal transverse vein nearly straight, parted by
+about its length from the border, and by a little more than its length
+from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse; alul&aelig; slightly testaceous; halteres
+testaceous. Length of the body 3&frac12; lines; of the wings 6 lines.</p>
+
+<p>13. <span class="smcap">Aricia squalens</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Nigra, cinereo tomentosa; facie
+argentea; antennis testaceis; thorace vittis nigris vittisque duabus
+lateralibus latis testaceis; abdomine obscure testaceo; pedibus piceis;
+femoribus nigris; tibiis anticis testaceis; alis cinereis; apud costam
+subluridis; venis halteribusque testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Black, with cinereous tomentum. Face silvery white; antenn&aelig;
+pale testaceous, third joint long, linear, extending to the epistoma;
+thorax with black stripes, and on each side with a broad testaceous
+stripe; abdomen dull testaceous; legs piceous; femora black, fore tibi&aelig;
+testaceous; wings grey, with a lurid tinge towards<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></span> the costa; veins
+testaceous, discal transverse vein very slightly curved inward, parted
+by much less than its length from the border, and by a little more than
+its length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse; alul&aelig; whitish; halteres
+testaceous. Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Ortalides</span>, <i>Haliday</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Lamprogaster</span>, <i>Macq.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>14. <span class="smcap">Lamprogaster ventralis</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Testaceo-cinerea; capite
+apud oculos albo, vertice luteo, facie pallide fulva; thorace lineis
+septem indistinctis nigricantibus; abdomine fusco maculis dorsalibus
+canis, subtus cavo lateribus ferrugineis; pedibus nigris, tibiis
+ferrugineo fasciatis; alis limpidis basi subtestaceis, fasciis
+incompletis guttisque fuscis apud costam nigricantibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Cinereous, with a testaceous tinge. Head white about the eyes,
+vertex luteous; face pale tawny, with white grooves for the antenn&aelig;;
+antenn&aelig; tawny, small; arista slightly plumose at the base; thorax with
+seven indistinct blackish lines; abdomen brown, with dorsal hoary nearly
+triangular spots, under side marsupial-like or with a pouch, ferruginous
+on each side; legs black, each tibia with a ferruginous band; wings
+limpid, slightly testaceous at the base, with brown dots and bands, the
+latter abbreviated hindward, blackish towards the costa; veins black,
+testaceous towards the base; discal transverse vein straight, parted by
+about one-third of its length from the border and by much more than its
+length from the pr&aelig;brachial transverse; alul&aelig; cinereous; halteres
+testaceous. Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Trypeta</span>, <i>Meigen</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>15. <span class="smcap">Trypeta roripennis</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Fusca; capite nigro, facie alba;
+antennis nigris rufo-fasciatis; thorace vittis quatuor canis; abdominis
+segmentis testaceo marginatis; pedibus nigris, tarsis halteribusque
+testaceis; alis nigris, punctis plurimis albis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Brown. Head black; face white; antenn&aelig; black, third joint red,
+linear, rather long, black towards the tip; arista plumose; thorax with
+four hoary stripes; abdominal segments with testaceous hind borders;
+legs black, tarsi testaceous; wings black, with very numerous white
+points, a few of which are rather larger than the others; discal
+transverse vein straight, parted by less than its length from the
+border, and by more than twice its length from the pr&aelig;brachial
+transverse; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 2 lines; of the
+wings 4 lines.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr />
+<p class="intro"><a name="Catalogue_of_Hymenopterous_Insects_collected_by_Mr_A_R_Wallace_at_the" id="Catalogue_of_Hymenopterous_Insects_collected_by_Mr_A_R_Wallace_at_the"></a>Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects collected by Mr. <span class="smcap">A. R. Wallace</span> at the
+Islands of Aru and Key. By <span class="smcap">Frederick Smith</span>, Esq., Assistant in the
+Zoological Department, British Museum. Communicated by <span class="smcap">W. W. Saunders</span>,
+Esq., F.R.S., V.P.L.S.</p>
+
+<p class="read">[Read December 3rd, 1858.]</p>
+
+
+<p class="first">This Collection of Hymenoptera is the most important contribution which
+has been made to the Aculeata through the exertions of Mr. Wallace; in
+point of geographical distribution, it adds much to our knowledge. In
+the Aru, Key, and neighbouring islands, we meet with the extreme range
+of the Australian insect-fauna; and as might be expected, it is found
+amongst the Vespidious Group, and in one or two instances in the
+Formicid&aelig;. The latter, being frequently conveyed from one island to
+another, can perhaps scarcely be considered indicative of natural
+geographical distribution. Of the forty-six species of the Formicidous
+Group, only six were previously known to science. Of the genus
+<i>Podomyrma</i> here established, one species only, from Adelaide, was
+previously known; it is one of the most distinct and remarkable genera
+in the family. The <i>Pompilid&aelig;</i> are species of great beauty, some closely
+resembling those of Australia in the banding and maculation of their
+wings; amongst the <i>Vespid&aelig;</i> will be found some of the most elegant and
+beautiful forms in the whole of that protean family of Hymenoptera.</p>
+
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. ANDRENID&AElig;.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Prosopis</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Prosopis malachisis.</span> <i>P.</i> nigro-c&aelig;ruleo-viridis, nitida et delicatul&egrave;
+punctata; alis hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 4&frac12; lines. Deep blue-green, with tints of purple in
+certain lights, particularly on the head, the clypeus with a central
+longitudinal ridge, its anterior margin slightly emarginate; the
+flagellum rufo-piceous beneath, the ocelli white. Thorax: the wings
+hyaline and brilliantly iridescent; the legs dark rufo-piceous with a
+bright purple tinge. Abdomen delicately punctured, the head and thorax
+more strongly so; the latter with a semicircular enclosed space at its
+base, which is smooth and shining.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Key Island.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Nomia</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Nomia cincta.</span> <i>N.</i> nigra, capite thoraceque punctatis, pedibus
+ferrugineis; segmentis abdominis apice fulvo-testaceo late fasciatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5 lines. Black: the two basal joints of the flagellum,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></span>
+the apical margin of the clypeus, the labrum, mandibles, and legs
+ferruginous; the wings fulvo-hyaline, the nervures ferruginous, the
+tegul&aelig; more or less rufo-testaceous; the sides of the metathorax with
+tufts of pale fulvous pubescence and the floccus on the posterior femora
+of the same colour, the tibi&aelig; and tarsi with short ferruginous
+pubescence. Abdomen shining, the apical margins of the segments broadly
+fulvo-testaceous, very bright, having a golden lustre.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Key Island.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Nomia longicornis.</span> <i>N.</i> nigra, lucida et delicatul&egrave; punctata, facie
+pube brevi grise&acirc; tect&acirc;, femorum posticorum flocco pallido, tibiis
+extern&egrave; fusco-pubescentibus; maris antennis, capite thoraceque
+longioribus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 4 lines. Brassy, with tints of green on the clypeus,
+metathorax, and thorax beneath; the head and thorax very closely and
+finely punctured; the clypeus produced and highly polished; the
+mandibles rufo-testaceous, the antenn&aelig; as long as the head and thorax.
+Thorax: the wings hyaline and splendidly iridescent, the tegul&aelig; and the
+tarsi rufo-testaceous. Abdomen closely punctured, the apical margins of
+the segments smooth and shining; the head and thorax above with a pale
+fulvous pubescence, that on the sides of the metathorax and legs pale
+and glittering; the abdomen has a pale scattered glittering pubescence.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Nomia dentata.</span> <i>N.</i> nigra et punctata, facie metathoracisque
+lateribus cinereo-pubescentibus, postscutello medio unidentato. <i>Mas.</i>
+antennis filiformibus longitudine thoracis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5 lines. Black; head and thorax rather finely
+punctured; the face covered with short cinereous pubescence; the clypeus
+naked and much produced, the anterior margin and the tips of the
+mandibles ferruginous; the cheek with long whitish pubescence. Thorax:
+the sides of the metathorax, the floccus on the posterior femora and the
+postscutellum with whitish pubescence, the latter produced in the middle
+into a blunt tooth; the legs fusco-ferruginous, with the anterior tibi&aelig;
+and apical joints of the tarsi brighter; wings hyaline and iridescent.
+Abdomen shining and punctured, the apical margins of the two basal
+segments broadly depressed, and more finely and closely punctured than
+the rest; the apical margins of the second, third, and fourth segments
+pale testaceous; the apical margins of the two basal segments narrowly
+fringed with white pubescence, usually more or less interrupted in the
+middle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Resembles the female very closely, but has the face much more
+pubescent; the antenn&aelig; filiform and longer than the head and thorax; the
+scutellum armed at its posterior lateral angles with an acute tooth; the
+metathorax truncate and slightly concave, its base with short
+longitudinal grooves, the lateral margins fringed with long pubescence.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Dasygastr&aelig;</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Megachile</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Megachile lateritia.</span> <i>M.</i> nigra, abdomine pube ferrugine&acirc; vestito,
+alis fuscis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 8 lines. Black; head and thorax very closely and finely
+punctured; the mandibles with a single blunt tooth at their apex; the
+anterior margin of the clypeus transverse. Thorax: the wings brown, the
+posterior pair palest, their base subhyaline. Abdomen clothed with
+bright brick-red pubescence above and beneath; the basal segment with
+bright yellow pubescence above.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Megachile scabrosa.</span> <i>M.</i> nigra, metathorace antic&egrave; rud&egrave; scabrato,
+abdomine subt&ugrave;s nigro-pubescente.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5&frac12; lines. Black; the clypeus, mesothorax anteriorly,
+and the posterior tibi&aelig; outside coarsely rugose, the roughness on the
+thorax consisting of transverse little elevated points; the face with a
+thin griseous pubescence; the anterior margin of the clypeus fringed
+with fulvous hairs; the cheeks have a long pale fulvous pubescence.
+Thorax: the wings hyaline, the nervures black. Abdomen smooth and
+shining, with black pubescence beneath; beneath, the apical margins of
+the segments with a fringe of very short white pubescence.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Megachile insularis.</span> <i>M.</i> nigra, nitida, delicatul&egrave; punctata, facie
+pube pallid&egrave; fulv&acirc; vestit&acirc;, abdomine subt&ugrave;s pube l&aelig;t&egrave; ferrugine&acirc;
+vestito, alis hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5&frac12; lines. Black; the head and thorax finely and
+closely punctured, the abdomen delicately so; the face clothed with pale
+fulvous pubescence, the mandibles with two blunt teeth at their apex;
+the clypeus shining and strongly punctured. Thorax: the wings subhyaline
+with a slight cloud at their apex; the basal joint of the posterior
+tarsi with a dense dark ferruginous pubescence within. Abdomen: the four
+basal segments with transverse impressed lines in the middle; beneath,
+clothed with bright ferruginous pubescence; the abdomen has an obscure
+&aelig;neous tinge above.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Crocisa</span>, <i>Jurine</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Crocisa nitidula, <i>Fabr. Syst. Piez.</i> p. 386. 2.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru; Key Island; Australia; Amboyna.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Allodape</span>, <i>St.-Farg.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Allodape nitida.</span> <i>A.</i> nitida nigra, clypeo flavo, alis hyalinis,
+abdomine ad apicem punctato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 3 lines. Black and shining; the clypeus yellow,
+produced<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></span> in front; the sides of the face depressed; the ocelli
+prominent and reddish. Thorax very smooth and shining; the wings
+colourless and iridescent, their extreme base yellowish, the nervures
+and stigma brown, the tegul&aelig; pale testaceous-yellow; the posterior tibi&aelig;
+with a scopa of glittering white hairs, the tarsi ferruginous and with
+glittering hairs. Abdomen, from the third segment to the apex, gradually
+more and more strongly and closely punctured.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Xylocopa</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Xylocopa &aelig;stuans, <i>Linn. Syst. Nat.</i> i. p. 961. 53 <ins class="correction" title="Symbol: female">&#9792;</ins>;
+<i>St.-Farg. Hym.</i> ii. p. 193. 36 <ins class="correction" title="Symbol: male">&#9794;</ins> <ins class="correction" title="Symbol: female">&#9792;</ins>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru; India; Singapore; Celebes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Saropoda</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Saropoda bombiformis, <i>Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins.</i> p. 2. p. 318. 6.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru; Australia (Richmond River).</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Anthophora</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Anthophora zonata, <i>Linn. Syst. Nat.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>Hab</i>. Aru Island; Celebes; Ceylon; India; Borneo; Hong-Kong; Shanghai;
+Philippine Islands.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Anthophora elegans.</span> <i>A.</i> nigra, pube capitis thoracisque nigr&acirc;,
+abdomine fasciis quatuor l&aelig;t&egrave; c&aelig;ruleis ornato; tibiis posticis
+ferrugineo-pubescentibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 6 lines. Black; the labrum, a narrow line down the
+middle and another on each side of the clypeus, a minute spot above it,
+and the scape in front testaceous yellow, the base of the mandibles of a
+paler colour; the flagellum fulvous beneath. Thorax: the pubescence
+black; wings subhyaline, the nervures dark rufo-fuscous, tegul&aelig;
+obscurely testaceous. Abdomen with four fasci&aelig; of brilliant blue, which
+is changeable, with pearly tints in different lights; the posterior
+tibi&aelig; densely clothed outside with fulvo-ferruginous pubescence; the
+pubescence inside is black.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Key Island.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Trigona</span>, <i>Jurine</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Trigona l&aelig;viceps, <i>Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins., Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc.</i>
+ii. p. 51. 8.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru; Singapore; India.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. FORMICID&AElig;.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Formica</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Formica virescens, <i>Fabr. Ent. Syst.</i> ii. p. 355. 23 <ins class="correction" title="Symbol: male">&#9794;</ins>
+<ins class="correction" title="Symbol: female">&#9792;</ins> <ins class="correction" title="Symbol: Mercury">&#9791;</ins>.&mdash;Lasius virescens, <i>Fabr. Syst.
+Piez.</i> p. 417. 8.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>2. Formica gracilipes, <i>Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins., Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc.</i>
+ii. p. 55. 13 <ins class="correction" title="Symbol: Mercury">&#9791;</ins>.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Formica fragilis.</span> <i>F.</i> pallid&egrave; testacea, elongata et gracilis, capite
+postic&egrave; angustato; thorace medio compresso, pedibus elongatis; squam&acirc;
+incrassat&acirc; triangulat&acirc;.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 3&frac12; lines. Pale rufo-testaceous, smooth and slightly
+shining; antenn&aelig; elongate, longer than the body, the flagellum slender
+and filiform, the scape nearly as long as the head and thorax; head
+oblong, narrowed behind the eyes into a kind of neck, the sides parallel
+before the eyes, which are black and round, the clypeus slightly
+emarginate anteriorly, the mandibles finely serrated on their inner
+margin and terminating in a bent acute tooth. Thorax elongate, narrowest
+in the middle, the prothorax forming a neck anteriorly; legs elongate
+and very slender. Abdomen ovate, the node of the petiole incrassate, and
+viewed sideways is triangular or wedge-shaped.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>This is one of those remarkable forms which recede so greatly from the
+normal type of <i>Formica</i> as apparently to indicate a generic
+distinction; but in those exotic species of which we have obtained all
+the forms, we find many which approach closely to the present insect,
+which is probably only the small worker of some already described
+species. No one would venture, without the authority of the personal
+observation of some competent naturalist, to unite all the forms of any
+exotic species of <i>Formica</i>.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Formica flavitarsus.</span> <i>F.</i> nigra, elongata et gracilis; thorace
+postic&egrave; compresso, pedibus elongatis, tarsis flavis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 4 lines. Black and subopake; head elongate, narrowed
+behind, the clypeus truncate anteriorly, the mandibles pale ferruginous;
+antenn&aelig; elongate and slender, the flagellum filiform and pale
+rufo-testaceous; the thorax and legs elongate, the latter slender with
+their tarsi pale rufo-testaceous. Abdomen ovate, the scale of the
+petiole incrassate and slightly notched above.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>5. <span class="smcap">Formica coxalis.</span> <i>F.</i> nigra, nitida; flagello, coxis et abdomine
+subt&ugrave;s pallid&egrave; testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker major.</i> Length 5 lines. Black and very delicately roughened with
+a fine transverse waved striation only perceptible under a good
+magnifying power. Head large, much wider than the thorax, oblong-ovate
+with a deep emargination behind; the clypeus slightly produced and
+truncate anteriorly, the angles of the truncation rounded, and with a
+central shining carina; the flagellum, except the tarsal joint, pale
+rufo-testaceous. Thorax elongate, compressed behind, the cox&aelig; pale
+rufo-testaceous. Abdomen ovate, the scale of the petiole incrassate,
+somewhat wedge-shaped when viewed sideways, the abdomen sparingly
+sprinkled with long pale hairs.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>6. <span class="smcap">Formica cordata.</span> <i>F.</i> pallid&egrave; rufa; abdomine fusco, capite cordato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 2 lines. Pale rufo-testaceous; the head heart-shaped;
+the eyes black, the flagellum fusco-ferruginous with the basal joints
+pale; the mandibles ferruginous. Thorax narrow, deeply strangulated at
+the base of the metathorax. Abdomen more or less fuscous, the node of
+the petiole narrow and pointed above; the entire insect is smooth and
+shining.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>worker minor</i> is rather smaller and has the abdomen darker, in all
+the specimens received, but in other respects agrees with the above.</p>
+
+<p>7. <span class="smcap">Formica oculata.</span> <i>F.</i> pallid&egrave; ferruginea; capite oblongo, oculis
+magnis, thorace compresso.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 2&frac12; lines. Pale ferruginous, with the vertex and apex
+of the abdomen black; the head oblong, the sides nearly parallel, with
+the anterior margin truncate; the mandibles with fine acute teeth on
+their inner margin; the antenn&aelig; inserted wide apart about the middle of
+the head; the eyes very large and ovate, placed backwards on the sides
+of the head, reaching to the posterior margin of the vertex, forming as
+it were its posterior lateral angles. The thorax narrow and compressed
+behind; abdomen ovate, entirely smooth and shining.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>8. <span class="smcap">Formica mutilata.</span> <i>F.</i> nigra; capite oblongo, truncato antic&egrave; et
+sanguineo, antennis tarsisque rufo-testaceis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 2&frac34; lines. Black and shining; the head truncate
+anteriorly, the antenn&aelig; inserted wide apart, about the middle, the face
+blood-red before their insertion and deeply striated longitudinally,
+behind the antenn&aelig; the head is black, smooth, and shining; the eyes
+ovate and placed backwards on the sides of the head. Thorax rounded in
+front and strangulated between the meso- and metathorax, the latter
+obliquely truncate; legs rather short and stout, the femora compressed,
+the anterior pair broadly dilated, the base and apex of the femora, the
+tibi&aelig;, and tarsi rufo-testaceous, the tibi&aelig; with a darker stain behind.
+Abdomen oblong-ovate, the apical margins of the segments narrowly pale
+testaceous; the scale of the petiole compressed, with its superior
+margin rounded.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>This is a very singular insect in many respects, and closely resembles
+in form the <i>Formica truncata</i> of Spinola.</p>
+
+<p>9. <span class="smcap">Formica quadriceps.</span> <i>F.</i> nigra, nitida; capite antic&egrave; obliqu&egrave;
+truncato, thorace postic&egrave; compresso.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 3&frac12; lines. Shining black; head oblong-quadrate,
+slightly narrowed anteriorly, with the sides nearly straight, the
+posterior angles rounded, and very slightly emarginate behind; the head
+obliquely truncate from the base of the clypeus; the truncation as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[Pg 138]</a></span> well
+as the mandibles obscurely ferruginous; the apex of the flagellum and
+the apical joints of the tarsi pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax rounded
+anteriorly, compressed behind, with the metathorax abruptly truncate.
+The scale of the petiole narrow, incrassate, its anterior margin
+slightly curved, its posterior margin straight; the abdomen ovate.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker minor.</i> About 3 lines long, very like the larger <i>worker</i>, the
+head being truncate in front; but it is, in proportion to the thorax,
+narrower; the latter is compressed and abruptly truncate; in other
+respects it agrees with the <i>worker major</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>10. <span class="smcap">Formica l&aelig;vissima.</span> <i>F.</i> nigra nitida l&aelig;vissima, spars&egrave; pilosa;
+squam&acirc; oblong&acirc; subdepress&acirc;.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 4 lines. Jet-black, very smooth and shining; head wider
+than the thorax, slightly emarginate behind, the sides slightly rounded;
+the anterior margin of the clypeus rounded, the mandibles striated and
+obscurely ferruginous; the scape with a few glittering silvery-white
+hairs. Thorax not quite so wide as the head anteriorly, narrowed behind,
+with the disk somewhat flattened, slightly convex, a deep strangulation
+between the meso- and metathorax, the latter obliquely rounded; the legs
+and abdomen sprinkled with glittering white hairs. The node of the
+petiole incrassate, very slightly elevated; viewed sideways, broadly
+wedge-shaped; the abdomen ovate.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>11. <span class="smcap">Formica nitida.</span> <i>F.</i> capite abdomineque nigris, antennis thoraceque
+pedibusque rufo-testaceis l&aelig;vissimis et lucidis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 4 lines. Head and abdomen shining black; the flagellum,
+thorax, legs, and scale of the petiole rufo-testaceous; the legs palest;
+the scape fuscous, with its base pale; the head large, wider than the
+abdomen, and emarginate behind; the clypeus and mandibles obscurely
+ferruginous. Thorax compressed, not strangulated in the middle. The
+scale of the petiole narrow, with its margin rounded above; abdomen
+ovate, and sprinkled with a few erect pale hairs.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>12. <span class="smcap">Formica scrutator.</span> F. nigerrima, mandibulis tarsorumque articulo
+apicali pallid&egrave; ferrugineis, thorace medio profund&egrave; coarctato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 1&frac12;&mdash;2 lines. Shining black; the mandibles pale,
+ferruginous, with their inner margins finely denticulate; the eyes
+placed rather forwards on the sides of the head, the latter emarginate
+behind. Thorax deeply strangulated in the middle; the metathorax
+elevated and obliquely truncate behind. Abdomen ovate; the scale of the
+petiole sub-incrassate, with its margin rounded above; the insect very
+thinly covered with a fine cinereous pile.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>13. <span class="smcap">Formica angulata.</span> F. nigra nitida; flagello capite antic&egrave; pedibusque
+obscur&egrave; ferrugineis, metathorace angulato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 3 lines. Shining black; head of moderate size; the
+clypeus and mandibles obscure ferruginous; the flagellum
+fusco-ferruginous, with the tip pale testaceous. Thorax rounded
+anteriorly and compressed behind; the scutellum prominent, forming a
+small tubercle; the metathorax obliquely truncate, the margin of the
+truncation elevated, so that when viewed sideways the metathorax forms
+an obtuse angular shape. Abdomen ovate, the node of the peduncle
+elevated, incrassate, rounded anteriorly, and flat behind.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Polyrhachis</span>, <i>Smith</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Formica sericata, <i>Gu&eacute;r. Voy. Coq. Zool.</i> ii. 203; <i>Atlas Ins.</i> pl.
+8. f. 2, 2 <i>a</i>, <i>b</i>, <i>c</i>, <i>d</i>, <ins class="correction" title="Symbol: Mercury">&#9791;</ins>. (Polyrhachis sericata,
+<i>Smith, Append. Cat. Form.</i> p. 200.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru; New Hebrides.</p>
+
+<p>2. Formica sexspinosa, <i>Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm.</i> p. 126, pl. iv. f. 21
+<ins class="correction" title="Symbol: Mercury">&#9791;</ins>. (Polyrhachis sexspinosa, <i>Smith, Cat. Form.</i> p. 56.
+3.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru; India; Philippine Islands.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Polyrhachis marginatus.</span> <i>P.</i> niger; antennis, palpis pedibusque
+ferrugineis; thoracis marginibus recurvis, metathorace petiolique
+squamul&acirc; bidentatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 2&frac12; lines. Black; the antenn&aelig; and legs ferruginous;
+the head and thorax rugose; the prothorax transverse, its anterior
+margin slightly curved, with the lateral angles produced forwards and
+very acute; the thorax narrowed to the metathorax, which is armed with
+two divergent acute spines. Abdomen velvety black and globose; the scale
+of the petiole produced laterally into long, bent, acute spines, which
+curve backwards to the shape of the abdomen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Polyrhachis hostilis.</span> <i>P.</i> niger, longitudinaliter striatus, thoracis
+marginibus expansis, metathorace squamul&acirc;que petioli spinis duabus
+crassis acutis curvatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 3 lines. Black; the head and thorax longitudinally
+striated, the abdomen very finely and evenly so; the prothorax
+transverse, wider than the head, the anterior and lateral margins
+recurved, the latter acute at their anterior angles, and rounded at the
+posterior ones; the lateral margins of the mesothorax recurved, a deep
+notch between the meso- and metathorax; the latter with a long, stout,
+curved, acute spine on each side. The scale of the petiole produced
+above on each side, into a long, curved, stout, acute spine, which
+curves backwards round the sides of the abdomen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>5. <span class="smcap">Polyrhachis longipes.</span> <i>P.</i> niger; flagelli dimidio apicali tibiisque
+anticis pallid&egrave; ferrugineis, prothorace petiolique squamul&acirc; bidentatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 3 lines. Black; the head and thorax finely rugose; the
+antenn&aelig; elongate, longer than the insect; the apical half of the
+flagellum pale ferruginous. Thorax rounded above, the sides not
+margined; two spines on the thorax anteriorly, two on the metathorax,
+and two on the scale of the petiole; the legs elongate, with the
+anterior tibi&aelig; ferruginous. Abdomen globose, sometimes rufo-fuscous, or
+the base obscurely rufous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>6. <span class="smcap">Polyrhachis serratus.</span> <i>P.</i> niger; capite thoraceque rugosis, abdomine
+dens&egrave; punctato, squam&acirc; petioli transvers&acirc;, margine superno serrat&acirc;.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 2 lines. Black, with the antenn&aelig; and legs ferruginous.
+Thorax oblong-quadrate or very slightly narrowed towards the metathorax,
+slightly convex above, not margined at the sides, the divisions not
+perceptible; the head and thorax rugose and pubescent. Abdomen globose,
+shining, and closely punctured; the scale of the petiole transverse
+above, produced into an acute spine on each side, the upper margin
+finely serrated, the lateral margins narrowed to their base, and having
+two or three small sharp spines.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>7. <span class="smcap">Polyrhachis scutulatus.</span> <i>P.</i> niger, fortiter politus et lucidus,
+metathorace petiolique squamul&acirc; dente longo curvato acuto in latere
+utroque, pedibus nigro-ferrugineis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 2&frac34; lines. Black and very smooth and shining; the
+legs dark ferruginous. Thorax: the disk expanded, slightly convex above,
+with the margins acute and curving upwards; the anterior margin
+transverse, rather wider than the head, with the lateral angles slightly
+curved forwards, and very acute; the lateral margins of the prothorax
+curved backwards and inwards; the margins of the mesothorax are rounded;
+the pro- and mesothorax highly polished above, forming an
+escutcheon-shaped disk; the metathorax opake, and sprinkled with a few
+short glittering hairs, armed posteriorly with two long very acute
+spines, divergent and directed backwards. Abdomen globose; the scale of
+the petiole with two long curved acute spines, directed backwards to the
+curve of the abdomen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>8. <span class="smcap">Polyrhachis mucronatus.</span> <i>P.</i> l&aelig;vis, nitidus, niger; thorace spinis
+duabus crassis compressis acutis postic&egrave; armato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 2&frac12; lines. Black, smooth, and shining, very
+delicately and indistinctly aciculate; the antenn&aelig; beneath and the tibi&aelig;
+and femora obscurely ferruginous, the anterior and intermediate tibi&aelig;
+brightest; the apex of the mandibles ferruginous. Thorax transverse<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[Pg 141]</a></span> in
+front, or very slightly curved, with the lateral angles acute; the
+thorax is rounded above, and not margined at the sides; the metathorax
+armed with two long, stout, acute compressed spines; the spines
+divergent, as well as two on the scale of the petiole, which are long
+and very acute. Abdomen globose.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>9. <span class="smcap">Polyrhachis geometricus.</span> <i>P.</i> niger; antennarum apice, tibiis
+tarsorumque apice ferrugineis, thorace circulariter striato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 2 lines. Black; the apical joints of the flagellum, the
+anterior legs, the anterior and intermediate tibi&aelig;, and the apical
+joints of the tarsi pale ferruginous; the extreme base of the anterior
+tarsi black. Thorax rounded above, not margined, gradually narrowed
+posteriorly; the prothorax of the same width as the head, its lateral
+angles toothed; the disk with a circular striation. Abdomen globose and
+pubescent; the scale of the petiole compressed, its superior margin
+rounded, and with four minute teeth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>10. <span class="smcap">Polyrhachis irritabilis.</span> <i>P.</i> niger, pube pallid&egrave; aure&acirc; vestitus;
+thorace quadridentato, petioli squamul&acirc; bidentat&acirc;.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 6&frac12; lines. Black, and densely clothed with short pale
+golden pubescence; all parts of the insect sprinkled with erect
+cinereous hairs; the mandibles shining black, the palpi pale testaceous;
+the head elongate, the eyes placed high on the sides of the head,
+ferruginous and very prominent. Thorax elongate-ovate; the prothorax
+with a short, stout, acute tooth on each side, slightly curved and
+directed forwards; the metathorax with a similar tooth on each side
+directed backwards; the wings subhyaline, the nervures fuscous; the legs
+fusco-ferruginous, the femora and cox&aelig; brightest. Abdomen ovate; the
+scale incrassate, armed above with two stout acute teeth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>This is probably the female of <i>P. sexspinosus</i>.</p>
+
+<p>11. <span class="smcap">Polyrhachis l&aelig;vissimus.</span> <i>P.</i> niger, l&aelig;vis nitidusque; metathorace
+bispinoso, petioli squamul&acirc; quadrispinos&acirc;, pedibus ferrugineis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 2&frac34; lines. Black, very smooth and shining; the legs
+ferruginous, with the cox&aelig;, articulations, and the tarsi black. The
+thorax not flattened above, or margined at the sides; the division
+between the pro- and mesothorax distinct, that between the meso- and
+metathorax not discernible, the latter with two erect acute spines; the
+scale of the petiole with four short acute spines. Abdomen globose.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>This species is very like <i>P. mucronatus</i>; on close examination,
+however, it is seen to be very distinct: it may be at once distinguished
+by its larger head, which is wider than the thorax, rounded behind the
+eyes, and widely emarginate behind.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[Pg 142]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>12. <span class="smcap">Polyrhachis bellicosus.</span> <i>P.</i> capite abdomineque nigris, thorace
+femoribusque rufis, thorace quadrispinoso, petioli squamul&acirc; bihamat&acirc;.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker</i>. Length 3&frac12; lines. Black, with the scale of the petiole,
+thorax, cox&aelig;, and femora blood-red. Thorax: the lateral margins raised
+above, with two slightly curved divergent spines in front, and two
+stout, acute, long curved spines in the middle, directed backwards; the
+scale of the petiole forming a long erect pedestal, which terminates
+above in two much bent acute hooks, directed backwards, and being as
+high as the basal segment of the abdomen; the spines and hooks black at
+the apex. Abdomen ovate.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>13. <span class="smcap">Polyrhachis Hector.</span> <i>P.</i> niger et vestitus pube pallid&egrave; aure&acirc;;
+prothorace petiolique squamul&acirc; bispinosis, pedibus ferrugineis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 3 lines. Black; the apex of the scape and the legs
+ferruginous; the extreme base of the tibi&aelig; and the tarsi black; a stout
+acute spine on each side of the prothorax, directed forwards; the thorax
+flattened above, its lateral margins raised; the divisions of the
+segments very distinctly impressed; the pale golden pubescence on the
+abdomen thinner than on the head and thorax. The scale of the petiole
+angled at the sides towards its summit, the angles dentate, the upper
+margin straight, and at each lateral angle an acute spine, directed
+backwards, and curved to the shape of the abdomen; the spines parallel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>14. <span class="smcap">Polyrhachis rufofemoratus.</span> <i>P.</i> niger, l&aelig;vis, nitidus; femoribus
+abdominisque squamul&acirc; ferrugineis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 3&frac12; lines. Black; head oblong; the eyes placed high
+at the sides near the vertex, the front very prominent, with two
+elevated carin&aelig; in the middle, at the outside of which the antenn&aelig; are
+inserted. Thorax: the divisions strongly marked, flattened above with
+the sides elevated; the prothorax with an acute spine on each side
+anteriorly; the cox&aelig; and femora ferruginous, with the apex of the latter
+more or less fuscous. Abdomen: the base and the scale ferruginous, the
+latter angled at the sides and emarginate above.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Ponera</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Ponera rugosa, <i>Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. Proc. Linn. Soc.</i> ii. 66. 5.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru. Borneo.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Ponera sculpturata.</span> <i>P.</i> nitida nigra; capite, thorace abdominisque
+segmentis primo et secundo profund&egrave; striatis, nodo spinis duabus acutis
+armato; pedibus abdomineque apice ferrugineis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 5 lines. Black and shiny, the legs obscurely
+ferruginous<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[Pg 143]</a></span> as well as the mandibles; the head strongly and evenly
+striated longitudinally. The prothorax with a circular striation above;
+behind, the thorax is compressed, the sides being obliquely striated,
+the stri&aelig; uniting and crossing the central ridge of the thorax. The node
+of the petiole and basal segment of the abdomen with a curved striation,
+the second segment longitudinally striated and depressed at its base,
+which is smooth and shining; the basal half of the third segment is
+longitudinally striated.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>This species is at first sight very like the <i>P. geometrica</i> from
+Singapore; but the striation of the abdomen alone will serve to
+distinguish it.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Ponera parallela.</span> <i>P.</i> nigra, opaca; antennis, mandibulis, pedibus
+abdominisque apice ferrugineis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 3&frac14; lines. Opake black; the antenn&aelig; thick and
+scarcely as long as the thorax, their apex and the mandibles bright
+ferruginous; the legs somewhat obscure ferruginous, with the
+articulations much brighter; the head a little wider than the thorax and
+subovate; the thorax, node of the petiole, and the abdomen of nearly
+equal width, the abdomen being slightly the widest; the node of the
+petiole nearly quadrate; the apical margin of the first segment and base
+of the second slightly depressed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Ponera quadridentata.</span> <i>P.</i> atro-fusca; antennis, facie antic&egrave;,
+antennis, mandibulis, tibiis tarsisque ferrugineis; alis subhyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 3&frac12; lines. Nigro-fuscous; the antenn&aelig; with a carina
+between their base, the face anteriorly, the mandibles, the legs, and
+the abdomen at its apex and beneath, ferruginous; the femora and cox&aelig;
+above, fuscous; the head subquadrate with the angles rounded; the eyes
+small and placed forwards on the sides of the head towards the base of
+the mandibles, the latter with four strong teeth on their inner margin.
+Thorax oblong-ovate with the metathorax truncate; the wings
+fusco-hyaline, the stigma large and black. Abdomen: the second segment
+slightly narrowed at its base, the node of the petiole incrassate and
+compressed, its upper margin rounded. The insect entirely covered with a
+short downy cinereous pile, the abdomen having also a number of
+scattered erect glittering hairs.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Ectatomma</span>, <i>Smith</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Ectatomma rugosa.</span> <i>E.</i> fusco-brunnea; capite, thorace, nodoque
+rugosis; abdomine delicatul&egrave; aciculato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 4 lines. Obscure fusco-ferruginous, the antenn&aelig; and
+legs bright ferruginous; the head, thorax, and node of the petiole
+coarsely rugose; the eyes very prominent and glassy; the mandibles<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[Pg 144]</a></span>
+longitudinally but very delicately striated, their inner margin
+edentate; the thorax slightly narrowed behind. Abdomen very delicately
+aciculate.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 3&frac12; lines. Of the same colour, and sculptured like the
+worker; the head rounded behind the eyes and narrowed before them; the
+eyes very large, prominent and ovate; the ocelli very bright and
+prominent; antenn&aelig; elongate and slender, the scape short, not longer
+than the second joint of the flagellum. Thorax: the scutellum prominent,
+forming a rounded tubercle, the metathorax elongate and oblique. Abdomen
+aciculate as in the worker, but much more deeply strangulated between
+the first and second segments; the petiole rugose and clavate.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Odontomachus</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Odontomachus simillimus, <i>Smith, Cat. Form.</i> p. 80. 11 <ins class="correction" title="Symbol: female">&#9792;</ins>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru. Ceylon.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Odontomachus tyrannicus.</span> <i>O.</i> capite thoraceque nigris, antennis
+abdomineque ferrugineis, margine interno mandibulorum serratulo.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 7 lines. Head oblong, narrowed behind, posteriorly
+deeply emarginate; the mandibles rufo-piceous, brightest at their apex,
+which is armed with two long teeth which are bent abruptly inwards,
+their tips black; the anterior portion of the head striated obliquely
+from the centre; the head, behind the anterior sulcation, very smooth
+and shining and having a deep longitudinal central depression. Thorax
+transversely striated, the articulations of the legs and the tarsi
+ferruginous. Abdomen smooth, shining, and ferruginous; the node of the
+petiole incrassate, cylindric, and tapering upwards into a very acute
+spine.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Odontomachus malignus.</span> <i>O.</i> ferrugineus; capite supr&agrave; obliqu&egrave;
+striato; margine interno mandibulorum confertim serrato; metathorace
+transversim striato; squam&acirc; unispinos&acirc;; abdomine l&aelig;vissimo.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 7 lines. Ferruginous; the flagellum and legs palest;
+head much narrowed behind, the posterior margin deeply emarginate;
+mandibles smooth and shining, their inner margin strongly serrated,
+their apex abruptly bent or elbowed, and armed with two stout teeth; the
+face anteriorly evenly striated obliquely; the head behind the anterior
+sulcation very delicately striated obliquely. The prothorax smooth and
+shining, the meso- and metathorax transversely striated. Abdomen very
+smooth and shining; the node of the petiole incrassate and tapering
+upwards into an acute spine.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>This species most closely resembles <i>O. maxillaris</i> from Brazil; but
+its<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</a></span> smooth polished prothorax alone would distinguish it; its head is
+much broader anteriorly, and less elongate.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Pseudomyrma</span>, <i>Gu&eacute;r.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Pseudomyrma l&aelig;viceps.</span> <i>P.</i> nigra, l&aelig;vis et nitida; antennis,
+mandibulis, tibiis anterioribus, tarsisque rufo-fulvis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 2&frac14; lines. Black and shining; head very smooth and
+slightly emarginate behind, the eyes large and ovate; the mandibles and
+antenn&aelig; rufo-fulvous. Thorax with the sides flattened, the disk slightly
+convex; a deep strangulation between the meso- and metathorax, the
+latter rounded above and oblique behind; the trochanters, articulations
+of the legs, and the tarsi rufo-fulvous. Abdomen thinly covered with a
+fine cinereous pile; the first node of the petiole somewhat
+oblong-ovate, the second subglobose, the petiole of the first node
+short.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Podomyrma</span>, <i>Smith</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p><i>Head</i> oblong in the <i>female</i>, rather wider than the thorax; in the
+<i>worker</i> subovate and much wider; <i>eyes</i> small, ovate and placed about
+the middle at the sides of the head; <i>antenn&aelig;</i> geniculated, the scape
+about two thirds of the length of the flagellum which is clavate, the
+club three-jointed; the <i>mandibles</i> stout and dentate; the <i>labial
+palpi</i> 3-jointed; the <i>maxillary palpi</i> 4-jointed. <i>Thorax</i>,
+oblong-ovate in the <i>female</i>, in the <i>worker</i> transverse in front and
+narrowed behind with the metathorax bidentate; the anterior wings with
+one elongate marginal cell and two submarginal cells, the second
+extending to the apex of the wing; the legs stout, the femora
+incrassate; abdomen ovate, the peduncle with two nodes.</p>
+
+<p>The insects included in this genus are undoubtedly most nearly allied to
+those belonging to the genus <i>Myrmecina</i>; but, excepting that they agree
+in having the same number of joints in the palpi, they have little
+resemblance to each other. With the exception of the genus <i>Myrmecia</i>,
+these are the largest insects in the subfamily Myrmicid&aelig;; and all the
+species are distinguished by their remarkably thickened femora and
+margined thorax: we are unacquainted with the males.</p>
+
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Podomyrma femorata.</span> <i>P.</i> ferruginea; capite oblongo, obliqu&egrave; striato,
+thorace abdomineque l&aelig;vibus nitidis; alis subhyalinis fusco-nebulosis;
+femoribus vald&egrave; incrassatis, basi tenuissimis, femoribus posticis infr&agrave;
+compressis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 8 lines. Rufo-testaceous; the mandibles and anterior
+margin of the face black, the inner margin of the mandibles rufo-piceous
+and armed with six short stout teeth, the apical tooth largest. The head
+oblong, slightly narrowed posteriorly and emarginate behind,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[Pg 146]</a></span>
+longitudinally striated, the stri&aelig; diverging from the centre at the
+anterior ocellus; at half the distance between the posterior ocelli and
+the margin of the vertex the stri&aelig; are transverse. Thorax smooth and
+shining, with scattered fulvous hairs; the wings fusco-hyaline, with a
+dark fuscous stain occupying the marginal cell and traversing the course
+of all the nervures; the legs with the femora much incrassated, the
+posterior pair compressed beneath into a flattened process or keel.
+Abdomen ovate, smooth, shining, and with a scattered fulvous pubescence;
+the first node of the petiole rounded in front, narrowed and truncate
+behind, with a large compressed tooth beneath; the second node
+subglobose.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker major.</i> Length 4 lines. Ferruginous, entirely smooth and
+shining; the thorax, legs, and abdomen more or less obscure, the femora
+being usually rufo-piceous; the mandibles striated with their margins
+black. Thorax nearly flat above, very slightly convex with the sides
+margined, the anterior margin slightly rounded, the lateral angles
+produced into small acute spines; a deep strangulation at the base of
+the metathorax, a little before which the lateral margins are produced
+into an angular tooth, the metathorax with two short acute spines; the
+femora thickly incrassate. Abdomen ovate.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Podomyrma striata.</span> <i>P.</i> ferruginea; capite thoraceque
+longitudinaliter striatis, femoribus vald&egrave; incrassatis, basi
+tenuissimis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 3 lines. Rufo-ferruginous with the abdomen obscure,
+becoming blackish at the apex, the head coarsely striated, with a
+central portion from the insertion of the antenn&aelig; to the hinder margin
+of the vertex delicately so; the mandibles striated, with the teeth on
+their inner margin black. Thorax rugose-striate, the anterior lateral
+angles dentate, the metathorax without spines; the femora thickly
+incrassate and greatly attenuated at their base. Abdomen ovate, smooth
+and shining; the nodes of the petiole rugose.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>This species resembles <i>P. femorata</i>, but is easily distinguished by its
+striated head and thorax; the latter is similarly flattened above and
+margined at the sides; the femora are also thickened precisely as in
+that species.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Podomyrma l&aelig;vifrons.</span> <i>P.</i> obscur&egrave; ferruginea; capite abdomineque
+l&aelig;vissimis lucidisque; thorace longitudinaliter striato; femoribus medio
+vald&egrave; incrassatis, basi tenuissimis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 2&frac12; lines. Head and abdomen smooth, shining black, in
+some examples fusco-ferruginous; the antenn&aelig;, legs, and thorax
+ferruginous, the latter longitudinally striated; the thorax margined at
+the sides, the disk slightly convex, the anterior margin slightly
+rounded, with the lateral angles armed with short acute spines, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[Pg 147]</a></span>
+thorax deeply strangulated posteriorly, the metathorax not spined; the
+femora thickly swollen in the middle and very slender at their base and
+apex. Abdomen ovate, the first node of the petiole oblong, the second
+globose.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>There is considerable variation in intensity of colouring in examples of
+this species, the thorax and legs being sometimes pale ferruginous; in
+the specimen described they are dark; every shade of gradation occurs in
+different individuals.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Podomyrma basalis.</span> <i>P.</i> fusco-ferruginea; abdominis basi pallid&egrave;
+testacea; femoribus medio incrassatis, basi tenuibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 3 lines. Obscurely ferruginous, the scape of the
+antenn&aelig;, the base of the femora and the tibi&aelig; pale ferruginous; the base
+of the abdomen pale testaceous; the head and thorax with deep coarse
+longitudinal furrows; the flagellum blackish-brown towards its apex,
+with the extreme tip pale. Thorax: the anterior margin slightly rounded
+with the lateral angles very acute; the femora very thickly incrassate
+in the middle; the apex of the tibi&aelig; ferruginous. Abdomen smooth and
+shining; the basal half pale testaceous, the apical half and the
+following segments black; the nodes of the petiole rugose; the first
+node elongate, with a short acute tooth at the base above, and a blunt
+one beneath.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Myrmica</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Myrmica parallela.</span> <i>M.</i> rufo-fulva; antennis pedibusque pallid&egrave;
+testaceis; abdomine fusco-ferrugineo; capite thoraceque longitudinaliter
+striatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 1 line. Head and thorax ferruginous and longitudinally
+and evenly striated; antenn&aelig; and legs pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax
+margined at the sides, the disk slightly convex, the anterior margin
+transverse, the lateral angles acute; the metathorax with two short
+spines; abdomen dark fusco-ferruginous, the nodes of the petiole
+subrugose; club of the antenn&aelig; 3-jointed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Myrmica scabrosa.</span> <i>M.</i> nigra; capite thoraceque scabrosis,
+metathorace bispinoso, abdomine ovato l&aelig;vi.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 1 line. Black; the head, thorax, and nodes of the
+petiole roughened; the mandibles, flagellum and tarsi rufo-testaceous;
+the lateral angles of the prothorax acute, the sides narrowed slightly
+to the base of the metathorax, the spines on the latter acute; nodes of
+the petiole globose. Abdomen ovate, smooth and shining; club of the
+antenn&aelig; 3-jointed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Myrmica thoracica.</span> <i>M.</i> capite abdomineque nigris; antennis,
+mandibulis thorace pedibusque flavis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length &frac34; line. Head and abdomen jet-black; the antenn&aelig;,
+thorax, and legs of a clear honey-yellow; the mandibles of a more
+obscure yellow; the anterior margin of the thorax transverse, the
+lateral angles acute, narrowed from thence to the base of the
+mesothorax, the disk anteriorly slightly convex; the metathorax armed
+with two acute spines. Abdomen nearly round, and very smooth and
+shining; the first node of the petiole vertical anteriorly, and
+gradually rounded behind, the second node transverse, its anterior
+margin straight, the angles rounded, the sides narrowed towards the
+abdomen; the club of the antenn&aelig; 3-jointed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>The singular form of the thorax of this species, as well as the
+construction of the nodes of the petiole, appear to indicate an
+uncharacterized division of the genus <i>Myrmica</i>.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Myrmica suspiciosa.</span> <i>M.</i> rufo-testacea, l&aelig;vis, tota nitidissima nuda;
+mandibulis, antennis, pedum articulationibus tarsisque palles-centibus;
+metathoracis spinis minutissimis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 1 line. Rufo-testaceous and very smooth and shining;
+the antenn&aelig; as long as the insect; the flagellum, mandibles, tarsi, and
+articulations of the legs pale testaceous. The thorax narrowed
+anteriorly into a short neck, behind which it is dilated, the sides
+being rounded, the meso- and metathorax narrower and of nearly equal
+width, the spines of the metathorax minute and slender. The first node
+of the petiole somewhat wedge-shaped, the second globose, the abdomen
+very smooth and shining; club of the antenn&aelig; 3-jointed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>I can detect no specific difference between this and <i>Myrmica l&aelig;vigata</i>,
+taken by myself in the neighbourhood of London; but it is not uncommonly
+met with in hothouses, near to which I captured my specimen. I believe
+<i>M. l&aelig;vigata</i> is identical with <i>&OElig;cophthora pusilla</i>, the House-Ant
+of Madeira.</p>
+
+<p>5. <span class="smcap">Myrmica mellea.</span> <i>M.</i> capite thoraceque flavis; abdomine pallid&egrave;
+fusco.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 1&frac34; line. Head, antenn&aelig;, thorax, and legs
+honey-yellow and very smooth and shining; thorax strangulated at the
+base of the metathorax, which is not spined; the first node of the
+abdomen is oblique anteriorly, and vertical behind, the second node
+subglobose. Abdomen: the base honey-yellow, the apical margin of the
+first segment, and the following segments entirely, pale fuscous; the
+club of the antenn&aelig; 2-jointed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>6. <span class="smcap">Myrmica carinata.</span> <i>M.</i> obscur&egrave; fusco-ferruginea; thorace rufo-fulvo;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</a></span>
+capite thoraceque carinis irregularibus; metathorace spinis duabus
+longis armato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 1&frac14; lines. Head and abdomen black, with more or less
+of an obscure ferruginous tinge, particularly at the vertex and base of
+the abdomen; the thorax and nodes of the petiole ferruginous; the legs
+rufo-piceous, with the tarsi and articulations ferruginous, the antenn&aelig;
+and mandibles ferruginous; the head and thorax with irregular distant
+longitudinal carin&aelig;; the sides of the thorax rugose; the spines on the
+metathorax long and acute; the abdomen very smooth and shining; the club
+of the antenn&aelig; 3-jointed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Crematogaster</span>, <i>Lund</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Crematogaster obscura, <i>Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins., Journ. Proc. Linn.
+Soc.</i> ii. 76. 4 <ins class="correction" title="Symbol: Mercury">&#9791;</ins>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru; Borneo.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Crematogaster elegans.</span> <i>C.</i> pallid&egrave; rufo-testaceus; abdomine
+nigerrimo nitido; thorace bispinoso.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length &frac34; line. Entirely pale rufo-testaceous, excepting the
+eyes and abdomen which are jet black; the nodes of the petiole pale,
+smooth, and shining. Head about the same width as the abdomen. The
+lateral angles of the anterior margin of the prothorax acute, the
+metathorax armed with two long acute spines. Abdomen heart-shaped, its
+apex acute.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Crematogaster insularis.</span> <i>C.</i> niger, l&aelig;vis et nitidus; antennis
+tarsisque pallid&egrave; testaceis; thorace spinis duabus acutis armato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 1&frac14; line. Black, smooth and shining; the vertex,
+thorax and nodes of the peduncle with an obscure ferruginous tinge; the
+antenn&aelig;, tarsi, and articulations of the legs pale rufo-testaceous; the
+spines which arm the metathorax stout, elongate, and acute, with their
+apex pale testaceous. Abdomen heart-shaped and very acute at the apex.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Solenopsis</span>, <i>Westw.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Solenopsis cephalotes.</span> <i>S.</i> pallid&egrave; ferruginea; capite maxim&egrave; in
+medio sulcato, abdomine apice fusco.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker major.</i> Length 2&frac12; lines. Pale ferruginous, with the anterior
+part of the face darker, the mandibles incrassate and very dark
+fusco-ferruginous; head very large and divided by a deep longitudinal
+channel, emarginate behind, nearly quadrate; the eyes small and placed
+forwards on the sides of the head. The metathorax truncate, not spined.
+Abdomen ovate, truncate at the base, its apex fuscous; the first node of
+the petiole compressed, its margin rounded above,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</a></span> the second node
+incrassate and subglobose; club of the antenn&aelig; 2-jointed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker minor.</i> Length 1&frac12; line. Of the same colour as the <i>worker
+major</i>, but with the head of the ordinary size and slightly narrowed
+behind, the mandibles of the same colour as the head; the legs and
+antenn&aelig; longer, as well as the petiole of the abdomen; the body is very
+smooth and shining, the club of the antenn&aelig; 2-jointed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Subfam. <span class="smcap">Cryptocerid&aelig;</span>, <i>Smith</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Meranoplus</span>, <i>Smith</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Meranoplus spinosus.</span> <i>M.</i> castaneo-rufus; abdomine nigro, thorace
+sexspinoso; abdomine ovato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worker.</i> Length 1&frac12; line. Head and thorax rugose; the antenn&aelig; and
+tarsi rufo-testaceous; the eyes rather prominent, the groove above them
+at the sides of the head extending backwards to the vertex. Thorax: the
+anterior margin curved forwards, the lateral angles produced into a
+bifurcate process on each side, behind the processes, slightly narrowed
+to the base of a long curved tooth; the posterior margin emarginate with
+a long sharp spine at each angle of the emargination; the node of the
+petiole globose. Abdomen black, smooth and shining.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. MUTILLID&AElig;, <i>Leach</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Mutilla</span>, <i>Linn.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Mutilla Sibylla, <i>Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc.</i> ii. 86. 11 <ins class="correction" title="Symbol: female">&#9792;</ins>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru; Borneo; Celebes.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Mutilla manifesta.</span> <i>M.</i> capite abdomineque nigris, thorace
+sanguineo-rubro, maris alis nigro-fuscis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 4&frac34; lines. Head black and rugose. The thorax
+blood-red and coarsely rugose, its anterior margin widest and straight,
+the sides gradually narrowed to the apex in a slight curve; the lateral
+margins have two teeth not wide apart. Abdomen black, rugose, and
+slightly shining, with black pubescence above; on the under surface it
+is glittering silvery-white; the legs and sides of the thorax have a
+similar pubescence.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> The same size as the female, and the same colour; the eyes
+notched. The thorax oblong-quadrate, the posterior lateral angles acute;
+the tegul&aelig; large and red; the wings dark brown, with their extreme base
+hyaline. Abdomen shining black, the first and second segments strongly
+punctured, the rest much more finely and not very closely so.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Mutilla carinata.</span> <i>M.</i> capite thoraceque metallico-purpureis<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></span> viridi
+tinctis, pedibus ferrugineis, abdomine nigro, basi pallido fasciat&acirc;,
+segmento secundo ad apicem fasci&acirc; bilobat&acirc; ornato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 4&frac14; lines. The head and thorax of a metallic purple
+tint with shades of green and copper; the scape of the antenn&aelig;, the
+mandibles, palpi, and legs ferruginous; the head and thorax closely and
+strongly punctured. The abdomen velvety black; the base truncate, the
+truncation smooth and shining; its margin carinate; the upper surface of
+the basal segment yellowish-white, a broad bilobed fascia of the same
+colour at the apical margin of the second segment; the apex ferruginous.
+<i>Male.</i> The head and thorax metallic green, strongly and closely
+punctured; abdomen black and shining, much more finely punctured than
+the thorax; wings light brown, with their base and extreme apex hyaline;
+the legs ferruginous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Mutilla nigra.</span> <i>M.</i> nigra et punctata, abdomine l&aelig;vi et nitido,
+delicatul&egrave; punctato, alis fuscis, basi hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 6&frac12; lines. Black; head and thorax closely and strongly
+punctured; the eyes slightly notched; the face with silvery-white
+pubescence, the mandibles shining, the palpi black. Thorax: the
+metathorax densely clothed with yellowish-white pubescence; the legs
+with glittering white hairs, the calcaria white; wings brown with their
+base hyaline. Abdomen smooth and shining, delicately and sparingly
+punctured, with a few silvery hairs at the sides.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>5. <span class="smcap">Mutilla exilis.</span> <i>M.</i> nigra et punctata; abdomine l&aelig;vigato, nitido;
+alis subhyalinis; facie et metathorace pube argentat&acirc; vestitis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 6&frac12; lines. Black; head and thorax strongly punctured;
+the eyes emarginate, the face with glittering silvery-white pubescence,
+the cheek thinly sprinkled with silvery hairs; the palpi testaceous.
+Thorax: the metathorax densely clothed with silvery pubescence, beneath,
+at the sides, and also the legs with scattered silvery hairs, the
+calcaria white; the tegul&aelig; shining; the wings subhyaline with the
+nervures dark fuscous. Abdomen shining black, smooth, and very
+delicately and sparingly punctured, the apical margins of the segments
+very thinly fringed with glittering silvery hairs.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Tribe FOSSORES, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. SCOLIAD&AElig;, <i>Leach</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Myzine.</span></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Myzine tenuicornis.</span> <i>M.</i> nigra, alis hyalinis, abdomine nitido
+flavoque variegato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 7 lines. Black; the head and thorax very closely
+punctured, thinly clothed with griseous pubescence, that on the face,
+thorax<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</a></span> beneath, and on the cox&aelig; most dense and glittering; antenn&aelig; more
+slender than is usual in this genus, and tapering to their apex, the
+joints slightly subarcuate; the mandibles bidentate at their apex and
+with a yellow spot at their base. Thorax: the posterior margin of the
+prothorax, a spot beneath the wings, the tegul&aelig;, and the postscutellum
+yellow; the anterior and intermediate tibi&aelig; ferruginous and more or less
+dusky above, the posterior pair ferruginous beneath. Abdomen shining,
+the margins of the segments deeply depressed; a small ovate spot on each
+side of the first segment, the second and three following segments with
+a narrow stripe on each side in the middle, yellow; the yellow markings
+obscure; the apical segment coarsely rugose; beneath, the segments are
+closely and strongly punctured.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Scolia</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>Division I. The anterior wings with two submarginal cells and two
+recurrent nervures.</p>
+
+<p>1. Scolia grossa, <i>Burm. Abh. Nat. Ges. Halle</i>, i. p. 23. (Tiphia
+grossa, <i>Fabr. Syst. Piez.</i> p. 232. 4.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru; Java.</p>
+
+<p>The specimens of this species received from Aru are only 9 lines in
+length; I have examined others from Celebes, Borneo, India, and Java,
+showing every difference between 9 lines and 18 lines.</p>
+
+<p>Division II. Anterior wings with two submarginal cells and one recurrent
+nervure.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Scolia nitida.</span> <i>S.</i> nitida, aterrima; alis &aelig;neo et violaceo splendid&egrave;
+micantibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 11 lines. Shining jet-black, the abdomen with prismatic
+tints. The flagellum fusco-ferruginous beneath, the mandibles
+ferruginous at their apex; the wings dark brown with a splendid lustre
+of coppery and golden tints mixed with shades of violet. The head with a
+few punctures behind the ocelli; the thorax with scattered punctures;
+the metathorax finely but not closely punctured; the disk of the
+mesothorax impunctate; the abdomen with fine scattered punctures; the
+apical segment opake, rugose, and with its apical margin pale
+testaceous; the abdomen beneath with strong distant punctures.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Scolia fulgidipennis.</span> <i>S.</i> nitida, nigra; abdomine prismatico, alis
+fuscis viride et violaceo micantibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 12-13 lines. Jet-black, shining; head very smooth, the
+hinder margin of the vertex finely punctured, the face with a few fine
+scattered punctures; the flagellum obscurely rufo-fuscous. Thorax finely
+punctured, the disk of the mesothorax impunctate; wings dark brown with
+a splendid green iridescence, with violet tints towards<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[Pg 153]</a></span> their base; the
+legs thickly spinose and pubescent; the calcaria simple. Abdomen with
+scattered fine punctures; the apical segment densely clothed with black
+pubescence; beneath, with strong scattered punctures.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Rather smaller than the female, much more closely punctured, and
+not so shining and smooth; the face with a transverse arched carina
+above the insertion of the antenn&aelig;, which enters the emargination of the
+eyes; the clypeus strongly punctured; in other respects resembling the
+female.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>This species belongs to Gu&eacute;rin's division Liacos, of which <i>S.
+dimidiata</i> is the type; the third discoidal cell is petiolated, the
+petiole entering the second submarginal about the middle.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Scolia insularis.</span> <i>S.</i> nitida nigra; abdomine prismatico, alis
+obscur&egrave; fuscis cupreo submicantibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 7-9 lines. Shining black; head punctured, the vertex most
+finely and distinctly so. Thorax punctured, the disk of the mesothorax
+impunctate, the punctures wide apart on the scutellum and metathorax;
+the wings dark brown with a coppery iridescence, which has a remarkable
+dimness as if breathed upon. The basal segment of the abdomen strongly
+and closely punctured; the following segments more finely and distantly
+punctured, particularly the second and third segments.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Key Island.</p>
+
+<p>5. <span class="smcap">Scolia quadriceps.</span> <i>S.</i> nitida nigra; f&oelig;min&aelig; capite magno
+subquadrato, alis fuscis cupreo iridescentibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 6-8 lines. Black and shining; head subquadrate, smooth
+and shining, as wide as the thorax, with a few punctures at the sides of
+the face and between the antenn&aelig;. Thorax finely punctured, with the disk
+of the mesothorax impunctate; wings dark brown with a rich coppery
+iridescence. Abdomen with a fine prismatic lustre, closely and strongly
+punctured towards the apex and at the extreme base, the second segment
+and the middle of the third with only a few very fine scattered
+punctures.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>This species also belongs to the division Liacos; the petiolated cell is
+small and oblong-quadrate; the male exactly resembles the female, except
+that its head is smaller and narrower than the thorax; the abdomen is
+rather more strongly punctured.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Pompilus</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Pompilus dubius.</span> <i>P.</i> niger, pilis mutabili-sericeis tectus; alis
+subhyalinis, apice nebuloso.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 4&frac14; lines. Black and covered with a thin changeable
+silvery pile, which is most dense on the sides of the metathorax and
+base of the segments of the abdomen. The vertex emarginate behind, the
+eyes very large, their inner orbits emarginate, reaching high on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[Pg 154]</a></span> the
+sides of the head nearly to the margin of the vertex; the clypeus
+emarginate in front, the labrum produced. Thorax: the prothorax
+subelongate, narrowed anteriorly; the wings subhyaline, their apex
+clouded; the intermediate and posterior tibi&aelig; with a double row of
+spines; all the tarsi simple; the calcaria stout and elongate. Abdomen
+shining, with the margins of the segments slightly depressed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Subgen. <span class="smcap">Agenia</span>, <i>Schi&ouml;dte</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Agenia blanda, <i>Gu&eacute;r. Voy. Coq. Zool.</i> pt. 2. ii. p. 260.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Celebes; India; Singapore; Malacca; Borneo; Key Island.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Agenia Callisto.</span> <i>A.</i> nigra, pilis sericeis vestita; facie thoraceque
+subt&ugrave;s pube argentato-alb&acirc; dens&egrave;: vestitis; alis fasciis duabus
+angustis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 8 lines. Black; the face, clypeus, and cheeks with a
+dense silvery-white pile; the tips of the mandibles obscurely
+ferruginous, the palpi black. Thorax with a brilliant silvery-white pile
+on the sides, beneath, and on the cox&aelig;; the metathorax transversely
+rugose; the wings hyaline; the anterior pair with a narrow fuscous
+fascia at the apex of the externo-medial cell, and a second rather
+broader at the base of the marginal cell, which does not quite cross the
+wing; the apex of the wing fuscous. Abdomen petiolated, smooth and
+shining, with a beautiful glossy pile, which is most dense at the sides;
+the apical segment longitudinally subcarinated in the middle above.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Agenia jucunda.</span> <i>A.</i> nitida nigra; facie metathorace abdomineque pube
+serice&acirc; vestitis; antennis, pedibus, abdominisque marginibus apicalibus
+ferrugineis; alis hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5&frac12; lines. Black; head, pro- and mesothorax, as well
+as the scutellum, glassy-smooth and shining; the face covered with
+silvery-white pile; the antenn&aelig;, tips of the mandibles, and the legs
+ferruginous; the palpi elongate and pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax: the
+wings hyaline and iridescent, the nervures very slender and pale
+rufo-testaceous, the stigma fuscous; the metathorax rounded behind,
+transversely rugose, and covered with silvery-white pile. Abdomen
+petiolated; the apical margins of the second and following segments
+ferruginous, the apical segment entirely so; the ferruginous band on
+each segment produced in the middle into an angular shape; on the
+abdomen beneath they are similarly produced; the basal segment entirely
+ferruginous, with a black spot on each side.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Agenia Althea.</span> <i>A.</i> nigra; facie pube argentato-alb&acirc; vestit&acirc;, thorace
+abdomineque sericeo pubescentibus; alis hyalinis, venis nigris.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[Pg 155]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5 lines. Black; the face silvery; the anterior margin
+of the clypeus rounded and narrowly smooth and shining; tips of the
+mandibles ferruginous; the mandibles elongate and pale rufo-testaceous.
+Thorax: the metathorax finely transversely rugose, the sides with bright
+silvery-white pubescence; the cox&aelig;, the thorax beneath and on the sides,
+with fine silky sericeous pile; the anterior tibi&aelig; and tarsi, and all
+the femora at their apex beneath, ferruginous; wings hyaline and
+iridescent, nervures black; the outer margin of the tegul&aelig; testaceous.
+Abdomen shining, and with a fine silvery sericeous pile; the apical
+margins of the segments narrowly rufo-piceous; the terminal segment with
+an elongate, smooth, shining space, which extends to the apex, which is
+testaceous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>5. <span class="smcap">Agenia Alcyone.</span> <i>A.</i> nigra, pilis sericeis cinereis vestita; antennis
+pedibusque ferrugineis, alis hyalinis; abdomine petiolato; marginibus
+apicalibus segmentorum flavis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 7 lines. Black; the antenn&aelig;, tips of the mandibles, and
+the legs ferruginous; the scape in front, a narrow line on the inner
+orbit of the eyes, and the anterior portion of the clypeus yellow; the
+antenn&aelig; fuscous above towards their base. Thorax: the femora beneath
+towards their base, the trochanters and cox&aelig;, except their apex, black;
+the apical joints of the intermediate and posterior tarsi fuscous; wings
+hyaline, the nervures fusco-ferruginous, the tegul&aelig; reddish-yellow.
+Abdomen petiolated; the apical margins of the segments with
+reddish-yellow fasci&aelig;; beneath, the margins of the segments are
+rufo-piceous, not fasciated.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>6. <span class="smcap">Agenia Amalthea.</span> <i>A.</i> nigra, pilis tenuibus cinereis sericeis
+vestita; antennis antic&egrave; pedibusque anticis et intermediis antic&egrave;
+ferrugineis; abdomine petiolato; alis hyalinis bifasciatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 6 lines. Black; the face densely covered with silvery
+pile; the antenn&aelig; in front, the anterior margin of the clypeus and the
+tips of the mandibles ferruginous; palpi elongate and pale
+rufo-testaceous. Thorax: the posterior margin of the prothorax narrowly,
+the tegul&aelig;, the anterior and intermediate femora in front, the posterior
+pair towards their apex beneath, the anterior tibi&aelig; and tarsi, the
+intermediate and posterior tibi&aelig; more or less beneath, and their tarsi,
+ferruginous; the tarsi sometimes dusky above; the wings hyaline, a
+narrow fuscous fascia at the apex of the externo-medial cell, and a
+broad one crossing at, and being the width of, the second and third
+submarginal cells; tips of the wings milky-white; the metathorax rounded
+posteriorly, transversely finely rugose and densely covered with short
+silvery-white pubescence at the sides and apex. Abdomen petiolated,
+smooth and shining, with the apex and the margins of the segments
+narrowly rufo-piceous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[Pg 156]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Priocnemis</span>, <i>Schi&ouml;dte</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Priocnemis pulcherrimus.</span> <i>P.</i> l&aelig;t&egrave; ruber; alis flavo-hyalinis, apice
+lat&egrave; fusco, abdominis lateribus nigris.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 7&frac12; lines. Bright red; the anterior margin of the
+clypeus with a minute tooth in the centre; the tips of the mandibles
+fuscous. The metathorax slightly striated transversely, and with a
+central as well as a lateral longitudinal groove; the wings
+flavo-hyaline, their apex with a fuscous cloud, which commences at the
+base of the first discoidal cell, the extreme tips pale; the tibi&aelig; and
+tarsi with short slender spines; the extreme apex of the joints of the
+posterior tarsi black. Abdomen: the short petiole of the basal segment,
+and the sides of the second, third, and fourth segments black, leaving a
+red line down the middle of each; beneath, the second, third, and base
+of the fourth segments black.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Priocnemis fervidus.</span> <i>P.</i> capite, antennis, thorace pedibusque
+ferrugineis; abdomine nigro; alis fuscis basi subhyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 9 lines. Ferruginous, with the abdomen black; the
+anterior margin of the clypeus rounded. The metathorax transversely
+rugose; the pectus, and cox&aelig; at their base within, black; wings brown,
+with a violet iridescence, their base rufo-hyaline; the intermediate and
+posterior tibi&aelig; with a double row of spines, all the tarsi spinose.
+Abdomen shining black, with the extreme apex slightly ferruginous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Macromeris</span>, <i>St.-Farg.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Macromeris iridipennis.</span> <i>M.</i> c&aelig;ruleo-nigra; abdomine iridescente,
+alis c&aelig;ruleo-violaceoque splendid&egrave; micantibus; pedibus mutieis,
+simplicibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 12 lines. Blue-black; abdomen with a changeable
+iridescent pile; head and thorax with a black velvety pubescence; the
+metathorax very finely rugose and opake; the legs simple; the posterior
+tibi&aelig; villose within; the wings very dark brown, with a splendid violet
+and blue iridescence.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Very closely resembling the female, but rather smaller; the
+anterior and intermediate femora more incrassate, and all the femora
+with a simple row of teeth or serrations on their inferior margins.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>Although this species of <i>Macromeris</i> is very similar in colour to the
+<i>M. violacea</i> of St.-Fargeau, the femora are not so thick as in that
+species, not in fact much more so than in the female; and the row of
+teeth beneath is a strong specific character.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[Pg 157]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Salius</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Salius malignus.</span> <i>S.</i> niger, pube cinere&acirc; serice&acirc; vestitus; alis
+fuscis, albo fasciatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 9 lines. Black, and covered with a fine thin ashy pile;
+the scape in front, and the anterior margin of the clypeus narrowly,
+obscure yellow; the mandibles ferruginous at their apex, which has a
+single notch; the palpi pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax: the prothorax with
+a slightly interrupted narrow fascia a little before its posterior
+margin, and the scutellum, yellow; the anterior femora broadly dilated,
+and, as well as the anterior tibi&aelig;, ferruginous within; the intermediate
+tibi&aelig; ferruginous at their apex in front, and the posterior pair with a
+yellowish-white spot at their base outside; the calcaria pale
+testaceous, the claws ferruginous, the anterior tarsi entirely so, but
+more or less obscure; the posterior tibi&aelig; slightly spinose; the anterior
+wings brown, with a white fascia crossing at the first discoidal cell,
+and a second at the apex of the third submarginal, the extreme base and
+the anterior margin of the externo-medial cell hyaline. Abdomen: the
+apical margins of the segments with a little bright silvery pile.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Mygnimia</span>, <i>Smith</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Mygnimia aspasia.</span> <i>M.</i> c&aelig;ruleo-nigra; capite thoraceque pube
+holoserice&acirc; vestitis; alis fulvo-hyalinis; abdomine pilis iridescentibus
+vestito.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 14 lines. Black, with shades of blue in certain lights;
+the abdomen with bright tints of blue and violet, caused by fine
+iridescent changeable pile; the legs have a similar pile, very bright on
+the femora within; the head and thorax with a short black velvety
+pubescence; the wings flavo-hyaline; the nervures pale ferruginous; the
+extreme base of the wings blackish, their apical margins with a narrow
+fuscous border. The legs spinose; the posterior tibi&aelig; with a double row
+of strong serrations.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Sphex</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Sphex argentata</span>, <i>Dahlb. Hym. Eur.</i> i. 25. 1.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru; Celebes; Sumatra; India; Greece; Africa; East Florida.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Sphex sericea</span>, <i>Fabr. Syst. Piez.</i> 211. 19.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru; Malacca; Borneo; Java; Philippine Islands.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Sphex aurifrons.</span> <i>S.</i> niger; facie pube aure&acirc; vestit&acirc;, alis
+flavo-hyalinis apice fuscis, abdomine pilis sericeo-aureis vestito.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Black; the face densely clothed with golden pubescence, the
+head having a number of scattered long golden-yellow hairs. Thorax<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[Pg 158]</a></span>
+thinly covered with long yellow pubescence, which is most dense at the
+sides of the metathorax; the tibi&aelig;, tarsi, and posterior femora
+ferruginous; the claw-joint of the tarsi black; the tibi&aelig; and tarsi with
+black spines; the wings fulvo-hyaline, their apex with a narrow fuscous
+border, the nervures ferruginous. Abdomen covered with a fine, thin,
+golden-reflecting pile; the apical margins of the segments
+rufo-testaceous, the testaceous margin produced in the middle into a
+triangular shape, most conspicuously so on the segments beneath.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Sphex nitidiventris.</span> <i>S.</i> niger; abdomine nigro-c&aelig;ruleo, l&aelig;vigato,
+nitido; alis fuscis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 12 lines. Black; the face with silvery pubescence, and
+thinly covered with long black hairs; the clypeus with a central
+longitudinal carina at the base, which terminates at the middle, from
+whence to the anterior margin is a broad, smooth, shining space. Thorax
+shining and finely punctured; the metathorax opake and covered with
+long, loose, black pubescence; the legs shining, the posterior tibi&aelig;
+with shining grey pile within; wings brown, darkest at their base.
+Abdomen blue, and very smooth and shining, oblong-ovate; the apical
+segment vertical.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>5. <span class="smcap">Sphex sepicola.</span> <i>S.</i> niger; facie pube aure&acirc; vestit&acirc;; alis
+subhyalinis apice fuscis; abdomine nitido.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 9 lines. Black; the face densely clothed with golden
+pubescence, the cheeks with iridescent pile, with a long, loose,
+scattered pale yellow pubescence on the head and thorax; the mandibles
+smooth, shining black. The disk of the thorax with an obscure chalybeous
+tint, shining and finely punctured; the metathorax opake and finely
+rugose; the wings subhyaline, their apical margins fuscous, the nervures
+fusco-ferruginous. Abdomen with a slender subelongate petiole, and with
+a thin, silky, grey pile; the apical margins of the segments narrowly
+and obscurely rufo-piceous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Rather smaller than the female, more slender and more pubescent,
+the pubescence on the face paler.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>6. <span class="smcap">Sphex gratiosa.</span> <i>S.</i> capite thoraceque nigris, abdomine c&aelig;ruleo, alis
+fusco-hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 10 lines. Head and thorax black; the face densely clothed
+with pale golden pubescence; the labrum and mandibles highly polished,
+very smooth and shining; a thin pale pubescence is scattered over the
+head, pro- and mesothorax, the latter obscurely chalybeous above,
+shining, and finely and closely punctured, with an abbreviated, deeply
+impressed line in the middle anteriorly; the posterior margin of the
+prothorax covered with shining silvery pubescence; the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</a></span> metathorax
+opake, and clothed with black pubescence; wings fusco-hyaline, the
+anterior pair darkest towards their base, the nervures dark
+fusco-ferruginous, nearly black. Abdomen smooth, shining dark blue;
+beneath, the margins of the segments have a bright, glittering,
+pale-golden pile.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. PELOP&OElig;US, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Pelop&oelig;us laboriosus.</span> <i>P.</i> niger; scapo antic&egrave;, pedibus petioloque
+rufescenti-flavis, alis hyalinis fulvo tinctis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 12 lines. Black, with black pubescence on the head and
+thorax; the face with a fine cinereous pile; the scape yellow in front;
+the mandibles smooth and shining. Thorax: the legs pale ferruginous, the
+posterior femora darkest; the cox&aelig;, the anterior and intermediate
+trochanters, and base of the femora black; wings fulvo-hyaline, the
+nervures ferruginous; the metathorax obliquely striated. Abdomen
+slightly shining at the base, with the petiole reddish-yellow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Larrada</span>, <i>Smith</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Larrada modesta.</span> <i>L.</i> nigra; abdomine pilis argentatis fasciato; alis
+hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 6&frac12; lines. Black; the face covered with silvery down;
+the mandibles smooth, shining, black, and fringed beneath with fulvous
+hairs, the cheeks silvery. Thorax slightly shining, closely and
+delicately punctured; the metathorax opake and transversely striated;
+wings subhyaline, with a fuscous border at their apex, the nervures
+black. Abdomen slightly shining; the apical margins of the first,
+second, and third segments with fascia of silvery pile, which is very
+brilliant in certain lights.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male</i> closely resembles the female, but has an additional fascia on the
+abdomen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Larra</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Larra simillima.</span> <i>L.</i> nigra, pulchre prismatica, maculis fasciisque
+variis flavis ornata.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 6&frac12; lines. Black; the abdomen with tints of blue
+violet; the thorax slightly prismatic; the labrum, clypeus, an angular
+scape above, an abbreviated line on the inner orbits of the eyes, the
+scape in front, and the antenn&aelig; beneath, yellow; the cheeks with a
+silvery reflexion. The thorax beneath, and the metathorax, with a
+shining white silvery pile; the anterior and intermediate femora and
+tibi&aelig; beneath yellow; the tarsi pale ferruginous, and more or less
+fuscous above; wings subhyaline, the nervures fuscous; a spot on the
+lateral posterior angles of the metathorax, two ovate spots on the
+scutellum, and a line on the postscutellum yellow. Abdomen: the basal
+segment with a broadly interrupted fascia a little before its<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[Pg 160]</a></span> apical
+margin; the second and fourth segments with a narrow yellow fascia at
+their apical margins, which is widened laterally; beneath, the second
+and third segments with a yellow spot on each side.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Male</i> differs from the female in having a large quadrate black spot
+on the clypeus, and a spot at the base of the labrum; there is also a
+narrow yellow line on the posterior margin of the prothorax; and the
+third segment of the abdomen has a yellow fascia: it is also rather
+smaller.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>This insect very closely resembles <i>Larra prismatica</i>, from Borneo,
+Malacca, and Celebes, of which it may be a variety.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Bembex</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Bembex melancholieca, <i>Smith, Cat. Hym.</i> pt. iv. p. 328; <i>Proc. Linn.
+Soc.</i> ii. p. 105.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru; Sumatra; Borneo.</p>
+
+<p>Many of the specimens from Aru are less highly coloured than those of
+Sumatra or Borneo: the yellow markings on the abdomen are frequently
+much obliterated in the females; others are as highly coloured as any
+examples I have seen.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Pison</span>, <i>Spin.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Pison nitidus.</span> <i>P.</i> nitidus, niger, distinct&egrave; punctatus; alis
+subhyalinis, venis fuscis; segmentis abdominalibus apice depressis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5 lines. Black and shining; the head and thorax
+strongly punctured; the face beneath, the antenn&aelig;, the clypeus, cheeks,
+and the sides of the segments of the abdomen covered with a silvery
+down; the palpi pale testaceous; the mandibles obscurely ferruginous at
+their apex. The metathorax transversely striated behind, with a central
+longitudinal impressed line above, which is transversely striated, and
+terminates in a deep fovea just beyond the verge of the posterior
+inclined truncation; the wings subhyaline; the nervures dark fuscous;
+the first recurrent nervure received at the apex of the first
+submarginal cell, and the second at the base of the third submarginal.
+Abdomen shining, and more delicately punctured than the thorax; the
+margins of the segments deeply depressed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru, Key Island.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Gorytes</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Gorytes constrictus.</span> <i>G.</i> niger; clypei lateribus flavis; collari,
+tuberculis postscutelloque flavis; segmentorum abdominis marginibus
+apicalibus flavis constrictis, pedibusque flavo variegatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 6 lines. Black; the head and thorax very closely
+punctured and opake, the head slightly shining on the vertex; the
+antenn&aelig; beneath and the apical half of the mandibles ferruginous, the
+latter black at their tips; the clypeus yellow at the sides, and
+coarsely rugose in front. Thorax: the metathorax coarsely
+longitudinally<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[Pg 161]</a></span> rugose, with cinereous pubescence at the sides; the
+antenn&aelig; and intermediate tibi&aelig;, the tarsi, and articulations of the legs
+reddish-yellow; wings subhyaline, with a fuscous cloud in the marginal
+cell, which passes beyond to the apex of the wings; the nervures
+fusco-ferruginous; the tegul&aelig; ferruginous. Abdomen shining, covered with
+a thin, fine, cinereous pile, and with the margins of the segments
+constricted; the apical margins of the segments with narrow yellow
+fasci&aelig;, that on the fourth abbreviated on each side, on the fifth it is
+obsolete; beneath, the second segment is opake, finely punctured, and
+pilose; the following segments smooth, shining, and with five scattered
+punctures.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Male</i> strongly resembles the female, but is smaller and less
+variegated with yellow; the face covered with silvery down; the scape
+and base of the flagellum ferruginous beneath; the clypeus yellow,
+except its extreme base. The thorax black, with the legs rufo-piceous;
+the tibi&aelig; and tarsi pale ferruginous, variegated with yellow; the sides
+of the thorax beneath the wings longitudinally striated in both sexes,
+most conspicuously so in the male. The abdomen with three narrow
+interrupted fasci&aelig;.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Gorytes vagus.</span> <i>G.</i> niger; clypeo maculis duabus flavis notato;
+postscutello et segmentis primo et secundo fasci&acirc; apicali flavis, fasci&acirc;
+in segmento primo subinterrupto.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 6 lines. Black; the head finely punctured and shining;
+the anterior margin of the clypeus emarginate in the middle, and more
+deeply so on each side; on each side of the clypeus, at its base, is an
+oblique yellow spot, and anteriorly it is roughly punctured; the
+mandibles roughened at their base, their apical half smooth, shining,
+and ferruginous, with their apex black. Thorax subopake, very closely
+punctured, and slightly shining; the metathorax coarsely longitudinally
+rugose-striate; the postscutellum yellow; wings subhyaline and
+iridescent, the nervures fusco-ferruginous; a dark fuscous cloud
+occupies the marginal cell. Abdomen smooth and shining, with a slightly
+interrupted fascia a little before the apical margin of the basal
+segment; the second segment has a fascia at its apical margin; both are
+yellowish white; the first is gradually widened towards the sides of the
+segment, the second abruptly widened, with the angle of the widened
+portion pointed inwards; beneath the abdomen is glossy, with the basal
+segment closely punctured and subopake; the margins of abdominal
+segments slightly constricted.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Key Island.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Trypoxylon</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Trypoxylon eximium.</span> <i>T.</i> nigrum; clypeo argentato-pubescente;
+abdominis segmentis secundo tertio quartoque basi rubris; alis
+hyalinis.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[Pg 162]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 8&frac12; lines. Black, smooth, and shining; the head and
+thorax very delicately punctured; the face and clypeus below the
+insertion of the antenn&aelig; densely covered with silvery-white pubescence;
+the anterior margin of the clypeus rounded and much produced, with a
+slight curving upwards at its margin; the mandibles yellow, with their
+apex ferruginous; the palpi pale testaceous; the inner orbits of the
+eyes very deeply notched. Thorax: the metathorax, the sides, and beneath
+with a thin silvery-white pubescence, most dense on the former; the
+metathorax not distinctly enclosed at its base, but with two shallow
+impressed lines, which mark the form of the usual enclosed space; a
+central longitudinal channel extends from its base to the apex, slightly
+subinterrupted in the middle; the wings hyaline and iridescent, the
+nervures dark fuscous; the anterior and intermediate tibi&aelig; in front,
+their tarsi, the apical joints of the posterior pair, and the base of
+the tibi&aelig; very pale ferruginous; the claw-joint of the intermediate and
+posterior tarsi fuscous above; the calcaria pale testaceous. Abdomen,
+the second, third, and base of the fourth segment more or less
+ferruginous; the apex of the basal petiolated joint ferruginous beneath.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru and Key Island.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Crabro</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Crabro solitarius.</span> <i>C.</i> niger; abdomine petiolato; scapo flagellique
+articulo ultimo, collari, tuberculis, postscutelli maculis duabus
+flavis; pedibus petioloque basi ferrugineis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5 lines. Black and opake; the head large, quadrate, and
+wider than the thorax; the ocelli in a curve on the vertex; the clypeus
+covered with silvery pubescence, carinated in the middle, and slightly
+produced; the scape and basal joint of the flagellum pale yellow.
+Thorax: an interrupted line on the collar, the tubercles, a spot beneath
+the wings, and two minute ones on the postscutellum yellow; the disk of
+the thorax longitudinally delicately rugose; the metathorax oliquely
+striated, with an enclosed space at its base, and having a central
+longitudinal channel, the side covered with thin silvery pubescence; the
+wings hyaline and iridescent, the nervures fuscous; the legs
+ferruginous, variegated with yellow. Abdomen: the basal petiolated
+segment ferruginous, with its apical half black above; the apical
+segment with an angular shape at its base, which is smooth and shining,
+with its lateral margins carinate, the extreme apex ferruginous; beneath
+smooth and shining, with the apical margins rufo-piceous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>This species would, according to the views of some Hymenopterists,
+belong to the genus <i>Rhopalum</i> of Kirby.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Group SOLITARY WASPS.</p>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. EUMENID&AElig;, <i>Westw.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Eumenes</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Eumenes arcuata, <i>Fabr. Syst. Piez.</i> 287. 11.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Key Island; coast of New Guinea (Triton Bay); Australia.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Pachymenes</span>, <i>Sauss.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Pachymenes viridis.</span> <i>P.</i> l&aelig;t&egrave; viridis; facie pube argentato-alb&acirc;
+tect&acirc;; alis hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 8 lines. Bright green; the head, thorax, and basal
+segment of the abdomen rugose, the rest of the abdomen finely and very
+closely punctured; the clypeus thinly covered with a fine silvery-white
+pubescence, its apex produced and truncate. Thorax: the metathorax
+rounded behind, a deep longitudinal impressed line in the middle, and
+with fine silvery down at the sides and behind; the wings subhyaline,
+with a fuscous stain along the anterior margin of the superior pair; the
+legs rufo-piceous; the cox&aelig;, femora, and tibi&aelig; more or less tinged with
+green.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Rhynchium</span>, <i>Spin.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Rhynchium mirabile, <i>Sauss. Mon. Gu&ecirc;pes Sol.</i> 106. 6, t. 14. f. 5
+<ins class="correction" title="Symbol: fmale">&#9792;</ins>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru; Tasmania.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Male</i> of this fine species closely resembles the female; it is
+black, with a transverse spot above the insertion of the antenn&aelig;, an
+abbreviated narrow line behind the eyes, another on the lower margin of
+their emargination; the scape in front and the clypeus yellow, the
+latter notched at its apex; a minute yellow spot at the base of the
+mandibles; the antenn&aelig;, tibi&aelig;, apex of the femora, and the tarsi
+ferruginous; the basal joint of the intermediate and posterior tarsi
+dusky; the intermediate femora deeply excavated or hollowed beneath; the
+prothorax yellow above; the metathorax truncate, transversely striated
+with several minute teeth on the lateral margins; the wings hyaline,
+tinted with yellow, their apical margins slightly clouded; the apical
+margins of all the segments of the abdomen bordered with yellow, that on
+the first segment narrowest. The only particulars in which the female
+apparently differs from Saussure's description, is that the second
+fascia on the abdomen is <i>widest at the sides</i>, and there are <i>three
+little teeth</i> on each side of the margins of the metathorax.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Female</i> is also in the Paris Museum.</p>
+
+<p>2. Rhynchium superbum, <i>Sauss. Mon. Gu&ecirc;pes Sol.</i> p. 113. 18.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru: New Holland.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[Pg 164]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Our example of this species slightly differs in coloration from the
+description of Saussure. He says, "black, with the vertex, the front,
+the prothorax, and the border of all the segments of the abdomen, except
+the first, yellow; the wings yellow;" in the Aru specimen, the sinus of
+the eyes, a spot above the clypeus, a reversed crescent-shaped spot
+crossing the ocelli, two oblique spots behind them, and a broad elongate
+stripe behind the eyes yellow. These slight differences cannot
+characterize more than a variety; in every other particular they exactly
+correspond.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Odynerus</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Odynerus petiolatus.</span> <i>O.</i> niger; clypeo apiculato; capite, thorace
+abdomineque flavo variis; abdomine petiolato; alis subhyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 7&frac12; lines. Black; head and thorax strongly punctured;
+two confluent spots between the antenn&aelig;, a line on the inner orbits of
+the eyes, terminating in their emargination, an oblong spot behind them,
+a spot at the base of the mandibles, the scape in front, and the clypeus
+yellow; the latter with a large black spot in the middle, and with its
+anterior margin prolonged into an acute point; the mandibles
+ferruginous, with their base and margins black; the flagellum fulvous
+beneath. Thorax: an interrupted line on the collar, a spot beneath the
+wings, the outer margin of the tegul&aelig;, two spots on the scutellum, two
+longitudinal curved lines on the metathorax, extending from the base to
+the apex, yellow; the yellow lines on the metathorax curving inwards.
