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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, How to Become Rich, by William Windsor
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: How to Become Rich
+       A Treatise on Phrenology, Choice of Professions and Matrimony
+
+
+Author: William Windsor
+
+
+
+Release Date: May 30, 2007  [eBook #21646]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HOW TO BECOME RICH***
+
+
+E-text prepared by Carl Hudkins, Laura Wisewell, and the Project Gutenberg
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team (https://www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
+      file which includes the original illustrations.
+      See 21646-h.htm or 21646-h.zip:
+      (https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/1/6/4/21646/21646-h/21646-h.htm)
+      or
+      (https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/1/6/4/21646/21646-h.zip)
+
+
+Transcriber’s note
+
+      Printer errors: A number of printer errors have been corrected. 
+      In addition, some punctuation errors have been corrected, but
+      inconsistent hyphenation has been left as in the original.
+
+      Table of Contents: The original had a Table of Contents only
+      for Part II (page 127), and it omits one of the sections.
+      For the reader’s convenience, a full Table of Contents has been
+      provided after the Preface.
+
+
+
+
+
+HOW TO BECOME RICH
+
+A Treatise on Phrenology
+Choice of Professions
+and
+Matrimony.
+
+by
+
+PROF. WILLIAM WINDSOR, LL. B., PH. D.
+
+Phrenologist and Anthropologist,
+
+Author of "Science of Creation," "Loma, A Citizen
+of Venus," Etc., Etc.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+_Brain is Money; Character is Capital; Knowledge of your Resources_
+_is the Secret of Success._
+
+
+
+Third Edition Revised.
+
+M. A. Donohue & Company
+Chicago        New York
+
+Copyright, 1898.
+by
+Prof. Wm. Windsor, Ll. B.
+All Rights Reserved.
+
+Made in U. S. A.
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+The unremitting demand made by an indulgent and appreciative public for
+a printed edition of the lectures delivered by me in my professional
+capacity, has furnished the motive for the publication of the present
+edition, comprising the three most popular lectures of my usual course,
+to mixed audiences. The work has been prepared for the press hurriedly,
+while under the strain of enormous professional and personal
+responsibilities, and during the busiest season of a professional
+practice, which already imposes the burden of fifteen hours per day of
+incessant labor, which may account for any inaccuracies, typographical
+or otherwise, which may appear. My lectures on Sexual and Creative
+Science, delivered to the sexes separately, are now in course of
+preparation, and will be given to the public in similar form as soon as
+practicable.
+
+With the hope that this publication may serve to crystallize the
+doctrines I have so earnestly advocated in years past, and that they
+may, in this form, reach thousands who have not been able to come under
+my personal influence, in public lectures,
+
+    I am, fraternally,
+        WILLIAM WINDSOR.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: WILLIAM WINDSOR, LL. B., Ph. D.]
+
+
+
+
+Phrenology.
+
+
+_LADIES AND GENTLEMEN_:--
+
+In presenting the Science of Phrenology to you to-night, I make one
+request, and hope you will grant it as a personal favor to me, that is,
+that you will dismiss from your minds everything that you ever heard
+about Phrenology and listen to my argument with your minds freed from
+the prejudices, favorable or unfavorable, that may have been created by
+other lecturers upon the subject, for this reason: There are, I regret
+to say, in our country, a class of men lecturing upon Phrenology, who
+have never mastered even the rudiments of the science; who have merely
+learned the location and nomenclature of the organs of the brain, and
+who, by flattery and cheap wit, degrade this noble science to the level
+of mere "bumpology," until the average good citizen who has never
+investigated the subject has come to look upon the term Phrenologist as
+signifying one who goes about over the country feeling the bumps on the
+heads of those who consult him, looking for hills and hollows,
+depressions and ridges of the cranium, and predicating thereon a
+delineation of character.
+
+It is my happy privilege to-night to disabuse your minds of this
+conception, and to present Phrenology in its true light, and I bespeak
+from you the thoughtful consideration which an honest man may demand
+from honest thinking men and women in the investigation of a practical
+science.
+
+I am always able to recognize in my audience, three classes of persons.
+I can tell them by their phrenological appearances whenever they are
+before me. The first class is composed of those who have already tested
+phrenology and found it valuable, who have studied the subject and
+appropriated its truths, and before whom I need not argue its utility. I
+shall be able to please the members of my audience who belong to this
+class, and to lead them further in the paths they have already found
+pleasant and profitable. I shall unfold some new truths and add to their
+store of valuable knowledge.
+
+The second class is composed of that large number of intelligent
+persons, in every community, who have not investigated this subject, who
+are willing to approach it in a spirit of candor and honest inquiry,
+anxious to accept anything which is reasonable and good, and equally
+intent upon rejecting that which is fraudulent and evil, and I invite
+the careful criticism of this class; and if, in my exposition of this
+subject, I announce a single proposition which will not bear the closest
+scrutiny; if I say aught which conflicts with common sense or reason,
+nay, if you can find one single natural fact to militate against the
+principles which I announce as fundamental to this science, I will be
+obliged to the gentleman or lady who will raise the question with me,
+and I will either prove my position to the satisfaction of this audience
+or retire from the field forever.
+
+[Illustration: Idiot.]
+
+The third class, unfortunately, are always with us, but I do not expect
+to convince them. They never were known to be convinced of anything. You
+can easily learn to distinguish an individual of this class by the shape
+of his head. Here is one I carry for illustration. He argues that the
+world is flat and does not revolve on its axis once in 24 hours,
+because, if it did, the water would all be spilled out of the
+Mississippi river. Life is too short to argue with this class, and I can
+only promise them that before I leave this platform they will be in the
+same category that a fellow was once who went to a prayer-meeting
+slightly intoxicated and fell asleep. Toward the close of the meeting
+everybody began to get happy, and the preacher called on everybody who
+wanted to go to Heaven to stand up. Everybody stood up but our
+intoxicated friend, who was awakened by the uprising. Then the preacher
+called on everybody who wanted to go to hell to stand up. Our friend by
+this time comprehended that something was before the house and staggered
+to his feet. He took one look at the preacher standing at the other end
+of the church and said: "Parson, (hic) I don't know what the question,
+is (hic) before the house, but you and I (hic) are in the smallest
+minority that ever I saw."
+
+So it is with you, my friends. If you don't believe in Phrenology when I
+dismiss you to-night, remember that you are in the minority in this
+audience, and a very small minority at that, composed of unprogressive
+mossbacks and persons of small mental capacity, and if you will call at
+my rooms to-morrow, I'll tell you to which of these classes you belong.
+
+In the study of scientific topics it is well in the outset to establish
+definitions. I will, therefore, commence by looking our subject squarely
+in the face, and establishing a concise definition of Phrenology.
+
+PHRENOLOGY is the science of intelligence. It is derived from two Greek
+words--_Phren_ intelligence _Logos_ "discourse" or science. But before
+we can properly understand this definition we must have a definition of
+the term "Science," which is about as often misused as any word I know.
+
+_Science_ is classified knowledge. The word itself in its etymology
+signifies what we _know_ about a particular subject. And whenever we
+learn two facts about any subject, and we differentiate and classify
+those two facts, we have a science of that subject. Thus we have the
+science of Astronomy, containing the classified facts that intelligent
+observers have learned concerning the stars. The science of Mathematics,
+a classification of knowledge concerning numbers, and the science of
+Phrenology, which simply means the facts that intelligent observers have
+collected concerning intelligence, classified and reduced to rules
+to serve a practical purpose.
+
+Before I leave this term "Science," I wish to draw a distinction between
+a science and an art. The science is the classified knowledge; the art
+is the process of turning that knowledge to practical account. The
+science of Astronomy never discovered a star, the science of Arithmetic
+never computed the value of a fraction. The sciences are merely icebergs
+of cold, hard facts piled up in crystallized principles and rules. Art
+is the warm, living application of these principles and rules to serve
+the needs of mankind. The art of Astronomy, with the assistance of its
+handmaiden, the art of Mathematics, astounds the world with its
+achievements, and holds in one hand the balances with which it weighs
+the sun, and in the other the chain with which it surveys the distance
+to the Pleiades.
+
+So with the Science and Art of Phrenology. The science is as absolute as
+Mathematics. In its principles there are no fallacies. To its rules
+there are absolutely no exceptions. The Art of Phrenology, on the other
+hand, is estimative, and the results of its application will depend on
+the graces, the gifts and the abilities of him who seeks to apply it. As
+we have brilliant astronomers and poor astronomers, as we have correct
+mathematicians and incorrect ones, so we may have phrenologists whose
+discoveries and whose workmanship may command the admiration of the
+world, those whose talents are of the order of mediocrity, and those who
+blunder on all occasions.
+
+You have had Phrenology defined to you as the Science of Intelligence,
+and you naturally ask for a definition of intelligence itself.
+
+Intelligence is the result of the radiation of magnetism from every
+object in the universe. Magnetism is radiated by different bodies in
+different degrees of intensity. Man is provided with seven distinct
+organs of sense, which receive and interpret these radiations. The
+lowest rate of vibration is received and interpreted by the sense of
+gender and the next stage by the sense of touch. Above that we have the
+senses of taste, hearing, sight, smell and clairvoyance. So that the
+human body is in reality a magnetic musical instrument of seven octaves,
+each octave constituting a separate sense and each sense subdivided into
+seven degrees. The radiation of magnetism from exterior objects strikes
+the human body in these different degrees of vibration and it is the
+ability of the body to receive these vibrations and of the brain to
+analyze them, which constitutes the intelligence of the individual. The
+absence of any organ of sense or the absence of any part of the brain
+needed in its analysis is accompanied by the corresponding absence or
+diminution of intelligence. Reasoning therefor from these premises it
+follows that by inspection of the organization of an individual and by
+careful examination of his organs of sense and brain capacity we are
+able to determine how much intelligence he possesses and in what
+direction it will be projected.
+
+When we study its development and its deterioration, its faculties and
+their manifestation, we amass a glittering pile of brilliant facts; we
+classify those facts, reduce them to rules to serve the needs of the
+human race, and we have the science of Phrenology; and when we apply
+those rules in the practical delineation of character, we have the Art.
+
+In regard to Phrenology being an exact science, I have shown you that
+the distinction must be drawn between the principles of the science and
+the results of their estimative application. The principles of the
+science are absolute. In his application of them the examiner is
+hampered by the frailties and fallibilities of the human intellect, just
+to the same extent that the skilled surgeon or the bright astronomer is
+subject to the same drawbacks. Would any sensible man decline the
+services of a skilled surgeon in the hour of need, because surgeons
+differ in judgment, or, in some cases, make mistakes. Astronomy is
+regarded as a wonderfully exact science because an eclipse can be
+computed one hundred years in advance to the fraction of a second, yet
+astronomers differ in regard to the distance of the sun from the earth
+to the trifling extent of six million miles. Shall we therefore reject
+astronomy?
+
+Phrenology is not a fully-developed science. I am glad it is not. I
+would regret it if a bar should be set to the acquisition of knowledge
+upon this subject. As long as human intelligence advances, as long as
+the race improves, as long as men have eyes to see and intellects to
+comprehend scientific facts, Phrenology will advance. But when you ask
+me whether Phrenology is sufficiently developed to be of practical value
+to mankind in its application; when you ask me to compare its
+development with that of any other science, I answer unhesitatingly that
+Phrenology is the queen regnant of all sciences, of greater value to the
+human race than all other sciences combined, because it is the science
+of humanity itself. Greater than Astronomy because humanity is worth
+more than all the stars that scintillate in the heavens. Greater than
+Mathematics, because humanity is better than numbers. Greater than
+Geology and Zoology, as humanity is above the rocks and animals. Greater
+than Theology, because it teaches man to know himself, instead of
+presumptively speculating upon gods and dogmas. Greater than all
+combined because Phrenology bears upon her resplendent crown the jewels
+of knowledge, virtue, morality, culture, temperance, wealth and
+progress, and is pregnant with possibilities of good, beyond the present
+comprehension of the human imagination.
+
+And when you ask me if Phrenology is developed in the number of
+practical facts at her command, I answer, that for every principle and
+rule of Mathematics that are serviceable, I will give you two in
+Phrenology. For every discovery in Geology, I will give you four in the
+domain of the mind. For every fact in Zoology, Entomology or Botany that
+has been of value, I will give you six in the science of humanity. Then
+you may begin to comprehend the appeal which Phrenology makes to-night
+to your selfish interests.
+
+I wish now to draw a distinction between _Phrenology_ and _Physiognomy_,
+because I don't believe I ever went into any community to lecture in my
+life, that I did not hear some old fossil say that he believed in the
+science of Physiognomy, but he didn't take much stock in Phrenology. Now
+I beseech you, as friends of mine (and after I have lectured to an
+audience for twenty minutes I always feel that I have so many friends in
+it that I am personally interested in the welfare of each one) that if
+you have ever made that remark, you will not expose your ignorance of
+scientific terms in that way again. I'll excuse you for what you have
+done heretofore, but if you make that remark after hearing my lectures,
+I shall feel ashamed of you, just as I always feel humiliated when any
+friend of mine makes a fool of himself.
+
+PHYSIOGNOMY is the science of external appearances. The etymology of the
+word signifies the knowledge of nature derived from examination or
+observation. We may speak of the physiognomy of a landscape, of a
+country, a state, a continent, or an individual, and by that we mean the
+external appearance, that which conveys a knowledge of the character of
+the object to the eye. We judge the character of the thing by its
+appearances; and in the relation which Physiognomy bears to
+character-reading, we judge the character of the man by the external
+appearances. We study the size and form of the body, its color, its
+texture, its temperament, the expression of the face and the contour of
+the head, all of which are physiognomical. We draw certain conclusions
+from this inspection of the physiognomical signs, and these conclusions
+are phrenological, for every variation of color, form or size indicates
+a corresponding variation in a particular kind or intelligence possessed
+by the individual. Physiognomy, therefore, is the grand channel through
+which we draw our phrenological conclusions, and in this relation
+physiognomy forms a part of the grand science of Phrenology,
+inseparable from it, and bearing about the same relation to it that
+addition does to arithmetic.
+
+There are those who advertise themselves as delineators of character,
+under the term Physiognomists. I believe that such persons do so because
+they lack the ability and learning to comprehend Phrenology, and are
+unable to combat the prejudices of the ignorant. I have never seen a
+so-called "Physiognomist" who was not an empirical mountebank of the
+purest stamp, and who did not trim his sails to pander to the silly
+sentiment which I have just exposed. The delineations of such persons
+are worse than valueless, because they are pure guess-work. They pursue
+a shadow while they reject the substance.
+
+Having thus established our definitions, we may proceed to state the
+principles of Phrenology. And I believe that I can best do so by taking
+you through the successive steps of a phrenological examination, and by
+thus practicing the art, illustrate the science.
+
+In forming an estimate of the character of any person, the practical
+phrenologist proceeds upon the following physiological postulates, which
+I shall not stop to demonstrate, because they may be regarded as
+established facts upon which all physiological authorities are agreed,
+viz:
+
+1. The brain is the keyboard of the body and the central seat of
+intelligence.
+
+2. The power of the brain depends upon the anatomical and physiological
+condition of the body which supports it.
+
+3. The character of any object depends upon its physical attributes,
+viz: Size, weight, color, form, texture, density, etc.
+
+In applying these postulates to a delineation of character before we
+pass to an examination of the brain itself, we must notice three great
+modifying conditions. Without taking these modifying conditions into
+account, a correct estimate of brain-power is impossible. And it is
+because these modifying conditions have been ignored by many professed
+teachers of Phrenology, and but poorly expressed by others who did
+recognize them, that many eminent physiologists have condemned
+phrenology hastily, as having no sound basis in physiology. The
+exponents of Phrenology are themselves to blame for this. They have been
+too content to rest under the imputation of feeling heads for bumps.
+They have not been sufficiently versed, in many instances, in
+physiological science to dare to debate the ground with high
+authorities. I challenge the world to bring one single natural fact to
+militate against the principles here announced. I will debate the
+question with any skilled medical, legal or clerical authority, and I
+claim, without fear of contradiction, that the world does not hold a
+head whose character will differ from that which Phrenology ascribes to
+it, when the developments of the brain are measured in the light of
+these modifying conditions.
+
+When I was lecturing in Indiana in 1885, Gov. Will Cumback of that
+state, propounded this question:
+
+"Professor, what would you do if you found a man whose head, in the
+light of Phrenological principles, showed a certain character, and you
+found on intimate acquaintance and positive proof that he, in fact,
+possessed a character radically different."
+
+"My dear Governor," I replied, "I would wait until the sun rose in the
+west, and then watch to see what you would do and follow suit. Such men
+do not exist, they never have existed, and they never will exist until
+the order of nature is reversed."
+
+These three great modifying conditions which must be taken into
+consideration before we estimate the brain itself, are as follows:
+
+    1st. The State of the Health.
+    2nd. The Quality of the Organization.
+    3rd. The Temperament of the Constitution.
+
+And we will consider them in the order named, therefore first,
+
+
+THE STATE OF THE HEALTH.
+
+It is a great fact in the constitution of man, that whatever affects the
+body, affects the manifestations of intelligence, and conversely,
+whatever affects intelligence affects the body. The body is the harp of
+a thousand strings, manifesting its intelligence by different degrees
+of vibration. If either the musician or his instrument is out of order,
+the music will be discordant. It is not necessary for me to argue that a
+man must be in perfect health to exhibit perfect mentality. But as
+perfect health is the exception and not the rule, we rarely find
+mentality even approximating perfection. We are obliged, in our estimate
+of the character of men, to allow for various bodily infirmities, in a
+word, for the eccentricities of disease. These diseases may be inherited
+or acquired since birth; they may be acute or chronic in their stages;
+they may be mild or malignant in type; they may produce long, continued
+illness, terminating in death, or they may be only what we call a
+temporary indisposition, like that of the country boy, who went to
+Boston for the first time to see the sights. As he wandered around he
+became hungry, and, entering a restaurant began to experiment with
+strange dishes. He ate first a porterhouse steak, then some fried
+oysters, then a lobster salad, a lot of pickles, ice cream, cake and
+bologna sausage, drank a bottle of champagne and retired to his
+lodgings, and dreamed that he was lying on Boston Common, and that the
+devil was sitting on his stomach, holding Bunker Hill monument in his
+lap.
+
+If you eat an indigestible meal, you are unable to perform good
+brain-work after it. If you feed the body on material that will not
+nourish it, the brain refuses to work. If you are in the clutches of
+disease, we cannot expect of you a high measure of brain-power; in other
+words, the manifestations of the mind are weakened by the disorder of
+its instrument, the body.
+
+The phrenologist, therefore, who essays to read your character, must be
+able to trace the signs of disease in your appearance. He must needs be
+an expert Physiologist and Anatomist. He must understand Pathology. He
+must have the diagnosing skill to detect disease and allow for it in his
+estimate of your mentality, or his delineation is worth less than
+nothing; nay, more, he may do you a positive damage, by advising you to
+adopt a course of life which would be disastrous to your constitution.
+He must be able to do all this and do it rapidly and with precision.
+Never trust yourself under the hands of a professed phrenologist unless
+you are confident of his skill in estimating and diagnosing your
+physical condition.
+
+
+QUALITY.
+
+The second step in a phrenological examination is the determination of
+the quality of the organization. Perhaps there is no branch of the
+science of phrenology which has received such crude treatment at the
+hands of phrenological writers as this subject of organic quality. Many
+use the term interchangeably with temperament, some confound it with
+temperament and hereditary disposition, others recognize it as a
+distinct modifying condition; but I know of no writer, except myself,
+who has yet attempted a classification of the subject, or who has dared
+to recognize its importance as a modifying condition of character.
+
+Quality is the texture of organization, and in this respect must be
+regarded entirely independently of temperament. The latter is conceded
+to depend upon the preponderance or relative energy of some part of the
+system, anatomically or pathologically; but each of the conditions
+denominated as temperaments may exist, with widely different
+manifestations of the peculiar conditions we describe as quality, with a
+corresponding modification of the character of the subject in each case.
+Hence the necessity of a rational classification, based upon the
+independent observation of these modifications of quality as a distinct
+subject, in order to apply it as a distinct step in a phrenological
+examination.
+
+The trees of the forest present distinct variations of quality,
+depending on the texture of the wood. The hickory is hard, the ash is
+brittle, the pine is soft, etc. An examination of the texture of the
+human organization will disclose variations, different, it is true, but
+some times strikingly analogous, and no less important in determining
+the fitness of the individual for particular purposes.
+
+We determine quality by a critical inspection of the general contour of
+the body, its relative size, the adaptation of its parts to each other,
+the color and grain of the skin, the relative harmony of the features,
+the relative brightness of the eyes, the color and texture of the hair,
+the movements of the body, the tone of the voice, and the rapidity of
+mental process. To determine quality accurately may sometimes require a
+series of experiments on the individual, and the success of the examiner
+will of course depend on his own acuteness of perception and judgment.
+
+[Illustration: Jack Langrishe.--Quality Strong.]
+
+Quality is, (1) Strong; (2) Delicate; (3) Responsive. And conversely,
+(1) Weak; (2) Coarse; (3) Sluggish, and in proportion as these elements
+unite to form an efficient and powerful organization, we may speak of
+the quality as "high," or as we find them wanting, we may call the
+quality "low."
+
+_Strong Quality_ is exhibited by an organization harmoniously
+constructed, full size, compact and firm. The limbs, trunk and head are
+generally well formed, the muscles firm, the walk steady, the carriage
+erect, and the movements generally graceful, but all indicating power.
+The features of the face are strongly marked and prominent, the lines
+well marked and the entire structure is definite and established. A hair
+from the head of such an individual will be harder to break than another
+from an organization of different quality. It will also be harder to
+pull from the scalp. The grasp of the hand is steady and firm,
+indicating muscular power. The eyesight is good and the eye steady and
+clear, well formed and powerful in range of vision. If the perceptives
+are large it will be penetrating. The skin is firm to the touch, though
+the grain may be either fine or coarse. The entire organization is built
+upon the principle of strength, but the direction in which this strength
+will be applied will depend upon the temperamental conditions. With the
+mental temperament well developed, a strong mind will be manifested;
+with the vital and motive temperaments, strong physical and muscular
+functions. The relative absence of this quality will be marked by
+corresponding weakness, and although we may have a pronounced mental
+temperament, the individual will exhibit but little mental strength,
+and with a pronounced motive temperament he will be incapable of strong
+muscular action.
+
+_Delicate Quality_ is denoted by delicacy and refinement of
+structure. It may or may not be co-existent with strength.
+
+The strands of silk thread are fine and delicate, but also very strong.
+Other substances are refined and delicate, but possess little of the
+element of strength.
+
+Delicate quality in the human organization is accompanied by
+corresponding manifestations. The texture of the skin is close grained,
+delicate and soft. The hair is fine; the eye is clear and bright, the
+features smooth and very harmonious. The mental processes are brilliant,
+facile, rapid; their depth and power, however, depending upon the
+combination of the element of strength with delicacy. Persons possessing
+delicate quality are very acute.
+
+Such persons are able to appreciate nice shades of thought and to
+cultivate the graces in an eminent degree. They are adapted to pursuits
+requiring delicacy of the senses and acute perception, such as music,
+painting, manufacturing of delicate articles, etc. In literature they
+display refined taste, and the head is symmetrical and generally well
+developed. Those who are low in delicacy lack refinement and grace and
+should carefully cultivate these qualities.
+
+The relative absence of this element entirely or proportionately unfits
+the individual for these mental processes requiring delicacy and
+acuteness. He may possess a well-balanced organization as to temperament
+and cerebral development, but without the element of delicate quality he
+will be utterly incapable of those mental processes requiring delicate
+shades of thought.
+
+[Illustration: Sol Smith Russell--Quality Responsive.]
+
+The individual who unites the elements of strong and delicate quality
+will exhibit both power and fineness. He will be able to display more
+versatility of talent than the individual possessing the element of
+strength or delicacy alone. Those persons who have displayed great
+intelligence coupled with brilliancy, have uniformly united both
+of these elements.
+
+The element of _Responsiveness_ depends upon a certain sensitiveness of
+texture, resembling the resonance of a well tuned musical instrument,
+and a certain harmonious adjustment of parts which renders the
+individual capable of receiving a mental impression promptly and
+responding to its action. Persons possessing this quality have such
+delicate sympathy of the entire organization that the mental processes
+are exceedingly rapid, and the physical manifestations are equally
+prompt. The movements of the body are quick, the brain is active, the
+eye bright, intelligent and keen sighted, the expression of the face
+vivacious, the voice musical, the speech rapid, and the individual often
+anticipates the thought of those with whom he converses; if you hesitate
+on a word he will instantly supply it. Such persons are keenly sensitive
+to surrounding circumstances, easily impressed, and the entire
+organization seems to vibrate in unison with the impressions made upon
+it. It is not uncommon to find this condition mistaken by observers for
+the nervous temperament of the pathological classification. The true
+distinction lies in the fact that the latter is a diseased condition,
+resulting in a super-sensitiveness of the nervous system, while
+responsive quality exists in perfect health, and is a perfectly normal
+condition of a character frequently resulting in great advantage to the
+individual, and absolutely essential in many vocations. It is
+indispensable to the musician, the artist, the poet, etc., and I depend
+upon it in estimating the capacity of my subjects for various
+professions and trades, especially those involving the fine arts,
+literature, and many of the departments of merchandising.
+
+[Illustration: Mme. Janauschek. Quality Strong and Responsive.]
+
+The absence of this responsive element is marked by a general
+sluggishness of all the mental and physical processes. The movements of
+the body are slow, and the brain, while it may be capable of strong
+thought, is correspondingly slow in action. The individual does not
+yield readily to the strongest impressions, and his conversation will be
+slow, frequently tedious. Such individuals are incapable of doing
+anything in a hurry, and when urged by others frequently become
+confused. Left to their own methods, with plenty of time, they are
+frequently capable of displaying great strength and delicacy of quality,
+both in physical and mental manifestations.
+
+The intelligent reader will readily comprehend that the best
+organization is that in which the elements of strength, delicacy and
+responsiveness are harmoniously blended.
+
+The relative predominance of each element will in all cases decide
+the particular class of purposes, vocations, professions or other
+pursuits to which the subject is best adapted, other things being equal.
+Quality results from a variety of causes. Like all other personal
+peculiarities, it is, to a certain extent, hereditary. Children are, to
+a greater or less extent, certain to inherit the quality of their
+parents and immediate ancestors. But the inherited quality of offspring
+is subject to great modifications. It is definitely established that the
+temporary condition of mind and body of the parents at the moment of
+conception, materially affects the permanent quality of the offspring.
+Thus it is possible for parents to transmit to children a much better or
+much worse permanent condition of quality than they themselves possess.
+Observation also justifies the belief that children born of loving and
+affectionate parents surpass in quality those born of incompatible
+natures. The occupation and surroundings of the parents at the time of
+conception, and particularly the influences brought to bear upon the
+mother while the offspring is _in utero_, produce a lasting effect upon
+the quality of the latter. Science has long since demonstrated the fact
+that every part of the human organization is susceptible to educational
+development. Quality, like every other modifying condition, is
+susceptible to development in either direction, and the success
+attending an effort to develop either strength, delicacy or
+responsiveness of quality in any given individual, will in all cases be
+commensurate with the intelligence and vigor of the efforts expended to
+that end.
+
+The study of quality being thus understood, I introduce you now to the
+most beautiful study in the curriculum of human science, the third step
+in the phrenological estimate of character, viz.:
+
+
+TEMPERAMENT.
+
+By the term Temperament, is meant the preponderance in development of
+some element or system of organs in the body, to such an extent as to
+give to the character a distinctive recognizable type, a temper or
+disposition resulting from the predominance of some one element in the
+character which modifies and gives tone to all the rest, resulting from
+its superior development. As a matter of fact, there are as many
+different temperaments as there are individuals, no two individuals
+having the same constitution; but science classifies them under
+distinctive heads, as their developments are approximately the same, or
+as their developments are in the same general direction, regardless of
+exact degrees.
+
+
+ELECTRO-MAGNETIC TEMPERAMENTS.
+
+THE ELECTRIC TEMPERAMENT exists when electricity dominates over
+magnetism in the organization. Its characteristics are Gravity,
+Receptivity, Darkness, and Coldness. This temperament was formerly
+called the Bilious or Brunette Temperament. It is distinguished by dark,
+hard, dry skin, dark, strong hair, dark eyes, olive complexion, and
+usually by a long, athletic form of body. It is remarkable for
+concentrativeness of design and affections, strong gravity, drawing
+power and cohesiveness, strong will, resolution, dignity, serious
+disposition and expression; moderate circulation and coolness of
+temperature. It is produced by a dry, hot climate, common in southern
+latitudes and almost universal in tropical natives. Persons of this
+temperament are better adapted to hot climates because electricity
+dominates over magnetism, and they do not antagonize the climate by the
+radiation of magnetism, but rather thrive on the magnetism which they
+absorb. This temperament is closely analogous to the condition of
+tropical animals and birds.
+
+THE MAGNETIC TEMPERAMENT exists when magnetism dominates over
+electricity in the organization. Its characteristics are Vibration,
+Radiation, Heat, and Light. This temperament was formerly called the
+Sanguine or Blonde Temperament. It is distinguished by a light colored,
+warm, moist skin, light colored or red hair, fresh ruddy or florid
+complexion, light colored or blue eyes, rounded form of body, often
+plump or corpulent, large chest, square shoulders, indicating a very
+active heart and vital organs. It is remarkable for versatility of
+character, jovial disposition, fond of good living and great variety,
+changeableness, activity, and vivaciousness. The temperature of the body
+is warm and the circulation very strong. This temperament vibrates
+between great extremes of disposition, develops great force of radiation
+and driving power, and is universally characterized by warmth,
+enthusiasm, and high color. It is produced by the climates of northern
+and temperate latitudes, and is almost universal in the natives of
+extreme northern countries. Persons of this temperament are better
+adapted to cold climates, because magnetism dominates over electricity,
+consequently they produce more animal heat, and are better able to
+endure the rigors of a cold climate. The same general conditions are
+found to exist in birds and animals inhabiting northern latitudes.
+
+
+ANATOMICAL TEMPERAMENTS.
+
+The Temperaments are also classed anatomically as:
+
+MOTIVE, where the bones are large and strong and the muscular
+development is stronger than the nutritive or mental system. Persons of
+this temperament are active, energetic, and best adapted to out-door
+pursuits and vigorous employment.
+
+VITAL, in which the nutritive or vital system is most active, large
+lungs, stomach and blood vessels, and corpulent and plump figure.
+Persons possessing temperament are inclined to sedentary occupations,
+and if the brain is large and of good quality, are able to do an immense
+amount of mental labor without breaking down. They should take
+systematic exercise and avoid fats and stimulating foods and drinks to
+obtain the best results.
+
+MENTAL, in which the brain and nerves are most active. The body is not
+adapted to hard muscular labor, and there is not enough vitality of
+nutritive power to nourish the brain in the heavy demands made upon it.
+Such persons incline to mental effort and literary work, and for a time
+display great brilliancy, but sooner or later collapse, unless this
+condition is corrected, by regular hours, plenty of sleep, the absence
+of stimulants and the cultivation of muscular and vital force. This
+temperament is distinguished by a relatively large head and small body,
+pyriform face, high, wide forehead, and usually sharp features.
+
+
+CHEMICAL TEMPERAMENTS.
+
+There are three principal fluids which circulate through the body, viz.,
+arterial blood, venous blood, and lymph. As the blood passes out
+from the heart through the arteries it is strongly charged with
+magnetism and is very strongly acid in quality. As it returns to the
+heart through the veins it has expended its magnetism and its acidity
+has been very much neutralized. The lymph is an alkali fluid, and it
+circulates through the lymphatic vessels as a reserve force of vital
+food. The predominance of either of these fluids in the constitution
+greatly modifies the character and gives rise to the classification of
+the chemical temperaments. As every cell in the body comes in contact
+with an acid and an alkali fluid, we may, by estimating the relative
+quantities of each fluid, arrive at a very accurate judgment of the
+chemical condition of the body, and these elements are also valuable in
+estimating the amount of magnetism that will be produced by the
+organization through chemical action, as every cell by its contact with
+these fluids is constituted a magnetic battery.
+
+THE ACID TEMPERAMENT exists where arterial blood predominates. It is
+distinguished by convexity of features and sharpness of angles. The face
+is usually round in general outline and convex in profile, the forehead
+prominent at the eyebrows and retreating as it rises, the nose Roman,
+the mouth prominent, the teeth convex in form and arrangement and sharp,
+the chin round and sometimes retreating. The body is angular and
+generally convex in outline, with sharpness at all angles. This
+temperament is usually accompanied with great activity of mind and
+vivaciousness of disposition, and sometimes develops great energy and
+asperity. It is very likely to exhaust itself prematurely.
+
+THE ALKALI TEMPERAMENT exists where lymph is in excess over arterial
+blood. It is distinguished by concavity of features and obliquity of
+angles, or rather the absence of angles. The face is usually broad in
+general outline, and concave in profile, the forehead prominent and wide
+at the upper part, and medium in development at the eyebrows, the nose
+concave, the mouth retreating, the teeth flat in form and arrangement,
+the chin concave and prominent at the point. The body is round and
+inclined to corpulency, without angles. This temperament is usually well
+stocked with vitality, but unless actively employed is likely to become
+dull and overloaded with adipose tissue and lymph.
+
+From the foregoing observations it is evident that the temperaments
+combine in each individual according to whichever temperament is found
+to predominate in these three divisions. Thus one man will have an
+electric-motive-acid temperament, another a magnetic-mental-acid
+temperament, another a magnetic-vital-alkali, and so on through all the
+combinations which can be made from the seven elementary temperaments.
+This blending when finally estimated constitutes the temperament of the
+individual. The ideal condition would, of course, be a perfect
+equilibrium of the elements of each division, in which case the
+individual would be said to have a perfectly balanced temperament.
+
+ELECTRICITY is the genitive passion of Space. It is manifested by the
+states of gravity, receptivity, coldness, and darkness.
+
+MAGNETISM is the genitive passion of Matter. It is manifested by the
+states of vibration, radiation, heat, and light.
+
+The eternal affinities which exist between these conditions produce all
+the phenomena of _Growth_.
+
+GROWTH is the change which takes place in a structure in obedience to
+the law of conformity to the changes which take place in its
+environment.
+
+Man is the most complex organism known to this planet. He stands at the
+end of a long line of development, extending from the simplest form of
+mineral, through the vegetable and animal kingdoms, to his own position
+in the cosmos, and embracing and including in his own structure a
+representation of every form below him. But when this exceedingly
+complex structure is analyzed it is found to consist wholly of
+combinations of the simpler forms which existed before him.
+
+In the light of a rational philosophy, therefore, we are forced to
+consider man as a creature of growth and subject to exactly the same
+natural laws as the objects which surround him. Any attempt to regard
+him as an exception results in the calamities which must always attend
+presumption and ignorance.
+
+The well balanced temperament, the _temperamentum temperatum_, of the
+ancients is an ideal condition in which there is in fact no temperament,
+all the organs of the body being perfectly in harmony, and exhibiting no
+preponderance of one over the other. Many persons approximate this
+condition, but it is difficult to find one in which it is so nearly
+attained as to make the proper classification of his temperament under
+the above heads a difficult matter. However desirable such a condition
+may be from a purely physiological standpoint, the fact remains that all
+great and powerful natures, the men who have been the leaders in the
+battles of literature, art, science and war itself, have had well
+defined and pronounced temperamental conditions of organization.
+
+We have now fully demonstrated that in his scientific delineation of
+character the professional phrenologist depends upon something more than
+mere configuration of skull. The great modifying conditions of health,
+quality and temperament in every case give us the foundation of the
+character. It will be seen, some medical authorities to the contrary,
+notwithstanding, that the science of Phrenology has a firm basis on the
+established principles and known facts of Physiology and Anatomy.
+Bearing these facts in mind we will now proceed to the discussion of the
+scientific principles governing the phrenological examination of
+
+SIZE AND CONFIGURATION OF BRAIN, or the theory of the localization in
+different organs of the brain of the corresponding faculties of the
+mind.
+
+THE BRAIN is the key-board of the body. It is an error to claim that it
+is the exclusive organ of intelligence. The brain performs substantially
+the same function for the body which the key-board does for the piano,
+or which the central office of the telephone system performs for its
+various subscribers.
+
+Magnetism received from the exterior of the body is transmitted to the
+brain where it produces a result. This result in turn is transmitted to
+various portions of the body. Properly, therefore, intelligence is
+distributed over the entire body and the amount of intelligence which
+any individual possesses will be found to be in exact proportion to the
+size and quality of his body and the perfect adaptation, coöperation and
+adjustment of its parts.
+
+The brain is an oval mass of soft tissue which completely fills the
+internal cavity of the skull. It is composed of two substances, a white
+fibrous substance which forms the internal portion and a gray, cortical
+tissue which forms the external layer. This gray substance lies in folds
+or convolutions, the furrows or sulci, dipping deeply into the interior
+of the brain.
+
+[Illustration: Brain with Skull Removed.]
+
+It is found by dissection that the brain of an intellectual man exhibits
+a larger number of convolutions than one of small intellectual calibre,
+and that the convolutions are deeper and the layer of gray substance
+thicker, and in consequence of the increase in number and depth of
+convolutions there is a wider expanse of surface as well, for the
+distribution of gray matter. Hence the relative proportion of gray
+matter in different brains has come to be regarded by physiologists as a
+test of mental power. Many idiots have large and well formed brains but
+the convolutions are shallow and few and the gray matter small in
+quantity and extent of surface. Physicians often ask me how I can
+estimate the relative quantity of gray matter in a living head without
+cutting into it. I refer them to the study of quality and temperament
+which I have clearly expounded in this lecture. Do you ever find hickory
+leaves growing on a pine tree? Show me the bark of a tree and I'll tell
+you the quality of the wood within; show me the skin, the hair, the eyes
+of a man and I'll tell you the quality of every organ in his body as
+well as the quality of the brain. I recently astonished the
+superintendent of an insane asylum by pointing out to him that the
+quality of the hair, the eyes and the skin of idiots was essentially
+different from the quality of those of more highly endowed persons, and
+could be told in the dark by a person of educated sensibilities. The
+quality and texture of the brain being determined, the next step is the
+consideration of its size.
+
+Other things being equal in all natural objects, size is the measure of
+power. By the term "other things" in relation to the brain, we mean
+temperament, quality and health. This simple principle explains why a
+great many people who carry large heads are endowed with but little
+intellectual power. Their heads are filled with "sawdust," in other
+words, a brain of poor quality, supported by a feeble body, or vitiated
+by excessive temperamental conditions.
+
+Men who carry small and misshapen heads are often brilliant in certain
+directions, and this limited brilliancy in special lines causes them to
+be spoken of by superficial observers as men of great ability and
+apparent exceptions to the phrenological rule. The fact remains,
+however, that in no case is comprehensive greatness ever exhibited in a
+head of small dimensions.
+
+[Illustration: Small Head. Brilliant in Observation, Deficient in
+Reflection.]
+
+Large size of brain, accompanied with robust health, high quality and
+good temperamental conditions, gives the highest phase of powerful
+mentality and comprehensive greatness. Small size of brain, with poor
+health, low quality and erratic temperamental conditions gives the
+lowest form of mentality and constitutional inferiority. Between these
+two extremes we may find every conceivable modification and form of
+human character according to the various combinations of normal and
+abnormal conditions.
+
+Size of brain then is a measure of power when judged by an enlightened
+understanding of physiological, anatomical and pathological conditions.
+The phrenologist goes one step farther and asserts that size of brain
+in any particular region, judged by the same standards of comparison, is
+an indication of local power.
+
+[Illustration: Criminal.]
+
+[Illustration: Philosopher.]
+
+Every portion of the body is created for a specific function. You never
+see with your ears, you do not taste with your eyes, you do not walk
+with your teeth. There is no waste in nature. Every part has its special
+duty to perform. The part of the brain which lies in front of the ears
+has a different function from that which lies behind them. The parietal
+lobes of the brain are not placed in the skull for the same purposes
+which the frontal and occipital lobes represent. Every fibre has its
+function, every convolution its purpose. All that remains for us to do
+is to compare known forms of heads and note the coincidence of character
+exhibited by similar developments and the divergences of character
+accompanying diverse developments. In the past century these
+observations have been sufficiently successful to locate the general
+functions of the external portions of the brain which are situated so
+that observation and comparison are possible. Forty-two general organs
+are now located with definite certainty, and these have been subdivided
+with sufficient accuracy so that there are over one hundred localized
+centres of cerebral development which can be accurately measured and
+their mental power determined to the advantage of the individual and the
+benefit of society at large.
+
+The brain is double. It is divided into two hemispheres by the _falx
+cerebri_, a partition which follows the middle line of the skull. Each
+hemisphere contains one organ pertaining to each faculty of the mind.
+The size of each organ is estimated, not by feeling for bumps or
+depressions, but by measuring the length of the fibres of the brain from
+their common center in the _medulla oblongata_, at the head of the
+spinal column, and at a point equi-distant from the ears in the interior
+of the head. From this common centre the fibres of the brain range
+horizontally and upward in all directions like the branches of a tree.
+Development of brain fibre laterally gives a wide head, longitudinally,
+from the _medulla oblongata_ to the forehead and to the occiput, a long
+head. Development upward raises the crown; and I have in my collection
+skulls which show by actual measurement a relative difference of over
+three inches in development of brain fibre to certain localities of
+brain surface. Viewed in the light of these facts and principles as here
+expounded, the phrenological position is established, and the childish
+objections of those who sneer at this beautiful science, fall crumbling
+to the dust. The last great fact to be considered is this: Exercise of
+any portion of the body develops it, enlarges it and adds to its
+strength. Disuse weakens, paralyzes and ultimately destroys. This rule
+applies to all parts of the body, and to the brain more particularly
+because the nervous tissue of which the brain is composed is more
+rapidly used up and renewed than any other portion of the body and hence
+more susceptible to change. Phrenology solves all problems of education
+and enables every individual to develop a symmetrical and well formed
+brain, and with it a harmonious character, by pointing out those
+portions that are deficient and those that are strong, and thus enabling
+him to secure a really well trained mind.
+
+By memorizing the different organs and their functions, particularly
+those in which you are marked as excessive or deficient, and by
+practicing the observation of your daily conduct and learning to analyze
+it phrenologically, _i. e._, to note those occasions when deficient
+faculties have failed to act, and when predominating faculties have
+caused you to act hastily or contrary to good judgment, you will soon
+become painfully aware of your true faults, and by a conscientious
+action of reason and exercise of self-control will be able to correct
+them. In the same manner predominating talents may be tested and proved
+and you will rejoice in the birth of new aspirations, hopes and
+impulses, in a word you may be, by means of this science, placed in full
+command of your mental powers and learn to control and direct them as
+the skillful engineer controls and directs his locomotive.
+
+Concede the fact that these differences in form, quality, temperament
+and health mean anything, and all that we claim for Phrenology follows
+logically and as a matter of course. In the light of this demonstration
+of known facts, it follows that character can be read, and if read, then
+it can be assigned to the position of its best usefulness in the
+profession, trade or avocation suitable to the employment of the talents
+demonstrated to exist. If Phrenology gives the index to your character,
+as we have proved it does, then it also forms the key to the solution of
+the problem of matrimony by describing the character which will
+harmonize with yours in congenial companionship, financial success and
+the improvement of offspring. It likewise is a trusty guide in the
+formation of business relations as partners, employers or employees, and
+directs us in the choice of associates, teachers or companions in social
+life. It gives to the anxious parent the knowledge of inherited and
+acquired talents in cherished darlings of the household, and in every
+relation of life; at every moment of existence it is an advantage, a
+comfort, an assistance, a thing of beauty and a joy forever.
+
+In this lecture, ladies and gentlemen, I have demonstrated the theory of
+Phrenology. To-morrow night and on each of the succeeding nights of
+this course, I shall give you practical applications. To-morrow night I
+shall lecture on the "Choice of Professions and Trades," illustrating to
+you the qualities that insure success in Law, Medicine, the Ministry,
+Journalism and Teaching, in Manufacturing and the various Mechanical
+Trades, as well as the qualifications for Commercial Life in its various
+departments, wholesale and retail. I shall follow with my celebrated
+lecture on Matrimony, in which I shall expound the principles upon which
+a correct marriage may be consummated, securing amiable association,
+perfect offspring and financial success, after which I shall separate
+the sexes and continue the subject of matrimony in its physiological
+relations, under the head of "Sexual and Creative Science."
+
+[Illustration: The Phrenological Location of Faculties and Organs of the
+Brain.]
+
+
+
+
+Choice of Professions and Trades,
+
+OR
+
+HOW TO BECOME RICH.
+
+
+LADIES AND GENTLEMEN:
+
+Every young man and woman of reasonable intelligence is, or ought to be,
+possessed of a laudable ambition to be self-sustaining. To win a
+competency, to secure the necessities, to have even the luxuries of
+life, is perfectly praiseworthy, provided they are obtained in a
+legitimate manner. Every rational man seeks the occupation, trade or
+profession which ensures the profitable employment of his best talents,
+and the science which discloses to the youth at the beginning of his
+education what those talents are and how they may be developed to
+perfection in early manhood, and in what profession, trade or occupation
+he will display the greatest ability, confers upon him the greatest
+favor within the gift of knowledge, from a financial standpoint. That
+Phrenology does this, and more, it is the purpose of this lecture to
+show.
+
+The world is apt to measure a man's success by the amount of money he
+accumulates. That is properly one element of success, but it is not all.
+The real criteria of a man's success in business are, 1st, the volume
+and quality of his work; 2d, the compensation he receives for it; and
+3d, the pleasure he derives from it.
+
+[Illustration: Pugilist. Illegitimate.]
+
+Business is legitimate or illegitimate. A legitimate business
+contributes to the welfare of society, as well as to the support of the
+individual who follows it. The cobbler who mends shoes and the genius
+who builds a steamship are equally legitimate, though one contributes
+only to the comfort of a country neighborhood and the other promotes the
+welfare of a continent. Both may be successful within the limits of
+widely different capacities. An illegitimate business promotes
+temporarily the financial interests of the individual at the expense of
+the health, morals and wealth of the public. In my public and private
+examinations I have directed thousands of young men and women into
+channels of legitimate business. The fact is, there is such a tremendous
+demand for skilled labor in all departments of legitimate employment
+that it is difficult to find material to fill it. We hear much of the
+warfare between capital and labor, and strikes frequently paralyze the
+channels of legitimate trade, but the cause of the difficulty lies not
+in any real or imaginary conflict between capital and labor. The
+solution lies in the fact that every branch of legitimate labor is
+burdened with incompetent workmen, men who are in wrong occupations, who
+were never intended by nature for such work as the branches of trade
+they infest, and the skilled workmen are obliged to carry the load;
+while capital is often in the hands of those unfit to be trusted with
+its use, who manipulate it merely as the instrument of oppression and
+wrong, until the social discord is produced. If men were all graded to
+their proper vocations, if capital were entrusted only to those of
+financial skill, and labor, in its various departments, assigned to
+those of proper qualifications, every man would be employed at a fair
+remuneration, and the burden of pauperism would fall from the backs of
+our skilled workmen. There are too many men in the learned professions
+who would do better at the forge and on the farm. There are preachers
+who ought to be blacksmiths, and lawyers who would look better and feel
+better hoeing potatoes. There are those at the anvil and the plow who
+can succeed better in literature and art.
+
+[Illustration: Lawyer.]
+
+Young man, it is infinitely more to your credit to be a successful
+blacksmith, if that is in accordance with your endowment, respected by
+everybody within a radius of twenty miles because you can shoe a horse
+better than anybody else, than it is to be starving in an attic as a
+briefless lawyer, or lounging about the country as a minister of the
+gospel, eating yellow-legged chicken at the expense of the sisters, when
+you have no ability to preach.
+
+[Illustration: Minister.]
+
+Whether a man will be able to do good work, to receive lucrative
+compensation and to derive pleasure from any occupation, will depend on
+the amount and kind of sense that he possesses. Phrenology measures the
+amount of sense displayed by each man's brain, determines the kind and
+quality of his intelligence, and thus estimates his ability in any given
+trade or profession.
+
+If the brain were a single organ, every man would have the same kind of
+sense, and men would differ only in the quality and amount of
+intelligence. But Phrenology proves that the brain consists of a number
+of organs, each one representing a different variety of intelligence, a
+different sense, so that we find men varying in volume of brain and
+amount of intelligence, in the quality of brain and consequent quality
+of intelligence; and also in the relative development of the different
+organs of the brain, showing diversity of character in the kind of
+intelligence or sense, displayed by different individuals. Thus two men
+may have the same relative volume of brain, similar in quality, and
+supported by good constitutions, but widely different in development of
+the organs of the brain. One may be a gifted orator and astute lawyer,
+but utterly unable to comprehend colors or use the pencil and brush. The
+other is a talented artist but so deficient in language that he cannot
+describe his own pictures. Both are successful in their proper
+vocations, reverse their positions and ignominious failure is the result
+in both cases.
+
+[Illustration: Capable.]
+
+To constitute a success in any business a man must have _capacity_, that
+is, he must have enough of intelligence to meet the demands of the
+business, and he must have physical strength to support it. A man may
+have apparently the kind of sense required by a branch of business, and
+for a time display ability in it, but as the business increases, and its
+demands become more in volume and intensity, he fails because he has not
+enough of comprehensive intellect to take it all in. There are also
+those who have comprehensive greatness of intellect, who are fully
+capable of understanding all the requirements of a business, but who
+fail because the body beneath the brain is not sufficient in endurance
+and nourishment. Dismal failures result, and many useful lives are
+shortened, because men make the mistake of entering vocations for which
+they have insufficient mental or physical capacity. A phrenological
+examination determines beforehand the capacity of the individual and
+establishes a proper limit, within which he finds success, health,
+happiness, and the gratification of proper ambition. On the other hand
+there are many who do not realize how much their capacity is, and
+consequently remain inert to the great deterioration of body and mind.
+Nature demands that every man should use his full capacity, and the
+phrenological examination which reveals to an individual the extent of
+his usefulness is a magnificent acquisition to him who acts upon it.
+Action is the natural condition of every part of man. Action develops
+character, strength and health. Inaction results in paralysis and
+disease. It is vitally essential that every man should find out his
+capacity and use it all--no more, no less. This, Phrenology enables him
+to do.
+
+[Illustration: Incapable.]
+
+The question of capacity being thus understood, the next is the quality
+of organization.
+
+Quality is the inherent grain or texture of the substance. Men differ in
+quality as much as do the trees of the forest. You do not use the
+hickory or the oak for the same purposes that you do the pine or the
+poplar. There are differences also in the grain of metals, in the
+texture of fabrics. Gold differs essentially from iron as silk does
+from flax. Men display an infinite variety of quality, from the strong
+lumberman of the pine forests, with his corded muscles and angular
+frame, to the delicate young man who presides gracefully over the ribbon
+counter in the dry goods store.
+
+To illustrate this topic of quality: Riding on the cars one day I
+noticed a gentleman sitting near me and asked him the rather impertinent
+question, whether he had not been engaged for many years in handling
+_delicate_ machinery.
+
+"Ah," said he, smiling, "you are a Phrenologist."
+
+"Yes, sir," I replied, "we have evidently sized each other up."
+
+"Now, before I answer your question," said the gentleman, "tell me why
+you asked about _delicate_ machinery. Several men of your profession
+have approached me with similar questions about machinery. There is
+evidently something in my head which betrays that; but tell me why you
+drew the distinction in favor of delicate machinery?"
+
+"Why, my dear sir," I replied, "you are a delicate piece of machinery
+yourself. You would not harmonize with anything else. Your bones are
+small, your eyesight microscopic, your fingers tapering, your touch as
+delicate as a woman's, your _quality_ is delicate. You are not the man
+to handle heavy bars of iron, to repair locomotives, or to build
+threshing machines. I should say, sir, that watches would be about
+right for you, certainly nothing heavier than sewing machines and
+type-writers."
+
+"You are quite right, sir," said he, "I have been a watchmaker for
+twenty years."
+
+The quality of the man determines the quality of the work he should do.
+The strong, coarse, sluggish organization is adapted to occupations
+requiring power and momentum. The refined, delicate, responsive
+character will succeed best in positions calling for agility, dexterity
+and sensitiveness. The blacksmith may ruin a watch if he attempts to
+mend it, while the jeweler would not be a safe man to shoe a valuable
+horse. There is an eternal fitness of things.
+
+The occupation of an individual should be in harmony with his
+temperament. The brilliant versatility of the magnetic permits a greater
+variety of selection to the individual than the positive and
+concentrative energies of the electric temperament. The latter is
+dignified, sombre and severe, with a ready inclination to
+forego comfort and convenience to carry out a cherished object.
+It works, not better than the magnetic but more willingly. Men of the
+magnetic temperament succeed best in the cultivation of the social
+graces, the fine arts, and in those departments of literature that call
+for brilliancy of imagination, versatility of talent and variety of
+accomplishment. The leaders of great and successful armies, the
+powerful statesmen and the literary men of the world, distinguished by
+fervid genius and concentrative application, have been on the other hand
+strongly endowed with the electric temperament.
+
+When the motive temperament is in the ascendency, the character is
+marked by an almost uncontrollable desire for physical exercise. This
+temperament demands activity of body as well as brain, and the
+occupation should be such as will combine both. The vital temperament on
+the other hand is more inclined to sedentary habits, and is capable of
+doing an immense amount of mental work without breaking down. It seems
+to thrive best when loaded with responsibilities of a mental character.
+The mental temperament on the other hand will display great brilliancy
+of intellect and versatility of talent, but is in constant danger of a
+physical collapse unless constantly subjected to conditions favorable to
+recuperation.
+
+To subject a person of the delicately organized and sensitive mental
+temperament, for a long period of time, to the hardships and privations
+of an occupation requiring exposure and severe muscular exertion is the
+height of cruelty and folly. A person of the extreme vital temperament,
+under the same conditions, would find life a weary burden, though a
+limited experience in muscular exercise, under conditions favorable to
+health, would be beneficial to both. On the other hand, the motive
+temperament, confined in an office or room to books and study, with
+insufficient exercise, is in much the same condition of misery as a
+caged bird.
+
+Temperament, quality, and capacity having been duly considered, the
+ability of an individual in any given direction, depends upon the
+special development of the organs of the brain. The special sense of
+each individual is determined by an examination of the special organs of
+the brain. And it is upon this special development, in the case of every
+man, that his prerequisites for success depend, namely, the ability to
+do much good work, the remuneration for his services, and the pleasure
+derived from the occupation.
+
+I desire to call your attention to some examples of special ability,
+which are familiar enough to the experience of most of you to be
+accepted without argument.
+
+There are those who are gifted in the sense of touch above their
+fellows, who can judge of the quality of goods in the dark. There are
+others blest with penetrating eyesight. Others with a sense of hearing
+most acute. Also those with nice discriminating sense of taste and
+smell. These distinctions for a long time were regarded as the five
+senses of man, and he was believed to have only those five avenues of
+perception. Phrenology, however, subdivides these and adds others,
+vastly increasing the number of the sources of knowledge and the springs
+of human action.
+
+A great many cases of defective eyesight, so called, are in reality
+defective brain. The mechanism of the eye may be perfect, the retina and
+the optic nerve may faithfully perform their duties, but if the brain
+behind the eye be defective, the comprehension of the object or some of
+its properties is lost to the intelligence of the individual. Some
+people are "color blind." Their eyes are good enough, but they don't see
+colors; they comprehend no difference in the shades of different colored
+objects exhibited to the view. At the same time they fully comprehend
+the size, form, distance, etc., of the object. An examination discloses
+the fact that they are deficient in a portion of the brain just behind
+the middle of the eyebrow. Give such a man every material and brush of
+the painter and request him to paint a landscape and the result will be
+a daub. He has no sense of colors, he has no fitness for that kind of
+work. At the same time he may be entirely capable of a very creditable
+performance in drawing a picture with a pencil in white and black
+because that does not involve his weakness. This particular element of
+sense may, like all others, be only partially defective, but an
+examination by a competent phrenologist will disclose its exact state,
+whatever it may be. I once examined a man and remarked to him that he
+was thoroughly endowed with the qualities essential to a good locomotive
+engineer, except that the organ of color was slightly deficient. I
+remarked, "You will never experience the slightest inconvenience in
+distinguishing switch-lights and signals when you are in good health and
+sober, but a slight indigestion, or a glass of liquor, decreasing the
+power of your brain, would render your vision of colors unreliable and
+might cause a wreck, hence I advise you to keep out of the business."
+The man was a railroad engineer, and admitted that he could generally
+distinguish colors without difficulty, but that his color sense was
+lost, under the conditions I described.
+
+Those who are large in the organ of color, are artists in its
+appreciation, for the simple reason that they have more sense in this
+particular direction. On the other hand, color may be large, but
+appreciation of form, size, etc., may be deficient. The individual may
+try to paint a picture and get the colors all right, but if form is
+deficient his figures will be grotesque in their absurdity; or he may
+have good sense as to form and color, and get the sizes of his objects
+all wrong. Mechanical skill depends in a great measure upon these
+"Perceptive Faculties," as they are called: that is, those portions of
+the brain that comprehend and give the ideas pertaining to the
+properties of material objects, such as individuality, form, size,
+weight, color, etc. The trained eye and hand of the blacksmith are alike
+directed by these faculties of the mind acting through these organs of
+the brain, as he moulds a piece of iron to the proper size and form to
+fit the horse's foot. What folly then to expect good work, in a
+blacksmith shop, of a man deficient in these special senses requisite in
+that department of work; and as we study all trades and professions we
+shall find that aptitude in any line depends on the possession of
+superior development of the organs of the brain representing the
+faculties of intelligence most used and depended upon in that business.
+
+There are those who are wonderfully gifted in the organ of calculation,
+the seat of the special sense of the number of things. One who has this
+organ large will be able to count rapidly and correctly, to add,
+subtract or multiply, and he understands the relation of numbers to each
+other, their properties, and because of his superior sense in this
+direction he becomes a "lightning calculator" and is regarded as a
+mathematical prodigy. There are others who have this sense deficient,
+but they may be superior in development to the mathematical prodigy in a
+dozen other faculties.
+
+One may be developed in those organs which contribute to talent for
+music. He may have a sensitive organization, highly responsive in
+quality, a fair intellect, such an exquisite sense of time and tune,
+aided by good Constructiveness, Imitation and executive ability that he
+is able to produce music which charms the listening ear of thousands. If
+this talent is discovered in time, and he has adequate instruction and
+advantages, he becomes a magnificent success. Place him in the counting
+room, the work-shop, or on the farm and he is not in harmony with his
+surroundings, he is awkward and inefficient, he does poor work and but
+little of it, and he is regarded by his associates as an inferior
+person.
+
+[Illustration: Musician.]
+
+Some men are wonderful in their ability to comprehend machinery, and in
+dexterity in the use of tools, the special sense represented by the
+organ of Constructiveness. They seem to be perfectly at home with a
+piece of new and complicated machinery in five minutes, while others
+will work on the same thing for hours, growing more and more bewildered,
+and exhibiting little or no mechanical genius whatever, literally making
+a botch of everything they undertake. When I was lecturing in Austin,
+Texas, in 1887, several gentlemen came to see me and asked if I would be
+willing to submit to a test. They said, "We have a man in this city who
+is unquestionably a genius in a certain direction, and we would like to
+call him out for a public examination and see if you can locate him." I
+urged them to do so, at the same time remarking that that was the kind
+of a man I liked to get hold of. That night when I called for
+nominations, Mr. Geo. P. Assman was immediately elected. He came
+forward, and as I measured his head I said, "This man is a genius as a
+machinist. He has only ordinary ability in other directions, but as a
+machinist he is a marvel. He has thoughts on machinery far beyond the
+comprehension of other men, and especially in the practical handling of
+complicated work." Somebody in the audience sung out at this point
+"You've got him," and the audience broke into applause. They then
+informed me that he was a most celebrated locksmith and machinist whose
+specialty was opening combination locks on valuable safes when the
+combination was lost by the owners, or when the works were injured by
+the blasts of burglars. On one occasion he had opened a safe in New
+Orleans in a few minutes when the trained locksmiths of the safe factory
+had worked for hours and failed. He was in the right business, was
+regarded as a genius, and was respected and admired by a whole section
+of the United States simply because he employed his best element of
+sense.
+
+Some men have wonderful intellectual development and are specially
+gifted with the ability to acquire knowledge, but they may be most
+wonderfully deficient in that kind of executive force which makes use of
+it. They are largely developed in the frontal lobe of the brain where
+the intellectual organs reside, but are deficient in the regions of
+moral and physical energy; while others are largely endowed with
+ambition, physical and moral energy,--the parietal lobes are large and
+the head rises high in the crown, and they are able to use all the
+knowledge they acquire. Their intellectual capacity may be limited, but
+they are able to put their knowledge to account, and what gems of
+information they possess are made to glitter by constant use. Men of the
+first class are always rated at less than their true value of
+intellectual ability; those of the second class at a greatly
+over-estimated premium. The first may be compared to capacious barns
+where knowledge is stored like hay to become musty because it is never
+used. I have seen hundreds of boys of this character, graduate with
+great honor in college (where the only criterion applied was the
+capacity to absorb knowledge as a sponge does water), only to be
+eclipsed in after years by the boys who graduated at the foot of the
+class, who were practically in disgrace on Commencement day. In our
+popular public school and collegiate system, there is too much stuffing
+of knowledge, and too little attention given to developing the practical
+sense of the student.
+
+There are special senses which give physical and moral energy, ambition
+and industry. One man is splendidly equipped with knowledge and is
+thoroughly posted in regard to how a business should be conducted in all
+of its practical and theoretical details, but he is afflicted with
+inertia, he does not move. The unscientific observer says he is lazy,
+and that is true, but Phrenology analyzes even laziness and finds that
+it is caused by a lack of sense. Develop the organs of physical and
+moral energy, which can be easily done, and the character of the man
+becomes transformed, and he becomes a cyclone of business push and
+executive ability. Another man may be gifted with energy, but
+deficient in knowledge and business tact, and he wastes his force in
+tremendous efforts at the accomplishment of small matters. He puts as
+much mental force into opening a can of oysters as would suffice to
+destroy a building. Figuratively speaking he loads a cannon to kill a
+mosquito, the result is a great waste of energy and vitality. By proper
+cultivation of knowledge, and adaptation to pursuits employing his
+splendid energies with large enterprise, a character of this description
+is brought into harmony with the eternal fitness of things.
+
+[Illustration: Physical Energy.]
+
+There are men endowed with the sense which gives appreciation of values
+and the knowledge of property to such an extent that they are artists in
+the manipulation of finances. They accumulate fortunes, and the world
+admires their accomplishments; and one who has less of this world's
+goods is accustomed to wish that he had as much sense as Vanderbilt or
+Gould. The fact may be, that he has more sense in the aggregate than
+either, but it is not the same kind of sense. Other things being equal,
+the man with large Acquisitiveness will exhibit more sense in acquiring
+property, and the man with large Caution and Secretiveness more sense in
+economizing, than those having these organs small. It is curious to
+observe the different phases of financial sense in different
+individuals. One man will be a miser, eager to get and anxious to hold
+property; another will be close and cautious in taking care of the
+property he inherits, but will exhibit no special ability in increasing
+his riches; another displays great ability in making money, but spends
+it lavishly; while still another may show indifference to the
+acquisition of property or the care of it. All of these various
+combinations I have delineated correctly with utter strangers, in
+thousands of instances. They all depend on the development of the
+various organs of special sense, and a man may be educated at any period
+of life, so as to correct his financial sense and make him more
+successful in accumulating and holding property.
+
+Some men are good collectors, while others fail to exact their just
+dues. One man will dun his debtors with a persistence and regularity,
+and with a force and dignity which compels payment even from those who
+wish to avoid it; while another will be diffident, and often suffer the
+most humiliating emotions in presenting his demands--in fact, often
+failing to exact payment from those who are perfectly able and willing
+to meet the account. Others are careless about paying their debts, and
+lose financial standing in the community by neglecting their dues,
+without any desire whatever to avoid payment, while others are
+punctilious in financial matters to the greatest degree. All of
+which variety of financial dispositions are the result of development of
+special combinations of brain organs, and susceptible to material
+modification by proper influences.
+
+It is as absolutely essential to the success of the man of commerce that
+he should be well developed in the organs which give the financial
+instincts, as it is that the artist should be developed in those which
+give a sense of artistic effect. Hundreds of men go into bankruptcy
+every year because of deficient development in this respect, being
+crowded to the wall by the superior strength of men of greater business
+sagacity. It cannot be too strongly impressed upon the young business
+men of this country that the true road to fortune is in a correct
+knowledge of adaptation in business and in constantly educating the
+financial senses.
+
+In my written delineations of character I furnish every applicant with a
+careful analysis of his business adaptation, showing the exact condition
+of his financial instincts, as well as all others. I have also composed
+directions whereby deficient organs may be strengthened by special
+mental exercises, and I claim that the financial sense can be developed
+and strengthened as well as any other part of man's nature; and in no
+part of my professional work have I met with more satisfactory results.
+
+I once examined an utter stranger, and as I proceeded, I said, "You
+should never enter mercantile life, sir, with your present development.
+You would be bankrupt within a year, because you would trust everybody,
+and you cannot collect your small accounts." The gentleman, in great
+surprise, asked me if I knew anything of his past history personally.
+"No, sir, I never saw you nor heard of you until you entered my room a
+moment ago." He then informed me that he had failed in business three
+times, because he could not collect his small accounts, and that he had
+over $1500 due him in the city--small items against respectable
+customers that he had not succeeded in collecting. "Now, sir," he
+continued excitedly, "I want to know why that is and how you can tell
+it." I explained to him his deficient organs, and gave him my special
+rules for the cultivation of financial ability; and after instructing
+him, I told him to try some of his most collectable accounts
+according to my rules. I remained in his town a few days longer, and
+before I left he called on me with a list of over six hundred dollars'
+worth of claims he had collected, and he was jubilant. "There!" said he,
+"that is what your examination and chart has been worth to me." And by
+persistently following my instructions he developed into a very good
+collector.
+
+A man may be entirely idiotic in the sense which gives the desire for
+property and the impulse to acquire it (Acquisitiveness), while he
+exhibits excellent sense in other directions. I once examined a
+gentleman of high intellectual development who was entirely destitute of
+this sense, and I remarked to him that he was financially worthless,
+that he had no sense of value, was indifferent to the acquisition of
+property and utterly unable to make a living, as he would not be able to
+ask for money that was due him from a friend who was perfectly willing
+to pay him. He replied, "All you say is true, sir; my wife supports the
+family by sewing and washing, and I am unable to command any financial
+resources whatever."
+
+Subsequently I employed this man, as a matter of charity, to do some
+work for me, and returning to the city from a brief absence, I found
+that I owed him five dollars. I met him on the street that night and he
+informed me that his family were suffering for the necessities of life.
+Said he, "It was a scramble at our house this morning to get anything
+for breakfast, and I don't know where the next meal is coming from." My
+first impulse was, of course, to pay him the money I owed him, but I
+restrained it and waited to see if he would ask for it. He poured his
+tale of woe into my sympathizing ear for twenty minutes, and finally
+turned away and left me without his dues. As he walked away, I called
+him back and said, "Look here, my friend, do you know you are a fool?"
+
+"Oh, yes, Professor, I found that out long ago. But on what particular
+point do you find me a fool to-night?"
+
+"Don't you know that I owe you five dollars?"
+
+"Yes, sir."
+
+"Why didn't you ask for it?"
+
+"I don't know," he said in a dazed sort of way, "I simply couldn't; I
+came to you for it; I told you my circumstances hoping you would pay me,
+but I couldn't ask you for it."
+
+And he could not. His case was an extreme one; but there are many in the
+same position. The simple fact is, he did not have financial sense
+enough to ask for it. I gave him his money and told him if he needed
+more to come to me and I would help him further, and I did; but the best
+thing I did for him was to instruct him in the development of financial
+sense, and I got him far enough along, to enable him to ask for money
+when due him; but it would be a hopeless task to undertake to make a
+financier out of such a man. I also examined his oldest boy, and finding
+that he had inherited his father's weakness, I gave him and his mother
+special instruction for the development of financial ability. Two years
+later, when I visited the same city, I found him supporting his mother
+and the younger children from his own wages; and his mother brought her
+entire family to me for written examinations, and I found them well
+dressed and well fed; and the mother, with an expression of gratitude I
+shall never forget, informed me that the splendid financial energies of
+her son, were entirely due to the faithful performance of my
+instructions. And as she paid me a handsome fee for my services, and I
+looked upon her happy family, I felt that the gratuitous examination I
+had given the boy two years before had borne good fruit.
+
+I could multiply instances to prove the existence and working of each of
+the various special senses of the individual, represented by the
+phrenological organs, but I assume that the foregoing are sufficient for
+the purposes of the present lecture.
+
+It is a common mistake of parents to suppose that if a child has a
+special endowment of sense in any particular direction, it will manifest
+such strong inclinations in that direction, that these natural
+inclinations may be taken for a guide. Sometimes this is true, but
+oftener it is not the case, so that the natural inclinations of children
+are by no means safe guides in the choice of a profession, occupation or
+trade.
+
+When the circus is in town, the natural inclination of every healthy boy
+is to be a clown or bareback rider, but it does not follow, that if his
+inclinations are gratified, it is the best course he can pursue. Some of
+the most magnificent talents, on the other hand, lie dormant until they
+are carefully called out and trained by the teacher. There are also
+periods in the life of every boy and girl when new faculties seem to be
+awakened, and for a time engage the entire attention; and the watchful
+parent is apt to mistake one of these periodical outbreaks for the
+manifestation of a talent deciding the destiny of a child. At one period
+of a boy's existence he may manifest great fondness for tools and
+working in machinery; at another, for music; at another, for trading and
+merchandizing; while comparatively dormant may lie a masterly
+ability to grapple with the problems of philosophy and science, which in
+later years marks him as a genius in literature and scientific
+investigation.
+
+Sometimes a talent manifests itself at an early age, but the parent does
+not realize its scope and value, or the full character of the child, and
+he is placed in an occupation far inferior to his actual merit, or the
+measure of his capacity.
+
+A father brought his son to me exclaiming with pride, "This boy is a
+genius, and I am going to make a first-class carpenter of him, unless
+you can suggest something better, and prove that he has talent for it.
+He can take a pen-knife and a board, and carve out anything he may
+desire to make. He certainly has a genius for mechanical work."
+
+"Yes," I said, "this boy will make a first-class carpenter; he will
+succeed well in carving boards and in doing delicate joining, and as a
+foreman, or as the owner of a planing mill, he will make a good living;
+his wages may run up to five or ten dollars per day; but such an
+occupation is beneath his capacity. This boy has, in addition to his
+mechanical genius, a wonderful endowment of intellectual ability and
+scientific proclivities; and if you will send him to a first-class
+medical college and make a surgeon of him, his mechanical skill will
+have a higher field to display itself and he will _carve men_ at fifty
+dollars per day."
+
+The old gentleman hadn't thought of that, but he wisely acted on my
+suggestion, and his boy is to-day one of the brightest young surgeons in
+the state in which he lives, and he carves men, instead of boards, at
+higher prices.
+
+The ability to command a high grade of compensation for labor of any
+kind depends largely upon a man's own confidence in his skill, and his
+ability to perform work rapidly, as well as skillfully. A factory which
+can turn out double the quantity of work of its competitor, will secure
+the best contracts and give the greatest satisfaction. In the same way,
+a man who can do double the quantity of work done by a fellow-workman
+will, if his labor be equally skillful, be regarded as worth three or
+four times as much as his slower competitor. The pride and dignity
+attached to superior accomplishments doubles the value of the service.
+The best man in any department of work commands his own price, and
+people are willing to give him the full margin of profits. The _best_
+surgeon is always demanded when human life is at stake; the best lawyer
+when property of great value is involved in litigation. And when a man
+knows that he is the best in his department of work, whatever it may be,
+he has that confidence in himself which will enable him to exact good
+wages. As long as a man realizes that he is inferior, his work is at a
+discount and he himself deficient in dignity and self-confidence.
+
+An old darkey, who was famed for his skill as a butcher, was employed by
+a stranger to slaughter a hog. The service being well performed, Pompey
+demanded five dollars in payment.
+
+"Five dollars!" gasped the astonished owner of the pork, "for
+slaughtering one hog! outrageous!"
+
+"No, sah," said Pompey with dignity, "I'se only charged you one dollar
+for de work, sah. De balance am for de _know how_."
+
+It is absolutely essential, in order that one may rise to eminence in a
+profession, trade or occupation, that he should select one where he can
+use his best faculties; because he will be rated as a successful man, a
+man of mediocre talents, or a complete failure, according to the amount
+of sense displayed by the faculties he uses in his business. If a young
+man has an excellent talent for music, an ordinary degree of ability in
+mathematics, and none in regard to art, he will be a success in the
+orchestra; he may make a precarious living as a book-keeper; but if he
+starts a photograph gallery, he will disgust his customers and prove a
+dismal failure. In the first, he will be respected and admired; in the
+second, tolerated; in the third, despised.
+
+In my professional experience I have met thousands of men who were
+admired and respected as master-minds, because they were using strong
+faculties, the best they had, and the world gave them more than their
+dues, because they were ranked in mentality at the grade of their
+strongest faculties, and their weaknesses were overlooked, hidden in
+fact by the brightness of the few talents they did possess and use to
+advantage.
+
+I have examined thousands of men of equal ability who were regarded as
+very ordinary, because they were in walks of life which called forth
+only the inferior elements of their characters. I have examined
+thousands of others of equal ability, and many of magnificent endowment,
+who were limping, staggering and blindly groping down the dismal path of
+despair, because they were depending on their weakest elements, and the
+world despised and judged them unjustly, because they were ranked in
+mentality at the grade of their weakest faculties--their virtues and
+talents hidden by the fact that they were never used. It has been my
+happy privilege to place them, for the first time, in possession of the
+true estimate of their elements of strength and weakness, and to direct
+them with the absolute certainty of success into paths of usefulness,
+prosperity and enjoyment.
+
+I might confer a favor upon you, by giving you a letter of introduction
+to some rich and powerful friend of mine who could aid you in your
+business, but I confer a greater favor upon you when I give you my
+written delineation of character. It is an introduction to yourself. For
+the first time you are made acquainted with your own character. There it
+stands in bold relief; your talents and how to make the most of them;
+your faults and how to correct them; your adaptation in business,
+analyzed in such a manner that every business qualification is described
+and the reasons given why you will succeed. You are not left in the dark
+concerning the matter. The business is stated and the reasons given, and
+the reasons you can test _seriatim_ before you go to any expense in
+making a change, or in qualifying yourself for the business.
+
+The enjoyment that a man gets from his business is a legitimate part of
+the profits. It is also one proper criterion of success. A man may
+accumulate a bank account, but if it is done at the expense of the
+enjoyment of life, if every task is a burden, and every day's work a
+monotonous round of dreary duties, he is no better than a slave.
+
+When he uses the strongest faculties of his nature the result is
+constant gratification. The use of weaker elements is always at the
+expense of extra effort and pain. The muscular woodsman enjoys the
+exercise of chopping, and swings his glittering axe with dexterity and
+pride. Put a college professor at the same task, and he would be clumsy
+and suffer fatigue and mortification as well, if he escaped without
+injury to his shins. But in his school-room the professor would display
+dignity, enjoyment and skill in expounding some intricate problem to
+admiring pupils. The skillful musician becomes identified with his
+instrument, and thrills with the melody evoked by his own fingers. The
+trained accountant becomes wonderfully gifted in mathematical
+computation, and enjoys his work in like manner. The accountant might
+find the work of the musician an impossibility, and what little he did
+accomplish, a vexation; while the confinement of the counting-room, with
+its prosaic duties, would be the worst form of slavery for the musician,
+his work inferior, his capacity limited, his situation intolerable but
+for the meagre salary it might afford.
+
+A bank president called on me with his son, requesting an examination
+for the latter. As he came in, I saw that he was in a bad humor. Said
+he, "This boy is a fool. If you can find any talent in him you will
+succeed better than I have. My desire is, that he should occupy a
+position in my bank and ultimately become cashier. Our present cashier
+is a first-class business man and can add up four columns of figures at
+once, and I have sent this boy to several business colleges with the
+request that he be taught the same accomplishment. I have spent seven
+hundred and fifty dollars on this boy's mathematics, and he can't add up
+one column of figures with any certainty of being correct. If there is
+any sense in him, I would like to have you find it."
+
+I examined the boy carefully, and I did not find an idiot. I said, "Sir,
+you are doing this boy an injustice. He has but little mathematical
+sense, it is true, and he will never be able to add more than one column
+of figures with speed and correctness. Nature intended him for something
+different from a bank cashier. Give this boy a good violin, place him
+under competent instructors, spend seventy-five dollars on his musical
+education and he will display such magnificent talent that you will be
+willing to continue."
+
+The old gentleman arose in wrath, and stamped out of the room, and said
+he didn't want any fiddlers in his family. The next day, however, he
+came back and apologized. Said he, "I suppose it is better for the boy
+to be a good violinist than a poor accountant; at all events, I've
+failed so far, and I'll try your advice to the extent of seventy-five
+dollars; if he displays talents as a musician, he shall have the best
+instruction money can obtain."
+
+He kept his word, and placed the boy in a musical conservatory under
+first-class instructors, and before the seventy-five dollars was
+expended, the boy was the pride of the institution. He led his classes;
+graduated with first honors; is to-day the leader of a first-class
+orchestra and a professor in a leading conservatory; commands better
+compensation than any accountant in the city, and has an _entree_ into
+the best society at all times by reason of his accomplishments. He
+stands to-day a king among his fellows because he is using his strongest
+faculties. But the best of it lies in the fact that he enjoys his
+profession; his position is one of dignity and pleasure. Whether he
+stands before audiences at the head of his orchestra, in the drawing
+rooms of _elite_ society, or in the solitude of his study, his brain
+vibrates with the harmony of his own grand usefulness.
+
+I have a friend who holds the position of first book-keeper in a leading
+bank, and he is master of the situation because he is able to add four
+columns of figures at once with absolute accuracy. He commands a
+first-class salary for first-class work, and it is pleasurable to watch
+the pride, the dignity, and the evident enjoyment with which he performs
+the duties of his station. On one occasion I went into the bank to
+settle an account of long standing, and at the request of the cashier,
+my friend, the book-keeper, made out the account and added it up in his
+usual quick way. The cashier, being desirous of preventing any possible
+mistake, said, "Mr. B----, will you please add that up again and see
+that your figures are correct." The book-keeper was insulted. The idea
+that he might make a mistake was not to be tolerated. With an expression
+of lofty dignity that I shall never forget, he handed back the account
+without looking at it, saying, "The account is correct, sir." And as the
+cashier laboriously added it one column at a time he found that it was.
+The book-keeper was master of the situation, and he was able to
+humiliate anybody who dared to question his work. And as I saw his
+satisfaction in the discomfiture of the cashier, I said to myself,
+Verily the enjoyment of a man's business is a legitimate part of the
+profits.
+
+The enjoyment of my own business is a large share of the profits. I
+enjoy lecturing, and I enjoy examinations, because I know when I examine
+a head that I know more about it than the man who wears it, and that
+what I am about to say will do him more good than anything he ever
+heard in his life if he will heed it. And when some young man comes up
+to me in Texas, and shakes hands and thanks me for something he heard me
+say in a lecture in California, and another shows me his prosperity in
+Colorado, and draws out a chart I made for him in Missouri, telling him
+to enter that business, I enjoy it. And when I examine some diffident
+young lady and encourage her to learn accomplishments and show her the
+occupation she should follow, and years later I find her succeeding in
+all of them and developed into a grand self-sustaining woman, a mighty
+power for good in her neighborhood, I enjoy that. And when I give my
+professional sanction to the marriage of some brave young man and
+beautiful young woman, and later I find them surrounded by superb
+offspring, a good home and every indication of prosperity, and I see
+that the beauty of the wife has not faded, and that the husband is
+stronger and braver and more tender than he was, I enjoy that.
+
+Commercial reports show that only a fraction over two per cent. of
+business enterprises are successful. The rest are failures because they
+are managed by men who do not possess the kind of sense required.
+
+The question presents itself to every young man and woman at this
+moment: Will you be a success, or will you join the long, dismal
+procession of failures? If you really desire to succeed, you should
+first find out the true measure of your abilities. My delineation of
+your character is the surest guide, because it is the estimate placed
+upon your capacity, your quality, your temperament, your special
+development of sense, by an impartial friend, a skillful critic, guided
+by the light of science and a conscientious regard for your welfare.
+
+In coming to me for examinations, come prepared to know the truth. I am
+not here to flatter you, nor am I here to ridicule or abuse your
+weaknesses. I have for many years enjoyed a magnificent practice, gained
+by strict candor and honesty with my patrons, who have long since
+learned that I spare no pains to know the facts, and knowing them I fear
+no consequences in relating them as they are.
+
+I will tell you every element of your character as nature and
+circumstances have combined to develop them. I will not flatter you, but
+I promise you that I will find more good in you than you have ever found
+in your own organization, and I will tell you how to turn that good to
+the best practical account. I will describe your business qualities, and
+analyze them, showing you how to improve and correct them; and if you
+are in the proper business already, this knowledge will enable you to
+develop more perfect usefulness and strengthen your confidence for the
+future. If you are not in the right profession, trade or occupation, the
+sooner you find it the better, and make use of your opportunities. I
+will tell you the very best you can do, and prove it to you by reasons
+_seriatim_, and convince you that it will be as natural for you to
+succeed in that business as it is for a cork to swim, and for the same
+reason, because the law of nature commands that it should be so. Brain
+is money, character is capital, knowledge of your resources is the
+secret of success.
