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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Story of a Cannoneer Under Stonewall
+Jackson, by Edward A. Moore
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Story of a Cannoneer Under Stonewall Jackson
+
+Author: Edward A. Moore
+
+Release Date: July 13, 2007 [EBook #22067]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE STORY OF A CANNONEER ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Suzanne Shell,Graeme Mackreth and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THE STORY OF A CANNONEER UNDER STONEWALL JACKSON
+
+[Illustration: GENERAL "STONEWALL" JACKSON
+
+FRONTISPIECE]
+
+The Story of a Cannoneer
+Under Stonewall Jackson
+
+
+IN WHICH IS TOLD THE PART TAKEN BY THE
+ROCKBRIDGE ARTILLERY IN THE ARMY
+OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA
+
+
+BY
+EDWARD A. MOORE
+Of the Rockbridge Artillery
+
+
+WITH INTRODUCTIONS BY
+CAPT. ROBERT E. LEE, JR., and HON. HENRY
+ST. GEORGE TUCKER
+
+
+_Fully Illustrated by Portraits_
+
+
+NEW YORK AND WASHINGTON
+THE NEALE PUBLISHING COMPANY
+1907
+
+Copyright, 1907, by
+
+E. A. MOORE
+
+
+
+
+TO MY COMRADES
+
+OF THE
+
+ROCKBRIDGE ARTILLERY
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+                                                                   PAGE
+
+Introduction by Capt. Robert E. Lee, Jr                             13
+
+Introduction by Henry St. George Tucker                             15
+
+I--Washington College--Lexington--Virginia Military
+Institute                                                           19
+
+II--Entering the Service--My First Battle--Battle of
+Kernstown                                                           25
+
+III--The Retreat--Cedar Creek--General
+Ashby--Skirmishes--McGaheysville                                    34
+
+IV--Swift Run Gap--Reorganization of the Battery--Wading
+in the Mud--Crossing and Recrossing the Blue Ridge--Battle
+of McDowell--Return to the Valley                                   43
+
+V--Bridgewater--Luray Valley--Front Royal--Following
+General Banks--Night March--Battle of
+Winchester--Banks's Retreat                                         52
+
+VI--Capturing Federal Cavalry--Charlestown--Extraordinary
+March                                                               60
+
+VII--General Jackson Narrowly Escapes Being Captured
+at Port Republic--Contest Between Confederates
+and Federals for Bridge over Shenandoah                             66
+
+VIII--Battle of Port Republic                                       72
+
+IX--From Brown's Gap to Staunton--From Staunton
+to Richmond--Cold Harbor--General Lee Visits
+His Son in the Battery                                              77
+
+X--General Jackson Compliments the Battery--Malvern
+Hill--My Visit to Richmond                                          86
+
+XI--From Richmond to Gordonsville--Battle of Cedar
+Run--Death of General Winder--Deserters Shot--Cross
+the Rappahannock                                                    93
+
+XII--Capture of Railroad Trains at Manassas Junction--Battle
+with Taylor's New Jersey Brigade--Night March by Light of
+Burning Cars                                                       102
+
+XIII--Circuitous Night March--First Day of Second
+Manassas--Arrival of Longstreet's Corps                            110
+
+XIV--The Second Battle of Manassas--Incidents and
+Scenes on the Battlefield                                          117
+
+XV--Battle of Chantilly--Leesburg--Crossing the Potomac            125
+
+XVI--Maryland--My Day in Frederick City                            130
+
+XVII--Return to Virginia--Investment and Capture of
+Harper's Ferry                                                     138
+
+XVIII--Into Maryland Again--Battle of
+Sharpsburg--Wounded--Return to Winchester--Home                    144
+
+XIX--Return to Army--In Winter-quarters Near Port
+Royal                                                              161
+
+XX--Second Battle of Fredericksburg--Chancellorsville--Wounding
+and Death of Stonewall Jackson                                     170
+
+XXI--Opening of Campaign of 1863--Crossing to the
+Valley--Battle at Winchester with Milroy--Crossing
+the Potomac                                                        179
+
+XXII--On the Way to Gettysburg--Battle of
+Gettysburg--Retreat.                                               187
+
+XXIII--At "The Bower"--Return to Orange County, Virginia--Blue
+Run Church--Bristow Station--Rappahannock Bridge--Supplementing
+Camp Rations                                                       202
+
+XXIV--Battle of Mine Run--March to Frederick's
+Hall--Winter-quarters--Social Affairs--Again to the
+Front--Narrow Escape from Capture by General
+Dahlgren--Furloughs--Cadets Return from
+New Market--Spottsylvania and the Wilderness--Return
+to Army at Hanover Junction--Panic
+at Night                                                           212
+
+XXV--Second Cold Harbor--Wounded--Return Home--Refugeeing
+from Hunter                                                        222
+
+XXVI--Personal Mention of Officers and Men--Rockbridge
+Artillery--Second Rockbridge Artillery                             234
+
+XXVII--Oakland--Return to Camp--Off Duty Again--The
+Race from New Market to Fort Gilmore--Attack
+on Fort Harrison--Winter-quarters
+on the Lines--Visits to Richmond                                   260
+
+XXVIII--Evacuation of Richmond--Passing Through
+Richmond by Night--The Retreat--Battle of
+Sailor's Creek--Battle of Cumberland
+Church                                                             274
+
+XXIX--Appomattox                                                   286
+
+Appendix                                                           293
+
+LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+                                                                   PAGE
+
+General "Stonewall" Jackson           _Frontispiece_
+
+Captain William T. Poague, April, 1862--April, 1863                 19
+
+Gun from which was fired the first hostile cannon-shot
+in the Valley of Virginia                                           25
+
+Robert A. Gibson                                                    40
+
+Edward A. Moore, March, 1862                                        60
+
+John M. Brown (war-time portrait)                                   80
+
+William M. Willson (Corporal)                                       98
+
+W. S. McClintic                                                    120
+
+D. Gardiner Tyler                                                  140
+
+R. T. Barton                                                       158
+
+B. C. M. Friend                                                    180
+
+Edward A. Moore, February, 1907                                    200
+
+Edward H. Hyde (Color-bearer)                                      220
+
+Randolph Fairfax                                                   240
+
+Robert Frazer                                                      260
+
+John M. Brown                                                      280
+
+Fac-simile of parole signed by General Pendleton                   291
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE
+
+
+More than thirty years ago, at the solicitation of my kinsman, H. C.
+McDowell, of Kentucky, I undertook to write a sketch of my war
+experience. McDowell was a major in the Federal Army during the civil
+war, and with eleven first cousins, including Gen. Irvin McDowell,
+fought against the same number of first cousins in the Confederate Army.
+Various interruptions prevented the completion of my work at that time.
+More recently, after despairing of the hope that some more capable
+member of my old command, the Rockbridge Artillery, would not allow its
+history to pass into oblivion, I resumed the task, and now present this
+volume as the only published record of that company, celebrated as it
+was even in that matchless body of men, the Army of Northern Virginia.
+
+E. A. M.
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION BY CAPT. ROBERT E. LEE, JR.
+
+
+The title of this book at once rivets attention and invites perusal, and
+that perusal does not disappoint expectation. The author was a cannoneer
+in the historic Rockbridge (Va.) Artillery, which made for itself, from
+Manassas to Appomattox, a reputation second to none in the Confederate
+service. No more vivid picture has been presented of the private soldier
+in camp, on the march, or in action. It was written evidently not with
+any commercial view, but was an undertaking from a conviction that its
+performance was a question of duty to his comrades. Its unlabored and
+spontaneous character adds to its value. Its detail is evidence of a
+living presence, intent only upon truth. It is not only carefully
+planned, but minutely finished. The duty has been performed faithfully
+and entertainingly.
+
+We are glad these delightful pages have not been marred by discussion of
+the causes or conduct of the great struggle between the States. There is
+no theorizing or special pleading to distract our attention from the
+unvarnished story of the Confederate soldier.
+
+The writer is simple, impressive, and sincere. And his memory is not
+less faithful. It is a striking and truthful portrayal of the times
+under the standard of one of the greatest generals of ancient or modern
+times. It is from such books that data will be gathered by the future
+historian for a true story of the great conflict between the States.
+
+For nearly a year (from March to November, 1862) I served in the battery
+with this cannoneer, and for a time we were in the same mess. Since the
+war I have known him intimately, and it gives me great pleasure to be
+able to say that there is no one who could give a more honest and
+truthful account of the events of our struggle from the standpoint of a
+private soldier. He had exceptional opportunities for observing men and
+events, and has taken full advantage of them.
+
+ROBERT E. LEE.
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION BY HENRY ST. GEORGE TUCKER
+
+
+Between 1740 and 1750 nine brothers by the name of Moore emigrated from
+the north of Ireland to America. Several of them settled in South
+Carolina, and of these quite a number participated in the Revolutionary
+War, several being killed in battle. One of the nine brothers, David by
+name, came to Virginia and settled in the "Borden Grant," now the
+northern part of Rockbridge County. There, in 1752, his son, afterward
+known as Gen. Andrew Moore, was born. His mother was a Miss Evans, of
+Welsh ancestry. Andrew Moore was educated at an academy afterward known
+as Liberty Hall. In early life with some of his companions he made a
+voyage to the West Indies; was shipwrecked, but rescued, after many
+hardships, by a passing vessel and returned to the Colonies. Upon his
+return home he studied law in the office of Chancellor Wythe, at
+Williamsburg, and was licensed to practice law in 1774. In 1776 he
+entered the army as lieutenant, in Morgan's Riflemen, and was engaged in
+those battles which resulted in the capture of Burgoyne's army, and at
+the surrender of the British forces at Saratoga. For courage and
+gallantry in battle he was promoted to a captaincy. Having served three
+years with Morgan, he returned home and took his seat as a member of the
+Virginia legislature, taking such an active and distinguished part in
+the deliberations of that body that he was elected to Congress, and as a
+member of the first House of Representatives was distinguished for his
+services to such a degree that he was re-elected at each succeeding
+election until 1797, when he declined further service in that body, but
+accepted a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates. He was again elected
+to Congress in 1804, but in the first year of his service he was elected
+to the United States Senate, in which body he served with distinguished
+ability until 1809, when he retired. He was then appointed United States
+Marshal for the District of Virginia, which office he held until his
+death, April 14, 1821. His brother William served as a soldier in the
+Indian wars, and the Revolutionary War. He was a lieutenant of riflemen
+at Pt. Pleasant, and carried his captain, who had been severely wounded,
+from the field of battle, after killing the Indian who was about to
+scalp him--a feat of courage and strength rarely equaled. Gen. Andrew
+Moore's wife was Miss Sarah Reid, a descendant of Capt. John McDowell,
+who was killed by the Indians, December 18, 1842, on James River, in
+Rockbridge County. She was the daughter of Capt. Andrew Reid, a soldier
+of the French and Indian War.
+
+Our author's father was Capt. David E. Moore, for twenty-three years the
+Attorney for the Commonwealth for Rockbridge County, and a member of
+the Constitutional Convention, 1850-51. His mother was Miss Elizabeth
+Harvey, a descendant of Benjamin Borden, and daughter of Matthew Harvey,
+who at sixteen years of age ran away from home and became a member of
+"Lee's Legion," participating in the numerous battles in which that
+distinguished corps took part.
+
+Thus it will be seen that our author is of _martial stock_ and a worthy
+descendant of those who never failed to respond to the call to arms; the
+youngest of four brothers, one of whom surrendered under General
+Johnston, the other three at Appomattox, after serving throughout the
+war. It is safe to say that Virginia furnished to the Confederate
+service no finer examples of true valor than our author and his three
+brothers.
+
+   HENRY ST. GEORGE TUCKER.
+   Lexington, Va.,
+   December 20, 1906.
+
+[Illustration: CAPTAIN WILLIAM T. POAGUE
+
+(April, 1862--April, 1863)]
+
+
+
+
+THE STORY OF A CANNONEER UNDER STONEWALL JACKSON
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I
+
+WASHINGTON COLLEGE--LEXINGTON--VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE
+
+
+At the age of eighteen I was a member of the Junior Class at Washington
+College at Lexington, Virginia, during the session of 1860-61, and with
+the rest of the students was more interested in the foreshadowings of
+that ominous period than in the teachings of the professors. Among our
+number there were a few from the States farther south who seemed to have
+been born secessionists, while a large majority of the students were
+decidedly in favor of the Union.
+
+Our president, the Rev. Dr. George Junkin, who hailed from the North,
+was heart and soul a Union man, notwithstanding the fact that one of his
+daughters was the first wife of Major Thomas J. Jackson, who developed
+into the world-renowned "Stonewall" Jackson. Another daughter was the
+great Southern poetess, Mrs. Margaret J. Preston, and Dr. Junkin's son,
+Rev. W. F. Junkin, a most lovable man, became an ardent Southern
+soldier and a chaplain in the Confederate Army throughout the war.
+
+At the anniversary of the Washington Literary Society, on February 22,
+1861, the right of secession was attacked and defended by the
+participants in the discussion, with no less zeal than they afterward
+displayed on many bloody battlefields.
+
+We had as a near neighbor the Virginia Military Institute, "The West
+Point of the South," where scores of her young chivalry were assembled,
+who were eager to put into practice the subjects taught in their school.
+Previous to these exciting times not the most kindly feelings, and but
+little intercourse had existed between the two bodies of young men. The
+secession element in the College, however, finding more congenial
+company among the cadets, opened up the way for quite intimate and
+friendly relations between the two institutions. In January, 1861, the
+corps of cadets had been ordered by Governor Wise to be present, as a
+military guard, at the execution of John Brown at Harper's Ferry. After
+their return more than the usual time was given to the drill; and
+target-shooting with cannon and small arms was daily practised in our
+hearing.