+The tibi&aelig;, tarsi, and apex of the femora ferruginous; the intermediate
+and posterior tibi&aelig; with a fuscous line outside, a spot on the cox&aelig;
+outside, a stripe at the apex of the anterior femora beneath, another on
+the intermediate pair, and a line on the anterior tibi&aelig;, behind, yellow;
+wings subhyaline, their margins fuscous. Abdomen petiolated; a fascia on
+the apical margins of all the segments, and the petiole, yellow; the
+third and following fasci&aelig; narrowest; all the fasci&aelig; continued beneath
+the abdomen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Odynerus agilis.</span> <i>O.</i> niger; capite thoraceque distinct&egrave;, abdomine
+delicatul&egrave; punctatis; pedibus ferrugineis; abdominis segmentis duobus
+basalibus flavo fasciatis; alis subhyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 6 lines. Black; the scape in front, a line on the inner
+margin of the eyes, terminating in their emargination, an abbreviated
+line behind them, and the clypeus yellow; the latter deeply emarginate,
+forming two teeth. Thorax: a line in the middle of the anterior margin
+of the prothorax, two spots on the verge of the emargination of the
+metathorax, and a fascia on the apical margins of the first and second
+segments of the abdomen yellow; the legs ferruginous; the wings
+subhyaline, the anterior margin of the superior pair fuscous; the outer
+margin of the tegul&aelig; yellowish.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[Pg 165]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Odynerus multipictus.</span> <i>O.</i> niger, flavo maculatus et punctatus;
+pedibus flavis, alis hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 4 lines. Black; the head and thorax strongly punctured,
+the abdomen finely and distantly so; the clypeus, a spot above it, the
+inner and outer orbits of the eyes, and the scape in front yellow; the
+clypeus deeply emarginate in front; the mandibles ferruginous, with a
+yellow spot at their base. Thorax: the prothorax in front, the tegul&aelig;
+and two spots beneath the wings, the scutellum, and sides of the
+metathorax yellow; the legs yellow, with ferruginous stains; the femora
+with a black or dark stain above; wings hyaline, with a fuscous stain
+along the anterior border of the superior pair. Abdomen: a yellow fascia
+on the apical margins of the two basal segments; the three following
+segments with very narrow yellow borders, and the apical segment
+entirely reddish-yellow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Odynerus modestus.</span> <i>O.</i> niger; abdominis segmentis duobus basalibus
+flavo fasciatis; tibiis tarsisque femigineis; alis hyalinis; abdominis
+segmento primo basi transversim bicarinato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 4 lines. Black; head and thorax coarsely punctured; the
+vertex swollen; the scape of the antenn&aelig;, a spot between them, and the
+clypeus yellow; the latter with a transverse black spot in the middle,
+deeply notched in front, and having a carina on each side, in a line
+with the angle or tooth of the emargination; the flagellum ferruginous
+towards the apex beneath; wings hyaline, with a fuscous cloud in the
+marginal cell; the tibi&aelig; and tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen: the base
+truncate, with an oblique space above the truncation, the margin of both
+defined by an elevated ridge or carina; a narrow fascia on the apical
+margin of the basal segment, and a broader one on the second; the latter
+continued beneath the abdomen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>This species is undoubtedly allied to <i>O. Sichellii</i> of Saussure; but,
+beside differing in the colour of its legs, and of the bands of the
+abdomen, it wants the strong tubercle at the base of the second segment
+of the latter.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Alastor</span>, <i>St.-Farg.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Alastor unifasciatus.</span> <i>A.</i> niger; macul&acirc; inter antennas, abdominisque
+margine apicali et segmento secundo flavis; alis fuscis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 6&frac12; lines. Black; the head and thorax strongly
+punctured; the face, sides of the clypeus, cheeks, and base of the
+mandibles with a fine silky silvery-white pubescence; the clypeus
+convex, its anterior margin emarginate; from each angle of the
+emargination a shining carina runs more than halfway up the clypeus; a
+minute spot between the antenn&aelig;, and two on the anterior margin of the
+prothorax, yellow; the wings fuscous, palest at their posterior
+margins.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[Pg 166]</a></span> Abdomen finely and closely punctured; the third segment
+strongly so; a broad yellow fascia on the apical margin of the second
+segment.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Alastor apicatus.</span> <i>A.</i> niger; abdominis segmentis primo et secundo
+aurantiaco-rubris; alis fuscis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 5&frac12; lines. Black; the head and thorax strongly
+punctured; a spot between the antenn&aelig;, the scape in front, and the
+clypeus yellow; the latter with a large black spot at its base,
+anteriorly deeply emarginate; wings fuscous; the tegul&aelig; with a
+rufo-testaceous spot at their outer margins; the tarsi and articulations
+of the legs ferruginous. Abdomen bright orange-red, with the third and
+following segments black; the base rugose, the second segment finely
+punctured, the rest much more strongly so.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Group SOCIAL WASPS.</p>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. VESPID&AElig;, <i>Steph.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Ischnogaster iridipennis.</span> <i>I.</i> rufescenti-fuscus flavo varius;
+vertice et metathorace nigris, alis subhyalinis et pulcherrim&egrave;
+iridescentibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 7&frac14; lines. Head yellow, above the insertion of the
+antenn&aelig; black; antenn&aelig; black, with the scape, basal joint of the
+antenn&aelig;, and the mandibles ferruginous; the flagellum obscurely
+ferruginous beneath; the clypeus produced at the apex into an acute
+tooth. Thorax pale ferruginous; the metathorax black, with a ferruginous
+spot on each side in front; the scutellum with a reddish-brown spot in
+the middle, the postscutellum yellow and subinterrupted in the middle;
+the sides of the thorax yellow anteriorly, the yellow portion with two
+black spots; the legs slightly variegated with yellow; wings subhyaline
+and brilliantly iridescent, the marginal cell with a fuscous cloud.
+Abdomen brown; the petiole pale testaceous at its apex and ferruginous
+beneath, longer than the head and thorax; the second segment has a
+yellow macula on each side, and, beneath, a smaller spot on each side in
+a line with the side spots; the first segment has its basal portion
+yellow beneath, and a blackish spot in the centre rather behind the
+middle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>This species in many particulars agrees with the <i>I. nitidipennis</i> of
+Saussure, but differs in too many, I think, to be considered the same
+species; the second recurrent nervure is straight at the upper
+extremity, then curved towards the margin of the wing, and again
+straight at its lower extremity; the third submarginal cell is much
+wider than the fourth.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[Pg 167]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Icaria</span>, <i>Sauss.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Icaria maculiventris, <i>Sauss. Mon. Gu&ecirc;pes Soc.</i> p. 23. 1.&mdash;Rhopalidia
+maculiventris, <i>Gu&eacute;r. Voy. Coq. Zool.</i> ii. pt. 2. <i>Ins</i>. p. 267, pl. 9.
+fig. 8.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru; New Guinea.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Icaria nigra.</span> <i>I.</i> nigra; clypeo antic&egrave; angulato; metathorace concavo
+et transversim striato; alis hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 6 lines. Black, punctured and opake; the clypeus
+terminating in a sharp-pointed angle; the base and apex of the mandibles
+rufo-piceous; the scape ferruginous in front; the face with a thin,
+fine, griseous pubescence. Thorax slightly margined in front; an obscure
+testaceous spot on each side of the postscutellum, the metathorax
+concave and transversely striated; wings hyaline. Abdomen with a short
+petiole to the basal segment, which is very short and campanulate; at
+its posterior margin are two minute, obscure, pale spots; beneath, the
+margins of the apical segments are rufo-piceous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Icaria fasciata.</span> <i>I.</i> nigra; clypei margine antico, maculis duabus
+postscutelli flavis; segmentis abdominis ad apicem flavo angust&egrave;
+fasciatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5 lines. Black; the clypeus angular in front, its
+anterior margin and a spot on the mandibles yellow; the antenn&aelig;
+rufo-testaceous beneath. Thorax: the anterior margin of the prothorax
+slightly rebordered; the anterior cox&aelig; with a spot in front and two
+spots on the postscutellum yellow; the anterior and intermediate tibi&aelig;
+beneath, the tarsi beneath and the claw-joint entirely, ferruginous;
+wings hyaline with a fuscous stain along the anterior margin of the
+superior pair; the metathorax oblique and slightly concave, with an
+acute stout tooth on each side. Abdomen: the basal segment campanulate,
+the petiole short; a narrow yellow fascia on the apical margin of all
+the segments.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Icaria brunnea.</span> <i>I.</i> rufescenti-fusca; coxis femoribusque obscuris;
+alis hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 3&frac12; lines. Reddish-brown; head and thorax punctured,
+the abdomen finely rugose; the clypeus and mandibles pale ferruginous,
+the former with a darker spot in the middle, the anterior margin
+angular. The anterior margin of the prothorax slightly rebordered; the
+wings hyaline and iridescent, with a fuscous stain along the anterior
+margin of the superior pair; the metathorax abruptly truncate. Abdomen:
+the basal margin of the third and following segments black.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>5. <span class="smcap">Icaria gracilis.</span> <i>I.</i> nigra flavo variegata; abdominis segmento
+basali elongato, gracili et petiolato; alis hyalinis.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 7 lines. Black; the scape in front, the sides and
+apical margin of the clypeus, and a spot at the base of the mandibles
+yellow; the cheeks reddish-yellow; the antenn&aelig; ferruginous; the head
+covered with short griseous pubescence. Thorax with obscure ferruginous
+tints and a short griseous pubescence, most dense on the sides and
+beneath; the anterior margin of the prothorax, the tegul&aelig;, scutellum and
+postscutellum, a broad stripe on each side of the metathorax, the cox&aelig;,
+and the anterior and intermediate femora, at their apex beneath, yellow;
+the scutellum with a ferruginous stain in the middle, the postscutellum
+with a black stain, the cox&aelig; ferruginous above, the tibi&aelig; and tarsi
+ferruginous beneath; wings hyaline, with a fuscous stain along the
+anterior margin of the superior pair. Abdomen: a yellow fascia on the
+apical margin of the first and second segments; that on the following
+segments rufo-testaceous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>6. <span class="smcap">Icaria unicolor.</span> <i>I.</i> rufescenti-fusca, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5 lines. Reddish-brown, covered with a thin cinereous
+pubescence; the clypeus acutely angular anteriorly; the metathorax
+oblique and delicately striated transversely; wings fusco-hyaline; the
+petiole of the abdomen long, the segment campanulated and narrow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Key Island.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Polistes</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Polistes tepidus, <i>Fabr. Syst. Piez.</i> p. 271. 7.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru; Key Island; Solomon Islands; New Guinea; Australia.</p>
+
+<p>2. Polistes diabolicus, <i>Sauss. Mon. Gu&ecirc;pes Soc.</i> 68. 26, t. 6. f. 7.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru; Java; Timor.</p>
+
+<p>3. Polistes stigma, <i>Fabr. Syst. Piez.</i> p. 261. 41.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru; Celebes; Ceram; India.</p>
+
+<p><i>Var.</i> The specimens from Aru differ from the typical ones in wanting
+the two longitudinal yellow lines on the metathorax, which is entirely
+black. Saussure has a variety with the metathorax black between the
+lines; of two examples from Celebes, one has the yellow lines entire,
+the other has them abbreviated at half their length.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Polistes nigrifrons.</span> <i>P</i>. capite thoraceque nigris, flavo et
+ferrugineo variegatis; abdomine ferrugineo, segmentis basi nigris,
+marginibus apicalibus flavis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 8 lines. Head and thorax black; the anterior margin of
+the clypeus angular and narrowly rufo-testaceous; the mandibles, palpi,
+and antenn&aelig; ferruginous; the scape, and flagellum above, except the
+basal joint, fuscous; the outer orbits of the eyes with a narrow yellow
+line. The anterior margin of the prothorax slightly rebordered, the
+posterior margin ferruginous; the outer margin of the tegul&aelig;
+reddish-yellow; wings subhyaline with a fusco-ferruginous stain along
+the anterior margins of the superior pair; the metathorax<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[Pg 169]</a></span> finely
+striated transversely, and with two yellow stripes running upwards
+halfway from the base, the posterior margin of the pectus, tips of the
+cox&aelig;, the femora at their base and apex, the tibi&aelig; and tarsi beneath,
+ferruginous; tips of the femora, and tibi&aelig; above, yellowish. Abdomen
+ferruginous, with the base of the second and following segments black;
+the first and three following segments with a yellow fascia on their
+apical margins; beneath, the two basal segments entirely ferruginous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>This species is closely allied to the <i>P. fastidiosus</i> of Saussure, and,
+notwithstanding the difference in colouring, may possibly, I think, be
+an extreme variety of that species.</p>
+
+<p>5. <span class="smcap">Polistes elegans.</span> <i>P.</i> ferrugineus; capite thoraceque flavo variis;
+segmentis abdominis flavo marginatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 8 lines. Ferruginous; the clypeus, mandibles, cheeks,
+and the face, as high as the middle of the emargination of the eyes,
+yellow. Thorax: the margins of the prothorax, two longitudinal stripes
+on the mesothorax, the scutellum, postscutellum, and sides of the
+metathorax broadly, yellow; the legs beneath, the cox&aelig; and the sides of
+the thorax spotted with yellow; the intermediate and posterior cox&aelig;
+spotted with ferruginous or fusco-ferruginous; the metathorax finely
+striated transversely; the wings hyaline with the nervures ferruginous.
+Abdomen: the first and three following segments with yellow marginal
+fasci&aelig;, that on the fourth usually more or less obliterated.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru; Key Island.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. EVANID&AElig;, <i>Leach</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">F&oelig;nus</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">F&oelig;nus gracilis.</span> <i>F.</i> niger, facie lateribusque thoracis argenteo
+pilosis; pedibus anticis et intermediis pallid&egrave; rufo-testaceis, tibiis
+posticis basi tarsisque albis; abdomine subt&ugrave;s rufo-testaceo.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 6 lines. Black; subopake; the face, sides of the thorax
+and beneath with silvery pubescence; the mandibles, palpi, and scape in
+front rufo-testaceous. Thorax: the anterior and intermediate legs
+rufo-testaceous, the femora having a darker stain above; the posterior
+legs black, with the base of the tibi&aelig; and the tarsi white. Abdomen
+rufo-testaceous beneath; the ovipositor white at its apex.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Stenophasmus</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>Head globose; antenn&aelig; longer than the body, and very slender and
+setaceous; the prothorax forming a slender neck; the anterior wings with
+one marginal and three submarginal cells; the femora slightly<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[Pg 170]</a></span>
+incrassate, not denticulate; the tarsi 5-jointed. Abdomen petiolated,
+the petiole as long as the abdomen; the ovipositor as long as the
+petiole and abdomen united.</p>
+
+<p>This genus is founded on the examination of a single individual, which
+in general appearance exactly resembles the smaller species of the genus
+<i>Megischus</i>; on examination, however, it will be found that it differs
+from that genus in the neuration of the anterior wings; its femora are
+not denticulate, in which character it differs from both <i>Megischus</i> and
+<i>Stephanus</i>; with the latter genus it agrees in having 5-jointed tarsi.</p>
+
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Stenophasmus ruficeps.</span> <i>S.</i> niger; capite et antennarum basi rufis;
+ovipositore tarsisque pallid&egrave; testaceis; petiolo abdominis cylindrico;
+alis subhyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5 lines. Black, slightly shining; head globose, red and
+sprinkled with white hairs, and delicately striated transversely. Thorax
+sprinkled with white pubescence above, the sides more thickly clothed
+with the same; above, the thorax is transversely rugose, on the
+metathorax becoming more regularly striate; the metathorax has a central
+longitudinal carina and also one on each side; the legs sprinkled with
+erect white hairs; the tarsi pale rufo-testaceous with the claw-joint
+black; wings subhyaline, with a broad light-fuscous stain along the
+centre of the anterior pair; a hyaline streak crosses them at the base
+of the stigma. Abdomen: the petiole as long as the thorax, narrowest at
+the base of the abdomen; it is rugose at the base; the ovipositor pale
+testaceous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. ICHNEUMONID&AElig;, <i>Leach</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Ichneumon</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Ichneumon insularis.</span> <i>I.</i> niger; capite thoraceque albo variegatis;
+abdominis segmentorum primo, secundo tertioque albo maculatis.</p>
+
+<p>Length 7&frac12; lines. Black; the orbits of the eyes, the face before the
+antenn&aelig;, the mandibles and palpi yellowish-white; the flagellum with the
+joints from the 14th to 25th white. Thorax: a line on each side before
+the tegul&aelig;, a spot beneath the wings, two at the sides of the pectus,
+the anterior cox&aelig; in front, and a narrow line on each side of the
+scutellum yellowish-white; the anterior and intermediate legs and a spot
+beneath the posterior tibi&aelig; rufo-testaceous; the wings hyaline, the
+nervures black. Abdomen: a minute spot at the lateral apical margins of
+the three basal segments, and a large central one on the two apical
+segments, white.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Key Island.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Cryptus</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Cryptus scutellatus.</span> <i>C.</i> ferrugineus; tibiis posticis tarsisque albo
+annulatis; scutello tuberculato.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[Pg 171]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5 lines. Ferruginous; the face testaceous-yellow, an
+elongate black spot on the vertex enclosing the ocelli and extending to
+the insertion of the antenn&aelig;; the latter black, with the scape
+ferruginous in front. Thorax: the scutellum elevated, forming a
+compressed tubercle, its side view wedge-shaped; the wings hyaline the
+nervures black, the base of the wings yellowish; the apical joints of
+the intermediate tarsi, the tips of the posterior femora, the extreme
+base of the tibi&aelig;, their apical half, and the tarsi black; the
+intermediate portion of the tibi&aelig; yellow; the apical segment of the
+abdomen black.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Mesostenus</span>, <i>Grav.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Mesostenus pictus.</span> <i>M.</i> niger; capite thoraceque flavo striatis et
+punctatis; pedibus flavis nigro et ferrugineo lavatis; segmentis
+abdominalibus flavo marginatis; alis hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 8 lines. Black; a large ovate spot on the cheeks
+touching the mandibles, the labrum, palpi, inner orbits of the eyes, and
+from the 7th to the 10th joints of the antenn&aelig; yellowish-white. Thorax:
+an ovate spot in the middle of the disk of the mesothorax, the tegul&aelig;, a
+spot beneath them, two larger spots beneath the wings, the scutellum, a
+spot on the postscutellum uniting with another at the base of the
+metathorax, a trilobed spot at its apex, and a subovate one on each side
+yellowish-white; the cox&aelig; white with black stains on the intermediate
+and posterior pairs; the femora white beneath, the anterior and
+intermediate pairs with a black line above, the posterior pair
+ferruginous above; the tibi&aelig; and tarsi whitish beneath, stained more or
+less fusco-ferruginous above; wings hyaline. Abdomen: all the segments
+with yellowish-white fasci&aelig; on their apical margins, the fasci&aelig;
+continued beneath; the ovipositor about the length of the abdomen, the
+valves broadest at their apex.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Mesostenus agilis.</span> <i>M.</i> niger; antennis medio albis; thorace
+pedibusque albo variegatis; abdominis marginibus fasciis albis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5 lines. Black; the joints of the antenn&aelig;, from the 6th
+to 13th, white, the vertex also white. Thorax: a spot in the middle of
+the disk of the mesothorax, the scutellum, a spot on the postscutellum,
+two beneath the wings, the apex of the metathorax, and a spot on each
+side white; the legs white, the anterior pair slightly fuscous above;
+the intermediate femora and tibi&aelig; beneath, and the tarsi above, black;
+the posterior femora above and beneath the tibi&aelig;, except their extreme
+base and the base and apex of the tarsi, black; wings hyaline, the
+nervures black. Abdomen: the apical margins of the segments, excepting
+the fourth and fifth, with white fasci&aelig;, the second and third fasci&aelig;
+attenuated in the middle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[Pg 172]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Mesostenus albopictus.</span> <i>M.</i> niger, albo varius; alis hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 7 lines. Black; the clypeus, mandibles, palpi, the
+joints of the antenn&aelig; from the sixth to the thirteenth, and a broad
+stripe at the inner orbits of the eyes white. Thorax: an ovate spot on
+each side of the prothorax above, a similar spot in the middle of the
+mesothorax, the tegul&aelig;, scutellum and postscutellum, a T-shaped spot
+reversed on the metathorax, a large quadrate one on its sides, three
+irregular-shaped macul&aelig; beneath the wings, and the anterior and
+intermediate legs white, the legs with a black line above; the posterior
+legs have a large spot on the cox&aelig; behind, the trochanters, the tibi&aelig;,
+and tarsi white, the tibi&aelig; black at their apex, and the femora palish at
+their base outside; the wings hyaline and iridescent, with the nervures
+black. The abdomen beneath, and the apical margins of the segments
+above, white.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Rather smaller than the female, but only differs otherwise in
+the colour of the legs, the anterior and intermediate pairs being
+entirely yellowish-white, excepting the intermediate tibi&aelig; and tarsi,
+which are slightly fuscous above; the posterior femora are ferruginous,
+the tibi&aelig; and tarsi white, with the base and apex of the two former
+black as well as the apical joint of the tarsi.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Key Island.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Pimpla</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Pimpla ochracea.</span> <i>P.</i> ochracea; antennis ferrugineis; facie lute&acirc;;
+alis hyalinis, apice fuscis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5 lines. Entirely ochraceous, with the face and scape
+in front yellow; the body beneath is pale ochraceous; the antenn&aelig;
+ferruginous, above dusky; the eyes emarginate within; the tarsi have the
+tips of the claws black; the wings flavo-hyaline, with the apex of the
+anterior pair fuscous, the nervures black, becoming yellow at the base
+of the wings. The head, thorax, legs and base of the abdomen smooth and
+shining; the abdomen, except at the base, finely punctured; a transverse
+impressed row of punctures a little before the apical margin of each
+segment, and the space between impunctate.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Pimpla braconoides.</span> <i>P.</i> rufo-flava; antennis tarsisque et abdominis
+dimidio posteriori nigris; alis fuscis, dimidio basali flavis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 6 lines. Ferruginous; the posterior tarsi and the
+fourth and following segments of the abdomen black; the head is reddish
+yellow, the eyes brown; the scape and two or three of the basal joints
+of the flagellum ferruginous, the rest fuscous; the basal half of the
+wings flavo-hyaline, the apical half fuscous; the stigma yellow, with a
+subhyaline macula beneath, and two other similar irregular-shaped spots.
+The abdomen with two longitudinal carin&aelig;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[Pg 173]</a></span> on the basal segment, and a
+transverse curved impressed line on the other segments.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Key Island.</p>
+
+<p>This species might at first sight be mistaken for a species of the genus
+<i>Bracon</i>. The male only differs from the female in having the abdomen
+black, with only the basal segment yellow; the wings are only very
+slightly yellow at their base; it is also rather smaller.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Pimpla penetrans.</span> <i>P.</i> flavo-ferruginea; flagello fusco; alis
+flavo-hyalinis, apice fuscis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 4&frac14; lines. Reddish yellow, smooth, and shining; the
+face testaceous, with slight fuscous stains; the scape and two or three
+of the basal joints of the flagellum yellow in front; the wings hyaline,
+with a yellowish tinge; the nervures black, except the costal nervure,
+which is ferruginous towards the base, the apex of the wings slightly
+clouded; the posterior tibi&aelig; fuscous above. Abdomen: the segments with
+slightly impressed oblique depressions, the ovipositor shorter than the
+abdomen, and black.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Male</i> only differs in having the abdomen rather more slender.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Pimpla ferruginea.</span> <i>P.</i> flavo-ferruginea; antennis supra fuscis; alis
+hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5&frac12; lines. Ferruginous, with the head and thorax
+beneath yellow-testaceous; the cox&aelig; also are of the same colour; the
+flagellum slightly fuscous above; the wings flavo-hyaline, the nervures
+black; the two basal segments of the abdomen shining, the third and the
+following segments subopake; the ovipositor as long as the abdomen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Key Island.</p>
+
+<p>5. <span class="smcap">Pimpla plagiata.</span> <i>P.</i> flavo-rufa; antennis strigisque tribus
+mesothoracis nigris; alis hyalinis, apice cellul&aelig; marginalis fusco
+unimaculato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5&frac12; lines. Yellow, the legs with ferruginous stains;
+the antenn&aelig; black, with the scape yellow in front; the head with a large
+ovate black spot behind the ocelli. Thorax finely punctured on the disk
+of metathorax, which has three longitudinal broad black stripes, a
+narrow black line on the posterior margin of both the scutellum and
+postscutellum; wings hyaline, the nervures black, with a dark fuscous
+spot at the apex of the marginal cell. Abdomen reddish-yellow, with the
+apical margins of the segments yellow; the ovipositor black, and shorter
+than the abdomen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Rhyssa</span>, <i>Grav.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Rhyssa maculipennis.</span> <i>R.</i> rufescenti-flava; antennis et vertice
+nigris; alis hyalinis, plaga nigro-fusca.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[Pg 174]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 9 lines. Ferruginous; the head of a yellow testaceous,
+with the vertex and antenn&aelig; black; the scape ferruginous in front; the
+mandibles black. Thorax: the mesothorax and scutellum transversely
+rugose, the former with two deeply impressed lines in front, which
+converge inwards, and meet in the middle of the disk; wings hyaline,
+with a yellow tinge on the anterior pair, the nervures black; a black
+stripe crosses the middle of the marginal cell, and terminates at the
+inferior margin of the discoidal cell; the legs ferruginous, with the
+posterior tarsi black. Abdomen smooth, shining, ferruginous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Rhyssa vestigator.</span> <i>R.</i> ferruginea; antennis, mesothorace,
+metathoracisque basi nigris; abdomine lineari, nitido et l&aelig;vi; alis
+hyalinis, apice subfuscato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Length 9 lines. Head testaceous-yellow, with the vertex
+ferruginous; the antenn&aelig; fusco-ferruginous. Thorax black, with the
+prothorax, a large oblique spot beneath the wings, the scutellum, and
+metathorax yellow, the base of the latter black; the mesothorax and
+scutellum rugose; the metathorax smooth and shining; the legs
+ferruginous, with the anterior cox&aelig; in front and the posterior pair
+behind yellow; the posterior cox&aelig; black beneath; wings hyaline, faintly
+clouded at their apical margins. Abdomen elongate, linear, glossy,
+smooth, and shining, ferruginous, with the base and lateral margins
+blackish.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Bracon</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Bracon basalis.</span> <i>B.</i> capite, thorace, pedibus anticis et intermediis,
+femoribus posticis ferrugineis; tibiis tarsisque et abdomine nigris,
+segmento basali flavo; alis fusco-hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 4&frac14; lines. The head, scape in front, thorax, anterior
+and intermediate legs, the posterior cox&aelig;, trochanters, and femora, and
+the first segment of the abdomen, and a semicircular spot in the middle
+of the base of the second, yellow-ferruginous; the antenn&aelig;, the
+posterior tibi&aelig; and tarsi, fuscous; abdomen shining black; the thorax
+smooth and shining; the wings fusco-hyaline. The basal segment of the
+abdomen with a longitudinal impressed line on each side, the second
+segment with an oblique depression, the third with an impressed line,
+curved forwards and extending to the lateral margins; the base of the
+segment has a row of short, deeply impressed stri&aelig;; the ovipositor
+shorter than the abdomen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Bracon albo-marginatus.</span> <i>B.</i> capite, thorace pedibusque ferrugineis;
+abdomine nigris annulis albo-marginatis; alis fusco-hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 4&frac12; lines. Head, thorax, and legs ferruginous,
+smooth, and shining; antenn&aelig; and abdomen black, the latter smooth and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[Pg 175]</a></span>
+shining, the posterior margins of the third and following segments with
+a narrow bluish-white fascia; the posterior tarsi slightly fuscous; the
+wings fusco-hyaline; the ovipositor a little longer than the abdomen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">Bracon nigripennis.</span> <i>B.</i> thorace, pedibus anticis et intermediis,
+femoribusque posticis ferrugineis; tibiis tarsisque posticis et abdomine
+nigris; alis nigro-fuscis; capite luteo-testaceo.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 9 lines. Head testaceous, the antenn&aelig; black. Thorax,
+anterior and intermediate legs, the posterior cox&aelig;, trochanters and
+femora, the tegul&aelig;, extreme base of the wings, and the base of the
+stigma ferruginous; the thorax smooth and shining; the wings
+brown-black, with a small hyaline spot in the first submarginal cell.
+Abdomen longitudinally aciculate, a central carina at the base of the
+first segment, the second segment with an oblique impressed line running
+from the lateral angles of its basal margin, and meeting in the centre
+of its posterior margin; the margins of all the segments constricted;
+the ovipositor shorter than the abdomen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Bracon exoletus.</span> <i>B.</i> niger; capite, thorace, pedibus anterioribus et
+intermediis ferrugineis; alis subhyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5 lines. Head, scape of the antenn&aelig;, thorax, anterior
+and intermediate legs, ferruginous; flagellum and tips of the mandibles
+black. Thorax smooth and shining; wings fusco-hyaline, the nervures dark
+brown; the posterior legs fusco-ferruginous. Abdomen rugose and
+subopake; the basal segment black in the middle, with the base and
+lateral margins ferruginous, the sides deeply channeled; the second
+segment with an arrow-headed shining space in the middle of its base;
+the ovipositor shorter than the abdomen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>5. <span class="smcap">Bracon abdominalis.</span> <i>B.</i> rufo-flavus; antennis fuscis; alis
+subhyalinis; abdomine ovato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 3 lines. Reddish yellow; head and thorax smooth and
+shining; the head narrower than the thorax; wings fusco-hyaline; abdomen
+ovate, broader than the thorax, the first and second segments rugose,
+with deep sculptured impressions; the second segment has an ovate
+shining space in the middle at its basal margin; the third segment is
+deeply depressed and sculptured at the base, leaving a transverse arched
+space at its apex, the width of the entire segment; the following
+segments have their margins very deeply depressed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>6. <span class="smcap">Bracon nitidus.</span> <i>B.</i> niger; capite, thorace pedibusque et abdominis
+segmento primo ferrugineis, totis nitidissimis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 4 lines. Ferruginous, with the flagellum, second and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[Pg 176]</a></span>
+following segments shining black; the thorax smooth and shining, with
+the scutellum prominent; the wings subhyaline, their apical margins
+clouded, their extreme base yellowish, the nervures dark brown, the
+stigma black. Abdomen: the second and third segments with deeply
+impressed oblique lines on each side, and the basal margins of the
+following segments depressed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>7. <span class="smcap">Bracon pallifrons.</span> <i>B.</i> niger; thorace pedibusque anticis et
+intermediis ferrugineis; alis fuscis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 6 lines. Head obscure, testaceous yellow; the eyes
+brown; the antenn&aelig; black. Thorax and the anterior and intermediate legs
+ferruginous; an ovate black spot on the metathorax; and the posterior
+legs black, with the articulations obscurely ferruginous; wings dark
+fuscous, with the nervures and stigma black, the base of the latter
+yellowish, and a hyaline streak beneath it, which crosses the first
+submarginal cell. Abdomen black and shining; the first segment with some
+coarse striae at the apex; the second with a central forked carina and
+an oblique one on each side running inwards to the apex of the segment;
+between the carin&aelig; are a number of deep grooves; the lateral margins of
+the three basal segments carinated; the third segment has a row of short
+deep stri&aelig; at its base; the ovipositor longer than the body.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+
+<p>8. <span class="smcap">Bracon intrudens.</span> <i>B.</i> niger; thorace, pedibus anticis intermediisque
+et abdominis segmento basali ferrugineis; alis hyalinis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5 lines. Black; the thorax, anterior and intermediate
+legs, the articulations of the posterior pair, and the base of the
+abdomen ferruginous, entirely smooth and shining; the wings subhyaline,
+the nervures fusco-ferruginous, an irregular fuscous stain at the base
+of the first submarginal cell, extending beyond it. Abdomen: the basal
+segment margined at the sides; the second segment with an oblique deeply
+impressed line running inwards, not quite meeting or extending to the
+apical margin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Agathis</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Agathis fumipennis.</span> <i>A.</i> ferruginea; capite, abdominis apice
+tarsisque posticis nigris; alis obscur&egrave; fuscis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 4 lines. Reddish-yellow; the head, apical joint of the
+intermediate tarsi, the apex of the posterior tibi&aelig;, and the third and
+following segments of the abdomen black; the thorax and legs with a
+thin, short, pale fulvous pubescence; the head and abdomen smooth and
+shining; the head produced before the eyes into a kind of beak,
+rufo-piceous anteriorly. Thorax narrowed before the wings, which are
+dark fuscous, with a hyaline irregular mark below the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[Pg 177]</a></span> stigma, crossing
+the submarginal cell; the anterior margin of the anterior wings
+pubescent; the metathorax broad, margined laterally, with a central
+forked carina, and a crooked one on each side; the posterior legs
+incrassate. Abdomen with the sides of the upper surface carinated.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. CHRYSIDID&AElig;, <i>Leach</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Stilbum</span>, <i>Spin.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Stilbum splendidum, <i>Fabr. Syst. Piez.</i> p. 170. 1.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru; Senegal; Java; Bengal.</p>
+
+<p>2. Stilbum amethystinum, <i>Fabr. Syst. Piez.</i> p. 176. 32.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru; Australia.</p>
+
+<p>Fabricius includes this insect in the genus <i>Chrysis</i>; the typical
+specimen, however, proves that it belongs to the more modern genus
+<i>Stilbum</i>: it is very distinct from <i>S. splendidum</i>, being much more
+strongly and coarsely punctured; and the teeth which arm the apical
+segment are differently disposed on the margin.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. TENTHREDINID&AElig;, <i>Leach</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Oryssus</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Oryssus maculipennis.</span> <i>O.</i> niger, punctatus; pedibus ferrugineis;
+alis fuscis fasci&acirc; hyalin&acirc; ante cellulam marginalem sit&acirc;.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 5&frac12; lines. Black; the head rugose, the front coarsely
+so, with a row of transverse tubercles running from the vertex along the
+inner orbits of the eyes, and crossing the front at half their length;
+the cheeks with a cinereous down, and a line of silvery-white pubescence
+or down, along the outer orbits of the eyes. Thorax coarsely punctured;
+the mesothorax with a central longitudinal smooth elevation; wings
+fuscous, with a broad transverse hyaline fascia before the base of the
+marginal cell, the tips of the wings hyaline; the legs ferruginous, with
+the cox&aelig; and trochanters black; the posterior tibi&aelig; with a double row of
+serrations outside. Abdomen shining and closely punctured; the base and
+apex coarsely so.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Xyphidria</span>, <i>Latr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Xyphidria rufipes.</span> <i>X.</i> nigra; mandibulis, antennarum scapo,
+pedibusque ferrugineis; alis hyalinis et iridescentibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 4 lines. Black and shining; the vertex highly polished;
+the front from the posterior ocelli forwards closely punctured and
+opake; the mandibles, scape, and basal joint of the flagellum
+ferruginous. The thorax anteriorly punctured and opake, posteriorly
+shining, and with a few punctures at the base of the scutellum; wings
+hyaline and iridescent, the nervures black, the extreme base of the
+wings and the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[Pg 178]</a></span> tegul&aelig; pale testaceous; the legs pale ferruginous, with
+the claws of the tarsi darker. Abdomen: the base of the segments
+depressed and very delicately and closely punctured, subopake; the
+apical half highly polished and shining; beneath obscurely rufo-piceous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Tremex</span>, <i>Jurine</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Tremex insignis.</span> <i>T.</i> nigro-purpureus; abdominis fasciis basalibus
+albis; alis nigris cupreo nitentibus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Length 11 lines. Obscure steel-blue, with shades of green,
+purple and violet; the head and thorax punctured; the prothorax with an
+oblique smooth shining space on each side; the wings very dark brown,
+with a brilliant coppery effulgence. The base of the abdomen opake,
+velvety, purple-black; the first segment with a transverse
+cream-coloured fascia in the middle, the second very slightly whitish at
+its base; the rest of the abdomen is highly polished, and has a
+scattered, short, black pubescence.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hab.</i> Aru.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr />
+<p class="intro"><a name="Note_on_Two_Insect-products_from_Persia_By_Daniel_Hanbury_Esq_FLS" id="Note_on_Two_Insect-products_from_Persia_By_Daniel_Hanbury_Esq_FLS"></a>Note on Two Insect-products from Persia. By <span class="smcap">Daniel Hanbury</span>, Esq., F.L.S.</p>
+
+<p class="read">[Read December 16th, 1858.]</p>
+
+
+<p class="first">In the month of June last, my friend Professor Guibourt, of Paris, laid
+before the Acad&eacute;mie des Sciences<a name="FNanchor_G_7" id="FNanchor_G_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_G_7" class="fnanchor">[G]</a> some account of a remarkable
+substance called <i>Tr&eacute;hala</i>, the cocoon of a Curculionidous insect found
+in Persia, where, as well as in other parts of the East, it enjoys some
+celebrity as the basis of a mucilaginous drink administered to the sick.</p>
+
+<p>Specimens of this substance, as well as of another insect-product of
+Persia, together with the insects themselves, were presented a few years
+ago to the British Museum by W. K. Loftus, Esq., who obtained them while
+engaged by the British Government on the question of the Turco-Persian
+boundaries.</p>
+
+<p>The precise determination of the species of these insects being a matter
+of doubt, they have at my request been lately examined by M. Jekel, of
+Paris, an entomologist with whom the family of <i>Curculionid&aelig;</i> has long
+been an especial study. One of these insects M. Jekel has identified
+with a species of wide distribution; the other proving undescribed, he
+has drawn up a description of it, which, accompanied by a figure, I have
+the honour to lay before the Linnean Society. To this, I venture to add
+a few observations upon the productions to which I have alluded.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[Pg 179]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The first of these is <i>Tr&eacute;hala</i> or <i>Tricala</i>, under which name it formed
+part of the Collection of Materia Medica sent by M. Della Sudda, of
+Constantinople, to the Paris Exhibition of 1855, and since deposited in
+the Ecole de Pharmacie in Paris.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tr&eacute;hala</i> (fig. 2) consists of cocoons of an ovoid or globular form,
+about &frac34; of an inch in length; their inner surface is composed of a
+smooth, hard, dusky layer, external to which is a thick, rough,
+tuberculated coating of a greyish-white colour and earthy appearance.
+Some of the cocoons have attached to them the remains of the tomentose
+stalk of the plant upon which they were formed; others have portions of
+a tomentose spiny leaf built into them; and, more rarely, one finds
+portions of the flowering heads of the plant, a species of <i>Echinops</i>,
+similarly enclosed. Many of the cocoons are open at one end and empty;
+others have a longitudinal aperture, originally closed by the stalk of
+the plant, and still contain the insect; a few are entirely closed.
+Specimens of this insect, extracted from the cocoons sent to Paris, were
+examined in 1856 by my friend Mr. W. Wilson Saunders, who pronounced
+them to be <i>Larinus maculatus</i> of Faldermann,&mdash;a determination also
+arrived at by M. Jekel from specimens presented by Mr. Loftus to the
+British Museum. Respecting these latter, one of which is represented in
+fig. 1, M. Jekel makes the following remarks:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Larinus maculatus</span>, <i>Faldermann, Faun. Transcauc.</i> ii. p. 228, 449,
+tab. 6. f. 10, et iii. p. 198.&mdash;<i>Sch&ouml;nh. Gen. et Sp. Curcul.</i> iii.
+p. 112 et vii. 2. p. 7.&mdash;<i>Hochhuth, Bull. Moscou</i>, 1847, No. 2. p.
+538 (var. <ins class="correction" title="Greek: gamma">&gamma;</ins>).</p>
+
+<p>"Var. <ins class="correction" title="Greek: gamma">&gamma;</ins>. <i>Larin. Onopordinis</i>, Sch. <i>loc. cit.</i> iii. p.
+111 (excl. synon.).</p>
+
+<p>"Of this species, Mr. Loftus captured several specimens, all of
+small size: from some of them the pollinosity had been rubbed off,
+as is represented in the figure by Mr. Ford (<i>vide</i> fig. 1), which
+shows only a part of the inferior layer of tomentum and the greyish
+ground of the dorsal and lateral macul&aelig;; the latter, being the most
+densely coloured in fresh specimens, are always the most persistent.
+These belong to Sch&ouml;nherr's var. <ins class="correction" title="Greek: gamma">&gamma;</ins>, which that author
+formerly regarded as the <i>Larinus Onopordinis</i>, Fabr. Others of Mr.
+Loftus's specimens, which are very fresh, belong to var. <ins class="correction" title="Greek: beta">&beta;</ins>; none to the typical variety, which is often larger in size.</p>
+
+<p>"This species has a very extended habitat: I have received it from
+European Turkey (Frivaldski), Beyrouth, Caucasus, Persia (Dupont),
+&amp;c. &amp;c.; and it is recorded by Sch&ouml;nherr as also found in Barbary
+and Portugal.</p>
+
+<p>"This is the insect which proceeds from the rough chalky-looking
+nidus figured by Mr. Ford. (<i>Vide</i> fig. 2.)" </p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[Pg 180]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The entomological question being so far disposed of, I may be permitted
+a few remarks upon the properties which have obtained for <i>Tr&eacute;hala</i> a
+place among drugs and dietetic substances.</p>
+
+<p>The first author who gives any account of the substance is Father Ange,
+who, in his 'Pharmacop&oelig;a Persica<a name="FNanchor_H_8" id="FNanchor_H_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_H_8" class="fnanchor">[H]</a>,' describes it in the following
+terms:&mdash;"Est autem istud medicamentum veluti <i>tragea</i> ex nucleo pistacii
+integro confecta; nam revera saccharum istud exterius corrugatum et
+agglomeratum adh&aelig;ret cuidam nucleo, in quo non fructus, sed vermiculus
+quidam nigricans Persice <i>C-hezoukek</i> bombycis instar reconditur et
+moritur."</p>
+
+<p>Father Ange also states that the substance is called in Persian <i>Schakar
+tigal</i> <img src="images/image186a.png" alt="Persian script" title="Persian script" />,
+literally <i>Sugar of nests</i>; but his Arabic
+names, <i>Schakar el ma-ascher</i> <img src="images/image186b.png" alt="Arabic script" title="Arabic script" /> and <i>Saccar el aschaar</i>,
+apply to an entirely different substance, namely to a saccharine matter
+exuded, after the punctures of an insect, from the stems of <i>Calotropis
+procera</i>, R. Br.<a name="FNanchor_I_9" id="FNanchor_I_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_I_9" class="fnanchor">[I]</a>, of which plant he gives a quaint but tolerably
+characteristic description.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Loftus, who obtained the specimens which he presented to the British
+Museum, at Kirrind in Persia, in September, 1851, gives as the Persian
+name of the cocoons <i>Shek roukeh</i>&mdash;a term, probably, the same as the
+"<i>C-hezoukek</i>" (a misprint?) of Father Ange, but the signification of
+which I have not been able to discover.</p>
+
+<p>Another notice of the same substance, with a figure, is briefly given in
+Dr. Honigberger's 'Thirty-five Years in the East' (Lond. 1852, vol. ii.
+pp. 305-6), where we read that <i>Manna teeghul</i> or <i>Shukure teeghal</i>,
+which are certain insect-nests of a hard texture, rough on the outside,
+smooth within, about half an inch in length, and of a whitish colour,
+are imported into Lahore from Hindostan.</p>
+
+<p>M. Bourlier published in 1857 an interesting note on the same
+substance<a name="FNanchor_J_10" id="FNanchor_J_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_J_10" class="fnanchor">[J]</a>, which has been followed by M. Guibourt's communication<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[Pg 181]</a></span> to
+the Acad&eacute;mie des Sciences, and still later by a memoir on the chemical
+history of Tr&eacute;hala, by M. Marcellin Berthelot, also presented to the
+Academy<a name="FNanchor_K_11" id="FNanchor_K_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_K_11" class="fnanchor">[K]</a>.</p>
+
+<p>From the investigations of M. Guibourt, it appears that the cocoons are
+composed of a large proportion of starch (identical with that found in
+the stem of the <i>Echinops</i>, upon which the insect forms its nest), of
+gum, a peculiar saccharine matter, a bitter principle, besides earthy
+and alkaline salts.</p>
+
+<p>The saccharine principle, which has been especially examined by M.
+Berthelot, and named by him <i>Tr&eacute;halose</i>, is a body analogous to
+cane-sugar, but possessing distinctive properties, which separate it
+from that and all other varieties of sugar.</p>
+
+<p>M. Bourlier states that <i>Tr&eacute;hala</i>, which is abundant in the shops of the
+Jew drug-dealers of Constantinople, is frequently used by the Arab and
+Turkish physicians in the form of a decoction, which is regarded by them
+as of peculiar efficacy in diseases of the respiratory organs.</p>
+
+<p>The second insect-product to which I would draw attention, is a
+saccharine substance resembling dark honey. Mr. Loftus, who obtained it
+near Kirrind, 13th July, 1851, and whose specimen is in the British
+Museum, states that it is exuded from a species of thistle when pierced
+by a Rhynchophorous insect; but he fails to inform us for what purposes
+it is used by the inhabitants.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Loftus having also presented the Museum with excellent specimens
+both of the plant and insect, I am able to state that the former is
+<i>Echinops persicus</i>, Fisch., and the latter a new species of <i>Larinus</i>,
+to which M. Jekel has applied the name <i>Larinus mellificus</i>, and of
+which he has drawn up the following description:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Larinus mellificus</span>, <i>Jekel</i> (fig. 3). Breviter ovatus, convexus,
+niger, nitidus; infra subtiliter, lateribus thoracis margineque
+elytrorum intus medio versus angulariter ampliata, apicem occupante
+griseo-cinerascenti tomentosis; rostro leviter punctato, basi
+utrinque bicanaliculato cum elevatione media lata subcariniformi;
+thorace subconico antice tubulato, supra confertim sat rude
+punctato, lateribus subrugoso; elytris striato-punctatis,
+interstitiis latis, planis, transversim subtilissime rugulosis, cum
+abdomine tenuissime alutaceis, punctis majoribus remotioribus
+impressis; pectore, lateribus, pedibusque rugoso-punctatis,
+femoribus infra fortiter oblique costato-rugosis; tibiis intus,
+anticis fortius crenulatis. Long. (rostr. excl.) 16-18, lat. elytr.
+8-9 mill.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[Pg 182]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Patria&mdash;Persia, prope Kirrind, ubi <i>Echinopsidis</i> speciem
+frequentat, cujus plant&aelig; caules ab hoc insecto puncti materiam
+quamdam saccharinam sudant." <i>W. K. Loftus</i>, Mus. Brit. </p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 314px;">
+<img src="images/image188a.png" width="314" height="165" alt="Fig. 1.
+
+Larinus maculatus, Falderm." title="Fig. 1.
+
+Larinus maculatus, Falderm." />
+<span class="caption">Fig. 1.
+
+Larinus maculatus, Falderm.</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 307px;">
+<img src="images/image188b.png" width="307" height="134" alt="Fig. 2.
+
+The cocoons of Larinus maculatus, called in Turkish Tr&eacute;hala." title="Fig. 2.
+
+The cocoons of Larinus maculatus, called in Turkish Tr&eacute;hala." />
+<span class="caption">Fig. 2.
+
+The cocoons of Larinus maculatus, called in Turkish Tr&eacute;hala.</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 298px;">
+<img src="images/image188c.png" width="298" height="170" alt="Fig. 3.
+
+Larinus mellificus, Jekel." title="Fig. 3.
+
+Larinus mellificus, Jekel." />
+<span class="caption">Fig. 3.
+
+Larinus mellificus, Jekel.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Very similar to <i>L. Onopordinis</i>, but proportionably more elongate and
+less convex; rostrum and thorax longer; pilosity of the body underneath
+much thinner and shorter; thighs thicker, more clavate, the anterior
+evidently costate-rugose underneath; without whitish marks on the
+elytra, and without that layer of light-brown earth-like pollinose
+transudation which is often wanting in rubbed specimens of <i>Larinus
+Onopordinis</i>. The freshest<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[Pg 183]</a></span> specimens have the griseous margin of the
+elytra, which parts from the base under the shoulder, obliquely and
+angularly ampliate interiorly towards the middle, where it reaches the
+second stria. This griseous pilosity fills all the tips of the elytra,
+leaving bare only the sutures, an angular notch behind the middle (which
+forms with that apical part of the suture a kind of hook on each
+elytron), and two round spots, one submarginal fronting the tip of the
+notch, the other larger, discoidal, behind the foot of the notch, much
+above the tip.</p>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_G_7" id="Footnote_G_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_G_7"><span class="label">[G]</span></a> Comptes Rendus, 21 Juin, 1858, p. 1213.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_H_8" id="Footnote_H_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_H_8"><span class="label">[H]</span></a> Pharmacop&oelig;a Persica ex idiomate Persico in Latinum
+conversa. Lutet. Paris., 1681, p. 361.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_I_9" id="Footnote_I_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_I_9"><span class="label">[I]</span></a> This saccharine substance is noticed by Avicenna as
+<i>Zuccarum alhusar</i> (Lib. ii. Tract. ii. cap. 756, ed. Valgr. Venet.
+1564), and also by Matthiolus (Comm. in Lib. ii. Diosc. cap. 75). It is
+likewise referred to by Endlicher (Enchiridion Botanicum, p. 300), Royle
+(Illustr. of the Bot. of the Himalayan Mountains, vol. i. p. 275), Merat
+and De Lens (Dict. de Mati&egrave;re M&eacute;dicale, l. i. p. 467), &amp;c.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_J_10" id="Footnote_J_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_J_10"><span class="label">[J]</span></a> Revue Pharmaceutique de 1856, par Dorvault, p. 37.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_K_11" id="Footnote_K_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_K_11"><span class="label">[K]</span></a> Comptes Rendus, 28 Juin 1858, p. 1276.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr />
+<p class="intro"><a name="Catalogue_of_the_Heterocerous_Lepidoptera_collected_at_Singapore_by_Mr" id="Catalogue_of_the_Heterocerous_Lepidoptera_collected_at_Singapore_by_Mr"></a>Catalogue of the Heterocerous Lepidoptera collected at Singapore by Mr.
+<span class="smcap">A. R. Wallace</span>, with Descriptions of New Species. By <span class="smcap">Francis Walker</span>,
+Esq., F.L.S.</p>
+
+<p class="read">[Read Feb. 17, 1859.]</p>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. URANIID&AElig;, <i>Westwood</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Nyctalemon</span>, <i>Dalman</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Nyctalemon Hector, <i>White, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het.</i> vii. 1771.</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Borneo.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. AGARISTID&AElig;, <i>Swainson</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Eusemia</span>, <i>Dalman</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>2. Eusemia maculatrix, <i>Westwood, Cat. Orient. Ent.</i> 67, pl. 33. f. 1.</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Hindostan and Java.</p>
+
+<p>3. Eusemia mollis, <i>Walk. Cat. Lep. Het.</i> vii. 1774.</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Hindostan.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. ZYG&AElig;NID&AElig;, <i>Leach</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Syntomis</span>, <i>Illiger</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Syntomis annosa</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Cinereo-fusca; capite, antennis
+apice, humeris abdominisque maculis lateralibus albis; alis maculis
+quatuor vitreis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Cinereous brown. Head white. Antenn&aelig; serrated, white towards
+the tips. Thorax with a large white spot on each side in front. Abdomen
+somewhat compressed towards the base, with white spots along each side.
+Wings long, with the discal areolets from the base to beyond the middle
+mostly vitreous, but having the veins bordered with brown. Length of the
+body 9 lines; of the wings 22 lines.</p>
+
+<p>5. <span class="smcap">Syntomis chloroleuca</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Nigro-viridis; fronte, antennis
+apice, humeris abdominisque fasciis duabus dorsalibus fasciisque<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[Pg 184]</a></span>
+ventralibus albis; alis purpureo-nigris, anticis maculis quatuor
+vitreis, posticis macula una vitrea.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Blackish-green. Front, antenn&aelig; towards the tips, and two
+humeral spots white. Antenn&aelig; simple. Abdomen with a white band at the
+base, and with another on the fifth segment, and with white ventral
+bands. Wings purplish-black; fore wings with four vitreous spots; the
+fore one of the interior pair not one-third of the size of the hind one,
+which is very long; the fore one of the exterior pair much narrower than
+the hind one, and accompanied at its inner end by an elongated vitreous
+point; hind wings with an elongated vitreous spot. Length of the body
+4&frac12; lines; of the wings 12 lines.</p>
+
+<p>6. <span class="smcap">Syntomis xanthomela</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Nigra; fronte, thoracis margine
+antico abdominisque fasciis ochraceis; antennis apice albis, abdominis
+fasciculo pallide cinereo; alis anticis maculis quinque vitreis,
+posticis maculis duabus vitreis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Black. Front, fore borders of the thorax and hind borders of the
+abdominal segments ochraceous; dorsal tuft pale cinereous, rather large.
+Antenn&aelig; simple, white towards the tips. Fore wings with five vitreous
+spots, of which the basal one is small and round, and the other four
+large and elongated; the exterior pair intersected by the black veins.
+Hind wings with two vitreous spots, of which one is basal and the other
+discal. Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 9 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. LITHOSIID&AElig;.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Nyctemera</span>, <i>H&uuml;bner</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>7. <span class="smcap">Nyctemera mundipicta</span>, n. s. <i>Mas et F&oelig;m.</i> Fusca; capite thoraceque
+albo vittatis; abdomine albo guttis dorsalibus fuscis; alis anticis basi
+albo venosis, fascia exteriore obliqua postice abbreviata alba, posticis
+albis fusco marginatis. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Thorace fascia postica lutea, abdomine
+fusco fasciis albis; alis anticis fascia latiore vix abbreviata.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Brown. Head and thorax with white lines. Antenn&aelig; moderately
+pectinated. Pectus with black spots, luteous on each side. Abdomen
+white, with brown dorsal dots; tip luteous. Legs white. Fore wings with
+white veins towards the base, and with an exterior oblique white band,
+which is narrower hindward, and ends at some distance from the interior
+border. Hind wings white, with a broad brown border. <i>Female?</i> Larger.
+Antenn&aelig; slightly pectinated. Thorax with a slight luteous band in front,
+and another hindward. Abdomen brown, with a white band on the hind
+border of each segment; under side white, with brown spots along each
+side. Fore wings with the band much broader, hardly straightened
+hindward, and ending very near the interior border. Length of the body
+5-6 lines; of the wings 16-20 lines.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[Pg 185]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Cyclosia</span>, <i>H&uuml;bner</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>8. <span class="smcap">Cyclosia submaculans</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Nigra, velutina, squamis nonnullis
+cyaneis, subtus albo cyaneoque fasciata; alis anticis purpureo-nigris,
+punctis paucis exterioribus, alis posticis fuscis, punctis
+submarginalibus albis; alis quatuor subtus fuscis, guttis exterioribus
+et submarginalibus albis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Black, with a few metallic blue specks, and with metallic
+bluish-white pectoral spots and ventral bands. Antenn&aelig; slightly
+pectinated. Wings velvety, rather long, brown beneath, with an exterior
+and a submarginal row of white dots; fore wings purplish-black, with a
+few exterior and submarginal white points; hind wings brown, with
+submargiual white points. Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 28
+lines.</p>
+
+<p>9. <span class="smcap">Cyclosia nivipetens</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Cinereo-nigra; antennis
+cyaneo-nigris subpectinatis; alis anticis fascia lata submarginali alba.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Cinereous-black. Antenn&aelig; bluish-black. Fore wings with a broad,
+submarginal, upright, white band, which is much narrower hindward, and
+is intersected by the black veins. Length of the body 7 lines; of the
+wings 22 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Pidorus</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>10. <span class="smcap">Pidorus constrictus</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Cyaneo-niger, subtus testaceus;
+antennis pectinatis corpore vix brevioribus; thoracis margine antico
+coccineo; alis angustis, anticis fascia exteriore subrecta subobliqua
+flavo-alba, posticis cinereo-nigris.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Bluish-black, testaceous beneath. Antenn&aelig; moderately pectinated,
+hardly shorter than the body. Thorax crimson along the fore border.
+Wings narrow, somewhat testaceous beneath towards the base; fore wings
+with a slightly oblique, hardly curved, yellowish-white exterior band;
+hind wings cinereous-black. Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 16
+lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Hypsa</span>, <i>H&uuml;bner</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>11. Hypsa silvandra, <i>Cram. Pap. Exot.</i> iv. 155, pl. 369. f. D
+(Phal&aelig;na).</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Hindostan, China, and Australia.</p>
+
+<p>12. Hypsa egens, <i>Walk. Cat. Lep. Het.</i> 11. 453. 12.</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Hindostan and Java.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Setina</span>, <i>Schranck</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>13. <span class="smcap">Setina bipunctata</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Flava; alis anticis punctis duobus
+basalibus guttaque discali nigris.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Yellow, closely allied to <i>S. apicalis</i> (Cat. Lep. Het. 521).
+Fore wings black along the costa towards the base, where there are two<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[Pg 186]</a></span>
+black points; a small black dot at the tip of the discal areolet. Hind
+wings a little paler than the fore wings. Length of the body 3 lines; of
+the wings 8 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Bizone</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>14. Bizone hamata, <i>Walk. Cat. Lep. Het.</i> 88. 5493.</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also China.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Deiopeia</span>, <i>Stephens</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>15. <span class="smcap">Deiopeia detracta</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Pallide lutea; thorace guttis
+nigris; alis sat angustis nigro guttatis, fimbria pallida nitente; alis
+anticis nigro transverse quadristrigatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Pale luteous. Thorax with six black dots. Wings narrower than
+in the other species of this genus, with black dots, of which the most
+part are towards the exterior border, where they form two irregular
+lines, and are somewhat confluent on the under side; fringe whitish,
+shining. Fore wings with four short transverse various black streaks, of
+which the first and the second form an interrupted line. Length of the
+body 5 lines; of the wings 14 lines.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Darantasia</span>, n. g.</p>
+
+<p><i>F&oelig;m. Corpus</i> sat robustum. <i>Proboscis</i> distincta. <i>Palpi</i> porrecti,
+breves, caput non superantes; articulus tertius longiconicus, acutus,
+secundi dimidio non longior. <i>Antenn&aelig;</i> setace&aelig;, simplices, gracillim&aelig;.
+<i>Abdomen</i> subconicum, alas posticas superans; sexualia sat magna.
+<i>Pedes</i> breves, nudi, sat validi, calcaribus robustis sat longis. <i>Al&aelig;</i>
+breviuscul&aelig;, sat angust&aelig;; antic&aelig; apud costam convex&aelig;, apice rotundat&aelig;,
+margine exteriore perobliquo.</p>
+
+<p>Allied to <i>Lemyra</i> (Cat. Lep. Het. vii. 1690).</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Body rather stout. Proboscis moderately long. Palpi porrect,
+short, not extending beyond the head; third joint elongate-conical,
+acute, about half the length of the second. Antenn&aelig; setaceous, simple,
+very slender, full half the length of the body. Abdomen nearly conical,
+extending somewhat beyond the hind wings; anal appendages rather large.
+Legs short, bare, rather stout; spurs stout, rather long. Wings rather
+short and narrow; fore wings convex along the costa, rounded at the
+tips, extremely oblique along the exterior border.</p>
+
+<p>16. <span class="smcap">Darantasia cuneiplena</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Nigra; corpore subtus, capite,
+thoracis fasciis duabus anticis maculaque postica abdominisque fasciis
+posticis luteis; pedibus luteis, tibiis supra nigris; alis anticis luteo
+octo-strigatis, posticis luteo strigatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Black, mostly luteous beneath. Head luteous. Thorax with two
+luteous bands in front, and with a luteous spot hindward. Abdomen with
+luteous bands hindward. Legs luteous; tibi&aelig; black above. Fore wings with
+eight wedge-shaped luteous streaks, of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[Pg 187]</a></span> which three are near the base,
+two subcostal, two hindward, and one submarginal and transverse. Hind
+wings with three luteous streaks, of which the first and second are
+connected exteriorly, and the third is short, broad, and submarginal.
+Length of the body 3&frac12; lines; of the wings 8 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. LIPARID&AElig;, <i>Boisduval</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Artaxa</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>17. <span class="smcap">Artaxa varians</span>, <i>Walk. Cat. Lep. Het.</i> iv. 796.</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also West Africa, Hindostan, and China.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Pantana</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>18. <span class="smcap">Pantana bicolor</span>, <i>Walk. Cat. Lep. Het.</i> iv. 820.</p>
+
+<p><i>Note.</i>&mdash;<i>P. dispar</i>, a native of Hindostan, and <i>P. ampla</i>, a native of
+China, may be varieties of this species.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. NOTODONTID&AElig;, <i>Stephens</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Darabitta</span>, n. g.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p><i>F&oelig;m.</i> <i>Corpus</i> vix robustum. <i>Proboscis</i> brevis. <i>Palpi</i>
+longiusculi, oblique ascendentes, non pilosi. <i>Antenn&aelig;</i> valid&aelig;,
+subcompress&aelig;, breviuscul&aelig;, simplices. <i>Abdomen</i> conicum, alas posticas
+non superans. <i>Pedes</i> squamosi, l&aelig;ves, brevinusculi, sat graciles,
+calcaribus longis. <i>Al&aelig;</i> latiuscul&aelig;, non long&aelig;; antic&aelig; apud costam
+rect&aelig;, apice subrotundat&aelig;, margine exteriore vix convexo.</p>
+
+<p>This genus hardly belongs to the <i>Notodontid&aelig;</i>; but its precise
+situation seems to be uncertain. <i>Female.</i> Body hardly stout. Proboscis
+short. Palpi rather long and slender, not pilose, obliquely ascending,
+rising a little higher than the vertex; third joint elongate-conical,
+less than half the length of the second. Antenn&aelig; stout, bare, slightly
+compressed, little longer than the thorax; joints few. Abdomen conical,
+not extending beyond the hind wings. Legs squamous, smooth, rather short
+and slender; spurs long. Wings rather broad, not long; fore wings
+straight along the costa, slightly rounded at the tips; exterior border
+hardly convex, very slightly oblique.</p>
+
+<p>19. <span class="smcap">Darabitta strigicosta</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Rufa, vix cinerascens; alis
+anticis linea submarginali e punctis nigris, lineolis tribus costalibus
+obliquis albis, prima angulata, secunda tertiaque connexis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Red, with a slight cinereous tinge, more cinereous beneath.
+Antenn&aelig; pale. Fore wings with three white oblique costal streaks; first
+streak forming an outward angle; second connected in the disk with the
+third, which is oblique in the contrary direction; a row of submarginal
+black points. Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 8 lines.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[Pg 188]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. LIMACODID&AElig;, <i>Duponchel</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Miresa</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>20. <span class="smcap">Miresa curvifera</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Rufa, crassa, brevis; antennis late
+pectinatis; alis anticis linea exteriore arcuata nivea, spatio contiguo
+exteriore obscuriore.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Red, thick, short. Palpi porrect, extending a little beyond the
+head. Antenn&aelig; shorter than the thorax, broadly pectinated except towards
+the tips. Abdomen short, obtuse, not extending beyond the hind wings.
+Legs short. Wings not broad. Fore wings straight along the costa,
+rounded at the tips, darker on the exterior side of a curved transverse
+bright white line, which is somewhat beyond the middle; exterior border
+rather oblique. Hind wings a little paler than the fore wings. Length of
+the body 4&frac12; lines; of the wings 12 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. SATURNIID&AElig;, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Attacus</span>, <i>Linn.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>21. <span class="smcap">Attacus Atlas</span>, <i>Linn. Syst. Nat.</i> 808.</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Hindostan, Ceylon, China, and Borneo.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. BOMBYCID&AElig;.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Bombyx</span>, <i>Linn.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>22. <span class="smcap">Bombyx subnotata.</span> <i>Mas.</i> Ferruginea, crassa; antennis late
+pectinatis; abdominis apice laminis lateralibus fimbriatis; alis anticis
+margine exteriore subundulato subexciso, macula subtus costali
+subapicali flava.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Ferruginous, thick, pilose. Mouth obsolete. Antenn&aelig; broadly
+pectinated. Abdomen much more slender than the thorax, not extending
+beyond the hind wings; anal lateral appendages fringed. Legs short,
+stout. Fore wings rounded at the tips, extremely oblique along the
+exterior border, which is slightly angular in the middle and slightly
+excavated on each side; under side with a yellow costal spot near the
+tip. Hind wings with the interior border densely fringed towards the
+tip. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 16 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. LEUCANID&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Mythimna</span>, <i>H&uuml;bner</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>23. <span class="smcap">Mythimna inducens</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Lateritio-rufa, subtus albida;
+palporum articulo tertio brevissimo; abdomine rufescenti-cano; alarum
+anticarum puncto discali nigro, lineis duabus nigricantibus subarcuatis
+indistinctis, alis posticis rufescenti-canis.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[Pg 189]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Brick-red colour, mostly whitish beneath. Palpi obliquely
+ascending, not rising to the height of the vertex; third joint extremely
+small, less than one-sixth of the length of the second. Abdomen
+reddish-hoary, extending but little beyond the hind wings. Legs stout,
+squamous; spurs moderately long. Fore wings very slightly convex along
+the costa, rectangular at the tips; exterior border slightly oblique,
+nearly straight; two slender, indistinct, slightly curved, blackish
+lines, having between them a more distinct black discal point. Hind
+wings reddish-hoary, the reddish tinge most prevalent towards the
+exterior border. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 18 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. GONOPTERID&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Anomis</span>, <i>H&uuml;bner</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>24. <span class="smcap">Anomis mutilata</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Rufa, robusta, subtus
+rufescenti-cinerea; palpis longis subascendentibus; abdomine latiusculo;
+alarum anticarum lineis tribus indistinctis angulosis nigricantibus,
+orbiculari alba punctiformi, margine exteriore postico perobliquo
+subexcavato.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Red, stout, reddish cinereous beneath. Palpi long, obliquely
+ascending; third joint slender, linear, obtuse at the tip, a little
+shorter than the second. Antenn&aelig; stout, with extremely short set&aelig;.
+Abdomen rather broad, extending a little beyond the hind wings. Fore
+wings with three blackish, indistinct, slightly diffuse, zigzag lines,
+which are slightly bordered hindward with pale yellow; orbicular mark
+white, punctiform; exterior border slightly angular, hardly oblique, and
+slightly truncated on the fore half, extremely oblique and with two
+slight excavations on the hind half; fringe partly white. Hind wings not
+paler than the fore wings. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 18
+lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Thalatta</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>25. Thalatta aurigutta, <i>Walk. Cat. Lep. Het.</i> xv. 1793.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. HYPOGRAMMID&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Briarda</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>26. <span class="smcap">Briarda plagifera</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Ferrugineo-cinerea; capite
+thoraceque antico nigricantibus; tibiis ciliatis; alis sat angustis
+subdenticulatis, anticarum fascia basali, macula discali maculaque
+costali exteriore nigricantibus, lineis exteriore et submarginali fuscis
+duplicatis denticulatis subnebulosis; alis posticis pallide cinereis,
+semihyalinis, fusco latissime marginatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Cinereous, tinged with ferruginous. Head and fore part of the
+thorax blackish. Palpi obliquely ascending; third joint linear, conical<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[Pg 190]</a></span>
+at the tip, about half the length of the second. Antenn&aelig; hardly setose.
+Abdomen extending a little beyond the hind wings. Legs rather stout;
+tibi&aelig; fringed; spurs very long. Wings rather narrow, slightly
+denticulated. Fore wings slightly rounded at the tips, very oblique
+along the exterior border; a blackish band near the base, abbreviated
+hindward; a large blackish spot on the reniform mark, and a diffuse
+blackish spot near the tip of the costa; exterior and submarginal lines
+brown, double, denticulated, with the space along their borders somewhat
+clouded. Hind wings pale cinereous, semihyaline, with very broad brown
+borders. Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 22 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. CATEPHID&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Steiria</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>27. <span class="smcap">Steiria phryganeoides</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Pallide cinerea, rufescente
+conspersa; palpis longis vix ascendentibus; alis sat angustis
+denticulatis; alarum anticarum squamis nonnullis nigris fuscisque,
+marginibus exteriore et interiore non conspersis, reniformi magna; alis
+posticis pallide cinereis, fusco late marginatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Pale cinereous, thickly speckled with ferruginous red. Palpi
+long, hardly ascending, almost straight; third joint linear, obtuse at
+the tip, rather shorter than the second. Antenn&aelig; bare. Abdomen conical,
+extending rather beyond the hind wings; apical tuft small. Legs rather
+long and slender, almost bare; spurs very long. Wings rather narrow;
+exterior border denticulated. Fore wings with the speckles mostly
+confluent in the disk, mostly wanting along the interior and exterior
+borders; several black and brown speckles, some of which border the
+large reniform mark. Hind wings pale cinereous, with a broad brown
+border. Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 20 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. OPHIDERID&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Ophideres</span>, <i>Boisduval</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>28. Ophideres Salaminia, <i>Cram. Pap. Exot.</i> 71. 117, pl. 174. fig. A.</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Hindostan, Ceylon, Java, and China.</p>
+
+<p>29. Ophideres discrepans, <i>Walk. Cat. Lep. Het.</i> xiii. 1227.</p>
+
+<p>30. Ophideres smaragdipicta, <i>Walk. Cat. Lep. Het.</i> xiii. 1229.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. PHYLLODID&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Lygniodes</span>, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>31. Lygniodes endoleuca, <i>Gu&eacute;n. Noct.</i> iii. 124.</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Java.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[Pg 191]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. EREBID&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Sypna</span>, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>32. Sypna subsignata, <i>Walk. Cat. Lep. Het.</i> xiv. 1261.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. OMMATOPHORID&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Patula</span>, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>33. Patula macrops, <i>Linn. Syst. Nat.</i> 225 (Noctua).</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also West and South Africa, Madagascar, Hindostan, and Ceylon.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Argiva</span>, <i>H&uuml;bner</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>34. Argiva hieroglyphica, <i>Drury, Ins. Exot.</i> 11. 3, pl. 2. f. 1
+(Noctua).</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Madagascar, Hindostan, and Ceylon.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. OPHIUSID&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">C&aelig;cila</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>35. C&aelig;cila complexa, <i>Walk. Cat. Lep. Het.</i> xv. 1825.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Ophisma</span>, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>36. Ophisma Umminia, <i>Cram. Pap. Exot.</i> 111. 137, pl. 267. f. 7
+(Noctua).</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Java and Sumatra.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Ach&aelig;a</span>, <i>H&uuml;bner</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>37. Ach&aelig;a mercatoria, <i>Fabr. Ent. Syst.</i> 111. 2, 62. 175. (Noctua).</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Hindostan and Java.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. THERMESID&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Thermesia</span>, <i>H&uuml;bner</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>38. <span class="smcap">Thermesia? recusata</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Rufescenti-cinerea, robusta,
+nigricante conspersa, capite thoraceque antico fuscis; palpis
+longissimis ascendentibus subarcuatis; antennis subsetosis, alis linea
+exteriore recta obliqua nigricante extus diffusa, linea interiore tenui
+subarcuata nigricante, linea submarginali e punctis lineaque marginali
+nigris.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Reddish cinereous, stout, with blackish speckles. Head and fore
+part of the thorax brown. Frontal tuft acute. Palpi very long, slightly
+curved, nearly vertical; third joint linear, acute, shorter than the
+second. Antenn&aelig; slightly setose. Abdomen hardly extending<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[Pg 192]</a></span> beyond the
+hind wings. Wings with the speckles here and there confluent; lines
+blackish; interior line slender, slightly curved; exterior line
+straight, oblique, diffuse on the outer side, extending almost to the
+tips of the fore wings; submarginal line represented by points; marginal
+line slightly undulating. Fore wings rectangular at the tips; exterior
+border slightly bent; its fore part not oblique; orbicular and reniform
+marks indistinct. Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 16 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Hypernaria</span>, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>39. <span class="smcap">Hypernaria diffundens</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Cinerea, robusta, fusco
+conspersa; palporum articulo secundo extus fusco, tertio aciculari
+longissimo, alarum lineis interiore et exteriore vagis dentatis lineaque
+media recta sat obliqua squamis fuscis, punctis marginalibus atris, alis
+anticis acutis, orbiculari punctiformi atra, litura reniformi angusta
+fusco marginata extus excavata.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Cinereous, stout, speckled with brown. Palpi very slightly
+curved; second joint brown on the outer side; third acicular, a little
+shorter than the second. Antenn&aelig; minutely setose. Abdomen not extending
+beyond the hind wings. Wings with the interior and exterior lines
+angulose, diffuse, composed of brown speckles; middle line more oblique,
+straight, slender, double, obsolete towards the costa of the fore wings,
+bordered with diffuse angular streaks of brown speckles; marginal points
+deep black. Fore wings acute; orbicular mark black, punctiform; reniform
+narrow, brown, bordered, excavated on the outer side; exterior border
+slightly convex. Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 22 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Ugia</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>40. Ugia disjungens, <i>Walk. Cat. Lep. Het.</i> xv. 1860.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. PLATYDID&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Masca</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>41. Masca abactalis, <i>Walk. Cat. Lep. Het.</i> xvi. 9.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. HYPENID&AElig;, <i>Herr.-Sch&aelig;ffer</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Hypena</span>, <i>Schranck</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>42. Hypena ruralis, <i>Walk. Cat. Lep. Het.</i> xvi. 65.</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Ceylon.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Macna</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>43. Macna pomalis, <i>Walk. Cat. Lep. Het.</i> xvi. 78.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[Pg 193]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. MARGARODID&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Margarodes</span>, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>44. Margarodes Amphitritalis, <i>Gu&eacute;n. Delt. et Pyral.</i> 307, 327.</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Hindostan.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Neurina</span>, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>45. Neurina Procopialis, <i>Cram. Pap. Exot.</i> iv. 152, pl. 368. f. E.
+(Phal&aelig;na Pyralis Procopia.)</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Hindostan and Java.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. ENNOMID&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Bulonga</span>, n. g.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p><i>Corpus</i> gracile. <i>Proboscis</i> brevissima. <i>Palpi</i> breves, porrecti,
+angulati. <i>Antenn&aelig;</i> simplices. <i>Abdomen</i> conicum. <i>Pedes</i> graciles,
+nudi, calcaribus non longis, tibiis anticis brevissimis. <i>Al&aelig;</i> sat lat&aelig;;
+antic&aelig; acut&aelig;, margine exteriore sat obliquo; postic&aelig; abdomen superantes.</p>
+
+<p>Body slender. Proboscis very short. Palpi as long as the breadth of the
+head; second joint obliquely ascending; third porrect, rather shorter
+than the second, with which it forms an obtuse angle. Antenn&aelig; simply
+filiform. Abdomen conical. Legs slender, bare; spurs rather short; fore
+tibi&aelig; very short. Wings rather broad; fore wings rectangular at the
+tips; costa hardly convex; exterior border rather oblique. Hind wings
+with the interior angle prominent, acute.</p>
+
+<p>46. <span class="smcap">Bulonga schistacearia</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Glauco-cinerea, alis
+nitentibus, linea marginali nigra fimbria interlineata, anticis fusco
+quadrilineatis, posticis trilineatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Glaucous-cinereous, paler beneath. Head and palpi reddish.
+Wings shining; marginal line black; fringe pale cinereous, including a
+darker line. Fore wings with four straight oblique brown lines; second
+line broader than the first, apparent also on the hind wings; third
+narrower and darker than the others, blackish, and still more distinct
+on the hind wings, where it is bordered with whitish on the outer side;
+fourth more indistinct than the others, still more indistinct on the
+hind wings. Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 16 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. AMPHIDASYD&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Daristane</span>, n. g.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p><i>Mas.</i> <i>Corpus</i> robustum. <i>Proboscis</i> brevissima. <i>Palpi</i> validi, breves
+obtusi, oblique ascendentes; articulus tertius minimus. <i>Antenn&aelig;</i>
+setace&aelig;, simplices. <i>Abdomen</i> conicum, alas posticas non superans.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[Pg 194]</a></span>
+<i>Pedes</i> validi, breviusculi; tibi&aelig; antic&aelig; brevissim&aelig;, posteriores
+latissimae, calcaribus longis. <i>Al&aelig;</i> breviuscul&aelig;, sat lat&aelig;; antic&aelig;
+acut&aelig;.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Body robust. Proboscis very short. Palpi short, stout, obtuse,
+obliquely ascending; third joint very small. Antenn&aelig; setaceous, simple.
+Abdomen conical, not extending beyond the hind wings. Legs stout, rather
+short; tibi&aelig; pilose; fore tibi&aelig; very short; posterior tibi&aelig; very broad,
+especially the middle pair. Wings rather short, moderately broad. Fore
+wings straight along the costa, acutely rectangular at the tips;
+exterior border rather oblique.</p>
+
+<p>47. <span class="smcap">Daristane tibiaria</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Cinerea, nitens, alis nigro
+conspersis, fascia media rufescente non bene determinata, anticis costa
+albida nigro punctata.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Cinereous, shining, a little paler beneath. Wings speckled with
+black; an indistinct oblique reddish middle band; costa of the fore
+wings whitish, with black points. Length of the body 5 lines; of the
+wings 12 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. PALYAD&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Eumelea</span>, <i>Duncan</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>48. Eumelea Rosaliata, <i>Cram. Pap. Exot.</i> iv. 152, pl. 368. f. F.
+(Phal&aelig;na Geometra Rosalia.)</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Amboyna.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. EPHYRID&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Ephyra</span>, <i>Duponchel</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>49. <span class="smcap">Ephyra quadristriaria</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Rufescens, subtus flava, alis
+flavis rufescente conspersis, fascia exteriore perobliqua rufescente,
+anticis acutis, lituris duabus costalibus obliquis fuscis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Reddish, yellow beneath. Proboscis short. Palpi short,
+slightly ascending; third joint linear, obtuse, a little shorter than
+the second. Antenn&aelig; short, stout, setaceous. Abdomen not extending
+beyond the hind wings. Legs bare, rather long and slender; spurs long.
+Wings yellow, with reddish speckles, and with a straight reddish band,
+which extends from beyond the middle of the interior border of the hind
+wings to the tips of the fore wings. Fore wings acute, with two oblique
+brown costal marks; exterior border rather oblique. Length of the body 4
+lines; of the wings 12 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Anisodes</span>, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>50. <span class="smcap">Anisodes expunctaria</span>, n. s. <i>F&oelig;m.</i> Luteo-cervina, palpis longis
+angulatis, antennis breviusculis, alis ferrugineo subconspersis, linea
+media fusca undulata valde indistincta, lineis interiore et exteriore e
+punctis nigris, punctis marginalibus nigris.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[Pg 195]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Female.</i> Pale luteous fawn colour. Proboscis short. Palpi long,
+slightly decumbent; third joint a little shorter than the second, with
+which it forms an obtuse angle. Antenn&aelig; simple, short. Wings minutely
+and indistinctly sprinkled with ferruginous; a brown, diffuse,
+undulating, very indistinct middle line, which is obsolete in the hind
+wings; interior and exterior lines indicated by widely separated black
+points; marginal points black. Fore wings rectangular at the tips;
+exterior border slightly oblique. Length of the body 6 lines; of the
+wings 8 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. ACIDALID&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Synegia</span>, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>51. Synegia botydaria, <i>Gu&eacute;n. Uran. et Phal.</i> i. 423. 694.</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Borneo.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Drapetodes</span>, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>52. Drapetodes mitaria, <i>Gu&eacute;n. Uran. et Phal.</i> i. 424. 695.</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Hindostan.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Timandra</span>, <i>Duponchel</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>53. <span class="smcap">Timandra ajaia</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Glaucescenti-cinerea; antennis setosis,
+alis linea perobliqua fusca antice abbreviata, linea marginali nigra,
+anticis valde acutis, reniformi tenui fusca.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Cinereous, with a glaucous tinge. Proboscis short. Palpi very
+short, obliquely ascending; third joint extremely small. Antenn&aelig; setose,
+somewhat shorter than the body. Wings with a straight, very oblique,
+brown line, which extends from the middle of the interior border of the
+hind wings towards the tip of the fore wings, on approaching which it is
+obsolete; marginal line black. Fore wings very acute; exterior border
+extremely oblique; reniform mark brown, very slender. Hind wings
+extending beyond the abdomen. Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings
+17 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Zanclopteryx</span>, <i>Herr.-Sch&aelig;ffer</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>54. Zanclopteryx saponaria, <i>Herr.-Sch&aelig;ffer, Gu&eacute;n. Uran. et Phal.</i> 11.
+16, 915.</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Ceylon.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. MICRONID&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Micronia</span>, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>55. Micronia rectinervata, <i>Gu&eacute;n. Uran. et Phal.</i> 11. 27, 933.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[Pg 196]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. ZERENID&AElig;.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Stalagmia</span>, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>56. Stalagmia guttaria, <i>Gu&eacute;r. Icon. Regn. Anim. Ins.</i> pl. 90 (Phal&aelig;na).</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<p class="intro"><a name="Catalogue_of_the_Heterocerous_Lepidopterous_Insects_collected_at_Malacca" id="Catalogue_of_the_Heterocerous_Lepidopterous_Insects_collected_at_Malacca"></a>Catalogue of the Heterocerous Lepidopterous Insects collected at Malacca
+by Mr. <span class="smcap">A. R. Wallace</span>, with Descriptions of New Species. By <span class="smcap">Francis
+Walker</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. SPHINGID&AElig;, <i>Leach</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Macroglossa</span>, <i>Ochsenheimer</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>1. Macroglossa Passalus, <i>Drury, Exot. Ins.</i> ii. 52, pl. 29. f. 2
+(Sphinx).</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Hindostan and Java.</p>
+
+<p>2. Macroglossa corythus, <i>Boisd. MSS.</i>; <i>Walk. Cat. Lep. Het.</i> viii. 92.
+14.</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Hindostan, Ceylon, and Java.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. AGARISTID&AElig;, <i>Swainson</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Eusemia</span>, <i>Dalman</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>3. Eusemia maculatrix, <i>Westw.</i> (See Singapore Sp. No. 2.)</p>
+
+<p>4. Eusemia mollis, <i>Walk.</i> (See Singapore Sp. No. 3.)</p>
+
+<p>5. <span class="smcap">Eusemia subdives</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Atra, antennis subpectinatis, abdomine
+fasciis luteis, alis anticis fascia exteriore recta non obliqua
+testacea; posticis ochraceis atro marginatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Deep black. Antenn&aelig; slightly pectinated, slightly hooked at the
+tips. Abdomen with a luteous band on the hind border of each segment.
+Fore wings with an upright, straight, testaceous exterior band, which
+does not extend to the interior border. Hind wings bright ochraceous,
+with a deep black border, which is irregular on the inner side and is
+joined in front to a black spot, the latter, on the under side,
+containing a white curved line. Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings
+28 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. LITHOSIID&AElig;, <i>Stephens</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Nyctemera</span>, <i>H&uuml;bner</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>6. Nyctemera tripunctaria, <i>Linn. Syst. Nat.</i> 864. 226 (Geometra).</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Hindostan and China.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Euschema</span>, <i>H&uuml;bner</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>7. Euschema subrepleta, <i>Walk. Cat. Lep. Het.</i> xi. 406. 3.</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Ceylon and Borneo.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[Pg 197]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. LIPARID&AElig;, <i>Boisduval</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Pantana</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>8. Pantana bicolor, <i>Walk.</i> (See Singapore Sp. No. 17.)</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. ORTHOSID&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Carea</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>9. Carea varipes, <i>Walk. Cat. Lep. Het.</i> x. 475.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. HYBL&AElig;ID&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Hybl&aelig;a</span>, <i>Fabr.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>10. Hybl&aelig;a tortricoides, <i>Gu&eacute;n. Noct.</i> ii. 391.</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Borneo.</p>
+
+<p>11. Hybl&aelig;a erycinoides, <i>Walk. Cat. Lep. Het.</i> xv. 1792.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. PHYLLODID&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Lygniodes</span>, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>12. Lygniodes endoleuca, <i>Gu&eacute;n.</i> (See Singapore Sp. No. 30.)</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. OPHIUSID&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Ophiusa</span>, <i>Ochsenheimer</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>13. Ophiusa fulvot&aelig;nia, <i>Gu&eacute;n. Noct.</i> iii. 272. 1710.</p>
+
+<p>Inhabits also Hindostan, Ceylon, Java, and Sumatra.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. THERMESID&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Cotuza</span>, <i>Walk.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>14. <span class="smcap">Cotuza confirmata</span>, n. s. <i>Mas.</i> Cinereo-ferruginea, robusta, dense
+vestita, subtus alba; palpis latis compressis oblique ascendentibus;
+articulo tertio minimo, antennis plus dimidio basali subpectinatis, alis
+linea, media recta perobliqua nigro-fusca antice angulosa et retracta,
+linea exteriore e denticulis nigro-fuscis albido terminatis, fimbria
+apice alba, alis anticis subhamatis, linea interiore nigro-fusca
+undulata orbiculari nigra punctiformi, reniformi et litura costali albis
+nigro marginatis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Male.</i> Cinereous-ferruginous, stout, densely pilose, white beneath.
+Palpi broad, compressed, obliquely ascending, not rising higher than the
+head; third joint obtuse, extremely short. Antenn&aelig; slightly pectinated
+to nearly two-thirds of the length, bare from thence to the tips.
+Abdomen not extending beyond the hind wings. Legs white;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[Pg 198]</a></span> tibi&aelig;
+ferruginous above. Wings ample; a blackish brown, straight, very oblique
+line, which is zigzag, and retracted towards the costa of the fore
+wings; exterior line composed of blackish-brown, very acute,
+whitish-pointed angles; fringe white exteriorly. Fore wings slightly
+hooked, with an interior undulating blackish-brown line; orbicular mark
+black, punctiform; reniform white, black-bordered, forming a triangular
+spot and an anterior point; a small exterior white costa, with mark.
+Length of the body 11 lines; of the wings 28 lines.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="fam">Fam. ACIDALID&AElig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="gen">Gen. <span class="smcap">Zanclopteryx</span>, <i>Herr.-Sch&aelig;ff.</i></p>
+
+<div class="define">
+<p>15. Zanclopteryx saponaria, <i>Herr.-Sch&aelig;ff.</i> (See Singapore Species, No.