+
+I wish to say a word to the ladies at this point. In this lecture I have
+used the term "man" in its generic sense, as the old preacher did when
+he announced that his congregation numbered two hundred and fifty
+brethren, and then qualified it by remarking that the brethren
+"embraced" the sisters. Phrenology discloses the fact that women have as
+many varieties of temperament, quality, capacity and size and special
+development of brain organs, as men. Every woman as well as every man is
+endowed with a certain line of talents, and when she enters her proper
+vocation she succeeds at it, no matter what it may be. Women have
+succeeded wherever men have, as rulers, as leaders of armies, as
+physicians, lawyers, in the world of commerce, in the shop, the factory,
+and on the farm. There is a great deal of bosh written and spoken about
+"woman's sphere." The proper sphere of every individual man or woman is
+in that line of work for which nature intended them, and for which they
+are endowed with the proper development of brain and brawn. And, ladies,
+when you come to me for examinations I shall be just and honest enough
+to tell you where you belong; and if I can find you something which will
+take you out of competition with the Negroes and Chinamen I shall
+certainly do so.
+
+To parents, also, I wish to say that this is the opportunity you must
+not neglect. You have no right to bring children into the world unless
+you are willing to promote their welfare and give them the best
+opportunities to enjoy whatever nature has endowed them with, in the
+nature of talent. Do not allow the trifling cost of an examination to
+stand in the way of obtaining this priceless knowledge, which will
+enable you to direct their growing minds into the channels which promise
+so much of usefulness, so much of health, happiness and financial
+prosperity.
+
+Some parents have an idea that children are too young to be examined,
+and they make this excuse at every age, from one month to twenty years.
+They seem to doubt our ability to impart valuable information about a
+child until the character is "developed." They lose sight of the true
+object of an examination, which is to determine _in what direction the
+child shall be developed_. The parent is often the architect of the
+child's fortunes, but what would we think of an architect who waited
+until the building was completed before he planned it? When the
+character is "developed," according to the idea of these people, the
+greatest advantage of an examination has been lost. We can tell the
+youth of twenty-one, or the business man of forty, what his talents are,
+and how they may best be employed, and how they may also be improved to
+the extent of that limited development which can be made after maturity
+by persistent effort; but in the case of the young and growing child the
+information given in time, is a thousand fold more valuable, because it
+is in that formative, plastic condition where it is like the clay of the
+potter in the hands of the skillful parent or teacher. And when parents
+ask me how young a child may receive the benefits of an examination, I
+answer as soon as you are able to bring them to me, the younger the
+better; and when you reflect upon the fact that more than half the
+children die in infancy, the value of competent phrenological advice may
+be appreciated. In thousands of cases I have warned parents of
+predispositions to disease in their little darlings, and enabled them to
+avoid the conditions which, in the absence of my advice, would have
+certainly destroyed the health and life of the little ones. Moreover, at
+an early age a defect may be easily overcome, which at a later period
+would ripen into a permanent deformity, such as defects of vision, color
+blindness, defects of speech, stammering, stuttering, lisping, defects
+of walk, and every other defect caused by a deficient development of
+brain organs.
+
+To know with scientific accuracy the special talents of an individual in
+early youth, is to make his fortune. Without this knowledge much
+valuable time is lost by parent, teacher and pupil in useless
+experiments. With the knowledge which Phrenology imparts, intelligently
+acted upon, the development of a strong mind, sound body, brilliant
+accomplishments, splendid talents and successful business, is an assured
+fact, and the youth enters upon his early manhood fully equipped with
+everything which will enable him to accomplish a vast volume of good
+work, achieve financial success, and enjoy that happiness which can only
+come to the successful man.
+
+Our rooms are open from 10 o'clock A. M. until 6 P. M. The reception
+room opens at 9, for the accommodation of those who wish to come early
+and be first served. Take your seat in the reception room, and I will
+reach you as rapidly as I can. I never hurry my work at the expense of
+thoroughness, and when I have a subject under my hands I tell him
+everything which will do him good, no matter how many others may be
+waiting. When it comes your turn you may expect the same courtesy. But I
+never waste time, and if you desire to ask any questions please have
+them written down, and I will answer them promptly and correctly. While
+you are in the reception room you will be elegantly entertained, and
+when I reach your case you may expect the best results which scientific
+knowledge, careful examination, lucid explanation, and a fraternal
+interest in your welfare can give.
+
+To-morrow night I lecture on the soul-absorbing topic of Matrimony, at
+the conclusion of which lecture I shall examine several young ladies and
+select husbands for them from the audience.
+
+
+
+
+Matrimony
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+_LADIES AND GENTLEMEN_:--
+
+As I stand committed, before the public, as the originator of a system
+of Matrimonial Selection and Creative Science, you have a right to
+demand of me that I shall present to you to-night a statement of
+something practical that will stand the test of your criticism. And I
+desire to say, in the outset, that in this lecture I shall endeavor to
+lift my subject above the plane in which it is ordinarily treated. I
+don't believe I ever announced a lecture on Matrimony, that I did not
+detect the ripple of a smile on the face of my audience, as if they
+regarded the whole subject as a huge practical joke, something
+wonderfully funny, on no account to be considered seriously.
+
+Marriage is in fact a serious and a scientific problem, the solution of
+which may well engage the attention of the most profound intellects, and
+may well engage yours, because in its proper solution is embodied the
+advancement of society, the happiness of its members--nay, more, the
+salvation of the race itself; and yet it is, of all questions, most
+neglected. Young ladies and gentlemen reach maturity and marry without
+the first rudiments of knowledge in regard to the importance of the
+relation; in most cases in absolute ignorance of all the great
+physiological facts pertaining to conjugal selection and improvement of
+offspring, with little or no knowledge of the characters of either
+themselves or their consorts. The result is, what might be expected, a
+fruitful harvest of misery, crime, pauperism, disease, and death.
+Occasionally circumstances produce a happy combination, and the result
+is a reasonably correct union in spite of ignorance; but such cases are
+so rare that they are like oases in the desert, and the subject of
+universal admiration and comment when they occur. The most casual
+observer notes, that unhappiness is the rule in the married state, and
+conjugal felicity the exception. A recent discussion of the question,
+"Is Marriage a Failure?" has brought out so many exhibitions of
+domestic misery that society is startled into a serious consideration of
+the question at last.
+
+It is my purpose to show, in this lecture, that there is a sensible
+solution of this great problem. That whenever we bring to bear upon this
+question the same amount of scientific thought and reasoning common
+sense, that we display in all things pertaining to financial values, the
+results would be fully as satisfactory. I plead for Investigation; I ask
+for Knowledge; I beg for Candid Thought and Scientific Experimentation.
+
+When I was lecturing in Kansas, some years ago, I had occasion to visit
+an old friend, a wealthy farmer, who had an interesting family of seven
+very marriageable daughters. And in conversation with me, the old
+gentleman expressed himself as greatly concerned about their matrimonial
+prospects. Knowing that I was investigating the scientific bearings of
+matrimony, he said to me, that if there was any light which I could
+throw upon the subject, which would aid him or his daughters in the
+selection of suitable husbands for them, he would consider himself under
+obligations to me for life. "But," said the old man, sadly, "it's no
+use, marriage is a lottery anyhow. If you draw a prize, well and good;
+if you draw a blank, you must make the best of it. You may lecture from
+now until doomsday and it won't do any good. When they fall in love,
+they're going to marry, and they won't listen to reason."
+
+"Well, my friend," I replied, "I should regret to have to entertain or
+express the opinion of your daughters that you have just uttered. If I
+did so, I should consider you entirely justifiable in ejecting me from
+your premises. It is an insult to the intelligence of your daughters to
+assert that they would not display sense and reason in the selection of
+a husband, as in anything else, _if they had any knowledge upon which to
+act_. Let me ask you a few questions which will prove my position. I
+want to buy a valuable horse, could your daughters aid me in the
+selection of the animal?"
+
+"Oh, yes," exclaimed my old friend, with evident pride, "my daughters
+know all about horses, sir. They have broken the most unruly colts that
+were ever raised on this farm. They can tell whether a horse is most
+suitable for draft, speed or breeding purposes, as soon as they look at
+him. They can tell how much it will take to feed him, and how far he can
+travel in a day without injury. My daughters are accomplished
+horsewomen, sir."
+
+"Good," I answered, "valuable knowledge, sir, for young ladies to
+possess, especially if they expect to become farmer's wives. I also want
+to buy a valuable farm, could your daughters aid me in the selection of
+the property?"
+
+"Certainly, sir," said the old gentleman, warming up with the subject,
+"my daughters have been instructed in all that pertains to scientific
+agriculture. They can not only select a good farm, from practical
+experience, but they have had scientific, theoretical training as well,
+under competent teachers. They can analyze the soil and tell you its
+chemical constituents, and they know what kind of soil is suitable for
+every crop you can name."
+
+"Capital, sir; I rejoice to know that your daughters are so well
+informed, and have had such excellent instruction and advantages. I now
+wish to select a good man, can your daughters aid me now?"
+
+"Ah!" said my old friend, sadly, "I see, sir, that you have us all at a
+disadvantage on that question. My daughters have been neglected in that
+branch of education, and with my sixty years of experience, I must also
+admit that I am incompetent to aid either you or my daughters in the
+selection of a _man_."
+
+Here is the solution of the whole question. While the human race is
+interested in everything pertaining to literature, the arts,
+manufacture, commerce, religion, and science, the welfare of the race
+itself has been sadly overlooked. And the admission of my old farmer
+friend can well be made by all of you. And what I said to him in
+concluding our conversation, I now say to you. You have spent many hours
+in instructing your children in all that was desirable in literature,
+art, science, commerce, and religion. You have surrounded them with
+educational advantages; but you have neglected to instruct them on this
+vital topic of matrimony. You have treated it lightly or with
+indifference. You have left them in ignorance of the great social and
+physiological facts which surround it; and then you wonder when they
+marry upon blind impulse, and you call it lottery. Of course, they can't
+display judgment when they have no facts to exercise judgment upon. And
+you feel offended when your child marries contrary to your advice, when
+you have been exposing your ignorance to that child ever since it was
+able to comprehend anything. You set yourself up as an authority on this
+question, when your youngest baby is fully alive to the fact that you
+are a total ignoramus in regard to it.
+
+For my part, I admire the spirit of the young man or woman who,
+realizing the discouraging failure of the old folks, starts out on a new
+line in obedience to one of nature's impulses, independent alike of
+paternal wrath or criticism. If such a one will consult the dictates of
+science in shaping and directing the impulse, the marriage will be much
+more likely to be happy, than those formed in deference to parental
+wishes, which, in a majority of cases, we regret to say, are dictated by
+merely prudential if not sordid reasons.
+
+Before we discuss the main issue of our subject to-night, it may be
+interesting and instructive to ask: Why do people marry, anyhow? Did
+you ever think about that? There are a number of reasons, and we will
+discuss some of them.
+
+A great many people marry because it is fashionable. They never stop to
+reason about it; they simply observe that nearly everybody else marries,
+and consequently they jump to the conclusion that it is the proper thing
+to do. Like most devotees of fashion in other things, they find it a
+very unprofitable investment.
+
+A great many men marry, because they want a servant. That's unprofitable
+also. Young man, you can hire your washing and ironing done by a
+Chinaman, and live in a first-class boarding house with much less
+expense. It don't pay.
+
+Some women marry because they want a home, and they find--a
+penitentiary. I visited a state prison a few days ago, and I found
+inside the walls a lot of convicts that were having a much better time
+than some married people of my acquaintance.
+
+A large number of men and women marry for money. That don't pay either
+in the long run. Young man, don't marry a hundred thousand dollars with
+a girl attached, because some of these days you'll find that the money
+has taken wings and flown away, and you'll have a girl on your hands,
+and you won't know what to do with her. Right here, I want to say to my
+friends who are disposed to look upon money as the most valuable of all
+things, that if you marry according to my instructions you will marry
+the conditions which produce money. To marry for money, or to marry a
+person who possesses a fortune for no other reason, is a monstrous
+wrong, sure to be punished.
+
+Some refined people marry for beauty. The motive is correct as far as it
+goes, but in practice we find few people competent to judge of beauty,
+or to use it correctly. The result is, that most people make the mistake
+of marrying a fragment of beauty only, or they marry beauty which is not
+of the kind or quality available in their cases. A man falls in love
+with a pretty hand, a shapely figure, a handsome mouth, or a pair of
+beautiful eyes, and he finds upon the more intimate acquaintance of
+marriage that the _tout ensemble_ is far from being what he desired in a
+wife.
+
+A young lady becomes enamoured of a magnificent specimen of physical
+manhood, but she finds to her sorrow that, notwithstanding his beauty,
+his whole character, in fact, is totally inharmonious with her own.
+
+Some young ladies marry in a hurry, because they imagine that good
+husbands are going to be scarce in the future, and they live to wonder
+what a supply the market affords in later years. Young ladies, take my
+advice and be deliberate. There are going to be hundreds of good men
+after you are all grandmothers.
+
+The real reason why people marry, is because it is natural to do so. It
+is in accordance with a law of nature. To understand this fully we must
+study natural history for a few moments. As we observe the various
+orders of plants and animals, we find that in the lower forms of life,
+in vegetable or animal, the male and female principles are embodied in
+one individual; and that individual, being entirely capable of
+reproducing the species to which he belongs, stands as a perfect
+representative of that kind or species. We observe, however, that in the
+higher orders of plants and animals, the male and female principles are
+separated--are embodied in two separate individuals, and it requires the
+union of two of these individuals of different sex to reproduce the
+species, and it takes the two individuals, the male and female, to
+furnish us with a complete representation of that species.
+
+Man is created in two parts, male and female, man and woman, and it
+requires the union of these two to reproduce the race, and to furnish us
+with the perfect specimen of the unit of humanity. The man or woman,
+considered separately, do not furnish us this complete ideal of
+humanity, but on the contrary each is incomplete without the other.
+
+The conclusion which I wish you to draw from this argument is: that the
+old bachelor is only half of a man, which is a correct way of expressing
+his status in society. Why, my dear sir, you might as well expect to
+pull across the Atlantic Ocean in a water-logged skiff, with only one
+oar, and make a successful voyage of it, as to pull across the ocean of
+life without the help of a good woman. And I have my suspicions of the
+morals, as well as my contempt for the taste of a man, who can wander
+through this country and see as many bright eyes, ruby lips, rosy
+cheeks, and shapely figures, as one may encounter any day in the week,
+and who does not marry.
+
+Marriage then may be regarded as the natural condition of every mature
+man and woman. And, because it is natural to marry, there is all the
+more reason why it should be carefully studied, and why the human race
+should learn to form marriages in accordance with Natural Law.
+
+When we study Matrimony in the light of Science, we find that it is
+surrounded and governed by Natural Laws, as inevitable in their
+consequences as the law of gravitation, and that the marriage relation
+is happy or unhappy as these laws have been obeyed or broken.
+
+To constitute a perfect marriage, three great objects must be attained.
+The absence of any one of these from the marriage will cause its
+ignominious failure. There must be
+
+_First._--Such physiological conditions as will insure the improvement
+of offspring and the perpetuation of the race, for the accomplishment of
+which object, marriage is primarily established.
+
+_Second._--Amiable Companionship and Congenial Association. The married
+pair must live together, and their mutual interests, as well as the
+interests of society, demand that the association be pleasant.
+
+_Third._--Mutual helpfulness in financial affairs and the
+maintainance of the establishment.
+
+It is absolutely necessary that all three of these elements should
+combine to form the perfect marriage. Many good people imagine that if
+they can only live together in an amiable way, and have no serious
+quarrels, that they have reached the beau ideal of happiness. There are
+others who look only to the financial welfare of the union, and if the
+conditions seem favorable to the production of wealth, they approve of
+the marriage; but the fact remains that both of these conditions may be
+present and the marriage still be most unhappy.
+
+When I was lecturing in the State of Indiana, some years ago, I had
+occasion to discuss this subject with the Mayor of a certain city, who
+informed me, with great glee, that he had "sold out" a Phrenologist, as
+he expressed it, on the occasion of his marriage. Said he, "My wife and
+I were examined the day before we married, by an eminent Phrenologist,
+who pronounced us totally unfitted for each other, and strongly urged us
+not to marry. Now, sir, I have lived with that good woman for forty
+years, and we've never had a quarrel, and we've made a good living into
+the bargain."
+
+I did not want to hurt the old man's feelings, and I felt that if he
+could get any comfort out of that marriage, I would be the last one to
+take it from him, so I kept silent; but when I looked over his family,
+and I counted five children that were partially idiotic, I thought that
+the Phrenologist had decidedly the best of the argument.
+
+And suppose you do live with a good woman for forty years and never have
+a quarrel, is that anything to your credit? Certainly not. The man who
+couldn't live with a good woman for forty years, and not insult her,
+ought to be ridden out of town on a rail. And the woman who can't live
+with a good man, the same length of time, without getting her name on
+the police court records for smashing a frying-pan over his head, is not
+fit to move in good society.
+
+It is desirable that the association of man and woman in marriage should
+be amiable, but that is not all that is to be desired. Neither is the
+physiological improvement of offspring the sole thing to be considered.
+The married pair may surround themselves with beautiful children, but if
+the conditions of the marriage have made them poor, if the parents are
+unable to educate their children, or to give them the necessities and
+advantages which are prompted by a laudable ambition, life will be shorn
+of most of its charms. And, on the other hand, if life is spent in one
+long scramble for riches, and there is in the union nothing but the
+elements of sordid wealth, the actual standard of that marriage, as to
+the true richness of life, will be poor indeed.
+
+These three grand consummations of Amiable Association, Financial
+Success, and Physiological Improvement are most devoutly to be wished,
+but how shall they be attained?
+
+Before I proceed to give you my own theory, I want to tear down one or
+two others. I am nothing if not combative, and believe that the best way
+to establish truth is to begin by tearing down error. I wish to attack,
+in the first place, a theory much taught and too generally practiced,
+that one should seek, in matrimony, a companion as near like himself as
+possible. It is astonishing to see what a hold this theory has upon the
+public mind, considering the fact that it never has had any good results
+to support it. A distinguished Physiologist, in a recent work which has
+been extensively circulated, uses these words in speaking of a proper
+selection in matrimony:--
+
+"What should be sought for is a congenial companion. A congenial
+companion is one who, under any given set of circumstances, will think,
+feel and act exactly as we would, not for the sake of agreeing with us,
+but of his own free will, etc."
+
+We consent that a congenial companion should be sought for, but we
+differ very much from the learned gentleman, just quoted, as to what
+constitutes a congenial companion. To comply with the conditions he
+expresses, presupposes that the persons, who are to be congenial
+companions, must be alike in character, temperament, disposition; for if
+they differ in any of these, Phrenology proves that they will, under the
+same combination of circumstances, think, feel and act differently also.
+We will examine this theory in the light of results and see how it will
+work.
+
+We will suppose the case of a man of the Bilious Temperament, dark
+complexion, hair and eyes; Moderate Caution; small Vitativeness, Hope
+and Self-esteem; large Destructiveness and Acquisitiveness. Such a
+combination gives a strong tendency to suicide in cases of financial
+loss. We marry him to a wife exactly like himself, and one day he comes
+home and informs her that an unlucky speculation has carried away their
+fortune, and he has resolved upon suicide. His wife, being a person "who,
+under any combination of circumstances, thinks, feels and acts" exactly
+as he does, raises no objection. "All right, my love. You take arsenic,
+and I'll take strychnine," and they go to perdition together. There is
+not enough vitality in such a marriage to last them over one disaster.
+
+Study this theory to its legitimate conclusion in all cases, and you
+will find that its results are disastrous. Moreover, it is contrary to
+nature. It is not because a man is like a woman that she admires him. If
+this were true, the little emasculated dudes, who cannot raise
+moustaches, would be more in demand. It is not because a woman is like a
+man that he loves her. If this were true, the bearded lady in the Dime
+Museum would be at a premium on the matrimonial market. It is because
+each is unlike the other, and because each recognizes in the other
+something, without which nature is incomplete, that love exists, and
+each is attracted to the other by a force as irresistible as gravitation
+itself.
+
+But another fellow comes along and proposes to remedy the whole matter
+with another theory. And he tells you to marry somebody who is your
+opposite in everything; somebody who, under every combination of
+circumstances, will think, feel and act differently from your own
+impulses. And he hopes, by the fact that you will pull one way and your
+companion another, to establish some sort of an equilibrium that will
+keep you on your feet. If we follow this theory, like the other, to its
+legitimate conclusion, we will find the old problem repeating itself,
+"When an immovable body meets an irresistible body, what is the result?"
+According to this theory, I should step into this audience and select
+the most delicate, refined and accomplished lady among you and marry her
+to a South African cannibal, and I would produce correct results.
+
+The Mormon and the Mohammedan advocate polygamy. The Koran says a man
+must have four wives in order to always be able to find one in a good
+humor. There is one answer to polygamy which forever settles the
+question. The highest orders of animals and men are gifted by nature
+with an instinct prompting the union, in pairs, for life of the male and
+female. This instinct is located in the occipital region of the brain,
+and is called, in Phrenological language, Conjugality. It is large in
+the lion and the eagle, and in all mating birds and animals. Those
+animals which associate promiscuously are devoid of this sense. There is
+no grander example of conjugal fidelity than the eagle, the monarch of
+birds, building, with his consort, their rugged home on the breast of
+some beetling crag, and there rearing their offspring and remaining true
+to each other for a lifetime, and at last, when disabled by age,
+nourished and fed by the young birds, no doubt impelled to the filial
+task by respect for their magnificent virtues.
+
+If the sense of conjugality is omitted from the organization of a man or
+woman, they cannot be held responsible if they fail to conform to its
+impulses. But let every man or woman, in the possession of a complete
+brain, conform to the instincts of nature and emulate the virtue of the
+eagle. Those who practice polygamy, or who associate promiscuously, or
+are guilty of conjugal infidelity, are, in plain scientific language,
+_deficient in sense_--the sense of conjugality.
+
+It being, therefore, the law of nature that man and woman should unite
+in matrimony, what rule of selection may we establish which, in all
+cases, shall be productive of agreeable association, financial success
+and such physiological conditions as will result in the improvement of
+offspring?
+
+It has been stated that Order is Heaven's first law. With equal force it
+might be added that Harmony is the first law of nature. The law of
+Harmony pervades all nature, and men and women have long since learned
+to recognize it in many departments of study, inferior in dignity and
+importance to the topic of this lecture. As you have long studied
+harmony in its application to music, and colors, I introduce the study
+of harmony to you to-night, but it is harmony in its relation to
+Humanity in the law of matrimonial selection. There is harmony and
+discord in music; there is harmony and discord in the science of colors;
+and in the grand symphony of Humanity, the law is just as applicable;
+its obedience results in the beauty and accord of domestic felicity, its
+disobedience furnishes the deformity and discord of society.
+
+All ladies recognize the law of harmony in colors; and in the selection
+of a dress or bonnet, they try to secure colors that will harmonize with
+their complexions. They do not all understand the law sufficiently to
+always conform to it, as I frequently see ladies in my audience who have
+blundered in this respect, and who wear articles hideously unbecoming.
+But they all try, and you cannot inflict a greater punishment upon a
+woman than to compel her to appear in church, or at a lecture, in a
+costume in which she knows she has violated this law. But, ladies, just
+think for a moment, if it is a misfortune to have to wear for a season a
+dress or bonnet which is not becoming to you, what a calamity it is to
+be compelled to wear a husband who does not harmonize with you, and that
+for life. And the worst of it is, they never wear out.
+
+Every musician in my audience understands that, in music, if I strike
+two notes, of the same pitch and quality, I have produced no harmony, I
+have only intensified the volume of the tone. If I strike a first and
+third, or a first and fifth, I produce harmony, because the vibrations
+of those notes, in combination, are such as produce an agreeable sound.
+If I strike certain other notes, I produce a discord, and the sound is
+unpleasant. We cannot have harmony without a difference in pitch and
+quality, but we can have difference in pitch and quality without
+harmony. To produce perfect music, we must have soprano, alto, tenor and
+bass to carry all the parts. The tenor and soprano would furnish us a
+very poor concert, and the alto and bass alone would produce rather
+monotonous music. But we have studied harmony in music until we have
+evoked divine results, and our achievements in harmony of colors has
+beautified the world with transcendent art.
+
+In the Science of Humanity there are certain combinations of
+constitution which, in matrimonial association, are harmonious. There
+are certain other combinations which are discordant. The union of
+harmonious natures results in agreeable association, financial success
+and perfection of offspring. The attempted union of discordant natures
+results in domestic misery, divorces by wholesale, pauperism, disease
+and crime, and worst of all, the perpetuation of all these evils in a
+deformed, diseased and vicious posterity.
+
+In stating the law of harmonious selection, the general rule is, that
+the parties should bear a _complementary_ relation to each other. That
+is to say, there should be such a combination of temperaments,
+dispositions and appearances, that any departure from the correct ideal
+of perfect humanity in the one should be supplied by the development of
+the other, in order that the two organizations, when added together,
+should constitute a perfect type of Humanity.
+
+The reasonableness of this rule is apparent the moment that its effects
+upon offspring are comprehended. The child inherits the joint
+organization of the parents. It can never be better than the sum total
+of the parental organizations. It may be better or worse than either of
+these, according to circumstances. It can never be better than both,
+except as education may develop possibilities as inherited from both.
+If, therefore, the father is capable of transmitting to the child
+certain vigorous elements of constitution, which were weak in the
+mother, and on the other hand the mother endows the child with certain
+graces of intellect which were deficient in the father, the result is
+perfection of offspring through complementary association.
+
+The same rule holds good in the matter of amiable association. When each
+contributes to the other, elements of character necessary to convenience
+and happiness, the mutual esteem and respect generated by the knowledge
+of the indispensableness of each to the other's interest, is the surest
+guard to amiability.
+
+Likewise as to financial affairs. It is easy to understand that the
+individual will be most successful in the affairs of life, who unites in
+himself all the elements of a perfect organization. Therefore, in the
+consummation of all partnerships, matrimonial or purely commercial, the
+application of this rule unites in the organization every element
+essential to success.
+
+In the application of this rule, it is necessary to consider, First, the
+character of the individual under examination; Second, the type of
+humanity we desire to form; Third, the ideal character necessary to the
+accomplishment of the end in view.
+
+The error committed by most physiologists, who have experimented with
+this question, lies in the fact that they have had in mind only one
+ideal as a perfect type of humanity, and they have tried to grade all
+their subjects up to this solitary ideal. Humanity, however, presents as
+many phases as the various climates, occupations, stages of culture, and
+conditions of life might be expected to produce, in various combination,
+and we may have a perfect type of humanity, adapted to every climate, to
+every occupation, to every grade of society, but differing in each.
+Every individual, under every condition of life, may find his proper
+complementary associate, adapted to the same conditions of life, but
+possessing a different character, harmonious with his own.
+
+Nature has not left us in the dark with reference to this question. She
+surrounds us with every incentive to obey her laws, rewards her obedient
+children with every pleasure the senses can afford, and punishes the
+disobedient with pains and penalties too numerous and severe to
+catalogue. Observation is all that is necessary to teach us the law of
+harmony. We know that the bright red of the rose is heightened in effect
+by the dark green of the leaf behind it. We observe that chords in music
+are agreeable to the ear. And we have only to use the same observation,
+in respect to matrimony, to distinguish certain combinations that
+produce all that is rich and grand and beautiful in domestic life, and
+to know others in which the effect is altogether wrong.
+
+Society has long since learned the distinction between the Brunette and
+Blonde the Electric and the Magnetic Temperaments. And the fact is also
+known that it is natural for those of light complexion to admire those
+of dark, and _vice versa_. The novelist and the actor recognize this
+principle, and if the story is well told, and the drama well made up,
+the hero and the heroine are made to conform to these complexions. The
+society belle who gives a party, if she be a blonde, invites some
+dark-eyed lady friend as a foil to her beauty; and the dark-complexioned
+friend responds cheerfully to the invitation, conscious that her own
+beauty will be heightened by the contrast. The blonde and brunette are
+complementary to each other, as far as the temperament is concerned. The
+Magnetic Temperament is distinguished for its rich arterial circulation
+and versatility of character, which is deficient in the Electric. The
+Electric on the other hand, is noted for its strength of bone and muscle
+and concentrativeness of character, traits deficient in the Magnetic.
+United, the combination possesses the warmth and versatility of the
+Blonde with the endurance and power of the Brunette. In the union of the
+Blonde and Brunette, the law of color is also conformed to, and both
+appear better than either would apart, or than either would, combined
+with a person of the same temperament.
+
+To illustrate this principle more completely, I will give a few
+examples.
+
+I will take first the case of any man who is a complete type of the
+extreme brunette or Electric Temperament, and marry him to a lady of the
+same type. At once we see that the law of harmony has been violated.
+They are too much alike. They look like brother and sister. They are, in
+fact, physiologically related. They were created under the same general
+conditions of birth, and have inherited the same peculiarities of
+constitution. They do not look as well together as either would
+separately. They possess the same virtues, it is true, but there is an
+excess of their peculiar good traits, so that they are in danger of
+becoming vices. Two bodies cannot occupy the same space at the same
+time; they jostle each other and promote discord. Notice that, in this
+couple, each possesses the immense base of brain, the narrow pyramidal
+form of forehead, the serious expression and the indications of dynamic
+energy peculiar to the Electric Temperament. In this combination there
+is an absence of versatility, of blandness, agreeableness, sympathy and
+warmth. All is cold, hard, forcible, unyielding and serious on both
+sides. The brunette is essentially, a fighting character, the man to
+fight the battles of his country, of his clients, of his political
+faction or party. United to such a character as shown in this
+combination, he would have a wife possessing the same aggressive
+qualities, and he would return from the battles of the day to find a new
+conflict awaiting him at his own fireside; and in couples mis-mated in
+this way, the conflict usually lasts all night, to the great disturbance
+of the neighborhood.
+
+But if we conform to the law of nature, and unite the brunette to a
+superbly vitalized blonde, a different effect is produced. Combined with
+such a character as the brunette her versatility, refinement, warmth and
+enthusiasm are exactly what he needs to round out the rugged phases of
+his character, and supply the elements deficient in his constitution.
+While she in turn needs his executiveness, his dignity, his seriousness
+and positive elements to balance her tendency to frivolity, and make her
+accomplishments and versatility valuable. Recognizing, each in the
+other, characteristics indispensable to happiness, amiable association
+and financial success is assured, while the offspring is sure to inherit
+an excellently well balanced organization if other conditions are at all
+favorable.
+
+Let us now consider the Magnetic Temperament, of which any blonde man
+furnishes us an excellent example. If we marry him temporarily to a
+blonde lady, we have produced discord again. They do not look as well
+together as either would apart. They are too much like brother and
+sister. There is too much warmth, enthusiasm, versatility and
+inflammability about this combination. There is not enough of
+seriousness, dignity, steadfastness and endurance. Their dispositions
+clash, because every fault in one is aggravated by the same fault in the
+other. The versatility and genius of the blonde is not assisted by
+contact with a lady possessing the same characteristics, because he has
+enough to supply his needs. When we observe marriages of this class, we
+find results far from satisfactory, and offspring with a decided
+tendency to insanity, after a succession of such marriages.
+
+What this blonde character demands is just what the brunette possesses,
+and when we unite the blonde to a lady of the brunette type, we find
+results that are far more satisfactory. Here again we have followed the
+law of nature, and harmony is the result--each is the complement of the
+other. The genius and versatility of the blond are here fortified with
+executiveness and endurance, while her concentrative and intense nature
+is vitalized and warmed with the enthusiasm, the geniality and
+adaptiveness of the Magnetic Temperament.
+
+These four types of character represent the application of the law in
+persons of relatively the same grade of social position, and surrounded
+by the same general conditions of life. Between these extreme types of
+temperamental development, we may find every grade and blending of
+temperament, but the law remains the same. It requires the trained skill
+of the professional examiner to determine for each individual the exact
+type necessary for the complementary character, but this being done, and
+the description being given correctly, the application of the law
+becomes an easy task. In my written delineations of character, which
+many of you have already, and which all should possess, this
+complementary character is marked out for you with great precision; by
+following the instruction there given, you have the scientific key to
+matrimonial happiness.
+
+Persons possessing a predominance of the Mental Temperament should seek
+consorts having more of the Vital and Motive. Those having an excess of
+Vitality, a consort more largely endowed with the Mental and Motive.
+While those endowed with the large bones and strong muscles, peculiar to
+the Motive Temperament, need the electrifying influence of the Mental,
+combined with the nourishment of the Vital.
+
+It does not follow that perfect blending of temperamental conditions
+will produce a happy marriage. This is the physiological foundation
+always of a correct relation, but there are other considerations quite
+as likely to produce important modifications. It does not follow from
+this law, that a blonde heiress should marry her father's coachman,
+though he may be a perfect type of the brunette. We should not advise a
+graduate of one of our cosmopolitan universities to marry an
+uncultivated country maiden, even though their temperaments were
+perfectly balanced. We expect our subjects to exercise common sense in
+the application of our advice, and marry with due regard to the purposes
+of the union socially, financially and physiologically.
+
+A young gentleman or lady may take my written description of the proper
+complementary character, and in any village of two thousand inhabitants
+there will presumably be a half dozen eligible persons sufficiently
+corresponding to the temperamental description. Our candidate will
+consider the claims of the six with probably the following result: He
+will reject No. 1, because she is too old; No. 2, because she is too
+young; No. 3, because she is diseased; No. 4, because she has
+insufficient culture. He may profitably hesitate a year between Nos. 5
+and 6, but ultimately prefer No. 6 for reasons which he has
+discovered in that time, and marry happily, and with the proud
+satisfaction of having married intelligently.
+
+"But," says some objector, "you would have marriage reduced to a matter
+of cold calculation. You leave out all sentiment and _love_."
+
+Now, hold on, my friend, and we will see whether that is true or not.
+What is this sentiment, this love, which most people seem to think
+desirable in matrimony, and which others, we may add, hold in profound
+contempt. Love is the impulse of desire toward that which gratifies it.
+A young man loves a young woman because he sees something in her
+character, her personal beauty, her mental attributes, which gratifies
+him. For precisely the same reason the young lady reciprocates the
+sentiment. Now the question simply reduces itself to this: Shall this
+sentiment, this love, be founded on a complete and accurate knowledge of
+what is necessary to the complete gratification of the whole nature, or
+shall it be founded upon mere caprice or whim, the gratification of a
+mere fragmentary instinct which has never been educated to the
+comprehension of its true needs? Ponder on these questions for a few
+moments and you will realize that, instead of eliminating the sentiment
+of love from the question of matrimonial selection, I have really
+introduced you to a grander, broader, better ideal of true love than you
+have ever comprehended before.
+
+This perfect comprehension of the needs of a natural existence
+culminates in a wonderful attractive force between the sexes. A force as
+evident to the senses as the force of gravitation when properly studied,
+but unfortunately too little understood. This force, however, exists--is
+governed by natural laws and exerts its influence for good or evil
+between every man and woman in the universe; and the man who marries in
+ignorance of this force, or who violates its laws, is as foolish as he
+who tempts the law of gravitation by jumping from the brow of a
+precipice without calculating the distance to the ground beneath. This
+force is an emanation from the body according to temperament, it is
+identical with gravitation in its phenomena, and I introduce it to-night
+to your consideration under the name of Sexual Magnetism.
+
+I hold in my hand a bar of iron; if I let go, it falls to the ground,
+impelled by an unseen but very tangible force which you call
+gravitation. The scientist will tell you that gravitation exists because
+the earth is a great magnet, attracting to itself all negative bodies
+which come within the reach of its positive influence. But the principle
+of magnetic attraction implies, also, the principle of magnetic
+repulsion. Every child is familiar with the practical results of
+magnetic attraction, because he feels the force of it every time he
+falls down, or drops a plaything. But you are not so familiar with
+magnetic repulsion, yet if, by any combination of circumstances, you
+could be made positive to the earth instead of negative, you would be
+repelled from it with exactly as much force as you are now attracted to
+it, and shot into space to wander among the asteroids.
+
+[Illustration: P. Positive Pole. N. Negative Pole. The curved arrows
+show the direction of revolution.]
+
+To illustrate this principle of magnetic attraction and repulsion, I
+have prepared these two bar magnets, which are simple bars of steel
+which have been charged with magnetic properties. I mount one of them on
+a pivot so that it will revolve when subjected to any force. One end of
+the magnet is called the positive pole, the other the negative pole,
+because they have been found to exert two different forces. If I present
+the positive pole of the magnet I hold in my hand to the negative pole
+of the mounted magnet, they will _attract_ each other, and the mounted
+magnet will revolve _toward_ the one in my hand. But if I reverse the
+conditions, and I present the positive pole of this magnet to the
+positive pole of the mounted magnet, they will _repel_ each other, and
+the mounted magnet will revolve in the opposite direction with equal
+force. This beautiful experiment illustrates the repelling force of
+magnetism as well as its attractive power.
+
+[Illustration: Magnetic Repulsion.]
+
+The human body is magnetic in its action. Its every phenomenon is
+governed by the laws of electricity and magnetism. The human body is a
+divine instrument upon which the mind plays, is a wonderful magnet,
+exhibiting all the phenomena of attraction and repulsion. Between
+certain constitutions there are positive and negative conditions,
+resulting in a natural attraction, conducive to the highest matrimonial
+felicity. Between other constitutions there is a natural antagonism, as
+relentless as the force of gravitation itself, and when companionship is
+attempted, in violation of this law, nature drives them apart by the
+most fearful visitation of her penalties in domestic misery, depraved
+and deformed offspring, pauperism, insanity and crime.
+
+If any of you doubt the existence of this force, I will cite you to an
+experiment, which most of you have tried. Put your arm around your
+sister, and you will not be able to notice any very remarkable
+sensations. But just get your arm around some other fellow's sister, and
+you will feel like you were struck by lightening in half a minute. That
+is Sexual Magnetism.
+
+This force exists in different degrees of intensity, according to the
+constitutions of the parties affected. It may be highly attractive, it
+may be weakly so; it may be neutralized, it may be weakly antagonistic;
+it may be violently repulsive in its effects.
+
+The great difficulty with most people is that they are insensible to the
+effects of this force. The senses may be educated to a keen perception
+of it, or they may be deadened by disease and sexual depravity.
+
+I am frequently asked if the natural instincts of men and women will not
+guide aright in the selection of a consort, and my answer is yes, if the
+instincts of men and women _were natural_. But when we reflect that the
+sexual instincts of the present generation are blunted, warped and
+paralyzed by the sexual sins of a long line of ignorant and depraved
+ancestors, they cannot be trusted. But they can be educated, and every
+man of refined sensibilities can, by learning to recognize his true
+affinity, so educate his sexual instincts that they will be as true as
+the needle to the pole, and he will learn to so distinguish the
+conditions of magnetic attraction and repulsion that he will be
+attracted by that which is favorable to his own constitution, and
+repelled by that which is unfavorable, as sensitively as these magnets.
+And every woman of refined sensibilities may reach the same exalted
+plane of true sexual intelligence.
+
+And when this degree of sexual intelligence is attained, vice is an
+impossibility. The education of this refined, sensitive sexual instinct
+renders adultery abhorrent. The true sexual consort once found, the
+chief joy of existence consists in the perpetuation of mutual
+attraction. The consort satisfies; the union is complete; harmony is
+established, and existence itself becomes a grand, sweet symphony of
+mutual love, respect and adoration.
+
+I respectfully submit the principles here, for the first time expounded,
+as the foundation of a proper marriage relation, and a solution of the
+social problem.
+
+I now discuss the important question of age. There are great
+possibilities of good and evil involved in this branch of the subject,
+and nature's laws are violated in this as in every other department.
+
+The proper age for the consummation of marriage is maturity. This varies
+much in different constitutions and in different climates, but is not
+hard to determine. A general average for the temperate zone would place
+the proper age at from 22 to 27 in the male, and from 18 to 23 in the
+female.
+
+There are a thousand arguments against premature marriages, which I
+shall not stop to discuss in this lecture. You will hear this subject
+fully discussed in my lectures on Sexual Science, and you will also find
+it elucidated at length in my "Science of Creation." Those who have
+neglected to marry until past the ages above given, if in sound health
+and good character, may consider that they have my consent as soon as
+they can find a proper complementary consort, according to my full
+written delineation.
+
+The female should be about three years younger than the male. This rule
+applies at all stages of life. Under no circumstances should a man marry
+a woman older than himself. Neither should he marry one more than five
+years his junior; and three above stated is better, because the female
+matures three years younger than the male, as a rule, and this allows
+for both to marry at the same stage of maturity. There are most weighty
+physiological reasons for the support of this rule, the full discussion
+of which I reserve until my lectures on Sexual Science. But I will
+answer one common objection to this rule right here:
+
+It is quite a common belief that, unless a man marries a woman ten years
+his junior, in a few years his wife will look too old for him. This
+belief is based upon the fact that most married women break down and
+look old in a very short time. This is lamentably true, but there is no
+good reason why it should be so. It is contrary to nature, and whenever
+a result is contrary to nature, the cause which produces it is a
+violation of nature's laws; and the violation of nature's laws, which
+results in the premature decay of American women, is found mainly in
+improper marriages, wrong sexual conditions, unhygienic habits, and the
+woful ignorance of both husband and wife in all that pertains to a
+proper marriage relation. And, ladies, if you will see that your
+husbands attend my lectures on Sexual Science, I will promise to
+educate them to that point where they will be able to preserve your
+beauty. And in my lectures to ladies on the same subject, I shall impart
+knowledge which will aid you in preserving your charms and also
+increasing the manliness of your husbands.
+
+There is no part of my professional work that I approach with as great a
+feeling of responsibility as this sacred question of Matrimony. And when
+I am consulted by a young man or woman and requested to give my
+professional sanction to a proposed union, I study the characters of the
+parties with my most conscientious skill, and in the light of science I
+approve it or condemn it, regardless of everything but the great laws of
+nature, which, knowing, I dare not disobey.
+
+It frequently happens that I am obliged to condemn the aspirations of
+youthful minds, who up to that time have fondly imagined that they are
+perfectly suited to each other. But I have fearlessly passed an adverse
+judgment upon thousands of such cases, and in no case have I had cause
+to regret my decision. But in many cases, when parties have married in
+defiance of nature's laws, as explained by me, have they had cause to
+regret it. And many, very many, whom I have advised against improper
+marriages, have returned to thank me for my counsel.
+
+Some years ago I examined a young Methodist preacher, and when I
+described his adaptation in matrimony he seemed dejected, and remarked
+that it did not correspond at all with his sweetheart. I told him he was
+lucky to find out the truth before it was too late. He then brought the
+young lady to me for a personal examination, and both requested me to be
+candid and to give them the benefit of my highest professional skill. I
+did so. I said to the young man, "You are a preacher, a man of strong
+magnetic power, upon which you depend for success; your social organs
+are very large, and you depend on them to attract and hold those with
+whom you come in friendly contact. You need a wife who will fortify
+these elements in your character with strong magnetic and social
+qualities of her own. This lady, on the contrary, will neutralize in a
+great degree what you already possess. She is cold and exclusive, and,
+married to her, you would not be as successful as you would be single.
+Moreover, you are a man of warm, affectionate nature, demanding a great
+deal of caressing and amative demonstration from your wife. This lady
+would freeze you out in one week.
+
+"You have, also, some inharmonious similarities. You are argumentative,
+dogmatic and commanding in disposition, unyielding, inflexible and
+positive. This lady is like you in these respects, and if you get into
+an argument, neither would yield a point, and the result would be sure
+to be domestic discord. The attachment you both feel for each other is
+merely fraternal. There is not the first element of sexual magnetism in
+your constitutions."
+
+They were convinced, and broke the engagement then and there. Two years
+later I found them both happily married to other parties, according to
+my instructions, and both took occasion to thank me for saving them from
+a sad mistake.
+
+I once examined a young artist, of great ability in his professional
+attainments, but greatly deficient in financial qualifications, and as I
+described to him his proper adaptation in matrimony, his countenance
+fell, and he informed me that, in most respects, I had described a type
+of character quite opposite from what his affianced was. He brought the
+young lady to me, subsequently, with the request that I should be as
+candid as possible. I found the young lady also gifted in artistic
+skill, but utterly wanting in physical stamina and business
+qualifications. I then said, "You are too much alike. You are, in a
+physiological sense, brother and sister. The offspring of such a
+marriage would be weak physically and mentally, if you had any, which is
+doubtful. You are both the embodiment of delicacy and refinement,
+artistic taste and sensitiveness, without one element of robust physique
+or business ability. You never made a dollar in your life."
+
+"No," said the young man, "my father supports me."
+
+"Now," I continued, "you have the one element of a pleasant
+companionship, derived from the same accomplishment, but it is such a
+companionship as we might look for in a brother and sister. There is
+nothing in your union which will contribute the wherewith to fight the
+battle for existence. What you both need, is an organization of
+executive ability and strength of business qualifications, robust
+physique and aggressive force for offensive and defensive action, to
+make your artistic talent effective. You might marry and never quarrel,
+and as long as your parents contribute to your support, you might exist,
+but your marriage is wrong in every physiological and scientific sense."
+
+They were also convinced, and broke their engagement, and I have had the
+pleasure of congratulating both of them upon their marriage, according
+to correct principles, resulting in complete happiness, financial
+success and beautiful offspring.
+
+In subsequent lectures, ladies and gentlemen, to the sexes separately, I
+will elucidate my theory to the full extent of its physiological laws.
+For the present I have only presented its general principles, but I
+submit it to your criticism as the only true relation of the sexes,
+conducive to the improvement of the race, and of its individual members.
+I submit it as the solution of the great social problem of the age, as
+the foundation of correct morals, as the guide to health, happiness and
+that substantial prosperity which rests upon obedience to the laws of
+nature.
+
+Mankind has long realized that the acme of human enjoyment is reached in
+the perfect companionship of harmonious association of the sexes.
+
+   "Two souls with but a single thought;
+    Two hearts that beat as one."
+
+And in the grand possibilities of existence, I can conceive of no
+greater joy, I crave no higher destiny than vibrating in harmonious
+association in one sweet chord of love, with a companion whose nature is
+in all respects complimentary to my own.
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE TO PART II.
+
+
+The following interviews, published in various papers during my past
+professional experience, relate to interesting subjects pertaining to
+human character, and have been the object of so much favorable criticism
+from my friends, that I have decided to give them wider circulation in
+this form. The papers from which these interviews are quoted, are among
+the leading journals of the United States, and in each case due credit
+has been given. I also take this opportunity as a _quondam_ journalist
+to return to my brethren of the press, my sincere thanks for their
+uniform courtesy, both in reporting my lectures, and in the wide
+circulation they have given my doctrines in these interviews.
+
+Fraternally,
+
+WILLIAM WINDSOR.
+
+
+
+
+PART II.
+
+PROFESSIONAL INTERVIEWS.
+
+
+       I. Physiognomy of Matrimony.
+
+      II. Study in Ancient Skulls--The Cliff Dwellers.
+
+     III. A Phrenological Study--Henry W. Grady.
+
+      IV. Was Hawes Insane?
+
+       V. How Living Heads and Dead Skulls are Measured.
+
+      VI. Crime and its Causes.
+
+     VII. A Murderer's Mentality--Fritz Anschlag.
+
+    VIII. Phrenology in Politics.
+
+
+
+
+PART II.
+
+PHYSIOGNOMY OF MATRIMONY.
+
+    How Mental Characteristics are Displayed in Personal Appearance.
+
+    [From the Dallas (Texas) _Times_.]
+
+
+"Now," said Prof. Windsor to a representative of the _Times_ last
+evening at the Opera-house as they took seats commanding a view of the
+audience, "if you'll pay attention I'll give you some points on
+matrimony from a phrenological standpoint, illustrated with practical
+examples from this audience:
+
+"Notice that couple just behind the usher in the middle aisle. The
+gentleman, as you see, is a brunette, tall, angular, with a prominent
+Roman nose, and a firm step. He is one of our promising young attorneys,
+as the papers say. An aggressive executive disposition is written in
+every line of his face. He is not so noted for legal knowledge as for
+his ability in handling the facts in the case. Notice his chin, which is
+rather narrow, round, and projects well forward."
+
+"What does that signify?"
+
+"An intense desire to love. His affections, like the rest of his
+character, are aggressive and must find expression. His conjugality is
+large and he will center all his affections on one beloved object.
+
+"Now, notice the lady. She has taken the seat beside him, and the
+average observer would not detect anything wrong, but I can see from
+here that she does not enjoy his company. There is no compatibility
+between them, and if they marry they can expect nothing but misery."
+
+"Upon what evidence do you base these conclusions?"
+
+"Well, her temperament is similar to his, as you will see if you notice
+her features and complexion; but that isn't all. Notice her position.
+The lines of her figure are all inclined away from him. She smiles at
+his conversation, out of politeness, and is not conscious of the fact
+that she is betraying her dislike by any act; but she is, nevertheless.
+
+"Now notice that couple over there on the left, three seats back of the
+one we have just observed. You see the lady is a blonde with a wide
+forehead and a nose which has a regular curve from the root to the tip.
+That is what we call the celestial nose, because it is always pointing
+skyward and serves as a perpetual interrogation point. She can ask more
+questions between the acts than her companion can answer in a fortnight.
+Her chin is narrow and pointed, which signifies congenial love and a
+wealth of affection which she is anxious to bestow on somebody. Her
+companion, you see, is a semi-brunette with a rather wide head. He is
+one of our prominent retail merchants and the lady is his _fiancée_."
+
+"What are the prospects for their future happiness?"
+
+"Good. Notice that indentation in the middle of his chin, signifying an
+intense desire to be loved, a passive form of the passion, but admirably
+adapted to her equally strong desire to manifest the active form by
+caresses and endearments. Notice how closely they sit together, the
+lines of both figures inclining to each other. Why, you couldn't put a
+piece of tissue paper between their shoulders. His nose is slightly
+modeled after the Roman type, and as hers curves the other way the
+circle of adaptability is complete."
+
+"Is the nose reliable as an indication of character?"
+
+"Always. Do you see that gentleman on the front seat with the pug nose?
+Well, his character is equally undeveloped, as his friends will tell
+you. The shortness of the organ from root to tip signifies a distressing
+lack of executive ability.
+
+"The lady beside him is much the better man of the two. She has
+executive force enough for a whole family, and the fact is betrayed by
+the strong features, large nose, wide head and firmly set jaws and
+lips."
+
+"Does the mouth indicate as much character as the nose?"
+
+"Yes, the character is written on every feature. You see that lady on
+the second row of seats, back of our pug-nosed specimen? When she
+smiles, her upper lip curls up on one side, and when her countenance is
+at rest, her upper teeth are slightly exposed. That is the sign of
+approbativeness, love of applause, compliments, desire to attract
+attention, etc. You can see the same element of character in the fact
+that she inclines her head to one side nearly all the time. Her costume
+is almost loud. Her voice certainly is, for we have heard it at this
+distance several times."
+
+"Approbativeness is not a very desirable element of character, then."
+
+"That depends upon perversion. In the present instance it is turned to
+bad account. The young lady is admirably adapted to the stage, and if
+she would adopt that profession the very faculty of approbativeness
+would be her most powerful stimulus in ambition to excel.
+
+"Approbativeness is often mistaken for self-esteem. Do you see that
+gentleman coming down the middle aisle? From his walk you would suppose
+he owned most of Dallas. He displays a good deal of jewelry and is
+evidently 'stuck on himself,' as the boys say. He is a well-known lawyer
+of very moderate talent, and the fact is that self-esteem is very low in
+his organization, as he is very deficient in dignity. That aggressive
+display is an effort on his part to supply a deficiency of which he is
+painfully conscious.
+
+"His wife, who accompanies him, is very modest and apparently
+unassuming in demeanor, but she has plenty of self-esteem and firmness,
+and the result is that she is the controlling member of the firm. If it
+were not for her large benevolence and suavity, which makes her a very
+agreeable woman, he would be badly henpecked. As it is, she uses more
+tact than force, but he obeys implicitly, nevertheless."
+
+"What benefits do you claim, Professor, to result from the practice of
+phrenology as applied to matrimony?"
+
+"Simply the results of knowledge and observation in any direction. If
+parties will walk into matrimony blindly, without observing or
+attempting to discover the signs of character, the result is likely to
+prove disastrous. It is the old story of 'buying a pig in a poke,' to
+use an ancient Irish expression. In matrimony, as in everything else,
+the best plan is to make your transaction with your eyes open, and if
+your eyes are not sufficiently educated to discern the signs of human
+character, then to avail yourself of professional skill, as you would do
+in every other department of life."
+
+
+
+
+SOME PEOPLE YOU MEET.
+
+    [From the Atlanta (Ga.) _Constitution_.]
+
+
+"Is that my picture, or that of the Three-Dollar Shoe Man, you're
+studying so carefully?"
+
+The speaker was a large, fine-looking specimen of American manhood, who
+walked into _The Constitution_ office yesterday.
+
+A splendid head, placed firmly upon a Grover Cleveland neck, silken,
+sandy mustache, and side whiskers cut on the William H. Vanderbilt
+pattern, and piercing blue eyes, which seemed to look straight through
+you--these were the striking features of a rather striking face.
+
+Then he introduced himself. It was Professor William Windsor, LL.B.,
+"phrenologist and anthropologist."
+
+"I have been an active practitioner in my line," said the Professor, in
+answer to a question, "for many years now. For some time before that I
+studied phrenology and practiced law, but in later years I have devoted
+all my time to the active practice of that which I have now made my
+profession. This is the first time I have been to Atlanta, though I am
+very much of a Southerner. I was born in Kentucky, and my father was a
+Virginian. He made a fortune on the Mississippi during the war, and
+after that was over he left the river and moved to Wisconsin, where I
+was educated. I graduated in law at the University of Wisconsin; but as
+I lived several years in Texas, I consider that I am very much of a
+Southerner."
+
+"And as to phrenology?"
+
+"I love it. There is so much to it--so much more than many people
+imagine. Of course, I am working for money, but above and beyond that is
+the desire to do good to my fellow-men. How? Why, nobody has a better
+opportunity of doing good than a conscientious phrenologist, for he can
+look into a man's character, into the inmost recesses of his heart, as
+it were."
+
+"Is there anything in palmistry?"
+
+"Oh, yes. There is no reason why character should not be read in any
+feature. It can be read, I have no doubt, in the feet as well as in the
+head and the hands, but the trouble would be in getting comparisons. You
+couldn't very well ask every man you meet to pull off his shoes, that
+you might study his feet, but every man studies the character of his
+neighbor as he reads it in his face. He may say he doesn't believe in
+phrenology, but, unconsciously, perhaps, he practices it."
+
+"You spoke of doing good. Can you give me an instance?"
+
+"Hundreds of them, I am happy to say. By pointing out to people their
+faults and how to correct them, I know I have done good. This year I was
+out in Pueblo, Colo., where I had been three years ago. While there, a
+young man called on me, and brought with him his wife. Upon my last
+visit I had examined him, and had pointed out several things to him. One
+was that he was too cautious. He is a young business man, and is one of
+those fellows who are always afraid to take risks. I told him of this,
+and then, at his request, told him of the sort of young lady he should
+marry. Well, he found the girl and married her, and he told me he could
+point out where he had made seven thousand dollars by following my
+advice as to risks. That is only one instance; but I believe I have done
+much good."
+
+"And anthropology?"
+
+"That means the study of human nature. In its application it includes
+man in all his physical, mental and social conditions. Phrenology is the
+science of the mind--mental philosophy; anthropology is the science of
+man--human philosophy. I contend that to the proper understanding of
+these great subjects we must look for the solution of all social
+problems."
+
+
+
+
+STUDY IN ANCIENT SKULLS.
+
+    What a Specialist in Cranial Architecture Can Read--The Skulls
+    of the Cliff Dwellers[A] Viewed by the Light of Science and
+    Tapers.
+
+[Footnote A: NOTE.--The "Cliff Dwellers" is a name given to an ancient
+aboriginal race who once inhabited the mountain fastnesses of the Rocky
+Mountains in Colorado. They had their homes in caverns of almost
+inaccessible cliffs, and undoubtedly possessed an advanced state of
+civilization, as evidenced from the pottery, implements, musical
+instruments, etc., found in the ruins of their homes, as well as what is
+indicated by the skulls described in this interview. Their dwellings
+exhibit remarkable constructiveness in the inmates, and in many
+instances a high power of decorative art.]
+
+    [Denver (Col.) _Republican_.]
+
+
+At one of his lectures last week at Warren's Academy, Professor William
+Windsor, LL. B., delineated the character of a skull submitted to him by
+one of the audience. The Professor recognized it instantly as that of
+one of the Cliff Dwellers, and proceeded to give a description of the
+individual to whom the skull belonged. A _Republican_ representative who
+was present, called on Professor Windsor at the Brunswick yesterday.
+
+"The Cliff Dwellers," said Professor Windsor, "present a most
+interesting study to the anthropologist. I have examined the collection
+of relics on Larimer street, and I have here the skull I examined
+Tuesday evening, as well as two others kindly loaned to me by the
+proprietors of that collection."
+
+"Can you tell anything of the mental characteristics of the wearers of
+these skulls, Professor?"
+
+"Oh, yes," said the phrenologist, smiling. "The skull is an absolute
+index of the character, and, as long as it holds together, is a better
+monument than 'storied urn or animated bust' to those who have the skill
+to read it. The skulls of these Cliff Dwellers furnish us with much more
+accurate information than the other relics, concerning their habits and
+character.
+
+"For example, one of their striking peculiarities is a decided talent
+for music. Nearly every skull in the collection shows it. After I had
+remarked this fact to the proprietor of the exhibit, Mr. McLoyd, showed
+me a very well-preserved fragment of a flute which is in the collection.
+The skulls of these people, however, bear a more eloquent testimonial to
+their musical genius than this fragment of their musical instrument.
+
+"The peculiar form of the Cliff Dweller's skull is produced by some
+custom of the tribe in binding the infant upon a board or other
+substance. This is proved by the fact that the flatness of the back head
+is uniformly at the same angle, and that the upper tables of the skull
+give evidence of abnormal pressure. There is also in this collection one
+skull which is an exception, and shows exactly the development we would
+expect to find in a normal form when such pressure was not applied. The
+skull is that of a young female, and in outline it is strikingly like
+that of the ordinary Caucasian skull. In fact, I would pronounce it a
+Caucasian skull were it not for the structure of the superior maxillary
+bone, which shows a radical departure from the type of either of the
+five present races. The Cliff Dwellers are more like the Caucasian than
+the Indian, and more like the Hindoo than either. That they possessed a
+higher order of intellect than any Indian tribe of which we have
+knowledge does not admit of doubt.
+
+"The most striking peculiarity of these skulls is their delicate and yet
+strong quality. The grain or texture of the bone is much more delicate
+and fine than the average of Caucasian skulls that belong to the
+uneducated classes. The illumination of the skull discloses some
+interesting facts. It is well known to phrenologists that the skull is
+thinner in those regions that are most constantly used in the mental
+habits of the individual. The illumination of the skulls of these two
+youths (here Professor Windsor inserted a lighted taper in each)
+discloses a nearly uniform thinness of the entire skull, showing that
+they exercised all the faculties of the mind. The skull of this old
+warrior, however, presents a different appearance under the same test.
+You will notice that the illumination is confined to that portion of the
+skull lying around the base of the brain, and running highest in the
+forehead. The conclusion to be drawn from this is that the individual
+who once wore this skull was a man of very practical intellect. The
+perceptive organs, the knowing and reasoning faculties, executive
+ability and the social organs of amativeness and friendship,
+particularly the latter, are all bright and particularly well developed.
+
+"The abnormal width of the Cliff Dweller's skull through the middle
+section, and the massive, dome-like forehead, is due in a measure to the
+crowding forward of the brain from the pressure which produced the
+flattening of the occiput. Any normal head with such a development would
+show a thinness of the bone in that region, whereas the opacity of the
+warrior's skull is remarkable in that region. If we may take the skull
+of this female, which has not been subjected to this pressure, as a type
+of the race, we are justified in considering the Cliff Dwellers as a
+people remarkably agreeable in traits of character. All the domestic
+propensities which form the basis of the family relation, the love of
+offspring, of friends and neighbors, are remarkably well developed.
+There is a magnificent moral influence shown in the development of
+conscientiousness, approbativeness and caution. The latter organ is so
+large as to suggest cowardice, but these people undoubtedly lived in an
+age when circumspection and eternal vigilance was the price of existence
+as well as of liberty.
+
+"I notice that the writer of the article on the Cliff Dwellers in last
+_Sunday's Republican_ makes the statement that they apparently had
+neither literature nor religion. He bases his assertions on the fact
+that he does not find altars or writings among their possessions. But
+appearances are against him. They apparently had both, from the
+structure of their skulls. The Cliff Dweller is largely endowed with the
+artistic and constructive organs of the brain with an unlimited capacity
+for invention and designing. Savage races far below him in these
+qualities have literature, and it is unreasonable to suppose that having
+these qualities both large and active, he did not use them. As to his
+religion, the single exception to the uniform opacity of the warrior's
+skull above mentioned in the crown of the head is in the organ of
+veneration. He did not have enough of spirituality and faith to supply a
+Methodist camp meeting, but he undoubtedly reverenced the Great Spirit
+and invoked the patronage of the god which he could comprehend. The
+other two skulls show as good a development of the religious organs as
+you will find in a general average of any Sunday-school in Denver. The
+Cliff Dwellers were undoubtedly religious.
+
+"In physical structure the Cliff Dweller presents a greater variety than
+is found in any race except the Caucasian. Their warriors were
+undoubtedly men of great endurance and strong physique with a good size
+of body. There were also among them types of character delicate in the
+extreme and possessing but little endurance. As a race they depended on
+prudence rather than strength for safety. They were shrewd, circumspect
+and diplomatic. In complexion they were darker than the Caucasian and
+much lighter than the American Indian. In diet they were almost if not
+quite exclusively graminivorous, living on grain and eating that raw."
+
+"How do you tell that? Professor," asked the scribe. "Isn't that getting
+things down very fine for so long a lapse of time?"
+
+"Oh, no; just look at the teeth of all these skulls and you will see
+that they are worn--even these young skulls which have not developed the
+wisdom teeth have the molars half worn away. The canine teeth are almost
+rudimentary in these skulls--in the carnivorous races of men they are
+very large. The condition of these teeth could only be produced by such
+a diet. If the Cliff Dweller had subsisted to any extent on meat or had
+eaten his grain cooked, he would not have worn the teeth one-quarter as
+much at the age of these younger skulls. Moreover, he did not use
+tobacco, which also leaves its mark on the skull, in the deterioration
+of certain organs of the brain, which, to the credit of the Cliff
+Dwellers, are well developed.
+
+"If it is true that--
+
+   'The evil that men do lives after them,
+    The good is oft interred with their bones--'
+
+it is equally true, that by resurrecting the bones we may read the
+history of both the evil and the good."
+
+
+
+
+A PHRENOLOGICAL STUDY.
+
+    Henry W. Grady's Character Analyzed by an Expert. What a Study
+    of the Mask and of Photograph Shows--His Wonderful Brain and its
+    Wonderful Capacity.
+
+    _Atlanta Constitution._
+
+
+"Yes, I have given the character of Henry W. Grady considerable study,
+as I do in the case of all men who attract public attention by their
+graces, gifts and accomplishments, or by the lack of those attributes."
+
+The speaker was Professor William Windsor, LL. B., phrenologist and
+anthropologist, whose lectures last week at the Guard's armory
+interested the people of Atlanta in the study of human character.
+
+"Mr. Grady has interested me ever since I first heard of him, and I had
+looked forward to meeting him personally here in Atlanta this winter,
+ever since my route was mapped out for the season. I feel a sense of
+personal bereavement in his death, for his characteristics were as
+vividly impressed upon my mind by the study I had made of the man as
+others experience from personal contact."
+
+"Perhaps you can tell us something of the character of Mr. Grady as
+viewed from the standpoint of your science that will be interesting,
+Professor," suggested a representative of THE CONSTITUTION, and the
+party of interested gentlemen drew more closely around the philosopher.
+
+"Yes, indeed," answered Professor Windsor, "but to me the contemplation
+of the character of Mr. Grady, at this time, is too much like viewing
+the wreck of a grand ship which was freighted with a precious cargo, and
+trying to estimate the loss. There isn't much comfort in it, except in
+the fact that a correct estimate of the virtues and accomplishments of
+such a man, at a time when the community is still shocked at the
+calamity of his demise, is a powerful incentive to emulation on the part
+of other and younger men.
+
+"From the phrenological standpoint Mr. Grady's characteristics present
+an interesting study, while his known accomplishments are a wonderful
+confirmation of the correctness of the theory upon which we estimate
+mental power, namely, that size of brain is the measure of power, when
+temperament, quality and health of body are sufficient to support the
+brain. Comprehensive greatness is never manifested by a small brain. I
+have been placed in possession of very accurate measurements of Mr.
+Grady's head through the courtesy of Mr. Frazee, the Atlanta
+sculptor who has a cast of the face and forehead made from the body
+of Mr. Grady, and hence strictly correct in dimensions. I have also had
+the benefit of numerous photographs, in which the phrenological features
+are distinctly preserved.
+
+"Mr. Grady possessed a strong endowment of the magnetic temperament
+which gives a strong circulation of blood and a great activity of
+mentality. His height and weight show him to have had sufficient
+vitality to sustain his brain, and there was just enough of the electric
+temperament in him to darken his eyes and hair and give him intensity of
+feeling and action. His quality was exceedingly responsive and delicate,
+and these attributes are necessary to the class of orators to which he
+belonged.
+
+"The size of his brain compares favorably with what is known of other
+intellectual giants, as the following measurements will demonstrate. The
+actual circumference of the head around the base of the brain was
+twenty-four inches. The measurement from ear to ear over the top of the
+head fifteen and a half inches, while the forehead measures from ear to
+ear over the perceptives twelve and a half inches, and from the same
+points over the region of sympathy fourteen inches. The massing of the
+intellect, it will be seen, was in the upper portion of the forehead;
+and that region shows a remarkable development of benevolence, suavity,
+causality, comparison and imitation.
+
+"The most remarkable development, however, is in the organ of
+constructiveness, which gives a lateral expansion to the forehead which
+is almost enormous. This faculty is necessary to the correlation of
+thoughts and ideas, the construction of sentences and the formation of
+schemes and plans. As an inventor, Mr. Grady was superb, and his large
+sympathy would naturally lead him to the invention of social plans and
+philanthropic enterprises rather than machinery.
+
+"His large language is indicated by the fullness under the eye. The
+phrenological organ of language lies above and behind the eye, and when
+large presses the eyeball forward and downward causing a fullness or
+sack under the eye which is very prominent in Mr. Grady's portraits. In
+the power and scope of this feature he had more development than either
+Webster or Ingersoll.
+
+"His large suavity enabled him to use his language in a way that pleased
+even his antagonists. Mr. Grady was emphatically combative, as shown by
+full development behind and between the ears, where the cast measures
+six inches in diameter, but it was the combativeness which showed itself
+in force and energy rather than contention. His combativeness was
+harnessed to his suavity, and he could be forcible and at the same time
+persuasive.
+
+"These qualities were re-inforced by remarkable firmness, as shown by
+the measurement over the top of the head, where the development is a
+half-inch in excess of that of Daniel Webster, and a quarter inch above
+that of Napoleon Bonaparte. This characteristic is also shown in the
+projection forward of the lower lip, caused by habitual compression in
+the exercise of this faculty.
+
+"In this connection, it is interesting to note a comparison of Mr.
+Grady's head with the measurement of other noted personages. Here is a
+table which I have compiled, and which you will find entertaining,"
+continued the phrenologist, as he unfolded a paper with the figures
+herewith reproduced:
+
+    _________________________________________________
+                       |             |
+                       | Size around | Size from ear
+                       | the head    |  to ear over
+           NAME.       | at base of  |  top of head
+                       | brain.      |  at organ of
+                       |             |  firmness.
+    ___________________|_____________|_______________
+                       |             |
+    Henry W. Grady     |   24  in.   |   15½ in.
+    Henry Clay         |   23¼  "    |   14¾  "
+    Daniel Webster     |   25   "    |   15   "
+    John Quincy Adams  |   22½  "    |   15   "
+    Thomas H. Benton   |   23   "    |   15   "
+    Napoleon Bonaparte |   23½  "    |   15¼  "
+                       |_____________|_______________
+                       |             |
+    Average            |   23½ in.   |   15  in.
+                       |_____________|_______________
+                       |             |
+    Average of human   |             |
+      race             |   21  in.   |   14  in.
+   ____________________|_____________|_______________
+
+"From these figures," continued Professor Windsor, "we may draw a
+melancholy conclusion of the power Mr. Grady might have exhibited had he
+lived to ripen into perfect development. It will be seen at once that
+only one of these distinguished characters had the advantage of him in
+size of brain at the base, and that is Daniel Webster, whose character
+was more remarkable for ponderous greatness than brilliancy, and Mr.
+Grady's head rises a half inch higher than his in the moral region.
+Between the two measurements there is a comparative difference of one
+and a half inches, in the heads of Webster and Grady. That inch and a
+half marks the difference between the debauched sensuality of the 'Lion
+of the North' and the moral graces of the 'Apostle of the New South.'
+
+"The extra inch in the basilar circumference of the head of Daniel
+Webster was due to an enormous development of social propensities which
+in his case carried him beyond a correct balance and resulted in
+notorious licentiousness, because there was not enough of the moral
+sentiments in the crown of the head to control them. Mr. Grady's head,
+on the other hand, was not remarkable in the development of these
+propensities. He had enough of amativeness to give him a proper
+appreciation of women and the delights of sociability, but his love
+manifested itself more through the intellect than the passions, and his
+social nature was of that diffusive character which manifests itself
+in the formation of popular attachment rather than exclusive
+friendships. There are many men undoubtedly to-day who pride themselves
+on being among the intimate friends of the deceased who would be
+surprised to know how many others have reason to entertain the same
+feeling. When the social propensities are larger than Mr. Grady's, the
+possessor is likely to form such exclusive attachments that the energies
+are expended in promoting the interests of individuals rather than those
+of the masses."
+
+"From your view of the nature of the man, Professor, what would you
+consider Mr. Grady's chief fault?"
+
+"The lack of self-esteem. That organ is one of the smallest in the whole
+line of development, and was, unquestionably, his weakness, as it is
+unfortunately of too many of our best men. He did not comprehend his own
+importance, nor realize the value of his own personality. This defect is
+directly chargeable with his illness and death. Had he possessed a
+larger development of this organ, he would have been more cautious
+concerning his health and personal exposure. There is a kind of
+unselfish extravagance in this direction which leads to deplorable
+results. A more selfish nature will husband its strength and escape
+calamity. Had he realized his own value sufficiently, he would not have
+gone to Boston on that fatal trip, and overtaxed his vitality. He did
+not comprehend the dignity of his character on any occasion. His friends
+say that he was as genial and approachable as a school boy, and that is
+what I should expect to find in a head like his. We might have contented
+ourselves, however, with a more distant manner and a more haughty
+nature, for the sake of his self-preservation.
+
+"There is profit in the study of human nature. We may contemplate the
+characters of the great to arouse emulation, of the moderately endowed
+to suggest improvement, and of the weak to guard against their failures.
+Phrenology enables us to form correct estimates in each case, to praise
+without flattery and to criticise without injustice. There is value in
+the perpetuation of the physical forms of the illustrious dead upon
+'storied urn and animated bust,' as well as in polished granite and
+enduring marble. For while these monuments cannot
+
+   'Back to its mansion call the fleeting breath,'
+
+still the inspired features and lines of development bear eloquent
+testimony to the practicability of human improvement, just as
+
+   'Lives of great men all remind us,
+      We can make our lives sublime;
+    And, departing, leave behind us,
+      Footprints in the sands of time.'"
+
+
+
+
+WAS HAWES INSANE?
+
+    A Scientist's Theory of a Most Atrocious Crime--What Professor
+    Windsor Says of Hawes' Mental Peculiarities--Insanity Which the
+    Courts Will Soon Recognize.
+
+    [From the Birmingham (Ala.) _Age-Herald_.]
+
+
+Prof. William Windsor, LL. B., the noted specialist in phrenology and
+medical jurisprudence, was seen by an _Age-Herald_ reporter at the
+Caldwell hotel last night, and in answer to interrogatories, made a
+number of interesting statements concerning the Hawes tragedy.
+
+Professor Windsor has had many years of experience as an expert in the
+study of insanity in its various phases, and particularly in reference
+to crimes and their origin. He enjoys a national reputation in his
+special lines of study, and his conclusions have the weight of
+scientific authority.
+
+In regard to the subject of discussion, he said: "I have been greatly
+interested in the case of Dick Hawes ever since the publication of the
+tragedy, and have made an exhaustive study, both of the man and the
+circumstances of the case. Of course, in the mass of conflicting
+statements contained in the evidence, it is impossible to know with
+definite certainty just how the crime was committed; but the confessions
+of Hawes and the testimony all agree that the man deliberately planned
+and executed the murder of his family. Whether he had the bloody work
+done or accomplished it with his own hands does not concern us so much
+as the fact that motives and impulses existed in the mind of a husband
+and father for the destruction of the lives of those he was bound to
+protect, and that those impulses were sufficiently strong to accomplish
+the execution of the crime.
+
+"The study of the origin of these motives and impulses are highly
+interesting, in view of the fact that they point to conditions of
+society that are potent for the breeding of similar crimes.
+
+"To my mind the key-note to the whole case is found in one of the
+remarks made by Hawes while standing on the gallows, to-wit: 'I want all
+you boys to let liquor and vile women alone; see what it has done for
+me.'
+
+"A careful phrenological estimate of Dick Hawes discloses the fact that
+he was above an average in appearance, physique and mentality. His brain
+is massive and of good quality, though uncultivated. It is not lacking
+in the organs of benevolence, sympathy and agreeableness; in reason,
+perception or reflection. He had sufficient caution and
+conscientiousness to understand right and wrong, and the consequences of
+both. There was enough of the affections and social qualities to make
+him very attractive to women and children, as his history fully shows,
+all of which is fully shown by the fact that he discharged the duties of
+a responsible position for years, and commanded a reasonable degree of
+respect. Such men do not commit crime while in a normal condition. It is
+as physically impossible as it is for water to run up hill.
+
+"When the domestic relations of such men are blasted by association with
+prostitutes or by the unchastity of their own wives, a species of
+insanity results, which completely reverses the ego or personality of
+the man. I have observed hundreds of such cases, and have never seen an
+exception to the rule. In scientific parlance his condition is known as
+'reversed amativeness,' or a revolution of character, brought about by
+an inflamed or abnormal condition of amativeness, the organ of sexual
+love. As in a normal state this organ electrifies and strengthens every
+natural affection, making every faculty more exquisitely perfect, so in
+its inflamed or reversed state it leads to the entire obliteration of
+every rational sentiment.
+
+"The particular direction in which this obliteration may manifest itself
+depends largely on the temperament of the individual and the
+circumstances of the case. In some men it results in paralysis of the
+energies, changing the character into shiftlessness. In other cases it
+results in destroying the moral sense, but does not amount to positive
+viciousness, while on the other hand it may result as it unquestionably
+did in this case, in absolutely perverting the affections so as to
+render the man incapable of the natural feelings of a husband and
+father, and supplying motives which seem to be of the most inhuman
+character. They are inhuman and unnatural, but in such cases it is not
+correct to hold the man as responsible for the deplorable results unless
+it is clearly proved that the mental unbalance was brought about by his
+own acts, performed in a state of conscious free will. The law clearly
+recognizes that the drunken man is insane, and holds him responsible for
+his acts committed while drunk, if he became drunk through his own
+volition. If the liquor is proved to have been forced down his throat or
+he has been drugged by some one else and his mental balance dethroned
+thereby, he is not responsible.
+
+"It is a very nice question to decide in this Hawes case whether the
+depraved condition alluded to was the result of his own acts or of his
+domestic troubles. There is no doubt in my mind but that the species of
+insanity referred to, existed in the mind of Hawes at the time of the
+tragedy.
+
+"It is a principle in medical jurisprudence that the more atrocious the
+crime the stronger is the presumption of insanity in the perpetrator. It
+is a fact wholly creditable to human nature that horrible crimes are
+rarely, if ever, committed by persons in a normal state of existence.
+The popular mind is not prepared to receive evidence of insanity in such
+cases because of the revengeful feeling which naturally animates the
+minds of men under such circumstances. And there is another difficulty
+in the way of justice in the fact that this form of insanity is rarely
+accompanied by such evidences of mania as the uninstructed would demand
+as necessary to constitute insanity. The perverted state of the
+affections and the judgment are not necessarily accompanied by the wild
+ravings and glassy eyes of the lunatic. Emotional insanity of this type
+is only temporary. It may, also, only affect a few faculties of the mind
+necessary to the perpetration of the deed, while the mental balance of
+nine-tenths of the man may remain undisturbed.
+
+"The great fact remains, in any case, that by harlotry, licentiousness
+and prostitution the grandest intellects are overturned and the most
+harrowing discords produced in society. As long as society tolerates
+conditions of ignorance in regard to sexuality, and fosters or permits
+establishments having for their avowed purpose the excitement of the
+passions and the obliteration of the virtues, we will continue to have
+repetitions of tragedies similar to the case of Hawes."
+
+
+
+
+HOW LIVING HEADS AND DEAD SKULLS ARE MEASURED.
+
+    An Interview With Prof. William Windsor, LL. B., the
+    Distinguished Phrenologist, Lecturer and Traveler.
+
+    [From the Memphis (Tenn.) _Appeal_.]
+
+
+For several years the citizens of Memphis have not had an opportunity to
+hear a discussion of the principles of the science of phrenology, or
+character reading. The announcement in yesterday's _Appeal_ of the
+series of entertainments to be given in the Young Men's Hebrew
+Association Hall, by Prof. Wm. Windsor, LL. B., beginning to-night,
+prompted a reporter to call at the Gayoso hotel last night, and send his
+card to the Professor. He was cordially received by the Professor's
+wife, Mme. Lilla D. Windsor, a lady of elegant presence and charming
+affability of manner, in their private parlors on the first floor, and
+agreeably entertained until the Professor dismissed several who had
+called for professional services.
+
+"The science of phrenology," said Professor Windsor, smiling, after the
+usual greetings and upon learning the object of the visit, "is very much
+misunderstood. It is a popular error to suppose that we depend upon an
+examination of depressions and ridges in the cranium, commonly termed
+'bumps,' when, in fact, a phrenological examination is based upon a
+critical inspection of the entire physiological structure and condition,
+including comparative development of size and configuration of brain,
+as I shall demonstrate in the lectures.
+
+"Come this way," said the Professor, leading to another apartment where
+a uniformed employé was engaged in unpacking several enormous
+trunks. "Look at these skulls. Here is the skull of a man executed at
+forty years of age who murdered a family of six persons in Mississippi
+in 1842. Contrast it with this skull of a harmless old negress who died
+at the comfortable age of 108, and you will see how much difference
+there is in heads," and the phrenologist demonstrated by actual
+measurement that there was over four inches difference in comparative
+development. He also exhibited to the reporter a number of other crania
+showing equal diversity of growth.
+
+"I shall exhibit these crania at the free lectures and demonstrate the
+scientific principle upon which phrenology rests," continued the
+Professor, as he conducted the reporter through an inspection of the
+outfit. "Here are the three smallest mummies in the world, besides many
+other specimens which I use in my physiological lectures to the sexes
+separately. I also use a number of portraits and diagrams in my lectures
+on matrimony and physiognomy; but the real demonstration, of the utility
+of the work is made in public examinations of leading citizens selected
+by the audience. It is a fact that character can be read, and read
+correctly, and if this be true, all that I claim for the science in
+adapting young men, women and children to proper studies, professions,
+trades, etc., follows logically and as a matter of course. It also
+follows that if one character can be measured scientifically, a proper
+choice for associates in matrimony, business partnerships, etc., can be
+indicated. It is the purpose of the lectures to demonstrate these facts
+to the satisfaction of the public.
+
+"The first lecture will be devoted to an exposition of scientific
+principles, the second to the application of these principles in choice
+of professions and trades, the third to the consideration of matrimony."
+
+"What shade of meaning do you attach to the word 'anthropologist' as
+used by you, Professor?"
+
+"The word signifies, in its broadest sense, a student of human nature.
+In its application it includes man in all his physical, mental and
+social conditions. Phrenology is the science of the mind--mental
+philosophy. Anthropology is the science of man--human philosophy. To the
+proper understanding of these great subjects we must look for the
+solution of all social problems, concerning the mental, moral and
+physical advancement of the race, or races, as the case may be."
+
+A pleasant half hour was devoted to conversation, when the reporter
+withdrew. Professor Windsor is a gentleman of genial social qualities,
+and scholarly in language and appearance. He possesses a magnificent
+physique, which he claims to have gained by a strict conformity to his
+rules of diet and habits of living. He weighs 200 pounds, uses no
+stimulants--tea, coffee or tobacco--and prides himself on being able to
+sustain fifteen hours per day of professional labor, made necessary by
+his large practice and business management. He has just closed a
+successful course of twenty-seven consecutive lectures in Kansas City,
+and does not seem in the least fatigued. The Kansas City _Star_, in
+referring to his closing lecture, speaks of it as one of the finest ever
+delivered in that metropolis.
+
+
+
+
+CRIME AND ITS CAUSES.
+
+    What a Noted Specialist Has to Say of It--Cranial Malformation
+    the Genesis of Much Crime Traced to Other Sources--An
+    Interesting Talk.
+
+    [From the Birmingham (Ala.) _Age-Herald_.]
+
+
+Prof. William Windsor, of New York, is in the city. He has a reputation
+that is almost international in his specialty; for, as a phrenologist,
+his discussion of the physical conditions which lead to crimes, have had
+a wide notoriety.
+
+Chatting with an _Age-Herald_ reporter last night, he gave a most
+interesting and instructive talk on the noted crimes that have occurred
+during the past ten years. Professor Windsor has studied most of the
+criminals that have become prominent, and in a purely scientific way he
+has gone back of the outward evidences of criminal depravity to
+understand the physical and possibly hereditary conditions that brought
+about the overt acts. His fund of information on this subject is almost
+an inexhaustible one.