+
+Only a small proportion of the citizens of the community favored
+secession, but they were very aggressive. One afternoon, while a huge
+Union flag-pole was being raised on the street, which when half-way up
+snapped and fell to the ground in pieces, I witnessed a personal
+encounter between a cadet and a mechanic (the latter afterward deserted
+from our battery during the Gettysburg campaign in Pennsylvania, his
+native State), which was promptly taken up by their respective friends.
+The cadets who were present hastened to their barracks and, joined by
+their comrades, armed themselves, and with fixed bayonets came streaming
+at double-quick toward the town. They were met at the end of Main street
+by their professors, conspicuous among whom was Colonel Colston on
+horseback. He was a native of France and professor of French at the
+Institute; he became a major-general in the Confederate Army and later a
+general in the Egyptian Army. After considerable persuasion the cadets
+were induced to return to their barracks.
+
+Instead of the usual Saturday night debates of the College literary
+societies, the students either joined the cadets in their barracks at
+the Institute or received them at the College halls to harangue on the
+one absorbing topic.
+
+On the top of the main building at the College was a statue of
+Washington, and over this statue some of the students hoisted a palmetto
+flag. This greatly incensed our president. He tried, for some time, but
+in vain, to have the flag torn down. When my class went at the usual
+hour to his room to recite, and before we had taken our seats, he
+inquired if the flag was still flying. On being told that it was, he
+said, "The class is dismissed; I will never hear a recitation under a
+traitor's flag!" And away we went.
+
+Lincoln's proclamation calling for 75,000 men from Virginia, to whip in
+the seceded States, was immediately followed by the ordinance of
+secession, and the idea of union was abandoned by all. Recitation-bells
+no longer sounded; our books were left to gather dust, and forgotten,
+save only to recall those scenes that filled our minds with the mighty
+deeds and prowess of such characters as the "Ruling Agamemnon" and his
+warlike cohorts, and we could almost hear "the terrible clang of
+striking spears against shields, as it resounded throughout the army."
+
+There was much that seems ludicrous as we recall it now. The youths of
+the community, imbued with the idea that "cold steel" would play an
+important part in the conflict, provided themselves with huge
+bowie-knives, fashioned by our home blacksmith, and with these fierce
+weapons swinging from their belts were much in evidence. There were
+already several organized military companies in the county. The
+Rockbridge Rifles, and a company of cavalry left Lexington April 17,
+under orders from Governor John Letcher, our townsman, who had just been
+inaugurated Governor of Virginia, to report at Harper's Ferry. The
+cavalry company endeavored to make the journey without a halt, and did
+march the first sixty-four miles in twenty-four hours.
+
+The students formed a company with J. J. White, professor of Greek, as
+their captain. Drilling was the occupation of the day; the students
+having excellent instructors in the cadets and their professors. Our
+outraged president had set out alone in his private carriage for his
+former home in the North.
+
+Many of the cadets were called away as drillmasters at camps established
+in different parts of the South, and later became distinguished officers
+in the Confederate Army, as did also a large number of the older alumni
+of the Institute.
+
+The Rockbridge Artillery Company was organized about this time, and,
+after a fortnight's drilling with the cadets' battery, was ordered to
+the front, under command of Rev. W. N. Pendleton, rector of the
+Episcopal Church, and a graduate of West Point, as captain.
+
+The cadets received marching orders, and on that morning, for the first
+time since his residence in Lexington, Major Jackson was seen in his
+element. As a professor at the Virginia Military Institute he was
+remarkable only for strict punctuality and discipline. I, with one of my
+brothers, had been assigned to his class in Sunday-school, where his
+regular attendance and earnest manner were equally striking.
+
+It was on a beautiful Sunday morning in May that the cadets received
+orders to move, and I remember how we were all astonished to see the
+Christian major, galloping to and fro on a spirited horse, preparing for
+their departure.
+
+In the arsenal at the Institute were large stores of firearms of old
+patterns, which were hauled away from time to time to supply the troops.
+I, with five others of the College company, was detailed as a guard to a
+convoy of Wagons, loaded with these arms, as far as Staunton. We were
+all about the same size, and with one exception members of the same
+class. In the first battle of Manassas four of the five--Charles Bell,
+William Wilson, William Paxton and Benjamin Bradley--were killed, and
+William Anderson, now Attorney-General of Virginia, was maimed for life.
+
+There was great opposition on the part of the friends of the students to
+their going into the service, at any rate in one body, but they grew
+more and more impatient to be ordered out, and felt decidedly offended
+at the delay.
+
+Finally, in June, the long-hoped-for orders came. The town was filled
+with people from far and near, and every one present, old and young,
+white and black, not only shed tears, but actually sobbed. My father had
+positively forbidden my going, as his other three sons, older than
+myself, were already in the field. After this my time was chiefly
+occupied in drilling militia in different parts of the country. And I am
+reminded to this day by my friends the daughters of General Pendleton of
+my apprehensions "lest the war should be over before I should get a
+trip."
+
+[Illustration: GUN FROM WHICH WAS FIRED THE FIRST HOSTILE CANNON-SHOT IN
+THE VALLEY OF VIRGINIA]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II
+
+ENTERING THE SERVICE--MY FIRST BATTLE--BATTLE OF KERNSTOWN
+
+
+Jackson's first engagement took place at Hainesville, near Martinsburg,
+on July 2, one of the Rockbridge Artillery guns firing the first hostile
+cannon-shot fired in the Valley of Virginia. This gun is now in the
+possession of the Virginia Military Institute, and my brother David
+fired the shot. Before we knew that Jackson was out of the Valley, news
+came of the battle of First Manassas, in which General Bee conferred
+upon him and his brigade the soubriquet of "Stonewall," and by so doing
+likened himself to "Homer, who immortalized the victory won by
+Achilles."
+
+In this battle the Rockbridge Artillery did splendid execution without
+losing a man, while the infantry in their rear, and for their support,
+suffered dreadfully. The College company alone (now Company I of the
+Fourth Virginia Regiment) lost seven killed and many wounded.
+
+In August it was reported that a force of Federal cavalry was near the
+White Sulphur Springs, on their way to Lexington. Numbers of men from
+the hills and mountains around gathered at Collierstown, a straggling
+village in the western portion of the county, and I spent the greater
+part of the night drilling them in the town-hall, getting news from time
+to time from the pickets in the mountain-pass. The prospect of meeting
+so formidable a band had doubtless kept the Federals from even
+contemplating such an expedition.
+
+The winter passed drearily along, the armies in all directions having
+only mud to contend with.
+
+Since my failure to leave with the College company it had been my
+intention to join it the first opportunity; but, hearing it would be
+disbanded in the spring, I enlisted in the Rockbridge Artillery attached
+to the Stonewall Brigade, and with about fifty other recruits left
+Lexington March 10, 1862, to join Jackson, then about thirty miles south
+of Winchester. Some of us traveled on horseback, and some in farm-wagons
+secured for the purpose. We did not create the sensation we had
+anticipated, either on leaving Lexington or along the road; still we had
+plenty of fun. I remember one of the party--a fellow with a very large
+chin, as well as cheek--riding up close to a house by the roadside in
+the door of which stood a woman with a number of children around her,
+and, taking off his hat, said, "God bless you, madam! May you raise many
+for the Southern Confederacy."
+
+We spent Saturday afternoon and night in Staunton, and were quartered in
+a hotel kept by a sour-looking old Frenchman. We were given an
+abominable supper, the hash especially being a most mysterious-looking
+dish. After retiring to our blankets on the floor, I heard two of the
+party, who had substituted something to drink for something to eat,
+discussing the situation generally, and, among other things, surmising
+as to the ingredients of the supper's hash, when Winn said, "Bob, I
+analyzed that hash. It was made of buttermilk, dried apples, damsons and
+wool!"
+
+The following day, Sunday, was clear and beautiful. We had about seventy
+miles to travel along the Valley turnpike. In passing a stately
+residence, on the porch of which the family had assembled, one of our
+party raised his hat in salutation. Not a member of the family took the
+least notice of the civility; but a negro girl, who was sweeping off the
+pavement in front, flourished her broom around her head most
+enthusiastically, which raised a general shout.
+
+We arrived at Camp Buchanan, a few miles below Mount Jackson, on Monday
+afternoon. I then, for the first time since April, 1861, saw my brother
+John. How tough and brown he looked! He had been transferred to the
+Rockbridge Artillery shortly before the first battle of Manassas, and
+with my brother David belonged to a mess of as interesting young men as
+I ever knew. Some of them I have not seen for more than forty years.
+Mentioning their names may serve to recall incidents connected with
+them: My two brothers, both graduates of Washington College; Berkeley
+Minor, a student at the University of Virginia, a perfect bookworm;
+Alex. Boteler, student of the University of Virginia, son of Hon. Alex.
+Boteler, of West Virginia, and his two cousins, Henry and Charles
+Boteler, of Shepherdstown, West Virginia; Thompson and Magruder Maury,
+both clergymen after the war; Joe Shaner, of Lexington, Virginia, as
+kind a friend as I ever had, and who carried my blanket for me on his
+off-horse at least one thousand miles; John M. Gregory, of Charles City
+County, an A. M. of the University of Virginia. How distinctly I recall
+his large, well-developed head, fair skin and clear blue eyes; and his
+voice is as familiar to me as if I had heard it yesterday. Then the
+brothers, Walter and Joe Packard, of the neighborhood of Alexandria,
+Virginia, sons of the Rev. Dr. Packard, of the Theological Seminary, and
+both graduates of colleges; Frank Preston, of Lexington, graduate of
+Washington College, who died soon after the war while professor of Greek
+at William and Mary College, a whole-souled and most companionable
+fellow; William Bolling, of Fauquier County, student of University of
+Virginia; Frank Singleton, of Kentucky, student of University of
+Virginia, whom William Williamson, another member of the mess and a
+graduate of Washington College, pronounced "always a gentleman."
+Williamson was quite deaf, and Singleton always, in the gentlest and
+most patient way, would repeat for his benefit anything he failed to
+hear. Last, and most interesting of all, was George Bedinger, of
+Shepherdstown, a student of the University of Virginia.
+
+There were men in the company from almost every State in the South, and
+several from Northern States. Among the latter were two sons of
+Commodore Porter, of the United States Navy, one of whom went by the
+name of "Porter-he," from his having gone with Sergeant Paxton to visit
+some young ladies, and, on their return, being asked how they had
+enjoyed their visit, the sergeant said, "Oh, splendidly! and Porter, he
+were very much elated."
+
+Soon after my arrival supper was ready, and I joined the mess in my
+first meal in camp, and was astonished to see how they relished fat
+bacon, "flap-jacks" and strong black coffee in big tin cups. The company
+was abundantly supplied with first-rate tents, many of them captured
+from the enemy, and everybody seemed to be perfectly at home and happy.
+
+I bunked with my brother John, but there was no sleep for me that first
+night. There were just enough cornstalks under me for each to be
+distinctly felt, and the ground between was exceedingly cold. We
+remained in this camp until the following Friday, when orders came to
+move.
+
+We first marched about three miles south, or up the Valley, then
+countermarched, going about twenty miles, and on Saturday twelve miles
+farther, which brought us, I thought, and it seemed to be the general
+impression, in rather close proximity to the enemy. There having been
+only a few skirmishes since Manassas in July, 1861, none of us dreamed
+of a battle; but very soon a cannon boomed two or three miles ahead,
+then another and another. The boys said, "That's Chew's battery, under
+Ashby."
+
+Pretty soon Chew's battery was answered, and for the first time I saw
+and heard a shell burst, high in the air, leaving a little cloud of
+white smoke. On we moved, halting frequently, as the troops were being
+deployed in line of battle. Our battery turned out of the pike and we
+had not heard a shot for half an hour. In front of us lay a stretch of
+half a mile of level, open ground and beyond this a wooded hill, for
+which we seemed to be making. When half-way across the low ground, as I
+was walking by my gun, talking to a comrade at my side, a shell burst
+with a terrible crash--it seemed to me almost on my head. The concussion
+knocked me to my knees, and my comrade sprawling on the ground. We then
+began to feel that we were "going in," and a most weakening effect it
+had on the stomach.
+
+I recall distinctly the sad, solemn feeling produced by seeing the
+ambulances brought up to the front; it was entirely too suggestive. Soon
+we reached the woods and were ascending the hill along a little ravine,
+for a position, when a solid shot broke the trunnions of one of the
+guns, thus disabling it; then another, nearly spent, struck a tree about
+half-way up and fell nearby. Just after we got to the top of the hill,
+and within fifty or one hundred yards of the position we were to take, a
+shell struck the off-wheel horse of my gun and burst. The horse was torn
+to pieces, and the pieces thrown in every direction. The saddle-horse
+was also horribly mangled, the driver's leg was cut off, as was also the
+foot of a man who was walking alongside. Both men died that night. A
+white horse working in the lead looked more like a bay after the
+catastrophe. To one who had been in the army but five days, and but five
+minutes under fire, this seemed an awful introduction.
+
+The other guns of the battery had gotten into position before we had
+cleared up the wreck of our team and put in two new horses. As soon as
+this was done we pulled up to where the other guns were firing, and
+passed by a member of the company, John Wallace, horribly torn by a
+shell, but still alive. On reaching the crest of the hill, which was
+clear, open ground, we got a full view of the enemy's batteries on the
+hills opposite.
+
+In the woods on our left, and a few hundred yards distant, the infantry
+were hotly engaged, the small arms keeping up an incessant roar. Neither
+side seemed to move an inch. From about the Federal batteries in front
+of us came regiment after regiment of their infantry, marching in line
+of battle, with the Stars and Stripes flying, to join in the attack on
+our infantry, who were not being reinforced at all, as everything but
+the Fifth Virginia had been engaged from the first. We did some fine
+shooting at their advancing infantry, their batteries having almost
+quit firing. The battle had now continued for two or three hours. Now,
+for the first time, I heard the keen whistle of the Minie-ball. Our
+infantry was being driven back and the Federals were in close pursuit.