+54.)<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[Pg 199]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr />
+<h2><a name="INDEX" id="INDEX"></a>INDEX.</h2>
+
+
+
+<p style="margin-left: 35%">                       Page</p>
+<ul class="IX">
+<li>  Ach&aelig;a mercatoria, <i>Fabr.</i><a href="#Page_191">  191</a></li>
+
+<li>  Achias longividens, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_121">  121</a>
+<ul><li>    latividens, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_121">  121</a></li>
+<li>    amplividens, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_122">  122</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Achiides, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_121">  121</a></li>
+
+<li>  Acidalid&aelig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i><a href="#Page_195">  195</a>,<a href="#Page_198">  198</a></li>
+
+<li>  Adraga, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_82">  82</a>
+<ul><li>    univitta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_82">  82</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Adrama, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_117">  117</a>
+<ul><li>    selecta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_118">  118</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Agaristid&aelig;, <i>Swainson</i><a href="#Page_183">  183</a>,<a href="#Page_196">  196</a></li>
+
+<li>  Agathis fumipennis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_176">  176</a>
+<ul><li>    modesta, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_25">  25</a></li>
+<li>    nitida, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_26">  26</a></li>
+<li>    sculpturalis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_25">  25</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Agenia, Alcyone, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_155">  155</a>
+<ul><li>    Althea, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_154">  154</a></li>
+<li>    Amalthea, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_155">  155</a></li>
+<li>    bimaculata, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_13">  13</a></li>
+<li>    blanda, <i>Gu&eacute;r.</i><a href="#Page_13">  13</a>,<a href="#Page_154">  154</a></li>
+<li>    Callisto, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_154">  154</a></li>
+<li>    jucunda, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_154">  154</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Alastor apicatus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_166">  166</a>
+<ul><li>    unifasciatus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_165">  165</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Allodape nitida, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_134">  134</a></li>
+
+<li>  Ammophila insolata, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_14">  14</a></li>
+
+<li>  Amorphopus, <i>Bell</i><a href="#Page_27">  27</a>
+<ul><li>    cylindraceus, <i>Bell</i><a href="#Page_27">  27</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Amphidasyd&aelig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i><a href="#Page_193">  193</a></li>
+
+<li>  Anas punctata, <i>Cuvier</i><a href="#Page_33">  33</a></li>
+
+<li>  Andrenid&aelig;, <i>Leach</i><a href="#Page_5">  5</a>,<a href="#Page_132">  132</a></li>
+
+<li>  Angitula, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_123">  123</a>
+<ul><li>    longicollis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_123">  123</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Anisodes expunctaria, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_194">  194</a></li>
+
+<li>  Anomis mutilata, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_189">  189</a></li>
+
+<li>  Anthomyia procellaria, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_108">  108</a></li>
+
+<li>  Anthomyides, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_107">  107</a>,<a href="#Page_130">  130</a></li>
+
+<li>  Anthophora elegans, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_135">  135</a>
+<ul><li>    zonata, <i>Linn.</i><a href="#Page_8">  8</a>,<a href="#Page_135">  135</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Anthrax degenera, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_90">  90</a>
+<ul><li>    pelops, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_90">  90</a></li>
+<li>    semiscita, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_90">  90</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Apis zonata, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_8">  8</a></li>
+
+<li>  Argiva hieroglyphica, <i>Drury</i><a href="#Page_191">  191</a></li>
+
+<li>  Argonauta tuberculosa<a href="#Page_34">  34</a></li>
+
+<li>  Aricia canivitta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_107">  107</a></li>
+
+<li>  Aricia significans, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_107">  107</a>
+<ul><li>    squalens, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_130">  130</a></li>
+<li>    vicaria, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_130">  130</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Artaxa varians, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_189">  189</a></li>
+
+<li>  Asilid&aelig;, <i>Leach</i><a href="#Page_83">  83</a>,<a href="#Page_128">  128</a></li>
+
+<li>  Asilites, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_87">  87</a></li>
+
+<li>  Asilus longistylus, <i>Wied.</i><a href="#Page_88">  88</a>
+<ul><li>    superveniens, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_128">  128</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Attacus Atlas, <i>Linn.</i><a href="#Page_188">  188</a></li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li>  Baccha purpuricola, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_129">  129</a></li>
+
+<li>  Bee, death of the Common Hive Bee occasioned by a parasitic fungus<a href="#Page_29">  29</a></li>
+
+<li>  Bembex melancholica, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_160">  160</a>
+<ul><li>    trepanda, <i>Dahlb.</i><a href="#Page_15">  15</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Bembicid&aelig;, <i>Westw.</i><a href="#Page_15">  15</a></li>
+
+<li>  Bengalia spissa, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_107">  107</a></li>
+
+<li>  Bibionid&aelig;, <i>Haliday</i><a href="#Page_77">  77</a></li>
+
+<li>  Bizone hamata, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_186">  186</a></li>
+
+<li>  Bombilid&aelig;, <i>Leach</i><a href="#Page_90">  90</a></li>
+
+<li>  Bombyx subnotata, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_188">  188</a></li>
+
+<li>  Bombycid&aelig;<a href="#Page_188">  188</a></li>
+
+<li>  Bombylites, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_90">  90</a></li>
+
+<li>  Bracon abdominalis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_175">  175</a>
+<ul><li>    albo-marginatus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_174">  174</a></li>
+<li>    basalis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_174">  174</a></li>
+<li>    exoletus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_175">  175</a></li>
+<li>    insinuator, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_24">  24</a></li>
+<li>    intrudens, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_24">  24</a>,<a href="#Page_176">  176</a></li>
+<li>    nigripennis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_175">  175</a></li>
+<li>    nitidus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_175">  175</a></li>
+<li>    pallifrons, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_176">  176</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Braconid&aelig;<a href="#Page_24">  24</a></li>
+
+<li>  Brea, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_117">  117</a>
+<ul><li>    contraria, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_117">  117</a></li>
+<li>    discalis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_117">  117</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Briarda plagifera, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_189">  189</a></li>
+
+<li>  Bulonga, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_193">  193</a>
+<ul><li>    schistacearia, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_193">  193</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+
+<li>  C&oelig;lyoxys fulvifrons, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_7">  7</a></li>
+
+<li>  Calobata Abana, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_124">  124</a>
+<ul><li>    albitarsis, <i>Wied.</i><a href="#Page_124">  124</a></li>
+<li>    indica, <i>Desv.</i><a href="#Page_124">  124</a></li>
+<li>    sepsoides, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_124">  124</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Cardiacephala debilis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_124">  124</a></li>
+
+<li>  Carea varipes, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_197">  197</a></li>
+<li>  Catephid&aelig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i><a href="#Page_190">  190</a></li>
+
+<li>  Ceratina hieroglyphica, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_7">  7</a>
+<ul><li>    viridis, <i>Gu&eacute;r.</i><a href="#Page_7">  7</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Cerceris fuliginosa, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_19">  19</a>
+<ul><li>    instabilis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_18">  18</a></li>
+<li>    unifasciata, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_19">  19</a></li>
+<li>    varipes, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_19">  19</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Cereopsis Nov&aelig; Hollandi&aelig;<a href="#Page_33">  33</a></li>
+
+<li>  Cerea relicta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_93">  93</a>,<a href="#Page_94">  94</a>
+<ul><li>    smaragdina, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_93">  93</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Cetacea, <i>R. Knox</i> on the Anatomy and Natural History of the<a href="#Page_63">  63</a></li>
+
+<li>  Chrysidid&aelig;<a href="#Page_26">  26</a>,<a href="#Page_177">  177</a></li>
+
+<li>  Chrysis insularis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_26">  26</a>
+<ul><li>    purpurea, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_26">  26</a></li>
+<li>    sumptuosa, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_27">  27</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Chrysopila vacillans, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_89">  89</a></li>
+
+<li>  Clitellaria bivittata, <i>Fabr.</i><a href="#Page_80">  80</a></li>
+
+<li>  C&aelig;cila complexa, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_191">  191</a></li>
+
+<li>  C&aelig;lopa inconspicua, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_108">  108</a></li>
+
+<li>  C&aelig;nosia luteicornis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_108">  108</a></li>
+
+<li>  Coturnix pectoralis, <i>Gould</i><a href="#Page_33">  33</a></li>
+
+<li>  Cotuza confirmata, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_197">  197</a></li>
+
+<li>  Crabro (Rhopalum) agilis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_18">  18</a>
+<ul><li>    solitarius, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_162">  162</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Crabronid&aelig;<a href="#Page_18">  18</a></li>
+
+<li>  Crematogaster elegans, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_149">  149</a>
+<ul><li>    insularis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_149">  149</a></li>
+<li>    obscura, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_149">  149</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Crocisa nitidula, <i>Fabr.</i><a href="#Page_134">  134</a></li>
+
+<li>  Cryptocerid&aelig;, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_150">  150</a></li>
+
+<li>  Cryptus scutellatus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_170">  170</a></li>
+
+<li>  Culex scutellaris, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_77">  77</a></li>
+
+<li>  Culicid&aelig;, <i>Haliday</i><a href="#Page_185">  185</a></li>
+
+<li>  Cyclosia nivipetens, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_185">  185</a>
+<ul><li>    submaculans, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_185">  185</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+
+<li>  Dacus expandens, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_114">  114</a>
+<ul><li>    latifascia, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_114">  114</a></li>
+<li>    lativentris, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_115">  115</a></li>
+<li>    longivitta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_115">  115</a></li>
+<li>    mutilloides, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_115">  115</a></li>
+<li>    obtrudens, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_116">  116</a></li>
+<li>    pectoralis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_114">  114</a></li>
+<li>    pompiloides, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_116">  116</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Darabitta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_187">  187</a>
+<ul><li>    strigicosta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_187">  187</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Darantasia, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_186">  186</a>
+<ul><li>    cuneiplena, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_186">  186</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Daristane, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_193">  193</a>
+<ul><li>    tibiaria, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_194">  194</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Dasygastr&aelig;, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_6">  6</a>,<a href="#Page_134">  134</a></li>
+
+<li>  Dasypogon inopinus, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_83">  83</a>
+<ul><li>    honestus, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_83">  83</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Dasypogonites, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_83">  83</a></li>
+
+<li>  Deiopeia detracta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_186">  186</a></li>
+
+<li>  Denudata<a href="#Page_7">  7</a></li>
+
+<li>  Dexia pectoralis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_101">  101</a></li>
+
+<li>  Dexides, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_101">  101</a></li>
+
+<li>  Diaphorus resumens, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_93">  93</a></li>
+
+<li>  Diodon<a href="#Page_76">  76</a></li>
+
+<li>  Dolichopid&aelig;, <i>Leach</i><a href="#Page_91">  91</a></li>
+
+<li>  Dolichopus trigonifer, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_92">  92</a></li>
+
+<li>  Delphinis<a href="#Page_63">  63</a></li>
+
+<li>  Drapetodes mitaria, <i>Gu&eacute;r.</i><a href="#Page_195">  195</a></li>
+
+<li>  Drosophila? finigutta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_126">  126</a>
+<ul><li>    ? imperata, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_126">  126</a></li>
+<li>    ? melanospila, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_126">  126</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Dryomyza semicyanea, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_109">  109</a></li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+
+<li>  Ectatomma rugosa, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_143">  143</a></li>
+
+<li>  Empid&aelig;, <i>Leach</i><a href="#Page_91">  91</a>,<a href="#Page_129">  129</a></li>
+
+<li>  Ennomid&aelig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n.</i><a href="#Page_193">  193</a></li>
+
+<li>  Ephydra? taciturna, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_127">  127</a></li>
+
+<li>  Ephyra quadristriaria, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_194">  194</a></li>
+
+<li>  Ephyrid&aelig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i><a href="#Page_194">  194</a></li>
+
+<li>  Erebid&aelig;, <i>Gu&eacute;ne&eacute;</i><a href="#Page_191">  191</a></li>
+
+<li>  Eristalis conductus, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_95">  95</a>
+<ul><li>    musco&iuml;des, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_96">  96</a></li>
+<li>    resolutus, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_95">  95</a>,<a href="#Page_129">  129</a></li>
+<li>    splendens, <i>Leguillon</i><a href="#Page_95">  95</a></li>
+<li>    suavissimus, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_95">  95</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Evanid&aelig;, <i>Leach</i><a href="#Page_169">  169</a></li>
+
+<li>  Eumelea Rosaliata, <i>Cram.</i><a href="#Page_194">  194</a></li>
+
+<li>  Eumenes architectus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_20">  20</a>
+<ul><li>    arcuata, <i>Fabr.</i><a href="#Page_163">  163</a></li>
+<li>    circinalis, <i>Fabr.</i><a href="#Page_20">  20</a></li>
+<li>    floralis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_20">  20</a></li>
+<li>    fulvipennis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_20">  20</a></li>
+<li>    vindex, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_20">  20</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Eumenid&aelig;, <i>Westw.</i><a href="#Page_19">  19</a>,<a href="#Page_163">  163</a></li>
+
+<li>  Eurygaster decipiens, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_100">  100</a>
+<ul><li>    phasio&iuml;des, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_100">  100</a></li>
+<li>    tentans, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_99">  99</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Euschema subrepleta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_196">  196</a></li>
+
+<li>  Eusemia maculatrix, <i>Westw.</i><a href="#Page_183">  183</a>,<a href="#Page_196">  196</a>
+<ul><li>    mollis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_183">  183</a>,<a href="#Page_196">  196</a></li>
+<li>    subdives, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_196">  196</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+
+<li>  F&oelig;nus gracilis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_169">  169</a></li>
+
+<li>  Formica angulata, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_139">  139</a>
+<ul><li>    cordata, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_137">  137</a></li>
+<li>    coxalis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_136">  136</a></li>
+<li>    flavitarsus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_136">  136</a></li>
+<li>    fragilis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_136">  136</a></li>
+<li>    gracilipes, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_136">  136</a></li>
+<li>    l&aelig;vissima, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_138">  138</a></li>
+<li>    mutilata, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_137">  137</a></li>
+<li>    nitida, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_138">  138</a></li>
+<li>    oculata, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_137">  137</a></li>
+<li>    quadriceps, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_137">  137</a></li>
+<li>    scrutator, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_138">  138</a></li>
+<li>    sericata, <i>Gu&eacute;r.</i><a href="#Page_139">  139</a></li>
+<li>    sexspinosa, <i>Latr.</i><a href="#Page_139">  139</a></li>
+<li>    virescens, <i>Fabr.</i><a href="#Page_135">  135</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Formicid&aelig;<a href="#Page_135">  135</a></li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+
+<li>  Gabaza, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_80">  80</a>
+<ul><li>    argentea, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_80">  80</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Galathea Andrewsii, <i>Sp. Bate</i><a href="#Page_3">  3</a>
+<ul><li>    depressa, <i>Sp. Bate</i><a href="#Page_3">  3</a></li>
+<li>    dispersa, <i>Sp. Bate</i><a href="#Page_3">  3</a></li>
+<li>    nexa<a href="#Page_3">  3</a></li>
+<li>    squamifera, <i>Sp. Bate</i><a href="#Page_3">  3</a></li>
+<li>    strigosa<a href="#Page_2">  2</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Gammarus affinis, <i>M.-Ed.</i><a href="#Page_3">  3</a>
+<ul><li>    Kr&ouml;yii, <i>Rathke</i><a href="#Page_3">  3</a></li>
+<li>    Locusta, <i>Leach</i><a href="#Page_3">  3</a></li>
+<li>    Olivii, <i>M.-Ed.</i><a href="#Page_3">  3</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Geomyzides, <i>Fallen</i><a href="#Page_126">  126</a></li>
+
+<li>  Geron simplex, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_90">  90</a></li>
+
+<li>  Gonopterid&aelig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i><a href="#Page_189">  189</a></li>
+
+<li>  Gorytes constrictus, <i>Latr.</i><a href="#Page_160">  160</a>
+<ul><li>    vagus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_161">  161</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Graptomyza tibialis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_95">  95</a></li>
+
+<li>  Gynoplistia jurgiosa, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_78">  78</a></li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+
+<li>  H&aelig;matophis fuliginosus<a href="#Page_33">  33</a></li>
+
+<li>  Halmaturus Billardierii<a href="#Page_32">  32</a></li>
+
+<li>  Hedychrum flammulatum, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_26">  26</a></li>
+
+<li>  Helomyza atripennis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_109">  109</a>
+<ul><li>    picipes, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_109">  109</a></li>
+<li>    restituta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_109">  109</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Helomyzides, <i>Fallen</i><a href="#Page_108">  108</a></li>
+
+<li>  Helophilus mesoleucus, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_96">  96</a>
+<ul><li>    quadrivittatus, <i>Wied.</i><a href="#Page_96">  96</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Hiaticula bicincta<a href="#Page_33">  33</a></li>
+
+<li>  Hippoboscid&aelig;, <i>Leach</i><a href="#Page_127">  127</a></li>
+
+<li>  Hybos bicolor, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_91">  91</a>
+<ul><li>    deficiens, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_129">  129</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Hybl&aelig;a tortrico&iuml;des, <i>Gu&eacute;n.</i><a href="#Page_197">  197</a></li>
+
+<li>  Hybl&aelig;id&aelig;, <i>Gu&eacute;ne&eacute;</i><a href="#Page_197">  197</a></li>
+
+<li>  Hydromyzides, <i>Haliday</i><a href="#Page_127">  127</a></li>
+
+<li>  Hypena ruralis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_192">  192</a></li>
+
+<li>  Hypenid&aelig;, <i>Herr Sch&aelig;ff.</i><a href="#Page_192">  192</a></li>
+
+<li>  Hypernaria diffundens, <i>Gu&eacute;n.</i><a href="#Page_192">  192</a></li>
+
+<li>  Hypogrammid&aelig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i><a href="#Page_189">  189</a></li>
+
+<li>  Hypsa egens, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_185">  185</a>
+<ul><li>    silvandra, <i>Cram.</i><a href="#Page_185">  185</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+
+<li>  Icaria brunnea, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_167">  167</a>
+<ul><li>    fasciata, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_167">  167</a></li>
+<li>    ferruginea, <i>Sauss.</i><a href="#Page_22">  22</a></li>
+<li>    gracilis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_167">  167</a></li>
+<li>    maculiventris, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_167">  167</a></li>
+<li>    nigra, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_16">  16</a></li>
+<li>    pilosa, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_22">  22</a></li>
+<li>    unicolor, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_168">  168</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Ichneumon insularis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_170">  170</a></li>
+
+<li>  Ichneumonid&aelig;, <i>Leach</i><a href="#Page_23">  23</a>,<a href="#Page_170">  170</a></li>
+
+<li>  Idia &aelig;qualis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_103">  103</a>
+<ul><li>    australis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_103">  103</a></li>
+<li>    testacea, <i>Macq.</i><a href="#Page_130">  130</a></li>
+<li>    xanthogaster, <i>Wied.</i><a href="#Page_130">  130</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Ischnogaster iridipennis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_166">  166</a></li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+
+<li>  Lamprogaster celypho&iuml;des, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_112">  112</a>
+<ul><li>    delectans, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_111">  111</a></li>
+<li>    marginifera, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_111">  111</a></li>
+<li>    quadrilinea, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_111">  111</a></li>
+<li>    scutellaris, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_112">  112</a></li>
+<li>    tetyro&iuml;des, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_112">  112</a></li>
+<li>    ventralis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_131">  131</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Laphria aperta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_87">  87</a>
+<ul><li>    aurifacies, <i>Macq.</i><a href="#Page_84">  84</a></li>
+<li>    comes, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_85">  85</a></li>
+<li>    consobrina, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_84">  84</a></li>
+<li>    consors, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_85">  85</a></li>
+<li>    declarata, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_87">  87</a></li>
+<li>    flagrantissima, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_86">  86</a></li>
+<li>    germana, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_86">  86</a></li>
+<li>    gloriosa, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_84">  84</a></li>
+<li>    justa, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_86">  86</a></li>
+<li>    manifesta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_87">  87</a></li>
+<li>    paradisiaca, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_128">  128</a></li>
+<li>    placens, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_128">  128</a></li>
+<li>    scapularis, <i>Wied.</i><a href="#Page_84">  84</a></li>
+<li>    socia, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_84">  84</a></li>
+<li>    sodalis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_85">  85</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Laphrites, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_128">  128</a></li>
+
+<li>  Larinus maculatus, <i>Falderm.</i><a href="#Page_179">  179</a>
+<ul><li>    mellificus, <i>Jekel</i><a href="#Page_181">  181</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Larra prismatica, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_16">  16</a>
+<ul><li>    simillima, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_159">  159</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Larrada &aelig;dilis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_16">  16</a>
+<ul><li>    aurifrons, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_16">  16</a></li>
+<li>    aurulenta, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_16">  16</a></li>
+<li>    exilipes, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_16">  16</a></li>
+<li>    festinans, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_17">  17</a></li>
+<li>    personata, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_16">  16</a></li>
+<li>    modesta, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_159">  159</a></li>
+<li>    rufipes, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_17">  17</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Larrid&aelig;<a href="#Page_16">  16</a></li>
+
+<li>  Larus pacificus<a href="#Page_33">  33</a></li>
+
+<li>  Lauxania duplicans, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_110">  110</a>
+<ul><li>    minuens, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_110">  110</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Lauxanides, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_110">  110</a></li>
+
+<li>  Lepidosiren<a href="#Page_76">  76</a></li>
+
+<li>  Leptid&aelig;, <i>Westw.</i><a href="#Page_89">  89</a></li>
+
+<li>  Leptis ferruginosa, <i>Wied.</i><a href="#Page_89">  89</a></li>
+
+<li>  Leptogaster albimanus, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_89">  89</a>
+<ul><li>    ferrugineus, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_89">  89</a></li>
+<li>    longipes, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_89">  89</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Leucanid&aelig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i><a href="#Page_188">  188</a></li>
+
+<li>  Limacodid&aelig;, <i>Duponchel</i><a href="#Page_188">  188</a></li>
+
+<li>  Liparid&aelig;, <i>Boisduval</i><a href="#Page_187">  187</a>,<a href="#Page_197">  197</a></li>
+
+<li>  Lissa cylindrica, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_125">  125</a></li>
+
+<li>  Lithosiid&aelig;, <i>Stephens</i><a href="#Page_184">  184</a>,<a href="#Page_196">  196</a></li>
+
+<li>  Lonch&aelig;a inops, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_110">  110</a></li>
+
+<li>  Lygnioides endoleuca, <i>Gu&eacute;n.</i><a href="#Page_190">  190</a>,<a href="#Page_197">  197</a></li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+
+<li>  Macna pomalis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_192">  192</a></li>
+
+<li>  Macroglossa corythus, <i>Boisd.</i><a href="#Page_196">  196</a>
+<ul><li>    Passalus, <i>Drury</i><a href="#Page_196">  196</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Macromeris iridipennis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_156">  156</a>
+<ul><li>    splendida, <i>St. Farg.</i><a href="#Page_13">  13</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Malopteruris<a href="#Page_76">  76</a></li>
+
+<li>  Margarodes amphitritalis, <i>Gu&eacute;n.</i><a href="#Page_193">  193</a></li>
+
+<li>  Margarodid&aelig;, <i>Gu&eacute;ne&eacute;</i><a href="#Page_193">  193</a></li>
+
+<li>  Masca abactalis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_192">  192</a></li>
+
+<li>  Masicera guttata, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_99">  99</a>
+<ul><li>    notabilis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_97">  97</a></li>
+<li>    simplex, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_99">  99</a></li>
+<li>    solennis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_98">  98</a></li>
+<li>    tentata, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_98">  98</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Massicyta cerio&iuml;des, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_78">  78</a>
+<ul><li>    inflata, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_78">  78</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Megachile fulvifrons, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_6">  6</a>
+<ul><li>    incisa, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_6">  6</a></li>
+<li>    insularis<a href="#Page_134">  134</a></li>
+<li>    lateritia<a href="#Page_134">  134</a></li>
+<li>    scabrosa<a href="#Page_134">  134</a></li>
+<li>    terminalis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_7">  7</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Megischus indicus, <i>Westw.</i><a href="#Page_23">  23</a></li>
+
+<li>  Megistocera tuscana, <i>Wied.</i><a href="#Page_78">  78</a></li>
+
+<li>  Meranoplus spinosus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_150">  150</a></li>
+
+<li>  Mesostenus agilis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_171">  171</a>
+<ul><li>    albopictus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_172">  172</a></li>
+<li>    albo-spinosus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_23">  23</a></li>
+<li>    pictus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_171">  171</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Microdon apicalis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_94">  94</a>
+<ul><li>    fulvicornis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_94">  94</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Micronia rectinervata, <i>Gu&eacute;n.</i><a href="#Page_195">  195</a></li>
+
+<li>  Micronid&aelig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i><a href="#Page_195">  195</a></li>
+
+<li>  Miresa curvifera, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_188">  188</a></li>
+
+<li>  Montezumia indica, <i>Sauss.</i><a href="#Page_19">  19</a></li>
+
+<li>  Morphota formosa, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_17">  17</a></li>
+
+<li>  Musca benedicta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_105">  105</a>
+<ul><li>    domestica, <i>Linn.</i><a href="#Page_105">  105</a></li>
+<li>    eristalo&iuml;des, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_106">  106</a></li>
+<li>    gloriosa, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_104">  104</a></li>
+<li>    macularis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_104">  104</a></li>
+<li>    marginifera, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_105">  105</a></li>
+<li>    obscurata, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_105">  105</a></li>
+<li>    obtrusa, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_105">  105</a>,<a href="#Page_130">  130</a></li>
+<li>    opulenta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_104">  104</a></li>
+<li>    patiens, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_106">  106</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Muscid&aelig;, <i>Latr.</i><a href="#Page_97">  97</a>,<a href="#Page_129">  129</a></li>
+
+<li>  Muscides, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_103">  103</a>,<a href="#Page_130">  130</a></li>
+
+<li>  Mutilla carinata, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_150">  150</a>
+<ul><li>    exilis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_151">  151</a></li>
+<li>    manifesta, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_150">  150</a></li>
+<li>    nigra, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_151">  151</a></li>
+<li>    rufogastra, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_9">  9</a></li>
+<li>    sexmaculata, <i>Swed. N. A. Holm.</i><a href="#Page_9">  9</a></li>
+<li>    Sibylla, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_150">  150</a></li>
+<li>    unifasciata, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_9">  9</a></li>
+<li>    volatilis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_9">  9</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Mutillid&aelig;, <i>Leach</i><a href="#Page_9">  9</a>,<a href="#Page_150">  150</a></li>
+
+<li>  Mycetophilid&aelig;, <i>Haliday</i><a href="#Page_77">  77</a></li>
+
+<li>  Mygnimia aspasia, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_157">  157</a>
+<ul><li>    fumipennis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_13">  13</a></li>
+<li>    iridipennis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_13">  13</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Myrmica carinata, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_148">  148</a>
+<ul><li>    mellea, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_148">  148</a></li>
+<li>    parallela, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_147">  147</a></li>
+<li>    scabrosa, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_147">  147</a></li>
+<li>    suspiciosa, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_148">  148</a></li>
+<li>    thoracica, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_148">  148</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Mysticetus<a href="#Page_70">  70</a></li>
+
+<li>  Mythymna inducens, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_188">  188</a></li>
+
+<li>  Myzine tenuicornis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_151">  151</a></li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+
+<li>  Nautilus pompilius, <i>T. H. Huxley</i> on the anatomy of<a href="#Page_36">  36</a></li>
+
+<li>  Nerius duplicatus, <i>Wied.</i><a href="#Page_125">  125</a></li>
+
+<li>  Nerua, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_81">  81</a>
+<ul><li>    scenopino&iuml;des, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_8">  8</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Neurina procopialis, <i>Cram.</i><a href="#Page_193">  193</a></li>
+
+<li>  Nomia cincta, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_132">  132</a>
+<ul><li>    dentata, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_133">  133</a></li>
+<li>    flavipes, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_5">  5</a></li>
+<li>    formosa, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_5">  5</a></li>
+<li>    halioto&iuml;des, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_6">  6</a></li>
+<li>    longicornis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_133">  133</a></li>
+<li>    punctata, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_5">  5</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Notodontid&aelig;, <i>Stephens</i><a href="#Page_187">  187</a></li>
+
+<li>  Nyctalemon Hector, <i>White</i><a href="#Page_183">  183</a></li>
+
+<li>  Nyctemera mundipicta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_184">  184</a>
+<ul><li>    tripunctaria, <i>Linn.</i><a href="#Page_196">  196</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+
+<li>  Obrapa, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_82">  82</a>
+<ul><li>    celypho&iuml;des, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_83">  83</a></li>
+<li>    perilampo&iuml;des, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_82">  82</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Odontomachus malignus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_144">  144</a>
+<ul><li>    simillimus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_144">  144</a></li>
+<li>    tyrannicus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_144">  144</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Odynerus agilis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_164">  164</a>
+<ul><li>    (Ancistrocerus) clavicornis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_21">  21</a></li>
+<li>    fulvipennis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_22">  22</a></li>
+<li>    (Leionotus) insularis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_21">  21</a></li>
+<li>    modestus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_165">  165</a></li>
+<li>    multipictus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_165">  165</a></li>
+<li>    petiolatus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_164">  164</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Ommatius lucifer, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_88">  88</a>
+<ul><li>    noctifer, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_88">  88</a>,<a href="#Page_129">  129</a></li>
+<li>    retrahens, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_88">  88</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Ommatophorid&aelig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i><a href="#Page_191">  191</a></li>
+
+<li>  Ophideres discrepans, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_190">  190</a>
+<ul><li>    Salaminia, <i>Cram.</i><a href="#Page_190">  190</a></li>
+<li>    smaragdipicta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_190">  190</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Ophiderid&aelig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i><a href="#Page_190">  190</a></li>
+
+<li>  Ophisma Umminia, <i>Cram.</i><a href="#Page_191">  191</a></li>
+
+<li>  Ophiusa fulvot&aelig;nia, <i>Gu&eacute;n.</i><a href="#Page_197">  197</a></li>
+
+<li>  Ophiusid&aelig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i><a href="#Page_191">  191</a>,<a href="#Page_197">  197</a></li>
+
+<li>  Ornithomyia parva, <i>Macq.</i><a href="#Page_127">  127</a></li>
+
+<li>  Ortalides, <i>Haliday</i><a href="#Page_111">  111</a>-131</li>
+
+<li>  Ortalis prompta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_118">  118</a>
+<ul><li>    complens, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_118">  118</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Orthoneura basalis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_97">  97</a></li>
+
+<li>  Orthosid&aelig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i><a href="#Page_197">  197</a></li>
+
+<li>  Oscinides, <i>Haliday</i><a href="#Page_125">  125</a></li>
+
+<li>  Oscinis lineiplena, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_125">  125</a>
+<ul><li>    noctilux, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_126">  126</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Oxybelus agilis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_18">  18</a></li>
+
+<li>  Oxyssus maculipennis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_177">  177</a></li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+
+<li>  Pachymenes viridis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_163">  163</a></li>
+
+<li>  Pallura, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_127">  127</a>
+<ul><li>    invaria, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_127">  127</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Palyad&aelig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i><a href="#Page_194">  194</a></li>
+
+<li>  Pantana bicolor, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_187">  187</a>,<a href="#Page_197">  197</a></li>
+
+<li>  Patula macrops, <i>Linn.</i><a href="#Page_191">  191</a></li>
+
+<li>  Pelop&aelig;us bengalensis, <i>Dahlb.</i><a href="#Page_14">  14</a>
+<ul><li>    flavo-fasciatus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_15">  15</a></li>
+<li>    intrudens, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_15">  15</a></li>
+<li>    laboriosus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_154">  154</a></li>
+<li>    madraspatanus, <i>Fabr.</i><a href="#Page_14">  14</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Phaps elegans<a href="#Page_33">  33</a></li>
+
+<li>  Phorid&aelig;, <i>Haliday</i><a href="#Page_127">  127</a></li>
+
+<li>  Phyllodid&aelig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i><a href="#Page_190">  190</a>,<a href="#Page_197">  197</a></li>
+
+<li>  Pidorus constrictus, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_185">  185</a></li>
+
+<li>  Pimpla bracono&iuml;des, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_172">  172</a>
+<ul><li>    ferruginea, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_173">  173</a></li>
+<li>    ochracea, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_172">  172</a></li>
+<li>    penetrans, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_173">  173</a></li>
+<li>    plagiata, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_173">  173</a></li>
+<li>    trimaculata, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_24">  24</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Pinnotherid&aelig;, <i>M. Ed.</i><a href="#Page_27">  27</a></li>
+
+<li>  Pison nitidus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_160">  160</a></li>
+
+<li>  Platydid&aelig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i><a href="#Page_192">  192</a></li>
+
+<li>  Platystoma fusifacies, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_113">  113</a>
+<ul><li>    multivitta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_113">  113</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Plecia dorsalis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_77">  77</a></li>
+
+<li>  Podomyrma, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_145">  145</a>
+<ul><li>    basalis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_147">  147</a></li>
+<li>    l&aelig;vifrons, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_146">  146</a></li>
+<li>    femorata, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_145">  145</a></li>
+<li>    striata<a href="#Page_146">  146</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Polistes diabolicus, <i>Sauss.</i><a href="#Page_168">  168</a>
+<ul><li>    elegans, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_169">  169</a></li>
+<li>    fastidiosus, <i>Sauss.</i><a href="#Page_22">  22</a></li>
+<li>    nigrifrons, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_168">  168</a></li>
+<li>    philippinensis, <i>Sauss.</i><a href="#Page_22">  22</a></li>
+<li>    Picteti, <i>Sauss.</i><a href="#Page_22">  22</a></li>
+<li>    sagittarius, <i>Sauss.</i><a href="#Page_22">  22</a></li>
+<li>    stigma, <i>Sauss.</i><a href="#Page_22">  22</a></li>
+<li>    tepidus, <i>Fabr.</i><a href="#Page_168">  168</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Polyara, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_122">  122</a>
+<ul><li>    insolita, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_123">  123</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Polypterus<a href="#Page_76">  76</a></li>
+
+<li>  Polyrhachis bellicosus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_142">  142</a>
+<ul><li>    geometricus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_141">  141</a></li>
+<li>    Hector, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_142">  142</a></li>
+<li>    irritabilis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_141">  141</a></li>
+<li>    l&aelig;vissimus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_141">  141</a></li>
+<li>    longipes, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_140">  140</a></li>
+<li>    marginatus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_139">  139</a></li>
+<li>    mucronatus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_140">  140</a></li>
+<li>    hostilis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_139">  139</a></li>
+<li>    rufofemoratus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_142">  142</a></li>
+<li>    scutulatus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_140">  140</a></li>
+<li>    serratus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_140">  140</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Pompilid&aelig;, <i>Leach</i><a href="#Page_11">  11</a></li>
+
+<li>  Pompilus analis, <i>Fabr.</i><a href="#Page_11">  11</a>
+<ul><li>    contortus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_12">  12</a></li>
+<li>    deceptor, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_12">  12</a></li>
+<li>    dubius, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_153">  153</a></li>
+<li>    pilifrons, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_12">  12</a></li>
+<li>    saltitans, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_11">  11</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Ponera parallela, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_143">  143</a>
+<ul><li>    quadridentata, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_143">  143</a></li>
+<li>    rugosa, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_142">  142</a></li>
+<li>    sculpturata, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_142">  142</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Priocnemis fervidus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_156">  156</a>
+<ul><li>    pulcherrimus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_156">  156</a></li>
+<li>    rufifrons, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_120">  120</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Prosena argentata, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_102">  102</a></li>
+
+<li>  Prosopis malachisis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_132">  132</a></li>
+
+<li>  Pseudomyrma l&aelig;viceps, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_145">  145</a></li>
+
+<li>  Psilides, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_125">  125</a></li>
+
+<li>  Psilopus &aelig;neus, <i>Fabr.</i><a href="#Page_91">  91</a>
+<ul><li>    benedictus, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_91">  91</a></li>
+<li>    egens, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_92">  92</a></li>
+<li>    lucigena, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_91">  91</a></li>
+<li>    orcifer, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_92">  92</a></li>
+<li>    planicornis, <i>Wied.</i><a href="#Page_92">  92</a></li>
+<li>    terminifer, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_92">  92</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Ptilocera quadridentata, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_78">  78</a></li>
+
+<li>  Puffinus brevicaudus, <i>Brandt</i><a href="#Page_33">  33</a></li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+
+<li>  Rhynchium argentatum, <i>Sauss.</i><a href="#Page_19">  19</a>
+<ul><li>    atrum, <i>Sauss.</i><a href="#Page_19">  19</a></li>
+<li>    h&aelig;morrhoidale, <i>Sauss.</i><a href="#Page_19">  19</a></li>
+<li>    mirabile, <i>Sauss.</i><a href="#Page_163">  163</a></li>
+<li>    parentissimum, <i>Sauss.</i><a href="#Page_19">  19</a></li>
+<li>    superbum, <i>Sauss.</i><a href="#Page_163">  163</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Rhyssa maculipennis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_173">  173</a>
+<ul><li>    vestigator, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_174">  174</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Rutilia angustipennis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_101">  101</a>
+<ul><li>    plumicornis, <i>Gu&eacute;rin</i><a href="#Page_101">  101</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+
+<li>  Salduba, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_79">  79</a>
+<ul><li>    diphyso&iuml;des, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_79">  79</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Salius malignus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_157">  157</a></li>
+
+<li>  Sarcophaga basalis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_129">  129</a>
+<ul><li>    compta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_102">  102</a></li>
+<li>    invaria, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_103">  103</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Sarcophagides, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_102">  102</a></li>
+
+<li>  Sargus complens, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_81">  81</a>
+<ul><li>    metallinus, <i>Fabr.</i><a href="#Page_80">  80</a></li>
+<li>    vagans, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_11">  11</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Saropoda bombiformis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_135">  135</a></li>
+
+<li>  Saturniid&aelig;, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_188">  188</a></li>
+
+<li>  Sciara selecta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_77">  77</a></li>
+
+<li>  Scolia agilis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_10">  10</a>
+<ul><li>    Alecto, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_10">  10</a></li>
+<li>    aurenta, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_9">  9</a></li>
+<li>    erratica, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_9">  9</a></li>
+<li>    fulgidipennis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_152">  152</a></li>
+<li>    fulvipennis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_10">  10</a></li>
+<li>    grossa, <i>Burm.</i><a href="#Page_152">  152</a></li>
+<li>    insularis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_153">  153</a></li>
+<li>    minuta, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_11">  11</a></li>
+<li>    nitida, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_152">  152</a></li>
+<li>    quadriceps, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_153">  153</a></li>
+<li>    terminata, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_10">  10</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Scoliad&aelig;, <i>Leach</i><a href="#Page_151">  151</a></li>
+
+<li>  Scopulipedes, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_8">  8</a></li>
+
+<li>  Sepedon costalis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_110">  110</a></li>
+
+<li>  Sepsides, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_123">  123</a></li>
+
+<li>  Sepsis basifera, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_124">  124</a></li>
+
+<li>  Setina bipunctata, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_185">  185</a></li>
+
+<li>  Silurid&aelig;<a href="#Page_76">  76</a></li>
+
+<li>  Solenopsis cephalotes, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_149">  149</a></li>
+
+<li>  Sphegid&aelig;<a href="#Page_14">  14</a></li>
+
+<li>  Spheniscus minor, <i>Temminck</i><a href="#Page_33">  33</a></li>
+
+<li>  Sphex argentata, <i>Dahl.</i><a href="#Page_157">  157</a>
+<ul><li>    aurifrons, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_157">  157</a></li>
+<li>    gratiosa, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_158">  158</a></li>
+<li>    nitidiventris, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_158">  158</a></li>
+<li>    pr&aelig;dator, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_14">  14</a></li>
+<li>    sepicola, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_158">  158</a></li>
+<li>    sericea, <i>Fabr.</i><a href="#Page_157">  157</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Sphingid&aelig;, <i>Leach</i><a href="#Page_196">  196</a></li>
+
+<li>  Stalagmia guttaria, <i>Gu&eacute;rin</i><a href="#Page_196">  196</a></li>
+
+<li>  Steiria phryganeo&iuml;des, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_190">  190</a></li>
+
+<li>  Stelis abdominalis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_7">  7</a></li>
+
+<li>  Stenophasmus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_169">  169</a>
+<ul><li>    ruficeps, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_170">  170</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Stilbum amethystinum, <i>Fabr.</i><a href="#Page_177">  177</a>
+<ul><li>    splendidum, <i>Fabr.</i><a href="#Page_177">  177</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Stratiomid&aelig;, <i>Haliday</i><a href="#Page_78">  78</a></li>
+
+<li>  Stratiomys confertissima, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_79">  79</a>
+<ul><li>    nexura, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_80">  80</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Sulu australis, <i>Gould</i><a href="#Page_33">  33</a></li>
+
+<li>  Synegia botydaria, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i><a href="#Page_195">  195</a></li>
+
+<li>  Syntomis annosa, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_183">  183</a>
+<ul><li>    chloroleuca, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_183">  183</a></li>
+<li>    xanthomela, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_184">  184</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Sypna subsignata, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_191">  191</a></li>
+
+<li>  Syrphid&aelig;, <i>Leach</i><a href="#Page_93">  93</a>,<a href="#Page_129">  129</a></li>
+
+<li>  Syrphus &aelig;grotus, <i>Fabr.</i><a href="#Page_99">  99</a>
+<ul><li>    ericetorum, <i>Fabr.</i><a href="#Page_99">  99</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+
+<li>  Tabanid&aelig;, <i>Leach</i><a href="#Page_83">  83</a></li>
+
+<li>  Tabanus recusans, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_83">  83</a></li>
+
+<li>  Tachinides, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_97">  97</a></li>
+
+<li>  Tachytes morosus, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_18">  18</a></li>
+
+<li>  Tenthredinid&aelig;<a href="#Page_23">  23</a>,<a href="#Page_177">  177</a></li>
+
+<li>  Tenthredo (Allantus) purpurata, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_23">  23</a></li>
+
+<li>  Thalatta aurigutta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_189">  189</a></li>
+
+<li>  Thereva congrua, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_90">  90</a></li>
+
+<li>  Therevites, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_90">  90</a></li>
+
+<li>  Thermesia? recusata, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_191">  191</a></li>
+
+<li>  Thermesid&aelig;, <i>Gu&eacute;n&eacute;e</i><a href="#Page_191">  191</a>,<a href="#Page_197">  197</a></li>
+
+<li>  Timandra Ajaia, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_195">  195</a></li>
+
+<li>  Tipulid&aelig;<a href="#Page_78">  78</a></li>
+
+<li>  <i>Tr&eacute;hala</i><a href="#Page_178">  178</a></li>
+
+<li>  Tremex insignis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_178">  178</a></li>
+
+<li>  Trigona l&aelig;viceps, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_135">  135</a></li>
+
+<li>  Trupanea contradicens, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_87">  87</a></li>
+
+<li>  Trypeta basalis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_120">  120</a>
+<ul><li>    dorsigutta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_119">  119</a></li>
+<li>    impleta, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_120">  120</a></li>
+<li>    multistriga, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_119">  119</a></li>
+<li>    roripennis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_131">  131</a></li>
+<li>    subocellifera, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_120">  120</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Trypoxylon eximium, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_161">  161</a></li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+
+<li>  Vespa affinis, <i>Fabr.</i><a href="#Page_23">  23</a>
+<ul><li>    fervida, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_23">  23</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Vespid&aelig;, <i>Stephens</i><a href="#Page_19">  19</a>,<a href="#Page_166">  166</a></li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+
+<li>  Ugia disjungens, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_192">  192</a></li>
+
+<li>  Uraniid&aelig;, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_183">  183</a></li>
+
+<li>  Urothoe elegans<a href="#Page_3">  3</a>
+<ul><li>    inostratus, <i>Dana</i><a href="#Page_3">  3</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+
+<li>  Worm-tracks, notice of in London Clay<a href="#Page_31">  31</a></li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+
+<li>  Xarnuta leucotelus, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_108">  108</a></li>
+
+<li>  Xema Jamesonii<a href="#Page_33">  33</a></li>
+
+<li>  Xylocopa &aelig;stuans, <i>Linn.</i><a href="#Page_8">  8</a>,<a href="#Page_135">  135</a>
+<ul><li>    collaris, <i>St. Farg.</i><a href="#Page_8">  8</a></li>
+    <li>    Dejeanii, <i>St. Farg.</i><a href="#Page_8">  8</a></li>
+    <li>    fenestrata, <i>Fabr.</i><a href="#Page_8">  8</a></li>
+    <li>    nobilis, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_8">  8</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+
+<li>  Xylota ventralis, <i>Walk.</i><a href="#Page_96">  96</a></li>
+
+<li>  Xyphidria rufipes, <i>Sm.</i><a href="#Page_177">  177</a></li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+
+<li>  Zanclopteryx saponaria, <i>H. Sch&aelig;ff.</i><a href="#Page_195">  195</a>,<a href="#Page_198">  198</a></li>
+
+<li>  Zerenid&aelig;<a href="#Page_196">  196</a></li>
+
+<li>  Zethus cyanopterus, <i>Sauss.</i><a href="#Page_19">  19</a></li>
+
+<li>  Zyg&aelig;nid&aelig;, <i>Leach</i><a href="#Page_183">  183</a></li>
+
+
+</ul>
+
+
+<p>THE END</p>
+
+
+<p>Printed by <span class="smcap">Taylor</span> and <span class="smcap">Francis</span>, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<h3>Transcriber's Notes:</h3>
+
+<ol>
+<li>Chrysophila changed to Chrysopila in the index to match the text
+referred to.</li>
+<li>Stenophasimis changed to Stenophasmus in the index to match the text
+refered to.</li>
+<li>A number of words occur throughout the book in accented and
+non-accented forms. These were left as in the original text.</li>
+</ol>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Journal of the Proceedings of the
+Linnean Society - Vol. 3, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LINNEAN SOCIETY ***
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean
+Society - Vol. 3, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3
+       Zoology
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: March 6, 2007 [EBook #20750]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LINNEAN SOCIETY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by the Posner Memorial Collection
+(http://posner.library.cmu.edu/Posner/))
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                                 JOURNAL
+
+                                   OF
+
+                             THE PROCEEDINGS
+
+                                   OF
+
+                           THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.
+
+
+                                 ZOOLOGY.
+
+
+                                VOL. III.
+
+
+
+                                 LONDON:
+                  LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, LONGMANS & ROBERTS,
+                                   AND
+                          WILLIAMS AND NORGATE.
+                                  1859.
+
+
+
+                      PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
+                      RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
+
+
+
+
+LIST OF PAPERS.
+
+                                                                  Page
+BAIKIE, Dr.
+
+Extract of a Letter from Dr. Baikie to Sir John Richardson,
+M.D., C.B., F.R. & L.S., dated 29th October, 1857, Rabba,
+on the Qworra                                                       76
+
+BATE, C. SPENCE, Esq., F.L.S.
+
+On the Importance of an Examination of the Structure of the
+Integument of Crustacea in the determination of doubtful
+Species.--Application to the genus _Galathea_, with the
+Description of a New Species of that Genus                           1
+
+BELL, THOMAS, Esq., P.L.S.
+
+Description of a new Genus of Crustacea, of the Family
+Pinnotheridae; in which the fifth pair of legs are reduced to an
+almost imperceptible rudiment                                       27
+
+DARWIN, CHARLES, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., & F.G.S., and
+WALLACE, ALFRED R., Esq.
+
+On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the
+Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of
+Selection                                                           45
+
+HANBURY, DANIEL, Esq., F.L.S.
+
+Note on Two Insect-products from Persia                            178
+
+HIGGINS, Rev. HENRY.
+
+Death of the Common Hive Bee; supposed to be occasioned by
+a parasitic Fungus                                                  29
+
+HUXLEY, T. H., Esq., F.R.S., Professor of Natural
+History, Government School of Mines.
+
+On some points in the Anatomy of _Nautilus Pompilius_               36
+
+KNOX, R., Esq., M.D., F.R.S.E.
+
+Contributions to the Anatomy and Natural History of the Cetacea.    63
+
+SMITH, FREDERICK, Esq., Assistant in the Zoological
+Department in the British Museum.
+
+Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects collected at Celebes by
+Mr. A. R. Wallace                                                    4
+
+Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects collected by Mr. A. R.
+Wallace at the Islands of Aru and Key                              132
+
+WALKER, FRANCIS, Esq., F.L.S.
+
+Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected in the Aru Islands
+by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species              77
+
+Catalogue of the Heterocerous Lepidoptera collected at Singapore
+by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species             183
+
+Catalogue of the Heterocerous Lepidopterous Insects collected
+at Malacca by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New
+Species                                                            196
+
+WALLACE, ALFRED R., Esq., and DARWIN, CHARLES
+Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., & F.G.S.
+
+On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the
+Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of
+Selection                                                           45
+
+WASHINGTON, Captain.
+
+Natural-History Extracts from the Journal of Captain Denham,
+H.M. Surveying Vessel 'Herald,' 1857                                32
+
+WETHERELL, JOHN W., Esq.
+
+Notice of the occurrence of recent Worm Tracks in the Upper
+Part of the London Clay Formation near Highgate                     31
+
+INDEX                                                              199
+
+
+
+
+JOURNAL OF THE PROCEEDINGS
+
+OF THE
+
+LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.
+
+On the Importance of an Examination of the Structure of the Integument
+of Crustacea in the determination of doubtful Species.--Application to
+the genus _Galathea_, with the Description of a New Species of that
+Genus. By SPENCE BATE, Esq., F.L.S.
+
+[Read January 21, 1858.]
+
+
+Of the various genera of Decapod Crustacea none are more interesting, or
+more difficult of description, than those which constitute the family
+Galatheadae.
+
+The interest attaching to these forms arises from the intermediate
+position which they occupy in the natural arrangement of the class,
+their structure placing them between the Macrura and Brachyura; in
+accordance with which we find that, whilst Professor M.-Edwards classes
+them among the Macrura, Professor Bell, in his work on the British
+Crustacea, places them (more correctly, as we think) in the intermediate
+group of Anomura.
+
+This opinion is fully borne out both in the development of the animals
+and in their structure in the adult state.
+
+The early form of the larva bears, anteriorly, a resemblance to the
+Brachyural type, whilst the caudal appendages assimilate to those of the
+Macrura. The same conditions obtain in the young of Anomura. At the time
+of birth, the larva, like that of the Brachyura, has only the two
+gnathopoda developed, whilst the termination of the tail is like that
+of a fish, as in the Macrura. In the adult, the internal antennae possess
+short flagella and complementary appendages, such as exist in the order
+Brachyura, whilst the external antennae have the long and slender
+flagella proper to the Macrura. The _scale_, however, commonly appended
+to the external antennae in the latter order is wanting, a circumstance
+which exhibits a relation to the Brachyura.
+
+An examination of the legs shows that the coxae are fused with the
+thorax, as in the Brachyura, and not articulated with it as in the
+Macrura, whilst, on the other hand, the posterior division and caudal
+termination approach the Macrural type more nearly than that of the
+Brachyura, the animal thus assuming a character intermediate between the
+two orders.
+
+But in the description of the several species of the genus _Galathea_, a
+peculiar difficulty appears to arise, originating in the affinity which
+they bear to each other. So close, in fact, is the approximation, that
+the descriptions of the best writers will scarcely avail for the
+distinction of the individual species without the assistance of figures.
+This arises from the fact that the general characters, upon which the
+descriptions are based, vary, in this genus, only in their comparative
+degrees of development.
+
+In the three species recognized in Professor Bell's work on the British
+Crustacea, it will be found that each species retains the same
+characters in greater or less degree.
+
+_Galathea strigosa_ is peculiar for the spinous character of the
+carapace and cheliform legs. Every spine, however, is repeated in both
+the other species, only less developed. We find the rostrum furnished
+with four lateral teeth on each side, a character which also exists in
+each of the other species; and although close observation may detect a
+slightly different arrangement in the relative position of these teeth,
+the differences are not of sufficient importance to enable a naturalist
+thence to derive a specific distinction, unless the peculiarity is
+seconded by some more unqualified character less liable to be affected
+by any peculiarity of condition.
+
+In order to arrive at more certain results in the identification of
+species, we think that the microscopic examination of the surface of the
+integument will be found peculiarly useful.
+
+This mode of examination of species may also be applied to a
+considerable extent throughout the Crustacea generally with great
+advantage; and if found valuable in recent, there can be no doubt that
+it will prove of far greater importance in extinct forms, where parts
+on which the identification of species visually rests are lost, and
+fragments only of the animal obtainable.
+
+It should be borne in mind that, as the structure in question undergoes
+modifications more or less considerable in different parts of the
+animal, it will always be advisable to compare the corresponding parts
+with each other.
+
+Applying this test to the known species of _Galathea,_ we perceive that
+the structure of the integument upon the arms, independent of the
+marginal spines, exhibits a squamiform appearance, but that the scales,
+which characterise the structure, possess features peculiar to each
+species.
+
+In _Galathea strigosa_ the scales are convex, distant from each other,
+smooth at the edge, and fringed with long hairs. In _G. squamifera_ they
+are convex, closely placed, scalloped at the edge, and without hairs. In
+_G. nexa_ the scales are obsolete, tufts of hair representing the
+supposed edges. In _G. depressa_, n. sp., the scales are broad, less
+convex than in _G. strigosa_ and _G. squamifera_, smooth, closely set,
+and fringed with short hairs. In _G. Andrewsii_ they are small, distant,
+very convex, tipped with red, and slightly furnished with hair.
+
+As another instance of the practical application of the microscopical
+examination of the surface, I would refer to two species of Amphipoda,
+classed by Leach under the name of _Gammarus Locusta_, from his
+inability to assign them any separate specific characters. In the
+structure of their integuments, however, these two forms will be found
+to exhibit widely different microscopical appearances.
+
+Again, there exists in the same group three or four species, the
+description of any one of which would apply to either of the others; and
+it is probable they would never have been ranked as separate species had
+not their habitats been geographically distant. Thus _Gammarus Olivii_,
+M.-Ed., _G. affinis_, M.-E., _G. Kroeyii_, Rathke, and _G. gracilis_, R.,
+can only be specifically determined by a microscopic examination of the
+integument.
+
+The same may be said of other Amphipoda, such as _Urothoe inostratus_,
+Dana, from South America, which so nearly resembles in form the _U.
+elegans_ of the British shores.
+
+
+GALATHEA DISPERSA, mihi.
+
+_G._ rostro brevi, dentibus 4 utrinque ornato, 2 anterioribus minoribus;
+pedibus anterioribus elongatis, sparse spiosus; chelarum digitis
+parallelis.
+
+Galathea with short rostrum, armed on each side with 4 teeth, the two
+posterior being less important than the two anterior. The fingers of the
+chelae impinge through their whole length; outer margin of the hand
+furnished with 3 or 4 small spines.
+
+_Hab._ Trawling-ground, Plymouth, common; Moray Frith, Scotland.
+
+This species unites _G. Andrewsii_ with _G. nexa_, and, I think, has
+often been mistaken for the young of the latter; but _G. nexa_, so far
+as my experience goes, is a species peculiar to the north of England,
+whereas _G. dispersa_, I anticipate, will be found to be the most
+universally dispersed, in deep water, of any of the species known. It
+can always be detected from _G. nexa_ by the form of the hand and the
+manner in which the fingers impinge: in _G. nexa_ the hand is broad
+towards the extremity, and the fingers meet only at the apex; in _G.
+dispersa_ the hand gradually narrows to the apex, and the fingers meet
+each other through their whole length, the inner margin of the finger
+being finely serrated, the thumb not.
+
+It also may be distinguished from _G. Andrewsii_ by the breadth of the
+hands, which are narrow and round in _G. Andrewsii_, and moderately
+broad and flat in _G. dispersa_.
+
+By an examination of the texture of the integument under a magnifying
+power of low degree, the surface of _G. dispersa_ will be seen
+distinctly to differ from that of any of the others; it is covered with
+flat scales, fringed with short cilia. The length of the animal,
+including the arms, is about 2-1/4 inches.
+
+
+
+
+Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects collected at Celebes by Mr. A. R.
+WALLACE. By FREDERICK SMITH, Esq., Assistant in the Zoological
+Department, British Museum. Communicated by W. W. SAUNDERS, Esq.,
+F.R.S., F.L.S.
+
+[Read April 15th, 1858.]
+
+
+This collection of the Hymenoptera of Celebes is specially interesting,
+as adding greatly to our knowledge of the geographical range of many
+well-known species, while the additions made to the Fossorial group
+contain many of great beauty and rarity. A new species belonging to the
+tribe of Solitary Wasps, _Odynerus clavicornis_, is perhaps the most
+interesting insect in the collection; this Wasp has clavate antennae, the
+flagellum being broadly dilated towards the apex, convex above and
+concave beneath. I am not acquainted with any other insect belonging to
+the Vespidious group which exhibits such an anomaly.
+
+
+Fam. ANDRENIDAE, _Leach._
+
+Gen. SPHECODES, _Latr._
+
+1. SPHECODES INSULARIS. _S._ niger, abdominis segmentis primo secundo et
+tertio (basi) rubris; alis hyalinis.
+
+_Male._ Length 3-1/2 lines. Head and thorax black, closely and strongly
+punctured; the face below the antennae with silvery-white pubescence; the
+joints of the flagellum submoniliform; the mandibles ferruginous.
+Thorax: the tegulae pale rufo-testaceous, wings hyaline, the nervures
+ferruginous; the metathorax coarsely rugose; the articulations of the
+legs and the tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen: the first, second, and base of
+the third segments red, the apical ones black, very finely and closely
+punctured, with the apical margins of the segments smooth and shining; a
+black spot in the middle of the basal segment.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+Gen. NOMIA, _Latr._
+
+1. NOMIA PUNCTATA. _N._ nigra nitida punctata, alis nigro-fuscis.
+
+_Male._ Length 4-1/2 lines. Shining black: head and thorax coarsely
+punctured, the metathorax ruggedly sculptured, truncate at the apex, the
+truncation and sides smooth with a few fine punctures; the abdomen
+closely and rather finely punctured, the apical margins of the segments
+smooth and shining. The tips of the mandibles, the tarsi and apex of the
+abdomen rufo-testaceous, the wings fuscous.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+2. NOMIA FLAVIPES. _N._ nigra pedibus flavis, abdomine cinereo fasciato,
+alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 3-1/4 lines. Black; the face and cheeks densely clothed
+with short cinereous pubescence, the vertex thinly so; the margins of
+the prothorax, mesothorax and scutellum with a line of pale ochraceous
+pubescence, the disk of the thorax thinly covered with short pubescence
+of the same colour, the emargination of the metathorax as well as its
+sides with longer pubescence of the same colour; the base of the abdomen
+and basal margin of the second and following segments covered with short
+cinereous pubescence. The flagellum beneath fulvous; the mandibles
+ferruginous. The legs reddish-yellow, with the coxae and base of the
+femora black; the wings hyaline; the tegulae yellow, the nervures pale
+testaceous.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+3. NOMIA FORMOSA. _N._ capite thoraceque nigris; abdomine chalybeo;
+marginibus apicalibus segmentorum caeruleo fasciatis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Head and thorax black and very closely
+punctured; the face covered with griseous pubescence; the clypeus with a
+central longitudinal carina. Thorax: the apical margin of the prothorax,
+the margins of the scutellum, and the sides of the metathorax covered
+with a dense short ochraceous pubescence; the disk of the thorax thinly
+sprinkled with short black hairs; the posterior tibiae obscurely
+ferruginous; the tarsi ferruginous; the legs covered with bright
+golden-yellow pubescence; wings subhyaline, the nervures ferruginous;
+the tegulae yellow with a fuscous stain in the middle. Abdomen obscurely
+chalybeous, closely punctured, the two basal segments strongly so; the
+apical margins of the segments with smooth shining narrow blue fasciae.
+
+_Male._ Closely resembling the female, but with the legs black; the
+posterior femora incrassate, the tibiae narrow at their base and broadly
+dilated at their apex, which, as well as the calcaria, are pale
+testaceous.
+
+This species closely resembles a species from North China, _N.
+chalybeata_, Westw. MS., from which it is readily distinguished by the
+form of the fourth ventral segment, which is notched in the middle,
+rounded, and then emarginate with the lateral angles rounded; in the
+species from China the margin is arched, and fringed with fulvous
+pubescence.
+
+4. NOMIA HALIOTOIDES. _N._ nigra, pube cinerea tecta, abdominis
+segmentis intermediis pube alba fasciatis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4-1/2 lines. Black; head and thorax opake, and thinly
+clothed with cinereous pubescence, that on the disk of the thorax and
+margin of the scutellum slightly ochraceous. The flagellum fulvous
+beneath, the mandibles ferruginous at their apex; the tarsi ferruginous,
+wings hyaline, nervures fuscous, stigma testaceous. Abdomen shining,
+delicately punctured; the basal margins of the second, third, and fourth
+segments with a band of cinereous pubescence, attenuated in the middle.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+
+Fam. DASYGASTRAE.
+
+1. MEGACHILE INCISA. _M._ nigra, rude et dense punctata, facie fulvo
+pubescente; alis fuscis, segmentis abdominis marginibus multo depressis.
+
+_Male._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Black; closely and strongly punctured, the
+punctures confluent on the abdomen. The face clothed with fulvous
+pubescence. The tarsi obscurely rufo-piceous, the claws ferruginous;
+wings dark fuscous, their base hyaline. Abdomen: the apical margins of
+the segments smooth, impunctate, their basal margins very deeply
+depressed; a deep fovea at the tip of the apical segment; the head,
+thorax, and abdomen clothed beneath with short cinereous pubescence.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+2. MEGACHILE FULVIFRONS. _M._ nigra, delicatule punctata; facie dense
+fulvo pubescente; thoracis lateribus abdomineque subtus fulvo
+pubescentibus; fasciis marginalibus abdominis fulvis.
+
+_Female._ Length 7 lines. Black; head and thorax closely punctured, the
+abdomen delicately so and shining; the mandibles stout, with two acute
+teeth at their apex, shining and covered with oblong punctures; the
+face, sides of the thorax, and abdomen beneath, densely clothed with
+fulvous pubescence; the apical margins of the segments of the abdomen
+above with narrow fasciae of short fulvous pubescence; the abdomen in
+certain lights has a metallic tinge.
+
+The _male_ is similarly clothed to the female, the margins of the
+segments are deeply depressed, and that of the apical segment slightly
+notched in the middle.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+3. MEGACHILE TERMINALIS. _M._ nigra, capite thoraceque dense punctatis;
+abdomine pube nigra vestito; segmentis duobus apicalibus pube alba
+vestitis; alis fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Length 9 lines. Black; the face with tufts of black pubescence
+above the insertion of the antennae; mandibles very stout, with an acute
+tooth at their apex, the inner margin subdentate, and covered with fine
+cinereous pubescence. Thorax with black pubescence at the sides of the
+metathorax; the wings dark fuscous. Abdomen clothed with black
+pubescence; the fifth and sixth segments clothed with ochraceous
+pubescence above, that on the sixth nearly white.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+This species resembles the _M. ornata_; but when viewed beneath, the
+different colour of the pollen-brush at once separates them.
+
+Gen. CERATINA, _Spin._
+
+1. Ceratina viridis, _Guer. Icon. Reg. Ann._ 444. t. 73. f. 6.
+
+_Hab._ India (Bengal, N. India), Ceylon, Celebes, China.
+
+2. Ceratina hieroglyphica, _Smith_, _Cat. Hym. Ins._ ii. 226.
+
+_Hab._ Northern India, Celebes, Philippine Islands, Hong Kong.
+
+
+Fam. DENUDATAE.
+
+1. STELIS ABDOMINALIS. _S._ dense punctata, capite thoraceque nigris,
+abdomine ferrugineo; alis nigro-fuscis violaceo iridescentibus.
+
+_Male._ Length 5 lines. Head and thorax black, abdomen ferruginous; head
+and thorax strongly punctured, the scutellum very strongly so; the sides
+of the face and the anterior margin of the face fringed with white
+pubescence. The posterior margin of the scutellum rounded; wings dark
+brown with a violet iridescence. Abdomen ferruginous and closely
+punctured.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+2. COELIOXYS FULVIFRONS. _C._ nigra, rude punctata, facie pube fulva
+vestita; alis fuscis cupreo iridescentibus.
+
+_Male._ Length 6 lines. Black; the head and thorax with large confluent
+punctures; the face clothed with fulvous pubescence. Thorax: a stout
+tooth on each side of the scutellum at its base; wings dark brown with a
+coppery effulgence, subhyaline at their base; beneath clothed with short
+cinereous pubescence. Abdomen: elongate, conical; closely punctured,
+with the apical and basal margins of the segments smooth; the apical
+segment with a tooth on each side at its base and four at its apex;
+beneath the margins of the segments fringed with pale pubescence; the
+apical margin of the fourth segment notched in the middle; the fifth
+entirely clothed with pale pubescence.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+
+Fam. SCOPULIPEDES.
+
+Gen. ANTHOPHORA, _Latr._
+
+1. Anthophora zonata, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ i. 955. 19.
+
+_Hab._ India, Ceylon, Malacca, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippine Islands, Hong
+Kong, Shanghai, Celebes.
+
+Gen. XYLOCOPA, _Latr._
+
+1. Xylocopa fenestrata, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 339. 6. [Symbol: male].
+
+_Hab._ India, Celebes.
+
+2. Xylocopa aestuans, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 961. 53.
+
+_Hab._ India, Java, Singapore, Celebes.
+
+3. Xylocopa Dejeanii, _St. Farg. Hym._ ii. 209. 59.
+
+_Hab._ Java, Borneo, Sumatra, Celebes.
+
+4. Xylocopa collaris, _St. Farg. Hym._ ii. 189. 26.
+
+_Hab._ India, Sumatra, Malacca, Borneo, Celebes.
+
+5. XYLOCOPA NOBILIS. _X._ nigra, pube nigra induta; abdominis basi pube
+flava, apice lateritio.
+
+_Female._ Length 11 lines. Black; a narrow line of pale fulvous
+pubescence on the margin of the thorax in front, a patch of the same
+colour on each side of the metathorax, and the basal segment of the
+abdomen covered above with similar pubescence; the apical margin of the
+third and fourth segments, and the fifth and six entirely, covered with
+bright brick-red pubescence; the wings black, with coppery iridescence.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+
+Fam. SOCIALES.
+
+1. APIS ZONATA. _A._ nigra, thoracis lateribus dense ochraceo
+pubescentibus; alis fumatis; abdomine nitido, segmentis secundo tertio
+quartoque basi niveo pubescentibus.
+
+_Worker._ Length 8--8-1/2 lines. Black; the head and thorax opake, the
+abdomen shining; the clypeus smooth and shining, the flagellum
+rufo-piceous beneath; the anterior margin of the labrum narrowly, and
+the apex of the mandibles, ferruginous; the face with a little fine
+short cinereous pubescence above the insertion of the antennae; the
+vertex with long black pubescence; the eyes covered with short black
+pubescence. Thorax: the sides with ochraceous pubescence; wings smoky,
+the superior pair darkest at their anterior margin beyond the stigma.
+Abdomen: a snow-white band at the basal margin of the second, third, and
+fourth segments, the bands continued beneath, but narrower.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes, Philippine Islands.
+
+Specimens of this species denuded of their white bands would approach
+the _A. unicolor_ of Latreille; but that insect is described as having
+the anterior wings black; in the present species both pairs are of the
+same smoky colour, not approaching black.
+
+
+Fam. MUTILLIDAE.
+
+Gen. MUTILLA.
+
+1. Mutilla sexmaculata, _Swed. Nov. Act. Holm._ viii. 286. 44. [Symbol:
+female]. Mutilla fuscipennis, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ 436. 35. [Symbol:
+male].
+
+_Hab._ India (Punjaub, &c.), China, Java, Celebes.
+
+2. Mutilla unifasciata, _Smith_, _Cat. Hym._ pt. iii. p. 38.
+
+_Hab._ India, Celebes.
+
+3. Mutilla rufogastra, _St. Farg. Hym._ iii. 629. 51. [Symbol: male].
+
+_Hab._ India, Celebes.
+
+4. MUTILLA VOLATILIS. _M._ nigra, rude punctata et pubescens; capite
+abdomineque nitidis, alis fusco-hyalinis.
+
+_Male._ Length 5-6 lines. Black. Head and thorax very coarsely
+punctured; head and disk of the thorax punctured; the metathorax opake,
+with a central abbreviated channel and covered with large shallow
+punctures; the eyes notched on their inner margin; wings fuscous and
+iridescent; the tegulae smooth and shining. Abdomen shining and rather
+finely punctured; the basal segment narrow and campanulate; the margins
+of the segments thickly fringed with silvery-white hair; the cheeks,
+sides of the thorax, and beneath the legs and abdomen with scattered
+long silvery-white hairs.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+
+Fam. SCOLIADAE, _Leach._
+
+Gen. SCOLIA, _Fabr._
+
+1. Scolia erratica, _Smith_, _Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iii. p. 88. 10. Scolia
+verticalis, _Burm. Abh. Nat.-Ges. Halle_, i. 37. 61.
+
+_Hab._ India, Sumatra, Celebes.
+
+2. Scolia aurulenta, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iii. p. 102. 80. (nec
+_Fabr._).
+
+_Hab._ Philippine Islands, Celebes.
+
+3. Scolia fimbriata, _Burm. Abh. Nat.-Ges. Halle_, i. p. 32. 24.
+
+_Hab._ Java, Celebes.
+
+4. Scolia dimidiata, _Guer. Voy. Coq. Zool._ ii. pt. 2. p. 248.
+
+_Hab._ Senegal, Celebes.
+
+5. SCOLIA TERMINATA. _S._ nigra, clypeo mandibulisque flavis, thorace
+flavo variegato, alis hyalinis, abdomine flavo quinque-fasciato,
+apicisque marginibus flavis.
+
+_Male._ Length 5 lines. Black; the clypeus, labrum, and mandibles
+yellow; the former with a triangular black spot in the middle; the
+latter ferruginous at their apex. The posterior margin of the prothorax,
+the tegulae, a transverse curved line on the scutellum, and a spot on the
+postscutellum yellow; the anterior and intermediate tarsi, tibiae, and
+knees, and the posterior tibiae outside, yellow; a black line on the
+intermediate tibiae beneath, and the apical joints of the tarsi fuscous;
+wings hyaline, the nervures ferruginous. Abdomen brightly prismatic; the
+margins of all the segments with a narrow yellow fascia, those on the
+second and third segments terminating at the sides in a large rounded
+macula; the fascia very narrow or obliterated on the sixth segment; the
+fasciae on the second and third segments continued beneath.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+6. SCOLIA AGILIS. _S._ nigra, mandibulis clypeoque flavis, alis
+fulvo-hyalinis, abdomine prismatico flavo quadrifasciato.
+
+_Male._ Length 8 lines. Black and punctured, with thin long griseous
+pubescence; the vertex, disk of the thorax, and the abdomen shining; the
+mandibles and clypeus yellow, the latter with a black bell-shaped spot
+in the middle; wings fulvo-hyaline, the nervures ferruginous; the tibiae
+with a yellow line outside. Abdomen beautifully prismatic; the first and
+three following segments with a yellow fascia on their apical margins,
+the second and two following much attenuated in the middle, or the
+fourth interrupted.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+7. SCOLIA FULVIPENNIS. _S._ nigra, antennis capiteque supra basin
+antennarum rubris, alis fulvo-hyalinis.
+
+_Male._ Length 7 lines. Black; the antennae and the head above their
+insertion ferruginous, the scape black, the head coarsely punctured.
+Thorax: coarsely punctured; the mesothorax with an abbreviated deeply
+impressed line in the middle of its anterior margin; wings
+fulvo-hyaline, the nervures ferruginous; the apex of the wings slightly
+fuscous, the anterior pair with two submarginal cells and one recurrent
+nervure. Abdomen: shining, punctured, and prismatic.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+8. SCOLIA ALECTO. _S._ nigra, capite supra basin antennarum rubro; alis
+nigris violaceo micantibus.
+
+_Female._ Length 14 lines. Black and shining; head red above the
+insertion of the antennae, very smooth and glossy, with a few punctures
+at the sides of and in front of the ocelli; antennae black; the mandibles
+with a fringe of ferruginous hairs on their inferior margin. Thorax:
+smooth on the disk, which has a few scattered punctures at the sides;
+the scutellum punctured and shining; the thorax in front and the
+metathorax with black pubescence, the latter widely emarginate at the
+verge of the truncation, the lateral angles produced; wings black with a
+bright violet iridescence. Abdomen punctured, with the middle of the
+second, third, and fourth segments smooth and shining in the middle; the
+first segment with a smooth shining carina at its base slightly produced
+forwards, the abdomen with a slight metallic lustre. The wings with one
+marginal and three submarginal cells, and one recurrent nervure.
+
+_Male._ Smaller than the female, and differs in having the clypeus red
+and the red colour running down behind the eyes, the antennae longer, and
+the abdomen with a bright metallic iridescence.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+9. SCOLIA MINUTA. _S._ nigra, abdomine iridescente, segmentorum
+marginibus apicalibus flavo fasciatis, alis subhyalinis iridescentibus.
+
+_Male._ Length 4 lines. Head and thorax black and shining, with
+scattered pale pubescence; the mandibles and clypeus yellow, the latter
+with an anchor-shaped black spot. Thorax: the posterior margin of the
+prothorax and the anterior and intermediate tibiae and tarsi yellow; a
+minute yellow spot on the postscutellum yellow; the wings subhyaline,
+the nervures fusco-ferruginous. Abdomen: the apical margins of the
+segments with a narrow yellow border, the second and third uniting with
+a lateral spot; the sixth segment immaculate; the apex pale testaceous.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+
+Fam. POMPILIDAE, _Leach_.
+
+1. Pompilus analis, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 209. 42.
+
+_Hab._ India, Java, Ceylon, Celebes.
+
+2. POMPILUS SALTITANS. _P._ niger, pedibus subferrugineis, prothoracis
+margine postica flava; alis flavo-hyalinis, apice fuscis, abdomine pilis
+cinereis fasciato.
+
+_Female._ Length 6 lines. Black and thinly covered with ashy pile. The
+scape, labrum, mandibles and palpi ferruginous; the clypeus widely
+emarginate anteriorly. The posterior margin of the prothorax angular and
+with a yellow border; the scutellum prominent, covered on each side with
+a dense silvery-white pile, the postscutellum with two spots of the
+same; the wings flavo-hyaline, their apex with a broad dark-fuscous
+border, the nervures ferruginous, the tegulae yellow; the posterior wings
+palest; legs pale ferruginous, the coxae black with their tips pale; the
+apical joints of the tarsi blackish, the spines of the legs black.
+Abdomen: the first, second, and third segments with a fascia of
+silvery-white pile at their basal margins; the apex of the abdomen
+ferruginous.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+3. POMPILUS CONTORTUS. _P._ niger, cinereo-pilosus, prothorace flavo
+postice marginato; alis subhyalinis, marginibus apicalibus fuscis,
+pedibus subferrugineis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Black; the head, thorax, and four basal
+segments of the abdomen covered with ashy pile; the first and second
+segments with their apical margins naked. The scape yellow in front; the
+flagellum beneath, the labrum, mandibles and palpi ferruginous; the
+joints of the antennae arcuate, particularly the apical ones; the apex of
+each joint is oblique, giving the antennae a twisted appearance. Thorax:
+the posterior margin of the prothorax angular and with a broad yellow
+border; the scutellum compressed and prominent; wings subhyaline with a
+broad fuscous border at their apex, the tegulae yellow; legs pale
+ferruginous, with their coxae and trochanters black; the apical joints of
+the tarsi fuscous. Abdomen with a yellow macula at the tip.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+4. POMPILUS PILIFRONS. _P._ niger, facie argenteis pilis dense tecta;
+thorace abdomineque flavo maculatis, alis subhyalinis, apice fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4-1/2 lines. Black; the face densely covered with
+silvery-white pile; a narrow line at the inner orbits of the eyes, the
+palpi and mandibles yellow; the latter ferruginous at their apex. The
+posterior margin of the prothorax rounded and yellow; a minute yellow
+spot on the mesothorax touching the scutellum, the thorax and abdomen
+covered with a changeable silky pile; the wings subhyaline, their
+nervures fuscous, a broad dark fuscous border at the apex of the
+superior pair. A transverse spot on each side of the basal margin of the
+second and third segments, and an emarginate fascia on that of the
+fifth, yellow.
+
+5. POMPILUS DECEPTOR. _P._ rufescenti-flavus; vertice nigro, alis
+anticis apice fuscis.
+
+_Male._ Length 6 lines. Pale reddish-yellow; the antennae slightly dusky
+above; a black transverse stripe on the vertex between the eyes, and
+another issuing from it in the middle and passing beyond the ocelli.
+Thorax: a black stripe on each side of the mesothorax over the tegulae;
+the wings subhyaline, the nervures ferruginous, the superior pair
+fuscous at their apex. Abdomen immaculate.
+
+Subgenus PRIOCNEMIS.
+
+1. PRIOCNEMIS RUFIFRONS. _P._ niger; facie, antennis, tibiis tarsisque
+ferrugineis, alis fulvo-hyalinis; abdominis segmento apicali flavo
+unimaculato.
+
+_Female._ Length 9-1/2 lines. Black; the face above the clypeus, as high
+as the anterior ocellus, reddish-yellow; the extreme edge of the
+clypeus, the labrum and base of the mandibles ferruginous; the antennae
+reddish-yellow. Thorax: fulvo-hyaline, with a dark fuscous border at the
+apex; the knees, tibiae and tarsi reddish-yellow; the two latter spinose.
+Abdomen: gradually tapering to an acute point at the apex, the sixth
+segment with an elongate red spot.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+Subgenus AGENIA.
+
+1. Agenia blanda, _Guer. Voy. Coq. Zool._ ii. pt. 2. p. 260.
+
+2. AGENIA BIMACULATA. _A._ nigra, cinereo-pilosa, clypeo plagis duabus
+flavis; antennarum articulis apicalibus, tibiis tarsisque anticis et
+intermediis femoribusque posticis ferrugineis; alis subhyalinis,
+nervuris nigris.
+
+_Female._ Length 7 lines. Black, and covered with ashy pile; a large
+macula on each side of the clypeus, the mandibles and palpi yellow; the
+base and apex of the mandibles rufo-piceous; the flagellum pale
+ferruginous, more or less fuscous above towards the base. Thorax: the
+posterior margin of the prothorax arched; the anterior and intermediate
+tibiae and tarsi and the femora at their apex beneath, also the posterior
+femora, pale ferruginous; the wings subhyaline, the nervures dark
+fuscous. Abdomen: the apical margins of the segments obscurely and
+narrowly rufo-piceous, the apex ferruginous.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+Gen. MACROMERIS, _St. Farg._
+
+1. Macromeris splendida, _St. Farg. Hym. iii._ 463. 1. [Symbol: male].
+
+_Hab._ India, China, Malacca, Borneo, Java, Celebes.
+
+Gen. MYGNIMIA, _Smith_.
+
+1. Mygnimia iridipennis, _Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc._ ii. p. 98.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes, Borneo.
+
+This insect, a female, is 5 lines larger than _M. iridipennis_; but I
+can point out no other distinction beyond a slight difference in the
+colour of the wings: the specimen from Borneo has a metallic
+bluish-green iridescence, the Celebes insect has a violet iridescence;
+notwithstanding which I am inclined to regard them as one species.
+
+2. MYGNIMIA FUMIPENNIS. _M._ aurantiaco-rubra, alis obscure fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Length 9 lines. Orange-red; the anterior margin of the clypeus
+entire; the labrum produced, its anterior margin widely emarginate; eyes
+large, black and ovate. Thorax: the posterior margin of the prothorax
+rounded; the mesothorax with a longitudinal fuscous stripe on each side,
+widest anteriorly; the metathorax truncate; above, transversely striate;
+the tibiae and tarsi spinose; wings dark fuscous, with a pale
+semitransparent macula at the base of the second discoidal cell and a
+dark fuscous macula beyond; the insect entirely covered with a fine
+orange-red downy pile.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+
+Fam. SPHEGIDAE.
+
+1. SPHEX PRAEDATOR. _S._ niger, rude punctatus, facie pube fulva vestita;
+alis fuscis cupreo iridescentibus.
+
+_Male._ Length 10-1/2 lines. Black; the head and thorax opake. Abdomen
+shining blue-black. The face with silvery pile on each side of the
+clypeus, and sprinkled with erect black hairs. Thorax: the posterior
+margin of the prothorax with a line of silvery pubescence; the
+metathorax with a short light-brown pubescence at the apex, and thinly
+clothed with black hairs; wings dark brown, with a brilliant violet
+iridescence. Abdomen blue-black, smooth and shining.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+2. AMMOPHILA INSOLATA. _A._ nigra, scapo mandibulis, pedibus,
+abdominisque segmentis primo et secundo ferrugineis; alis subhyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 8-1/2 lines. Black; the scape, the base of the
+flagellum beneath, the anterior margin of the clypeus and the mandibles
+ferruginous; the latter black at their apex. Thorax: the prothorax
+smooth and shining; the meso- and metathorax above transversely
+striated, the scutellum longitudinally so; the legs ferruginous, with
+their coxae black; a spot of silvery-white pubescence on each side of the
+metathorax at its base, and two at its apex close to the insertion of
+the petiole; the wings fulvo-hyaline with the nervures ferruginous.
+Abdomen: the petiole and the following segment red, the base of the
+third also slightly red; the three apical segments obscurely blue, with
+a thin glittering pile.
+
+The _male_ differs in having the legs black, their articulations only
+being ferruginous; the head entirely black with the face densely covered
+with silvery-white pile. The thorax is sculptured as in the other sex;
+the petiole more elongate and slender, the basal joint black, the second
+and the first segment ferruginous beneath; the rest of the abdomen blue.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+Gen. PELOPAEUS, _Latr._
+
+1. Pelopaeus Madraspatanus, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 203. 3.
+
+_Hab._ Malabar, Madras, Nepaul, Bengal, Celebes.
+
+2. Pelopaeus Bengalensis, _Dahlb. Syst. Nat._ i. 941. 2.
+
+_Hab._ India, Philippine Islands, China, Isle of France, Celebes.
+
+3. PELOPAEUS INTRUDENS. _P._ niger; clypeo bidentato, tibiis anticis et
+intermediis, femorumque apice, femoribusque posticis basi,
+trochanteribus, tibiarum dimidio basali, petioloque rufescenti-flavis;
+alis fulvo-hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 11 lines. Black; the face with silvery pubescence; the
+clypeus with two large blunt teeth at its apex, formed by a deep notch
+in its anterior margin; the scape reddish-yellow in front. The meso- and
+metathorax transversely striated; the wings fulvo-hyaline, the nervures
+ferruginous; the anterior and intermediate tibiae and the femora at their
+apex, the posterior femora at their base, the trochanters, the tibiae
+with their basal half and the middle of the basal joint of the posterior
+tarsi, reddish-yellow; the petiole of the abdomen of a paler yellow; the
+abdomen smooth and shining. The male only differs in being rather
+smaller.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+Mr. Wallace says of this species, "A common house-wasp in Macassar;
+builds mud cells on rafters."
+
+_Note._--In describing the species of this genus collected by Mr.
+Wallace at Borneo, I incorrectly gave that locality for _P. javanus_.
+The insect mistaken for that species may be shortly characterized as P.
+_benignus_, length 12 lines. Opake-black, with the petiole shining; the
+metathorax transversely striated; the wings pale fulvo-hyaline, the
+nervures ferruginous; the scape in front, the anterior and intermediate
+tibiae, the apex of the femora, and the basal joint of the tarsi
+reddish-yellow; the posterior legs, with the trochanters and basal half
+of the femora, yellow.
+
+4. PELOPAEUS FLAVO-FASCIATUS. _P._ niger; capite thoraceque flavo
+variegato; pedibus abdominisque basi ferrugineis; alis hyalinis, apice
+fuscis, abdominisque segmento tertio fascia lata flava ornato.
+
+_Female._ Length 9 lines. Black; the clypeus yellow; the mandibles and
+scape ferruginous, the former black at their base, the latter yellow in
+front; the sides of the face with a bright golden pile. Thorax: the
+posterior margin of the prothorax, the tegulae, scutellum, and a quadrate
+spot on each side of the metathorax at its base yellow; the legs
+ferruginous, with the coxae, trachanters, and claw-joint of the tarsi
+black; wings fulvo-hyaline, the nervures ferruginous, a fuscous spot at
+the apex of the anterior pair; the meso- and metathorax transversely
+striated, the latter with a yellow spot at the insertion of the petiole.
+Abdomen: the petiole slightly curved upwards, the first segment
+ferruginous; a broad yellow fascia at the apex of the third segment, the
+apex of the fourth with a narrow obscure fascia; the abdomen covered
+with a fine silky pile.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+
+Fam. BEMBICIDAE, _Westw._
+
+1. Bembex trepanda, _Dahlb. Hym. Europ._ i. p. 181.
+
+_Hab._ India, Celebes.
+
+
+Fam. LARRIDAE.
+
+Genus LARRA, _Fabr._
+
+1. Larra prismatica, _Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc._ ii. p. 103.
+
+_Hab._ Malacca, Celebes.
+
+Genus LARRADA, _Smith_.
+
+1. Larrada aurulenta, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iv. 276. 6. Sphex
+aurulenta, _Fabr. Mant._ i. 274. 10.
+
+_Hab._ India, Java, Sumatra, Celebes, Philippine Islands, China, Cape of
+Good Hope, Gambia.
+
+2. Larrada exilipes, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iv. p. 278.
+
+3. LARRADA AEDILIS. _L._ nigra; facie argenteo-pilosa, alis subhyalinis,
+articulis apicalibus tarsorum rufo-testaceis, abdomine laevi et nitido.
+
+_Female._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Black; head and thorax subopake, the
+abdomen shining; the face densely covered with silvery pile, the cheeks,
+sides of the thorax and abdomen thinly so; the tips of the mandibles and
+apical joints of the tarsi ferruginous, the latter obscurely so. The
+metathorax transversely and rather finely rugose, the truncation more
+strongly striated; the scutellum shining; the wings subhyaline, the
+nervures ferruginous; the tibiae with scattered spines, the tarsi
+spinose.
+
+4. LARRADA AURIFRONS. _L._ nigra; facie mesothoracis metathoracisque
+lateribus aurato pubescentibus, abdominis marginibus segmentorum trium
+basalium argentato piloso fasciatis; alis fuscis.
+
+_Male._ Length 8 lines. Black; the face and outer orbits of the eyes
+clothed with golden pile; the lateral margins of the mesothorax and the
+metathorax thinly clothed with golden pile; wings dark fuscous with a
+violet iridescence; the three basal segments of the abdomen with fasciae
+of silvery pile.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+5. LARRADA PERSONATA. _L._ capite thoraceque nigris, abdomine
+ferrugineo.
+
+_Female._ Length 8-1/2 lines. Head, thorax, and legs black; the two
+former closely punctured and thinly covered with short cinereous
+pubescence; the metathorax with the punctures running into transverse
+striae in the middle; the sides of the thorax and the legs with a fine
+silky silvery-white pile; the tibiae and tarsi strongly spinose; wings
+fusco-hyaline; abdomen entirely red, smooth and shining.
+
+The _male_ is smaller, and has the four apical segments of the abdomen
+black, the face, cheeks, and apical margins of the segments of the
+abdomen with silvery pile.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+This is probably merely a variety of _L. simillima_, wanting the black
+apex to the abdomen; it very much resembles the L. _anathema_ of Europe.
+
+6. LARRADA RUFIPES. _L._ nigra, mandibulis pedibusque rufis; alis
+hyalinis, venis pallide testaceis; abdomine sericeo-piloso.
+
+_Female._ Length 7 lines. Black; the head smooth and shining; the
+clypeus, the cheeks, and face anteriorly covered with silvery pile; the
+scape in front, the mandibles, and palpi ferruginous. Thorax: the sides
+and beneath with a thin silvery-white pile; the legs ferruginous with
+the coxae black, the posterior pair red beneath; the thorax closely
+punctured, the metathorax transversely striated; wings fulvo-hyaline,
+the nervures pale-testaceous. Abdomen shining, very closely and
+delicately punctured; thinly covered with a fine white silky pile, which
+is very bright on the margins of the segments, which are slightly
+rufo-piceous.
+
+The _male_ closely resembles the female, and is similarly sculptured and
+coloured.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+7. LARRADA FESTINANS. _L._ nigra; facie abdominisque marginibus
+segmentorum argentato-pilosis.
+
+_Female._ Length 3 lines. Black; the face and cheeks thinly covered with
+silvery pile. Thorax: the disk very closely punctured, the metathorax
+rugose; the sides and the legs with a fine glittering sericeous pile,
+the wings subhyaline, their apical margins fuscous, the nervures
+fuscous. Abdomen smooth and sinning, covered with a thin silky pile, the
+apical margins with bright silvery fasciae, only observable in certain
+lights.
+
+The _male_ closely resembles the female, but has the face more silvery.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+Genus MORPHOTA, _Smith_.
+
+1. MORPHOTA FORMOSA. _M._ capite thoraceque nigris; abdomine rufo, apice
+nigro, pilis argentatis ornato.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Black, with the two basal segments of the
+abdomen red; covered with a brilliant changeable silvery pile, most
+dense on the face, cheeks, sides of the metathorax, and on the apical
+margins of the abdominal segments. The mandibles ferruginous, with their
+apex piceous. The vertex smooth, and having _three distinct ocelli_; the
+head more produced behind the eyes than in _Larrada_. Thorax: the
+prothorax subtuberculate at the sides; wings subhyaline and iridescent,
+the nervures fuscous, the tegulae pale testaceous behind. The apical
+margin of the first segment of the abdomen rufo-fuscous.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+The insects belonging to the genus _Morphota_ differ from those of
+_Larrada_ in having three distinct ocelli, the vertex without any
+depressions, and the head much less compressed than in _Larrada_; the
+recurrent nervures are received nearer to the base and apex of the
+second submarginal cell; the species have, in fact, a distinct habit,
+and do not assimilate with the species of _Larrada_.
+
+Genus TACHYTES, _Panz._
+
+1. TACHYTES MOROSUS. _T._ niger, scutello abdomineque nitidis, facie
+argenteo-pilosa; marginibus lateralibus abdominis segmentorum
+argentatis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4-1/2 lines. Black; the face covered with silvery pile;
+the thorax finely and very closely punctured; the metathorax opake and
+finely rugose, thinly covered with cinereous pubescence; the anterior
+tarsi ciliated on the exterior, and the intermediate and posterior tibiae
+with a few dispersed spines; wings fusco-hyaline and iridescent, the
+nervures fusco-ferruginous, the costal nervure black. Abdomen smooth and
+shining; the apical margins of the intermediate segments slightly
+depressed, with the sides sericeous.
+
+
+Fam. CRABRONIDAE.
+
+Genus OXYBELUS, _Latr._
+
+1. Oxybelus agilis, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iv. 387. 25.
+
+_Hab._ India, Celebes.
+
+GENUS CRABRO, _Latr._
+
+1. CRABRO (RHOPALUM) AGILIS. _C._ obscuro-nigra, clypeo argentato,
+capite, thorace abdomineque flavo variis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4 lines. Black, opake; head larger than the thorax,
+quadrate; the ocelli in a curve on the vertex; the clypeus and lower
+portion of the cheeks with silvery pile; the scape, two basal joints of
+the flagellum, the palpi, and the mandibles, yellow; the latter
+rufo-piceous at their apex. The margin of the prothorax, the tubercles,
+the scutellum, the tibiae and tarsi, the anterior femora and the
+intermediate pair at their apex yellow; the anterior femora black above;
+the wings subhyaline and iridescent, the nervures testaceous. Abdomen:
+with an elongate clavate petiole; the first segment with an oblique
+yellow macula on each side, the third with a large lateral macula at its
+base, and the following segments entirely yellow.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+This species closely resembles the _C. Westermanni_ of Dahlbome, from
+the Cape of Good Hope.
+
+GENUS CERCERIS, _Latr._
+
+1. Cerceris instabilis, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iv. 452. 74.
+
+_Hab._ India, China, Celebes.
+
+2. Cerceris unifasciata, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iv. 456. 84.
+
+_Hab._ North China, Celebes.
+
+3. Cerceris fuliginosa, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iv. 454. 79.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+4. CERCERIS VARIPES. _C._ nigra, facie flavo varia; alis fuscis basi
+hyalinis; pedibus variegatis; abdomine flavo maculato.
+
+_Male._ Length 6 lines. Black; a line down the inner orbits of the eyes,
+continued along the lower margins of the face, and uniting with the
+clypeus, which as well as a line above it between the antennae are
+yellow; a spot on the scape in front, and the mandibles, yellow; the
+latter rufo-piceous at their apex. Thorax: a spot on each side of the
+prothorax, a minute one on the tegulae; the postscutellum, the
+intermediate and posterior coxae and trochanters, the anterior tibiae
+behind, the femora beneath, and the intermediate and posterior tibiae
+yellow; the femora reddish above and at their articulations; the
+posterior femora and tibiae black, with the tarsi rufo-testaceous; the
+anterior wings and the apex of the posterior pair brown, the base of the
+anterior pair hyaline. Abdomen: the second and three following segments
+with a short yellow stripe on each side.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+
+Tribe VESPIDAE.
+
+Fam. EUMENIDAE, _Westw_.
+
+Genus ZETHUS, _Fabr._
+
+1. Zethus cyanopterus, _Sauss. Mon. Guepes Sol_. i. 23. 2.
+
+Genus MONTEZUMIA, _Sauss._
+
+1. Montezumia Indica, _Sauss. Mon. Guepes Sol._ i. _supp._ 167. 59. t.
+9. f. 4.
+
+_Hab._ India, Celebes.
+
+Genus RHYNCHIUM, _Spin._
+
+1. Rhynchium haemorrhoidale, _Sauss. Mon. Guepes Sol._ i. 109. 12. Vespa
+haemorrhoidalis, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 259. 28.
+
+_Hab._ India, Java, Cape of Good Hope, Celebes.
+
+2. Rhynchium argentatum, _Sauss. Mon. Guepes Sol._ i. 115. 22. Vespa
+argentata, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 260. 39.
+
+_Hab._ India, Celebes.
+
+3. Rhynchium atrum, _Sauss. Mon. Guepes Sol._ i. 109. 11.
+
+_Hab._ India, Celebes.
+
+4. Rhynchium parentissimum, _Sauss. Mon. Guepes Sol._ p. 111. 14. Var.
+_R. haemorrhoidale?_
+
+_Hab._ India, Java, Celebes.
+
+Genus EUMENES.
+
+1. Eumenes circinalis, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 286. 4.
+
+_Hab._ India, Sumatra, Celebes.
+
+2. Eumenes fulvipennis, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. v. 24. 26.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+3. EUMENES VINDEX. _E._ niger, flavo variegatus, alis subhyalinis
+iridescentibus.
+
+_Male._ Length 6 lines. Black; strongly punctured and shining; a minute
+spot behind the eyes, another in their emargination, the clypeus, with
+two minute spots above it, a spot at the base of the mandibles, and the
+scape in front yellow. Thorax: a subinterrupted line on its anterior
+margin, the tubercles, a spot on the tegulae behind, and the legs yellow;
+the coxae, femora at their base, and the posterior tibiae outside dusky;
+wings light brown and iridescent, the anterior margin of the superior
+pair darkest. Abdomen delicately punctured; the apical margin of the
+first segment with a narrow yellow border slightly interrupted on each
+side; the apical segments with a thin cinereous pile.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+4. EUMENES ARCHITECTUS. _E._ niger, clypeo, prothoracis margine
+postscutello abdominisque segmenti primi margine flavis.
+
+_Female._ Length 6 lines. Black and closely punctured; a line behind the
+eyes near their vertex, a spot between the antennae and the clypeus,
+yellow; the latter black at the apex, which is notched; the labrum and
+mandibles reddish-yellow, the latter black at their base. Thorax: the
+anterior margin yellow; the tubercles, tegulae, postscutellum, an
+interrupted line on each side of the metathorax, the tibiae, tarsi, and
+femora at their apex, yellow; the coxae spotted with yellow and the
+posterior tibiae dusky; the wings fusco-hyaline; a black line across the
+tegulae. Abdomen: an ovate spot on each side of the petiole, its apical
+margin, a transverse ovate spot on each side of the first segment, and
+its posterior margin yellow; the following segments covered with a grey
+silky pile.
+
+_Male._ Differs from the female in having the clypeus entirely yellow,
+the metathorax and abdomen entirely black; only the apical margin of the
+petiole is yellow, it is also longer.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+5. EUMENES FLORALIS. _E._ niger; clypeo flavo; thorace pedibusque
+ferrugineo-flavo variegatis.
+
+_Male._ Length 6-1/2 lines. Black; strongly punctured and shining; the
+clypeus and a spot above yellow; a narrow abbreviated line behind the
+eyes, a minute spot in their emargination, and the tips of the mandibles
+orange-red; the flagellum fulvous beneath. Thorax: the anterior and
+posterior margin of the prothorax, the tubercles, and a spot on the
+tegulae behind, a line on the postscutellum and the legs, orange-red, the
+coxae black, and the tarsi dusky; the wings slightly brownish with a
+violet iridescence. Abdomen immaculate, with a minute spot on the
+posterior border of the petiole; the third and following segments with a
+fine cinereous pile.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+Genus ODYNERUS, _Latr._
+
+1. Odynerus ovalis, _Sauss. Mon. Guepes Sol._ 215. 122. t. 19. f. 4.
+
+_Hab._ India, China, Celebes.
+
+2. ODYNERUS (ANCISTROCERUS) CLAVICORNIS. _O._ niger, flavo varius;
+capite thoraceque fortiter, abdomine delicatule punctatis, antennis
+clavatis.