+
+In discussing the Maxwell murder, he said: "I was in Texas at the time
+of the St. Louis tragedy. A friend of mine sent me a picture of the
+alleged murderer, with a request that I give my theory of the crime.
+Like many newspaper cuts, it was decidedly unsatisfactory; but the man
+who made it had caught enough of the likeness to enable me to know the
+chief characteristics of Maxwell.
+
+"Explaining the disadvantages under which I labored, I at once wrote to
+him, and gave my theory of the crime; and when, at last, the matter came
+out, I found that I was right."
+
+"Do you study every criminal case that comes under your observation?"
+
+"Of course I do. A man who is alive to science can not help doing it.
+Whenever I hear of a crime and learn the circumstances of its
+commission, I at once begin to devote my own mind to the combination of
+mental qualities which could have rendered it possible. Of course it is
+impossible to understand how some of the terrible acts could have been
+committed; but you would be surprised to know how much is revealed
+by seeing either the man or a good portion of him.
+
+"The mental characteristics of criminals have much to do with not only
+the crimes they commit, but the manner in which they perpetrate their
+deeds, and in a consideration of what has been accomplished, heredity
+plays a strong part. Some men are born with an adeptness for crime of a
+certain character. Let the opportunity arise, and they yield to the
+stress of circumstance and become guilty men. I have seen a number of
+noted criminals who would not have been such, except for the unfortunate
+circumstances that made them do an act which left them notorious."
+
+"How about these bank cashiers who keep skipping off to Canada?" was
+asked.
+
+"Well, there is one singular fact about them. The men who leave seldom
+have acquisitiveness well developed. They have not a sense of values,
+and when they are put in positions of trust, they fail to appreciate how
+much is entrusted to them."
+
+"Then they go to squandering?"
+
+"Yes, in one way that is true. They fail to appreciate their
+responsibilities and take chances. Their carelessness soon tells, and
+before they know it they are involved. This is the story of more than
+half the defalcations that have been made public during the past decade.
+It is not that the men were dishonest to begin with, but they did not
+appreciate the value of the securities that were entrusted to them, and
+by their laxity allowed themselves to become involved, and then yielded
+to temptation through a sense of shame. There are not nearly as many men
+who are criminals _per se_ as the world believes.
+
+"Many of the criminals so called are not responsible for their acts.
+Their apparent moral obliquity is, in reality, a mental deficiency, for
+which they are not any more to blame than you or I. I have seen men who
+had been guilty--yes, even convicted of most heinous crimes, who from
+the very conformation of their heads revealed certain things that, to
+say the least, should have been considered in mitigation of their
+supposed guilt.
+
+"I have made a study of criminals for years, and I think that it is safe
+to say that in most cases that have come under my observation there were
+either congenital or hereditary deformities to which the special
+obliquity could be traced. Such has been the history of crimes in all
+eras, and one only has to turn to the medical history of the world to
+see that scientific men have even given greater cognizance to these
+causes than can ever be brought before juries composed of men whose
+training has not been such as to enable them to appreciate how much
+these physical conditions have to do with the commission of crime.
+
+"I see men every day who would be criminals if the stress of
+circumstances forced them to it, and they would not be entirely
+responsible for their action. Crime has more origin in the head than the
+heart, and it is in the study of phrenology that we have the fact
+revealed."
+
+
+
+
+A MURDERER'S MENTALITY.
+
+    Fritz Anschlag, a German Farmer in Los Angeles county,
+    California, in 1888 murdered Charles Hitchcock and wife, a
+    highly respected couple living at Garden Grove in that county,
+    to obtain possession of their farm, for which a deed had been
+    executed to him, but not delivered, awaiting payment. He was
+    tried, convicted, and sentenced to hang, but defeated the law by
+    committing suicide. An interesting feature of his case was the
+    receipt of a letter from his sister in Germany, before his
+    trial, informing him of the fact that she, his parents and all
+    his relatives had utterly disowned him and regarded him with no
+    sympathy whatever. As this was done before he was proven guilty,
+    and upon mere knowledge of the accusation, it is significant in
+    showing that the whole family were as deficient in the social
+    propensities as was Anschlag himself.
+
+
+DOOMED ANSCHLAG.
+
+    A Phrenologist Examines the Murderer's Head.--The Brute Becomes
+    Angry at His Visitors, But Says Nothing--A Report of the
+    Examination.
+
+    [From the Los Angeles (Cal.) _Express_.]
+
+This morning, through the kindness of Jailor Henry Russell, an _Express_
+reporter was allowed to enter the cell of Fritz Anschlag, the condemned
+murderer of Charles Hitchcock and wife, of Garden Grove, to witness an
+examination of Anschlag's head by Prof. William Windsor, assisted by his
+wife. Jailor Russell swung open the iron door of the death-watch cell
+and allowed the reporter and the Professor, accompanied by his wife, to
+enter, and then followed himself.
+
+As the little party entered the place of confinement, Anschlag looked
+nervously around, and seeing the visitors, frowned and mumbled some
+incoherent words in German. The reporter was asked to speak to the
+murderer in German and make known to him the object of the morning's
+visit. Anschlag at first was not willing to have his head examined, but
+when assured it might be for his benefit, he readily consented.
+
+Professor Windsor smoothed back Anschlag's long straight hair from his
+forehead and running his fingers through the murderer's hair, began to
+make an examination.
+
+As the professor was going through the preliminary movements, the brute
+trembled and turned color several times. During the examination
+Professor Windsor would explain as he went along, and when finished,
+kindly gave the reporter the following written report:
+
+Anschlag's head measures twenty-two inches around the base of the brain
+and fourteen inches across the crown. His nature is peculiar in the fact
+that the organs of the brain which deal with property values, and the
+ability to make a living by ordinary transactions, are almost entirely
+idiotic. He shows a fair development of memory and perception, but his
+ability to reason upon moral questions of right and wrong, property and
+the rights of others, and the consequences of his own acts, is almost
+absolutely wanting. He is, in all respects, a moral idiot, and it is a
+noteworthy fact that the most atrocious crimes are committed by this
+class of criminal idiots. The great difficulty in his case is in
+getting the public or a jury to believe that a man may be capable of
+reasoning on one point and displaying absolutely no power to think
+correctly on the moral side of the question. The physical fact remains,
+however, that to give Anschlag correct judgment on any question
+involving property, ethics or the consequences of his own acts to
+himself or others, his head would have to be enlarged at least an inch
+in the occipital region and the posterior part of the crown.
+
+
+ANSCHLAG'S MENTALITY.
+
+    A Scientific Estimate of the Murderer's Brain--What Prof.
+    William Windsor, LL. B., the Eminent Phrenologist, Says of his
+    Mental Caliber--He Calls Him an Idiot--No More Moral Sense Than
+    a Dog--The Fault His Ancestors'.
+
+    [From the Los Angeles (Cal.) _Tribune_].
+
+Prof. William Windsor, LL. B., the phrenologist whose lectures, in Los
+Angeles, last January, excited such general interest, returned to the
+city yesterday, _en route_ for San Diego. He visited the jail yesterday
+and made an examination of Fritz Anschlag, the noted murderer of the Mr.
+and Mrs. Hitchcock. A representative of the _Tribune_ called on
+Professor Windsor at the St. Elmo and requested him to give the readers
+of this journal the results of his examination of the man whose
+atrocious crime has absorbed the attention of the public ever since its
+committal.
+
+"Anschlag is a moral idiot," said Professor Windsor, in answer to the
+first interrogatory of the scribe. "He belongs to a class of beings who,
+from the circumstances of birth and education, are destitute of the
+requisite amount of sense necessary to form a correct judgment on moral
+questions as well as many others.
+
+"It is a popular error to suppose that phrenology depends upon 'bumps,'
+so called, or protuberances or hollows in the conformation of the skull.
+The conclusions of the phrenologist are based upon estimates of brain
+fiber, their quality and length from a point in the base of the brain
+directly between the ears, to the surface. This measurement in different
+heads will show a comparative difference of three or four inches in many
+cases, though the heads may be smooth in contour and destitute of
+'bumps.' Just look at these two skulls, for instance," placing two
+ghastly objects on the table, which, by actual measurement, differed
+more than three inches.
+
+"Does Anschlag's head resemble either of these?"
+
+"Not in all particulars. This," holding up the broader of the two, "is
+the skull of Andrew J. McCannon, executed in Mississippi, more than
+forty years ago, for the murder of the Adock family, two adults and
+three children. It is a case of moral idiocy more pronounced than
+Anschlag's."
+
+"What distinction do you make, Professor, in the case of Anschlag or
+this murderer, and a case of total idiocy such as we all recognize?"
+
+"The difference is partly in degree, and partly in the fact that a man
+may be idiotic in one faculty and have all or a majority of the other
+faculties in the mind in good working order. Cases of color-blindness
+furnish a familiar example. Color-blindness is not a defect of the eye,
+but a defect of the brain. In other words, the party is destitute of the
+sense of color, and it may be readily detected by a deficiency of brain
+just above the eye.
+
+"This head of McCannon shows a good development of the base of the
+brain, giving fine energies and observation, but the entire upper story
+is taken away. Anschlag, on the other hand, shows a good development in
+front of the ears, sufficient memory, sympathy and observation to
+display more than average intelligence on some points. The organs in the
+back part of the crown and the occipital region generally, are almost
+destitute of power, and render him incapable of comprehending social
+relations, his duties towards others, or the consequences of his acts.
+He can not form a correct judgment in regard to the rights of property,
+and if he wanted anything he would steal it, without giving a thought to
+the question of right or wrong. If he were questioned whether it were
+right or wrong to steal or murder, he would answer 'wrong,' because he
+has heard others say it was wrong, and he answers from memory alone. If
+the question could be left entirely to his own judgment, he would be as
+absolutely incapable of solving it as a man who is color-blind would be
+incapable of distinguishing shades of color."
+
+"If Anschlag's head was as deficient in all points as he is in the
+region behind the ears, what would be the result?" inquired the
+reporter.
+
+"It would be much the same as this," replied the phrenologist, producing
+a cast of the head of an adult idiot "destitute of all resemblance to
+the head of a human being, and showing a short development of brain
+fiber at all points. It is a noteworthy fact that the most revolting
+crimes are generally committed by the insane and the morally idiotic
+because their condition renders them incapable of understanding the
+moral side of the question. A single life or a dozen lives which stand
+in the way of their accomplishing a purpose, are regarded by them as
+simply so many obstacles to be overcome, and if, as in Anschlag's case,
+the organs giving conscientiousness and fear of consequences are weak,
+they will not hesitate to destroy life to carry out a design."
+
+"Do you consider Anschlag insane within the meaning of the law as to
+responsibility for crime?"
+
+"He is idiotic in the particulars mentioned, and is incapable of
+exercising moral responsibility in any case. He is likely to commit
+homicide upon any occasion which may seem to him to be expedient. I
+would not hold him responsible more than I would hold a horse, dog, or
+any other animal incapable of correct reason."
+
+"Where, then, would you fix the responsibility for the murder of the
+victims?"
+
+"Upon Anschlag's parents and ancestors generally, and upon the condition
+of society which permits marriages and sexual conditions in parents
+which can not bring about other than deplorable results. Anschlag's
+condition is the result of ignorant violation of natural law on the part
+of his ancestors, dating back for generations. Much could have been done
+for him by a proper education. That it was not done is merely another
+unfortunate link in a melancholy chain of calamities."
+
+
+
+
+PHRENOLOGY IN POLITICS.
+
+    Some Important Facts in Physiology Which Politicians Do not Take
+    into Account--The Lessons of the Recent Election Considered From
+    a Phrenological Standpoint--Characteristics of Some Leading Men.
+
+    [From the Dallas (Texas) _News_, Nov. 10, 1888.]
+
+
+"There are some facts which play an important part in politics," said
+Prof. Wm. Windsor, the phrenologist, to a _News_ representative last
+night after the professor had dismissed his audience in Hill's business
+college hall after an interesting lecture on physiognomy, "which
+politicians, as a rule, do not consider. Of course any man of
+intelligence who plays long at the game of politics comes to possess a
+certain kind of shrewdness in judging human nature; but very few of
+them are able to recognize and define the subtile constitutional
+influences which predetermine the success or failure of the aspirant for
+political honors. Such influences, however, exist, and other things
+being equal, or approximately so, it is entirely possible to select, out
+of a number of candidates, the ones who will succeed by sheer force of
+physical attributes. There are men who are by nature qualified to lead
+in great enterprises, and they owe their success in attracting the
+support of their followers not so much to the development of intellect
+and shrewdness as to the strong attachment arising from a large
+development of the brain back of the ears in those regions which give
+courage and social fraternity. After many years' careful study of the
+subject, I am positive in the opinion that a strong preponderance of the
+electric temperament is of the greatest importance in the constitutional
+qualifications of a man who assumes the task of a political race in
+anything of higher moment than a county election. The magnetic
+temperament seems to be particularly unfortunate in political contests."
+
+"What are the distinguishing characteristics of these temperaments?"
+
+"The electric is the brunette, the magnetic is the blonde. Of the
+former, General Harrison is a fine example; so were his ancestors, who
+have played a conspicuous part in history. The electric temperament is
+dark and swarthy in complexion, angular in configuration, tenacious and
+strong in texture, and possesses a well-rounded back head, giving large
+organs of social fraternity, courage, caution and self-reliance. In
+General Harrison, these traits are somewhat softened by a superabundant
+vitality, but the traits are all there. John A. Logan was a magnificent
+type of this temperament. Abraham Lincoln personified it in all its
+angularity and simplicity. Governor Ross, of this State, is strongly
+marked with it; while, to come nearer home, your own Barney Gibbs is as
+good an example of the vital phase of it as Lincoln was of the motive.
+Nearly all the Presidents of the United States were strongly endowed
+with this temperament, except Rutherford B. Hayes, who, on the contrary,
+was a fine example of the magnetic. You will remember that he was a sort
+of accidental President, anyhow, and that he was the result of a
+compromise in his own party, in a convention in which several electric
+temperament candidates had produced a deadlock. You will also remember
+that his administration was characterized by no act of National
+importance and that at its close he was relegated to an obscurity such
+as has never befallen any other ex-President."
+
+"How about the National legislature?"
+
+"Three-fourths of the members of Congress and a greater proportion of
+the Senate are brunettes. The same rule holds good in State legislatures
+as far as I have observed. The temperament which stands second best in
+political preferment is the magnetic mental. Sam J. Tilden, Levi P.
+Morton and Thomas A. Hendricks represent this type. It owes its success
+to the depth and intensity of its intellectual development, which
+frequently creates a demand for its services in great emergencies. It is
+characterized by brilliancy, integrity and the ability to accumulate a
+barrel of money, which is also useful in political emergencies."
+
+"If the blonde is a failure in politics, wherein does he find his proper
+sphere of usefulness?"
+
+"The blonde is an organization of wonderful versatility and commands
+influence and wins applause in vocations calling for spirit and vigor
+displayed at short and frequent intervals, rather than for continued
+tension on the nerves and muscles. He is warm, enthusiastic, generous,
+impulsive, and deficient in the selfish propensities and in ambition. He
+loves display and would like to have power, but is inadequate to the
+continued effort and the endurance necessary to obtain it. He wields a
+more potent influence in the pulpit, on the rostrum or in journalism.
+George W. Peck, T. DeWitt Talmage and R. B. Hayes represent three
+different types of this temperament all possessing these attributes."
+
+"What about Cleveland and Blaine?"
+
+"Cleveland and Blaine are both examples of modified forms of the
+Magnetic temperament, more marked in Blaine's case than in Cleveland's.
+The student of politics will do well to observe that the defeat of
+Blaine in 1884 and of Cleveland in 1888 were both due to defections from
+their own ranks toward opponents of greater power in the particulars
+mentioned. Reasoning from purely physiological grounds, I believe
+Cleveland would have defeated Blaine had he been renominated in 1888.
+The study of human nature from any standpoint is interesting; doubly so
+when viewed in the light of great events which 'try men's souls,' in
+fact, whether they be Presidential elections, the clash of armies or the
+great discoveries of scientific students."
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: PHRENOLOGY SYMBOLIZED.
+
+  Copyright, 1895-
+  BY
+  PROF. WM. WINDSOR, LL. B., Ph. D.
+
+The Symbolical Phrenological Head, Showing the Location of the organs of
+the Brain.]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: GROUPS OF ORGANS.]
+
+DEFINITIONS OF THE FACULTIES OF INTELLIGENCE.
+
+
+PHYSICAL LOVE.
+
+_Amativeness_--Reproductive love; love of the opposite sex, and desire
+to unite in sexual relations and enjoy its company.
+
+_Sexuality_--Sexual friendship and fidelity.
+
+_Philoprogenitiveness_--Parental love; love of offspring and pets.
+
+_Friendship_--Adhesiveness; gregariousness; love of family; desire for
+companionship; attachment to friends.
+
+_Inhabitiveness_--Love of home, place of abode; love of country and
+offensive and defensive patriotism.
+
+_Continuity_--The faculty of connection. The ability to comprehend
+continuousness or interruption; to give undivided and continued
+attention to one subject, or to interrupt intelligently; application,
+connectedness.
+
+
+ENERGY.
+
+_Vitativeness_--The love of life; desire to exist.
+
+_Combativeness_--Defense; courage; defiance; force of character, energy
+and indignation.
+
+_Executiveness_--Executive ability; extermination; thoroughness and
+severity.
+
+_Alternativeness_--Desire for food and drink; faculty of discriminating
+taste.
+
+_Acquisitiveness_--Desire for property; industry; economy in acquiring
+property; realization of value.
+
+_Secretiveness_--Reserve; concealment; policy; conservatism.
+
+_Caution_--Prudence; solicitude; timidity; fear; apprehension of
+danger.
+
+
+DIGNITY.
+
+_Approbativeness_--Love of display; the desire to please; ambition to
+gain admiration and popularity.
+
+_Self-esteem_--Dignity; governing power; independence; self-love.
+
+_Firmness_--Stability; perseverance; decision; inflexibility of purpose.
+
+_Justice_--Righteousness; integrity; circumspection; scrupulousness in
+matters of duty.
+
+
+SYMPATHY.
+
+_Hope_--Belief in future joy; tendency to high expectations.
+
+_Faith_--Trust and belief. Confidence.
+
+_Veneration_--Reverence and worship; deference for superiors, and
+submission to superior power.
+
+_Benevolence_--The desire to do good; sympathy; philanthropy.
+
+_Imitation_--The copying faculty. The ability to conform to existing
+customs, conditions and facts by imitating them.
+
+_Sympathy_--The power to discern motives, character and qualities in
+other persons by sympathetic action.
+
+_Suavity_--Agreeableness; tendency to speak and act in a pleasant
+manner.
+
+
+OBJECTIVE INTELLECT.
+
+_Individuality_--Observation and desire to see things, to identify and
+separate objects.
+
+_Form_--Observation of the shape of things. Sensitiveness to correctness
+or the lack of it in shapes.
+
+_Size_--Power to measure distances, quantities and sizes.
+
+_Weight_--Perception of the effect of gravity, and sense of the
+perpendicular.
+
+_Color_--The discrimination of hues and colors.
+
+_Order_--Faculty of arrangement; method; system; neatness.
+
+_Number_--The power to count, enumerate, reckon, etc.; faculty of
+calculation.
+
+_Motion_--Ability to comprehend movement. Love of motion, sailing,
+navigation, riding, dancing, etc.
+
+_Experience_--The historic faculty; faculty of experience and
+occurrence.
+
+_Locality_--Discernment of position, perception of place.
+
+_Time_--Consciousness of duration; faculty of time, promptness.
+
+_Tune_--Appreciation of sound; ability to distinguish musical tones.
+
+_Constructiveness_--Dexterity and ingenuity; ability in construction;
+faculty of adjustment.
+
+_Language_--Power of expression and ability to talk; verbal expression;
+vocabulary.
+
+
+SUBJECTIVE INTELLECT.
+
+_Causality_--The ability to comprehend principles, and to think
+abstractly; to understand the relation between cause and effect.
+
+_Comparison_--The analyzing, illustrating and comparing faculty.
+
+_Ideality_--Love of the beautiful; desire for perfection, refinement.
+
+_Sublimity_--Love of grandeur and the stupendous; appreciation of the
+terrific.
+
+_Mirthfulness_--Wit; humor; love of fun.
+
+
+
+
+THE PHRENOLOGICAL EXAMINATION.
+
+
+The Phrenological Examination is designed to show in an accurate and
+scientific manner the size and development of _Brain_ of the person
+measured, and to furnish a basis upon which an accurate and reliable
+knowledge of the character may be determined. The measurements can only
+be correctly made by an expert familiar with the principles of
+_Phrenology_. When these measurements are determined according to the
+system, the Phrenologist is enabled to make a Complete Delineation of
+the character, describing the amount and kind of sense possessed by the
+individual, his adaptation to a particular _Business, Trade or
+Profession_, where that kind and amount of Intelligence is required, the
+adaptation in _Matrimony or Business Partnership_, together with special
+directions as to faults and how to correct them, health and longevity
+and how to secure both. The expert must be able to judge the
+Physiological Condition, Temperament and Organic Quality of the
+individual with scientific accuracy, and these are important elements in
+a scientific delineation of character.
+
+Phrenological Examinations are said to be given _orally_ when no record
+is made of the conclusions of the examiner. A Phrenological Chart is a
+blank prepared for concise written statements; and the chart filled out
+is said to constitute a Delineation of Character.
+
+Phrenometrical Measurements are given by means of the _Phrenometer_, an
+instrument used for measuring the head, by which the exact form and size
+of sections of the head can be reproduced upon diagrams prepared for the
+purpose. This is the most valuable and reliable way of making an
+examination.
+
+A phrenograph is a written description of the character of an
+individual, giving all the minute points and shadings of character in
+the language of the examiner, and its value depends upon the perspicuity
+and literary expression of the writer not less than upon his skill as a
+phrenologist.
+
+[Illustration: PROF. WINDSOR'S ASSISTANTS MAKING A PHRENOMETRICAL SURVEY.]
+
+It must be evident from the foregoing that the value of the service
+rendered by the phrenologist varies, as in all other professions,
+according to his education and training, the instruments with which he
+works, the elaborateness of the product and the adaptation of the
+phrenologist to his own business.
+
+The public should be warned against patronizing men who practice
+Phrenology in a way that would bring any business into ridicule. Men who
+are uneducated, who do not use the latest and best equipments, who have
+never had any professional training, who do not comprehend professional
+ethics or dignity, and who do not possess the elements of success in
+their own characters, are hardly the ones to whom an intelligent man
+would submit the most important questions concerning his own welfare
+with the hope of receiving competent advice. But Phrenology has been
+cursed with this class of quacks, perhaps even more than the profession
+of medicine. And it is largely due to the stupendous blunders of such
+pretenders that Phrenology is not recognized more generally by
+intelligent scientists. Considered in its beauty and simplicity, it
+certainly offers a more rational and practical system of mental
+philosophy than has ever been otherwise formulated.
+
+
+EXAMPLES OF PHRENOMETRICAL MEASUREMENTS.
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 1. COMBATIVE.]
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 2. NON-COMBATIVE.]
+
+Sections of base of brain, showing development of physical energy. The
+dotted lines in Fig. 2 show the deficiency in alimentiveness,
+executiveness and combativeness.
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 3. NON-SYMPATHETIC.]
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 4. SYMPATHETIC.]
+
+Profile sections showing development of sympathy and dignity. The dotted
+line in Fig. 3 shows deficiency in Human Nature and Benevolence.
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 5. MODERATE CAPACITY.]
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 6. GREAT CAPACITY.]
+
+Two sections of the region of subjective intellect, showing different
+capacities of two individuals.
+
+
+EXAMINATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS.
+
+Phrenological examinations can be made from photographs with accuracy,
+provided the photograph is a correct likeness, and some additional
+information can be supplied. Owing to obvious difficulties, absolute
+correctness cannot be guaranteed, but the results are sufficiently
+valuable to justify the expedient wherever it is impossible to submit
+the living head.
+
+To obtain satisfactory results the photograph should be cabinet size,
+and should show the form of the head and face as plainly as possible.
+Very little can be told from a photograph when a hat is worn, or when
+the personality is covered with millinery, wigs, bangs, uniforms, etc.,
+etc.
+
+A plain photograph, showing a three-quarter view of the face, is best.
+Front views and profiles are valuable for some points and worthless for
+others. When it is possible, a three-quarter view, front and profile may
+all be submitted with good results.
+
+The forms of examinations and charts from photographs and prices charged
+for the service are the same as for the living subject, except that the
+Phrenometer measurements cannot be given from a photograph, and an oral
+examination cannot be given by mail.
+
+Persons who have already been examined by me and who hold certificates
+for Forms II, III or IV, may have opinions on Business Partnership or
+Matrimony at one dollar for short opinions, and five dollars for the
+elaborate form.
+
+In all other cases prices are as follows:
+
+    Business Chart and General Advice                $ 5 00
+    Business Chart and Adaptation in Matrimony        10 00
+    Adaptation in Matrimony only                       5 00
+    Elaborate Phrenograph on all subjects             25 00
+
+
+Information Required.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Take the following measurements of the head: Pass a tape measure around
+the circumference of the base of the brain, passing just above the
+eyebrows and just above the ears. This is called the _basilar
+circumference_. Also measure the distance from the bottom of the orifice
+of one ear to the corresponding point of the other, over the top of the
+head at the highest point. This is called the _trans-coronal_
+measurement. Then copy and fill out the following blank, and submit with
+the photograph:
+
+
+    --> Do not cut or mutilate this page.
+    Name of original of photo__________________________
+    Address____________________________________________
+    Age____________Weight____________Height____________
+    Sex______Color of hair________Color of eyes________
+    Basilar circumference of head________________inches.
+    Trans-coronal measurement____________________inches.
+    Circumference of chest, lungs empty__________inches.
+    Circumference of chest, lungs filled_________inches.
+    Condition of health_________________________________
+    ____________________________________________________
+    Amount of education received________________________
+    ____________________________________________________
+    Present occupation__________________________________
+    Information most especially desired_________________
+    ____________________________________________________
+    Number of photographs enclosed______________________
+    To be returned to___________________________________
+    (Write return address plainly)______________________
+    Form of examination requested_______________________
+    Fee enclosed, $_____ Stamps enclosed for return_____
+
+When all the above points can be stated it is desirable that it should
+be done. When it is impossible to do so, the blanks may be filled out in
+part, and I will in all cases do the best that can be done with
+information at hand. Address all correspondence on this subject to
+
+    DR. WILLIAM WINDSOR,
+        Box 66, St. Paul, Minn.
+
+
+
+
+THE GRAND TABLE OF VITOSOPHY and Supplementary Tables.
+
+
+Printed in large type on heavy cardboard 10×4 inches, suitable for
+hanging, containing four pages of valuable information as follows:
+
+PAGE I.
+
+The Grand Table of Vitosophy, consisting of seven columns comprising the
+Conditions of Life, the Seven Senses, the Temperaments, the Vital
+Organs, the Functions, the Seven Virtues and the Elements of Happiness
+arranged in juxtaposition with notes and explanations. In two colors.
+
+PAGE II.
+
+The Supplementary Tables of Vitosophy, comprising the Vital Organs and
+their Indicators, the table of Vices and Consequences. The table of
+Virtues, Results and Attributes, the table of Temperaments and Colors.
+The Vitosophical Symbols, their Significance and related colors with
+notes and explanations. Each Symbol on this page is painted by hand,
+giving its appropriate color.
+
+PAGE III.
+
+Contains a large Phrenological Head with names and Symbols of the
+Phrenological Areas and Names and Definitions of the corresponding
+Faculties of Intelligence. In two colors.
+
+PAGE IV.
+
+The Vitosophist's Creed. Beautifully printed in two colors in Old
+English Text and giving the seven articles of belief of the true
+vitosophist, expressing rationally his belief in and relation to the
+subjects of God, Life Eternal, Death, Immortality, Evil and Good, the
+forces of Nature, the practice of the Virtues and the attainment of
+Happiness. This is a work of Art and is worthy of a place of honor in
+the library, study or school room. Mailed flat, to any address, securely
+packed, postpaid. Price One Dollar.
+
+Address Dr. Wm. Windsor, Box 66, St. Paul, Minn.
+
+
+
+
+EAT SOME SAND!
+
+   "Let good digestion wait on
+    appetite, and Health on both."
+                    _Shakespeare_.
+
+
+[Illustration: Dr. Wm. Windsor "THE SAND MAN"]
+
+PURIFIED SAND
+
+  FOR TABLE USE
+  Price per Pound 50 Cents
+  Prepared and Sold by
+
+  DR. WILLIAM WINDSOR
+
+  Box 66, St. Paul, Minn.
+  583 Riverside Drive, New York
+  1426 Fourth Ave. Seattle, Wash.
+
+The Fairy Tale of your youth described the "Sand Man" as the good spirit
+who brought sleep to your eye-lids. Dr. Windsor has brought restful
+sleep to thousands by producing a good digestion, without which perfect
+sleep is impossible.
+
+DIRECTIONS
+
+A Tablespoonful of Purified Sand taken after each meal promotes
+digestion, disinfects the Alimentary Canal, sweetens the Breath and
+positively cures Indigestion, Constipation, Chronic Diarrhoea, Summer
+Complaint and all disorders of the Stomach and Bowels.
+
+  This Sand is absolutely pure and
+  contains no medication whatever.
+
+Drink liberal quantities of pure water for best results.
+
+
+
+
+THE VITOSOPHY CLUB LESSONS
+
+    A Course of Instruction By Mail, Extending Over a Year of Time,
+    Which Makes You Happy, Healthy and Prosperous.
+
+
+Hundreds of young men and women drag along in comparative poverty and
+uncongenial occupations and surroundings, because they have never
+learned how to get away from these conditions. Many others wonder why
+they never get ahead when they work so faithfully and try so hard. Often
+the reason of failure is found in some mild form of disease, so mild in
+fact that it escapes the notice of the sufferer himself. Sometimes it is
+a wrong personal habit, or some fault of dress or manner which
+continually destroys the possibility of success.
+
+For a quarter of a century Dr. William Windsor has been the friend and
+advisor of young men and women in the art of self-improvement. In
+hundreds of instances of which testimonials are on file, he has in one
+short interview, set a man on the path of success and a woman in the
+possession of happiness. He writes a great many long letters to
+individuals who lay the story of their lives and their struggles before
+him and solves many of their heart-breaking problems. THE VITOSOPHY CLUB
+LESSONS are the result of this large experience and are now for the
+first time presented in the form of a concise course of study in
+elegantly printed lessons, which are issued in monthly installments of
+from four to six lessons at a time--a year's issue covering fifty-two
+lessons--one for each week of the year. Members of the Vitosophy Club
+make a practice of taking each lesson as a subject of thought and action
+for one week, carefully conforming conduct and observation to it for
+self-improvement and experiment, with wonderfully satisfactory results.
+
+
+LEARN TO READ CHARACTER.
+
+The Elementary and Ethical Lessons Nos. 1 to 27, constitute an excellent
+elementary instruction in the science of Vitosophy, embracing the basic
+principles of Genetics, Phrenology and Ethics, and enable the member to
+acquire a very comprehensive knowledge of the greatest of all
+educational subjects--Human Character.
+
+The Health Lessons Nos. 28 to 39, cover all the essential instructions
+necessary to applying the Vitosophical principles of healing, enabling
+the member to keep himself in perfect Health, and extend his Knowledge
+to others who ignorantly suffer.
+
+THE LESSONS ON PERSONAL HABITS
+
+inculcate the highest form of personal agreeableness and the conditions
+essential to success. Read the titles of Nos. 40 to 50 which speak for
+themselves.
+
+The two Financial Lessons at the close of the series contain information
+which has directly caused the financial success of many prosperous men
+and women who gratefully attest the value of Dr. Windsor's advice and
+counsel.
+
+These Lessons must not be confounded with The Delineation of Character
+which is furnished by Dr. Windsor in his private interviews with
+individuals, or by mail from photographs, which is an entirely distinct
+service. You need the Delineation of your Character to show you your
+personal weak and strong points, your faults and how to correct them,
+talents and how to use them; your adaptation in Business, Marriage,
+Climate and Place of Residence, etc., all of which is based on your
+personal conditions. Then you should take the Vitosophy Club Lessons to
+learn the principles of the Science and how to apply them to yourself
+and others in reading character, healing diseases, and making yourself
+socially and financially successful.
+
+You can take the Delineation of Character without the Lessons, or the
+Vitosophy Club Lessons without the Delineation, but you need both and
+both are essential to your health, your education, your financial
+success and your personal happiness.
+
+
+LIST OF VITOSOPHY CLUB LESSONS
+
+This splendid course of instruction is sold at Ten Dollars. Delineations
+of Character are given at various prices, according to what you require.
+
+I. Elementary and Ethical
+
+    1. Vitosophy--The Wise Way of Living.
+    2. The Vitosophy Club.
+    3. Phrenology.
+    4. The Elements of Character.
+    5. Explanation of the Symbolical Head.
+    6. The Study of Temperament.
+    7. How to use the Grand Table of Vitosophy.
+    8. How to use the Supplementary Tables.
+    9. How to Cure the Poverty Disease.
+   10. The Cure of Catarrh.
+   11. The Seven Symbols of Vitosophy.
+   12. The Seven Commandments.
+   13. The Vitosophist's Creed.
+   14. The Forty-nine Vitosophical Resolutions.
+   15. Phrenology as an Element in Business Success.
+   16. Vitosophical Education.
+   17. Crimes, Criminals and Punishments.
+   18. The Study of Justice.
+   19. How Children are Developed into Criminals.
+   20. Analysis of Love and Friendship.
+   21. The Value of Song.
+   22. Dancing as a Means of Physical and Mental Culture.
+   23. Matrimony or the Selection of Companions.
+   24. How to Improve Memory.
+   25. The Conquest of the Vices.
+   26. The Individual Flavor.
+   27. Companionship--The Central Fact in Life.
+
+II. Health.
+
+   28. How to be Healthy.
+   29. The Current of Magnetism and How to Control It.
+   30. Condensed Directions for the Practice of Vitosophy in all Forms
+       of Disease.
+   31. The Cure of Weak Nutrition.
+   32. Letter to a Kentucky Editor Afflicted with Indigestion and
+       Constipation.
+   33. Letter to a Young Lady Supposed to be Afflicted with Tuberculosis.
+   34. The Cure of Catarrhal Deafness.
+   35. The Cure of Rheumatism.
+   36. The Cure of Epilepsy, Fits or Convulsions.
+   37. The Cure of Consumption.
+   38. The Cure of Constipation in Infants.
+   39. Why You Should Eat Sand.
+
+III. Personal Habits.
+
+   40. Keeping the Body Clean.
+   41. The Art of Eating.
+   42. The Art of Bathing.
+   43. The Art of Sleeping.
+   44. The Art of Drinking.
+   45. The Art of Personal Agreeableness.
+   46. Improvement of Personal Appearance.
+   47. Improvement of Personal Manners.
+   48. The Promotion of Comfort.
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+<h1 class="pg">The Project Gutenberg eBook, How to Become Rich, by William Windsor</h1>
+<pre>
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at <a href = "http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></pre>
+<p>Title: How to Become Rich</p>
+<p>       A Treatise on Phrenology, Choice of Professions and Matrimony</p>
+<p>Author: William Windsor</p>
+<p>Release Date: May 30, 2007  [eBook #21646]</p>
+<p>Language: English</p>
+<p>Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1</p>
+<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HOW TO BECOME RICH***</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>E-text prepared by Carl Hudkins, Laura Wisewell,<br />
+    and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br />
+    (http://www.pgdp.net)</h3>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<div class="transnote">
+<h4 class="center">Transcriber&#8217;s note</h4>
+
+<p><strong>Printer errors:</strong> A number of printer errors have been corrected.  These are marked by light underlining and a title attribute which can be accessed by hovering with the mouse. For example, <ins class="corr" title="Original read &lsquo;txet.&rsquo;">text</ins>.
+In addition, some punctuation errors have been corrected, but inconsistent hyphenation has been left as in the original.</p>
+
+<p><strong>Table of Contents:</strong> The original had a Table of Contents only for Part&nbsp;II (<a href="#p127">page&nbsp;127</a>), and it omits one of the sections.  For the reader&#8217;s convenience, a full <a href="#CONTENTS">Table of Contents</a> has been provided after the Preface.</p>
+
+<p><strong>Accessibility:</strong> Expansions of abbreviations have been provided using the &lt;abbr&gt; tag, and changes in language are marked.  The following accesskeys are provided:</p>
+
+<ul class="off">
+
+<li><a name="accesskeys" id="accesskeys"></a>0 <a href="#accesskeys" accesskey="0">This list of accesskeys</a></li>
+<li>1 <a href="#p1" accesskey="1">Start of book</a></li>
+<li>2 <a href="#Phrenology" accesskey="2">Skip book&#8217;s frontmatter.</a></li>
+<li>3 <a href="#CONTENTS" rel="contents" accesskey="3">Contents</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h1><span class="num" title="Page 1">&nbsp;</span><a name="p1" id="p1"></a>
+<strong class="smcap">How To Become Rich</strong>
+<br />
+<small>A TREATISE ON</small>
+<br />
+<big>PHRENOLOGY</big>
+<br />
+CHOICE OF PROFESSIONS
+<br />
+<small>AND</small>
+<br />
+<big>MATRIMONY.</big>
+</h1>
+
+<p class="title"><small>BY</small>
+<br />
+<big><abbr title="Professor">PROF.</abbr> WILLIAM WINDSOR, LL.&nbsp;B., PH.&nbsp;D.</big>
+<br />
+<span class="allsc">PHRENOLOGIST AND ANTHROPOLOGIST</span>,
+<br />
+<span class="smcap">Author of &ldquo;Science of Creation,&rdquo; &ldquo;Loma, A Citizen
+of Venus,&rdquo; etc., etc.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="minor" />
+
+<p class="title"><em>Brain is Money; Character is Capital; Knowledge of your Resources
+is the Secret of Success.</em></p>
+
+<hr class="minor" />
+<p class="title">THIRD EDITION REVISED.</p>
+<hr class="minor" />
+
+
+<p class="center">
+M.&nbsp;A. DONOHUE &amp; COMPANY<br />
+CHICAGO
+<span style="margin-left:2em; margin-right:2em; visibility:hidden;">&middot;</span>
+NEW YORK
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<p class="center" style="margin:2em;"><span class="num" title="Page 2">&nbsp;</span><a name="p2" id="p2"></a>
+
+<span class="smcap">Copyright, 1898.<br />
+BY<br />
+<abbr title="Professor">PROF.</abbr> <abbr title="WILLIAM">WM.</abbr> WINDSOR, LL.&nbsp;B.</span><br />
+<br />
+<em>All Rights Reserved.</em><br />
+<br />
+Made in U.&nbsp;S.&nbsp;A.<br />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h2><span class="num" title="Page 3">&nbsp;</span><a name="p3" id="p3"></a>
+<a name="PREFACE" id="PREFACE"></a>PREFACE.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The unremitting demand made by an indulgent and appreciative public for
+a printed edition of the lectures delivered by me in my professional
+capacity, has furnished the motive for the publication of the present
+edition, comprising the three most popular lectures of my usual course,
+to mixed audiences. The work has been prepared for the press hurriedly,
+while under the strain of enormous professional and personal
+responsibilities, and during the busiest season of a professional
+practice, which already imposes the burden of fifteen hours per day of
+incessant labor, which may account for any inaccuracies, typographical
+or otherwise, which may appear. My lectures on Sexual and Creative
+Science, delivered to the sexes separately, are now in course of
+preparation, and will be given to the public in similar form as soon as
+practicable.</p>
+
+<p>With the hope that this publication may serve to crystallize the
+doctrines I have so earnestly advocated in years past, and that they
+may, in this form, reach thousands who have not been able to come under
+my personal influence, in public lectures,</p>
+
+<p class="quotsig">
+I am, fraternally,<br />
+WILLIAM WINDSOR.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;">
+<span class="num" title="Page 4">&nbsp;</span><a name="p4" id="p4"></a>
+<img src="images/00windsor.png" width="250" height="290" alt="" title="" />
+<p class="caption smcap">William Windsor, LL.&nbsp;B., Ph.&nbsp;D.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="transnote">
+<h2><a name="CONTENTS" id="CONTENTS"></a>Contents. (<a href="#Phrenology">skip</a>)</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#PREFACE">Preface.</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Phrenology">Phrenology.</a>
+  <ul>
+    <li><a href="#health">The State of the Health.</a></li>
+    <li><a href="#quality">Quality.</a></li>
+    <li><a href="#temperament">Temperament.</a>
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="#elec">Electro-magnetic Temperaments.</a></li>
+        <li><a href="#anat">Anatomical Temperaments.</a></li>
+        <li><a href="#chem">Chemical Temperaments.</a></li>
+      </ul>
+    </li>
+  </ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#Choice_of_Professions_and_Trades">Choice of Professions and Trades.</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Matrimony">Matrimony.</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Preface_to_Part_II">Part II. Professional Interviews.</a>
+  <ul>
+    <li><a href="#phys_of_matrimony">Physiognomy of Matrimony.</a></li>
+    <li><a href="#people">Some People You Meet.</a></li>
+    <li><a href="#ancient_skulls">Study in Ancient Skulls.</a></li>
+    <li><a href="#grady">A Phrenological Study.</a></li>
+    <li><a href="#hawes">Was Hawes Insane?</a></li>
+    <li><a href="#living_heads">How Living Heads and Dead Skulls are Measured.</a></li>
+    <li><a href="#crime">Crime and its Causes.</a></li>
+    <li><a href="#anschlag">A Murderer&#8217;s Mentality.</a></li>
+    <li><a href="#politics">Phrenology in Politics.</a></li>
+  </ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#definitions">Definitions of the Faculties of Intelligence.</a></li>
+<li><a href="#exam">The Phrenological Examination.</a>
+  <ul>
+    <li><a href="#examples">Examples of Phrenometrical Measurements.</a></li>
+    <li><a href="#photos">Examinations from Photographs.</a></li>
+  </ul>
+</li>
+<li>Advertisements
+<ul>
+  <li><a href="#THE_GRAND_TABLE_OF_VITOSOPHY">The Grand Table of Vitosophy.</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#EAT_SOME_SAND">Eat Some Sand!</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#lessons">The Vitosophy Club Lessons.</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#solution">&ldquo;The Solution of the
+Problem of Human Life&rdquo;.</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#two">Donohue&#8217;s Hand Book and Manual of Information</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#poultry">There is Money in Poultry</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<h2><span class="num" title="Page 5">&nbsp;</span><a name="p5" id="p5"></a>
+<a name="Phrenology" id="Phrenology"></a><img src="images/phrenology.png" alt="Phrenology." width="469" height="70" /></h2>
+
+
+<p><em>LADIES AND GENTLEMEN</em>:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img class="cap" src="images/i.png" width="25" height="71" alt="I" />
+
+<p class="caplap1"><span class="allc">In presenting</span> the Science of Phrenology to you to-night, I make one
+request, and hope you will grant it as a personal favor to me, that is,
+that you will dismiss from your minds everything that you ever heard
+about Phrenology and listen to my argument with your minds freed from
+the prejudices, favorable or unfavorable, that may have been created by
+other lecturers upon the subject, for this reason: There are, I regret
+to say, in our country, a class of men lecturing upon Phrenology, who
+have never mastered even the rudiments of the science; who have merely
+learned the location and nomenclature of the organs of the brain, and
+who, by flattery and cheap wit, degrade this noble science to the level
+of mere &ldquo;bumpology,&rdquo; until the average good citizen who has never
+investigated the subject has come to look upon the term Phrenologist as
+signifying one who goes about over the country feeling the bumps on the
+heads<span class="num" title="Page 6">&nbsp;</span><a name="p6" id="p6"></a>
+ of those who consult him, looking for hills and hollows,
+depressions and ridges of the cranium, and predicating thereon a
+delineation of character.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>It is my happy privilege to-night to disabuse your minds of this
+conception, and to present Phrenology in its true light, and I bespeak
+from you the thoughtful consideration which an honest man may demand
+from honest thinking men and women in the investigation of a practical
+science.</p>
+
+<p>I am always able to recognize in my audience, three classes of persons.
+I can tell them by their phrenological appearances whenever they are
+before me. The first class is composed of those who have already tested
+phrenology and found it valuable, who have studied the subject and
+appropriated its truths, and before whom I need not argue its utility. I
+shall be able to please the members of my audience who belong to this
+class, and to lead them further in the paths they have already found
+pleasant and profitable. I shall unfold some new truths and add to their
+store of valuable knowledge.</p>
+
+<p>The second class is composed of that large number of intelligent
+persons, in every community, who have not investigated this subject, who
+are willing to approach it in a spirit of candor and honest inquiry,
+anxious to accept anything which is reasonable and good, and equally
+intent upon rejecting that which is fraudulent and evil, and I invite
+the careful criticism of<span class="num" title="Page 7">&nbsp;</span><a name="p7" id="p7"></a>
+ this class; and if, in my exposition of this
+subject, I announce a single proposition which will not bear the closest
+scrutiny; if I say aught which conflicts with common sense or reason,
+nay, if you can find one single natural fact to militate against the
+principles which I announce as fundamental to this science, I will be
+obliged to the gentleman or lady who will raise the question with me,
+and I will either prove my position to the satisfaction of this audience
+or retire from the field forever.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 121px;">
+<img src="images/01idiot.png" width="121" height="138" alt="Profile of a woman with rather shallow head." title="" />
+<p class="caption">Idiot.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The third class, unfortunately, are always with us, but I do not expect
+to convince them. They never were known to be convinced of anything. You
+can easily learn to distinguish an individual of this class by the shape
+of his head. Here is one I carry for illustration. He argues that the
+world is flat and does not revolve on its axis once in 24 hours,
+because, if it did, the water would all be spilled out of the
+Mississippi river. Life is too short to argue with this class, and I can
+only promise them that before I leave this platform they will be in the
+same category that a fellow was once who went to a prayer-meeting
+slightly intoxicated and fell asleep. Toward the close of the meeting
+everybody began to get happy, and the preacher called on everybody who
+wanted to go to Heaven to stand up. Everybody stood up but our
+intoxicated friend, who<span class="num" title="Page 8">&nbsp;</span><a name="p8" id="p8"></a>
+ was awakened by the uprising. Then the preacher
+called on everybody who wanted to go to hell to stand up. Our friend by
+this time comprehended that something was before the house and staggered
+to his feet. He took one look at the preacher standing at the other end
+of the church and said: &ldquo;Parson, (hic) I don&#8217;t know what the question,
+is (hic) before the house, but you and I (hic) are in the smallest
+minority that ever I saw.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>So it is with you, my friends. If you don&#8217;t believe in Phrenology when I
+dismiss you to-night, remember that you are in the minority in this
+audience, and a very small minority at that, composed of unprogressive
+mossbacks and persons of small mental capacity, and if you will call at
+my rooms to-morrow, I&#8217;ll tell you to which of these classes you belong.</p>
+
+<p>In the study of scientific topics it is well in the outset to establish
+definitions. I will, therefore, commence by looking our subject squarely
+in the face, and establishing a concise definition of Phrenology.</p>
+
+<p><strong class="smcap">Phrenology</strong> is the science of intelligence. It is derived from two Greek
+words&mdash;<em lang="el" xml:lang="el">Phren</em> intelligence <em lang="el" xml:lang="el">Logos</em> &ldquo;discourse&rdquo; or science. But before
+we can properly understand this definition we must have a definition of
+the term &ldquo;Science,&rdquo; which is about as often misused as any word I know.</p>
+
+<p><em>Science</em> is classified knowledge. The word itself in its etymology
+signifies what we <em>know</em> about a particular<span class="num" title="Page 9">&nbsp;</span><a name="p9" id="p9"></a>
+ subject. And whenever we
+learn two facts about any subject, and we differentiate and classify
+those two facts, we have a science of that subject. Thus we have the
+science of Astronomy, containing the classified facts that intelligent
+observers have learned concerning the stars. The science of Mathematics,
+a classification of knowledge concerning numbers, and the science of
+Phrenology, which simply means the facts that intelligent observers have
+collected concerning <em style="font-style:normal; letter-spacing:0.2em;">intelligence</em>, classified and reduced to rules
+to serve a practical purpose.</p>
+
+<p>Before I leave this term &ldquo;Science,&rdquo; I wish to draw a distinction between
+a science and an art. The science is the classified knowledge; the art
+is the process of turning that knowledge to practical account. The
+science of Astronomy never discovered a star, the science of Arithmetic
+never computed the value of a fraction. The sciences are merely icebergs
+of cold, hard facts piled up in crystallized principles and rules. Art
+is the warm, living application of these principles and rules to serve
+the needs of mankind. The art of Astronomy, with the assistance of its
+handmaiden, the art of Mathematics, astounds the world with its
+achievements, and holds in one hand the balances with which it weighs
+the sun, and in the other the chain with which it surveys the distance
+to the Pleiades.</p>
+
+<p>So with the Science and Art of Phrenology. The science is as absolute as
+Mathematics. In its principles<span class="num" title="Page 10">&nbsp;</span><a name="p10" id="p10"></a>
+ there are no fallacies. To its rules
+there are absolutely no exceptions. The Art of Phrenology, on the other
+hand, is estimative, and the results of its application will depend on
+the graces, the gifts and the abilities of him who seeks to apply it. As
+we have brilliant astronomers and poor astronomers, as we have correct
+mathematicians and incorrect ones, so we may have phrenologists whose
+discoveries and whose workmanship may command the admiration of the
+world, those whose talents are of the order of mediocrity, and those who
+blunder on all occasions.</p>
+
+<p>You have had Phrenology defined to you as the Science of Intelligence,
+and you naturally ask for a definition of intelligence itself.</p>
+
+<p>Intelligence is the result of the radiation of magnetism from every
+object in the universe. Magnetism is radiated by different bodies in
+different degrees of intensity. Man is provided with seven distinct
+organs of sense, which receive and interpret these radiations. The
+lowest rate of vibration is received and interpreted by the sense of
+gender and the next stage by the sense of touch. Above that we have the
+senses of taste, hearing, sight, smell and clairvoyance. So that the
+human body is in reality a magnetic musical instrument of seven octaves,
+each octave constituting a separate sense and each sense subdivided into
+seven degrees. The radiation of magnetism from exterior objects strikes
+the human body in these different degrees of vibration and it is the
+ability of<span class="num" title="Page 11">&nbsp;</span><a name="p11" id="p11"></a>
+ the body to receive these vibrations and of the brain to
+analyze them, which constitutes the intelligence of the individual. The
+absence of any organ of sense or the absence of any part of the brain
+needed in its analysis is accompanied by the corresponding absence or
+diminution of intelligence. Reasoning therefor from these premises it
+follows that by inspection of the organization of an individual and by
+careful examination of his organs of sense and brain capacity we are
+able to determine how much intelligence he possesses and in what
+direction it will be projected.</p>
+
+<p>When we study its development and its deterioration, its faculties and
+their manifestation, we amass a glittering pile of brilliant facts; we
+classify those facts, reduce them to rules to serve the needs of the
+human race, and we have the science of Phrenology; and when we apply
+those rules in the practical delineation of character, we have the Art.</p>
+
+<p>In regard to Phrenology being an exact science, I have shown you that
+the distinction must be drawn between the principles of the science and
+the results of their estimative application. The principles of the
+science are absolute. In his application of them the examiner is
+hampered by the frailties and fallibilities of the human intellect, just
+to the same extent that the skilled surgeon or the bright astronomer is
+subject to the same drawbacks. Would any sensible man decline the
+services of a skilled surgeon in the<span class="num" title="Page 12">&nbsp;</span><a name="p12" id="p12"></a>
+ hour of need, because surgeons
+differ in judgment, or, in some cases, make mistakes. Astronomy is
+regarded as a wonderfully exact science because an eclipse can be
+computed one hundred years in advance to the fraction of a second, yet
+astronomers differ in regard to the distance of the sun from the earth
+to the trifling extent of six million miles. Shall we therefore reject
+astronomy?</p>
+
+<p>Phrenology is not a fully-developed science. I am glad it is not. I
+would regret it if a bar should be set to the acquisition of knowledge
+upon this subject. As long as human intelligence advances, as long as
+the race improves, as long as men have eyes to see and intellects to
+comprehend scientific facts, Phrenology will advance. But when you ask
+me whether Phrenology is sufficiently developed to be of practical value
+to mankind in its application; when you ask me to compare its
+development with that of any other science, I answer unhesitatingly that
+Phrenology is the queen regnant of all sciences, of greater value to the
+human race than all other sciences combined, because it is the science
+of humanity itself. Greater than Astronomy because humanity is worth
+more than all the stars that scintillate in the heavens. Greater than
+Mathematics, because humanity is better than numbers. Greater than
+Geology and Zoology, as humanity is above the rocks and animals. Greater
+than Theology, because it teaches man to know himself, instead of<span class="num" title="Page 13">&nbsp;</span><a name="p13" id="p13"></a>
+
+presumptively speculating upon gods and dogmas. Greater than all
+combined because Phrenology bears upon her resplendent crown the jewels
+of knowledge, virtue, morality, culture, temperance, wealth and
+progress, and is pregnant with possibilities of good, beyond the present
+comprehension of the human imagination.</p>
+
+<p>And when you ask me if Phrenology is developed in the number of
+practical facts at her command, I answer, that for every principle and
+rule of Mathematics that are serviceable, I will give you two in
+Phrenology. For every discovery in Geology, I will give you four in the
+domain of the mind. For every fact in Zoology, Entomology or Botany that
+has been of value, I will give you six in the science of humanity. Then
+you may begin to comprehend the appeal which Phrenology makes to-night
+to your selfish interests.</p>
+
+<p>I wish now to draw a distinction between <em>Phrenology</em> and <em>Physiognomy</em>,
+because I don&#8217;t believe I ever went into any community to lecture in my
+life, that I did not hear some old fossil say that he believed in the
+science of Physiognomy, but he didn&#8217;t take much stock in Phrenology. Now
+I beseech you, as friends of mine (and after I have lectured to an
+audience for twenty minutes I always feel that I have so many friends in
+it that I am personally interested in the welfare of each one) that if
+you have ever made that remark, you will not expose your ignorance of
+scientific terms in that way again. I&#8217;ll excuse you for what you have
+done<span class="num" title="Page 14">&nbsp;</span><a name="p14" id="p14"></a>
+ heretofore, but if you make that remark after hearing my lectures,
+I shall feel ashamed of you, just as I always feel humiliated when any
+friend of mine makes a fool of himself.</p>
+
+<p><strong class="smcap">Physiognomy</strong> is the science of external appearances. The etymology of the
+word signifies the knowledge of nature derived from examination or
+observation. We may speak of the physiognomy of a landscape, of a
+country, a state, a continent, or an individual, and by that we mean the
+external appearance, that which conveys a knowledge of the character of
+the object to the eye. We judge the character of the thing by its
+appearances; and in the relation which Physiognomy bears to
+character-reading, we judge the character of the man by the external
+appearances. We study the size and form of the body, its color, its
+texture, its temperament, the expression of the face and the contour of
+the head, all of which are physiognomical. We draw certain conclusions
+from this inspection of the physiognomical signs, and these conclusions
+are phrenological, for every variation of color, form or size indicates
+a corresponding variation in a particular kind or intelligence possessed
+by the individual. Physiognomy, therefore, is the grand channel through
+which we draw our phrenological conclusions, and in this relation
+physiognomy forms a part of the grand science of Phrenology,<span class="num" title="Page 15">&nbsp;</span><a name="p15" id="p15"></a>
+
+inseparable from it, and bearing about the same relation to it that
+addition does to arithmetic.</p>
+
+<p>There are those who advertise themselves as delineators of character,
+under the term Physiognomists. I believe that such persons do so because
+they lack the ability and learning to comprehend Phrenology, and are
+unable to combat the prejudices of the ignorant. I have never seen a
+so-called &ldquo;Physiognomist&rdquo; who was not an empirical mountebank of the
+purest stamp, and who did not trim his sails to pander to the silly
+sentiment which I have just exposed. The delineations of such persons
+are worse than valueless, because they are pure guess-work. They pursue
+a shadow while they reject the substance.</p>
+
+<p>Having thus established our definitions, we may proceed to state the
+principles of Phrenology. And I believe that I can best do so by taking
+you through the successive steps of a phrenological examination, and by
+thus practicing the art, illustrate the science.</p>
+
+<p>In forming an estimate of the character of any person, the practical
+phrenologist proceeds upon the following physiological postulates, which
+I shall not stop to demonstrate, because they may be regarded as
+established facts upon which all physiological authorities are agreed,
+viz:</p>
+
+<p>1. The brain is the keyboard of the body and the central seat of
+intelligence.</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 16">&nbsp;</span><a name="p16" id="p16"></a>
+2. The power of the brain depends upon the anatomical and
+physiological condition of the body which supports it.</p>
+
+<p>3. The character of any object depends upon its physical
+attributes, viz: Size, weight, color, form, texture, density,
+etc. </p>
+
+<p>In applying these postulates to a delineation of character before we
+pass to an examination of the brain itself, we must notice three great
+modifying conditions. Without taking these modifying conditions into
+account, a correct estimate of brain-power is impossible. And it is
+because these modifying conditions have been ignored by many professed
+teachers of Phrenology, and but poorly expressed by others who did
+recognize them, that many eminent physiologists have condemned
+phrenology hastily, as having no sound basis in physiology. The
+exponents of Phrenology are themselves to blame for this. They have been
+too content to rest under the imputation of feeling heads for bumps.
+They have not been sufficiently versed, in many instances, in
+physiological science to dare to debate the ground with high
+authorities. I challenge the world to bring one single natural fact to
+militate against the principles here announced. I will debate the
+question with any skilled medical, legal or clerical authority, and I
+claim, without fear of contradiction, that the world does not hold a
+head whose character will differ from that which Phrenology ascribes to
+it,<span class="num" title="Page 17">&nbsp;</span><a name="p17" id="p17"></a>
+ when the developments of the brain are measured in the light of
+these modifying conditions.</p>
+
+<p>When I was lecturing in Indiana in 1885, <abbr title="Governor">Gov.</abbr> Will Cumback of that
+state, propounded this question:</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Professor, what would you do if you found a man whose head, in the
+light of Phrenological principles, showed a certain character, and you
+found on intimate acquaintance and positive proof that he, in fact,
+possessed a character radically different.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;My dear Governor,&rdquo; I replied, &ldquo;I would wait until the sun rose in the
+west, and then watch to see what you would do and follow suit. Such men
+do not exist, they never have existed, and they never will exist until
+the order of nature is reversed.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>These three great modifying conditions which must be taken into
+consideration before we estimate the brain itself, are as follows:</p>
+
+<p>1st. The State of the Health.</p>
+<p>2nd. The Quality of the Organization.</p>
+<p>3rd. The Temperament of the Constitution.</p>
+
+<p>And we will consider them in the order named, therefore first,</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="health" id="health"></a>THE STATE OF THE HEALTH.</h3>
+
+<p>It is a great fact in the constitution of man, that whatever affects the
+body, affects the manifestations of intelligence, and conversely,
+whatever affects intelligence affects the body. The body is the harp of
+a<span class="num" title="Page 18">&nbsp;</span><a name="p18" id="p18"></a>
+ thousand strings, manifesting its intelligence by different degrees
+of vibration. If either the musician or his instrument is out of order,
+the music will be discordant. It is not necessary for me to argue that a
+man must be in perfect health to exhibit perfect mentality. But as
+perfect health is the exception and not the rule, we rarely find
+mentality even approximating perfection. We are obliged, in our estimate
+of the character of men, to allow for various bodily infirmities, in a
+word, for the eccentricities of disease. These diseases may be inherited
+or acquired since birth; they may be acute or chronic in their stages;
+they may be mild or malignant in type; they may produce long, continued
+illness, terminating in death, or they may be only what we call a
+temporary indisposition, like that of the country boy, who went to
+Boston for the first time to see the sights. As he wandered around he
+became hungry, and, entering a restaurant began to experiment with
+strange dishes. He ate first a porterhouse steak, then some fried
+oysters, then a lobster salad, a lot of pickles, ice cream, cake and
+bologna sausage, drank a bottle of champagne and retired to his
+lodgings, and dreamed that he was lying on Boston Common, and that the
+devil was sitting on his stomach, holding Bunker Hill monument in his
+lap.</p>
+
+<p>If you eat an indigestible meal, you are unable to perform good
+brain-work after it. If you feed the body<span class="num" title="Page 19">&nbsp;</span><a name="p19" id="p19"></a>
+ on material that will not
+nourish it, the brain refuses to work. If you are in the clutches of
+disease, we cannot expect of you a high measure of brain-power; in other
+words, the manifestations of the mind are weakened by the disorder of
+its instrument, the body.</p>
+
+<p>The phrenologist, therefore, who essays to read your character, must be
+able to trace the signs of disease in your appearance. He must needs be
+an expert Physiologist and Anatomist. He must understand Pathology. He
+must have the diagnosing skill to detect disease and allow for it in his
+estimate of your mentality, or his delineation is worth less than
+nothing; nay, more, he may do you a positive damage, by advising you to
+adopt a course of life which would be disastrous to your constitution.
+He must be able to do all this and do it rapidly and with precision.
+Never trust yourself under the hands of a professed phrenologist unless
+you are confident of his skill in estimating and diagnosing your
+physical condition.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="quality" id="quality"></a>QUALITY.</h3>
+
+<p>The second step in a phrenological examination is the determination of
+the quality of the organization. Perhaps there is no branch of the
+science of phrenology which has received such crude treatment at the
+hands of phrenological writers as this subject of organic quality. Many
+use the term interchangeably<span class="num" title="Page 20">&nbsp;</span><a name="p20" id="p20"></a>
+ with temperament, some confound it with
+temperament and hereditary disposition, others recognize it as a
+distinct modifying condition; but I know of no writer, except myself,
+who has yet attempted a classification of the subject, or who has dared
+to recognize its importance as a modifying condition of character.</p>
+
+<p>Quality is the texture of organization, and in this respect must be
+regarded entirely independently of temperament. The latter is conceded
+to depend upon the preponderance or relative energy of some part of the
+system, anatomically or pathologically; but each of the conditions
+denominated as temperaments may exist, with widely different
+manifestations of the peculiar conditions we describe as quality, with a
+corresponding modification of the character of the subject in each case.
+Hence the necessity of a rational classification, based upon the
+independent observation of these modifications of quality as a distinct
+subject, in order to apply it as a distinct step in a phrenological
+examination.</p>
+
+<p>The trees of the forest present distinct variations of quality,
+depending on the texture of the wood. The hickory is hard, the ash is
+brittle, the pine is soft, etc. An examination of the texture of the
+human organization will disclose variations, different, it is true, but
+some times strikingly analogous, and no less important in determining
+the fitness of the individual for particular purposes.</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 21">&nbsp;</span><a name="p21" id="p21"></a>
+We determine quality by a critical inspection of the general contour of
+the body, its relative size, the adaptation of its parts to each other,
+the color and grain of the skin, the relative harmony of the features,
+the relative brightness of the eyes, the color and texture of the hair,
+the movements of the body, the tone of the voice, and the rapidity of
+mental process. To determine quality accurately may sometimes require a
+series of experiments on the individual, and the success of the examiner
+will of course depend on his own acuteness of perception and judgment.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 268px;">
+<img src="images/02langrishe.png" width="268" height="351" alt="" title="" />
+<p class="caption">Jack Langrishe.&mdash;Quality Strong.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Quality is, (1) Strong; (2) Delicate; (3) Responsive. And conversely,
+(1) Weak; (2) Coarse; (3) Sluggish, and in proportion as these elements
+unite to form an efficient and powerful organization, we may speak of
+the quality as<span class="num" title="Page 22">&nbsp;</span><a name="p22" id="p22"></a>
+ &ldquo;high,&rdquo; or as we find them wanting, we may call the
+quality &ldquo;low.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p><em>Strong Quality</em> is exhibited by an organization harmoniously
+constructed, full size, compact and firm. The limbs, trunk and head are
+generally well formed, the muscles firm, the walk steady, the carriage
+erect, and the movements generally graceful, but all indicating power.
+The features of the face are strongly marked and prominent, the lines
+well marked and the entire structure is definite and established. A hair
+from the head of such an individual will be harder to break than another
+from an organization of different quality. It will also be harder to
+pull from the scalp. The grasp of the hand is steady and firm,
+indicating muscular power. The eyesight is good and the eye steady and
+clear, well formed and powerful in range of vision. If the perceptives
+are large it will be penetrating. The skin is firm to the touch, though
+the grain may be either fine or coarse. The entire organization is built
+upon the principle of strength, but the direction in which this strength
+will be applied will depend upon the temperamental conditions. With the
+mental temperament well developed, a strong mind will be manifested;
+with the vital and motive temperaments, strong physical and muscular
+functions. The relative absence of this quality will be marked by
+corresponding weakness, and although we may have a pronounced mental
+temperament, the individual<span class="num" title="Page 23">&nbsp;</span><a name="p23" id="p23"></a>
+ will exhibit but little mental strength,
+and with a pronounced motive temperament he will be incapable of strong
+muscular action.</p>
+
+<p><em>Delicate Quality</em> is denoted by delicacy and refinement of
+structure. It may or may not be co-existent with strength.</p>
+
+<p>The strands of silk thread are fine and delicate, but also very strong.
+Other substances are refined and delicate, but possess little of the
+element of strength.</p>
+
+<p>Delicate quality in the human organization is accompanied by
+corresponding manifestations. The texture of the skin is close grained,
+delicate and soft. The hair is fine; the eye is clear and bright, the
+features smooth and very harmonious. The mental processes are brilliant,
+facile, rapid; their depth and power, however, depending upon the
+combination of the element of strength with delicacy. Persons possessing
+delicate quality are very acute.</p>
+
+<p>Such persons are able to appreciate nice shades of thought and to
+cultivate the graces in an eminent degree. They are adapted to pursuits
+requiring delicacy of the senses and acute perception, such as music,
+painting, manufacturing of delicate articles, etc. In literature they
+display refined taste, and the head is symmetrical and generally well
+developed. Those who are low in delicacy lack refinement and grace and
+should carefully cultivate these qualities.</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 24">&nbsp;</span><a name="p24" id="p24"></a>
+The relative absence of this element entirely or proportionately unfits
+the individual for these mental processes requiring delicacy and
+acuteness. He may possess a well-balanced organization as to temperament
+and cerebral development, but without the element of delicate quality he
+will be utterly incapable of those mental processes requiring delicate
+shades of thought.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 271px;">
+<img src="images/03russell.png" width="271" height="381" alt="" title="" />
+<p class="caption">Sol Smith Russell&mdash;Quality Responsive.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The individual who unites the elements of strong and delicate quality
+will exhibit both power and fineness. He will be able to display more
+versatility of talent than the individual possessing the element of
+strength or delicacy alone. Those persons who have displayed great
+intelligence coupled with brilliancy, have uniformly united both
+of these elements.</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 25">&nbsp;</span><a name="p25" id="p25"></a>
+The element of <em>Responsiveness</em> depends upon a certain sensitiveness of
+texture, resembling the resonance of a well tuned musical instrument,
+and a certain harmonious adjustment of parts which renders the
+individual capable of receiving a mental impression promptly and
+responding to its action. Persons possessing this quality have such
+delicate sympathy of the entire organization that the mental processes
+are exceedingly rapid, and the physical manifestations are equally
+prompt. The movements of the body are quick, the brain is active, the
+eye bright, intelligent and keen sighted, the expression of the face
+vivacious, the voice musical, the speech rapid, and the individual often
+anticipates the thought of those with whom he converses; if you hesitate
+on a word he will instantly supply it. Such persons are keenly sensitive
+to surrounding circumstances, easily impressed, and the entire
+organization seems to vibrate in unison with the impressions made upon
+it. It is not uncommon to find this condition mistaken by observers for
+the nervous temperament of the pathological classification. The true
+distinction lies in the fact that the latter is a diseased condition,
+resulting in a super-sensitiveness of the nervous system, while
+responsive quality exists in perfect health, and is a perfectly normal
+condition of a character frequently resulting in great advantage to the
+individual, and absolutely essential in many vocations. It is
+indispensable to the<span class="num" title="Page 26">&nbsp;</span><a name="p26" id="p26"></a>
+ musician, the artist, the poet, etc., and I depend
+upon it in estimating the capacity of my subjects for various
+professions and trades, especially those involving the fine arts,
+literature, and many of the departments of merchandising.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 268px;">
+<img src="images/04janauschek.png" width="268" height="369" alt="" title="" />
+<p class="caption"><abbr title="Madame">Mme.</abbr> Janauschek.<br />Quality Strong and Responsive.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The absence of this responsive element is marked by a general
+sluggishness of all the mental and physical processes. The movements of
+the body are slow, and the brain, while it may be capable of strong
+thought, is correspondingly slow in action. The individual does not
+yield readily to the strongest impressions, and his conversation will be
+slow, frequently tedious. Such individuals are incapable of doing
+anything in a hurry, and when urged by others frequently become
+confused. Left to their own methods, with<span class="num" title="Page 27">&nbsp;</span><a name="p27" id="p27"></a>
+ plenty of time, they are
+frequently capable of displaying great strength and delicacy of quality,
+both in physical and mental manifestations.</p>
+
+<p>The intelligent reader will readily comprehend that the best
+organization is that in which the elements of strength, delicacy and
+responsiveness are harmoniously blended.</p>
+
+<p>The relative <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber&#8217;s note: Original read &lsquo;predominence&rsquo;.">predominance</ins> of each element will in all cases decide
+the particular class of purposes, vocations, professions or other
+pursuits to which the subject is best adapted, other things being equal.
+Quality results from a variety of causes. Like all other personal
+peculiarities, it is, to a certain extent, hereditary. Children are, to
+a greater or less extent, certain to inherit the quality of their
+parents and immediate ancestors. But the inherited quality of offspring
+is subject to great modifications. It is definitely established that the
+temporary condition of mind and body of the parents at the moment of
+conception, materially affects the permanent quality of the offspring.
+Thus it is possible for parents to transmit to children a much better or
+much worse permanent condition of quality than they themselves possess.
+Observation also justifies the belief that children born of loving and
+affectionate parents surpass in quality those born of incompatible
+natures. The occupation and surroundings of the parents at the time of
+conception, and particularly the influences brought to bear<span class="num" title="Page 28">&nbsp;</span><a name="p28" id="p28"></a>
+ upon the
+mother while the offspring is <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">in utero</i>, produce a lasting effect upon
+the quality of the latter. Science has long since demonstrated the fact
+that every part of the human organization is susceptible to educational
+development. Quality, like every other modifying condition, is
+susceptible to development in either direction, and the success
+attending an effort to develop either strength, delicacy or
+responsiveness of quality in any given individual, will in all cases be
+commensurate with the intelligence and vigor of the efforts expended to
+that end.</p>
+
+<p>The study of quality being thus understood, I introduce you now to the
+most beautiful study in the curriculum of human science, the third step
+in the phrenological estimate of character, viz.:</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="temperament" id="temperament"></a>TEMPERAMENT.</h3>
+
+<p>By the term Temperament, is meant the preponderance in development of
+some element or system of organs in the body, to such an extent as to
+give to the character a distinctive recognizable type, a temper or
+disposition resulting from the predominance of some one element in the
+character which modifies and gives tone to all the rest, resulting from
+its superior development. As a matter of fact, there are as many
+different temperaments as there are individuals, no two individuals
+having the same constitution; but science<span class="num" title="Page 29">&nbsp;</span><a name="p29" id="p29"></a>
+ classifies them under
+distinctive heads, as their developments are approximately the same, or
+as their developments are in the same general direction, regardless of
+exact degrees.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name="elec" id="elec"></a>ELECTRO-MAGNETIC TEMPERAMENTS.</h4>
+
+<p><strong class="smcap">The Electric Temperament</strong> exists when electricity dominates over
+magnetism in the organization. Its characteristics are Gravity,
+Receptivity, Darkness, and Coldness. This temperament was formerly
+called the Bilious or Brunette Temperament. It is distinguished by dark,
+hard, dry skin, dark, strong hair, dark eyes, olive complexion, and
+usually by a long, athletic form of body. It is remarkable for
+concentrativeness of design and affections, strong gravity, drawing
+power and cohesiveness, strong will, resolution, dignity, serious
+disposition and expression; moderate circulation and coolness of
+temperature. It is produced by a dry, hot climate, common in southern
+latitudes and almost universal in tropical natives. Persons of this
+temperament are better<span class="num" title="Page 30">&nbsp;</span><a name="p30" id="p30"></a>
+ adapted to hot climates because electricity
+dominates over magnetism, and they do not antagonize the climate by the
+radiation of magnetism, but rather thrive on the magnetism which they
+absorb. This temperament is closely analogous to the condition of
+tropical animals and birds.</p>
+
+<p><strong class="smcap">The Magnetic <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber&#8217;s note: Original read &lsquo;Tenperament&rsquo;.">Temperament</ins></strong> exists when magnetism dominates over
+electricity in the organization. Its characteristics are Vibration,
+Radiation, Heat, and Light. This temperament was formerly called the
+Sanguine or Blonde Temperament. It is distinguished by a light colored,
+warm, moist skin, light colored or red hair, fresh ruddy or florid
+complexion, light colored or blue eyes, rounded form of body, often
+plump or corpulent, large chest, square shoulders, indicating a very
+active heart and vital organs. It is remarkable for versatility of
+character, jovial disposition, fond of good living and great variety,
+changeableness, activity, and vivaciousness. The temperature of the body
+is warm and the circulation very strong. This temperament vibrates
+between great extremes of disposition, develops great force of radiation
+and driving power, and is universally characterized by warmth,
+enthusiasm, and high color. It is produced by the climates of northern
+and temperate latitudes, and is almost universal in the natives of
+extreme northern countries. Persons of this temperament are better
+adapted to cold climates, because magnetism dominates over electricity,
+consequently they produce more animal heat, and are better able to<span class="num" title="Page 31">&nbsp;</span><a name="p31" id="p31"></a>
+
+endure the rigors of a cold climate. The same general conditions are
+found to exist in birds and animals inhabiting northern latitudes.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name="anat" id="anat"></a>ANATOMICAL TEMPERAMENTS.</h4>
+
+<p>The Temperaments are also classed anatomically as:</p>
+
+<p><strong class="smcap">Motive</strong>, where the bones are large and strong and the muscular
+development is stronger than the nutritive or mental system. Persons of
+this temperament are active, energetic, and best adapted to out-door
+pursuits and vigorous employment.</p>
+
+<p><strong class="smcap">Vital</strong>, in which the nutritive or vital system is most active, large
+lungs, stomach and blood vessels, and corpulent and plump figure.
+Persons possessing temperament are inclined to sedentary occupations,
+and if the brain is large and of good quality, are able to do an immense
+<ins class="corr" title="Transcriber&#8217;s note: Original read &lsquo;amout&rsquo;.">amount</ins> of mental labor without breaking down. They should take
+systematic exercise and avoid fats and stimulating foods and drinks to
+obtain the best results.</p>
+
+<p><strong class="smcap">Mental</strong>, in which the brain and nerves are most<span class="num" title="Page 32">&nbsp;</span><a name="p32" id="p32"></a>
+ active. The body is not
+adapted to hard muscular labor, and there is not enough vitality of
+nutritive power to nourish the brain in the heavy demands made upon it.
+Such persons incline to mental effort and literary work, and for a time
+display great brilliancy, but sooner or later collapse, unless this
+condition is corrected, by regular hours, plenty of sleep, the absence
+of stimulants and the cultivation of muscular and vital force. This
+temperament is distinguished by a relatively large head and small body,
+pyriform face, high, wide <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber&#8217;s note: Original read &lsquo;forhead&rsquo;.">forehead</ins>, and usually sharp features.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name="chem" id="chem"></a>CHEMICAL TEMPERAMENTS.</h4>
+
+<p>There are three principal fluids which circulate through the body, viz.,
+arterial blood, <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber&#8217;s note: Original read &lsquo;venus&rsquo;.">venous</ins> blood, and lymph. As the blood passes out
+from the heart through the arteries it is strongly charged with
+magnetism and is very strongly acid in quality. As it returns to the
+heart through the veins it has expended its magnetism and its acidity
+has been very much neutralized. The lymph is an alkali fluid, and it
+circulates through the lymphatic vessels as a reserve<span class="num" title="Page 33">&nbsp;</span><a name="p33" id="p33"></a>
+ force of vital
+food. The predominance of either of these fluids in the constitution
+greatly modifies the character and gives rise to the classification of
+the chemical temperaments. As every cell in the body comes in contact
+with an acid and an alkali fluid, we may, by estimating the relative
+quantities of each fluid, arrive at a very accurate judgment of the
+chemical condition of the body, and these elements are also valuable in
+estimating the amount of magnetism that will be produced by the
+organization through chemical action, as every cell by its contact with
+these fluids is constituted a magnetic battery.</p>
+
+<p><strong class="smcap">The Acid Temperament</strong> exists where arterial blood predominates. It is
+distinguished by convexity of features and sharpness of angles. The face
+is usually round in general outline and convex in profile, the forehead
+prominent at the eyebrows and retreating as it rises, the nose Roman,
+the mouth prominent, the teeth convex in form and arrangement and sharp,
+the chin round and sometimes retreating. The body is angular and
+generally convex in outline, with sharpness at all angles. This
+temperament is usually accompanied with great activity of mind and
+vivaciousness of disposition, and sometimes develops great energy and
+asperity. It is very likely to exhaust itself prematurely.</p>
+
+<p><strong class="smcap">The Alkali Temperament</strong> exists where lymph is in excess over arterial
+blood. It is distinguished by concavity of features and obliquity of
+angles, or rather the absence of angles. The face is usually<span class="num" title="Page 34">&nbsp;</span><a name="p34" id="p34"></a>
+ broad in
+general outline, and concave in profile, the forehead prominent and wide
+at the upper part, and medium in development at the eyebrows, the nose
+concave, the mouth retreating, the teeth flat in form and arrangement,
+the chin concave and prominent at the point. The body is round and
+inclined to corpulency, without angles. This temperament is usually well
+stocked with vitality, but unless actively employed is likely to become
+dull and overloaded with adipose tissue and lymph.</p>
+
+<p>From the foregoing observations it is evident that the temperaments
+combine in each individual according to whichever temperament is found
+to predominate in these three divisions. Thus one man will have an
+electric-motive-acid temperament, another a magnetic-mental-acid
+temperament, another a magnetic-vital-alkali, and so on through all the
+combinations which can be made from the seven elementary temperaments.
+This blending when finally estimated constitutes the temperament of the
+individual. The ideal condition would, of course, be a perfect
+equilibrium of the elements of each division, in which case the
+individual would be said to have a perfectly balanced temperament.</p>
+
+<p><strong class="smcap">Electricity</strong> is the genitive passion of Space. It is manifested by the
+states of gravity, receptivity, coldness, and darkness.</p>
+
+<p><strong class="smcap">Magnetism</strong> is the genitive passion of Matter. It is manifested by the
+states of vibration, radiation, heat, and light.</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 35">&nbsp;</span><a name="p35" id="p35"></a>
+The eternal affinities which exist between these conditions produce all
+the phenomena of <em>Growth</em>.</p>
+
+<p><strong class="smcap">Growth</strong> is the change which takes place in a structure in obedience to
+the law of conformity to the changes which take place in its
+environment.</p>
+
+<p>Man is the most complex organism known to this planet. He stands at the
+end of a long line of development, extending from the simplest form of
+mineral, through the vegetable and animal kingdoms, to his own position
+in the cosmos, and embracing and including in his own structure a
+representation of every form below him. But when this exceedingly
+complex structure is analyzed it is found to consist wholly of
+combinations of the simpler forms which existed before him.</p>
+
+<p>In the light of a rational philosophy, therefore, we are forced to
+consider man as a creature of growth and subject to exactly the same
+natural laws as the objects which surround him. Any attempt to regard
+him as an exception results in the calamities which must always attend
+presumption and ignorance.</p>
+
+<p>The well balanced temperament, the <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">temperamentum temperatum</i>, of the
+ancients is an ideal condition in which there is in fact no temperament,
+all the organs of the body being perfectly in harmony, and exhibiting no
+preponderance of one over the other. Many persons approximate this
+condition, but it is difficult to find one in which it is so nearly
+attained as to make the proper classification of his temperament under
+the above heads a difficult matter. However<span class="num" title="Page 36">&nbsp;</span><a name="p36" id="p36"></a>
+ desirable such a condition
+may be from a purely physiological standpoint, the fact remains that all
+great and powerful natures, the men who have been the leaders in the
+battles of literature, art, science and war itself, have had well
+defined and pronounced temperamental conditions of organization.</p>
+
+<p>We have now fully demonstrated that in his scientific delineation of
+character the professional phrenologist depends upon something more than
+mere configuration of skull. The great modifying conditions of health,
+quality and temperament in every case give us the foundation of the
+character. It will be seen, some medical authorities to the contrary,
+notwithstanding, that the science of Phrenology has a firm basis on the
+established principles and known facts of Physiology and Anatomy.