+
+Seeing the day was lost, we were ordered to limber up and leave. Just
+then a large force of the enemy came in sight in the woods on our left.
+The gunner of the piece nearest them had his piece loaded with canister,
+and fired the charge into their ranks as they crowded through a narrow
+opening in a stone fence. One of the guns of the battery, having several
+of its horses killed, fell into the hands of the enemy. About this time
+the Fifth Virginia Regiment, which, through some misunderstanding of
+orders, had not been engaged, arrived on the crest of the hill, and I
+heard General Jackson, as he rode to their front, direct the men to form
+in line and check the enemy. But everything else was now in full
+retreat, with Minie-balls to remind us that it would not do to stop.
+Running back through the woods, I passed close by John Wallace as he lay
+dying. Night came on opportunely and put an end to the pursuit, and to
+the taking of prisoners, though we lost several hundred men. I afterward
+heard Capt. George Junkin, nephew of the Northern college president,
+General Jackson's adjutant, say that he had the exact number of men
+engaged on our side, and that there were 2,700 in the battle. The
+enemy's official report gave their number as 8,000. Jackson had General
+Garnett, of the Stonewall Brigade, suspended from office for not
+bringing up the Fifth Regiment in time.
+
+It was dusk when I again found myself on the turnpike, and I followed
+the few indistinct moving figures in the direction of safety. I stopped
+for a few minutes near a camp-fire, in a piece of woods, where our
+infantry halted, and I remember hearing the colored cook of one of their
+messes asking in piteous tones, over and over again, "Marse George,
+where's Marse Charles?" No answer was made, but the sorrowful face of
+the one interrogated was response enough. I got back to the village of
+Newtown, about three miles from the battlefield, where I joined several
+members of the battery at a hospitable house. Here we were kindly
+supplied with food, and, as the house was full, were allowed to sleep
+soundly on the floor. This battle was known as Kernstown.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III
+
+THE RETREAT--CEDAR CREEK--GENERAL ASHBY--SKIRMISHES--McGAHEYSVILLE
+
+
+The next dawn brought a raw, gloomy Sunday. We found the battery a mile
+or two from the battlefield, where we lay all day, thinking, of course,
+the enemy would follow up their victory; but this they showed no
+inclination to do. On Monday we moved a mile or more toward our old
+camp--Buchanan. On Tuesday, about noon, we reached Cedar Creek, the
+scene of one of General Early's battles more than two years afterward,
+1864. The creek ran through a narrow defile, and, the bridge having been
+burned, we crossed in single file, on the charred timbers, still
+clinging together and resting on the surface of the water. Just here,
+for the first time since Kernstown, the Federal cavalry attacked the
+rear of our column, and the news and commotion reached my part of the
+line when I was half-across the stream. The man immediately in front of
+me, being in too much of a hurry to follow the file on the
+bridge-planks, jumped frantically into the stream. He was fished out of
+the cold waters, shoulder deep, on the bayonets of the infantry on the
+timbers.
+
+We found our wagons awaiting us on top of a high hill beyond, and went
+into camp about noon, to get up a whole meal, to which we thought we
+could do full justice. But, alas! alas! About the time the beans were
+done, and each had his share in a tin plate or cup, "bang!" went a
+cannon on the opposite hill, and the shell screamed over our heads. My
+gun being a rifled piece, was ordered to hitch up and go into position,
+and my appetite was gone. Turning to my brother, I said, "John, I don't
+want these beans!" My friend Bedinger gave me a home-made biscuit, which
+I ate as I followed the gun. We moved out and across the road with two
+guns, and took position one hundred yards nearer the enemy. The guns
+were unlimbered and loaded just in time to fire at a column of the
+enemy's cavalry which had started down the opposite hill at a gallop.
+The guns were discharged simultaneously, and the two shells burst in the
+head of their column, and by the time the smoke and dust had cleared up
+that squadron of cavalry was invisible. This check gave the wagons and
+troops time to get in marching order, and after firing a few more rounds
+we followed.
+
+As we drove into the road again, I saw several infantrymen lying
+horribly torn by shells, and the clothes of one of them on fire. I
+afterward heard amusing accounts of the exit of the rest of the company
+from this camp. Quartermaster "John D." had his teams at a full trot,
+with the steam flying from the still hot camp-kettles as they rocked to
+and fro on the tops of the wagons. In a day or two we were again in Camp
+Buchanan, and pitched our tents on their old sites and kindled our fires
+with the old embers. Here more additions were made to the company, among
+them R. E. Lee, Jr., son of the General; Arthur A. Robinson, of
+Baltimore, and Edward Hyde, of Alexandria. After a few nights' rest and
+one or two square meals everything was as gay as ever.
+
+An hour or two each day was spent in going through the artillery manual.
+Every morning we heard the strong, clear voice of an infantry officer
+drilling his men, which I learned was the voice of our cousin, James
+Allen, colonel of the Second Virginia Regiment. He was at least half a
+mile distant. About the fourth or fifth day after our return to camp we
+were ordered out to meet the enemy, and moved a few miles in their
+direction, but were relieved on learning that it was a false alarm, and
+countermarched to the same camp. When we went to the wagons for our
+cooking utensils, etc., my heavy double blanket, brought from home, had
+been lost, which made the ground seem colder and the stalks rougher.
+With me the nights, until bedtime, were pleasant enough. There were some
+good voices in the company, two or three in our mess; Bedinger and his
+cousin, Alec Boteler, both sang well, but Boteler stammered badly when
+talking, and Bedinger kept him in a rage half the time mocking him,
+frequently advising him to go back home and learn to talk. Still they
+were bedfellows and devoted friends. I feel as if I could hear Bedinger
+now, as he shifted around the fire, to keep out of the smoke, singing:
+
+   "Though the world may call me gay, yet my feelings I smother,
+   For thou art the cause of this anguish--my mother."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A thing that I was very slow to learn was to sit on the ground with any
+comfort; and a log or a fence, for a few minutes' rest, was a thing of
+joy. Then the smoke from the camp-fires almost suffocated me, and always
+seemed to blow toward me, though each of the others thought himself the
+favored one. But the worst part of the twenty-four hours was from
+bedtime till daylight, half-awake and half-asleep and half-frozen. I
+was, since Kernstown, having that battle all over and over again.
+
+I noticed a thing in this camp (it being the first winter of the war),
+in which experience and necessity afterward made a great change. The
+soldiers, not being accustomed to fires out-of-doors, frequently had
+either the tails of their overcoats burned off, or big holes or scorched
+places in their pantaloons.
+
+Since Jackson's late reverse, more troops being needed, the militia had
+been ordered out, and the contingent from Rockbridge County was encamped
+a few miles in rear of us. I got permission from our captain to go to
+see them and hear the news from home. Among them were several merchants
+of Lexington, and steady old farmers from the county. They were much
+impressed with the accounts of the battle and spoke very solemnly of
+war. I had ridden Sergeant Baxter McCorkle's horse, and, on my return,
+soon after passing through Mt. Jackson, overtook Bedinger and Charley
+Boteler, with a canteen of French brandy which a surgeon-friend in town
+had given them. As a return for a drink, I asked Bedinger to ride a
+piece on my horse, which, for some time, he declined to do, but finally
+said, "All right; get down." He had scarcely gotten into the saddle
+before he plied the horse with hat and heels, and away he went down the
+road at full speed and disappeared in the distance.
+
+This was more kindness than I had intended, but it afforded a good
+laugh. Boteler and the brandy followed the horseman, and I turned in and
+spent the night with the College company, quartered close by as a guard
+to General Jackson's headquarters. I got back to camp the next
+afternoon, Sunday. McCorkle had just found his horse, still saddled and
+bridled, grazing in a wheat-field.
+
+From Camp Buchanan we fell back to Rude's Hill, four miles above Mt.
+Jackson and overlooking the Shenandoah River. About once in three days
+our two Parrott guns, to one of which I belonged, were sent down to
+General Ashby, some ten miles, for picket service to supply the place of
+Chew's battery, which exhausted its ammunition in daily skirmishes with
+the enemy. Ashby himself was always there; and an agreeable,
+unpretending gentleman he was. His complexion was very dark and his hair
+and beard as black as a raven. He was always in motion, mounted on one
+of his three superb stallions, one of which was coal-black, another a
+chestnut sorrel, and the third white. On our first trip we had a lively
+cannonade, and the white horse in our team, still bearing the stains of
+blood from the Kernstown carnage, reared and plunged furiously during
+the firing. The Federal skirmish line was about a mile off, near the
+edge of some woods, and at that distance looked very harmless; but when
+I looked at them through General Ashby's field-glass it made them look
+so large, and brought them so close, that it startled me. There was a
+fence between, and, on giving the glass a slight jar, I imagined they
+jumped the fence; I preferred looking at them with the naked eye. Bob
+Lee volunteered to go with us another day (he belonged to another
+detachment). He seemed to enjoy the sport much. He had not been at
+Kernstown, and I thought if he had, possibly he would have felt more as
+did I and the white horse.
+
+On our way down on another expedition, hearing the enemy were driving in
+our pickets, and that we would probably have some lively work and
+running, I left my blanket--a blue one I had recently borrowed--at the
+house of a mulatto woman by the roadside, and told her I would call for
+it as we came back. We returned soon, but the woman, learning that a
+battle was impending, had locked up and gone. This blanket was my only
+wrap during the chilly nights, so I must have it. The guns had gone on.
+As I stood deliberating as to what I should do, General Ashby came
+riding by. I told him my predicament and asked, "Shall I get in and get
+it?" He said, "Yes, certainly." With the help of an axe I soon had a
+window-sash out and my blanket in my possession. From these frequent
+picket excursions I got the name of "Veteran." My friend Bolling
+generously offered to go as my substitute on one expedition, but the
+Captain, seeing our two detachments were being overworked, had all
+relieved and sent other detachments with our guns.
+
+From Rude's Hill about fifty of us recruits were detailed to go to
+Harrisonburg--Lieutenant Graham in command--to guard prisoners. The
+prisoners were quartered in the courthouse. Among them were a number of
+Dunkards from the surrounding country, whose creed was "No fight." I was
+appointed corporal, the only promotion I was honored with during the
+war, and that only for the detailed service. Here we spent a week or ten
+days, pleasantly, with good fare and quarters. Things continued quiet at
+the front during this time.
+
+The enemy again advanced, and quite a lively cavalry skirmish was had
+from Mt. Jackson to the bridge across the Shenandoah. The enemy tried
+hard to keep our men from burning this bridge, and in the fray Ashby's
+white horse was mortally wounded under him and his own life saved by
+the daring interposition of one of his men. His horse lived to carry him
+out, but fell dead as soon as he had accomplished it; and, after his
+death, every hair was pulled from his tail by Ashby's men as mementoes
+of the occasion.
+
+[Illustration: ROBERT A. GIBSON]
+
+Jackson fell back slowly, and, on reaching Harrisonburg, to our dismay,
+the head of the column filed to the left, on the road leading toward the
+Blue Ridge, thus disclosing the fact that the Valley was to be given up
+a prey to the enemy. Gloom was seen on every face at feeling that our
+homes were forsaken. We carried our prisoners along, and a
+miserable-looking set the poor Dunkards were, with their long beards and
+solemn eyes. A little fun, though, we would have. Every mile or so, and
+at every cross-road, a sign-post was stuck up, "Keezletown Road, 2
+miles," and of every countryman or darky along the way some wag would
+inquire the distance to Keezletown, and if he thought we could get there
+before night.
+
+By dawn next morning we were again on the march. I have recalled this
+early dawn oftener, I am sure, than any other of my whole life. Our road
+lay along the edge of a forest, occasionally winding in and out of it.
+At the more open places we could see the Blue Ridge in the near
+distance. During the night a slight shower had moistened the earth and
+leaves, so that our steps, and even the wheels of the artillery, were
+scarcely heard. Here and there on the roadside was the home of a
+soldier, in which he had just passed probably his last night. I
+distinctly recall now the sobs of a wife or mother as she moved about,
+preparing a meal for her husband or son, and the thoughts it gave rise
+to. Very possibly it helped also to remind us that we had left camp that
+morning without any breakfast ourselves. At any rate, I told my friend,
+Joe McAlpin, who was quite too modest a man to forage, and face a
+strange family in quest of a meal, that if he would put himself in my
+charge I would promise him a good breakfast.
+
+In a few miles we reached McGaheysville, a quiet, comfortable little
+village away off in the hills. The sun was now up, and now was the time
+and this the place. A short distance up a cross-street I saw a
+motherly-looking old lady standing at her gate, watching the passing
+troops. Said I, "Mac, there's the place." We approached, and I announced
+the object of our visit. She said, "Breakfast is just ready. Walk in,
+sit down at the table, and make yourselves at home." A breakfast it
+was--fresh eggs, white light biscuit and other toothsome articles. A man
+of about forty-five years--a boarder--remarked, at the table, "The war
+has not cost me the loss of an hour's sleep." The good mother said, with
+a quavering tone of voice, "_I_ have sons in the army."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV
+
+SWIFT RUN GAP--REORGANIZATION OF THE BATTERY--WADING IN THE
+MUD--CROSSING AND RECROSSING THE BLUE RIDGE--BATTLE OF McDOWELL--RETURN
+TO THE VALLEY
+
+
+We reached the south branch of the Shenandoah about noon, crossed on a
+bridge, and that night camped in Swift Run Gap. Our detail was separated
+from the battery and I, therefore, not with my own mess. We occupied a
+low, flat piece of ground with a creek alongside and about forty yards
+from the tent in which I stayed. The prisoners were in a barn a quarter
+of a mile distant. Here we had most wretched weather, real winter again,
+rain or snow almost all the time. One night about midnight I was
+awakened by hearing a horse splashing through water just outside of the
+tent and a voice calling to the inmates to get out of the flood. The
+horse was backed half into the tent-door, and, one by one, my companions
+left me. My bunk was on a little rise. I put my hand out--into the
+water. I determined, however, to stay as long as I could, and was soon
+asleep, which showed that I was becoming a soldier--in one important
+respect at least. By daylight, the flood having subsided, I was able to
+reach a fence and "coon it" to a hill above.