+
+_Male._ Length 4-1/2 lines. Black; head and thorax strongly punctured
+and shining; a spot on the mandibles, the labrum, the clypeus, a spot
+above, the scape in front, a line in the emargination of the eyes and a
+spot behind them, yellow; the flagellum broadly clavate, the joints
+transverse, the apex of the club and the terminal hook reddish-yellow,
+the thickened part of the club concave beneath, the hook bent into the
+cavity. Thorax: two spots on the anterior margin, a spot on the tegulae
+in front, and the legs, reddish-yellow, the coxae dusky; the metathorax
+coarsely rugose and deeply concave-truncate. Abdomen: the first segment
+with a transverse carina at its base, in front of which is an
+irregularly cut deep transverse channel forming a second carina in front
+of the groove; the segments finely punctured, the first and second
+segments with a yellow posterior border, the fourth and following
+segments rufo-piceous.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+3. ODYNERUS (LEIONOTUS) INSULARIS. _O._ niger, flavo et aurantio
+variegatus; abdominis basi ferruginea.
+
+_Male._ Length 6 lines. Black; the head and thorax strongly punctured;
+the mandibles, clypeus, a line above extending to the anterior ocellus,
+the emargination of the eyes, a spot at their vertex and a line at their
+outer orbits, yellow; the antennae reddish-yellow, with the scape pale
+yellow in front and a narrow fuscous line above; the yellow marking more
+or less stained orange. Thorax: the prothorax orange, its anterior
+border, the tubercles, tegulae, two spots on the scutellum and
+postscutellum, the lateral margins of the metathorax and the legs,
+yellow, the latter with reddish stains; wings subhyaline, the superior
+pair with a fuscous cloud at their apex. The base of the abdomen and a
+large macula on each side of the second segment ferruginous; the apical
+margin of the segments with a yellow border, the first and second with a
+minute notch in the middle; the first and second segments entirely
+ferruginous beneath.
+
+4. ODYNERUS FULVIPENNIS. _O._ niger, flavo varius, pedibus ferrugineis,
+alis fulvo-hyalinis.
+
+_Male._ Black; head and thorax closely and strongly punctured; the
+clypeus and two spots above, a line along the lower margin of the sinus
+of the eyes, a narrow line behind them, the scape in front, and the
+mandibles yellow; the tips of the latter rufo-piceous; the antennae and
+legs ferruginous; an interrupted yellow line on the anterior margin of
+the thorax; the wings fulvo-hyaline; the veins which enclose the
+marginal and second and third submarginal cells fuscous, the rest pale
+testaceous; a fuscous cloud in the marginal cell. Abdomen: the apical
+margin of the second segment with a yellow fascia, the following
+segments with red fasciae.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+Genus ICARIA, _Sauss._
+
+1. Icaria ferruginea, _Sauss. Mon. Guepes Soc._ p. 37. 15.
+
+_Hab._ India, Celebes.
+
+2. ICARIA PILOSA. _I._ nigra, rude punctata et densissime pubescens,
+clypeo flavo, thorace, pedibus abdomineque ferrugineo variegatis; alis
+subhyalinis, anticis apice fusco maculatis.
+
+_Male._ Length 7-1/2 lines. Black; closely and strongly punctured; the
+clypeus, a line on the mandibles, and the scape in front, yellow; tips
+of the mandibles, the scape above, and the base of the flagellum
+ferruginous. Thorax: the prothorax, scutellum and postscutellum,
+ferruginous; the tegulae and legs pale ferruginous, the coxae black; wings
+fusco-hyaline, with a dark cloud in the marginal cell extending to the
+apex of the wing; a fainter cloud traverses the margin of the wing to
+its base. Abdomen: the first, second and third segments with a
+reddish-yellow fascia, that on the second segment continued beneath; a
+longitudinal broad stripe of the same colour on each side of the second
+segment; its apical margin serrated.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+Genus POLISTES, _Latr._
+
+1. Polistes sagittarius, _Sauss. Mon. Guepes Soc._ p. 56. 12.
+
+Various specimens from Greece and Celebes have the thorax more or less
+ferruginous.
+
+_Hab._ India, Celebes, China, Greece.
+
+2. Polistes Picteti, _Sauss. Mon. Guepes Soc._ 69. 28. t. 6. f. 8.
+
+_Hab._ Ceram, Australia, Celebes.
+
+3. Polistes fastidiosus, _Sauss. Mon. Guepes Soc._ p. 60. 18.
+
+_Hab._ Africa (Gambia), Celebes.
+
+4. Polistes stigma, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 261. 41.
+
+_Hab._ India, Ceram, Celebes.
+
+5. Polistes Philippinensis, _Sauss. Mon. Guepes Soc._ 58. 14 (var.).
+
+_Hab._ Philippine Islands.
+
+Genus VESPA, _Linn._
+
+1. Vespa affinis, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 254. 6 (var. _V. cincta_?).
+
+_Hab._ India, China, Singapore, Celebes.
+
+2. VESPA FERVIDA. _V._ nigra, delicatule punctata; clypei margine
+antica, macula pone oculos, margineque postica segmenti primi abdominis
+flavis; alis fulvo-hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 13 lines. Black; closely and finely punctured; the
+clypeus convex and strongly punctured, emarginate anteriorly, the
+emargination with a yellow border; the eyes extending to the base of the
+mandibles, which have three stout teeth at their apex and a narrow
+yellow line at their inner margin. Thorax: the postscutellum yellow, and
+a minute yellow spot on the outer margin of the tegulae; the wings
+rufo-hyaline, darkest along the anterior margin of the superior pair;
+the nervures ferruginous, gradually becoming darker at the base of the
+wings, the costal nervure black.
+
+_Worker._ Length 9 lines. Very closely resembles the female, but in
+addition to the yellow markings of that sex has the anterior margin of
+the clypeus yellow, a narrow transverse line between the antennae,
+another along the lower margin of the notch of the eyes, an abbreviated
+stripe behind them at the base of the mandibles, a spot beneath the
+postscutellum and a narrow yellow line along the posterior margin of the
+basal segment of the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+
+Fam. TENTHREDINIDAE.
+
+Genus TENTHREDO, _Linn._
+
+1. TENTHREDO (ALLANTUS) PURPURATA. _T._ capite thoraceque
+caeruleo-viridibus, abdomine purpureo, alis fuscis iridescentibus.
+
+Size, length 4 lines. Head and thorax blue-green, abdomen purple; wings
+dark fuscous with a violet iridescence; an oblique white line on each
+side beneath the scutellum; legs and antennae black.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+
+Fam. ICHNEUMONIDAE.
+
+Genus MEGISCHUS, _Brulle._
+
+1. Megischus indicus, _Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc._ new ser. i. 1851.
+
+_Hab._ Philippine Islands, Celebes.
+
+Genus MESOSTENUS, _Brulle._
+
+1. MESOSTENUS ALBO-SPINOSUS. _M._ niger, albo varius, abdominis
+segmentis albo marginatis, metathorace spinis duabus albis armato.
+
+_Female._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Black; a half-circular spot on the
+clypeus, a heart-shaped one above it, a spot at the base of the
+mandibles, the orbits of the eyes, interrupted at their vertex,
+yellowish white, the palpi of the same colour, and a broad incomplete
+annulus on the antennae beyond their middle. Thorax: the mesothorax with
+two deeply impressed oblique lines inclined inwards and terminating at
+an ovate spot in the middle of the disk, the scutellum and an oblique
+line on each side a little before it, a horseshoe-shaped spot in the
+middle of the metathorax, and a little below it on each side a conical
+tooth, yellowish white; four spots beneath the wings, one on each side
+of the metathorax, and the coxae beneath, white; the legs ferruginous,
+with the intermediate pair dusky behind, the posterior pair entirely so,
+the femora being black; the wings hyaline, nervures fuscous. Abdomen:
+punctured and with a white fascia on the margins of the three basal
+segments; the two apical segments with very narrow fasciae.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+This species is closely allied to the _M. literatus_ of Brulle; but it
+differs too much, I think, to be identical with it.
+
+2. PIMPLA TRIMACULATA. _P._ flava, oculis, macula circa ocellos,
+vittulis tribus mesothoracis setisque caudalibus nigris.
+
+_Female._ Length 6 lines. Yellow; the antennae fuscous above, also a
+fuscous cloud at the apex of the anterior wings, the wings hyaline with
+the nervures black; a spot on the scape within, and three longitudinal
+stripes on the mesothorax, black; the latter slightly punctured
+anteriorly; the metathorax smooth and shining, with three oblique carinae
+on each side, and a small subovate enclosed space in the middle of the
+disk. Abdomen punctured, all the segments margined at their apex, and
+each with a deeply impressed line at their extreme lateral margins; the
+sixth segment with two minute black spots at its basal margin, the two
+apical segments smooth and shining; the ovipositor black.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+This species is closely allied to the _P. trilineata_ of Brulle.
+
+
+Fam. BRACONIDAE.
+
+1. BRACON INSINUATOR. _B._ capite, thorace pedibusque ferrugineis;
+antennis, tibiis tarsisque posticis et abdomine nigris; alis
+nigro-fuscis, macula hyalina sub stigmate.
+
+_Female._ Length 7-1/2 lines. Head and thorax smooth, shining, and
+ferruginous, the legs ferruginous, with the posterior tibiae and tarsi
+black; the antennae black, with the scape and following joint
+ferruginous; wings dark brown, with their extreme base pale testaceous;
+a hyaline stripe runs from the stigma across the first submarginal cell
+and passes a little below it. Abdomen black, smooth, and shining, with
+the lateral margins of the basal segment pale yellow-testaceous; this
+segment has on each side a longitudinal carina, and between them is a
+highly polished bell-shaped form; the second segment with deep oblique
+depressions at the sides, and deeply longitudinally rugose-striate,
+leaving the apical margin smooth and shining; the second segment is
+similarly sculptured, and the third has a transverse groove at its base.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+2. BRACON INTRUDENS. _B._ rufescenti-flavus, antennis setisque
+caudalibus nigris; alis nigro-fuscis, basi fasciaque angusta transversa
+flavis.
+
+_Female._ Length 9 lines. Pale reddish-yellow; the eyes, flagellum, and
+ovipositor black; the scape and the following segment yellow; the head
+and thorax smooth and shining, both pubescent at the sides and beneath,
+the legs covered with a similar pale pubescence; the face with an
+upright horn between the antennae, and a raised flattened plate in front
+of it. Abdomen: the basal segment with the lateral margins raised, and
+having on each side an elongate broad depression extending its entire
+length; the three following with an oblique depression on each side at
+the base of the segment; the third, fourth, and fifth segments
+distinctly margined at their apex; the ovipositor the length of the
+insect.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+Genus AGATHIS, _Latr._
+
+1. AGATHIS SCULPTURALIS. _A._ nigra, prothorace, pedibus anticis
+mediisque ferrugineis; abdomine laevigato nitido.
+
+_Male._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Black; the mouth, prothorax, anterior and
+intermediate legs, ferruginous; the face with two teeth or horns between
+or a little before the insertion of the antennae, and another at the side
+of each, close to their insertion. Thorax: the mesothorax with two
+deeply impressed lines in front, running inwards, and uniting about the
+middle, and with two or three deep transverse channels before their
+junction; the lateral margins of the mesothorax deeply impressed; the
+metathorax ruggedly sculptured; the posterior coxae and femora closely
+punctured; wings black with a hyaline spot in the first submarginal
+cell. Abdomen very smooth and shining, with a deeply impressed line on
+each side of the basal segment.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+2. AGATHIS MODESTA. _A._ rufescenti-flava; antennis, vertice, tibiis
+posticis apice, tarsisque nigris; alis fusco maculatis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4 lines. Reddish-yellow: the antennae and vertex, black.
+The mesothorax with two deeply impressed longitudinal oblique lines, and
+two parallel ones between them; the metathorax reticulated; wings
+hyaline, with a dark fuscous stain crossing the anterior pair at the
+base of the first submarginal cell, these hyaline to the middle of the
+stigma, beyond which they are fuscous; a subhyaline spot at the apex of
+the marginal cell, and another beneath it at the inferior margin of the
+wing; the posterior tarsi dusky, and the tips of the tibiae black.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+3. AGATHIS NITIDA. _A._ nigra, nitida; facie, pectore, pedibus anticis
+et intermediis, plaga infra alas, scutelloque pallide ferrugineis.
+
+Length 4 lines. Black and shining; the face, mandibles, head beneath,
+legs, pectus, sides of the thorax beneath the wings, the scutellum and
+the basal half of the abdomen beneath, pale ferruginous; the mesothorax
+with two longitudinal oblique lines on the disk, which have two parallel
+ones between them; the metathorax coarsely rugose; the wings dark brown,
+with the base of the stigma pale, and a hyaline spot beneath it. Abdomen
+very smooth and shining, with the apical margins of the segments
+narrowly rufo-piceous; the posterior legs incrassate and dark
+rufo-piceous.
+
+
+Fam. CHRYSIDIDAE.
+
+Genus HEDYCHRUM, _Latr._
+
+1. HEDYCHRUM FLAMMULATUM. _H._ viridi-purpureo lavatum; capite
+thoraceque fortiter, abdomine delicatule, punctatis; alis fuscis basi
+hyalinis.
+
+Length 3 lines. Bright green; the vertex, two oblique stripes on the
+prothorax, meeting in the centre of its anterior margin, a broad
+longitudinal stripe on the disk of the mesothorax, and the sides of the
+scutellum and postscutellum deep purple. Abdomen: the middle of the
+basal segment, the second and third segments at their base, broadly
+purple; the apical margin of the third tinged with purple; wings
+subfuscous, with their base hyaline. The head and thorax coarsely and
+closely punctured, the abdomen finely so; the tarsi with the claws
+unidentate.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+Genus CHRYSIS, _Linn._
+
+1. CHRYSIS PURPUREA. _C._ laete purpurea, capite, thorace abdominisque
+basi rugosis punctatis, segmentis abdominis secundo et tertio delicatule
+punctatis, apice quadridentato.
+
+Length 3 lines. Bright purple; the head, thorax, and base of the abdomen
+strongly and coarsely punctured, the rest of the abdomen finely
+punctured; the disk of the thorax and apical margins of the segments of
+the abdomen reflecting bright tints of green; the wings subhyaline, the
+nervures dark fuscous; the apical margin of the third segment of the
+abdomen with four teeth, the two central ones approximating, separated
+by a deep notch, the lateral teeth more distant, separated from the
+others by a wide emargination.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+2. CHRYSIS INSULARIS. _C._ nigro-purpurea, violaceo et viridi lavata;
+capite, thorace abdominisque basi rude punctatis.
+
+Length 5 lines. Dark purple, with violet and green reflections; the
+face, legs, and thorax beneath, green; wings slightly fuscous, and
+iridescent; the head and thorax closely and coarsely punctured; the base
+of the abdomen roughly punctured, the two following segments much more
+finely so; the apical segment armed with six teeth, the outer ones
+subacute.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+3. CHRYSIS SUMPTUOSA. _C._ fortiter punctata, metallico-viridis auro
+lavata; thoracis disco, abdominis segmentis secundo et tertio basi
+purpureis; segmento apicali margine integro.
+
+Length 3-1/4 lines. Golden-green; the thorax at the sides and
+posteriorly with bright coppery effulgence; an oblong purple spot on the
+disk of the thorax; the metathorax and its lateral teeth vivid green,
+the vertex and prothorax splashed with gold. Abdomen: the basal segment
+bright green, with a bright coppery or golden effulgence at the sides;
+the second segment purple at the base, coppery at the apex, and with a
+suffusion of green between these tints; the third segment is similarly
+coloured, with the apical margin entire; the insect closely and strongly
+punctured throughout.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes.
+
+
+
+
+Description of a new Genus of Crustacea, of the Family Pinnotheridae; in
+which the fifth pair of legs are reduced to an almost imperceptible
+rudiment. By THOMAS BELL, Esq., Pres. L. S.
+
+[Read June 3rd, 1858.]
+
+
+Fam. PINNOTHERIDAE, _Edwards_.
+
+Genus AMORPHOPUS, _Bell_.
+
+CHAR. GEN.:--Corpus subcylindricum. Testa semicircularis, margine
+posteriore recto.--_Antennae externae minimae_, articulo basali orbitam
+subtus partim claudente.--_Antennularum fossulae_ transversae, continuae,
+et ab orbitis haud separatae.--_Pedipalpi externi_ articulo quarto ovato,
+palpo tri-articulato, ad angulum antico-interiorem articuli quarti
+inserto.--Oris apertura antice arcuata.--_Orbitae_ apertae, margine
+inferiore carente, superiore integro.--_Oculi_ transversim
+positi.--_Pedes antici_ robusti, inaequales; _pedum paria secundum,
+tertium et quartum_ longa, subcompressa; _par quintum_ exiguum,
+simplicissimum, rudimentarium, in incisura articuli basalis paris quarti
+insertum.--_Abdomen_ MARIS segmentis tertio cum quarto, et quinto cum
+sexto coalitis; FOEMINAE?
+
+Sp. unica. _Amorphopus cylindraceus_, mihi.
+
+_Description._--The body is nearly cylindrical, somewhat depressed, the
+carapace very much curved from the point to the back, quite straight
+from side to side; the anterior and lateral margins forming nearly a
+semicircle, the posterior margin straight; the orbits are deeply cut in
+the anterior margin of the carapace, looking upwards; the inferior
+margin wanting; the oral aperture much arched anteriorly; the external
+footjaws with the third articulation somewhat rhomboid, the fourth
+irregularly oval, and the palpi three-jointed, inserted at its anterior
+and inner angle. Epistome extremely small, transversely linear; the
+external antennae placed directly beneath the orbits, the basal joints
+partly filling them beneath. The antennules folded transversely in large
+open fossae, which are scarcely at all separated from each other, and are
+open to the orbits, the eyes lying transversely; the peduncles short and
+thick; the sternum is semicircular, the segments separated by very deep
+grooves; the abdomen very long and narrow, the first and second joint
+transversely linear, the third and fourth united and forming a triangle
+truncated anteriorly at the articulation of the portion formed by the
+fifth and sixth joints united, and which with the seventh form a very
+narrow and linear piece extending forwards to the posterior margin of
+the oral aperture; the first pair of legs robust, unequal (the right
+being the larger in the only specimen at present observed); the hand in
+each as broad as it is long; that of the smaller conspicuously
+tuberculated, that of the larger much less so; the former with the
+fingers nearly meeting throughout their length, those of the latter only
+at the tips; the second, third, and fourth pairs of legs are long,
+somewhat compressed, the third joint tuberculated on the under side, the
+third pair the longest; the fifth pair is reduced to a mere rudiment, in
+the form of a minute tubercle inserted in a little notch at the base of
+the first joint of the fourth pair, and scarcely discernible by the
+naked eye.
+
+_Observations._--The relation of this genus to the Pinnotheridae is
+tolerably obvious, in the smallness of the antennae, the direction and
+arrangement of the eyes, and particularly in the form of the oral
+aperture, and of the external footjaws. I shall not, however, enter upon
+the consideration of these relations, as I am about shortly to offer to
+the Society a review and monograph of the whole of this family. The most
+remarkable peculiarity in the genus is the apparent absence of the fifth
+pair of legs, which can only be discovered to exist at all by
+examination with the help of a lens. In this respect I doubt not that
+the Fabrician genus _Hexapus_, adopted and figured by De Haan, will be
+found to agree with it, although it is very remarkable that the
+anomalous condition of this part never excited any particular attention
+on the part of either of these distinguished naturalists; and De Haan
+describes Fabricius's species, _Hexapus sexpes_, as if there were
+nothing especial or abnormal in a Decapod having only six pairs of legs
+besides the claws. Mr. White made a similar mistake on one occasion,
+when he described an anomourous genus allied to _Lithodes_, in which the
+fifth pair of legs were not visible; but when, at my suggestion, a more
+careful examination was made, they were found, as was anticipated, in a
+rudimentary form, concealed under the edge of the carapace. I believe
+that I can discover even in De Haan's figure something like a little
+tubercle at the base of the fourth leg, which is probably the
+rudimentary representative of the fifth.
+
+
+
+
+Death of the Common Hive Bee, supposed to be occasioned by a parasitic
+Fungus. By the Rev. HENRY HIGGINS. Communicated by the President.
+
+[Read June 3rd, 1858.]
+
+
+On the 18th of March last, Timpron Martin, Esq., of Liverpool,
+communicated to me some circumstances respecting the death of a hive of
+bees in his possession, which induced me to request from him a full
+statement of particulars. Mr. Martin gave me the following account:--
+
+"In October last I had three hives of bees which I received into my
+house. Each doorway was closed, and the hive placed upon a piece of
+calico; the corners were brought over the top, leaving a loop by which
+the hive was suspended from the ceiling. The hives were taken down about
+the 14th of March; two were healthy, but all the bees in the third were
+dead. There was a gallon of bees. The two hives containing live bees
+were much smaller; but in each of them were dead ones. Under whatever
+circumstances you preserve bees through the winter, dead ones are found
+at the bottom, in the spring. The room, an attic, was dry; and I had
+preserved the same hives in the same way during the winter of 1856. In
+what I may call the dead hive there was an abundance of honey when it
+was opened; and it is clear that its inmates did not die for want. It is
+not a frequent occurrence for bees so to die; but I have known another
+instance. In that case the hive was left out in the ordinary way, and
+possibly cold was the cause of death. I think it probable that my bees
+died about a month before the 14th of March, merely from the
+circumstance that some one remarked about that time that there was no
+noise in the hive. They might have died earlier; but there were
+certainly live bees in the hive in January. I understand there was an
+appearance of mould on some of the combs. There was ample ventilation, I
+think; indeed, as the bees were suspended, they had more air than
+through the summer when placed on a stand."
+
+When the occurrence was first made known to me, I suggested that the
+bees might probably have died from the growth of a fungus, and requested
+some of the dead bees might be sent for examination. They were
+transmitted to me in a very dry state; and a careful inspection with a
+lens afforded no indications of vegetable growth. I then broke up a
+specimen, and examined the portions under a compound microscope, using a
+Nachet No. 4. The head and thorax were clean; but on a portion of the
+sternum were innumerable very minute, linear, slightly curved bodies,
+showing the well-known oscillatory or swarming motion. Notwithstanding
+the agreement of these minute bodies with the characters of the genus of
+_Bacterium_ of the Vibrionia, I regarded them as spermatia, having
+frequently seen others undistinguishable from them under circumstances
+inconsistent with the presence of _Confervae_, as in the interior of the
+immature peridia and sporangia of Fungals.
+
+In the specimen first examined there were no other indications of the
+growth of any parasite; but from the interior of the abdomen of a second
+bee I obtained an abundance of well-defined globular bodies resembling
+the spores of a fungus, varying in size from .00016 to .00012 in. Three
+out of four specimens subsequently examined contained similar spores
+within the abdomen. No traces of a mycelium were visible; the plants had
+come to maturity, fruited, and withered away, leaving only the spores.
+
+The chief question then remaining to be solved was as to the time when
+the spores were developed; whether before or after the death of the
+bees. In order, if possible, to determine this, I placed four of the
+dead bees in circumstances favourable for the germination of the spores,
+and in about ten days I submitted them again to examination. They were
+covered with mould, consisting chiefly of a species of _Mucor_, and one
+also of _Botrytis_ or _Botryosporium_. These fungi were clearly
+extraneous, covering indifferently all parts of the insects, and
+spreading on the wood on which they were lying. On the abdomen of all
+the specimens, and on the clypeus of one of them, grew a fungus wholly
+unlike the surrounding mould. It was white and very short, and
+apparently consisted entirely of spores arranged in a moniliform manner,
+like the fertile filaments of a stemless _Penicillium_. These spores
+resembled those found in the abdomen of the Bees, and proceeded I think,
+from them. The filaments were most numerous at the junction of the
+segments. The spores did not resemble the globules in _Sporendonema
+muscae_ of the English Flora, neither were they apparently enclosed.
+
+The Rev. M. J. Berkeley, to whom I sent some of the bees, procured, by
+scraping the interior of the abdomen with a lancet, very minute, curved
+linear bodies from 1/8000 to 1/10000 in. long, which he compares to
+Vibrios. He also found mixed with them globular bodies, but no visible
+stratum of mould.
+
+From the peculiar position of the supposed spores within the abdomen of
+the bees, and from the subsequent growth of a fungus unlike any of our
+common forms of Mucedines, I think it probable that the death of the
+bees was occasioned by the presence of a parasitic fungus.
+
+
+
+
+Notice of the occurrence of recent Worm Tracks in the Upper Part of the
+London Clay Formation near Highgate. By JOHN W. WETHERELL. Communicated
+by JAMES YATES, Esq., M.A., F.L.S.
+
+[Read June 3rd, 1858.]
+
+
+The London clay is very tenacious, and near the surface is generally of
+a brown colour, probably owing to the decomposition of the iron pyrites
+which it contains. It abounds in selenite or sulphate of lime, and in
+nodules which often contain organic remains. Fossil wood with _Teredo
+antenautae_ is also met with, and pyritous casts of univalve and bivalve
+shells. Lower down the stratum becomes more compact and is of a bluish
+or blackish colour, and its fossil contents are in a fine state of
+preservation. During the last summer, while examining the London Clay in
+the vicinity of Highgate in search of fossils, my attention was directed
+to certain appearances in it which I could not account for. This led to
+a further examination, when I found they were produced by the borings of
+_Lumbrici_ or earth-worms. These appearances consisted of long tubes
+passing nearly perpendicularly through the clay and terminating in
+receptacles or _nidi_, each tube leading to a separate receptacle. As
+these receptacles occurred in large numbers, I had an opportunity of
+examining a great many of them with various results. In one instance, I
+found a dead worm coiled up; in another, a portion of a worm protruding
+into the lower part of the tube. Again, _nidi_ were found partially
+filled with only the casts of worms, whilst others contained more or
+less of a species of Conferva; and, lastly, I obtained some with the
+cavities partially or wholly filled up. The receptacles varied in shape,
+from a sphere to an oval, and were extremely thin and fragile. They also
+varied in size from a pea to a nut. Externally they presented an
+appearance so singularly contorted, that I could not help considering
+they were moulded from the casts of worms. They did not appear to have
+any attachment to the surrounding clay, except at the point of junction
+with the tube; and the clay beneath them presented no unusual
+appearance.
+
+Internally they generally exhibited impressions of the worm; but
+occasionally I detected some of the round and contorted appearances
+which I have mentioned as being so conspicuous on the outside. I cannot
+speak with precision as to the length of the tubes, as the clay when
+examined had been broken up into large rough masses in digging for the
+foundations of houses. The largest noticed was about three inches long,
+and the general width one-eighth of an inch. They often run parallel to
+each other, but at unequal distances. I now have to notice what I
+consider a remarkable circumstance, namely, that all the tubes contained
+a solid cylinder of clay, and in every instance where the worms occurred
+under the circumstances above recorded, they were found to be dead.
+Researches of this kind are calculated to throw a light on some of those
+singular phenomena which geologists occasionally meet with in the older
+rocks.
+
+[_Mem._--Several specimens of clay, containing the worm-tubes as above
+described, were exhibited to the meeting.]
+
+
+
+
+Natural History--Extracts from the Journal of Captain Denham, H.M.
+Surveying Vessel 'Herald,' 1857. Communicated by Captain WASHINGTON,
+through the Secretary.
+
+[Read June 3rd, 1858.]
+
+
+We found upon the larger islands the small species of the Kangaroo,
+bearing the native name Wallaby (_Halmaturus Billardierii_), which,
+when mixed with other meats, affords a fine-flavoured soup.
+
+On the islets are flocks of the Cape Banca goose, which Mr. Smith
+informed me were only to be found in these straits in the vicinity of
+Flinders Island, from Cape Banca to Cape Frankland (west about), and
+that they are readily domesticated, and hatch from three to seven eggs,
+and afford an acceptable dish. I obtained a live specimen, which Dr.
+Rayner of this ship describes thus:--"_Cereopsis Novae Hollandiae_. Body
+about the size of a common goose; bill short, vaulted, obtuse,
+two-thirds of which is covered by an expanded cere of a pale
+greenish-yellow colour, the tip of the bill being black, arcuated, and
+truncated. Nostrils large, round, open, and situated in the middle of
+the bill. Wings ample, third quill longest. Legs long, light dull-red,
+and naked to a little above the knee. Feet black, webbed, the membrane
+being deeply notched, great toe articulated to the metatarsus. Plumage
+slate-grey, with black spots upon the wings and back. Wing-feathers
+dusky black, and edged at the tip with pale grey. Irides light hazel."
+
+We likewise obtained specimens of the following wildfowl:--
+
+AVES.
+
+  A BRONZE-WING PIGEON,   Phaps elegans.
+  QUAIL,                  Corturnix pectoralis (_Gould_).
+  OYSTER-CATCHER,         Haematophus fuliginosus.
+  RING PLOVER,            Hiaticula bicincta.
+  WILD DUCK,              Anas punctata (_Cuvier_).
+  GREAT GULL,             Larus pacificus.
+  LESSER GULL,            Xema Jamesonii.
+  MUTTON BIRD,            Puffinus brevicaudus (_Brandt_).
+  SOUTHERN GANNET,        Sulu australis (_Gould_).
+  SMALL PENGUIN,          Spheniscus minor (_Temminck_).
+
+The Mutton Bird we observed streaming from island to island; and I
+learnt from Mr. Benvenuto Smith the following particulars of its habits
+from his own observations.
+
+The male birds come in from sea in the month of September, and prepare
+the burrows for the reception of the hens. The hen bird does not make
+her appearance till about the 25th November, when she lays and sits at
+once.
+
+The Mutton Bird lays but one egg; they are employed rearing the young
+bird until the month of May, at which time the old birds leave the young
+ones to shift for themselves; the young birds remain in the burrows till
+they are starved down, and then set off to sea, and are not seen again
+amongst the islands till September. The cock and hen sit alternately
+night and day; and all the labour of providing for the young is equally
+shared.
+
+There are at this date about ninety people living on the small islands
+in "Franklin Inlet" who make a livelihood by gathering the oil,
+feathers, and eggs of the Mutton Bird.
+
+Upwards of 2000 gallons of the oil are extracted from the birds
+annually; and although 300,000 birds are known to be destroyed each
+year, they appear undiminished in numbers. The oil burns well, and is of
+a bright-red colour.
+
+I was presented by Mr. Smith with two Paper Nautilus shells (_Argonauta
+tuberculosa_) found on the shore of Flinders Island this season, a
+circumstance which he has remarked occurs but every seventh year, when
+many hundreds are thrown up: the shells are rarely obtained perfect, as
+they are extremely fragile, and the sea fowl pick the fish out of them.
+
+Our Botanic Collector, Mr. Milne, ascertained, from what he obtained
+himself and from what we could contribute from our individual visits to
+the islets, the existence of plants, which he believes to be indigenous,
+belonging to the following families and genera, viz.
+
+  Amentaceae.         Umbelliferae.
+  Asteraceae.         Graminaceae.
+  Rosaceae.           Junceae.
+  Geraniaceae.        Solanum.
+  Euphorbiaceae.      Geranium.
+  Myrtaceae.
+
+Testing the chances of fish refreshment at this anchorage, we found
+little encouragement for hook and line; but the two favouring
+opportunities which the weather allowed for hawling the seine produced
+as tabulated on opposite page.
+
+We found the Reef Islands in this sound so abundant in rabbits since
+Captain Stokes's forethought had set some loose upon them, that, in two
+visits of four hours with but four guns, 100 brace were brought on
+board.
+
+I took care to follow my esteemed brother officers' example and the
+system of introducing such productions, and obtained a dozen couple
+alive for letting loose in Shark Bay.
+
+[A coloured drawing of _Cereopsis Novae Hollandiae_ accompanied Captain
+Denham's observations.]
+
+
+                    |  Trawl-seine, |
+                    |   or hook     |
+          |How many |   and line.   |
+          |hawls and| Depth | Nature|  Natural
+          |  phase  |  of   |   of  |  History     | Common   |No. of|Pounds
+Locality. |of [moon]| water.|bottom.|   Names.     |  Names.  |sorts.|weight.
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+West side | 6 hawls |   with seine. |Mugil         |Mullet    |     23| 28|
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+Flinders  | ... ... |  1/2  |... ...|Hemiramphus   |Gar-fish  |     10|  5|
+Isl.      |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+Settlement|[moon] } |   1   | Sand  |{Platycephalus|Flat-head,|      3|  1|
+          |         |fathom |       |              |small     |       |   |
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+Bay       |14 days} |  on   |  and  |{Raia         |Sting Ray |      2| 29|
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+H.W.F. &  |... ... }|a flat | weed  |{Iulis        |Small fish|Several|...|
+C. [moon] |         |       |       |              |of the    |       |   |
+X. 30.    |         |       |       |              |Basse     |       |   |
+          |         |       |       |              |family    |       |   |
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+Range 10  |  L.W.   |... ...|... ...|Labrax        |Basse     |      1|  1|
+ft.       |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+East side | 7 hawls |  with seine   |{Myliobatis   |Ray       |     11|375|
+of }      |         |    (mar.).    |              |          |       |   |
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+Hummock } | [moon]  |... ...|... ...|{Mugil        |Mullet    |     20| 30|
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+Island    | 26 days |1 to 3 | Sandy |Platycephalus |Flat-head |      3|  2|
+centre    |         | fams. | beach |              |          |       |   |
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+          |         |       |       |{Siphyracus   |Barracouta|      1|  1|
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+Bay       | at 3/4  |... ...|... ...|{Scomberesox  |Saury     |     27| 17|
+          |  flood  |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+          |         |       |       |{Sepioteuthis |Cuttlefish|Several|...|
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+          |         |       |       |              |Total     |    ...|489|
+          |         |       |       |              |          |       |   |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+
+
+On some points in the Anatomy of _Nautilus pompilius_. By T. H. HUXLEY,
+F.R.S., Professor of Natural History, Government School of Mines.
+
+[Read June 3rd, 1858.]
+
+
+Some time ago my friend Dr. Sinclair, of New Zealand, had the kindness
+to offer me two specimens of the Pearly Nautilus which had been brought
+to him from New Caledonia, preserved in Goadby's solution. I gladly
+accepted the present, and looked forward to the dissection of the rare
+animal with no little pleasure; but on proceeding to examine one of the
+specimens, I found its anatomical value greatly diminished by the manner
+in which a deposit from the solution had glued together some of the
+internal viscera. Other parts of the Nautilus, however, were in a very
+good state of preservation; and I have noted down such novel and
+interesting peculiarities as they presented, in the hope that an account
+of them will be acceptable to the Linnean Society.
+
+Of the six apertures which, besides the genital and anal outlets, open
+into the branchial cavity of _Nautilus pompilius_, one on each side lies
+immediately above and in front of that fold of the inner wall of the
+mantle which forms the lower root of the smaller and inner gill, and
+encloses the branchial vein of that gill. The aperture is elongated and
+narrow, with rather prominent lips. It measures about 1/8th of an inch.
+
+The other two apertures are larger, and lie at a distance of 7/16ths of
+an inch below and behind the other. They are in close juxta-position,
+being separated only by a thin triangular fold of membrane, which
+constitutes the inner lip of the one and the outer lip of the other.
+
+The inner aperture is the larger, measuring 3/16ths of an inch in long
+diameter, and having the form of a triangle with its base directed
+posteriorly. The outer aperture is not more than 1/8th of an inch long.
+The two apertures lie just above the edge of the fold of membrane which
+runs from the inner root of the larger or outer branchia, across the
+branchial cavity and beneath the rectum, to the other side.
+
+These apertures lead into five sacs, which collectively constitute what
+has been described as the pericardium. The sacs into which the superior
+apertures open, by a short wide canal with folded walls, are situated on
+each side of and above the rectum. Their inner boundaries are separated
+by a space of not less than 5/8ths of an inch in width, in which lie
+the vena cava and the oviduct. Each cavity has a rounded circumference,
+and a transverse diameter of about half an inch. In a direction at right
+angles to this diameter the dimensions vary with its state of
+distension; but a quarter of an inch would be a fair average.
+
+The anterior or outer wall of the cavity is formed by the mantle; the
+posterior, inner, or visceral wall by a delicate membrane. The former
+separates it from the branchial cavity; the latter from the fifth sac,
+to be described by-and-by. I could find no natural aperture in the thin
+inner wall, so that I conceive no communication can take place between
+either of these sacs and the fifth sac.
+
+Two irregular, flattened, brownish, soft plates depend from the
+posterior wall of the sac into its cavity; their attached edges are
+fixed along a line which is directed from behind obliquely forwards and
+upwards.
+
+The outer and smaller of the inferior apertures on each side leads into
+a sac of similar dimensions and constitution to the preceding, but
+having a less rounded outline in consequence of its being flattened in
+one direction against its fellow of the opposite side, from which it is
+separated only by a delicate membranous wall, whilst on another side it
+is applied against the inferior wall of the superior sac, and is in like
+manner separated from it only by a thin and membranous partition.
+
+Like the upper sacs, each of these has two dark-brown, lamellar,
+glandular masses depending from its membranous visceral wall.
+
+A delicate, but broad, triangular membranous process, about 1/4th of an
+inch long, hangs down freely from the visceral wall of the cavity just
+behind the opening of the short canal which connects the sac with its
+aperture.
+
+The third and largest aperture on each side opens directly into a very
+large fifth cavity, whose boundary is formed anteriorly by the visceral
+walls of the sacs already described, and behind this by the mantle
+itself as far as the horny band which marks and connects the insertion
+of the shell-muscles.
+
+In fact this cavity may be said to be co-extensive with the attached
+part of the mantle,--the viscera, enclosed within their delicate
+"peritoneal" membranous coat, projecting into and nearly filling it, but
+nevertheless leaving a clear space between themselves and the delicate
+posterior wall of the mantle.
+
+A layer of the "peritoneal" membrane extends from the posterior edge of
+the muscular expansion which lies between the shell-muscles and from the
+upper wall of the dilatation of the vena cava, and passes upwards and
+backwards like a diaphragm to the under surfaces of the gizzard and
+liver. It is traversed by the aorta, to whose coats it closely adheres.
+
+Along a line nearly corresponding with the horny band which proceeds
+from the insertions of the shell-muscles and encircles the mantle below,
+the pallial wall is produced inwards and forwards into a membranous fold
+or ligament, which I will call the pallio-visceral ligament; and this
+pallio-visceral ligament becoming attached to various viscera, divides
+the great fifth chamber into an anterior inferior, and a posterior
+superior portion, which communicate freely with one another.
+
+Commencing with its extreme right-hand end, the ligament is inserted
+into the line of reflection of the mantle, and then into the wall of the
+oviduct, which becomes enclosed as it were within the ligament. The
+latter then ends in a free edge on the inner side of the oviduct, and is
+continued along it until it reaches the inferior surface of the apex of
+the ovary, into which it is inserted.
+
+The free edge is arcuated; and the rectum passes over it, but is in no
+way connected with it.
+
+Here, therefore, is one great passage of communication between the
+anterior and posterior divisions of the fifth chamber.
+
+On the left side, this aperture is limited by the heart, whose posterior
+edge is, on the left side, connected by means of a ligamentous band with
+the surface of the apex of the ovary; but on the right, for the greater
+part of its extent, receives a process of the pallio-visceral ligament.
+Between the ovario-cardiac ligament and this process lies the small oval
+aperture already described by Professor Owen, which gives passage to the
+siphonal artery. It constitutes the middle aperture of communication
+between the two divisions of the fifth chamber.
+
+The left-hand end of the ligament is inserted into the upper wall of the
+dilated end of the vena cava; but between this point and the heart it
+has a free arcuated edge, as on the right side.
+
+Thus there are in reality three apertures of communication between the
+two divisions of the fifth chamber, the middle, by far the smallest,
+being alone hitherto known.
+
+A delicate membranous band passes from the whole length of the middle
+line of the rectum to the heart and to the ovary.
+
+The singular "pyriform appendage" of the heart lies in the left process
+of the ligament, its anterior edge nearly following the arcuated contour
+of that process.
+
+The siphuncular process of the mantle was broken in my specimen; but
+its aperture appeared to communicate quite freely with the posterior
+division of the fifth chamber.
+
+Four sets of brownish, glandular-looking bodies depend into the anterior
+division of the fifth chamber, from parts of the delicate septa dividing
+this from the four small sacs, corresponding with the insertions of the
+glandular bodies above described.
+
+In fact, on distending the vena cava with air, it is found that the four
+branchial arteries traverse these septa, and that the appendages in
+question are diverticula of their walls. Consequently the anterior wall
+of each branchial vein is produced into two glandular appendages, which
+hang into one of the four smaller sacs, while the posterior wall is
+produced into a single mass of appendages, which hangs into the anterior
+division of the fifth chamber.
+
+Although, as I believe, the five chambers do not communicate directly,
+all the appendages must nevertheless be equally bathed with sea-water,
+which enters by the apertures of the chambers.
+
+An impacted yellowish-white concretionary matter filled the anterior
+chamber; and a small quantity of it lay as a fine powder at the bottom
+of the posterior one. In the latter, however, its presence might, by
+possibility, have been accidental. My colleague, Dr. Percy, who kindly
+undertook to examine this substance, informs me that he has been unable
+to detect uric acid in it. The follicular appendages of the branchial
+arteries present remarkable differences in their external appearance.
+The eight which hang into the four anterior chambers are similar,
+slightly festooned, but otherwise simple lamellae; while the four which
+depend into the posterior chambers are produced into a number of
+papillary processes. This external difference is obvious enough: whether
+it be accompanied by a corresponding discrepancy in minute structure I
+am unable to say; for I have not as yet been able to arrive at any
+satisfactory results from the microscopic examination of the altered
+tissues, and, as will be seen below, the only observer who has had the
+opportunity of examining the Nautilus in the fresh state has not noted
+any difference of structure in the two sets of follicles.
+
+One is naturally led to seek among other mollusks for a structure
+analogous to the vast posterior aquiferous chamber of the Nautilus; and
+it appears to me that something quite similar is offered by the
+_Ascidioida_ and the _Brachiopoda_. In both cases, the viscera, inclosed
+within a delicate tissue, project into a large cavity communicating
+freely with the exterior by the cloacal aperture in the one case, and
+by the funnel-shaped channels which have been miscalled "hearts" in the
+other.
+
+The rudimentary renal organs of the Ascidian are developed in the walls
+of the cavity in question; and an aquiferous chamber of smaller
+dimensions has the same relation to the kidney in Lamellibranchiata--in
+Gasteropoda, Heteropoda, Pteropoda, and dibranchiate Cephalopoda. But
+although such is likely enough to be the case, we do not know at present
+that the aquiferous chambers in any of the last named mollusks attain an
+extension similar to that which obtains in Nautilus.
+
+On comparing the observations detailed above with the statements of
+previous writers, I find that, in his well-known "Memoir on the Pearly
+Nautilus" (1832), Professor Owen describes "on each side, at the roots
+of the branchiae," "a small mamillary eminence with a transverse slit
+which conducts from the branchial cavity into the pericardium. There is,
+moreover, a foramen at the lower part of the cavity (_o_, pl. 5)
+permitting the escape of a small vessel; and by the side of this vessel
+a free passage is continued between the gizzard and ovary into the
+membranous tube or siphon that traverses the divisions of the shell,
+thus establishing a communication between the interior of that tube and
+the exterior of the animal."
+
+The foramen here described is easily seen; but, as I have stated, there
+are other modes of communication between the so-called pericardium and
+the cavity with which the siphuncle communicates, of a far more
+extensive nature.
+
+With respect to the pericardium itself, Professor Owen states, "The
+peritoneum, after lining the cavity which contains the crop and liver,
+and enveloping those viscera, forms two distinct pouches at the bottom
+of the pallial sac, in one of which, the left, is contained the gizzard,
+and in the other the ovary; anterior to these, and on the ventral aspect
+of the liver, is another distinct cavity, of a square shape, which
+contains the heart and principal vessels, with the glandular appendages
+connected therewith." This is what the author terms the pericardium.
+
+As Van der Hoeven has pointed out, however, the gizzard lies to the
+right and the ovary to the left. Moreover, the gizzard is superior to
+the ovary, so as only to overlap it a little above; and I can find no
+evidence of the existence of such distinct pouches as those described.
+
+Professor Owen states that the branchiae "arise by a common peduncle from
+the inner surface of the mantle." My own observations, however, and Van
+der Hoeven's figures, of both male and female, lead me to believe that
+the peduncles of the branchiae are perfectly distinct from one another.
+
+The follicles of the branchial arteries are thus described in the
+"Memoir on the Pearly Nautilus:"--"They are short and pyriform and
+closely set together. To each of the branchial arteries are appended
+three clusters of these glands, of which one is larger than the united
+volume of both the others; and the larger cluster is situated on one
+side of the vessel and the two smaller on the opposite side. Each of
+these clusters is contained in a membranous receptacle proper to itself,
+partitioned off, as it were, from the pericardium, but communicating
+with it.... The two canals which form the communication between the
+pericardium and the branchial cavity commence at the receptacle of the
+lesser cluster attached to the superior branchial arteries, and
+terminate at the papillae before mentioned, which are situated at the
+roots of the branchiae. The pericardium and these receptacles of the
+glands, when first laid open, were found filled with a coagulated
+substance so closely compacted as to require a careful removal, bit by
+bit, before the contained follicles and vessels could be brought into
+view."
+
+Like Valenciennes and Van der Hoeven, I have been unable to find any
+communication between the four sacs in which the small double clusters
+of follicles are contained, and the "pericardium;" and I hold it to be
+certain that the other four sets of follicles are not contained in sacs
+at all, but lie free in the "pericardium" or posterior chamber.
+
+No notice is here taken of the widely different characters of the
+anterior and posterior follicles; and the figure gives both a similar
+structure.
+
+Valenciennes ("Nouvelles Recherches sur le Nautile Flambe," 'Archives du
+Museum,' ii., 1841) pointed out the existence of three pairs of
+apertures opening into the branchial sac, besides the genital and anal
+openings; and he affirms that they open into as many closed sacs, which
+communicate neither with one another nor with the cavity that contains
+the heart. M. Valenciennes indicates the difference in the structure of
+the anterior and posterior venous appendages. He seems to me to have
+seen something of the part which I have described as the pallio-visceral
+ligament; but I cannot clearly comprehend either his figure or his
+description.
+
+Van der Hoeven, in his 'Contributions to the Knowledge of the Animal of
+_Nautilus pompilius_,' 1850, confirmed the statement of Valenciennes
+with regard to the existence of three pairs of apertures; but he showed,
+in opposition to him, that one of these pairs of apertures communicated
+with the pericardium. The sacs into which the other two pairs open are,
+according to this anatomist, blind. In the aperture of the anterior
+blind sac he found a concretionary matter which he supposed to contain
+uric acid, but chemical analysis did not confirm the supposition. Van
+der Hoeven refers to some observations by Vrolik; but as these are in
+Dutch, and have not, so far as I can find, been translated into either
+French, German, or English, I know not what they may contain.
+
+In his more recent essay, translated in 'Wiegmann's Archiv' for 1857,
+under the title of "Beitrag zur Anatomie von _Nautilus pompilius_," Van
+der Hoeven states that he has again found hard concretions in the
+chamber enclosing the appendage of the anterior branchial artery, and
+that these on chemical analysis yielded phosphate of lime and traces of
+fat and albumen, but no uric acid.
+
+Mr. Macdonald, in a valuable paper on the anatomy of _Nautilus
+umbilicatus_, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1855, thus
+describes the follicular appendages of the branchial arteries:--
+
+"These follicles are subcylindrical in form, somewhat dilated at the
+free extremity, to which is appended a folded and funnel-shaped process
+of membrane, which expands rather suddenly, presenting a jagged and
+irregular border. They open by a smooth and oval or slit-like, orifice
+into the afferent pulmonary vessels, on each of which, as Professor Owen
+has observed, they are disposed in three clusters. The outer membrane is
+smooth and glassy, homogeneous in structure and sprinkled over with
+minute rounded and transparent bodies, probably the nuclei of cells.
+Beneath this layer, flat bundles of fibres, apparently muscular, are
+traceable here and there, principally disposed in a longitudinal
+direction, and sometimes branched. The lining membrane consists of a
+loose epithelial pavement in many respects similar to that of the
+uriniferous tubules of the higher animals, the cells containing, besides
+the nuclei, numerous minute oil-globules, or a substance much resembling
+concrete fatty matter. This membrane is thrown up into an infinite
+number of papillae and corrugations, so as to augment the extent of
+surface considerably. The papillae are more numerous at the inner part or
+towards the attached end; and a circlet of longitudinally disposed folds
+radiate from the bottom of the follicles, in which a number of small
+pits or fenestrations are sometimes visible. The sides of these folds
+are wrinkled transversely so as to present a median zigzag elevation.
+The funnel-shaped membranous process above noticed is continuous with
+the lining membrane, consisting of an extension of the same epithelial
+pavement; but the cells are somewhat larger and more regular in form.
+The cavity of each follicle, therefore, communicates with the exterior
+through the centre of this process; and the aperture is thus guarded by
+a kind of circular valve, permitting the escape of secreted matter, but
+effectually preventing the entrance of fluid from without."
+
+In his fig. 9, pl. xv., Mr. Macdonald depicts certain "crystalline
+bodies often occurring within the follicles."
+
+From what Mr. Macdonald states, one would be led to conclude that all
+the follicles have the same structure; but I suspect this to be an
+oversight.
+
+[Illustration: _Nautilus pompilius._ Fig. 1.
+
+Viewed from the left side and a little behind.
+
+Two of the anterior chambers, and the fifth or posterior chamber, laid
+open. Natural size.
+
+_a._ Shell muscle. _b._ Ovary. _c._ Intestine. _d._ Heart; _d'._ its
+pyriform appendage. _e._ Superior anterior chamber; _e'._ its follicles.
+_f._ Inferior anterior chamber; _f'._ its follicles. _g._ Posterior
+chamber; _g'._ Follicles. _h._ Cut ends of branchial arteries. _i._
+Termination of vena cava. _k._ Pallio-visceral ligament.]
+
+In the second edition of Professor Owen's Lectures on the Invertebrata
+(1855), I find no mention of Valenciennes' discovery of the additional
+four apertures; but the author states that "on each side, at the roots
+of the anterior branchiae, there is a small mamillary eminence with a
+transverse slit, which conducts from the branchial cavity to one of the
+compartments of the pericardium containing two clusters of venous
+glands. There are also two similar, but smaller, slits, contiguous to
+one another, near the root of the posterior branchia on each side, which
+lead to and may admit sea-water into the compartments containing the
+posterior cluster of the venous follicles." In this work the ovary is
+not only described, but _figured_, on the right side of the gizzard. The
+figure, however, rightly places the greater part of the ovary below that
+organ.
+
+[Illustration: _Nautilus pompilius._ Fig. 2.
+
+Natural Size.
+
+The pallio-visceral ligament seen from below: torn on the right side to
+show the rectum and oviduct; cut through on the left side along the
+dotted line close to _d'_ in the preceding figure.
+
+_a._ Anus. _b._ Oviducal aperture. _c._ Heart. _d._ Left branchial
+veins. _e._ Right branchial veins. _f._ Oviduct cut through. _g._ Ovary.
+_h._ Rectum. _i._ Mantle. _k k k._ Pallio-visceral ligament; _k'._ its
+torn portion. The oval "aperture for the siphonal artery" is seen to the
+left of _c'_, and the right-hand style in _Fig._ 1 passes through it.]
+
+
+
+
+On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of
+Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection. By CHARLES DARWIN,
+Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., & F.G.S., and ALFRED WALLACE, Esq. Communicated by
+Sir CHARLES LYELL, F.R.S., F.L.S., and J. D. HOOKER, Esq., M.D.,
+V.P.R.S., F.L.S., &c.
+
+[Read July 1st, 1858.]
+
+London, June 30th, 1858.
+
+
+MY DEAR SIR,--The accompanying papers, which we have the honour of
+communicating to the Linnean Society, and which all relate to the same
+subject, viz. the Laws which affect the Production of Varieties, Races,
+and Species, contain the results of the investigations of two
+indefatigable naturalists, Mr. Charles Darwin and Mr. Alfred Wallace.
+
+These gentlemen having, independently and unknown to one another,
+conceived the same very ingenious theory to account for the appearance
+and perpetuation of varieties and of specific forms on our planet, may
+both fairly claim the merit of being original thinkers in this important
+line of inquiry; but neither of them having published his views, though
+Mr. Darwin has for many years past been repeatedly urged by us to do so,
+and both authors having now unreservedly placed their papers in our
+hands, we think it would best promote the interests of science that a
+selection from them should be laid before the Linnean Society.
+
+Taken in the order of their dates, they consist of:--
+
+1. Extracts from a MS. work on Species[A], by Mr. Darwin, which was
+sketched in 1839, and copied in 1844, when the copy was read by Dr.
+Hooker, and its contents afterwards communicated to Sir Charles Lyell.
+The first Part is devoted to "The Variation of Organic Beings under
+Domestication and in their Natural State;" and the second chapter of
+that Part, from which we propose to read to the Society the extracts
+referred to, is headed, "On the Variation of Organic Beings in a state
+of Nature; on the Natural Means of Selection; on the Comparison of
+Domestic Races and true Species."
+
+2. An abstract of a private letter addressed to Professor Asa Gray, of
+Boston, U.S., in October 1857, by Mr. Darwin, in which he repeats his
+views, and which shows that these remained unaltered from 1839 to 1857.
+
+3. An Essay by Mr. Wallace, entitled "On the Tendency of Varieties to
+depart indefinitely from the Original Type." This was written at Ternate
+in February 1858, for the perusal of his friend and correspondent Mr.
+Darwin, and sent to him with the expressed wish that it should be
+forwarded to Sir Charles Lyell, if Mr. Darwin thought it sufficiently
+novel and interesting. So highly did Mr. Darwin appreciate the value of
+the views therein set forth, that he proposed, in a letter to Sir
+Charles Lyell, to obtain Mr. Wallace's consent to allow the Essay to be
+published as soon as possible. Of this step we highly approved, provided
+Mr. Darwin did not withhold from the public, as he was strongly inclined
+to do (in favour of Mr. Wallace), the memoir which he had himself
+written on the same subject, and which, as before stated, one of us had
+perused in 1844, and the contents of which we had both of us been privy
+to for many years. On representing this to Mr. Darwin, he gave us
+permission to make what use we thought proper of his memoir, &c.; and in
+adopting our present course, of presenting it to the Linnean Society, we
+have explained to him that we are not solely considering the relative
+claims to priority of himself and his friend, but the interests of
+science generally; for we feel it to be desirable that views founded on
+a wide deduction from facts, and matured by years of reflection, should
+constitute at once a goal from which others may start, and that, while
+the scientific world is waiting for the appearance of Mr. Darwin's
+complete work, some of the leading results of his labours, as well as
+those of his able correspondent, should together be laid before the
+public.
+
+We have the honour to be yours very obediently,
+
+                                         CHARLES LYELL.
+                                         JOS. D. HOOKER.
+
+_J. J. Bennett, Esq.,_
+  _Secretary of the Linnean Society._
+
+
+I. _Extract from an unpublished Work on Species, by_ C. DARWIN, Esq.,
+_consisting of a portion of a Chapter entitled, "On the Variation of
+Organic Beings in a state of Nature; on the Natural Means of Selection;
+on the Comparison of Domestic Races and true Species._"
+
+De Candolle, in an eloquent passage, has declared that all nature is at
+war, one organism with another, or with external nature. Seeing the
+contented face of nature, this may at first well be doubted; but
+reflection will inevitably prove it to be true. The war, however, is not
+constant, but recurrent in a slight degree at short periods, and more
+severely at occasional more distant periods; and hence its effects are
+easily overlooked. It is the doctrine of Malthus applied in most cases
+with tenfold force. As in every climate there are seasons, for each of
+its inhabitants, of greater and less abundance, so all annually breed;
+and the moral restraint which in some small degree checks the increase
+of mankind is entirely lost. Even slow-breeding mankind has doubled in
+twenty-five years; and if he could increase his food with greater ease,
+he would double in less time. But for animals without artificial means,
+the amount of food for each species must, _on an average_, be constant,
+whereas the increase of all organisms tends to be geometrical, and in a
+vast majority of cases at an enormous ratio. Suppose in a certain spot
+there are eight pairs of birds, and that _only_ four pairs of them
+annually (including double hatches) rear only four young, and that these
+go on rearing their young at the same rate, then at the end of seven
+years (a short life, excluding violent deaths, for any bird) there will
+be 2048 birds, instead of the original sixteen. As this increase is
+quite impossible, we must conclude either that birds do not rear nearly
+half their young, or that the average life of a bird is, from accident,
+not nearly seven years. Both checks probably concur. The same kind of
+calculation applied to all plants and animals affords results more or
+less striking, but in very few instances more striking than in man.
+
+Many practical illustrations of this rapid tendency to increase are on
+record, among which, during peculiar seasons, are the extraordinary
+numbers of certain animals; for instance, during the years 1826 to 1828,
+in La Plata, when from drought some millions of cattle perished, the
+whole country actually _swarmed_ with mice. Now I think it cannot be
+doubted that during the breeding-season all the mice (with the exception
+of a few males or females in excess) ordinarily pair, and therefore that
+this astounding increase during three years must be attributed to a
+greater number than usual surviving the first year, and then breeding,
+and so on till the third year, when their numbers were brought down to
+their usual limits on the return of wet weather. Where man has
+introduced plants and animals into a new and favourable country, there
+are many accounts in how surprisingly few years the whole country has
+become stocked with them. This increase would necessarily stop as soon
+as the country was fully stocked; and yet we have every reason to
+believe, from what is known of wild animals, that _all_ would pair in
+the spring. In the majority of cases it is most difficult to imagine
+where the checks fall--though generally, no doubt, on the seeds, eggs,
+and young; but when we remember how impossible, even in mankind (so much
+better known than any other animal), it is to infer from repeated casual
+observations what the average duration of life is, or to discover the
+different percentage of deaths to births in different countries, we
+ought to feel no surprise at our being unable to discover where the
+check falls in any animal or plant. It should always be remembered, that
+in most cases the checks are recurrent yearly in a small, regular
+degree, and in an extreme degree during unusually cold, hot, dry, or wet
+years, according to the constitution of the being in question. Lighten
+any check in the least degree, and the geometrical powers of increase in
+every organism will almost instantly increase the average number of the
+favoured species. Nature may be compared to a surface on which rest ten
+thousand sharp wedges touching each other and driven inwards by
+incessant blows. Fully to realize these views much reflection is
+requisite. Malthus on man should be studied; and all such cases as those
+of the mice in La Plata, of the cattle and horses when first turned out
+in South America, of the birds by our calculation, &c., should be well
+considered. Reflect on the enormous multiplying power _inherent and
+annually in action_ in all animals; reflect on the countless seeds
+scattered by a hundred ingenious contrivances, year after year, over the
+whole face of the land; and yet we have every reason to suppose that the
+average percentage of each of the inhabitants of a country usually
+remains constant. Finally, let it be borne in mind that this average
+number of individuals (the external conditions remaining the same) in
+each country is kept up by recurrent struggles against other species or
+against external nature (as on the borders of the Arctic regions, where
+the cold checks life), and that ordinarily each individual of every
+species holds its place, either by its own struggle and capacity of
+acquiring nourishment in some period of its life, from the egg upwards;
+or by the struggle of its parents (in short-lived organisms, when the
+main check occurs at longer intervals) with other individuals of the
+_same_ or _different_ species.
+
+But let the external conditions of a country alter. If in a small
+degree, the relative proportions of the inhabitants will in most cases
+simply be slightly changed; but let the number of inhabitants be small,
+as on an island, and free access to it from other countries be
+circumscribed, and let the change of conditions continue progressing
+(forming new stations), in such a case the original inhabitants must
+cease to be as perfectly adapted to the changed conditions as they were
+originally. It has been shown in a former part of this work, that such
+changes of external conditions would, from their acting on the
+reproductive system, probably cause the organization of those beings
+which were most affected to become, as under domestication, plastic.
+Now, can it be doubted, from the struggle each individual has to obtain
+subsistence, that any minute variation in structure, habits, or
+instincts, adapting that individual better to the new conditions, would
+tell upon its vigour and health? In the struggle it would have a better
+_chance_ of surviving; and those of its offspring which inherited the
+variation, be it ever so slight, would also have a better _chance_.
+Yearly more are bred than can survive; the smallest grain in the
+balance, in the long run, must tell on which death shall fall, and which
+shall survive. Let this work of selection on the one hand, and death on
+the other, go on for a thousand generations, who will pretend to affirm
+that it would produce no effect, when we remember what, in a few years,
+Bakewell effected in cattle, and Western in sheep, by this identical
+principle of selection?
+
+To give an imaginary example from changes in progress on an island:--let
+the organization of a canine animal which preyed chiefly on rabbits, but
+sometimes on hares, become slightly plastic; let these same changes
+cause the number of rabbits very slowly to decrease, and the number of
+hares to increase; the effect of this would be that the fox or dog would
+be driven to try to catch more hares: his organization, however, being
+slightly plastic, those individuals with the lightest forms, longest
+limbs, and best eyesight, let the difference be ever so small, would be
+slightly favoured, and would tend to live longer, and to survive during
+that time of the year when food was scarcest; they would also rear more
+young, which would tend to inherit these slight peculiarities. The less
+fleet ones would be rigidly destroyed. I can see no more reason to doubt
+that these causes in a thousand generations would produce a marked
+effect, and adapt the form of the fox or dog to the catching of hares
+instead of rabbits, than that greyhounds can be improved by selection
+and careful breeding. So would it be with plants under similar
+circumstances. If the number of individuals of a species with plumed
+seeds could be increased by greater powers of dissemination within its
+own area (that is, if the check to increase fell chiefly on the seeds),
+those seeds which were provided with ever so little more down, would in
+the long run be most disseminated; hence a greater number of seeds thus
+formed would germinate, and would tend to produce plants inheriting the
+slightly better-adapted down[B].
+
+Besides this natural means of selection, by which those individuals are
+preserved, whether in their egg, or larval, or mature state, which are
+best adapted to the place they fill in nature, there is a second agency
+at work in most unisexual animals, tending to produce the same effect,
+namely, the struggle of the males for the females. These struggles are
+generally decided by the law of battle, but in the case of birds,
+apparently, by the charms of their song, by their beauty or their power
+of courtship, as in the dancing rock-thrush of Guiana. The most vigorous
+and healthy males, implying perfect adaptation, must generally gain the
+victory in their contests. This kind of selection, however, is less
+rigorous than the other; it does not require the death of the less
+successful, but gives to them fewer descendants. The struggle falls,
+moreover, at a time of year when food is generally abundant, and perhaps
+the effect chiefly produced would be the modification of the secondary
+sexual characters, which are not related to the power of obtaining food,
+or to defence from enemies, but to fighting with or rivalling other
+males. The result of this struggle amongst the males may be compared in
+some respects to that produced by those agriculturists who pay less
+attention to the careful selection of all their young animals, and more
+to the occasional use of a choice mate.
+
+
+II. _Abstract of a Letter from_ C. DARWIN, Esq., _to_ Prof. ASA GRAY,
+_Boston, U.S., dated Down, September 5th, 1857._
+
+1. It is wonderful what the principle of selection by man, that is the
+picking out of individuals with any desired quality, and breeding from
+them, and again picking out, can do. Even breeders have been astounded
+at their own results. They can act on differences inappreciable to an
+uneducated eye. Selection has been _methodically_ followed in _Europe_
+for only the last half century; but it was occasionally, and even in
+some degree methodically, followed in the most ancient times. There must
+have been also a kind of unconscious selection from a remote period,
+namely in the preservation of the individual animals (without any
+thought of their offspring) most useful to each race of man in his
+particular circumstances. The "roguing," as nurserymen call the
+destroying of varieties which depart from their type, is a kind of
+selection. I am convinced that intentional and occasional selection has
+been the main agent in the production of our domestic races; but however
+this may be, its great power of modification has been indisputably shown
+in later times. Selection acts only by the accumulation of slight or
+greater variations, caused by external conditions, or by the mere fact
+that in generation the child is not absolutely similar to its parent.
+Man, by this power of accumulating variations, adapts living beings to
+his wants--may be said to make the wool of one sheep good for carpets,
+of another for cloth, &c.
+
+2. Now suppose there were a being who did not judge by mere external
+appearances, but who could study the whole internal organization, who
+was never capricious, and should go on selecting for one object during
+millions of generations; who will say what he might not effect? In
+nature we have some _slight_ variation occasionally in all parts; and I
+think it can be shown that changed conditions of existence is the main
+cause of the child not exactly resembling its parents; and in nature
+geology shows us what changes have taken place, and are taking place. We
+have almost unlimited time; no one but a practical geologist can fully
+appreciate this. Think of the Glacial period, during the whole of which
+the same species at least of shells have existed; there must have been
+during this period millions on millions of generations.
+
+3. I think it can be shown that there is such an unerring power at work
+in _Natural Selection_ (the title of my book), which selects exclusively
+for the good of each organic being. The elder De Candolle, W. Herbert,
+and Lyell have written excellently on the struggle for life; but even
+they have not written strongly enough. Reflect that every being (even
+the elephant) breeds at such a rate, that in a few years, or at most a
+few centuries, the surface of the earth would not hold the progeny of
+one pair. I have found it hard constantly to bear in mind that the
+increase of every single species is checked during some part of its
+life, or during some shortly recurrent generation. Only a few of those
+annually born can live to propagate their kind. What a trifling
+difference must often determine which shall survive, and which perish!
+
+4. Now take the case of a country undergoing some change. This will tend
+to cause some of its inhabitants to vary slightly--not but that I
+believe most beings vary at all times enough for selection to act on
+them. Some of its inhabitants will be exterminated; and the remainder
+will be exposed to the mutual action of a different set of inhabitants,
+which I believe to be far more important to the life of each being than
+mere climate. Considering the infinitely various methods which living
+beings follow to obtain food by struggling with other organisms, to
+escape danger at various times of life, to have their eggs or seeds
+disseminated, &c. &c., I cannot doubt that during millions of
+generations individuals of a species will be occasionally born with some
+slight variation, profitable to some part of their economy. Such
+individuals will have a better chance of surviving, and of propagating
+their new and slightly different structure; and the modification may be
+slowly increased by the accumulative action of natural selection to any
+profitable extent. The variety thus formed will either coexist with, or,
+more commonly, will exterminate its parent form. An organic being, like
+the woodpecker or misseltoe, may thus come to be adapted to a score of
+contingences--natural selection accumulating those slight variations in
+all parts of its structure, which are in any way useful to it during any
+part of its life.
+
+5. Multiform difficulties will occur to every one, with respect to this
+theory. Many can, I think, be satisfactorily answered. _Natura non facit
+saltum_ answers some of the most obvious. The slowness of the change,
+and only a very few individuals undergoing change at any one time,
+answers others. The extreme imperfection of our geological records
+answers others.
+
+6. Another principle, which may be called the principle of divergence,
+plays, I believe, an important part in the origin of species. The same
+spot will support more life if occupied by very diverse forms. We see
+this in the many generic forms in a square yard of turf, and in the
+plants or insects on any little uniform islet, belonging almost
+invariably to as many genera and families as species. We can understand
+the meaning of this fact amongst the higher animals, whose habits we
+understand. We know that it has been experimentally shown that a plot of
+land will yield a greater weight if sown with several species and genera
+of grasses, than if sown with only two or three species. Now, every
+organic being, by propagating so rapidly, may be said to be striving its
+utmost to increase in numbers. So it will be with the offspring of any
+species after it has become diversified into varieties, or subspecies,
+or true species. And it follows, I think, from the foregoing facts, that
+the varying offspring of each species will try (only few will succeed)
+to seize on as many and as diverse places in the economy of nature as
+possible. Each new variety or species, when formed, will generally take
+the place of, and thus exterminate its less well-fitted parent. This I
+believe to be the origin of the classification and affinities of organic
+beings at all times; for organic beings always _seem_ to branch and
+sub-branch like the limbs of a tree from a common trunk, the flourishing
+and diverging twigs destroying the less vigorous--the dead and lost
+branches rudely representing extinct genera and families.
+
+This sketch is _most_ imperfect; but in so short a space I cannot make
+it better. Your imagination must fill up very wide blanks.
+
+C. DARWIN.
+
+
+III. _On the Tendency of Varieties to depart indefinitely from the
+Original Type._ By ALFRED RUSSELL WALLACE.
+
+One of the strongest arguments which have been adduced to prove the
+original and permanent distinctness of species is, that _varieties_
+produced in a state of domesticity are more or less unstable, and often
+have a tendency, if left to themselves, to return to the normal form of
+the parent species; and this instability is considered to be a
+distinctive peculiarity of all varieties, even of those occurring among
+wild animals in a state of nature, and to constitute a provision for
+preserving unchanged the originally created distinct species.
+
+In the absence or scarcity of facts and observations as to _varieties_
+occurring among wild animals, this argument has had great weight with
+naturalists, and has led to a very general and somewhat prejudiced
+belief in the stability of species. Equally general, however, is the
+belief in what are called "permanent or true varieties,"--races of
+animals which continually propagate their like, but which differ so
+slightly (although constantly) from some other race, that the one is
+considered to be a _variety_ of the other. Which is the _variety_ and
+which the original _species_, there is generally no means of
+determining, except in those rare cases in which the one race has been
+known to produce an offspring unlike itself and resembling the other.
+This, however, would seem quite incompatible with the "permanent
+invariability of species," but the difficulty is overcome by assuming
+that such varieties have strict limits, and can never again vary further
+from the original type, although they may return to it, which, from the
+analogy of the domesticated animals, is considered to be highly
+probable, if not certainly proved.
+
+It will be observed that this argument rests entirely on the assumption,
+that _varieties_ occurring in a state of nature are in all respects
+analogous to or even identical with those of domestic animals, and are
+governed by the same laws as regards their permanence or further
+variation. But it is the object of the present paper to show that this
+assumption is altogether false, that there is a general principle in
+nature which will cause many _varieties_ to survive the parent species,
+and to give rise to successive variations departing further and further
+from the original type, and which also produces, in domesticated
+animals, the tendency of varieties to return to the parent form.
+
+The life of wild animals is a struggle for existence. The full exertion
+of all their faculties and all their energies is required to preserve
+their own existence and provide for that of their infant offspring. The
+possibility of procuring food during the least favourable seasons, and
+of escaping the attacks of their most dangerous enemies, are the primary
+conditions which determine the existence both of individuals and of
+entire species. These conditions will also determine the population of a
+species; and by a careful consideration of all the circumstances we may
+be enabled to comprehend, and in some degree to explain, what at first
+sight appears so inexplicable--the excessive abundance of some species,
+while others closely allied to them are very rare.
+
+The general proportion that must obtain between certain groups of
+animals is readily seen. Large animals cannot be so abundant as small
+ones; the carnivora must be less numerous than the herbivora; eagles and
+lions can never be so plentiful as pigeons and antelopes; the wild asses
+of the Tartarian deserts cannot equal in numbers the horses of the more
+luxuriant prairies and pampas of America. The greater or less fecundity
+of an animal is often considered to be one of the chief causes of its
+abundance or scarcity; but a consideration of the facts will show us
+that it really has little or nothing to do with the matter. Even the
+least prolific of animals would increase rapidly if unchecked, whereas
+it is evident that the animal population of the globe must be
+stationary, or perhaps, through the influence of man, decreasing.
+Fluctuations there may be; but permanent increase, except in restricted
+localities, is almost impossible. For example, our own observation must
+convince us that birds do not go on increasing every year in a
+geometrical ratio, as they would do, were there not some powerful check
+to their natural increase. Very few birds produce less than two young
+ones each year, while many have six, eight, or ten; four will certainly
+be below the average; and if we suppose that each pair produce young
+only four times in their life, that will also be below the average,
+supposing them not to die either by violence or want of food. Yet at
+this rate how tremendous would be the increase in a few years from a
+single pair! A simple calculation will show that in fifteen years each
+pair of birds would have increased to nearly ten millions! whereas we
+have no reason to believe that the number of the birds of any country
+increases at all in fifteen or in one hundred and fifty years. With such
+powers of increase the population must have reached its limits, and have
+become stationary, in a very low years after the origin of each species.
+It is evident, therefore, that each year an immense number of birds must
+perish--as many in fact as are born; and as on the lowest calculation
+the progeny are each year twice as numerous as their parents, it follows
+that, whatever be the average number of individuals existing in any
+given country, _twice that number must perish annually_,--a striking
+result, but one which seems at least highly probable, and is perhaps
+under rather than over the truth. It would therefore appear that, as far
+as the continuance of the species and the keeping up the average number
+of individuals are concerned, large broods are superfluous. On the
+average all above _one_ become food for hawks and kites, wild cats and
+weasels, or perish of cold and hunger as winter comes on. This is
+strikingly proved by the case of particular species; for we find that
+their abundance in individuals bears no relation whatever to their
+fertility in producing offspring. Perhaps the most remarkable instance
+of an immense bird population is that of the passenger pigeon of the
+United States, which lays only one, or at most two eggs, and is said to
+rear generally but one young one. Why is this bird so extraordinarily
+abundant, while others producing two or three times as many young are
+much less plentiful? The explanation is not difficult. The food most
+congenial to this species, and on which it thrives best, is abundantly
+distributed over a very extensive region, offering such differences of
+soil and climate, that in one part or another of the area the supply
+never fails. The bird is capable of a very rapid and long-continued
+flight, so that it can pass without fatigue over the whole of the
+district it inhabits, and as soon as the supply of food begins to fail
+in one place is able to discover a fresh feeding-ground. This example
+strikingly shows us that the procuring a constant supply of wholesome
+food is almost the sole condition requisite for ensuring the rapid
+increase of a given species, since neither the limited fecundity, nor
+the unrestrained attacks of birds of prey and of man are here sufficient
+to check it. In no other birds are these peculiar circumstances so
+strikingly combined. Either their food is more liable to failure, or
+they have not sufficient power of wing to search for it over an
+extensive area, or during some season of the year it becomes very
+scarce, and less wholesome substitutes have to be found; and thus,
+though more fertile in offspring, they can never increase beyond the
+supply of food in the least favourable seasons. Many birds can only
+exist by migrating, when their food becomes scarce, to regions
+possessing a milder, or at least a different climate, though, as these
+migrating birds are seldom excessively abundant, it is evident that the
+countries they visit are still deficient in a constant and abundant
+supply of wholesome food. Those whose organization does not permit them
+to migrate when their food becomes periodically scarce, can never attain
+a large population. This is probably the reason why woodpeckers are
+scarce with us, while in the tropics they are among the most abundant of
+solitary birds. Thus the house sparrow is more abundant than the
+redbreast, because its food is more constant and plentiful,--seeds of
+grasses being preserved during the winter, and our farm-yards and
+stubble-fields furnishing an almost inexhaustible supply. Why, as a
+general rule, are aquatic, and especially sea birds, very numerous in
+individuals? Not because they are more prolific than others, generally
+the contrary; but because their food never fails, the sea-shores and
+river-banks daily swarming with a fresh supply of small mollusca and
+crustacea. Exactly the same laws will apply to mammals. Wild cats are
+prolific and have few enemies; why then are they never as abundant as
+rabbits? The only intelligible answer is, that their supply of food is
+more precarious. It appears evident, therefore, that so long as a
+country remains physically unchanged, the numbers of its animal
+population cannot materially increase. If one species does so, some
+others requiring the same kind of food must diminish in proportion. The
+numbers that die annually must be immense; and as the individual
+existence of each animal depends upon itself, those that die must be the
+weakest--the very young, the aged, and the diseased,--while those that
+prolong their existence can only be the most perfect in health and
+vigour--those who are best able to obtain food regularly, and avoid
+their numerous enemies. It is, as we commenced by remarking, "a struggle
+for existence," in which the weakest and least perfectly organized must
+always succumb.
+
+Now it is clear that what takes place among the individuals of a species
+must also occur among the several allied species of a group,--viz. that
+those which are best adapted to obtain a regular supply of food, and to
+defend themselves against the attacks of their enemies and the
+vicissitudes of the seasons, must necessarily obtain and preserve a
+superiority in population; while those species which from some defect of
+power or organization are the least capable of counteracting the
+vicissitudes of food, supply, &c., must diminish in numbers, and, in
+extreme cases, become altogether extinct. Between these extremes the
+species will present various degrees of capacity for ensuring the means
+of preserving life; and it is thus we account for the abundance or
+rarity of species. Our ignorance will generally prevent us from
+accurately tracing the effects to their causes; but could we become
+perfectly acquainted with the organization and habits of the various
+species of animals, and could we measure the capacity of each for
+performing the different acts necessary to its safety and existence
+under all the varying circumstances by which it is surrounded, we might
+be able even to calculate the proportionate abundance of individuals
+which is the necessary result.
+
+If now we have succeeded in establishing these two points--1st, _that
+the animal population of a country is generally stationary, being kept
+down by a periodical deficiency of food, and other checks_; and, 2nd,
+_that the comparative abundance or scarcity of the individuals of the
+several species is entirely due to their organization and resulting
+habits, which, rendering it more difficult to procure a regular supply
+of food and to provide for their personal safety in some cases than in
+others, can only be balanced by a difference in the population which
+have to exist in a given area_--we shall be in a condition to proceed to
+the consideration of _varieties_, to which the preceding remarks have a
+direct and very important application.
+
+Most or perhaps all the variations from the typical form of a species
+must have some definite effect, however slight, on the habits or
+capacities of the individuals. Even a change of colour might, by
+rendering them more or less distinguishable, affect their safety; a
+greater or less development of hair might modify their habits. More
+important changes, such as an increase in the power or dimensions of the
+limbs or any of the external organs, would more or less affect their
+mode of procuring food or the range of country which they inhabit. It
+is also evident that most changes would affect, either favourably or
+adversely, the powers of prolonging existence. An antelope with shorter
+or weaker legs must necessarily suffer more from the attacks of the
+feline carnivora; the passenger pigeon with less powerful wings would
+sooner or later be affected in its powers of procuring a regular supply
+of food; and in both cases the result must necessarily be a diminution
+of the population of the modified species. If, on the other hand, any
+species should produce a variety having slightly increased powers of
+preserving existence, that variety must inevitably in time acquire a
+superiority in numbers. These results must follow as surely as old age,
+intemperance, or scarcity of food produce an increased mortality. In
+both cases there may be many individual exceptions; but on the average
+the rule will invariably be found to hold good. All varieties will
+therefore fall into two classes--those which under the same conditions
+would never reach the population of the parent species, and those which
+would in time obtain and keep a numerical superiority. Now, let some
+alteration of physical conditions occur in the district--a long period
+of drought, a destruction of vegetation by locusts, the irruption of
+some new carnivorous animal seeking "pastures new"--any change in fact
+tending to render existence more difficult to the species in question,
+and tasking its utmost powers to avoid complete extermination; it is
+evident that, of all the individuals composing the species, those
+forming the least numerous and most feebly organized variety would
+suffer first, and, were the pressure severe, must soon become extinct.
+The same causes continuing in action, the parent species would next
+suffer, would gradually diminish in numbers, and with a recurrence of
+similar unfavourable conditions might also become extinct. The superior
+variety would then alone remain, and on a return to favourable
+circumstances would rapidly increase in numbers and occupy the place of
+the extinct species and variety.
+
+The _variety_ would now have replaced the _species_, of which it would
+be a more perfectly developed and more highly organized form. It would
+be in all respects better adapted to secure its safety, and to prolong
+its individual existence and that of the race. Such a variety _could
+not_ return to the original form; for that form is an inferior one, and
+could never compete with it for existence. Granted, therefore, a
+"tendency" to reproduce the original type of the species, still the
+variety must ever remain preponderant in numbers, and under adverse
+physical conditions _again alone survive_. But this new, improved, and
+populous race might itself, in course of time, give rise to new
+varieties, exhibiting several diverging modifications of form, any of
+which, tending to increase the facilities for preserving existence,
+must, by the same general law, in their turn become predominant. Here,
+then, we have _progression and continued divergence_ deduced from the
+general laws which regulate the existence of animals in a state of
+nature, and from the undisputed fact that varieties do frequently occur.
+It is not, however, contended that this result would be invariable; a
+change of physical conditions in the district might at times materially
+modify it, rendering the race which had been the most capable of
+supporting existence under the former conditions now the least so, and
+even causing the extinction of the newer and, for a time, superior race,
+while the old or parent species and its first inferior varieties
+continued to flourish. Variations in unimportant parts might also occur,
+having no perceptible effect on the life-preserving powers; and the
+varieties so furnished might run a course parallel with the parent
+species, either giving rise to further variations or returning to the
+former type. All we argue for is, that certain varieties have a tendency
+to maintain their existence longer than the original species, and this
+tendency must make itself felt; for though the doctrine of chances or
+averages can never be trusted to on a limited scale, yet, if applied to
+high numbers, the results come nearer to what theory demands, and, as we
+approach to an infinity of examples, become strictly accurate. Now the
+scale on which nature works is so vast--the numbers of individuals and
+periods of time with which she deals approach so near to infinity, that
+any cause, however slight, and however liable to be veiled and
+counteracted by accidental circumstances, must in the end produce its
+full legitimate results.
+
+Let us now turn to domesticated animals, and inquire how varieties
+produced among them are affected by the principles here enunciated. The
+essential difference in the condition of wild and domestic animals is
+this,--that among the former, their well-being and very existence depend
+upon the full exercise and healthy condition of all their senses and
+physical powers, whereas, among the latter, these are only partially
+exercised, and in some cases are absolutely unused. A wild animal has to
+search, and often to labour, for every mouthful of food--to exercise
+sight, hearing, and smell in seeking it, and in avoiding dangers, in
+procuring shelter from the inclemency of the seasons, and in providing
+for the subsistence and safety of its offspring. There is no muscle of
+its body that is not called into daily and hourly activity; there is no
+sense or faculty that is not strengthened by continual exercise. The
+domestic animal, on the other hand, has food provided for it, is
+sheltered, and often confined, to guard it against the vicissitudes of
+the seasons, is carefully secured from the attacks of its natural
+enemies, and seldom even rears its young without human assistance. Half
+of its senses and faculties are quite useless; and the other half are
+but occasionally called into feeble exercise, while even its muscular
+system is only irregularly called into action.
+
+Now when a variety of such an animal occurs, having increased power or
+capacity in any organ or sense, such increase is totally useless, is
+never called into action, and may even exist without the animal ever
+becoming aware of it. In the wild animal, on the contrary, all its
+faculties and powers being brought into full action for the necessities
+of existence, any increase becomes immediately available, is
+strengthened by exercise, and must even slightly modify the food, the
+habits, and the whole economy of the race. It creates as it were a new
+animal, one of superior powers, and which will necessarily increase in
+numbers and outlive those inferior to it.
+
+Again, in the domesticated animal all variations have an equal chance of
+continuance; and those which would decidedly render a wild animal unable
+to compete with its fellows and continue its existence are no
+disadvantage whatever in a state of domesticity. Our quickly fattening
+pigs, short-legged sheep, pouter pigeons, and poodle dogs could never
+have come into existence in a state of nature, because the very first
+step towards such inferior forms would have led to the rapid extinction
+of the race; still less could they now exist in competition with their
+wild allies. The great speed but slight endurance of the race horse, the
+unwieldy strength of the ploughman's team, would both be useless in a
+state of nature. If turned wild on the pampas, such animals would
+probably soon become extinct, or under favourable circumstances might
+each lose those extreme qualities which would never be called into
+action, and in a few generations would revert to a common type, which
+must be that in which the various powers and faculties are so
+proportioned to each other as to be best adapted to procure food and
+secure safety,--that in which by the full exercise of every part of his
+organization the animal can alone continue to live. Domestic varieties,
+when turned wild, _must_ return to something near the type of the
+original wild stock, _or become altogether extinct_.
+
+We see, then, that no inferences as to varieties in a state of nature
+can be deduced from the observation of those occurring among domestic
+animals. The two are so much opposed to each other in every circumstance
+of their existence, that what applies to the one is almost sure not to
+apply to the other. Domestic animals are abnormal, irregular,
+artificial; they are subject to varieties which never occur and never
+can occur in a state of nature: their very existence depends altogether
+on human care; so far are many of them removed from that just proportion
+of faculties, that true balance of organization, by means of which alone
+an animal left to its own resources can preserve its existence and
+continue its race.
+
+The hypothesis of Lamarck--that progressive changes in species have been
+produced by the attempts of animals to increase the development of their
+own organs, and thus modify their structure and habits--has been
+repeatedly and easily refuted by all writers on the subject of varieties
+and species, and it seems to have been considered that when this was
+done the whole question has been finally settled; but the view here
+developed renders such an hypothesis quite unnecessary, by showing that
+similar results must be produced by the action of principles constantly
+at work in nature. The powerful retractile talons of the falcon- and the
+cat-tribes have not been produced or increased by the volition of those
+animals; but among the different varieties which occurred in the earlier
+and less highly organized forms of these groups, _those always survived
+longest which had the greatest facilities for seizing their prey_.
+Neither did the giraffe acquire its long neck by desiring to reach the
+foliage of the more lofty shrubs, and constantly stretching its neck for
+the purpose, but because any varieties which occurred among its
+antitypes with a longer neck than usual _at once secured a fresh range
+of pasture over the same ground as their shorter-necked companions, and
+on the first scarcity of food were thereby enabled to outlive them_.
+Even the peculiar colours of many animals, especially insects, so
+closely resembling the soil or the leaves or the trunks on which they
+habitually reside, are explained on the same principle; for though in
+the course of ages varieties of many tints may have occurred, _yet those
+races having colours best adapted to concealment from their enemies
+would inevitably survive the longest_. We have also here an acting cause
+to account for that balance so often observed in nature,--a deficiency
+in one set of organs always being compensated by an increased
+development of some others--powerful wings accompanying weak feet, or
+great velocity making up for the absence of defensive weapons; for it
+has been shown that all varieties in which an unbalanced deficiency
+occurred could not long continue their existence. The action of this
+principle is exactly like that of the centrifugal governor of the steam
+engine, which checks and corrects any irregularities almost before they
+become evident; and in like manner no unbalanced deficiency in the
+animal kingdom can ever reach any conspicuous magnitude, because it
+would make itself felt at the very first step, by rendering existence
+difficult and extinction almost sure soon to follow. An origin such as
+is here advocated will also agree with the peculiar character of the
+modifications of form and structure which obtain in organized
+beings--the many lines of divergence from a central type, the increasing
+efficiency and power of a particular organ through a succession of
+allied species, and the remarkable persistence of unimportant parts such
+as colour, texture of plumage and hair, form of horns or crests, through
+a series of species differing considerably in more essential characters.
+It also furnishes us with a reason for that "more specialized structure"
+which Professor Owen states to be a characteristic of recent compared
+with extinct forms, and which would evidently be the result of the
+progressive modification of any organ applied to a special purpose in
+the animal economy.
+
+We believe we have now shown that there is a tendency in nature to the
+continued progression of certain classes of _varieties_ further and
+further from the original type--a progression to which there appears no
+reason to assign any definite limits--and that the same principle which
+produces this result in a state of nature will also explain why domestic
+varieties have a tendency to revert to the original type. This
+progression, by minute steps, in various directions, but always checked
+and balanced by the necessary conditions, subject to which alone
+existence can be preserved, may, it is believed, be followed out so as
+to agree with all the phenomena presented by organized beings, their
+extinction and succession in past ages, and all the extraordinary
+modifications of form, instinct, and habits which they exhibit.
+
+Ternate, February, 1858.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] This MS. work was never intended for publication, and therefore was
+not written with care.--C. D. 1858.
+
+[B] I can see no more difficulty in this, than in the planter improving
+his varieties of the cotton plant.--C. D. 1858.
+
+
+
+
+Contributions to the Anatomy and Natural History of the Cetacea. By R.
+KNOX, Esq., M.D., F.R.S.E. Communicated by the Secretary.
+
+[Received Oct. 6, 1857.]
+
+
+Part I. THE DOLPHINS.
+
+The dissection of the Cetacea, and more especially of the larger kinds,
+is attended with great difficulty, and not unfrequently entails heavy
+expenses on those who attempt it. For these reasons I have thought that
+zoologists might be pleased to have, even now, submitted to them the
+results of numerous dissections made many years ago, when, not stinted
+in means, and having the aid of excellent assistants, I attempted the
+dissection even of the gigantic Arctic Rorqual, the largest, perhaps, of
+all living beings. Certain of the details have been from time to time
+laid before the public, but in an extremely scattered and incomplete
+form, and without the illustrations (artistic), which explain so much
+better than any verbal description. The greater part is still before me
+in manuscript. It is my intention in the following contributions to
+endeavour to connect them together, adding to those already published
+many facts I find in MSS. The original drawings, made by my brother and
+by Messrs. Edward Forbes and Henry Goodsir (who were at that time my
+students and assistants), are still in my possession.
+
+_Determination of Species._--The determination of species as regards the
+_Cetacea_ is one of much difficulty; Cuvier met this difficulty by an
+appeal to anatomy. The number of vertebrae composing the vertebral column
+(exclusive of the cephalic) seemed to me a tolerably secure guide in the
+determination of species,--being aware, however, that some doubted the
+method, believing that the number of the vertebrae might vary, first,
+with the individual, secondly with the age of the specimen. I still
+continue to be of my original opinion, that the number of vertebrae
+comprising the vertebral column, properly so called, may safely be
+trusted in determining the species of the Cetacea; and with this view I
+drew up the following Table, excepting from it the genus _Dugong_, which
+I have never considered to be a Cetacean:--
+
+_Tabular View of the Number of the Vertebrae in certain Cetacea._
+
+(Cephalic vertebrae excluded.)