+Bearing these facts in mind we will now proceed to the discussion of the
+scientific principles governing the phrenological examination of</p>
+
+<p><strong class="smcap">Size and Configuration of Brain</strong>, or the theory of the localization in
+different organs of the brain of the corresponding faculties of the
+mind.</p>
+
+<p><strong class="smcap">The Brain</strong> is the key-board of the body. It is an error to claim that it
+is the exclusive organ of intelligence. The brain performs substantially
+the same function for the body which the key-board does for the piano,
+or which the central office of the telephone system performs for its
+various subscribers.</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 37">&nbsp;</span><a name="p37" id="p37"></a>
+Magnetism received from the exterior of the body is transmitted to the
+brain where it produces a result. This result in turn is transmitted to
+various portions of the body. Properly, therefore, intelligence is
+distributed over the entire body and the amount of intelligence which
+any individual possesses will be found to be in exact proportion to the
+size and quality of his body and the perfect adaptation, co&ouml;peration and
+adjustment of its parts.</p>
+
+<p>The brain is an oval mass of soft tissue which completely fills the
+internal cavity of the skull. It is composed of two substances, a white
+fibrous substance which forms the internal portion and a gray, cortical
+tissue which forms the external layer. This gray substance lies in folds
+or convolutions, the furrows or sulci, dipping deeply into the interior
+of the brain.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 135px;">
+<img src="images/05brain.png" width="135" height="131" alt="" title="" />
+<p class="caption">Brain with Skull Removed.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>It is found by dissection that the brain of an intellectual man exhibits
+a larger number of convolutions than one of small intellectual calibre,
+and that the convolutions are deeper and the layer of gray substance
+thicker, and in consequence of the increase in number and depth of
+convolutions there is a wider expanse of surface as well, for the
+distribution of gray<span class="num" title="Page 38">&nbsp;</span><a name="p38" id="p38"></a>
+ matter. Hence the relative proportion of gray
+matter in different brains has come to be regarded by physiologists as a
+test of mental power. Many idiots have large and well formed brains but
+the convolutions are shallow and few and the gray matter small in
+quantity and extent of surface. Physicians often ask me how I can
+estimate the relative quantity of gray matter in a living head without
+cutting into it. I refer them to the study of quality and temperament
+which I have clearly expounded in this lecture. Do you ever find hickory
+leaves growing on a pine tree? Show me the bark of a tree and I&#8217;ll tell
+you the quality of the wood within; show me the skin, the hair, the eyes
+of a man and I&#8217;ll tell you the quality of every organ in his body as
+well as the quality of the brain. I recently astonished the
+superintendent of an insane asylum by pointing out to him that the
+quality of the hair, the eyes and the skin of idiots was essentially
+different from the quality of those of more highly endowed persons, and
+could be told in the dark by a person of educated sensibilities. The
+quality and texture of the brain being determined, the next step is the
+consideration of its size.</p>
+
+<p>Other things being equal in all natural objects, size is the measure of
+power. By the term &ldquo;other things&rdquo; in relation to the brain, we mean
+temperament, quality and health. This simple principle explains why a
+great many people who carry large heads are<span class="num" title="Page 39">&nbsp;</span><a name="p39" id="p39"></a>
+ endowed with but little
+intellectual power. Their heads are filled with &ldquo;sawdust,&rdquo; in other
+words, a brain of poor quality, supported by a feeble body, or vitiated
+by excessive temperamental conditions.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 116px;">
+<img src="images/06smallhead.png" width="116" height="149" alt="" title="" />
+<p class="caption">Small Head.<br />
+Brilliant in Observation, Deficient in Reflection.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Men who carry small and misshapen heads are often brilliant in certain
+directions, and this limited brilliancy in special lines causes them to
+be spoken of by superficial observers as men of great ability and
+apparent exceptions to the phrenological rule. The fact remains,
+however, that in no case is comprehensive greatness ever exhibited in a
+head of small dimensions.</p>
+
+<p>Large size of brain, accompanied with robust health, high quality and
+good temperamental conditions, gives the highest phase of powerful
+mentality and comprehensive greatness. Small size of brain, with poor
+health, low quality and erratic temperamental conditions gives the
+lowest form of mentality and constitutional inferiority. Between these
+two extremes we may find every conceivable modification and form of
+human character according to the various combinations of normal and
+abnormal conditions.</p>
+
+<p>Size of brain then is a measure of power when judged by an enlightened
+understanding of physiological, anatomical and pathological conditions.
+The phrenologist goes one step farther and asserts that<span class="num" title="Page 40">&nbsp;</span><a name="p40" id="p40"></a>
+ size of brain
+in any particular region, judged by the same standards of comparison, is
+an indication of local power.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 129px;">
+<img src="images/07criminal.png" width="129" height="138" alt="Unshaven man with rather flattened head." title="" />
+<p class="caption">Criminal.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Every portion of the body is created for a specific function. You never
+see with your ears, you do not taste with your eyes, you do not walk
+with your teeth. There is no waste in nature. Every part has its special
+duty to perform. The part of the brain which lies in front of the ears
+has a different function from that which lies behind them. The parietal
+lobes of the brain are not placed in the skull for the same purposes
+which the frontal and occipital lobes represent. Every fibre has its
+function, every convolution its purpose. All that remains for us to do
+is to compare known forms of heads and note the coincidence of character
+exhibited by similar developments and the divergences of character
+accompanying diverse developments. In the past century these
+observations have been sufficiently successful to locate the general
+functions of the external portions of the brain which are situated so
+that observation and comparison are possible. Forty-two general organs
+are now located with definite certainty, and these have been subdivided
+with sufficient accuracy so that there are over one hundred<span class="num" title="Page 41">&nbsp;</span><a name="p41" id="p41"></a>
+ localized
+centres of cerebral development which can be accurately measured and
+their mental power determined to the advantage of the individual and the
+benefit of society at large.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 134px;">
+<img src="images/08philosopher.png" width="134" height="154" alt="Old man with large head and flowing beard." title="" />
+<p class="caption">Philosopher.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The brain is double. It is divided into two hemispheres by the <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">falx
+cerebri</i>, a partition which follows the middle line of the skull. Each
+hemisphere contains one organ pertaining to each faculty of the mind.
+The size of each organ is estimated, not by feeling for bumps or
+depressions, but by measuring the length of the fibres of the brain from
+their common center in the <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">medulla oblongata</i>, at the head of the
+spinal column, and at a point equi-distant from the ears in the interior
+of the head. From this common centre the fibres of the brain range
+horizontally and upward in all directions like the branches of a tree.
+Development of brain fibre laterally gives a wide head, longitudinally,
+from the <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">medulla oblongata</i> to the forehead and to the occiput, a long
+head. Development upward raises the crown; and I have in my collection
+skulls which show by actual measurement a relative difference of over
+three inches in development of brain fibre to certain localities of
+brain surface. Viewed in the light of these facts and principles as here
+expounded, the phrenological position is established, and the childish
+objections of those who sneer at this beautiful science, fall crumbling
+to the dust. The last great fact to be considered is this:<span class="num" title="Page 42">&nbsp;</span><a name="p42" id="p42"></a>
+ Exercise of
+any portion of the body develops it, enlarges it and adds to its
+strength. Disuse weakens, paralyzes and ultimately destroys. This rule
+applies to all parts of the body, and to the brain more particularly
+because the nervous tissue of which the brain is composed is more
+rapidly used up and renewed than any other portion of the body and hence
+more susceptible to change. Phrenology solves all problems of education
+and enables every individual to develop a symmetrical and well formed
+brain, and with it a harmonious character, by pointing out those
+portions that are deficient and those that are strong, and thus enabling
+him to secure a really well trained mind.</p>
+
+<p>By memorizing the different organs and their functions, particularly
+those in which you are marked as excessive or deficient, and by
+practicing the observation of your daily conduct and learning to analyze
+it phrenologically, <i>i.&nbsp;e.</i>, to note those occasions when deficient
+faculties have failed to act, and when predominating faculties have
+caused you to act hastily or contrary to good judgment, you will soon
+become painfully aware of your true faults, and by a conscientious
+action of reason and exercise of self-control will be able to correct
+them. In the same manner predominating talents may be tested and proved
+and you will rejoice in the birth of new aspirations, hopes and
+impulses, in a word you may be, by means of this science, placed in full
+command of your mental powers and<span class="num" title="Page 43">&nbsp;</span><a name="p43" id="p43"></a>
+ learn to control and direct them as
+the skillful engineer controls and directs his locomotive.</p>
+
+<p>Concede the fact that these differences in form, quality, temperament
+and health mean anything, and all that we claim for Phrenology follows
+logically and as a matter of course. In the light of this demonstration
+of known facts, it follows that character can be read, and if read, then
+it can be assigned to the position of its best usefulness in the
+profession, trade or avocation suitable to the employment of the talents
+demonstrated to exist. If Phrenology gives the index to your character,
+as we have proved it does, then it also forms the key to the solution of
+the problem of matrimony by describing the character which will
+harmonize with yours in congenial companionship, financial success and
+the improvement of offspring. It likewise is a trusty guide in the
+formation of business relations as partners, employers or employees, and
+directs us in the choice of associates, teachers or companions in social
+life. It gives to the anxious parent the knowledge of inherited and
+acquired talents in cherished darlings of the household, and in every
+relation of life; at every moment of existence it is an advantage, a
+comfort, an assistance, a thing of beauty and a joy forever.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 280px;">
+<img src="images/09faculties.png" width="280" height="330"
+alt="A head divided into sections labelled with various emotions (illegible)." title="" />
+<p class="caption">The Phrenological Location of Faculties and Organs of the
+Brain.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In this lecture, ladies and gentlemen, I have demonstrated the theory of
+Phrenology. To-morrow night and on each of the succeeding nights of
+this<span class="num" title="Page 44">&nbsp;</span><a name="p44" id="p44"></a>
+ course, I shall give you practical applications. To-morrow night I
+shall lecture on the &ldquo;Choice of Professions and Trades,&rdquo; illustrating to
+you the qualities that insure success in Law, Medicine, the Ministry,
+Journalism and Teaching, in Manufacturing and the various Mechanical
+Trades, as well as the qualifications for Commercial Life in its various
+departments, wholesale and retail. I shall follow with my celebrated
+lecture on Matrimony, in which I shall expound the principles upon which
+a correct marriage may be consummated, securing amiable association,
+perfect offspring and financial success, after which I shall separate
+the sexes and continue the subject of matrimony in its physiological
+relations, under the head of &ldquo;Sexual and Creative Science.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p style="clear:both; height:0;"><a class="toclink" href="#CONTENTS">&larr;Contents</a>&nbsp;</p>
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2><span class="num" title="Page 45">&nbsp;</span><a name="p45" id="p45"></a>
+<a name="Choice_of_Professions_and_Trades" id="Choice_of_Professions_and_Trades"></a>
+<img src="images/professions.png" alt="Choice of Professions and Trades," width="606" height="42" />
+<br />
+<span style="text-decoration:line-through;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>
+<small>OR</small>
+<span style="text-decoration:line-through;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>
+<br />
+HOW TO BECOME RICH.</h2>
+
+
+<p><strong class="smcap">Ladies and Gentlemen</strong>:</p>
+
+<p>Every young man and woman of reasonable intelligence is, or ought to be,
+possessed of a laudable ambition to be self-sustaining. To win a
+competency, to secure the necessities, to have even the luxuries of
+life, is perfectly praiseworthy, provided they are obtained in a
+legitimate manner. Every rational man seeks the occupation, trade or
+profession which ensures the profitable employment of his best talents,
+and the science which discloses to the youth at the beginning of his
+education what those talents are and how they may be developed to
+perfection in early manhood, and in what profession, trade or occupation
+he will display the greatest ability, confers upon him the greatest
+favor within the gift of knowledge, from a financial standpoint. That
+Phrenology does this, and more, it is the purpose of this lecture to
+show.</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 46">&nbsp;</span><a name="p46" id="p46"></a>
+The world is apt to measure a man&#8217;s success by the amount of money he
+accumulates. That is properly one element of success, but it is not all.
+The real criteria of a man&#8217;s success in business are, 1st, the volume
+and quality of his work; <abbr title="second">2d</abbr>, the compensation he receives for it; and
+<abbr title="third">3d</abbr>, the pleasure he derives from it.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 133px;">
+<img src="images/10pugilist.png" width="133" height="159" alt="" title="" />
+<p class="caption">Pugilist.<br />Illegitimate.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Business is legitimate or illegitimate. A legitimate business
+contributes to the welfare of society, as well as to the support of the
+individual who follows it. The cobbler who mends shoes and the genius
+who builds a steamship are equally legitimate, though one contributes
+only to the comfort of a country neighborhood and the other promotes the
+welfare of a continent. Both may be successful within the limits of
+widely different capacities. An illegitimate business promotes
+temporarily the financial interests of the individual at the expense of
+the health, morals and wealth of the public. In my public and private
+examinations I have directed thousands of young men and women into
+channels of legitimate business. The fact is, there is such a tremendous
+demand for skilled labor in all departments of legitimate employment
+that it is difficult to find material to fill it. We hear much of the
+warfare between capital and labor, and strikes frequently<span class="num" title="Page 47">&nbsp;</span><a name="p47" id="p47"></a>
+ paralyze the
+channels of legitimate trade, but the cause of the difficulty lies not
+in any real or imaginary conflict between capital and labor. The
+solution lies in the fact that every branch of legitimate labor is
+burdened with incompetent workmen, men who are in wrong occupations, who
+were never intended by nature for such work as the branches of trade
+they infest, and the skilled workmen are obliged to carry the load;
+while capital is often in the hands of those unfit to be trusted with
+its use, who manipulate it merely as the instrument of oppression and
+wrong, until the social discord is produced. If men were all graded to
+their proper vocations, if capital were entrusted only to those of
+financial skill, and labor, in its various departments, assigned to
+those of proper qualifications, every man would be employed at a fair
+remuneration, and the burden of pauperism would fall from the backs of
+our skilled workmen. There are too many men in the learned professions
+who would do better at the forge and on the farm. There are preachers
+who ought to be blacksmiths, and lawyers who would look better and feel
+better hoeing potatoes. There are those at the anvil and the plow who
+can succeed better in literature and art.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 121px;">
+<img src="images/11lawyer.png" width="121" height="158" alt="" title="" />
+<p class="caption">Lawyer.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Young man, it is infinitely more to your credit to be a successful
+blacksmith, if that is in accordance<span class="num" title="Page 48">&nbsp;</span><a name="p48" id="p48"></a>
+ with your endowment, respected by
+everybody within a radius of twenty miles because you can shoe a horse
+better than anybody else, than it is to be starving in an attic as a
+briefless lawyer, or lounging about the country as a minister of the
+gospel, eating yellow-legged chicken at the expense of the sisters, when
+you have no ability to preach.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 124px;">
+<img src="images/12minister.png" width="124" height="170" alt="" title="" />
+<p class="caption">Minister.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Whether a man will be able to do good work, to receive lucrative
+compensation and to derive pleasure from any occupation, will depend on
+the amount and kind of sense that he possesses. Phrenology measures the
+amount of sense displayed by each man&#8217;s brain, determines the kind and
+quality of his intelligence, and thus estimates his ability in any given
+trade or profession.</p>
+
+<p>If the brain were a single organ, every man would have the same kind of
+sense, and men would differ only in the quality and amount of
+intelligence. But Phrenology proves that the brain consists of a number
+of organs, each one representing a different variety of intelligence, a
+different sense, so that we find men varying in volume of brain and
+amount of intelligence, in the quality of brain and consequent quality
+of intelligence; and also in the relative development of the different
+organs of the brain, showing diversity of character in the kind of
+intelligence or sense, displayed<span class="num" title="Page 49">&nbsp;</span><a name="p49" id="p49"></a>
+ by different individuals. Thus two men
+may have the same relative volume of brain, similar in quality, and
+supported by good constitutions, but widely different in development of
+the organs of the brain. One may be a gifted orator and astute lawyer,
+but utterly unable to comprehend colors or use the pencil and brush. The
+other is a talented artist but so deficient in language that he cannot
+describe his own pictures. Both are successful in their proper
+vocations, reverse their positions and ignominious failure is the result
+in both cases.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 124px;">
+<img src="images/13capable.png" width="124" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+<p class="caption">Capable.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>To constitute a success in any business a man must have <em>capacity</em>, that
+is, he must have enough of intelligence to meet the demands of the
+business, and he must have physical strength to support it. A man may
+have apparently the kind of sense required by a branch of business, and
+for a time display ability in it, but as the business increases, and its
+demands become more in volume and intensity, he fails because he has not
+enough of comprehensive intellect to take it all in. There are also
+those who have comprehensive greatness of intellect, who are fully
+capable of understanding all the requirements of a business, but who
+fail because the body beneath the brain is not sufficient in endurance
+and nourishment. Dismal failures result, and many useful lives are
+shortened, because men make<span class="num" title="Page 50">&nbsp;</span><a name="p50" id="p50"></a>
+ the mistake of entering vocations for which
+they have insufficient mental or physical capacity. A phrenological
+examination determines beforehand the capacity of the individual and
+establishes a proper limit, within which he finds success, health,
+happiness, and the gratification of proper ambition. On the other hand
+there are many who do not realize how much their capacity is, and
+consequently remain inert to the great deterioration of body and mind.
+Nature demands that every man should use his full capacity, and the
+phrenological examination which reveals to an individual the extent of
+his usefulness is a magnificent acquisition to him who acts upon it.
+Action is the natural condition of every part of man. Action develops
+character, strength and health. Inaction results in paralysis and
+disease. It is vitally essential that every man should find out his
+capacity and use it all&mdash;no more, no less. This, Phrenology enables him
+to do.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 105px;">
+<img src="images/14incapable.png" width="105" height="128" alt="" title="" />
+<p class="caption">Incapable.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The question of capacity being thus understood, the next is the quality
+of organization.</p>
+
+<p>Quality is the inherent grain or texture of the substance. Men differ in
+quality as much as do the trees of the forest. You do not use the
+hickory or the oak for the same purposes that you do the pine or the
+poplar. There are differences also in the grain of metals, in the
+texture of fabrics. Gold differs essentially<span class="num" title="Page 51">&nbsp;</span><a name="p51" id="p51"></a>
+ from iron as silk does
+from flax. Men display an infinite variety of quality, from the strong
+lumberman of the pine forests, with his corded muscles and angular
+frame, to the delicate young man who presides gracefully over the ribbon
+counter in the dry goods store.</p>
+
+<p>To illustrate this topic of quality: Riding on the cars one day I
+noticed a gentleman sitting near me and asked him the rather impertinent
+question, whether he had not been engaged for many years in handling
+<em>delicate</em> machinery.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Ah,&rdquo; said he, smiling, &ldquo;you are a Phrenologist.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Yes, sir,&rdquo; I replied, &ldquo;we have evidently sized each other up.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Now, before I answer your question,&rdquo; said the gentleman, &ldquo;tell me why
+you asked about <em>delicate</em> machinery. Several men of your profession
+have approached me with similar questions about machinery. There is
+evidently something in my head which betrays that; but tell me why you
+drew the distinction in favor of delicate machinery?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Why, my dear sir,&rdquo; I replied, &ldquo;you are a delicate piece of machinery
+yourself. You would not harmonize with anything else. Your bones are
+small, your eyesight microscopic, your fingers tapering, your touch as
+delicate as a woman&#8217;s, your <em>quality</em> is delicate. You are not the man
+to handle heavy bars of iron, to repair locomotives, or to build
+threshing<span class="num" title="Page 52">&nbsp;</span><a name="p52" id="p52"></a>
+ machines. I should say, sir, that watches would be about
+right for you, certainly nothing heavier than sewing machines and
+type-writers.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;You are quite right, sir,&rdquo; said he, &ldquo;I have been a watchmaker for
+twenty years.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>The quality of the man determines the quality of the work he should do.
+The strong, coarse, sluggish organization is adapted to occupations
+requiring power and momentum. The refined, delicate, responsive
+character will succeed best in positions calling for agility, dexterity
+and sensitiveness. The blacksmith may ruin a watch if he attempts to
+mend it, while the jeweler would not be a safe man to shoe a valuable
+horse. There is an eternal fitness of things.</p>
+
+<p>The occupation of an individual should be in harmony with his
+temperament. The brilliant versatility of the magnetic permits a greater
+variety of selection to the individual than the positive and
+concentrative energies of the electric temperament. The latter is
+dignified, sombre and severe, with a ready inclination to forego comfort
+and convenience to carry out a cherished object. It works, not better
+than the magnetic but more willingly. Men of the magnetic temperament
+succeed best in the cultivation of the social graces, the fine arts, and
+in those departments of literature that call for brilliancy of
+imagination, versatility of talent and variety of accomplishment. The
+leaders of great and successful armies, the powerful<span class="num" title="Page 53">&nbsp;</span><a name="p53" id="p53"></a>
+ statesmen and the
+literary men of the world, distinguished by fervid genius and
+concentrative application, have been on the other hand strongly endowed
+with the electric temperament.</p>
+
+<p>When the motive temperament is in the ascendency, the character is
+marked by an almost uncontrollable desire for physical exercise. This
+temperament demands activity of body as well as brain, and the
+occupation should be such as will combine both. The vital temperament on
+the other hand is more inclined to sedentary habits, and is capable of
+doing an immense amount of mental work without breaking down. It seems
+to thrive best when loaded with responsibilities of a mental character.
+The mental temperament on the other hand will display great brilliancy
+of intellect and versatility of talent, but is in constant danger of a
+physical collapse unless constantly subjected to conditions favorable to
+recuperation.</p>
+
+<p>To subject a person of the delicately organized and sensitive mental
+temperament, for a long period of time, to the hardships and privations
+of an occupation requiring exposure and severe muscular exertion is the
+height of cruelty and folly. A person of the extreme vital temperament,
+under the same conditions, would find life a weary burden, though a
+limited experience in muscular exercise, under conditions favorable to
+health, would be beneficial to both. On the other hand, the motive
+temperament, confined in an office or<span class="num" title="Page 54">&nbsp;</span><a name="p54" id="p54"></a>
+ room to books and study, with
+insufficient exercise, is in much the same condition of misery as a
+caged bird.</p>
+
+<p>Temperament, quality, and capacity having been duly considered, the
+ability of an individual in any given direction, depends upon the
+special development of the organs of the brain. The special sense of
+each individual is determined by an examination of the special organs of
+the brain. And it is upon this special development, in the case of every
+man, that his prerequisites for success depend, namely, the ability to
+do much good work, the remuneration for his services, and the pleasure
+derived from the occupation.</p>
+
+<p>I desire to call your attention to some examples of special ability,
+which are familiar enough to the experience of most of you to be
+accepted without argument.</p>
+
+<p>There are those who are gifted in the sense of touch above their
+fellows, who can judge of the quality of goods in the dark. There are
+others blest with penetrating eyesight. Others with a sense of hearing
+most acute. Also those with nice discriminating sense of taste and
+smell. These distinctions for a long time were regarded as the five
+senses of man, and he was believed to have only those five avenues of
+perception. Phrenology, however, subdivides these and adds others,
+vastly increasing the number of the sources of knowledge and the springs
+of human action.</p>
+
+<p>A great many cases of defective eyesight, so<span class="num" title="Page 55">&nbsp;</span><a name="p55" id="p55"></a>
+ called, are in reality
+defective brain. The mechanism of the eye may be perfect, the retina and
+the optic nerve may faithfully perform their duties, but if the brain
+behind the eye be defective, the comprehension of the object or some of
+its properties is lost to the intelligence of the individual. Some
+people are &ldquo;color blind.&rdquo; Their eyes are good enough, but they don&#8217;t see
+colors; they comprehend no difference in the shades of different colored
+objects exhibited to the view. At the same time they fully comprehend
+the size, form, distance, etc., of the object. An examination discloses
+the fact that they are deficient in a portion of the brain just behind
+the middle of the eyebrow. Give such a man every material and brush of
+the painter and request him to paint a landscape and the result will be
+a daub. He has no sense of colors, he has no fitness for that kind of
+work. At the same time he may be entirely capable of a very creditable
+performance in drawing a picture with a pencil in white and black
+because that does not involve his weakness. This particular element of
+sense may, like all others, be only partially defective, but an
+examination by a competent phrenologist will disclose its exact state,
+whatever it may be. I once examined a man and remarked to him that he
+was thoroughly endowed with the qualities essential to a good locomotive
+engineer, except that the organ of color was slightly deficient. I
+remarked, &ldquo;You will never experience the slightest<span class="num" title="Page 56">&nbsp;</span><a name="p56" id="p56"></a>
+ inconvenience in
+distinguishing switch-lights and signals when you are in good health and
+sober, but a slight indigestion, or a glass of liquor, decreasing the
+power of your brain, would render your vision of colors unreliable and
+might cause a wreck, hence I advise you to keep out of the business.&rdquo;
+The man was a railroad engineer, and admitted that he could generally
+distinguish colors without difficulty, but that his color sense was
+lost, under the conditions I described.</p>
+
+<p>Those who are large in the organ of color, are artists in its
+appreciation, for the simple reason that they have more sense in this
+particular direction. On the other hand, color may be large, but
+appreciation of form, size, etc., may be deficient. The individual may
+try to paint a picture and get the colors all right, but if form is
+deficient his figures will be grotesque in their absurdity; or he may
+have good sense as to form and color, and get the sizes of his objects
+all wrong. Mechanical skill depends in a great measure upon these
+&ldquo;Perceptive Faculties,&rdquo; as they are called: that is, those portions of
+the brain that comprehend and give the ideas pertaining to the
+properties of material objects, such as individuality, form, size,
+weight, color, etc. The trained eye and hand of the blacksmith are alike
+directed by these faculties of the mind acting through these organs of
+the brain, as he moulds a piece of iron to the proper size and form to
+fit the<span class="num" title="Page 57">&nbsp;</span><a name="p57" id="p57"></a>
+ horse&#8217;s foot. What folly then to expect good work, in a
+blacksmith shop, of a man deficient in these special senses requisite in
+that department of work; and as we study all trades and professions we
+shall find that aptitude in any line depends on the possession of
+superior development of the organs of the brain representing the
+faculties of intelligence most used and depended upon in that business.</p>
+
+<p>There are those who are wonderfully gifted in the organ of calculation,
+the seat of the special sense of the number of things. One who has this
+organ large will be able to count rapidly and correctly, to add,
+subtract or multiply, and he understands the relation of numbers to each
+other, their properties, and because of his superior sense in this
+direction he becomes a &ldquo;lightning calculator&rdquo; and is regarded as a
+mathematical prodigy. There are others who have this sense deficient,
+but they may be superior in development to the mathematical prodigy in a
+dozen other faculties.</p>
+
+<p>One may be developed in those organs which contribute to talent for
+music. He may have a sensitive organization, highly responsive in
+quality, a fair intellect, such an exquisite sense of time and tune,
+aided by good Constructiveness, Imitation and executive ability that he
+is able to produce music which charms the listening ear of thousands. If
+this talent is discovered in time, and he has adequate instruction and
+advantages, he becomes a magnificent<span class="num" title="Page 58">&nbsp;</span><a name="p58" id="p58"></a>
+ success. Place him in the counting
+room, the work-shop, or on the farm and he is not in harmony with his
+surroundings, he is awkward and inefficient, he does poor work and but
+little of it, and he is regarded by his associates as an inferior
+person.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 136px;">
+<img src="images/15musician.png" width="136" height="154" alt="" title="" />
+<p class="caption">Musician.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Some men are wonderful in their ability to comprehend machinery, and in
+dexterity in the use of tools, the special sense represented by the
+organ of Constructiveness. They seem to be perfectly at home with a
+piece of new and complicated machinery in five minutes, while others
+will work on the same thing for hours, growing more and more bewildered,
+and exhibiting little or no mechanical genius whatever, literally making
+a botch of everything they undertake. When I was lecturing in Austin,
+Texas, in 1887, several gentlemen came to see me and asked if I would be
+willing to submit to a test. They said, &ldquo;We have a man in this city who
+is unquestionably a genius in a certain direction, and we would like to
+call him out for a public examination and see if you can locate him.&rdquo; I
+urged them to do so, at the same time remarking that that was the kind
+of a man I liked to get hold of. That night when I called for
+nominations, Mr. Geo. P. Assman was immediately elected. He came
+forward, and as I measured his head I said, &ldquo;This man is a genius as a
+machinist. He has only<span class="num" title="Page 59">&nbsp;</span><a name="p59" id="p59"></a>
+ ordinary ability in other directions, but as a
+machinist he is a marvel. He has thoughts on machinery far beyond the
+comprehension of other men, and especially in the practical handling of
+complicated work.&rdquo; Somebody in the audience sung out at this point
+&ldquo;You&#8217;ve got him,&rdquo; and the audience broke into applause. They then
+informed me that he was a most celebrated locksmith and machinist whose
+specialty was opening combination locks on valuable safes when the
+combination was lost by the owners, or when the works were injured by
+the blasts of burglars. On one occasion he had opened a safe in New
+Orleans in a few minutes when the trained locksmiths of the safe factory
+had worked for hours and failed. He was in the right business, was
+regarded as a genius, and was respected and admired by a whole section
+of the United States simply because he employed his best element of
+sense.</p>
+
+<p>Some men have wonderful intellectual development and are specially
+gifted with the ability to acquire knowledge, but they may be most
+wonderfully deficient in that kind of executive force which makes use of
+it. They are largely developed in the frontal lobe of the brain where
+the intellectual organs reside, but are deficient in the regions of
+moral and physical energy; while others are largely endowed with
+ambition, physical and moral energy,&mdash;the parietal lobes are large and
+the head rises high in the crown, and they<span class="num" title="Page 60">&nbsp;</span><a name="p60" id="p60"></a>
+ are able to use all the
+knowledge they acquire. Their intellectual capacity may be limited, but
+they are able to put their knowledge to account, and what gems of
+information they possess are made to glitter by constant use. Men of the
+first class are always rated at less than their true value of
+intellectual ability; those of the second class at a greatly
+over-estimated premium. The first may be compared to capacious barns
+where knowledge is stored like hay to become musty because it is never
+used. I have seen hundreds of boys of this character, graduate with
+great honor in college (where the only criterion applied was the
+capacity to absorb knowledge as a sponge does water), only to be
+eclipsed in after years by the boys who graduated at the foot of the
+class, who were practically in disgrace on Commencement day. In our
+popular public school and collegiate system, there is too much stuffing
+of knowledge, and too little attention given to developing the practical
+sense of the student.</p>
+
+<p>There are special senses which give physical and moral energy, ambition
+and industry. One man is splendidly equipped with knowledge and is
+thoroughly posted in regard to how a business should be conducted in all
+of its practical and theoretical details, but he is afflicted with
+inertia, he does not move. The unscientific observer says he is lazy,
+and that is true, but Phrenology analyzes even laziness and finds that
+it is caused by a lack of sense. Develop the organs of physical<span class="num" title="Page 61">&nbsp;</span><a name="p61" id="p61"></a>
+ and
+moral energy, which can be easily done, and the character of the man
+becomes transformed, and he becomes a cyclone of business push and
+executive ability. Another man may be gifted with energy, but deficient
+in knowledge and business tact, and he wastes his force in tremendous
+efforts at the accomplishment of small matters. He puts as much mental
+force into opening a can of oysters as would suffice to destroy a
+building. Figuratively speaking he loads a cannon to kill a mosquito,
+the result is a great waste of energy and vitality. By proper
+cultivation of knowledge, and adaptation to pursuits employing his
+splendid energies with large enterprise, a character of this description
+is brought into harmony with the eternal fitness of things.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 241px;">
+<img src="images/16energy.png" width="241" height="391" alt="" title="" />
+<p class="caption">Physical Energy.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>There are men endowed with the sense which<span class="num" title="Page 62">&nbsp;</span><a name="p62" id="p62"></a>
+ gives appreciation of values
+and the knowledge of property to such an extent that they are artists in
+the manipulation of finances. They accumulate fortunes, and the world
+admires their accomplishments; and one who has less of this world&#8217;s
+goods is accustomed to wish that he had as much sense as Vanderbilt or
+Gould. The fact may be, that he has more sense in the aggregate than
+either, but it is not the same kind of sense. Other things being equal,
+the man with large Acquisitiveness will exhibit more sense in acquiring
+property, and the man with large Caution and Secretiveness more sense in
+economizing, than those having these organs small. It is curious to
+observe the different phases of financial sense in different
+individuals. One man will be a miser, eager to get and anxious to hold
+property; another will be close and cautious in taking care of the
+property he inherits, but will exhibit no special ability in increasing
+his riches; another displays great ability in making money, but spends
+it lavishly; while still another may show indifference to the
+acquisition of property or the care of it. All of these various
+combinations I have delineated correctly with utter strangers, in
+thousands of instances. They all depend on the development of the
+various organs of special sense, and a man may be educated at any period
+of life, so as to correct his financial sense and make him more
+successful in accumulating and holding property.</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 63">&nbsp;</span><a name="p63" id="p63"></a>
+Some men are good collectors, while others fail to exact their just
+dues. One man will dun his debtors with a persistence and regularity,
+and with a force and dignity which compels payment even from those who
+wish to avoid it; while another will be diffident, and often suffer the
+most humiliating emotions in presenting his demands&mdash;in fact, often
+failing to exact payment from those who are perfectly able and willing
+to meet the account. Others are careless about paying their debts, and
+lose financial standing in the community by neglecting their dues,
+without any desire whatever to avoid payment, while others are
+<ins class="corr" title="Transcriber&#8217;s note: Original read &lsquo;punctillious&rsquo;.">punctilious</ins> in financial matters to the greatest degree. All of
+which variety of financial dispositions are the result of development of
+special combinations of brain organs, and susceptible to material
+modification by proper influences.</p>
+
+<p>It is as absolutely essential to the success of the man of commerce that
+he should be well developed in the organs which give the financial
+instincts, as it is that the artist should be developed in those which
+give a sense of artistic effect. Hundreds of men go into bankruptcy
+every year because of deficient development in this respect, being
+crowded to the wall by the superior strength of men of greater business
+sagacity. It cannot be too strongly impressed upon the young business
+men of this country that the true road to fortune is in a correct
+knowledge of adaptation in<span class="num" title="Page 64">&nbsp;</span><a name="p64" id="p64"></a>
+ business and in constantly educating the
+financial senses.</p>
+
+<p>In my written delineations of character I furnish every applicant with a
+careful analysis of his business adaptation, showing the exact condition
+of his financial instincts, as well as all others. I have also composed
+directions whereby deficient organs may be strengthened by special
+mental exercises, and I claim that the financial sense can be developed
+and strengthened as well as any other part of man&#8217;s nature; and in no
+part of my professional work have I met with more satisfactory results.</p>
+
+<p>I once examined an utter stranger, and as I proceeded, I said, &ldquo;You
+should never enter mercantile life, sir, with your present development.
+You would be bankrupt within a year, because you would trust everybody,
+and you cannot collect your small accounts.&rdquo; The gentleman, in great
+surprise, asked me if I knew anything of his past history personally.
+&ldquo;No, sir, I never saw you nor heard of you until you entered my room a
+moment ago.&rdquo; He then informed me that he had failed in business three
+times, because he could not collect his small accounts, and that he had
+over $1500 due him in the city&mdash;small items against respectable
+customers that he had not succeeded in collecting. &ldquo;Now, sir,&rdquo; he
+continued excitedly, &ldquo;I want to know why that is and how you can tell
+it.&rdquo; I explained to him his deficient organs,<span class="num" title="Page 65">&nbsp;</span><a name="p65" id="p65"></a>
+ and gave him my special
+rules for the cultivation of financial ability; and after instructing
+him, I told him to try some of his most collectable accounts according
+to my rules. I remained in his town a few days longer, and before I left
+he called on me with a list of over six hundred dollars&#8217; worth of claims
+he had collected, and he was jubilant. &ldquo;There!&rdquo; said he, &ldquo;that is what
+your examination and chart has been worth to me.&rdquo; And by persistently
+following my instructions he developed into a very good collector.</p>
+
+<p>A man may be entirely idiotic in the sense which gives the desire for
+property and the impulse to acquire it (Acquisitiveness), while he
+exhibits excellent sense in other directions. I once examined a
+gentleman of high intellectual development who was entirely destitute of
+this sense, and I remarked to him that he was financially worthless,
+that he had no sense of value, was indifferent to the acquisition of
+property and utterly unable to make a living, as he would not be able to
+ask for money that was due him from a friend who was perfectly willing
+to pay him. He replied, &ldquo;All you say is true, sir; my wife supports the
+family by sewing and washing, and I am unable to command any financial
+resources whatever.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>Subsequently I employed this man, as a matter of charity, to do some
+work for me, and returning to the city from a brief absence, I found
+that I owed him five dollars. I met him on the street that night and he<span class="num" title="Page 66">&nbsp;</span><a name="p66" id="p66"></a>
+
+informed me that his family were suffering for the necessities of life.
+Said he, &ldquo;It was a scramble at our house this morning to get anything
+for breakfast, and I don&#8217;t know where the next meal is coming from.&rdquo; My
+first impulse was, of course, to pay him the money I owed him, but I
+restrained it and waited to see if he would ask for it. He poured his
+tale of woe into my sympathizing ear for twenty minutes, and finally
+turned away and left me without his dues. As he walked away, I called
+him back and said, &ldquo;Look here, my friend, do you know you are a fool?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Oh, yes, Professor, I found that out long ago. But on what particular
+point do you find me a fool to-night?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Don&#8217;t you know that I owe you five dollars?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Yes, sir.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Why didn&#8217;t you ask for it?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;I don&#8217;t know,&rdquo; he said in a dazed sort of way, &ldquo;I simply couldn&#8217;t; I
+came to you for it; I told you my circumstances hoping you would pay me,
+but I couldn&#8217;t ask you for it.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>And he could not. His case was an extreme one; but there are many in the
+same position. The simple fact is, he did not have financial sense
+enough to ask for it. I gave him his money and told him if he needed
+more to come to me and I would help him further, and I did; but the best
+thing I did for him was to instruct him in the development of financial
+sense, and I got<span class="num" title="Page 67">&nbsp;</span><a name="p67" id="p67"></a>
+ him far enough along, to enable him to ask for money
+when due him; but it would be a hopeless task to undertake to make a
+financier out of such a man. I also examined his oldest boy, and finding
+that he had inherited his father&#8217;s weakness, I gave him and his mother
+special instruction for the development of financial ability. Two years
+later, when I visited the same city, I found him supporting his mother
+and the younger children from his own wages; and his mother brought her
+entire family to me for written examinations, and I found them well
+dressed and well fed; and the mother, with an expression of gratitude I
+shall never forget, informed me that the splendid financial energies of
+her son, were entirely due to the faithful performance of my
+instructions. And as she paid me a handsome fee for my services, and I
+looked upon her happy family, I felt that the gratuitous examination I
+had given the boy two years before had borne good fruit.</p>
+
+<p>I could multiply instances to prove the existence and working of each of
+the various special senses of the individual, represented by the
+phrenological organs, but I assume that the foregoing are sufficient for
+the purposes of the present lecture.</p>
+
+<p>It is a common mistake of parents to suppose that if a child has a
+special endowment of sense in any particular direction, it will manifest
+such strong inclinations in that direction, that these natural
+inclinations<span class="num" title="Page 68">&nbsp;</span><a name="p68" id="p68"></a>
+ may be taken for a guide. Sometimes this is true, but
+oftener it is not the case, so that the natural inclinations of children
+are by no means safe guides in the choice of a profession, occupation or
+trade.</p>
+
+<p>When the circus is in town, the natural inclination of every healthy boy
+is to be a clown or bareback rider, but it does not follow, that if his
+inclinations are gratified, it is the best course he can pursue. Some of
+the most magnificent talents, on the other hand, lie dormant until they
+are carefully called out and trained by the teacher. There are also
+periods in the life of every boy and girl when new faculties seem to be
+awakened, and for a time engage the entire attention; and the watchful
+parent is apt to mistake one of these periodical outbreaks for the
+manifestation of a talent deciding the destiny of a child. At one period
+of a boy&#8217;s existence he may manifest great fondness for tools and
+working in machinery; at another, for music; at another, for trading and
+merchandizing; while comparatively dormant may lie a masterly ability to
+grapple with the problems of philosophy and science, which in later
+years marks him as a genius in literature and scientific investigation.</p>
+
+<p>Sometimes a talent manifests itself at an early age, but the parent does
+not realize its scope and value, or the full character of the child, and
+he is placed in an occupation far inferior to his actual merit, or the
+measure of his capacity.</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 69">&nbsp;</span><a name="p69" id="p69"></a>
+A father brought his son to me exclaiming with pride, &ldquo;This boy is a
+genius, and I am going to make a first-class carpenter of him, unless
+you can suggest something better, and prove that he has talent for it.
+He can take a pen-knife and a board, and carve out anything he may
+desire to make. He certainly has a genius for mechanical work.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Yes,&rdquo; I said, &ldquo;this boy will make a first-class carpenter; he will
+succeed well in carving boards and in doing delicate joining, and as a
+foreman, or as the owner of a planing mill, he will make a good living;
+his wages may run up to five or ten dollars per day; but such an
+occupation is beneath his capacity. This boy has, in addition to his
+mechanical genius, a wonderful endowment of intellectual ability and
+scientific proclivities; and if you will send him to a first-class
+medical college and make a surgeon of him, his mechanical skill will
+have a higher field to display itself and he will <em>carve men</em> at fifty
+dollars per day.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>The old gentleman hadn&#8217;t thought of that, but he wisely acted on my
+suggestion, and his boy is to-day one of the brightest young surgeons in
+the state in which he lives, and he carves men, instead of boards, at
+higher prices.</p>
+
+<p>The ability to command a high grade of compensation for labor of any
+kind depends largely upon a man&#8217;s own confidence in his skill, and his
+ability to perform work rapidly, as well as skillfully. A factory<span class="num" title="Page 70">&nbsp;</span><a name="p70" id="p70"></a>
+ which
+can turn out double the quantity of work of its competitor, will secure
+the best contracts and give the greatest satisfaction. In the same way,
+a man who can do double the quantity of work done by a fellow-workman
+will, if his labor be equally skillful, be regarded as worth three or
+four times as much as his slower competitor. The pride and dignity
+attached to superior accomplishments doubles the value of the service.
+The best man in any department of work commands his own price, and
+people are willing to give him the full margin of profits. The <em>best</em>
+surgeon is always demanded when human life is at stake; the best lawyer
+when property of great value is involved in litigation. And when a man
+knows that he is the best in his department of work, whatever it may be,
+he has that confidence in himself which will enable him to exact good
+wages. As long as a man realizes that he is inferior, his work is at a
+discount and he himself deficient in dignity and self-confidence.</p>
+
+<p>An old darkey, who was famed for his skill as a butcher, was employed by
+a stranger to slaughter a hog. The service being well performed, Pompey
+demanded five dollars in payment.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Five dollars!&rdquo; gasped the astonished owner of the pork, &ldquo;for
+slaughtering one hog! outrageous!&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;No, sah,&rdquo; said Pompey with dignity, &ldquo;I&#8217;se only charged you one dollar
+for de work, sah. De balance am for de <em>know how</em>.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 71">&nbsp;</span><a name="p71" id="p71"></a>
+It is absolutely essential, in order that one may rise to eminence in a
+profession, trade or occupation, that he should select one where he can
+use his best faculties; because he will be rated as a successful man, a
+man of mediocre talents, or a complete failure, according to the amount
+of sense displayed by the faculties he uses in his business. If a young
+man has an excellent talent for music, an ordinary degree of ability in
+mathematics, and none in regard to art, he will be a success in the
+orchestra; he may make a precarious living as a book-keeper; but if he
+starts a photograph gallery, he will disgust his customers and prove a
+dismal failure. In the first, he will be respected and admired; in the
+second, tolerated; in the third, despised.</p>
+
+<p>In my professional experience I have met thousands of men who were
+admired and respected as master-minds, because they were using strong
+faculties, the best they had, and the world gave them more than their
+dues, because they were ranked in mentality at the grade of their
+strongest faculties, and their weaknesses were overlooked, hidden in
+fact by the brightness of the few talents they did possess and use to
+advantage.</p>
+
+<p>I have examined thousands of men of equal ability who were regarded as
+very ordinary, because they were in walks of life which called forth
+only the inferior elements of their characters. I have examined<span class="num" title="Page 72">&nbsp;</span><a name="p72" id="p72"></a>
+
+thousands of others of equal ability, and many of magnificent endowment,
+who were limping, staggering and blindly groping down the dismal path of
+despair, because they were depending on their weakest elements, and the
+world despised and judged them unjustly, because they were ranked in
+mentality at the grade of their weakest faculties&mdash;their virtues and
+talents hidden by the fact that they were never used. It has been my
+happy privilege to place them, for the first time, in possession of the
+true estimate of their elements of strength and weakness, and to direct
+them with the absolute certainty of success into paths of usefulness,
+prosperity and enjoyment.</p>
+
+<p>I might confer a favor upon you, by giving you a letter of introduction
+to some rich and powerful friend of mine who could aid you in your
+business, but I confer a greater favor upon you when I give you my
+written delineation of character. It is an introduction to yourself. For
+the first time you are made acquainted with your own character. There it
+stands in bold relief; your talents and how to make the most of them;
+your faults and how to correct them; your adaptation in business,
+analyzed in such a manner that every business qualification is described
+and the reasons given why you will succeed. You are not left in the dark
+concerning the matter. The business is stated and the reasons given, and
+the reasons you can test <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">seriatim</i> before you go to any expense in
+making<span class="num" title="Page 73">&nbsp;</span><a name="p73" id="p73"></a>
+ a change, or in qualifying yourself for the business.</p>
+
+<p>The enjoyment that a man gets from his business is a legitimate part of
+the profits. It is also one proper criterion of success. A man may
+accumulate a bank account, but if it is done at the expense of the
+enjoyment of life, if every task is a burden, and every day&#8217;s work a
+monotonous round of dreary duties, he is no better than a slave.</p>
+
+<p>When he uses the strongest faculties of his nature the result is
+constant gratification. The use of weaker elements is always at the
+expense of extra effort and pain. The muscular woodsman enjoys the
+exercise of chopping, and swings his glittering axe with dexterity and
+pride. Put a college professor at the same task, and he would be clumsy
+and suffer fatigue and mortification as well, if he escaped without
+injury to his shins. But in his school-room the professor would display
+dignity, enjoyment and skill in expounding some intricate problem to
+admiring pupils. The skillful musician becomes identified with his
+instrument, and thrills with the melody evoked by his own fingers. The
+trained accountant becomes wonderfully gifted in mathematical
+computation, and enjoys his work in like manner. The accountant might
+find the work of the musician an impossibility, and what little he did
+accomplish, a vexation; while the confinement of the counting-room, with
+its prosaic duties, would be the worst form of slavery for the musician,
+his work<span class="num" title="Page 74">&nbsp;</span><a name="p74" id="p74"></a>
+ inferior, his capacity limited, his situation intolerable but
+for the meagre salary it might afford.</p>
+
+<p>A bank president called on me with his son, requesting an examination
+for the latter. As he came in, I saw that he was in a bad humor. Said
+he, &ldquo;This boy is a fool. If you can find any talent in him you will
+succeed better than I have. My desire is, that he should occupy a
+position in my bank and ultimately become cashier. Our present cashier
+is a first-class business man and can add up four columns of figures at
+once, and I have sent this boy to several business colleges with the
+request that he be taught the same accomplishment. I have spent seven
+hundred and fifty dollars on this boy&#8217;s mathematics, and he can&#8217;t add up
+one column of figures with any certainty of being correct. If there is
+any sense in him, I would like to have you find it.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>I examined the boy carefully, and I did not find an idiot. I said, &ldquo;Sir,
+you are doing this boy an injustice. He has but little mathematical
+sense, it is true, and he will never be able to add more than one column
+of figures with speed and correctness. Nature intended him for something
+different from a bank cashier. Give this boy a good violin, place him
+under competent instructors, spend seventy-five dollars on his musical
+education and he will display such magnificent talent that you will be
+willing to continue.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>The old gentleman arose in wrath, and stamped<span class="num" title="Page 75">&nbsp;</span><a name="p75" id="p75"></a>
+ out of the room, and said
+he didn&#8217;t want any fiddlers in his family. The next day, however, he
+came back and apologized. Said he, &ldquo;I suppose it is better for the boy
+to be a good violinist than a poor accountant; at all events, I&#8217;ve
+failed so far, and I&#8217;ll try your advice to the extent of seventy-five
+dollars; if he displays talents as a musician, he shall have the best
+instruction money can obtain.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>He kept his word, and placed the boy in a musical conservatory under
+first-class instructors, and before the seventy-five dollars was
+expended, the boy was the pride of the institution. He led his classes;
+graduated with first honors; is to-day the leader of a first-class
+orchestra and a professor in a leading conservatory; commands better
+compensation than any accountant in the city, and has an <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">entree</i> into
+the best society at all times by reason of his accomplishments. He
+stands to-day a king among his fellows because he is using his strongest
+faculties. But the best of it lies in the fact that he enjoys his
+profession; his position is one of dignity and pleasure. Whether he
+stands before audiences at the head of his orchestra, in the drawing
+rooms of <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">elite</i> society, or in the solitude of his study, his brain
+vibrates with the harmony of his own grand usefulness.</p>
+
+<p>I have a friend who holds the position of first book-keeper in a leading
+bank, and he is master of the situation because he is able to add four
+columns of<span class="num" title="Page 76">&nbsp;</span><a name="p76" id="p76"></a>
+ figures at once with absolute accuracy. He commands a
+first-class salary for first-class work, and it is pleasurable to watch
+the pride, the dignity, and the evident enjoyment with which he performs
+the duties of his station. On one occasion I went into the bank to
+settle an account of long standing, and at the request of the cashier,
+my friend, the book-keeper, made out the account and added it up in his
+usual quick way. The cashier, being desirous of preventing any possible
+mistake, said, &ldquo;Mr. B&mdash;&mdash;, will you please add that up again and see
+that your figures are correct.&rdquo; The book-keeper was insulted. The idea
+that he might make a mistake was not to be tolerated. With an expression
+of lofty dignity that I shall never forget, he handed back the account
+without looking at it, saying, &ldquo;The account is correct, sir.&rdquo; And as the
+cashier laboriously added it one column at a time he found that it was.
+The book-keeper was master of the situation, and he was able to
+humiliate anybody who dared to question his work. And as I saw his
+satisfaction in the discomfiture of the cashier, I said to myself,
+Verily the enjoyment of a man&#8217;s business is a legitimate part of the
+profits.</p>
+
+<p>The enjoyment of my own business is a large share of the profits. I
+enjoy lecturing, and I enjoy examinations, because I know when I examine
+a head that I know more about it than the man who wears it, and that
+what I am about to say will do him more<span class="num" title="Page 77">&nbsp;</span><a name="p77" id="p77"></a>
+ good than anything he ever
+heard in his life if he will heed it. And when some young man comes up
+to me in Texas, and shakes hands and thanks me for something he heard me
+say in a lecture in California, and another shows me his prosperity in
+Colorado, and draws out a chart I made for him in Missouri, telling him
+to enter that business, I enjoy it. And when I examine some diffident
+young lady and encourage her to learn accomplishments and show her the
+occupation she should follow, and years later I find her succeeding in
+all of them and developed into a grand self-sustaining woman, a mighty
+power for good in her neighborhood, I enjoy that. And when I give my
+professional sanction to the marriage of some brave young man and
+beautiful young woman, and later I find them surrounded by superb
+offspring, a good home and every indication of prosperity, and I see
+that the beauty of the wife has not faded, and that the husband is
+stronger and braver and more tender than he was, I enjoy that.</p>
+
+<p>Commercial reports show that only a fraction over two per cent. of
+business enterprises are successful. The rest are failures because they
+are managed by men who do not possess the kind of sense required.</p>
+
+<p>The question presents itself to every young man and woman at this
+moment: Will you be a success, or will you join the long, dismal
+procession of failures? If you really desire to succeed, you should
+first find<span class="num" title="Page 78">&nbsp;</span><a name="p78" id="p78"></a>
+ out the true measure of your abilities. My delineation of
+your character is the surest guide, because it is the estimate placed
+upon your capacity, your quality, your temperament, your special
+development of sense, by an impartial friend, a skillful critic, guided
+by the light of science and a conscientious regard for your welfare.</p>
+
+<p>In coming to me for examinations, come prepared to know the truth. I am
+not here to flatter you, nor am I here to ridicule or abuse your
+weaknesses. I have for many years enjoyed a magnificent practice, gained
+by strict candor and honesty with my patrons, who have long since
+learned that I spare no pains to know the facts, and knowing them I fear
+no consequences in relating them as they are.</p>
+
+<p>I will tell you every element of your character as nature and
+circumstances have combined to develop them. I will not flatter you, but
+I promise you that I will find more good in you than you have ever found
+in your own organization, and I will tell you how to turn that good to
+the best practical account. I will describe your business qualities, and
+analyze them, showing you how to improve and correct them; and if you
+are in the proper business already, this knowledge will enable you to
+develop more perfect usefulness and strengthen your confidence for the
+future. If you are not in the right profession, trade or occupation, the
+sooner you find it the better, and make use of your opportunities. I
+will tell you the very best<span class="num" title="Page 79">&nbsp;</span><a name="p79" id="p79"></a>
+ you can do, and prove it to you by reasons
+<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">seriatim</i>, and convince you that it will be as natural for you to
+succeed in that business as it is for a cork to swim, and for the same
+reason, because the law of nature commands that it should be so. Brain
+is money, character is capital, knowledge of your resources is the
+secret of success.</p>
+
+<p>I wish to say a word to the ladies at this point. In this lecture I have
+used the term &ldquo;man&rdquo; in its generic sense, as the old preacher did when
+he announced that his congregation numbered two hundred and fifty
+brethren, and then qualified it by remarking that the brethren
+&ldquo;embraced&rdquo; the sisters. Phrenology discloses the fact that women have as
+many varieties of temperament, quality, capacity and size and special
+development of brain organs, as men. Every woman as well as every man is
+endowed with a certain line of talents, and when she enters her proper
+vocation she succeeds at it, no matter what it may be. Women have
+succeeded wherever men have, as rulers, as leaders of armies, as
+physicians, lawyers, in the world of commerce, in the shop, the factory,
+and on the farm. There is a great deal of bosh written and spoken about
+&ldquo;woman&#8217;s sphere.&rdquo; The proper sphere of every individual man or woman is
+in that line of work for which nature intended them, and for which they
+are endowed with the proper development of brain and brawn. And, ladies,
+when you come to me for<span class="num" title="Page 80">&nbsp;</span><a name="p80" id="p80"></a>
+ examinations I shall be just and honest enough
+to tell you where you belong; and if I can find you something which will
+take you out of competition with the Negroes and Chinamen I shall
+certainly do so.</p>
+
+<p>To parents, also, I wish to say that this is the opportunity you must
+not neglect. You have no right to bring children into the world unless
+you are willing to promote their welfare and give them the best
+opportunities to enjoy whatever nature has endowed them with, in the
+nature of talent. Do not allow the trifling cost of an examination to
+stand in the way of obtaining this priceless knowledge, which will
+enable you to direct their growing minds into the channels which promise
+so much of usefulness, so much of health, happiness and financial
+prosperity.</p>
+
+<p>Some parents have an idea that children are too young to be examined,
+and they make this excuse at every age, from one month to twenty years.
+They seem to doubt our ability to impart valuable information about a
+child until the character is &ldquo;developed.&rdquo; They lose sight of the true
+object of an examination, which is to determine <em>in what direction the
+child shall be developed</em>. The parent is often the architect of the
+child&#8217;s fortunes, but what would we think of an architect who waited
+until the building was completed before he planned it? When the
+character is &ldquo;developed,&rdquo; according to the idea of these people, the
+greatest advantage of an examination has been lost. We<span class="num" title="Page 81">&nbsp;</span><a name="p81" id="p81"></a>
+ can tell the
+youth of twenty-one, or the business man of forty, what his talents are,
+and how they may best be employed, and how they may also be improved to
+the extent of that limited development which can be made after maturity
+by persistent effort; but in the case of the young and growing child the
+information given in time, is a thousand fold more valuable, because it
+is in that formative, plastic condition where it is like the clay of the
+potter in the hands of the skillful parent or teacher. And when parents
+ask me how young a child may receive the benefits of an examination, I
+answer as soon as you are able to bring them to me, the younger the
+better; and when you reflect upon the fact that more than half the
+children die in infancy, the value of competent phrenological advice may
+be appreciated. In thousands of cases I have warned parents of
+predispositions to disease in their little darlings, and enabled them to
+avoid the conditions which, in the absence of my advice, would have
+certainly destroyed the health and life of the little ones. Moreover, at
+an early age a defect may be easily overcome, which at a later period
+would ripen into a permanent deformity, such as defects of vision, color
+blindness, defects of speech, stammering, stuttering, lisping, defects
+of walk, and every other defect caused by a deficient development of
+brain organs.</p>
+
+<p>To know with scientific accuracy the special talents of an individual in
+early youth, is to make his<span class="num" title="Page 82">&nbsp;</span><a name="p82" id="p82"></a>
+ fortune. Without this knowledge much
+valuable time is lost by parent, teacher and pupil in useless
+experiments. With the knowledge which Phrenology imparts, intelligently
+acted upon, the development of a strong mind, sound body, brilliant
+accomplishments, splendid talents and successful business, is an assured
+fact, and the youth enters upon his early manhood fully equipped with
+everything which will enable him to accomplish a vast volume of good
+work, achieve financial success, and enjoy that happiness which can only
+come to the successful man.</p>
+
+<p>Our rooms are open from 10 o&#8217;clock <span class="smcap">a.&nbsp;m.</span> until 6 <span class="smcap">p.&nbsp;m.</span> The reception
+room opens at 9, for the accommodation of those who wish to come early
+and be first served. Take your seat in the reception room, and I will
+reach you as rapidly as I can. I never hurry my work at the expense of
+thoroughness, and when I have a subject under my hands I tell him
+everything which will do him good, no matter how many others may be
+waiting. When it comes your turn you may expect the same courtesy. But I
+never waste time, and if you desire to ask any questions please have
+them written down, and I will answer them promptly and correctly. While
+you are in the reception room you will be elegantly entertained, and
+when I reach your case you may expect the best results which scientific
+knowledge, careful examination, lucid explanation, and a fraternal
+interest in your welfare can give.</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 83">&nbsp;</span><a name="p83" id="p83"></a>
+To-morrow night I lecture on the soul-absorbing topic of Matrimony, at
+the conclusion of which lecture I shall examine several young ladies and
+select husbands for them from the audience.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width:316px;">
+<img src="images/17cherub.png" width="316" height="157" alt="" title="" />
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 84">&nbsp;</span><a name="p84" id="p84"></a>
+</p>
+<a class="toclink" href="#CONTENTS">&larr;Contents</a>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h2><span class="num" title="Page 85">&nbsp;</span><a name="p85" id="p85"></a>
+<a name="Matrimony" id="Matrimony"></a><img src="images/matrimony.png" alt="Matrimony." width="471" height="70" /></h2>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 250px;">
+<img src="images/18grapes.png" width="250" height="251" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><em>LADIES AND GENTLEMEN</em>:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img class="cap" src="images/a.png" alt="A" width="45" height="73" />
+
+<p class="caplap2"><span class="allc">As I stand</span> committed, before the public, as the originator of a system
+of Matrimonial Selection and Creative Science, you have a right to
+demand of me that I shall present to you to-night a statement of
+something practical that will stand the test of your criticism. And I
+desire to say, in the outset, that in this lecture I shall endeavor to
+lift my subject above the plane in which it is ordinarily treated. I
+don&#8217;t believe I ever announced a lecture on Matrimony, that I did not
+detect the ripple of a<span class="num" title="Page 86">&nbsp;</span><a name="p86" id="p86"></a>
+ smile on the face of my audience, as if they
+regarded the whole subject as a huge practical joke, something
+wonderfully funny, on no account to be considered seriously.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Marriage is in fact a serious and a scientific problem, the solution of
+which may well engage the attention of the most profound intellects, and
+may well engage yours, because in its proper solution is embodied the
+advancement of society, the happiness of its members&mdash;nay, more, the
+salvation of the race itself; and yet it is, of all questions, most
+neglected. Young ladies and gentlemen reach maturity and marry without
+the first rudiments of knowledge in regard to the importance of the
+relation; in most cases in absolute ignorance of all the great
+physiological facts pertaining to conjugal selection and improvement of
+offspring, with little or no knowledge of the characters of either
+themselves or their consorts. The result is, what might be expected, a
+fruitful harvest of misery, crime, pauperism, disease, and death.
+Occasionally circumstances produce a happy combination, and the result
+is a reasonably correct union in spite of ignorance; but such cases are
+so rare that they are like oases in the desert, and the subject of
+universal admiration and comment when they occur. The most casual
+observer notes, that unhappiness is the rule in the married state, and
+conjugal felicity the exception. A recent discussion of the question,
+&ldquo;Is Marriage a<span class="num" title="Page 87">&nbsp;</span><a name="p87" id="p87"></a>
+ Failure?&rdquo; has brought out so many exhibitions of
+domestic misery that society is startled into a serious consideration of
+the question at last.</p>
+
+<p>It is my purpose to show, in this lecture, that there is a sensible
+solution of this great problem. That whenever we bring to bear upon this
+question the same amount of scientific thought and reasoning common
+sense, that we display in all things pertaining to financial values, the
+results would be fully as satisfactory. I plead for Investigation; I ask
+for Knowledge; I beg for Candid Thought and Scientific Experimentation.</p>
+
+<p>When I was lecturing in Kansas, some years ago, I had occasion to visit
+an old friend, a wealthy farmer, who had an interesting family of seven
+very marriageable daughters. And in conversation with me, the old
+gentleman expressed himself as greatly concerned about their matrimonial
+prospects. Knowing that I was investigating the scientific bearings of
+matrimony, he said to me, that if there was any light which I could
+throw upon the subject, which would aid him or his daughters in the
+selection of suitable husbands for them, he would consider himself under
+obligations to me for life. &ldquo;But,&rdquo; said the old man, sadly, &ldquo;it&#8217;s no
+use, marriage is a lottery anyhow. If you draw a prize, well and good;
+if you draw a blank, you must make the best of it. You may lecture from
+now until doomsday and it won&#8217;t do any good. When they<span class="num" title="Page 88">&nbsp;</span><a name="p88" id="p88"></a>
+ fall in love,
+they&#8217;re going to marry, and they won&#8217;t listen to reason.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Well, my friend,&rdquo; I replied, &ldquo;I should regret to have to entertain or
+express the opinion of your daughters that you have just uttered. If I
+did so, I should consider you entirely justifiable in ejecting me from
+your premises. It is an insult to the intelligence of your daughters to
+assert that they would not display sense and reason in the selection of
+a husband, as in anything else, <em>if they had any knowledge upon which to
+act</em>. Let me ask you a few questions which will prove my position. I
+want to buy a valuable horse, could your daughters aid me in the
+selection of the animal?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Oh, yes,&rdquo; exclaimed my old friend, with evident pride, &ldquo;my daughters
+know all about horses, sir. They have broken the most unruly colts that
+were ever raised on this farm. They can tell whether a horse is most
+suitable for draft, speed or breeding purposes, as soon as they look at
+him. They can tell how much it will take to feed him, and how far he can
+travel in a day without injury. My daughters are accomplished
+horsewomen, sir.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Good,&rdquo; I answered, &ldquo;valuable knowledge, sir, for young ladies to
+possess, especially if they expect to become farmer&#8217;s wives. I also want
+to buy a valuable farm, could your daughters aid me in the selection of
+the property?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 89">&nbsp;</span><a name="p89" id="p89"></a>
+&ldquo;Certainly, sir,&rdquo; said the old gentleman, warming up with the subject,
+&ldquo;my daughters have been instructed in all that pertains to scientific
+agriculture. They can not only select a good farm, from practical
+experience, but they have had scientific, theoretical training as well,
+under competent teachers. They can analyze the soil and tell you its
+chemical constituents, and they know what kind of soil is suitable for
+every crop you can name.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Capital, sir; I rejoice to know that your daughters are so well
+informed, and have had such excellent instruction and advantages. I now
+wish to select a good man, can your daughters aid me now?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Ah!&rdquo; said my old friend, sadly, &ldquo;I see, sir, that you have us all at a
+disadvantage on that question. My daughters have been neglected in that
+branch of education, and with my sixty years of experience, I must also
+admit that I am incompetent to aid either you or my daughters in the
+selection of a <em>man</em>.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>Here is the solution of the whole question. While the human race is
+interested in everything pertaining to literature, the arts,
+manufacture, commerce, religion, and science, the welfare of the race
+itself has been sadly overlooked. And the admission of my old farmer
+friend can well be made by all of you. And what I said to him in
+concluding our conversation, I now say to you. You have spent many hours
+in instructing your children in all that was desirable in<span class="num" title="Page 90">&nbsp;</span><a name="p90" id="p90"></a>
+ literature,
+art, science, commerce, and religion. You have surrounded them with
+educational advantages; but you have neglected to instruct them on this
+vital topic of matrimony. You have treated it lightly or with
+indifference. You have left them in ignorance of the great social and
+physiological facts which surround it; and then you wonder when they
+marry upon blind impulse, and you call it lottery. Of course, they can&#8217;t
+display judgment when they have no facts to exercise judgment upon. And
+you feel offended when your child marries contrary to your advice, when
+you have been exposing your ignorance to that child ever since it was
+able to comprehend anything. You set yourself up as an authority on this
+question, when your youngest baby is fully alive to the fact that you
+are a total ignoramus in regard to it.</p>
+
+<p>For my part, I admire the spirit of the young man or woman who,
+realizing the discouraging failure of the old folks, starts out on a new
+line in obedience to one of nature&#8217;s impulses, independent alike of
+paternal wrath or criticism. If such a one will consult the dictates of
+science in shaping and directing the impulse, the marriage will be much
+more likely to be happy, than those formed in deference to parental
+wishes, which, in a majority of cases, we regret to say, are dictated by
+merely prudential if not sordid reasons.</p>
+
+<p>Before we discuss the main issue of our subject to-night, it may be
+interesting and instructive to ask:<span class="num" title="Page 91">&nbsp;</span><a name="p91" id="p91"></a>
+ Why do people marry, anyhow? Did
+you ever think about that? There are a number of reasons, and we will
+discuss some of them.</p>
+
+<p>A great many people marry because it is fashionable. They never stop to
+reason about it; they simply observe that nearly everybody else marries,
+and consequently they jump to the conclusion that it is the proper thing
+to do. Like most devotees of fashion in other things, they find it a
+very unprofitable investment.</p>
+
+<p>A great many men marry, because they want a servant. That&#8217;s unprofitable
+also. Young man, you can hire your washing and ironing done by a
+Chinaman, and live in a first-class boarding house with much less
+expense. It don&#8217;t pay.</p>
+
+<p>Some women marry because they want a home, and they find&mdash;a
+penitentiary. I visited a state prison a few days ago, and I found
+inside the walls a lot of convicts that were having a much better time
+than some married people of my acquaintance.</p>
+
+<p>A large number of men and women marry for money. That don&#8217;t pay either
+in the long run. Young man, don&#8217;t marry a hundred thousand dollars with
+a girl attached, because some of these days you&#8217;ll find that the money
+has taken wings and flown away, and you&#8217;ll have a girl on your hands,
+and you won&#8217;t know what to do with her. Right here, I want to say to my
+friends who are disposed to look upon money as the<span class="num" title="Page 92">&nbsp;</span><a name="p92" id="p92"></a>
+ most valuable of all
+things, that if you marry according to my instructions you will marry
+the conditions which produce money. To marry for money, or to marry a
+person who possesses a fortune for no other reason, is a monstrous
+wrong, sure to be punished.</p>
+
+<p>Some refined people marry for beauty. The motive is correct as far as it
+goes, but in practice we find few people competent to judge of beauty,
+or to use it correctly. The result is, that most people make the mistake
+of marrying a fragment of beauty only, or they marry beauty which is not
+of the kind or quality available in their cases. A man falls in love
+with a pretty hand, a shapely figure, a handsome mouth, or a pair of
+beautiful eyes, and he finds upon the more intimate acquaintance of
+marriage that the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">tout ensemble</i> is far from being what he desired in a
+wife.</p>
+
+<p>A young lady becomes enamoured of a magnificent specimen of physical
+manhood, but she finds to her sorrow that, notwithstanding his beauty,
+his whole character, in fact, is totally inharmonious with her own.</p>
+
+<p>Some young ladies marry in a hurry, because they imagine that good
+husbands are going to be scarce in the future, and they live to wonder
+what a supply the market affords in later years. Young ladies, take my
+advice and be deliberate. There are going to be hundreds of good men
+after you are all grandmothers.</p>
+
+<p>The real reason why people marry, is because it<span class="num" title="Page 93">&nbsp;</span><a name="p93" id="p93"></a>
+ is natural to do so. It
+is in accordance with a law of nature. To understand this fully we must
+study natural history for a few moments. As we observe the various
+orders of plants and animals, we find that in the lower forms of life,
+in vegetable or animal, the male and female principles are embodied in
+one individual; and that individual, being entirely capable of
+reproducing the species to which he belongs, stands as a perfect
+representative of that kind or species. We observe, however, that in the
+higher orders of plants and animals, the male and female principles are
+separated&mdash;are embodied in two separate individuals, and it requires the
+union of two of these individuals of different sex to reproduce the
+species, and it takes the two individuals, the male and female, to
+furnish us with a complete representation of that species.</p>
+
+<p>Man is created in two parts, male and female, man and woman, and it
+requires the union of these two to reproduce the race, and to furnish us
+with the perfect specimen of the unit of humanity. The man or woman,
+considered separately, do not furnish us this complete ideal of
+humanity, but on the contrary each is incomplete without the other.</p>
+
+<p>The conclusion which I wish you to draw from this argument is: that the
+old bachelor is only half of a man, which is a correct way of expressing
+his status in society. Why, my dear sir, you might as well expect to
+pull across the Atlantic Ocean in a<span class="num" title="Page 94">&nbsp;</span><a name="p94" id="p94"></a>
+ water-logged skiff, with only one
+oar, and make a successful voyage of it, as to pull across the ocean of
+life without the help of a good woman. And I have my suspicions of the
+morals, as well as my contempt for the taste of a man, who can wander
+through this country and see as many bright eyes, ruby lips, rosy
+cheeks, and shapely figures, as one may encounter any day in the week,
+and who does not marry.</p>
+
+<p>Marriage then may be regarded as the natural condition of every mature
+man and woman. And, because it is natural to marry, there is all the
+more reason why it should be carefully studied, and why the human race
+should learn to form marriages in accordance with Natural Law.</p>
+
+<p>When we study Matrimony in the light of Science, we find that it is
+surrounded and governed by Natural Laws, as inevitable in their
+consequences as the law of gravitation, and that the marriage relation
+is happy or unhappy as these laws have been obeyed or broken.</p>
+
+<p>To constitute a perfect marriage, three great objects must be attained.
+The absence of any one of these from the marriage will cause its
+ignominious failure. There must be</p>
+
+<p><em>First.</em>&mdash;Such physiological conditions as will insure the improvement
+of offspring and the perpetuation of the race, for the accomplishment of
+which object, marriage is primarily established.</p>
+
+<p><em>Second.</em>&mdash;Amiable Companionship and Congenial<span class="num" title="Page 95">&nbsp;</span><a name="p95" id="p95"></a>
+ Association. The married
+pair must live together, and their mutual interests, as well as the
+interests of society, demand that the association be pleasant.</p>
+
+<p><em>Third.</em>&mdash;Mutual helpfulness in financial affairs and the
+maintainance of the establishment.</p>
+
+<p>It is absolutely necessary that all three of these elements should
+combine to form the perfect marriage. Many good people imagine that if
+they can only live together in an amiable way, and have no serious
+quarrels, that they have reached the beau ideal of happiness. There are
+others who look only to the financial welfare of the union, and if the
+conditions seem favorable to the production of wealth, they approve of
+the marriage; but the fact remains that both of these conditions may be
+present and the marriage still be most unhappy.</p>
+
+<p>When I was lecturing in the State of Indiana, some years ago, I had
+occasion to discuss this subject with the Mayor of a certain city, who
+informed me, with great glee, that he had &ldquo;sold out&rdquo; a Phrenologist, as
+he expressed it, on the occasion of his marriage. Said he, &ldquo;My wife and
+I were examined the day before we married, by an eminent Phrenologist,
+who pronounced us totally unfitted for each other, and strongly urged us
+not to marry. Now, sir, I have lived with that good woman for forty
+years, and we&#8217;ve never had a quarrel, and we&#8217;ve made a good living into
+the bargain.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 96">&nbsp;</span><a name="p96" id="p96"></a>
+I did not want to hurt the old man&#8217;s feelings, and I felt that if he
+could get any comfort out of that marriage, I would be the last one to
+take it from him, so I kept silent; but when I looked over his family,
+and I counted five children that were partially idiotic, I thought that
+the Phrenologist had decidedly the best of the argument.</p>
+
+<p>And suppose you do live with a good woman for forty years and never have
+a quarrel, is that anything to your credit? Certainly not. The man who
+couldn&#8217;t live with a good woman for forty years, and not insult her,
+ought to be ridden out of town on a rail. And the woman who can&#8217;t live
+with a good man, the same length of time, without getting her name on
+the police court records for smashing a frying-pan over his head, is not
+fit to move in good society.</p>
+
+<p>It is desirable that the association of man and woman in marriage should
+be amiable, but that is not all that is to be desired. Neither is the
+physiological improvement of offspring the sole thing to be considered.
+The married pair may surround themselves with beautiful children, but if
+the conditions of the marriage have made them poor, if the parents are
+unable to educate their children, or to give them the necessities and
+advantages which are prompted by a laudable ambition, life will be shorn
+of most of its charms. And, on the other hand, if life is spent in one
+long scramble for riches, and there is in the union<span class="num" title="Page 97">&nbsp;</span><a name="p97" id="p97"></a>
+ nothing but the
+elements of sordid wealth, the actual standard of that marriage, as to
+the true richness of life, will be poor indeed.</p>
+
+<p>These three grand consummations of Amiable Association, Financial
+Success, and Physiological Improvement are most devoutly to be wished,
+but how shall they be attained?</p>
+
+<p>Before I proceed to give you my own theory, I want to tear down one or
+two others. I am nothing if not combative, and believe that the best way
+to establish truth is to begin by tearing down error. I wish to attack,
+in the first place, a theory much taught and too generally practiced,
+that one should seek, in matrimony, a companion as near like himself as
+possible. It is astonishing to see what a hold this theory has upon the
+public mind, considering the fact that it never has had any good results
+to support it. A distinguished Physiologist, in a recent work which has
+been extensively circulated, uses these words in speaking of a proper
+selection in matrimony:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;What should be sought for is a congenial companion. A congenial
+companion is one who, under any given set of circumstances, will think,
+feel and act exactly as we would, not for the sake of agreeing with us,
+but of his own free will, etc.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>We consent that a congenial companion should be sought for, but we
+differ very much from the learned gentleman, just quoted, as to what
+constitutes a<span class="num" title="Page 98">&nbsp;</span><a name="p98" id="p98"></a>
+ congenial companion. To comply with the conditions he
+expresses, presupposes that the persons, who are to be congenial
+companions, must be alike in character, temperament, disposition; for if
+they differ in any of these, Phrenology proves that they will, under the
+same combination of circumstances, think, feel and act differently also.
+We will examine this theory in the light of results and see how it will
+work.</p>
+
+<p>We will suppose the case of a man of the Bilious Temperament, dark
+complexion, hair and eyes; Moderate Caution; small Vitativeness, Hope
+and Self-esteem; large Destructiveness and Acquisitiveness. Such a
+combination gives a strong tendency to suicide in cases of financial
+loss. We marry him to a wife exactly like himself, and one day he comes
+home and informs her that an unlucky speculation has carried away their
+fortune, and he has resolved upon suicide. His wife, being a person &ldquo;who,
+under any combination of circumstances, thinks, feels and acts&rdquo; exactly
+as he does, raises no objection. &ldquo;All right, my love. You take arsenic,
+and I&#8217;ll take strychnine,&rdquo; and they go to perdition together. There is
+not enough vitality in such a marriage to last them over one disaster.</p>
+
+<p>Study this theory to its legitimate conclusion in all cases, and you
+will find that its results are disastrous. Moreover, it is contrary to
+nature. It is not because a man is like a woman that she admires him. If
+this were true, the little emasculated dudes, who cannot<span class="num" title="Page 99">&nbsp;</span><a name="p99" id="p99"></a>
+ raise
+moustaches, would be more in demand. It is not because a woman is like a
+man that he loves her. If this were true, the bearded lady in the Dime
+Museum would be at a premium on the matrimonial market. It is because
+each is unlike the other, and because each recognizes in the other
+something, without which nature is incomplete, that love exists, and
+each is attracted to the other by a force as irresistible as gravitation
+itself.</p>
+
+<p>But another fellow comes along and proposes to remedy the whole matter
+with another theory. And he tells you to marry somebody who is your
+opposite in everything; somebody who, under every combination of
+circumstances, will think, feel and act differently from your own
+impulses. And he hopes, by the fact that you will pull one way and your
+companion another, to establish some sort of an equilibrium that will
+keep you on your feet. If we follow this theory, like the other, to its
+legitimate conclusion, we will find the old problem repeating itself,
+&ldquo;When an immovable body meets an irresistible body, what is the result?&rdquo;
+According to this theory, I should step into this audience and select
+the most delicate, refined and accomplished lady among you and marry her
+to a South African cannibal, and I would produce correct results.</p>
+
+<p>The Mormon and the Mohammedan advocate polygamy. The Koran says a man
+must have four<span class="num" title="Page 100">&nbsp;</span><a name="p100" id="p100"></a>
+ wives in order to always be able to find one in a good
+humor. There is one answer to polygamy which forever settles the
+question. The highest orders of animals and men are gifted by nature
+with an instinct prompting the union, in pairs, for life of the male and
+female. This instinct is located in the occipital region of the brain,
+and is called, in Phrenological language, Conjugality. It is large in
+the lion and the eagle, and in all mating birds and animals. Those
+animals which associate promiscuously are devoid of this sense. There is
+no grander example of conjugal fidelity than the eagle, the monarch of
+birds, building, with his consort, their rugged home on the breast of
+some beetling crag, and there rearing their offspring and remaining true
+to each other for a lifetime, and at last, when disabled by age,
+nourished and fed by the young birds, no doubt impelled to the filial
+task by respect for their magnificent virtues.</p>
+
+<p>If the sense of conjugality is omitted from the organization of a man or
+woman, they cannot be held responsible if they fail to conform to its
+impulses. But let every man or woman, in the possession of a complete
+brain, conform to the instincts of nature and emulate the virtue of the
+eagle. Those who practice polygamy, or who associate promiscuously, or
+are guilty of conjugal infidelity, are, in plain scientific language,
+<em>deficient in sense</em>&mdash;the sense of conjugality.</p>
+
+<p>It being, therefore, the law of nature that man<span class="num" title="Page 101">&nbsp;</span><a name="p101" id="p101"></a>
+ and woman should unite
+in matrimony, what rule of selection may we establish which, in all
+cases, shall be productive of agreeable association, financial success
+and such physiological conditions as will result in the improvement of
+offspring?</p>
+
+<p>It has been stated that Order is Heaven&#8217;s first law. With equal force it
+might be added that Harmony is the first law of nature. The law of
+Harmony pervades all nature, and men and women have long since learned
+to recognize it in many departments of study, inferior in dignity and
+importance to the topic of this lecture. As you have long studied
+harmony in its application to music, and colors, I introduce the study
+of harmony to you to-night, but it is harmony in its relation to
+Humanity in the law of matrimonial selection. There is harmony and
+discord in music; there is harmony and discord in the science of colors;
+and in the grand symphony of Humanity, the law is just as applicable;
+its obedience results in the beauty and accord of domestic felicity, its
+disobedience furnishes the deformity and discord of society.</p>
+
+<p>All ladies recognize the law of harmony in colors; and in the selection
+of a dress or bonnet, they try to secure colors that will harmonize with
+their complexions. They do not all understand the law sufficiently to
+always conform to it, as I frequently see ladies in my audience who have
+blundered in this respect, and who wear articles hideously unbecoming.
+But they<span class="num" title="Page 102">&nbsp;</span><a name="p102" id="p102"></a>
+ all try, and you cannot inflict a greater punishment upon a
+woman than to compel her to appear in church, or at a lecture, in a
+costume in which she knows she has violated this law. But, ladies, just
+think for a moment, if it is a misfortune to have to wear for a season a
+dress or bonnet which is not becoming to you, what a calamity it is to
+be compelled to wear a husband who does not harmonize with you, and that
+for life. And the worst of it is, they never wear out.</p>
+
+<p>Every musician in my audience understands that, in music, if I strike
+two notes, of the same pitch and quality, I have produced no harmony, I
+have only intensified the volume of the tone. If I strike a first and
+third, or a first and fifth, I produce harmony, because the vibrations
+of those notes, in combination, are such as produce an agreeable sound.
+If I strike certain other notes, I produce a discord, and the sound is
+unpleasant. We cannot have harmony without a difference in pitch and
+quality, but we can have difference in pitch and quality without
+harmony. To produce perfect music, we must have soprano, alto, tenor and
+bass to carry all the parts. The tenor and soprano would furnish us a
+very poor concert, and the alto and bass alone would produce rather
+monotonous music. But we have studied harmony in music until we have
+evoked divine results, and our achievements in harmony of colors has
+beautified the world with transcendent art.</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 103">&nbsp;</span><a name="p103" id="p103"></a>
+In the Science of Humanity there are certain combinations of
+constitution which, in matrimonial association, are harmonious. There
+are certain other combinations which are discordant. The union of
+harmonious natures results in agreeable association, financial success
+and perfection of offspring. The attempted union of discordant natures
+results in domestic misery, divorces by wholesale, pauperism, disease
+and crime, and worst of all, the perpetuation of all these evils in a
+deformed, diseased and vicious posterity.</p>
+
+<p>In stating the law of harmonious selection, the general rule is, that
+the parties should bear a <em>complementary</em> relation to each other. That
+is to say, there should be such a combination of temperaments,
+dispositions and appearances, that any departure from the correct ideal
+of perfect humanity in the one should be supplied by the development of
+the other, in order that the two organizations, when added together,
+should constitute a perfect type of Humanity.</p>
+
+<p>The reasonableness of this rule is apparent the moment that its effects
+upon offspring are comprehended. The child inherits the joint
+organization of the parents. It can never be better than the sum total
+of the parental organizations. It may be better or worse than either of
+these, according to circumstances. It can never be better than both,
+except as education may develop possibilities as inherited from both.