+
+While in this camp, as the time had expired for which most of the
+soldiers enlisted, the army was reorganized. The battery having more men
+than was a quota for one company, the last recruits were required to
+enlist in other companies or to exchange with older members who wished
+to change. Thus some of our most interesting members left us, to join
+other commands, and the number of our guns was reduced from eight to
+six. The prisoners were now disposed of, and I returned to my old mess.
+After spending about ten days in this wretched camp we marched again,
+following the Shenandoah River along the base of the mountains toward
+Port Republic. After such weather, the dirt-roads were, of course,
+almost bottomless. The wagons monopolized them during the day, so we had
+to wait until they were out of the way. When they halted for the night,
+we took the mud. The depth of it was nearly up to my knees and
+frequently over them. The bushes on the sides of the road, and the
+darkness, compelled us to wade right in. Here was swearing and growling,
+"Flanders and Flounders." An infantryman was cursing Stonewall most
+eloquently, when the old Christian rode by, and, hearing him, said, in
+his short way, "It's for your own good, sir!" The wagons could make only
+six miles during the day, and, by traveling this distance after night,
+we reached them about nine o'clock. We would then build fires, get our
+cooking utensils, and cook our suppers, and, by the light of the fires,
+see our muddy condition and try to dry off before retiring to the
+ground. We engaged in this sort of warfare for three days, when we
+reached Port Republic, eighteen miles from our starting-point and about
+the same distance from Staunton. Our movements, or rather Jackson's, had
+entirely bewildered us as to his intentions.
+
+While we were at Swift Run, Ewell's division, having been brought from
+the army around Richmond, was encamped just across the mountain opposite
+us. We remained at Port Republic several days. Our company was
+convenient to a comfortable farmhouse, where hot apple turnovers were
+constantly on sale. Our hopes for remaining in the Valley were again
+blasted when the wagons moved out on the Brown's Gap road and we
+followed across the Blue Ridge, making our exit from the pass a few
+miles north of Mechum's River, which we reached about noon of the
+following day.
+
+There had been a good deal of cutting at each other among the members of
+the company who hailed from different sides of the Blue
+Ridge--"Tuckahoes" and "Cohees," as they are provincially called. "Lit"
+Macon, formerly sheriff of Albemarle County, an incessant talker, had
+given us glowing accounts of the treatment we would receive "on t'other
+side." "Jam puffs, jam puffs!" Joe Shaner and I, having something of a
+turn for investigating the resources of a new country, took the first
+opportunity of testing Macon's promised land. We selected a
+fine-looking house, and, approaching it, made known our wants to a young
+lady. She left us standing outside of the yard, we supposed to cool off
+while she made ready for our entertainment in the house. In this we were
+mistaken; for, after a long time, she returned and handed us, through
+the fence, some cold corn-bread and bacon. This and similar experiences
+by others gave us ample means to tease Macon about the grand things we
+were to see and enjoy "on t'other side."
+
+We were now much puzzled as to the meaning of this "wiring in and wiring
+out," as we had turned to the right on crossing the mountain and taken
+the road toward Staunton. To our astonishment we recrossed the mountain,
+from the top of which we again gazed on that grand old Valley, and felt
+that our homes might still be ours. A mile or two from the mountain lay
+the quiet little village of Waynesboro, where we arrived about noon. As
+I was passing along the main street, somewhat in advance of the battery,
+Frank Preston came running out of one of the houses--the Waddells'--and,
+with his usual take-no-excuse style, dragged me in to face a family of
+the prettiest girls in Virginia. I was immediately taken to the
+dining-room, where were "jam puffs" sure enough, and the beautiful Miss
+Nettie to divide my attention.
+
+The next day we camped near Staunton and remained a day. Conjecturing
+now as to Jackson's program was wild, so we concluded to let him have
+his own way. The cadets of the Virginia Military Institute, most of whom
+were boys under seventeen, had, in this emergency, been ordered to the
+field, and joined the line of march as we passed through Staunton, and
+the young ladies of that place made them the heroes of the army, to the
+disgust of the "Veterans" of the old Stonewall Brigade. Our course was
+now westward, and Milroy, who was too strong for General Ed. Johnson in
+the Alleghanies, was the object. About twenty miles west of Staunton was
+the home of a young lady friend, and, on learning that our road lay
+within four miles of it, I determined at least to try to see her.
+Sergeant Clem. Fishburne, who was related to the family, expected to go
+with me, but at the last moment gave it up, so I went alone. To my very
+great disappointment she was not at home, but her sisters entertained me
+nicely with music, etc., and filled my haversack before I left. Just
+before starting off in the afternoon I learned that cannonading had been
+heard toward the front. When a mile or two on my way a passing
+cavalryman, a stranger to me, kindly offered to carry my overcoat, which
+he did, and left it with the battery.
+
+The battery had marched about fifteen miles after I had left it, so I
+had to retrace my four miles, then travel the fifteen, crossing two
+mountains. I must have walked at least five miles an hour, as I reached
+the company before sundown. They had gone into camp. My brother John,
+and Frank Preston, seeing me approach, came out to meet me, and told me
+how excessively uneasy they had been about me all day. A battle had been
+fought and they had expected to be called on every moment, and, "Suppose
+we _had_ gone in, and you off foraging!" How penitent I felt, and at the
+same time how grateful for having two such anxious guardians! While
+expressing this deep interest they each kept an eye on my full
+haversack. "Well," said I, "I have some pabulum here; let's go to the
+mess and give them a snack." They said, "That little bit wouldn't be a
+drop in the bucket with all that mess; let's just go down yonder to the
+branch and have one real good old-fashioned repast." So off we went to
+the branch, and by the time they were through congratulating me on
+getting back before the battery had "gotten into it," my haversack was
+empty. The battle had been fought by Johnson's division, the enemy
+whipped and put to flight. The next day we started in pursuit, passing
+through McDowell, a village in Highland County, and near this village
+the fight had occurred. The ground was too rough and broken for the
+effective use of artillery, so the work was done by the infantry on both
+sides. This was the first opportunity that many of us had had of seeing
+a battlefield the day after the battle. The ghastly faces of the dead
+made a sickening and lasting impression; but I hoped I did not look as
+pale as did some of the young cadets, who proved gallant enough
+afterward. We continued the pursuit a day or two through that wild
+mountainous country, but Milroy stopped only once after his defeat, for
+a skirmish. In a meadow and near the roadside stood a deserted cabin,
+which had been struck several times during the skirmish by shells. I
+went inside of it, to see what a shell could do. Three had penetrated
+the outer wall and burst in the house, and I counted twenty-seven holes
+made through the frame partition by the fragments. Being an
+artilleryman, and therefore to be exposed to missiles of that kind, I
+concluded that my chances for surviving the war were extremely slim.
+
+While on this expedition an amusing incident occurred in our mess. There
+belonged to it quite a character. He was not considered a pretty boy,
+and tried to get even with the world by taking good care of himself. We
+had halted one morning to cook several days' rations, and a large pile
+of bread was placed near the fire, of which we were to eat our breakfast
+and the rest was to be divided among us. He came, we thought, too often
+to the pile, and helped himself bountifully; he would return to his seat
+on his blanket, and one or two of us saw, or thought we saw, him conceal
+pieces of bread under it. Nothing was said at the time, but after he had
+gone away Bolling, Packard and I concluded to examine his haversack,
+which looked very fat. In it we found about half a gallon of rye for
+coffee, a hock of bacon, a number of home-made buttered biscuit, a
+hen-egg and a goose-egg, besides more than his share of camp rations.
+Here was our chance to teach a Christian man in an agreeable way that
+he should not appropriate more than his share of the rations without the
+consent of the mess, so we set to and ate heartily of his good stores,
+and in their place put, for ballast, a river-jack that weighed about two
+pounds. He carried the stone for two days before he ate down to it, and,
+when he did, was mad enough to eat it. We then told him what we had done
+and why, but thought he had hidden enough under his blanket to carry him
+through the campaign.
+
+Before leaving the Valley we had observed decided evidences of spring;
+but here it was like midwinter--not a bud nor blade of grass to be seen.
+Milroy was now out of reach, so we retraced our steps. On getting out of
+the mountains we bore to the left of Staunton in the direction of
+Harrisonburg, twenty-five miles northeast of the former. After the bleak
+mountains, with their leafless trees, the old Valley looked like
+Paradise. The cherry and peach-trees were loaded with bloom, the fields
+covered with rank clover, and how our weary horses did revel in it! We
+camped the first night in a beautiful meadow, and soon after settling
+down I borrowed Sergeant Gregory's one-eyed horse to go foraging on. I
+was very successful; I got supper at a comfortable Dutch house, and at
+it and one or two others I bought myself and the mess rich. As I was
+returning to camp after night with a ham of bacon between me and the
+pommel of the saddle, a bucket of butter on one arm, a kerchief of pies
+on the other, and chickens swung across behind, my one-eyed horse
+stumbled and fell forward about ten feet with his nose to the ground. I
+let him take care of himself while I took care of my provisions. When he
+recovered his feet and started, I do not think a single one of my
+possessions had slipped an inch.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V
+
+BRIDGEWATER--LURAY VALLEY--FRONT ROYAL--FOLLOWING GENERAL BANKS--NIGHT
+MARCH--BATTLE OF WINCHESTER--BANKS'S RETREAT
+
+
+The next day we who were on foot crossed the Shenandoah on a bridge made
+of wagons standing side by side, with tongues up-stream, and boards
+extending from one wagon to another. We reached Bridgewater about four
+P. M. It was a place of which I had never heard, and a beautiful village
+it proved to be, buried in trees and flowers. From Bridgewater we went
+to Harrisonburg, and then on our old familiar and beaten path--the
+Valley pike to New Market. Thence obliquely to the right, crossing the
+Massanutten Mountain into Luray Valley. During the Milroy campaign Ewell
+had crossed into the Valley, and we now followed his division, which was
+several miles in advance. Banks was in command of the Union force in the
+Valley, with his base at Winchester and detachments of his army at
+Strasburg, eighteen miles southwest, and at Front Royal, about the same
+distance in the Luray Valley. So the latter place was to be attacked
+first. About three P. M. the following day cannonading was heard on
+ahead, and, after a sharp fight, Ewell carried the day. We arrived
+about sundown, after it was all over. In this battle the First Maryland
+Regiment (Confederate) had met the First Maryland (Federal) and captured
+the whole regiment. Several members of our battery had brothers or other
+relatives in the Maryland (Confederate) regiment, whom they now met for
+the first time since going into service. Next day we moved toward
+Middletown on the Valley pike, and midway between Winchester and
+Strasburg.
+
+Jackson's rapid movements seemed to have taken the enemy entirely by
+surprise, and we struck their divided forces piecemeal, and even after
+the Front Royal affair their troops at Strasburg, consisting chiefly of
+cavalry, had not moved. Two of our guns were sent on with the Louisiana
+Tigers, to intercept them at Middletown. The guns were posted about one
+hundred and fifty yards from the road, and the Tigers strung along
+behind a stone fence on the roadside. Everything was in readiness when
+the enemy came in sight. They wavered for a time, some trying to pass
+around, but, being pushed from behind, there was no alternative. Most of
+them tried to run the gauntlet; few, however, got through. As the rest
+of us came up we met a number of prisoners on horseback. They had been
+riding at a run for nine miles on the pike in a cloud of white dust.
+Many of them were hatless, some had saber-cuts on their heads and
+streams of blood were coursing down through the dust on their faces.
+Among them was a woman wearing a short red skirt and mounted on a tall
+horse.
+
+Confined in a churchyard in the village were two or three hundred
+prisoners. As we were passing by them an old negro cook, belonging to
+the Alleghany Rough Battery of our brigade, ran over to the fence and
+gave them a hearty greeting, said he was delighted to see them "thar,"
+and that we would catch all the rest of them before they got back home.
+Banks's main force was at Winchester, and thither we directed our
+course.
+
+Newtown was the next village, and there we had another skirmish, our
+artillery being at one end of the town and the enemy's at the opposite.
+In this encounter two members of our battery were wounded. There was
+great rejoicing among the people to see us back again and to be once
+more free from Northern soldiers. As the troops were passing through
+Newtown a very portly old lady came running out on her porch, and,
+spreading her arms wide, called out, "All of you run here and kiss me!"
+
+Night soon set in, and a long, weary night it was; the most trying I
+ever passed, in war or out of it. From dark till daylight we did not
+advance more than four miles. Step by step we moved along, halting for
+five minutes; then on a few steps and halt again. About ten o'clock we
+passed by a house rather below the roadside, on the porch of which lay
+several dead Yankees, a light shining on their ghastly faces.
+Occasionally we were startled by the sharp report of a rifle, followed
+in quick succession by others; then all as quiet as the grave.
+Sometimes, when a longer halt was made, we would endeavor to steal a few
+moments' sleep, for want of which it was hard to stand up. By the time a
+blanket was unrolled, the column was astir again, and so it continued
+throughout the long, dreary hours of the night.