+
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+|                              Authorities.                         |
+|                 ---------------------------------------------------
+|  SPECIES.       |  CUVIER. RUDOLPHI.   KNOX. J. HUNTER.   HUNTER  |
+|                 |                                       (Glasgow.)|
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|1. MYSTICETUS.   |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Skeleton of the  |         |         |        |        |           |
+|foetus (the      |         |         |        |        |           |
+|cervical reckoned|         |         |        |        |           |
+|as 7) of the     |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_Mysticetus_     |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_borealis_,      |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Greenland        |         |         |   48   |        |           |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Adult            |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_Mysticetus_,    |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Whale of         |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Commerce.        | unknown |         |        |        |           |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_B. Mysticetus_  |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_australis_, True|         |         |        |        |           |
+|Whale of the Cape|         |         |        |        |           |
+|Seas             |   59    |         |        |        |           |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|2. BALAENOPTERA.  |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Gigantic Northern|         |         |        |        |           |
+|Rorqual          |         |         |   65   |        |           |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Specimen of      |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Rorqual described|         |         |        |        |           |
+|by Rudolphi      |         |   54    |        |        |           |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_B. rostrata_ of |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Fabricius; on the|         |         |        |        |           |
+|authority of Van |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Beneden: A.      |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Rorqual          |         |         |        |        |    48     |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Great Whale at   |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Antwerp. Van     |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Beneden. Species |         |         |        |        |           |
+|not stated       |         |         |        |        | 61 or 62. |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|The lesser       |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Rorqual of the   |         |         |        |        |           |
+|North            |         |         |   48   |   46   |    46     |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Great Rorqual of |         |         |        |        |           |
+|the Cape         |   52    |         |        |        |           |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|3. PHYSETER.     |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Sperm Whale or   |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Cachalot         |   60    |         |        |        |           |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|4. DELPHINUS.    |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_D. Delphis_     |   67    |         |        |        |           |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_D. Delphis._ In |         |         |        |        |           |
+|my museum        |         |         |   81   |        |           |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_D. Delphis._ In |         |         |        |        |           |
+|the Museum of Dr.|         |         |        |        |           |
+|R. Hunter,       |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Glasgow          |         |         |        |        |    90     |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_D. Delphis._    |         |         |        |        |           |
+|Dissected by John|         |         |        |        |           |
+|Hunter           |         |         |        |   60   |           |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_D. Phocaena_     |   66    |         |   65   |   51   |           |
+|                 |         |         |        |        |           |
+|_D. Ebsenii._ Van|         |         |        |        |           |
+|Beneden          |         |         |        |        |    90     |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+In a late number of the 'Bulletins of the Royal Academy of Brussels' I
+find some valuable remarks in respect of these points by M. Van Beneden.
+He praises, and deservedly, no doubt, the exertions of M. Eschricht to
+collect a proper Museum of the Cetacea. It appears, according to M.
+Eschricht, that at no age whatever do we find in true whales (meaning, I
+presume, the _Mysticetus borealis_ and _australis_) any distinct
+vertebrae in the cervical region as in other mammals. A fusion of all
+into one bone or cartilage seems to take place even in the youngest
+foetus. In the foetus examined by me of this species (a specimen removed
+from the uterus of a true _Mysticetus_ killed in the Greenland seas), I
+do not recollect the precise appearance of the cervical vertebrae; but
+the skeleton is in existence, and shall be referred to. To the skeleton
+of the Rorqual now in the Museum at Antwerp, and which seems to me of
+the same species as the one I dissected in Scotland (and of which the
+skeleton, prepared with infinite care by my brother and myself, was
+presented by me to the Town Council of Edinburgh, and is now preserved
+in the Zoological Gardens of the same city), he gives the following
+vertebrae:--
+
+  Skeleton of the Rorqual at Antwerp--Cervical  7
+  Dorsal                                       14-15
+  Lumbar                                       15
+  Caudal                                       25[C]
+                                               --------
+  Total                                        61 or 62
+
+In the skeleton of the Great Rorqual now in the Zoological Gardens at
+Edinburgh, and originally dissected and prepared by my brother and
+myself, these vertebrae are--
+
+  Cervical             7
+  Dorsal              15
+  Lumbar and Caudal   43
+                      --
+  Total               65
+
+In that of the Lesser Rorqual I dissected in 1830, the skeleton of which
+I think is still preserved in the Museum of the University of Edinburgh,
+we found--
+
+         Vertebrae.
+  Cervical       7
+  Dorsal        11
+  Lumbar        13
+  Caudal        17
+                --
+  Total         48
+
+The specimen was that of a young animal, and of the same species, I
+believe, as the one described by Mr. Hunter and Fabricius; it is a
+distinct species, and not merely the young of the Great Rorqual.
+
+I shall return to the Dugong, as not being a Cetacean, in a future
+Section: its skeleton has been examined in a masterly way by De
+Blainville, an anatomist and observer of the highest order, since the
+time I wrote and published my Memoir on the Dugong.
+
+The first great step in the anatomy of the Cetacea is unquestionably due
+to Cuvier; but his dissections were almost confined to the genus
+_Delphinus_, or the common Porpoise of our coasts. I repeated all his
+dissections, and found them, as they almost always were, scrupulously
+exact; but when I came to examine Cetacea with whalebone instead of
+teeth, I was surprised to find how different, in fact, the anatomy of
+the two great families was. Scarcely in any great natural family do we
+find Cuvier's favourite theory of anatomical and physiological
+co-relations so entirely at fault as in the Cetacea. The teeth or
+whalebone, as natural-history characters, lead to no results; the whole
+structure of the interior defies all _a-priori_ reasoning. The brain in
+whalebone-whales does not fill the interior of the cranium; so that the
+capacity of the one is no measure of the solid bulk of the other. Their
+food is various, having no relation to the teeth or buccal appendages;
+vascular structures surround the spinal marrow, and extend in the
+_Balaenopterae_ into the cavity of the cranium, which seem to be without
+any analogy in other mammals, or, at the least, a very obscure one, and
+whose functions are wholly unknown.
+
+Cetacea might with some propriety be divided into whales with whalebone,
+and whales with teeth. Those with whalebone have rudimentary teeth in
+both jaws in the foetal state. Fossil Cetacea exist, and they seem to
+have been of both kinds, but, no doubt, were generically and
+specifically distinct from the recent. Judging from the remains of those
+I have seen, I am inclined to think that those with teeth were of a
+stronger and firmer build in the skeleton than those called recent; that
+the neck was longer, and the caudal portion of the column shorter than
+in the recent kinds, and that they approached the Saurians in form.
+There is a remarkable want of symmetry in the crania of some of the
+Cetacea; but most remarkable is the cranium of the Narwhal. Of this fact
+I have already spoken, in the article published in the Transactions of
+the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
+
+_Delphinus Phocaena. Dissection of a small Cetacean sent to me from
+Orkney in the month of May 1835._--This species is said to abound on the
+coasts, and to furnish a kind of fishery to the inhabitants. On
+dissection we found 81 vertebrae, exclusive of the cephalic. The species
+must be quite distinct from those previously and subsequently examined
+by myself and many others, in which the number of vertebrae ranged from
+61 to 66. It is also, I think, distinct from the specimen I saw in Dr.
+R. Hunter's Museum in Glasgow, in which the number of vertebrae was 90,
+exclusive of the cephalic in all the cases. Thus it stands with regard
+to the Cetacea called Porpoises and Dolphins.
+
+In certain species of _Delphinus_ the vertical column is composed of 61
+vertebrae, in others of 65, in others of 66, in others of 81, in others
+of 90.
+
+The specimen I now describe was, no doubt, that of a young animal; and
+the skeleton was prepared, consequently, as a natural one. This method
+has the advantage of security against the loss of any important osseous
+structures, which too frequently happens when the bones require to be
+macerated. The bones contained little oil, and weighed, head included,
+only 7-1/4 lbs.; the whole animal, when entire, weighed 14 stone, or 196
+lbs.; the skeleton therefore was about a twenty-fourth part of the whole
+weight. It was a female. The external nostrils terminated in a single
+orifice of a semilunar shape, with the concavity turned towards the
+snout. Measurements of young animals have not the importance of those of
+the adult; but I give them here because I think that the specimen,
+although young, had nearly attained its full growth:--
+
+                                                   ft.  in.
+  Total length over the dorsum                      6   5-2/8
+  Total length lateral surface                      6  11-2/8
+  Total length abdominal surface                    6  11-2/8
+  From the snout to the nostrils                    0  11-4/8
+  From the nostrils to the dorsal fin               1   6-4/8
+  Base of the dorsal fin                            0  11
+  From dorsal fin to foot of tail                   3   0-2/8
+  Breadth of pectoral limb                          0   4-4/8
+  From the snout to the organs of generation        3   9-4/8
+  Circumference anterior to the arm                 2   9
+  Circumference anterior to dorsal fin              3   2-4/8
+  Circumference posterior to dorsal fin             2  10
+  Circumference at setting on of the tail           0   8-4/8
+  Length of pectoral limb                           0  10
+  Breadth of tail                                   1   2
+  Greatest height of the dorsal fin                 0   9
+
+From the notes taken at the time, I find that my brother remarks that
+the Dolphin of Orkney differed a good deal in shape from those found in
+the Forth and seas in the South of Scotland. There were, moreover, 16
+more vertebrae than in the skeleton of the Common Porpoise of authors.
+The teeth generally weighed 2-1/2 grains each.
+
+Further, the muscles of the tongue, intrinsic as well as extrinsic, were
+extremely well developed. The isthmus faucium was 3 inches long. All
+this part was extremely glandular. A well-marked muscular gullet
+followed, composed of two layers of muscular fibres,--one circular
+internally, and one longitudinal externally. These latter sent a slip to
+the base of the arytaenoid cartilages. The mucous membrane of the gullet
+had no true epidermic covering, and in this respect differed remarkably
+from the first gastric compartment, from which a cuticular lining could
+be peeled off, as strong as that from the sole of the foot in man. The
+larynx presented that organization so well described by the illustrious
+Cuvier, and which I believe to be peculiar to the whales with teeth. It
+differs very much, as I explained long ago, in its arrangement from that
+of Whalebone Whales,--a fact of which I think Cuvier was not aware. The
+cricoid cartilage was imperfect in form; the hyo-epiglottic muscles very
+strong. The proper arytaenoid were present, and strong, but did not
+extend so high as in man; the thyro-arytaenoid muscles were very fully
+developed. In the interior of the larynx there were no projections nor
+ventricles, no cuneiform cartilages, nor cornicula laryngis. The rings
+of the trachea formed complete circles.
+
+_Stomach._--The cuticular lining is limited to the first cavity or
+compartment. It is in the second compartment that is found the curious
+glandular arrangement first, I believe, described by me in the
+'Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.' This structure is most
+probably not limited to the second compartment. There are four distinct
+compartments in the stomach of this animal. A dilated duodenum follows,
+6 inches in length. It is possible that this may have been in some
+instances mistaken for a stomach. The valvulae conniventes commence with
+the jejunum; these are longitudinal, and extend to within about 6 inches
+of the anus, terminating at a point where the intestine seems enlarged.
+The length of the intestines, large and small, was 90 feet;
+circumference generally about 2 inches. Thousands and tens of thousands
+of parasitical worms were found in the stomach, but none in the
+intestine. In the stomach also we found four mandibles of the
+cuttlefish, but no remains of anything in the intestines, and no
+parasites.
+
+_Heart and Vessels._--The heart weighed exactly one pound. The
+Eustachian valve was small, that of Thebesius imperfect. The aorta
+proceeded for about 3 inches of its course before giving off any
+branches. At a point corresponding to the 15th or 16th lumbar vertebra
+the vessel divided into the common iliacs. The _art. sacri media_, its
+continuation, continued its course protected by the V-bones, and giving
+off branches corresponding to the intervertebral spaces.
+
+_Brain and Nervous System._--The erectile tissue surrounding the spinal
+cord and origin of the spinal nerves in the Cetacea did not extend into
+the interior of the cranium. The entire encephalic mass weighed 2-1/2
+lbs.: cerebrum, 2 lbs.; cerebellum, 1/4; pons and medulla, 1/4 = 2-1/2.
+Compared with a drawing of Camper of the _Delphinus Phocaena_, the brain
+was found to differ remarkably, in being much broader in the line of the
+middle and posterior lobes. In no animal did I ever find the fibrous
+structure of the brain so well marked; and this extended to the
+cerebellum[D]. I give here some measurements of the brain, which may be
+of use to future observers. The brain is short from before backwards,
+but broad transversely:--
+
+  Antero-posterior diameter                 5-2/8  inches.
+  Breadth                                   8      inches.
+  Greatest breadth of the cerebellum        4      inches.
+  Length of the cerebellar hemisphere       4-6/8  inches.
+  Depth of ditto                            3-2/8  inches.
+  Weight of the encephalic mass             2-1/2  lbs.
+  Depth of the interhemispherical fissure   1-2/8  inches.
+  Length of the corpus callosum             1-7/8  inches.
+  Weight of cerebrum                        2    }
+  Weight of cerebellum                      0-1/4}  = 2-1/2 lbs.
+  Weight of the pons and med. oblongata     0-1/4}
+
+_Nerves._--The 7th pair was found to be unexpectedly large and firm,
+including both portions. The anterior roots of the spinal nerves were
+far more numerous than the posterior or dorsal.
+
+_Muscles._--The panniculus carnosus, strong and fleshy, extended nearly
+over the whole trunk. The recti abdominis were powerful, and attached
+inferiorly in this way:--A portion runs to the pelvic bones; a much
+stronger to a strong aponeurosis, situated between the anus and the root
+of the tail.
+
+The erector muscles of the spine (sacrolumbalis, longissimus dorsi and
+multifidus spinae) weighed fully 16 lbs. They had but slender costal
+attachments; but their spinal (small delicate tendons) were innumerable.
+The scaleni were very large; and the vessels held the same relation to
+them as in man. The serratus magnus was comparatively small. The larger
+rhomboid had no spinal attachment; the minor rhomboid seemed to be the
+larger of the two. The pectorals were comparatively small. The adipose
+tissue appeared to be wholly confined to the subcutaneous region. The
+muscles were of a deep brown colour, full of blood, with a short, dark,
+and well-flavoured fibre: when cooked, they had a strong resemblance in
+flavour and taste to the flesh of the hare.
+
+
+Part II. THE BALAENA WHALES, OR WHALES WITH WHALEBONE.
+
+In February 1834 a young whale of the family of Balaena Whales was caught
+near the Queensferry, in the Firth of Forth. One much larger had been
+seen some time before, but escaped. I purchased it for dissection,
+although I was aware that it was impossible for me, during the hurry of
+the winter session, to devote much time to it. But I had able assistants
+(Mr. Henry Goodsir, Mr. Edward Forbes, and my brother), from whom I
+expected a good deal of aid. Some very beautiful drawings of this whale,
+made for me by Mr. Edward Forbes and by my brother, are still in my
+possession.
+
+It was easy to see, by the dorsal fin and by the numerous plaits or
+folds on the abdominal surface of the throat and chest, before any
+dissection, that the specimen was a young Balaenopterous whale, differing
+in a great many points from the true whale or _Mysticetus_: for, 1st,
+the form of the head was entirely different; 2nd, it had a dorsal fin;
+and, 3rd, occupying the lower surface of the throat and thorax were
+numerous folds of the integuments. To this class of whales I have been
+in the habit of giving the name of Rorqual, to distinguish them from the
+other class of Whalebone Whales, the _Mysticetus_ both _borealis_ and
+_australis_.
+
+It appears from my notes, that at that time M. G. Cuvier considered the
+species I now describe as identical with the Great Rorqual I had
+described about two years previously; but I felt convinced then, as now,
+that they form distinct species, and in this opinion some continental
+anatomists seem to coincide.
+
+Being persuaded that there was some inaccuracy in former drawings of the
+species, I had the specimen suspended and drawn with great care by Mr.
+Edward Forbes. This position explained the mechanism of the mouth,
+showing its great size, even in the short Balaena Whales; its great
+capacity in the _Mysticetus_ had never been doubted.
+
+As to the species, the conclusion I arrived at was, that the specimen
+belonged to that termed by Fabricius _rostrata_, and that individuals of
+the species had been seen by John Hunter, Sir James Watson, and
+Fabricius.
+
+  _Measurements._                                       ft.  in.
+
+  Total length of the specimen                                9  11
+  Circumference immediately behind the pectoral extremities   5   2
+  Circumference where the folds or rugae terminated            4   8-1/4
+  Ditto of the tail at its origin                             1   5-1/2
+  Length from the back fin to the setting on of the tail      2  10
+  Length from the snout to the ear                            3   0
+  Length from snout to nostrils                               1   4
+  Length of lower jaw                                         2   3
+  Length of arm; inner side                                   1   3
+  Length from the angle of the mouth to the arm               1   3
+  Length from snout to arm                                    2   9
+  Length of tail in depth                                     0  11
+  Length of back fin at the base                              0   8
+  Height of back fin                                          0   8-1/2
+  From top to tip of tail                                     2   8-1/2
+  Stomach:--1st compartment, in length                        1   2
+            2nd compartment, in length                        1   4
+            3rd compartment, in length                        0   8
+            4th compartment, in length                        0   7
+            5th compartment, in length                        0   3
+  Spleen weighed 4 ounces; its length  was                    0   5
+  Liver, 9 lbs.
+  Small intestines, length                                   20   0
+  Large intestines, length                                    2   4
+  Kidney, weight 2-1/4 lbs.
+  Brain (including 2 inches of spinal marrow), 3-1/2 lbs.
+  Cerebellum, pons, and 2 inches of spinal marrow, 3/4 lb.
+  Great hemisphere of the brain measured 3 inches in
+    length, in breadth, 6-1/2; at the base, 8 inches.
+  Tuber annulare                                              0   1-2/8
+  Olfactory nerves, in length                                 0   1-1/2
+  Ditto, breadth                                              0   2-1/2
+  Skeleton:--Length of cranium                                2  11
+             Greatest breadth between the orbits              1   3
+             Length of vertebral column                       7   8
+
+When we compare the skeleton of this Rorqual with the Gigantic Rorqual I
+also dissected, we find as follows:--
+
+                       _R. giganteus._   _R. minor._
+
+  Cervical         vertebrae  7          vertebrae  7
+  Dorsal                    15                   11
+  Lumbar, sacral, caudal    43                   30
+                            --                   --
+                            65                   48
+
+These differences must be specific.
+
+At the extremity of the snout in either jaw there were 8 strong
+bristles, being the only vestiges of hair found on the external surface.
+The mouth was of great size; the tongue large and tolerably free, and of
+a pale rose or vermilion colour. The baleen, where deepest, measured
+about 4 inches; there were 370 plates on each side; but anteriorly and
+posteriorly these plates were reduced to mere bristles.
+
+The isthmus faucium allowed the closed hand to pass through it; through
+this isthmus I do not believe that any water ever passes into the
+pharynx, unless it be accidentally, as in man. The "spout" of the
+Whalebone Whale is composed, no doubt, of the pulmonary vapour, and not
+of any water received into the pharynx from the mouth.
+
+The stomach seemed composed of five compartments externally, but
+presented only four when laid open, the fifth being manifestly the
+duodenum. In the intestines no remains of food were found, but abundance
+of intestinal worms, and a substance strongly resembling the human
+meconium. There was an ilio-caecal valve as distinct as in man. In the
+rectum the folds of the mucous membrane were transverse.
+
+_Organs of Respiration_.--The external nostrils were double; and the
+cavities of the nostrils provided with the remarkable cartilages and
+muscular apparatus I discovered and described in the anatomy of the
+Great Rorqual. In this specimen they were about 4 inches in length, but
+of as many feet in the large Rorqual. The mode of breathing in the
+Rorquals does not differ much from that in man, with the exception of
+the apparatus of the protruding cartilages, which in man are
+rudimentary.
+
+The _Olfactory Nerves_ were quite as large as in other mammals; and in
+this respect the Balaena Whales are quite unlike the Dolphins[E].
+
+The trachea communicated, near its upper part, with a sac or pouch; the
+lungs were each composed of a single lobe. The rings of the trachea were
+mostly deficient anteriorly. In the heart the foetal arrangements had
+wholly disappeared. The dura mater seemed divisible into three layers,
+the external being vascular. A remarkable vascular substance connected
+with this layer covers the back part of the brain and cerebellum,
+extending into the spinal canal, and even into the chest. At the base of
+the brain the vascular plexus was about 2 inches in thickness. It is, as
+is well known, a sort of erectile tissue, of whose functions we are
+wholly ignorant. It is not confined to this course, but extends to the
+neck, and, passing through the foramina intervertebralia, fills the
+intercostal spaces exterior to the pleura.
+
+There was evidently a canal in the centre of the spinal marrow. Wherever
+the nerves of the lungs and stomach were traced, they terminated in
+loops. We did not observe in the Great Rorqual any tracheal pouch like
+that in the smaller; but it may have escaped notice: if absent in the
+Great Rorqual, it would be another proof of the distinctness of the
+species.
+
+The doubts raised by M. St. Hilaire, as to the Whale being a mammal in
+the true sense of the term, were set aside long ago by an appeal to
+facts. The young of the Whale tribe suckle like the young of all
+mammals; nevertheless I showed, in 1834, that the lactiferous glands in
+the _Balaenopterae_ differ in structure from the same organs in most
+mammals.
+
+I do not find in my notes anything to add to the description of the
+Great Rorqual already published in the 'Transactions of the Royal
+Society of Edinburgh' for 1827, to which I beg leave to refer the
+reader.
+
+A single remark must be added regarding the nature of the vascular
+plexus which, in the Cetacea, surrounds the spinal marrow, and extends
+into the chest. On selecting the artery which seemed to form the plexus,
+which was, if I rightly recollect, in this instance an intercostal
+artery, and dissecting it under water, I found, to my surprise, that the
+artery, so long as I followed it, never gave off any branches, but
+continued of the same calibre throughout, making innumerable
+flexuosities or turnings. Thus, on a plexiform mass of this kind being
+cut across, the first impression is, that a great number of arterial
+branches or arteries have been divided, whilst in fact the entire plexus
+seems to be formed of one artery.
+
+As was to be expected of animals so much withdrawn from human
+observation, there is but little to say on the natural history of the
+Cetacea properly so called. Their food, no doubt, is various, and seems
+to have little or no relation to the character of their dentition. The
+enormous Cachalot, with its vast teeth implanted only in one jaw, is
+generally understood to prey chiefly on the Cuttlefish. The food of the
+true Whale, or _Mysticetus_, is well known to be the Clio and other
+smaller Mollusca, with which certain regions of the ocean abound; the
+same, or similar, is probably the food of the more active and restless
+Rorquals, found in both hemispheres. The Dolphins, or Toothed Whales,
+generally prey, no doubt, on fishes of various kinds; yet, even as
+regards these, it has been proved by my esteemed friend, the late Mr.
+Henry Goodsir, that some of the largest, following in the wake of the
+herring shoals, prey not on these, but on the various microscopic food
+(the Entomostraca and other marine animals) which I was the first to
+prove to be the natural food of many excellent gregarious freshwater
+fish, as the Vendace, Early Loch Leven Trout, the Brown Trout of the
+Highland and Scottish lakes generally, and of the Herring itself[F]. It
+is scarcely necessary to add, that the complex apparatus connected with
+the exterior nostrils of the Dolphins is wholly wanting in the Balaena
+Whales,--a fact of which M. Cuvier was not aware when he wrote his
+celebrated Treatise on Comparative Anatomy.
+
+_Appendix_.--Since writing the above, I have received an answer to a
+letter I addressed to my friend, John Goodsir, Esq., Professor of
+Anatomy in the University of Edinburgh. The request contained in my
+letter to Mr. Goodsir was, to examine for me the skeleton of a foetal
+_Mysticetus_ now in the University Museum. The foetus from which this
+skeleton was prepared was removed from the uterus of the mother, killed
+in the North Seas by the seamen of a whaling ship, by one of my former
+students, Mr. R. Auld, who presented the specimen to me. The point at
+issue was the composition of the cervical vertebrae in the true or
+Greenland Whale, the _Balaena Mysticetus_. M. Van Beneden, to whose
+memoir I have referred in the commencement of this, says, on the
+authority of Eschricht, that at no age whatever do we find in true
+Whales (meaning, I presume, the _Mysticetus borealis_ and _australis_)
+any distinct vertebrae in the cervical region, as in other mammals. A
+fusion of all into one bone or cartilage seems to take place even in the
+youngest foetus. Now, I had enjoyed the rare opportunity of dissecting
+the foetus of the _Mysticetus_, and I knew that the skeleton, prepared
+with the greatest care, was still preserved in the Museum of the
+University of Edinburgh. I wrote to Mr. Goodsir to re-examine this point
+for me, for I did not find in my notes any confirmation of the
+observations of Eschricht. Mr. Goodsir's reply to my note is as
+follows:--
+
+                                             "University, Edinburgh,
+                                                 Sept. 30, 1857.
+
+"MY DEAR SIR,
+
+"In the skeleton of the foetal _Mysticetus_ now in the University
+Museum, the bodies of the axis and atlas have shrivelled up together,
+having evidently consisted of cartilage only; but the bodies of the five
+posterior cervical vertebrae are beautifully distinct, having well-formed
+osseous centres, which give them more of the configuration of the
+succeeding vertebral bodies than they present in their compressed form
+in the adult.
+
+"The neural arches in the cervical region of this skeleton are five in
+number; the two anterior, which are distinctly those of the atlas and
+axis, have an osseous nodule on each side, where the transverse
+processes pass off. The third arch belongs to the third vertebra, the
+fourth and fifth to the sixth and seventh. These three arches are
+cartilaginous, and present no osseous centres. It is impossible to
+determine from the preparation whether the arches of the fourth and
+fifth vertebrae had been cut away in dissecting the parts, or whether
+they have shrivelled up in drying; but as the skeleton was very
+carefully prepared, and as these two arches are deficient (at least
+laterally) in the adult _Mysticetus_, I presume that the cartilaginous
+matrices were at least extremely delicate in the foetus.
+
+"I believe I have stated all the facts, afforded by this skeleton, which
+bear upon your questions. They appear to me to afford no support to the
+views to which they refer.
+
+                                            "Yours very sincerely,
+                                          (Signed)        "JOHN GOODSIR."
+
+The conclusion I arrived at is this,--that the actual number of cervical
+vertebrae in the _Mysticetus_ is, as in most other mammals, seven, and
+that, notwithstanding their earlier fusion, they are originally quite
+distinct.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[C] It is stated that some of the last of these are of wood. The
+skeleton in Edinburgh is perfect.
+
+[D] "The substance of the brain is more visibly fibrous than I ever saw
+it in any other animal, the fibres passing from the ventricles as from a
+centre to the circumference, which fibrous texture is also continued
+through the cortical substance."--HUNTER, "On Whales," 'Animal Economy,'
+Palmer's edit. p. 373.
+
+[E] In his paper "On the Structure of Whales" (Phil. Trans. 1787),
+Hunter remarks that the organ of smell "is peculiar to the large and
+small Whalebone Whales." He further remarks, that, "in those that have
+olfactory nerves, the lateral ventricles are not continued into them as
+in many quadrupeds;" and he notices "the want of the olfactory nerves in
+the genus of the Porpoise."--'Anim. Economy,' Palmer's edit. pp. 372,
+373, 376.
+
+[F] See Memoirs in the 'Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh'
+for 1832.
+
+
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Dr. BAIKIE to Sir JOHN RICHARDSON, M.D., C.B.,
+F.R. & L.S., dated 29th October, 1857, Rabba, on the Qworra.
+
+[Read January 21st, 1858.]
+
+
+"In natural history my collection is advancing, especially in skins and
+skeletons of birds. I am collecting skulls of all the domesticated
+animals, and skeletons of the sheep and goats. I have got a few fish,
+including a prettily-marked _Diodon_ or _Tetraodon_, probably new, and a
+_Myletes_ which I did not meet with formerly. The _Siluridae_ are the
+most abundant fishes; and one species closely resembles the
+_Hypophthalmus_, figured by Rueppell in his 'Fishes of the Nile and Red
+Sea.' I have not met with another Polypterus. I shall get a
+_Lepidosiren_ in the river, and have heard of an electrical fish, I
+believe a _Malopteruris_, such as I formerly found. I enclose two scales
+of a fish which is said to grow to the length of 5 feet, but of which I
+have specimens half that size only,--also a sketch of a curious fish
+2-1/2 feet, which I put into spirits; it has neither ventral nor anal
+fins, a very peculiar caudal, and a slender head, while the dorsal
+extends along the whole back; eyes very small; teeth numerous and hard,
+but not sharp." He adds, in a postscript, that he had got the
+_Lepidosiren_. He had collected 700 species of plants, and numerous
+fine fruits, which he says "will rejoice Sir William Hooker's heart."
+
+Dr. Baikie's postscript, however, mentions that his vessel had been
+wrecked about twelve miles above Lagos, and that she sunk in a few
+minutes after she struck. He does not say what was the fate of his
+collections, but states that all the party had fever from fatigue and
+sleeping in swamps after the wreck.--J. R.
+
+
+
+
+Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected in the Aru Islands by Mr.
+A. R. WALLACE, with Descriptions of New Species. By FRANCIS WALKER.
+
+
+ARU ISLAND.
+
+
+Fam. MYCETOPHILIDAE, _Haliday_.
+
+Gen. SCIARA, _Meigen_.
+
+Div. A. _a., Meig_. vi. 305.
+
+1. SCIARA SELECTA, n. s. _Mas_. Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa, antennis sat
+validis, pedibus piceis, alis cinereis, venis costalibus crassis.
+
+_Male_. Black, with cinereous tomentum; antennae rather stout; legs
+piceous; wings greyish; veins black; radial and cubital veins thick;
+radial vein extending to the fork of the subapical. Length of the body
+1-3/4 line; of the wings 4 lines.
+
+
+Fam. BIBIONIDAE, _Haliday_.
+
+Gen. PLECIA, _Hoffmansegg_.
+
+2. Plecia dorsalis, _Walk_. See Vol. I. p. 5.
+
+
+Fam. CULICIDAE, _Haliday_.
+
+3. CULEX SCUTELLARIS, n. s. _Mas_. Nigro-fuscus, capite thoraceque
+argenteo trivittatis, scutello rufescente; abdominis segmentis argenteo
+fasciatis, genubus et tarsorum posticorum fasciis niveis; alis
+subcinereis, venis nigris ciliatis.
+
+_Male_. Blackish brown. Head and thorax with three silvery stripes, the
+middle one very distinct; scutellum reddish; pectus with silvery gloss;
+abdomen with silvery bands, which are narrow above, broad beneath;
+femora pale towards the base; knees snow-white; hind tarsi with 5 broad
+snow-white bands; middle tarsi with the first and second joints white at
+the base; wings slightly greyish; veins black, fringed. Length of the
+body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+
+Fam. TIPULIDAE.
+
+Gen. MEGISTOCERA, _Wied_.
+
+4. Megistocera tuscana, _Wied. Auss. Zweist._ 1. 55. 1. Inhabits also
+Java.
+
+Gen. GYNOPLISTIA, _Westw_.
+
+5. GYNOPLISTIA JURGIOSA, n. s. _Mas. et Foem._ Nigra, capite rufescente,
+alis cinereis, plagis costalibus nigro-fuscis.--_Mas_. Abdomine
+ochraceo, apice nigro, femoribus basi testaceis.--_Foem._ Abdomine atro
+fasciis albidis apice luteo.
+
+_Male and Female._ Black. Head reddish; antennae testaceous at the base;
+thorax testaceous in front; wings greyish, blackish-brown along the
+costa, and with three subcostal blackish-brown patches, the third
+continued along the veins towards the hind border. _Male_. Abdomen
+ochraceous, black at the tip; femora testaceous at the base; halteres
+testaceous. _Female._ Abdomen deep black, with whitish bands on the
+sutures; tip luteous. Length of the body 5-6 lines; of the wings 9-10
+lines.
+
+
+Fam. STRATIOMIDAE, _Haliday_.
+
+Gen. PTILOCERA, _Wied_.
+
+6. Ptilocera quadridentata. See Vol. 1. p. _7_.
+
+7. MASSICYTA INFLATA, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, capite viridi maculis nigris,
+antennis basi ferrugineis, pectoris callis duobus scutelloque testaceis,
+abdomine basi sordide albido lineis tribus nigris, fasciis duabus
+cano-tomentosis, segmentis tertio quartoque apice ferrugineis, tibiis
+basi tarsisque albidis, alis subcinereis fusco marginatis, stigmate
+nigricante, halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Black. Head dull green, with several black spots; mouth
+testaceous; antennae dark ferruginous towards the base; two pectoral
+calli and the scutellum testaceous; abdomen at the base dingy-whitish
+and semihyaline, and with three black lines; third and fourth segments
+with hoary bands, their hind borders ferruginous; tibiae towards the
+base, and tarsi, whitish; hind tibiae with the two colours most
+distinctly marked; wings grey, with broad brownish borders; stigma
+blackish; veins black; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 6 lines;
+of the wings 11 lines.
+
+8. MASSICYTA CERIOIDES, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, capite testaceo maculis
+nigris, antennis basi ferrugineis, pectoris callis duobus, thoracis
+vittis duabus interruptis, scutello abdominisque fasciis tribus
+viridibus, segmento abdominali secundo maculis duabus testaceis, tarsis
+albis, alis nigricanti-fuscis, halteribus viridibus.
+
+_Female._ Black. Head testaceous, with some black spots on the vertex.
+Antennae dark ferruginous towards the base. An interrupted stripe on each
+side of the thorax, two pectoral calli, the scutellum, and the hind
+borders of the second, third, and fourth abdominal segments green.
+Abdomen testaceous at the base beneath; first band interrupted, having
+before it two testaceous spots. Knees lurid; tarsi white. Wings blackish
+brown; stigma and veins black; halteres apple-green. Length of the body
+5-6 lines; of the wings 10-12 lines.
+
+Gen. SALDUBA, n. g.
+
+_Male. Corpus_ angustum, sublineare. _Caput_ transversum; vertex
+angustus. _Oculi_ magni. _Antennae_ capite transverso valde longiores;
+articuli primo ad septimum breves; flagellum longum, lanceolatum,
+subarcuatum. _Thorax_ longus, subcompressus; scutellum inerme. _Abdomen_
+planum, thorace paullo longius. _Pedes_ graciles; postici longi. _Alae_
+angustae.
+
+_Male._ Body narrow, nearly linear. Head slightly transverse, nearly as
+broad as the thorax; vertex narrow. Eyes large. Antennae shorter than the
+thorax; joints from the first to the seventh short; flagellum long,
+lanceolate, slightly curved. Thorax long, slightly increasing in breadth
+from the head to the base of the wings. Abdomen nearly flat and linear,
+a little longer than the thorax. Legs slender; hind pair long. Wings
+narrow; veins complete, distinctly marked; first cubital areolet rather
+short, divided from the second by the oblique first cubital rim; discal
+areolet large, hexagonal; subanal and anal veins united at some distance
+from the border.
+
+9. SALDUBA DIPHYSOIDES, n. s., _Mas._ Nigra, ore flavo, thorace vittis
+quatuor subauratis, abdominis apice cinereo, pedibus albidis, femoribus
+posticis apices versus tibiisque posticis nigris, alis cinereis, venis
+stigmateque nigris, halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Male._ Black. Mouth yellow; thorax with four stripes of slightly gilded
+tomentum; tip of the abdomen with cinereous tomentum; legs whitish, hind
+femora towards the tips and hind tibiae black; wings greyish, veins and
+stigma black; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4-1/2 lines; of
+the wings 8 lines.
+
+Gen. STRATIOMYS.
+
+10. STRATIOMYS CONFERTISSIMA, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, subtus ferruginea,
+capite fulvo, antennis basi fulvis, thorace vittis quatuor subauratis,
+scutelli margine fulvo, ventre piceo basi testaceo, pedibus fulvis nigro
+fasciatis; alis subcinereis, venis stigmateque nigris, halteribus
+testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Black, ferruginous beneath. Head, antennae at the base, border
+of the scutellum, and legs tawny; antennae a little shorter than the
+breadth of the head; thorax with four slightly gilded stripes; abdomen
+beneath piceous, testaceous at the base; femora and tibiae with broad
+black bands; wings greyish, stigma and veins black; halteres testaceous.
+Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7-1/2 lines.
+
+11. STRATIOMYS NEXURA, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Nigra, antennis basi fulvis,
+capite transverso brevioribus, abdominis lateribus, ventre, tibiis,
+tarsis halteribusque fulvis, alis limpidis, venis testaceis. _Mas._
+Thorace atro piloso. _Foem._ Thorace nigro-aeneo angustiore.
+
+_Male and female._ Black. Head rather prominent; antennae tawny towards
+the base, shorter than the breadth of the head; spines of the scutellum,
+abdomen beneath, tibiae, tarsi, and halteres tawny; wings limpid, veins
+testaceous. _Male._ Thorax deep black, pilose; abdomen tawny along each
+side. _Female._ Head shining; thorax aeneous black, narrower than that of
+the male; abdomen with the tawny stripes much narrower than those of the
+male. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings 6-1/2 lines.
+
+Gen. CLITELLARIA, _Meigen._
+
+12. Clitellaria bivittata, _Fabr._ See Vol. I. p. 7.
+
+Gen. GABAZA, n. g.
+
+_Foem. Corpus_ breve, latum. _Caput_ transversum, thorace paullo
+angustius; facies valde obliqua. _Antennae_ capite transverso breviores;
+articuli breves, transversi; arista longa, gracilis, filiformis.
+_Scutellum_ prominens, spinis duabus minutis. _Abdomen_ transversum,
+thorace multo latius. _Pedes_ graciles, breviusculi. _Alae_ sat angustae;
+venae tenues.
+
+_Female._ Body short, broad. Head transverse, a little narrower than the
+thorax; face very oblique. Antennae shorter than the breadth of the head;
+joints short, transverse; arista slender, filiform, longer than the
+preceding part, which is lanceolate. Scutellum prominent, armed with two
+minute spines. Abdomen transverse, much broader than the thorax. Legs
+slender, somewhat short. Wings rather narrow; veins feeble, in structure
+like those of _Stratiomys_.
+
+13. GABAZA ARGENTEA, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, antennis fulvis, arista alba,
+thorace abdomineque argenteo-tomentosis, tarsis albido-testaceis, alis
+limpidis, venis pallidis.
+
+_Female._ Coal-black. Antennae tawny, arista white; thorax and abdomen
+with bright silvery tomentum; tarsi whitish testaceous; wings limpid,
+veins pale. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 3-1/2 lines.
+
+Gen. SARGUS, _Fabr._
+
+14. Sargus metallinus, _Fabr._ See Vol. I. p. 110.
+
+15. SARGUS COMPLENS, n. s. _Foem._ Rufescente-fulvus, capitis vertice
+nigro, antennis testaceis, abdomine fasciis latis abbreviatis piceis,
+tarsis posticis basi tibiisque posticis nigris, alis cinereis, basi
+subluridis, apud costam exteriorem nigro-fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Reddish tawny. Head black above, testaceous beneath; antennae
+testaceous; abdomen with four broad abbreviated piceous bands; legs
+tawny, hind tibiae black with a tawny apical mark, hind tarsi black
+towards the base; wings greyish, slightly lurid towards the base,
+blackish-brown about the exterior part of the costa, veins black, tawny
+towards the base; halteres testaceous, tawny towards the tips. Length of
+the body 6 lines; of the wings 14 lines.
+
+16. SARGUS ROGANS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Capitis vertice nigro, antennis
+pedibusque testaceis, tibiis tarsisque posticis nigris, alis subcinereis
+apice obscurioribus. _Mas._ Luteo-testaceus. _Foem._ Ferrugineus.
+
+_Male and Female._ Head black above; antennae and legs testaceous; hind
+tibiae and hind tarsi black; wings greyish, darker towards their tips;
+veins black, tawny towards the base. _Male._ Lutescent testaceous.
+_Female._ Ferruginous; wings darker than those of the male. Length of
+the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.
+
+Gen. NERUA, n. g.
+
+_Foem. Corpus_ longiusculum, sublineare. _Caput_ transversum, thorace
+non latius. _Antennae_ breves; articulus tertius rotundus; arista
+apicalis, longa, tenuis, setiformis. _Thorax_ productus. _Scutellum_
+spinis quatuor longiusculis. _Abdomen_ depressum, sublineare, thorace
+vix latius, non longius. _Pedes_ graciles, non longi. _Alae_ angustae;
+venae bene determinatae.
+
+_Female._ Body rather long, nearly linear. Head transverse, not broader
+than the thorax. Antennae short; third joint round; arista apical, long,
+slender, setiform. Thorax long. Abdomen flat, thin, nearly linear,
+hardly broader and not longer than the thorax. Legs slender, not long.
+Wings narrow; veins distinctly marked, in structure like those of
+_Clitellaria_.
+
+This genus may be distinguished from _Culcua_ by the shape of the
+abdomen.
+
+17. NERUA SCENOPINOIDES, n. s. _Foem._ Atra, nitens, antennis fulvis,
+scutelli spinis pedibusque albis, alis nigro-cinereis, postice
+pallidioribus, venis nigris, halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Coal-black, shining; antennae tawny; thorax slightly tomentose;
+spines of the scutellum and legs white; wings blackish grey, paler
+towards the hind border, veins black; halteres testaceous. Length of the
+body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+Gen. ADRAGA, n. g.
+
+_Mas. Corpus_ sublineare. _Caput_ thorace non latius. _Oculi_ connexi.
+_Antennae_ brevissimae; articulus tertius rotundus; arista apicalis,
+gracilis, setiformis. _Thorax_ sutura transversa bene determinata.
+_Scutellum_ prominens, trigonum, marginatum. _Abdomen_ thorace paullo
+brevius, non latius. _Pedes_ breviusculi, validi, non dilatati. _Alae_
+mediocres.
+
+_Male_. Body nearly linear, rather thick. Head not broader than the
+thorax. Eyes connected. Antennae very short; third joint round; arista
+apical, long, slender, setiform. Thorax with the transverse suture very
+distinct. Scutellum prominent, triangular, with a border. Abdomen a
+little shorter and not broader than the thorax. Legs stout, rather
+short, not dilated. Wings moderately broad; veins in structure like
+those of _Clitellaria_.
+
+18. ADRAGA UNIVITTA, n. s. _Mas._ Nigra, subtilissime punctata, antennis
+piceis, thorace vitta cinerea, tarsis posterioribus albis, alis
+nigricantibus.
+
+_Male_. Coal-black, hardly shining; antennae piceous; thorax and abdomen
+very minutely punctured; thorax with a stripe of cinereous tomentum;
+posterior tarsi white; wings blackish, veins black. Length of the body 3
+lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+Gen. OBRAPA, n. g.
+
+_Foem. Corpus_ breve, latum, crassum, convexum. _Caput_ transversum,
+thorace angustius. _Antennae_ breves; articulus tertius rotundus; arista
+apicalis, gracilis, setiformis. _Thorax_ sutura transversa bene
+determinata. _Abdomen_ transversum, thorace paullo latius, valde
+brevius. _Pedes_ breviusculi, validi; antici subdilatati. _Alae_
+mediocres.
+
+_Female._ Body short, broad, thick, convex. Head transverse, narrower
+than the thorax. Antennae short; third joint round; arista apical,
+slender, setiform. Thorax with the transverse suture very distinct.
+Scutellum large, prominent, with a marginal suture. Abdomen transverse,
+a little broader than the thorax, and not more than half its length.
+Legs stout, rather short, the fore pair slightly dilated. Wings
+moderately broad, veins rather irregular; discal areolet large,
+quadrilateral; externo-medial veins, subanal vein, and anal vein very
+slight; subanal vein and anal vein united at some distance from the
+border.
+
+19. OBRAPA PERILAMPOIDES, n. s. _Foem._ Atra, nitens, subtilissime
+punctata, capite glabro, antennis piceis, tarsis posterioribus albidis,
+alis limpidis, venis albidis basi nigris, halteribus niveis.
+
+_Female._ Deep black, shining, very minutely punctured; head smooth;
+antennae piceous; posterior tarsi whitish, with black tips; wings limpid,
+veins whitish, black towards the base; halteres snow-white. Length of
+the body 2-1/2 lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+20. OBRAPA CELYPHOIDES, n. s. _Foem._ Atra, nitens, subtilissime
+punctata, capite glabro, antennis piceis, tarsis albidis, alis
+nigro-cinereis, venis nigris, halteribus niveis.
+
+_Female._ Deep black, very minutely punctured. Head smooth; antennae
+piceous; tarsi whitish; wings blackish cinereous, veins black; halteres
+snow-white. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.
+
+
+Fam. TABANIDAE, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. TABANUS, _Linn._
+
+21. TABANUS RECUSANS, n. s. _Foem._ Piceus, cinereo-subtomentosus, callo
+nigro angusto, antennis rufis apice nigris, humeris rufescentibus,
+abdomine basi glaucescente, tibiis obscure ferrugineis, alis
+nigro-fuscis, apice margineque postico cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Piceous, slightly covered with cinereous tomentum. Callus of
+the head black, long, slender, entire; antennae red, black towards the
+tips, angle of the third joint very small; thorax reddish on each side
+in front of the forewings; abdomen with glaucous tomentum towards the
+base; tibiae mostly dark ferruginous; wings blackish-brown, cinereous
+towards the tips and along the hind border; veins black; forebranch of
+the cubital vein simple, very slightly undulating, its tip, like that of
+the radial vein, clouded with blackish-brown. Length of the body 6-1/2
+lines; of the wings 12 lines.
+
+
+Fam. ASILIDAE, _Leach_.
+
+Subfam. DASYPOGONITES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. DASYPOGON, _Fabr._
+
+22. DASYPOGON INOPINUS, n. s. _Foem._ Piceus, facie aurata, mystace
+parvo albo, antennis ferrugineis, apices versus nigris, capite
+transverso longioribus, articulo tertio lineari, pectore fasciis tribus
+canis, abdominis segmentis ferrugineo fasciatis, alis luridis, apud
+costam nigro-fuscis, halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Piceous. Face flat, brightly gilded; epistoma not prominent;
+mystax with a few white bristles; mouth black; antennae ferruginous,
+black towards the tips, longer than the breadth of the head; third joint
+linear, longer than the first and the second together; pectus with three
+hoary bands; abdomen subclavate, nearly twice the length of the thorax;
+a ferruginous band on the hind border of each segment; legs mostly
+ferruginous; wings lurid, blackish-brown towards the costa, veins black;
+halteres testaceous. Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 14 lines.
+
+23. DASYPOGON HONESTUS, n. s. Lutescente-fulvus, capite, antennis,
+pedibus alisque nigris, thorace vitta schistacea nigro marginata
+vittisque duabus lateralibus cinereis, pectore postico nigro, abdomine
+----?, tibiis tarsisque posticis fulvis.
+
+Luteous-tawny. Head, antennae, hind part of the pectus, and legs black,
+shining; mystax with very few bristles; antennae almost as long as the
+breadth of the head, third joint long, slender, linear; thorax with a
+slate-coloured blackish-bordered stripe, a short slate-coloured stripe
+on each side; abdomen wanting; hind tibiae and tarsi tawny; wings
+blackish, veins black. Length of the body 4? lines; of the wings 7
+lines.
+
+Subfam. LAPHRITES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. LAPHRIA, _Fabr._
+
+24. Laphria scapularis, _Wied. Auss. Zweifl._ 1. 516. 29. Inhabits also
+Java.
+
+25. Laphria aurifacies, _Macq._ See Vol. I. p. 10.
+
+26. LAPHRIA GLORIOSA, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Aurata, capite pectoreque
+albis, abdomine purpureo, guttis lateralibus albis, basi viridi,
+lateribus pedibusque cyaneis, alis fuscis basi cinereis, halteribus
+testaceis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Head and pectus with white tomentum and hairs; mystax
+with a few black bristles; mouth and antennae black; third joint of the
+latter linear, conical at the tip, longer than the first and the second
+together; thorax with cupreous-gilded tomentum; abdomen purple, green at
+the base, blue and with a row of white dots along each side; legs blue;
+wings brown, cinereous towards the base, veins black; halteres
+testaceous. _Male._ Legs very thick and pilose. Length of the body 9
+lines; of the wings 16 lines.
+
+27. LAPHRIA SOCIA, n. s. _Foem._ Cyaneo-viridis, capite aurato,
+antennarum articulo tertio longissimo subfusiformi, thoracis tomento
+subaurato, vitta media nuda, pectore argenteo, abdomine purpureo-cyaneo
+basi viridi maculis lateralibus argenteis, alis nigro-cinereis basi
+cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Bluish-green. Head brightly gilded, hind part silvery; mystax
+with six long black bristles; third joint of the antennae very elongate
+subfusiform; thorax with slightly gilded tomentum, excepting a broad
+bare middle stripe; pectus with silvery tomentum; abdomen purplish-blue,
+green towards the base, with spots of silvery tomentum along each side;
+hind borders of the ventral segments white; wings grey, blackish-grey
+for almost half the length from the tips and along three-fourths of the
+length of the hind border, veins black; halteres ferruginous. Length of
+the body 8-1/2 lines; of the wings 16 lines.
+
+28. LAPHRIA CONSOBRINA, n. s. _Foem._ Purpurea, capite aurato, pectore
+argenteo, abdomine viridi-cyaneo, maculis lateralibus argenteis, alis
+nigricantibus basi cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Purple. Head brightly gilded, hind part silvery, underside
+with white hairs; mystax with six long black bristles; pectus with
+silvery tomentum; abdomen greenish blue, with spots of silvery tomentum
+along each side; hind borders of the ventral segments white; wings
+slightly grey, blackish for full half the length from the tips and along
+full three-fourths of the length of the hind border, veins black;
+halteres ferruginous, with black tips. Length of the body 7-1/2 lines;
+of the wings 14 lines.
+
+This species much resembles _L. socia_, but may be distinguished by the
+difference of colour, and more especially by the more undulating first
+branch vein, by the much less oblique third externo-medial vein, and by
+the subanal vein, which is united to the anal vein much nearer the
+border.
+
+29. LAPHRIA SODALIS, n. s. _Mas._ Cyanea, capite aurato, antennarum
+articulo tertio fusiformi, thoracis lateribus purpureo-viridibus,
+pectore ventreque argenteis, abdomine maculis lateralibus argenteis,
+alis cinereis, apice posticeque nigricantibus.
+
+_Male._ Blue. Head brightly gilded, vertex and hind part silvery,
+underside with white hairs; mystax with four long black bristles, and
+with several gilded bristles; third joint of the antennae
+elongate-fusiform; sides of the thorax varied with green and purple;
+abdomen with spots of silvery tomentum along each side, underside and
+pectus silvery; wings grey, black towards the tips and along half the
+length of the hind border; halteres white. Length of the body 7 lines;
+of the wings 13 lines.
+
+The veins of this species are hardly different from those of _L.
+consobrina_ in structure, excepting the third externo-medial, which is
+united to the fourth nearer the border.
+
+30. LAPHRIA COMES, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Viridi-cyanea, capite aurato,
+antennarum articulo tertio fusiformi, pectore ventrisque lateribus
+argenteis, abdomine viridi (mas) aut purpureo-cyaneo (foem.) maculis
+lateralibus argenteis, alis nigricantibus basi cinereis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Greenish blue. Head brightly gilded, hind part
+silvery; mystax with six long black bristles; third joint of the antennae
+elongate-fusiform; pectus with silvery tomentum; abdomen green in the
+male, purplish-blue in the female, with silvery spots along each side,
+underside with two silvery stripes; wings blackish, grey at the base and
+along the costa for more than one-third of the length, veins and
+halteres black. Length of the body 6--6-1/2 lines; of the wings 11-12
+lines.
+
+This may be only a small variety of _L. consobrina_; but the wings are
+not darker towards the costa as in that species, and the first
+branch-vein is much more straight.
+
+31. LAPHRIA CONSORS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Viridis (mas) aut cyanea
+(foem.), capite aurato, antennarum articulo tertio brevifusiformi,
+pectore argenteo, abdomine aeneo-viridi (mas) aut cyaneo-purpureo
+(foem.) maculis lateralibus argenteis, alis nigricantibus, basi
+cinereis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Green (male) or blue (female). Head gilded, hind part
+silvery; mystax with a few black bristles; third joint of the antennae
+short-fusiform; pectus silvery; abdomen aeneous-green in the male,
+bluish-purple in the female, with silvery spots along each side; wings
+blackish, grey at the base and along the costa for more than one-third
+of the length; veins and halteres black. Length of the body 4-1/2--5
+lines; of the wings 8-9 lines.
+
+The straight and not oblique third externo-medial vein distinguishes
+this species from all the preceding _Laphriae_.
+
+32. LAPHRIA GERMANA, n. s. _Foem._ Cyanea, facie aurata, antennarum
+articulo tertio longissime subfusiformi, abdominis maculis lateralibus
+pectoreque argenteis, alis cinereis, basi subcinereis, halteribus albis.
+
+_Female._ Blue. Head gilded in front, vertex and hind part silvery;
+mystax with six black bristles; third joint of the antennae very long,
+subfusiform; pectus silvery; abdomen purplish blue, shorter than in the
+preceding species, with silvery spots along each side; wings grey,
+slightly grey towards the base; halteres white. Length of the body 3-1/2
+lines; of the wings 7 lines.
+
+33. LAPHRIA FLAGRANTISSIMA, n. s. _Mas._ Rufescente-cervina, capite
+aurato, antennis pedibusque rufescentibus, thorace vittis tribus
+latissimis (lateralibus abbreviatis) pectoreque nigricantibus, alis
+lutescentibus, plaga postica interiore fasciaque latissima exteriore
+nigricantibus.
+
+_Male._ Reddish fawn colour. Head gilded; mystax with numerous gilded
+bristles; mouth lanceolate, very stout; antennae reddish, third joint
+long, lanceolate, abruptly acuminated at the tip; thorax with three very
+broad blackish stripes; disk of the pectus black; abdomen with the
+segments darker towards the base, underside black towards the tip; legs
+reddish, stout; tarsi with black bands beneath; wings somewhat luteous,
+with a large blackish patch on the hind border near the base, and with a
+very broad blackish band near the tip; halteres testaceous. Length of
+the body 11 lines; of the wings 22 lines.
+
+34. LAPHRIA JUSTA, n. s. _Mas._ Lutea, capite aurato, ore, antennis
+apice, thoracis maculis duabus posticis, pectore, abdominis fasciis
+latis femoribusque nigris, alis cinereis, apud costam luridis.
+
+_Male._ Luteous. Head gilded; mystax with numerous gilded bristles;
+mouth short, black; antennae reddish tawny, third joint lanceolate, black
+except at the base; thorax with the disk somewhat darker, two large
+black spots hindward; pectus black; abdomen linear, with a broad black
+band on the fore border of each segment; femora black above except at
+the tips, hind femora black also beneath; wings greyish, slightly
+clouded with dark grey, lurid along the costa for three-fourths of the
+length; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 14
+lines.
+
+35. LAPHRIA MANIFESTA, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Fulva, capite argenteo (mas)
+aut pallide aurato (foem.), antennis apice nigris, thoracis disco et
+abdominis maculis subtrigonis subaeneo-ferrugineis, scutello
+quadrisetoso, alis subcinereis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Tawny. Head silvery in the male, pale-gilded in the
+female; mystax with several slender bristles; mouth lanceolate; third
+joint of the antennae very elongate-subfusiform, black towards the tip;
+disk of the thorax and nearly triangular dorsal spots of the abdomen
+ferruginous with a slight aeneous tinge; pectus testaceous, slightly
+silvery; wings slightly greyish; veins black, testaceous at the base,
+where the wings also have a testaceous tinge; halteres testaceous.
+Length of the body 4-1/2--5 lines; of the wings 8-9 lines.
+
+36. LAPHRIA APERTA, n. s. _Foem._ Testacea, capite subargenteo, antennis
+abdominisque apice nigris, alis nigricantibus basi limpidis, halteribus
+albidis.
+
+_Female._ Testaceous. Head with whitish slightly silvery tomentum;
+mystax with very few bristles; antennae black, third joint long, linear,
+conical at the tip; thorax with a very indistinct darker stripe; abdomen
+black towards the tip; wings blackish, limpid towards the base; veins
+black, testaceous at the base; halteres whitish. Length of the body 4
+lines; of the wings 7 lines.
+
+37. LAPHRIA DECLARATA, n. s. _Mas._ Fulva, capite albo, facie argentea
+micante, antennis tibiisque posticis nigris, thorace atro, alis
+cinereis, venis nigris, halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Male._ Tawny, slender. Head white, face brilliant silvery; mystax with
+four bristles; mouth black, short, slender; eyes flat in front; antennae
+black, almost as long as the breadth of the head; third joint long,
+slender, lanceolate; thorax deep black; scutellum reddish tawny; hind
+tibiae black, with tawny tips; wings greyish, veins black; discal veinlet
+and third externo-medial vein forming one straight line, as in the genus
+_Atomosia_; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines; of the
+wings 6 lines.
+
+Subfam. ASILITES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. TRUPANEA, _Macq._
+
+38. TRUPANEA CONTRADICENS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Nigricans,
+cinereo-subtomentosa, thoracis vittis pectoreque cano-tomentosis,
+pedibus nigris, tibiis rufis apice nigris, alis fusco-cinereis, areola
+radiali schistaceo vittata. _Mas._ Capite subaurato, barba
+testaceo-albida, abdominis segmentis lutescente marginatis. _Foem._
+Capite barbaque albidis, abdomine stylato, segmentis cano marginatis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Blackish. Antennae and legs black; thorax slightly
+covered with cinereous tomentum; stripes, pectus, and underside of the
+abdomen hoary; tibiae red, with black tips; wings brownish grey; radial
+areolet with a slate-coloured stripe. _Male._ Head slightly gilded;
+mystax with a few black bristles and many gilded bristles; beard
+testaceous-whitish; sides of the abdomen and hind borders of the
+segments lutescent. _Female._ Head and beard whitish; mystax with many
+black bristles and a few white bristles; abdomen with an apical style,
+more than one-third of the length of the preceding part, sides and hind
+borders of the segments hoary. Length of the body 12-14 lines; of the
+wings 14-18 lines.
+
+Gen. ASILUS, _Linn._
+
+39. Asilus longistylus, _Wied. Auss. Zweifl._ 1. 433. 13. Inhabits also
+Java.
+
+Gen. OMMATIUS, _Illiger._
+
+40. OMMATIUS NOCTIFER, n. s. _Mas._ Niger, capite aurato, thoracis
+incisuris, scutello, pectore, segmentorum abdominalium marginibus
+ventreque canis, tibiis fulvis apice nigris, alis cinereis costa
+apiceque nigricantibus, halteribus ferrugineis.
+
+_Male._ Black. Head gilded; mystax with a few black and several gilded
+bristles; sutures of the thorax, scutellum, sides, pectus, hind borders
+of the abdominal segments, and underside hoary; tibiae tawny, with black
+tips; wings cinereous, blackish along the costa and towards the tips,
+veins black; halteres ferruginous. Length of the body 6--6-1/2 lines; of
+the wings 11-12 lines.
+
+41. OMMATIUS LUCIFER, n. s. _Mas._ AEneo-niger, capite argenteo, pectore
+albido, abdominis segmentis ferrugineo marginatis, pedibus testaceis,
+femoribus nigro-vittatis, tarsis nigris, alis limpidis apice
+nigricantibus costa atra apud medium incrassata, halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Male._ Bronze-black. Head silvery in front; mystax with a few black and
+a few whitish bristles; pectus whitish; hind borders of the abdominal
+segments ferruginous; legs testaceous; femora striped with black; tarsi
+black, ferruginous at the base; wings limpid, blackish at the tips;
+costa deep black, incrassated in the middle; halteres testaceous. Length
+of the body 6 lines; of the wings 11 lines.
+
+42. OMMATIUS RETRAHENS, n. s. _Foem._ Cinereo-niger, facie argentea,
+pectore albido, pedibus testaceis, tarsis, femoribus tibiisque apice
+femoribusque posticis nigris, alis limpidis apice subcinereis,
+halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Cinereous-black. Head silvery white in front; mystax with very
+few white and black bristles; pectus whitish; legs testaceous; tips of
+the anterior femora and of the middle tibiae black; hind femora and hind
+tarsi black; anterior tarsi and hind tibiae black, testaceous towards the
+base; wings limpid, slightly cinereous towards the tips; veins black;
+halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7 lines.
+
+Gen. LEPTOGASTER, _Meigen._
+
+43. LEPTOGASTER FERRUGINEUS, n. s. _Mas._ Ferrugineus, pectore albo,
+abdomine nigro, segmentorum marginibus ventreque testaceis, pedibus
+fulvis, femoribus apice nigris, tibiis piceo vittatis, tibiis posticis
+tarsisque nigris basi testaceis, alis sublimpidis, halteribus testaceis
+apice piceis.
+
+_Male._ Ferruginous. Head pale, gilded in front, hind side and pectus
+white; mouth and antennae tawny, the latter blackish towards the tips;
+abdomen black; hind borders of the segments and under side testaceous;
+legs tawny; anterior femora with a testaceous band before the tips,
+which are black; hind femora and anterior tibiae striped with piceous,
+the latter black towards the tips; tarsi and hind tibiae black,
+testaceous at the base; wings very slightly greyish, veins black;
+halteres testaceous, piceous towards the tips. Length of the body 7
+lines; of the wings 10 lines.
+
+44. LEPTOGASTER LONGIPES, n. s. _Mas._ Ferrugineus, pectore albido,
+abdomine piceo, segmentis apice fulvescentibus, pedibus anterioribus
+fulvescentibus, posticis piceis longissimis, femoribus posticis basi
+testaceis, alis subcinereis basi obscurioribus costa venisque nigris,
+halteribus testaceis apice nigris.
+
+_Male._ Ferruginous. Head testaceous in front; mouth and antennae black;
+pectus whitish; abdomen piceous, hind borders of the segments somewhat
+tawny; legs somewhat tawny; hind legs piceous, very long, their femora
+testaceous at the base; wings slightly greyish, darker towards the base,
+costa and veins black; halteres testaceous, with black knobs. Length of
+the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+45. LEPTOGASTER ALBIMANUS, n. s. _Mas._ Niger, capite antico pectoreque
+albis, antennis basi ferrugineis, abdominis segmentis cano fasciatis,
+femoribus, tibiis tarsisque basi albis, femoribus posticis luteo
+fasciatis, alis limpidis, halteribus albidis apice piceis.
+
+_Male._ Black. Head in front and the pectus white; antennae ferruginous
+at the base; abdomen long, a hoary band on the hind border of each
+segment; femora, tibiae, and tarsi white at the base; hind legs long,
+rather stout; hind femora with a luteous band; wings limpid, veins
+black; halteres whitish, with piceous knobs. Length of the body 5 lines;
+of the wings 7 lines.
+
+
+Fam. LEPTIDAE, _Westw._
+
+Gen. LEPTIS, _Fabr._
+
+46. Leptis ferruginosa, _Wied._ See Vol. I. p. 118.
+
+Gen. CHRYSOPILA, _Macq._
+
+47. CHRYSOPILA VACILLANS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Lutescens, capite nigro,
+thorace subvittato, abdominis segmentis nigro fasciatis, alis
+sublimpidis apud costam flavescentibus, venis fusco latissime
+marginatis, stigmate nigro-fusco.
+
+_Male and Female._ Lutescent. Head of the female black, shining; thorax
+with two brown bands which are paler and indistinct hindward; abdomen
+with a broad black band on each segment; tarsi blackish towards the
+tips; wings nearly limpid, yellowish along the costa, veins exteriorly
+with very broad brownish borders, stigma blackish brown. Length of the
+body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings 6 lines.
+
+
+Fam. BOMBYLIDAE, _Leach._
+
+Subfam. THEREVITES, _Walk._
+
+48. THEREVA CONGRUA, n. s. _Mas._ Nigra, glaucescente albo tomentosa,
+albo pilosa, capite argenteo, thorace trivittato et bilineato, pedibus
+nigris, femoribus albis, alis cinereis stigmate elongato venisque
+nigris.
+
+_Male._ Black, with glaucous-white tomentum and with white hairs. Head
+silvery in front; thorax with three blackish brown stripes, the middle
+one with a dark stripe on each side, broader and more distinct than the
+lateral pair; abdomen beneath and legs black, femora white; wings grey,
+with an elongated black stigma and black veins; halteres black. Length
+of the body 5 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+Subfam. BOMBYLITES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. ANTHRAX, _Fabr._
+
+49. ANTHRAX PELOPS, n. s. _Mas._ Ferruginea, thoracis margine rufo
+piloso, pectore abdomineque nigris, abdomine fasciis duabus, maculis
+duabus apicalibus, plagaque ventrali subtrigona argenteis, alis
+cinereis, basi costaque nigris.
+
+_Male._ Closely allied to _A. Tantalus_. Dark ferruginous. Head above,
+antennae, pectus, abdomen, and legs black; thorax bordered with red
+hairs; pectus with a silvery dot on each side; abdomen with red hairs on
+each side at the base, with two silvery bands, with two silvery apical
+spots, and with a ventral, nearly triangular, silvery patch; wings
+cinereous, black at the base and along five-sixths of the length of the
+costa, veins and halteres black. Length of the body 8 lines; of the
+wings 18 lines.
+
+50. Anthrax semiscita, _Walk._ See Vol. I. p. 118.
+
+51. Anthrax degenera, _Walk._ See Vol. I. p. 15.
+
+Gen. GERON, _Meigen._
+
+52. GERON SIMPLEX, n. s. _Mas._ Ater, antennis pedibusque nigris, alis
+subcinereis, halteribus fulvis.
+
+_Male._ Deep black. Eyes bright red; proboscis a little longer than the
+thorax; antennae and legs black; wings slightly greyish, veins black;
+halteres tawny. Length of the body 2-1/2 lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+
+Fam. EMPIDOAE, _Leach._
+
+Gen. HYBOS, _Fabr._
+
+53. HYBOS BICOLOR, n. s. _Mas._ Fulvus, ore antennisque testaceis,
+abdomine, femoribus posticis apice tibiisque anticis piceis, tarsis
+anterioribus ferrugineis, alis obscure cinereis.
+
+_Male._ Tawny. Mouth and antennae testaceous; abdomen, hind femora at the
+tips, and fore tibiae piceous, anterior tarsi ferruginous; wings dark
+grey, veins black. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings 7 lines.
+
+
+Fam. DOLICHOPIDAE, _Leach._
+
+Gen. Psilopus, _Meigen._
+
+54. Psilopus aeneus, _Fabr. Syst. Antl._ 268. 9.
+
+Inhabits also Java.
+
+55. PSILOPUS BENEDICTUS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Aureo-viridis, facie
+pectoreque argenteis, antennis testaceis apice nigris, thorace vittis
+tribus cupreis, abdomine fasciis cupreo-purpureis, maculis lateralibus
+albidis, pedibus testaceis tibiis posticis tarsisque nigris, alis
+subcinereis, costam versus et apud venas transversas nigro-fuscis,
+halteribus testaceis. _Foem._ Vertice cyaneo-purpureo, abdomine fasciis
+cyaneis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Golden green. Face silvery; antennae testaceous, black
+towards the tips, arista full as long as the thorax; thorax with three
+cupreous stripes; pectus silvery; abdomen with cupreous purple bands and
+with whitish spots along each side; legs testaceous, tarsi and hind
+tibiae black; wings slightly greyish, blackish brown along the costa and
+about the transverse veins, veins black, fore branch of the praebrachial
+vein curved inward, discal transverse vein undulating; halteres
+testaceous. _Female._ Vertex bluish purple; abdomen with blue bands.
+Length of the body 4--4-1/2 lines; of the wings 7-8 lines.
+
+56. PSILOPUS LUCIGENA, n. s. _Mas._ Aureo-viridis, facie pectoreque
+argenteis, antennis tarsisque nigris, thorace vittis tribus
+rufo-cupreis, abdomine fasciis cupreo-purpureis, femoribus
+lutescentibus, tibiis piceis, femoribus anticis apice nigricantibus,
+alis nigris apice albis, halteribus fulvis apice nigris.
+
+_Male._ Golden green. Face and pectus silvery; antennae black, arista
+longer than the thorax; thorax with three broad reddish cupreous
+stripes; abdomen with broad cupreous purple bands; femora lutescent,
+tibiae piceous, fore femora blackish towards the tips, tarsi black;
+wings black, tips snow-white, fore branch of the praebrachial vein
+slightly curved inward, discal transverse vein much curved outward;
+halteres tawny, with black tips. Length of the body 4-1/2 lines; of the
+wings 9 lines.
+
+57. Psilopus flavicornis, _Wied. Auss. Zweifl._ 11. 227. 31.
+
+Inhabits also Sumatra.
+
+58. PSILOPUS TERMINIFER, n. s. _Mas._ Aureo-viridis, vertice
+cyaneo-purpureo, facie pectoreque argenteis, antennis, pedibus
+halteribusque testaceis, abdomine apicem versus atro fasciis duabus
+cupreis, alis subcinereis apice nigris.
+
+_Male._ Golden-green, slender. Vertex bluish-purple; face and pectus
+silvery; antennae testaceous, arista about half the length of the body;
+fourth and fifth segments of the abdomen deep black with a cupreous band
+on the hind border of each segment, tip blue; legs and halteres
+testaceous; wings greyish, paler along the hind border, tips black, fore
+branch of the praebrachial vein slightly curved inward, discal transverse
+vein slightly undulating. Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 5
+lines.
+
+59. PSILOPUS ORCIFER, n. s. _Foem._ Purpureus, facie pectoreque
+subcinereis, antennis, pedibus halteribusque nigris, abdomine
+cyaneo-viridi segmentorum marginibus posticis purpureis, alis
+nigricantibus margine postico cinereo. _Var._ Viridis, vertice cyaneo,
+abdominis segmentis basi nigris.
+
+_Female._ Purple, rather stout. Face and pectus slightly cinereous;
+antennae, legs, and halteres black; abdomen bluish-green, hind borders of
+the segments purple; wings blackish, cinereous along the hind border,
+fore branch of the praebrachial vein forming an obtuse angle, discal
+transverse vein very undulating. _Var._ Green. Vertex blue; abdominal
+segments black at the base. Length of the body 2-1/2 lines; of the wings
+5 lines.
+
+60. PSILOPUS EGENS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Purpureus, facie pectoreque
+cyaneo-viridi cinereo subtomentosis, antennis, pedibus halteribusque
+nigris, metathorace viridi, abdomine cyaneo, suturis nigris, alis
+cinereis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Purple. Face and pectus slightly covered with
+cinereous tomentum, the latter bluish-green; antennae black, arista much
+more than half the length of the body; metathorax green; abdomen blue,
+sutures black; legs and halteres black; wings grey, fore branch of the
+praebrachial vein much curved inward, discal transverse vein straight;
+length of the body 2-1/2--2-3/4 lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+Gen. DOLICHOPUS, _Latr._
+
+61. DOLICHOPUS TRIGONIFER, n. s. _Foem._ Cupreo-viridis, facie argentea,
+antennis, pedibus halteribusque testaceis, pectore, ventre abdominisque
+maculis lateralibus trigonis albidis, abdomine purpureo marginibus
+posticis nigris, tarsis posterioribus nigricantibus, alis cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Cupreous green. Face silvery; antennae, legs, and halteres
+testaceous; pectus, abdomen beneath, and triangular spots on each side
+whitish; abdomen purple, hind borders of the segments black; posterior
+tarsi blackish; wings grey, veins black, praebrachial vein forming a
+right angle at its flexure, between which and the border it is much
+curved inward, discal transverse vein very slightly curved outwards.
+Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+This species resembles the _Psilopi_ in the structure of the praebrachial
+vein.
+
+Gen. DIAPHORUS, _Meigen._
+
+62. DIAPHORUS RESUMENS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Obscure viridis (mas) aut
+niger (foem.), facie pectoreque albidis, antennis piceis, abdomine
+nigro-cupreo basi obscure testaceo, pedibus anterioribus tibiisque
+posticis basi obscure testaceis, pedibus posticis nigris, alis
+nigricantibus apud marginem posticum pallidioribus, halteribus
+testaceis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Dark green (male) or black (female). Face and pectus
+whitish; antennae piceous; abdomen cupreous-black, dull testaceous
+towards the base; hind legs black, hind tibiae towards the base and
+anterior legs dull testaceous; wings blackish, paler along the hind
+border, veins black, praebrachial vein and discal transverse vein
+straight; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings
+3-1/2 lines.
+
+
+Fam. SYRPHIDAE, _Leach._
+
+Gen. CERIA, _Fabr._
+
+63. CERIA SMARAGDINA, n. s. _Foem._ Saturate metallico-viridis,
+subtilissime punctata, faciei lateribus cupreis, antennis nigris, arista
+nivea, thorace bivittato, abdomine aeneo-viridi, tarsis nigris, alis
+dimidio costali nigro, halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Deep metallic green, very finely punctured. Head blue in
+front, sides of the face cupreous-purple; mouth, antennae, and tarsi
+black; arista snow-white; thorax with two almost contiguous darker
+stripes; abdomen aeneous green, with the exception of the petiole, which
+is very thick; wings slightly greyish, costal half black; halteres
+testaceous. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 14 lines.
+
+64. CERIA RELICTA, n. s. _Mas._ Nigra, faciei lateribus, thoracis
+maculis quatuor humeralibus, pectoris fasciis duabus lateralibus,
+scutello, abdominis maculis duabus basalibus fasciisque duabus flavis,
+tibiis flavescentibus apice piceis, alis apud costam nigris, halteribus
+testaceis.
+
+_Male._ Black. Head yellow beneath, and in front with the exception of a
+black stripe on the disk of the face; arista white; thorax with two
+yellow spots on each side in front; scutellum yellow; pectus with an
+oblique yellow band on each side; abdomen not petiolated, with a tumid
+yellow spot on each side at the base, hind borders of the third and
+fourth segments yellow; femora at the tips and tibiae yellow, the latter
+piceous towards the tips, tarsi piceous; wings greyish-black towards the
+costa, excepting a lurid costal streak which extends along half the
+length from the base; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 6 lines;
+of the wings 11 lines.
+
+65. CERIA RELICTA, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, faciei lateribus abdominisque
+fasciis duabus flavis, antennis ferrugineo variis, pedibus fulvis, alis
+cinereis costam versus nigris, halteribus stramineis.
+
+_Female._ Black. Head yellow, beneath and in front with the exception of
+a black stripe on the disk of the face; first and third joints of the
+antennae somewhat ferruginous, arista white; thorax with two indistinct
+yellowish marks on the transverse suture, hind border of the scutellum
+and hind borders of the second and third abdominal segments yellow; legs
+tawny, tibiae paler towards the base; wings green, black for nearly half
+the breadth from the costa; halteres straw-colour. Length of the body 6
+lines; of the wings 11 lines.
+
+This may prove to be the female of _C. relictura_, notwithstanding its
+great difference from that species in the marks of the thorax and of the
+abdomen, and in the colour of the legs.
+
+Gen. MICRODON, _Meig._
+
+66. MICRODON FULVICORNIS, n. s. _Mas._ Niger, aureo-subpubescens,
+antennis, abdomine, pedibus halteribusque fulvis, femoribus nigris,
+tibiis nigro vittatis, alis fuscis postice cinereis.
+
+_Male._ Black. Head with gilded pubescence, cinereous behind and
+beneath; antennae tawny, second joint above towards the tip and third
+joint piceous; thorax slightly covered with gilded tomentum; pectus with
+cinereous tomentum; abdomen with gilded tomentum towards the tip; legs
+tawny, femora mostly black, tibiae with black stripes; wings cinereous,
+dark-brown about the costa, veinlet which bisects the subapical areolet
+incomplete, as it is also in the following species; halteres tawny.
+Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines.
+
+67. MICRODON APICALIS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Niger, aureo-pubescens,
+thorace abdomineque fasciatis, pedibus halteribusque fulvis, alis
+nigro-fuscis postice obscure cinereis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Black, with gilded tomentum, which forms two bands on
+the thorax, and one on each side of the pectus; abdomen with three
+gilded tomentose bands, the third subapical, first segment ferruginous
+beneath; legs tawny, femora at the base and coxae black; wings
+blackish-brown, dark cinereous hindward; halteres tawny. Length of the
+body 5-6 lines; of the wings 10-12 lines.
+
+Gen. GRAPTOMYZA, _Wied._
+
+68. GRAPTOMYZA TIBIALIS, n. s. _Mas._ Testacea, vertice pectorisque
+fasciis duabus piceis, antennis supra nigris, abdominis lateribus
+fasciis duabus subtrigonis apiceque nigris, alis cinereis.
+
+_Male._ Testaceous. Vertex and mouth piceous; epistoma with a piceous
+line on each side; third joint of the antennae black above; abdomen black
+along each side and at the tip, and with two black bands which are
+angular in front; wings cinereous. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines; of
+the wings 6 lines.
+
+Gen. ERISTALIS, _Latr._
+
+69. Eristalis splendens, _Leguillon, Voy. aut. du Monde_; _Macq. Dipt.
+Exot._ 11. 2. 49. 28.
+
+Inhabits also Solomon's Islands.
+
+70. ERISTALIS RESOLUTUS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Niger, capite antice albo,
+thorace vittis duabus fasciaque pectorisque disco cinereis, scutello
+fulvo, abdomine fasciis interruptis aeneo-viridibus, tibiis basi
+fulvescentibus, alis fuscis (mas) aut obscure fuscis (foem.) basi
+cinereis, halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Black. Head shining, with white tomentum beneath and
+on each side of the face; third joint of the antennae piceous, arista
+simple; thorax with two cinereous stripes and with one cinereous band,
+somewhat chalybeous towards the scutellum, which is tawny; the band
+continued on each side of the pectus, whose disk is cinereous; abdomen
+with an interrupted aeneous-green band on the second segment, third and
+fourth segments aeneous-green, each with three large black spots; tibia
+somewhat tawny towards the base; wings brown (male) or dark brown
+(female), cinereous towards the base; halteres testaceous. Length of the
+body 6 lines; of the wings 10 lines.
+
+71. ERISTALIS CONDUCTUS, n. s. _Foem._ Niger, faciei lateribus albis,
+antennis, scutello, abdominis fasciis pedibusque testaceis, thorace
+antico albido, alis subcinereis apice obscurioribus.
+
+_Female_. Black. Head shining, with white tomentum behind, beneath and
+on each side of the face; antennae, scutellum, and legs testaceous,
+arista simple; thorax whitish in front, the whitish part continued in a
+short band on each side of the pectus; abdomen testaceous at the base
+and beneath, and with three testaceous bands; hind tibiae with black
+tips; wings slightly greyish, darker towards the tips, cubital vein much
+less bent than usual; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 3-1/2
+lines; of the wings 6 lines.
+
+72. ERISTALIS SUAVISSIMUS, n. s. _Foem._ Fulvus, capite testaceo vertice
+nigro, thorace vittis quinque testaceis, abdomine nigro maculis sex
+lutescentibus, segmentorum marginibus posticis aeneis, pedibus nigris
+testaceo fasciatis, alis sublimpidis punctis duobus costalibus nigris.
+
+_Female_. Tawny. Head with testaceous tomentum, vertex black, shining;
+antennae testaceous, arista simple; thorax with five testaceous stripes;
+pectus with two oblique testaceous bands on each side; abdomen black,
+with six somewhat luteous spots, the basal pair larger and darker than
+the middle pair, which are larger than the hind pair, apical segment
+with two testaceous points, hind borders of the segments aeneous above,
+testaceous beneath; legs black, tibiae at the base and tarsi testaceous;
+wings nearly limpid, costa with two black points; halteres testaceous.
+Length of the body 5-1/2 lines; of the wings 10 lines.
+
+73. ERISTALIS MUSCOIDES, n. s. _Mas._ Cyaneo-viridis subchalybeus,
+capitis callo antennisque fulvis, faciei lateribus albo tomentosis,
+thorace subvittato, abdomine nigro maculis aeneo-viridibus, pedibus
+nigris, alis subcinereis, halteribus albis.
+
+_Male._ Bluish-green, with a slight chalybeous tinge. Face with white
+tomentum along each side, middle callus tawny, shining; antennae pale
+tawny, arista plumose; thorax with three indistinct black stripes, the
+lateral pair oblique, callus on each side beneath pale tawny; abdomen
+black, second segment with a broad interrupted bluish green band, third
+segment with four aeneous-green streaks, fourth segment also with four
+streaks which are united on the hind border, ventral segments whitish on
+each side; legs black; femora bluish black towards the base; wings
+slightly cinereous; halteres white. Length of the body 4 lines; of the
+wings 8 lines.
+
+Gen. HELOPHILUS, _Meigen._
+
+74. Helophilus quadrivittatus, _Wied. Auss. Zweifl._ 11. 168. 22.
+(Eristalis).
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan.
+
+75. HELOPHILUS MESOLEUCUS, n. s. _Foem._ Niger, faciei lateribus niveo
+tomentosis, thorace vittis quatuor canis, scutello, abdominis fascia
+antica latissima interrupta basique lutescentibus, alis cinereis, venis
+basi halteribusque fulvis.
+
+_Female._ Black. Face with snow-white tomentum on each side; thorax with
+four hoary stripes; pectus with a cinereous disk; scutellum pale
+luteous; abdomen pale luteous at the base, and with a broad interrupted
+pale luteous band on the second segment, third and fourth segments
+somewhat chalybeous, the former livid along the fore border, under side
+with two lateral abbreviated pale luteous stripes; hind femora thick;
+wings grey, veins towards the base, and halteres, tawny. Length of the
+body 6-1/2 lines; of the wings 12 lines.
+
+Gen. XYLOTA, _Meigen._
+
+76. XYLOTA VENTRALIS, n. s. _Foem._ Nigro-chalybea, capite albido
+tomentoso, scutello fulvo, vittis duabus ventralibus latis abbreviatis
+testaceis, pedibus piceo et testaceo variis, alis fuscis basi cinereis,
+halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Blackish chalybeous. Head with whitish tomentum, excepting the
+callus on the vertex and another on the front; mouth and antennae black;
+scutellum tawny; abdomen beneath with two very broad testaceous stripes
+extending from the base to two-thirds of the length; legs dingy
+testaceous, femora and hind tibiae partly piceous, hind femora thick,
+piceous, slightly chalybeous, armed with spines beneath; wings dark
+brown, cinereous towards the base; halteres testaceous. Length of the
+body 4-1/2 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+Gen. ORTHONEURA, _Macq._
+
+77. ORTHONEURA BASALIS, n. s. _Foem._ Chalybeo-nigra, nitens,
+cano-subtomentosa, antennis ferrugineis basi fulvis articulo tertio
+elongato, tarsis posterioribus piceis, tarsis anticis tibiisque
+anterioribus fulvis, his nigro fasciatis, alis subcinereis fusco
+fasciatis, halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Chalybeous-black, very shining, partly and slightly covered
+with hoary tomentum; antennae tawny, third joint ferruginous, long,
+linear, tawny at the base; anterior tibiae tawny with a black band, fore
+tarsi tawny, hinder tarsi piceous; wings greyish, with a subapical brown
+band which is abbreviated hindward, veins towards the base and halteres
+testaceous; alulae whitish. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings
+6 lines.
+
+Gen. SYRPHUS, _Fabr._
+
+78. Syrphus aegrotus, _Fabr._ See Vol. I. p. 124.
+
+79. Syrphus ericetorum, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ iv. 287. 34. Inhabits also
+Sierra Leone, Hindostan, and Java.
+
+
+Fam. MUSCIDAE, _Latr._
+
+Subfam. TACHINIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. MASICERA, _Macq._
+
+80. MASICERA NOTABILIS, n. s. _Mas._ Nigra, longiuscula, capite
+abdominisque fasciis albis, frontalibus atris, pectore cano, scutelli
+margine postico abdominisque lateribus ferrugineis, alis cinereis, venis
+fusco marginatis.
+
+_Male._ Black, rather long, with long stout bristles; head white,
+silvery, with white hairs behind and beneath, frontalia deep black,
+widening slightly to the face, facialia without bristles, epistoma not
+prominent; eyes bare; palpi ferruginous at the tips; antennae extending
+to the epistoma, third joint slightly widening towards the tip, nearly
+four times the length of the second, arista slender, very much longer
+than the third joint; pectus and sides of the thorax hoary, hind border
+of the scutellum ferruginous; abdomen fusiform, much longer than the
+thorax, with a broad slightly interrupted white band on the fore border
+of each segment, sides of the second and third segments slightly
+ferruginous; wings grey, veins black bordered with brown, praebrachial
+vein forming a slightly acute angle at its flexure, near which it is
+much curved inward, and is thence straight to its tip, discal transverse
+vein curved inward, parted by less than its length from the border, and
+by rather more than half its length from the flexure of the praebrachial;
+alulae white; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 6 lines; of the
+wings 12 lines.
+
+81. MASICERA? TENTATA, n. s. Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa, capite argenteo
+frontalibus atris, antennarum articulo tertio basi rufo, thorace
+quadrivittato, abdomine?, pedibus longiusculis, alis nigricantibus
+postice cinereis.
+
+Black, with cinereous tomentum and with moderately stout bristles. Head
+silvery with white hairs behind and beneath, frontalia deep black,
+slightly widening towards the face, facialia without bristles, epistoma
+not prominent; antennae extending nearly to the epistoma; third joint
+cinereous, slender, linear, red towards the base, rounded at the tip,
+more than four times the length of the second; arista slender, much
+longer than the third joint; thorax with four slender black stripes;
+scutellum not cinereous; abdomen wanting; legs rather long and slender;
+wings blackish, cinereous hindward and at the tips, veins black,
+praebrachial vein forming a very obtuse angle at its flexure, from whence
+it is almost straight to its tip, discal transverse vein slightly
+undulating, parted by much less than its length from the border, and by
+a little less than its length from the flexure of the praebrachial; alulae
+large, yellowish white; halteres piceous. Length of the body 4? lines;
+of the wings 7 lines.
+
+82. MASICERA SOLENNIS, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, breviuscula,
+cinereo-tomentosa, capite albo, frontalibus atris, thorace
+quadrivittato, scutelli margine postico ferrugineo, abdomine
+subtessellato, alis cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Black, rather short, with cinereous tomentum. Head white, with
+white hairs behind and beneath, frontalia deep black, widening towards
+the face, facialia without bristles, epistoma not prominent; eyes bare;
+antennae almost reaching the epistoma, third joint cinereous, linear,
+rounded at the tip, more than four times the length of of the second,
+arista slightly stout towards the base, much longer than the third
+joint; thorax with four slender black stripes; scutellum ferruginous
+along the hind border; abdomen short-conical, with three broad
+interrupted cinereous bands; legs rather short; wings grey, veins black,
+praebrachial vein forming a slightly obtuse angle at its flexure, from
+whence it is almost straight to its tip, discal transverse vein nearly
+straight, parted by much less than its length from the border and by a
+little less than its length from the flexure of the praebrachial; alulae
+cinereous. Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+83. MASICERA SIMPLEX, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, capite albo, frontalibus
+atris, thorace cinereo-tomentoso quadrivittato, abdomine fasciis
+cinereis late interruptis, alis cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Black, with stout bristles. Head white, with white hairs
+beneath, frontalia deep black, linear, face oblique, facialia without
+bristles, epistoma not prominent; eyes bare; antennae almost reaching the
+epistoma, third joint cinereous, linear, rather broad, almost truncated
+at the tip, about four times the length of the second, arista slender,
+very much longer than the third joint; thorax and pectus with cinereous
+tomentum, the former with four slender black stripes; abdomen shining,
+subelliptical, a little longer than the thorax, with a widely
+interrupted cinereous band on the fore border of each segment; legs
+stout; wings cinereous; veins black; praebrachial vein forming a very
+obtuse angle at its flexure, from whence it is straight to its tip,
+discal transverse vein almost straight, parted by hardly less than its
+length from the border, and by very much more than its length from the
+flexure of the praebrachial; alulae white. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines;
+of the wings 6 lines.
+
+84. MASICERA GUTTATA, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, capite albo, frontalibus
+atris, thoracis vittis tribus pectoreque cinereis, abdomine guttis
+lateralibus albis, alis cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Black, with short slight bristles. Head white, frontalia deep
+black, widening slightly towards the epistoma, face oblique, facialia
+without bristles, epistoma not prominent; antennae reaching the epistoma,
+third joint linear, slightly truncated at the tip, full four times the
+length of the second, arista slender; thorax with three cinereous
+stripes; pectus cinereous; abdomen elongate-oval, a little longer than
+the thorax, a row of white dots along each side on the fore borders of
+the segments; wings cinereous, a little darker along the costa towards
+the base, veins black, praebrachial vein forming a very obtuse angle at
+its flexure, from whence it is almost straight to its tips; discal
+transverse vein straight, parted by more than its length from the border
+and by nearly twice its length from the flexure of the praebrachial;
+alulae whitish. Length of the body 2-1/2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.
+
+Gen. EURYGASTER, _Macq._
+
+85. EURYGASTER TENTANS, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, latiuscula, cinereo
+tomentosa, capite albo, frontalibus atris, thorace vittis quatuor
+nigris, scutelli margine postico ferrugineo, abdomine subtessellato,
+alis cinereis apud costam subfuscis.
+
+_Female._ Black, rather broad, with cinereous tomentum. Head white, with
+white hairs behind and beneath, frontalia deep black, narrow, widening
+towards the face, which is oblique, facialia with bristles along more
+than one-third of the length from the frontalia, epistoma not prominent;
+eyes pubescent, palpi ferruginous; antennae extending to the epistoma,
+third joint cinereous, hardly widening from the base to the tip, which
+is somewhat truncated, arista slender, very much longer than the third
+joint; thorax with four indistinct black stripes; scutellum ferruginous
+hindward; abdomen conical, not longer than the thorax, with three broad,
+slightly interrupted, cinereous bands, second segment indistinctly
+ferruginous on each side; legs stout; wings grey, slightly brownish in
+front, veins black, testaceous towards the base, praebrachial vein
+forming an obtuse angle at its flexure, hardly curved inward from thence
+to its tip, discal transverse vein very slightly undulating, parted by
+much less than its length from the border and from the flexure of the
+praebrachial; alulae whitish. Length of the body 4-1/2 lines; of the wings
+8 lines.
+
+86. EURYGASTER DECIPIENS, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, aureo-tomentosa, capite
+antico argenteo frontalibus atris, antennis ferrugineis, thorace vittis
+quatuor nigris, abdomine fulvo subtessellato vitta basali nigra, pedibus
+fulvis, alis cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Black, stout, with gilded tomentum. Head silvery white in
+front and beneath, frontalia deep black, widening slightly towards the
+upright face, the bristles on each side hardly extending to the
+facialia, epistoma not prominent; eyes bare; antennae ferruginous,
+extending to the epistoma, third joint linear, somewhat truncated at the
+tip, more than four times the length of the second joint, arista
+slender, much longer than the third joint; thorax with numerous long
+bristles, with four slight black stripes; pectus cinereous; abdomen
+tawny, conical, not longer than the thorax, with short stout bristles,
+and with three broad, slightly gilded, somewhat interrupted bands, a
+short black stripe at the base; legs tawny, stout, tibiae darker than the
+femora, tarsi piceous; wings grey, somewhat darker in front, veins
+black, praebrachial vein forming a right angle at its flexure, near which
+it is much curved inward, discal transverse vein nearly straight, parted
+by more than half its length from the border, and by a little less than
+its length from the flexure of the praebrachial; alulae slightly
+cinereous. Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7 lines.
+
+87. EURYGASTER PHASIOIDES, n. s. _Mas._ Nigra, cano-tomentosa, capite
+albo frontalibus atris, antennis, scutello, abdomine femoribusque
+fulvis, abdomine fasciis duabus posticis albidis vittaque nigra, alis
+cinereis basi albis, costa plagaque nigricantibus.