+If,<span class="num" title="Page 104">&nbsp;</span><a name="p104" id="p104"></a>
+ therefore, the father is capable of transmitting to the child
+certain vigorous elements of constitution, which were weak in the
+mother, and on the other hand the mother endows the child with certain
+graces of intellect which were deficient in the father, the result is
+perfection of offspring through complementary association.</p>
+
+<p>The same rule holds good in the matter of amiable association. When each
+contributes to the other, elements of character necessary to convenience
+and happiness, the mutual esteem and respect generated by the knowledge
+of the indispensableness of each to the other&#8217;s interest, is the surest
+guard to amiability.</p>
+
+<p>Likewise as to financial affairs. It is easy to understand that the
+individual will be most successful in the affairs of life, who unites in
+himself all the elements of a perfect organization. Therefore, in the
+consummation of all partnerships, matrimonial or purely commercial, the
+application of this rule unites in the organization every element
+essential to success.</p>
+
+<p>In the application of this rule, it is necessary to consider, First, the
+character of the individual under examination; Second, the type of
+humanity we desire to form; Third, the ideal character necessary to the
+accomplishment of the end in view.</p>
+
+<p>The error committed by most physiologists, who have experimented with
+this question, lies in the fact that they have had in mind only one
+ideal as a perfect<span class="num" title="Page 105">&nbsp;</span><a name="p105" id="p105"></a>
+ type of humanity, and they have tried to grade all
+their subjects up to this solitary ideal. Humanity, however, presents as
+many phases as the various climates, occupations, stages of culture, and
+conditions of life might be expected to produce, in various combination,
+and we may have a perfect type of humanity, adapted to every climate, to
+every occupation, to every grade of society, but differing in each.
+Every individual, under every condition of life, may find his proper
+complementary associate, adapted to the same conditions of life, but
+possessing a different character, harmonious with his own.</p>
+
+<p>Nature has not left us in the dark with reference to this question. She
+surrounds us with every incentive to obey her laws, rewards her obedient
+children with every pleasure the senses can afford, and punishes the
+disobedient with pains and penalties too numerous and severe to
+catalogue. Observation is all that is necessary to teach us the law of
+harmony. We know that the bright red of the rose is heightened in effect
+by the dark green of the leaf behind it. We observe that chords in music
+are agreeable to the ear. And we have only to use the same observation,
+in respect to matrimony, to distinguish certain combinations that
+produce all that is rich and grand and beautiful in domestic life, and
+to know others in which the effect is altogether wrong.</p>
+
+<p>Society has long since learned the distinction between<span class="num" title="Page 106">&nbsp;</span><a name="p106" id="p106"></a>
+ the Brunette and
+Blonde the Electric and the Magnetic Temperaments. And the fact is also
+known that it is natural for those of light complexion to admire those
+of dark, and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">vice versa</i>. The novelist and the actor recognize this
+principle, and if the story is well told, and the drama well made up,
+the hero and the heroine are made to conform to these complexions. The
+society belle who gives a party, if she be a blonde, invites some
+dark-eyed lady friend as a foil to her beauty; and the dark-complexioned
+friend responds cheerfully to the invitation, conscious that her own
+beauty will be heightened by the contrast. The blonde and brunette are
+complementary to each other, as far as the temperament is concerned. The
+Magnetic Temperament is distinguished for its rich arterial circulation
+and versatility of character, which is deficient in the Electric. The
+Electric on the other hand, is noted for its strength of bone and muscle
+and concentrativeness of character, traits deficient in the Magnetic.
+United, the combination possesses the warmth and versatility of the
+Blonde with the endurance and power of the Brunette. In the union of the
+Blonde and Brunette, the law of color is also conformed to, and both
+appear better than either would apart, or than either would, combined
+with a person of the same temperament.</p>
+
+<p>To illustrate this principle more completely, I will give a few
+examples.</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 107">&nbsp;</span><a name="p107" id="p107"></a>
+I will take first the case of any man who is a complete type of the
+extreme brunette or Electric Temperament, and marry him to a lady of the
+same type. At once we see that the law of harmony has been violated.
+They are too much alike. They look like brother and sister. They are, in
+fact, physiologically related. They were created under the same general
+conditions of birth, and have inherited the same peculiarities of
+constitution. They do not look as well together as either would
+separately. They possess the same virtues, it is true, but there is an
+excess of their peculiar good traits, so that they are in danger of
+becoming vices. Two bodies cannot occupy the same space at the same
+time; they jostle each other and promote discord. Notice that, in this
+couple, each possesses the immense base of brain, the narrow pyramidal
+form of forehead, the serious expression and the indications of dynamic
+energy peculiar to the Electric Temperament. In this combination there
+is an absence of versatility, of blandness, agreeableness, sympathy and
+warmth. All is cold, hard, forcible, unyielding and serious on both
+sides. The brunette is essentially, a fighting character, the man to
+fight the battles of his country, of his clients, of his political
+faction or party. United to such a character as shown in this
+combination, he would have a wife possessing the same aggressive
+qualities, and he would return from the battles of the day to find a new
+conflict<span class="num" title="Page 108">&nbsp;</span><a name="p108" id="p108"></a>
+ awaiting him at his own fireside; and in couples mis-mated in
+this way, the conflict usually lasts all night, to the great disturbance
+of the neighborhood.</p>
+
+<p>But if we conform to the law of nature, and unite the brunette to a
+superbly vitalized blonde, a different effect is produced. Combined with
+such a character as the brunette her versatility, refinement, warmth and
+enthusiasm are exactly what he needs to round out the rugged phases of
+his character, and supply the elements deficient in his constitution.
+While she in turn needs his executiveness, his dignity, his seriousness
+and positive elements to balance her tendency to frivolity, and make her
+accomplishments and versatility valuable. Recognizing, each in the
+other, characteristics indispensable to happiness, amiable association
+and financial success is assured, while the offspring is sure to inherit
+an excellently well balanced organization if other conditions are at all
+favorable.</p>
+
+<p>Let us now consider the Magnetic Temperament, of which any blonde man
+furnishes us an excellent example. If we marry him temporarily to a
+blonde lady, we have produced discord again. They do not look as well
+together as either would apart. They are too much like brother and
+sister. There is too much warmth, enthusiasm, versatility and
+inflammability about this combination. There is not enough of
+seriousness, dignity, steadfastness<span class="num" title="Page 109">&nbsp;</span><a name="p109" id="p109"></a>
+ and endurance. Their dispositions
+clash, because every fault in one is aggravated by the same fault in the
+other. The versatility and genius of the blonde is not assisted by
+contact with a lady possessing the same characteristics, because he has
+enough to supply his needs. When we observe marriages of this class, we
+find results far from satisfactory, and offspring with a decided
+tendency to insanity, after a succession of such marriages.</p>
+
+<p>What this blonde character demands is just what the brunette possesses,
+and when we unite the blonde to a lady of the brunette type, we find
+results that are far more satisfactory. Here again we have followed the
+law of nature, and harmony is the result&mdash;each is the complement of the
+other. The genius and versatility of the blond are here fortified with
+executiveness and endurance, while her concentrative and intense nature
+is vitalized and warmed with the enthusiasm, the geniality and
+adaptiveness of the Magnetic Temperament.</p>
+
+<p>These four types of character represent the application of the law in
+persons of relatively the same grade of social position, and surrounded
+by the same general conditions of life. Between these extreme types of
+temperamental development, we may find every grade and blending of
+temperament, but the law remains the same. It requires the trained skill
+of the professional examiner to determine for each individual<span class="num" title="Page 110">&nbsp;</span><a name="p110" id="p110"></a>
+ the exact
+type necessary for the complementary character, but this being done, and
+the description being given correctly, the application of the law
+becomes an easy task. In my written delineations of character, which
+many of you have already, and which all should possess, this
+complementary character is marked out for you with great precision; by
+following the instruction there given, you have the scientific key to
+matrimonial happiness.</p>
+
+<p>Persons possessing a predominance of the Mental Temperament should seek
+consorts having more of the Vital and Motive. Those having an excess of
+Vitality, a consort more largely endowed with the Mental and Motive.
+While those endowed with the large bones and strong muscles, peculiar to
+the Motive Temperament, need the electrifying influence of the Mental,
+combined with the nourishment of the Vital.</p>
+
+<p>It does not follow that perfect blending of temperamental conditions
+will produce a happy marriage. This is the physiological foundation
+always of a correct relation, but there are other considerations quite
+as likely to produce important modifications. It does not follow from
+this law, that a blonde heiress should marry her father&#8217;s coachman,
+though he may be a perfect type of the brunette. We should not advise a
+graduate of one of our cosmopolitan universities to marry an
+uncultivated country maiden, even though their temperaments were
+perfectly balanced. We<span class="num" title="Page 111">&nbsp;</span><a name="p111" id="p111"></a>
+ expect our subjects to exercise common sense in
+the application of our advice, and marry with due regard to the purposes
+of the union socially, financially and physiologically.</p>
+
+<p>A young gentleman or lady may take my written description of the proper
+complementary character, and in any village of two thousand inhabitants
+there will presumably be a half dozen eligible persons sufficiently
+corresponding to the temperamental description. Our candidate will
+consider the claims of the six with probably the following result: He
+will reject <abbr title="number">No.</abbr> 1, because she is too old; <abbr title="number">No.</abbr> 2, because she is too
+young; <abbr title="number">No.</abbr> 3, because she is diseased; <abbr title="number">No.</abbr> 4, because she has
+insufficient culture. He may profitably hesitate a year between <abbr title="numbers">Nos.</abbr> 5
+and 6, but ultimately <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber&#8217;s note: Original read &lsquo;perfer&rsquo;.">prefer</ins> <abbr title="number">No.</abbr> 6 for reasons which he has
+discovered in that time, and marry happily, and with the proud
+satisfaction of having married intelligently.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;But,&rdquo; says some objector, &ldquo;you would have marriage reduced to a matter
+of cold calculation. You leave out all sentiment and <em>love</em>.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>Now, hold on, my friend, and we will see whether that is true or not.
+What is this sentiment, this love, which most people seem to think
+desirable in matrimony, and which others, we may add, hold in profound
+contempt. Love is the impulse of desire toward that which gratifies it.
+A young man loves a young woman because he sees something in her<span class="num" title="Page 112">&nbsp;</span><a name="p112" id="p112"></a>
+
+character, her personal beauty, her mental attributes, which gratifies
+him. For precisely the same reason the young lady reciprocates the
+sentiment. Now the question simply reduces itself to this: Shall this
+sentiment, this love, be founded on a complete and accurate knowledge of
+what is necessary to the complete gratification of the whole nature, or
+shall it be founded upon mere caprice or whim, the gratification of a
+mere fragmentary instinct which has never been educated to the
+comprehension of its true needs? Ponder on these questions for a few
+moments and you will realize that, instead of eliminating the sentiment
+of love from the question of matrimonial selection, I have really
+introduced you to a grander, broader, better ideal of true love than you
+have ever comprehended before.</p>
+
+<p>This perfect comprehension of the needs of a natural existence
+culminates in a wonderful attractive force between the sexes. A force as
+evident to the senses as the force of gravitation when properly studied,
+but unfortunately too little understood. This force, however, exists&mdash;is
+governed by natural laws and exerts its influence for good or evil
+between every man and woman in the universe; and the man who marries in
+ignorance of this force, or who violates its laws, is as foolish as he
+who tempts the law of gravitation by jumping from the brow of a
+precipice without calculating the distance to the ground beneath. This<span class="num" title="Page 113">&nbsp;</span><a name="p113" id="p113"></a>
+
+force is an emanation from the body according to temperament, it is
+identical with gravitation in its phenomena, and I introduce it to-night
+to your consideration under the name of Sexual Magnetism.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 234px;">
+<img src="images/19attraction.png" width="234" height="377" alt="Diagram of what follows." title="" />
+<p class="caption">P. Positive Pole. N. Negative Pole. The curved arrows
+show the direction of revolution.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>I hold in my hand a bar of iron; if I let go, it falls to the ground,
+impelled by an unseen but very tangible force which you call
+gravitation. The scientist will tell you that gravitation exists because
+the earth is a great magnet, attracting to itself all negative bodies
+which come within the reach of its positive influence. But the principle
+of magnetic attraction implies, also, the principle of magnetic
+repulsion. Every child is familiar with the practical results of
+magnetic attraction, because he feels the force of it every time he
+falls down, or drops a plaything. But you are not so familiar with
+magnetic repulsion, yet if, by any combination of circumstances, you
+could be made positive to the earth instead of negative, you would be
+repelled from it with exactly as much force as you are now attracted to
+it, and shot into space to wander among the asteroids.</p>
+
+<p>To illustrate this principle of magnetic attraction and repulsion, I
+have prepared these two bar magnets, which are simple bars of steel
+which have been charged with magnetic properties. I mount one of them on
+a pivot so that it will revolve when subjected to any force. One end of
+the<span class="num" title="Page 114">&nbsp;</span><a name="p114" id="p114"></a>
+ magnet is called the positive pole, the other the negative pole,
+because they have been found to exert two different forces. If I present
+the positive pole of the magnet I hold in my hand to the negative pole
+of the mounted magnet, they will <em>attract</em> each other, and the mounted
+magnet will revolve <em>toward</em> the one in my hand. But if I reverse the
+conditions, and I present the positive pole of this magnet to the
+positive pole of the mounted magnet, they will <em>repel</em> each other, and
+the mounted magnet will revolve in the opposite direction with equal
+force. This beautiful experiment illustrates the<span class="num" title="Page 115">&nbsp;</span><a name="p115" id="p115"></a>
+ repelling force of
+magnetism as well as its attractive power.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 238px;">
+<img src="images/20repulsion.png" width="238" height="330" alt="Diagram of the above." title="" />
+<p class="caption">Magnetic Repulsion.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The human body is magnetic in its action. Its every phenomenon is
+governed by the laws of electricity and magnetism. The human body is a
+divine instrument upon which the mind plays, is a wonderful magnet,
+exhibiting all the phenomena of attraction and repulsion. Between
+certain constitutions there are positive and negative conditions,
+resulting in a natural attraction, conducive to the highest matrimonial
+felicity. Between other constitutions there is a natural antagonism, as
+relentless as the force of gravitation itself, and when companionship is
+attempted, in violation of this law, nature drives them apart by the
+most fearful visitation of her penalties in domestic misery, depraved
+and deformed offspring, pauperism, insanity and crime.</p>
+
+<p>If any of you doubt the existence of this force, I will cite you to an
+experiment, which most of you have tried. Put your arm around your
+sister, and you will not be able to notice any very remarkable
+sensations. But just get your arm around some other fellow&#8217;s sister, and
+you will feel like you were struck by lightening in half a minute. That
+is Sexual Magnetism.</p>
+
+<p>This force exists in different degrees of intensity, according to the
+constitutions of the parties affected. It may be highly attractive, it
+may be weakly so; it<span class="num" title="Page 116">&nbsp;</span><a name="p116" id="p116"></a>
+ may be neutralized, it may be weakly antagonistic;
+it may be violently repulsive in its effects.</p>
+
+<p>The great difficulty with most people is that they are insensible to the
+effects of this force. The senses may be educated to a keen perception
+of it, or they may be deadened by disease and sexual depravity.</p>
+
+<p>I am frequently asked if the natural instincts of men and women will not
+guide aright in the selection of a consort, and my answer is yes, if the
+instincts of men and women <em>were natural</em>. But when we reflect that the
+sexual instincts of the present generation are blunted, warped and
+paralyzed by the sexual sins of a long line of ignorant and depraved
+ancestors, they cannot be trusted. But they can be educated, and every
+man of refined sensibilities can, by learning to recognize his true
+affinity, so educate his sexual instincts that they will be as true as
+the needle to the pole, and he will learn to so distinguish the
+conditions of magnetic attraction and repulsion that he will be
+attracted by that which is favorable to his own constitution, and
+repelled by that which is unfavorable, as sensitively as these magnets.
+And every woman of refined sensibilities may reach the same exalted
+plane of true sexual intelligence.</p>
+
+<p>And when this degree of sexual intelligence is attained, vice is an
+impossibility. The education of this refined, sensitive sexual instinct
+renders adultery abhorrent. The true sexual consort once found, the<span class="num" title="Page 117">&nbsp;</span><a name="p117" id="p117"></a>
+
+chief joy of existence consists in the perpetuation of mutual
+attraction. The consort satisfies; the union is complete; harmony is
+established, and existence itself becomes a grand, sweet symphony of
+mutual love, respect and adoration.</p>
+
+<p>I respectfully submit the principles here, for the first time expounded,
+as the foundation of a proper marriage relation, and a solution of the
+social problem.</p>
+
+<p>I now discuss the important question of age. There are great
+possibilities of good and evil involved in this branch of the subject,
+and nature&#8217;s laws are violated in this as in every other department.</p>
+
+<p>The proper age for the consummation of marriage is maturity. This varies
+much in different constitutions and in different climates, but is not
+hard to determine. A general average for the temperate zone would place
+the proper age at from 22 to 27 in the male, and from 18 to 23 in the
+female.</p>
+
+<p>There are a thousand arguments against premature marriages, which I
+shall not stop to discuss in this lecture. You will hear this subject
+fully discussed in my lectures on Sexual Science, and you will also find
+it elucidated at length in my &ldquo;Science of Creation.&rdquo; Those who have
+neglected to marry until past the ages above given, if in sound health
+and good character, may consider that they have my consent as soon as
+they can find a proper complementary consort, according to my full
+written delineation.</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 118">&nbsp;</span><a name="p118" id="p118"></a>
+The female should be about three years younger than the male. This rule
+applies at all stages of life. Under no circumstances should a man marry
+a woman older than himself. Neither should he marry one more than five
+years his junior; and three above stated is better, because the female
+matures three years younger than the male, as a rule, and this allows
+for both to marry at the same stage of maturity. There are most weighty
+physiological reasons for the support of this rule, the full discussion
+of which I reserve until my lectures on Sexual Science. But I will
+answer one common objection to this rule right here:</p>
+
+<p>It is quite a common belief that, unless a man marries a woman ten years
+his junior, in a few years his wife will look too old for him. This
+belief is based upon the fact that most married women break down and
+look old in a very short time. This is lamentably true, but there is no
+good reason why it should be so. It is contrary to nature, and whenever
+a result is contrary to nature, the cause which produces it is a
+violation of nature&#8217;s laws; and the violation of nature&#8217;s laws, which
+results in the premature decay of American women, is found mainly in
+improper marriages, wrong sexual conditions, unhygienic habits, and the
+woful ignorance of both husband and wife in all that pertains to a
+proper marriage relation. And, ladies, if you will see that your
+husbands attend my lectures on Sexual Science, I will promise to
+educate<span class="num" title="Page 119">&nbsp;</span><a name="p119" id="p119"></a>
+ them to that point where they will be able to preserve your
+beauty. And in my lectures to ladies on the same subject, I shall impart
+knowledge which will aid you in preserving your charms and also
+increasing the manliness of your husbands.</p>
+
+<p>There is no part of my professional work that I approach with as great a
+feeling of responsibility as this sacred question of Matrimony. And when
+I am consulted by a young man or woman and requested to give my
+professional sanction to a proposed union, I study the characters of the
+parties with my most conscientious skill, and in the light of science I
+approve it or condemn it, regardless of everything but the great laws of
+nature, which, knowing, I dare not disobey.</p>
+
+<p>It frequently happens that I am obliged to condemn the aspirations of
+youthful minds, who up to that time have fondly imagined that they are
+perfectly suited to each other. But I have fearlessly passed an adverse
+judgment upon thousands of such cases, and in no case have I had cause
+to regret my decision. But in many cases, when parties have married in
+defiance of nature&#8217;s laws, as explained by me, have they had cause to
+regret it. And many, very many, whom I have advised against improper
+marriages, have returned to thank me for my counsel.</p>
+
+<p>Some years ago I examined a young Methodist preacher, and when I
+described his adaptation in<span class="num" title="Page 120">&nbsp;</span><a name="p120" id="p120"></a>
+ matrimony he seemed dejected, and remarked
+that it did not correspond at all with his sweetheart. I told him he was
+lucky to find out the truth before it was too late. He then brought the
+young lady to me for a personal examination, and both requested me to be
+candid and to give them the benefit of my highest professional skill. I
+did so. I said to the young man, &ldquo;You are a preacher, a man of strong
+magnetic power, upon which you depend for success; your social organs
+are very large, and you depend on them to attract and hold those with
+whom you come in friendly contact. You need a wife who will fortify
+these elements in your character with strong magnetic and social
+qualities of her own. This lady, on the contrary, will neutralize in a
+great degree what you already possess. She is cold and exclusive, and,
+married to her, you would not be as successful as you would be single.
+Moreover, you are a man of warm, affectionate nature, demanding a great
+deal of caressing and amative demonstration from your wife. This lady
+would freeze you out in one week.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;You have, also, some inharmonious similarities. You are argumentative,
+dogmatic and commanding in disposition, unyielding, inflexible and
+positive. This lady is like you in these respects, and if you get into
+an argument, neither would yield a point, and the result would be sure
+to be domestic discord. The attachment you both feel for each other is
+merely<span class="num" title="Page 121">&nbsp;</span><a name="p121" id="p121"></a>
+ fraternal. There is not the first element of sexual magnetism in
+your constitutions.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>They were convinced, and broke the engagement then and there. Two years
+later I found them both happily married to other parties, according to
+my instructions, and both took occasion to thank me for saving them from
+a sad mistake.</p>
+
+<p>I once examined a young artist, of great ability in his professional
+attainments, but greatly deficient in financial qualifications, and as I
+described to him his proper adaptation in matrimony, his countenance
+fell, and he informed me that, in most respects, I had described a type
+of character quite opposite from what his affianced was. He brought the
+young lady to me, subsequently, with the request that I should be as
+candid as possible. I found the young lady also gifted in artistic
+skill, but utterly wanting in physical stamina and business
+qualifications. I then said, &ldquo;You are too much alike. You are, in a
+physiological sense, brother and sister. The offspring of such a
+marriage would be weak physically and mentally, if you had any, which is
+doubtful. You are both the embodiment of delicacy and refinement,
+artistic taste and sensitiveness, without one element of robust physique
+or business ability. You never made a dollar in your life.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;No,&rdquo; said the young man, &ldquo;my father supports me.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 122">&nbsp;</span><a name="p122" id="p122"></a>
+&ldquo;Now,&rdquo; I continued, &ldquo;you have the one element of a pleasant
+companionship, derived from the same accomplishment, but it is such a
+companionship as we might look for in a brother and sister. There is
+nothing in your union which will contribute the wherewith to fight the
+battle for existence. What you both need, is an organization of
+executive ability and strength of business qualifications, robust
+physique and aggressive force for offensive and defensive action, to
+make your artistic talent effective. You might marry and never quarrel,
+and as long as your parents contribute to your support, you might exist,
+but your marriage is wrong in every physiological and scientific sense.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>They were also convinced, and broke their engagement, and I have had the
+pleasure of congratulating both of them upon their marriage, according
+to correct principles, resulting in complete happiness, financial
+success and beautiful offspring.</p>
+
+<p>In subsequent lectures, ladies and gentlemen, to the sexes separately, I
+will elucidate my theory to the full extent of its physiological laws.
+For the present I have only presented its general principles, but I
+submit it to your criticism as the only true relation of the sexes,
+conducive to the improvement of the race, and of its individual members.
+I submit it as the solution of the great social problem of the age, as
+the foundation of correct morals, as the guide to health, happiness<span class="num" title="Page 123">&nbsp;</span><a name="p123" id="p123"></a>
+ and
+that substantial prosperity which rests upon obedience to the laws of
+nature.</p>
+
+<p>Mankind has long realized that the acme of human enjoyment is reached in
+the perfect companionship of harmonious association of the sexes.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0" style="text-indent:-2.4em;">&ldquo;Two souls with but a single thought;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Two hearts that beat as one.&rdquo;<br /></span>
+</div></blockquote>
+
+<p style="text-indent:0;">And in the grand possibilities of existence, I can conceive of no
+greater joy, I crave no higher destiny than vibrating in harmonious
+association in one sweet chord of love, with a companion whose nature is
+in all respects complimentary to my own.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width:101px;">
+<img src="images/21horseshoe.png" height="103" width="101" alt="" />
+<span class="num" title="Page 124">&nbsp;</span><a name="p124" id="p124"></a>
+<a class="toclink" href="#CONTENTS">&larr;Contents</a>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<h2><span class="num" title="Page 125">&nbsp;</span><a name="p125" id="p125"></a><a name="Preface_to_Part_II" id="Preface_to_Part_II"></a>
+<span class="smcap" style="font-weight:bold;">Preface to Part <abbr title="2">II</abbr>.</span></h2>
+
+
+<p>The following interviews, published in various papers during my past
+professional experience, relate to interesting subjects pertaining to
+human character, and have been the object of so much favorable criticism
+from my friends, that I have decided to give them wider circulation in
+this form. The papers from which these interviews are quoted, are among
+the leading journals of the United States, and in each case due credit
+has been given. I also take this opportunity as a <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">quondam</i> journalist
+to return to my brethren of the press, my sincere thanks for their
+uniform courtesy, both in reporting my lectures, and in the wide
+circulation they have given my doctrines in these interviews.</p>
+
+<p class="quotsig">Fraternally,
+<br />
+WILLIAM WINDSOR.
+<span class="num" title="Page 126">&nbsp;</span><a name="p126" id="p126"></a></p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h2><span class="num" title="Page 127">&nbsp;</span><a name="p127" id="p127"></a><a name="PART_II" id="PART_II"></a>PART <abbr title="2">II</abbr>.
+<br />
+PROFESSIONAL INTERVIEWS.</h2>
+
+
+<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman;">
+<li><a href="#phys_of_matrimony">Physiognomy of Matrimony.</a></li>
+<li><a href="#ancient_skulls">Study in Ancient Skulls&mdash;The Cliff Dwellers.</a></li>
+<li><a href="#grady">A Phrenological Study&mdash;Henry W. Grady.</a></li>
+<li><a href="#hawes">Was Hawes Insane?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#living_heads">How Living Heads and Dead Skulls are Measured.</a></li>
+<li><a href="#crime">Crime and its Causes.</a></li>
+<li><a href="#anschlag">A Murderer&#8217;s Mentality&mdash;Fritz Anschlag.</a></li>
+<li><a href="#politics">Phrenology in Politics.</a>
+<span class="num" title="Page 128">&nbsp;</span><a name="p128" id="p128"></a></li>
+</ol>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h2><span class="num" title="Page 129">&nbsp;</span><a name="p129" id="p129"></a>PART <abbr title="2">II</abbr>.</h2>
+
+<h3><a name="phys_of_matrimony" id="phys_of_matrimony"></a>PHYSIOGNOMY OF MATRIMONY.</h3>
+
+<p class="section">How Mental Characteristics are Displayed in Personal Appearance.</p>
+
+<p class="center">[From the Dallas (Texas) <cite>Times</cite>.]</p>
+
+
+<p>&ldquo;Now,&rdquo; said <abbr title="Professor">Prof.</abbr> Windsor to a representative of the <cite>Times</cite> last
+evening at the Opera-house as they took seats commanding a view of the
+audience, &ldquo;if you&#8217;ll pay attention I&#8217;ll give you some points on
+matrimony from a phrenological standpoint, illustrated with practical
+examples from this audience:</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Notice that couple just behind the usher in the middle aisle. The
+gentleman, as you see, is a brunette, tall, angular, with a prominent
+Roman nose, and a firm step. He is one of our promising young attorneys,
+as the papers say. An aggressive executive disposition is written in
+every line of his face. He is not so noted for legal knowledge as for
+his ability in handling the facts in the case. Notice his chin, which is
+rather narrow, round, and projects well forward.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;What does that signify?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;An intense desire to love. His affections, like the rest of his
+character, are aggressive and must find expression. His conjugality is
+large and he will center all his affections on one beloved object.</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 130">&nbsp;</span><a name="p130" id="p130"></a>
+&ldquo;Now, notice the lady. She has taken the seat beside him, and the
+average observer would not detect anything wrong, but I can see from
+here that she does not enjoy his company. There is no compatibility
+between them, and if they marry they can expect nothing but misery.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Upon what evidence do you base these conclusions?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Well, her temperament is similar to his, as you will see if you notice
+her features and complexion; but that isn&#8217;t all. Notice her position.
+The lines of her figure are all inclined away from him. She smiles at
+his conversation, out of politeness, and is not conscious of the fact
+that she is betraying her dislike by any act; but she is, nevertheless.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Now notice that couple over there on the left, three seats back of the
+one we have just observed. You see the lady is a blonde with a wide
+forehead and a nose which has a regular curve from the root to the tip.
+That is what we call the celestial nose, because it is always pointing
+skyward and serves as a perpetual interrogation point. She can ask more
+questions between the acts than her companion can answer in a fortnight.
+Her chin is narrow and pointed, which signifies congenial love and a
+wealth of affection which she is anxious to bestow on somebody. Her
+companion, you see, is a semi-brunette with a rather wide head. He is
+one of our prominent retail merchants and the lady is his <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">fianc&eacute;e</i>.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;What are the prospects for their future happiness?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 131">&nbsp;</span><a name="p131" id="p131"></a>
+&ldquo;Good. Notice that indentation in the middle of his chin, signifying an
+intense desire to be loved, a passive form of the passion, but admirably
+adapted to her equally strong desire to manifest the active form by
+caresses and endearments. Notice how closely they sit together, the
+lines of both figures inclining to each other. Why, you couldn&#8217;t put a
+piece of tissue paper between their shoulders. His nose is slightly
+modeled after the Roman type, and as hers curves the other way the
+circle of adaptability is complete.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Is the nose reliable as an indication of character?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Always. Do you see that gentleman on the front seat with the pug nose?
+Well, his character is equally undeveloped, as his friends will tell
+you. The shortness of the organ from root to tip signifies a distressing
+lack of executive ability.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The lady beside him is much the better man of the two. She has
+executive force enough for a whole family, and the fact is betrayed by
+the strong features, large nose, wide head and firmly set jaws and
+lips.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Does the mouth indicate as much character as the nose?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Yes, the character is written on every feature. You see that lady on
+the second row of seats, back of our pug-nosed specimen? When she
+smiles, her upper lip curls up on one side, and when her countenance is
+at rest, her upper teeth are slightly exposed. That is the sign of
+approbativeness, love<span class="num" title="Page 132">&nbsp;</span><a name="p132" id="p132"></a>
+ of applause, compliments, desire to attract
+attention, etc. You can see the same element of character in the fact
+that she inclines her head to one side nearly all the time. Her costume
+is almost loud. Her voice certainly is, for we have heard it at this
+distance several times.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Approbativeness is not a very desirable element of character, then.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;That depends upon perversion. In the present instance it is turned to
+bad account. The young lady is admirably adapted to the stage, and if
+she would adopt that profession the very faculty of approbativeness
+would be her most powerful stimulus in ambition to excel.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Approbativeness is often mistaken for self-esteem. Do you see that
+gentleman coming down the middle aisle? From his walk you would suppose
+he owned most of Dallas. He displays a good deal of jewelry and is
+evidently &lsquo;stuck on himself,&rsquo; as the boys say. He is a well-known lawyer
+of very moderate talent, and the fact is that self-esteem is very low in
+his organization, as he is very deficient in dignity. That aggressive
+display is an effort on his part to supply a deficiency of which he is
+painfully conscious.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;His wife, who accompanies him, is very modest and apparently
+unassuming in demeanor, but she has plenty of self-esteem and firmness,
+and the result is that she is the controlling member of the firm. If it
+were not for her large benevolence and suavity, which makes her a very
+agreeable woman, he would be<span class="num" title="Page 133">&nbsp;</span><a name="p133" id="p133"></a>
+ badly henpecked. As it is, she uses more
+tact than force, but he obeys implicitly, nevertheless.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;What benefits do you claim, Professor, to result from the practice of
+phrenology as applied to matrimony?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Simply the results of knowledge and observation in any direction. If
+parties will walk into matrimony blindly, without observing or
+attempting to discover the signs of character, the result is likely to
+prove disastrous. It is the old story of &lsquo;buying a pig in a poke,&rsquo; to
+use an ancient Irish expression. In matrimony, as in everything else,
+the best plan is to make your transaction with your eyes open, and if
+your eyes are not sufficiently educated to discern the signs of human
+character, then to avail yourself of professional skill, as you would do
+in every other department of life.&rdquo;</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="people" id="people"></a>SOME PEOPLE YOU MEET.</h3>
+
+<p class="center">[From the Atlanta (<abbr title="Georgia">Ga.</abbr>) <cite>Constitution</cite>.]</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Is that my picture, or that of the Three-Dollar Shoe Man, you&#8217;re
+studying so carefully?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>The speaker was a large, fine-looking specimen of American manhood, who
+walked into <cite>The Constitution</cite> office yesterday.</p>
+
+<p>A splendid head, placed firmly upon a Grover Cleveland neck, silken,
+sandy mustache, and side<span class="num" title="Page 134">&nbsp;</span><a name="p134" id="p134"></a>
+ whiskers cut on the William H. Vanderbilt
+pattern, and piercing blue eyes, which seemed to look straight through
+you&mdash;these were the striking features of a rather striking face.</p>
+
+<p>Then he introduced himself. It was Professor William Windsor, LL.B.,
+&ldquo;phrenologist and anthropologist.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;I have been an active practitioner in my line,&rdquo; said the Professor, in
+answer to a question, &ldquo;for many years now. For some time before that I
+studied phrenology and practiced law, but in later years I have devoted
+all my time to the active practice of that which I have now made my
+profession. This is the first time I have been to Atlanta, though I am
+very much of a Southerner. I was born in Kentucky, and my father was a
+Virginian. He made a fortune on the Mississippi during the war, and
+after that was over he left the river and moved to Wisconsin, where I
+was educated. I graduated in law at the University of Wisconsin; but as
+I lived several years in Texas, I consider that I am very much of a
+Southerner.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;And as to phrenology?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;I love it. There is so much to it&mdash;so much more than many people
+imagine. Of course, I am working for money, but above and beyond that is
+the desire to do good to my fellow-men. How? Why, nobody has a better
+opportunity of doing good than a conscientious phrenologist, for he can
+look into a man&#8217;s character, into the inmost recesses of his heart, as
+it were.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 135">&nbsp;</span><a name="p135" id="p135"></a>
+&ldquo;Is there anything in palmistry?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Oh, yes. There is no reason why character should not be read in any
+feature. It can be read, I have no doubt, in the feet as well as in the
+head and the hands, but the trouble would be in getting comparisons. You
+couldn&#8217;t very well ask every man you meet to pull off his shoes, that
+you might study his feet, but every man studies the character of his
+neighbor as he reads it in his face. He may say he doesn&#8217;t believe in
+phrenology, but, unconsciously, perhaps, he practices it.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;You spoke of doing good. Can you give me an instance?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Hundreds of them, I am happy to say. By pointing out to people their
+faults and how to correct them, I know I have done good. This year I was
+out in Pueblo, <abbr title="Colorado">Colo.</abbr>, where I had been three years ago. While there, a
+young man called on me, and brought with him his wife. Upon my last
+visit I had examined him, and had pointed out several things to him. One
+was that he was too cautious. He is a young business man, and is one of
+those fellows who are always afraid to take risks. I told him of this,
+and then, at his request, told him of the sort of young lady he should
+marry. Well, he found the girl and married her, and he told me he could
+point out where he had made seven thousand dollars by following my
+advice as to risks. That is only one instance; but I believe I have done
+much good.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;And anthropology?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 136">&nbsp;</span><a name="p136" id="p136"></a>
+&ldquo;That means the study of human nature. In its application it includes
+man in all his physical, mental and social conditions. Phrenology is the
+science of the mind&mdash;mental philosophy; anthropology is the science of
+man&mdash;human philosophy. I contend that to the proper understanding of
+these great subjects we must look for the solution of all social
+problems.&rdquo;</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="ancient_skulls" id="ancient_skulls"></a><span class="num" title="Page 137">&nbsp;</span><a name="p137" id="p137"></a>
+STUDY IN ANCIENT SKULLS.</h3>
+
+<p class="section">What a Specialist in Cranial Architecture Can Read&mdash;The Skulls of
+the Cliff Dwellers<a name="anchor" id="anchor"></a><a href="#Footnote" class="fnanchor">[*]</a> Viewed by the Light of Science and Tapers.</p>
+
+<p class="center">[Denver (<abbr title="Colorado">Col.</abbr>) <cite>Republican</cite>.]</p>
+
+<p>At one of his lectures last week at Warren&#8217;s Academy, Professor William
+Windsor, LL.&nbsp;B., delineated the character of a skull submitted to him by
+one of the audience. The Professor recognized it instantly as that of
+one of the Cliff Dwellers, and proceeded to give a description of the
+individual to whom the skull belonged. A <cite>Republican</cite> representative who
+was present, called on Professor <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber&#8217;s note: Original read &lsquo;Winsdor&rsquo;.">Windsor</ins> at the Brunswick
+yesterday.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The Cliff Dwellers,&rdquo; said Professor Windsor, &ldquo;present a most
+interesting study to the anthropologist. I have examined the collection
+of relics on Larimer street, and I have here the skull I examined
+Tuesday evening, as well as two others kindly loaned to me by the
+proprietors of that collection.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 138">&nbsp;</span><a name="p138" id="p138"></a>
+&ldquo;Can you tell anything of the mental characteristics of the wearers of
+these skulls, Professor?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Oh, yes,&rdquo; said the phrenologist, smiling. &ldquo;The skull is an absolute
+index of the character, and, as long as it holds together, is a better
+monument than &lsquo;storied urn or animated bust&rsquo; to those who have the skill
+to read it. The skulls of these Cliff Dwellers furnish us with much more
+accurate information than the other relics, concerning their habits and
+character.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;For example, one of their striking peculiarities is a decided talent
+for music. Nearly every skull in the collection shows it. After I had
+remarked this fact to the proprietor of the exhibit, Mr. McLoyd, showed
+me a very well-preserved fragment of a flute which is in the collection.
+The skulls of these people, however, bear a more eloquent testimonial to
+their musical genius than this fragment of their musical instrument.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The peculiar form of the Cliff Dweller&#8217;s skull is produced by some
+custom of the tribe in binding the infant upon a board or other
+substance. This is proved by the fact that the flatness of the back head
+is uniformly at the same angle, and that the upper tables of the skull
+give evidence of abnormal pressure. There is also in this collection one
+skull which is an exception, and shows exactly the development we would
+expect to find in a normal form when such pressure was not applied. The
+skull is that of a young female, and in outline it is strikingly like
+that<span class="num" title="Page 139">&nbsp;</span><a name="p139" id="p139"></a>
+ of the ordinary Caucasian skull. In fact, I would pronounce it a
+Caucasian skull were it not for the structure of the superior maxillary
+bone, which shows a radical departure from the type of either of the
+five present races. The Cliff Dwellers are more like the Caucasian than
+the Indian, and more like the Hindoo than either. That they possessed a
+higher order of intellect than any Indian tribe of which we have
+knowledge does not admit of doubt.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The most striking peculiarity of these skulls is their delicate and yet
+strong quality. The grain or texture of the bone is much more delicate
+and fine than the average of Caucasian skulls that belong to the
+uneducated classes. The illumination of the skull discloses some
+interesting facts. It is well known to phrenologists that the skull is
+thinner in those regions that are most constantly used in the mental
+habits of the individual. The illumination of the skulls of these two
+youths (here Professor Windsor inserted a lighted taper in each)
+discloses a nearly uniform thinness of the entire skull, showing that
+they exercised all the faculties of the mind. The skull of this old
+warrior, however, presents a different appearance under the same test.
+You will notice that the illumination is confined to that portion of the
+skull lying around the base of the brain, and running highest in the
+forehead. The conclusion to be drawn from this is that the individual
+who once wore this skull was a man of very practical intellect. The
+perceptive organs, the knowing and reasoning faculties, executive
+ability<span class="num" title="Page 140">&nbsp;</span><a name="p140" id="p140"></a>
+ and the social organs of amativeness and friendship,
+particularly the latter, are all bright and particularly well developed.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The abnormal width of the Cliff Dweller&#8217;s skull through the middle
+section, and the massive, dome-like forehead, is due in a measure to the
+crowding forward of the brain from the pressure which produced the
+flattening of the occiput. Any normal head with such a development would
+show a thinness of the bone in that region, whereas the opacity of the
+warrior&#8217;s skull is remarkable in that region. If we may take the skull
+of this female, which has not been subjected to this pressure, as a type
+of the race, we are justified in considering the Cliff Dwellers as a
+people remarkably agreeable in traits of character. All the domestic
+propensities which form the basis of the family relation, the love of
+offspring, of friends and neighbors, are remarkably well developed.
+There is a magnificent moral influence shown in the development of
+conscientiousness, approbativeness and caution. The latter organ is so
+large as to suggest cowardice, but these people undoubtedly lived in an
+age when circumspection and eternal vigilance was the price of existence
+as well as of liberty.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;I notice that the writer of the article on the Cliff Dwellers in last
+<cite>Sunday&#8217;s Republican</cite> makes the statement that they apparently had
+neither literature nor religion. He bases his assertions on the fact
+that he does not find altars or writings among their possessions. But
+appearances are against him. They<span class="num" title="Page 141">&nbsp;</span><a name="p141" id="p141"></a>
+ apparently had both, from the
+structure of their skulls. The Cliff Dweller is largely endowed with the
+artistic and constructive organs of the brain with an unlimited capacity
+for invention and designing. Savage races far below him in these
+qualities have literature, and it is unreasonable to suppose that having
+these qualities both large and active, he did not use them. As to his
+religion, the single exception to the uniform opacity of the warrior&#8217;s
+skull above mentioned in the crown of the head is in the organ of
+veneration. He did not have enough of spirituality and faith to supply a
+Methodist camp meeting, but he undoubtedly reverenced the Great Spirit
+and invoked the patronage of the god which he could comprehend. The
+other two skulls show as good a development of the religious organs as
+you will find in a general average of any Sunday-school in Denver. The
+Cliff Dwellers were undoubtedly religious.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;In physical structure the Cliff Dweller presents a greater variety than
+is found in any race except the Caucasian. Their warriors were
+undoubtedly men of great endurance and strong physique with a good size
+of body. There were also among them types of character delicate in the
+extreme and possessing but little endurance. As a race they depended on
+prudence rather than strength for safety. They were shrewd, circumspect
+and diplomatic. In complexion they were darker than the Caucasian and
+much lighter than the American Indian. In diet they were<span class="num" title="Page 142">&nbsp;</span><a name="p142" id="p142"></a>
+ almost if not
+quite exclusively graminivorous, living on grain and eating that raw.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;How do you tell that? Professor,&rdquo; asked the scribe. &ldquo;Isn&#8217;t that getting
+things down very fine for so long a lapse of time?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Oh, no; just look at the teeth of all these skulls and you will see
+that they are worn&mdash;even these young skulls which have not developed the
+wisdom teeth have the molars half worn away. The canine teeth are almost
+rudimentary in these skulls&mdash;in the carnivorous races of men they are
+very large. The condition of these teeth could only be produced by such
+a diet. If the Cliff Dweller had subsisted to any extent on meat or had
+eaten his grain cooked, he would not have worn the teeth one-quarter as
+much at the age of these younger skulls. Moreover, he did not use
+tobacco, which also leaves its mark on the skull, in the deterioration
+of certain organs of the brain, which, to the credit of the Cliff
+Dwellers, are well developed.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;If it is true that&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0" style="text-indent:-2.4em;">&lsquo;The evil that men do lives after them,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The good is oft interred with their bones&mdash;&rsquo;<br /></span>
+</div></blockquote>
+
+<p style="text-indent:0;">it is equally true, that by resurrecting the bones we may read the
+history of both the evil and the good.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote" id="Footnote"></a>*<strong class="smcap">Note.</strong>&mdash;The &ldquo;Cliff Dwellers&rdquo; is a name given to an ancient
+aboriginal race who once inhabited the mountain fastnesses of the Rocky
+Mountains in Colorado. They had their homes in caverns of almost
+inaccessible cliffs, and undoubtedly possessed an advanced state of
+civilization, as evidenced from the pottery, implements, musical
+instruments, etc., found in the ruins of their homes, as well as what is
+indicated by the skulls described in this interview. Their dwellings
+exhibit remarkable constructiveness in the inmates, and in many
+instances a high power of decorative art.</p>
+<p class="return"><a href="#anchor">[Return to text.]</a></p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="grady" id="grady"></a><span class="num" title="Page 143">&nbsp;</span><a name="p143" id="p143"></a>
+A PHRENOLOGICAL STUDY.</h3>
+
+<p class="section">Henry W. Grady&#8217;s Character Analyzed by an Expert. What a Study of
+the Mask and of Photograph Shows&mdash;His Wonderful Brain and its
+Wonderful Capacity. </p>
+
+<p class="center"><cite>Atlanta Constitution.</cite></p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Yes, I have given the character of Henry W. Grady considerable study,
+as I do in the case of all men who attract public attention by their
+graces, gifts and accomplishments, or by the lack of those attributes.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>The speaker was Professor William Windsor, LL.&nbsp;B., phrenologist and
+anthropologist, whose lectures last week at the Guard&#8217;s armory
+interested the people of Atlanta in the study of human character.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Mr. Grady has interested me ever since I first heard of him, and I had
+looked forward to meeting him personally here in Atlanta this winter,
+ever since my route was mapped out for the season. I feel a sense of
+personal bereavement in his death, for his characteristics were as
+vividly impressed upon my mind by the study I had made of the man as
+others experience from personal contact.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Perhaps you can tell us something of the character of Mr. Grady as
+viewed from the standpoint of your science that will be interesting,
+Professor,&rdquo; suggested a representative of <cite class="smcap">The Constitution</cite>, and the<span class="num" title="Page 144">&nbsp;</span><a name="p144" id="p144"></a>
+party of interested gentlemen drew more closely around the philosopher.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Yes, indeed,&rdquo; answered Professor Windsor, &ldquo;but to me the contemplation
+of the character of Mr. Grady, at this time, is too much like viewing
+the wreck of a grand ship which was freighted with a precious cargo, and
+trying to estimate the loss. There isn&#8217;t much comfort in it, except in
+the fact that a correct estimate of the virtues and accomplishments of
+such a man, at a time when the community is still shocked at the
+calamity of his demise, is a powerful incentive to emulation on the part
+of other and younger men.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;From the phrenological standpoint Mr. Grady&#8217;s characteristics present
+an interesting study, while his known accomplishments are a wonderful
+confirmation of the correctness of the theory upon which we estimate
+mental power, namely, that size of brain is the measure of power, when
+temperament, quality and health of body are sufficient to support the
+brain. Comprehensive greatness is never manifested by a small brain. I
+have been placed in possession of very accurate measurements of Mr.
+Grady&#8217;s head through the courtesy of Mr. Frazee, the Atlanta
+<ins class="corr" title="Transcriber&#8217;s note: Original read &lsquo;sculpter&rsquo;.">sculptor</ins> who has a cast of the face and forehead made from the body
+of Mr. Grady, and hence strictly correct in dimensions. I have also had
+the benefit of numerous photographs, in which the phrenological features
+are distinctly preserved.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Mr. Grady possessed a strong endowment of the<span class="num" title="Page 145">&nbsp;</span><a name="p145" id="p145"></a>
+ magnetic temperament
+which gives a strong circulation of blood and a great activity of
+mentality. His height and weight show him to have had sufficient
+vitality to sustain his brain, and there was just enough of the electric
+temperament in him to darken his eyes and hair and give him intensity of
+feeling and action. His quality was exceedingly responsive and delicate,
+and these attributes are necessary to the class of orators to which he
+belonged.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The size of his brain compares favorably with what is known of other
+intellectual giants, as the following measurements will demonstrate. The
+actual circumference of the head around the base of the brain was
+twenty-four inches. The measurement from ear to ear over the top of the
+head fifteen and a half inches, while the forehead measures from ear to
+ear over the perceptives twelve and a half inches, and from the same
+points over the region of sympathy fourteen inches. The massing of the
+intellect, it will be seen, was in the upper portion of the forehead;
+and that region shows a remarkable development of benevolence, suavity,
+causality, comparison and imitation.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The most remarkable development, however, is in the organ of
+constructiveness, which gives a lateral expansion to the forehead which
+is almost enormous. This faculty is necessary to the correlation of
+thoughts and ideas, the construction of sentences and the formation of
+schemes and plans. As an inventor, Mr. Grady was superb, and his large
+sympathy would<span class="num" title="Page 146">&nbsp;</span><a name="p146" id="p146"></a>
+ naturally lead him to the invention of social plans and
+philanthropic enterprises rather than machinery.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;His large language is indicated by the fullness under the eye. The
+phrenological organ of language lies above and behind the eye, and when
+large presses the eyeball forward and downward causing a fullness or
+sack under the eye which is very prominent in Mr. Grady&#8217;s portraits. In
+the power and scope of this feature he had more development than either
+Webster or Ingersoll.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;His large suavity enabled him to use his language in a way that pleased
+even his antagonists. Mr. Grady was emphatically combative, as shown by
+full development behind and between the ears, where the cast measures
+six inches in diameter, but it was the combativeness which showed itself
+in force and energy rather than contention. His combativeness was
+harnessed to his suavity, and he could be forcible and at the same time
+persuasive.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;These qualities were re-inforced by remarkable firmness, as shown by
+the measurement over the top of the head, where the development is a
+half-inch in excess of that of Daniel Webster, and a quarter inch above
+that of Napoleon Bonaparte. This characteristic is also shown in the
+projection forward of the lower lip, caused by habitual compression in
+the exercise of this faculty.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;In this connection, it is interesting to note a comparison of Mr.
+Grady&#8217;s head with the measurement of other noted personages. Here is a
+table<span class="num" title="Page 147">&nbsp;</span><a name="p147" id="p147"></a>
+ which I have compiled, and which you will find entertaining,&rdquo;
+continued the phrenologist, as he unfolded a paper with the figures
+herewith reproduced:</p>
+
+<table class="borders" summary="Table giving the head measurements of six famous people, and showing them to be larger than average.">
+<tr>
+  <th class="center" style="border:1px solid black;" scope="col">NAME.</th>
+  <th style="border:1px solid black;" scope="col" abbr="Base.">Size around<br />the head at<br />base of brain.</th>
+  <th style="border:1px solid black;" scope="col" abbr="Top.">Size from ear<br />to ear over top<br />of head at organ<br />of firmness.</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <th scope="row">Henry W. Grady</th>
+  <td><abbr title="24 inches">24&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; in.</abbr></td>
+  <td><abbr title="15 and a half inches">15&frac12; in.</abbr></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <th scope="row">Henry Clay</th>
+  <td><abbr title="23 and a quarter inches">23&frac14; "</abbr></td>
+  <td><abbr title="14 and three-quarters inches">14&frac34; "</abbr></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <th scope="row">Daniel Webster</th>
+  <td><abbr title="25 inches">25&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; "</abbr></td>
+  <td><abbr title="15 inches">15&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; "</abbr></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <th scope="row">John Quincy Adams</th>
+  <td><abbr title="22 and a half inches">22&frac12; "</abbr></td>
+  <td><abbr title="15 inches">15&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; "</abbr></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <th scope="row">Thomas H. Benton</th>
+  <td><abbr title="23 inches">23&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; "</abbr></td>
+  <td><abbr title="15 inches">15&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; "</abbr></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <th scope="row">Napoleon Bonaparte</th>
+  <td><abbr title="23 and a half inches">23&frac12; "</abbr></td>
+  <td><abbr title="15 and a quarter inches">15&frac14; "</abbr></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <th scope="row">Average</th>
+  <td style="border:1px solid black;"><abbr title="23 and a half inches">23&frac12; in.</abbr></td>
+  <td style="border:1px solid black;"><abbr title="15 inches">15&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; in.</abbr></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <th scope="row">Average of human race</th>
+  <td><abbr title="21 inches">21&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; in.</abbr></td>
+  <td><abbr title="14 inches">14&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; in.</abbr></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>&ldquo;From these figures,&rdquo; continued Professor Windsor, &ldquo;we may draw a
+melancholy conclusion of the power Mr. Grady might have exhibited had he
+lived to ripen into perfect development. It will be seen at once that
+only one of these distinguished characters had the advantage of him in
+size of brain at the base, and that is Daniel Webster, whose character
+was more remarkable for ponderous greatness than brilliancy, and Mr.
+Grady&#8217;s head rises a half inch higher than his in the moral region.
+Between the two measurements there is a comparative difference of one
+and a half inches, in the heads of Webster and Grady.<span class="num" title="Page 148">&nbsp;</span><a name="p148" id="p148"></a>
+ That inch and a
+half marks the difference between the debauched sensuality of the &lsquo;Lion
+of the North&rsquo; and the moral graces of the &lsquo;Apostle of the New South.&rsquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The extra inch in the basilar circumference of the head of Daniel
+Webster was due to an enormous development of social propensities which
+in his case carried him beyond a correct balance and resulted in
+notorious licentiousness, because there was not enough of the moral
+sentiments in the crown of the head to control them. Mr. Grady&#8217;s head,
+on the other hand, was not remarkable in the development of these
+propensities. He had enough of amativeness to give him a proper
+appreciation of women and the delights of sociability, but his love
+manifested itself more through the intellect than the passions, and his
+social nature was of that diffusive character which <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber&#8217;s note: Original read &lsquo;manfests&rsquo;.">manifests</ins> itself
+in the formation of popular attachment rather than exclusive
+friendships. There are many men undoubtedly to-day who pride themselves
+on being among the intimate friends of the deceased who would be
+surprised to know how many others have reason to entertain the same
+feeling. When the social propensities are larger than Mr. Grady&#8217;s, the
+possessor is likely to form such exclusive attachments that the energies
+are expended in promoting the interests of individuals rather than those
+of the masses.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;From your view of the nature of the man, Professor, what would you
+consider Mr. Grady&#8217;s chief fault?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 149">&nbsp;</span><a name="p149" id="p149"></a>
+&ldquo;The lack of self-esteem. That organ is one of the smallest in the whole
+line of development, and was, unquestionably, his weakness, as it is
+unfortunately of too many of our best men. He did not comprehend his own
+importance, nor realize the value of his own personality. This defect is
+directly chargeable with his illness and death. Had he possessed a
+larger development of this organ, he would have been more cautious
+concerning his health and personal exposure. There is a kind of
+unselfish extravagance in this direction which leads to deplorable
+results. A more selfish nature will husband its strength and escape
+calamity. Had he realized his own value sufficiently, he would not have
+gone to Boston on that fatal trip, and overtaxed his vitality. He did
+not comprehend the dignity of his character on any occasion. His friends
+say that he was as genial and approachable as a school boy, and that is
+what I should expect to find in a head like his. We might have contented
+ourselves, however, with a more distant manner and a more haughty
+nature, for the sake of his self-preservation.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;There is profit in the study of human nature. We may contemplate the
+characters of the great to arouse emulation, of the moderately endowed
+to suggest improvement, and of the weak to guard against their failures.
+Phrenology enables us to form correct estimates in each case, to praise
+without flattery and to criticise without injustice. There is value in
+the perpetuation of the physical forms of the illustrious dead<span class="num" title="Page 150">&nbsp;</span><a name="p150" id="p150"></a>
+ upon
+&lsquo;storied urn and animated bust,&rsquo; as well as in polished granite and
+enduring marble. For while these monuments cannot</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>&lsquo;Back to its mansion call the fleeting breath,&rsquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p style="text-indent:0;">still the inspired features and lines of development bear eloquent
+testimony to the practicability of human improvement, just as</p>
+
+<blockquote class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">&lsquo;Lives of great men all remind us,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">We can make our lives sublime;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, departing, leave behind us,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Footprints in the sands of time.&rsquo;&rdquo;<br /></span>
+</div></blockquote>
+
+
+<h3><a name="hawes" id="hawes"></a>WAS HAWES INSANE?</h3>
+
+<p class="section">A Scientist&#8217;s Theory of a Most Atrocious Crime&mdash;What Professor
+Windsor Says of Hawes&#8217; Mental Peculiarities&mdash;Insanity Which the
+Courts Will Soon Recognize. </p>
+
+<p class="center">[From the Birmingham (<abbr title="Alabama">Ala.</abbr>) <cite>Age-Herald</cite>.]</p>
+
+<p><abbr title="Professor">Prof.</abbr> William Windsor, LL.&nbsp;B., the noted specialist in phrenology and
+medical jurisprudence, was seen by an <cite>Age-Herald</cite> reporter at the
+Caldwell hotel last night, and in answer to interrogatories, made a
+number of interesting statements concerning the Hawes tragedy.</p>
+
+<p>Professor Windsor has had many years of experience as an expert in the
+study of insanity in its various phases, and particularly in reference
+to crimes<span class="num" title="Page 151">&nbsp;</span><a name="p151" id="p151"></a>
+ and their origin. He enjoys a national reputation in his
+special lines of study, and his conclusions have the weight of
+scientific authority.</p>
+
+<p>In regard to the subject of discussion, he said: &ldquo;I have been greatly
+interested in the case of Dick Hawes ever since the publication of the
+tragedy, and have made an exhaustive study, both of the man and the
+circumstances of the case. Of course, in the mass of conflicting
+statements contained in the evidence, it is impossible to know with
+definite certainty just how the crime was committed; but the confessions
+of Hawes and the testimony all agree that the man deliberately planned
+and executed the murder of his family. Whether he had the bloody work
+done or accomplished it with his own hands does not concern us so much
+as the fact that motives and impulses existed in the mind of a husband
+and father for the destruction of the lives of those he was bound to
+protect, and that those impulses were sufficiently strong to accomplish
+the execution of the crime.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The study of the origin of these motives and impulses are highly
+interesting, in view of the fact that they point to conditions of
+society that are potent for the breeding of similar crimes.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;To my mind the key-note to the whole case is found in one of the
+remarks made by Hawes while standing on the gallows, to-wit: &lsquo;I want all
+you boys to let liquor and vile women alone; see what it has done for
+me.&rsquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;A careful phrenological estimate of Dick Hawes<span class="num" title="Page 152">&nbsp;</span><a name="p152" id="p152"></a>
+ discloses the fact that
+he was above an average in appearance, physique and mentality. His brain
+is massive and of good quality, though uncultivated. It is not lacking
+in the organs of benevolence, sympathy and agreeableness; in reason,
+perception or reflection. He had sufficient caution and
+conscientiousness to understand right and wrong, and the consequences of
+both. There was enough of the affections and social qualities to make
+him very attractive to women and children, as his history fully shows,
+all of which is fully shown by the fact that he discharged the duties of
+a responsible position for years, and commanded a reasonable degree of
+respect. Such men do not commit crime while in a normal condition. It is
+as physically impossible as it is for water to run up hill.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;When the domestic relations of such men are blasted by association with
+prostitutes or by the unchastity of their own wives, a species of
+insanity results, which completely reverses the ego or personality of
+the man. I have observed hundreds of such cases, and have never seen an
+exception to the rule. In scientific parlance his condition is known as
+&lsquo;reversed amativeness,&rsquo; or a revolution of character, brought about by
+an inflamed or abnormal condition of amativeness, the organ of sexual
+love. As in a normal state this organ electrifies and strengthens every
+natural affection, making every faculty more exquisitely perfect, so in
+its inflamed or reversed state it leads to the entire obliteration of
+every rational sentiment.</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 153">&nbsp;</span><a name="p153" id="p153"></a>
+&ldquo;The particular direction in which this obliteration may manifest itself
+depends largely on the temperament of the individual and the
+circumstances of the case. In some men it results in paralysis of the
+energies, changing the character into shiftlessness. In other cases it
+results in destroying the moral sense, but does not amount to positive
+viciousness, while on the other hand it may result as it unquestionably
+did in this case, in absolutely perverting the affections so as to
+render the man incapable of the natural feelings of a husband and
+father, and supplying motives which seem to be of the most inhuman
+character. They are inhuman and unnatural, but in such cases it is not
+correct to hold the man as responsible for the deplorable results unless
+it is clearly proved that the mental unbalance was brought about by his
+own acts, performed in a state of conscious free will. The law clearly
+recognizes that the drunken man is insane, and holds him responsible for
+his acts committed while drunk, if he became drunk through his own
+volition. If the liquor is proved to have been forced down his throat or
+he has been drugged by some one else and his mental balance dethroned
+thereby, he is not responsible.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;It is a very nice question to decide in this Hawes case whether the
+depraved condition alluded to was the result of his own acts or of his
+domestic troubles. There is no doubt in my mind but that the species of
+insanity referred to, existed in the mind of Hawes at the time of the
+tragedy.</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 154">&nbsp;</span><a name="p154" id="p154"></a>
+&ldquo;It is a principle in medical jurisprudence that the more atrocious the
+crime the stronger is the presumption of insanity in the perpetrator. It
+is a fact wholly creditable to human nature that horrible crimes are
+rarely, if ever, committed by persons in a normal state of existence.
+The popular mind is not prepared to receive evidence of insanity in such
+cases because of the revengeful feeling which naturally animates the
+minds of men under such circumstances. And there is another difficulty
+in the way of justice in the fact that this form of insanity is rarely
+accompanied by such evidences of mania as the uninstructed would demand
+as necessary to constitute insanity. The perverted state of the
+affections and the judgment are not necessarily accompanied by the wild
+ravings and glassy eyes of the lunatic. Emotional insanity of this type
+is only temporary. It may, also, only affect a few faculties of the mind
+necessary to the perpetration of the deed, while the mental balance of
+nine-tenths of the man may remain undisturbed.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The great fact remains, in any case, that by harlotry, licentiousness
+and prostitution the grandest intellects are overturned and the most
+harrowing discords produced in society. As long as society tolerates
+conditions of ignorance in regard to sexuality, and fosters or permits
+establishments having for their avowed purpose the excitement of the
+passions and the obliteration of the virtues, we will continue to have
+repetitions of tragedies similar to the case of Hawes.&rdquo;</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="living_heads" id="living_heads"></a><span class="num" title="Page 155">&nbsp;</span><a name="p155" id="p155"></a>
+HOW LIVING HEADS AND DEAD SKULLS ARE MEASURED.</h3>
+
+<p class="section">An Interview With <abbr title="Professor">Prof.</abbr> William Windsor, LL.&nbsp;B., the
+Distinguished Phrenologist, Lecturer and Traveler. </p>
+
+<p class="center">[From the Memphis (<abbr title="Tennessee">Tenn.</abbr>) <cite>Appeal</cite>.]</p>
+
+<p>For several years the citizens of Memphis have not had an opportunity to
+hear a discussion of the principles of the science of phrenology, or
+character reading. The announcement in yesterday&#8217;s <cite>Appeal</cite> of the
+series of entertainments to be given in the Young Men&#8217;s Hebrew
+Association Hall, by <abbr title="Professor">Prof.</abbr> <abbr title="William">Wm.</abbr> Windsor, LL.&nbsp;B., beginning to-night,
+prompted a reporter to call at the Gayoso hotel last night, and send his
+card to the Professor. He was cordially received by the Professor&#8217;s
+wife, <abbr title="Madame">Mme.</abbr> Lilla D. Windsor, a lady of elegant presence and charming
+affability of manner, in their private parlors on the first floor, and
+agreeably entertained until the Professor dismissed several who had
+called for professional services.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The science of phrenology,&rdquo; said Professor Windsor, smiling, after the
+usual greetings and upon learning the object of the visit, &ldquo;is very much
+misunderstood. It is a popular error to suppose that we depend upon an
+examination of depressions and ridges in the cranium, commonly termed
+&lsquo;bumps,&rsquo; when, in fact, a phrenological examination is based upon a
+critical inspection of the entire physiological structure and condition,
+including comparative development of size<span class="num" title="Page 156">&nbsp;</span><a name="p156" id="p156"></a>
+ and configuration of brain,
+as I shall demonstrate in the lectures.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Come this way,&rdquo; said the Professor, leading to another apartment where
+a uniformed employ&eacute; was engaged in unpacking several enormous trunks.
+&ldquo;Look at these skulls. Here is the skull of a man executed at forty
+years of age who murdered a family of six persons in Mississippi in
+1842. Contrast it with this skull of a harmless old negress who died at
+the comfortable age of 108, and you will see how much difference there
+is in heads,&rdquo; and the phrenologist demonstrated by actual measurement
+that there was over four inches difference in comparative development.
+He also exhibited to the reporter a number of other crania showing equal
+diversity of growth.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;I shall exhibit these crania at the free lectures and demonstrate the
+scientific principle upon which phrenology rests,&rdquo; continued the
+Professor, as he conducted the reporter through an inspection of the
+outfit. &ldquo;Here are the three smallest mummies in the world, besides many
+other specimens which I use in my physiological lectures to the sexes
+separately. I also use a number of portraits and diagrams in my lectures
+on matrimony and physiognomy; but the real demonstration, of the utility
+of the work is made in public examinations of leading citizens selected
+by the audience. It is a fact that character can be read, and read
+correctly, and if this be true, all that I claim for the science in
+adapting young men, women and children to proper studies, professions,
+trades, etc., follows<span class="num" title="Page 157">&nbsp;</span><a name="p157" id="p157"></a>
+ logically and as a matter of course. It also
+follows that if one character can be measured scientifically, a proper
+choice for associates in matrimony, business partnerships, etc., can be
+indicated. It is the purpose of the lectures to demonstrate these facts
+to the satisfaction of the public.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The first lecture will be devoted to an exposition of scientific
+principles, the second to the application of these principles in choice
+of professions and trades, the third to the consideration of matrimony.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;What shade of meaning do you attach to the word &lsquo;anthropologist&rsquo; as
+used by you, Professor?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The word signifies, in its broadest sense, a student of human nature.
+In its application it includes man in all his physical, mental and
+social conditions. Phrenology is the science of the mind&mdash;mental
+philosophy. Anthropology is the science of man&mdash;human philosophy. To the
+proper understanding of these great subjects we must look for the
+solution of all social problems, concerning the mental, moral and
+physical advancement of the race, or races, as the case may be.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>A pleasant half hour was devoted to conversation, when the reporter
+withdrew. Professor Windsor is a gentleman of genial social qualities,
+and scholarly in language and appearance. He possesses a magnificent
+physique, which he claims to have gained by a strict conformity to his
+rules of diet and habits of living. He weighs 200 pounds, uses no
+stimulants&mdash;tea, coffee or tobacco&mdash;and prides himself on being able to<span class="num" title="Page 158">&nbsp;</span><a name="p158" id="p158"></a>
+sustain fifteen hours per day of professional labor, made necessary by
+his large practice and business management. He has just closed a
+successful course of twenty-seven consecutive lectures in Kansas City,
+and does not seem in the least fatigued. The Kansas City <cite>Star</cite>, in
+referring to his closing lecture, speaks of it as one of the finest ever
+delivered in that metropolis.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="crime" id="crime"></a>CRIME AND ITS CAUSES.</h3>
+
+<p class="section">What a Noted Specialist Has to Say of It&mdash;Cranial Malformation
+the Genesis of Much Crime Traced to Other Sources&mdash;An Interesting
+Talk. </p>
+
+<p class="center">[From the Birmingham (<abbr title="Alabama">Ala.</abbr>) <cite>Age-Herald</cite>.]</p>
+
+<p><abbr title="Professor">Prof.</abbr> William Windsor, of New York, is in the city. He has a reputation
+that is almost international in his specialty; for, as a phrenologist,
+his discussion of the physical conditions which lead to crimes, have had
+a wide notoriety.</p>
+
+<p>Chatting with an <cite>Age-Herald</cite> reporter last night, he gave a most
+interesting and instructive talk on the noted crimes that have occurred
+during the past ten years. Professor Windsor has studied most of the
+criminals that have become prominent, and in a purely scientific way he
+has gone back of the outward evidences of criminal depravity to
+understand the physical and possibly hereditary conditions that brought
+about the overt acts. His fund of information on this subject is almost
+an inexhaustible one.</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 159">&nbsp;</span><a name="p159" id="p159"></a>
+In discussing the Maxwell murder, he said: &ldquo;I was in Texas at the time
+of the <abbr title="Saint">St.</abbr> Louis tragedy. A friend of mine sent me a picture of the
+alleged murderer, with a request that I give my theory of the crime.
+Like many newspaper cuts, it was decidedly unsatisfactory; but the man
+who made it had caught enough of the likeness to enable me to know the
+chief characteristics of Maxwell.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Explaining the disadvantages under which I labored, I at once wrote to
+him, and gave my theory of the crime; and when, at last, the matter came
+out, I found that I was right.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Do you study every criminal case that comes under your observation?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Of course I do. A man who is alive to science can not help doing it.
+Whenever I hear of a crime and learn the circumstances of its
+commission, I at once begin to devote my own mind to the combination of
+mental qualities which could have rendered it possible. Of course it is
+impossible to understand how some of the terrible acts could have been
+committed; but you would be <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber&#8217;s note: Original illegible; this word guessed.">surprised</ins> to know how much is
+revealed by seeing either the man or a good portion of him.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The mental characteristics of criminals have much to do with not only
+the crimes they commit, but the manner in which they perpetrate their
+deeds, and in a consideration of what has been accomplished, heredity
+plays a strong part. Some men are born with an adeptness for crime of a
+certain character.<span class="num" title="Page 160">&nbsp;</span><a name="p160" id="p160"></a>
+ Let the opportunity arise, and they yield to the
+stress of circumstance and become guilty men. I have seen a number of
+noted criminals who would not have been such, except for the unfortunate
+circumstances that made them do an act which left them notorious.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;How about these bank cashiers who keep skipping off to Canada?&rdquo; was
+asked.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Well, there is one singular fact about them. The men who leave seldom
+have acquisitiveness well developed. They have not a sense of values,
+and when they are put in positions of trust, they fail to appreciate how
+much is entrusted to them.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Then they go to squandering?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Yes, in one way that is true. They fail to appreciate their
+responsibilities and take chances. Their carelessness soon tells, and
+before they know it they are involved. This is the story of more than
+half the defalcations that have been made public during the past decade.
+It is not that the men were dishonest to begin with, but they did not
+appreciate the value of the securities that were entrusted to them, and
+by their laxity allowed themselves to become involved, and then yielded
+to temptation through a sense of shame. There are not nearly as many men
+who are criminals <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">per se</i> as the world believes.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Many of the criminals so called are not responsible for their acts.
+Their apparent moral obliquity is, in reality, a mental deficiency, for
+which they are not any more to blame than you or I. I have seen men who
+had been guilty&mdash;yes, even convicted of most<span class="num" title="Page 161">&nbsp;</span><a name="p161" id="p161"></a>
+ heinous crimes, who from
+the very conformation of their heads revealed certain things that, to
+say the least, should have been considered in mitigation of their
+supposed guilt.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;I have made a study of criminals for years, and I think that it is safe
+to say that in most cases that have come under my observation there were
+either congenital or hereditary deformities to which the special
+obliquity could be traced. Such has been the history of crimes in all
+eras, and one only has to turn to the medical history of the world to
+see that scientific men have even given greater cognizance to these
+causes than can ever be brought before juries composed of men whose
+training has not been such as to enable them to appreciate how much
+these physical conditions have to do with the commission of crime.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;I see men every day who would be criminals if the stress of
+circumstances forced them to it, and they would not be entirely
+responsible for their action. Crime has more origin in the head than the
+heart, and it is in the study of phrenology that we have the fact
+revealed.&rdquo;</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="anschlag" id="anschlag"></a><span class="num" title="Page 162">&nbsp;</span><a name="p162" id="p162"></a>
+A MURDERER&#8217;S MENTALITY.</h3>
+
+<p class="small">Fritz Anschlag, a German Farmer in Los Angeles county,
+California, in 1888 murdered Charles Hitchcock and wife, a highly
+respected couple living at Garden Grove in that county, to obtain
+possession of their farm, for which a deed had been executed to
+him, but not delivered, awaiting payment. He was tried,
+convicted, and sentenced to hang, but defeated the law by
+committing suicide. An interesting feature of his case was the
+receipt of a letter from his sister in Germany, before his trial,
+informing him of the fact that she, his parents and all his
+relatives had utterly disowned him and regarded him with no
+sympathy whatever. As this was done before he was proven guilty,
+and upon mere knowledge of the accusation, it is significant in
+showing that the whole family were as deficient in the social
+propensities as was Anschlag himself. </p>
+
+
+<h4>DOOMED ANSCHLAG.</h4>
+
+<p class="hang">A Phrenologist Examines the Murderer&#8217;s Head.&mdash;The Brute Becomes
+Angry at His Visitors, But Says Nothing&mdash;A Report of the
+Examination. </p>
+
+<p class="center">[From the Los Angeles (<abbr title="California">Cal.</abbr>) <cite>Express</cite>.]</p>
+
+<p>This morning, through the kindness of Jailor Henry Russell, an <cite>Express</cite>
+reporter was allowed to enter the cell of Fritz Anschlag, the condemned
+murderer of Charles Hitchcock and wife, of Garden Grove, to witness an
+examination of Anschlag&#8217;s head by <abbr title="Professor">Prof.</abbr> William Windsor, assisted by his
+wife. Jailor Russell swung open the iron door of the death-watch cell
+and allowed the reporter and the Professor, accompanied by his wife, to
+enter, and then followed himself.</p>
+
+<p>As the little party entered the place of confinement, Anschlag looked
+nervously around, and seeing<span class="num" title="Page 163">&nbsp;</span><a name="p163" id="p163"></a>
+ the visitors, frowned and mumbled some
+incoherent words in German. The reporter was asked to speak to the
+murderer in German and make known to him the object of the morning&#8217;s
+visit. Anschlag at first was not willing to have his head examined, but
+when assured it might be for his benefit, he readily consented.</p>
+
+<p>Professor Windsor smoothed back Anschlag&#8217;s long straight hair from his
+forehead and running his fingers through the murderer&#8217;s hair, began to
+make an examination.</p>
+
+<p>As the professor was going through the preliminary movements, the brute
+trembled and turned color several times. During the examination
+Professor Windsor would explain as he went along, and when finished,
+kindly gave the reporter the following written report:</p>
+
+<p>Anschlag&#8217;s head measures twenty-two inches around the base of the brain
+and fourteen inches across the crown. His nature is peculiar in the fact
+that the organs of the brain which deal with property values, and the
+ability to make a living by ordinary transactions, are almost entirely
+idiotic. He shows a fair development of memory and perception, but his
+ability to reason upon moral questions of right and wrong, property and
+the rights of others, and the consequences of his own acts, is almost
+absolutely wanting. He is, in all respects, a moral idiot, and it is a
+noteworthy fact that the most atrocious crimes are committed by this
+class of criminal idiots. The<span class="num" title="Page 164">&nbsp;</span><a name="p164" id="p164"></a>
+ great difficulty in his case is in
+getting the public or a jury to believe that a man may be capable of
+reasoning on one point and displaying absolutely no power to think
+correctly on the moral side of the question. The physical fact remains,
+however, that to give Anschlag correct judgment on any question
+involving property, ethics or the consequences of his own acts to
+himself or others, his head would have to be enlarged at least an inch
+in the occipital region and the posterior part of the crown.</p>
+
+
+<h4>ANSCHLAG&#8217;S MENTALITY.</h4>
+
+<p class="hang">A Scientific Estimate of the Murderer&#8217;s Brain&mdash;What <abbr title="Professor">Prof.</abbr> William
+Windsor, LL.&nbsp;B., the Eminent Phrenologist, Says of his Mental
+Caliber&mdash;He Calls Him an Idiot&mdash;No More Moral Sense Than a
+Dog&mdash;The Fault His Ancestors&#8217;. </p>
+
+<p class="center">[From the Los Angeles (<abbr title="California">Cal.</abbr>) <cite>Tribune</cite>].</p>
+
+<p><abbr title="Professor">Prof.</abbr> William Windsor, LL.&nbsp;B., the phrenologist whose lectures, in Los
+Angeles, last January, excited such general interest, returned to the
+city yesterday, <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">en route</i> for San Diego. He visited the jail yesterday
+and made an examination of Fritz Anschlag, the noted murderer of the Mr.
+and Mrs. Hitchcock. A representative of the <cite>Tribune</cite> called on
+Professor Windsor at the <abbr title="Saint">St.</abbr> Elmo and requested him to give the readers
+of this journal the results of his examination of the man whose
+atrocious crime has<span class="num" title="Page 165">&nbsp;</span><a name="p165" id="p165"></a>
+ absorbed the attention of the public ever since its
+committal.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Anschlag is a moral idiot,&rdquo; said Professor Windsor, in answer to the
+first interrogatory of the scribe. &ldquo;He belongs to a class of beings who,
+from the circumstances of birth and education, are destitute of the
+requisite amount of sense necessary to form a correct judgment on moral
+questions as well as many others.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;It is a popular error to suppose that phrenology depends upon &lsquo;bumps,&rsquo;
+so called, or protuberances or hollows in the conformation of the skull.
+The conclusions of the phrenologist are based upon estimates of brain
+fiber, their quality and length from a point in the base of the brain
+directly between the ears, to the surface. This measurement in different
+heads will show a comparative difference of three or four inches in many
+cases, though the heads may be smooth in contour and destitute of
+&lsquo;bumps.&rsquo; Just look at these two skulls, for instance,&rdquo; placing two
+ghastly objects on the table, which, by actual measurement, differed
+more than three inches.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Does Anschlag&#8217;s head resemble either of these?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Not in all particulars. This,&rdquo; holding up the broader of the two, &ldquo;is
+the skull of Andrew J. McCannon, executed in Mississippi, more than
+forty years ago, for the murder of the Adock family, two adults and
+three children. It is a case of moral idiocy more pronounced than
+Anschlag&#8217;s.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;What distinction do you make, Professor, in the<span class="num" title="Page 166">&nbsp;</span><a name="p166" id="p166"></a>
+ case of Anschlag or
+this murderer, and a case of total idiocy such as we all recognize?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The difference is partly in degree, and partly in the fact that a man
+may be idiotic in one faculty and have all or a majority of the other
+faculties in the mind in good working order. Cases of color-blindness
+furnish a familiar example. Color-blindness is not a defect of the eye,
+but a defect of the brain. In other words, the party is destitute of the
+sense of color, and it may be readily detected by a deficiency of brain
+just above the eye.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;This head of McCannon shows a good development of the base of the
+brain, giving fine energies and observation, but the entire upper story
+is taken away. Anschlag, on the other hand, shows a good development in
+front of the ears, sufficient memory, sympathy and observation to
+display more than average intelligence on some points. The organs in the
+back part of the crown and the occipital region generally, are almost
+destitute of power, and render him incapable of comprehending social
+relations, his duties towards others, or the consequences of his acts.
+He can not form a correct judgment in regard to the rights of property,
+and if he wanted anything he would steal it, without giving a thought to
+the question of right or wrong. If he were questioned whether it were
+right or wrong to steal or murder, he would answer &lsquo;wrong,&rsquo; because he
+has heard others say it was wrong, and he answers from memory alone. If
+the question could be left entirely to his own judgment,<span class="num" title="Page 167">&nbsp;</span><a name="p167" id="p167"></a>
+ he would be as
+absolutely incapable of solving it as a man who is color-blind would be
+incapable of distinguishing shades of color.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;If Anschlag&#8217;s head was as deficient in all points as he is in the
+region behind the ears, what would be the result?&rdquo; inquired the
+reporter.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;It would be much the same as this,&rdquo; replied the phrenologist, producing
+a cast of the head of an adult idiot &ldquo;destitute of all resemblance to
+the head of a human being, and showing a short development of brain
+fiber at all points. It is a noteworthy fact that the most revolting
+crimes are generally committed by the insane and the morally idiotic
+because their condition renders them incapable of understanding the
+moral side of the question. A single life or a dozen lives which stand
+in the way of their accomplishing a purpose, are regarded by them as
+simply so many obstacles to be overcome, and if, as in Anschlag&#8217;s case,
+the organs giving conscientiousness and fear of consequences are weak,
+they will not hesitate to destroy life to carry out a design.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Do you consider Anschlag insane within the meaning of the law as to
+responsibility for crime?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;He is idiotic in the particulars mentioned, and is incapable of
+exercising moral responsibility in any case. He is likely to commit
+homicide upon any occasion which may seem to him to be expedient. I
+would not hold him responsible more than I would hold a horse, dog, or
+any other animal incapable of correct reason.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 168">&nbsp;</span><a name="p168" id="p168"></a>
+&ldquo;Where, then, would you fix the responsibility for the murder of the
+victims?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Upon Anschlag&#8217;s parents and ancestors generally, and upon the condition
+of society which permits marriages and sexual conditions in parents
+which can not bring about other than deplorable results. Anschlag&#8217;s
+condition is the result of ignorant violation of natural law on the part
+of his ancestors, dating back for generations. Much could have been done
+for him by a proper education. That it was not done is merely another
+unfortunate link in a melancholy chain of calamities.&rdquo;</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="politics" id="politics"></a>PHRENOLOGY IN POLITICS.</h3>
+
+<p class="section">Some Important Facts in Physiology Which Politicians Do not Take
+into Account&mdash;The Lessons of the Recent Election Considered From
+a Phrenological Standpoint&mdash;Characteristics of Some Leading Men. </p>
+
+<p class="center">[From the Dallas (Texas) <cite>News</cite>, Nov. 10, 1888.]</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;There are some facts which play an important part in politics,&rdquo; said
+<abbr title="Professor">Prof.</abbr> <abbr title="William">Wm.</abbr> Windsor, the phrenologist, to a <cite>News</cite> representative last
+night after the professor had dismissed his audience in Hill&#8217;s business
+college hall after an interesting lecture on physiognomy, &ldquo;which
+politicians, as a rule, do not consider. Of course any man of
+intelligence who plays long at the game of politics comes to possess a
+certain kind of shrewdness in judging human nature; but very few<span class="num" title="Page 169">&nbsp;</span><a name="p169" id="p169"></a>
+ of
+them are able to recognize and define the subtile constitutional
+influences which predetermine the success or failure of the aspirant for
+political honors. Such influences, however, exist, and other things
+being equal, or approximately so, it is entirely possible to select, out
+of a number of candidates, the ones who will succeed by sheer force of
+physical attributes. There are men who are by nature qualified to lead
+in great enterprises, and they owe their success in attracting the
+support of their followers not so much to the development of intellect
+and shrewdness as to the strong attachment arising from a large
+development of the brain back of the ears in those regions which give
+courage and social fraternity. After many years&#8217; careful study of the
+subject, I am positive in the opinion that a strong preponderance of the
+electric temperament is of the greatest importance in the constitutional
+qualifications of a man who assumes the task of a political race in
+anything of higher moment than a county election. The magnetic
+temperament seems to be particularly unfortunate in political contests.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;What are the distinguishing characteristics of these temperaments?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The electric is the brunette, the magnetic is the blonde. Of the
+former, General Harrison is a fine example; so were his ancestors, who
+have played a conspicuous part in history. The electric temperament is
+dark and swarthy in complexion, angular in configuration, tenacious and
+strong in texture, and possesses a well-rounded back head, giving large<span class="num" title="Page 170">&nbsp;</span><a name="p170" id="p170"></a>
+organs of social fraternity, courage, caution and self-reliance. In
+General Harrison, these traits are somewhat softened by a superabundant
+vitality, but the traits are all there. John A. Logan was a magnificent
+type of this temperament. Abraham Lincoln personified it in all its
+angularity and simplicity. Governor Ross, of this State, is strongly
+marked with it; while, to come nearer home, your own Barney Gibbs is as
+good an example of the vital phase of it as Lincoln was of the motive.