+
+At last morning broke clear and beautiful, finding us about two miles
+from Winchester. After moving on for perhaps half a mile, we filed to
+the left. All indications were that a battle was imminent, Banks
+evidently intending to make one more effort. The sun was up, and never
+shone on a prettier country nor a lovelier May morning. Along our route
+was a brigade of Louisiana troops under the command of Gen. Dick Taylor,
+of Ewell's division. They were in line of battle in a ravine, and as we
+were passing by them several shells came screaming close over our heads
+and burst just beyond. I heard a colonel chiding his men for dodging,
+one of whom called out, in reply, "Colonel, lead us up to where we can
+get at them and then we won't dodge!" We passed on, bearing to the right
+and in the direction from which the shells came. General Jackson ordered
+us to take position on the hill just in front. The ground was covered
+with clover, and as we reached the crest we were met by a volley of
+musketry from a line of infantry behind a stone fence about two hundred
+yards distant.
+
+My gun was one of the last to get into position, coming up on the left.
+I was assigned the position of No. 2, Jim Ford No. 1. The Minie-balls
+were now flying fast by our heads, through the clover and everywhere. A
+charge of powder was handed me, which I put into the muzzle of the gun.
+In a rifled gun this should have been rammed home first, but No. 1 said,
+"Put in your shell and let one ram do. Hear those Minies?" I heard them
+and adopted the suggestion; the consequence was, the charge stopped
+half-way down and there it stuck, and the gun was thereby rendered
+unavailable. This was not very disagreeable, even from a patriotic point
+of view, as we could do but little good shooting at infantry behind a
+stone fence. On going about fifty yards to the rear, I came up with my
+friend and messmate, Gregory, who was being carried by several comrades.
+A Minie-ball had gone through his left arm into his breast and almost
+through his body, lodging in the right side of his back. Still he
+recovered, and was a captain of ordnance at the surrender, and two years
+ago I visited him at his own home in California. As my train stopped at
+his depot, and I saw a portly old gentleman with a long white beard
+coming to meet it, I thought of the youth I remembered, and said, "Can
+that be Gregory?"
+
+Then came Frank Preston with his arm shattered, which had to be
+amputated at the shoulder. I helped to carry Gregory to a barn one
+hundred and fifty yards in the rear, and there lay Bob McKim, of
+Baltimore, another member of the company, shot through the head and
+dying. Also my messmate, Wash. Stuart, who had recently joined the
+battery. A ball had struck him just below the cheek-bone, and, passing
+through the mouth, came out on the opposite side of his face, breaking
+out most of his jaw-teeth. Then came my brother John with a stream of
+blood running from the top of his head, and, dividing at the forehead,
+trickled in all directions down his face. My brother David was also
+slightly wounded on the arm by a piece of shell. By this time the
+Louisianians had been "led up to where they could get at them," and
+gotten them on the run. I forgot to mention that, as one of our guns was
+being put into position, a gate-post interfered. Captain Poague ordered
+John Agnor to cut the post down with an axe. Agnor said, "Captain, I
+will be killed!" Poague replied, "Do your duty, John." He had scarcely
+struck three blows before he fell dead, pierced by a Minie-ball.
+
+In this battle, known as First Winchester, two of the battery were
+killed and twelve or fourteen wounded. The fighting was soon over and
+became a chase. My gun being _hors de combat_, I remained awhile with
+the wounded, so did not witness the first wild enthusiasm of the
+Winchester people as our men drove the enemy through the streets, but
+heard that the ladies could not be kept indoors. Our battery did itself
+credit on this occasion. I will quote from Gen. Dick Taylor's book,
+entitled "Destruction and Reconstruction": "Jackson was on the pike and
+near him were several regiments lying down for shelter, as the fire from
+the ridge was heavy and searching. A Virginian battery, the Rockbridge
+Artillery, was fighting at great disadvantage, and already much cut up.
+Poetic authority asserts that 'Old Virginny never tires,' and the
+conduct of this battery justified the assertion of the muses. With
+scarce a leg or wheel for man and horse, gun or caisson, to stand on, it
+continued to hammer away at the crushing fire above." And further on in
+the same narrative he says, "Meanwhile, the Rockbridge Battery held on
+manfully and engaged the enemy's attention." Dr. Dabney's "Life of
+Stonewall Jackson," page 377, says: "Just at this moment General Jackson
+rode forward, followed by two field-officers, to the very crest of the
+hill, and, amidst a perfect shower of balls, reconnoitred the whole
+position.... He saw them posting another battery, with which they hoped
+to enfilade the ground occupied by the guns of Poague; and nearer to his
+left front a body of riflemen were just seizing a position behind a
+stone fence when they poured a galling fire upon the gunners and struck
+down many men and horses. Here this gallant battery stood its ground,
+sometimes almost silenced, yet never yielding an inch. After a time they
+changed their front to the left, and while a part of their guns replied
+to the opposing battery the remainder shattered the stone fence, which
+sheltered the Federal infantry, with solid shot and raked it with
+canister."
+
+In one of the hospitals I saw Jim ("Red") Jordan, an old schoolmate and
+member of the Alleghany Roughs, with his arm and shoulder horribly
+mangled by a shell. He had beautiful brown eyes, and, as I came into the
+room where he lay tossing on his bed, he opened them for a moment and
+called my name, but again fell back delirious, and soon afterward died.
+
+The chase was now over, and the town full of soldiers and officers,
+especially the latter. I was invited by John Williams, better known as
+"Johnny," to spend the night at his home, a home renowned even in
+hospitable Winchester for its hospitality. He had many more intimate
+friends than I, and the house was full. Still I thought I received more
+attention and kindness than even the officers. I was given a choice room
+all to myself, and never shall I forget the impression made by the sight
+of that clean, snow-white bed, the first I had seen since taking up arms
+for my country, which already seemed to me a lifetime. I thought I must
+lie awake awhile, in order to take in the situation, then go gradually
+to sleep, realizing that to no rude alarm was I to hearken, and once or
+twice during the night to wake up and realize it again. But, alas! my
+plans were all to no purpose; for, after the continual marching and the
+vigils of the previous night, I was asleep the moment my head touched
+the pillow, nor moved a muscle till breakfast was announced next
+morning.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI
+
+CAPTURING FEDERAL CAVALRY--CHARLESTOWN--EXTRAORDINARY MARCH
+
+
+After camping for a day or two about three miles below Winchester we
+marched again toward Harper's Ferry, thirty miles below. Four of the six
+guns of the battery were sent in advance with the infantry of the
+brigade; the other two guns, to one of which I belonged, coming on
+leisurely in the rear. As we approached Charlestown, seated on the
+limbers and caissons, we saw three or four of our cavalrymen coming at
+full speed along a road on our left, which joined the road we were on,
+making an acute angle at the end of the main street. They announced
+"Yankee cavalry" as they passed and disappeared into the town. In a
+moment the Federals were within one hundred yards of us. We had no
+officer, except Sergeant Jordan, but we needed none. Instantly every man
+was on his feet, the guns unlimbered, and, by the time the muzzles were
+in the right direction, No. 5 handed me a charge of canister, No. 1
+standing ready to ram. Before I put the charge into the gun the enemy
+had come to a halt within eighty yards of us, and their commanding
+officer drew and waved a white handkerchief. We, afraid to leave our
+guns lest they should escape or turn the tables on us, after some time
+prevailed on our straggling cavalry, who had halted around the turn, to
+ride forward and take them. There were seventeen Federals, well-mounted
+and equipped. Our cavalry claimed all the spoils, and I heard afterward
+most of the credit, too. We got four of the horses, one of which, under
+various sergeants and corporals, and by the name of "Fizzle," became
+quite a celebrity.
+
+[Illustration: EDWARD A. MOORE
+
+(March, 1862)]
+
+Delighted with our success and gallantry, we again mounted our caissons
+and entered the town at a trot. The people had been under Northern rule
+for a long time, and were rejoiced to greet their friends. I heard a
+very old lady say to a little girl, as we drove by, "Oh, dear! if your
+father was just here, to see this!" The young ladies were standing on
+the sides of the streets, and, as our guns rattled by, would reach out
+to hand us some of the dainties from their baskets; but we had had
+plenty, so they could not reach far enough. The excitement over, we went
+into camp in a pretty piece of woods two miles below the town and six
+from Harper's Ferry. Here we spent several days pleasantly.
+
+Mayor Middleton, of our town, Lexington, had followed us with a
+wagon-load of boxes of edibles from home. So many of the company had
+been wounded or left behind that the rest of us had a double share.
+Gregory's box, which Middleton brought from the railroad, contained a
+jar of delicious pickle. I had never relished it before, but camp-life
+had created a craving for it that seemed insatiable. The cows of the
+neighborhood seemed to have a curiosity to see us, and would stroll
+around the camp and stand kindly till a canteen could be filled with
+rich milk, which could soon be cooled in a convenient spring. Just
+outside of Charlestown lived the Ransons, who had formerly lived near
+Lexington and were great friends of my father's family. I called to see
+them. Buck, the second son, was then about fifteen and chafing to go
+into the army. I took a clean shave with his razor, which he used daily
+to encourage his beard and shorten his stay in Jericho. He treated me to
+a flowing goblet of champagne and gave me a lead-colored knit jacket,
+with a blue border, in which I felt quite fine, and wore through the
+rest of the campaign. It was known in the mess as my "Josey." Buck
+eventually succeeded in getting in, and now bears the scars of three
+saber-cuts on his head.
+
+It was raining the day we broke camp and started toward Winchester, but
+our march was enlivened by the addition of a new recruit in the person
+of Steve Dandridge. He was about sixteen and had just come from the
+Virginia Military Institute, where he had been sent to be kept out of
+the army. He wore a cadet-cap which came well over the eyes and nose,
+and left a mass of brown, curly hair unprotected on the back of his
+head. His joy at being "mustered in" was irrepressible. He had no ear
+for music, was really "too good-natured to strike a tune," but the songs
+he tried to sing would have made a "dog laugh." Within an hour after his
+arrival he was on intimate terms with everybody and knew and called us
+all by our first names.
+
+The march of this day was one of the noted ones of the war. Our battery
+traveled about thirty-five miles, and the infantry of the brigade, being
+camped within a mile of Harper's Ferry, made more than forty miles
+through rain and mud. The cause of this haste was soon revealed. General
+Fremont, with a large army, was moving rapidly from the north to cut us
+off, and was already nearer our base than we were, while General
+Shields, with another large force, was pushing from the southeast,
+having also the advantage of us in distance, and trying to unite with
+Fremont, and General McDowell with 20,000 men was at Fredericksburg. The
+roads on which the three armies were marching concentrated at Strasburg,
+and Jackson was the first to get there. Two of our guns were put in
+position on a fortified hill near the town, from which I could see the
+pickets of both the opposing armies on their respective roads and
+numbers of our stragglers still following on behind us, between the two.
+Many of our officers had collected around our guns with their
+field-glasses, and, at the suggestion of one of them, we fired a few
+rounds at the enemy's videttes "to hurry up our stragglers."
+
+The next day, when near the village of Edinburg, a squadron of our
+cavalry, under command of General Munford, was badly stampeded by a
+charge of Federal cavalry. Suddenly some of these men and horses without
+riders came dashing through our battery, apparently blind to objects in
+their front. One of our company was knocked down by the knees of a
+flying horse, and, as the horse was making his next leap toward him, his
+bridle was seized by a driver and the horse almost doubled up and
+brought to a standstill. This was the only time I ever heard a
+field-officer upbraided by privates; but one of the officers got ample
+abuse from us on that occasion.
+
+I had now again, since Winchester, been assigned to a Parrott gun, and
+it, with another, was ordered into position on the left of the road. The
+Federals soon opened on us with two guns occupying an unfavorable
+position considerably below us. The gunner of my piece was J. P. Smith,
+who afterward became an aide on General Jackson's staff, and was with
+him when he received his death-wound at Chancellorsville. One of the
+guns firing at us could not, for some time, be accurately located, owing
+to some small trees, etc., which intervened, so the other gun received
+most of our attention. Finally, I marked the hidden one exactly, beyond
+a small tree, from the puff of smoke when it fired. I then asked J. P.,
+as we called him, to let me try a shot at it, to which he kindly
+assented. I got a first-rate aim and ordered "Fire!" The enemy's gun
+did not fire again, though its companion continued for some time. I have
+often wished to know what damage I did them.
+
+The confusion of the stampede being over, the line of march was quietly
+resumed for several miles, until we reached "The Narrows," where we
+again went into position. I had taken a seat by the roadside and was
+chatting with a companion while the guns drove out into a field to
+prepare for action, and, as I could see the ground toward the enemy, I
+knew that I had ample time to get to my post before being needed. When
+getting out the accouterments the priming-wire could not be found. I
+being No. 3 was, of course, responsible for it. I heard Captain Poague,
+on being informed who No. 3 was, shout, "Ned Moore, where is that
+priming-wire?" I replied, "It is in the limber-chest where it belongs."
+There were a good many people around, and I did not wish it to appear
+that I had misplaced my little priming-wire in the excitement of
+covering Stonewall's retreat. The captain yelled, as I thought
+unnecessarily, "It isn't there!" I, in the same tone, replied, "It is
+there, and I will get it!" So off I hurried, and, to my delight, there
+it was in its proper place, and I brought it forth with no small
+flourish and triumph.