+
+_Male._ Black, with hoary tomentum. Head white, frontalia deep black,
+widening towards the upright face, facialia with bristles along more
+than half the length from the epistoma, which is not prominent; eyes
+bare; palpi testaceous; antennae tawny, extending to the epistoma, third
+joint linear, slightly rounded at the tip, more than four times the
+length of the second joint, arista slender, much longer than the third
+joint; thorax with four very slender black stripes; abdomen tawny,
+short-oval, not longer than the thorax, with a black stripe which does
+not extend to the tip, third and fourth segments with a white band along
+each fore border; legs very stout, femora tawny; wings cinereous, white
+and with testaceous veins at the base, blackish along the costa, and
+with a broad black band which is abbreviated hindward, praebrachial vein
+forming an obtuse angle at its flexure, from whence it is very slightly
+curved inward to its tip, discal transverse vein nearly straight, parted
+by much less than its length from the border, and by hardly less than
+its length from the flexure of the praebrachial; alulae whitish. Length of
+the body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings 6 lines.
+
+Subfam. DEXIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. RUTILIA, _Desv._
+
+88. Rutilia plumicornis, _Guerin, Macq. Dipt. Exot._ 11. 3. 82. 3. Pl.
+9. f. 8.
+
+Inhabits also Offak, New Guinea.
+
+89. RUTILIA ANGUSTIPENNIS, n. s. _Foem._ Nigro-viridis, capite cinereo
+frontalibus atris, thoracis lateribus subpurpurascentibus, scutello
+purpureo, abdomine viridi basi purpureo, tibiis ferrugineis, alis
+angustis lanceolatis obscure fuscis basi nigris.
+
+_Female._ Blackish-green. Head cinereous, frontalia deep black, widening
+much towards the face, epistoma very prominent, arista stout, bare;
+thorax with almost obsolete stripes, purplish along each side; scutellum
+mostly purple; abdomen dark green, purple at the base; legs black, tibiae
+ferruginous; wings narrow, lanceolate, dark brown, black towards the
+base, praebrachial vein forming a much rounded angle at its flexure, near
+which it is slightly curved inward, and is thence straight to its tip,
+discal transverse vein very slightly undulating, parted by less than
+half its length from the border, and by much more than half its length
+from the flexure of the praebrachial; alulae dark brownish cinereous.
+Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 16 lines.
+
+Gen. DEXIA, _Meigen._
+
+90. DEXIA PECTORALIS, n. s. _Foem._ Testacea, capite pectoreque albis
+frontalibus atris, antennis fulvis, thorace cinereo vittis quatuor
+nigris, abdomine fulvo apicem versus spinoso fasciis duabus nigris,
+pedibus longis tibiis tarsisque nigris, alis cinereis venis subfusco
+late marginatis.
+
+_Female._ Testaceous. Head white, frontalia deep black, widening towards
+the face, facialia without bristles, epistoma prominent; antennae tawny,
+not reaching the epistoma, third joint of the antennae long, linear,
+arista plumose; thorax cinereous, with four black stripes, of which the
+inner pair are much narrower than the outer pair; scutellum tawny
+hindward; pectus white; abdomen tawny, with a few spines towards the
+tip, hind borders of the third and fourth segments and tips black; legs
+long, black, coxae and femora testaceous; wings grey, veins very broadly
+bordered with pale brown, praebrachial vein forming a slightly obtuse
+angle at its flexure, between which and its tip it is slightly curved
+inward, discal transverse vein undulating, parted by about half its
+length from the border, and by a little less than its length from the
+flexure of the praebrachial; alulae cinereous. Length of the body 4 lines;
+of the wings 9 lines.
+
+Gen. PROSENA, _St.-Farg._
+
+91. PROSENA ARGENTATA, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Testacea (mas) aut nigra
+(foem.), capite thoraceque argenteis, antennis fulvis, abdomine longo
+fasciis vittaque nigris (mas) aut breviore fasciis cinereis lateribusque
+basi testaceis (foem.), pedibus nigris femoribus testaceis, alis
+subfuscescentibus (mas) aut cinereis (foem.).
+
+_Male and Female._ Head and thorax with bright silvery tomentum,
+facialia without bristles, epistoma slightly prominent; eyes bare; mouth
+black, testaceous towards the base, full as long as the thorax; antennae
+tawny, not reaching the epistoma, arista plumose; legs black, coxae and
+femora testaceous; wings grey, veins black. _Male._ Testaceous. Pectus
+mostly white; abdomen elongate-conical, with slight whitish reflexions,
+dorsal stripe and hind borders of the segments black; legs long; wings
+brownish towards the costa and about the veins, praebrachial vein forming
+a slightly obtuse angle at its flexure, between which and its tip it is
+very slightly curved inward, discal transverse vein hardly undulating,
+parted by less than half its length from the border, and by less than
+its length from the flexure of the praebrachial. Length of the body 5
+lines; of the wings 10 lines. _Female_. Black. Pectus silvery; scutellum
+deep black; abdomen conical, with broad cinereous bands, first and
+second segments with broad interrupted testaceous bands, a testaceous
+mark on each side of the third segment at the base; legs rather long,
+femora with black tips; praebrachial vein forming a right angle at its
+flexure, curved inward from thence to its tip, discal transverse vein
+curved inward near its hind end, parted by less than its length from the
+border and from the flexure of the praebrachial. Length of the body 3-1/2
+lines; of the wings 7 lines.
+
+Subfam. SARCOPHAGIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. SARCOPHAGA, _Meigen._
+
+92. SARCOPHAGA COMPTA, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa, capite
+aurato subtus fulvo piloso, thorace vittis tribus nigris, abdomine
+tessellato, alis obscure cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Black, with cinereous tomentum. Head gilded in front, clothed
+behind and beneath with tawny hairs, frontalia deep black, hardly
+widening towards the face; thorax with three black very distinctly
+marked stripes, the middle one dilated on the scutellum; abdomen
+distinctly tessellated with six large cinereous excavated spots; wings
+grey, praebrachial vein forming a right angle at its flexure, near which
+it is much curved inward, and is thence straight to its tip, discal
+transverse vein hardly undulating, parted by much less than its length
+from the border, and by little more than half its length from the
+flexure of the praebrachial; alulae white. Length of the body 5 lines; of
+the wings 10 lines.
+
+93. SARCOPHAGA INVARIA, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa,
+capite _maris_ albo, thorace vittis quinque nigris, abdomine tessellato,
+alis cinereis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Black, with cinereous tomentum. Thorax with five
+black stripes, the lateral pair incomplete; abdomen distinctly
+tessellated, the spots being much excavated; wings grey, praebrachial
+vein forming a right angle at its flexure, near which it is much curved
+inward, and is thence straight to its tip, discal transverse vein hardly
+undulating, parted by much less than its length from the border, and by
+rather more than half its length from the flexure of the praebrachial;
+alulae white. _Male_. Head silvery white, frontalia deep black, linear;
+tomentum of the thorax and of the abdomen more whitish than that of the
+female. _Female_. Frontalia slightly widening towards the face. Length
+of the body 4--4-1/2 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+Subfam. MUSCIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. IDIA, _Meigen._
+
+94. Idia australis, _Walk. Cat. Dipt._ pt. 4. 809.
+
+Inhabits also Australia.
+
+95. IDIA AEQUALIS, n. s. _Foem._ AEnea, capite subtuberculato, thoracis
+lateribus pectoreque albido-testaceis lineis duabus lateralibus aeneis,
+abdomine fulvo fasciis tribus aeneis, pedibus testaccis tibiis apice
+femoribusque aeneis, alis cinereis apice nigricantibus.
+
+_Female._ AEneous-whitish, testaceous beneath. Head with minute tubercles
+on each side of the front, frontalia piceous, linear; thorax with an
+aeneous stripe on each side in a line with the base of the wings, and
+with numerous points between these lines and the disk; abdomen pale
+tawny, with three aeneous bands on the hind borders of the segments; legs
+testaceous, tibiae towards the tips and femora aeneous; wings greyish,
+with blackish tips, praebrachial vein forming an obtuse and much-rounded
+angle at its flexure, from whence it is almost straight to its tip,
+discal transverse vein parted by about half its length from the border
+and by about its length from the flexure of the praebrachial; alulae very
+slightly cinereous; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines;
+of the wings 6 lines.
+
+Gen. MUSCA, _Linn._
+
+96. MUSCA GLORIOSA, n. s. (genus Silbomyia, _Macq._) _Foem._
+Cyaneo-viridis, capite laetissime aurato frontalibus atris, antennis
+pedibusque nigris, thorace vittis quatuor cupreis, pectore maculis
+quatuor albis, abdomine viridi-cyaneo, vitta tenui purpurea, alis
+cinereis apud costam nigris, alulis albis.
+
+_Female._ Golden green. Head brilliantly gilded, frontalia deep black,
+widening towards the face; a brilliantly-gilded lanceolate streak
+between the antennae, which are black; epistoma piceous, slightly
+prominent; thorax with four cupreous stripes; pectus with four white
+tomentose spots; abdomen greenish blue with a very slender purple
+stripe; legs black, femora blackish green; wings grey, black for full
+one-third of the breadth from the costa, praebrachial vein forming a very
+obtuse angle at its flexure, from whence it is nearly straight to its
+tip, discal transverse vein very slightly undulating, parted by less
+than half its length from the border, and by more than half its length
+from the flexure of the praebrachial; alulae pure white. Length of the
+body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines.
+
+97. MUSCA OPULENTA, N. S. (genus Silbomyia, _Macq._) _Foem._
+Aureo-viridis, Capite Aurato, Frontalibus atris, antennis piceis,
+thorace vittis quatuor subobsoletis cupreis, pectore maculis duabus
+albis, alis cinereis apud costam nigris, alulis albis.
+
+_Female._ Golden green. Head brightly gilded, frontalia deep black,
+linear, epistoma piceous, slightly prominent; antennae piceous; thorax
+with four almost obsolete cupreous stripes; pectus with a spot of white
+tomentum on each side; abdomen with a very indistinct cupreous stripe;
+tibiae and tarsi black; wings grey, black along the costa, praebrachial
+vein forming a right angle at its flexure, near which it is slightly
+curved inward, and is thence straight to its tip, discal transverse vein
+undulating, parted by more than half its length from the border and from
+the flexure of the praebrachial; alulae white. Length of the body 4-1/2
+lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+98. MUSCA MACULARIS, n. s. (genus Chrysomyia? _Desv._) _Mas et Foem._
+Aureo-viridis, capite argenteo antice aurato frontalibus atris, antennis
+pedibusque nigris, thorace vittis tribus cupreis vix conspicuis,
+scutello cyaneo, pectore maculis quatuor lateralibus albo tomentosis,
+abdomine viridi-cyaneo maculis quatuor lateralibus albis, alis cinereis
+basi nigricantibus, alulis nigricantibus.
+
+_Male and Female._ Golden green. Head brightly gilded, white behind;
+antennae, tibiae, and tarsi black; thorax with three indistinct cupreous
+stripes; scutellum blue; pectus with two white tomentose spots on each
+side; abdomen greenish blue with two transverse white spots on each
+side; femora blackish-green; wings grey, blackish at the base,
+praebrachial vein forming a slightly obtuse angle at its flexure, nearly
+straight from thence to its tip, discal transverse vein curved outward
+towards its fore end, parted by about half its length from the border,
+and by much less than its length from the flexure of the praebrachial;
+alulae blackish. _Female._ Head with a silvery white vertex, frontalia
+deep black, linear. Length of the body 56 lines; of the wings 10-12
+lines.
+
+99. MUSCA MARGINIFERA, n. s. (genus Lucilia, _Desv._) _Foem._
+Viridi-cyanea, capite albido frontalibus atris, antennis pedibusque
+nigris, abdominis segmentis purpureo marginatis, alis cinereis basi
+subnigricantibus, alulis cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Greenish-blue. Head whitish, frontalia deep black, linear,
+face and third joint of the antennae cinereous; abdomen with a purple
+band on the hind border of each segment; legs black; wings grey, almost
+blackish at the base, praebrachial vein forming a hardly obtuse angle at
+its flexure, between which and its tip it is hardly curved inward,
+discal transverse vein nearly straight, parted by about half its length
+from the border, and by more than half its length from the flexure of
+the praebrachial; alulae cinereous. Length of the body 4-1/2 lines; of the
+wings 9 lines.
+
+100. MUSCA BENEDICTA, n. s. (genus Pyrellia, _Desv._) _Mas._
+Aureo-viridis, capite albo, antennis pedibusque nigris, alis cinereis
+basi subluridis venis basi fulvis, alulis testaceo-cinereis. _Var._?
+Abdominis apice purpureo.
+
+_Male._ Golden green. Head white in front; antennae and legs black; wings
+cinereous, slightly lurid towards the base, veins tawny towards the
+base, praebrachial vein curved at the flexure, almost straight from
+thence to the tip, discal transverse vein slightly undulating, parted by
+full half its length from the border, and by little less than its length
+from the flexure of the praebrachial; alulae cinereous with a testaceous
+tinge. _Var._? or a distinct species: darker; abdomen purple at the tip.
+Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines.
+
+101. MUSCA OBTRUSA, n. s. (genus Pyrellia, _Desv._) _Mas et Foem._
+Purpureo-cyanea, antennis pedibusque nigris, alis cinereis, alulis
+obscurioribus.
+
+Very nearly allied to _M. refixa_ and to _M. perfixa_, but differing
+slightly in the veins of the wings. _Male and Female._ Blue, more or
+less mingled with purple. Head black, slightly cinereous in front;
+antennae and legs black; wings grey, veins black, praebrachial vein
+forming an almost angular curve at its flexure, nearly straight from
+thence to its tip, discal transverse vein very slightly undulating,
+parted by little more than half its length from the border, and by about
+its length from the flexure of the praebrachial; alulae dark cinereous.
+Length of the body 2-1/2--3 lines; of the wings 5-6 lines.
+
+102. Musca domestica, _Linn._ See Vol. I. p. 128.
+
+103. MUSCA OBSCURATA, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, subcinerascens, capite
+postico albo, thorace vittis quatuor angustis nigris, abdomine
+tessellato, alis obscure cinereis apud costam nigricantibus, alulis
+testaceo-cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Black, slightly covered with cinereous tomentum. Head white
+behind; thorax with four slender black stripes; abdomen distinctly
+tessellated with four rows of cinereous reflecting spots; wings very
+dark grey, blackish towards the costa, praebrachial vein forming a
+somewhat rounded and very slightly obtuse angle at its flexure, hardly
+curved inward from thence to its tip, discal transverse vein slightly
+undulating, parted by less than half its length from the body, and by
+more than half its length from the flexure of the praebrachial; alulae
+cinereous, with a testaceous tinge. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines; of
+the wings 7 lines.
+
+104. MUSCA PATIENS, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa, frontalibus
+antennisque piceis, thorace vittis quatuor tenuissimis nigris, abdomine
+tessellato, alis cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Black, with cinereous tomentum. Head whitish behind, frontalia
+piceous, linear; antennae piceous; thorax with four very slender black
+stripes; abdomen tessellated; wings grey, veins black, praebrachial vein
+forming an obtuse and somewhat rounded angle at its flexure, from whence
+it is hardly curved inward to its tip, discal transverse vein
+undulating, parted by less than half its length from the border, and by
+more than half its length from the flexure of the praebrachial; alulae
+slightly cinereous, with testaceous borders. Length of the body 3 lines;
+of the wings 6 lines.
+
+105. MUSCA ERISTALOIDES, n. s. (genus Pollenia? _Desv._) _Mas et Foem._
+Aureo tomentosa, crassa, subtus testacea, capite antico albo frontalibus
+antice rufis, antennis piceis basi rufis, thorace vittis tribus
+abbreviatis fulvis, scutello cyaneo, abdomine cyaneo basi fasciisque
+duabus albis, pedibus fulvis, tibiis tarsisque nigris, alis cinereis
+apud costam fuscescentibus. _Var. mas._ Minor, thorace vittis tribus
+nigris.
+
+_Male and Female._ Body thick; head white; frontalia of the female
+piceous, linear, red in front; epistoma prominent; proboscis long; palpi
+whitish; antennae piceous, red at the base; thorax with gilded tomentum,
+and with three tawny bands which are abbreviated hindward, scutellum
+blue; pectus testaceous; abdomen blue, white at the base and with two
+white bands on the 3rd and 4th segments, 1st segment with a transverse
+blue spot on each side; legs tawny, tibiae and tarsi black; wings grey,
+blackish along the exterior part of the costa, praebrachial vein forming
+a right but rounded angle at its flexure, near which it is curved inward
+and is thence straight to its tip, discal transverse vein slightly
+undulating, parted by a little more than half its length from the
+border, and by much more than half its length from the flexure of the
+praebrachial; alulae testaceous. _Var. Male._ Smaller; thorax with three
+black stripes; abdomen with only one white band, which is on the 4th
+segment. Length of the body 4-5 lines; of the wings 8-10 lines.
+
+Gen. BENGALIA, _Desv._
+
+106. BENGALIA SPISSA, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Fulva, capite nigro antice
+albo, antennis testaceis, pectore fasciis duabus obliquis albidis,
+pedibus nigris femoribus basi coxisque fulvis, alis cinereis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Tawny. Head black, with silvery tomentum in front,
+epistoma not prominent; palpi black; antennae testaceous; pectus with an
+oblique whitish band on each side; legs black, femora towards the base
+and coxae tawny; wings grey, veins black, testaceous towards the base,
+praebrachial vein forming an obtuse and rounded angle at its flexure,
+which is very near the border of the wing, straight from thence to its
+tip, discal transverse vein straight, parted by much less than its
+length from the border, and by very much more than its length from the
+flexure of the praebrachial; alulae testaceous. Length of the body 3-1/2
+lines; of the wings 7 lines.
+
+Subfam. ANTHOMYIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. ARICIA, _Macq._
+
+107. ARICIA SIGNIFICANS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Fulva, subtus testacea,
+capite nigro argenteo-tomentoso, antennis testaceis, thorace vittis
+tribus albidis, abdominis apice piceo, alis cinereis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Tawny, testaceous beneath. Head black, with silvery
+tomentum, vertex much broader in the female than in the male; palpi
+tawny; antennae testaceous; thorax with three whitish stripes in the
+disk, and with one on each side; abdomen piceous at the tip; tarsi
+blackish towards the tips; wings cinereous, veins black, tawny towards
+the base, discal transverse vein hardly undulating, parted by more than
+its length from the praebrachial transverse, and by less than its length
+from the border; alulae pale cinereous, with testaceous borders. Length
+of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7 lines.
+
+108. ARICIA CANIVITTA, n. s. _Foem._ Fulva, subtus testacea, capite
+nigro, facie argentea, palpis antennisque testaceis, thoracis disco,
+abdominis plagis duabus trigonis pedibusque nigris, thorace vitta cana,
+alis cinereis.
+
+_Female._ Tawny, testaceous beneath. Head black, face silvery; palpi and
+antennae testaceous; disk of the thorax blackish, with a broad hoary
+stripe; disk of the scutellum piceous; second and third segments of the
+abdomen with triangular black bands; legs black, coxae and trochanters
+testaceous; wings grey, veins black, discal transverse vein hardly
+curved inward, parted by more than half its length from the border, and
+by a little less than its length from the praebrachial transverse; alulae
+pale cinereous, with testaceous borders. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines,
+of the wings 7 lines.
+
+Gen. ANTHOMYIA, _Meigen._
+
+109. ANTHOMYIA PROCELLARIA, n. s. _Mas._ Nigra, subtus albida, capite
+argenteo, thorace fasciis duabus (prima interrupta) albis, abdomine
+vitta tenui fasciisque interruptis albidis, alis cinereis, halteribus
+testaceis.
+
+Nearly allied to _A. pluvialis_ and to _A. tonitrui. Male._ Black,
+whitish beneath. Head silvery; thorax with two whitish bands, the first
+interrupted in the middle, widened on each side; scutellum elongate;
+abdomen with a slender whitish stripe, and with interrupted whitish
+bands, which are widened on each side; wings grey, veins black, discal
+transverse vein nearly straight, parted by less than half its length
+from the border and by hardly less than its length from the praebrachial
+transverse; alulae grey, with testaceous borders; halteres testaceous.
+Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines.
+
+Gen. CAENOSIA, _Meigen._
+
+110. CAENOSIA LUTEICORNIS, n. s. _Mas._ Cana, capite antennisque pallide
+luteis, abdomine basi testaceo maculis octo nigris, pedibus
+halteribusque testaceis, alis sublimpidis apice nigris.
+
+_Male._ Hoary. Head pale luteous, frontalia darker, widening towards the
+face; palpi white; antennae pale luteous, extending to the epistoma,
+third joint long, slender, linear, arista plumose for half the length
+from the base; abdomen testaceous towards the base, with four dorsal
+black spots and with two black spots on each side towards the tip; legs
+testaceous; wings nearly limpid, with a black apical spot, discal
+transverse vein nearly straight, parted by less than its length from the
+border and by very much more than its length from the praebrachial
+transverse; alulae white; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 3
+lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+Subfam. HELOMYZIDES, _Fallen._
+
+Gen. COELOPA, _Meigen._
+
+111. COELOPA INCONSPICUA, n. s. _Foem._ Cinerea, antennis piceis,
+pectore antico, abdomine pedibusque fulvis, his nigro variis, alis
+cinereis, halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Cinereous, flat. Antennae piceous; fore part of the pectus,
+abdomen and legs tawny, the latter with diffuse blackish bands; wings
+grey, veins black, with the usual structure, tawny towards the base;
+halteres testaceous. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 3-1/2
+lines.
+
+Gen. XARNUTA, _Walk._
+
+112. Xarnuta leucotelus, _Walk._ See Vol. I. p. 28.
+
+Gen. HELOMYZA, _Fallen_.
+
+113. HELOMYZA PICIPES, n. s. _Foem._ Fulva, capite, antennis
+femoribusque nigris, abdominis segmentis nigro marginatis, tibiis
+tarsisque piceis, alis cinereis apud costam luridis vena discali
+transversa fusco subnebulosa, halteribus testaceis. _Var._ Thoracis
+vitta lata abdomineque piceis.
+
+_Female._ Tawny. Head and antennae black, arista plumose; thorax with two
+slender, darker, almost obsolete stripes; hind borders of the abdominal
+segments black; legs piceous, femora black, coxae tawny; wings grey, with
+a lurid tinge towards the costa, discal transverse vein straight,
+slightly clouded with brown, parted by about half its length from the
+border, and by more than twice its length from the praebrachial
+transverse; halteres testaceous. _Var._ Thorax with a broad piceous
+stripe; abdomen piceous. Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6
+lines.
+
+114. HELOMYZA ATRIPENNIS, n. s. _Mas._ Fulva, scutello nigro, pectore
+piceo, abdomine ferrugineo, alis nigris postice cinereis.
+
+_Male._ Tawny. Antennae pale tawny, arista plumose; thorax with two
+slender, darker, almost obsolete stripes; scutellum black; pectus
+piceous; abdomen ferruginous; wings black, cinereous along the hind
+border for more than half its length from the base, veins as in the
+preceding species. Length of the body 2-1/2 lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+115. HELOMYZA RESTITUTA, n. s. _Foem_. Testacea, abdomine punctis sex
+nigris, alis cinereis apice nigricantibus venis transversis nigricante
+nebulosis.
+
+_Female._ Testaceous. Third, fourth, and fifth segments of the abdomen
+with two black points on each fore border; wings grey, with a slight
+lurid tinge towards the costa, blackish at the tips, transverse veins
+clouded with blackish, veins with the usual structure. Length of the
+body 2-1/2 lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+Gen. DRYOMYZA, _Fallen._
+
+116. DRYOMYZA SEMICYANEA, n. s. _Foem._ Ferruginea, vertice piceo,
+antennis fulvis, thorace cyanescente, abdomine cyaneo basi ferrugineo,
+pedibus testaceis, alis subcinereis apud costam luridis.
+
+_Female._ Ferruginous. Vertex piceous, face slightly covered with
+whitish tomentum; antennae tawny, arista very minutely pubescent; thorax
+tinged with blue; abdomen blue, tawny at the base; legs testaceous;
+wings greyish, lurid along the costa, veins tawny, praebrachial vein
+forming a very slight angle where it joins the discal transverse, with a
+slight curve from thence to its tip, praebrachial transverse stout,
+slightly clouded, discal transverse straight, upright, parted by much
+less than half its length from the border and by a little more than its
+length from the praebrachial transverse; halteres testaceous. Length of
+the body 3-1/2--4-1/2 lines; of the wings 7-9 lines.
+
+Gen. SEPEDON, _Latr._
+
+117. SEPEDON COSTALIS, n. s. _Mas._ Cinerea, capite testaceo guttis
+quatuor nigris, antennis nigris basi testaceis arista alba, abdomine
+pedibusque fulvis femoribus posticis denticulatis, alis
+fuscescenti-cinereis, costa testacea.
+
+_Male._ Cinereous. Head testaceous, with a black dot on each side above
+and two more towards the mouth; antennae black, testaceous at the base,
+second joint very long, arista white; thorax with four slender
+indistinct darker lines, pectus hoary; abdomen and legs tawny, tarsi
+piceous, hind femora denticulated; wings brownish cinereous, slightly
+testaceous along the costa; halteres testaceous. Length of the body
+4-1/2 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+Subfam. LAUXANIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. LAUXANIA, _Latr._
+
+118. LAUXANIA DUPLICANS, n. s. _Foem._ Nigro-cyanea, antennis piceis,
+articulo tertio longissimo, tarsis basi albidis, tibiis intermediis
+sordide albidis, alis limpidis.
+
+_Female._ Blackish-blue, shining. Antennae piceous, third joint very
+long, reddish beneath, arista bare; legs black, tarsi whitish towards
+the base, middle tibiae dingy whitish; wings limpid, veins pale, discal
+transverse vein white, parted by a little less than its length from the
+border and by nearly twice its length from the praebrachial transverse;
+halteres white. Length of the body 2--2-1/2 lines; of the wings 3-4
+lines.
+
+119. LAUXANIA MINUENS, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, nitens, antennis longis
+arista nuda, tarsis albidis, alis sublimpidis, halteribus albis.
+
+_Female._ Black, shining. Third joint of the antennae long, arista bare;
+tarsi whitish; wings very slightly greyish, veins pale, of the usual
+structure; halteres white. Length of the body 1-1/4 line; of the wings
+2-1/2 lines.
+
+Gen. LONCHAEA, _Fallen._
+
+120. LONCHAEA? INOPS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Nigra, nitens, antennis piceis
+arista plumosa, scutello ferrugineo, tibiis, tarsis halteribusque
+fulvis, alis subcinereis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Black, shining. Antennae piceous, third joint short,
+arista plumose; scutellum somewhat ferruginous; tibiae;, tarsi, and
+halteres tawny; wings slightly greyish, veins pale, discal transverse
+vein parted by much less than its length from the border and by nearly
+twice its length from the flexure of the praebrachial. Length of the body
+1-1/2 line; of the wings 3 lines.
+
+Subfam. ORTALIDES, _Haliday._
+
+Gen. LAMPROGASTER, _Macq._
+
+121. LAMPROGASTER QUADRILINEA, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Cyaneo-viridis;
+capite pedibusque nigris; antennis piceis, basi rufis; thorace vittis
+quatuor albidis; abdomine purpureo-cyaneo; alis limpidis, litura basali,
+fasciis duabus (prima abbreviata, secunda interrupta) strigaque costali
+apicali nigris.
+
+_Male and Female._ Bluish green. Head black; proboscis red at the tip;
+antennae piceous, red at the base; thorax with two whitish stripes on
+each side; abdomen purplish blue; legs black, tarsi with pale tomentum
+towards the base; wings limpid, two black streaks, one basal including a
+limpid dot, the other apical, first band oblique, extending from the
+costa to the disk, second widely interrupted in the middle, its hind
+part occupying the discal transverse vein; veins black, testaceous along
+the costa; praebrachial vein forming a slight angle at its junction with
+the discal transverse, the latter parted by not more than one-fourth of
+its length from the border, and by more than its length from the
+praebrachial transverse. Length of the body 3-1/2--4-1/2 lines; of the
+wings 7-9 lines.
+
+122. LAMPROGASTER MARGINIFERA, n. s. _Foem._ Testacea; capite maculis
+duabus fasciaque nigro-aeneis; thoracis disco nigro-aeneo, vittis tribus
+testaceis, vittis duabus lateralibus albidis, scutelli margine testaceo;
+abdominis dorso nigro-aeneo; alis limpidis, fasciis plurimis fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Testaceous. Head with two blackish aeneous spots on the vertex,
+and with a blackish aeneous band in front; mouth and antennae tawny; disk
+of the thorax blackish aeneous, with three testaceous stripes which are
+united in front, the middle one slender, the lateral pair united on the
+border of the scutellum, a whitish stripe on each side; abdomen blackish
+aeneous above; wings limpid, with eight or nine irregular brown bands;
+veins black, testaceous along the costa; discal transverse vein parted
+by much less than its length from the border, and by about its length
+from the praebrachial transverse. Length of the body 4 lines; of the
+wings 9 lines.
+
+123. LAMPROGASTER DELECTANS, n. s. _Foem._ Ferruginea; capite testaceo,
+postice albido, vertice luteo fasciis duabus nigris, vittis quatuor
+anticis antennisque nigris; thorace vittis septem et metathoracis fascia
+albidis; abdomine cyaneo-viridi, basi discoque fulvis; pedibus
+nigricantibus, femoribus testaceis apice nigris; alis sublimpidis,
+costa, striga obliqua subcostali guttaque marginali nigricantibus.
+
+_Female._ Ferruginous. Head testaceous, whitish behind; vertex luteous,
+blackish in front and behind; fore part with four blackish stripes;
+antennae blackish; thorax with seven whitish stripes, the middle one
+broad, the inner pair very slender, the second pair broad, the third
+pair lateral; abdomen bluish green, slightly varied with purple, base
+and fore part of the disk tawny; legs blackish; femora testaceous, with
+black tips; wings nearly limpid, with a slight lurid tinge in the discal
+areolet, blackish along the costa, and with a blackish oblique streak
+which extends from the costa along the praebrachial transverse vein; a
+blackish dot on the hind end of the discal transverse vein; veins black,
+discal transverse vein parted by about one-fourth of its length from the
+border, and by a little more than its length from the praebrachial
+transverse which is very oblique; alulae white; halteres testaceous, with
+black knobs. Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 9 lines.
+
+124. LAMPROGASTER SCUTELLARIS, n. s. _Mas._ Subcinereo-nigra; oculis
+albido submarginatis; thorace vittis tribus cinereis, vittis duabus
+lateralibus, scutelli subquadrati margine, tibiis intermediis tarsisque
+albidis; alis nigricantibus, fasciis duabus integris duabusque
+macularibus incompletis albidis.
+
+_Male._ Black, with a slight cinereous tinge; eyes partly bordered with
+whitish; third joint of the antennae elongate-conical; arista plumose,
+the bristles few; thorax with three indistinct cinereous stripes, and
+with two whitish lateral stripes; scutellum nearly quadrate, with a
+whitish border; middle tibiae, knees and tarsi whitish, the latter with
+black tips; wings blackish, whitish at the base, and with four whitish
+bands, first and third bands entire, second and fourth macular, very
+irregular and incomplete; veins black; discal transverse vein straight,
+parted by about one-fourth of its length from the border, and by hardly
+more than its length from the praebrachial transverse. Length of the body
+2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.
+
+This species has some resemblance to the genus _Platystoma_, and differs
+rather from the characters of _Lamprogaster_; it and the two following
+species, which are still more aberrant, will probably be considered as
+three new genera.
+
+125. LAMPROGASTER CELYPHOIDES, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Atra, nitens,
+brevis, lata; capite, antennis pedibusque testaceis; abdomine
+nigro-cyaneo; alis limpidis, strigis transversis subcostalibus
+fuscescentibus.
+
+_Male and Female._ Deep black, shining, short, broad. Head testaceous,
+face transverse; antennae testaceous, third joint elongate-conical;
+arista bare; abdomen blackish blue, second segment very large, third and
+following not visible; legs testaceous; wings limpid, with four
+transverse pale brown subcostal streaks; discal transverse vein parted
+by less than half its length from the border, and by less than its
+length from the flexure of the praebrachial; halteres testaceous. Length
+of the body 2--2-1/2 lines; of the wings 4-1/2 lines.
+
+126. LAMPROGASTER TETYROIDES, n. s. _Mas._ Atra, nitens, brevissima,
+latissima; capite transverso, subruguloso; thorace scitissime punctato;
+abdomine cyaneo; tarsis flavis; alis nigris albido punctatis apud
+marginem posticum obscure cinereis.
+
+_Male._ Deep black, shining, very short and broad. Head transverse,
+slightly rugulose; third joint of the antennae conical; arista thinly
+plumose; thorax very finely punctured; scutellum almost semicircular;
+abdomen blue, smooth; tarsi yellow; wings black, dark grey towards the
+hind border, with whitish points towards the costa; discal transverse
+vein parted by about its length from the border and by more than its
+length from the praebrachial transverse. Length of the body 2-1/2 lines;
+of the wings 5 lines.
+
+Gen. PLATYSTOMA, _Latr._
+
+127. PLATYSTOMA FUSIFACIES, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Cinerea; capite postice
+et apud oculos albo; vertice pallide luteo (mas) aut rufo (foem.); facie
+plana, fusiformi, subargentea; antennis piceis; thoracis vittis tribus
+pectoreque canis; abdomine conico punctis albis; alis limpidis, guttis
+transversis interioribus fasciisque exterioribus nigricantibus.
+
+_Male and Female._ Cinereous. Head white hindward and about the eyes,
+black and shining towards the mouth; vertex pale luteous in the male,
+red in the female; face flat, fusiform, somewhat silvery; antennae
+piceous, third joint long, slender, linear, arista plumose; thorax with
+three hoary stripes, the middle one much broader than the lateral pair;
+pectus hoary; abdomen conical, with numerous white points; wings limpid,
+with blackish dots towards the base, and with four exterior blackish
+bands, two of which are dilated towards the costa, and there contain
+some limpid dots; veins black, discal transverse vein straight, parted
+by about one-fourth of its length from the border, and by more than its
+length from the praebrachial transverse; halteres whitish. Length of the
+body 3-1/2-5 lines; of the wings 8-10 lines.
+
+128. PLATYSTOMA MULTIVITTA, n. s. _Mas._ Cinerea; capite postice et apud
+oculos albo, vertice luteo, facie et antennis fulvis; thoracis vittis
+octo pectoreque canis; abdominis segmentis cano fasciatis; ventre
+ferrugineo; pedibus nigris; alis limpidis, fasciis quatuor strigisque
+interioribus nigricantibus.
+
+_Male._ Cinereous. Head white behind and about the eyes, vertex luteous;
+face and antennae tawny, third joint of the latter long, slender, linear;
+arista very slightly plumose; thorax with eight hoary stripes; pectus
+hoary; abdomen with a hoary band on the fore border of each segment;
+legs black; wings limpid, with four blackish bands, and with some
+blackish marks nearer the base; two blackish streaks between the first
+and second bands; veins black; discal transverse vein straight, parted
+by one-fourth of its length from the border, and by very much more than
+its length from the praebrachial transverse; halteres black. Length of
+the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+Gen. DACUS, _Fabr_.
+
+129. DACUS EXPANDENS, n. s. _Foem._ Fulvus, latiusculus; antennarum
+articulo tertio piceo angusto lineari longissimo; abdomine vitta tenui
+nigricante; alis limpidis, costa vittaque postica fuscescentibus.
+
+_Female._ Tawny, rather broad, very slightly covered with hoary
+tomentum, which forms stripes on the thorax and indistinct bands on the
+abdomen; third joint of the antennae piceous, slender, linear, very long;
+arista bare; abdomen with a slender blackish stripe; wings limpid,
+brownish along the costa, and with a short oblique brownish stripe
+extending from the base to the interior border; veins black, discal
+transverse vein oblique, parted by full one-fourth of its length from
+the border, and by more than its length from the praebrachial transverse;
+halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+130. DACUS PECTORALIS, n. s. _Foem._ Cinereo-niger; capite fulvo, facie
+guttis duabus nigris; antennarum articulo tertio piceo angusto lineari
+longissimo; callis duabus humeralibus, fasciis duabus obliquis
+pectoralibus lateralibus, scutello tarsisque testaceis; thoracis vittis
+tribus abdominisque una canis; pedibus fulvis piceo cinctis; alis
+limpidis, costa vittaque postica fuscescentibus.
+
+_Female._ Black, slightly covered with cinereous tomentum. Head tawny,
+with two small black dots on the face; third joint of the antennae
+piceous, slender, linear, very long, arista bare; thorax with three
+indistinct hoary stripes; humeral calli, an oblique band on each side of
+the pectus, scutellum and tarsi, testaceous; abdomen with one hoary
+stripe; legs tawny, with diffuse piceous bands; wings limpid, brownish
+along the costa, and with a short oblique brownish stripe, extending
+from the base to the interior border; veins black; discal transverse
+vein parted by less than one-fourth of its length from the border, and
+by a little more than its length from the praebrachial transverse;
+halteres testaceous. Length of the body 3-3/4 lines; of the wings 7-1/2
+lines.
+
+131. DACUS LATIFASCIA, n. s. _Foem._ Niger; capite postice et apud
+oculos albido; antennarum articulo tertio vix longo; thoracis fascia,
+metathorace pectorisque fasciis duabus obliquis canis; abdomine cyaneo;
+femoribus albidis apice nigris; alis albo-limpidis, costa atra, fasciis
+duabus latissimis nigris; halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Black. Head whitish behind and about the eyes; third joint of
+the antennae linear, round at the tip, hardly long, arista plumose;
+thorax with a band on the hind border of the scutum; metathorax and an
+oblique band on each side of the pectus hoary; abdomen blue; coxae and
+femora whitish, the latter with black tips; wings limpid white, deep
+black along the costa, and with two very broad black bands; veins black;
+discal transverse vein very oblique, parted by about one-sixth of its
+length from the border, and by little more than half its length from the
+praebrachial transverse; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4 lines;
+of the wings 8 lines.
+
+132. DACUS MUTILLOIDES, n. s. _Foem._ Rufescens; capite nigro, postice
+et apud oculos albo; antennarum articulo tertio angusto lineari
+longissimo; thoracis vittis tribus, pectoris fasciis duabus obliquis
+lateralibus abdominisque fasciis duabus (secunda interrupta) albis,
+abdominis dimidio postico nigro-aeneo; pedibus piceis; alis sublimpidis,
+costae apice venisque transversis nigro nebulosis; halteribus albidis.
+
+_Female_. Reddish. Head black, white behind and about the eyes and on
+the grooves of the face; antennae black, reddish at the base, third joint
+slender, linear, very long, arista bare, rather stout; thorax with three
+whitish stripes; pectus with a more distinct oblique white band on each
+side; metathorax whitish; abdomen aeneous, pubescent, finely punctured,
+reddish and slightly contracted towards the base, with two white bands,
+the second widely interrupted; oviduct long, lanceolate; legs piceous;
+wings nearly limpid, clouded with black at the tip of the costa and on
+the praebrachial transverse vein, hardly clouded on the discal transverse
+vein; veins black; discal transverse vein straight, parted by about
+one-fourth of its length from the border, and by much more than its
+length from the praebrachial transverse; halteres whitish. Length of the
+body 5 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+133. DACUS LONGIVITTA, n. s. _Mas._ AEneo-viridis, subpubescens,
+subtilissime punctatus; capite nigro apud oculos albido, epistomate
+ferrugineo, antennarum articulo tertio longo lineari; thorace
+subvittato; pedibus nigris, femoribus ferrugineis; alis subcinereis,
+costa vittaque apud venam praebrachialem nigris; halteribus piceis.
+
+_Male._ AEneous green, with slight hoary tomentum, very finely punctured.
+Head black, whitish about the eyes; epistoma ferruginous, prominent;
+antennae black, ferruginous at the base, third joint long, linear,
+conical at the tip; arista bare; thorax with an indistinct broad hoary
+stripe; abdomen compressed, nearly linear; legs black; femora
+ferruginous; wings slightly greyish, black along the costa and with a
+black stripe which extends along the praebrachial vein to the discal
+transverse vein; veins black; discal transverse vein straight, oblique,
+parted by a little more than half its length from the border, and by
+very much more than its length from the praebrachial transverse; halteres
+piceous. Length of the body 4-6 lines; of the wings 5-7 lines.
+
+134. DACUS LATIVENTRIS, n. s. _Foem._ Nigro-viridis, subtilissime
+punctatus; capite piceo apud oculos albido; antennis fulvis, articulo
+tertio sublanceolato; abdomine brevi, lato; pedibus nigris, femoribus
+anticis fulvis; alis subcinereis, costa vittaque apud venam
+praebrachialem nigris, vena discali transversa nigricante nebulosa;
+halteribus albidis.
+
+_Female._ Blackish green, very minutely punctured. Head piceous, whitish
+about the eyes; epistoma ferruginous, slightly prominent; antennae tawny,
+third joint rather long, somewhat lanceolate, arista bare; abdomen
+nearly round, broader than the thorax; legs black, fore femora tawny;
+wings very slightly greyish, black along the costa to the tip of the
+praebrachial vein, with a black stripe along the praebrachial vein to the
+discal transverse vein, and with a blackish tinge about the discal
+transverse vein and along the adjoining part of the hind border; veins
+black, discal transverse straight, vein parted by less than half its
+length from the border, and by very much more than its length from the
+praebrachial transverse; halteres whitish. Length of the body 2 lines; of
+the wings 4 lines.
+
+135. DACUS OBTRUDENS, n. s. _Mas._ Nigro-viridis, subtilissime
+punctatus; capite nigro apud oculos albido; antennis piceis basi
+rufescentibus, articulo tertio lineari longissimo; abdomine lineari
+maculis duabus lateralibus testaceis; pedibus nigris, femoribus apice
+tarsisque posticis basi fulvis; alis subcinereis, costa, apice maculaque
+apud venam transversam discalem nigricantibus; halteribus albis.
+
+_Male._ Dark green, very minutely punctured. Head black, whitish about
+the eyes, ferruginous towards the epistoma; antennae piceous, reddish
+towards the base; third joint linear, very long, arista bare; abdomen
+linear, compressed, with a testaceous spot on each side before the
+middle; legs black, femora tawny towards the tips, hind tarsi tawny at
+the base; wings slightly greyish, blackish along the costa and at the
+tips, and about the transverse veins; veins black, tawny at the base;
+discal transverse vein straight, oblique, parted by about half its
+length from the border, and by a little more than its length from the
+praebrachial transverse; halteres white. Length of the body 4 lines; of
+the wings 7 lines.
+
+136. DACUS POMPILOIDES, n. s. _Mas._ Niger; capite albido, epistomate
+ferrugineo; antennis piceis basi rufis, articulo tertio longo lineari;
+abdomine nigro-cyaneo; pedibus piceis; alis subcinereis, striga costali
+basali, fascia tenui postice abbreviata et triente apicali strigam
+subcineream includente nigricantibus; halteribus albis.
+
+_Male._ Black. Head with whitish tomentum, epistoma ferruginous,
+prominent; antennae piceous, red at the base, third joint long, linear,
+arista bare; abdomen linear, blackish blue, longer than the thorax; legs
+piceous; wings slightly greyish, with a blackish costal streak extending
+from the base, with a slender blackish band which is abbreviated
+hindward, and with more than one-third of the apical part blackish and
+including a slightly greyish streak; veins black, discal transverse vein
+straight, oblique, parted by a little less than its length from the
+border and by about its length from the praebrachial transverse;
+halteres white. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings 6 lines.
+
+
+Gen. BREA, n. g.
+
+Platystomae affinis. _Facies_ lata. _Antennae_ breves; articulus tertius
+longiconicus; arista nuda. _Femora_ intermedia incrassata, denticulata.
+
+Allied to _Platystoma_. Face broad; antennae short, third joint
+elongate-conical; arista bare; middle femora incrassated, denticulated
+beneath.
+
+137. BREA DISCALIS, n. s. _Mas_. Nigra; capite testaceo apud oculos
+albido, fronte ochracea; antennis piceis basi rufescentibus; thorace
+vitta lata cana; abdomine fulvo, disco nigro cupreo; pedibus fulvis,
+femoribus anticis apice tibiisque anticis basi nigris; alis sublimpidis,
+fascia media lata postice abbreviata guttam limpidam subcostalem
+includente lineaque transversa exteriore nigricantibus; halteribus
+testaceis.
+
+_Male_. Black. Head testaceous, whitish about the eyes, front
+ochraceous; antennae piceous, reddish at the base; thorax with a broad
+hoary stripe; abdomen tawny, with a blackish cupreous disk; legs tawny,
+fore femora at the tips and fore tibiae at the base black; wings nearly
+limpid, with a broad middle blackish band, which is abbreviated hindward
+and includes a limpid dot by the costa, and has beyond it a blackish
+transverse line; veins black, testaceous towards the base; discal
+transverse vein straight, upright, parted by half its length from the
+border, and by much more than its length from the praebrachial
+transverse; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4 lines; of the
+wings 7 lines.
+
+138. BREA CONTRARIA, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Nigra; capite fulvo apud
+oculos albido, fronte ochracea; antennis rufescentibus; thorace vitta
+cana; abdomine purpureo apice cyaneo; pedibus nigris, femoribus anticis
+tarsisque testaceis; alis sublimpidis, fascia lata media postice
+abbreviata, guttis interioribus lineaque transversa exteriore
+nigricantibus.
+
+_Male and Female._ Black. Head tawny, whitish about the eyes; antennae
+reddish; thorax with a hoary stripe; sides and pectus also hoary;
+abdomen purple, blue towards the tip; legs black; tarsi and fore femora
+testaceous; wings nearly limpid, with a broad blackish middle band which
+is abbreviated hindward, with some interior blackish dots, and with an
+exterior transverse blackish line; veins black; discal transverse vein
+straight, parted by less than half its length from the border, and by
+less than its length from the praebrachial transverse; halteres black.
+Length of the body 3--3-1/2 lines; of the wings 6-7 lines.
+
+
+Gen. ADRAMA, n. g.
+
+_Mas. Corpus_ longiusculum. _Caput_ thorace vix latius, setis duabus
+posticis erectis. _Antennae_ sat longae; articulus tertius linearis,
+apice conicus; arista pubescens. _Abdomen_ sublineare, thorace longius
+et angustius. _Pedes_ mediocres; femora posteriora spinis minutis
+armata. _Alae_ sat longae.
+
+_Male._ Body rather long. Head transverse, hardly broader than the
+thorax, with two erect setae on the hind part of the vertex; face
+vertical; epistoma slightly prominent. Antennae nearly reaching the
+epistoma; third joint long, linear, conical at the tip; arista
+pubescent. Abdomen almost linear, longer and narrower than the thorax.
+Legs moderately long and slender; posterior femora with minute spines
+beneath. Wings rather long; discal transverse vein straight, upright,
+parted by hardly half its length from the border, and by rather more
+than its length from the praebrachial transverse.
+
+139. ADRAMA SELECTA, n. s. _Mas._ Testacea; capite guttis tribus nigris;
+thorace disco antico vittisque duabus posterioribus nigris; tibiis
+tarsisque anticis piceis, tibiis posticis subpiceis; alis
+subfuscescentibus, fascia lata limpida nigricante marginata postice
+abbreviata.
+
+_Male._ Testaceous. Head with a black dot above the antennae and one on
+each side of the epistoma; thorax with the fore part of the disk black,
+and with two hindward black stripes; fore tibiae and fore tarsi piceous;
+hind tibiae somewhat piceous; wings slightly brownish, with two blackish
+bands, the first on the praebrachial transverse vein, abbreviated
+hindward, the second on the discal transverse vein, abbreviated in
+front, intermediate space limpid, veins testaceous, black towards the
+tips; halteres pale testaceous. Length of the body 4-1/2 lines; of the
+wings 8 lines.
+
+Gen. ORTALIS, _Fallen_.
+
+140. ORTALIS PROMPTA, n. s. _Foem._ Nigro-viridis; capite piceo apud
+oculos albido; antennis rufescentibus; thorace vitta abdomineque fasciis
+cinereis; pedibus nigris; alis limpidis, vittis tribus nigris, prima
+postice abbreviata, secunda tertiaque latis; halteribus albidis.
+
+_Female._ Blackish green. Head piceous, whitish about the eyes; epistoma
+somewhat prominent; antennae reddish, third joint somewhat lanceolate,
+piceous towards the tip; arista bare; thorax with a cinereous stripe;
+sides and pectus also cinereous; abdomen with two cinereous bands; legs
+black; wings limpid white, slightly cinereous towards the base, with
+three black bands, the first abbreviated hindward, the second and third
+very broad; veins black, discal transverse vein curved inward, parted by
+much less than its length from the border and by a little less than its
+length from the praebrachial transverse; halteres whitish. Length of the
+body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings 6 lines.
+
+141. ORTALIS COMPLENS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Nigro-viridis; capite
+antennisque testaceis, articulo tertio brevi, arista plumosa; abdomine
+atro; pedibus testaceis, femoribus nigris; alis albo limpidis, strigis
+duabus apiceque nigro-cinereis, fasciis tribus satis nigricantibus;
+halteribus albis. _Mas._ Vertice luteo postice nigro, femoribus apice
+testaceis, alarum fasciis subconnexis. _Foem._ Vertice nigro, tibiis
+nigris, posticis basi testaceis.
+
+_Male and Female._ Blackish green. Head testaceous; antennae testaceous,
+third joint short, conical; arista plumose; abdomen deep black; legs
+testaceous; femora black; wings limpid white, with three broad blackish
+stripes, the second emitting a branch from its outer side to the costa,
+a streak connected with the outer side of the third band, and the tips
+blackish cinereous; discal transverse vein straight, parted by much less
+than its length from the border, and by a little more than its length
+from the praebrachial transverse; halteres white. _Male._ Vertex luteous,
+black hindward; femora with testaceous tips; bands of the wings partly
+connected. _Female._ Vertex black; tibiae black, the hind pair testaceous
+towards the base. Length of the body 1-1/2--2 lines; of the wings 3-4
+lines.
+
+Gen. TRYPETA, _Meigen_.
+
+142. TRYPETA MULTISTRIGA, n. s. _Foem._ Testacea; thorace pectoreque
+nigro-strigatis; abdomine maculis quatuor lateralibus anterioribus
+fascia lata apiceque nigris; femoribus posterioribus nigro vittatis;
+alis nigricantibus basi marginali maculis guttisque albis.
+
+_Female._ Testaceous. Third joint of the antennae short, conical; arista
+plumose; thorax with black bristles on each side, with eight black
+streaks, four in front, of which the middle pair are very short, four
+hindward, the middle pair short, the outer pair connected in front of
+the scutellum, two lateral black streaks; pectus with a black
+interrupted streak on each side; disk also black; abdomen with two
+transverse black spots on each side towards the base, and with a broad
+black band; oviduct black, flat, lanceolate, obtuse at the tip;
+posterior femora striped with black; wings blackish, limpid for a space
+from the base along the costa and along the hind border, and with twelve
+white marks of various size, four discal, eight marginal; discal
+transverse vein nearly straight, parted by one-fourth of its length from
+the border, and by about its length from the praebrachial transverse.
+Length of the body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings 6 lines.
+
+143. TRYPETA DORSIGUTTA, n. s. _Mas._ Atra; capite piceo vitta testacea,
+subtus albo; antennis testaceis; thorace cinereo punctis lateralibus
+albis, pectore albido; abdominis segmentis testaceo marginatis; tibiis
+albido fasciatis, tarsis albidis; alis albo-limpidis, strigis basalibus
+fasciisque duabus latis nigricantibus, prima antice furcata; halteribus
+albis.
+
+_Male._ Deep black. Head piceous, with cinereous tomentum, white behind
+and beneath, a testaceous stripe on the vertex; antennae testaceous,
+black at the base, third joint conical, white at the base, arista
+plumose; thorax with cinereous tomentum, white points along each side;
+pectus whitish; hind borders of the abdominal segments testaceous with
+cinereous tomentum; tibiae with a dingy whitish band; tarsi dingy
+whitish; wings limpid white, with several blackish marks towards the
+base and with two broad blackish bands, the first forked in front;
+discal transverse vein nearly straight, parted by less than its length
+from the border, and by more than twice its length from the praebrachial
+transverse; halteres white. Length of the body 2-1/2 lines; of the wings
+4 lines.
+
+144. TRYPETA BASALIS, n. s. _Mas._ Nigra, nitens; capite antennisque
+fulvis, vertice maculis duabus piceis; abdomine basi pedibusque
+testaceis; alis limpidis, striga basali, fasciis tribus costaque apicali
+nigricantibus; halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Male._ Black, slender, shining. Head tawny, with two elongated piceous
+spots on the vertex; antennae tawny, third joint linear, rather long,
+arista bare; abdomen nearly fusiform, testaceous at the base; legs
+testaceous; wings limpid, with a blackish oblique streak extending from
+the base, with three blackish bands, and with a blackish costal streak
+extending round the tip, first and third bands slender, second broad,
+abbreviated like the first hindward; discal transverse vein straight,
+parted by about one-fourth of its length from the border, and by less
+than its length from the praebrachial transverse; halteres testaceous.
+Length of the body 1-1/2 line; of the wings 3 lines.
+
+145. TRYPETA IMPLETA, n. s. _Foem._ Cinerea; capite albido; antennarum
+articulo tertio albido apice nigro; thorace vitta fusca, scutello
+albido, abdomine nigro; pedibus albidis nigro fasciatis; alis albis,
+maculis plurimis nigricantibus ex parte confluentibus; halteribus
+albidis.
+
+_Female._ Cinereous. Head whitish; third joint of the antennae short,
+conical, whitish, blackish at the tip, arista plumose; thorax with a
+brown stripe; scutellum whitish; abdomen black; legs whitish, with black
+bands; wings white, with many blackish spots, some of them confluent;
+discal transverse vein straight, parted by much less than its length
+from the border, and by a little less than its length from the
+praebrachial transverse; halteres whitish. Length of the body 1-1/2 line;
+of the wings 3 lines.
+
+146. TRYPETA SUBOCELLIFERA, n. s. _Mas._ Cana; antennis albidis; thorace
+guttis fuscis, scutelli margine albido; abdomine fusco apicem versus
+cano maculis fuscis; pedibus albidis fusco fasciatis; alis limpidis,
+maculis nigricantibus pallido signatis ex parte confluentibus.
+
+_Male._ Hoary. Antennae whitish, third joint short, conical, arista
+plumose; thorax with some slight brown dots; scutellum brown, hind
+borders of the scutellum white; abdomen brown, hind borders of the
+segments and apical part cinereous, the latter with brown dots; legs
+whitish, with brown bands; wings limpid, with several blackish dots
+containing pale marks, some of them confluent and forming a middle band;
+discal transverse vein straight, enclosed in a pale streak, parted by
+much less than its length from the border and by much more than its
+length from the praebrachial transverse; halteres whitish. Length of the
+body 1-1/2 line; of the wings 3 lines.
+
+Subfam. ACHIIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. ACHIAS, _Fabr._
+
+147. ACHIAS LONGIVIDENS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Viridi-cinerea; capite
+testaceo fasciis duabus vittisque tribus anticis nigris; antennis
+nigris; thorace vittis quatuor purpureo-nigris, pectore ferrugineo;
+abdomine viridi-fulvo; pedibus piceis; alis limpidis, costa
+lurido-nigricante, vena transversa discali fusco nebulosa; halteribus
+testaceis apice nigris. _Mas._ Oculis longissime petiolatis, scutello
+viridi, femoribus basi fulvis. _Foem._ Oculis subpetiolatis, scutello
+nigro-purpureo.
+
+_Male and Female._ Greenish cinereous. Head with two black bands on the
+vertex and with four black stripes in front; antennae black, third joint
+linear, very long, arista plumose; thorax with four purplish black
+stripes, middle pair abbreviated hindward and having behind them a spot
+of the same hue, lateral pair interrupted; pectus ferruginous; abdomen
+tawny, with bright green reflections, testaceous beneath; legs piceous;
+wings limpid, blackish, and with a lurid tinge along the costa, whence a
+short oblique blackish streak proceeds by the praebrachial transverse
+vein; discal transverse vein clouded with brown, hardly curved, parted
+by less than one-third of its length from the border, and by much more
+than its length from the praebrachial transverse, which is very oblique;
+halteres testaceous, with black tips. _Male._ Head with the fore black
+band interrupted; eyes with very long petioles, the latter about
+three-fourths of the length of the body; scutellum green; femora tawny
+towards the base. _Female._ Eyes with short petioles, extending a little
+beyond the sides of the thorax; scutellum blackish purple. Length of the
+body 5-6 lines; of the wings 12-13 lines.
+
+148. ACHIAS LATIVIDENS, n. s. _Foem._ Viridi-cinerea; capite testaceo,
+vittis tribus anticis nigris, oculis subpetiolatis; antennis nigris;
+thorace vittisquatuor purpureo-nigris, scutello cyaneo basi viridi,
+pectore fulvo; abdomine viridi-fulvo; pedibus nigris, femoribus basi
+luteis, tibiis luteo fasciatis; alis subcinereis, vitta costali
+nigricante interrupta lurida strigata, vena transversa discali fusco
+nebulosa; halteribus testaceis apice nigris.
+
+_Female._ Greenish cinereous. Head testaceous, with three black stripes
+on the face; eyes very slightly petiolated; antennae black; thorax with
+four purplish black stripes; scutellum blue, green at the base; pectus
+tawny; abdomen tawny, with bright green reflections; legs black; femora
+luteous towards the base; tibiae with indistinct luteous bands; wings
+slightly greenish, with a blackish interrupted costal stripe containing
+luteous streaks; discal transverse vein clouded with brown; veins in
+structure like those of the preceding species; halteres testaceous, with
+black tips. Length of the body 6 lines; of the 13 lines.
+
+This species at first sight seems like a variety of the preceding one,
+but the petioles of the eyes are shorter and thicker, the costal stripes
+of the wings are interrupted, and the shade on the discal transverse
+vein is more diffuse.
+
+149. ACHIAS AMPLIVIDENS, n. s. _Foem._ Fulva, subtus testacea; oculis
+extantibus non petiolatis; thorace submetallico, vittis quinque
+cinereis; abdomine purpureo basi testaceo, tibiis tarsisque nigris; alis
+subcinereis, costa nigro-fusca, venis transversis nigro-fusco nebulosis.
+
+_Female._ Tawny, testaceous beneath. Head testaceous; eyes very
+prominent, but hardly petiolated; antennae tawny; thorax slightly
+metallic, with five cinereous stripes, which are abbreviated hindward,
+the inner pair slender; abdomen purple, testaceous at the base; legs
+black; coxae and femora testaceous, the latter with black tips; wings
+slightly greyish, costal stripe brown, blackish towards the tip;
+praebrachial transverse vein clouded with blackish, discal transverse
+vein clouded with a much paler hue than that of the praebrachial
+transverse vein, in structure like those of the two preceding species;
+halteres testaceous, with black tips. Length of the body 4-1/2 lines; of
+the wings 9 lines.
+
+Subfam.----?
+
+Gen. POLYARA, n. g.
+
+_Mas._ _Corpus_ longiusculum. _Caput_ transversum; facies lata, plana,
+non obliqua. _Palpi_ lati. _Antennae_ parvae; articulus tertius
+longiconicus; arista plumosa. _Thorax_ oblongo-subquadratus. _Abdomen_
+sublineare, thorace multo longinus et angustius. _Pedes_ breves, tenues.
+_Alae_ latiusculae; venae optime determinatae; venae duae transversae inter
+venas radialem et cubitalem; vena praebrachialis apicem versus valde
+flexa.
+
+_Male._ Body rather long. Head transverse, a little broader than the
+thorax; face broad, flat, vertical. Palpi broad. Antennae small; third
+joint elongate-conical, not extending more than half the length to the
+epistoma; arista plumose. Thorax oblong-subquadrate. Abdomen nearly
+linear, much longer and more slender than the thorax. Legs short, rather
+slender; fore femora somewhat setose beneath. Wings rather broad, flat
+in repose; veins very strongly marked; a transverse vein between the
+cubital and mediastinal veins; two transverse veins between the radial
+and cubital veins; cubital vein slightly angular between the praebrachial
+transverse vein and the tip of the wing; praebrachial vein much curved
+towards its tip.
+
+The structure of the wing veins in this genus is very peculiar, and it
+does not agree well with any of the established subfamilies of
+_Muscidae_.
+
+150. POLYARA INSOLITA, n. s. _Mas._ Testacea; faciei sulcis albidis;
+abdomine lutescente fulvo; alis subcinereis, nigricante-fusco
+submarginatis et subfasciatis.
+
+_Male._ Testaceous, paler beneath. Facial grooves for the antennae
+whitish; thorax with some almost obsolete stripes, the middle pair
+approximate, slender, somewhat more distinct than the others; abdomen
+somewhat lutescent-tawny; wings slightly greyish, irregularly
+blackish-brown along the costa, brown at the tips, and with a brown band
+which is indistinct in front but much darker on the discal transverse
+vein; praebrachial vein largely bordered with brown; veins black,
+testaceous towards the base, discal transverse vein straight, parted by
+about one-sixth of its length from the border, and by rather less than
+half its length from the praebrachial transverse; alulae very small.
+Length of the body 5-1/2 lines; of the wings 10 lines.
+
+Subfam. SEPSIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. ANGITULA, n. g.
+
+_Foem._ _Corpus_ convexum, glaberrimum, nitidissimum. _Caput_
+subrotundum; epistoma valde prominens. _Antennae_ epistoma non
+attingentes; articulus tertius longiusculus, linearis, apice conicus;
+arista subpubescens. _Thorax_ anticus valde productus et attenuatus;
+scutellum bispinosum; metathorax magnus, declivis. _Abdomen_
+longi-subfusiforme; segmentum primum gibbosum. _Pedes_ longi, graciles;
+coxae anticae longissimae. _Alae_ longae, angustae; alulae obsoletae.
+
+_Female._ Body convex, very smooth and shining. Head nearly round; front
+subquadrate; face short; epistoma very prominent. Mouth short. Antennae
+not reaching the epistoma; third joint linear, rather long, conical at
+the tip; arista somewhat pubescent. Thorax much produced and attenuated
+in front; scutellum armed with two spines; metathorax slanting, well
+developed. Abdomen elongate-subfusiform, longer and much more slender
+than the thorax; first segment gibbous above. Legs long, slender,
+without bristles; fore coxae very long. Wings long, narrow; discal
+transverse vein straight, upright, parted by less than half its length
+from the border, and by nearly twice its length from the praebrachial
+transverse.
+
+151. ANGITULA LONGICOLLIS, n. s. _Foem._ Nigro-aenea; capite subtus
+albido, frontis disco rufescente, fascia albida; antennis piceis basi
+rufis; pedibus nigris, femoribus basi coxisque anticis albidis; alis
+limpidis, costa nigra.
+
+_Female._ AEneous black. Head whitish beneath, front with a reddish disk,
+face whitish. Antennae piceous, first and second joints red; legs black,
+bare; femora towards the base and fore coxae whitish; wings limpid, with
+a black costal line extending to the tip of the praebrachial vein; veins
+and halteres black. Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+Gen. SEPSIS, _Fallen_.
+
+152. SEPSIS BASIFERA, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Nigra; thorace nigro-aeneo;
+tarsis, femoribus basi pedibusque anticis testaceis; alis limpidis,
+costa basi nigra. _Mas._ Metatarsis intermediis dilatatis, alis apice
+vix nigricantibus. _Foem._ Alis apice nigris.
+
+_Male and Female._ Black, shining. Thorax aeneous black; pectus
+cinereous; tarsi, femora at the base, and fore legs, pale testaceous;
+wings limpid; costa at the base and veins black. _Male._ Basal joint of
+the intermediate tarsi dilated; wings hardly blackish at the tips.
+_Female._ Wings black at the tips. Length of the body 2--2-1/2 lines; of
+the wings 3--3-1/2 lines.
+
+Gen. CALOBATA, _Fabr._
+
+153. Calobata albitarsis, _Wied. Auss. Zweifl._ 71. 544. 22. Inhabits
+also Java and Australia.
+
+154. Calobata indica, _Desv. Ess. Myod._ 737. 4. (Nerius). Inhabits also
+Hindostan.
+
+155. Calobata Abana, _Walk. Cat. Dipt._ pt. 4. 1054.
+
+156. CALOBATA SEPSOIDES, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra; antennis ferrugineis,
+articulo tertio conico brevi, arista nuda; pedibus testaceis nigricante
+subnotatis, femoribus anticis nigris basi testaceis, tibiis anticis
+nigris, tarsis anticis niveis, posticis albidis; alis subcinereis,
+fasciis duabus indistinctis fuscescentibus.
+
+_Female._ Black, shining. Antennae ferruginous, third joint short,
+conical, arista bare; pectus slightly covered with cinereous tomentum;
+legs testaceous, with a few very indistinct blackish marks; fore femora
+black, testaceous towards the base; fore tibiae black; fore tarsi
+snow-white, black at the base; hind tarsi whitish; wings greyish, with
+two almost obsolete brownish bands; discal transverse vein parted by
+less than its length from the border and by about four times its length
+from the praebrachial transverse. Length of the body 5 lines; of the
+wings 7 lines.
+
+Gen. CARDIACEPHALA, _Macq._
+
+157. CARDIACEPHALA DEBILIS, n. s. _Foem._ Testacea, gracilis; thorace
+linea transversa interrupta nigra; pedibus anticis parvis, posterioribus
+longis, tarsis albis brevissimis, tibiis anterioribus piceis; alis
+limpidis apice cinereis, fascia lata pallide lutea.
+
+_Female._ Testaceous, slender. Vertex somewhat luteous; third joint of
+the antennae conical, very short, arista bare; thorax attenuated in
+front, with a transverse interrupted black line hindward; abdomen longer
+than the thorax, lanceolate hindward; fore legs short, posterior legs
+long; tarsi white, very short; anterior tibiae piceous; middle femora
+rather thicker than the hind pair; wings limpid, grey towards the tips,
+with a pale luteous middle band; veins testaceous, cubital and
+praebrachial converging towards the tips of the wings, discal transverse
+vein straight, parted by less than its length from the border and by
+about thrice its length from the praebrachial transverse. Length of the
+body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+Subfam. PSILIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. LISSA, _Meigen_.
+
+158. LISSA CYLINDRICA, n. s. _Mas._ Cyanea, gracilis, cylindrica;
+antennis piceis basi albidis, arista plumosa; abdomine piceo basi
+apiceque cyaneis; pedibus albidis, femoribus posterioribus nigris apice
+albidis, femoribus posticis subtus spinosis, tibiis posticis nigris;
+alis subcinereis apice subfuscis; halteribus albidis apice nigris.
+
+_Male._ Blue, slender, cylindrical. Head broader than the thorax;
+antennae whitish, third joint piceous, arista plumose; abdomen piceous,
+slightly increasing in breadth to the tip, blue at the base and at the
+tip, hind borders of the first and second segments whitish; legs
+whitish, posterior femora black, whitish at the base and towards the
+tips, hind femora spinose beneath, hind tibiae black; wings slightly
+greyish, brownish towards the tips; veins black, praebrachial and
+perbrachial very near together for more than half their length, discal
+transverse vein straight, parted by more than its length, and by about
+four times its length from the praebrachial transverse; halteres whitish,
+with black tips. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings 5 lines.
+
+Gen. NERIUS, _Fabr._
+
+159. Nerius duplicatus, _Wied. Auss. Zweifl._ 11. 553. 8. Inhabits also
+Java.
+
+Subfam. OSCINIDES, _Haliday_.
+
+Gen. OSCINIS, _Fabr._
+
+160. OSCINIS LINEIPLENA, n. s. _Mas._ Fusca; capite subtus testaceo apud
+oculos albo, vitta frontali alba; thorace pectoreque lineis sex albidis;
+abdomine sordide testaceo, pedibus albidis, tibiis tarsisque apice
+femoribusque anticis nigris; alis subcinereis, halteribus albidis.
+
+_Male._ Brown. Head testaceous in front and beneath, white about the
+eyes, with a white stripe on the front; thorax and pectus with six
+whitish stripes on each, thorax with an indistinct middle testaceous
+stripe; abdomen dull testaceous; legs whitish; tibiae and tarsi at the
+tips and fore femora black; wings greyish; veins black, discal
+transverse vein oblique, parted by more than its length from the border,
+and by full twice its length from the praebrachial transverse; halteres
+whitish. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 3 lines.
+
+161. OSCINIS NOCTILUX, n. s. _Mas._ Atra; capite pallide flavo subtus
+albo; antennis luteis, arista nuda; scutello, maculis duabus
+pectoralibus abdominisque apice albis; tibiis tarsisque intermediis
+testaceis; alis nigricantibus postice cinereis, halteribus niveis.
+
+_Male._ Black. Head pale yellow, black hindward, white beneath; antennae
+pale luteous, third joint very short, arista bare; scutellum white;
+pectus with a white spot on each side; abdomen white at the tip; middle
+legs with testaceous tibiae and tarsi; hind wings blackish, cinereous
+hindward; halteres snow-white. Length of the body 3/4 line; of the wings
+1-1/2 line.
+
+Subfam. GEOMYZIDES, _Fallen_.
+
+Gen. DROSOPHILA, _Fallen_.
+
+162. DROSOPHILA? FINIGUTTA, n. s. _Mas._ Fulva; capite antice testaceo,
+antennis testaceis, articulo tertio conico; abdomine maculis quatuor
+apicalibus nigris, tarsis nigris; alis cinereis venis nigris.
+
+_Male._ Tawny. Head testaceous in front; antennae testaceous, third joint
+conical; abdomen with two black spots on each side at the tip; legs
+testaceous; tarsi black; wings grey; veins black, discal transverse vein
+straight, parted by full half its length from the border and by full
+twice its length from the praebrachial transverse; halteres testaceous.
+Length of the body 1-1/2 line; of the wings 3 lines.
+
+163. DROSOPHILA? MELANOSPILA. _Foem._ Testacea; antennarum articulo
+tertio conico, arista plumosa; thoracis disco abdominisque guttis duabus
+apicalibus atris; tarsis piceis; alis subcinereis.
+
+_Female._ Testaceous. Vertex luteous; third joint of the antennae
+conical; arista plumose; disk of the thorax and a dot on each side of
+the tip of the abdomen deep black; tarsi piceous; wings slightly
+greyish; veins black, discal transverse vein straight, parted by about
+half its length from the border and by twice its length from the
+praebrachial transverse. Length of the body 1 line; of the wings 2 lines.
+
+164. DROSOPHILA? IMPARATA. _Foem._ Pallide testacea; pedibus
+pallidioribus; alis subcinereis, venis pallidis.
+
+_Female._ Pale testaceous, with a few bristles. Legs paler than the
+body; wings slightly greyish; veins pale, discal transverse vein
+straight, parted by about twice its length from the border and by more
+than twice its length from the praebrachial transverse. Length of the
+body 3/4 line; of the wings 1-1/2 line.
+
+Subfam. HYDROMYZIDES, _Haliday_.
+
+Gen. EPHYDRA, _Fallen_.
+
+165. EPHYDRA? TACITURNA, n. s. _Foem._ Atra, nitens, antennis nigris,
+arista plumosa, abdomine nigro-cupreo, pedibus nigro-piceis, alis
+nigricantibus, venis nigris.
+
+_Female._ Deep black, shining. Antennae black, third joint linear, rather
+long, arista plumose; legs blackish-piceous; wings blackish; veins
+black, discal transverse vein straight, parted by a little more than its
+length from the border. Length of the body 1-1/2 line; of the wings
+2-1/2 lines.
+
+
+Fam. PHORIDAE, _Haliday_.
+
+Gen. PALLURA, n. g.
+
+_Mas._ _Corpus_ latiusculum, pubescens. _Os_ retractum. _Oculi_
+pubescentes. _Antennae_ brevissimae; arista longissima. _Scutellum_
+magnum, conicum. _Abdomen_ subellipticum, thorace non longius. _Pedes_
+latiusculi, pubescentes, non setosi. _Alae_ amplae, venis aequalibus.
+
+_Male._ Body rather broad, pubescent. Proboscis small, withdrawn; eyes
+pubescent; antennae very short, arista very long; scutellum large,
+conical, very prominent, extending beyond the base of the abdomen;
+abdomen nearly elliptical, not longer than the thorax; legs rather
+broad, pubescent, without bristles; wings rather long and broad; veins
+of equal size, costal vein ending at rather before half the length of
+the wing, radial ending at somewhat in front of the tip of the wing,
+cubital ending at hardly in front of the tip, praebrachial ending at a
+little behind the tip, pobrachial ending on the hind border at half the
+length of the wing, discal transverse vein straight, parted by more than
+twice its length from the border and from the praebrachial transverse.
+
+166. PALLURA INVARIA. _Mas._ Lutea, immaculata, alis cinereis basi
+luteis, apice nigricantibus, venis nigris robustis.
+
+_Male._ Luteous, of one colour. Wings grey, luteous at the base,
+blackish towards the tips; veins black, robust. Length of the body 3
+lines; of the wings 6 lines.
+
+
+Fam. HIPPOBOSCIDAE, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. ORNITHOMYIA, _Leach_.
+
+167. Ornithomyia parva?, _Macq. Hist. Nat. Dipt._ 11. 2. 279. 3.
+
+
+KEY ISLAND.
+
+
+Fam. ASILIDAE, _Leach_.
+
+Subfam. LAPHRITES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. LAPHRIA, _Fabr._
+
+1. LAPHRIA PARADISIACA, n. s. _Mas._ Cuprea, aureo pilosa, capite
+pectoreque argenteis albo pilosis, mystace subaurato setis nonnullis
+nigris, abdomine apice purpureo subtus albido piloso, pedibus
+cyaneo-purpureis albido pilosis, femoribus cyaneo-viridibus, alis
+nigricantibus basi cinereis, halteribus albidis nigro notatis.
+
+_Male._ Cupreous, with gilded hairs. Head and pectus silvery, with white
+hairs; mystax slightly gilded, with a few long black bristles; antennae
+and mouth black; abdomen purple at the tip, underside clothed with long
+whitish hairs, silvery white at the base, the following segments
+bordered with silvery white; legs blue and purple, thickly clothed with
+long whitish hairs, femora bluish-green, fore tibiae with pale gilded
+down beneath, hind tibiae with a black bristly apical tuft beneath; wings
+blackish, grey towards the base; halteres whitish, marked with black.
+Length of the body 11 lines; of the wings 20 lines.
+
+2. LAPHRIA PLACENS, n. s. _Mas._ Cyanea, capite aurato, mystace setis
+paucis longis nigris; antennis nigris, articulo tertio fusiformi;
+pectore albido, abdomine angusto, femoribus intus tibiisque purpureis;
+alis nigricantibus basi cinereis, halteribus piceis.
+
+_Male._ Blue. Head gilded in front, whitish behind; mystax with a few
+long black bristles; proboscis and antennae black, third joint of the
+latter fusiform; pectus whitish; abdomen cylindrical, much narrower than
+the thorax, and about twice its length; femora on the inner side and
+tibiae purple, tarsi black; wings blackish, cinereous towards the base;
+halteres piceous. Length of the body 4-1/2 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+Subfam. ASILITES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. ASILUS, _Linn._
+
+3. ASILUS SUPERVENIENS, n. s. _Mas._ Cinereous, capite subaurato,
+mystace aurato setis paucis nigris, thorace vittis tribus latissimis
+nigris, abdomine fulvescenti-cinereo, pedibus rufescentibus, femoribus
+nigro vittatis, tarsis nigris, alis cinereis apice nigricantibus,
+halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Male._ Cinereous. Head slightly gilded, pale cinereous, and clothed
+with pale hairs behind; mystax composed of gilded bristles, above which
+there are a few shorter black bristles; antennae black, third joint
+elongate-fusiform, arista much longer than the third joint; thorax with
+three very broad hardly divided black stripes; abdomen with a slight
+fawn-coloured tinge, tip black, sexualia very small; legs reddish,
+femora striped above with black, tarsi black, reddish at the base; wings
+cinereous, blackish towards the tips; halteres testaceous. Length of the
+body 8 lines; of the wings 14 lines.
+
+Gen. OMMATIUS, _Illiger_.
+
+4. Ommatius noctifer, _Walk._ See page 88.
+
+
+Fam. EMPIDAE, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. HYBOS, _Fabr._
+
+5. HYBOS DEFICIENS, n. s. _Mas._ Niger, thorace fulvo globoso macula
+dorsali nigra, abdomine basi fulvo, pedibus anterioribus testaceis,
+femoribus posticis subtus spinosis, alis cinereis apice obscurioribus,
+stigmate venisque nigris, halteribus testaceis, apice piceis.
+
+_Male._ Black. Thorax and pectus tawny, the former globose, with a black
+dorsal spot; abdomen tawny at the base; anterior legs testaceous, hind
+femora spinose beneath; wings grey, darker at the tips; stigma and veins
+black; halteres testaceous, with piceous tips. Length of the body 2
+lines; of the wings 4 lines.
+
+
+Fam. SYRPHIDAE, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. ERISTALIS, _Latr._
+
+6. Eristalis resolutus, _Walk._ See p. 95.
+
+Gen. BACCHA, _Fabr._
+
+7. BACCHA PURPURICOLA, n. s. _Foem._ Purpureo-fulva; capite chalybeo;
+antennis rufis; pedibus fulvis; tibiis posticis apice tarsisque posticis
+basi piceis; alis nigricantibus, apud costam obscurioribus, spatio
+apicali subcostali cinereo; halteribus testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Tawny, tinged with purple. Head chalybeous; antennae red; legs
+tawny, hind tibiae piceous towards the tips, hind tarsi piceous towards
+the base; wings blackish, darker along the costa, cinereous towards the
+tips with the exception of the costa; halteres testaceous. Length of the
+body 5-1/2 lines; of the wings 9 lines.
+
+
+Fam. MUSCIDAE, _Latr._
+
+Subfam. SARCOPHAGIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. SARCOPHAGA, _Meigen_.
+
+8. SARCOPHAGA BASALIS, n. s. _Mas._ Nigra, subaureo tomentosa; capite
+aurato; thorace vittis tribus nigris; abdomine albido tessellato; alis
+cinereis; venis lurido marginatis; alulis testaceis.
+
+_Male._ Black, with slightly gilded tomentum. Head gilded; frontalia
+deep black, hardly widening in front; thorax with three black stripes,
+an indistinct blackish line on each side of the middle stripe; abdomen
+tessellated with white; wings grey; veins bordered with a lurid hue,
+especially towards the costa; praebrachial vein forming a slightly acute
+angle at its flexure, near which it is much curved inward, and is thence
+straight to its tip; discal transverse vein slightly curved inward near
+its hind end, parted by a little more than half its length from the
+border and from the praebrachial transverse; alulae testaceous. Length of
+the body 5-1/2 lines; of the wings 9 lines.
+
+Subfam. MUSCIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. IDIA, _Meigen_.
+
+9. Idia xanthogaster, _Wied. Auss. Zweifl._ 11. 349. 2. Inhabits also
+Hindostan and Java.
+
+10. Idia testacea, _Macq. Hist. Nat. Dipt._ 77. 246. 3. Inhabits also
+Mauritius.
+
+Gen. MUSCA, _Linn._
+
+11. Musca obtrusa, _Walk._ See p. 105.
+
+Subfam. ANTHOMYIDES, _Walk._
+
+Gen. ARICIA, _Macq._
+
+12. ARICIA VICARIA, n. s. _Foem._ Fulva, subtus testacea; capite nigro,
+apud oculos albo; antennis testaceis; alis cinereis, apud costam
+luridis.
+
+_Female._ Tawny, testaceous beneath. Head black, white about the eyes;
+antennae testaceous; abdomen clothed with short black bristles; legs
+testaceous, tarsi piceous; wings grey, with a lurid tinge towards the
+costa; veins black, discal transverse vein nearly straight, parted by
+about its length from the border, and by a little more than its length
+from the praebrachial transverse; alulae slightly testaceous; halteres
+testaceous. Length of the body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings 6 lines.
+
+13. ARICIA SQUALENS, n. s. _Foem._ Nigra, cinereo tomentosa; facie
+argentea; antennis testaceis; thorace vittis nigris vittisque duabus
+lateralibus latis testaceis; abdomine obscure testaceo; pedibus piceis;
+femoribus nigris; tibiis anticis testaceis; alis cinereis; apud costam
+subluridis; venis halteribusque testaceis.
+
+_Female._ Black, with cinereous tomentum. Face silvery white; antennae
+pale testaceous, third joint long, linear, extending to the epistoma;
+thorax with black stripes, and on each side with a broad testaceous
+stripe; abdomen dull testaceous; legs piceous; femora black, fore tibiae
+testaceous; wings grey, with a lurid tinge towards the costa; veins
+testaceous, discal transverse vein very slightly curved inward, parted
+by much less than its length from the border, and by a little more than
+its length from the praebrachial transverse; alulae whitish; halteres
+testaceous. Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines.
+
+Subfam. ORTALIDES, _Haliday_.
+
+Gen. LAMPROGASTER, _Macq._
+
+14. LAMPROGASTER VENTRALIS, n. s. _Foem._ Testaceo-cinerea; capite apud
+oculos albo, vertice luteo, facie pallide fulva; thorace lineis septem
+indistinctis nigricantibus; abdomine fusco maculis dorsalibus canis,
+subtus cavo lateribus ferrugineis; pedibus nigris, tibiis ferrugineo
+fasciatis; alis limpidis basi subtestaceis, fasciis incompletis
+guttisque fuscis apud costam nigricantibus.
+
+_Female._ Cinereous, with a testaceous tinge. Head white about the eyes,
+vertex luteous; face pale tawny, with white grooves for the antennae;
+antennae tawny, small; arista slightly plumose at the base; thorax with
+seven indistinct blackish lines; abdomen brown, with dorsal hoary nearly
+triangular spots, under side marsupial-like or with a pouch, ferruginous
+on each side; legs black, each tibia with a ferruginous band; wings
+limpid, slightly testaceous at the base, with brown dots and bands, the
+latter abbreviated hindward, blackish towards the costa; veins black,
+testaceous towards the base; discal transverse vein straight, parted by
+about one-third of its length from the border and by much more than its
+length from the praebrachial transverse; alulae cinereous; halteres
+testaceous. Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.
+
+Gen. TRYPETA, _Meigen_.
+
+15. TRYPETA RORIPENNIS, n. s. _Foem._ Fusca; capite nigro, facie alba;
+antennis nigris rufo-fasciatis; thorace vittis quatuor canis; abdominis
+segmentis testaceo marginatis; pedibus nigris, tarsis halteribusque
+testaceis; alis nigris, punctis plurimis albis.
+
+_Female._ Brown. Head black; face white; antennae black, third joint red,
+linear, rather long, black towards the tip; arista plumose; thorax with
+four hoary stripes; abdominal segments with testaceous hind borders;
+legs black, tarsi testaceous; wings black, with very numerous white
+points, a few of which are rather larger than the others; discal
+transverse vein straight, parted by less than its length from the
+border, and by more than twice its length from the praebrachial
+transverse; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 2 lines; of the
+wings 4 lines.
+
+
+
+
+Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects collected by Mr. A. R. WALLACE at the
+Islands of Aru and Key. By FREDERICK SMITH, Esq., Assistant in the
+Zoological Department, British Museum. Communicated by W. W. SAUNDERS,
+Esq., F.R.S., V.P.L.S.
+
+[Read December 3rd, 1858.]
+
+
+This Collection of Hymenoptera is the most important contribution which
+has been made to the Aculeata through the exertions of Mr. Wallace; in
+point of geographical distribution, it adds much to our knowledge. In
+the Aru, Key, and neighbouring islands, we meet with the extreme range
+of the Australian insect-fauna; and as might be expected, it is found
+amongst the Vespidious Group, and in one or two instances in the
+Formicidae. The latter, being frequently conveyed from one island to
+another, can perhaps scarcely be considered indicative of natural
+geographical distribution. Of the forty-six species of the Formicidous
+Group, only six were previously known to science. Of the genus
+_Podomyrma_ here established, one species only, from Adelaide, was
+previously known; it is one of the most distinct and remarkable genera
+in the family. The _Pompilidae_ are species of great beauty, some closely
+resembling those of Australia in the banding and maculation of their
+wings; amongst the _Vespidae_ will be found some of the most elegant and
+beautiful forms in the whole of that protean family of Hymenoptera.
+
+
+Fam. ANDRENIDAE.
+
+Gen. PROSOPIS.
+
+1. PROSOPIS MALACHISIS. _P._ nigro-caeruleo-viridis, nitida et delicatule
+punctata; alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4-1/2 lines. Deep blue-green, with tints of purple in
+certain lights, particularly on the head, the clypeus with a central
+longitudinal ridge, its anterior margin slightly emarginate; the
+flagellum rufo-piceous beneath, the ocelli white. Thorax: the wings
+hyaline and brilliantly iridescent; the legs dark rufo-piceous with a
+bright purple tinge. Abdomen delicately punctured, the head and thorax
+more strongly so; the latter with a semicircular enclosed space at its
+base, which is smooth and shining.
+
+_Hab._ Key Island.
+
+Gen. NOMIA.
+
+1. NOMIA CINCTA. _N._ nigra, capite thoraceque punctatis, pedibus
+ferrugineis; segmentis abdominis apice fulvo-testaceo late fasciatis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Black: the two basal joints of the flagellum,
+the apical margin of the clypeus, the labrum, mandibles, and legs
+ferruginous; the wings fulvo-hyaline, the nervures ferruginous, the
+tegulae more or less rufo-testaceous; the sides of the metathorax with
+tufts of pale fulvous pubescence and the floccus on the posterior femora
+of the same colour, the tibiae and tarsi with short ferruginous
+pubescence. Abdomen shining, the apical margins of the segments broadly
+fulvo-testaceous, very bright, having a golden lustre.
+
+_Hab._ Key Island.
+
+2. NOMIA LONGICORNIS. _N._ nigra, lucida et delicatule punctata, facie
+pube brevi grisea tecta, femorum posticorum flocco pallido, tibiis
+externe fusco-pubescentibus; maris antennis, capite thoraceque
+longioribus.
+
+_Male._ Length 4 lines. Brassy, with tints of green on the clypeus,
+metathorax, and thorax beneath; the head and thorax very closely and
+finely punctured; the clypeus produced and highly polished; the
+mandibles rufo-testaceous, the antennae as long as the head and thorax.
+Thorax: the wings hyaline and splendidly iridescent, the tegulae and the
+tarsi rufo-testaceous. Abdomen closely punctured, the apical margins of
+the segments smooth and shining; the head and thorax above with a pale
+fulvous pubescence, that on the sides of the metathorax and legs pale
+and glittering; the abdomen has a pale scattered glittering pubescence.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. NOMIA DENTATA. _N._ nigra et punctata, facie metathoracisque
+lateribus cinereo-pubescentibus, postscutello medio unidentato. _Mas._
+antennis filiformibus longitudine thoracis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Black; head and thorax rather finely
+punctured; the face covered with short cinereous pubescence; the clypeus
+naked and much produced, the anterior margin and the tips of the
+mandibles ferruginous; the cheek with long whitish pubescence. Thorax:
+the sides of the metathorax, the floccus on the posterior femora and the
+postscutellum with whitish pubescence, the latter produced in the middle
+into a blunt tooth; the legs fusco-ferruginous, with the anterior tibiae
+and apical joints of the tarsi brighter; wings hyaline and iridescent.
+Abdomen shining and punctured, the apical margins of the two basal
+segments broadly depressed, and more finely and closely punctured than
+the rest; the apical margins of the second, third, and fourth segments
+pale testaceous; the apical margins of the two basal segments narrowly
+fringed with white pubescence, usually more or less interrupted in the
+middle.
+
+_Male._ Resembles the female very closely, but has the face much more
+pubescent; the antennae filiform and longer than the head and thorax; the
+scutellum armed at its posterior lateral angles with an acute tooth; the
+metathorax truncate and slightly concave, its base with short
+longitudinal grooves, the lateral margins fringed with long pubescence.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Subfam. DASYGASTRAE.
+
+Gen. MEGACHILE, _Latr._
+
+1. MEGACHILE LATERITIA. _M._ nigra, abdomine pube ferruginea vestito,
+alis fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Length 8 lines. Black; head and thorax very closely and finely
+punctured; the mandibles with a single blunt tooth at their apex; the
+anterior margin of the clypeus transverse. Thorax: the wings brown, the
+posterior pair palest, their base subhyaline. Abdomen clothed with
+bright brick-red pubescence above and beneath; the basal segment with
+bright yellow pubescence above.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+2. MEGACHILE SCABROSA. _M._ nigra, metathorace antice rude scabrato,
+abdomine subtus nigro-pubescente.
+
+_Female._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Black; the clypeus, mesothorax anteriorly,
+and the posterior tibiae outside coarsely rugose, the roughness on the
+thorax consisting of transverse little elevated points; the face with a
+thin griseous pubescence; the anterior margin of the clypeus fringed
+with fulvous hairs; the cheeks have a long pale fulvous pubescence.
+Thorax: the wings hyaline, the nervures black. Abdomen smooth and
+shining, with black pubescence beneath; beneath, the apical margins of
+the segments with a fringe of very short white pubescence.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. MEGACHILE INSULARIS. _M._ nigra, nitida, delicatule punctata, facie
+pube pallide fulva vestita, abdomine subtus pube laete ferruginea
+vestito, alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Black; the head and thorax finely and
+closely punctured, the abdomen delicately so; the face clothed with pale
+fulvous pubescence, the mandibles with two blunt teeth at their apex;
+the clypeus shining and strongly punctured. Thorax: the wings subhyaline
+with a slight cloud at their apex; the basal joint of the posterior
+tarsi with a dense dark ferruginous pubescence within. Abdomen: the four
+basal segments with transverse impressed lines in the middle; beneath,
+clothed with bright ferruginous pubescence; the abdomen has an obscure
+aeneous tinge above.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. CROCISA, _Jurine_.
+
+1. Crocisa nitidula, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 386. 2.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Key Island; Australia; Amboyna.
+
+Gen. ALLODAPE, _St.-Farg._
+
+1. ALLODAPE NITIDA. _A._ nitida nigra, clypeo flavo, alis hyalinis,
+abdomine ad apicem punctato.
+
+_Female._ Length 3 lines. Black and shining; the clypeus yellow,
+produced in front; the sides of the face depressed; the ocelli
+prominent and reddish. Thorax very smooth and shining; the wings
+colourless and iridescent, their extreme base yellowish, the nervures
+and stigma brown, the tegulae pale testaceous-yellow; the posterior tibiae
+with a scopa of glittering white hairs, the tarsi ferruginous and with
+glittering hairs. Abdomen, from the third segment to the apex, gradually
+more and more strongly and closely punctured.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. XYLOCOPA, _Latr._
+
+1. Xylocopa aestuans, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ i. p. 961. 53 [Symbol: female];
+_St.-Farg. Hym._ ii. p. 193. 36 [Symbol: male] [Symbol: female].