+Nearly all the Presidents of the United States were strongly endowed
+with this temperament, except Rutherford B. Hayes, who, on the contrary,
+was a fine example of the magnetic. You will remember that he was a sort
+of accidental President, anyhow, and that he was the result of a
+compromise in his own party, in a convention in which several electric
+temperament candidates had produced a deadlock. You will also remember
+that his administration was characterized by no act of National
+importance and that at its close he was relegated to an obscurity such
+as has never befallen any other ex-President.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;How about the National legislature?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Three-fourths of the members of Congress and a greater proportion of
+the Senate are brunettes. The same rule holds good in State legislatures
+as far as I have observed. The temperament which stands second best in
+political preferment is the magnetic mental. Sam J. Tilden, Levi P.
+Morton and Thomas A. Hendricks represent this type. It owes<span class="num" title="Page 171">&nbsp;</span><a name="p171" id="p171"></a>
+ its success
+to the depth and intensity of its intellectual development, which
+frequently creates a demand for its services in great emergencies. It is
+characterized by brilliancy, integrity and the ability to accumulate a
+barrel of money, which is also useful in political emergencies.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;If the blonde is a failure in politics, wherein does he find his proper
+sphere of usefulness?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The blonde is an organization of wonderful versatility and commands
+influence and wins applause in vocations calling for spirit and vigor
+displayed at short and frequent intervals, rather than for continued
+tension on the nerves and muscles. He is warm, enthusiastic, generous,
+impulsive, and deficient in the selfish propensities and in ambition. He
+loves display and would like to have power, but is inadequate to the
+continued effort and the endurance necessary to obtain it. He wields a
+more potent influence in the pulpit, on the rostrum or in journalism.
+George W. Peck, T. DeWitt Talmage and R.&nbsp;B. Hayes represent three
+different types of this temperament all possessing these attributes.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;What about Cleveland and Blaine?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Cleveland and Blaine are both examples of modified forms of the
+<strong>Magnetic</strong> temperament, more marked in Blaine&#8217;s case than in Cleveland&#8217;s.
+The student of politics will do well to observe that the defeat of
+Blaine in 1884 and of Cleveland in 1888 were both due to defections from
+their own ranks toward opponents of greater power in the particulars
+mentioned.<span class="num" title="Page 172">&nbsp;</span><a name="p172" id="p172"></a>
+ Reasoning from purely physiological grounds, I believe
+Cleveland would have defeated Blaine had he been renominated in 1888.
+The study of human nature from any standpoint is interesting; doubly so
+when viewed in the light of great events which &lsquo;try men&#8217;s souls,&rsquo; in
+fact, whether they be Presidential elections, the clash of armies or the
+great discoveries of scientific students.<span class="num" title="Page 173">&nbsp;</span><a name="p173" id="p173"></a>
+&rdquo;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/22symbol.png" width="300" height="391" alt="Head labelled with the &lsquo;Faculties of Intelligence&rsquo; (which follow) and an illustration of each (unclear)." title="" />
+<p class="caption"><a href="images/22symbol-large.png">Larger image</a>.</p>
+<p class="caption sf">PHRENOLOGY SYMBOLIZED.</p>
+<p class="caption sf">Copyright, 1895<abbr title="onwards">&ndash;</abbr><br />
+BY
+<br />
+<abbr title="Professor">PROF.</abbr> <abbr title="WILLIAM">WM.</abbr> WINDSOR, LL.&nbsp;B., Ph.&nbsp;D.</p>
+<p class="caption">
+The Symbolical Phrenological Head, Showing the Location of the organs of
+the Brain.</p>
+<a class="toclink" href="#CONTENTS">&larr;Contents</a>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 280px;">
+<img src="images/23groups.png" width="280" height="330" alt="Head divided into 6 sections: Sympathy, Dignity, Subjective, Objective, Energy, Love." title="" />
+<p class="caption">GROUPS OF ORGANS.</p>
+</div>
+
+<h2><span class="num" title="Page 174">&nbsp;</span><a name="p174" id="p174"></a><a name="definitions" id="definitions"></a>
+DEFINITIONS OF THE FACULTIES OF INTELLIGENCE.</h2>
+
+<ul class="definitions">
+<li>PHYSICAL LOVE.
+<dl>
+<dt>Amativeness&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Reproductive love; love of the opposite sex, and desire
+to unite in sexual relations and enjoy its company.</dd>
+
+<dt>Sexuality&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Sexual friendship and fidelity.</dd>
+
+<dt><span class="num" title="Page 175">&nbsp;</span><a name="p175" id="p175"></a>
+Philoprogenitiveness&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Parental love; love of offspring and pets.</dd>
+
+<dt>Friendship&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Adhesiveness; gregariousness; love of family; desire for
+companionship; attachment to friends.</dd>
+
+<dt>Inhabitiveness&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Love of home, place of abode; love of country and
+offensive and defensive patriotism.</dd>
+
+<dt>Continuity&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>The faculty of connection. The ability to comprehend
+continuousness or interruption; to give undivided and continued
+attention to one subject, or to interrupt intelligently; application,
+connectedness.</dd>
+</dl></li>
+
+<li>ENERGY.
+<dl>
+<dt>Vitativeness&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>The love of life; desire to exist.</dd>
+
+<dt>Combativeness&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Defense; courage; defiance; force of character, energy
+and indignation.</dd>
+
+<dt>Executiveness&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Executive ability; extermination; thoroughness and
+severity.</dd>
+
+<dt>Alternativeness&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Desire for food and drink; faculty of discriminating
+taste.</dd>
+
+<dt>Acquisitiveness&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Desire for property; industry; economy in acquiring
+property; realization of value.</dd>
+
+<dt>Secretiveness&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Reserve; concealment; policy; conservatism.</dd>
+
+<dt>Caution&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Prudence; solicitude; timidity; fear; apprehension of
+danger.</dd>
+</dl></li>
+
+<li><span class="num" title="Page 176">&nbsp;</span><a name="p176" id="p176"></a>
+DIGNITY.
+<dl>
+<dt>Approbativeness&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Love of display; the desire to please; ambition to
+gain admiration and popularity.</dd>
+
+<dt>Self-esteem&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Dignity; governing power; independence; self-love.</dd>
+
+<dt>Firmness&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Stability; perseverance; decision; inflexibility of purpose.</dd>
+
+<dt>Justice&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Righteousness; integrity; circumspection; scrupulousness in
+matters of duty.</dd>
+</dl></li>
+
+<li>SYMPATHY.
+<dl>
+<dt>Hope&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Belief in future joy; tendency to high expectations.</dd>
+
+<dt>Faith&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Trust and belief. Confidence.</dd>
+
+<dt>Veneration&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Reverence and worship; deference for superiors, and
+submission to superior power.</dd>
+
+<dt>Benevolence&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>The desire to do good; sympathy; philanthropy.</dd>
+
+<dt>Imitation&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>The copying faculty. The ability to conform to existing
+customs, conditions and facts by imitating them.</dd>
+
+<dt>Sympathy&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>The power to discern motives, character and qualities in
+other persons by sympathetic action.</dd>
+
+<dt>Suavity&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Agreeableness; tendency to speak and act in a pleasant
+manner.</dd>
+</dl></li>
+
+<li><span class="num" title="Page 177">&nbsp;</span><a name="p177" id="p177"></a>
+OBJECTIVE INTELLECT.
+<dl>
+<dt>Individuality&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Observation and desire to see things, to identify and
+separate objects.</dd>
+
+<dt>Form&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Observation of the shape of things. Sensitiveness to correctness
+or the lack of it in shapes.</dd>
+
+<dt>Size&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Power to measure distances, quantities and sizes.</dd>
+
+<dt>Weight&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Perception of the effect of gravity, and sense of the
+perpendicular.</dd>
+
+<dt>Color&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>The discrimination of hues and colors.</dd>
+
+<dt>Order&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Faculty of arrangement; method; system; neatness.</dd>
+
+<dt>Number&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>The power to count, enumerate, reckon, etc.; faculty of
+calculation.</dd>
+
+<dt>Motion&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Ability to comprehend movement. Love of motion, sailing,
+navigation, riding, dancing, etc.</dd>
+
+<dt>Experience&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>The historic faculty; faculty of experience and
+occurrence.</dd>
+
+<dt>Locality&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Discernment of position, perception of place.</dd>
+
+<dt>Time&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Consciousness of duration; faculty of time, promptness.</dd>
+
+<dt>Tune&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Appreciation of sound; ability to distinguish musical tones.</dd>
+
+<dt>Constructiveness&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Dexterity and ingenuity; ability in construction;
+faculty of adjustment.</dd>
+
+<dt>Language&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Power of expression and ability to talk; verbal expression;
+vocabulary.</dd>
+</dl></li>
+
+<li><span class="num" title="Page 178">&nbsp;</span><a name="p178" id="p178"></a>
+SUBJECTIVE INTELLECT.
+<dl>
+<dt>Causality&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>The ability to comprehend principles, and to think
+abstractly; to understand the relation between cause and effect.</dd>
+
+<dt>Comparison&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>The analyzing, illustrating and comparing faculty.</dd>
+
+<dt>Ideality&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Love of the beautiful; desire for perfection, refinement.</dd>
+
+<dt>Sublimity&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Love of grandeur and the stupendous; appreciation of the
+terrific.</dd>
+
+<dt>Mirthfulness&mdash;</dt>
+<dd>Wit; humor; love of fun.</dd>
+</dl>
+<a class="toclink" href="#CONTENTS">&larr;Contents</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2><a name="exam" id="exam"></a>THE PHRENOLOGICAL EXAMINATION.</h2>
+
+<p>The Phrenological Examination is designed to show in an accurate and
+scientific manner the size and development of <em>Brain</em> of the person
+measured, and to furnish a basis upon which an accurate and reliable
+knowledge of the character may be determined. The measurements can only
+be correctly made by an expert familiar with the principles of
+<em>Phrenology</em>. When these measurements are determined according to the
+system, the Phrenologist is enabled to make a Complete Delineation of
+the character,<span class="num" title="Page 179">&nbsp;</span><a name="p179" id="p179"></a>
+ describing the amount and kind of sense possessed by the
+individual, his adaptation to a particular <em>Business, Trade or
+Profession</em>, where that kind and amount of Intelligence is required, the
+adaptation in <em>Matrimony or Business Partnership</em>, together with special
+directions as to faults and how to correct them, health and longevity
+and how to secure both. The expert must be able to judge the
+Physiological Condition, Temperament and Organic Quality of the
+individual with scientific accuracy, and these are important elements in
+a scientific delineation of character.</p>
+
+<p>Phrenological Examinations are said to be given <em>orally</em> when no record
+is made of the conclusions of the examiner. A Phrenological Chart is a
+blank prepared for concise written statements; and the chart filled out
+is said to constitute a Delineation of Character.</p>
+
+<p>Phrenometrical Measurements are given by means of the <em>Phrenometer</em>, an
+instrument used for measuring the head, by which the exact form and size
+of sections of the head can be reproduced upon diagrams prepared for the
+purpose. This is the most valuable and reliable way of making an
+examination.</p>
+
+<p>A phrenograph is a written description of the character of an
+individual, giving all the minute points and shadings of character in
+the language of the examiner, and its value depends upon the perspicuity
+and literary expression of the writer not less than upon his skill as a
+phrenologist.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<span class="num" title="Page 180">&nbsp;</span><a name="p180" id="p180"></a>
+<img src="images/24survey.png" width="500" height="537" alt="Man seated, another behind holding a contraption over his head; woman writing." title="" />
+<p class="caption"><abbr title="Professor">PROF.</abbr> WINDSOR&#8217;S ASSISTANTS MAKING A
+PHRENOMETRICAL SURVEY.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="num" title="Page 181">&nbsp;</span><a name="p181" id="p181"></a>
+It must be evident from the foregoing that the value of the service
+rendered by the phrenologist varies, as in all other professions,
+according to his education and training, the instruments with which he
+works, the elaborateness of the product and the adaptation of the
+phrenologist to his own business.</p>
+
+<p>The public should be warned against patronizing men who practice
+Phrenology in a way that would bring any business into ridicule. Men who
+are uneducated, who do not use the latest and best equipments, who have
+never had any professional training, who do not comprehend professional
+ethics or dignity, and who do not possess the elements of success in
+their own characters, are hardly the ones to whom an intelligent man
+would submit the most important questions concerning his own welfare
+with the hope of receiving competent advice. But Phrenology has been
+cursed with this class of quacks, perhaps even more than the profession
+of medicine. And it is largely due to the stupendous blunders of such
+pretenders that Phrenology is not recognized more generally by
+intelligent scientists. Considered in its beauty and simplicity, it
+certainly offers a more rational and practical system of mental
+philosophy than has ever been otherwise formulated.</p>
+
+
+<h3><span class="num" title="Page 182">&nbsp;</span><a name="p182" id="p182"></a><a name="examples" id="examples"></a>
+EXAMPLES OF PHRENOMETRICAL MEASUREMENTS.</h3>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width:500px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 222px;">
+<img src="images/fig1.png" width="222" height="275" alt="Outline of a skull viewed from below." title="" />
+<p class="caption"><abbr title="Figure" class="smcap">Fig.</abbr> 1. COMBATIVE.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 218px;">
+<img src="images/fig2.png" width="218" height="275" alt="Outline narrower than Figure 1." title="" />
+<p class="caption"><abbr title="Figure" class="smcap">Fig.</abbr> 2. NON-COMBATIVE.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p style="clear:both;">Sections of base of brain, showing development of physical energy. The
+dotted lines in <abbr title="Figure">Fig.</abbr>&nbsp;2 show the deficiency in alimentiveness,
+executiveness and combativeness.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width:500px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 228px;">
+<img src="images/fig3.png" width="228" height="157" alt="Outline of skull viewed from the left." title="" />
+<p class="caption"><abbr title="Figure" class="smcap">Fig.</abbr> 3. NON-SYMPATHETIC.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 234px;">
+<img src="images/fig4.png" width="234" height="157" alt="Outline more rounded at the front." title="" />
+<p class="caption"><abbr title="Figure" class="smcap">Fig.</abbr> 4. SYMPATHETIC.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<p style="clear:both;">Profile sections showing development of sympathy and dignity. The dotted
+line in <abbr title="Figure">Fig.</abbr>&nbsp;3 shows deficiency in Human Nature and Benevolence.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width:500px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 218px;">
+<img src="images/fig5.png" width="218" height="201" alt="Outline of skull viewed from the front." title="" />
+<p class="caption"><abbr title="Figure" class="smcap">Fig.</abbr> 5. MODERATE CAPACITY.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 226px;">
+<img src="images/fig6.png" width="226" height="201" alt="Outline much higher." title="" />
+<p class="caption"><abbr title="Figure" class="smcap">Fig.</abbr> 6. GREAT CAPACITY.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p style="clear:both;">Two sections of the region of subjective intellect, showing different
+capacities of two individuals.</p>
+
+
+<h3><span class="num" title="Page 183">&nbsp;</span><a name="p183" id="p183"></a><a name="photos" id="photos"></a>
+EXAMINATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS.</h3>
+
+<p>Phrenological examinations can be made from photographs with accuracy,
+provided the photograph is a correct likeness, and some additional
+information can be supplied. Owing to obvious difficulties, absolute
+correctness cannot be guaranteed, but the results are sufficiently
+valuable to justify the expedient wherever it is impossible to submit
+the living head.</p>
+
+<p>To obtain satisfactory results the photograph should be cabinet size,
+and should show the form of the head and face as plainly as possible.
+Very little can be told from a photograph when a hat is worn, or when
+the personality is covered with millinery, wigs, bangs, uniforms, etc.,
+etc.</p>
+
+<p>A plain photograph, showing a three-quarter view of the face, is best.
+Front views and profiles are valuable for some points and worthless for
+others. When it is possible, a three-quarter view, front and profile may
+all be submitted with good results.</p>
+
+<p>The forms of examinations and charts from photographs and prices charged
+for the service are the same as for the living subject, except that the
+Phrenometer measurements cannot be given from a photograph, and an oral
+examination cannot be given by mail.</p>
+
+<p>Persons who have already been examined by me and who hold certificates
+for Forms <abbr title="2">II</abbr>, <abbr title="3">III</abbr> or <abbr title="4">IV</abbr>, may have opinions on Business Partnership or
+Matrimony at one dollar for short opinions, and five dollars for the
+elaborate form.</p>
+
+<p>In all other cases prices are as follows:</p>
+
+<table summary="Price list of different phrenometrical assessments.">
+<tr>
+  <td>Business Chart and General Advice</td>
+  <td class="tdr0">$&nbsp;5&nbsp;00</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td>Business Chart and Adaptation in Matrimony</td>
+  <td class="tdr0">10&nbsp;00</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td>Adaptation in Matrimony only</td>
+  <td class="tdr0">5&nbsp;00</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td>Elaborate Phrenograph on all subjects</td>
+  <td class="tdr0">25&nbsp;00</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 209px;">
+<span class="num" title="Page 184">&nbsp;</span><a name="p184" id="p184"></a>
+<img src="images/25form.png" width="209" height="247" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<h4>Information Required.</h4>
+
+<p>Take the following measurements of the head: Pass a tape measure around
+the circumference of the base of the brain, passing just above the
+eyebrows and just above the ears. This is called the <em>basilar
+circumference</em>. Also measure the distance from the bottom of the orifice
+of one ear to the corresponding point of the other, over the top of the
+head at the highest point. This is called the <em>trans-coronal</em>
+measurement. Then copy and fill out the following blank, and submit with
+the photograph:</p>
+
+<p style="clear:both;" class="center"><big style="font-size:x-large;" title="Right-pointing finger.">&#9758;</big> Do not cut or mutilate this page.</p>
+
+<ul class="form">
+<li>
+  <p><span class="left">Name of original of photo.</span> &nbsp;</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+  <p><span class="left">Address.</span> &nbsp;</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+  <p><span class="left">Age.</span> &nbsp;
+    <span class="mid">Weight.</span>
+    <span class="mid">Height.</span></p>
+</li>
+<li>
+  <p><span class="left">Sex.</span> &nbsp;
+    <span class="mid">Color of hair.</span>
+    <span class="mid">Color of eyes.</span></p>
+</li>
+<li>
+  <p><span class="left">Basilar circumference of head</span> &nbsp;
+    <span class="right">inches.</span></p>
+</li>
+<li>
+  <p><span class="left">Trans-coronal measurement</span> &nbsp;
+    <span class="right">inches.</span></p>
+</li>
+<li>
+  <p><span class="left">Circumference of chest, lungs empty</span> &nbsp;
+    <span class="right">inches.</span></p>
+</li>
+<li>
+  <p><span class="left">Circumference of chest, lungs filled</span> &nbsp;
+    <span class="right">inches.</span></p>
+</li>
+<li>
+  <p><span class="left">Condition of health.</span> &nbsp;</p>
+    <p>&nbsp;</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+  <p><span class="left">Amount of education received.</span> &nbsp;</p>
+    <p>&nbsp;</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+  <p><span class="left">Present occupation.</span> &nbsp;</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+  <p><span class="left">Information most especially desired.</span> &nbsp;</p>
+    <p>&nbsp;</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+  <p><span class="left">Number of photographs enclosed.</span> &nbsp;</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+  <p><span class="left">To be returned to</span> &nbsp;</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+  <p><span class="left">(Write return address plainly).</span> &nbsp;</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+  <p><span class="left">Form of examination requested.</span> &nbsp;</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+  <p><span class="left">Fee enclosed, $</span> &nbsp;
+    <span class="mid">Stamps enclosed for return.</span></p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>When all the above points can be stated it is desirable that it should
+be done. When it is impossible to do so, the blanks may be filled out in
+part, and I will in all cases do the best that can be done with
+information at hand. Address all correspondence on this subject to</p>
+
+<p class="quotsig">
+DR. WILLIAM WINDSOR,<br />
+Box 66, <abbr title="Saint">St.</abbr> Paul, <abbr title="Minnesota">Minn.</abbr>
+<a class="toclink" href="#CONTENTS">&larr;Contents</a></p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h2><span class="num" title="Page 185">&nbsp;</span><a name="p185" id="p185"></a>
+<a name="THE_GRAND_TABLE_OF_VITOSOPHY" id="THE_GRAND_TABLE_OF_VITOSOPHY"></a>THE GRAND TABLE OF VITOSOPHY<br />
+and Supplementary Tables.</h2>
+
+<p>Printed in large type on heavy cardboard <abbr title="10 by 4">10&times;4</abbr> inches, suitable for
+hanging, containing four pages of valuable information as follows:</p>
+
+<ol class="off">
+<li><h3>PAGE <abbr title="1">I</abbr>.</h3>
+
+<p><strong>The Grand Table of Vitosophy</strong>, consisting of seven columns comprising the
+Conditions of Life, the Seven Senses, the Temperaments, the Vital
+Organs, the Functions, the Seven Virtues and the Elements of Happiness
+arranged in juxtaposition with notes and explanations. In two colors.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li><h3>PAGE <abbr title="2">II</abbr>.</h3>
+
+<p><strong>The Supplementary Tables of Vitosophy</strong>, comprising the Vital Organs and
+their Indicators, the table of Vices and Consequences. The table of
+Virtues, Results and Attributes, the table of Temperaments and Colors.
+The Vitosophical Symbols, their Significance and related colors with
+notes and explanations. Each Symbol on this page is painted by hand,
+giving its appropriate color.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li><h3>PAGE <abbr title="3">III</abbr>.</h3>
+
+<p>Contains a large Phrenological Head with names and Symbols of the
+Phrenological Areas and Names and Definitions of the corresponding
+Faculties of Intelligence. In two colors.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li><h3>PAGE <abbr title="4">IV</abbr>.</h3>
+
+<p><strong>The Vitosophist&#8217;s Creed.</strong> Beautifully printed in two colors in Old
+English Text and giving the seven articles of belief of the true
+vitosophist, expressing rationally his belief in and relation to the
+subjects of God, Life Eternal, Death, Immortality, Evil and Good, the
+forces of Nature, the practice of the Virtues and the attainment of
+Happiness. This is a work of Art and is worthy of a place of honor in
+the library, study or school room. Mailed flat, to any address, securely
+packed, postpaid. <strong>Price One Dollar.</strong></p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<p class="center"><strong>Address Dr. <abbr title="William">Wm.</abbr> Windsor, Box 66, <abbr title="Saint">St.</abbr> Paul, <abbr title="Minnesota">Minn.</abbr></strong></p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<div class="ad">
+<h2 style="font-size:250%; border:2px solid black; margin:1em; padding:0.1em;"><span class="num" title="Page 186">&nbsp;</span><a name="p186" id="p186"></a>
+<a name="EAT_SOME_SAND" id="EAT_SOME_SAND"></a>EAT SOME SAND!</h2>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+&ldquo;Let good digestion wait on
+appetite, and Health on both.&rdquo;</p>
+<p style="text-align:right;"><cite>Shakespeare</cite>.</p></blockquote>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width:500px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 165px; padding:10px; border:2px solid black;">
+<img src="images/26windsor.png" width="165" height="222" alt="" title="" />
+<p class="caption">Dr. <abbr title="William">Wm.</abbr> Windsor
+<br />
+&ldquo;THE SAND MAN&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figright">
+<h3>PURIFIED SAND</h3>
+
+<p class="center">FOR TABLE USE<br />
+Price per Pound 50 Cents<br />
+Prepared and Sold by<br />
+<br />
+<big>DR. WILLIAM WINDSOR</big>
+<br /><br />
+Box 66, <abbr title="Saint">St.</abbr> Paul, <abbr title="Minnesota">Minn.</abbr><br />
+583 Riverside Drive, New York<br />
+1426 Fourth Ave. Seattle, Wash.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<p style="clear:both;">The Fairy Tale of your youth described the &ldquo;Sand Man&rdquo; as the good spirit
+who brought sleep to your eye-lids. Dr. Windsor has brought restful
+sleep to thousands by producing a good digestion, without which perfect
+sleep is impossible.</p>
+
+<h4>DIRECTIONS</h4>
+
+<p>A Tablespoonful of Purified Sand taken after each meal promotes
+digestion, disinfects the Alimentary Canal, sweetens the Breath and
+positively cures Indigestion, Constipation, Chronic Diarrhoea, Summer
+Complaint and all disorders of the Stomach and Bowels.</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+This Sand is absolutely pure and<br />
+contains no medication whatever.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p style="text-indent:0;">Drink liberal quantities of pure water for best results.</p>
+</div>
+
+<h2><span class="num" title="Page 187">&nbsp;</span><a name="p187" id="p187"></a><a name="lessons" id="lessons"></a>
+THE VITOSOPHY CLUB LESSONS</h2>
+
+<p class="section">A Course of Instruction By Mail, Extending Over a Year of Time,
+Which Makes You Happy, Healthy and Prosperous. </p>
+
+<p>Hundreds of young men and women drag along in comparative poverty and
+uncongenial occupations and surroundings, because they have never
+learned how to get away from these conditions. Many others wonder why
+they never get ahead when they work so faithfully and try so hard. Often
+the reason of failure is found in some mild form of disease, so mild in
+fact that it escapes the notice of the sufferer himself. Sometimes it is
+a wrong personal habit, or some fault of dress or manner which
+continually destroys the possibility of success.</p>
+
+<p>For a quarter of a century Dr. William Windsor has been the friend and
+advisor of young men and women in the art of self-improvement. In
+hundreds of instances of which testimonials are on file, he has in one
+short interview, set a man on the path of success and a woman in the
+possession of happiness. He writes a great many long letters to
+individuals who lay the story of their lives and their struggles before
+him and solves many of their heart-breaking problems. THE VITOSOPHY CLUB
+LESSONS are the result of this large experience and are now for the
+first time presented in the form of a concise course of study in
+elegantly printed lessons, which are issued in monthly installments of
+from four to six lessons at a time&mdash;a year&#8217;s issue covering fifty-two
+lessons&mdash;one for each week of the year. Members of the Vitosophy Club
+make a practice of taking each lesson as a subject of thought and action
+for one week, carefully conforming conduct and observation to it for
+self-improvement and experiment, with wonderfully satisfactory results.</p>
+
+
+<h3><span class="num" title="Page 188">&nbsp;</span><a name="p188" id="p188"></a>
+LEARN TO READ CHARACTER.</h3>
+
+<p><strong>The Elementary and Ethical Lessons <abbr title="Numbers">Nos.</abbr> 1 to 27</strong>, constitute an excellent
+elementary instruction in the science of Vitosophy, embracing the basic
+principles of Genetics, Phrenology and Ethics, and enable the member to
+acquire a very comprehensive knowledge of the greatest of all
+educational subjects&mdash;Human Character.</p>
+
+<p><strong>The Health Lessons <abbr title="Numbers">Nos.</abbr> 28 to 39</strong>, cover all the essential instructions
+necessary to applying the Vitosophical principles of healing, enabling
+the member to keep himself in perfect Health, and extend his Knowledge
+to others who ignorantly suffer.</p>
+
+<p><strong>THE LESSONS ON PERSONAL HABITS</strong>
+inculcate the highest form of personal
+agreeableness and the conditions essential to success. Read the titles
+of <abbr title="Numbers">Nos.</abbr> 40 to 50 which speak for themselves.</p>
+
+<p>The two <strong>Financial Lessons</strong> at the close of the series contain information
+which has directly caused the financial success of many prosperous men
+and women who gratefully attest the value of Dr. Windsor&#8217;s advice and
+counsel.</p>
+
+<p>These Lessons must not be confounded with <strong>The Delineation of Character</strong>
+which is furnished by Dr. Windsor in his private interviews with
+individuals, or by mail from photographs, which is an entirely distinct
+service. You need the Delineation of your Character to show you your
+personal weak and strong points, your faults and how to correct them,
+talents and how to use them; your adaptation in Business, Marriage,
+Climate and Place of Residence, etc., all of which is based on your
+personal conditions. Then you should take the Vitosophy Club Lessons to
+learn the principles of the Science and how to apply them to yourself
+and others in reading character, healing diseases, and making yourself
+socially and financially successful.</p>
+
+<p>You can take the Delineation of Character without<span class="num" title="Page 189">&nbsp;</span><a name="p189" id="p189"></a>
+ the Lessons, or the
+Vitosophy Club Lessons without the Delineation, but you need both and
+both are essential to your health, your education, your financial
+success and your personal happiness.</p>
+
+
+<h3>LIST OF VITOSOPHY CLUB LESSONS</h3>
+
+<p>This splendid course of instruction is sold at <strong>Ten Dollars</strong>. Delineations
+of Character are given at various prices, according to what you require.</p>
+
+<ol class="off">
+<li><h4><abbr title="1">I</abbr>. Elementary and Ethical</h4>
+
+
+<ol>
+<li>Vitosophy&mdash;The Wise Way of Living.</li>
+<li>The Vitosophy Club.</li>
+<li>Phrenology.</li>
+<li>The Elements of Character.</li>
+<li>Explanation of the Symbolical Head.</li>
+<li>The Study of Temperament.</li>
+<li>How to use the Grand Table of Vitosophy.</li>
+<li>How to use the Supplementary Tables.</li>
+<li>How to Cure the Poverty Disease.</li>
+<li>The Cure of Catarrh.</li>
+<li>The Seven Symbols of Vitosophy.</li>
+<li>The Seven Commandments.</li>
+<li>The Vitosophist&#8217;s Creed.</li>
+<li>The Forty-nine Vitosophical Resolutions.</li>
+<li>Phrenology as an Element in Business Success.</li>
+<li>Vitosophical Education.</li>
+<li>Crimes, Criminals and Punishments.</li>
+<li>The Study of Justice.</li>
+<li>How Children are Developed into Criminals.</li>
+<li>Analysis of Love and Friendship.</li>
+<li>The Value of Song.</li>
+<li>Dancing as a Means of Physical and Mental Culture.</li>
+<li>Matrimony or the Selection of Companions.</li>
+<li>How to Improve Memory.</li>
+<li><span class="num" title="Page 190">&nbsp;</span><a name="p190" id="p190"></a>The Conquest of the Vices.</li>
+<li>The Individual Flavor.</li>
+<li>Companionship&mdash;The Central Fact in Life.</li>
+</ol></li>
+
+<li><h4><abbr title="2">II</abbr>. Health.</h4>
+
+<ol start="28">
+<li>How to be Healthy.</li>
+<li>The Current of Magnetism and How to Control It.</li>
+<li>Condensed Directions for the Practice of Vitosophy in all Forms of Disease.</li>
+<li>The Cure of Weak Nutrition.</li>
+<li>Letter to a Kentucky Editor Afflicted with Indigestion and Constipation.</li>
+<li>Letter to a Young Lady Supposed to be Afflicted with Tuberculosis.</li>
+<li>The Cure of Catarrhal Deafness.</li>
+<li>The Cure of Rheumatism.</li>
+<li>The Cure of Epilepsy, Fits or Convulsions.</li>
+<li>The Cure of Consumption.</li>
+<li>The Cure of Constipation in Infants.</li>
+<li>Why You Should Eat Sand.</li>
+</ol></li>
+
+<li><h4><abbr title="3">III</abbr>. Personal Habits.</h4>
+
+<ol start="40">
+<li>Keeping the Body Clean.</li>
+<li>The Art of Eating.</li>
+<li>The Art of Bathing.</li>
+<li>The Art of Sleeping.</li>
+<li>The Art of Drinking.</li>
+<li>The Art of Personal Agreeableness.</li>
+<li>Improvement of Personal Appearance.</li>
+<li>Improvement of Personal Manners.</li>
+<li>The Promotion of Comfort.</li>
+<li>The Harmony of Colors and Persons.</li>
+<li>The Care of the Nostrils.</li>
+</ol></li>
+
+<li><h4><abbr title="4">IV</abbr>. Financial.</h4>
+
+<ol start="51">
+<li>Vitosophical Rules for Business Success.</li>
+<li>The Secret of Salesmanship or Negative and Positive Dollars.</li>
+</ol></li>
+</ol>
+
+<p class="center"><strong>Address Dr. <abbr title="William">Wm.</abbr> Windsor, Box 66, <abbr title="Saint">St.</abbr> Paul, <abbr title="Minnesota">Minn.</abbr></strong></p>
+
+
+
+<div class="ad">
+
+<p class="section" style="border-bottom:thick double black; font-size:larger; padding:0.5em;">
+<span class="num" title="Page 191">&nbsp;</span><a name="p191" id="p191"></a>
+Just Published! <span style="margin-left:10em;">Send in Your Order!</span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="solution" id="solution"></a><small>The New Vitosophical Text Book</small>
+<br />
+<big>&ldquo;The Solution of the Problem<br />
+of Human Life&rdquo;<br /></big>
+<small>According To<br /></small>
+Vitosophy &ldquo;The Wise Way of Living&rdquo;<br />
+<small>By WILLIAM WINDSOR, LL.B., Ph.&nbsp;D.</small>
+</h2>
+
+<p>This new and attractive volume of about two hundred pages is a complete
+revision of the Elementary Text Book, formerly sold exclusively at Dr.
+Windsor&#8217;s Class Lectures, to which has been added the complete set of
+&ldquo;Vitosophical Health Lessons&rdquo; which have heretofore been sold at the
+regular price of ten dollars. The entire work has been reviewed and
+rearranged, and some parts of the Health Lessons entirely rewritten,
+bringing the subject matter fully abreast of the latest and best
+discoveries in the science. It is the design of this work to present a
+complete elementary instruction in the principles of Vitosophy,
+especially in its bearings on character study and health culture and the
+prevention and cure of all forms of disease that do not call for the
+services of a surgeon.</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+(SEE NEXT PAGE)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="ad">
+<h3 style="letter-spacing:0.2em;"><span class="num" title="Page 192">&nbsp;</span><a name="p192" id="p192"></a>
+<a name="TABLE_OF_CONTENTS" id="TABLE_OF_CONTENTS"></a>TABLE OF CONTENTS</h3>
+
+<ul>
+<li style="text-align:center;">PREFACE</li>
+
+<li>Chapter <abbr title="1">I</abbr>.&mdash;ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF VITOSOPHY, Definitions,
+Genetics, Phrenology, Ethics.
+<br />The Temperaments, Explanation of Electric, Magnetic, Alkali, Acid,
+Vital, Mental, Motive, Organic Quality.</li>
+
+<li>Chapter <abbr title="2">II</abbr>.&mdash;Definitions of the FACULTIES OF INTELLIGENCE.</li>
+
+<li>Chapter <abbr title="3">III</abbr>.&mdash;The Seven Conditions of Life. The EARTH and its
+Uses.</li>
+
+<li>Chapter <abbr title="4">IV</abbr>.&mdash;WATER, Rules for Drinking and Bathing.</li>
+
+<li>Chapter <abbr title="5">V</abbr>.&mdash;FOOD, The Vitosophical Law of Diet. Seven Rules for
+the Selection and Eating of Food.</li>
+
+<li>Chapter <abbr title="6">VI</abbr>.&mdash;COMPANIONSHIP, its uses and abuses.</li>
+
+<li>Chapter <abbr title="7">VII</abbr>.&mdash;MAGNETISM. Complete exposition of the Nature of
+Electricity and Magnetism according to the System of Genetics.</li>
+
+<li>Chapter <abbr title="8">VIII</abbr>.&mdash;AIR. Correct Principles of Ventilation.</li>
+
+<li>Chapter <abbr title="9">IX</abbr>.&mdash;LIBERTY. Seven Kinds of Liberty essential to
+Happiness.</li>
+
+<li>Chapter <abbr title="10">X</abbr>.&mdash;THE GIFT OF HEALING. A Complete Exposition of the
+Functions and their Derangements Causing Disease, and the
+Vitosophical Remedies.</li>
+
+<li>Chapter <abbr title="11">XI</abbr>.&mdash;NERVOUSNESS. Principal causes and the means of cure
+and inducement of Dreamless Sleep. Cure of Insomnia.</li>
+
+<li>Chapter <abbr title="12">XII</abbr>.&mdash;THE CURRENT OF MAGNETISM AND HOW TO CONTROL IT.
+Simple Rules for the treatment of all Diseases not requiring
+Surgery.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p class="section">Price $2.00 Postpaid</p>
+
+<p class="section">Address <big style="font-size:x-large;">Dr. <abbr title="William">Wm.</abbr> Windsor</big>
+<br />
+<big>Box 66
+<span style="margin-left:10em;">
+<abbr title="Saint">St.</abbr> Paul, <abbr title="Minnesota">Minn.</abbr></span></big></p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="ad">
+<span class="num" title="Page 193">&nbsp;</span><a name="p193" id="p193"></a><a name="two" id="two"></a>
+
+<p class="section"
+style="font-size:larger; border-bottom: thick double black; padding:0.5em;">
+<em>TWO COMPANION BOOKS</em></p>
+<p class="section" style="position:relative; bottom:2em; background-color:white; width: 12em; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; margin-bottom:0;">UNIFORM IN SIZE</p>
+
+<h2 style=" margin-top:0;"><big style="font-size:200%; font-weight:normal;">HAND BOOK<br /></big>
+<small><i>OF</i></small> Universal Information
+<br />
+<small>AND ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL RECIPES</small></h2>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 95px;">
+<img src="images/book1.png" width="95" height="150" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center"><strong>&ldquo;No home is complete without this book,&rdquo;</strong></p>
+
+<p>Is the opinion of thousands who have had occasion to use a few of the
+hundreds of recipes and information so essential to the housekeeper,
+farmer, mechanic, merchant, laborer and all others who wish to travel
+the road others have, to wealth and happiness. It reveals the secret
+processes of making patent medicines, inventions, and discoveries that
+have brought fortunes to their owners. Substantially bound in cloth.
+Price, <big><strong>$1.00</strong></big>.</p>
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top:0;">
+In paper cover, <big><strong>50<abbr title="cents">&cent;</abbr></strong></big>.<br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style="border-top: 2px solid black; border-bottom:2px solid black; height:2px; border-left: none; border-right:none; width:30%;" />
+
+<h2>DONOHUE&#8217;S <big>MANUAL</big>
+<br />
+<small><i>OF</i></small> General Information</h2>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 105px;">
+<img src="images/book2.png" width="105" height="153" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><strong>&ldquo;This book is worth its weight in gold.&rdquo;</strong></p>
+
+<p>This is the most compact, concise and complete handy manual of General
+Information ever published. It contains the latest census statistics,
+postal regulations, salaries of all government officials, valuable
+tables, and a vast fund of useful information found only in a hundred
+books, each costing more than we ask for this one. Substantially bound
+in cloth. Price, <big><strong>$1.00</strong></big>.</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+In paper cover <big><strong>50<abbr title="cents">&cent;</abbr></strong></big>.
+</p>
+
+<p style="clear:both;">For sale by all book and newsdealers or sent postpaid to any address in
+the United States, Canada or Mexico upon receipt of price in currency,
+postal or express money order.</p>
+
+<p class="section">
+M.&nbsp;A. DONOHUE &amp; CO.<br />
+701<abbr title="to">&ndash;</abbr>707 S DEARBORN STREET :: CHICAGO<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p class="section" style="border:medium solid black; margin:2em 0 1em 0;"><span class="num" title="Page 194">&nbsp;</span><a name="p194" id="p194"></a>
+<big>ALWAYS <i>ASK FOR THE</i> DONOHUE<br /></big>
+Complete Editions and you will get the best for the least money</p>
+
+<div class="ad"><a name="poultry" id="poultry"></a>
+<h2 style="font-size:200%;">THERE IS <big>MONEY<br />
+IN POULTRY</big></h2>
+
+<h3>AMERICAN STANDARD PERFECTION<br />
+POULTRY BOOK, <i>By</i> I.&nbsp;K. FELCH.</h3>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 149px;">
+<img src="images/book3.png" width="149" height="231" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/y.png" alt="Y" class="cap" width="45" height="50" />
+<p class="caplap2">Yet many old-fashion farmers are inclined to discredit the statement.
+Why? Because they are not up to the new and improved ideas in poultry
+management. A little trial of the rules laid down in these books will
+soon dispel all misgivings in this direction and tend to convince the
+most skeptical that there is money in poultry-keeping. It contains a
+complete description of all the varieties of fowls, including turkeys,
+ducks and geese.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>This book contains double the number of illustrations found in any
+similar work. It is the best and cheapest poultry book on the market.
+Paper covers, <strong>25<abbr title="cents">&cent;</abbr></strong>. Cloth, prepaid, <big><strong>50<abbr title="cents">&cent;</abbr></strong></big>.</p>
+
+<hr style="border-width: 2px 0 0 0; border-top: 2px solid black; width:100%;" />
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 184px;">
+<img src="images/book4.png" width="184" height="265" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<h3>POULTRY CULTURE<br />
+<i>By</i> I.&nbsp;K. FELCH.</h3>
+
+<p>How to raise, manage, mate and judge thoroughbred fowls, by I.&nbsp;K. Felch,
+the acknowledged authority on poultry matters. Thorough; comprehensive
+and complete treatise on all kinds of poultry. Cloth, 438 pages, large
+12mo, and over 70 full-page and other illustrations. Printed from clear
+type on good paper stamped on side and back from ornate, appropriate
+designs.</p>
+
+<p>Price, prepaid, <big><strong>$1.00</strong></big>.</p>
+
+<p>For sale by all book and newsdealers, or will send to any address in the
+United States, Canada or Mexico <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber&#8217;s note: Original illegible; these words guessed.">upon receipt</ins> of price, in currency,
+money order or stamps.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="">
+<div class="figleft" style="width:55%;">
+<p class="section" style="font-size:150%;">
+M.&nbsp;A. DONOHUE &amp; CO.
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class="figright" style="width:35%;">
+<p class="section">701<abbr title="to">&ndash;</abbr>727 S DEARBORN<br />
+STREET CHICAGO</p>
+</div></div>
+<hr style="visibility:hidden; margin:0;" />
+<a class="toclink" href="#CONTENTS">&larr;Contents</a></div>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HOW TO BECOME RICH***</p>
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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, How to Become Rich, by William Windsor
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: How to Become Rich
+       A Treatise on Phrenology, Choice of Professions and Matrimony
+
+
+Author: William Windsor
+
+
+
+Release Date: May 30, 2007  [eBook #21646]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII)
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HOW TO BECOME RICH***
+
+
+E-text prepared by Carl Hudkins, Laura Wisewell, and the Project Gutenberg
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team (https://www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
+      file which includes the original illustrations.
+      See 21646-h.htm or 21646-h.zip:
+      (https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/1/6/4/21646/21646-h/21646-h.htm)
+      or
+      (https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/1/6/4/21646/21646-h.zip)
+
+
+Transcriber’s note
+
+      Printer errors: A number of printer errors have been corrected. 
+      In addition, some punctuation errors have been corrected, but
+      inconsistent hyphenation has been left as in the original.
+
+      Table of Contents: The original had a Table of Contents only
+      for Part II (page 127), and it omits one of the sections.
+      For the reader’s convenience, a full Table of Contents has been
+      provided after the Preface.
+
+
+
+
+
+HOW TO BECOME RICH
+
+A Treatise on Phrenology
+Choice of Professions
+and
+Matrimony.
+
+by
+
+PROF. WILLIAM WINDSOR, LL. B., PH. D.
+
+Phrenologist and Anthropologist,
+
+Author of "Science of Creation," "Loma, a Citizen
+of Venus," Etc., Etc.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+_Brain is Money; Character is Capital; Knowledge of your Resources_
+_is the Secret of Success._
+
+
+
+Third Edition Revised.
+
+M. A. Donohue & Company
+Chicago        New York
+
+Copyright, 1898.
+by
+Prof. Wm. Windsor, LL. B.
+All Rights Reserved.
+
+Made in U. S. A.
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+The unremitting demand made by an indulgent and appreciative public for
+a printed edition of the lectures delivered by me in my professional
+capacity, has furnished the motive for the publication of the present
+edition, comprising the three most popular lectures of my usual course,
+to mixed audiences. The work has been prepared for the press hurriedly,
+while under the strain of enormous professional and personal
+responsibilities, and during the busiest season of a professional
+practice, which already imposes the burden of fifteen hours per day of
+incessant labor, which may account for any inaccuracies, typographical
+or otherwise, which may appear. My lectures on Sexual and Creative
+Science, delivered to the sexes separately, are now in course of
+preparation, and will be given to the public in similar form as soon as
+practicable.
+
+With the hope that this publication may serve to crystallize the
+doctrines I have so earnestly advocated in years past, and that they
+may, in this form, reach thousands who have not been able to come under
+my personal influence, in public lectures,
+
+    I am, fraternally,
+        WILLIAM WINDSOR.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: WILLIAM WINDSOR, LL. B., Ph. D.]
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+   Preface. 
+   Phrenology. 
+      The State of the Health. 
+      Quality. 
+      Temperament. 
+         Electro-magnetic Temperaments. 
+         Anatomical Temperaments. 
+         Chemical Temperaments. 
+   Choice of Professions and Trades. 
+   Matrimony. 
+   Part II. Professional Interviews. 
+      Physiognomy of Matrimony. 
+      Some People You Meet. 
+      Study in Ancient Skulls. 
+      A Phrenological Study. 
+      Was Hawes Insane? 
+      How Living Heads and Dead Skulls are Measured. 
+      Crime and its Causes. 
+      A Murderer’s Mentality. 
+      Phrenology in Politics. 
+   Definitions of the Faculties of Intelligence. 
+   The Phrenological Examination. 
+      Examples of Phrenometrical Measurements. 
+      Examinations from Photographs. 
+   Advertisements 
+   The Grand Table of Vitosophy. 
+   Eat Some Sand! 
+   The Vitosophy Club Lessons. 
+   "The Solution of the Problem of Human Life". 
+   Donohue’s Hand Book and Manual of Information 
+   There is Money in Poultry 
+
+
+
+
+Phrenology.
+
+
+_LADIES AND GENTLEMEN_:--
+
+In presenting the Science of Phrenology to you to-night, I make one
+request, and hope you will grant it as a personal favor to me, that is,
+that you will dismiss from your minds everything that you ever heard
+about Phrenology and listen to my argument with your minds freed from
+the prejudices, favorable or unfavorable, that may have been created by
+other lecturers upon the subject, for this reason: There are, I regret
+to say, in our country, a class of men lecturing upon Phrenology, who
+have never mastered even the rudiments of the science; who have merely
+learned the location and nomenclature of the organs of the brain, and
+who, by flattery and cheap wit, degrade this noble science to the level
+of mere "bumpology," until the average good citizen who has never
+investigated the subject has come to look upon the term Phrenologist as
+signifying one who goes about over the country feeling the bumps on the
+heads of those who consult him, looking for hills and hollows,
+depressions and ridges of the cranium, and predicating thereon a
+delineation of character.
+
+It is my happy privilege to-night to disabuse your minds of this
+conception, and to present Phrenology in its true light, and I bespeak
+from you the thoughtful consideration which an honest man may demand
+from honest thinking men and women in the investigation of a practical
+science.
+
+I am always able to recognize in my audience, three classes of persons.
+I can tell them by their phrenological appearances whenever they are
+before me. The first class is composed of those who have already tested
+phrenology and found it valuable, who have studied the subject and
+appropriated its truths, and before whom I need not argue its utility. I
+shall be able to please the members of my audience who belong to this
+class, and to lead them further in the paths they have already found
+pleasant and profitable. I shall unfold some new truths and add to their
+store of valuable knowledge.
+
+The second class is composed of that large number of intelligent
+persons, in every community, who have not investigated this subject, who
+are willing to approach it in a spirit of candor and honest inquiry,
+anxious to accept anything which is reasonable and good, and equally
+intent upon rejecting that which is fraudulent and evil, and I invite
+the careful criticism of this class; and if, in my exposition of this
+subject, I announce a single proposition which will not bear the closest
+scrutiny; if I say aught which conflicts with common sense or reason,
+nay, if you can find one single natural fact to militate against the
+principles which I announce as fundamental to this science, I will be
+obliged to the gentleman or lady who will raise the question with me,
+and I will either prove my position to the satisfaction of this audience
+or retire from the field forever.
+
+[Illustration: Idiot.]
+
+The third class, unfortunately, are always with us, but I do not expect
+to convince them. They never were known to be convinced of anything. You
+can easily learn to distinguish an individual of this class by the shape
+of his head. Here is one I carry for illustration. He argues that the
+world is flat and does not revolve on its axis once in 24 hours,
+because, if it did, the water would all be spilled out of the
+Mississippi river. Life is too short to argue with this class, and I can
+only promise them that before I leave this platform they will be in the
+same category that a fellow was once who went to a prayer-meeting
+slightly intoxicated and fell asleep. Toward the close of the meeting
+everybody began to get happy, and the preacher called on everybody who
+wanted to go to Heaven to stand up. Everybody stood up but our
+intoxicated friend, who was awakened by the uprising. Then the preacher
+called on everybody who wanted to go to hell to stand up. Our friend by
+this time comprehended that something was before the house and staggered
+to his feet. He took one look at the preacher standing at the other end
+of the church and said: "Parson, (hic) I don't know what the question,
+is (hic) before the house, but you and I (hic) are in the smallest
+minority that ever I saw."
+
+So it is with you, my friends. If you don't believe in Phrenology when I
+dismiss you to-night, remember that you are in the minority in this
+audience, and a very small minority at that, composed of unprogressive
+mossbacks and persons of small mental capacity, and if you will call at
+my rooms to-morrow, I'll tell you to which of these classes you belong.
+
+In the study of scientific topics it is well in the outset to establish
+definitions. I will, therefore, commence by looking our subject squarely
+in the face, and establishing a concise definition of Phrenology.
+
+PHRENOLOGY is the science of intelligence. It is derived from two Greek
+words--_Phren_ intelligence _Logos_ "discourse" or science. But before
+we can properly understand this definition we must have a definition of
+the term "Science," which is about as often misused as any word I know.
+
+_Science_ is classified knowledge. The word itself in its etymology
+signifies what we _know_ about a particular subject. And whenever we
+learn two facts about any subject, and we differentiate and classify
+those two facts, we have a science of that subject. Thus we have the
+science of Astronomy, containing the classified facts that intelligent
+observers have learned concerning the stars. The science of Mathematics,
+a classification of knowledge concerning numbers, and the science of
+Phrenology, which simply means the facts that intelligent observers have
+collected concerning intelligence, classified and reduced to rules
+to serve a practical purpose.
+
+Before I leave this term "Science," I wish to draw a distinction between
+a science and an art. The science is the classified knowledge; the art
+is the process of turning that knowledge to practical account. The
+science of Astronomy never discovered a star, the science of Arithmetic
+never computed the value of a fraction. The sciences are merely icebergs
+of cold, hard facts piled up in crystallized principles and rules. Art
+is the warm, living application of these principles and rules to serve
+the needs of mankind. The art of Astronomy, with the assistance of its
+handmaiden, the art of Mathematics, astounds the world with its
+achievements, and holds in one hand the balances with which it weighs
+the sun, and in the other the chain with which it surveys the distance
+to the Pleiades.
+
+So with the Science and Art of Phrenology. The science is as absolute as
+Mathematics. In its principles there are no fallacies. To its rules
+there are absolutely no exceptions. The Art of Phrenology, on the other
+hand, is estimative, and the results of its application will depend on
+the graces, the gifts and the abilities of him who seeks to apply it. As
+we have brilliant astronomers and poor astronomers, as we have correct
+mathematicians and incorrect ones, so we may have phrenologists whose
+discoveries and whose workmanship may command the admiration of the
+world, those whose talents are of the order of mediocrity, and those who
+blunder on all occasions.
+
+You have had Phrenology defined to you as the Science of Intelligence,
+and you naturally ask for a definition of intelligence itself.
+
+Intelligence is the result of the radiation of magnetism from every
+object in the universe. Magnetism is radiated by different bodies in
+different degrees of intensity. Man is provided with seven distinct
+organs of sense, which receive and interpret these radiations. The
+lowest rate of vibration is received and interpreted by the sense of
+gender and the next stage by the sense of touch. Above that we have the
+senses of taste, hearing, sight, smell and clairvoyance. So that the
+human body is in reality a magnetic musical instrument of seven octaves,
+each octave constituting a separate sense and each sense subdivided into
+seven degrees. The radiation of magnetism from exterior objects strikes
+the human body in these different degrees of vibration and it is the
+ability of the body to receive these vibrations and of the brain to
+analyze them, which constitutes the intelligence of the individual. The
+absence of any organ of sense or the absence of any part of the brain
+needed in its analysis is accompanied by the corresponding absence or
+diminution of intelligence. Reasoning therefor from these premises it
+follows that by inspection of the organization of an individual and by
+careful examination of his organs of sense and brain capacity we are
+able to determine how much intelligence he possesses and in what
+direction it will be projected.
+
+When we study its development and its deterioration, its faculties and
+their manifestation, we amass a glittering pile of brilliant facts; we
+classify those facts, reduce them to rules to serve the needs of the
+human race, and we have the science of Phrenology; and when we apply
+those rules in the practical delineation of character, we have the Art.
+
+In regard to Phrenology being an exact science, I have shown you that
+the distinction must be drawn between the principles of the science and
+the results of their estimative application. The principles of the
+science are absolute. In his application of them the examiner is
+hampered by the frailties and fallibilities of the human intellect, just
+to the same extent that the skilled surgeon or the bright astronomer is
+subject to the same drawbacks. Would any sensible man decline the
+services of a skilled surgeon in the hour of need, because surgeons
+differ in judgment, or, in some cases, make mistakes. Astronomy is
+regarded as a wonderfully exact science because an eclipse can be
+computed one hundred years in advance to the fraction of a second, yet
+astronomers differ in regard to the distance of the sun from the earth
+to the trifling extent of six million miles. Shall we therefore reject
+astronomy?
+
+Phrenology is not a fully-developed science. I am glad it is not. I
+would regret it if a bar should be set to the acquisition of knowledge
+upon this subject. As long as human intelligence advances, as long as
+the race improves, as long as men have eyes to see and intellects to
+comprehend scientific facts, Phrenology will advance. But when you ask
+me whether Phrenology is sufficiently developed to be of practical value
+to mankind in its application; when you ask me to compare its
+development with that of any other science, I answer unhesitatingly that
+Phrenology is the queen regnant of all sciences, of greater value to the
+human race than all other sciences combined, because it is the science
+of humanity itself. Greater than Astronomy because humanity is worth
+more than all the stars that scintillate in the heavens. Greater than
+Mathematics, because humanity is better than numbers. Greater than
+Geology and Zoology, as humanity is above the rocks and animals. Greater
+than Theology, because it teaches man to know himself, instead of
+presumptively speculating upon gods and dogmas. Greater than all
+combined because Phrenology bears upon her resplendent crown the jewels
+of knowledge, virtue, morality, culture, temperance, wealth and
+progress, and is pregnant with possibilities of good, beyond the present
+comprehension of the human imagination.
+
+And when you ask me if Phrenology is developed in the number of
+practical facts at her command, I answer, that for every principle and
+rule of Mathematics that are serviceable, I will give you two in
+Phrenology. For every discovery in Geology, I will give you four in the
+domain of the mind. For every fact in Zoology, Entomology or Botany that
+has been of value, I will give you six in the science of humanity. Then
+you may begin to comprehend the appeal which Phrenology makes to-night
+to your selfish interests.
+
+I wish now to draw a distinction between _Phrenology_ and _Physiognomy_,
+because I don't believe I ever went into any community to lecture in my
+life, that I did not hear some old fossil say that he believed in the
+science of Physiognomy, but he didn't take much stock in Phrenology. Now
+I beseech you, as friends of mine (and after I have lectured to an
+audience for twenty minutes I always feel that I have so many friends in
+it that I am personally interested in the welfare of each one) that if
+you have ever made that remark, you will not expose your ignorance of
+scientific terms in that way again. I'll excuse you for what you have
+done heretofore, but if you make that remark after hearing my lectures,
+I shall feel ashamed of you, just as I always feel humiliated when any
+friend of mine makes a fool of himself.
+
+PHYSIOGNOMY is the science of external appearances. The etymology of the
+word signifies the knowledge of nature derived from examination or
+observation. We may speak of the physiognomy of a landscape, of a
+country, a state, a continent, or an individual, and by that we mean the
+external appearance, that which conveys a knowledge of the character of
+the object to the eye. We judge the character of the thing by its
+appearances; and in the relation which Physiognomy bears to
+character-reading, we judge the character of the man by the external
+appearances. We study the size and form of the body, its color, its
+texture, its temperament, the expression of the face and the contour of
+the head, all of which are physiognomical. We draw certain conclusions
+from this inspection of the physiognomical signs, and these conclusions
+are phrenological, for every variation of color, form or size indicates
+a corresponding variation in a particular kind or intelligence possessed
+by the individual. Physiognomy, therefore, is the grand channel through
+which we draw our phrenological conclusions, and in this relation
+physiognomy forms a part of the grand science of Phrenology,
+inseparable from it, and bearing about the same relation to it that
+addition does to arithmetic.
+
+There are those who advertise themselves as delineators of character,
+under the term Physiognomists. I believe that such persons do so because
+they lack the ability and learning to comprehend Phrenology, and are
+unable to combat the prejudices of the ignorant. I have never seen a
+so-called "Physiognomist" who was not an empirical mountebank of the
+purest stamp, and who did not trim his sails to pander to the silly
+sentiment which I have just exposed. The delineations of such persons
+are worse than valueless, because they are pure guess-work. They pursue
+a shadow while they reject the substance.
+
+Having thus established our definitions, we may proceed to state the
+principles of Phrenology. And I believe that I can best do so by taking
+you through the successive steps of a phrenological examination, and by
+thus practicing the art, illustrate the science.
+
+In forming an estimate of the character of any person, the practical
+phrenologist proceeds upon the following physiological postulates, which
+I shall not stop to demonstrate, because they may be regarded as
+established facts upon which all physiological authorities are agreed,
+viz:
+
+1. The brain is the keyboard of the body and the central seat of
+intelligence.
+
+2. The power of the brain depends upon the anatomical and physiological
+condition of the body which supports it.
+
+3. The character of any object depends upon its physical attributes,
+viz: Size, weight, color, form, texture, density, etc.
+
+In applying these postulates to a delineation of character before we
+pass to an examination of the brain itself, we must notice three great
+modifying conditions. Without taking these modifying conditions into
+account, a correct estimate of brain-power is impossible. And it is
+because these modifying conditions have been ignored by many professed
+teachers of Phrenology, and but poorly expressed by others who did
+recognize them, that many eminent physiologists have condemned
+phrenology hastily, as having no sound basis in physiology. The
+exponents of Phrenology are themselves to blame for this. They have been
+too content to rest under the imputation of feeling heads for bumps.
+They have not been sufficiently versed, in many instances, in
+physiological science to dare to debate the ground with high
+authorities. I challenge the world to bring one single natural fact to
+militate against the principles here announced. I will debate the
+question with any skilled medical, legal or clerical authority, and I
+claim, without fear of contradiction, that the world does not hold a
+head whose character will differ from that which Phrenology ascribes to
+it, when the developments of the brain are measured in the light of
+these modifying conditions.
+
+When I was lecturing in Indiana in 1885, Gov. Will Cumback of that
+state, propounded this question:
+
+"Professor, what would you do if you found a man whose head, in the
+light of Phrenological principles, showed a certain character, and you
+found on intimate acquaintance and positive proof that he, in fact,
+possessed a character radically different."
+
+"My dear Governor," I replied, "I would wait until the sun rose in the
+west, and then watch to see what you would do and follow suit. Such men
+do not exist, they never have existed, and they never will exist until
+the order of nature is reversed."
+
+These three great modifying conditions which must be taken into
+consideration before we estimate the brain itself, are as follows:
+
+    1st. The State of the Health.
+    2nd. The Quality of the Organization.
+    3rd. The Temperament of the Constitution.
+
+And we will consider them in the order named, therefore first,
+
+
+THE STATE OF THE HEALTH.
+
+It is a great fact in the constitution of man, that whatever affects the
+body, affects the manifestations of intelligence, and conversely,
+whatever affects intelligence affects the body. The body is the harp of
+a thousand strings, manifesting its intelligence by different degrees
+of vibration. If either the musician or his instrument is out of order,
+the music will be discordant. It is not necessary for me to argue that a
+man must be in perfect health to exhibit perfect mentality. But as
+perfect health is the exception and not the rule, we rarely find
+mentality even approximating perfection. We are obliged, in our estimate
+of the character of men, to allow for various bodily infirmities, in a
+word, for the eccentricities of disease. These diseases may be inherited
+or acquired since birth; they may be acute or chronic in their stages;
+they may be mild or malignant in type; they may produce long, continued
+illness, terminating in death, or they may be only what we call a
+temporary indisposition, like that of the country boy, who went to
+Boston for the first time to see the sights. As he wandered around he
+became hungry, and, entering a restaurant began to experiment with
+strange dishes. He ate first a porterhouse steak, then some fried
+oysters, then a lobster salad, a lot of pickles, ice cream, cake and
+bologna sausage, drank a bottle of champagne and retired to his
+lodgings, and dreamed that he was lying on Boston Common, and that the
+devil was sitting on his stomach, holding Bunker Hill monument in his
+lap.
+
+If you eat an indigestible meal, you are unable to perform good
+brain-work after it. If you feed the body on material that will not
+nourish it, the brain refuses to work. If you are in the clutches of
+disease, we cannot expect of you a high measure of brain-power; in other
+words, the manifestations of the mind are weakened by the disorder of
+its instrument, the body.
+
+The phrenologist, therefore, who essays to read your character, must be
+able to trace the signs of disease in your appearance. He must needs be
+an expert Physiologist and Anatomist. He must understand Pathology. He
+must have the diagnosing skill to detect disease and allow for it in his
+estimate of your mentality, or his delineation is worth less than
+nothing; nay, more, he may do you a positive damage, by advising you to
+adopt a course of life which would be disastrous to your constitution.
+He must be able to do all this and do it rapidly and with precision.
+Never trust yourself under the hands of a professed phrenologist unless
+you are confident of his skill in estimating and diagnosing your
+physical condition.
+
+
+QUALITY.
+
+The second step in a phrenological examination is the determination of
+the quality of the organization. Perhaps there is no branch of the
+science of phrenology which has received such crude treatment at the
+hands of phrenological writers as this subject of organic quality. Many
+use the term interchangeably with temperament, some confound it with
+temperament and hereditary disposition, others recognize it as a
+distinct modifying condition; but I know of no writer, except myself,
+who has yet attempted a classification of the subject, or who has dared
+to recognize its importance as a modifying condition of character.
+
+Quality is the texture of organization, and in this respect must be
+regarded entirely independently of temperament. The latter is conceded
+to depend upon the preponderance or relative energy of some part of the
+system, anatomically or pathologically; but each of the conditions
+denominated as temperaments may exist, with widely different
+manifestations of the peculiar conditions we describe as quality, with a
+corresponding modification of the character of the subject in each case.
+Hence the necessity of a rational classification, based upon the
+independent observation of these modifications of quality as a distinct
+subject, in order to apply it as a distinct step in a phrenological
+examination.
+
+The trees of the forest present distinct variations of quality,
+depending on the texture of the wood. The hickory is hard, the ash is
+brittle, the pine is soft, etc. An examination of the texture of the
+human organization will disclose variations, different, it is true, but
+some times strikingly analogous, and no less important in determining
+the fitness of the individual for particular purposes.
+
+We determine quality by a critical inspection of the general contour of
+the body, its relative size, the adaptation of its parts to each other,
+the color and grain of the skin, the relative harmony of the features,
+the relative brightness of the eyes, the color and texture of the hair,
+the movements of the body, the tone of the voice, and the rapidity of
+mental process. To determine quality accurately may sometimes require a
+series of experiments on the individual, and the success of the examiner
+will of course depend on his own acuteness of perception and judgment.
+
+[Illustration: Jack Langrishe.--Quality Strong.]
+
+Quality is, (1) Strong; (2) Delicate; (3) Responsive. And conversely,
+(1) Weak; (2) Coarse; (3) Sluggish, and in proportion as these elements
+unite to form an efficient and powerful organization, we may speak of
+the quality as "high," or as we find them wanting, we may call the
+quality "low."
+
+_Strong Quality_ is exhibited by an organization harmoniously
+constructed, full size, compact and firm. The limbs, trunk and head are
+generally well formed, the muscles firm, the walk steady, the carriage
+erect, and the movements generally graceful, but all indicating power.
+The features of the face are strongly marked and prominent, the lines
+well marked and the entire structure is definite and established. A hair
+from the head of such an individual will be harder to break than another
+from an organization of different quality. It will also be harder to
+pull from the scalp. The grasp of the hand is steady and firm,
+indicating muscular power. The eyesight is good and the eye steady and
+clear, well formed and powerful in range of vision. If the perceptives
+are large it will be penetrating. The skin is firm to the touch, though
+the grain may be either fine or coarse. The entire organization is built
+upon the principle of strength, but the direction in which this strength
+will be applied will depend upon the temperamental conditions. With the
+mental temperament well developed, a strong mind will be manifested;
+with the vital and motive temperaments, strong physical and muscular
+functions. The relative absence of this quality will be marked by
+corresponding weakness, and although we may have a pronounced mental
+temperament, the individual will exhibit but little mental strength,
+and with a pronounced motive temperament he will be incapable of strong
+muscular action.
+
+_Delicate Quality_ is denoted by delicacy and refinement of
+structure. It may or may not be co-existent with strength.
+
+The strands of silk thread are fine and delicate, but also very strong.
+Other substances are refined and delicate, but possess little of the
+element of strength.
+
+Delicate quality in the human organization is accompanied by
+corresponding manifestations. The texture of the skin is close grained,
+delicate and soft. The hair is fine; the eye is clear and bright, the
+features smooth and very harmonious. The mental processes are brilliant,
+facile, rapid; their depth and power, however, depending upon the
+combination of the element of strength with delicacy. Persons possessing
+delicate quality are very acute.
+
+Such persons are able to appreciate nice shades of thought and to
+cultivate the graces in an eminent degree. They are adapted to pursuits
+requiring delicacy of the senses and acute perception, such as music,
+painting, manufacturing of delicate articles, etc. In literature they
+display refined taste, and the head is symmetrical and generally well
+developed. Those who are low in delicacy lack refinement and grace and
+should carefully cultivate these qualities.
+
+The relative absence of this element entirely or proportionately unfits
+the individual for these mental processes requiring delicacy and
+acuteness. He may possess a well-balanced organization as to temperament
+and cerebral development, but without the element of delicate quality he
+will be utterly incapable of those mental processes requiring delicate
+shades of thought.
+
+[Illustration: Sol Smith Russell--Quality Responsive.]
+
+The individual who unites the elements of strong and delicate quality
+will exhibit both power and fineness. He will be able to display more
+versatility of talent than the individual possessing the element of
+strength or delicacy alone. Those persons who have displayed great
+intelligence coupled with brilliancy, have uniformly united both
+of these elements.
+
+The element of _Responsiveness_ depends upon a certain sensitiveness of
+texture, resembling the resonance of a well tuned musical instrument,
+and a certain harmonious adjustment of parts which renders the
+individual capable of receiving a mental impression promptly and
+responding to its action. Persons possessing this quality have such
+delicate sympathy of the entire organization that the mental processes
+are exceedingly rapid, and the physical manifestations are equally
+prompt. The movements of the body are quick, the brain is active, the
+eye bright, intelligent and keen sighted, the expression of the face
+vivacious, the voice musical, the speech rapid, and the individual often
+anticipates the thought of those with whom he converses; if you hesitate
+on a word he will instantly supply it. Such persons are keenly sensitive
+to surrounding circumstances, easily impressed, and the entire
+organization seems to vibrate in unison with the impressions made upon
+it. It is not uncommon to find this condition mistaken by observers for
+the nervous temperament of the pathological classification. The true
+distinction lies in the fact that the latter is a diseased condition,
+resulting in a super-sensitiveness of the nervous system, while
+responsive quality exists in perfect health, and is a perfectly normal
+condition of a character frequently resulting in great advantage to the
+individual, and absolutely essential in many vocations. It is
+indispensable to the musician, the artist, the poet, etc., and I depend
+upon it in estimating the capacity of my subjects for various
+professions and trades, especially those involving the fine arts,
+literature, and many of the departments of merchandising.
+
+[Illustration: Mme. Janauschek. Quality Strong and Responsive.]
+
+The absence of this responsive element is marked by a general
+sluggishness of all the mental and physical processes. The movements of
+the body are slow, and the brain, while it may be capable of strong
+thought, is correspondingly slow in action. The individual does not
+yield readily to the strongest impressions, and his conversation will be
+slow, frequently tedious. Such individuals are incapable of doing
+anything in a hurry, and when urged by others frequently become
+confused. Left to their own methods, with plenty of time, they are
+frequently capable of displaying great strength and delicacy of quality,
+both in physical and mental manifestations.
+
+The intelligent reader will readily comprehend that the best
+organization is that in which the elements of strength, delicacy and
+responsiveness are harmoniously blended.
+
+The relative predominance of each element will in all cases decide
+the particular class of purposes, vocations, professions or other
+pursuits to which the subject is best adapted, other things being equal.
+Quality results from a variety of causes. Like all other personal
+peculiarities, it is, to a certain extent, hereditary. Children are, to
+a greater or less extent, certain to inherit the quality of their
+parents and immediate ancestors. But the inherited quality of offspring
+is subject to great modifications. It is definitely established that the
+temporary condition of mind and body of the parents at the moment of
+conception, materially affects the permanent quality of the offspring.
+Thus it is possible for parents to transmit to children a much better or
+much worse permanent condition of quality than they themselves possess.
+Observation also justifies the belief that children born of loving and
+affectionate parents surpass in quality those born of incompatible
+natures. The occupation and surroundings of the parents at the time of
+conception, and particularly the influences brought to bear upon the
+mother while the offspring is _in utero_, produce a lasting effect upon
+the quality of the latter. Science has long since demonstrated the fact
+that every part of the human organization is susceptible to educational
+development. Quality, like every other modifying condition, is
+susceptible to development in either direction, and the success
+attending an effort to develop either strength, delicacy or
+responsiveness of quality in any given individual, will in all cases be
+commensurate with the intelligence and vigor of the efforts expended to
+that end.
+
+The study of quality being thus understood, I introduce you now to the
+most beautiful study in the curriculum of human science, the third step
+in the phrenological estimate of character, viz.:
+
+
+TEMPERAMENT.
+
+By the term Temperament, is meant the preponderance in development of
+some element or system of organs in the body, to such an extent as to
+give to the character a distinctive recognizable type, a temper or
+disposition resulting from the predominance of some one element in the
+character which modifies and gives tone to all the rest, resulting from
+its superior development. As a matter of fact, there are as many
+different temperaments as there are individuals, no two individuals
+having the same constitution; but science classifies them under
+distinctive heads, as their developments are approximately the same, or
+as their developments are in the same general direction, regardless of
+exact degrees.
+
+
+ELECTRO-MAGNETIC TEMPERAMENTS.
+
+THE ELECTRIC TEMPERAMENT exists when electricity dominates over
+magnetism in the organization. Its characteristics are Gravity,
+Receptivity, Darkness, and Coldness. This temperament was formerly
+called the Bilious or Brunette Temperament. It is distinguished by dark,
+hard, dry skin, dark, strong hair, dark eyes, olive complexion, and
+usually by a long, athletic form of body. It is remarkable for
+concentrativeness of design and affections, strong gravity, drawing
+power and cohesiveness, strong will, resolution, dignity, serious
+disposition and expression; moderate circulation and coolness of
+temperature. It is produced by a dry, hot climate, common in southern
+latitudes and almost universal in tropical natives. Persons of this
+temperament are better adapted to hot climates because electricity
+dominates over magnetism, and they do not antagonize the climate by the
+radiation of magnetism, but rather thrive on the magnetism which they
+absorb. This temperament is closely analogous to the condition of
+tropical animals and birds.
+
+THE MAGNETIC TEMPERAMENT exists when magnetism dominates over
+electricity in the organization. Its characteristics are Vibration,
+Radiation, Heat, and Light. This temperament was formerly called the
+Sanguine or Blonde Temperament. It is distinguished by a light colored,
+warm, moist skin, light colored or red hair, fresh ruddy or florid
+complexion, light colored or blue eyes, rounded form of body, often
+plump or corpulent, large chest, square shoulders, indicating a very
+active heart and vital organs. It is remarkable for versatility of
+character, jovial disposition, fond of good living and great variety,
+changeableness, activity, and vivaciousness. The temperature of the body
+is warm and the circulation very strong. This temperament vibrates
+between great extremes of disposition, develops great force of radiation
+and driving power, and is universally characterized by warmth,
+enthusiasm, and high color. It is produced by the climates of northern
+and temperate latitudes, and is almost universal in the natives of
+extreme northern countries. Persons of this temperament are better
+adapted to cold climates, because magnetism dominates over electricity,
+consequently they produce more animal heat, and are better able to
+endure the rigors of a cold climate. The same general conditions are
+found to exist in birds and animals inhabiting northern latitudes.
+
+
+ANATOMICAL TEMPERAMENTS.
+
+The Temperaments are also classed anatomically as:
+
+MOTIVE, where the bones are large and strong and the muscular
+development is stronger than the nutritive or mental system. Persons of
+this temperament are active, energetic, and best adapted to out-door
+pursuits and vigorous employment.
+
+VITAL, in which the nutritive or vital system is most active, large
+lungs, stomach and blood vessels, and corpulent and plump figure.
+Persons possessing temperament are inclined to sedentary occupations,
+and if the brain is large and of good quality, are able to do an immense
+amount of mental labor without breaking down. They should take
+systematic exercise and avoid fats and stimulating foods and drinks to
+obtain the best results.
+
+MENTAL, in which the brain and nerves are most active. The body is not
+adapted to hard muscular labor, and there is not enough vitality of
+nutritive power to nourish the brain in the heavy demands made upon it.
+Such persons incline to mental effort and literary work, and for a time
+display great brilliancy, but sooner or later collapse, unless this
+condition is corrected, by regular hours, plenty of sleep, the absence
+of stimulants and the cultivation of muscular and vital force. This
+temperament is distinguished by a relatively large head and small body,
+pyriform face, high, wide forehead, and usually sharp features.
+
+
+CHEMICAL TEMPERAMENTS.
+
+There are three principal fluids which circulate through the body, viz.,
+arterial blood, venous blood, and lymph. As the blood passes out
+from the heart through the arteries it is strongly charged with
+magnetism and is very strongly acid in quality. As it returns to the
+heart through the veins it has expended its magnetism and its acidity
+has been very much neutralized. The lymph is an alkali fluid, and it
+circulates through the lymphatic vessels as a reserve force of vital
+food. The predominance of either of these fluids in the constitution
+greatly modifies the character and gives rise to the classification of
+the chemical temperaments. As every cell in the body comes in contact
+with an acid and an alkali fluid, we may, by estimating the relative
+quantities of each fluid, arrive at a very accurate judgment of the
+chemical condition of the body, and these elements are also valuable in
+estimating the amount of magnetism that will be produced by the
+organization through chemical action, as every cell by its contact with
+these fluids is constituted a magnetic battery.
+
+THE ACID TEMPERAMENT exists where arterial blood predominates. It is
+distinguished by convexity of features and sharpness of angles. The face
+is usually round in general outline and convex in profile, the forehead
+prominent at the eyebrows and retreating as it rises, the nose Roman,
+the mouth prominent, the teeth convex in form and arrangement and sharp,
+the chin round and sometimes retreating. The body is angular and
+generally convex in outline, with sharpness at all angles. This
+temperament is usually accompanied with great activity of mind and
+vivaciousness of disposition, and sometimes develops great energy and
+asperity. It is very likely to exhaust itself prematurely.
+
+THE ALKALI TEMPERAMENT exists where lymph is in excess over arterial
+blood. It is distinguished by concavity of features and obliquity of
+angles, or rather the absence of angles. The face is usually broad in
+general outline, and concave in profile, the forehead prominent and wide
+at the upper part, and medium in development at the eyebrows, the nose
+concave, the mouth retreating, the teeth flat in form and arrangement,
+the chin concave and prominent at the point. The body is round and
+inclined to corpulency, without angles. This temperament is usually well
+stocked with vitality, but unless actively employed is likely to become
+dull and overloaded with adipose tissue and lymph.
+
+From the foregoing observations it is evident that the temperaments
+combine in each individual according to whichever temperament is found
+to predominate in these three divisions. Thus one man will have an
+electric-motive-acid temperament, another a magnetic-mental-acid
+temperament, another a magnetic-vital-alkali, and so on through all the
+combinations which can be made from the seven elementary temperaments.
+This blending when finally estimated constitutes the temperament of the
+individual. The ideal condition would, of course, be a perfect
+equilibrium of the elements of each division, in which case the
+individual would be said to have a perfectly balanced temperament.
+
+ELECTRICITY is the genitive passion of Space. It is manifested by the
+states of gravity, receptivity, coldness, and darkness.
+
+MAGNETISM is the genitive passion of Matter. It is manifested by the
+states of vibration, radiation, heat, and light.
+
+The eternal affinities which exist between these conditions produce all
+the phenomena of _Growth_.
+
+GROWTH is the change which takes place in a structure in obedience to
+the law of conformity to the changes which take place in its
+environment.
+
+Man is the most complex organism known to this planet. He stands at the
+end of a long line of development, extending from the simplest form of
+mineral, through the vegetable and animal kingdoms, to his own position
+in the cosmos, and embracing and including in his own structure a
+representation of every form below him. But when this exceedingly
+complex structure is analyzed it is found to consist wholly of
+combinations of the simpler forms which existed before him.
+
+In the light of a rational philosophy, therefore, we are forced to
+consider man as a creature of growth and subject to exactly the same
+natural laws as the objects which surround him. Any attempt to regard
+him as an exception results in the calamities which must always attend
+presumption and ignorance.
+
+The well balanced temperament, the _temperamentum temperatum_, of the
+ancients is an ideal condition in which there is in fact no temperament,
+all the organs of the body being perfectly in harmony, and exhibiting no
+preponderance of one over the other. Many persons approximate this
+condition, but it is difficult to find one in which it is so nearly
+attained as to make the proper classification of his temperament under
+the above heads a difficult matter. However desirable such a condition
+may be from a purely physiological standpoint, the fact remains that all
+great and powerful natures, the men who have been the leaders in the
+battles of literature, art, science and war itself, have had well
+defined and pronounced temperamental conditions of organization.
+
+We have now fully demonstrated that in his scientific delineation of
+character the professional phrenologist depends upon something more than
+mere configuration of skull. The great modifying conditions of health,
+quality and temperament in every case give us the foundation of the
+character. It will be seen, some medical authorities to the contrary,
+notwithstanding, that the science of Phrenology has a firm basis on the
+established principles and known facts of Physiology and Anatomy.
+Bearing these facts in mind we will now proceed to the discussion of the
+scientific principles governing the phrenological examination of
+
+SIZE AND CONFIGURATION OF BRAIN, or the theory of the localization in
+different organs of the brain of the corresponding faculties of the
+mind.
+
+THE BRAIN is the key-board of the body. It is an error to claim that it
+is the exclusive organ of intelligence. The brain performs substantially
+the same function for the body which the key-board does for the piano,
+or which the central office of the telephone system performs for its
+various subscribers.
+
+Magnetism received from the exterior of the body is transmitted to the
+brain where it produces a result. This result in turn is transmitted to
+various portions of the body. Properly, therefore, intelligence is
+distributed over the entire body and the amount of intelligence which
+any individual possesses will be found to be in exact proportion to the
+size and quality of his body and the perfect adaptation, co-operation and
+adjustment of its parts.
+
+The brain is an oval mass of soft tissue which completely fills the
+internal cavity of the skull. It is composed of two substances, a white
+fibrous substance which forms the internal portion and a gray, cortical
+tissue which forms the external layer. This gray substance lies in folds
+or convolutions, the furrows or sulci, dipping deeply into the interior
+of the brain.
+
+[Illustration: Brain with Skull Removed.]
+
+It is found by dissection that the brain of an intellectual man exhibits
+a larger number of convolutions than one of small intellectual calibre,
+and that the convolutions are deeper and the layer of gray substance
+thicker, and in consequence of the increase in number and depth of
+convolutions there is a wider expanse of surface as well, for the
+distribution of gray matter. Hence the relative proportion of gray
+matter in different brains has come to be regarded by physiologists as a
+test of mental power. Many idiots have large and well formed brains but
+the convolutions are shallow and few and the gray matter small in
+quantity and extent of surface. Physicians often ask me how I can
+estimate the relative quantity of gray matter in a living head without
+cutting into it. I refer them to the study of quality and temperament
+which I have clearly expounded in this lecture. Do you ever find hickory
+leaves growing on a pine tree? Show me the bark of a tree and I'll tell
+you the quality of the wood within; show me the skin, the hair, the eyes
+of a man and I'll tell you the quality of every organ in his body as
+well as the quality of the brain. I recently astonished the
+superintendent of an insane asylum by pointing out to him that the
+quality of the hair, the eyes and the skin of idiots was essentially
+different from the quality of those of more highly endowed persons, and
+could be told in the dark by a person of educated sensibilities. The
+quality and texture of the brain being determined, the next step is the
+consideration of its size.