+
+After waiting here for a reasonable time, and no foe appearing, we
+followed on in rear of the column without further molestation or
+incident that I can now recall. We reached Harrisonburg after a few
+days' marching.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII
+
+GENERAL JACKSON NARROWLY ESCAPES BEING CAPTURED AT PORT
+REPUBLIC--CONTEST BETWEEN CONFEDERATES AND FEDERALS FOR BRIDGE OVER
+SHENANDOAH
+
+
+The College company had as cook a very black negro boy named Pete, who
+through all this marching had carried, on a baggage-wagon, a small game
+rooster which he told me had whipped every chicken from Harrisonburg to
+Winchester and back again. At last he met defeat, and Pete consigned him
+to the pot, saying, "No chicken dat kin be whipped shall go 'long wid
+Jackson's headquarters." At Harrisonburg we turned to the left again,
+but this time obliquely, in the direction of Port Republic, twenty miles
+distant. We went into camp on Saturday evening, June 7, about one mile
+from Port Republic and on the north side of the Shenandoah. Shields had
+kept his army on the south side of this stream and had been moving
+parallel with us during our retreat. Jackson's division was in advance.
+Instead of going into camp, I, with two messmates, Bolling and Walter
+Packard, diverged to a log-house for supper. The man of the house was
+quiet; his wife did the talking, and a great deal of it. She flatly
+refused us a bite to eat, but, on stating the case to her, she consented
+to let us have some bread and milk. Seated around an unset dining-table
+we began divesting ourselves of our knapsacks. She said, "Just keep your
+baggage on; you can eat a bite and go." We told her we could eat faster
+unharnessed. She sliced a loaf of bread as sad as beeswax, one she had
+had on hand for perhaps a week, and gave us each a bowl of sour milk,
+all the while reminding us to make our stay short. For the sake of
+"argument" we proposed to call around for breakfast. She scorned the
+idea, had "promised breakfast to fifty already." "Staying all night? Not
+any." We said we could sleep in the yard and take our chances for
+breakfast. After yielding, inch by inch, she said we could sleep on the
+porch. "Well, I reckon you just as well come into the house," and showed
+us into a snug room containing two nice, clean beds, in one of which lay
+a little "nigger" about five years old, with her nappy head on a
+snow-white pillow. We took the floor and slept all night, and were
+roused next morning to partake of a first-rate breakfast.
+
+About eight or nine o'clock this Sunday morning we were taking our ease
+in and about camp, some having gone to the river to bathe, and the
+horses turned loose in the fields to graze. I was stretched at full
+length on the ground, when "bang!" went a Yankee cannon about a mile in
+our rear, toward Port Republic. We were up and astir instantly, fully
+realizing the situation. By lending my assistance to the drivers in
+catching and hitching up the horses, my gun was the first ready, and
+started immediately in the direction of the firing, with Captain Poague
+in the lead, the other guns following on as they got ready.
+
+Three or four hundred yards brought us in full view of Port Republic,
+situated just across the river. Beyond, and to the left of the village,
+was a small body of woods; below this, and lying between the river and
+mountain, an open plain. We fired on several regiments of infantry in
+the road parallel to and across the river, who soon began moving off to
+the left. The other guns of the battery, arriving on the scene one at a
+time, took position on our left and opened vigorously on the retreating
+infantry. My gun then moved forward and unlimbered close to a bridge
+about two hundred yards below the town, where we took position on a
+bluff in the bend of the river. We commenced firing at the enemy's
+cavalry as they emerged from the woods and crossed the open plain. One
+of our solid shots struck a horse and rider going at full gallop. The
+horse reared straight up, then down both fell in a common heap to rise
+no more.
+
+While in this position General Jackson, who had narrowly escaped being
+captured in his quarters in the town, came riding up to us. Soon after
+his arrival we saw a single piece of artillery pass by the lower end of
+the village, and, turning to the right, drive quietly along the road
+toward the bridge. The men were dressed in blue, most of them having on
+blue overcoats; still we were confident they were our own men, as
+three-fourths of us wore captured overcoats. General Jackson ordered,
+"Fire on that gun!" We said, "General, those are our men." The General
+repeated, "Fire on that gun!" Captain Poague said, "General, I know
+those are our men." (Poague has since told me that he had, that morning,
+crossed the river and seen one of our batteries in camp near this
+place.) Then the General called, "Bring that gun over here," and
+repeated the order several times. We had seen, a short distance behind
+us, a regiment of our infantry, the Thirty-seventh Virginia. It was now
+marching in column very slowly toward us. In response to Jackson's order
+to "bring that gun over here," the Federals, for Federals they were,
+unlimbered their gun and pointed it through the bridge. We tried to
+fire, but could not depress our gun sufficiently for a good aim.
+
+The front of the infantry regiment had now reached a point within twenty
+steps of us on our right, when the Federals turned their gun toward us
+and fired, killing the five men of the regiment at the front. The
+Federals then mounted their horses and limber, leaving their gun behind,
+and started off. The infantry, shocked by their warm reception, had not
+yet recovered. We called on them, over and over, to kill a horse as the
+enemy drove off. They soon began shooting, and, I thought, fired shots
+enough to kill a dozen horses; but on the Federals went, right in front
+of us, and not more than one hundred yards distant, accompanied by two
+officers on horseback. When near the town the horse of one officer
+received a shot and fell dead. The Thirty-seventh Virginia followed on
+in column through the bridge, its front having passed the deserted gun
+while its rear was passing us. The men in the rear, mistaking the front
+of their own regiment for the enemy, opened fire on them, heedless of
+the shouts of their officers and of the artillerymen as to what they
+were doing. I saw a little fellow stoop, and, resting his rifle on his
+knee, take a long aim and fire. Fortunately, they shot no better at
+their own men than they did at the enemy, as not a man was touched. Up
+to this time we had been absorbed in events immediately at hand, but,
+quiet being now restored, we heard cannonading back toward Harrisonburg.
+Fremont had attacked Ewell at Cross Keys, about four miles from us. Soon
+the musketry was heard and the battle waxed warm.
+
+Remaining in this position the greater portion of the day, we listened
+anxiously to learn from the increasing or lessening sound how the battle
+was going with Ewell, and turned our eyes constantly in the opposite
+direction, expecting a renewal of the attack from Shields. Toward the
+middle of the afternoon the sound became more and more remote--Ewell had
+evidently won the day, which fact was later confirmed by couriers. We
+learned, too, of the death of General Ashby, which had occurred the
+preceding day.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII
+
+BATTLE OF PORT REPUBLIC
+
+
+About sundown we crossed on the bridge, and our wagons joining us we
+went into bivouac. In times of this kind, when every one is tired, each
+has to depend on himself to prepare his meal. While I was considering
+how best and soonest I could get my supper cooked, Bob Lee happened to
+stop at our fire, and said he would show me a first-rate plan. It was to
+mix flour and water together into a thin batter, then fry the grease out
+of bacon, take the meat out of the frying pan and pour the batter in,
+and then "just let her rip awhile over the fire." I found the receipt a
+good one and expeditious.
+
+About two miles below us, near the river, we could plainly see the
+enemy's camp-fires. Early next morning we were astir, and crossed the
+other fork of the river on an improvised bridge made of boards laid on
+the running-gear of wagons.
+
+We felt assured that Fremont and Shields had received ample
+satisfaction, and that we were done with them for the present at least.
+Still more were we of this opinion when the wagon-train took the Brown's
+Gap road leading across the Blue Ridge, we expecting, of course, to
+follow. We did not follow, however, but took instead the route Shields's
+forces had taken the day previous, along which lay the bodies of the men
+we had killed, their heads, with few exceptions, being shot entirely
+off.
+
+Having gone about a mile, the enemy opened on us with artillery, their
+shells tearing by us with a most venomous whistle. Halted on the sides
+of the road, as we moved by, were the infantry of our brigade. Among
+them I recognized my old school-teacher, Alfonso Smith, who had just
+joined the army. I had many times quailed under his fierce eye and
+writhed under his birch rod. The strain to which he was subjected under
+these circumstances was doubly trying, waiting inactive for his first
+baptism of fire. His eye was restless as we passed; perhaps he had a
+presentiment, as he received his death-wound before the day was over.
+
+Again our two Parrott guns were ordered forward. Turning out of the road
+to the left, we unlimbered and commenced firing. The ground on which we
+stood was level and very soft, and, having no hand-spike, we had to move
+the trail of the gun by main force. The enemy very soon got our range,
+and more accurate shooting I was never subjected to. The other four guns
+of the battery now came up, and, passing along a small ravine about
+forty yards behind us, halted for a time nearby. We were hotly engaged,
+shells bursting close around and pelting us with soft dirt as they
+struck the ground. Bob Lee came creeping up from his gun in the ravine,
+and called to me, "Ned, that isn't making batter-cakes, is it?" The
+constant recoiling of our gun cut great furrows in the earth, which made
+it necessary to move several times to more solid ground. In these
+different positions which we occupied three of the enemy's shells passed
+between the wheels and under the axle of our gun, bursting at the trail.
+One of them undermined the gunner's (Henry's) footing and injured him so
+as to necessitate his leaving the field. Even the old Irish hero, Tom
+Martin, was demoralized, and, in dodging from a Yankee shell, was struck
+by the wheel of our gun in its recoil and rendered _hors de combat_. We
+had been kept in this position for two or three hours, while a flank
+movement was being made by Taylor's Louisiana Brigade and the Second
+Virginia Regiment through the brush at the foot of the mountain on our
+right. When it was thought that sufficient time had been allowed for
+them to make the detour, our whole line moved forward, the rest of the
+battery several hundred yards to our left. When my gun moved up an
+eighth of a mile nearer to the enemy, they added two guns to the three
+occupying the site of an old coal-hearth at the foot of the rugged
+mountain, so that our gun had five to contend with for an hour longer.
+
+Graham Montgomery had become gunner in Henry's place, and proved a good
+one. He could not be hurried, and every time the smoke puffed from our
+gun their cannoneers slid right and left from the coal-hearth, then
+returning to their guns loaded and gave us a volley. As usual in such
+cases, our flanking party was longer in making their appearance than
+expected. The whole Federal line charged, and as they did so their ranks
+rapidly thinned, some hesitating to advance, while others were shot down
+in full view. Still they drove us back and captured one gun of our
+battery. Singleton, of my mess, was captured, and Lieut. Cole Davis,
+supposed to be mortally wounded, was left on the field. On getting back
+a short distance I found myself utterly exhausted, my woolen clothes wet
+with perspiration. Having been too tired to get out of the way when the
+gun fired, my eardrums kept up the vibrations for hours. Sleep soon
+overcame me, but still the battle reverberated in my head.
+
+The Louisianians and the Second Virginia had gotten through the brush
+and driven the enemy from the field. I was roused, to join in the
+pursuit, and had the satisfaction of seeing the five cannon that had
+played on our gun standing silent on the coal-hearth, in our hands.
+There being no room in their rear, their caissons and limbers stood off
+to their right on a flat piece of heavily wooded ground. This was almost
+covered with dead horses. I think there must have been eighty or ninety
+on less than an acre; one I noticed standing almost upright, perfectly
+lifeless, supported by a fallen tree. Farther on we overtook one of our
+battery horses which we had captured from Banks two weeks before.
+Shields's men then captured him from us, and we again from them. He had
+been wounded four times, but was still fit for service.
+
+Such a spectacle as we here witnessed and exultingly enjoyed possibly
+has no parallel. After a rapid retreat of more than one hundred miles,
+to escape from the clutches of three armies hotly pursuing on flank and
+rear, one of which had outstripped us, we paused to contemplate the
+situation. On the ground where we stood lay the dead and wounded of
+Shields's army, with much of their artillery and many prisoners in our
+possession, while, crowning the hills in full view and with no means of
+crossing an intervening river, even should they venture to do so, stood
+another army--Fremont's--with flags flying.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX
+
+FROM BROWN'S GAP TO STAUNTON--FROM STAUNTON TO RICHMOND--COLD
+HARBOR--GENERAL LEE VISITS HIS SON IN THE BATTERY
+
+
+I had exchanged my brother John as a bedfellow for Walter Packard.
+Walter was a droll fellow, rather given to arguing, and had a way of
+enraging his adversary while he kept cool, and, when it suited, could
+put on great dignity. Immediately following our battery, as we worked
+our way along a by-road through the foothills toward Brown's Gap, was
+Gen. Dick Taylor at the head of his Louisiana Brigade. Walter had
+mounted and was riding on a caisson, contrary to orders recently issued
+by Jackson. Taylor ordered him to get down. Walter turned around, and,
+looking coolly at him, said, with his usual sang-froid, "Who are you,
+and what the devil have you to do with my riding on a caisson?" Taylor
+seemed astounded for a moment, and then opened on poor Walter with a
+volley of oaths that our champion swearer, Irish Emmett, would have
+envied.
+
+When we had gotten about half-way to the top of the mountain, I, with
+three others, was detailed to go back and bring Lieut. Cole Davis from
+the field. We were too tired for any thought but of ourselves, and
+retraced our steps, growling as we went. We had heard that Davis was
+mortally wounded, and was probably dead then. Suddenly, one hundred
+yards in front of us, we saw a man riding slowly toward us, sitting
+erect, with his plume flying. We said, "That's Davis or his ghost!" It
+was he, held on his horse by a man on each side. We walked on with him
+till dusk, but, finding he had assistants to spare, two of us overtook
+the battery. Davis was shot through the body, and suffering dreadfully,
+able to move only in an upright posture. He entirely recovered, however,
+and did gallant service until the close of the war.
+
+Still photographed on my memory is the appearance of the body of one of
+the Second Virginia Regiment being hauled on our rear caisson. His head
+had been shot off, and over the headless trunk was fastened a white
+handkerchief, which served as a sort of guide in the darkness. Weary of
+plodding thus, Graham Montgomery and I left the road, a short distance
+from which we concluded to spend the night and be subject to no more
+orders. A drizzling rain was falling. Each having a gum-cloth, we spread
+one on the loose stones and the other over us, with our feet against a
+big tree, to keep from sliding down the mountainside. We were soon
+asleep, and when we awoke next morning we had slid into a heap close
+against the tree. To give an idea of the ready access we had to the
+enemy's stores. I had been the possessor of nine gum-blankets within the
+past three weeks, and no such article as a gum-blanket was ever
+manufactured in the South. Any soldier carrying a Confederate canteen
+was at once recognized as a new recruit, as it required but a short time
+to secure one of superior quality from a dead foeman on a battlefield.