+
+_Hab._ Aru; India; Singapore; Celebes.
+
+Gen. SAROPODA, _Latr._
+
+1. Saropoda bombiformis, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ p. 2. p. 318. 6.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Australia (Richmond River).
+
+Gen. ANTHOPHORA, _Latr._
+
+1. Anthophora zonata, _Linn. Syst. Nat._
+
+_Hab_. Aru Island; Celebes; Ceylon; India; Borneo; Hong-Kong; Shanghai;
+Philippine Islands.
+
+2. ANTHOPHORA ELEGANS. _A._ nigra, pube capitis thoracisque nigra,
+abdomine fasciis quatuor laete caeruleis ornato; tibiis posticis
+ferrugineo-pubescentibus.
+
+_Female._ Length 6 lines. Black; the labrum, a narrow line down the
+middle and another on each side of the clypeus, a minute spot above it,
+and the scape in front testaceous yellow, the base of the mandibles of a
+paler colour; the flagellum fulvous beneath. Thorax: the pubescence
+black; wings subhyaline, the nervures dark rufo-fuscous, tegulae
+obscurely testaceous. Abdomen with four fasciae of brilliant blue, which
+is changeable, with pearly tints in different lights; the posterior
+tibiae densely clothed outside with fulvo-ferruginous pubescence; the
+pubescence inside is black.
+
+_Hab._ Key Island.
+
+Gen. TRIGONA, _Jurine_.
+
+1. Trigona laeviceps, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins., Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc._
+ii. p. 51. 8.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Singapore; India.
+
+
+Fam. FORMICIDAE.
+
+Gen. FORMICA.
+
+1. Formica virescens, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ ii. p. 355. 23 [Symbol: male]
+[Symbol: female] [Symbol: Mercury].--Lasius virescens, _Fabr. Syst.
+Piez._ p. 417. 8.
+
+2. Formica gracilipes, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins., Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc._
+ii. p. 55. 13 [Symbol: Mercury].
+
+3. FORMICA FRAGILIS. _F._ pallide testacea, elongata et gracilis, capite
+postice angustato; thorace medio compresso, pedibus elongatis; squama
+incrassata triangulata.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3-1/2 lines. Pale rufo-testaceous, smooth and slightly
+shining; antennae elongate, longer than the body, the flagellum slender
+and filiform, the scape nearly as long as the head and thorax; head
+oblong, narrowed behind the eyes into a kind of neck, the sides parallel
+before the eyes, which are black and round, the clypeus slightly
+emarginate anteriorly, the mandibles finely serrated on their inner
+margin and terminating in a bent acute tooth. Thorax elongate, narrowest
+in the middle, the prothorax forming a neck anteriorly; legs elongate
+and very slender. Abdomen ovate, the node of the petiole incrassate, and
+viewed sideways is triangular or wedge-shaped.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This is one of those remarkable forms which recede so greatly from the
+normal type of _Formica_ as apparently to indicate a generic
+distinction; but in those exotic species of which we have obtained all
+the forms, we find many which approach closely to the present insect,
+which is probably only the small worker of some already described
+species. No one would venture, without the authority of the personal
+observation of some competent naturalist, to unite all the forms of any
+exotic species of _Formica_.
+
+4. FORMICA FLAVITARSUS. _F._ nigra, elongata et gracilis; thorace
+postice compresso, pedibus elongatis, tarsis flavis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 4 lines. Black and subopake; head elongate, narrowed
+behind, the clypeus truncate anteriorly, the mandibles pale ferruginous;
+antennae elongate and slender, the flagellum filiform and pale
+rufo-testaceous; the thorax and legs elongate, the latter slender with
+their tarsi pale rufo-testaceous. Abdomen ovate, the scale of the
+petiole incrassate and slightly notched above.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+5. FORMICA COXALIS. _F._ nigra, nitida; flagello, coxis et abdomine
+subtus pallide testaceis.
+
+_Worker major._ Length 5 lines. Black and very delicately roughened with
+a fine transverse waved striation only perceptible under a good
+magnifying power. Head large, much wider than the thorax, oblong-ovate
+with a deep emargination behind; the clypeus slightly produced and
+truncate anteriorly, the angles of the truncation rounded, and with a
+central shining carina; the flagellum, except the tarsal joint, pale
+rufo-testaceous. Thorax elongate, compressed behind, the coxae pale
+rufo-testaceous. Abdomen ovate, the scale of the petiole incrassate,
+somewhat wedge-shaped when viewed sideways, the abdomen sparingly
+sprinkled with long pale hairs.
+
+6. FORMICA CORDATA. _F._ pallide rufa; abdomine fusco, capite cordato.
+
+_Worker._ Length 2 lines. Pale rufo-testaceous; the head heart-shaped;
+the eyes black, the flagellum fusco-ferruginous with the basal joints
+pale; the mandibles ferruginous. Thorax narrow, deeply strangulated at
+the base of the metathorax. Abdomen more or less fuscous, the node of
+the petiole narrow and pointed above; the entire insect is smooth and
+shining.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+The _worker minor_ is rather smaller and has the abdomen darker, in all
+the specimens received, but in other respects agrees with the above.
+
+7. FORMICA OCULATA. _F._ pallide ferruginea; capite oblongo, oculis
+magnis, thorace compresso.
+
+_Worker._ Length 2-1/2 lines. Pale ferruginous, with the vertex and apex
+of the abdomen black; the head oblong, the sides nearly parallel, with
+the anterior margin truncate; the mandibles with fine acute teeth on
+their inner margin; the antennae inserted wide apart about the middle of
+the head; the eyes very large and ovate, placed backwards on the sides
+of the head, reaching to the posterior margin of the vertex, forming as
+it were its posterior lateral angles. The thorax narrow and compressed
+behind; abdomen ovate, entirely smooth and shining.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+8. FORMICA MUTILATA. _F._ nigra; capite oblongo, truncato antice et
+sanguineo, antennis tarsisque rufo-testaceis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 2-3/4 lines. Black and shining; the head truncate
+anteriorly, the antennae inserted wide apart, about the middle, the face
+blood-red before their insertion and deeply striated longitudinally,
+behind the antennae the head is black, smooth, and shining; the eyes
+ovate and placed backwards on the sides of the head. Thorax rounded in
+front and strangulated between the meso- and metathorax, the latter
+obliquely truncate; legs rather short and stout, the femora compressed,
+the anterior pair broadly dilated, the base and apex of the femora, the
+tibiae, and tarsi rufo-testaceous, the tibiae with a darker stain behind.
+Abdomen oblong-ovate, the apical margins of the segments narrowly pale
+testaceous; the scale of the petiole compressed, with its superior
+margin rounded.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This is a very singular insect in many respects, and closely resembles
+in form the _Formica truncata_ of Spinola.
+
+9. FORMICA QUADRICEPS. _F._ nigra, nitida; capite antice oblique
+truncato, thorace postice compresso.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3-1/2 lines. Shining black; head oblong-quadrate,
+slightly narrowed anteriorly, with the sides nearly straight, the
+posterior angles rounded, and very slightly emarginate behind; the head
+obliquely truncate from the base of the clypeus; the truncation as well
+as the mandibles obscurely ferruginous; the apex of the flagellum and
+the apical joints of the tarsi pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax rounded
+anteriorly, compressed behind, with the metathorax abruptly truncate.
+The scale of the petiole narrow, incrassate, its anterior margin
+slightly curved, its posterior margin straight; the abdomen ovate.
+
+_Worker minor._ About 3 lines long, very like the larger _worker_, the
+head being truncate in front; but it is, in proportion to the thorax,
+narrower; the latter is compressed and abruptly truncate; in other
+respects it agrees with the _worker major_.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+10. FORMICA LAEVISSIMA. _F._ nigra nitida laevissima, sparse pilosa;
+squama oblonga subdepressa.
+
+_Worker._ Length 4 lines. Jet-black, very smooth and shining; head wider
+than the thorax, slightly emarginate behind, the sides slightly rounded;
+the anterior margin of the clypeus rounded, the mandibles striated and
+obscurely ferruginous; the scape with a few glittering silvery-white
+hairs. Thorax not quite so wide as the head anteriorly, narrowed behind,
+with the disk somewhat flattened, slightly convex, a deep strangulation
+between the meso- and metathorax, the latter obliquely rounded; the legs
+and abdomen sprinkled with glittering white hairs. The node of the
+petiole incrassate, very slightly elevated; viewed sideways, broadly
+wedge-shaped; the abdomen ovate.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+11. FORMICA NITIDA. _F._ capite abdomineque nigris, antennis thoraceque
+pedibusque rufo-testaceis laevissimis et lucidis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 4 lines. Head and abdomen shining black; the flagellum,
+thorax, legs, and scale of the petiole rufo-testaceous; the legs palest;
+the scape fuscous, with its base pale; the head large, wider than the
+abdomen, and emarginate behind; the clypeus and mandibles obscurely
+ferruginous. Thorax compressed, not strangulated in the middle. The
+scale of the petiole narrow, with its margin rounded above; abdomen
+ovate, and sprinkled with a few erect pale hairs.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+12. FORMICA SCRUTATOR. F. nigerrima, mandibulis tarsorumque articulo
+apicali pallide ferrugineis, thorace medio profunde coarctato.
+
+_Worker._ Length 1-1/2--2 lines. Shining black; the mandibles pale,
+ferruginous, with their inner margins finely denticulate; the eyes
+placed rather forwards on the sides of the head, the latter emarginate
+behind. Thorax deeply strangulated in the middle; the metathorax
+elevated and obliquely truncate behind. Abdomen ovate; the scale of the
+petiole sub-incrassate, with its margin rounded above; the insect very
+thinly covered with a fine cinereous pile.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+13. FORMICA ANGULATA. F. nigra nitida; flagello capite antice pedibusque
+obscure ferrugineis, metathorace angulato.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3 lines. Shining black; head of moderate size; the
+clypeus and mandibles obscure ferruginous; the flagellum
+fusco-ferruginous, with the tip pale testaceous. Thorax rounded
+anteriorly and compressed behind; the scutellum prominent, forming a
+small tubercle; the metathorax obliquely truncate, the margin of the
+truncation elevated, so that when viewed sideways the metathorax forms
+an obtuse angular shape. Abdomen ovate, the node of the peduncle
+elevated, incrassate, rounded anteriorly, and flat behind.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. POLYRHACHIS, _Smith_.
+
+1. Formica sericata, _Guer. Voy. Coq. Zool._ ii. 203; _Atlas Ins._ pl.
+8. f. 2, 2 _a_, _b_, _c_, _d_, [Symbol: Mercury]. (Polyrhachis sericata,
+_Smith, Append. Cat. Form._ p. 200.)
+
+_Hab._ Aru; New Hebrides.
+
+2. Formica sexspinosa, _Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm._ p. 126, pl. iv. f. 21
+[Symbol: Mercury]. (Polyrhachis sexspinosa, _Smith, Cat. Form._ p. 56.
+3.)
+
+_Hab._ Aru; India; Philippine Islands.
+
+3. POLYRHACHIS MARGINATUS. _P._ niger; antennis, palpis pedibusque
+ferrugineis; thoracis marginibus recurvis, metathorace petiolique
+squamula bidentatis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 2-1/2 lines. Black; the antennae and legs ferruginous;
+the head and thorax rugose; the prothorax transverse, its anterior
+margin slightly curved, with the lateral angles produced forwards and
+very acute; the thorax narrowed to the metathorax, which is armed with
+two divergent acute spines. Abdomen velvety black and globose; the scale
+of the petiole produced laterally into long, bent, acute spines, which
+curve backwards to the shape of the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+4. POLYRHACHIS HOSTILIS. _P._ niger, longitudinaliter striatus, thoracis
+marginibus expansis, metathorace squamulaque petioli spinis duabus
+crassis acutis curvatis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3 lines. Black; the head and thorax longitudinally
+striated, the abdomen very finely and evenly so; the prothorax
+transverse, wider than the head, the anterior and lateral margins
+recurved, the latter acute at their anterior angles, and rounded at the
+posterior ones; the lateral margins of the mesothorax recurved, a deep
+notch between the meso- and metathorax; the latter with a long, stout,
+curved, acute spine on each side. The scale of the petiole produced
+above on each side, into a long, curved, stout, acute spine, which
+curves backwards round the sides of the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+5. POLYRHACHIS LONGIPES. _P._ niger; flagelli dimidio apicali tibiisque
+anticis pallide ferrugineis, prothorace petiolique squamula bidentatis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3 lines. Black; the head and thorax finely rugose; the
+antennae elongate, longer than the insect; the apical half of the
+flagellum pale ferruginous. Thorax rounded above, the sides not
+margined; two spines on the thorax anteriorly, two on the metathorax,
+and two on the scale of the petiole; the legs elongate, with the
+anterior tibiae ferruginous. Abdomen globose, sometimes rufo-fuscous, or
+the base obscurely rufous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+6. POLYRHACHIS SERRATUS. _P._ niger; capite thoraceque rugosis, abdomine
+dense punctato, squama petioli transversa, margine superno serrata.
+
+_Worker._ Length 2 lines. Black, with the antennae and legs ferruginous.
+Thorax oblong-quadrate or very slightly narrowed towards the metathorax,
+slightly convex above, not margined at the sides, the divisions not
+perceptible; the head and thorax rugose and pubescent. Abdomen globose,
+shining, and closely punctured; the scale of the petiole transverse
+above, produced into an acute spine on each side, the upper margin
+finely serrated, the lateral margins narrowed to their base, and having
+two or three small sharp spines.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+7. POLYRHACHIS SCUTULATUS. _P._ niger, fortiter politus et lucidus,
+metathorace petiolique squamula dente longo curvato acuto in latere
+utroque, pedibus nigro-ferrugineis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 2-3/4 lines. Black and very smooth and shining; the
+legs dark ferruginous. Thorax: the disk expanded, slightly convex above,
+with the margins acute and curving upwards; the anterior margin
+transverse, rather wider than the head, with the lateral angles slightly
+curved forwards, and very acute; the lateral margins of the prothorax
+curved backwards and inwards; the margins of the mesothorax are rounded;
+the pro- and mesothorax highly polished above, forming an
+escutcheon-shaped disk; the metathorax opake, and sprinkled with a few
+short glittering hairs, armed posteriorly with two long very acute
+spines, divergent and directed backwards. Abdomen globose; the scale of
+the petiole with two long curved acute spines, directed backwards to the
+curve of the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+8. POLYRHACHIS MUCRONATUS. _P._ laevis, nitidus, niger; thorace spinis
+duabus crassis compressis acutis postice armato.
+
+_Worker._ Length 2-1/2 lines. Black, smooth, and shining, very
+delicately and indistinctly aciculate; the antennae beneath and the tibiae
+and femora obscurely ferruginous, the anterior and intermediate tibiae
+brightest; the apex of the mandibles ferruginous. Thorax transverse in
+front, or very slightly curved, with the lateral angles acute; the
+thorax is rounded above, and not margined at the sides; the metathorax
+armed with two long, stout, acute compressed spines; the spines
+divergent, as well as two on the scale of the petiole, which are long
+and very acute. Abdomen globose.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+9. POLYRHACHIS GEOMETRICUS. _P._ niger; antennarum apice, tibiis
+tarsorumque apice ferrugineis, thorace circulariter striato.
+
+_Worker._ Length 2 lines. Black; the apical joints of the flagellum, the
+anterior legs, the anterior and intermediate tibiae, and the apical
+joints of the tarsi pale ferruginous; the extreme base of the anterior
+tarsi black. Thorax rounded above, not margined, gradually narrowed
+posteriorly; the prothorax of the same width as the head, its lateral
+angles toothed; the disk with a circular striation. Abdomen globose and
+pubescent; the scale of the petiole compressed, its superior margin
+rounded, and with four minute teeth.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+10. POLYRHACHIS IRRITABILIS. _P._ niger, pube pallide aurea vestitus;
+thorace quadridentato, petioli squamula bidentata.
+
+_Female._ Length 6-1/2 lines. Black, and densely clothed with short pale
+golden pubescence; all parts of the insect sprinkled with erect
+cinereous hairs; the mandibles shining black, the palpi pale testaceous;
+the head elongate, the eyes placed high on the sides of the head,
+ferruginous and very prominent. Thorax elongate-ovate; the prothorax
+with a short, stout, acute tooth on each side, slightly curved and
+directed forwards; the metathorax with a similar tooth on each side
+directed backwards; the wings subhyaline, the nervures fuscous; the legs
+fusco-ferruginous, the femora and coxae brightest. Abdomen ovate; the
+scale incrassate, armed above with two stout acute teeth.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This is probably the female of _P. sexspinosus_.
+
+11. POLYRHACHIS LAEVISSIMUS. _P._ niger, laevis nitidusque; metathorace
+bispinoso, petioli squamula quadrispinosa, pedibus ferrugineis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 2-3/4 lines. Black, very smooth and shining; the legs
+ferruginous, with the coxae, articulations, and the tarsi black. The
+thorax not flattened above, or margined at the sides; the division
+between the pro- and mesothorax distinct, that between the meso- and
+metathorax not discernible, the latter with two erect acute spines; the
+scale of the petiole with four short acute spines. Abdomen globose.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This species is very like _P. mucronatus_; on close examination,
+however, it is seen to be very distinct: it may be at once distinguished
+by its larger head, which is wider than the thorax, rounded behind the
+eyes, and widely emarginate behind.
+
+12. POLYRHACHIS BELLICOSUS. _P._ capite abdomineque nigris, thorace
+femoribusque rufis, thorace quadrispinoso, petioli squamula bihamata.
+
+_Worker_. Length 3-1/2 lines. Black, with the scale of the petiole,
+thorax, coxae, and femora blood-red. Thorax: the lateral margins raised
+above, with two slightly curved divergent spines in front, and two
+stout, acute, long curved spines in the middle, directed backwards; the
+scale of the petiole forming a long erect pedestal, which terminates
+above in two much bent acute hooks, directed backwards, and being as
+high as the basal segment of the abdomen; the spines and hooks black at
+the apex. Abdomen ovate.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+13. POLYRHACHIS HECTOR. _P._ niger et vestitus pube pallide aurea;
+prothorace petiolique squamula bispinosis, pedibus ferrugineis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3 lines. Black; the apex of the scape and the legs
+ferruginous; the extreme base of the tibiae and the tarsi black; a stout
+acute spine on each side of the prothorax, directed forwards; the thorax
+flattened above, its lateral margins raised; the divisions of the
+segments very distinctly impressed; the pale golden pubescence on the
+abdomen thinner than on the head and thorax. The scale of the petiole
+angled at the sides towards its summit, the angles dentate, the upper
+margin straight, and at each lateral angle an acute spine, directed
+backwards, and curved to the shape of the abdomen; the spines parallel.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+14. POLYRHACHIS RUFOFEMORATUS. _P._ niger, laevis, nitidus; femoribus
+abdominisque squamula ferrugineis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3-1/2 lines. Black; head oblong; the eyes placed high
+at the sides near the vertex, the front very prominent, with two
+elevated carinae in the middle, at the outside of which the antennae are
+inserted. Thorax: the divisions strongly marked, flattened above with
+the sides elevated; the prothorax with an acute spine on each side
+anteriorly; the coxae and femora ferruginous, with the apex of the latter
+more or less fuscous. Abdomen: the base and the scale ferruginous, the
+latter angled at the sides and emarginate above.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. PONERA, _Latr._
+
+1. Ponera rugosa, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. Proc. Linn. Soc._ ii. 66. 5.
+
+_Hab._ Aru. Borneo.
+
+2. PONERA SCULPTURATA. _P._ nitida nigra; capite, thorace abdominisque
+segmentis primo et secundo profunde striatis, nodo spinis duabus acutis
+armato; pedibus abdomineque apice ferrugineis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 5 lines. Black and shiny, the legs obscurely
+ferruginous as well as the mandibles; the head strongly and evenly
+striated longitudinally. The prothorax with a circular striation above;
+behind, the thorax is compressed, the sides being obliquely striated,
+the striae uniting and crossing the central ridge of the thorax. The node
+of the petiole and basal segment of the abdomen with a curved striation,
+the second segment longitudinally striated and depressed at its base,
+which is smooth and shining; the basal half of the third segment is
+longitudinally striated.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This species is at first sight very like the _P. geometrica_ from
+Singapore; but the striation of the abdomen alone will serve to
+distinguish it.
+
+3. PONERA PARALLELA. _P._ nigra, opaca; antennis, mandibulis, pedibus
+abdominisque apice ferrugineis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3-1/4 lines. Opake black; the antennae thick and
+scarcely as long as the thorax, their apex and the mandibles bright
+ferruginous; the legs somewhat obscure ferruginous, with the
+articulations much brighter; the head a little wider than the thorax and
+subovate; the thorax, node of the petiole, and the abdomen of nearly
+equal width, the abdomen being slightly the widest; the node of the
+petiole nearly quadrate; the apical margin of the first segment and base
+of the second slightly depressed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+4. PONERA QUADRIDENTATA. _P._ atro-fusca; antennis, facie antice,
+antennis, mandibulis, tibiis tarsisque ferrugineis; alis subhyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 3-1/2 lines. Nigro-fuscous; the antennae with a carina
+between their base, the face anteriorly, the mandibles, the legs, and
+the abdomen at its apex and beneath, ferruginous; the femora and coxae
+above, fuscous; the head subquadrate with the angles rounded; the eyes
+small and placed forwards on the sides of the head towards the base of
+the mandibles, the latter with four strong teeth on their inner margin.
+Thorax oblong-ovate with the metathorax truncate; the wings
+fusco-hyaline, the stigma large and black. Abdomen: the second segment
+slightly narrowed at its base, the node of the petiole incrassate and
+compressed, its upper margin rounded. The insect entirely covered with a
+short downy cinereous pile, the abdomen having also a number of
+scattered erect glittering hairs.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. ECTATOMMA, _Smith_.
+
+1. ECTATOMMA RUGOSA. _E._ fusco-brunnea; capite, thorace, nodoque
+rugosis; abdomine delicatule aciculato.
+
+_Worker._ Length 4 lines. Obscure fusco-ferruginous, the antennae and
+legs bright ferruginous; the head, thorax, and node of the petiole
+coarsely rugose; the eyes very prominent and glassy; the mandibles
+longitudinally but very delicately striated, their inner margin
+edentate; the thorax slightly narrowed behind. Abdomen very delicately
+aciculate.
+
+_Male._ Length 3-1/2 lines. Of the same colour, and sculptured like the
+worker; the head rounded behind the eyes and narrowed before them; the
+eyes very large, prominent and ovate; the ocelli very bright and
+prominent; antennae elongate and slender, the scape short, not longer
+than the second joint of the flagellum. Thorax: the scutellum prominent,
+forming a rounded tubercle, the metathorax elongate and oblique. Abdomen
+aciculate as in the worker, but much more deeply strangulated between
+the first and second segments; the petiole rugose and clavate.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. ODONTOMACHUS, _Latr._
+
+1. Odontomachus simillimus, _Smith, Cat. Form._ p. 80. 11 [Symbol:
+female].
+
+_Hab._ Aru. Ceylon.
+
+2. ODONTOMACHUS TYRANNICUS. _O._ capite thoraceque nigris, antennis
+abdomineque ferrugineis, margine interno mandibulorum serratulo.
+
+_Worker._ Length 7 lines. Head oblong, narrowed behind, posteriorly
+deeply emarginate; the mandibles rufo-piceous, brightest at their apex,
+which is armed with two long teeth which are bent abruptly inwards,
+their tips black; the anterior portion of the head striated obliquely
+from the centre; the head, behind the anterior sulcation, very smooth
+and shining and having a deep longitudinal central depression. Thorax
+transversely striated, the articulations of the legs and the tarsi
+ferruginous. Abdomen smooth, shining, and ferruginous; the node of the
+petiole incrassate, cylindric, and tapering upwards into a very acute
+spine.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. ODONTOMACHUS MALIGNUS. _O._ ferrugineus; capite supra oblique
+striato; margine interno mandibulorum confertim serrato; metathorace
+transversim striato; squama unispinosa; abdomine laevissimo.
+
+_Worker._ Length 7 lines. Ferruginous; the flagellum and legs palest;
+head much narrowed behind, the posterior margin deeply emarginate;
+mandibles smooth and shining, their inner margin strongly serrated,
+their apex abruptly bent or elbowed, and armed with two stout teeth; the
+face anteriorly evenly striated obliquely; the head behind the anterior
+sulcation very delicately striated obliquely. The prothorax smooth and
+shining, the meso- and metathorax transversely striated. Abdomen very
+smooth and shining; the node of the petiole incrassate and tapering
+upwards into an acute spine.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This species most closely resembles _O. maxillaris_ from Brazil; but
+its smooth polished prothorax alone would distinguish it; its head is
+much broader anteriorly, and less elongate.
+
+Gen. PSEUDOMYRMA, _Guer._
+
+1. PSEUDOMYRMA LAEVICEPS. _P._ nigra, laevis et nitida; antennis,
+mandibulis, tibiis anterioribus, tarsisque rufo-fulvis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 2-1/4 lines. Black and shining; head very smooth and
+slightly emarginate behind, the eyes large and ovate; the mandibles and
+antennae rufo-fulvous. Thorax with the sides flattened, the disk slightly
+convex; a deep strangulation between the meso- and metathorax, the
+latter rounded above and oblique behind; the trochanters, articulations
+of the legs, and the tarsi rufo-fulvous. Abdomen thinly covered with a
+fine cinereous pile; the first node of the petiole somewhat
+oblong-ovate, the second subglobose, the petiole of the first node
+short.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. PODOMYRMA, _Smith_.
+
+_Head_ oblong in the _female_, rather wider than the thorax; in the
+_worker_ subovate and much wider; _eyes_ small, ovate and placed about
+the middle at the sides of the head; _antennae_ geniculated, the scape
+about two thirds of the length of the flagellum which is clavate, the
+club three-jointed; the _mandibles_ stout and dentate; the _labial
+palpi_ 3-jointed; the _maxillary palpi_ 4-jointed. _Thorax_,
+oblong-ovate in the _female_, in the _worker_ transverse in front and
+narrowed behind with the metathorax bidentate; the anterior wings with
+one elongate marginal cell and two submarginal cells, the second
+extending to the apex of the wing; the legs stout, the femora
+incrassate; abdomen ovate, the peduncle with two nodes.
+
+The insects included in this genus are undoubtedly most nearly allied to
+those belonging to the genus _Myrmecina_; but, excepting that they agree
+in having the same number of joints in the palpi, they have little
+resemblance to each other. With the exception of the genus _Myrmecia_,
+these are the largest insects in the subfamily Myrmicidae; and all the
+species are distinguished by their remarkably thickened femora and
+margined thorax: we are unacquainted with the males.
+
+1. PODOMYRMA FEMORATA. _P._ ferruginea; capite oblongo, oblique striato,
+thorace abdomineque laevibus nitidis; alis subhyalinis fusco-nebulosis;
+femoribus valde incrassatis, basi tenuissimis, femoribus posticis infra
+compressis.
+
+_Female._ Length 8 lines. Rufo-testaceous; the mandibles and anterior
+margin of the face black, the inner margin of the mandibles rufo-piceous
+and armed with six short stout teeth, the apical tooth largest. The head
+oblong, slightly narrowed posteriorly and emarginate behind,
+longitudinally striated, the striae diverging from the centre at the
+anterior ocellus; at half the distance between the posterior ocelli and
+the margin of the vertex the striae are transverse. Thorax smooth and
+shining, with scattered fulvous hairs; the wings fusco-hyaline, with a
+dark fuscous stain occupying the marginal cell and traversing the course
+of all the nervures; the legs with the femora much incrassated, the
+posterior pair compressed beneath into a flattened process or keel.
+Abdomen ovate, smooth, shining, and with a scattered fulvous pubescence;
+the first node of the petiole rounded in front, narrowed and truncate
+behind, with a large compressed tooth beneath; the second node
+subglobose.
+
+_Worker major._ Length 4 lines. Ferruginous, entirely smooth and
+shining; the thorax, legs, and abdomen more or less obscure, the femora
+being usually rufo-piceous; the mandibles striated with their margins
+black. Thorax nearly flat above, very slightly convex with the sides
+margined, the anterior margin slightly rounded, the lateral angles
+produced into small acute spines; a deep strangulation at the base of
+the metathorax, a little before which the lateral margins are produced
+into an angular tooth, the metathorax with two short acute spines; the
+femora thickly incrassate. Abdomen ovate.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+2. PODOMYRMA STRIATA. _P._ ferruginea; capite thoraceque
+longitudinaliter striatis, femoribus valde incrassatis, basi
+tenuissimis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3 lines. Rufo-ferruginous with the abdomen obscure,
+becoming blackish at the apex, the head coarsely striated, with a
+central portion from the insertion of the antennae to the hinder margin
+of the vertex delicately so; the mandibles striated, with the teeth on
+their inner margin black. Thorax rugose-striate, the anterior lateral
+angles dentate, the metathorax without spines; the femora thickly
+incrassate and greatly attenuated at their base. Abdomen ovate, smooth
+and shining; the nodes of the petiole rugose.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This species resembles _P. femorata_, but is easily distinguished by its
+striated head and thorax; the latter is similarly flattened above and
+margined at the sides; the femora are also thickened precisely as in
+that species.
+
+3. PODOMYRMA LAEVIFRONS. _P._ obscure ferruginea; capite abdomineque
+laevissimis lucidisque; thorace longitudinaliter striato; femoribus medio
+valde incrassatis, basi tenuissimis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 2-1/2 lines. Head and abdomen smooth, shining black, in
+some examples fusco-ferruginous; the antennae, legs, and thorax
+ferruginous, the latter longitudinally striated; the thorax margined at
+the sides, the disk slightly convex, the anterior margin slightly
+rounded, with the lateral angles armed with short acute spines, the
+thorax deeply strangulated posteriorly, the metathorax not spined; the
+femora thickly swollen in the middle and very slender at their base and
+apex. Abdomen ovate, the first node of the petiole oblong, the second
+globose.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+There is considerable variation in intensity of colouring in examples of
+this species, the thorax and legs being sometimes pale ferruginous; in
+the specimen described they are dark; every shade of gradation occurs in
+different individuals.
+
+4. PODOMYRMA BASALIS. _P._ fusco-ferruginea; abdominis basi pallide
+testacea; femoribus medio incrassatis, basi tenuibus.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3 lines. Obscurely ferruginous, the scape of the
+antennae, the base of the femora and the tibiae pale ferruginous; the base
+of the abdomen pale testaceous; the head and thorax with deep coarse
+longitudinal furrows; the flagellum blackish-brown towards its apex,
+with the extreme tip pale. Thorax: the anterior margin slightly rounded
+with the lateral angles very acute; the femora very thickly incrassate
+in the middle; the apex of the tibiae ferruginous. Abdomen smooth and
+shining; the basal half pale testaceous, the apical half and the
+following segments black; the nodes of the petiole rugose; the first
+node elongate, with a short acute tooth at the base above, and a blunt
+one beneath.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. MYRMICA, _Latr._
+
+1. MYRMICA PARALLELA. _M._ rufo-fulva; antennis pedibusque pallide
+testaceis; abdomine fusco-ferrugineo; capite thoraceque longitudinaliter
+striatis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 1 line. Head and thorax ferruginous and longitudinally
+and evenly striated; antennae and legs pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax
+margined at the sides, the disk slightly convex, the anterior margin
+transverse, the lateral angles acute; the metathorax with two short
+spines; abdomen dark fusco-ferruginous, the nodes of the petiole
+subrugose; club of the antennae 3-jointed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+2. MYRMICA SCABROSA. _M._ nigra; capite thoraceque scabrosis,
+metathorace bispinoso, abdomine ovato laevi.
+
+_Worker._ Length 1 line. Black; the head, thorax, and nodes of the
+petiole roughened; the mandibles, flagellum and tarsi rufo-testaceous;
+the lateral angles of the prothorax acute, the sides narrowed slightly
+to the base of the metathorax, the spines on the latter acute; nodes of
+the petiole globose. Abdomen ovate, smooth and shining; club of the
+antennae 3-jointed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. MYRMICA THORACICA. _M._ capite abdomineque nigris; antennis,
+mandibulis thorace pedibusque flavis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3/4 line. Head and abdomen jet-black; the antennae,
+thorax, and legs of a clear honey-yellow; the mandibles of a more
+obscure yellow; the anterior margin of the thorax transverse, the
+lateral angles acute, narrowed from thence to the base of the
+mesothorax, the disk anteriorly slightly convex; the metathorax armed
+with two acute spines. Abdomen nearly round, and very smooth and
+shining; the first node of the petiole vertical anteriorly, and
+gradually rounded behind, the second node transverse, its anterior
+margin straight, the angles rounded, the sides narrowed towards the
+abdomen; the club of the antennae 3-jointed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+The singular form of the thorax of this species, as well as the
+construction of the nodes of the petiole, appear to indicate an
+uncharacterized division of the genus _Myrmica_.
+
+4. MYRMICA SUSPICIOSA. _M._ rufo-testacea, laevis, tota nitidissima nuda;
+mandibulis, antennis, pedum articulationibus tarsisque palles-centibus;
+metathoracis spinis minutissimis.
+
+_Worker._ Length 1 line. Rufo-testaceous and very smooth and shining;
+the antennae as long as the insect; the flagellum, mandibles, tarsi, and
+articulations of the legs pale testaceous. The thorax narrowed
+anteriorly into a short neck, behind which it is dilated, the sides
+being rounded, the meso- and metathorax narrower and of nearly equal
+width, the spines of the metathorax minute and slender. The first node
+of the petiole somewhat wedge-shaped, the second globose, the abdomen
+very smooth and shining; club of the antennae 3-jointed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+I can detect no specific difference between this and _Myrmica laevigata_,
+taken by myself in the neighbourhood of London; but it is not uncommonly
+met with in hothouses, near to which I captured my specimen. I believe
+_M. laevigata_ is identical with _OEcophthora pusilla_, the House-Ant of
+Madeira.
+
+5. MYRMICA MELLEA. _M._ capite thoraceque flavis; abdomine pallide
+fusco.
+
+_Worker._ Length 1-3/4 line. Head, antennae, thorax, and legs
+honey-yellow and very smooth and shining; thorax strangulated at the
+base of the metathorax, which is not spined; the first node of the
+abdomen is oblique anteriorly, and vertical behind, the second node
+subglobose. Abdomen: the base honey-yellow, the apical margin of the
+first segment, and the following segments entirely, pale fuscous; the
+club of the antennae 2-jointed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+6. MYRMICA CARINATA. _M._ obscure fusco-ferruginea; thorace rufo-fulvo;
+capite thoraceque carinis irregularibus; metathorace spinis duabus
+longis armato.
+
+_Worker._ Length 1-1/4 lines. Head and abdomen black, with more or less
+of an obscure ferruginous tinge, particularly at the vertex and base of
+the abdomen; the thorax and nodes of the petiole ferruginous; the legs
+rufo-piceous, with the tarsi and articulations ferruginous, the antennae
+and mandibles ferruginous; the head and thorax with irregular distant
+longitudinal carinae; the sides of the thorax rugose; the spines on the
+metathorax long and acute; the abdomen very smooth and shining; the club
+of the antennae 3-jointed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. CREMATOGASTER, _Lund_.
+
+1. Crematogaster obscura, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins., Journ. Proc. Linn.
+Soc._ ii. 76. 4 [Symbol: Mercury].
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Borneo.
+
+2. CREMATOGASTER ELEGANS. _C._ pallide rufo-testaceus; abdomine
+nigerrimo nitido; thorace bispinoso.
+
+_Worker._ Length 3/4 line. Entirely pale rufo-testaceous, excepting the
+eyes and abdomen which are jet black; the nodes of the petiole pale,
+smooth, and shining. Head about the same width as the abdomen. The
+lateral angles of the anterior margin of the prothorax acute, the
+metathorax armed with two long acute spines. Abdomen heart-shaped, its
+apex acute.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. CREMATOGASTER INSULARIS. _C._ niger, laevis et nitidus; antennis
+tarsisque pallide testaceis; thorace spinis duabus acutis armato.
+
+_Worker._ Length 1-1/4 line. Black, smooth and shining; the vertex,
+thorax and nodes of the peduncle with an obscure ferruginous tinge; the
+antennae, tarsi, and articulations of the legs pale rufo-testaceous; the
+spines which arm the metathorax stout, elongate, and acute, with their
+apex pale testaceous. Abdomen heart-shaped and very acute at the apex.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. SOLENOPSIS, _Westw._
+
+1. SOLENOPSIS CEPHALOTES. _S._ pallide ferruginea; capite maxime in
+medio sulcato, abdomine apice fusco.
+
+_Worker major._ Length 2-1/2 lines. Pale ferruginous, with the anterior
+part of the face darker, the mandibles incrassate and very dark
+fusco-ferruginous; head very large and divided by a deep longitudinal
+channel, emarginate behind, nearly quadrate; the eyes small and placed
+forwards on the sides of the head. The metathorax truncate, not spined.
+Abdomen ovate, truncate at the base, its apex fuscous; the first node of
+the petiole compressed, its margin rounded above, the second node
+incrassate and subglobose; club of the antennae 2-jointed.
+
+_Worker minor._ Length 1-1/2 line. Of the same colour as the _worker
+major_, but with the head of the ordinary size and slightly narrowed
+behind, the mandibles of the same colour as the head; the legs and
+antennae longer, as well as the petiole of the abdomen; the body is very
+smooth and shining, the club of the antennae 2-jointed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Subfam. CRYPTOCERIDAE, _Smith_.
+
+Gen. MERANOPLUS, _Smith_.
+
+1. MERANOPLUS SPINOSUS. _M._ castaneo-rufus; abdomine nigro, thorace
+sexspinoso; abdomine ovato.
+
+_Worker._ Length 1-1/2 line. Head and thorax rugose; the antennae and
+tarsi rufo-testaceous; the eyes rather prominent, the groove above them
+at the sides of the head extending backwards to the vertex. Thorax: the
+anterior margin curved forwards, the lateral angles produced into a
+bifurcate process on each side, behind the processes, slightly narrowed
+to the base of a long curved tooth; the posterior margin emarginate with
+a long sharp spine at each angle of the emargination; the node of the
+petiole globose. Abdomen black, smooth and shining.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+
+Fam. MUTILLIDAE, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. MUTILLA, _Linn._
+
+1. Mutilla Sibylla, _Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc._ ii. 86. 11 [Symbol:
+female].
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Borneo; Celebes.
+
+2. MUTILLA MANIFESTA. _M._ capite abdomineque nigris, thorace
+sanguineo-rubro, maris alis nigro-fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4-3/4 lines. Head black and rugose. The thorax
+blood-red and coarsely rugose, its anterior margin widest and straight,
+the sides gradually narrowed to the apex in a slight curve; the lateral
+margins have two teeth not wide apart. Abdomen black, rugose, and
+slightly shining, with black pubescence above; on the under surface it
+is glittering silvery-white; the legs and sides of the thorax have a
+similar pubescence.
+
+_Male._ The same size as the female, and the same colour; the eyes
+notched. The thorax oblong-quadrate, the posterior lateral angles acute;
+the tegulae large and red; the wings dark brown, with their extreme base
+hyaline. Abdomen shining black, the first and second segments strongly
+punctured, the rest much more finely and not very closely so.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. MUTILLA CARINATA. _M._ capite thoraceque metallico-purpureis viridi
+tinctis, pedibus ferrugineis, abdomine nigro, basi pallido fasciata,
+segmento secundo ad apicem fascia bilobata ornato.
+
+_Female._ Length 4-1/4 lines. The head and thorax of a metallic purple
+tint with shades of green and copper; the scape of the antennae, the
+mandibles, palpi, and legs ferruginous; the head and thorax closely and
+strongly punctured. The abdomen velvety black; the base truncate, the
+truncation smooth and shining; its margin carinate; the upper surface of
+the basal segment yellowish-white, a broad bilobed fascia of the same
+colour at the apical margin of the second segment; the apex ferruginous.
+_Male._ The head and thorax metallic green, strongly and closely
+punctured; abdomen black and shining, much more finely punctured than
+the thorax; wings light brown, with their base and extreme apex hyaline;
+the legs ferruginous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+4. MUTILLA NIGRA. _M._ nigra et punctata, abdomine laevi et nitido,
+delicatule punctato, alis fuscis, basi hyalinis.
+
+_Male._ Length 6-1/2 lines. Black; head and thorax closely and strongly
+punctured; the eyes slightly notched; the face with silvery-white
+pubescence, the mandibles shining, the palpi black. Thorax: the
+metathorax densely clothed with yellowish-white pubescence; the legs
+with glittering white hairs, the calcaria white; wings brown with their
+base hyaline. Abdomen smooth and shining, delicately and sparingly
+punctured, with a few silvery hairs at the sides.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+5. MUTILLA EXILIS. _M._ nigra et punctata; abdomine laevigato, nitido;
+alis subhyalinis; facie et metathorace pube argentata vestitis.
+
+_Male._ Length 6-1/2 lines. Black; head and thorax strongly punctured;
+the eyes emarginate, the face with glittering silvery-white pubescence,
+the cheek thinly sprinkled with silvery hairs; the palpi testaceous.
+Thorax: the metathorax densely clothed with silvery pubescence, beneath,
+at the sides, and also the legs with scattered silvery hairs, the
+calcaria white; the tegulae shining; the wings subhyaline with the
+nervures dark fuscous. Abdomen shining black, smooth, and very
+delicately and sparingly punctured, the apical margins of the segments
+very thinly fringed with glittering silvery hairs.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+
+Tribe FOSSORES, _Latr._
+
+Fam. SCOLIADAE, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. MYZINE.
+
+1. MYZINE TENUICORNIS. _M._ nigra, alis hyalinis, abdomine nitido
+flavoque variegato.
+
+_Male._ Length 7 lines. Black; the head and thorax very closely
+punctured, thinly clothed with griseous pubescence, that on the face,
+thorax beneath, and on the coxae most dense and glittering; antennae more
+slender than is usual in this genus, and tapering to their apex, the
+joints slightly subarcuate; the mandibles bidentate at their apex and
+with a yellow spot at their base. Thorax: the posterior margin of the
+prothorax, a spot beneath the wings, the tegulae, and the postscutellum
+yellow; the anterior and intermediate tibiae ferruginous and more or less
+dusky above, the posterior pair ferruginous beneath. Abdomen shining,
+the margins of the segments deeply depressed; a small ovate spot on each
+side of the first segment, the second and three following segments with
+a narrow stripe on each side in the middle, yellow; the yellow markings
+obscure; the apical segment coarsely rugose; beneath, the segments are
+closely and strongly punctured.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. SCOLIA, _Fabr._
+
+Division I. The anterior wings with two submarginal cells and two
+recurrent nervures.
+
+1. Scolia grossa, _Burm. Abh. Nat. Ges. Halle_, i. p. 23. (Tiphia
+grossa, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 232. 4.)
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Java.
+
+The specimens of this species received from Aru are only 9 lines in
+length; I have examined others from Celebes, Borneo, India, and Java,
+showing every difference between 9 lines and 18 lines.
+
+Division II. Anterior wings with two submarginal cells and one recurrent
+nervure.
+
+2. SCOLIA NITIDA. _S._ nitida, aterrima; alis aeneo et violaceo splendide
+micantibus.
+
+_Female._ Length 11 lines. Shining jet-black, the abdomen with prismatic
+tints. The flagellum fusco-ferruginous beneath, the mandibles
+ferruginous at their apex; the wings dark brown with a splendid lustre
+of coppery and golden tints mixed with shades of violet. The head with a
+few punctures behind the ocelli; the thorax with scattered punctures;
+the metathorax finely but not closely punctured; the disk of the
+mesothorax impunctate; the abdomen with fine scattered punctures; the
+apical segment opake, rugose, and with its apical margin pale
+testaceous; the abdomen beneath with strong distant punctures.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. SCOLIA FULGIDIPENNIS. _S._ nitida, nigra; abdomine prismatico, alis
+fuscis viride et violaceo micantibus.
+
+_Female._ Length 12-13 lines. Jet-black, shining; head very smooth, the
+hinder margin of the vertex finely punctured, the face with a few fine
+scattered punctures; the flagellum obscurely rufo-fuscous. Thorax finely
+punctured, the disk of the mesothorax impunctate; wings dark brown with
+a splendid green iridescence, with violet tints towards their base; the
+legs thickly spinose and pubescent; the calcaria simple. Abdomen with
+scattered fine punctures; the apical segment densely clothed with black
+pubescence; beneath, with strong scattered punctures.
+
+_Male._ Rather smaller than the female, much more closely punctured, and
+not so shining and smooth; the face with a transverse arched carina
+above the insertion of the antennae, which enters the emargination of the
+eyes; the clypeus strongly punctured; in other respects resembling the
+female.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This species belongs to Guerin's division Liacos, of which _S.
+dimidiata_ is the type; the third discoidal cell is petiolated, the
+petiole entering the second submarginal about the middle.
+
+4. SCOLIA INSULARIS. _S._ nitida nigra; abdomine prismatico, alis
+obscure fuscis cupreo submicantibus.
+
+_Male._ Length 7-9 lines. Shining black; head punctured, the vertex most
+finely and distinctly so. Thorax punctured, the disk of the mesothorax
+impunctate, the punctures wide apart on the scutellum and metathorax;
+the wings dark brown with a coppery iridescence, which has a remarkable
+dimness as if breathed upon. The basal segment of the abdomen strongly
+and closely punctured; the following segments more finely and distantly
+punctured, particularly the second and third segments.
+
+_Hab._ Key Island.
+
+5. SCOLIA QUADRICEPS. _S._ nitida nigra; foeminae capite magno
+subquadrato, alis fuscis cupreo iridescentibus.
+
+_Female._ Length 6-8 lines. Black and shining; head subquadrate, smooth
+and shining, as wide as the thorax, with a few punctures at the sides of
+the face and between the antennae. Thorax finely punctured, with the disk
+of the mesothorax impunctate; wings dark brown with a rich coppery
+iridescence. Abdomen with a fine prismatic lustre, closely and strongly
+punctured towards the apex and at the extreme base, the second segment
+and the middle of the third with only a few very fine scattered
+punctures.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This species also belongs to the division Liacos; the petiolated cell is
+small and oblong-quadrate; the male exactly resembles the female, except
+that its head is smaller and narrower than the thorax; the abdomen is
+rather more strongly punctured.
+
+Gen. POMPILUS, _Fabr._
+
+1. POMPILUS DUBIUS. _P._ niger, pilis mutabili-sericeis tectus; alis
+subhyalinis, apice nebuloso.
+
+_Female._ Length 4-1/4 lines. Black and covered with a thin changeable
+silvery pile, which is most dense on the sides of the metathorax and
+base of the segments of the abdomen. The vertex emarginate behind, the
+eyes very large, their inner orbits emarginate, reaching high on the
+sides of the head nearly to the margin of the vertex; the clypeus
+emarginate in front, the labrum produced. Thorax: the prothorax
+subelongate, narrowed anteriorly; the wings subhyaline, their apex
+clouded; the intermediate and posterior tibiae with a double row of
+spines; all the tarsi simple; the calcaria stout and elongate. Abdomen
+shining, with the margins of the segments slightly depressed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Subgen. AGENIA, _Schioedte_.
+
+1. Agenia blanda, _Guer. Voy. Coq. Zool._ pt. 2. ii. p. 260.
+
+_Hab._ Celebes; India; Singapore; Malacca; Borneo; Key Island.
+
+2. AGENIA CALLISTO. _A._ nigra, pilis sericeis vestita; facie thoraceque
+subtus pube argentato-alba dense: vestitis; alis fasciis duabus
+angustis.
+
+_Female._ Length 8 lines. Black; the face, clypeus, and cheeks with a
+dense silvery-white pile; the tips of the mandibles obscurely
+ferruginous, the palpi black. Thorax with a brilliant silvery-white pile
+on the sides, beneath, and on the coxae; the metathorax transversely
+rugose; the wings hyaline; the anterior pair with a narrow fuscous
+fascia at the apex of the externo-medial cell, and a second rather
+broader at the base of the marginal cell, which does not quite cross the
+wing; the apex of the wing fuscous. Abdomen petiolated, smooth and
+shining, with a beautiful glossy pile, which is most dense at the sides;
+the apical segment longitudinally subcarinated in the middle above.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. AGENIA JUCUNDA. _A._ nitida nigra; facie metathorace abdomineque pube
+sericea vestitis; antennis, pedibus, abdominisque marginibus apicalibus
+ferrugineis; alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Black; head, pro- and mesothorax, as well
+as the scutellum, glassy-smooth and shining; the face covered with
+silvery-white pile; the antennae, tips of the mandibles, and the legs
+ferruginous; the palpi elongate and pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax: the
+wings hyaline and iridescent, the nervures very slender and pale
+rufo-testaceous, the stigma fuscous; the metathorax rounded behind,
+transversely rugose, and covered with silvery-white pile. Abdomen
+petiolated; the apical margins of the second and following segments
+ferruginous, the apical segment entirely so; the ferruginous band on
+each segment produced in the middle into an angular shape; on the
+abdomen beneath they are similarly produced; the basal segment entirely
+ferruginous, with a black spot on each side.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+4. AGENIA ALTHEA. _A._ nigra; facie pube argentato-alba vestita, thorace
+abdomineque sericeo pubescentibus; alis hyalinis, venis nigris.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Black; the face silvery; the anterior margin
+of the clypeus rounded and narrowly smooth and shining; tips of the
+mandibles ferruginous; the mandibles elongate and pale rufo-testaceous.
+Thorax: the metathorax finely transversely rugose, the sides with bright
+silvery-white pubescence; the coxae, the thorax beneath and on the sides,
+with fine silky sericeous pile; the anterior tibiae and tarsi, and all
+the femora at their apex beneath, ferruginous; wings hyaline and
+iridescent, nervures black; the outer margin of the tegulae testaceous.
+Abdomen shining, and with a fine silvery sericeous pile; the apical
+margins of the segments narrowly rufo-piceous; the terminal segment with
+an elongate, smooth, shining space, which extends to the apex, which is
+testaceous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+5. AGENIA ALCYONE. _A._ nigra, pilis sericeis cinereis vestita; antennis
+pedibusque ferrugineis, alis hyalinis; abdomine petiolato; marginibus
+apicalibus segmentorum flavis.
+
+_Male._ Length 7 lines. Black; the antennae, tips of the mandibles, and
+the legs ferruginous; the scape in front, a narrow line on the inner
+orbit of the eyes, and the anterior portion of the clypeus yellow; the
+antennae fuscous above towards their base. Thorax: the femora beneath
+towards their base, the trochanters and coxae, except their apex, black;
+the apical joints of the intermediate and posterior tarsi fuscous; wings
+hyaline, the nervures fusco-ferruginous, the tegulae reddish-yellow.
+Abdomen petiolated; the apical margins of the segments with
+reddish-yellow fasciae; beneath, the margins of the segments are
+rufo-piceous, not fasciated.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+6. AGENIA AMALTHEA. _A._ nigra, pilis tenuibus cinereis sericeis
+vestita; antennis antice pedibusque anticis et intermediis antice
+ferrugineis; abdomine petiolato; alis hyalinis bifasciatis.
+
+_Female._ Length 6 lines. Black; the face densely covered with silvery
+pile; the antennae in front, the anterior margin of the clypeus and the
+tips of the mandibles ferruginous; palpi elongate and pale
+rufo-testaceous. Thorax: the posterior margin of the prothorax narrowly,
+the tegulae, the anterior and intermediate femora in front, the posterior
+pair towards their apex beneath, the anterior tibiae and tarsi, the
+intermediate and posterior tibiae more or less beneath, and their tarsi,
+ferruginous; the tarsi sometimes dusky above; the wings hyaline, a
+narrow fuscous fascia at the apex of the externo-medial cell, and a
+broad one crossing at, and being the width of, the second and third
+submarginal cells; tips of the wings milky-white; the metathorax rounded
+posteriorly, transversely finely rugose and densely covered with short
+silvery-white pubescence at the sides and apex. Abdomen petiolated,
+smooth and shining, with the apex and the margins of the segments
+narrowly rufo-piceous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. PRIOCNEMIS, _Schioedte_.
+
+1. PRIOCNEMIS PULCHERRIMUS. _P._ laete ruber; alis flavo-hyalinis, apice
+late fusco, abdominis lateribus nigris.
+
+_Female._ Length 7-1/2 lines. Bright red; the anterior margin of the
+clypeus with a minute tooth in the centre; the tips of the mandibles
+fuscous. The metathorax slightly striated transversely, and with a
+central as well as a lateral longitudinal groove; the wings
+flavo-hyaline, their apex with a fuscous cloud, which commences at the
+base of the first discoidal cell, the extreme tips pale; the tibiae and
+tarsi with short slender spines; the extreme apex of the joints of the
+posterior tarsi black. Abdomen: the short petiole of the basal segment,
+and the sides of the second, third, and fourth segments black, leaving a
+red line down the middle of each; beneath, the second, third, and base
+of the fourth segments black.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+2. PRIOCNEMIS FERVIDUS. _P._ capite, antennis, thorace pedibusque
+ferrugineis; abdomine nigro; alis fuscis basi subhyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 9 lines. Ferruginous, with the abdomen black; the
+anterior margin of the clypeus rounded. The metathorax transversely
+rugose; the pectus, and coxae at their base within, black; wings brown,
+with a violet iridescence, their base rufo-hyaline; the intermediate and
+posterior tibiae with a double row of spines, all the tarsi spinose.
+Abdomen shining black, with the extreme apex slightly ferruginous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. MACROMERIS, _St.-Farg._
+
+1. MACROMERIS IRIDIPENNIS. _M._ caeruleo-nigra; abdomine iridescente,
+alis caeruleo-violaceoque splendide micantibus; pedibus mutieis,
+simplicibus.
+
+_Female._ Length 12 lines. Blue-black; abdomen with a changeable
+iridescent pile; head and thorax with a black velvety pubescence; the
+metathorax very finely rugose and opake; the legs simple; the posterior
+tibiae villose within; the wings very dark brown, with a splendid violet
+and blue iridescence.
+
+_Male._ Very closely resembling the female, but rather smaller; the
+anterior and intermediate femora more incrassate, and all the femora
+with a simple row of teeth or serrations on their inferior margins.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Although this species of _Macromeris_ is very similar in colour to the
+_M. violacea_ of St.-Fargeau, the femora are not so thick as in that
+species, not in fact much more so than in the female; and the row of
+teeth beneath is a strong specific character.
+
+Gen. SALIUS, _Fabr._
+
+1. SALIUS MALIGNUS. _S._ niger, pube cinerea sericea vestitus; alis
+fuscis, albo fasciatis.
+
+_Female._ Length 9 lines. Black, and covered with a fine thin ashy pile;
+the scape in front, and the anterior margin of the clypeus narrowly,
+obscure yellow; the mandibles ferruginous at their apex, which has a
+single notch; the palpi pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax: the prothorax with
+a slightly interrupted narrow fascia a little before its posterior
+margin, and the scutellum, yellow; the anterior femora broadly dilated,
+and, as well as the anterior tibiae, ferruginous within; the intermediate
+tibiae ferruginous at their apex in front, and the posterior pair with a
+yellowish-white spot at their base outside; the calcaria pale
+testaceous, the claws ferruginous, the anterior tarsi entirely so, but
+more or less obscure; the posterior tibiae slightly spinose; the anterior
+wings brown, with a white fascia crossing at the first discoidal cell,
+and a second at the apex of the third submarginal, the extreme base and
+the anterior margin of the externo-medial cell hyaline. Abdomen: the
+apical margins of the segments with a little bright silvery pile.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. MYGNIMIA, _Smith_.
+
+1. MYGNIMIA ASPASIA. _M._ caeruleo-nigra; capite thoraceque pube
+holosericea vestitis; alis fulvo-hyalinis; abdomine pilis iridescentibus
+vestito.
+
+_Female._ Length 14 lines. Black, with shades of blue in certain lights;
+the abdomen with bright tints of blue and violet, caused by fine
+iridescent changeable pile; the legs have a similar pile, very bright on
+the femora within; the head and thorax with a short black velvety
+pubescence; the wings flavo-hyaline; the nervures pale ferruginous; the
+extreme base of the wings blackish, their apical margins with a narrow
+fuscous border. The legs spinose; the posterior tibiae with a double row
+of strong serrations.
+
+Gen. SPHEX, _Fabr._
+
+1. SPHEX ARGENTATA, _Dahlb. Hym. Eur._ i. 25. 1.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Celebes; Sumatra; India; Greece; Africa; East Florida.
+
+2. SPHEX SERICEA, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ 211. 19.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Malacca; Borneo; Java; Philippine Islands.
+
+3. SPHEX AURIFRONS. _S._ niger; facie pube aurea vestita, alis
+flavo-hyalinis apice fuscis, abdomine pilis sericeo-aureis vestito.
+
+_Female._ Black; the face densely clothed with golden pubescence, the
+head having a number of scattered long golden-yellow hairs. Thorax
+thinly covered with long yellow pubescence, which is most dense at the
+sides of the metathorax; the tibiae, tarsi, and posterior femora
+ferruginous; the claw-joint of the tarsi black; the tibiae and tarsi with
+black spines; the wings fulvo-hyaline, their apex with a narrow fuscous
+border, the nervures ferruginous. Abdomen covered with a fine, thin,
+golden-reflecting pile; the apical margins of the segments
+rufo-testaceous, the testaceous margin produced in the middle into a
+triangular shape, most conspicuously so on the segments beneath.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+4. SPHEX NITIDIVENTRIS. _S._ niger; abdomine nigro-caeruleo, laevigato,
+nitido; alis fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Length 12 lines. Black; the face with silvery pubescence, and
+thinly covered with long black hairs; the clypeus with a central
+longitudinal carina at the base, which terminates at the middle, from
+whence to the anterior margin is a broad, smooth, shining space. Thorax
+shining and finely punctured; the metathorax opake and covered with
+long, loose, black pubescence; the legs shining, the posterior tibiae
+with shining grey pile within; wings brown, darkest at their base.
+Abdomen blue, and very smooth and shining, oblong-ovate; the apical
+segment vertical.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+5. SPHEX SEPICOLA. _S._ niger; facie pube aurea vestita; alis
+subhyalinis apice fuscis; abdomine nitido.
+
+_Female._ Length 9 lines. Black; the face densely clothed with golden
+pubescence, the cheeks with iridescent pile, with a long, loose,
+scattered pale yellow pubescence on the head and thorax; the mandibles
+smooth, shining black. The disk of the thorax with an obscure chalybeous
+tint, shining and finely punctured; the metathorax opake and finely
+rugose; the wings subhyaline, their apical margins fuscous, the nervures
+fusco-ferruginous. Abdomen with a slender subelongate petiole, and with
+a thin, silky, grey pile; the apical margins of the segments narrowly
+and obscurely rufo-piceous.
+
+_Male._ Rather smaller than the female, more slender and more pubescent,
+the pubescence on the face paler.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+6. SPHEX GRATIOSA. _S._ capite thoraceque nigris, abdomine caeruleo, alis
+fusco-hyalinis.
+
+_Male._ Length 10 lines. Head and thorax black; the face densely clothed
+with pale golden pubescence; the labrum and mandibles highly polished,
+very smooth and shining; a thin pale pubescence is scattered over the
+head, pro- and mesothorax, the latter obscurely chalybeous above,
+shining, and finely and closely punctured, with an abbreviated, deeply
+impressed line in the middle anteriorly; the posterior margin of the
+prothorax covered with shining silvery pubescence; the metathorax
+opake, and clothed with black pubescence; wings fusco-hyaline, the
+anterior pair darkest towards their base, the nervures dark
+fusco-ferruginous, nearly black. Abdomen smooth, shining dark blue;
+beneath, the margins of the segments have a bright, glittering,
+pale-golden pile.
+
+Gen. PELOPOEUS, _Latr._
+
+1. PELOPOEUS LABORIOSUS. _P._ niger; scapo antice, pedibus petioloque
+rufescenti-flavis, alis hyalinis fulvo tinctis.
+
+_Female._ Length 12 lines. Black, with black pubescence on the head and
+thorax; the face with a fine cinereous pile; the scape yellow in front;
+the mandibles smooth and shining. Thorax: the legs pale ferruginous, the
+posterior femora darkest; the coxae, the anterior and intermediate
+trochanters, and base of the femora black; wings fulvo-hyaline, the
+nervures ferruginous; the metathorax obliquely striated. Abdomen
+slightly shining at the base, with the petiole reddish-yellow.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. LARRADA, _Smith_.
+
+1. LARRADA MODESTA. _L._ nigra; abdomine pilis argentatis fasciato; alis
+hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 6-1/2 lines. Black; the face covered with silvery down;
+the mandibles smooth, shining, black, and fringed beneath with fulvous
+hairs, the cheeks silvery. Thorax slightly shining, closely and
+delicately punctured; the metathorax opake and transversely striated;
+wings subhyaline, with a fuscous border at their apex, the nervures
+black. Abdomen slightly shining; the apical margins of the first,
+second, and third segments with fascia of silvery pile, which is very
+brilliant in certain lights.
+
+_Male_ closely resembles the female, but has an additional fascia on the
+abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. LARRA, _Fabr._
+
+1. LARRA SIMILLIMA. _L._ nigra, pulchre prismatica, maculis fasciisque
+variis flavis ornata.
+
+_Female._ Length 6-1/2 lines. Black; the abdomen with tints of blue
+violet; the thorax slightly prismatic; the labrum, clypeus, an angular
+scape above, an abbreviated line on the inner orbits of the eyes, the
+scape in front, and the antennae beneath, yellow; the cheeks with a
+silvery reflexion. The thorax beneath, and the metathorax, with a
+shining white silvery pile; the anterior and intermediate femora and
+tibiae beneath yellow; the tarsi pale ferruginous, and more or less
+fuscous above; wings subhyaline, the nervures fuscous; a spot on the
+lateral posterior angles of the metathorax, two ovate spots on the
+scutellum, and a line on the postscutellum yellow. Abdomen: the basal
+segment with a broadly interrupted fascia a little before its apical
+margin; the second and fourth segments with a narrow yellow fascia at
+their apical margins, which is widened laterally; beneath, the second
+and third segments with a yellow spot on each side.
+
+The _Male_ differs from the female in having a large quadrate black spot
+on the clypeus, and a spot at the base of the labrum; there is also a
+narrow yellow line on the posterior margin of the prothorax; and the
+third segment of the abdomen has a yellow fascia: it is also rather
+smaller.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This insect very closely resembles _Larra prismatica_, from Borneo,
+Malacca, and Celebes, of which it may be a variety.
+
+Gen. BEMBEX, _Fabr._
+
+1. Bembex melancholieca, _Smith, Cat. Hym._ pt. iv. p. 328; _Proc. Linn.
+Soc._ ii. p. 105.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Sumatra; Borneo.
+
+Many of the specimens from Aru are less highly coloured than those of
+Sumatra or Borneo: the yellow markings on the abdomen are frequently
+much obliterated in the females; others are as highly coloured as any
+examples I have seen.
+
+Gen. PISON, _Spin._
+
+1. PISON NITIDUS. _P._ nitidus, niger, distincte punctatus; alis
+subhyalinis, venis fuscis; segmentis abdominalibus apice depressis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Black and shining; the head and thorax
+strongly punctured; the face beneath, the antennae, the clypeus, cheeks,
+and the sides of the segments of the abdomen covered with a silvery
+down; the palpi pale testaceous; the mandibles obscurely ferruginous at
+their apex. The metathorax transversely striated behind, with a central
+longitudinal impressed line above, which is transversely striated, and
+terminates in a deep fovea just beyond the verge of the posterior
+inclined truncation; the wings subhyaline; the nervures dark fuscous;
+the first recurrent nervure received at the apex of the first
+submarginal cell, and the second at the base of the third submarginal.
+Abdomen shining, and more delicately punctured than the thorax; the
+margins of the segments deeply depressed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru, Key Island.
+
+Gen. GORYTES, _Latr._
+
+1. GORYTES CONSTRICTUS. _G._ niger; clypei lateribus flavis; collari,
+tuberculis postscutelloque flavis; segmentorum abdominis marginibus
+apicalibus flavis constrictis, pedibusque flavo variegatis.
+
+_Female._ Length 6 lines. Black; the head and thorax very closely
+punctured and opake, the head slightly shining on the vertex; the
+antennae beneath and the apical half of the mandibles ferruginous, the
+latter black at their tips; the clypeus yellow at the sides, and
+coarsely rugose in front. Thorax: the metathorax coarsely
+longitudinally rugose, with cinereous pubescence at the sides; the
+antennae and intermediate tibiae, the tarsi, and articulations of the legs
+reddish-yellow; wings subhyaline, with a fuscous cloud in the marginal
+cell, which passes beyond to the apex of the wings; the nervures
+fusco-ferruginous; the tegulae ferruginous. Abdomen shining, covered with
+a thin, fine, cinereous pile, and with the margins of the segments
+constricted; the apical margins of the segments with narrow yellow
+fasciae, that on the fourth abbreviated on each side, on the fifth it is
+obsolete; beneath, the second segment is opake, finely punctured, and
+pilose; the following segments smooth, shining, and with five scattered
+punctures.
+
+The _Male_ strongly resembles the female, but is smaller and less
+variegated with yellow; the face covered with silvery down; the scape
+and base of the flagellum ferruginous beneath; the clypeus yellow,
+except its extreme base. The thorax black, with the legs rufo-piceous;
+the tibiae and tarsi pale ferruginous, variegated with yellow; the sides
+of the thorax beneath the wings longitudinally striated in both sexes,
+most conspicuously so in the male. The abdomen with three narrow
+interrupted fasciae.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+2. GORYTES VAGUS. _G._ niger; clypeo maculis duabus flavis notato;
+postscutello et segmentis primo et secundo fascia apicali flavis, fascia
+in segmento primo subinterrupto.
+
+_Female._ Length 6 lines. Black; the head finely punctured and shining;
+the anterior margin of the clypeus emarginate in the middle, and more
+deeply so on each side; on each side of the clypeus, at its base, is an
+oblique yellow spot, and anteriorly it is roughly punctured; the
+mandibles roughened at their base, their apical half smooth, shining,
+and ferruginous, with their apex black. Thorax subopake, very closely
+punctured, and slightly shining; the metathorax coarsely longitudinally
+rugose-striate; the postscutellum yellow; wings subhyaline and
+iridescent, the nervures fusco-ferruginous; a dark fuscous cloud
+occupies the marginal cell. Abdomen smooth and shining, with a slightly
+interrupted fascia a little before the apical margin of the basal
+segment; the second segment has a fascia at its apical margin; both are
+yellowish white; the first is gradually widened towards the sides of the
+segment, the second abruptly widened, with the angle of the widened
+portion pointed inwards; beneath the abdomen is glossy, with the basal
+segment closely punctured and subopake; the margins of abdominal
+segments slightly constricted.
+
+_Hab._ Key Island.
+
+Gen. TRYPOXYLON, _Latr._
+
+1. TRYPOXYLON EXIMIUM. _T._ nigrum; clypeo argentato-pubescente;
+abdominis segmentis secundo tertio quartoque basi rubris; alis
+hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 8-1/2 lines. Black, smooth, and shining; the head and
+thorax very delicately punctured; the face and clypeus below the
+insertion of the antennae densely covered with silvery-white pubescence;
+the anterior margin of the clypeus rounded and much produced, with a
+slight curving upwards at its margin; the mandibles yellow, with their
+apex ferruginous; the palpi pale testaceous; the inner orbits of the
+eyes very deeply notched. Thorax: the metathorax, the sides, and beneath
+with a thin silvery-white pubescence, most dense on the former; the
+metathorax not distinctly enclosed at its base, but with two shallow
+impressed lines, which mark the form of the usual enclosed space; a
+central longitudinal channel extends from its base to the apex, slightly
+subinterrupted in the middle; the wings hyaline and iridescent, the
+nervures dark fuscous; the anterior and intermediate tibiae in front,
+their tarsi, the apical joints of the posterior pair, and the base of
+the tibiae very pale ferruginous; the claw-joint of the intermediate and
+posterior tarsi fuscous above; the calcaria pale testaceous. Abdomen,
+the second, third, and base of the fourth segment more or less
+ferruginous; the apex of the basal petiolated joint ferruginous beneath.
+
+_Hab._ Aru and Key Island.
+
+Gen. CRABRO, _Fabr._
+
+1. CRABRO SOLITARIUS. _C._ niger; abdomine petiolato; scapo flagellique
+articulo ultimo, collari, tuberculis, postscutelli maculis duabus
+flavis; pedibus petioloque basi ferrugineis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Black and opake; the head large, quadrate, and
+wider than the thorax; the ocelli in a curve on the vertex; the clypeus
+covered with silvery pubescence, carinated in the middle, and slightly
+produced; the scape and basal joint of the flagellum pale yellow.
+Thorax: an interrupted line on the collar, the tubercles, a spot beneath
+the wings, and two minute ones on the postscutellum yellow; the disk of
+the thorax longitudinally delicately rugose; the metathorax oliquely
+striated, with an enclosed space at its base, and having a central
+longitudinal channel, the side covered with thin silvery pubescence; the
+wings hyaline and iridescent, the nervures fuscous; the legs
+ferruginous, variegated with yellow. Abdomen: the basal petiolated
+segment ferruginous, with its apical half black above; the apical
+segment with an angular shape at its base, which is smooth and shining,
+with its lateral margins carinate, the extreme apex ferruginous; beneath
+smooth and shining, with the apical margins rufo-piceous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This species would, according to the views of some Hymenopterists,
+belong to the genus _Rhopalum_ of Kirby.
+
+
+Group SOLITARY WASPS.
+
+Fam. EUMENIDAE, _Westw._
+
+Gen. EUMENES, _Latr._
+
+1. Eumenes arcuata, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ 287. 11.
+
+_Hab._ Key Island; coast of New Guinea (Triton Bay); Australia.
+
+Gen. PACHYMENES, _Sauss._
+
+1. PACHYMENES VIRIDIS. _P._ laete viridis; facie pube argentato-alba
+tecta; alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 8 lines. Bright green; the head, thorax, and basal
+segment of the abdomen rugose, the rest of the abdomen finely and very
+closely punctured; the clypeus thinly covered with a fine silvery-white
+pubescence, its apex produced and truncate. Thorax: the metathorax
+rounded behind, a deep longitudinal impressed line in the middle, and
+with fine silvery down at the sides and behind; the wings subhyaline,
+with a fuscous stain along the anterior margin of the superior pair; the
+legs rufo-piceous; the coxae, femora, and tibiae more or less tinged with
+green.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. RHYNCHIUM, _Spin._
+
+1. Rhynchium mirabile, _Sauss. Mon. Guepes Sol._ 106. 6, t. 14. f. 5
+[Symbol: female].
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Tasmania.
+
+The _Male_ of this fine species closely resembles the female; it is
+black, with a transverse spot above the insertion of the antennae, an
+abbreviated narrow line behind the eyes, another on the lower margin of
+their emargination; the scape in front and the clypeus yellow, the
+latter notched at its apex; a minute yellow spot at the base of the
+mandibles; the antennae, tibiae, apex of the femora, and the tarsi
+ferruginous; the basal joint of the intermediate and posterior tarsi
+dusky; the intermediate femora deeply excavated or hollowed beneath; the
+prothorax yellow above; the metathorax truncate, transversely striated
+with several minute teeth on the lateral margins; the wings hyaline,
+tinted with yellow, their apical margins slightly clouded; the apical
+margins of all the segments of the abdomen bordered with yellow, that on
+the first segment narrowest. The only particulars in which the female
+apparently differs from Saussure's description, is that the second
+fascia on the abdomen is _widest at the sides_, and there are _three
+little teeth_ on each side of the margins of the metathorax.
+
+The _Female_ is also in the Paris Museum.
+
+2. Rhynchium superbum, _Sauss. Mon. Guepes Sol._ p. 113. 18.
+
+_Hab._ Aru: New Holland.
+
+Our example of this species slightly differs in coloration from the
+description of Saussure. He says, "black, with the vertex, the front,
+the prothorax, and the border of all the segments of the abdomen, except
+the first, yellow; the wings yellow;" in the Aru specimen, the sinus of
+the eyes, a spot above the clypeus, a reversed crescent-shaped spot
+crossing the ocelli, two oblique spots behind them, and a broad elongate
+stripe behind the eyes yellow. These slight differences cannot
+characterize more than a variety; in every other particular they exactly
+correspond.
+
+Gen. ODYNERUS, _Latr._
+
+1. ODYNERUS PETIOLATUS. _O._ niger; clypeo apiculato; capite, thorace
+abdomineque flavo variis; abdomine petiolato; alis subhyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 7-1/2 lines. Black; head and thorax strongly punctured;
+two confluent spots between the antennae, a line on the inner orbits of
+the eyes, terminating in their emargination, an oblong spot behind them,
+a spot at the base of the mandibles, the scape in front, and the clypeus
+yellow; the latter with a large black spot in the middle, and with its
+anterior margin prolonged into an acute point; the mandibles
+ferruginous, with their base and margins black; the flagellum fulvous
+beneath. Thorax: an interrupted line on the collar, a spot beneath the
+wings, the outer margin of the tegulae, two spots on the scutellum, two
+longitudinal curved lines on the metathorax, extending from the base to
+the apex, yellow; the yellow lines on the metathorax curving inwards.
+The tibiae, tarsi, and apex of the femora ferruginous; the intermediate
+and posterior tibiae with a fuscous line outside, a spot on the coxae
+outside, a stripe at the apex of the anterior femora beneath, another on
+the intermediate pair, and a line on the anterior tibiae, behind, yellow;
+wings subhyaline, their margins fuscous. Abdomen petiolated; a fascia on
+the apical margins of all the segments, and the petiole, yellow; the
+third and following fasciae narrowest; all the fasciae continued beneath
+the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+2. ODYNERUS AGILIS. _O._ niger; capite thoraceque distincte, abdomine
+delicatule punctatis; pedibus ferrugineis; abdominis segmentis duobus
+basalibus flavo fasciatis; alis subhyalinis.
+
+_Male._ Length 6 lines. Black; the scape in front, a line on the inner
+margin of the eyes, terminating in their emargination, an abbreviated
+line behind them, and the clypeus yellow; the latter deeply emarginate,
+forming two teeth. Thorax: a line in the middle of the anterior margin
+of the prothorax, two spots on the verge of the emargination of the
+metathorax, and a fascia on the apical margins of the first and second
+segments of the abdomen yellow; the legs ferruginous; the wings
+subhyaline, the anterior margin of the superior pair fuscous; the outer
+margin of the tegulae yellowish.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. ODYNERUS MULTIPICTUS. _O._ niger, flavo maculatus et punctatus;
+pedibus flavis, alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4 lines. Black; the head and thorax strongly punctured,
+the abdomen finely and distantly so; the clypeus, a spot above it, the
+inner and outer orbits of the eyes, and the scape in front yellow; the
+clypeus deeply emarginate in front; the mandibles ferruginous, with a
+yellow spot at their base. Thorax: the prothorax in front, the tegulae
+and two spots beneath the wings, the scutellum, and sides of the
+metathorax yellow; the legs yellow, with ferruginous stains; the femora
+with a black or dark stain above; wings hyaline, with a fuscous stain
+along the anterior border of the superior pair. Abdomen: a yellow fascia
+on the apical margins of the two basal segments; the three following
+segments with very narrow yellow borders, and the apical segment
+entirely reddish-yellow.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+4. ODYNERUS MODESTUS. _O._ niger; abdominis segmentis duobus basalibus
+flavo fasciatis; tibiis tarsisque femigineis; alis hyalinis; abdominis
+segmento primo basi transversim bicarinato.
+
+_Female._ Length 4 lines. Black; head and thorax coarsely punctured; the
+vertex swollen; the scape of the antennae, a spot between them, and the
+clypeus yellow; the latter with a transverse black spot in the middle,
+deeply notched in front, and having a carina on each side, in a line
+with the angle or tooth of the emargination; the flagellum ferruginous
+towards the apex beneath; wings hyaline, with a fuscous cloud in the
+marginal cell; the tibiae and tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen: the base
+truncate, with an oblique space above the truncation, the margin of both
+defined by an elevated ridge or carina; a narrow fascia on the apical
+margin of the basal segment, and a broader one on the second; the latter
+continued beneath the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This species is undoubtedly allied to _O. Sichellii_ of Saussure; but,
+beside differing in the colour of its legs, and of the bands of the
+abdomen, it wants the strong tubercle at the base of the second segment
+of the latter.
+
+Gen. ALASTOR, _St.-Farg._
+
+1. ALASTOR UNIFASCIATUS. _A._ niger; macula inter antennas, abdominisque
+margine apicali et segmento secundo flavis; alis fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Length 6-1/2 lines. Black; the head and thorax strongly
+punctured; the face, sides of the clypeus, cheeks, and base of the
+mandibles with a fine silky silvery-white pubescence; the clypeus
+convex, its anterior margin emarginate; from each angle of the
+emargination a shining carina runs more than halfway up the clypeus; a
+minute spot between the antennae, and two on the anterior margin of the
+prothorax, yellow; the wings fuscous, palest at their posterior
+margins. Abdomen finely and closely punctured; the third segment
+strongly so; a broad yellow fascia on the apical margin of the second
+segment.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+2. ALASTOR APICATUS. _A._ niger; abdominis segmentis primo et secundo
+aurantiaco-rubris; alis fuscis.
+
+_Male._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Black; the head and thorax strongly
+punctured; a spot between the antennae, the scape in front, and the
+clypeus yellow; the latter with a large black spot at its base,
+anteriorly deeply emarginate; wings fuscous; the tegulae with a
+rufo-testaceous spot at their outer margins; the tarsi and articulations
+of the legs ferruginous. Abdomen bright orange-red, with the third and
+following segments black; the base rugose, the second segment finely
+punctured, the rest much more strongly so.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+
+Group SOCIAL WASPS.
+
+Fam. VESPIDAE, _Steph._
+
+1. ISCHNOGASTER IRIDIPENNIS. _I._ rufescenti-fuscus flavo varius;
+vertice et metathorace nigris, alis subhyalinis et pulcherrime
+iridescentibus.
+
+_Male._ Length 7-1/4 lines. Head yellow, above the insertion of the
+antennae black; antennae black, with the scape, basal joint of the
+antennae, and the mandibles ferruginous; the flagellum obscurely
+ferruginous beneath; the clypeus produced at the apex into an acute
+tooth. Thorax pale ferruginous; the metathorax black, with a ferruginous
+spot on each side in front; the scutellum with a reddish-brown spot in
+the middle, the postscutellum yellow and subinterrupted in the middle;
+the sides of the thorax yellow anteriorly, the yellow portion with two
+black spots; the legs slightly variegated with yellow; wings subhyaline
+and brilliantly iridescent, the marginal cell with a fuscous cloud.
+Abdomen brown; the petiole pale testaceous at its apex and ferruginous
+beneath, longer than the head and thorax; the second segment has a
+yellow macula on each side, and, beneath, a smaller spot on each side in
+a line with the side spots; the first segment has its basal portion
+yellow beneath, and a blackish spot in the centre rather behind the
+middle.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This species in many particulars agrees with the _I. nitidipennis_ of
+Saussure, but differs in too many, I think, to be considered the same
+species; the second recurrent nervure is straight at the upper
+extremity, then curved towards the margin of the wing, and again
+straight at its lower extremity; the third submarginal cell is much
+wider than the fourth.
+
+Gen. ICARIA, _Sauss._
+
+1. Icaria maculiventris, _Sauss. Mon. Guepes Soc._ p. 23. 1.--Rhopalidia
+maculiventris, _Guer. Voy. Coq. Zool._ ii. pt. 2. _Ins_. p. 267, pl. 9.
+fig. 8.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; New Guinea.
+
+2. ICARIA NIGRA. _I._ nigra; clypeo antice angulato; metathorace concavo
+et transversim striato; alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 6 lines. Black, punctured and opake; the clypeus
+terminating in a sharp-pointed angle; the base and apex of the mandibles
+rufo-piceous; the scape ferruginous in front; the face with a thin,
+fine, griseous pubescence. Thorax slightly margined in front; an obscure
+testaceous spot on each side of the postscutellum, the metathorax
+concave and transversely striated; wings hyaline. Abdomen with a short
+petiole to the basal segment, which is very short and campanulate; at
+its posterior margin are two minute, obscure, pale spots; beneath, the
+margins of the apical segments are rufo-piceous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. ICARIA FASCIATA. _I._ nigra; clypei margine antico, maculis duabus
+postscutelli flavis; segmentis abdominis ad apicem flavo anguste
+fasciatis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Black; the clypeus angular in front, its
+anterior margin and a spot on the mandibles yellow; the antennae
+rufo-testaceous beneath. Thorax: the anterior margin of the prothorax
+slightly rebordered; the anterior coxae with a spot in front and two
+spots on the postscutellum yellow; the anterior and intermediate tibiae
+beneath, the tarsi beneath and the claw-joint entirely, ferruginous;
+wings hyaline with a fuscous stain along the anterior margin of the
+superior pair; the metathorax oblique and slightly concave, with an
+acute stout tooth on each side. Abdomen: the basal segment campanulate,
+the petiole short; a narrow yellow fascia on the apical margin of all
+the segments.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+4. ICARIA BRUNNEA. _I._ rufescenti-fusca; coxis femoribusque obscuris;
+alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 3-1/2 lines. Reddish-brown; head and thorax punctured,
+the abdomen finely rugose; the clypeus and mandibles pale ferruginous,
+the former with a darker spot in the middle, the anterior margin
+angular. The anterior margin of the prothorax slightly rebordered; the
+wings hyaline and iridescent, with a fuscous stain along the anterior
+margin of the superior pair; the metathorax abruptly truncate. Abdomen:
+the basal margin of the third and following segments black.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+5. ICARIA GRACILIS. _I._ nigra flavo variegata; abdominis segmento
+basali elongato, gracili et petiolato; alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 7 lines. Black; the scape in front, the sides and
+apical margin of the clypeus, and a spot at the base of the mandibles
+yellow; the cheeks reddish-yellow; the antennae ferruginous; the head
+covered with short griseous pubescence. Thorax with obscure ferruginous
+tints and a short griseous pubescence, most dense on the sides and
+beneath; the anterior margin of the prothorax, the tegulae, scutellum and
+postscutellum, a broad stripe on each side of the metathorax, the coxae,
+and the anterior and intermediate femora, at their apex beneath, yellow;
+the scutellum with a ferruginous stain in the middle, the postscutellum
+with a black stain, the coxae ferruginous above, the tibiae and tarsi
+ferruginous beneath; wings hyaline, with a fuscous stain along the
+anterior margin of the superior pair. Abdomen: a yellow fascia on the
+apical margin of the first and second segments; that on the following
+segments rufo-testaceous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+6. ICARIA UNICOLOR. _I._ rufescenti-fusca, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Reddish-brown, covered with a thin cinereous
+pubescence; the clypeus acutely angular anteriorly; the metathorax
+oblique and delicately striated transversely; wings fusco-hyaline; the
+petiole of the abdomen long, the segment campanulated and narrow.
+
+_Hab._ Key Island.
+
+Gen. POLISTES, _Latr._
+
+1. Polistes tepidus, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 271. 7.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Key Island; Solomon Islands; New Guinea; Australia.
+
+2. Polistes diabolicus, _Sauss. Mon. Guepes Soc._ 68. 26, t. 6. f. 7.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Java; Timor.
+
+3. Polistes stigma, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 261. 41.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Celebes; Ceram; India.
+
+_Var._ The specimens from Aru differ from the typical ones in wanting
+the two longitudinal yellow lines on the metathorax, which is entirely
+black. Saussure has a variety with the metathorax black between the
+lines; of two examples from Celebes, one has the yellow lines entire,
+the other has them abbreviated at half their length.
+
+4. POLISTES NIGRIFRONS. _P_. capite thoraceque nigris, flavo et
+ferrugineo variegatis; abdomine ferrugineo, segmentis basi nigris,
+marginibus apicalibus flavis.
+
+_Female._ Length 8 lines. Head and thorax black; the anterior margin of
+the clypeus angular and narrowly rufo-testaceous; the mandibles, palpi,
+and antennae ferruginous; the scape, and flagellum above, except the
+basal joint, fuscous; the outer orbits of the eyes with a narrow yellow
+line. The anterior margin of the prothorax slightly rebordered, the
+posterior margin ferruginous; the outer margin of the tegulae
+reddish-yellow; wings subhyaline with a fusco-ferruginous stain along
+the anterior margins of the superior pair; the metathorax finely
+striated transversely, and with two yellow stripes running upwards
+halfway from the base, the posterior margin of the pectus, tips of the
+coxae, the femora at their base and apex, the tibiae and tarsi beneath,
+ferruginous; tips of the femora, and tibiae above, yellowish. Abdomen
+ferruginous, with the base of the second and following segments black;
+the first and three following segments with a yellow fascia on their
+apical margins; beneath, the two basal segments entirely ferruginous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+This species is closely allied to the _P. fastidiosus_ of Saussure, and,
+notwithstanding the difference in colouring, may possibly, I think, be
+an extreme variety of that species.
+
+5. POLISTES ELEGANS. _P._ ferrugineus; capite thoraceque flavo variis;
+segmentis abdominis flavo marginatis.
+
+_Female._ Length 8 lines. Ferruginous; the clypeus, mandibles, cheeks,
+and the face, as high as the middle of the emargination of the eyes,
+yellow. Thorax: the margins of the prothorax, two longitudinal stripes
+on the mesothorax, the scutellum, postscutellum, and sides of the
+metathorax broadly, yellow; the legs beneath, the coxae and the sides of
+the thorax spotted with yellow; the intermediate and posterior coxae
+spotted with ferruginous or fusco-ferruginous; the metathorax finely
+striated transversely; the wings hyaline with the nervures ferruginous.
+Abdomen: the first and three following segments with yellow marginal
+fasciae, that on the fourth usually more or less obliterated.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Key Island.
+
+
+Fam. EVANIDAE, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. FOENUS, _Fabr._
+
+1. FOENUS GRACILIS. _F._ niger, facie lateribusque thoracis argenteo
+pilosis; pedibus anticis et intermediis pallide rufo-testaceis, tibiis
+posticis basi tarsisque albis; abdomine subtus rufo-testaceo.
+
+_Female._ Length 6 lines. Black; subopake; the face, sides of the thorax
+and beneath with silvery pubescence; the mandibles, palpi, and scape in
+front rufo-testaceous. Thorax: the anterior and intermediate legs
+rufo-testaceous, the femora having a darker stain above; the posterior
+legs black, with the base of the tibiae and the tarsi white. Abdomen
+rufo-testaceous beneath; the ovipositor white at its apex.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. STENOPHASMUS.
+
+Head globose; antennae longer than the body, and very slender and
+setaceous; the prothorax forming a slender neck; the anterior wings with
+one marginal and three submarginal cells; the femora slightly
+incrassate, not denticulate; the tarsi 5-jointed. Abdomen petiolated,
+the petiole as long as the abdomen; the ovipositor as long as the
+petiole and abdomen united.
+
+This genus is founded on the examination of a single individual, which
+in general appearance exactly resembles the smaller species of the genus
+_Megischus_; on examination, however, it will be found that it differs
+from that genus in the neuration of the anterior wings; its femora are
+not denticulate, in which character it differs from both _Megischus_ and
+_Stephanus_; with the latter genus it agrees in having 5-jointed tarsi.
+
+1. STENOPHASMUS RUFICEPS. _S._ niger; capite et antennarum basi rufis;
+ovipositore tarsisque pallide testaceis; petiolo abdominis cylindrico;
+alis subhyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Black, slightly shining; head globose, red and
+sprinkled with white hairs, and delicately striated transversely. Thorax
+sprinkled with white pubescence above, the sides more thickly clothed
+with the same; above, the thorax is transversely rugose, on the
+metathorax becoming more regularly striate; the metathorax has a central
+longitudinal carina and also one on each side; the legs sprinkled with
+erect white hairs; the tarsi pale rufo-testaceous with the claw-joint
+black; wings subhyaline, with a broad light-fuscous stain along the
+centre of the anterior pair; a hyaline streak crosses them at the base
+of the stigma. Abdomen: the petiole as long as the thorax, narrowest at
+the base of the abdomen; it is rugose at the base; the ovipositor pale
+testaceous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+
+Fam. ICHNEUMONIDAE, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. ICHNEUMON.
+
+1. ICHNEUMON INSULARIS. _I._ niger; capite thoraceque albo variegatis;
+abdominis segmentorum primo, secundo tertioque albo maculatis.
+
+Length 7-1/2 lines. Black; the orbits of the eyes, the face before the
+antennae, the mandibles and palpi yellowish-white; the flagellum with the
+joints from the 14th to 25th white. Thorax: a line on each side before
+the tegulae, a spot beneath the wings, two at the sides of the pectus,
+the anterior coxae in front, and a narrow line on each side of the
+scutellum yellowish-white; the anterior and intermediate legs and a spot
+beneath the posterior tibiae rufo-testaceous; the wings hyaline, the
+nervures black. Abdomen: a minute spot at the lateral apical margins of
+the three basal segments, and a large central one on the two apical
+segments, white.
+
+_Hab._ Key Island.