+
+Other things being equal in all natural objects, size is the measure of
+power. By the term "other things" in relation to the brain, we mean
+temperament, quality and health. This simple principle explains why a
+great many people who carry large heads are endowed with but little
+intellectual power. Their heads are filled with "sawdust," in other
+words, a brain of poor quality, supported by a feeble body, or vitiated
+by excessive temperamental conditions.
+
+Men who carry small and misshapen heads are often brilliant in certain
+directions, and this limited brilliancy in special lines causes them to
+be spoken of by superficial observers as men of great ability and
+apparent exceptions to the phrenological rule. The fact remains,
+however, that in no case is comprehensive greatness ever exhibited in a
+head of small dimensions.
+
+[Illustration: Small Head. Brilliant in Observation, Deficient in
+Reflection.]
+
+Large size of brain, accompanied with robust health, high quality and
+good temperamental conditions, gives the highest phase of powerful
+mentality and comprehensive greatness. Small size of brain, with poor
+health, low quality and erratic temperamental conditions gives the
+lowest form of mentality and constitutional inferiority. Between these
+two extremes we may find every conceivable modification and form of
+human character according to the various combinations of normal and
+abnormal conditions.
+
+Size of brain then is a measure of power when judged by an enlightened
+understanding of physiological, anatomical and pathological conditions.
+The phrenologist goes one step farther and asserts that size of brain
+in any particular region, judged by the same standards of comparison, is
+an indication of local power.
+
+[Illustration: Criminal.]
+
+[Illustration: Philosopher.]
+
+Every portion of the body is created for a specific function. You never
+see with your ears, you do not taste with your eyes, you do not walk
+with your teeth. There is no waste in nature. Every part has its special
+duty to perform. The part of the brain which lies in front of the ears
+has a different function from that which lies behind them. The parietal
+lobes of the brain are not placed in the skull for the same purposes
+which the frontal and occipital lobes represent. Every fibre has its
+function, every convolution its purpose. All that remains for us to do
+is to compare known forms of heads and note the coincidence of character
+exhibited by similar developments and the divergences of character
+accompanying diverse developments. In the past century these
+observations have been sufficiently successful to locate the general
+functions of the external portions of the brain which are situated so
+that observation and comparison are possible. Forty-two general organs
+are now located with definite certainty, and these have been subdivided
+with sufficient accuracy so that there are over one hundred localized
+centres of cerebral development which can be accurately measured and
+their mental power determined to the advantage of the individual and the
+benefit of society at large.
+
+The brain is double. It is divided into two hemispheres by the _falx
+cerebri_, a partition which follows the middle line of the skull. Each
+hemisphere contains one organ pertaining to each faculty of the mind.
+The size of each organ is estimated, not by feeling for bumps or
+depressions, but by measuring the length of the fibres of the brain from
+their common center in the _medulla oblongata_, at the head of the
+spinal column, and at a point equi-distant from the ears in the interior
+of the head. From this common centre the fibres of the brain range
+horizontally and upward in all directions like the branches of a tree.
+Development of brain fibre laterally gives a wide head, longitudinally,
+from the _medulla oblongata_ to the forehead and to the occiput, a long
+head. Development upward raises the crown; and I have in my collection
+skulls which show by actual measurement a relative difference of over
+three inches in development of brain fibre to certain localities of
+brain surface. Viewed in the light of these facts and principles as here
+expounded, the phrenological position is established, and the childish
+objections of those who sneer at this beautiful science, fall crumbling
+to the dust. The last great fact to be considered is this: Exercise of
+any portion of the body develops it, enlarges it and adds to its
+strength. Disuse weakens, paralyzes and ultimately destroys. This rule
+applies to all parts of the body, and to the brain more particularly
+because the nervous tissue of which the brain is composed is more
+rapidly used up and renewed than any other portion of the body and hence
+more susceptible to change. Phrenology solves all problems of education
+and enables every individual to develop a symmetrical and well formed
+brain, and with it a harmonious character, by pointing out those
+portions that are deficient and those that are strong, and thus enabling
+him to secure a really well trained mind.
+
+By memorizing the different organs and their functions, particularly
+those in which you are marked as excessive or deficient, and by
+practicing the observation of your daily conduct and learning to analyze
+it phrenologically, _i. e._, to note those occasions when deficient
+faculties have failed to act, and when predominating faculties have
+caused you to act hastily or contrary to good judgment, you will soon
+become painfully aware of your true faults, and by a conscientious
+action of reason and exercise of self-control will be able to correct
+them. In the same manner predominating talents may be tested and proved
+and you will rejoice in the birth of new aspirations, hopes and
+impulses, in a word you may be, by means of this science, placed in full
+command of your mental powers and learn to control and direct them as
+the skillful engineer controls and directs his locomotive.
+
+Concede the fact that these differences in form, quality, temperament
+and health mean anything, and all that we claim for Phrenology follows
+logically and as a matter of course. In the light of this demonstration
+of known facts, it follows that character can be read, and if read, then
+it can be assigned to the position of its best usefulness in the
+profession, trade or avocation suitable to the employment of the talents
+demonstrated to exist. If Phrenology gives the index to your character,
+as we have proved it does, then it also forms the key to the solution of
+the problem of matrimony by describing the character which will
+harmonize with yours in congenial companionship, financial success and
+the improvement of offspring. It likewise is a trusty guide in the
+formation of business relations as partners, employers or employees, and
+directs us in the choice of associates, teachers or companions in social
+life. It gives to the anxious parent the knowledge of inherited and
+acquired talents in cherished darlings of the household, and in every
+relation of life; at every moment of existence it is an advantage, a
+comfort, an assistance, a thing of beauty and a joy forever.
+
+In this lecture, ladies and gentlemen, I have demonstrated the theory of
+Phrenology. To-morrow night and on each of the succeeding nights of
+this course, I shall give you practical applications. To-morrow night I
+shall lecture on the "Choice of Professions and Trades," illustrating to
+you the qualities that insure success in Law, Medicine, the Ministry,
+Journalism and Teaching, in Manufacturing and the various Mechanical
+Trades, as well as the qualifications for Commercial Life in its various
+departments, wholesale and retail. I shall follow with my celebrated
+lecture on Matrimony, in which I shall expound the principles upon which
+a correct marriage may be consummated, securing amiable association,
+perfect offspring and financial success, after which I shall separate
+the sexes and continue the subject of matrimony in its physiological
+relations, under the head of "Sexual and Creative Science."
+
+[Illustration: The Phrenological Location of Faculties and Organs of the
+Brain.]
+
+
+
+
+Choice of Professions and Trades,
+
+OR
+
+HOW TO BECOME RICH.
+
+
+LADIES AND GENTLEMEN:
+
+Every young man and woman of reasonable intelligence is, or ought to be,
+possessed of a laudable ambition to be self-sustaining. To win a
+competency, to secure the necessities, to have even the luxuries of
+life, is perfectly praiseworthy, provided they are obtained in a
+legitimate manner. Every rational man seeks the occupation, trade or
+profession which ensures the profitable employment of his best talents,
+and the science which discloses to the youth at the beginning of his
+education what those talents are and how they may be developed to
+perfection in early manhood, and in what profession, trade or occupation
+he will display the greatest ability, confers upon him the greatest
+favor within the gift of knowledge, from a financial standpoint. That
+Phrenology does this, and more, it is the purpose of this lecture to
+show.
+
+The world is apt to measure a man's success by the amount of money he
+accumulates. That is properly one element of success, but it is not all.
+The real criteria of a man's success in business are, 1st, the volume
+and quality of his work; 2d, the compensation he receives for it; and
+3d, the pleasure he derives from it.
+
+[Illustration: Pugilist. Illegitimate.]
+
+Business is legitimate or illegitimate. A legitimate business
+contributes to the welfare of society, as well as to the support of the
+individual who follows it. The cobbler who mends shoes and the genius
+who builds a steamship are equally legitimate, though one contributes
+only to the comfort of a country neighborhood and the other promotes the
+welfare of a continent. Both may be successful within the limits of
+widely different capacities. An illegitimate business promotes
+temporarily the financial interests of the individual at the expense of
+the health, morals and wealth of the public. In my public and private
+examinations I have directed thousands of young men and women into
+channels of legitimate business. The fact is, there is such a tremendous
+demand for skilled labor in all departments of legitimate employment
+that it is difficult to find material to fill it. We hear much of the
+warfare between capital and labor, and strikes frequently paralyze the
+channels of legitimate trade, but the cause of the difficulty lies not
+in any real or imaginary conflict between capital and labor. The
+solution lies in the fact that every branch of legitimate labor is
+burdened with incompetent workmen, men who are in wrong occupations, who
+were never intended by nature for such work as the branches of trade
+they infest, and the skilled workmen are obliged to carry the load;
+while capital is often in the hands of those unfit to be trusted with
+its use, who manipulate it merely as the instrument of oppression and
+wrong, until the social discord is produced. If men were all graded to
+their proper vocations, if capital were entrusted only to those of
+financial skill, and labor, in its various departments, assigned to
+those of proper qualifications, every man would be employed at a fair
+remuneration, and the burden of pauperism would fall from the backs of
+our skilled workmen. There are too many men in the learned professions
+who would do better at the forge and on the farm. There are preachers
+who ought to be blacksmiths, and lawyers who would look better and feel
+better hoeing potatoes. There are those at the anvil and the plow who
+can succeed better in literature and art.
+
+[Illustration: Lawyer.]
+
+Young man, it is infinitely more to your credit to be a successful
+blacksmith, if that is in accordance with your endowment, respected by
+everybody within a radius of twenty miles because you can shoe a horse
+better than anybody else, than it is to be starving in an attic as a
+briefless lawyer, or lounging about the country as a minister of the
+gospel, eating yellow-legged chicken at the expense of the sisters, when
+you have no ability to preach.
+
+[Illustration: Minister.]
+
+Whether a man will be able to do good work, to receive lucrative
+compensation and to derive pleasure from any occupation, will depend on
+the amount and kind of sense that he possesses. Phrenology measures the
+amount of sense displayed by each man's brain, determines the kind and
+quality of his intelligence, and thus estimates his ability in any given
+trade or profession.
+
+If the brain were a single organ, every man would have the same kind of
+sense, and men would differ only in the quality and amount of
+intelligence. But Phrenology proves that the brain consists of a number
+of organs, each one representing a different variety of intelligence, a
+different sense, so that we find men varying in volume of brain and
+amount of intelligence, in the quality of brain and consequent quality
+of intelligence; and also in the relative development of the different
+organs of the brain, showing diversity of character in the kind of
+intelligence or sense, displayed by different individuals. Thus two men
+may have the same relative volume of brain, similar in quality, and
+supported by good constitutions, but widely different in development of
+the organs of the brain. One may be a gifted orator and astute lawyer,
+but utterly unable to comprehend colors or use the pencil and brush. The
+other is a talented artist but so deficient in language that he cannot
+describe his own pictures. Both are successful in their proper
+vocations, reverse their positions and ignominious failure is the result
+in both cases.
+
+[Illustration: Capable.]
+
+To constitute a success in any business a man must have _capacity_, that
+is, he must have enough of intelligence to meet the demands of the
+business, and he must have physical strength to support it. A man may
+have apparently the kind of sense required by a branch of business, and
+for a time display ability in it, but as the business increases, and its
+demands become more in volume and intensity, he fails because he has not
+enough of comprehensive intellect to take it all in. There are also
+those who have comprehensive greatness of intellect, who are fully
+capable of understanding all the requirements of a business, but who
+fail because the body beneath the brain is not sufficient in endurance
+and nourishment. Dismal failures result, and many useful lives are
+shortened, because men make the mistake of entering vocations for which
+they have insufficient mental or physical capacity. A phrenological
+examination determines beforehand the capacity of the individual and
+establishes a proper limit, within which he finds success, health,
+happiness, and the gratification of proper ambition. On the other hand
+there are many who do not realize how much their capacity is, and
+consequently remain inert to the great deterioration of body and mind.
+Nature demands that every man should use his full capacity, and the
+phrenological examination which reveals to an individual the extent of
+his usefulness is a magnificent acquisition to him who acts upon it.
+Action is the natural condition of every part of man. Action develops
+character, strength and health. Inaction results in paralysis and
+disease. It is vitally essential that every man should find out his
+capacity and use it all--no more, no less. This, Phrenology enables him
+to do.
+
+[Illustration: Incapable.]
+
+The question of capacity being thus understood, the next is the quality
+of organization.
+
+Quality is the inherent grain or texture of the substance. Men differ in
+quality as much as do the trees of the forest. You do not use the
+hickory or the oak for the same purposes that you do the pine or the
+poplar. There are differences also in the grain of metals, in the
+texture of fabrics. Gold differs essentially from iron as silk does
+from flax. Men display an infinite variety of quality, from the strong
+lumberman of the pine forests, with his corded muscles and angular
+frame, to the delicate young man who presides gracefully over the ribbon
+counter in the dry goods store.
+
+To illustrate this topic of quality: Riding on the cars one day I
+noticed a gentleman sitting near me and asked him the rather impertinent
+question, whether he had not been engaged for many years in handling
+_delicate_ machinery.
+
+"Ah," said he, smiling, "you are a Phrenologist."
+
+"Yes, sir," I replied, "we have evidently sized each other up."
+
+"Now, before I answer your question," said the gentleman, "tell me why
+you asked about _delicate_ machinery. Several men of your profession
+have approached me with similar questions about machinery. There is
+evidently something in my head which betrays that; but tell me why you
+drew the distinction in favor of delicate machinery?"
+
+"Why, my dear sir," I replied, "you are a delicate piece of machinery
+yourself. You would not harmonize with anything else. Your bones are
+small, your eyesight microscopic, your fingers tapering, your touch as
+delicate as a woman's, your _quality_ is delicate. You are not the man
+to handle heavy bars of iron, to repair locomotives, or to build
+threshing machines. I should say, sir, that watches would be about
+right for you, certainly nothing heavier than sewing machines and
+type-writers."
+
+"You are quite right, sir," said he, "I have been a watchmaker for
+twenty years."
+
+The quality of the man determines the quality of the work he should do.
+The strong, coarse, sluggish organization is adapted to occupations
+requiring power and momentum. The refined, delicate, responsive
+character will succeed best in positions calling for agility, dexterity
+and sensitiveness. The blacksmith may ruin a watch if he attempts to
+mend it, while the jeweler would not be a safe man to shoe a valuable
+horse. There is an eternal fitness of things.
+
+The occupation of an individual should be in harmony with his
+temperament. The brilliant versatility of the magnetic permits a greater
+variety of selection to the individual than the positive and
+concentrative energies of the electric temperament. The latter is
+dignified, sombre and severe, with a ready inclination to
+forego comfort and convenience to carry out a cherished object.
+It works, not better than the magnetic but more willingly. Men of the
+magnetic temperament succeed best in the cultivation of the social
+graces, the fine arts, and in those departments of literature that call
+for brilliancy of imagination, versatility of talent and variety of
+accomplishment. The leaders of great and successful armies, the
+powerful statesmen and the literary men of the world, distinguished by
+fervid genius and concentrative application, have been on the other hand
+strongly endowed with the electric temperament.
+
+When the motive temperament is in the ascendency, the character is
+marked by an almost uncontrollable desire for physical exercise. This
+temperament demands activity of body as well as brain, and the
+occupation should be such as will combine both. The vital temperament on
+the other hand is more inclined to sedentary habits, and is capable of
+doing an immense amount of mental work without breaking down. It seems
+to thrive best when loaded with responsibilities of a mental character.
+The mental temperament on the other hand will display great brilliancy
+of intellect and versatility of talent, but is in constant danger of a
+physical collapse unless constantly subjected to conditions favorable to
+recuperation.
+
+To subject a person of the delicately organized and sensitive mental
+temperament, for a long period of time, to the hardships and privations
+of an occupation requiring exposure and severe muscular exertion is the
+height of cruelty and folly. A person of the extreme vital temperament,
+under the same conditions, would find life a weary burden, though a
+limited experience in muscular exercise, under conditions favorable to
+health, would be beneficial to both. On the other hand, the motive
+temperament, confined in an office or room to books and study, with
+insufficient exercise, is in much the same condition of misery as a
+caged bird.
+
+Temperament, quality, and capacity having been duly considered, the
+ability of an individual in any given direction, depends upon the
+special development of the organs of the brain. The special sense of
+each individual is determined by an examination of the special organs of
+the brain. And it is upon this special development, in the case of every
+man, that his prerequisites for success depend, namely, the ability to
+do much good work, the remuneration for his services, and the pleasure
+derived from the occupation.
+
+I desire to call your attention to some examples of special ability,
+which are familiar enough to the experience of most of you to be
+accepted without argument.
+
+There are those who are gifted in the sense of touch above their
+fellows, who can judge of the quality of goods in the dark. There are
+others blest with penetrating eyesight. Others with a sense of hearing
+most acute. Also those with nice discriminating sense of taste and
+smell. These distinctions for a long time were regarded as the five
+senses of man, and he was believed to have only those five avenues of
+perception. Phrenology, however, subdivides these and adds others,
+vastly increasing the number of the sources of knowledge and the springs
+of human action.
+
+A great many cases of defective eyesight, so called, are in reality
+defective brain. The mechanism of the eye may be perfect, the retina and
+the optic nerve may faithfully perform their duties, but if the brain
+behind the eye be defective, the comprehension of the object or some of
+its properties is lost to the intelligence of the individual. Some
+people are "color blind." Their eyes are good enough, but they don't see
+colors; they comprehend no difference in the shades of different colored
+objects exhibited to the view. At the same time they fully comprehend
+the size, form, distance, etc., of the object. An examination discloses
+the fact that they are deficient in a portion of the brain just behind
+the middle of the eyebrow. Give such a man every material and brush of
+the painter and request him to paint a landscape and the result will be
+a daub. He has no sense of colors, he has no fitness for that kind of
+work. At the same time he may be entirely capable of a very creditable
+performance in drawing a picture with a pencil in white and black
+because that does not involve his weakness. This particular element of
+sense may, like all others, be only partially defective, but an
+examination by a competent phrenologist will disclose its exact state,
+whatever it may be. I once examined a man and remarked to him that he
+was thoroughly endowed with the qualities essential to a good locomotive
+engineer, except that the organ of color was slightly deficient. I
+remarked, "You will never experience the slightest inconvenience in
+distinguishing switch-lights and signals when you are in good health and
+sober, but a slight indigestion, or a glass of liquor, decreasing the
+power of your brain, would render your vision of colors unreliable and
+might cause a wreck, hence I advise you to keep out of the business."
+The man was a railroad engineer, and admitted that he could generally
+distinguish colors without difficulty, but that his color sense was
+lost, under the conditions I described.
+
+Those who are large in the organ of color, are artists in its
+appreciation, for the simple reason that they have more sense in this
+particular direction. On the other hand, color may be large, but
+appreciation of form, size, etc., may be deficient. The individual may
+try to paint a picture and get the colors all right, but if form is
+deficient his figures will be grotesque in their absurdity; or he may
+have good sense as to form and color, and get the sizes of his objects
+all wrong. Mechanical skill depends in a great measure upon these
+"Perceptive Faculties," as they are called: that is, those portions of
+the brain that comprehend and give the ideas pertaining to the
+properties of material objects, such as individuality, form, size,
+weight, color, etc. The trained eye and hand of the blacksmith are alike
+directed by these faculties of the mind acting through these organs of
+the brain, as he moulds a piece of iron to the proper size and form to
+fit the horse's foot. What folly then to expect good work, in a
+blacksmith shop, of a man deficient in these special senses requisite in
+that department of work; and as we study all trades and professions we
+shall find that aptitude in any line depends on the possession of
+superior development of the organs of the brain representing the
+faculties of intelligence most used and depended upon in that business.
+
+There are those who are wonderfully gifted in the organ of calculation,
+the seat of the special sense of the number of things. One who has this
+organ large will be able to count rapidly and correctly, to add,
+subtract or multiply, and he understands the relation of numbers to each
+other, their properties, and because of his superior sense in this
+direction he becomes a "lightning calculator" and is regarded as a
+mathematical prodigy. There are others who have this sense deficient,
+but they may be superior in development to the mathematical prodigy in a
+dozen other faculties.
+
+One may be developed in those organs which contribute to talent for
+music. He may have a sensitive organization, highly responsive in
+quality, a fair intellect, such an exquisite sense of time and tune,
+aided by good Constructiveness, Imitation and executive ability that he
+is able to produce music which charms the listening ear of thousands. If
+this talent is discovered in time, and he has adequate instruction and
+advantages, he becomes a magnificent success. Place him in the counting
+room, the work-shop, or on the farm and he is not in harmony with his
+surroundings, he is awkward and inefficient, he does poor work and but
+little of it, and he is regarded by his associates as an inferior
+person.
+
+[Illustration: Musician.]
+
+Some men are wonderful in their ability to comprehend machinery, and in
+dexterity in the use of tools, the special sense represented by the
+organ of Constructiveness. They seem to be perfectly at home with a
+piece of new and complicated machinery in five minutes, while others
+will work on the same thing for hours, growing more and more bewildered,
+and exhibiting little or no mechanical genius whatever, literally making
+a botch of everything they undertake. When I was lecturing in Austin,
+Texas, in 1887, several gentlemen came to see me and asked if I would be
+willing to submit to a test. They said, "We have a man in this city who
+is unquestionably a genius in a certain direction, and we would like to
+call him out for a public examination and see if you can locate him." I
+urged them to do so, at the same time remarking that that was the kind
+of a man I liked to get hold of. That night when I called for
+nominations, Mr. Geo. P. Assman was immediately elected. He came
+forward, and as I measured his head I said, "This man is a genius as a
+machinist. He has only ordinary ability in other directions, but as a
+machinist he is a marvel. He has thoughts on machinery far beyond the
+comprehension of other men, and especially in the practical handling of
+complicated work." Somebody in the audience sung out at this point
+"You've got him," and the audience broke into applause. They then
+informed me that he was a most celebrated locksmith and machinist whose
+specialty was opening combination locks on valuable safes when the
+combination was lost by the owners, or when the works were injured by
+the blasts of burglars. On one occasion he had opened a safe in New
+Orleans in a few minutes when the trained locksmiths of the safe factory
+had worked for hours and failed. He was in the right business, was
+regarded as a genius, and was respected and admired by a whole section
+of the United States simply because he employed his best element of
+sense.
+
+Some men have wonderful intellectual development and are specially
+gifted with the ability to acquire knowledge, but they may be most
+wonderfully deficient in that kind of executive force which makes use of
+it. They are largely developed in the frontal lobe of the brain where
+the intellectual organs reside, but are deficient in the regions of
+moral and physical energy; while others are largely endowed with
+ambition, physical and moral energy,--the parietal lobes are large and
+the head rises high in the crown, and they are able to use all the
+knowledge they acquire. Their intellectual capacity may be limited, but
+they are able to put their knowledge to account, and what gems of
+information they possess are made to glitter by constant use. Men of the
+first class are always rated at less than their true value of
+intellectual ability; those of the second class at a greatly
+over-estimated premium. The first may be compared to capacious barns
+where knowledge is stored like hay to become musty because it is never
+used. I have seen hundreds of boys of this character, graduate with
+great honor in college (where the only criterion applied was the
+capacity to absorb knowledge as a sponge does water), only to be
+eclipsed in after years by the boys who graduated at the foot of the
+class, who were practically in disgrace on Commencement day. In our
+popular public school and collegiate system, there is too much stuffing
+of knowledge, and too little attention given to developing the practical
+sense of the student.
+
+There are special senses which give physical and moral energy, ambition
+and industry. One man is splendidly equipped with knowledge and is
+thoroughly posted in regard to how a business should be conducted in all
+of its practical and theoretical details, but he is afflicted with
+inertia, he does not move. The unscientific observer says he is lazy,
+and that is true, but Phrenology analyzes even laziness and finds that
+it is caused by a lack of sense. Develop the organs of physical and
+moral energy, which can be easily done, and the character of the man
+becomes transformed, and he becomes a cyclone of business push and
+executive ability. Another man may be gifted with energy, but
+deficient in knowledge and business tact, and he wastes his force in
+tremendous efforts at the accomplishment of small matters. He puts as
+much mental force into opening a can of oysters as would suffice to
+destroy a building. Figuratively speaking he loads a cannon to kill a
+mosquito, the result is a great waste of energy and vitality. By proper
+cultivation of knowledge, and adaptation to pursuits employing his
+splendid energies with large enterprise, a character of this description
+is brought into harmony with the eternal fitness of things.
+
+[Illustration: Physical Energy.]
+
+There are men endowed with the sense which gives appreciation of values
+and the knowledge of property to such an extent that they are artists in
+the manipulation of finances. They accumulate fortunes, and the world
+admires their accomplishments; and one who has less of this world's
+goods is accustomed to wish that he had as much sense as Vanderbilt or
+Gould. The fact may be, that he has more sense in the aggregate than
+either, but it is not the same kind of sense. Other things being equal,
+the man with large Acquisitiveness will exhibit more sense in acquiring
+property, and the man with large Caution and Secretiveness more sense in
+economizing, than those having these organs small. It is curious to
+observe the different phases of financial sense in different
+individuals. One man will be a miser, eager to get and anxious to hold
+property; another will be close and cautious in taking care of the
+property he inherits, but will exhibit no special ability in increasing
+his riches; another displays great ability in making money, but spends
+it lavishly; while still another may show indifference to the
+acquisition of property or the care of it. All of these various
+combinations I have delineated correctly with utter strangers, in
+thousands of instances. They all depend on the development of the
+various organs of special sense, and a man may be educated at any period
+of life, so as to correct his financial sense and make him more
+successful in accumulating and holding property.
+
+Some men are good collectors, while others fail to exact their just
+dues. One man will dun his debtors with a persistence and regularity,
+and with a force and dignity which compels payment even from those who
+wish to avoid it; while another will be diffident, and often suffer the
+most humiliating emotions in presenting his demands--in fact, often
+failing to exact payment from those who are perfectly able and willing
+to meet the account. Others are careless about paying their debts, and
+lose financial standing in the community by neglecting their dues,
+without any desire whatever to avoid payment, while others are
+punctilious in financial matters to the greatest degree. All of
+which variety of financial dispositions are the result of development of
+special combinations of brain organs, and susceptible to material
+modification by proper influences.
+
+It is as absolutely essential to the success of the man of commerce that
+he should be well developed in the organs which give the financial
+instincts, as it is that the artist should be developed in those which
+give a sense of artistic effect. Hundreds of men go into bankruptcy
+every year because of deficient development in this respect, being
+crowded to the wall by the superior strength of men of greater business
+sagacity. It cannot be too strongly impressed upon the young business
+men of this country that the true road to fortune is in a correct
+knowledge of adaptation in business and in constantly educating the
+financial senses.
+
+In my written delineations of character I furnish every applicant with a
+careful analysis of his business adaptation, showing the exact condition
+of his financial instincts, as well as all others. I have also composed
+directions whereby deficient organs may be strengthened by special
+mental exercises, and I claim that the financial sense can be developed
+and strengthened as well as any other part of man's nature; and in no
+part of my professional work have I met with more satisfactory results.
+
+I once examined an utter stranger, and as I proceeded, I said, "You
+should never enter mercantile life, sir, with your present development.
+You would be bankrupt within a year, because you would trust everybody,
+and you cannot collect your small accounts." The gentleman, in great
+surprise, asked me if I knew anything of his past history personally.
+"No, sir, I never saw you nor heard of you until you entered my room a
+moment ago." He then informed me that he had failed in business three
+times, because he could not collect his small accounts, and that he had
+over $1500 due him in the city--small items against respectable
+customers that he had not succeeded in collecting. "Now, sir," he
+continued excitedly, "I want to know why that is and how you can tell
+it." I explained to him his deficient organs, and gave him my special
+rules for the cultivation of financial ability; and after instructing
+him, I told him to try some of his most collectable accounts
+according to my rules. I remained in his town a few days longer, and
+before I left he called on me with a list of over six hundred dollars'
+worth of claims he had collected, and he was jubilant. "There!" said he,
+"that is what your examination and chart has been worth to me." And by
+persistently following my instructions he developed into a very good
+collector.
+
+A man may be entirely idiotic in the sense which gives the desire for
+property and the impulse to acquire it (Acquisitiveness), while he
+exhibits excellent sense in other directions. I once examined a
+gentleman of high intellectual development who was entirely destitute of
+this sense, and I remarked to him that he was financially worthless,
+that he had no sense of value, was indifferent to the acquisition of
+property and utterly unable to make a living, as he would not be able to
+ask for money that was due him from a friend who was perfectly willing
+to pay him. He replied, "All you say is true, sir; my wife supports the
+family by sewing and washing, and I am unable to command any financial
+resources whatever."
+
+Subsequently I employed this man, as a matter of charity, to do some
+work for me, and returning to the city from a brief absence, I found
+that I owed him five dollars. I met him on the street that night and he
+informed me that his family were suffering for the necessities of life.
+Said he, "It was a scramble at our house this morning to get anything
+for breakfast, and I don't know where the next meal is coming from." My
+first impulse was, of course, to pay him the money I owed him, but I
+restrained it and waited to see if he would ask for it. He poured his
+tale of woe into my sympathizing ear for twenty minutes, and finally
+turned away and left me without his dues. As he walked away, I called
+him back and said, "Look here, my friend, do you know you are a fool?"
+
+"Oh, yes, Professor, I found that out long ago. But on what particular
+point do you find me a fool to-night?"
+
+"Don't you know that I owe you five dollars?"
+
+"Yes, sir."
+
+"Why didn't you ask for it?"
+
+"I don't know," he said in a dazed sort of way, "I simply couldn't; I
+came to you for it; I told you my circumstances hoping you would pay me,
+but I couldn't ask you for it."
+
+And he could not. His case was an extreme one; but there are many in the
+same position. The simple fact is, he did not have financial sense
+enough to ask for it. I gave him his money and told him if he needed
+more to come to me and I would help him further, and I did; but the best
+thing I did for him was to instruct him in the development of financial
+sense, and I got him far enough along, to enable him to ask for money
+when due him; but it would be a hopeless task to undertake to make a
+financier out of such a man. I also examined his oldest boy, and finding
+that he had inherited his father's weakness, I gave him and his mother
+special instruction for the development of financial ability. Two years
+later, when I visited the same city, I found him supporting his mother
+and the younger children from his own wages; and his mother brought her
+entire family to me for written examinations, and I found them well
+dressed and well fed; and the mother, with an expression of gratitude I
+shall never forget, informed me that the splendid financial energies of
+her son, were entirely due to the faithful performance of my
+instructions. And as she paid me a handsome fee for my services, and I
+looked upon her happy family, I felt that the gratuitous examination I
+had given the boy two years before had borne good fruit.
+
+I could multiply instances to prove the existence and working of each of
+the various special senses of the individual, represented by the
+phrenological organs, but I assume that the foregoing are sufficient for
+the purposes of the present lecture.
+
+It is a common mistake of parents to suppose that if a child has a
+special endowment of sense in any particular direction, it will manifest
+such strong inclinations in that direction, that these natural
+inclinations may be taken for a guide. Sometimes this is true, but
+oftener it is not the case, so that the natural inclinations of children
+are by no means safe guides in the choice of a profession, occupation or
+trade.
+
+When the circus is in town, the natural inclination of every healthy boy
+is to be a clown or bareback rider, but it does not follow, that if his
+inclinations are gratified, it is the best course he can pursue. Some of
+the most magnificent talents, on the other hand, lie dormant until they
+are carefully called out and trained by the teacher. There are also
+periods in the life of every boy and girl when new faculties seem to be
+awakened, and for a time engage the entire attention; and the watchful
+parent is apt to mistake one of these periodical outbreaks for the
+manifestation of a talent deciding the destiny of a child. At one period
+of a boy's existence he may manifest great fondness for tools and
+working in machinery; at another, for music; at another, for trading and
+merchandizing; while comparatively dormant may lie a masterly
+ability to grapple with the problems of philosophy and science, which in
+later years marks him as a genius in literature and scientific
+investigation.
+
+Sometimes a talent manifests itself at an early age, but the parent does
+not realize its scope and value, or the full character of the child, and
+he is placed in an occupation far inferior to his actual merit, or the
+measure of his capacity.
+
+A father brought his son to me exclaiming with pride, "This boy is a
+genius, and I am going to make a first-class carpenter of him, unless
+you can suggest something better, and prove that he has talent for it.
+He can take a pen-knife and a board, and carve out anything he may
+desire to make. He certainly has a genius for mechanical work."
+
+"Yes," I said, "this boy will make a first-class carpenter; he will
+succeed well in carving boards and in doing delicate joining, and as a
+foreman, or as the owner of a planing mill, he will make a good living;
+his wages may run up to five or ten dollars per day; but such an
+occupation is beneath his capacity. This boy has, in addition to his
+mechanical genius, a wonderful endowment of intellectual ability and
+scientific proclivities; and if you will send him to a first-class
+medical college and make a surgeon of him, his mechanical skill will
+have a higher field to display itself and he will _carve men_ at fifty
+dollars per day."
+
+The old gentleman hadn't thought of that, but he wisely acted on my
+suggestion, and his boy is to-day one of the brightest young surgeons in
+the state in which he lives, and he carves men, instead of boards, at
+higher prices.
+
+The ability to command a high grade of compensation for labor of any
+kind depends largely upon a man's own confidence in his skill, and his
+ability to perform work rapidly, as well as skillfully. A factory which
+can turn out double the quantity of work of its competitor, will secure
+the best contracts and give the greatest satisfaction. In the same way,
+a man who can do double the quantity of work done by a fellow-workman
+will, if his labor be equally skillful, be regarded as worth three or
+four times as much as his slower competitor. The pride and dignity
+attached to superior accomplishments doubles the value of the service.
+The best man in any department of work commands his own price, and
+people are willing to give him the full margin of profits. The _best_
+surgeon is always demanded when human life is at stake; the best lawyer
+when property of great value is involved in litigation. And when a man
+knows that he is the best in his department of work, whatever it may be,
+he has that confidence in himself which will enable him to exact good
+wages. As long as a man realizes that he is inferior, his work is at a
+discount and he himself deficient in dignity and self-confidence.
+
+An old darkey, who was famed for his skill as a butcher, was employed by
+a stranger to slaughter a hog. The service being well performed, Pompey
+demanded five dollars in payment.
+
+"Five dollars!" gasped the astonished owner of the pork, "for
+slaughtering one hog! outrageous!"
+
+"No, sah," said Pompey with dignity, "I'se only charged you one dollar
+for de work, sah. De balance am for de _know how_."
+
+It is absolutely essential, in order that one may rise to eminence in a
+profession, trade or occupation, that he should select one where he can
+use his best faculties; because he will be rated as a successful man, a
+man of mediocre talents, or a complete failure, according to the amount
+of sense displayed by the faculties he uses in his business. If a young
+man has an excellent talent for music, an ordinary degree of ability in
+mathematics, and none in regard to art, he will be a success in the
+orchestra; he may make a precarious living as a book-keeper; but if he
+starts a photograph gallery, he will disgust his customers and prove a
+dismal failure. In the first, he will be respected and admired; in the
+second, tolerated; in the third, despised.
+
+In my professional experience I have met thousands of men who were
+admired and respected as master-minds, because they were using strong
+faculties, the best they had, and the world gave them more than their
+dues, because they were ranked in mentality at the grade of their
+strongest faculties, and their weaknesses were overlooked, hidden in
+fact by the brightness of the few talents they did possess and use to
+advantage.
+
+I have examined thousands of men of equal ability who were regarded as
+very ordinary, because they were in walks of life which called forth
+only the inferior elements of their characters. I have examined
+thousands of others of equal ability, and many of magnificent endowment,
+who were limping, staggering and blindly groping down the dismal path of
+despair, because they were depending on their weakest elements, and the
+world despised and judged them unjustly, because they were ranked in
+mentality at the grade of their weakest faculties--their virtues and
+talents hidden by the fact that they were never used. It has been my
+happy privilege to place them, for the first time, in possession of the
+true estimate of their elements of strength and weakness, and to direct
+them with the absolute certainty of success into paths of usefulness,
+prosperity and enjoyment.
+
+I might confer a favor upon you, by giving you a letter of introduction
+to some rich and powerful friend of mine who could aid you in your
+business, but I confer a greater favor upon you when I give you my
+written delineation of character. It is an introduction to yourself. For
+the first time you are made acquainted with your own character. There it
+stands in bold relief; your talents and how to make the most of them;
+your faults and how to correct them; your adaptation in business,
+analyzed in such a manner that every business qualification is described
+and the reasons given why you will succeed. You are not left in the dark
+concerning the matter. The business is stated and the reasons given, and
+the reasons you can test _seriatim_ before you go to any expense in
+making a change, or in qualifying yourself for the business.
+
+The enjoyment that a man gets from his business is a legitimate part of
+the profits. It is also one proper criterion of success. A man may
+accumulate a bank account, but if it is done at the expense of the
+enjoyment of life, if every task is a burden, and every day's work a
+monotonous round of dreary duties, he is no better than a slave.
+
+When he uses the strongest faculties of his nature the result is
+constant gratification. The use of weaker elements is always at the
+expense of extra effort and pain. The muscular woodsman enjoys the
+exercise of chopping, and swings his glittering axe with dexterity and
+pride. Put a college professor at the same task, and he would be clumsy
+and suffer fatigue and mortification as well, if he escaped without
+injury to his shins. But in his school-room the professor would display
+dignity, enjoyment and skill in expounding some intricate problem to
+admiring pupils. The skillful musician becomes identified with his
+instrument, and thrills with the melody evoked by his own fingers. The
+trained accountant becomes wonderfully gifted in mathematical
+computation, and enjoys his work in like manner. The accountant might
+find the work of the musician an impossibility, and what little he did
+accomplish, a vexation; while the confinement of the counting-room, with
+its prosaic duties, would be the worst form of slavery for the musician,
+his work inferior, his capacity limited, his situation intolerable but
+for the meagre salary it might afford.
+
+A bank president called on me with his son, requesting an examination
+for the latter. As he came in, I saw that he was in a bad humor. Said
+he, "This boy is a fool. If you can find any talent in him you will
+succeed better than I have. My desire is, that he should occupy a
+position in my bank and ultimately become cashier. Our present cashier
+is a first-class business man and can add up four columns of figures at
+once, and I have sent this boy to several business colleges with the
+request that he be taught the same accomplishment. I have spent seven
+hundred and fifty dollars on this boy's mathematics, and he can't add up
+one column of figures with any certainty of being correct. If there is
+any sense in him, I would like to have you find it."
+
+I examined the boy carefully, and I did not find an idiot. I said, "Sir,
+you are doing this boy an injustice. He has but little mathematical
+sense, it is true, and he will never be able to add more than one column
+of figures with speed and correctness. Nature intended him for something
+different from a bank cashier. Give this boy a good violin, place him
+under competent instructors, spend seventy-five dollars on his musical
+education and he will display such magnificent talent that you will be
+willing to continue."
+
+The old gentleman arose in wrath, and stamped out of the room, and said
+he didn't want any fiddlers in his family. The next day, however, he
+came back and apologized. Said he, "I suppose it is better for the boy
+to be a good violinist than a poor accountant; at all events, I've
+failed so far, and I'll try your advice to the extent of seventy-five
+dollars; if he displays talents as a musician, he shall have the best
+instruction money can obtain."
+
+He kept his word, and placed the boy in a musical conservatory under
+first-class instructors, and before the seventy-five dollars was
+expended, the boy was the pride of the institution. He led his classes;
+graduated with first honors; is to-day the leader of a first-class
+orchestra and a professor in a leading conservatory; commands better
+compensation than any accountant in the city, and has an _entree_ into
+the best society at all times by reason of his accomplishments. He
+stands to-day a king among his fellows because he is using his strongest
+faculties. But the best of it lies in the fact that he enjoys his
+profession; his position is one of dignity and pleasure. Whether he
+stands before audiences at the head of his orchestra, in the drawing
+rooms of _elite_ society, or in the solitude of his study, his brain
+vibrates with the harmony of his own grand usefulness.
+
+I have a friend who holds the position of first book-keeper in a leading
+bank, and he is master of the situation because he is able to add four
+columns of figures at once with absolute accuracy. He commands a
+first-class salary for first-class work, and it is pleasurable to watch
+the pride, the dignity, and the evident enjoyment with which he performs
+the duties of his station. On one occasion I went into the bank to
+settle an account of long standing, and at the request of the cashier,
+my friend, the book-keeper, made out the account and added it up in his
+usual quick way. The cashier, being desirous of preventing any possible
+mistake, said, "Mr. B----, will you please add that up again and see
+that your figures are correct." The book-keeper was insulted. The idea
+that he might make a mistake was not to be tolerated. With an expression
+of lofty dignity that I shall never forget, he handed back the account
+without looking at it, saying, "The account is correct, sir." And as the
+cashier laboriously added it one column at a time he found that it was.
+The book-keeper was master of the situation, and he was able to
+humiliate anybody who dared to question his work. And as I saw his
+satisfaction in the discomfiture of the cashier, I said to myself,
+Verily the enjoyment of a man's business is a legitimate part of the
+profits.
+
+The enjoyment of my own business is a large share of the profits. I
+enjoy lecturing, and I enjoy examinations, because I know when I examine
+a head that I know more about it than the man who wears it, and that
+what I am about to say will do him more good than anything he ever
+heard in his life if he will heed it. And when some young man comes up
+to me in Texas, and shakes hands and thanks me for something he heard me
+say in a lecture in California, and another shows me his prosperity in
+Colorado, and draws out a chart I made for him in Missouri, telling him
+to enter that business, I enjoy it. And when I examine some diffident
+young lady and encourage her to learn accomplishments and show her the
+occupation she should follow, and years later I find her succeeding in
+all of them and developed into a grand self-sustaining woman, a mighty
+power for good in her neighborhood, I enjoy that. And when I give my
+professional sanction to the marriage of some brave young man and
+beautiful young woman, and later I find them surrounded by superb
+offspring, a good home and every indication of prosperity, and I see
+that the beauty of the wife has not faded, and that the husband is
+stronger and braver and more tender than he was, I enjoy that.
+
+Commercial reports show that only a fraction over two per cent. of
+business enterprises are successful. The rest are failures because they
+are managed by men who do not possess the kind of sense required.
+
+The question presents itself to every young man and woman at this
+moment: Will you be a success, or will you join the long, dismal
+procession of failures? If you really desire to succeed, you should
+first find out the true measure of your abilities. My delineation of
+your character is the surest guide, because it is the estimate placed
+upon your capacity, your quality, your temperament, your special
+development of sense, by an impartial friend, a skillful critic, guided
+by the light of science and a conscientious regard for your welfare.
+
+In coming to me for examinations, come prepared to know the truth. I am
+not here to flatter you, nor am I here to ridicule or abuse your
+weaknesses. I have for many years enjoyed a magnificent practice, gained
+by strict candor and honesty with my patrons, who have long since
+learned that I spare no pains to know the facts, and knowing them I fear
+no consequences in relating them as they are.
+
+I will tell you every element of your character as nature and
+circumstances have combined to develop them. I will not flatter you, but
+I promise you that I will find more good in you than you have ever found
+in your own organization, and I will tell you how to turn that good to
+the best practical account. I will describe your business qualities, and
+analyze them, showing you how to improve and correct them; and if you
+are in the proper business already, this knowledge will enable you to
+develop more perfect usefulness and strengthen your confidence for the
+future. If you are not in the right profession, trade or occupation, the
+sooner you find it the better, and make use of your opportunities. I
+will tell you the very best you can do, and prove it to you by reasons
+_seriatim_, and convince you that it will be as natural for you to
+succeed in that business as it is for a cork to swim, and for the same
+reason, because the law of nature commands that it should be so. Brain
+is money, character is capital, knowledge of your resources is the
+secret of success.
+
+I wish to say a word to the ladies at this point. In this lecture I have
+used the term "man" in its generic sense, as the old preacher did when
+he announced that his congregation numbered two hundred and fifty
+brethren, and then qualified it by remarking that the brethren
+"embraced" the sisters. Phrenology discloses the fact that women have as
+many varieties of temperament, quality, capacity and size and special
+development of brain organs, as men. Every woman as well as every man is
+endowed with a certain line of talents, and when she enters her proper
+vocation she succeeds at it, no matter what it may be. Women have
+succeeded wherever men have, as rulers, as leaders of armies, as
+physicians, lawyers, in the world of commerce, in the shop, the factory,
+and on the farm. There is a great deal of bosh written and spoken about
+"woman's sphere." The proper sphere of every individual man or woman is
+in that line of work for which nature intended them, and for which they
+are endowed with the proper development of brain and brawn. And, ladies,
+when you come to me for examinations I shall be just and honest enough
+to tell you where you belong; and if I can find you something which will
+take you out of competition with the Negroes and Chinamen I shall
+certainly do so.
+
+To parents, also, I wish to say that this is the opportunity you must
+not neglect. You have no right to bring children into the world unless
+you are willing to promote their welfare and give them the best
+opportunities to enjoy whatever nature has endowed them with, in the
+nature of talent. Do not allow the trifling cost of an examination to
+stand in the way of obtaining this priceless knowledge, which will
+enable you to direct their growing minds into the channels which promise
+so much of usefulness, so much of health, happiness and financial
+prosperity.
+
+Some parents have an idea that children are too young to be examined,
+and they make this excuse at every age, from one month to twenty years.
+They seem to doubt our ability to impart valuable information about a
+child until the character is "developed." They lose sight of the true
+object of an examination, which is to determine _in what direction the
+child shall be developed_. The parent is often the architect of the
+child's fortunes, but what would we think of an architect who waited
+until the building was completed before he planned it? When the
+character is "developed," according to the idea of these people, the
+greatest advantage of an examination has been lost. We can tell the
+youth of twenty-one, or the business man of forty, what his talents are,
+and how they may best be employed, and how they may also be improved to
+the extent of that limited development which can be made after maturity
+by persistent effort; but in the case of the young and growing child the
+information given in time, is a thousand fold more valuable, because it
+is in that formative, plastic condition where it is like the clay of the
+potter in the hands of the skillful parent or teacher. And when parents
+ask me how young a child may receive the benefits of an examination, I
+answer as soon as you are able to bring them to me, the younger the
+better; and when you reflect upon the fact that more than half the
+children die in infancy, the value of competent phrenological advice may
+be appreciated. In thousands of cases I have warned parents of
+predispositions to disease in their little darlings, and enabled them to
+avoid the conditions which, in the absence of my advice, would have
+certainly destroyed the health and life of the little ones. Moreover, at
+an early age a defect may be easily overcome, which at a later period
+would ripen into a permanent deformity, such as defects of vision, color
+blindness, defects of speech, stammering, stuttering, lisping, defects
+of walk, and every other defect caused by a deficient development of
+brain organs.
+
+To know with scientific accuracy the special talents of an individual in
+early youth, is to make his fortune. Without this knowledge much
+valuable time is lost by parent, teacher and pupil in useless
+experiments. With the knowledge which Phrenology imparts, intelligently
+acted upon, the development of a strong mind, sound body, brilliant
+accomplishments, splendid talents and successful business, is an assured
+fact, and the youth enters upon his early manhood fully equipped with
+everything which will enable him to accomplish a vast volume of good
+work, achieve financial success, and enjoy that happiness which can only
+come to the successful man.
+
+Our rooms are open from 10 o'clock A. M. until 6 P. M. The reception
+room opens at 9, for the accommodation of those who wish to come early
+and be first served. Take your seat in the reception room, and I will
+reach you as rapidly as I can. I never hurry my work at the expense of
+thoroughness, and when I have a subject under my hands I tell him
+everything which will do him good, no matter how many others may be
+waiting. When it comes your turn you may expect the same courtesy. But I
+never waste time, and if you desire to ask any questions please have
+them written down, and I will answer them promptly and correctly. While
+you are in the reception room you will be elegantly entertained, and
+when I reach your case you may expect the best results which scientific
+knowledge, careful examination, lucid explanation, and a fraternal
+interest in your welfare can give.
+
+To-morrow night I lecture on the soul-absorbing topic of Matrimony, at
+the conclusion of which lecture I shall examine several young ladies and
+select husbands for them from the audience.
+
+
+
+
+Matrimony
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+_LADIES AND GENTLEMEN_:--
+
+As I stand committed, before the public, as the originator of a system
+of Matrimonial Selection and Creative Science, you have a right to
+demand of me that I shall present to you to-night a statement of
+something practical that will stand the test of your criticism. And I
+desire to say, in the outset, that in this lecture I shall endeavor to
+lift my subject above the plane in which it is ordinarily treated. I
+don't believe I ever announced a lecture on Matrimony, that I did not
+detect the ripple of a smile on the face of my audience, as if they
+regarded the whole subject as a huge practical joke, something
+wonderfully funny, on no account to be considered seriously.
+
+Marriage is in fact a serious and a scientific problem, the solution of
+which may well engage the attention of the most profound intellects, and
+may well engage yours, because in its proper solution is embodied the
+advancement of society, the happiness of its members--nay, more, the
+salvation of the race itself; and yet it is, of all questions, most
+neglected. Young ladies and gentlemen reach maturity and marry without
+the first rudiments of knowledge in regard to the importance of the
+relation; in most cases in absolute ignorance of all the great
+physiological facts pertaining to conjugal selection and improvement of
+offspring, with little or no knowledge of the characters of either
+themselves or their consorts. The result is, what might be expected, a
+fruitful harvest of misery, crime, pauperism, disease, and death.
+Occasionally circumstances produce a happy combination, and the result
+is a reasonably correct union in spite of ignorance; but such cases are
+so rare that they are like oases in the desert, and the subject of
+universal admiration and comment when they occur. The most casual
+observer notes, that unhappiness is the rule in the married state, and
+conjugal felicity the exception. A recent discussion of the question,
+"Is Marriage a Failure?" has brought out so many exhibitions of
+domestic misery that society is startled into a serious consideration of
+the question at last.
+
+It is my purpose to show, in this lecture, that there is a sensible
+solution of this great problem. That whenever we bring to bear upon this
+question the same amount of scientific thought and reasoning common
+sense, that we display in all things pertaining to financial values, the
+results would be fully as satisfactory. I plead for Investigation; I ask
+for Knowledge; I beg for Candid Thought and Scientific Experimentation.
+
+When I was lecturing in Kansas, some years ago, I had occasion to visit
+an old friend, a wealthy farmer, who had an interesting family of seven
+very marriageable daughters. And in conversation with me, the old
+gentleman expressed himself as greatly concerned about their matrimonial
+prospects. Knowing that I was investigating the scientific bearings of
+matrimony, he said to me, that if there was any light which I could
+throw upon the subject, which would aid him or his daughters in the
+selection of suitable husbands for them, he would consider himself under
+obligations to me for life. "But," said the old man, sadly, "it's no
+use, marriage is a lottery anyhow. If you draw a prize, well and good;
+if you draw a blank, you must make the best of it. You may lecture from
+now until doomsday and it won't do any good. When they fall in love,
+they're going to marry, and they won't listen to reason."
+
+"Well, my friend," I replied, "I should regret to have to entertain or
+express the opinion of your daughters that you have just uttered. If I
+did so, I should consider you entirely justifiable in ejecting me from
+your premises. It is an insult to the intelligence of your daughters to
+assert that they would not display sense and reason in the selection of
+a husband, as in anything else, _if they had any knowledge upon which to
+act_. Let me ask you a few questions which will prove my position. I
+want to buy a valuable horse, could your daughters aid me in the
+selection of the animal?"
+
+"Oh, yes," exclaimed my old friend, with evident pride, "my daughters
+know all about horses, sir. They have broken the most unruly colts that
+were ever raised on this farm. They can tell whether a horse is most
+suitable for draft, speed or breeding purposes, as soon as they look at
+him. They can tell how much it will take to feed him, and how far he can
+travel in a day without injury. My daughters are accomplished
+horsewomen, sir."
+
+"Good," I answered, "valuable knowledge, sir, for young ladies to
+possess, especially if they expect to become farmer's wives. I also want
+to buy a valuable farm, could your daughters aid me in the selection of
+the property?"
+
+"Certainly, sir," said the old gentleman, warming up with the subject,
+"my daughters have been instructed in all that pertains to scientific
+agriculture. They can not only select a good farm, from practical
+experience, but they have had scientific, theoretical training as well,
+under competent teachers. They can analyze the soil and tell you its
+chemical constituents, and they know what kind of soil is suitable for
+every crop you can name."
+
+"Capital, sir; I rejoice to know that your daughters are so well
+informed, and have had such excellent instruction and advantages. I now
+wish to select a good man, can your daughters aid me now?"
+
+"Ah!" said my old friend, sadly, "I see, sir, that you have us all at a
+disadvantage on that question. My daughters have been neglected in that
+branch of education, and with my sixty years of experience, I must also
+admit that I am incompetent to aid either you or my daughters in the
+selection of a _man_."
+
+Here is the solution of the whole question. While the human race is
+interested in everything pertaining to literature, the arts,
+manufacture, commerce, religion, and science, the welfare of the race
+itself has been sadly overlooked. And the admission of my old farmer
+friend can well be made by all of you. And what I said to him in
+concluding our conversation, I now say to you. You have spent many hours
+in instructing your children in all that was desirable in literature,
+art, science, commerce, and religion. You have surrounded them with
+educational advantages; but you have neglected to instruct them on this
+vital topic of matrimony. You have treated it lightly or with
+indifference. You have left them in ignorance of the great social and
+physiological facts which surround it; and then you wonder when they
+marry upon blind impulse, and you call it lottery. Of course, they can't
+display judgment when they have no facts to exercise judgment upon. And
+you feel offended when your child marries contrary to your advice, when
+you have been exposing your ignorance to that child ever since it was
+able to comprehend anything. You set yourself up as an authority on this
+question, when your youngest baby is fully alive to the fact that you
+are a total ignoramus in regard to it.
+
+For my part, I admire the spirit of the young man or woman who,
+realizing the discouraging failure of the old folks, starts out on a new
+line in obedience to one of nature's impulses, independent alike of
+paternal wrath or criticism. If such a one will consult the dictates of
+science in shaping and directing the impulse, the marriage will be much
+more likely to be happy, than those formed in deference to parental
+wishes, which, in a majority of cases, we regret to say, are dictated by
+merely prudential if not sordid reasons.
+
+Before we discuss the main issue of our subject to-night, it may be
+interesting and instructive to ask: Why do people marry, anyhow? Did
+you ever think about that? There are a number of reasons, and we will
+discuss some of them.
+
+A great many people marry because it is fashionable. They never stop to
+reason about it; they simply observe that nearly everybody else marries,
+and consequently they jump to the conclusion that it is the proper thing
+to do. Like most devotees of fashion in other things, they find it a
+very unprofitable investment.
+
+A great many men marry, because they want a servant. That's unprofitable
+also. Young man, you can hire your washing and ironing done by a
+Chinaman, and live in a first-class boarding house with much less
+expense. It don't pay.
+
+Some women marry because they want a home, and they find--a
+penitentiary. I visited a state prison a few days ago, and I found
+inside the walls a lot of convicts that were having a much better time
+than some married people of my acquaintance.
+
+A large number of men and women marry for money. That don't pay either
+in the long run. Young man, don't marry a hundred thousand dollars with
+a girl attached, because some of these days you'll find that the money
+has taken wings and flown away, and you'll have a girl on your hands,
+and you won't know what to do with her. Right here, I want to say to my
+friends who are disposed to look upon money as the most valuable of all
+things, that if you marry according to my instructions you will marry
+the conditions which produce money. To marry for money, or to marry a
+person who possesses a fortune for no other reason, is a monstrous
+wrong, sure to be punished.
+
+Some refined people marry for beauty. The motive is correct as far as it
+goes, but in practice we find few people competent to judge of beauty,
+or to use it correctly. The result is, that most people make the mistake
+of marrying a fragment of beauty only, or they marry beauty which is not
+of the kind or quality available in their cases. A man falls in love
+with a pretty hand, a shapely figure, a handsome mouth, or a pair of
+beautiful eyes, and he finds upon the more intimate acquaintance of
+marriage that the _tout ensemble_ is far from being what he desired in a
+wife.
+
+A young lady becomes enamoured of a magnificent specimen of physical
+manhood, but she finds to her sorrow that, notwithstanding his beauty,
+his whole character, in fact, is totally inharmonious with her own.
+
+Some young ladies marry in a hurry, because they imagine that good
+husbands are going to be scarce in the future, and they live to wonder
+what a supply the market affords in later years. Young ladies, take my
+advice and be deliberate. There are going to be hundreds of good men
+after you are all grandmothers.
+
+The real reason why people marry, is because it is natural to do so. It
+is in accordance with a law of nature. To understand this fully we must
+study natural history for a few moments. As we observe the various
+orders of plants and animals, we find that in the lower forms of life,
+in vegetable or animal, the male and female principles are embodied in
+one individual; and that individual, being entirely capable of
+reproducing the species to which he belongs, stands as a perfect
+representative of that kind or species. We observe, however, that in the
+higher orders of plants and animals, the male and female principles are
+separated--are embodied in two separate individuals, and it requires the
+union of two of these individuals of different sex to reproduce the
+species, and it takes the two individuals, the male and female, to
+furnish us with a complete representation of that species.
+
+Man is created in two parts, male and female, man and woman, and it
+requires the union of these two to reproduce the race, and to furnish us
+with the perfect specimen of the unit of humanity. The man or woman,
+considered separately, do not furnish us this complete ideal of
+humanity, but on the contrary each is incomplete without the other.
+
+The conclusion which I wish you to draw from this argument is: that the
+old bachelor is only half of a man, which is a correct way of expressing
+his status in society. Why, my dear sir, you might as well expect to
+pull across the Atlantic Ocean in a water-logged skiff, with only one
+oar, and make a successful voyage of it, as to pull across the ocean of
+life without the help of a good woman. And I have my suspicions of the
+morals, as well as my contempt for the taste of a man, who can wander
+through this country and see as many bright eyes, ruby lips, rosy
+cheeks, and shapely figures, as one may encounter any day in the week,
+and who does not marry.
+
+Marriage then may be regarded as the natural condition of every mature
+man and woman. And, because it is natural to marry, there is all the
+more reason why it should be carefully studied, and why the human race
+should learn to form marriages in accordance with Natural Law.
+
+When we study Matrimony in the light of Science, we find that it is
+surrounded and governed by Natural Laws, as inevitable in their
+consequences as the law of gravitation, and that the marriage relation
+is happy or unhappy as these laws have been obeyed or broken.
+
+To constitute a perfect marriage, three great objects must be attained.
+The absence of any one of these from the marriage will cause its
+ignominious failure. There must be
+
+_First._--Such physiological conditions as will insure the improvement
+of offspring and the perpetuation of the race, for the accomplishment of
+which object, marriage is primarily established.
+
+_Second._--Amiable Companionship and Congenial Association. The married
+pair must live together, and their mutual interests, as well as the
+interests of society, demand that the association be pleasant.
+
+_Third._--Mutual helpfulness in financial affairs and the
+maintainance of the establishment.
+
+It is absolutely necessary that all three of these elements should
+combine to form the perfect marriage. Many good people imagine that if
+they can only live together in an amiable way, and have no serious
+quarrels, that they have reached the beau ideal of happiness. There are
+others who look only to the financial welfare of the union, and if the
+conditions seem favorable to the production of wealth, they approve of
+the marriage; but the fact remains that both of these conditions may be
+present and the marriage still be most unhappy.
+
+When I was lecturing in the State of Indiana, some years ago, I had
+occasion to discuss this subject with the Mayor of a certain city, who
+informed me, with great glee, that he had "sold out" a Phrenologist, as
+he expressed it, on the occasion of his marriage. Said he, "My wife and
+I were examined the day before we married, by an eminent Phrenologist,
+who pronounced us totally unfitted for each other, and strongly urged us
+not to marry. Now, sir, I have lived with that good woman for forty
+years, and we've never had a quarrel, and we've made a good living into
+the bargain."
+
+I did not want to hurt the old man's feelings, and I felt that if he
+could get any comfort out of that marriage, I would be the last one to
+take it from him, so I kept silent; but when I looked over his family,
+and I counted five children that were partially idiotic, I thought that
+the Phrenologist had decidedly the best of the argument.
+
+And suppose you do live with a good woman for forty years and never have
+a quarrel, is that anything to your credit? Certainly not. The man who
+couldn't live with a good woman for forty years, and not insult her,
+ought to be ridden out of town on a rail. And the woman who can't live
+with a good man, the same length of time, without getting her name on
+the police court records for smashing a frying-pan over his head, is not
+fit to move in good society.
+
+It is desirable that the association of man and woman in marriage should
+be amiable, but that is not all that is to be desired. Neither is the
+physiological improvement of offspring the sole thing to be considered.
+The married pair may surround themselves with beautiful children, but if
+the conditions of the marriage have made them poor, if the parents are
+unable to educate their children, or to give them the necessities and
+advantages which are prompted by a laudable ambition, life will be shorn
+of most of its charms. And, on the other hand, if life is spent in one
+long scramble for riches, and there is in the union nothing but the
+elements of sordid wealth, the actual standard of that marriage, as to
+the true richness of life, will be poor indeed.
+
+These three grand consummations of Amiable Association, Financial
+Success, and Physiological Improvement are most devoutly to be wished,
+but how shall they be attained?
+
+Before I proceed to give you my own theory, I want to tear down one or
+two others. I am nothing if not combative, and believe that the best way
+to establish truth is to begin by tearing down error. I wish to attack,
+in the first place, a theory much taught and too generally practiced,
+that one should seek, in matrimony, a companion as near like himself as
+possible. It is astonishing to see what a hold this theory has upon the
+public mind, considering the fact that it never has had any good results
+to support it. A distinguished Physiologist, in a recent work which has
+been extensively circulated, uses these words in speaking of a proper
+selection in matrimony:--
+
+"What should be sought for is a congenial companion. A congenial
+companion is one who, under any given set of circumstances, will think,
+feel and act exactly as we would, not for the sake of agreeing with us,
+but of his own free will, etc."
+
+We consent that a congenial companion should be sought for, but we
+differ very much from the learned gentleman, just quoted, as to what
+constitutes a congenial companion. To comply with the conditions he
+expresses, presupposes that the persons, who are to be congenial
+companions, must be alike in character, temperament, disposition; for if
+they differ in any of these, Phrenology proves that they will, under the
+same combination of circumstances, think, feel and act differently also.
+We will examine this theory in the light of results and see how it will
+work.
+
+We will suppose the case of a man of the Bilious Temperament, dark
+complexion, hair and eyes; Moderate Caution; small Vitativeness, Hope
+and Self-esteem; large Destructiveness and Acquisitiveness. Such a
+combination gives a strong tendency to suicide in cases of financial
+loss. We marry him to a wife exactly like himself, and one day he comes
+home and informs her that an unlucky speculation has carried away their
+fortune, and he has resolved upon suicide. His wife, being a person "who,
+under any combination of circumstances, thinks, feels and acts" exactly
+as he does, raises no objection. "All right, my love. You take arsenic,
+and I'll take strychnine," and they go to perdition together. There is
+not enough vitality in such a marriage to last them over one disaster.
+
+Study this theory to its legitimate conclusion in all cases, and you
+will find that its results are disastrous. Moreover, it is contrary to
+nature. It is not because a man is like a woman that she admires him. If
+this were true, the little emasculated dudes, who cannot raise
+moustaches, would be more in demand. It is not because a woman is like a
+man that he loves her. If this were true, the bearded lady in the Dime
+Museum would be at a premium on the matrimonial market. It is because
+each is unlike the other, and because each recognizes in the other
+something, without which nature is incomplete, that love exists, and
+each is attracted to the other by a force as irresistible as gravitation
+itself.
+
+But another fellow comes along and proposes to remedy the whole matter
+with another theory. And he tells you to marry somebody who is your
+opposite in everything; somebody who, under every combination of
+circumstances, will think, feel and act differently from your own
+impulses. And he hopes, by the fact that you will pull one way and your
+companion another, to establish some sort of an equilibrium that will
+keep you on your feet. If we follow this theory, like the other, to its
+legitimate conclusion, we will find the old problem repeating itself,
+"When an immovable body meets an irresistible body, what is the result?"
+According to this theory, I should step into this audience and select
+the most delicate, refined and accomplished lady among you and marry her
+to a South African cannibal, and I would produce correct results.
+
+The Mormon and the Mohammedan advocate polygamy. The Koran says a man
+must have four wives in order to always be able to find one in a good
+humor. There is one answer to polygamy which forever settles the
+question. The highest orders of animals and men are gifted by nature
+with an instinct prompting the union, in pairs, for life of the male and
+female. This instinct is located in the occipital region of the brain,
+and is called, in Phrenological language, Conjugality. It is large in
+the lion and the eagle, and in all mating birds and animals. Those
+animals which associate promiscuously are devoid of this sense. There is
+no grander example of conjugal fidelity than the eagle, the monarch of
+birds, building, with his consort, their rugged home on the breast of
+some beetling crag, and there rearing their offspring and remaining true
+to each other for a lifetime, and at last, when disabled by age,
+nourished and fed by the young birds, no doubt impelled to the filial
+task by respect for their magnificent virtues.
+
+If the sense of conjugality is omitted from the organization of a man or
+woman, they cannot be held responsible if they fail to conform to its
+impulses. But let every man or woman, in the possession of a complete
+brain, conform to the instincts of nature and emulate the virtue of the
+eagle. Those who practice polygamy, or who associate promiscuously, or
+are guilty of conjugal infidelity, are, in plain scientific language,
+_deficient in sense_--the sense of conjugality.
+
+It being, therefore, the law of nature that man and woman should unite
+in matrimony, what rule of selection may we establish which, in all
+cases, shall be productive of agreeable association, financial success
+and such physiological conditions as will result in the improvement of
+offspring?
+
+It has been stated that Order is Heaven's first law. With equal force it
+might be added that Harmony is the first law of nature. The law of
+Harmony pervades all nature, and men and women have long since learned
+to recognize it in many departments of study, inferior in dignity and
+importance to the topic of this lecture. As you have long studied
+harmony in its application to music, and colors, I introduce the study
+of harmony to you to-night, but it is harmony in its relation to
+Humanity in the law of matrimonial selection. There is harmony and
+discord in music; there is harmony and discord in the science of colors;
+and in the grand symphony of Humanity, the law is just as applicable;
+its obedience results in the beauty and accord of domestic felicity, its
+disobedience furnishes the deformity and discord of society.
+
+All ladies recognize the law of harmony in colors; and in the selection
+of a dress or bonnet, they try to secure colors that will harmonize with
+their complexions. They do not all understand the law sufficiently to
+always conform to it, as I frequently see ladies in my audience who have
+blundered in this respect, and who wear articles hideously unbecoming.
+But they all try, and you cannot inflict a greater punishment upon a
+woman than to compel her to appear in church, or at a lecture, in a
+costume in which she knows she has violated this law. But, ladies, just
+think for a moment, if it is a misfortune to have to wear for a season a
+dress or bonnet which is not becoming to you, what a calamity it is to
+be compelled to wear a husband who does not harmonize with you, and that
+for life. And the worst of it is, they never wear out.
+
+Every musician in my audience understands that, in music, if I strike
+two notes, of the same pitch and quality, I have produced no harmony, I
+have only intensified the volume of the tone. If I strike a first and
+third, or a first and fifth, I produce harmony, because the vibrations
+of those notes, in combination, are such as produce an agreeable sound.
+If I strike certain other notes, I produce a discord, and the sound is
+unpleasant. We cannot have harmony without a difference in pitch and
+quality, but we can have difference in pitch and quality without
+harmony. To produce perfect music, we must have soprano, alto, tenor and
+bass to carry all the parts. The tenor and soprano would furnish us a
+very poor concert, and the alto and bass alone would produce rather
+monotonous music. But we have studied harmony in music until we have
+evoked divine results, and our achievements in harmony of colors has
+beautified the world with transcendent art.
+
+In the Science of Humanity there are certain combinations of
+constitution which, in matrimonial association, are harmonious. There
+are certain other combinations which are discordant. The union of
+harmonious natures results in agreeable association, financial success
+and perfection of offspring. The attempted union of discordant natures
+results in domestic misery, divorces by wholesale, pauperism, disease
+and crime, and worst of all, the perpetuation of all these evils in a
+deformed, diseased and vicious posterity.
+
+In stating the law of harmonious selection, the general rule is, that
+the parties should bear a _complementary_ relation to each other. That
+is to say, there should be such a combination of temperaments,
+dispositions and appearances, that any departure from the correct ideal
+of perfect humanity in the one should be supplied by the development of
+the other, in order that the two organizations, when added together,
+should constitute a perfect type of Humanity.
+
+The reasonableness of this rule is apparent the moment that its effects
+upon offspring are comprehended. The child inherits the joint
+organization of the parents. It can never be better than the sum total
+of the parental organizations. It may be better or worse than either of
+these, according to circumstances. It can never be better than both,
+except as education may develop possibilities as inherited from both.
+If, therefore, the father is capable of transmitting to the child
+certain vigorous elements of constitution, which were weak in the
+mother, and on the other hand the mother endows the child with certain
+graces of intellect which were deficient in the father, the result is
+perfection of offspring through complementary association.
+
+The same rule holds good in the matter of amiable association. When each
+contributes to the other, elements of character necessary to convenience
+and happiness, the mutual esteem and respect generated by the knowledge
+of the indispensableness of each to the other's interest, is the surest
+guard to amiability.
+
+Likewise as to financial affairs. It is easy to understand that the
+individual will be most successful in the affairs of life, who unites in
+himself all the elements of a perfect organization. Therefore, in the
+consummation of all partnerships, matrimonial or purely commercial, the
+application of this rule unites in the organization every element
+essential to success.
+
+In the application of this rule, it is necessary to consider, First, the
+character of the individual under examination; Second, the type of
+humanity we desire to form; Third, the ideal character necessary to the
+accomplishment of the end in view.
+
+The error committed by most physiologists, who have experimented with
+this question, lies in the fact that they have had in mind only one
+ideal as a perfect type of humanity, and they have tried to grade all
+their subjects up to this solitary ideal. Humanity, however, presents as
+many phases as the various climates, occupations, stages of culture, and
+conditions of life might be expected to produce, in various combination,
+and we may have a perfect type of humanity, adapted to every climate, to
+every occupation, to every grade of society, but differing in each.
+Every individual, under every condition of life, may find his proper
+complementary associate, adapted to the same conditions of life, but
+possessing a different character, harmonious with his own.
+
+Nature has not left us in the dark with reference to this question. She
+surrounds us with every incentive to obey her laws, rewards her obedient
+children with every pleasure the senses can afford, and punishes the
+disobedient with pains and penalties too numerous and severe to
+catalogue. Observation is all that is necessary to teach us the law of
+harmony. We know that the bright red of the rose is heightened in effect
+by the dark green of the leaf behind it. We observe that chords in music
+are agreeable to the ear. And we have only to use the same observation,
+in respect to matrimony, to distinguish certain combinations that
+produce all that is rich and grand and beautiful in domestic life, and
+to know others in which the effect is altogether wrong.
+
+Society has long since learned the distinction between the Brunette and
+Blonde the Electric and the Magnetic Temperaments. And the fact is also
+known that it is natural for those of light complexion to admire those
+of dark, and _vice versa_. The novelist and the actor recognize this
+principle, and if the story is well told, and the drama well made up,
+the hero and the heroine are made to conform to these complexions. The
+society belle who gives a party, if she be a blonde, invites some
+dark-eyed lady friend as a foil to her beauty; and the dark-complexioned
+friend responds cheerfully to the invitation, conscious that her own
+beauty will be heightened by the contrast. The blonde and brunette are
+complementary to each other, as far as the temperament is concerned. The
+Magnetic Temperament is distinguished for its rich arterial circulation
+and versatility of character, which is deficient in the Electric. The
+Electric on the other hand, is noted for its strength of bone and muscle
+and concentrativeness of character, traits deficient in the Magnetic.
+United, the combination possesses the warmth and versatility of the
+Blonde with the endurance and power of the Brunette. In the union of the
+Blonde and Brunette, the law of color is also conformed to, and both
+appear better than either would apart, or than either would, combined
+with a person of the same temperament.
+
+To illustrate this principle more completely, I will give a few
+examples.
+
+I will take first the case of any man who is a complete type of the
+extreme brunette or Electric Temperament, and marry him to a lady of the
+same type. At once we see that the law of harmony has been violated.
+They are too much alike. They look like brother and sister. They are, in
+fact, physiologically related. They were created under the same general
+conditions of birth, and have inherited the same peculiarities of
+constitution. They do not look as well together as either would
+separately. They possess the same virtues, it is true, but there is an
+excess of their peculiar good traits, so that they are in danger of
+becoming vices. Two bodies cannot occupy the same space at the same
+time; they jostle each other and promote discord. Notice that, in this
+couple, each possesses the immense base of brain, the narrow pyramidal
+form of forehead, the serious expression and the indications of dynamic
+energy peculiar to the Electric Temperament. In this combination there
+is an absence of versatility, of blandness, agreeableness, sympathy and
+warmth. All is cold, hard, forcible, unyielding and serious on both
+sides. The brunette is essentially, a fighting character, the man to
+fight the battles of his country, of his clients, of his political
+faction or party. United to such a character as shown in this
+combination, he would have a wife possessing the same aggressive
+qualities, and he would return from the battles of the day to find a new
+conflict awaiting him at his own fireside; and in couples mis-mated in
+this way, the conflict usually lasts all night, to the great disturbance
+of the neighborhood.
+
+But if we conform to the law of nature, and unite the brunette to a
+superbly vitalized blonde, a different effect is produced. Combined with
+such a character as the brunette her versatility, refinement, warmth and
+enthusiasm are exactly what he needs to round out the rugged phases of
+his character, and supply the elements deficient in his constitution.
+While she in turn needs his executiveness, his dignity, his seriousness
+and positive elements to balance her tendency to frivolity, and make her
+accomplishments and versatility valuable. Recognizing, each in the
+other, characteristics indispensable to happiness, amiable association
+and financial success is assured, while the offspring is sure to inherit
+an excellently well balanced organization if other conditions are at all
+favorable.
+
+Let us now consider the Magnetic Temperament, of which any blonde man
+furnishes us an excellent example. If we marry him temporarily to a
+blonde lady, we have produced discord again. They do not look as well
+together as either would apart. They are too much like brother and
+sister. There is too much warmth, enthusiasm, versatility and
+inflammability about this combination. There is not enough of
+seriousness, dignity, steadfastness and endurance. Their dispositions
+clash, because every fault in one is aggravated by the same fault in the
+other. The versatility and genius of the blonde is not assisted by
+contact with a lady possessing the same characteristics, because he has
+enough to supply his needs. When we observe marriages of this class, we
+find results far from satisfactory, and offspring with a decided
+tendency to insanity, after a succession of such marriages.
+
+What this blonde character demands is just what the brunette possesses,
+and when we unite the blonde to a lady of the brunette type, we find
+results that are far more satisfactory. Here again we have followed the
+law of nature, and harmony is the result--each is the complement of the
+other. The genius and versatility of the blond are here fortified with
+executiveness and endurance, while her concentrative and intense nature
+is vitalized and warmed with the enthusiasm, the geniality and
+adaptiveness of the Magnetic Temperament.
+
+These four types of character represent the application of the law in
+persons of relatively the same grade of social position, and surrounded
+by the same general conditions of life. Between these extreme types of
+temperamental development, we may find every grade and blending of
+temperament, but the law remains the same. It requires the trained skill
+of the professional examiner to determine for each individual the exact
+type necessary for the complementary character, but this being done, and
+the description being given correctly, the application of the law
+becomes an easy task. In my written delineations of character, which
+many of you have already, and which all should possess, this
+complementary character is marked out for you with great precision; by
+following the instruction there given, you have the scientific key to
+matrimonial happiness.
+
+Persons possessing a predominance of the Mental Temperament should seek
+consorts having more of the Vital and Motive. Those having an excess of
+Vitality, a consort more largely endowed with the Mental and Motive.
+While those endowed with the large bones and strong muscles, peculiar to
+the Motive Temperament, need the electrifying influence of the Mental,
+combined with the nourishment of the Vital.
+
+It does not follow that perfect blending of temperamental conditions
+will produce a happy marriage. This is the physiological foundation
+always of a correct relation, but there are other considerations quite
+as likely to produce important modifications. It does not follow from
+this law, that a blonde heiress should marry her father's coachman,
+though he may be a perfect type of the brunette. We should not advise a
+graduate of one of our cosmopolitan universities to marry an
+uncultivated country maiden, even though their temperaments were
+perfectly balanced. We expect our subjects to exercise common sense in
+the application of our advice, and marry with due regard to the purposes
+of the union socially, financially and physiologically.
+
+A young gentleman or lady may take my written description of the proper
+complementary character, and in any village of two thousand inhabitants
+there will presumably be a half dozen eligible persons sufficiently
+corresponding to the temperamental description. Our candidate will
+consider the claims of the six with probably the following result: He
+will reject No. 1, because she is too old; No. 2, because she is too
+young; No. 3, because she is diseased; No. 4, because she has
+insufficient culture. He may profitably hesitate a year between Nos. 5
+and 6, but ultimately prefer No. 6 for reasons which he has
+discovered in that time, and marry happily, and with the proud
+satisfaction of having married intelligently.
+
+"But," says some objector, "you would have marriage reduced to a matter
+of cold calculation. You leave out all sentiment and _love_."
+
+Now, hold on, my friend, and we will see whether that is true or not.
+What is this sentiment, this love, which most people seem to think
+desirable in matrimony, and which others, we may add, hold in profound
+contempt. Love is the impulse of desire toward that which gratifies it.
+A young man loves a young woman because he sees something in her
+character, her personal beauty, her mental attributes, which gratifies
+him. For precisely the same reason the young lady reciprocates the
+sentiment. Now the question simply reduces itself to this: Shall this
+sentiment, this love, be founded on a complete and accurate knowledge of
+what is necessary to the complete gratification of the whole nature, or
+shall it be founded upon mere caprice or whim, the gratification of a
+mere fragmentary instinct which has never been educated to the
+comprehension of its true needs? Ponder on these questions for a few
+moments and you will realize that, instead of eliminating the sentiment
+of love from the question of matrimonial selection, I have really
+introduced you to a grander, broader, better ideal of true love than you
+have ever comprehended before.
+
+This perfect comprehension of the needs of a natural existence
+culminates in a wonderful attractive force between the sexes. A force as
+evident to the senses as the force of gravitation when properly studied,
+but unfortunately too little understood. This force, however, exists--is
+governed by natural laws and exerts its influence for good or evil
+between every man and woman in the universe; and the man who marries in
+ignorance of this force, or who violates its laws, is as foolish as he
+who tempts the law of gravitation by jumping from the brow of a
+precipice without calculating the distance to the ground beneath. This
+force is an emanation from the body according to temperament, it is
+identical with gravitation in its phenomena, and I introduce it to-night
+to your consideration under the name of Sexual Magnetism.
+
+I hold in my hand a bar of iron; if I let go, it falls to the ground,
+impelled by an unseen but very tangible force which you call
+gravitation. The scientist will tell you that gravitation exists because
+the earth is a great magnet, attracting to itself all negative bodies
+which come within the reach of its positive influence. But the principle
+of magnetic attraction implies, also, the principle of magnetic
+repulsion. Every child is familiar with the practical results of
+magnetic attraction, because he feels the force of it every time he
+falls down, or drops a plaything. But you are not so familiar with
+magnetic repulsion, yet if, by any combination of circumstances, you
+could be made positive to the earth instead of negative, you would be
+repelled from it with exactly as much force as you are now attracted to
+it, and shot into space to wander among the asteroids.
+
+[Illustration: P. Positive Pole. N. Negative Pole. The curved arrows
+show the direction of revolution.]
+
+To illustrate this principle of magnetic attraction and repulsion, I
+have prepared these two bar magnets, which are simple bars of steel
+which have been charged with magnetic properties. I mount one of them on
+a pivot so that it will revolve when subjected to any force. One end of
+the magnet is called the positive pole, the other the negative pole,
+because they have been found to exert two different forces. If I present
+the positive pole of the magnet I hold in my hand to the negative pole
+of the mounted magnet, they will _attract_ each other, and the mounted
+magnet will revolve _toward_ the one in my hand. But if I reverse the
+conditions, and I present the positive pole of this magnet to the
+positive pole of the mounted magnet, they will _repel_ each other, and
+the mounted magnet will revolve in the opposite direction with equal
+force. This beautiful experiment illustrates the repelling force of
+magnetism as well as its attractive power.
+
+[Illustration: Magnetic Repulsion.]
+
+The human body is magnetic in its action. Its every phenomenon is
+governed by the laws of electricity and magnetism. The human body is a
+divine instrument upon which the mind plays, is a wonderful magnet,
+exhibiting all the phenomena of attraction and repulsion. Between
+certain constitutions there are positive and negative conditions,
+resulting in a natural attraction, conducive to the highest matrimonial
+felicity. Between other constitutions there is a natural antagonism, as
+relentless as the force of gravitation itself, and when companionship is
+attempted, in violation of this law, nature drives them apart by the
+most fearful visitation of her penalties in domestic misery, depraved
+and deformed offspring, pauperism, insanity and crime.
+
+If any of you doubt the existence of this force, I will cite you to an
+experiment, which most of you have tried. Put your arm around your
+sister, and you will not be able to notice any very remarkable
+sensations. But just get your arm around some other fellow's sister, and
+you will feel like you were struck by lightening in half a minute. That
+is Sexual Magnetism.
+
+This force exists in different degrees of intensity, according to the
+constitutions of the parties affected. It may be highly attractive, it
+may be weakly so; it may be neutralized, it may be weakly antagonistic;
+it may be violently repulsive in its effects.