+
+Following the road up the mountain, we came across one of our guns
+which, by bad driving, had fallen over an embankment some forty feet.
+Two horses still hitched to it lay on their backs, one of which I
+recognized as Gregory's one-eyed dun which I had ridden foraging at
+Bridgewater. After my arrival on top of the mountain I was sent with a
+detail which recovered the gun and the two horses, both alive. Dandridge
+and Adams were driving the team when the gun went over. They saved
+themselves by jumping, and came near having a fight right there as to
+who was at fault, and for a long time afterward it was only necessary to
+refer to the matter to have a repetition of the quarrel.
+
+After a day or two we countermarched toward Port Republic and went into
+camp a mile from Weir's cave, where we spent several days. Thence toward
+Staunton and camped near the town. Here we were told that we were to
+have a month's rest in consideration of our long-continued marching and
+fighting. Rest, indeed! We lost the three days we might have had for
+rest while there, preparing our camp for a month of ease. During our
+stay here my father paid us a visit, having ridden from Lexington to see
+his three sons. After having gotten ourselves comfortable, orders came
+to pack up and be ready to move. I had carried in my knapsack a pair of
+lady's shoes captured from Banks's plunder at Winchester. These I gave
+to a camp scavenger who came from the town for plunder.
+
+Little did we dream of the marching and fighting that were in store for
+us. Jackson, having vanquished three armies in the Valley, was now
+ordered to Richmond with his "bloody brigades."
+
+We left Staunton about the twentieth of June, crossed the Blue Ridge at
+Rockfish Gap, passed through Charlottesville, and were choked, day after
+day, by the red dust of the Piedmont region. In Louisa County we had
+rain and mud to contend with, thence through the low, flat lands of
+Hanover, bearing to the left after passing Ashland.
+
+Our destination was now evident. The army around Richmond was waiting
+for Jackson to dislodge McClellan from the Chickahominy swamps, and our
+attack was to be made on his right flank. It seems that our powers of
+endurance had been over-estimated or the distance miscalculated, as the
+initiatory battle at Mechanicsville was fought by A. P. Hill without
+Jackson's aid. This was the first of the seven days' fighting around
+Richmond. We arrived in the neighborhood of Cold Harbor about two P. M.
+on June 27, and approached more and more nearly the preliminary
+cannonading, most of which was done by the enemy's guns. About three
+o'clock the musketry began, and soon thereafter the infantry of our
+brigade was halted in the road alongside of us, and, loading their guns,
+moved forward.
+
+[Illustration: JOHN M. BROWN
+
+(War-time portrait)]
+
+In a short time the fighting became furious, done almost entirely on our
+side with small arms, as few positions could be found for artillery. For
+two or three hours the noise of the battle remained almost stationary,
+accentuated at intervals by the shouting of the combatants, as ground
+was lost or won. It was here that General Lee said to General Jackson,
+"That fire is very heavy! Do you think your men can stand it?" The reply
+was, "They can stand almost anything; they can stand that!" We stood
+expecting every moment to be ordered in, as every effort was made by our
+officers to find a piece of open ground on which we could unlimber. By
+sundown the firing had gradually lessened and was farther from us, and
+when night came on the enemy had been driven from their fortifications
+and quiet was restored. The loss on our side was fearful. Among the
+killed was my cousin, James Allen, colonel of the Second Virginia
+Regiment.
+
+While lying among the guns in park that night my rest was frequently
+disturbed by the antics of one of the battery horses suffering with an
+attack of "blind staggers," and floundering around in the darkness among
+the sleeping men.
+
+Before leaving our place of bivouac the next morning, a visit from
+General Lee, attended by his full staff, to his son Robert, gave us our
+first opportunity of seeing this grand man. The interview between father
+and son is described by the latter in his "Recollections and Letters of
+Gen. Robert E. Lee," which I quote:
+
+"The day after the battle of Cold Harbor, during the 'Seven Days'
+fighting around Richmond, was the first time I met my father after I had
+joined General Jackson. The tremendous work Stonewall's men had
+performed, including the rapid march from the Valley of Virginia, the
+short rations, the bad water, and the great heat, had begun to tell upon
+us, and I was pretty well worn out. On this particular morning my
+battery had not moved from its bivouac ground of the previous night, but
+was parked in an open field, all ready waiting orders. Most of the men
+were lying down, many sleeping, myself among the latter number. To get
+some shade and to be out of the way I had crawled under a caisson, and
+was busy making up many lost hours of rest. Suddenly I was rudely
+awakened by a comrade, prodding me with a sponge-staff as I had failed
+to be aroused by his call, and was told to get up and come out, that
+some one wished to see me. Half-awake I staggered out, and found myself
+face to face with General Lee and his staff. Their fresh uniforms,
+bright equipments, and well-groomed horses contrasted so forcibly with
+the war-worn appearance of our command that I was completely dazed. It
+took me a moment or two to realize what it all meant, but when I saw my
+father's loving eyes and smile it became clear to me that he had ridden
+by to see if I was safe and to ask how I was getting along. I remember
+well how curiously those with him gazed at me, and I am sure that it
+must have struck them as very odd that such a dirty, ragged, unkempt
+youth could have been the son of this grand-looking, victorious
+commander.
+
+"I was introduced recently to a gentleman, now living in Washington,
+who, when he found out my name, said he had met me once before and that
+it was on this occasion. At that time he was a member of the Tenth
+Virginia Infantry, Jackson's division, and was camped near our battery.
+Seeing General Lee and staff approach, he, with others, drew near to
+have a look at them, and witnessed the meeting between father and son.
+He also said that he had often told of the incident as illustrating the
+peculiar composition of our army."
+
+As we moved on over the battlefield that morning, the number of slain on
+both sides was fully in proportion to the magnitude of the conflict of
+the day preceding. In a piece of woods through which we passed, and
+through which the battle had surged back and forth, after careful
+observation I failed to find a tree the size of a man's body with less
+than a dozen bullet-marks on it within six feet of the ground, and many
+of them were scarred to the tops. Not even the small saplings had
+escaped, yet some of the men engaged had passed through the battle
+untouched. I was with my messmate, William Bolling, when he here
+discovered and recognized the dead body of his former school-teacher,
+Wood McDonald, of Winchester.
+
+On the 28th we crossed the Chickahominy on Grapevine Bridge, the long
+approaches to which were made of poles, thence across the York River
+Railroad at Savage Station. As we moved along, fighting was almost
+constantly heard in advance of us, and rumors were rife that the trap
+was so set as to capture the bulk of McClellan's army. Near White Oak
+Swamp we reached another battlefield, and, after night, went into
+bivouac among the enemy's dead. About ten o'clock I, with several
+others, was detailed to go back with some wagons, to get a supply of
+captured ammunition. For four or five miles we jolted over corduroy
+roads, loaded our wagons, and got back to the battery just before dawn
+of the following morning. Scarcely had I stretched myself on the ground
+when the bugle sounded reveille, and even those who had spent the night
+undisturbed were with difficulty aroused from sleep. I remember seeing
+Captain Poague go to a prostrate form that did not respond to the
+summons, and call out, "Wake up, wake up!" But, seeing no sign of
+stirring, he used his foot to give it a shake, when he discovered he was
+trying to rouse a dead Yankee! Having been on duty all night I was
+being left unmolested to the last moment, when Joe Shaner came to me, as
+usual, and very quietly rolled up my blanket with his, to be carried on
+his off-horse. This was the battlefield of White Oak Swamp, fought on
+June 30. Along the march from Cold Harbor we had passed several Federal
+field-hospitals containing their sick, some of them in tents, some lying
+in bunks made of poles supported on upright forks. These and their old
+camps were infested with vermin--"war bugs," as we usually called
+them--which, with what we already had after two weeks of constant march,
+with neither time nor material for a change, made us exceedingly
+uncomfortable.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X
+
+GENERAL JACKSON COMPLIMENTS THE BATTERY--MALVERN HILL--MY VISIT TO
+RICHMOND
+
+
+On July 1 we passed near the battlefield known as Frazier's Farm, also
+fought on June 30 by the divisions of Magruder, Longstreet, and others,
+and arrived early in the day in front of Malvern Hill. For a mile or
+more our road ran through a dense body of woods extending to the high
+range of hills occupied by the enemy. At a point where another road
+crossed the one on which we had traveled, and where stood two old
+gate-posts, we were ordered to mount the caissons and limbers and trot
+on toward the firing already begun. This order can be attributed to the
+reputation our battery had made, and is a matter of record, which I
+quote: "At Malvern Hill the battery was openly complimented by General
+Jackson in connection with Carpenter's battery. When Gen. D. H. Hill
+asked General Jackson if he could furnish him a battery which would hold
+a certain position, from which two or three batteries had been driven by
+the galling fire of the enemy, he said, 'Yes, two,' and called for
+Carpenter and Poague, and General Hill ordered Captain Poague to bring
+up his battery at once."
+
+Taking the road to the left, we soon emerged from the woods into a
+wheat-field, the grain standing in shocks. While seated on a caisson,
+driving down this road at a trot, I was suddenly seized with a
+presentiment that I was to be killed in this battle, the only time such
+a feeling came over me during the war. Finding myself becoming rapidly
+demoralized, I felt that, in order to avoid disgrace, I must get down
+from that seat and shake the wretched thing off. So down I jumped and
+took it afoot, alongside of the gun, as we passed down a little ravine
+which was being raked from end to end by the enemy's shells. The
+diversion worked like a charm, for in two minutes the apprehension toned
+down to the normal proportions of "stage fright." We were soon in
+position with our six guns ablaze. The enemy's batteries were posted on
+considerably higher ground, with three times as many guns and of heavier
+caliber than ours, which served us the same galling fire that had
+wrecked the batteries preceding us. After having been engaged for an
+hour, a battery posted some two hundred yards to our left was stampeded
+and came by us under whip and spur, announcing, as they passed, that
+they were flanked by Federal cavalry. In the commotion, some one in our
+battery called out that we had orders to withdraw, and, before it could
+be corrected, eight or ten of the company, joining in the rout, beat a
+retreat to the woods, for which they were afterward punished; some
+being assigned as drivers, and one or two gallant fellows having it ever
+afterward to dim their glory. We soon, however, recovered from the
+confusion, but with diminished numbers. I know that for a part of the
+time I filled the positions of 7, 5, and 2 at my gun, until a gallant
+little lieutenant named Day, of some general's staff, relieved me of
+part of the work. My brother John, working at the gun next to mine,
+received a painful shell-wound in the side and had to leave the field.
+His place was supplied by Doran, an Irishman, and in a few minutes
+Doran's arm was shattered by a shell, causing him to cry out most
+lustily. My brother David, shortly after this, was disabled by a blow on
+his arm, and, at my solicitation, left the field.
+
+I would suggest to any young man when enlisting to select a company in
+which he has no near kindred. The concern as to one's own person affords
+sufficient entertainment, without being kept in suspense as to who went
+down when a shell explodes in proximity to another member of the family.
+
+John Fuller, driver at the piece next on my right, was crouched down on
+his knees, with his head leaning forward, holding his horses. Seeing a
+large shell descending directly toward him, I called to him to look out!
+When he raised his head, this shell was within five feet of him and
+grazed his back before entering the ground close behind him. He was
+severely shocked, and for some days unfit for duty. At the first battle
+of Fredericksburg, more than a year after this, while holding his horses
+and kneeling in the same posture, a shell descending in like manner
+struck him square on his head and passed down through the length of his
+body. A month after the battle I saw all that was left of his cap--the
+morocco vizor--lying on the ground where he was killed.
+
+Behind us, scattered over the wheat-field, were a number of loose
+artillery horses from the batteries that had been knocked out. Taking
+advantage of the opportunity to get a meal, one of these stood eating
+quietly at a shock of wheat, when another horse came galloping toward
+him from the woods. When within about thirty yards of the animal
+feeding, a shell burst between the two. The approaching horse instantly
+wheeled, and was flying for the woods when another shell burst a few
+feet in front of him, turning him again to the field as before; the old
+warrior ate away at his shock, perfectly unconcerned.
+
+The firing on both sides, especially on ours, was now diminishing--and
+soon ceased. In this encounter ten or twelve members of the company were
+wounded, and Frank Herndon, wheel driver at my caisson, was killed.
+After remaining quiet for a short time we were ordered back, and again
+found ourselves at the cross-roads, near the old gate-posts, which
+seemed to be the headquarters of Generals Lee, Jackson and D. H. Hill.
+
+John Brown, one of our company who had been detailed to care for the
+wounded, had taken a seat behind a large oak-tree in the edge of the
+woods near us. A thirty-two-pound shot struck the tree, and, passing
+through the center of it, took Brown's head entirely off. We spent
+several hours standing in the road, which was filled with artillery, and
+our generals were evidently at their wits' ends. Toward evening we moved
+farther back into the woods, where many regiments of our infantry were
+in bivouac. The enemy had now turned their fire in this direction. Both
+that of their heavy field-pieces and gunboats, and enormous shells and
+solid shot, were constantly crashing through the timber, tearing off
+limbs and the tops of trees, which sometimes fell among the troops,
+maiming and killing men.
+
+After sundown a charge was made against the enemy's left, which was
+repulsed with terrible loss to our men. After this the enemy continued
+shelling the woods; in fact their whole front, until ten o'clock at
+night. Our battery had moved back at least two miles and gone into park
+in a field, where, at short intervals, a large gunboat shell would burst
+over us, scattering pieces around, while the main part would whirr on,
+it seemed, indefinitely.