+
+Gen. CRYPTUS, _Fabr._
+
+1. CRYPTUS SCUTELLATUS. _C._ ferrugineus; tibiis posticis tarsisque albo
+annulatis; scutello tuberculato.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Ferruginous; the face testaceous-yellow, an
+elongate black spot on the vertex enclosing the ocelli and extending to
+the insertion of the antennae; the latter black, with the scape
+ferruginous in front. Thorax: the scutellum elevated, forming a
+compressed tubercle, its side view wedge-shaped; the wings hyaline the
+nervures black, the base of the wings yellowish; the apical joints of
+the intermediate tarsi, the tips of the posterior femora, the extreme
+base of the tibiae, their apical half, and the tarsi black; the
+intermediate portion of the tibiae yellow; the apical segment of the
+abdomen black.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. MESOSTENUS, _Grav._
+
+1. MESOSTENUS PICTUS. _M._ niger; capite thoraceque flavo striatis et
+punctatis; pedibus flavis nigro et ferrugineo lavatis; segmentis
+abdominalibus flavo marginatis; alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 8 lines. Black; a large ovate spot on the cheeks
+touching the mandibles, the labrum, palpi, inner orbits of the eyes, and
+from the 7th to the 10th joints of the antennae yellowish-white. Thorax:
+an ovate spot in the middle of the disk of the mesothorax, the tegulae, a
+spot beneath them, two larger spots beneath the wings, the scutellum, a
+spot on the postscutellum uniting with another at the base of the
+metathorax, a trilobed spot at its apex, and a subovate one on each side
+yellowish-white; the coxae white with black stains on the intermediate
+and posterior pairs; the femora white beneath, the anterior and
+intermediate pairs with a black line above, the posterior pair
+ferruginous above; the tibiae and tarsi whitish beneath, stained more or
+less fusco-ferruginous above; wings hyaline. Abdomen: all the segments
+with yellowish-white fasciae on their apical margins, the fasciae
+continued beneath; the ovipositor about the length of the abdomen, the
+valves broadest at their apex.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+2. MESOSTENUS AGILIS. _M._ niger; antennis medio albis; thorace
+pedibusque albo variegatis; abdominis marginibus fasciis albis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Black; the joints of the antennae, from the 6th
+to 13th, white, the vertex also white. Thorax: a spot in the middle of
+the disk of the mesothorax, the scutellum, a spot on the postscutellum,
+two beneath the wings, the apex of the metathorax, and a spot on each
+side white; the legs white, the anterior pair slightly fuscous above;
+the intermediate femora and tibiae beneath, and the tarsi above, black;
+the posterior femora above and beneath the tibiae, except their extreme
+base and the base and apex of the tarsi, black; wings hyaline, the
+nervures black. Abdomen: the apical margins of the segments, excepting
+the fourth and fifth, with white fasciae, the second and third fasciae
+attenuated in the middle.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. MESOSTENUS ALBOPICTUS. _M._ niger, albo varius; alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 7 lines. Black; the clypeus, mandibles, palpi, the
+joints of the antennae from the sixth to the thirteenth, and a broad
+stripe at the inner orbits of the eyes white. Thorax: an ovate spot on
+each side of the prothorax above, a similar spot in the middle of the
+mesothorax, the tegulae, scutellum and postscutellum, a T-shaped spot
+reversed on the metathorax, a large quadrate one on its sides, three
+irregular-shaped maculae beneath the wings, and the anterior and
+intermediate legs white, the legs with a black line above; the posterior
+legs have a large spot on the coxae behind, the trochanters, the tibiae,
+and tarsi white, the tibiae black at their apex, and the femora palish at
+their base outside; the wings hyaline and iridescent, with the nervures
+black. The abdomen beneath, and the apical margins of the segments
+above, white.
+
+_Male._ Rather smaller than the female, but only differs otherwise in
+the colour of the legs, the anterior and intermediate pairs being
+entirely yellowish-white, excepting the intermediate tibiae and tarsi,
+which are slightly fuscous above; the posterior femora are ferruginous,
+the tibiae and tarsi white, with the base and apex of the two former
+black as well as the apical joint of the tarsi.
+
+_Hab._ Key Island.
+
+Gen. PIMPLA, _Fabr._
+
+1. PIMPLA OCHRACEA. _P._ ochracea; antennis ferrugineis; facie lutea;
+alis hyalinis, apice fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Entirely ochraceous, with the face and scape
+in front yellow; the body beneath is pale ochraceous; the antennae
+ferruginous, above dusky; the eyes emarginate within; the tarsi have the
+tips of the claws black; the wings flavo-hyaline, with the apex of the
+anterior pair fuscous, the nervures black, becoming yellow at the base
+of the wings. The head, thorax, legs and base of the abdomen smooth and
+shining; the abdomen, except at the base, finely punctured; a transverse
+impressed row of punctures a little before the apical margin of each
+segment, and the space between impunctate.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+2. PIMPLA BRACONOIDES. _P._ rufo-flava; antennis tarsisque et abdominis
+dimidio posteriori nigris; alis fuscis, dimidio basali flavis.
+
+_Female._ Length 6 lines. Ferruginous; the posterior tarsi and the
+fourth and following segments of the abdomen black; the head is reddish
+yellow, the eyes brown; the scape and two or three of the basal joints
+of the flagellum ferruginous, the rest fuscous; the basal half of the
+wings flavo-hyaline, the apical half fuscous; the stigma yellow, with a
+subhyaline macula beneath, and two other similar irregular-shaped spots.
+The abdomen with two longitudinal carinae on the basal segment, and a
+transverse curved impressed line on the other segments.
+
+_Hab._ Key Island.
+
+This species might at first sight be mistaken for a species of the genus
+_Bracon_. The male only differs from the female in having the abdomen
+black, with only the basal segment yellow; the wings are only very
+slightly yellow at their base; it is also rather smaller.
+
+3. PIMPLA PENETRANS. _P._ flavo-ferruginea; flagello fusco; alis
+flavo-hyalinis, apice fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4-1/4 lines. Reddish yellow, smooth, and shining; the
+face testaceous, with slight fuscous stains; the scape and two or three
+of the basal joints of the flagellum yellow in front; the wings hyaline,
+with a yellowish tinge; the nervures black, except the costal nervure,
+which is ferruginous towards the base, the apex of the wings slightly
+clouded; the posterior tibiae fuscous above. Abdomen: the segments with
+slightly impressed oblique depressions, the ovipositor shorter than the
+abdomen, and black.
+
+The _Male_ only differs in having the abdomen rather more slender.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+4. PIMPLA FERRUGINEA. _P._ flavo-ferruginea; antennis supra fuscis; alis
+hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Ferruginous, with the head and thorax
+beneath yellow-testaceous; the coxae also are of the same colour; the
+flagellum slightly fuscous above; the wings flavo-hyaline, the nervures
+black; the two basal segments of the abdomen shining, the third and the
+following segments subopake; the ovipositor as long as the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Key Island.
+
+5. PIMPLA PLAGIATA. _P._ flavo-rufa; antennis strigisque tribus
+mesothoracis nigris; alis hyalinis, apice cellulae marginalis fusco
+unimaculato.
+
+_Female._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Yellow, the legs with ferruginous stains;
+the antennae black, with the scape yellow in front; the head with a large
+ovate black spot behind the ocelli. Thorax finely punctured on the disk
+of metathorax, which has three longitudinal broad black stripes, a
+narrow black line on the posterior margin of both the scutellum and
+postscutellum; wings hyaline, the nervures black, with a dark fuscous
+spot at the apex of the marginal cell. Abdomen reddish-yellow, with the
+apical margins of the segments yellow; the ovipositor black, and shorter
+than the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. RHYSSA, _Grav._
+
+1. RHYSSA MACULIPENNIS. _R._ rufescenti-flava; antennis et vertice
+nigris; alis hyalinis, plaga nigro-fusca.
+
+_Male._ Length 9 lines. Ferruginous; the head of a yellow testaceous,
+with the vertex and antennae black; the scape ferruginous in front; the
+mandibles black. Thorax: the mesothorax and scutellum transversely
+rugose, the former with two deeply impressed lines in front, which
+converge inwards, and meet in the middle of the disk; wings hyaline,
+with a yellow tinge on the anterior pair, the nervures black; a black
+stripe crosses the middle of the marginal cell, and terminates at the
+inferior margin of the discoidal cell; the legs ferruginous, with the
+posterior tarsi black. Abdomen smooth, shining, ferruginous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+2. RHYSSA VESTIGATOR. _R._ ferruginea; antennis, mesothorace,
+metathoracisque basi nigris; abdomine lineari, nitido et laevi; alis
+hyalinis, apice subfuscato.
+
+_Male._ Length 9 lines. Head testaceous-yellow, with the vertex
+ferruginous; the antennae fusco-ferruginous. Thorax black, with the
+prothorax, a large oblique spot beneath the wings, the scutellum, and
+metathorax yellow, the base of the latter black; the mesothorax and
+scutellum rugose; the metathorax smooth and shining; the legs
+ferruginous, with the anterior coxae in front and the posterior pair
+behind yellow; the posterior coxae black beneath; wings hyaline, faintly
+clouded at their apical margins. Abdomen elongate, linear, glossy,
+smooth, and shining, ferruginous, with the base and lateral margins
+blackish.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. BRACON, _Fabr._
+
+1. BRACON BASALIS. _B._ capite, thorace, pedibus anticis et intermediis,
+femoribus posticis ferrugineis; tibiis tarsisque et abdomine nigris,
+segmento basali flavo; alis fusco-hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4-1/4 lines. The head, scape in front, thorax, anterior
+and intermediate legs, the posterior coxae, trochanters, and femora, and
+the first segment of the abdomen, and a semicircular spot in the middle
+of the base of the second, yellow-ferruginous; the antennae, the
+posterior tibiae and tarsi, fuscous; abdomen shining black; the thorax
+smooth and shining; the wings fusco-hyaline. The basal segment of the
+abdomen with a longitudinal impressed line on each side, the second
+segment with an oblique depression, the third with an impressed line,
+curved forwards and extending to the lateral margins; the base of the
+segment has a row of short, deeply impressed striae; the ovipositor
+shorter than the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+2. BRACON ALBO-MARGINATUS. _B._ capite, thorace pedibusque ferrugineis;
+abdomine nigris annulis albo-marginatis; alis fusco-hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4-1/2 lines. Head, thorax, and legs ferruginous,
+smooth, and shining; antennae and abdomen black, the latter smooth and
+shining, the posterior margins of the third and following segments with
+a narrow bluish-white fascia; the posterior tarsi slightly fuscous; the
+wings fusco-hyaline; the ovipositor a little longer than the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+3. BRACON NIGRIPENNIS. _B._ thorace, pedibus anticis et intermediis,
+femoribusque posticis ferrugineis; tibiis tarsisque posticis et abdomine
+nigris; alis nigro-fuscis; capite luteo-testaceo.
+
+_Female._ Length 9 lines. Head testaceous, the antennae black. Thorax,
+anterior and intermediate legs, the posterior coxae, trochanters and
+femora, the tegulae, extreme base of the wings, and the base of the
+stigma ferruginous; the thorax smooth and shining; the wings
+brown-black, with a small hyaline spot in the first submarginal cell.
+Abdomen longitudinally aciculate, a central carina at the base of the
+first segment, the second segment with an oblique impressed line running
+from the lateral angles of its basal margin, and meeting in the centre
+of its posterior margin; the margins of all the segments constricted;
+the ovipositor shorter than the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+4. BRACON EXOLETUS. _B._ niger; capite, thorace, pedibus anterioribus et
+intermediis ferrugineis; alis subhyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Head, scape of the antennae, thorax, anterior
+and intermediate legs, ferruginous; flagellum and tips of the mandibles
+black. Thorax smooth and shining; wings fusco-hyaline, the nervures dark
+brown; the posterior legs fusco-ferruginous. Abdomen rugose and
+subopake; the basal segment black in the middle, with the base and
+lateral margins ferruginous, the sides deeply channeled; the second
+segment with an arrow-headed shining space in the middle of its base;
+the ovipositor shorter than the abdomen.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+5. BRACON ABDOMINALIS. _B._ rufo-flavus; antennis fuscis; alis
+subhyalinis; abdomine ovato.
+
+_Female._ Length 3 lines. Reddish yellow; head and thorax smooth and
+shining; the head narrower than the thorax; wings fusco-hyaline; abdomen
+ovate, broader than the thorax, the first and second segments rugose,
+with deep sculptured impressions; the second segment has an ovate
+shining space in the middle at its basal margin; the third segment is
+deeply depressed and sculptured at the base, leaving a transverse arched
+space at its apex, the width of the entire segment; the following
+segments have their margins very deeply depressed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+6. BRACON NITIDUS. _B._ niger; capite, thorace pedibusque et abdominis
+segmento primo ferrugineis, totis nitidissimis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4 lines. Ferruginous, with the flagellum, second and
+following segments shining black; the thorax smooth and shining, with
+the scutellum prominent; the wings subhyaline, their apical margins
+clouded, their extreme base yellowish, the nervures dark brown, the
+stigma black. Abdomen: the second and third segments with deeply
+impressed oblique lines on each side, and the basal margins of the
+following segments depressed.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+7. BRACON PALLIFRONS. _B._ niger; thorace pedibusque anticis et
+intermediis ferrugineis; alis fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Length 6 lines. Head obscure, testaceous yellow; the eyes
+brown; the antennae black. Thorax and the anterior and intermediate legs
+ferruginous; an ovate black spot on the metathorax; and the posterior
+legs black, with the articulations obscurely ferruginous; wings dark
+fuscous, with the nervures and stigma black, the base of the latter
+yellowish, and a hyaline streak beneath it, which crosses the first
+submarginal cell. Abdomen black and shining; the first segment with some
+coarse striae at the apex; the second with a central forked carina and
+an oblique one on each side running inwards to the apex of the segment;
+between the carinae are a number of deep grooves; the lateral margins of
+the three basal segments carinated; the third segment has a row of short
+deep striae at its base; the ovipositor longer than the body.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+8. BRACON INTRUDENS. _B._ niger; thorace, pedibus anticis intermediisque
+et abdominis segmento basali ferrugineis; alis hyalinis.
+
+_Female._ Length 5 lines. Black; the thorax, anterior and intermediate
+legs, the articulations of the posterior pair, and the base of the
+abdomen ferruginous, entirely smooth and shining; the wings subhyaline,
+the nervures fusco-ferruginous, an irregular fuscous stain at the base
+of the first submarginal cell, extending beyond it. Abdomen: the basal
+segment margined at the sides; the second segment with an oblique deeply
+impressed line running inwards, not quite meeting or extending to the
+apical margin.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. AGATHIS, _Latr._
+
+1. AGATHIS FUMIPENNIS. _A._ ferruginea; capite, abdominis apice
+tarsisque posticis nigris; alis obscure fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Length 4 lines. Reddish-yellow; the head, apical joint of the
+intermediate tarsi, the apex of the posterior tibiae, and the third and
+following segments of the abdomen black; the thorax and legs with a
+thin, short, pale fulvous pubescence; the head and abdomen smooth and
+shining; the head produced before the eyes into a kind of beak,
+rufo-piceous anteriorly. Thorax narrowed before the wings, which are
+dark fuscous, with a hyaline irregular mark below the stigma, crossing
+the submarginal cell; the anterior margin of the anterior wings
+pubescent; the metathorax broad, margined laterally, with a central
+forked carina, and a crooked one on each side; the posterior legs
+incrassate. Abdomen with the sides of the upper surface carinated.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+
+Fam. CHRYSIDIDAE, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. STILBUM, _Spin._
+
+1. Stilbum splendidum, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 170. 1.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Senegal; Java; Bengal.
+
+2. Stilbum amethystinum, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 176. 32.
+
+_Hab._ Aru; Australia.
+
+Fabricius includes this insect in the genus _Chrysis_; the typical
+specimen, however, proves that it belongs to the more modern genus
+_Stilbum_: it is very distinct from _S. splendidum_, being much more
+strongly and coarsely punctured; and the teeth which arm the apical
+segment are differently disposed on the margin.
+
+
+Fam. TENTHREDINIDAE, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. ORYSSUS, _Fabr._
+
+1. ORYSSUS MACULIPENNIS. _O._ niger, punctatus; pedibus ferrugineis;
+alis fuscis fascia hyalina ante cellulam marginalem sita.
+
+_Female._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Black; the head rugose, the front coarsely
+so, with a row of transverse tubercles running from the vertex along the
+inner orbits of the eyes, and crossing the front at half their length;
+the cheeks with a cinereous down, and a line of silvery-white pubescence
+or down, along the outer orbits of the eyes. Thorax coarsely punctured;
+the mesothorax with a central longitudinal smooth elevation; wings
+fuscous, with a broad transverse hyaline fascia before the base of the
+marginal cell, the tips of the wings hyaline; the legs ferruginous, with
+the coxae and trochanters black; the posterior tibiae with a double row of
+serrations outside. Abdomen shining and closely punctured; the base and
+apex coarsely so.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. XYPHIDRIA, _Latr._
+
+1. XYPHIDRIA RUFIPES. _X._ nigra; mandibulis, antennarum scapo,
+pedibusque ferrugineis; alis hyalinis et iridescentibus.
+
+_Female._ Length 4 lines. Black and shining; the vertex highly polished;
+the front from the posterior ocelli forwards closely punctured and
+opake; the mandibles, scape, and basal joint of the flagellum
+ferruginous. The thorax anteriorly punctured and opake, posteriorly
+shining, and with a few punctures at the base of the scutellum; wings
+hyaline and iridescent, the nervures black, the extreme base of the
+wings and the tegulae pale testaceous; the legs pale ferruginous, with
+the claws of the tarsi darker. Abdomen: the base of the segments
+depressed and very delicately and closely punctured, subopake; the
+apical half highly polished and shining; beneath obscurely rufo-piceous.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+Gen. TREMEX, _Jurine_.
+
+1. TREMEX INSIGNIS. _T._ nigro-purpureus; abdominis fasciis basalibus
+albis; alis nigris cupreo nitentibus.
+
+_Female._ Length 11 lines. Obscure steel-blue, with shades of green,
+purple and violet; the head and thorax punctured; the prothorax with an
+oblique smooth shining space on each side; the wings very dark brown,
+with a brilliant coppery effulgence. The base of the abdomen opake,
+velvety, purple-black; the first segment with a transverse
+cream-coloured fascia in the middle, the second very slightly whitish at
+its base; the rest of the abdomen is highly polished, and has a
+scattered, short, black pubescence.
+
+_Hab._ Aru.
+
+
+
+
+Note on Two Insect-products from Persia. By DANIEL HANBURY, Esq., F.L.S.
+
+[Read December 16th, 1858.]
+
+
+In the month of June last, my friend Professor Guibourt, of Paris, laid
+before the Academie des Sciences[G] some account of a remarkable
+substance called _Trehala_, the cocoon of a Curculionidous insect found
+in Persia, where, as well as in other parts of the East, it enjoys some
+celebrity as the basis of a mucilaginous drink administered to the sick.
+
+Specimens of this substance, as well as of another insect-product of
+Persia, together with the insects themselves, were presented a few years
+ago to the British Museum by W. K. Loftus, Esq., who obtained them while
+engaged by the British Government on the question of the Turco-Persian
+boundaries.
+
+The precise determination of the species of these insects being a matter
+of doubt, they have at my request been lately examined by M. Jekel, of
+Paris, an entomologist with whom the family of _Curculionidae_ has long
+been an especial study. One of these insects M. Jekel has identified
+with a species of wide distribution; the other proving undescribed, he
+has drawn up a description of it, which, accompanied by a figure, I have
+the honour to lay before the Linnean Society. To this, I venture to add
+a few observations upon the productions to which I have alluded.
+
+The first of these is _Trehala_ or _Tricala_, under which name it formed
+part of the Collection of Materia Medica sent by M. Della Sudda, of
+Constantinople, to the Paris Exhibition of 1855, and since deposited in
+the Ecole de Pharmacie in Paris.
+
+_Trehala_ (fig. 2) consists of cocoons of an ovoid or globular form,
+about 3/4 of an inch in length; their inner surface is composed of a
+smooth, hard, dusky layer, external to which is a thick, rough,
+tuberculated coating of a greyish-white colour and earthy appearance.
+Some of the cocoons have attached to them the remains of the tomentose
+stalk of the plant upon which they were formed; others have portions of
+a tomentose spiny leaf built into them; and, more rarely, one finds
+portions of the flowering heads of the plant, a species of _Echinops_,
+similarly enclosed. Many of the cocoons are open at one end and empty;
+others have a longitudinal aperture, originally closed by the stalk of
+the plant, and still contain the insect; a few are entirely closed.
+Specimens of this insect, extracted from the cocoons sent to Paris, were
+examined in 1856 by my friend Mr. W. Wilson Saunders, who pronounced
+them to be _Larinus maculatus_ of Faldermann,--a determination also
+arrived at by M. Jekel from specimens presented by Mr. Loftus to the
+British Museum. Respecting these latter, one of which is represented in
+fig. 1, M. Jekel makes the following remarks:--
+
+    "LARINUS MACULATUS, _Faldermann, Faun. Transcauc._ ii. p. 228, 449,
+    tab. 6. f. 10, et iii. p. 198.--_Schoenh. Gen. et Sp. Curcul._ iii.
+    p. 112 et vii. 2. p. 7.--_Hochhuth, Bull. Moscou_, 1847, No. 2. p.
+    538 (var. [Greek: gamma]).
+
+    "Var. [Greek: gamma]. _Larin. Onopordinis_, Sch. _loc. cit._ iii. p.
+    111 (excl. synon.).
+
+    "Of this species, Mr. Loftus captured several specimens, all of
+    small size: from some of them the pollinosity had been rubbed off,
+    as is represented in the figure by Mr. Ford (_vide_ fig. 1), which
+    shows only a part of the inferior layer of tomentum and the greyish
+    ground of the dorsal and lateral maculae; the latter, being the most
+    densely coloured in fresh specimens, are always the most persistent.
+    These belong to Schoenherr's var. [Greek: gamma], which that author
+    formerly regarded as the _Larinus Onopordinis_, Fabr. Others of Mr.
+    Loftus's specimens, which are very fresh, belong to var. [Greek:
+    beta]; none to the typical variety, which is often larger in size.
+
+    "This species has a very extended habitat: I have received it from
+    European Turkey (Frivaldski), Beyrouth, Caucasus, Persia (Dupont),
+    &c. &c.; and it is recorded by Schoenherr as also found in Barbary
+    and Portugal.
+
+    "This is the insect which proceeds from the rough chalky-looking
+    nidus figured by Mr. Ford. (_Vide_ fig. 2.)"
+
+The entomological question being so far disposed of, I may be permitted
+a few remarks upon the properties which have obtained for _Trehala_ a
+place among drugs and dietetic substances.
+
+The first author who gives any account of the substance is Father Ange,
+who, in his 'Pharmacopoea Persica[H],' describes it in the following
+terms:--"Est autem istud medicamentum veluti _tragea_ ex nucleo pistacii
+integro confecta; nam revera saccharum istud exterius corrugatum et
+agglomeratum adhaeret cuidam nucleo, in quo non fructus, sed vermiculus
+quidam nigricans Persice _C-hezoukek_ bombycis instar reconditur et
+moritur."
+
+Father Ange also states that the substance is called in Persian _Schakar
+tigal_ ([Persian script]), literally _Sugar of nests_; but his Arabic
+names, _Schakar el ma-ascher_ ([Arabic script]) and _Saccar el aschaar_,
+apply to an entirely different substance, namely to a saccharine matter
+exuded, after the punctures of an insect, from the stems of _Calotropis
+procera_, R. Br.[I], of which plant he gives a quaint but tolerably
+characteristic description.
+
+Mr. Loftus, who obtained the specimens which he presented to the British
+Museum, at Kirrind in Persia, in September, 1851, gives as the Persian
+name of the cocoons _Shek roukeh_--a term, probably, the same as the
+"_C-hezoukek_" (a misprint?) of Father Ange, but the signification of
+which I have not been able to discover.
+
+Another notice of the same substance, with a figure, is briefly given in
+Dr. Honigberger's 'Thirty-five Years in the East' (Lond. 1852, vol. ii.
+pp. 305-6), where we read that _Manna teeghul_ or _Shukure teeghal_,
+which are certain insect-nests of a hard texture, rough on the outside,
+smooth within, about half an inch in length, and of a whitish colour,
+are imported into Lahore from Hindostan.
+
+M. Bourlier published in 1857 an interesting note on the same
+substance[J], which has been followed by M. Guibourt's communication to
+the Academie des Sciences, and still later by a memoir on the chemical
+history of Trehala, by M. Marcellin Berthelot, also presented to the
+Academy[K].
+
+From the investigations of M. Guibourt, it appears that the cocoons are
+composed of a large proportion of starch (identical with that found in
+the stem of the _Echinops_, upon which the insect forms its nest), of
+gum, a peculiar saccharine matter, a bitter principle, besides earthy
+and alkaline salts.
+
+The saccharine principle, which has been especially examined by M.
+Berthelot, and named by him _Trehalose_, is a body analogous to
+cane-sugar, but possessing distinctive properties, which separate it
+from that and all other varieties of sugar.
+
+M. Bourlier states that _Trehala_, which is abundant in the shops of the
+Jew drug-dealers of Constantinople, is frequently used by the Arab and
+Turkish physicians in the form of a decoction, which is regarded by them
+as of peculiar efficacy in diseases of the respiratory organs.
+
+The second insect-product to which I would draw attention, is a
+saccharine substance resembling dark honey. Mr. Loftus, who obtained it
+near Kirrind, 13th July, 1851, and whose specimen is in the British
+Museum, states that it is exuded from a species of thistle when pierced
+by a Rhynchophorous insect; but he fails to inform us for what purposes
+it is used by the inhabitants.
+
+Mr. Loftus having also presented the Museum with excellent specimens
+both of the plant and insect, I am able to state that the former is
+_Echinops persicus_, Fisch., and the latter a new species of _Larinus_,
+to which M. Jekel has applied the name _Larinus mellificus_, and of
+which he has drawn up the following description:--
+
+    "LARINUS MELLIFICUS, _Jekel_ (fig. 3). Breviter ovatus, convexus,
+    niger, nitidus; infra subtiliter, lateribus thoracis margineque
+    elytrorum intus medio versus angulariter ampliata, apicem occupante
+    griseo-cinerascenti tomentosis; rostro leviter punctato, basi
+    utrinque bicanaliculato cum elevatione media lata subcariniformi;
+    thorace subconico antice tubulato, supra confertim sat rude
+    punctato, lateribus subrugoso; elytris striato-punctatis,
+    interstitiis latis, planis, transversim subtilissime rugulosis, cum
+    abdomine tenuissime alutaceis, punctis majoribus remotioribus
+    impressis; pectore, lateribus, pedibusque rugoso-punctatis,
+    femoribus infra fortiter oblique costato-rugosis; tibiis intus,
+    anticis fortius crenulatis. Long. (rostr. excl.) 16-18, lat. elytr.
+    8-9 mill.
+
+    "Patria--Persia, prope Kirrind, ubi _Echinopsidis_ speciem
+    frequentat, cujus plantae caules ab hoc insecto puncti materiam
+    quamdam saccharinam sudant." _W. K. Loftus_, Mus. Brit.
+
+[Illustration: Fig. 1.
+
+_Larinus maculatus_, Falderm.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig. 2.
+
+The cocoons of _Larinus maculatus_, called in Turkish _Trehala_.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig. 3.
+
+_Larinus mellificus_, Jekel.]
+
+Very similar to _L. Onopordinis_, but proportionably more elongate and
+less convex; rostrum and thorax longer; pilosity of the body underneath
+much thinner and shorter; thighs thicker, more clavate, the anterior
+evidently costate-rugose underneath; without whitish marks on the
+elytra, and without that layer of light-brown earth-like pollinose
+transudation which is often wanting in rubbed specimens of _Larinus
+Onopordinis_. The freshest specimens have the griseous margin of the
+elytra, which parts from the base under the shoulder, obliquely and
+angularly ampliate interiorly towards the middle, where it reaches the
+second stria. This griseous pilosity fills all the tips of the elytra,
+leaving bare only the sutures, an angular notch behind the middle (which
+forms with that apical part of the suture a kind of hook on each
+elytron), and two round spots, one submarginal fronting the tip of the
+notch, the other larger, discoidal, behind the foot of the notch, much
+above the tip.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[G] Comptes Rendus, 21 Juin, 1858, p. 1213.
+
+[H] Pharmacopoea Persica ex idiomate Persico in Latinum conversa. Lutet.
+Paris., 1681, p. 361.
+
+[I] This saccharine substance is noticed by Avicenna as _Zuccarum
+alhusar_ (Lib. ii. Tract. ii. cap. 756, ed. Valgr. Venet. 1564), and
+also by Matthiolus (Comm. in Lib. ii. Diosc. cap. 75). It is likewise
+referred to by Endlicher (Enchiridion Botanicum, p. 300), Royle
+(Illustr. of the Bot. of the Himalayan Mountains, vol. i. p. 275), Merat
+and De Lens (Dict. de Matiere Medicale, l. i. p. 467), &c.
+
+[J] Revue Pharmaceutique de 1856, par Dorvault, p. 37.
+
+[K] Comptes Rendus, 28 Juin 1858, p. 1276.
+
+
+
+
+Catalogue of the Heterocerous Lepidoptera collected at Singapore by Mr.
+A. R. WALLACE, with Descriptions of New Species. By FRANCIS WALKER,
+Esq., F.L.S.
+
+[Read Feb. 17, 1859.]
+
+
+Fam. URANIIDAE, _Westwood_.
+
+Gen. NYCTALEMON, _Dalman_.
+
+1. Nyctalemon Hector, _White, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ vii. 1771.
+
+Inhabits also Borneo.
+
+
+Fam. AGARISTIDAE, _Swainson_.
+
+Gen. EUSEMIA, _Dalman_.
+
+2. Eusemia maculatrix, _Westwood, Cat. Orient. Ent._ 67, pl. 33. f. 1.
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan and Java.
+
+3. Eusemia mollis, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ vii. 1774.
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan.
+
+
+Fam. ZYGAENIDAE, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. SYNTOMIS, _Illiger_.
+
+4. SYNTOMIS ANNOSA, n. s. _Foem._ Cinereo-fusca; capite, antennis apice,
+humeris abdominisque maculis lateralibus albis; alis maculis quatuor
+vitreis.
+
+_Female._ Cinereous brown. Head white. Antennae serrated, white towards
+the tips. Thorax with a large white spot on each side in front. Abdomen
+somewhat compressed towards the base, with white spots along each side.
+Wings long, with the discal areolets from the base to beyond the middle
+mostly vitreous, but having the veins bordered with brown. Length of the
+body 9 lines; of the wings 22 lines.
+
+5. SYNTOMIS CHLOROLEUCA, n. s. _Foem._ Nigro-viridis; fronte, antennis
+apice, humeris abdominisque fasciis duabus dorsalibus fasciisque
+ventralibus albis; alis purpureo-nigris, anticis maculis quatuor
+vitreis, posticis macula una vitrea.
+
+_Female._ Blackish-green. Front, antennae towards the tips, and two
+humeral spots white. Antennae simple. Abdomen with a white band at the
+base, and with another on the fifth segment, and with white ventral
+bands. Wings purplish-black; fore wings with four vitreous spots; the
+fore one of the interior pair not one-third of the size of the hind one,
+which is very long; the fore one of the exterior pair much narrower than
+the hind one, and accompanied at its inner end by an elongated vitreous
+point; hind wings with an elongated vitreous spot. Length of the body
+4-1/2 lines; of the wings 12 lines.
+
+6. SYNTOMIS XANTHOMELA, n. s. _Mas._ Nigra; fronte, thoracis margine
+antico abdominisque fasciis ochraceis; antennis apice albis, abdominis
+fasciculo pallide cinereo; alis anticis maculis quinque vitreis,
+posticis maculis duabus vitreis.
+
+_Male._ Black. Front, fore borders of the thorax and hind borders of the
+abdominal segments ochraceous; dorsal tuft pale cinereous, rather large.
+Antennae simple, white towards the tips. Fore wings with five vitreous
+spots, of which the basal one is small and round, and the other four
+large and elongated; the exterior pair intersected by the black veins.
+Hind wings with two vitreous spots, of which one is basal and the other
+discal. Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 9 lines.
+
+
+Fam. LITHOSIIDAE.
+
+Gen. NYCTEMERA, _Huebner_.
+
+7. NYCTEMERA MUNDIPICTA, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Fusca; capite thoraceque
+albo vittatis; abdomine albo guttis dorsalibus fuscis; alis anticis basi
+albo venosis, fascia exteriore obliqua postice abbreviata alba, posticis
+albis fusco marginatis. _Foem._ Thorace fascia postica lutea, abdomine
+fusco fasciis albis; alis anticis fascia latiore vix abbreviata.
+
+_Male._ Brown. Head and thorax with white lines. Antennae moderately
+pectinated. Pectus with black spots, luteous on each side. Abdomen
+white, with brown dorsal dots; tip luteous. Legs white. Fore wings with
+white veins towards the base, and with an exterior oblique white band,
+which is narrower hindward, and ends at some distance from the interior
+border. Hind wings white, with a broad brown border. _Female?_ Larger.
+Antennae slightly pectinated. Thorax with a slight luteous band in front,
+and another hindward. Abdomen brown, with a white band on the hind
+border of each segment; under side white, with brown spots along each
+side. Fore wings with the band much broader, hardly straightened
+hindward, and ending very near the interior border. Length of the body
+5-6 lines; of the wings 16-20 lines.
+
+Gen. CYCLOSIA, _Huebner_.
+
+8. CYCLOSIA SUBMACULANS, n. s. _Mas._ Nigra, velutina, squamis nonnullis
+cyaneis, subtus albo cyaneoque fasciata; alis anticis purpureo-nigris,
+punctis paucis exterioribus, alis posticis fuscis, punctis
+submarginalibus albis; alis quatuor subtus fuscis, guttis exterioribus
+et submarginalibus albis.
+
+_Male._ Black, with a few metallic blue specks, and with metallic
+bluish-white pectoral spots and ventral bands. Antennae slightly
+pectinated. Wings velvety, rather long, brown beneath, with an exterior
+and a submarginal row of white dots; fore wings purplish-black, with a
+few exterior and submarginal white points; hind wings brown, with
+submargiual white points. Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 28
+lines.
+
+9. CYCLOSIA NIVIPETENS, n. s. _Mas._ Cinereo-nigra; antennis
+cyaneo-nigris subpectinatis; alis anticis fascia lata submarginali alba.
+
+_Male._ Cinereous-black. Antennae bluish-black. Fore wings with a broad,
+submarginal, upright, white band, which is much narrower hindward, and
+is intersected by the black veins. Length of the body 7 lines; of the
+wings 22 lines.
+
+Gen. PIDORUS, _Walk._
+
+10. PIDORUS CONSTRICTUS, n. s. _Mas._ Cyaneo-niger, subtus testaceus;
+antennis pectinatis corpore vix brevioribus; thoracis margine antico
+coccineo; alis angustis, anticis fascia exteriore subrecta subobliqua
+flavo-alba, posticis cinereo-nigris.
+
+_Male._ Bluish-black, testaceous beneath. Antennae moderately pectinated,
+hardly shorter than the body. Thorax crimson along the fore border.
+Wings narrow, somewhat testaceous beneath towards the base; fore wings
+with a slightly oblique, hardly curved, yellowish-white exterior band;
+hind wings cinereous-black. Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 16
+lines.
+
+Gen. HYPSA, _Huebner_.
+
+11. Hypsa silvandra, _Cram. Pap. Exot._ iv. 155, pl. 369. f. D
+(Phalaena).
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan, China, and Australia.
+
+12. Hypsa egens, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ 11. 453. 12.
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan and Java.
+
+Gen. SETINA, _Schranck_.
+
+13. SETINA BIPUNCTATA, n. s. _Mas._ Flava; alis anticis punctis duobus
+basalibus guttaque discali nigris.
+
+_Male._ Yellow, closely allied to _S. apicalis_ (Cat. Lep. Het. 521).
+Fore wings black along the costa towards the base, where there are two
+black points; a small black dot at the tip of the discal areolet. Hind
+wings a little paler than the fore wings. Length of the body 3 lines; of
+the wings 8 lines.
+
+Gen. BIZONE, _Walk._
+
+14. Bizone hamata, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ 88. 5493.
+
+Inhabits also China.
+
+Gen. DEIOPEIA, _Stephens_.
+
+15. DEIOPEIA DETRACTA, n. s. _Foem._ Pallide lutea; thorace guttis
+nigris; alis sat angustis nigro guttatis, fimbria pallida nitente; alis
+anticis nigro transverse quadristrigatis.
+
+_Female._ Pale luteous. Thorax with six black dots. Wings narrower than
+in the other species of this genus, with black dots, of which the most
+part are towards the exterior border, where they form two irregular
+lines, and are somewhat confluent on the under side; fringe whitish,
+shining. Fore wings with four short transverse various black streaks, of
+which the first and the second form an interrupted line. Length of the
+body 5 lines; of the wings 14 lines.
+
+Gen. DARANTASIA, n. g.
+
+_Foem. Corpus_ sat robustum. _Proboscis_ distincta. _Palpi_ porrecti,
+breves, caput non superantes; articulus tertius longiconicus, acutus,
+secundi dimidio non longior. _Antennae_ setaceae, simplices, gracillimae.
+_Abdomen_ subconicum, alas posticas superans; sexualia sat magna.
+_Pedes_ breves, nudi, sat validi, calcaribus robustis sat longis. _Alae_
+breviusculae, sat angustae; anticae apud costam convexae, apice rotundatae,
+margine exteriore perobliquo.
+
+Allied to _Lemyra_ (Cat. Lep. Het. vii. 1690).
+
+_Female._ Body rather stout. Proboscis moderately long. Palpi porrect,
+short, not extending beyond the head; third joint elongate-conical,
+acute, about half the length of the second. Antennae setaceous, simple,
+very slender, full half the length of the body. Abdomen nearly conical,
+extending somewhat beyond the hind wings; anal appendages rather large.
+Legs short, bare, rather stout; spurs stout, rather long. Wings rather
+short and narrow; fore wings convex along the costa, rounded at the
+tips, extremely oblique along the exterior border.
+
+16. DARANTASIA CUNEIPLENA, n. s. _Mas._ Nigra; corpore subtus, capite,
+thoracis fasciis duabus anticis maculaque postica abdominisque fasciis
+posticis luteis; pedibus luteis, tibiis supra nigris; alis anticis luteo
+octo-strigatis, posticis luteo strigatis.
+
+_Male._ Black, mostly luteous beneath. Head luteous. Thorax with two
+luteous bands in front, and with a luteous spot hindward. Abdomen with
+luteous bands hindward. Legs luteous; tibiae black above. Fore wings with
+eight wedge-shaped luteous streaks, of which three are near the base,
+two subcostal, two hindward, and one submarginal and transverse. Hind
+wings with three luteous streaks, of which the first and second are
+connected exteriorly, and the third is short, broad, and submarginal.
+Length of the body 3-1/2 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+
+Fam. LIPARIDAE, _Boisduval_.
+
+Gen. ARTAXA, _Walk._
+
+17. ARTAXA VARIANS, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ iv. 796.
+
+Inhabits also West Africa, Hindostan, and China.
+
+Gen. PANTANA, _Walk._
+
+18. PANTANA BICOLOR, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ iv. 820.
+
+_Note._--_P. dispar_, a native of Hindostan, and _P. ampla_, a native of
+China, may be varieties of this species.
+
+
+Fam. NOTODONTIDAE, _Stephens_.
+
+Gen. DARABITTA, n. g.
+
+_Foem._ _Corpus_ vix robustum. _Proboscis_ brevis. _Palpi_ longiusculi,
+oblique ascendentes, non pilosi. _Antennae_ validae, subcompressae,
+breviusculae, simplices. _Abdomen_ conicum, alas posticas non superans.
+_Pedes_ squamosi, laeves, brevinusculi, sat graciles, calcaribus longis.
+_Alae_ latiusculae, non longae; anticae apud costam rectae, apice
+subrotundatae, margine exteriore vix convexo.
+
+This genus hardly belongs to the _Notodontidae_; but its precise
+situation seems to be uncertain. _Female._ Body hardly stout. Proboscis
+short. Palpi rather long and slender, not pilose, obliquely ascending,
+rising a little higher than the vertex; third joint elongate-conical,
+less than half the length of the second. Antennae stout, bare, slightly
+compressed, little longer than the thorax; joints few. Abdomen conical,
+not extending beyond the hind wings. Legs squamous, smooth, rather short
+and slender; spurs long. Wings rather broad, not long; fore wings
+straight along the costa, slightly rounded at the tips; exterior border
+hardly convex, very slightly oblique.
+
+19. DARABITTA STRIGICOSTA, n. s. _Foem._ Rufa, vix cinerascens; alis
+anticis linea submarginali e punctis nigris, lineolis tribus costalibus
+obliquis albis, prima angulata, secunda tertiaque connexis.
+
+_Female._ Red, with a slight cinereous tinge, more cinereous beneath.
+Antennae pale. Fore wings with three white oblique costal streaks; first
+streak forming an outward angle; second connected in the disk with the
+third, which is oblique in the contrary direction; a row of submarginal
+black points. Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 8 lines.
+
+
+Fam. LIMACODIDAE, _Duponchel_.
+
+Gen. MIRESA, _Walk._
+
+20. MIRESA CURVIFERA, n. s. _Mas._ Rufa, crassa, brevis; antennis late
+pectinatis; alis anticis linea exteriore arcuata nivea, spatio contiguo
+exteriore obscuriore.
+
+_Male._ Red, thick, short. Palpi porrect, extending a little beyond the
+head. Antennae shorter than the thorax, broadly pectinated except towards
+the tips. Abdomen short, obtuse, not extending beyond the hind wings.
+Legs short. Wings not broad. Fore wings straight along the costa,
+rounded at the tips, darker on the exterior side of a curved transverse
+bright white line, which is somewhat beyond the middle; exterior border
+rather oblique. Hind wings a little paler than the fore wings. Length of
+the body 4-1/2 lines; of the wings 12 lines.
+
+
+Fam. SATURNIIDAE, _Walk._
+
+Gen. ATTACUS, _Linn._
+
+21. ATTACUS ATLAS, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 808.
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan, Ceylon, China, and Borneo.
+
+
+Fam. BOMBYCIDAE.
+
+Gen. BOMBYX, _Linn._
+
+22. BOMBYX SUBNOTATA. _Mas._ Ferruginea, crassa; antennis late
+pectinatis; abdominis apice laminis lateralibus fimbriatis; alis anticis
+margine exteriore subundulato subexciso, macula subtus costali
+subapicali flava.
+
+_Male._ Ferruginous, thick, pilose. Mouth obsolete. Antennae broadly
+pectinated. Abdomen much more slender than the thorax, not extending
+beyond the hind wings; anal lateral appendages fringed. Legs short,
+stout. Fore wings rounded at the tips, extremely oblique along the
+exterior border, which is slightly angular in the middle and slightly
+excavated on each side; under side with a yellow costal spot near the
+tip. Hind wings with the interior border densely fringed towards the
+tip. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 16 lines.
+
+
+Fam. LEUCANIDAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. MYTHIMNA, _Huebner_.
+
+23. MYTHIMNA INDUCENS, n. s. _Foem._ Lateritio-rufa, subtus albida;
+palporum articulo tertio brevissimo; abdomine rufescenti-cano; alarum
+anticarum puncto discali nigro, lineis duabus nigricantibus subarcuatis
+indistinctis, alis posticis rufescenti-canis.
+
+_Female._ Brick-red colour, mostly whitish beneath. Palpi obliquely
+ascending, not rising to the height of the vertex; third joint extremely
+small, less than one-sixth of the length of the second. Abdomen
+reddish-hoary, extending but little beyond the hind wings. Legs stout,
+squamous; spurs moderately long. Fore wings very slightly convex along
+the costa, rectangular at the tips; exterior border slightly oblique,
+nearly straight; two slender, indistinct, slightly curved, blackish
+lines, having between them a more distinct black discal point. Hind
+wings reddish-hoary, the reddish tinge most prevalent towards the
+exterior border. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 18 lines.
+
+
+Fam. GONOPTERIDAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. ANOMIS, _Huebner_.
+
+24. ANOMIS MUTILATA, n. s. _Mas._ Rufa, robusta, subtus
+rufescenti-cinerea; palpis longis subascendentibus; abdomine latiusculo;
+alarum anticarum lineis tribus indistinctis angulosis nigricantibus,
+orbiculari alba punctiformi, margine exteriore postico perobliquo
+subexcavato.
+
+_Male._ Red, stout, reddish cinereous beneath. Palpi long, obliquely
+ascending; third joint slender, linear, obtuse at the tip, a little
+shorter than the second. Antennae stout, with extremely short setae.
+Abdomen rather broad, extending a little beyond the hind wings. Fore
+wings with three blackish, indistinct, slightly diffuse, zigzag lines,
+which are slightly bordered hindward with pale yellow; orbicular mark
+white, punctiform; exterior border slightly angular, hardly oblique, and
+slightly truncated on the fore half, extremely oblique and with two
+slight excavations on the hind half; fringe partly white. Hind wings not
+paler than the fore wings. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 18
+lines.
+
+Gen. THALATTA, _Walk._
+
+25. Thalatta aurigutta, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ xv. 1793.
+
+
+Fam. HYPOGRAMMIDAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. BRIARDA, _Walk._
+
+26. BRIARDA PLAGIFERA, n. s. _Mas._ Ferrugineo-cinerea; capite
+thoraceque antico nigricantibus; tibiis ciliatis; alis sat angustis
+subdenticulatis, anticarum fascia basali, macula discali maculaque
+costali exteriore nigricantibus, lineis exteriore et submarginali fuscis
+duplicatis denticulatis subnebulosis; alis posticis pallide cinereis,
+semihyalinis, fusco latissime marginatis.
+
+_Male._ Cinereous, tinged with ferruginous. Head and fore part of the
+thorax blackish. Palpi obliquely ascending; third joint linear, conical
+at the tip, about half the length of the second. Antennae hardly setose.
+Abdomen extending a little beyond the hind wings. Legs rather stout;
+tibiae fringed; spurs very long. Wings rather narrow, slightly
+denticulated. Fore wings slightly rounded at the tips, very oblique
+along the exterior border; a blackish band near the base, abbreviated
+hindward; a large blackish spot on the reniform mark, and a diffuse
+blackish spot near the tip of the costa; exterior and submarginal lines
+brown, double, denticulated, with the space along their borders somewhat
+clouded. Hind wings pale cinereous, semihyaline, with very broad brown
+borders. Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 22 lines.
+
+
+Fam. CATEPHIDAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. STEIRIA, _Walk._
+
+27. STEIRIA PHRYGANEOIDES, n. s. _Mas._ Pallide cinerea, rufescente
+conspersa; palpis longis vix ascendentibus; alis sat angustis
+denticulatis; alarum anticarum squamis nonnullis nigris fuscisque,
+marginibus exteriore et interiore non conspersis, reniformi magna; alis
+posticis pallide cinereis, fusco late marginatis.
+
+_Male._ Pale cinereous, thickly speckled with ferruginous red. Palpi
+long, hardly ascending, almost straight; third joint linear, obtuse at
+the tip, rather shorter than the second. Antennae bare. Abdomen conical,
+extending rather beyond the hind wings; apical tuft small. Legs rather
+long and slender, almost bare; spurs very long. Wings rather narrow;
+exterior border denticulated. Fore wings with the speckles mostly
+confluent in the disk, mostly wanting along the interior and exterior
+borders; several black and brown speckles, some of which border the
+large reniform mark. Hind wings pale cinereous, with a broad brown
+border. Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 20 lines.
+
+
+Fam. OPHIDERIDAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. OPHIDERES, _Boisduval_.
+
+28. Ophideres Salaminia, _Cram. Pap. Exot._ 71. 117, pl. 174. fig. A.
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan, Ceylon, Java, and China.
+
+29. Ophideres discrepans, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ xiii. 1227.
+
+30. Ophideres smaragdipicta, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ xiii. 1229.
+
+
+Fam. PHYLLODIDAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. LYGNIODES, _Guenee_.
+
+31. Lygniodes endoleuca, _Guen. Noct._ iii. 124.
+
+Inhabits also Java.
+
+
+Fam. EREBIDAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. SYPNA, _Guenee_.
+
+32. Sypna subsignata, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ xiv. 1261.
+
+
+Fam. OMMATOPHORIDAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. PATULA, _Guenee_.
+
+33. Patula macrops, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 225 (Noctua).
+
+Inhabits also West and South Africa, Madagascar, Hindostan, and Ceylon.
+
+Gen. ARGIVA, _Huebner_.
+
+34. Argiva hieroglyphica, _Drury, Ins. Exot._ 11. 3, pl. 2. f. 1
+(Noctua).
+
+Inhabits also Madagascar, Hindostan, and Ceylon.
+
+
+Fam. OPHIUSIDAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. CAECILA, _Walk._
+
+35. Caecila complexa, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ xv. 1825.
+
+Gen. OPHISMA, _Guenee_.
+
+36. Ophisma Umminia, _Cram. Pap. Exot._ 111. 137, pl. 267. f. 7
+(Noctua).
+
+Inhabits also Java and Sumatra.
+
+Gen. ACHAEA, _Huebner_.
+
+37. Achaea mercatoria, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 111. 2, 62. 175. (Noctua).
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan and Java.
+
+
+Fam. THERMESIDAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. THERMESIA, _Huebner_.
+
+38. THERMESIA? RECUSATA, n. s. _Mas._ Rufescenti-cinerea, robusta,
+nigricante conspersa, capite thoraceque antico fuscis; palpis
+longissimis ascendentibus subarcuatis; antennis subsetosis, alis linea
+exteriore recta obliqua nigricante extus diffusa, linea interiore tenui
+subarcuata nigricante, linea submarginali e punctis lineaque marginali
+nigris.
+
+_Male._ Reddish cinereous, stout, with blackish speckles. Head and fore
+part of the thorax brown. Frontal tuft acute. Palpi very long, slightly
+curved, nearly vertical; third joint linear, acute, shorter than the
+second. Antennae slightly setose. Abdomen hardly extending beyond the
+hind wings. Wings with the speckles here and there confluent; lines
+blackish; interior line slender, slightly curved; exterior line
+straight, oblique, diffuse on the outer side, extending almost to the
+tips of the fore wings; submarginal line represented by points; marginal
+line slightly undulating. Fore wings rectangular at the tips; exterior
+border slightly bent; its fore part not oblique; orbicular and reniform
+marks indistinct. Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 16 lines.
+
+Gen. HYPERNARIA, _Guenee_.
+
+39. HYPERNARIA DIFFUNDENS, n. s. _Foem._ Cinerea, robusta, fusco
+conspersa; palporum articulo secundo extus fusco, tertio aciculari
+longissimo, alarum lineis interiore et exteriore vagis dentatis lineaque
+media recta sat obliqua squamis fuscis, punctis marginalibus atris, alis
+anticis acutis, orbiculari punctiformi atra, litura reniformi angusta
+fusco marginata extus excavata.
+
+_Female._ Cinereous, stout, speckled with brown. Palpi very slightly
+curved; second joint brown on the outer side; third acicular, a little
+shorter than the second. Antennae minutely setose. Abdomen not extending
+beyond the hind wings. Wings with the interior and exterior lines
+angulose, diffuse, composed of brown speckles; middle line more oblique,
+straight, slender, double, obsolete towards the costa of the fore wings,
+bordered with diffuse angular streaks of brown speckles; marginal points
+deep black. Fore wings acute; orbicular mark black, punctiform; reniform
+narrow, brown, bordered, excavated on the outer side; exterior border
+slightly convex. Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 22 lines.
+
+Gen. UGIA, _Walk._
+
+40. Ugia disjungens, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ xv. 1860.
+
+
+Fam. PLATYDIDAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. MASCA, _Walk._
+
+41. Masca abactalis, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ xvi. 9.
+
+
+Fam. HYPENIDAE, _Herr.-Schaeffer_.
+
+Gen. HYPENA, _Schranck_.
+
+42. Hypena ruralis, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ xvi. 65.
+
+Inhabits also Ceylon.
+
+Gen. MACNA, _Walk._
+
+43. Macna pomalis, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ xvi. 78.
+
+
+Fam. MARGARODIDAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. MARGARODES, _Guenee_.
+
+44. Margarodes Amphitritalis, _Guen. Delt. et Pyral._ 307, 327.
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan.
+
+Gen. NEURINA, _Guenee_.
+
+45. Neurina Procopialis, _Cram. Pap. Exot._ iv. 152, pl. 368. f. E.
+(Phalaena Pyralis Procopia.)
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan and Java.
+
+
+Fam. ENNOMIDAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. BULONGA, n. g.
+
+_Corpus_ gracile. _Proboscis_ brevissima. _Palpi_ breves, porrecti,
+angulati. _Antennae_ simplices. _Abdomen_ conicum. _Pedes_ graciles,
+nudi, calcaribus non longis, tibiis anticis brevissimis. _Alae_ sat latae;
+anticae acutae, margine exteriore sat obliquo; posticae abdomen superantes.
+
+Body slender. Proboscis very short. Palpi as long as the breadth of the
+head; second joint obliquely ascending; third porrect, rather shorter
+than the second, with which it forms an obtuse angle. Antennae simply
+filiform. Abdomen conical. Legs slender, bare; spurs rather short; fore
+tibiae very short. Wings rather broad; fore wings rectangular at the
+tips; costa hardly convex; exterior border rather oblique. Hind wings
+with the interior angle prominent, acute.
+
+46. BULONGA SCHISTACEARIA, n. s. _Foem._ Glauco-cinerea, alis
+nitentibus, linea marginali nigra fimbria interlineata, anticis fusco
+quadrilineatis, posticis trilineatis.
+
+_Female._ Glaucous-cinereous, paler beneath. Head and palpi reddish.
+Wings shining; marginal line black; fringe pale cinereous, including a
+darker line. Fore wings with four straight oblique brown lines; second
+line broader than the first, apparent also on the hind wings; third
+narrower and darker than the others, blackish, and still more distinct
+on the hind wings, where it is bordered with whitish on the outer side;
+fourth more indistinct than the others, still more indistinct on the
+hind wings. Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 16 lines.
+
+
+Fam. AMPHIDASYDAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. DARISTANE, n. g.
+
+_Mas._ _Corpus_ robustum. _Proboscis_ brevissima. _Palpi_ validi, breves
+obtusi, oblique ascendentes; articulus tertius minimus. _Antennae_
+setaceae, simplices. _Abdomen_ conicum, alas posticas non superans.
+_Pedes_ validi, breviusculi; tibiae anticae brevissimae, posteriores
+latissimae, calcaribus longis. _Alae_ breviusculae, sat latae; anticae
+acutae.
+
+_Male._ Body robust. Proboscis very short. Palpi short, stout, obtuse,
+obliquely ascending; third joint very small. Antennae setaceous, simple.
+Abdomen conical, not extending beyond the hind wings. Legs stout, rather
+short; tibiae pilose; fore tibiae very short; posterior tibiae very broad,
+especially the middle pair. Wings rather short, moderately broad. Fore
+wings straight along the costa, acutely rectangular at the tips;
+exterior border rather oblique.
+
+47. DARISTANE TIBIARIA, n. s. _Mas._ Cinerea, nitens, alis nigro
+conspersis, fascia media rufescente non bene determinata, anticis costa
+albida nigro punctata.
+
+_Male._ Cinereous, shining, a little paler beneath. Wings speckled with
+black; an indistinct oblique reddish middle band; costa of the fore
+wings whitish, with black points. Length of the body 5 lines; of the
+wings 12 lines.
+
+
+Fam. PALYADAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. EUMELEA, _Duncan_.
+
+48. Eumelea Rosaliata, _Cram. Pap. Exot._ iv. 152, pl. 368. f. F.
+(Phalaena Geometra Rosalia.)
+
+Inhabits also Amboyna.
+
+
+Fam. EPHYRIDAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. EPHYRA, _Duponchel_.
+
+49. EPHYRA QUADRISTRIARIA, n. s. _Foem._ Rufescens, subtus flava, alis
+flavis rufescente conspersis, fascia exteriore perobliqua rufescente,
+anticis acutis, lituris duabus costalibus obliquis fuscis.
+
+_Female._ Reddish, yellow beneath. Proboscis short. Palpi short,
+slightly ascending; third joint linear, obtuse, a little shorter than
+the second. Antennae short, stout, setaceous. Abdomen not extending
+beyond the hind wings. Legs bare, rather long and slender; spurs long.
+Wings yellow, with reddish speckles, and with a straight reddish band,
+which extends from beyond the middle of the interior border of the hind
+wings to the tips of the fore wings. Fore wings acute, with two oblique
+brown costal marks; exterior border rather oblique. Length of the body 4
+lines; of the wings 12 lines.
+
+Gen. ANISODES, _Guenee_.
+
+50. ANISODES EXPUNCTARIA, n. s. _Foem._ Luteo-cervina, palpis longis
+angulatis, antennis breviusculis, alis ferrugineo subconspersis, linea
+media fusca undulata valde indistincta, lineis interiore et exteriore e
+punctis nigris, punctis marginalibus nigris.
+
+_Female._ Pale luteous fawn colour. Proboscis short. Palpi long,
+slightly decumbent; third joint a little shorter than the second, with
+which it forms an obtuse angle. Antennae simple, short. Wings minutely
+and indistinctly sprinkled with ferruginous; a brown, diffuse,
+undulating, very indistinct middle line, which is obsolete in the hind
+wings; interior and exterior lines indicated by widely separated black
+points; marginal points black. Fore wings rectangular at the tips;
+exterior border slightly oblique. Length of the body 6 lines; of the
+wings 8 lines.
+
+
+Fam. ACIDALIDAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. SYNEGIA, _Guenee_.
+
+51. Synegia botydaria, _Guen. Uran. et Phal._ i. 423. 694.
+
+Inhabits also Borneo.
+
+Gen. DRAPETODES, _Guenee_.
+
+52. Drapetodes mitaria, _Guen. Uran. et Phal._ i. 424. 695.
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan.
+
+Gen. TIMANDRA, _Duponchel_.
+
+53. TIMANDRA AJAIA, n. s. _Mas._ Glaucescenti-cinerea; antennis setosis,
+alis linea perobliqua fusca antice abbreviata, linea marginali nigra,
+anticis valde acutis, reniformi tenui fusca.
+
+_Male._ Cinereous, with a glaucous tinge. Proboscis short. Palpi very
+short, obliquely ascending; third joint extremely small. Antennae setose,
+somewhat shorter than the body. Wings with a straight, very oblique,
+brown line, which extends from the middle of the interior border of the
+hind wings towards the tip of the fore wings, on approaching which it is
+obsolete; marginal line black. Fore wings very acute; exterior border
+extremely oblique; reniform mark brown, very slender. Hind wings
+extending beyond the abdomen. Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings
+17 lines.
+
+Gen. ZANCLOPTERYX, _Herr.-Schaeffer_.
+
+54. Zanclopteryx saponaria, _Herr.-Schaeffer, Guen. Uran. et Phal._ 11.
+16, 915.
+
+Inhabits also Ceylon.
+
+
+Fam. MICRONIDAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. MICRONIA, _Guenee_.
+
+55. Micronia rectinervata, _Guen. Uran. et Phal._ 11. 27, 933.
+
+
+Fam. ZERENIDAE.
+
+Gen. STALAGMIA, _Guenee_.
+
+56. Stalagmia guttaria, _Guer. Icon. Regn. Anim. Ins._ pl. 90 (Phalaena).
+
+
+
+
+Catalogue of the Heterocerous Lepidopterous Insects collected at Malacca
+by Mr. A. R. WALLACE, with Descriptions of New Species. By FRANCIS
+WALKER.
+
+
+Fam. SPHINGIDAE, _Leach_.
+
+Gen. MACROGLOSSA, _Ochsenheimer_.
+
+1. Macroglossa Passalus, _Drury, Exot. Ins._ ii. 52, pl. 29. f. 2
+(Sphinx).
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan and Java.
+
+2. Macroglossa corythus, _Boisd. MSS._; _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ viii. 92.
+14.
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan, Ceylon, and Java.
+
+
+Fam. AGARISTIDAE, _Swainson_.
+
+Gen. EUSEMIA, _Dalman_.
+
+3. Eusemia maculatrix, _Westw._ (See Singapore Sp. No. 2.)
+
+4. Eusemia mollis, _Walk._ (See Singapore Sp. No. 3.)
+
+5. EUSEMIA SUBDIVES, n. s. _Mas._ Atra, antennis subpectinatis, abdomine
+fasciis luteis, alis anticis fascia exteriore recta non obliqua
+testacea; posticis ochraceis atro marginatis.
+
+_Male._ Deep black. Antennae slightly pectinated, slightly hooked at the
+tips. Abdomen with a luteous band on the hind border of each segment.
+Fore wings with an upright, straight, testaceous exterior band, which
+does not extend to the interior border. Hind wings bright ochraceous,
+with a deep black border, which is irregular on the inner side and is
+joined in front to a black spot, the latter, on the under side,
+containing a white curved line. Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings
+28 lines.
+
+
+Fam. LITHOSIIDAE, _Stephens_.
+
+Gen. NYCTEMERA, _Huebner_.
+
+6. Nyctemera tripunctaria, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 864. 226 (Geometra).
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan and China.
+
+Gen. EUSCHEMA, _Huebner_.
+
+7. Euschema subrepleta, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ xi. 406. 3.
+
+Inhabits also Ceylon and Borneo.
+
+
+Fam. LIPARIDAE, _Boisduval_.
+
+Gen. PANTANA.
+
+8. Pantana bicolor, _Walk._ (See Singapore Sp. No. 17.)
+
+
+Fam. ORTHOSIDAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. CAREA, _Walk._
+
+9. Carea varipes, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ x. 475.
+
+
+Fam. HYBLAEIDAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. HYBLAEA, _Fabr._
+
+10. Hyblaea tortricoides, _Guen. Noct._ ii. 391.
+
+Inhabits also Borneo.
+
+11. Hyblaea erycinoides, _Walk. Cat. Lep. Het._ xv. 1792.
+
+
+Fam. PHYLLODIDAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. LYGNIODES, _Guenee_.
+
+12. Lygniodes endoleuca, _Guen._ (See Singapore Sp. No. 30.)
+
+
+Fam. OPHIUSIDAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. OPHIUSA, _Ochsenheimer_.
+
+13. Ophiusa fulvotaenia, _Guen. Noct._ iii. 272. 1710.
+
+Inhabits also Hindostan, Ceylon, Java, and Sumatra.
+
+
+Fam. THERMESIDAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. COTUZA, _Walk._
+
+14. COTUZA CONFIRMATA, n. s. _Mas._ Cinereo-ferruginea, robusta, dense
+vestita, subtus alba; palpis latis compressis oblique ascendentibus;
+articulo tertio minimo, antennis plus dimidio basali subpectinatis, alis
+linea, media recta perobliqua nigro-fusca antice angulosa et retracta,
+linea exteriore e denticulis nigro-fuscis albido terminatis, fimbria
+apice alba, alis anticis subhamatis, linea interiore nigro-fusca
+undulata orbiculari nigra punctiformi, reniformi et litura costali albis
+nigro marginatis.
+
+_Male._ Cinereous-ferruginous, stout, densely pilose, white beneath.
+Palpi broad, compressed, obliquely ascending, not rising higher than the
+head; third joint obtuse, extremely short. Antennae slightly pectinated
+to nearly two-thirds of the length, bare from thence to the tips.
+Abdomen not extending beyond the hind wings. Legs white; tibiae
+ferruginous above. Wings ample; a blackish brown, straight, very oblique
+line, which is zigzag, and retracted towards the costa of the fore
+wings; exterior line composed of blackish-brown, very acute,
+whitish-pointed angles; fringe white exteriorly. Fore wings slightly
+hooked, with an interior undulating blackish-brown line; orbicular mark
+black, punctiform; reniform white, black-bordered, forming a triangular
+spot and an anterior point; a small exterior white costa, with mark.
+Length of the body 11 lines; of the wings 28 lines.
+
+
+Fam. ACIDALIDAE, _Guenee_.
+
+Gen. ZANCLOPTERYX, _Herr.-Schaeff._
+
+15. Zanclopteryx saponaria, _Herr.-Schaeff._ (See Singapore Species, No.
+54.)
+
+
+
+
+INDEX.
+
+
+
+                          Page
+
+Achaea mercatoria, _Fabr._  191
+
+Achias longividens, _Walk._  121
+  latividens, _Walk._  121
+  amplividens, _Walk._  122
+
+Achiides, _Walk._  121
+
+Acidalidae, _Guenee_  195, 198
+
+Adraga, _Walk._  82
+  univitta, _Walk._  82
+
+Adrama, _Walk._  117
+  selecta, _Walk._  118
+
+Agaristidae, _Swainson_  183, 196
+
+Agathis fumipennis, _Sm._  176
+  modesta, _Sm._  25
+  nitida, _Sm._  26
+  sculpturalis, _Sm._  25
+
+Agenia, Alcyone, _Sm._  155
+  Althea, _Sm._  154
+  Amalthea, _Sm._  155
+  bimaculata, _Sm._  13
+  blanda, _Guer._  13, 154
+  Callisto, _Sm._  154
+  jucunda, _Sm._  154
+
+Alastor apicatus, _Sm._  166
+  unifasciatus, _Sm._  165
+
+Allodape nitida, _Sm._  134
+
+Ammophila insolata, _Sm._  14
+
+Amorphopus, _Bell_  27
+  cylindraceus, _Bell_  27
+
+Amphidasydae, _Guenee_  193
+
+Anas punctata, _Cuvier_  33
+
+Andrenidae, _Leach_  5, 132
+
+Angitula, _Walk._  123
+  longicollis, _Walk._  123
+
+Anisodes expunctaria, _Walk._  194
+
+Anomis mutilata, _Walk._  189
+
+Anthomyia procellaria, _Walk._  108
+
+Anthomyides, _Walk._  107, 130
+
+Anthophora elegans, _Sm._  135
+  zonata, _Linn._  8, 135
+
+Anthrax degenera, _Walk._  90
+  pelops, _Walk._  90
+  semiscita, _Walk._  90
+
+Apis zonata, _Sm._  8
+
+Argiva hieroglyphica, _Drury_  191
+
+Argonauta tuberculosa  34
+
+Aricia canivitta, _Walk._  107
+
+Aricia significans, _Walk._  107
+  squalens, _Walk._  130
+  vicaria, _Walk._  130
+
+Artaxa varians, _Walk._  189
+
+Asilidae, _Leach_  83, 128
+
+Asilites, _Walk._  87
+
+Asilus longistylus, _Wied._  88
+  superveniens, _Walk._  128
+
+Attacus Atlas, _Linn._  188
+
+
+Baccha purpuricola, _Walk._  129
+
+Bee, death of the Common Hive Bee occasioned by a parasitic fungus  29
+
+Bembex melancholica, _Sm._  160
+  trepanda, _Dahlb._  15
+
+Bembicidae, _Westw._  15
+
+Bengalia spissa, _Walk._  107
+
+Bibionidae, _Haliday_  77
+
+Bizone hamata, _Walk._  186
+
+Bombilidae, _Leach_  90
+
+Bombyx subnotata, _Walk._  188
+
+Bombycidae  188
+
+Bombylites, _Walk._  90
+
+Bracon abdominalis, _Sm._  175
+  albo-marginatus, _Sm._   174
+  basalis, _Sm._  174
+  exoletus, _Sm._  175
+  insinuator, _Sm._  24
+  intrudens, _Sm._  24, 176
+  nigripennis, _Sm._  175
+  nitidus, _Sm._  175
+  pallifrons, _Sm._  176
+
+Braconidae  24
+
+Brea, _Walk._  117
+  contraria, _Walk._  117
+  discalis, _Walk._  117
+
+Briarda plagifera, _Walk._  189
+
+Bulonga, _Walk._  193
+  schistacearia, _Walk._  193
+
+
+Coelyoxys fulvifrons, _Sm._  7
+
+Calobata Abana, _Walk._  124
+  albitarsis, _Wied._  124
+  indica, _Desv._  124
+  sepsoides, _Walk._  124
+
+Cardiacephala debilis, _Walk._  124
+
+Carea varipes, _Walk._  197
+Catephidae, _Guenee_  190
+
+Ceratina hieroglyphica, _Sm._  7
+  viridis, _Guer._  7
+
+Cerceris fuliginosa, _Sm._  19
+  instabilis, _Sm._  18
+  unifasciata, _Sm._  19
+  varipes, _Sm._  19
+
+Cereopsis Novae Hollandiae  33
+
+Cerea relicta, _Walk._  93, 94
+  smaragdina, _Walk._  93
+
+Cetacea, _R. Knox_ on the Anatomy and Natural History of the  63
+
+Chrysididae  26, 177
+
+Chrysis insularis, _Sm._  26
+  purpurea, _Sm._  26
+  sumptuosa, _Sm._  27
+
+Chrysopila vacillans, _Walk._  89
+
+Clitellaria bivittata, _Fabr._  80
+
+Caecila complexa, _Walk._  191
+
+Caelopa inconspicua, _Walk._  108
+
+Caenosia luteicornis, _Walk._  108
+
+Coturnix pectoralis, _Gould_  33
+
+Cotuza confirmata, _Walk._  197
+
+Crabro (Rhopalum) agilis, _Sm._  18
+  solitarius, _Sm._  162
+
+Crabronidae  18
+
+Crematogaster elegans, _Sm._  149
+  insularis, _Sm._  149
+  obscura, _Sm._  149
+
+Crocisa nitidula, _Fabr._  134
+
+Cryptoceridae, _Sm._  150
+
+Cryptus scutellatus, _Sm._  170
+
+Culex scutellaris, _Walk._  77
+
+Culicidae, _Haliday_  185
+
+Cyclosia nivipetens, _Walk._  185
+  submaculans, _Walk._  185
+
+
+Dacus expandens, _Walk._  114
+  latifascia, _Walk._  114
+  lativentris, _Walk._  115
+  longivitta, _Walk._  115
+  mutilloides, _Walk._  115
+  obtrudens, _Walk._  116
+  pectoralis, _Walk._  114
+  pompiloides, _Walk._  116
+
+Darabitta, _Walk._  187
+  strigicosta, _Walk._  187
+
+Darantasia, _Walk._  186
+  cuneiplena, _Walk._  186
+
+Daristane, _Walk._  193
+  tibiaria, _Walk._  194
+
+Dasygastrae, _Sm._  6, 134
+
+Dasypogon inopinus, _Walk._  83
+  honestus, _Walk._  83
+
+Dasypogonites, _Walk._  83
+
+Deiopeia detracta, _Walk._  186
+
+Denudata  7
+
+Dexia pectoralis, _Walk._  101
+
+Dexides, _Walk._  101
+
+Diaphorus resumens, _Walk._  93
+
+Diodon  76
+
+Dolichopidae, _Leach_  91
+
+Dolichopus trigonifer, _Walk._  92
+
+Delphinis  63
+
+Drapetodes mitaria, _Guer._  195
+
+Drosophila? finigutta, _Walk._  126
+  ? imperata, _Walk._  126
+  ? melanospila, _Walk._  126
+
+Dryomyza semicyanea, _Walk._  109
+
+
+Ectatomma rugosa, _Sm._  143
+
+Empidae, _Leach_  91, 129
+
+Ennomidae, _Guen._  193
+
+Ephydra? taciturna, _Walk._  127
+
+Ephyra quadristriaria, _Walk._  194
+
+Ephyridae, _Guenee_  194
+
+Erebidae, _Guenee_  191
+
+Eristalis conductus, _Walk._  95
+  muscoides, _Walk._  96
+  resolutus, _Walk._  95, 129
+  splendens, _Leguillon_  95
+  suavissimus, _Walk._  95
+
+Evanidae, _Leach_  169
+
+Eumelea Rosaliata, _Cram._  194
+
+Eumenes architectus, _Sm._  20
+  arcuata, _Fabr._  163
+  circinalis, _Fabr._  20
+  floralis, _Sm._  20
+  fulvipennis, _Sm._  20
+  vindex, _Sm._  20
+
+Eumenidae, _Westw._  19, 163
+
+Eurygaster decipiens, _Walk._  100
+  phasioides, _Walk._  100
+  tentans, _Walk._  99
+
+Euschema subrepleta, _Walk._  196
+
+Eusemia maculatrix, _Westw._  183, 196
+  mollis, _Walk._  183, 196
+  subdives, _Walk._  196
+
+
+Foenus gracilis, _Sm._  169
+
+Formica angulata, _Sm._  139
+  cordata, _Sm._  137
+  coxalis, _Sm._  136
+  flavitarsus, _Sm._  136
+  fragilis, _Sm._  136
+  gracilipes, _Sm._  136
+  laevissima, _Sm._  138
+  mutilata, _Sm._  137
+  nitida, _Sm._  138
+  oculata, _Sm._  137
+  quadriceps, _Sm._  137
+  scrutator, _Sm._  138
+  sericata, _Guer._  139
+  sexspinosa, _Latr._  139
+  virescens, _Fabr._  135
+
+Formicidae  135
+
+
+Gabaza, _Walk._  80
+  argentea, _Walk._  80
+
+Galathea Andrewsii, _Sp. Bate_  3
+  depressa, _Sp. Bate_  3
+  dispersa, _Sp. Bate_  3
+  nexa  3
+  squamifera, _Sp. Bate_  3
+  strigosa  2
+
+Gammarus affinis, _M.-Ed._  3
+  Kroeyii, _Rathke_  3
+  Locusta, _Leach_  3
+  Olivii, _M.-Ed._  3
+
+Geomyzides, _Fallen_  126
+
+Geron simplex, _Walk._  90
+
+Gonopteridae, _Guenee_  189
+
+Gorytes constrictus, _Latr._  160
+  vagus, _Sm._  161
+
+Graptomyza tibialis, _Walk._  95
+
+Gynoplistia jurgiosa, _Walk._  78
+
+
+Haematophis fuliginosus  33
+
+Halmaturus Billardierii  32
+
+Hedychrum flammulatum, _Sm._  26
+
+Helomyza atripennis, _Walk._  109
+  picipes, _Walk._  109
+  restituta, _Walk._  109
+
+Helomyzides, _Fallen_  108
+
+Helophilus mesoleucus, _Walk._  96
+  quadrivittatus, _Wied._  96
+
+Hiaticula bicincta  33
+
+Hippoboscidae, _Leach_  127
+
+Hybos bicolor, _Walk._  91
+  deficiens, _Walk._  129
+
+Hyblaea tortricoides, _Guen._  197
+
+Hyblaeidae, _Guenee_  197
+
+Hydromyzides, _Haliday_  127
+
+Hypena ruralis, _Walk._  192
+
+Hypenidae, _Herr Schaeff._  192
+
+Hypernaria diffundens, _Guen._  192
+
+Hypogrammidae, _Guenee_  189
+
+Hypsa egens, _Walk._  185
+  silvandra, _Cram._  185
+
+
+Icaria brunnea, _Sm._  167
+  fasciata, _Sm._  167
+  ferruginea, _Sauss._  22
+  gracilis, _Sm._  167
+  maculiventris, _Sm._  167
+  nigra, _Sm._  16
+  pilosa, _Sm._  22
+  unicolor, _Sm._  168
+
+Ichneumon insularis, _Sm._  170
+
+Ichneumonidae, _Leach_  23, 170
+
+Idia aequalis, _Walk._  103
+  australis, _Walk._  103
+  testacea, _Macq._  130
+  xanthogaster, _Wied._  130
+
+Ischnogaster iridipennis, _Sm._  166
+
+
+Lamprogaster celyphoides, _Walk._  112
+  delectans, _Walk._  111
+  marginifera, _Walk._  111
+  quadrilinea, _Walk._  111
+  scutellaris, _Walk._  112
+  tetyroides, _Walk._  112
+  ventralis, _Walk._  131
+
+Laphria aperta, _Walk._  87
+  aurifacies, _Macq._   84
+  comes, _Walk._  85
+  consobrina, _Walk._  84
+  consors, _Walk._  85
+  declarata, _Walk._  87
+  flagrantissima, _Walk._  86
+  germana, _Walk._  86
+  gloriosa, _Walk._  84
+  justa, _Walk._  86
+  manifesta, _Walk._  87
+  paradisiaca, _Walk._  128
+  placens, _Walk._  128
+  scapularis, _Wied._  84
+  socia, _Walk._  84
+  sodalis, _Walk._  85
+
+Laphrites, _Walk._  128
+
+Larinus maculatus, _Falderm._  179
+  mellificus, _Jekel_  181
+
+Larra prismatica, _Sm._  16
+  simillima, _Sm._  159
+
+Larrada aedilis, _Sm._  16
+  aurifrons, _Sm._  16
+  aurulenta, _Sm._  16
+  exilipes, _Sm._  16
+  festinans, _Sm._  17
+  personata, _Sm._  16
+  modesta, _Sm._  159
+  rufipes, _Sm._  17
+
+Larridae  16
+
+Larus pacificus  33
+
+Lauxania duplicans, _Walk._  110
+  minuens, _Walk._  110
+
+Lauxanides, _Walk._  110
+
+Lepidosiren  76
+
+Leptidae, _Westw._  89
+
+Leptis ferruginosa, _Wied._  89
+
+Leptogaster albimanus, _Walk._  89
+  ferrugineus, _Walk._  89
+  longipes, _Walk._  89
+
+Leucanidae, _Guenee_  188
+
+Limacodidae, _Duponchel_  188
+
+Liparidae, _Boisduval_  187, 197
+
+Lissa cylindrica, _Walk._  125
+
+Lithosiidae, _Stephens_  184, 196
+
+Lonchaea inops, _Walk._  110
+
+Lygnioides endoleuca, _Guen._  190, 197
+
+
+Macna pomalis, _Walk._  192
+
+Macroglossa corythus, _Boisd._  196
+  Passalus, _Drury_  196
+
+Macromeris iridipennis, _Sm._  156
+  splendida, _St. Farg._  13
+
+Malopteruris  76
+
+Margarodes amphitritalis, _Guen._  193
+
+Margarodidae, _Guenee_  193
+
+Masca abactalis, _Walk._  192
+
+Masicera guttata, _Walk._  99
+  notabilis, _Walk._  97
+  simplex, _Walk._  99
+  solennis, _Walk._  98
+  tentata, _Walk._  98
+
+Massicyta cerioides, _Walk._  78
+  inflata, _Walk._  78
+
+Megachile fulvifrons, _Sm._  6
+  incisa, _Sm._  6
+  insularis  134
+  lateritia  134
+  scabrosa  134
+  terminalis, _Sm._  7
+
+Megischus indicus, _Westw._  23
+
+Megistocera tuscana, _Wied._  78
+
+Meranoplus spinosus, _Sm._  150
+
+Mesostenus agilis, _Sm._  171
+  albopictus, _Sm._  172
+  albo-spinosus, _Sm._  23
+  pictus, _Sm._  171
+
+Microdon apicalis, _Walk._  94
+  fulvicornis, _Walk._  94
+
+Micronia rectinervata, _Guen._  195
+
+Micronidae, _Guenee_  195
+
+Miresa curvifera, _Walk._  188
+
+Montezumia indica, _Sauss._  19
+
+Morphota formosa, _Sm._  17
+
+Musca benedicta, _Walk._  105
+  domestica, _Linn._  105
+  eristaloides, _Walk._  106
+  gloriosa, _Walk._  104
+  macularis, _Walk._  104
+  marginifera, _Walk._  105
+  obscurata, _Walk._  105
+  obtrusa, _Walk._  105, 130
+  opulenta, _Walk._  104
+  patiens, _Walk._  106
+
+Muscidae, _Latr._  97, 129
+
+Muscides, _Walk._  103, 130
+
+Mutilla carinata, _Sm._  150
+  exilis, _Sm._  151
+  manifesta, _Sm._  150
+  nigra, _Sm._  151
+  rufogastra, _Sm._   9
+  sexmaculata, _Swed. N. A. Holm._   9
+  Sibylla, _Sm._   150
+  unifasciata, _Sm._   9
+  volatilis, _Sm._   9
+
+Mutillidae, _Leach_    9, 150
+
+Mycetophilidae, _Haliday_   77
+
+Mygnimia aspasia, _Sm._   157
+  fumipennis, _Sm._   13
+  iridipennis, _Sm._   13
+
+Myrmica carinata, _Sm._   148
+  mellea, _Sm._   148
+  parallela, _Sm._   147
+  scabrosa, _Sm._   147
+  suspiciosa, _Sm._   148
+  thoracica, _Sm._    148
+
+Mysticetus   70
+
+Mythymna inducens, _Walk._   188
+
+Myzine tenuicornis, _Sm._   151
+
+
+Nautilus pompilius, _T. H. Huxley_ on the anatomy of   36
+
+Nerius duplicatus, _Wied._   125
+
+Nerua, _Walk._   81
+  scenopinoides, _Walk._   8
+
+Neurina procopialis, _Cram._   193
+
+Nomia cincta, _Sm._   132
+  dentata, _Sm._   133
+  flavipes, _Sm._   5
+  formosa, _Sm._    5
+  haliotoides, _Sm._   6
+  longicornis, _Sm._   133
+  punctata, _Sm._   5
+
+Notodontidae, _Stephens_   187
+
+Nyctalemon Hector, _White_   183
+
+Nyctemera mundipicta, _Walk._   184
+  tripunctaria, _Linn._   196
+
+
+Obrapa, _Walk._   82
+  celyphoides, _Walk._   83
+  perilampoides, _Walk._   82
+
+Odontomachus malignus, _Sm._   144
+  simillimus, _Sm._   144
+  tyrannicus, _Sm._   144
+
+Odynerus agilis, _Sm._   164
+  (Ancistrocerus) clavicornis, _Sm._   21
+  fulvipennis, _Sm._   22
+  (Leionotus) insularis, _Sm._   21
+  modestus, _Sm._   165
+  multipictus, _Sm._   165
+  petiolatus, _Sm._   164
+
+Ommatius lucifer, _Walk._   88
+  noctifer, _Walk._   88, 129
+  retrahens, _Walk._   88
+
+Ommatophoridae, _Guenee_   191
+
+Ophideres discrepans, _Walk._   190
+  Salaminia, _Cram._   190
+  smaragdipicta, _Walk._   190
+
+Ophideridae, _Guenee_   190
+
+Ophisma Umminia, _Cram._   191
+
+Ophiusa fulvotaenia, _Guen._   197
+
+Ophiusidae, _Guenee_   191, 197
+
+Ornithomyia parva, _Macq._   127
+
+Ortalides, _Haliday_   111-131
+
+Ortalis prompta, _Walk._   118
+  complens, _Walk._   118
+
+Orthoneura basalis, _Walk._   97
+
+Orthosidae, _Guenee_   197
+
+Oscinides, _Haliday_    125
+
+Oscinis lineiplena, _Walk._   125
+  noctilux, _Walk._   126
+
+Oxybelus agilis, _Sm._   18
+
+Oxyssus maculipennis, _Sm._   177
+
+
+Pachymenes viridis, _Sm._   163
+
+Pallura, _Walk._   127
+  invaria, _Walk._   127
+
+Palyadae, _Guenee_   194
+
+Pantana bicolor, _Walk._   187, 197
+
+Patula macrops, _Linn._   191
+
+Pelopaeus bengalensis, _Dahlb._   14
+  flavo-fasciatus, _Sm._   15
+  intrudens, _Sm._   15
+  laboriosus, _Sm._   154
+  madraspatanus, _Fabr._   14
+
+Phaps elegans   33
+
+Phoridae, _Haliday_   127
+
+Phyllodidae, _Guenee_   190, 197
+
+Pidorus constrictus, _Walk._  185
+
+Pimpla braconoides, _Sm._  172
+  ferruginea, _Sm._  173
+  ochracea, _Sm._  172
+  penetrans, _Sm._  173
+  plagiata, _Sm._  173
+  trimaculata, _Sm._  24
+
+Pinnotheridae, _M. Ed._  27
+
+Pison nitidus, _Sm._  160
+
+Platydidae, _Guenee_  192
+
+Platystoma fusifacies, _Walk._  113
+  multivitta, _Walk._  113
+
+Plecia dorsalis, _Walk._  77
+
+Podomyrma, _Sm._  145
+  basalis, _Sm._  147
+  laevifrons, _Sm._  146
+  femorata, _Sm._  145
+  striata  146
+
+Polistes diabolicus, _Sauss._  168
+  elegans, _Sm._  169
+  fastidiosus, _Sauss._  22
+  nigrifrons, _Sm._  168
+  philippinensis, _Sauss._  22
+  Picteti, _Sauss._  22
+  sagittarius, _Sauss._  22
+  stigma, _Sauss._  22
+  tepidus, _Fabr._  168
+
+Polyara, _Walk._  122
+  insolita, _Walk._  123
+
+Polypterus  76
+
+Polyrhachis bellicosus, _Sm._  142
+  geometricus, _Sm._  141
+  Hector, _Sm._  142
+  irritabilis, _Sm._  141
+  laevissimus, _Sm._  141
+  longipes, _Sm._  140
+  marginatus, _Sm._  139
+  mucronatus, _Sm._  140
+  hostilis, _Sm._  139
+  rufofemoratus, _Sm._  142
+  scutulatus, _Sm._  140
+  serratus, _Sm._  140
+
+Pompilidae, _Leach_  11
+
+Pompilus analis, _Fabr._  11
+  contortus, _Sm._  12
+  deceptor, _Sm._  12
+  dubius, _Sm._  153
+  pilifrons, _Sm._  12
+  saltitans, _Sm._  11
+
+Ponera parallela, _Sm._  143
+  quadridentata, _Sm._  143
+  rugosa, _Sm._  142
+  sculpturata, _Sm._  142
+
+Priocnemis fervidus, _Sm._  156
+  pulcherrimus, _Sm._  156
+  rufifrons, _Sm._  120
+
+Prosena argentata, _Walk._  102
+
+Prosopis malachisis, _Sm._  132
+
+Pseudomyrma laeviceps, _Sm._  145
+
+Psilides, _Walk._  125
+
+Psilopus aeneus, _Fabr._  91
+  benedictus, _Walk._  91
+  egens, _Walk._  92
+  lucigena, _Walk._  91
+  orcifer, _Walk._  92
+  planicornis, _Wied._  92
+  terminifer, _Walk._  92
+
+Ptilocera quadridentata, _Walk._  78
+
+Puffinus brevicaudus, _Brandt_  33
+
+
+Rhynchium argentatum, _Sauss._  19
+  atrum, _Sauss._  19
+  haemorrhoidale, _Sauss._  19
+  mirabile, _Sauss._  163
+  parentissimum, _Sauss._  19
+  superbum, _Sauss._  163
+
+Rhyssa maculipennis, _Sm._  173
+  vestigator, _Sm._  174
+
+Rutilia angustipennis, _Walk._  101
+  plumicornis, _Guerin_  101
+
+
+Salduba, _Walk._  79
+  diphysoides, _Walk._  79
+
+Salius malignus, _Sm._  157
+
+Sarcophaga basalis, _Walk._  129
+  compta, _Walk._  102
+  invaria, _Walk._  103
+
+Sarcophagides, _Walk._  102
+
+Sargus complens, _Walk._  81
+  metallinus, _Fabr._  80
+  vagans, _Walk._  11
+
+Saropoda bombiformis, _Sm._  135
+
+Saturniidae, _Walk._  188
+
+Sciara selecta, _Walk._  77
+
+Scolia agilis, _Sm._  10
+  Alecto, _Sm._  10
+  aurenta, _Sm._  9
+  erratica, _Sm._  9
+  fulgidipennis, _Sm._  152
+  fulvipennis, _Sm._  10
+  grossa, _Burm._  152
+  insularis, _Sm._  153
+  minuta, _Sm._  11
+  nitida, _Sm._  152
+  quadriceps, _Sm._  153
+  terminata, _Sm._  10
+
+Scoliadae, _Leach_  151
+
+Scopulipedes, _Sm._  8
+
+Sepedon costalis, _Walk._  110
+
+Sepsides, _Walk._  123
+
+Sepsis basifera, _Walk._  124
+
+Setina bipunctata, _Walk._  185
+
+Siluridae  76
+
+Solenopsis cephalotes, _Sm._  149
+
+Sphegidae  14
+
+Spheniscus minor, _Temminck_  33
+
+Sphex argentata, _Dahl._  157
+  aurifrons, _Sm._  157
+  gratiosa, _Sm._  158
+  nitidiventris, _Sm._  158
+  praedator, _Sm._  14
+  sepicola, _Sm._  158
+  sericea, _Fabr._  157
+
+Sphingidae, _Leach_  196
+
+Stalagmia guttaria, _Guerin_  196
+
+Steiria phryganeoides, _Walk._   190
+
+Stelis abdominalis, _Sm._  7
+
+Stenophasmus, _Sm._  169
+  ruficeps, _Sm._  170
+
+Stilbum amethystinum, _Fabr._  177
+  splendidum, _Fabr._  177
+
+Stratiomidae, _Haliday_  78
+
+Stratiomys confertissima, _Walk._  79
+  nexura, _Walk._  80
+
+Sulu australis, _Gould_  33
+
+Synegia botydaria, _Guenee_  195
+
+Syntomis annosa, _Walk._  183
+  chloroleuca, _Walk._  183
+  xanthomela, _Walk._  184
+
+Sypna subsignata, _Walk._  191
+
+Syrphidae, _Leach_  93, 129
+
+Syrphus aegrotus, _Fabr._  99
+  ericetorum, _Fabr._  99
+
+
+Tabanidae, _Leach_  83
+
+Tabanus recusans, _Walk._  83
+
+Tachinides, _Walk._  97
+
+Tachytes morosus, _Sm._  18
+
+Tenthredinidae  23, 177
+
+Tenthredo (Allantus) purpurata, _Sm._  23
+
+Thalatta aurigutta, _Walk._  189
+
+Thereva congrua, _Walk._  90
+
+Therevites, _Walk._  90
+
+Thermesia? recusata, _Walk._  191
+
+Thermesidae, _Guenee_  191, 197
+
+Timandra Ajaia, _Walk._  195
+
+Tipulidae  78
+
+_Trehala_  178
+
+Tremex insignis, _Sm._  178
+
+Trigona laeviceps, _Sm._  135
+
+Trupanea contradicens, _Walk._  87
+
+Trypeta basalis, _Walk._  120
+  dorsigutta, _Walk._  119
+  impleta, _Walk._  120
+  multistriga, _Walk._  119
+  roripennis, _Walk._  131
+  subocellifera, _Walk._  120
+
+Trypoxylon eximium, _Sm._  161
+
+
+Vespa affinis, _Fabr._  23
+  fervida, _Sm._  23
+
+Vespidae, _Stephens_  19, 166
+
+
+Ugia disjungens, _Walk._  192
+
+Uraniidae, _Walk._  183
+
+Urothoe elegans  3
+  inostratus, _Dana_  3
+
+
+Worm-tracks, notice of in London Clay  31
+
+
+Xarnuta leucotelus, _Walk._  108
+
+Xema Jamesonii  33
+
+Xylocopa aestuans, _Linn._  8, 135
+  collaris, _St. Farg._  8
+  Dejeanii, _St. Farg._  8
+  fenestrata, _Fabr._  8
+  nobilis, _Sm._  8
+
+Xylota ventralis, _Walk._  96
+
+Xyphidria rufipes, _Sm._  177
+
+
+Zanclopteryx saponaria, _H. Schaeff._  195, 198
+
+Zerenidae  196
+
+Zethus cyanopterus, _Sauss._  19
+
+Zygaenidae, _Leach_  183
+
+
+
+THE END
+
+
+Printed by TAYLOR and FRANCIS, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street.
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Notes:
+
+1. Chrysophila changed to Chrysopila in the index to match the text
+referred to.
+2. Stenophasimis changed to Stenophasmus in the index to match the text
+refered to.
+3. A number of words occur throughout the book in accented and
+non-accented forms. These were left as in the original text.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Journal of the Proceedings of the
+Linnean Society - Vol. 3, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LINNEAN SOCIETY ***
+
+***** This file should be named 20750.txt or 20750.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/2/0/7/5/20750/
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