+
+The great difficulty with most people is that they are insensible to the
+effects of this force. The senses may be educated to a keen perception
+of it, or they may be deadened by disease and sexual depravity.
+
+I am frequently asked if the natural instincts of men and women will not
+guide aright in the selection of a consort, and my answer is yes, if the
+instincts of men and women _were natural_. But when we reflect that the
+sexual instincts of the present generation are blunted, warped and
+paralyzed by the sexual sins of a long line of ignorant and depraved
+ancestors, they cannot be trusted. But they can be educated, and every
+man of refined sensibilities can, by learning to recognize his true
+affinity, so educate his sexual instincts that they will be as true as
+the needle to the pole, and he will learn to so distinguish the
+conditions of magnetic attraction and repulsion that he will be
+attracted by that which is favorable to his own constitution, and
+repelled by that which is unfavorable, as sensitively as these magnets.
+And every woman of refined sensibilities may reach the same exalted
+plane of true sexual intelligence.
+
+And when this degree of sexual intelligence is attained, vice is an
+impossibility. The education of this refined, sensitive sexual instinct
+renders adultery abhorrent. The true sexual consort once found, the
+chief joy of existence consists in the perpetuation of mutual
+attraction. The consort satisfies; the union is complete; harmony is
+established, and existence itself becomes a grand, sweet symphony of
+mutual love, respect and adoration.
+
+I respectfully submit the principles here, for the first time expounded,
+as the foundation of a proper marriage relation, and a solution of the
+social problem.
+
+I now discuss the important question of age. There are great
+possibilities of good and evil involved in this branch of the subject,
+and nature's laws are violated in this as in every other department.
+
+The proper age for the consummation of marriage is maturity. This varies
+much in different constitutions and in different climates, but is not
+hard to determine. A general average for the temperate zone would place
+the proper age at from 22 to 27 in the male, and from 18 to 23 in the
+female.
+
+There are a thousand arguments against premature marriages, which I
+shall not stop to discuss in this lecture. You will hear this subject
+fully discussed in my lectures on Sexual Science, and you will also find
+it elucidated at length in my "Science of Creation." Those who have
+neglected to marry until past the ages above given, if in sound health
+and good character, may consider that they have my consent as soon as
+they can find a proper complementary consort, according to my full
+written delineation.
+
+The female should be about three years younger than the male. This rule
+applies at all stages of life. Under no circumstances should a man marry
+a woman older than himself. Neither should he marry one more than five
+years his junior; and three above stated is better, because the female
+matures three years younger than the male, as a rule, and this allows
+for both to marry at the same stage of maturity. There are most weighty
+physiological reasons for the support of this rule, the full discussion
+of which I reserve until my lectures on Sexual Science. But I will
+answer one common objection to this rule right here:
+
+It is quite a common belief that, unless a man marries a woman ten years
+his junior, in a few years his wife will look too old for him. This
+belief is based upon the fact that most married women break down and
+look old in a very short time. This is lamentably true, but there is no
+good reason why it should be so. It is contrary to nature, and whenever
+a result is contrary to nature, the cause which produces it is a
+violation of nature's laws; and the violation of nature's laws, which
+results in the premature decay of American women, is found mainly in
+improper marriages, wrong sexual conditions, unhygienic habits, and the
+woful ignorance of both husband and wife in all that pertains to a
+proper marriage relation. And, ladies, if you will see that your
+husbands attend my lectures on Sexual Science, I will promise to
+educate them to that point where they will be able to preserve your
+beauty. And in my lectures to ladies on the same subject, I shall impart
+knowledge which will aid you in preserving your charms and also
+increasing the manliness of your husbands.
+
+There is no part of my professional work that I approach with as great a
+feeling of responsibility as this sacred question of Matrimony. And when
+I am consulted by a young man or woman and requested to give my
+professional sanction to a proposed union, I study the characters of the
+parties with my most conscientious skill, and in the light of science I
+approve it or condemn it, regardless of everything but the great laws of
+nature, which, knowing, I dare not disobey.
+
+It frequently happens that I am obliged to condemn the aspirations of
+youthful minds, who up to that time have fondly imagined that they are
+perfectly suited to each other. But I have fearlessly passed an adverse
+judgment upon thousands of such cases, and in no case have I had cause
+to regret my decision. But in many cases, when parties have married in
+defiance of nature's laws, as explained by me, have they had cause to
+regret it. And many, very many, whom I have advised against improper
+marriages, have returned to thank me for my counsel.
+
+Some years ago I examined a young Methodist preacher, and when I
+described his adaptation in matrimony he seemed dejected, and remarked
+that it did not correspond at all with his sweetheart. I told him he was
+lucky to find out the truth before it was too late. He then brought the
+young lady to me for a personal examination, and both requested me to be
+candid and to give them the benefit of my highest professional skill. I
+did so. I said to the young man, "You are a preacher, a man of strong
+magnetic power, upon which you depend for success; your social organs
+are very large, and you depend on them to attract and hold those with
+whom you come in friendly contact. You need a wife who will fortify
+these elements in your character with strong magnetic and social
+qualities of her own. This lady, on the contrary, will neutralize in a
+great degree what you already possess. She is cold and exclusive, and,
+married to her, you would not be as successful as you would be single.
+Moreover, you are a man of warm, affectionate nature, demanding a great
+deal of caressing and amative demonstration from your wife. This lady
+would freeze you out in one week.
+
+"You have, also, some inharmonious similarities. You are argumentative,
+dogmatic and commanding in disposition, unyielding, inflexible and
+positive. This lady is like you in these respects, and if you get into
+an argument, neither would yield a point, and the result would be sure
+to be domestic discord. The attachment you both feel for each other is
+merely fraternal. There is not the first element of sexual magnetism in
+your constitutions."
+
+They were convinced, and broke the engagement then and there. Two years
+later I found them both happily married to other parties, according to
+my instructions, and both took occasion to thank me for saving them from
+a sad mistake.
+
+I once examined a young artist, of great ability in his professional
+attainments, but greatly deficient in financial qualifications, and as I
+described to him his proper adaptation in matrimony, his countenance
+fell, and he informed me that, in most respects, I had described a type
+of character quite opposite from what his affianced was. He brought the
+young lady to me, subsequently, with the request that I should be as
+candid as possible. I found the young lady also gifted in artistic
+skill, but utterly wanting in physical stamina and business
+qualifications. I then said, "You are too much alike. You are, in a
+physiological sense, brother and sister. The offspring of such a
+marriage would be weak physically and mentally, if you had any, which is
+doubtful. You are both the embodiment of delicacy and refinement,
+artistic taste and sensitiveness, without one element of robust physique
+or business ability. You never made a dollar in your life."
+
+"No," said the young man, "my father supports me."
+
+"Now," I continued, "you have the one element of a pleasant
+companionship, derived from the same accomplishment, but it is such a
+companionship as we might look for in a brother and sister. There is
+nothing in your union which will contribute the wherewith to fight the
+battle for existence. What you both need, is an organization of
+executive ability and strength of business qualifications, robust
+physique and aggressive force for offensive and defensive action, to
+make your artistic talent effective. You might marry and never quarrel,
+and as long as your parents contribute to your support, you might exist,
+but your marriage is wrong in every physiological and scientific sense."
+
+They were also convinced, and broke their engagement, and I have had the
+pleasure of congratulating both of them upon their marriage, according
+to correct principles, resulting in complete happiness, financial
+success and beautiful offspring.
+
+In subsequent lectures, ladies and gentlemen, to the sexes separately, I
+will elucidate my theory to the full extent of its physiological laws.
+For the present I have only presented its general principles, but I
+submit it to your criticism as the only true relation of the sexes,
+conducive to the improvement of the race, and of its individual members.
+I submit it as the solution of the great social problem of the age, as
+the foundation of correct morals, as the guide to health, happiness and
+that substantial prosperity which rests upon obedience to the laws of
+nature.
+
+Mankind has long realized that the acme of human enjoyment is reached in
+the perfect companionship of harmonious association of the sexes.
+
+   "Two souls with but a single thought;
+    Two hearts that beat as one."
+
+And in the grand possibilities of existence, I can conceive of no
+greater joy, I crave no higher destiny than vibrating in harmonious
+association in one sweet chord of love, with a companion whose nature is
+in all respects complimentary to my own.
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE TO PART II.
+
+
+The following interviews, published in various papers during my past
+professional experience, relate to interesting subjects pertaining to
+human character, and have been the object of so much favorable criticism
+from my friends, that I have decided to give them wider circulation in
+this form. The papers from which these interviews are quoted, are among
+the leading journals of the United States, and in each case due credit
+has been given. I also take this opportunity as a _quondam_ journalist
+to return to my brethren of the press, my sincere thanks for their
+uniform courtesy, both in reporting my lectures, and in the wide
+circulation they have given my doctrines in these interviews.
+
+Fraternally,
+
+WILLIAM WINDSOR.
+
+
+
+
+PART II.
+
+PROFESSIONAL INTERVIEWS.
+
+
+       I. Physiognomy of Matrimony.
+
+      II. Study in Ancient Skulls--The Cliff Dwellers.
+
+     III. A Phrenological Study--Henry W. Grady.
+
+      IV. Was Hawes Insane?
+
+       V. How Living Heads and Dead Skulls are Measured.
+
+      VI. Crime and its Causes.
+
+     VII. A Murderer's Mentality--Fritz Anschlag.
+
+    VIII. Phrenology in Politics.
+
+
+
+
+PART II.
+
+PHYSIOGNOMY OF MATRIMONY.
+
+    How Mental Characteristics are Displayed in Personal Appearance.
+
+    [From the Dallas (Texas) _Times_.]
+
+
+"Now," said Prof. Windsor to a representative of the _Times_ last
+evening at the Opera-house as they took seats commanding a view of the
+audience, "if you'll pay attention I'll give you some points on
+matrimony from a phrenological standpoint, illustrated with practical
+examples from this audience:
+
+"Notice that couple just behind the usher in the middle aisle. The
+gentleman, as you see, is a brunette, tall, angular, with a prominent
+Roman nose, and a firm step. He is one of our promising young attorneys,
+as the papers say. An aggressive executive disposition is written in
+every line of his face. He is not so noted for legal knowledge as for
+his ability in handling the facts in the case. Notice his chin, which is
+rather narrow, round, and projects well forward."
+
+"What does that signify?"
+
+"An intense desire to love. His affections, like the rest of his
+character, are aggressive and must find expression. His conjugality is
+large and he will center all his affections on one beloved object.
+
+"Now, notice the lady. She has taken the seat beside him, and the
+average observer would not detect anything wrong, but I can see from
+here that she does not enjoy his company. There is no compatibility
+between them, and if they marry they can expect nothing but misery."
+
+"Upon what evidence do you base these conclusions?"
+
+"Well, her temperament is similar to his, as you will see if you notice
+her features and complexion; but that isn't all. Notice her position.
+The lines of her figure are all inclined away from him. She smiles at
+his conversation, out of politeness, and is not conscious of the fact
+that she is betraying her dislike by any act; but she is, nevertheless.
+
+"Now notice that couple over there on the left, three seats back of the
+one we have just observed. You see the lady is a blonde with a wide
+forehead and a nose which has a regular curve from the root to the tip.
+That is what we call the celestial nose, because it is always pointing
+skyward and serves as a perpetual interrogation point. She can ask more
+questions between the acts than her companion can answer in a fortnight.
+Her chin is narrow and pointed, which signifies congenial love and a
+wealth of affection which she is anxious to bestow on somebody. Her
+companion, you see, is a semi-brunette with a rather wide head. He is
+one of our prominent retail merchants and the lady is his _fiancee_."
+
+"What are the prospects for their future happiness?"
+
+"Good. Notice that indentation in the middle of his chin, signifying an
+intense desire to be loved, a passive form of the passion, but admirably
+adapted to her equally strong desire to manifest the active form by
+caresses and endearments. Notice how closely they sit together, the
+lines of both figures inclining to each other. Why, you couldn't put a
+piece of tissue paper between their shoulders. His nose is slightly
+modeled after the Roman type, and as hers curves the other way the
+circle of adaptability is complete."
+
+"Is the nose reliable as an indication of character?"
+
+"Always. Do you see that gentleman on the front seat with the pug nose?
+Well, his character is equally undeveloped, as his friends will tell
+you. The shortness of the organ from root to tip signifies a distressing
+lack of executive ability.
+
+"The lady beside him is much the better man of the two. She has
+executive force enough for a whole family, and the fact is betrayed by
+the strong features, large nose, wide head and firmly set jaws and
+lips."
+
+"Does the mouth indicate as much character as the nose?"
+
+"Yes, the character is written on every feature. You see that lady on
+the second row of seats, back of our pug-nosed specimen? When she
+smiles, her upper lip curls up on one side, and when her countenance is
+at rest, her upper teeth are slightly exposed. That is the sign of
+approbativeness, love of applause, compliments, desire to attract
+attention, etc. You can see the same element of character in the fact
+that she inclines her head to one side nearly all the time. Her costume
+is almost loud. Her voice certainly is, for we have heard it at this
+distance several times."
+
+"Approbativeness is not a very desirable element of character, then."
+
+"That depends upon perversion. In the present instance it is turned to
+bad account. The young lady is admirably adapted to the stage, and if
+she would adopt that profession the very faculty of approbativeness
+would be her most powerful stimulus in ambition to excel.
+
+"Approbativeness is often mistaken for self-esteem. Do you see that
+gentleman coming down the middle aisle? From his walk you would suppose
+he owned most of Dallas. He displays a good deal of jewelry and is
+evidently 'stuck on himself,' as the boys say. He is a well-known lawyer
+of very moderate talent, and the fact is that self-esteem is very low in
+his organization, as he is very deficient in dignity. That aggressive
+display is an effort on his part to supply a deficiency of which he is
+painfully conscious.
+
+"His wife, who accompanies him, is very modest and apparently
+unassuming in demeanor, but she has plenty of self-esteem and firmness,
+and the result is that she is the controlling member of the firm. If it
+were not for her large benevolence and suavity, which makes her a very
+agreeable woman, he would be badly henpecked. As it is, she uses more
+tact than force, but he obeys implicitly, nevertheless."
+
+"What benefits do you claim, Professor, to result from the practice of
+phrenology as applied to matrimony?"
+
+"Simply the results of knowledge and observation in any direction. If
+parties will walk into matrimony blindly, without observing or
+attempting to discover the signs of character, the result is likely to
+prove disastrous. It is the old story of 'buying a pig in a poke,' to
+use an ancient Irish expression. In matrimony, as in everything else,
+the best plan is to make your transaction with your eyes open, and if
+your eyes are not sufficiently educated to discern the signs of human
+character, then to avail yourself of professional skill, as you would do
+in every other department of life."
+
+
+
+
+SOME PEOPLE YOU MEET.
+
+    [From the Atlanta (Ga.) _Constitution_.]
+
+
+"Is that my picture, or that of the Three-Dollar Shoe Man, you're
+studying so carefully?"
+
+The speaker was a large, fine-looking specimen of American manhood, who
+walked into _The Constitution_ office yesterday.
+
+A splendid head, placed firmly upon a Grover Cleveland neck, silken,
+sandy mustache, and side whiskers cut on the William H. Vanderbilt
+pattern, and piercing blue eyes, which seemed to look straight through
+you--these were the striking features of a rather striking face.
+
+Then he introduced himself. It was Professor William Windsor, LL.B.,
+"phrenologist and anthropologist."
+
+"I have been an active practitioner in my line," said the Professor, in
+answer to a question, "for many years now. For some time before that I
+studied phrenology and practiced law, but in later years I have devoted
+all my time to the active practice of that which I have now made my
+profession. This is the first time I have been to Atlanta, though I am
+very much of a Southerner. I was born in Kentucky, and my father was a
+Virginian. He made a fortune on the Mississippi during the war, and
+after that was over he left the river and moved to Wisconsin, where I
+was educated. I graduated in law at the University of Wisconsin; but as
+I lived several years in Texas, I consider that I am very much of a
+Southerner."
+
+"And as to phrenology?"
+
+"I love it. There is so much to it--so much more than many people
+imagine. Of course, I am working for money, but above and beyond that is
+the desire to do good to my fellow-men. How? Why, nobody has a better
+opportunity of doing good than a conscientious phrenologist, for he can
+look into a man's character, into the inmost recesses of his heart, as
+it were."
+
+"Is there anything in palmistry?"
+
+"Oh, yes. There is no reason why character should not be read in any
+feature. It can be read, I have no doubt, in the feet as well as in the
+head and the hands, but the trouble would be in getting comparisons. You
+couldn't very well ask every man you meet to pull off his shoes, that
+you might study his feet, but every man studies the character of his
+neighbor as he reads it in his face. He may say he doesn't believe in
+phrenology, but, unconsciously, perhaps, he practices it."
+
+"You spoke of doing good. Can you give me an instance?"
+
+"Hundreds of them, I am happy to say. By pointing out to people their
+faults and how to correct them, I know I have done good. This year I was
+out in Pueblo, Colo., where I had been three years ago. While there, a
+young man called on me, and brought with him his wife. Upon my last
+visit I had examined him, and had pointed out several things to him. One
+was that he was too cautious. He is a young business man, and is one of
+those fellows who are always afraid to take risks. I told him of this,
+and then, at his request, told him of the sort of young lady he should
+marry. Well, he found the girl and married her, and he told me he could
+point out where he had made seven thousand dollars by following my
+advice as to risks. That is only one instance; but I believe I have done
+much good."
+
+"And anthropology?"
+
+"That means the study of human nature. In its application it includes
+man in all his physical, mental and social conditions. Phrenology is the
+science of the mind--mental philosophy; anthropology is the science of
+man--human philosophy. I contend that to the proper understanding of
+these great subjects we must look for the solution of all social
+problems."
+
+
+
+
+STUDY IN ANCIENT SKULLS.
+
+    What a Specialist in Cranial Architecture Can Read--The Skulls
+    of the Cliff Dwellers[A] Viewed by the Light of Science and
+    Tapers.
+
+[Footnote A: NOTE.--The "Cliff Dwellers" is a name given to an ancient
+aboriginal race who once inhabited the mountain fastnesses of the Rocky
+Mountains in Colorado. They had their homes in caverns of almost
+inaccessible cliffs, and undoubtedly possessed an advanced state of
+civilization, as evidenced from the pottery, implements, musical
+instruments, etc., found in the ruins of their homes, as well as what is
+indicated by the skulls described in this interview. Their dwellings
+exhibit remarkable constructiveness in the inmates, and in many
+instances a high power of decorative art.]
+
+    [Denver (Col.) _Republican_.]
+
+
+At one of his lectures last week at Warren's Academy, Professor William
+Windsor, LL. B., delineated the character of a skull submitted to him by
+one of the audience. The Professor recognized it instantly as that of
+one of the Cliff Dwellers, and proceeded to give a description of the
+individual to whom the skull belonged. A _Republican_ representative who
+was present, called on Professor Windsor at the Brunswick yesterday.
+
+"The Cliff Dwellers," said Professor Windsor, "present a most
+interesting study to the anthropologist. I have examined the collection
+of relics on Larimer street, and I have here the skull I examined
+Tuesday evening, as well as two others kindly loaned to me by the
+proprietors of that collection."
+
+"Can you tell anything of the mental characteristics of the wearers of
+these skulls, Professor?"
+
+"Oh, yes," said the phrenologist, smiling. "The skull is an absolute
+index of the character, and, as long as it holds together, is a better
+monument than 'storied urn or animated bust' to those who have the skill
+to read it. The skulls of these Cliff Dwellers furnish us with much more
+accurate information than the other relics, concerning their habits and
+character.
+
+"For example, one of their striking peculiarities is a decided talent
+for music. Nearly every skull in the collection shows it. After I had
+remarked this fact to the proprietor of the exhibit, Mr. McLoyd, showed
+me a very well-preserved fragment of a flute which is in the collection.
+The skulls of these people, however, bear a more eloquent testimonial to
+their musical genius than this fragment of their musical instrument.
+
+"The peculiar form of the Cliff Dweller's skull is produced by some
+custom of the tribe in binding the infant upon a board or other
+substance. This is proved by the fact that the flatness of the back head
+is uniformly at the same angle, and that the upper tables of the skull
+give evidence of abnormal pressure. There is also in this collection one
+skull which is an exception, and shows exactly the development we would
+expect to find in a normal form when such pressure was not applied. The
+skull is that of a young female, and in outline it is strikingly like
+that of the ordinary Caucasian skull. In fact, I would pronounce it a
+Caucasian skull were it not for the structure of the superior maxillary
+bone, which shows a radical departure from the type of either of the
+five present races. The Cliff Dwellers are more like the Caucasian than
+the Indian, and more like the Hindoo than either. That they possessed a
+higher order of intellect than any Indian tribe of which we have
+knowledge does not admit of doubt.
+
+"The most striking peculiarity of these skulls is their delicate and yet
+strong quality. The grain or texture of the bone is much more delicate
+and fine than the average of Caucasian skulls that belong to the
+uneducated classes. The illumination of the skull discloses some
+interesting facts. It is well known to phrenologists that the skull is
+thinner in those regions that are most constantly used in the mental
+habits of the individual. The illumination of the skulls of these two
+youths (here Professor Windsor inserted a lighted taper in each)
+discloses a nearly uniform thinness of the entire skull, showing that
+they exercised all the faculties of the mind. The skull of this old
+warrior, however, presents a different appearance under the same test.
+You will notice that the illumination is confined to that portion of the
+skull lying around the base of the brain, and running highest in the
+forehead. The conclusion to be drawn from this is that the individual
+who once wore this skull was a man of very practical intellect. The
+perceptive organs, the knowing and reasoning faculties, executive
+ability and the social organs of amativeness and friendship,
+particularly the latter, are all bright and particularly well developed.
+
+"The abnormal width of the Cliff Dweller's skull through the middle
+section, and the massive, dome-like forehead, is due in a measure to the
+crowding forward of the brain from the pressure which produced the
+flattening of the occiput. Any normal head with such a development would
+show a thinness of the bone in that region, whereas the opacity of the
+warrior's skull is remarkable in that region. If we may take the skull
+of this female, which has not been subjected to this pressure, as a type
+of the race, we are justified in considering the Cliff Dwellers as a
+people remarkably agreeable in traits of character. All the domestic
+propensities which form the basis of the family relation, the love of
+offspring, of friends and neighbors, are remarkably well developed.
+There is a magnificent moral influence shown in the development of
+conscientiousness, approbativeness and caution. The latter organ is so
+large as to suggest cowardice, but these people undoubtedly lived in an
+age when circumspection and eternal vigilance was the price of existence
+as well as of liberty.
+
+"I notice that the writer of the article on the Cliff Dwellers in last
+_Sunday's Republican_ makes the statement that they apparently had
+neither literature nor religion. He bases his assertions on the fact
+that he does not find altars or writings among their possessions. But
+appearances are against him. They apparently had both, from the
+structure of their skulls. The Cliff Dweller is largely endowed with the
+artistic and constructive organs of the brain with an unlimited capacity
+for invention and designing. Savage races far below him in these
+qualities have literature, and it is unreasonable to suppose that having
+these qualities both large and active, he did not use them. As to his
+religion, the single exception to the uniform opacity of the warrior's
+skull above mentioned in the crown of the head is in the organ of
+veneration. He did not have enough of spirituality and faith to supply a
+Methodist camp meeting, but he undoubtedly reverenced the Great Spirit
+and invoked the patronage of the god which he could comprehend. The
+other two skulls show as good a development of the religious organs as
+you will find in a general average of any Sunday-school in Denver. The
+Cliff Dwellers were undoubtedly religious.
+
+"In physical structure the Cliff Dweller presents a greater variety than
+is found in any race except the Caucasian. Their warriors were
+undoubtedly men of great endurance and strong physique with a good size
+of body. There were also among them types of character delicate in the
+extreme and possessing but little endurance. As a race they depended on
+prudence rather than strength for safety. They were shrewd, circumspect
+and diplomatic. In complexion they were darker than the Caucasian and
+much lighter than the American Indian. In diet they were almost if not
+quite exclusively graminivorous, living on grain and eating that raw."
+
+"How do you tell that? Professor," asked the scribe. "Isn't that getting
+things down very fine for so long a lapse of time?"
+
+"Oh, no; just look at the teeth of all these skulls and you will see
+that they are worn--even these young skulls which have not developed the
+wisdom teeth have the molars half worn away. The canine teeth are almost
+rudimentary in these skulls--in the carnivorous races of men they are
+very large. The condition of these teeth could only be produced by such
+a diet. If the Cliff Dweller had subsisted to any extent on meat or had
+eaten his grain cooked, he would not have worn the teeth one-quarter as
+much at the age of these younger skulls. Moreover, he did not use
+tobacco, which also leaves its mark on the skull, in the deterioration
+of certain organs of the brain, which, to the credit of the Cliff
+Dwellers, are well developed.
+
+"If it is true that--
+
+   'The evil that men do lives after them,
+    The good is oft interred with their bones--'
+
+it is equally true, that by resurrecting the bones we may read the
+history of both the evil and the good."
+
+
+
+
+A PHRENOLOGICAL STUDY.
+
+    Henry W. Grady's Character Analyzed by an Expert. What a Study
+    of the Mask and of Photograph Shows--His Wonderful Brain and its
+    Wonderful Capacity.
+
+    _Atlanta Constitution._
+
+
+"Yes, I have given the character of Henry W. Grady considerable study,
+as I do in the case of all men who attract public attention by their
+graces, gifts and accomplishments, or by the lack of those attributes."
+
+The speaker was Professor William Windsor, LL. B., phrenologist and
+anthropologist, whose lectures last week at the Guard's armory
+interested the people of Atlanta in the study of human character.
+
+"Mr. Grady has interested me ever since I first heard of him, and I had
+looked forward to meeting him personally here in Atlanta this winter,
+ever since my route was mapped out for the season. I feel a sense of
+personal bereavement in his death, for his characteristics were as
+vividly impressed upon my mind by the study I had made of the man as
+others experience from personal contact."
+
+"Perhaps you can tell us something of the character of Mr. Grady as
+viewed from the standpoint of your science that will be interesting,
+Professor," suggested a representative of THE CONSTITUTION, and the
+party of interested gentlemen drew more closely around the philosopher.
+
+"Yes, indeed," answered Professor Windsor, "but to me the contemplation
+of the character of Mr. Grady, at this time, is too much like viewing
+the wreck of a grand ship which was freighted with a precious cargo, and
+trying to estimate the loss. There isn't much comfort in it, except in
+the fact that a correct estimate of the virtues and accomplishments of
+such a man, at a time when the community is still shocked at the
+calamity of his demise, is a powerful incentive to emulation on the part
+of other and younger men.
+
+"From the phrenological standpoint Mr. Grady's characteristics present
+an interesting study, while his known accomplishments are a wonderful
+confirmation of the correctness of the theory upon which we estimate
+mental power, namely, that size of brain is the measure of power, when
+temperament, quality and health of body are sufficient to support the
+brain. Comprehensive greatness is never manifested by a small brain. I
+have been placed in possession of very accurate measurements of Mr.
+Grady's head through the courtesy of Mr. Frazee, the Atlanta
+sculptor who has a cast of the face and forehead made from the body
+of Mr. Grady, and hence strictly correct in dimensions. I have also had
+the benefit of numerous photographs, in which the phrenological features
+are distinctly preserved.
+
+"Mr. Grady possessed a strong endowment of the magnetic temperament
+which gives a strong circulation of blood and a great activity of
+mentality. His height and weight show him to have had sufficient
+vitality to sustain his brain, and there was just enough of the electric
+temperament in him to darken his eyes and hair and give him intensity of
+feeling and action. His quality was exceedingly responsive and delicate,
+and these attributes are necessary to the class of orators to which he
+belonged.
+
+"The size of his brain compares favorably with what is known of other
+intellectual giants, as the following measurements will demonstrate. The
+actual circumference of the head around the base of the brain was
+twenty-four inches. The measurement from ear to ear over the top of the
+head fifteen and a half inches, while the forehead measures from ear to
+ear over the perceptives twelve and a half inches, and from the same
+points over the region of sympathy fourteen inches. The massing of the
+intellect, it will be seen, was in the upper portion of the forehead;
+and that region shows a remarkable development of benevolence, suavity,
+causality, comparison and imitation.
+
+"The most remarkable development, however, is in the organ of
+constructiveness, which gives a lateral expansion to the forehead which
+is almost enormous. This faculty is necessary to the correlation of
+thoughts and ideas, the construction of sentences and the formation of
+schemes and plans. As an inventor, Mr. Grady was superb, and his large
+sympathy would naturally lead him to the invention of social plans and
+philanthropic enterprises rather than machinery.
+
+"His large language is indicated by the fullness under the eye. The
+phrenological organ of language lies above and behind the eye, and when
+large presses the eyeball forward and downward causing a fullness or
+sack under the eye which is very prominent in Mr. Grady's portraits. In
+the power and scope of this feature he had more development than either
+Webster or Ingersoll.
+
+"His large suavity enabled him to use his language in a way that pleased
+even his antagonists. Mr. Grady was emphatically combative, as shown by
+full development behind and between the ears, where the cast measures
+six inches in diameter, but it was the combativeness which showed itself
+in force and energy rather than contention. His combativeness was
+harnessed to his suavity, and he could be forcible and at the same time
+persuasive.
+
+"These qualities were re-inforced by remarkable firmness, as shown by
+the measurement over the top of the head, where the development is a
+half-inch in excess of that of Daniel Webster, and a quarter inch above
+that of Napoleon Bonaparte. This characteristic is also shown in the
+projection forward of the lower lip, caused by habitual compression in
+the exercise of this faculty.
+
+"In this connection, it is interesting to note a comparison of Mr.
+Grady's head with the measurement of other noted personages. Here is a
+table which I have compiled, and which you will find entertaining,"
+continued the phrenologist, as he unfolded a paper with the figures
+herewith reproduced:
+
+    __________________________________________________
+                       |              |
+                       | Size around  | Size from ear
+                       | the head     |  to ear over
+           NAME.       | at base of   |  top of head
+                       | brain.       |  at organ of
+                       |              |  firmness.
+    ___________________|______________|_______________
+                       |              |
+    Henry W. Grady     |   24    in.  |   15.5  in.
+    Henry Clay         |   23.25 "    |   14.25 "
+    Daniel Webster     |   25    "    |   15    "
+    John Quincy Adams  |   22.5  "    |   15    "
+    Thomas H. Benton   |   23    "    |   15    "
+    Napoleon Bonaparte |   23.25 "    |   15.25 "
+                       |______________|_______________
+                       |              |
+    Average            |   23.5  in.  |   15    in.
+                       |______________|_______________
+                       |              |
+    Average of human   |              |
+      race             |   21    in.  |   14    in.
+   ____________________|______________|_______________
+
+"From these figures," continued Professor Windsor, "we may draw a
+melancholy conclusion of the power Mr. Grady might have exhibited had he
+lived to ripen into perfect development. It will be seen at once that
+only one of these distinguished characters had the advantage of him in
+size of brain at the base, and that is Daniel Webster, whose character
+was more remarkable for ponderous greatness than brilliancy, and Mr.
+Grady's head rises a half inch higher than his in the moral region.
+Between the two measurements there is a comparative difference of one
+and a half inches, in the heads of Webster and Grady. That inch and a
+half marks the difference between the debauched sensuality of the 'Lion
+of the North' and the moral graces of the 'Apostle of the New South.'
+
+"The extra inch in the basilar circumference of the head of Daniel
+Webster was due to an enormous development of social propensities which
+in his case carried him beyond a correct balance and resulted in
+notorious licentiousness, because there was not enough of the moral
+sentiments in the crown of the head to control them. Mr. Grady's head,
+on the other hand, was not remarkable in the development of these
+propensities. He had enough of amativeness to give him a proper
+appreciation of women and the delights of sociability, but his love
+manifested itself more through the intellect than the passions, and his
+social nature was of that diffusive character which manifests itself
+in the formation of popular attachment rather than exclusive
+friendships. There are many men undoubtedly to-day who pride themselves
+on being among the intimate friends of the deceased who would be
+surprised to know how many others have reason to entertain the same
+feeling. When the social propensities are larger than Mr. Grady's, the
+possessor is likely to form such exclusive attachments that the energies
+are expended in promoting the interests of individuals rather than those
+of the masses."
+
+"From your view of the nature of the man, Professor, what would you
+consider Mr. Grady's chief fault?"
+
+"The lack of self-esteem. That organ is one of the smallest in the whole
+line of development, and was, unquestionably, his weakness, as it is
+unfortunately of too many of our best men. He did not comprehend his own
+importance, nor realize the value of his own personality. This defect is
+directly chargeable with his illness and death. Had he possessed a
+larger development of this organ, he would have been more cautious
+concerning his health and personal exposure. There is a kind of
+unselfish extravagance in this direction which leads to deplorable
+results. A more selfish nature will husband its strength and escape
+calamity. Had he realized his own value sufficiently, he would not have
+gone to Boston on that fatal trip, and overtaxed his vitality. He did
+not comprehend the dignity of his character on any occasion. His friends
+say that he was as genial and approachable as a school boy, and that is
+what I should expect to find in a head like his. We might have contented
+ourselves, however, with a more distant manner and a more haughty
+nature, for the sake of his self-preservation.
+
+"There is profit in the study of human nature. We may contemplate the
+characters of the great to arouse emulation, of the moderately endowed
+to suggest improvement, and of the weak to guard against their failures.
+Phrenology enables us to form correct estimates in each case, to praise
+without flattery and to criticise without injustice. There is value in
+the perpetuation of the physical forms of the illustrious dead upon
+'storied urn and animated bust,' as well as in polished granite and
+enduring marble. For while these monuments cannot
+
+   'Back to its mansion call the fleeting breath,'
+
+still the inspired features and lines of development bear eloquent
+testimony to the practicability of human improvement, just as
+
+   'Lives of great men all remind us,
+      We can make our lives sublime;
+    And, departing, leave behind us,
+      Footprints in the sands of time.'"
+
+
+
+
+WAS HAWES INSANE?
+
+    A Scientist's Theory of a Most Atrocious Crime--What Professor
+    Windsor Says of Hawes' Mental Peculiarities--Insanity Which the
+    Courts Will Soon Recognize.
+
+    [From the Birmingham (Ala.) _Age-Herald_.]
+
+
+Prof. William Windsor, LL. B., the noted specialist in phrenology and
+medical jurisprudence, was seen by an _Age-Herald_ reporter at the
+Caldwell hotel last night, and in answer to interrogatories, made a
+number of interesting statements concerning the Hawes tragedy.
+
+Professor Windsor has had many years of experience as an expert in the
+study of insanity in its various phases, and particularly in reference
+to crimes and their origin. He enjoys a national reputation in his
+special lines of study, and his conclusions have the weight of
+scientific authority.
+
+In regard to the subject of discussion, he said: "I have been greatly
+interested in the case of Dick Hawes ever since the publication of the
+tragedy, and have made an exhaustive study, both of the man and the
+circumstances of the case. Of course, in the mass of conflicting
+statements contained in the evidence, it is impossible to know with
+definite certainty just how the crime was committed; but the confessions
+of Hawes and the testimony all agree that the man deliberately planned
+and executed the murder of his family. Whether he had the bloody work
+done or accomplished it with his own hands does not concern us so much
+as the fact that motives and impulses existed in the mind of a husband
+and father for the destruction of the lives of those he was bound to
+protect, and that those impulses were sufficiently strong to accomplish
+the execution of the crime.
+
+"The study of the origin of these motives and impulses are highly
+interesting, in view of the fact that they point to conditions of
+society that are potent for the breeding of similar crimes.
+
+"To my mind the key-note to the whole case is found in one of the
+remarks made by Hawes while standing on the gallows, to-wit: 'I want all
+you boys to let liquor and vile women alone; see what it has done for
+me.'
+
+"A careful phrenological estimate of Dick Hawes discloses the fact that
+he was above an average in appearance, physique and mentality. His brain
+is massive and of good quality, though uncultivated. It is not lacking
+in the organs of benevolence, sympathy and agreeableness; in reason,
+perception or reflection. He had sufficient caution and
+conscientiousness to understand right and wrong, and the consequences of
+both. There was enough of the affections and social qualities to make
+him very attractive to women and children, as his history fully shows,
+all of which is fully shown by the fact that he discharged the duties of
+a responsible position for years, and commanded a reasonable degree of
+respect. Such men do not commit crime while in a normal condition. It is
+as physically impossible as it is for water to run up hill.
+
+"When the domestic relations of such men are blasted by association with
+prostitutes or by the unchastity of their own wives, a species of
+insanity results, which completely reverses the ego or personality of
+the man. I have observed hundreds of such cases, and have never seen an
+exception to the rule. In scientific parlance his condition is known as
+'reversed amativeness,' or a revolution of character, brought about by
+an inflamed or abnormal condition of amativeness, the organ of sexual
+love. As in a normal state this organ electrifies and strengthens every
+natural affection, making every faculty more exquisitely perfect, so in
+its inflamed or reversed state it leads to the entire obliteration of
+every rational sentiment.
+
+"The particular direction in which this obliteration may manifest itself
+depends largely on the temperament of the individual and the
+circumstances of the case. In some men it results in paralysis of the
+energies, changing the character into shiftlessness. In other cases it
+results in destroying the moral sense, but does not amount to positive
+viciousness, while on the other hand it may result as it unquestionably
+did in this case, in absolutely perverting the affections so as to
+render the man incapable of the natural feelings of a husband and
+father, and supplying motives which seem to be of the most inhuman
+character. They are inhuman and unnatural, but in such cases it is not
+correct to hold the man as responsible for the deplorable results unless
+it is clearly proved that the mental unbalance was brought about by his
+own acts, performed in a state of conscious free will. The law clearly
+recognizes that the drunken man is insane, and holds him responsible for
+his acts committed while drunk, if he became drunk through his own
+volition. If the liquor is proved to have been forced down his throat or
+he has been drugged by some one else and his mental balance dethroned
+thereby, he is not responsible.
+
+"It is a very nice question to decide in this Hawes case whether the
+depraved condition alluded to was the result of his own acts or of his
+domestic troubles. There is no doubt in my mind but that the species of
+insanity referred to, existed in the mind of Hawes at the time of the
+tragedy.
+
+"It is a principle in medical jurisprudence that the more atrocious the
+crime the stronger is the presumption of insanity in the perpetrator. It
+is a fact wholly creditable to human nature that horrible crimes are
+rarely, if ever, committed by persons in a normal state of existence.
+The popular mind is not prepared to receive evidence of insanity in such
+cases because of the revengeful feeling which naturally animates the
+minds of men under such circumstances. And there is another difficulty
+in the way of justice in the fact that this form of insanity is rarely
+accompanied by such evidences of mania as the uninstructed would demand
+as necessary to constitute insanity. The perverted state of the
+affections and the judgment are not necessarily accompanied by the wild
+ravings and glassy eyes of the lunatic. Emotional insanity of this type
+is only temporary. It may, also, only affect a few faculties of the mind
+necessary to the perpetration of the deed, while the mental balance of
+nine-tenths of the man may remain undisturbed.
+
+"The great fact remains, in any case, that by harlotry, licentiousness
+and prostitution the grandest intellects are overturned and the most
+harrowing discords produced in society. As long as society tolerates
+conditions of ignorance in regard to sexuality, and fosters or permits
+establishments having for their avowed purpose the excitement of the
+passions and the obliteration of the virtues, we will continue to have
+repetitions of tragedies similar to the case of Hawes."
+
+
+
+
+HOW LIVING HEADS AND DEAD SKULLS ARE MEASURED.
+
+    An Interview With Prof. William Windsor, LL. B., the
+    Distinguished Phrenologist, Lecturer and Traveler.
+
+    [From the Memphis (Tenn.) _Appeal_.]
+
+
+For several years the citizens of Memphis have not had an opportunity to
+hear a discussion of the principles of the science of phrenology, or
+character reading. The announcement in yesterday's _Appeal_ of the
+series of entertainments to be given in the Young Men's Hebrew
+Association Hall, by Prof. Wm. Windsor, LL. B., beginning to-night,
+prompted a reporter to call at the Gayoso hotel last night, and send his
+card to the Professor. He was cordially received by the Professor's
+wife, Mme. Lilla D. Windsor, a lady of elegant presence and charming
+affability of manner, in their private parlors on the first floor, and
+agreeably entertained until the Professor dismissed several who had
+called for professional services.
+
+"The science of phrenology," said Professor Windsor, smiling, after the
+usual greetings and upon learning the object of the visit, "is very much
+misunderstood. It is a popular error to suppose that we depend upon an
+examination of depressions and ridges in the cranium, commonly termed
+'bumps,' when, in fact, a phrenological examination is based upon a
+critical inspection of the entire physiological structure and condition,
+including comparative development of size and configuration of brain,
+as I shall demonstrate in the lectures.
+
+"Come this way," said the Professor, leading to another apartment where
+a uniformed employe was engaged in unpacking several enormous
+trunks. "Look at these skulls. Here is the skull of a man executed at
+forty years of age who murdered a family of six persons in Mississippi
+in 1842. Contrast it with this skull of a harmless old negress who died
+at the comfortable age of 108, and you will see how much difference
+there is in heads," and the phrenologist demonstrated by actual
+measurement that there was over four inches difference in comparative
+development. He also exhibited to the reporter a number of other crania
+showing equal diversity of growth.
+
+"I shall exhibit these crania at the free lectures and demonstrate the
+scientific principle upon which phrenology rests," continued the
+Professor, as he conducted the reporter through an inspection of the
+outfit. "Here are the three smallest mummies in the world, besides many
+other specimens which I use in my physiological lectures to the sexes
+separately. I also use a number of portraits and diagrams in my lectures
+on matrimony and physiognomy; but the real demonstration, of the utility
+of the work is made in public examinations of leading citizens selected
+by the audience. It is a fact that character can be read, and read
+correctly, and if this be true, all that I claim for the science in
+adapting young men, women and children to proper studies, professions,
+trades, etc., follows logically and as a matter of course. It also
+follows that if one character can be measured scientifically, a proper
+choice for associates in matrimony, business partnerships, etc., can be
+indicated. It is the purpose of the lectures to demonstrate these facts
+to the satisfaction of the public.
+
+"The first lecture will be devoted to an exposition of scientific
+principles, the second to the application of these principles in choice
+of professions and trades, the third to the consideration of matrimony."
+
+"What shade of meaning do you attach to the word 'anthropologist' as
+used by you, Professor?"
+
+"The word signifies, in its broadest sense, a student of human nature.
+In its application it includes man in all his physical, mental and
+social conditions. Phrenology is the science of the mind--mental
+philosophy. Anthropology is the science of man--human philosophy. To the
+proper understanding of these great subjects we must look for the
+solution of all social problems, concerning the mental, moral and
+physical advancement of the race, or races, as the case may be."
+
+A pleasant half hour was devoted to conversation, when the reporter
+withdrew. Professor Windsor is a gentleman of genial social qualities,
+and scholarly in language and appearance. He possesses a magnificent
+physique, which he claims to have gained by a strict conformity to his
+rules of diet and habits of living. He weighs 200 pounds, uses no
+stimulants--tea, coffee or tobacco--and prides himself on being able to
+sustain fifteen hours per day of professional labor, made necessary by
+his large practice and business management. He has just closed a
+successful course of twenty-seven consecutive lectures in Kansas City,
+and does not seem in the least fatigued. The Kansas City _Star_, in
+referring to his closing lecture, speaks of it as one of the finest ever
+delivered in that metropolis.
+
+
+
+
+CRIME AND ITS CAUSES.
+
+    What a Noted Specialist Has to Say of It--Cranial Malformation
+    the Genesis of Much Crime Traced to Other Sources--An
+    Interesting Talk.
+
+    [From the Birmingham (Ala.) _Age-Herald_.]
+
+
+Prof. William Windsor, of New York, is in the city. He has a reputation
+that is almost international in his specialty; for, as a phrenologist,
+his discussion of the physical conditions which lead to crimes, have had
+a wide notoriety.
+
+Chatting with an _Age-Herald_ reporter last night, he gave a most
+interesting and instructive talk on the noted crimes that have occurred
+during the past ten years. Professor Windsor has studied most of the
+criminals that have become prominent, and in a purely scientific way he
+has gone back of the outward evidences of criminal depravity to
+understand the physical and possibly hereditary conditions that brought
+about the overt acts. His fund of information on this subject is almost
+an inexhaustible one.
+
+In discussing the Maxwell murder, he said: "I was in Texas at the time
+of the St. Louis tragedy. A friend of mine sent me a picture of the
+alleged murderer, with a request that I give my theory of the crime.
+Like many newspaper cuts, it was decidedly unsatisfactory; but the man
+who made it had caught enough of the likeness to enable me to know the
+chief characteristics of Maxwell.
+
+"Explaining the disadvantages under which I labored, I at once wrote to
+him, and gave my theory of the crime; and when, at last, the matter came
+out, I found that I was right."
+
+"Do you study every criminal case that comes under your observation?"
+
+"Of course I do. A man who is alive to science can not help doing it.
+Whenever I hear of a crime and learn the circumstances of its
+commission, I at once begin to devote my own mind to the combination of
+mental qualities which could have rendered it possible. Of course it is
+impossible to understand how some of the terrible acts could have been
+committed; but you would be surprised to know how much is revealed
+by seeing either the man or a good portion of him.
+
+"The mental characteristics of criminals have much to do with not only
+the crimes they commit, but the manner in which they perpetrate their
+deeds, and in a consideration of what has been accomplished, heredity
+plays a strong part. Some men are born with an adeptness for crime of a
+certain character. Let the opportunity arise, and they yield to the
+stress of circumstance and become guilty men. I have seen a number of
+noted criminals who would not have been such, except for the unfortunate
+circumstances that made them do an act which left them notorious."
+
+"How about these bank cashiers who keep skipping off to Canada?" was
+asked.
+
+"Well, there is one singular fact about them. The men who leave seldom
+have acquisitiveness well developed. They have not a sense of values,
+and when they are put in positions of trust, they fail to appreciate how
+much is entrusted to them."
+
+"Then they go to squandering?"
+
+"Yes, in one way that is true. They fail to appreciate their
+responsibilities and take chances. Their carelessness soon tells, and
+before they know it they are involved. This is the story of more than
+half the defalcations that have been made public during the past decade.
+It is not that the men were dishonest to begin with, but they did not
+appreciate the value of the securities that were entrusted to them, and
+by their laxity allowed themselves to become involved, and then yielded
+to temptation through a sense of shame. There are not nearly as many men
+who are criminals _per se_ as the world believes.
+
+"Many of the criminals so called are not responsible for their acts.
+Their apparent moral obliquity is, in reality, a mental deficiency, for
+which they are not any more to blame than you or I. I have seen men who
+had been guilty--yes, even convicted of most heinous crimes, who from
+the very conformation of their heads revealed certain things that, to
+say the least, should have been considered in mitigation of their
+supposed guilt.
+
+"I have made a study of criminals for years, and I think that it is safe
+to say that in most cases that have come under my observation there were
+either congenital or hereditary deformities to which the special
+obliquity could be traced. Such has been the history of crimes in all
+eras, and one only has to turn to the medical history of the world to
+see that scientific men have even given greater cognizance to these
+causes than can ever be brought before juries composed of men whose
+training has not been such as to enable them to appreciate how much
+these physical conditions have to do with the commission of crime.
+
+"I see men every day who would be criminals if the stress of
+circumstances forced them to it, and they would not be entirely
+responsible for their action. Crime has more origin in the head than the
+heart, and it is in the study of phrenology that we have the fact
+revealed."
+
+
+
+
+A MURDERER'S MENTALITY.
+
+    Fritz Anschlag, a German Farmer in Los Angeles county,
+    California, in 1888 murdered Charles Hitchcock and wife, a
+    highly respected couple living at Garden Grove in that county,
+    to obtain possession of their farm, for which a deed had been
+    executed to him, but not delivered, awaiting payment. He was
+    tried, convicted, and sentenced to hang, but defeated the law by
+    committing suicide. An interesting feature of his case was the
+    receipt of a letter from his sister in Germany, before his
+    trial, informing him of the fact that she, his parents and all
+    his relatives had utterly disowned him and regarded him with no
+    sympathy whatever. As this was done before he was proven guilty,
+    and upon mere knowledge of the accusation, it is significant in
+    showing that the whole family were as deficient in the social
+    propensities as was Anschlag himself.
+
+
+DOOMED ANSCHLAG.
+
+    A Phrenologist Examines the Murderer's Head.--The Brute Becomes
+    Angry at His Visitors, But Says Nothing--A Report of the
+    Examination.
+
+    [From the Los Angeles (Cal.) _Express_.]
+
+This morning, through the kindness of Jailor Henry Russell, an _Express_
+reporter was allowed to enter the cell of Fritz Anschlag, the condemned
+murderer of Charles Hitchcock and wife, of Garden Grove, to witness an
+examination of Anschlag's head by Prof. William Windsor, assisted by his
+wife. Jailor Russell swung open the iron door of the death-watch cell
+and allowed the reporter and the Professor, accompanied by his wife, to
+enter, and then followed himself.
+
+As the little party entered the place of confinement, Anschlag looked
+nervously around, and seeing the visitors, frowned and mumbled some
+incoherent words in German. The reporter was asked to speak to the
+murderer in German and make known to him the object of the morning's
+visit. Anschlag at first was not willing to have his head examined, but
+when assured it might be for his benefit, he readily consented.
+
+Professor Windsor smoothed back Anschlag's long straight hair from his
+forehead and running his fingers through the murderer's hair, began to
+make an examination.
+
+As the professor was going through the preliminary movements, the brute
+trembled and turned color several times. During the examination
+Professor Windsor would explain as he went along, and when finished,
+kindly gave the reporter the following written report:
+
+Anschlag's head measures twenty-two inches around the base of the brain
+and fourteen inches across the crown. His nature is peculiar in the fact
+that the organs of the brain which deal with property values, and the
+ability to make a living by ordinary transactions, are almost entirely
+idiotic. He shows a fair development of memory and perception, but his
+ability to reason upon moral questions of right and wrong, property and
+the rights of others, and the consequences of his own acts, is almost
+absolutely wanting. He is, in all respects, a moral idiot, and it is a
+noteworthy fact that the most atrocious crimes are committed by this
+class of criminal idiots. The great difficulty in his case is in
+getting the public or a jury to believe that a man may be capable of
+reasoning on one point and displaying absolutely no power to think
+correctly on the moral side of the question. The physical fact remains,
+however, that to give Anschlag correct judgment on any question
+involving property, ethics or the consequences of his own acts to
+himself or others, his head would have to be enlarged at least an inch
+in the occipital region and the posterior part of the crown.
+
+
+ANSCHLAG'S MENTALITY.
+
+    A Scientific Estimate of the Murderer's Brain--What Prof.
+    William Windsor, LL. B., the Eminent Phrenologist, Says of his
+    Mental Caliber--He Calls Him an Idiot--No More Moral Sense Than
+    a Dog--The Fault His Ancestors'.
+
+    [From the Los Angeles (Cal.) _Tribune_].
+
+Prof. William Windsor, LL. B., the phrenologist whose lectures, in Los
+Angeles, last January, excited such general interest, returned to the
+city yesterday, _en route_ for San Diego. He visited the jail yesterday
+and made an examination of Fritz Anschlag, the noted murderer of the Mr.
+and Mrs. Hitchcock. A representative of the _Tribune_ called on
+Professor Windsor at the St. Elmo and requested him to give the readers
+of this journal the results of his examination of the man whose
+atrocious crime has absorbed the attention of the public ever since its
+committal.
+
+"Anschlag is a moral idiot," said Professor Windsor, in answer to the
+first interrogatory of the scribe. "He belongs to a class of beings who,
+from the circumstances of birth and education, are destitute of the
+requisite amount of sense necessary to form a correct judgment on moral
+questions as well as many others.
+
+"It is a popular error to suppose that phrenology depends upon 'bumps,'
+so called, or protuberances or hollows in the conformation of the skull.
+The conclusions of the phrenologist are based upon estimates of brain
+fiber, their quality and length from a point in the base of the brain
+directly between the ears, to the surface. This measurement in different
+heads will show a comparative difference of three or four inches in many
+cases, though the heads may be smooth in contour and destitute of
+'bumps.' Just look at these two skulls, for instance," placing two
+ghastly objects on the table, which, by actual measurement, differed
+more than three inches.
+
+"Does Anschlag's head resemble either of these?"
+
+"Not in all particulars. This," holding up the broader of the two, "is
+the skull of Andrew J. McCannon, executed in Mississippi, more than
+forty years ago, for the murder of the Adock family, two adults and
+three children. It is a case of moral idiocy more pronounced than
+Anschlag's."
+
+"What distinction do you make, Professor, in the case of Anschlag or
+this murderer, and a case of total idiocy such as we all recognize?"
+
+"The difference is partly in degree, and partly in the fact that a man
+may be idiotic in one faculty and have all or a majority of the other
+faculties in the mind in good working order. Cases of color-blindness
+furnish a familiar example. Color-blindness is not a defect of the eye,
+but a defect of the brain. In other words, the party is destitute of the
+sense of color, and it may be readily detected by a deficiency of brain
+just above the eye.
+
+"This head of McCannon shows a good development of the base of the
+brain, giving fine energies and observation, but the entire upper story
+is taken away. Anschlag, on the other hand, shows a good development in
+front of the ears, sufficient memory, sympathy and observation to
+display more than average intelligence on some points. The organs in the
+back part of the crown and the occipital region generally, are almost
+destitute of power, and render him incapable of comprehending social
+relations, his duties towards others, or the consequences of his acts.
+He can not form a correct judgment in regard to the rights of property,
+and if he wanted anything he would steal it, without giving a thought to
+the question of right or wrong. If he were questioned whether it were
+right or wrong to steal or murder, he would answer 'wrong,' because he
+has heard others say it was wrong, and he answers from memory alone. If
+the question could be left entirely to his own judgment, he would be as
+absolutely incapable of solving it as a man who is color-blind would be
+incapable of distinguishing shades of color."
+
+"If Anschlag's head was as deficient in all points as he is in the
+region behind the ears, what would be the result?" inquired the
+reporter.
+
+"It would be much the same as this," replied the phrenologist, producing
+a cast of the head of an adult idiot "destitute of all resemblance to
+the head of a human being, and showing a short development of brain
+fiber at all points. It is a noteworthy fact that the most revolting
+crimes are generally committed by the insane and the morally idiotic
+because their condition renders them incapable of understanding the
+moral side of the question. A single life or a dozen lives which stand
+in the way of their accomplishing a purpose, are regarded by them as
+simply so many obstacles to be overcome, and if, as in Anschlag's case,
+the organs giving conscientiousness and fear of consequences are weak,
+they will not hesitate to destroy life to carry out a design."
+
+"Do you consider Anschlag insane within the meaning of the law as to
+responsibility for crime?"
+
+"He is idiotic in the particulars mentioned, and is incapable of
+exercising moral responsibility in any case. He is likely to commit
+homicide upon any occasion which may seem to him to be expedient. I
+would not hold him responsible more than I would hold a horse, dog, or
+any other animal incapable of correct reason."
+
+"Where, then, would you fix the responsibility for the murder of the
+victims?"
+
+"Upon Anschlag's parents and ancestors generally, and upon the condition
+of society which permits marriages and sexual conditions in parents
+which can not bring about other than deplorable results. Anschlag's
+condition is the result of ignorant violation of natural law on the part
+of his ancestors, dating back for generations. Much could have been done
+for him by a proper education. That it was not done is merely another
+unfortunate link in a melancholy chain of calamities."
+
+
+
+
+PHRENOLOGY IN POLITICS.
+
+    Some Important Facts in Physiology Which Politicians Do not Take
+    into Account--The Lessons of the Recent Election Considered From
+    a Phrenological Standpoint--Characteristics of Some Leading Men.
+
+    [From the Dallas (Texas) _News_, Nov. 10, 1888.]
+
+
+"There are some facts which play an important part in politics," said
+Prof. Wm. Windsor, the phrenologist, to a _News_ representative last
+night after the professor had dismissed his audience in Hill's business
+college hall after an interesting lecture on physiognomy, "which
+politicians, as a rule, do not consider. Of course any man of
+intelligence who plays long at the game of politics comes to possess a
+certain kind of shrewdness in judging human nature; but very few of
+them are able to recognize and define the subtile constitutional
+influences which predetermine the success or failure of the aspirant for
+political honors. Such influences, however, exist, and other things
+being equal, or approximately so, it is entirely possible to select, out
+of a number of candidates, the ones who will succeed by sheer force of
+physical attributes. There are men who are by nature qualified to lead
+in great enterprises, and they owe their success in attracting the
+support of their followers not so much to the development of intellect
+and shrewdness as to the strong attachment arising from a large
+development of the brain back of the ears in those regions which give
+courage and social fraternity. After many years' careful study of the
+subject, I am positive in the opinion that a strong preponderance of the
+electric temperament is of the greatest importance in the constitutional
+qualifications of a man who assumes the task of a political race in
+anything of higher moment than a county election. The magnetic
+temperament seems to be particularly unfortunate in political contests."
+
+"What are the distinguishing characteristics of these temperaments?"
+
+"The electric is the brunette, the magnetic is the blonde. Of the
+former, General Harrison is a fine example; so were his ancestors, who
+have played a conspicuous part in history. The electric temperament is
+dark and swarthy in complexion, angular in configuration, tenacious and
+strong in texture, and possesses a well-rounded back head, giving large
+organs of social fraternity, courage, caution and self-reliance. In
+General Harrison, these traits are somewhat softened by a superabundant
+vitality, but the traits are all there. John A. Logan was a magnificent
+type of this temperament. Abraham Lincoln personified it in all its
+angularity and simplicity. Governor Ross, of this State, is strongly
+marked with it; while, to come nearer home, your own Barney Gibbs is as
+good an example of the vital phase of it as Lincoln was of the motive.
+Nearly all the Presidents of the United States were strongly endowed
+with this temperament, except Rutherford B. Hayes, who, on the contrary,
+was a fine example of the magnetic. You will remember that he was a sort
+of accidental President, anyhow, and that he was the result of a
+compromise in his own party, in a convention in which several electric
+temperament candidates had produced a deadlock. You will also remember
+that his administration was characterized by no act of National
+importance and that at its close he was relegated to an obscurity such
+as has never befallen any other ex-President."
+
+"How about the National legislature?"
+
+"Three-fourths of the members of Congress and a greater proportion of
+the Senate are brunettes. The same rule holds good in State legislatures
+as far as I have observed. The temperament which stands second best in
+political preferment is the magnetic mental. Sam J. Tilden, Levi P.
+Morton and Thomas A. Hendricks represent this type. It owes its success
+to the depth and intensity of its intellectual development, which
+frequently creates a demand for its services in great emergencies. It is
+characterized by brilliancy, integrity and the ability to accumulate a
+barrel of money, which is also useful in political emergencies."
+
+"If the blonde is a failure in politics, wherein does he find his proper
+sphere of usefulness?"
+
+"The blonde is an organization of wonderful versatility and commands
+influence and wins applause in vocations calling for spirit and vigor
+displayed at short and frequent intervals, rather than for continued
+tension on the nerves and muscles. He is warm, enthusiastic, generous,
+impulsive, and deficient in the selfish propensities and in ambition. He
+loves display and would like to have power, but is inadequate to the
+continued effort and the endurance necessary to obtain it. He wields a
+more potent influence in the pulpit, on the rostrum or in journalism.
+George W. Peck, T. DeWitt Talmage and R. B. Hayes represent three
+different types of this temperament all possessing these attributes."
+
+"What about Cleveland and Blaine?"
+
+"Cleveland and Blaine are both examples of modified forms of the
+Magnetic temperament, more marked in Blaine's case than in Cleveland's.
+The student of politics will do well to observe that the defeat of
+Blaine in 1884 and of Cleveland in 1888 were both due to defections from
+their own ranks toward opponents of greater power in the particulars
+mentioned. Reasoning from purely physiological grounds, I believe
+Cleveland would have defeated Blaine had he been renominated in 1888.
+The study of human nature from any standpoint is interesting; doubly so
+when viewed in the light of great events which 'try men's souls,' in
+fact, whether they be Presidential elections, the clash of armies or the
+great discoveries of scientific students."
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: PHRENOLOGY SYMBOLIZED.
+
+  Copyright, 1895-
+  BY
+  PROF. WM. WINDSOR, LL. B., Ph. D.
+
+The Symbolical Phrenological Head, Showing the Location of the organs of
+the Brain.]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: GROUPS OF ORGANS.]
+
+DEFINITIONS OF THE FACULTIES OF INTELLIGENCE.
+
+
+PHYSICAL LOVE.
+
+_Amativeness_--Reproductive love; love of the opposite sex, and desire
+to unite in sexual relations and enjoy its company.
+
+_Sexuality_--Sexual friendship and fidelity.
+
+_Philoprogenitiveness_--Parental love; love of offspring and pets.
+
+_Friendship_--Adhesiveness; gregariousness; love of family; desire for
+companionship; attachment to friends.
+
+_Inhabitiveness_--Love of home, place of abode; love of country and
+offensive and defensive patriotism.
+
+_Continuity_--The faculty of connection. The ability to comprehend
+continuousness or interruption; to give undivided and continued
+attention to one subject, or to interrupt intelligently; application,
+connectedness.
+
+
+ENERGY.
+
+_Vitativeness_--The love of life; desire to exist.
+
+_Combativeness_--Defense; courage; defiance; force of character, energy
+and indignation.
+
+_Executiveness_--Executive ability; extermination; thoroughness and
+severity.
+
+_Alternativeness_--Desire for food and drink; faculty of discriminating
+taste.
+
+_Acquisitiveness_--Desire for property; industry; economy in acquiring
+property; realization of value.
+
+_Secretiveness_--Reserve; concealment; policy; conservatism.
+
+_Caution_--Prudence; solicitude; timidity; fear; apprehension of
+danger.
+
+
+DIGNITY.
+
+_Approbativeness_--Love of display; the desire to please; ambition to
+gain admiration and popularity.
+
+_Self-esteem_--Dignity; governing power; independence; self-love.
+
+_Firmness_--Stability; perseverance; decision; inflexibility of purpose.
+
+_Justice_--Righteousness; integrity; circumspection; scrupulousness in
+matters of duty.
+
+
+SYMPATHY.
+
+_Hope_--Belief in future joy; tendency to high expectations.
+
+_Faith_--Trust and belief. Confidence.
+
+_Veneration_--Reverence and worship; deference for superiors, and
+submission to superior power.
+
+_Benevolence_--The desire to do good; sympathy; philanthropy.
+
+_Imitation_--The copying faculty. The ability to conform to existing
+customs, conditions and facts by imitating them.
+
+_Sympathy_--The power to discern motives, character and qualities in
+other persons by sympathetic action.
+
+_Suavity_--Agreeableness; tendency to speak and act in a pleasant
+manner.
+
+
+OBJECTIVE INTELLECT.
+
+_Individuality_--Observation and desire to see things, to identify and
+separate objects.
+
+_Form_--Observation of the shape of things. Sensitiveness to correctness
+or the lack of it in shapes.
+
+_Size_--Power to measure distances, quantities and sizes.
+
+_Weight_--Perception of the effect of gravity, and sense of the
+perpendicular.
+
+_Color_--The discrimination of hues and colors.
+
+_Order_--Faculty of arrangement; method; system; neatness.
+
+_Number_--The power to count, enumerate, reckon, etc.; faculty of
+calculation.
+
+_Motion_--Ability to comprehend movement. Love of motion, sailing,
+navigation, riding, dancing, etc.
+
+_Experience_--The historic faculty; faculty of experience and
+occurrence.
+
+_Locality_--Discernment of position, perception of place.
+
+_Time_--Consciousness of duration; faculty of time, promptness.
+
+_Tune_--Appreciation of sound; ability to distinguish musical tones.
+
+_Constructiveness_--Dexterity and ingenuity; ability in construction;
+faculty of adjustment.
+
+_Language_--Power of expression and ability to talk; verbal expression;
+vocabulary.
+
+
+SUBJECTIVE INTELLECT.
+
+_Causality_--The ability to comprehend principles, and to think
+abstractly; to understand the relation between cause and effect.
+
+_Comparison_--The analyzing, illustrating and comparing faculty.
+
+_Ideality_--Love of the beautiful; desire for perfection, refinement.
+
+_Sublimity_--Love of grandeur and the stupendous; appreciation of the
+terrific.
+
+_Mirthfulness_--Wit; humor; love of fun.
+
+
+
+
+THE PHRENOLOGICAL EXAMINATION.
+
+
+The Phrenological Examination is designed to show in an accurate and
+scientific manner the size and development of _Brain_ of the person
+measured, and to furnish a basis upon which an accurate and reliable
+knowledge of the character may be determined. The measurements can only
+be correctly made by an expert familiar with the principles of
+_Phrenology_. When these measurements are determined according to the
+system, the Phrenologist is enabled to make a Complete Delineation of
+the character, describing the amount and kind of sense possessed by the
+individual, his adaptation to a particular _Business, Trade or
+Profession_, where that kind and amount of Intelligence is required, the
+adaptation in _Matrimony or Business Partnership_, together with special
+directions as to faults and how to correct them, health and longevity
+and how to secure both. The expert must be able to judge the
+Physiological Condition, Temperament and Organic Quality of the
+individual with scientific accuracy, and these are important elements in
+a scientific delineation of character.
+
+Phrenological Examinations are said to be given _orally_ when no record
+is made of the conclusions of the examiner. A Phrenological Chart is a
+blank prepared for concise written statements; and the chart filled out
+is said to constitute a Delineation of Character.
+
+Phrenometrical Measurements are given by means of the _Phrenometer_, an
+instrument used for measuring the head, by which the exact form and size
+of sections of the head can be reproduced upon diagrams prepared for the
+purpose. This is the most valuable and reliable way of making an
+examination.
+
+A phrenograph is a written description of the character of an
+individual, giving all the minute points and shadings of character in
+the language of the examiner, and its value depends upon the perspicuity
+and literary expression of the writer not less than upon his skill as a
+phrenologist.
+
+[Illustration: PROF. WINDSOR'S ASSISTANTS MAKING A PHRENOMETRICAL SURVEY.]
+
+It must be evident from the foregoing that the value of the service
+rendered by the phrenologist varies, as in all other professions,
+according to his education and training, the instruments with which he
+works, the elaborateness of the product and the adaptation of the
+phrenologist to his own business.
+
+The public should be warned against patronizing men who practice
+Phrenology in a way that would bring any business into ridicule. Men who
+are uneducated, who do not use the latest and best equipments, who have
+never had any professional training, who do not comprehend professional
+ethics or dignity, and who do not possess the elements of success in
+their own characters, are hardly the ones to whom an intelligent man
+would submit the most important questions concerning his own welfare
+with the hope of receiving competent advice. But Phrenology has been
+cursed with this class of quacks, perhaps even more than the profession
+of medicine. And it is largely due to the stupendous blunders of such
+pretenders that Phrenology is not recognized more generally by
+intelligent scientists. Considered in its beauty and simplicity, it
+certainly offers a more rational and practical system of mental
+philosophy than has ever been otherwise formulated.
+
+
+EXAMPLES OF PHRENOMETRICAL MEASUREMENTS.
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 1. COMBATIVE.]
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 2. NON-COMBATIVE.]
+
+Sections of base of brain, showing development of physical energy. The
+dotted lines in Fig. 2 show the deficiency in alimentiveness,
+executiveness and combativeness.
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 3. NON-SYMPATHETIC.]
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 4. SYMPATHETIC.]
+
+Profile sections showing development of sympathy and dignity. The dotted
+line in Fig. 3 shows deficiency in Human Nature and Benevolence.
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 5. MODERATE CAPACITY.]
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 6. GREAT CAPACITY.]
+
+Two sections of the region of subjective intellect, showing different
+capacities of two individuals.
+
+
+EXAMINATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS.
+
+Phrenological examinations can be made from photographs with accuracy,
+provided the photograph is a correct likeness, and some additional
+information can be supplied. Owing to obvious difficulties, absolute
+correctness cannot be guaranteed, but the results are sufficiently
+valuable to justify the expedient wherever it is impossible to submit
+the living head.
+
+To obtain satisfactory results the photograph should be cabinet size,
+and should show the form of the head and face as plainly as possible.
+Very little can be told from a photograph when a hat is worn, or when
+the personality is covered with millinery, wigs, bangs, uniforms, etc.,
+etc.
+
+A plain photograph, showing a three-quarter view of the face, is best.
+Front views and profiles are valuable for some points and worthless for
+others. When it is possible, a three-quarter view, front and profile may
+all be submitted with good results.
+
+The forms of examinations and charts from photographs and prices charged
+for the service are the same as for the living subject, except that the
+Phrenometer measurements cannot be given from a photograph, and an oral
+examination cannot be given by mail.
+
+Persons who have already been examined by me and who hold certificates
+for Forms II, III or IV, may have opinions on Business Partnership or
+Matrimony at one dollar for short opinions, and five dollars for the
+elaborate form.
+
+In all other cases prices are as follows:
+
+    Business Chart and General Advice                $ 5 00
+    Business Chart and Adaptation in Matrimony        10 00
+    Adaptation in Matrimony only                       5 00
+    Elaborate Phrenograph on all subjects             25 00
+
+
+Information Required.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Take the following measurements of the head: Pass a tape measure around
+the circumference of the base of the brain, passing just above the
+eyebrows and just above the ears. This is called the _basilar
+circumference_. Also measure the distance from the bottom of the orifice
+of one ear to the corresponding point of the other, over the top of the
+head at the highest point. This is called the _trans-coronal_
+measurement. Then copy and fill out the following blank, and submit with
+the photograph:
+
+
+    --> Do not cut or mutilate this page.
+    Name of original of photo__________________________
+    Address____________________________________________
+    Age____________Weight____________Height____________
+    Sex______Color of hair________Color of eyes________
+    Basilar circumference of head________________inches.
+    Trans-coronal measurement____________________inches.
+    Circumference of chest, lungs empty__________inches.
+    Circumference of chest, lungs filled_________inches.
+    Condition of health_________________________________
+    ____________________________________________________
+    Amount of education received________________________
+    ____________________________________________________
+    Present occupation__________________________________
+    Information most especially desired_________________
+    ____________________________________________________
+    Number of photographs enclosed______________________
+    To be returned to___________________________________
+    (Write return address plainly)______________________
+    Form of examination requested_______________________
+    Fee enclosed, $_____ Stamps enclosed for return_____
+
+When all the above points can be stated it is desirable that it should
+be done. When it is impossible to do so, the blanks may be filled out in
+part, and I will in all cases do the best that can be done with
+information at hand. Address all correspondence on this subject to
+
+    DR. WILLIAM WINDSOR,
+        Box 66, St. Paul, Minn.
+
+
+
+
+THE GRAND TABLE OF VITOSOPHY and Supplementary Tables.
+
+
+Printed in large type on heavy cardboard 10x4 inches, suitable for
+hanging, containing four pages of valuable information as follows:
+
+PAGE I.
+
+The Grand Table of Vitosophy, consisting of seven columns comprising the
+Conditions of Life, the Seven Senses, the Temperaments, the Vital
+Organs, the Functions, the Seven Virtues and the Elements of Happiness
+arranged in juxtaposition with notes and explanations. In two colors.
+
+PAGE II.
+
+The Supplementary Tables of Vitosophy, comprising the Vital Organs and
+their Indicators, the table of Vices and Consequences. The table of
+Virtues, Results and Attributes, the table of Temperaments and Colors.
+The Vitosophical Symbols, their Significance and related colors with
+notes and explanations. Each Symbol on this page is painted by hand,
+giving its appropriate color.
+
+PAGE III.
+
+Contains a large Phrenological Head with names and Symbols of the
+Phrenological Areas and Names and Definitions of the corresponding
+Faculties of Intelligence. In two colors.
+
+PAGE IV.
+
+The Vitosophist's Creed. Beautifully printed in two colors in Old
+English Text and giving the seven articles of belief of the true
+vitosophist, expressing rationally his belief in and relation to the
+subjects of God, Life Eternal, Death, Immortality, Evil and Good, the
+forces of Nature, the practice of the Virtues and the attainment of
+Happiness. This is a work of Art and is worthy of a place of honor in
+the library, study or school room. Mailed flat, to any address, securely
+packed, postpaid. Price One Dollar.
+
+Address Dr. Wm. Windsor, Box 66, St. Paul, Minn.
+
+
+
+
+EAT SOME SAND!
+
+   "Let good digestion wait on
+    appetite, and Health on both."
+                    _Shakespeare_.
+
+
+[Illustration: Dr. Wm. Windsor "THE SAND MAN"]
+
+PURIFIED SAND
+
+  FOR TABLE USE
+  Price per Pound 50 Cents
+  Prepared and Sold by
+
+  DR. WILLIAM WINDSOR
+
+  Box 66, St. Paul, Minn.
+  583 Riverside Drive, New York
+  1426 Fourth Ave. Seattle, Wash.
+
+The Fairy Tale of your youth described the "Sand Man" as the good spirit
+who brought sleep to your eye-lids. Dr. Windsor has brought restful
+sleep to thousands by producing a good digestion, without which perfect
+sleep is impossible.
+
+DIRECTIONS
+
+A Tablespoonful of Purified Sand taken after each meal promotes
+digestion, disinfects the Alimentary Canal, sweetens the Breath and
+positively cures Indigestion, Constipation, Chronic Diarrhoea, Summer
+Complaint and all disorders of the Stomach and Bowels.
+
+  This Sand is absolutely pure and
+  contains no medication whatever.
+
+Drink liberal quantities of pure water for best results.
+
+
+
+
+THE VITOSOPHY CLUB LESSONS
+
+    A Course of Instruction By Mail, Extending Over a Year of Time,
+    Which Makes You Happy, Healthy and Prosperous.
+
+
+Hundreds of young men and women drag along in comparative poverty and
+uncongenial occupations and surroundings, because they have never
+learned how to get away from these conditions. Many others wonder why
+they never get ahead when they work so faithfully and try so hard. Often
+the reason of failure is found in some mild form of disease, so mild in
+fact that it escapes the notice of the sufferer himself. Sometimes it is
+a wrong personal habit, or some fault of dress or manner which
+continually destroys the possibility of success.
+
+For a quarter of a century Dr. William Windsor has been the friend and
+advisor of young men and women in the art of self-improvement. In
+hundreds of instances of which testimonials are on file, he has in one
+short interview, set a man on the path of success and a woman in the
+possession of happiness. He writes a great many long letters to
+individuals who lay the story of their lives and their struggles before
+him and solves many of their heart-breaking problems. THE VITOSOPHY CLUB
+LESSONS are the result of this large experience and are now for the
+first time presented in the form of a concise course of study in
+elegantly printed lessons, which are issued in monthly installments of
+from four to six lessons at a time--a year's issue covering fifty-two
+lessons--one for each week of the year. Members of the Vitosophy Club
+make a practice of taking each lesson as a subject of thought and action
+for one week, carefully conforming conduct and observation to it for
+self-improvement and experiment, with wonderfully satisfactory results.
+
+
+LEARN TO READ CHARACTER.
+
+The Elementary and Ethical Lessons Nos. 1 to 27, constitute an excellent
+elementary instruction in the science of Vitosophy, embracing the basic
+principles of Genetics, Phrenology and Ethics, and enable the member to
+acquire a very comprehensive knowledge of the greatest of all
+educational subjects--Human Character.
+
+The Health Lessons Nos. 28 to 39, cover all the essential instructions
+necessary to applying the Vitosophical principles of healing, enabling
+the member to keep himself in perfect Health, and extend his Knowledge
+to others who ignorantly suffer.
+
+THE LESSONS ON PERSONAL HABITS
+
+inculcate the highest form of personal agreeableness and the conditions
+essential to success. Read the titles of Nos. 40 to 50 which speak for
+themselves.
+
+The two Financial Lessons at the close of the series contain information
+which has directly caused the financial success of many prosperous men
+and women who gratefully attest the value of Dr. Windsor's advice and
+counsel.
+
+These Lessons must not be confounded with The Delineation of Character
+which is furnished by Dr. Windsor in his private interviews with
+individuals, or by mail from photographs, which is an entirely distinct
+service. You need the Delineation of your Character to show you your
+personal weak and strong points, your faults and how to correct them,
+talents and how to use them; your adaptation in Business, Marriage,
+Climate and Place of Residence, etc., all of which is based on your
+personal conditions. Then you should take the Vitosophy Club Lessons to
+learn the principles of the Science and how to apply them to yourself
+and others in reading character, healing diseases, and making yourself
+socially and financially successful.
+
+You can take the Delineation of Character without the Lessons, or the
+Vitosophy Club Lessons without the Delineation, but you need both and
+both are essential to your health, your education, your financial
+success and your personal happiness.
+
+
+LIST OF VITOSOPHY CLUB LESSONS
+
+This splendid course of instruction is sold at Ten Dollars. Delineations
+of Character are given at various prices, according to what you require.
+
+I. Elementary and Ethical
+
+    1. Vitosophy--The Wise Way of Living.
+    2. The Vitosophy Club.
+    3. Phrenology.
+    4. The Elements of Character.
+    5. Explanation of the Symbolical Head.
+    6. The Study of Temperament.
+    7. How to use the Grand Table of Vitosophy.
+    8. How to use the Supplementary Tables.
+    9. How to Cure the Poverty Disease.
+   10. The Cure of Catarrh.
+   11. The Seven Symbols of Vitosophy.
+   12. The Seven Commandments.
+   13. The Vitosophist's Creed.
+   14. The Forty-nine Vitosophical Resolutions.
+   15. Phrenology as an Element in Business Success.
+   16. Vitosophical Education.
+   17. Crimes, Criminals and Punishments.
+   18. The Study of Justice.
+   19. How Children are Developed into Criminals.
+   20. Analysis of Love and Friendship.
+   21. The Value of Song.
+   22. Dancing as a Means of Physical and Mental Culture.
+   23. Matrimony or the Selection of Companions.
+   24. How to Improve Memory.
+   25. The Conquest of the Vices.
+   26. The Individual Flavor.
+   27. Companionship--The Central Fact in Life.
+
+II. Health.
+
+   28. How to be Healthy.
+   29. The Current of Magnetism and How to Control It.
+   30. Condensed Directions for the Practice of Vitosophy in all Forms
+       of Disease.
+   31. The Cure of Weak Nutrition.
+   32. Letter to a Kentucky Editor Afflicted with Indigestion and
+       Constipation.
+   33. Letter to a Young Lady Supposed to be Afflicted with Tuberculosis.
+   34. The Cure of Catarrhal Deafness.
+   35. The Cure of Rheumatism.
+   36. The Cure of Epilepsy, Fits or Convulsions.
+   37. The Cure of Consumption.
+   38. The Cure of Constipation in Infants.
+   39. Why You Should Eat Sand.
+
+III. Personal Habits.
+
+   40. Keeping the Body Clean.
+   41. The Art of Eating.
+   42. The Art of Bathing.
+   43. The Art of Sleeping.
+   44. The Art of Drinking.
+   45. The Art of Personal Agreeableness.
+   46. Improvement of Personal Appearance.
+   47. Improvement of Personal Manners.
+   48. The Promotion of Comfort.
+   49. The Harmony of Colors and Persons.
+   50. The Care of the Nostrils.
+
+IV. Financial.
+
+   51. Vitosophical Rules for Business Success.
+   52. The Secret of Salesmanship or Negative and Positive Dollars.
+
+Address Dr. Wm. Windsor, Box 66, St. Paul, Minn.
+
+
+
+
+Just Published! Send in Your Order!
+The New Vitosophical Text Book
+
+"The Solution of the Problem of Human Life"
+
+According To Vitosophy "The Wise Way of Living"
+
+By WILLIAM WINDSOR, LL.B., Ph. D.
+
+This new and attractive volume of about two hundred pages is a complete
+revision of the Elementary Text Book, formerly sold exclusively at Dr.
+Windsor's Class Lectures, to which has been added the complete set of
+"Vitosophical Health Lessons" which have heretofore been sold at the
+regular price of ten dollars. The entire work has been reviewed and
+rearranged, and some parts of the Health Lessons entirely rewritten,
+bringing the subject matter fully abreast of the latest and best
+discoveries in the science. It is the design of this work to present a
+complete elementary instruction in the principles of Vitosophy,
+especially in its bearings on character study and health culture and the
+prevention and cure of all forms of disease that do not call for the
+services of a surgeon.
+
+(SEE NEXT PAGE)
+
+
+TABLE OF CONTENTS
+
+PREFACE
+
+Chapter I.--ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF VITOSOPHY, Definitions,
+    Genetics, Phrenology, Ethics.
+
+The Temperaments, Explanation of Electric, Magnetic, Alkali, Acid,
+    Vital, Mental, Motive, Organic Quality.
+
+Chapter II.--Definitions of the FACULTIES OF INTELLIGENCE.
+
+Chapter III.--The Seven Conditions of Life. The EARTH and its Uses.
+
+Chapter IV.--WATER, Rules for Drinking and Bathing.
+
+Chapter V.--FOOD, The Vitosophical Law of Diet. Seven Rules for the
+    Selection and Eating of Food.
+
+Chapter VI.--COMPANIONSHIP, its uses and abuses.
+
+Chapter VII.--MAGNETISM. Complete exposition of the Nature of
+    Electricity and Magnetism according to the System of Genetics.
+
+Chapter VIII.--AIR. Correct Principles of Ventilation.
+
+Chapter IX.--LIBERTY. Seven Kinds of Liberty essential to Happiness.
+
+Chapter X.--THE GIFT OF HEALING. A Complete Exposition of the
+    Functions and their Derangements Causing Disease, and the
+    Vitosophical Remedies.
+
+Chapter XI.--NERVOUSNESS. Principal causes and the means of cure and
+    inducement of Dreamless Sleep. Cure of Insomnia.
+
+Chapter XII.--THE CURRENT OF MAGNETISM AND HOW TO CONTROL IT. Simple
+    Rules for the treatment of all Diseases not requiring Surgery.
+
+Price $2.00 Postpaid
+Address Dr. Wm. Windsor
+Box 66 St. Paul, Minn.
+
+
+
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