+
+The next day, the enemy having abandoned Malvern Hill during the night,
+we made a rapid start in pursuit toward Harrison's Landing, but suddenly
+came to a halt and countermarched to a place where several roads
+crossed, on all of which were columns of infantry and artillery. During
+the remainder of the day the soldiers gave vent to their feelings by
+cheering the different generals as they passed to and fro, Jackson
+naturally receiving the lion's share.
+
+McClellan's army being now under cover of their gunboats, and gunboats
+being held in mortal terror by the Confederates, we began slowly to make
+our way out of this loathsome place, a place which I felt should be
+cheerfully given up to the Northerners, where they could inhale the
+poisonous vapors of the bogs, and prosecute the war in continuous battle
+with the mosquitoes and vermin. The water of the few sluggish streams,
+although transparent, was highly colored by the decaying vegetable
+matter and the roots of the juniper. For the first time in my life I was
+now out of sight of the mountains. I felt utterly lost, and found myself
+repeatedly rising on tip-toe and gazing for a view of them in the
+distance. Being very much worsted physically by the campaign and
+malarial atmosphere, I was put on the sick-list, and given permission to
+go to Richmond to recuperate.
+
+My entrance into the city contrasted strikingly with that of soldiers I
+had read of after a series of victories in battle. The portable forge
+belonging to our battery needed some repairs, which could be made at a
+foundry in Richmond, and, as no other conveyance was available, I took
+passage on it. So I entered the city, the first I had ever visited,
+after dark, seated on a blacksmith-shop drawn by four mules. Not having
+received my eleven dollars a month for a long time, I could not pay a
+hotel-bill, so I climbed the fence into a wagon-yard, retired to bed in
+a horse-cart, and slept soundly till daylight. That morning I took
+breakfast with my cousin, Robert Barton, of the First Virginia Cavalry,
+at his boarding-house. After which, having gotten a sick furlough, he
+hurried to take the train, to go to his home, and left me feeling very
+forlorn. Thinking that I could fare no worse in camp than I would in the
+midst of the painful surroundings of a hospital, I returned in the
+afternoon to the battery. The arduous service undergone during the past
+three weeks, or rather three months, had left the men greatly depleted
+in health and vigor. Many were seriously sick, and those still on duty
+were more or less run-down.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI
+
+FROM RICHMOND TO GORDONSVILLE--BATTLE OF CEDAR RUN--DEATH OF GENERAL
+WINDER--DESERTERS SHOT--CROSS THE RAPPAHANNOCK
+
+
+At the conclusion of this sojourn in camp, Jackson's command again took
+the march and toiled along the line of the Central Railroad toward
+Gordonsville. I, being sick, was given transportation by rail in a
+freight-car with a mixture of troops. A week was spent in Louisa County,
+in the celebrated Green Spring neighborhood, where we fared well. My old
+mess, numbering seventeen when I joined it, had by this time been
+greatly reduced. My brother John had gotten a discharge from the army,
+his office of commissioner of chancery exempting him. Gregory, Frank
+Preston and Stuart had been left in Winchester in the enemy's lines
+severely wounded. Singleton had been captured at Port Republic, and
+others were off on sick-leave. My bedfellow, Walter Packard, had
+contracted fever in the Chickahominy swamps, from which he soon after
+died. He had been left at the house of a friend in Hanover County,
+attended by his brother. In his delirium he impatiently rehearsed the
+names of his companions, calling the roll of the company over and over.
+From Green Spring we marched to the neighborhood of Gordonsville, where
+we remained in camp until about the fifth or sixth of August.
+
+We now heard reports of the approach of the renowned General Pope with
+"headquarters in the saddle," along the line of the old Orange and
+Alexandria Railroad. On August 7, we moved out of camp, going in his
+direction. On the third day's march, being too unwell to foot it, I was
+riding in the ambulance. About noon indications in front showed that a
+battle was at hand. I was excused from duty, but was asked by the
+captain if I would assist in caring for the wounded. This I declined to
+do. About this time the battery was ordered forward, and, seeing my gun
+start off at a trot, I mounted and rode in with it. We had a long hill
+to descend, from the top of which could be seen and heard the
+cannonading in front. Then, entering an extensive body of woods, we
+passed by the bodies of four infantrymen lying side by side, having just
+been killed by a bursting shell.
+
+We took position in the road near the corner of an open field with our
+two Parrott guns and one gun of Carpenter's battery, en echelon, with
+each gun's horses and limber off on its left among the trees. Both Capt.
+Joe Carpenter and his brother, John, who was his first lieutenant, were
+with this gun, as was their custom when any one of their guns went into
+action. We soon let the enemy know where we were, and they replied
+promptly, getting our range in a few rounds.
+
+General Winder, commander of our brigade, dismounted, and, in his
+shirt-sleeves, had taken his stand a few paces to the left of my gun and
+with his field-glass was intently observing the progress of the battle.
+We had been engaged less than fifteen minutes when Captain Carpenter was
+struck in the head by a piece of shell, from which, after lingering a
+few weeks, he died. Between my gun and limber, where General Winder
+stood, was a constant stream of shells tearing through the trees and
+bursting close by. While the enemy's guns were changing their position
+he gave some directions, which we could not hear for the surrounding
+noise. I, being nearest, turned and, walking toward him, asked what he
+had said. As he put his hand to his mouth to repeat the remark, a shell
+passed through his side and arm, tearing them fearfully. He fell
+straight back at full length, and lay quivering on the ground. He had
+issued strict orders that morning that no one, except those detailed for
+the purpose, should leave his post to carry off the wounded, in
+obedience to which I turned to the gun and went to work. He was soon
+carried off, however, and died a few hours later.
+
+The next man struck was Major Snowdon Andrews, afterward colonel of
+artillery. While standing near by us a shell burst as it passed him,
+tearing his clothes and wounding him severely. Though drawn to a
+stooping posture, he lived many years. Next I saw a ricocheting shell
+strike Captain Caskie, of Richmond, Virginia, on his seat, which knocked
+him eight or ten feet and his red cap some feet farther. He did not get
+straightened up until he had overtaken his cap on the opposite side of
+some bushes, through which they had both been propelled. Lieutenant
+Graham, of our battery, also received a painful, though not serious,
+wound before the day was over. This proved to be a very dangerous place
+for officers, but not a private soldier was touched.
+
+By frequent firing during the campaign the vent of my gun had been
+burned to several times its proper size, so that at each discharge an
+excess of smoke gushed from it. After the captain's attention was called
+to it, it happened that a tree in front, but somewhat out of line, was
+cut off by a Federal shell just as our gun fired. Supposing the defect
+had caused a wild shot, we were ordered to take the gun to the rear, the
+other gun soon following. We got away at a fortunate time, as the Second
+Brigade of Jackson's division was flanked by the enemy and driven over
+the place a few minutes later. One company in the Twenty-first Virginia
+Regiment lost, in a few minutes, seventeen men killed, besides those
+wounded. The flankers, however, were soon attacked by fresh troops, who
+drove them back and took a large number of prisoners, who walked and
+looked, as they passed, as if they had done their best and had nothing
+of which to be ashamed. By nightfall the whole of Pope's army had been
+driven back, and we held the entire battlefield. This battle was called
+Cedar Run by the Confederates, and Slaughter's Mountain by the Federals.
+
+On the following day we retraced our steps and occupied an excellent
+camping-ground near Gordonsville. Shortly after our arrival, my brother
+David, who had been absent on sick-leave, returned from home, bringing a
+large mess-chest of delicious edibles, which we enjoyed immensely,
+having Willie Preston, from Lexington, who had just joined the College
+company, to dine with us. From a nearby cornfield we managed to supply
+ourselves with roasting ears, and the number a young Confederate could
+consume in a day would have been ample rations for a horse.
+
+While here we had visits from some of our former messmates. One of them,
+Frank Singleton, after being captured at Port Republic had been taken to
+Fort Warren, where were in confinement as prisoners members of the
+Maryland legislature, Generals Pillow and Buckner, and others captured
+at Fort Donelson. Singleton gave glowing accounts of the "to-do" that
+was made over him, he being the only representative from the army of
+Stonewall, whose fame was now filling the world. His presence even
+became known outside of prison-walls, and brought substantial tokens of
+esteem and sympathy.
+
+Gregory, who we supposed had received his death-wound at Winchester in
+May, after escaping into our lines spent a day or two with us. Both,
+however, having gotten discharges, left us--Singleton to go to Kentucky,
+his native State, to raise a company of cavalry under Morgan, and
+Gregory to become captain of ordnance.
+
+An extensive move was evidently now on foot, and about August 17th it
+began, proving to be by far the most eventful of that eventful year. On
+reaching the Rapidan, a few miles distant, we were ordered to leave all
+baggage we could not carry on our backs, and in that August weather we
+chose to make our burdens light. This was the last we saw of our
+baggage, as it was plundered and stolen by camp-followers and shirkers
+who stayed behind.
+
+Having recuperated somewhat during my stay in camp I had set out, with
+the battery, for the march, but a few days of hot sun soon weakened me
+again, so I had to be excused from duty, and remain with the wagons.
+Part of a day with them was sufficient, so I returned to the battery,
+sick or well. Soon after my return, about sundown, Arthur Robinson, of
+Baltimore, whom I had regarded as a sort of dude, brought me a cup of
+delicious tea and several lumps of cut loaf-sugar. Cut loaf-sugar! What
+associations it awakened and how kindly I felt toward the donor ever
+afterward! As I dropped each lump into the tea I could sympathize with
+an old lady in Rockbridge County, who eyed a lump of it lovingly and
+said, "Before the war I used to buy that _by the pound_."
+
+[Illustration: WILLIAM M. WILLSON
+
+(Corporal)]
+
+On the following morning, August 18, Gen. J. E. B. Stuart came dashing
+into our camp bareheaded and, for him, very much excited. He had just
+narrowly escaped capture by a scouting-party of Federal cavalry at a
+house near Verdiersville, where he had passed the night. Leaving his
+hat, he mounted and leaped the fence with his horse. His adjutant,
+however, Major Fitzhugh, in possession of General Lee's instructions to
+General Stuart, was captured, and thus General Pope informed of the plan
+of campaign. Four days later General Stuart, with a large force of
+cavalry, having passed to the rear of the Federal army, captured, at
+Catlett's Station, General Pope's headquarters wagon with his official
+papers and personal effects. As his plan of campaign was to be governed
+by General Lee's movements, these papers were not very reliable guides.
+
+Our stay in this bivouac was only thirty-six hours in duration, but
+another scene witnessed in the afternoon leaves an indelible impression.
+To escape the arduous service to which we had for some time been
+subjected, a few, probably eight or ten men, of Jackson's old division
+had deserted. Of these, three had been caught, one of whom was a member
+of the Stonewall Brigade, and they were sentenced by court-martial to be
+shot. As a warning to others, the whole division was mustered out to
+witness the painfully solemn spectacle. After marching in column
+through intervening woods, with bands playing the dead march, we entered
+an extensive field. Here the three men, blindfolded, were directed to
+kneel in front of their open graves, and a platoon of twelve or fifteen
+men, half of them with their muskets loaded with ball, and half with
+blank cartridges (so that no man would feel that he had fired a fatal
+shot), at the word "Fire!" emptied their guns at close range. Then the
+whole division marched by within a few steps to view their lifeless
+bodies.
+
+Jackson's object now was to cross the Rappahannock, trying first one
+ford and then another. We spent most of the following day galloping to
+and fro, firing and being fired at. At one ford my gun crossed the
+river, but, as no support followed it, although the rest of our battery
+and Brockenbrough's Maryland Battery were close by, we soon recrossed.
+Rain during the afternoon and night made the river past fording,
+catching Early's brigade, which had crossed further up-stream, on the
+enemy's side. He was not pressed, however, and by the next afternoon the
+whole of Jackson's command had crossed the stream by the fords nearer
+its source, at Hinson's mill. Thence we traveled northwest through
+Little Washington, the county-seat of Rappahannock. Then to Flint Hill,
+at the base of the Blue Ridge. Then turned southeast into Fauquier
+County and through Warrenton, the prettiest town I had seen since
+leaving the Valley. We had made an extensive detour, and were no longer
+disturbed by General Pope, who possibly thought Jackson was on his way
+to Ohio or New York, and a week later no doubt regretted that one of
+those distant places had not been his destination.
+
+Before reaching Thoroughfare Gap we had the pleasure of a visit from Mr.
+Robert Bolling, or rather found him waiting on the roadside to see his
+son, of our mess, having driven from his home in the neighborhood. His
+son had been left behind sick, but his messmates did full justice to the
+bountiful supply of refreshments brought in the carriage for him. I
+remember, as we stood regaling ourselves, when some hungry infantryman
+would fall out of ranks, and ask to purchase a "wee bite," how
+delicately we would endeavor to "shoo" him off, without appearing to the
+old gentleman as the natural heirs to what he had brought for his boy.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII
+
+CAPTURE OF RAILROAD TRAINS AT MANASSAS JUNCTION--BATTLE WITH TAYLOR'S
+NEW JERSEY BRIGADE--NIGHT MARCH BY LIGHT OF BURNING CARS
+
+
+Our halts and opportunities for rest had been and continued to be few
+and of short duration, traveling steadily on throughout the twenty-four
+hours. It has been many years since, but how vividly some scenes are
+recalled, others vague and the order of succession forgotten. After
+passing through Thoroughfare Gap we moved on toward Manassas Junction,
+arriving within a mile or two of the place shortly after dawn, when we
+came upon a sleepy Federal cavalryman mounted on a fine young horse.
+Lieutenant Brown took him and his arms in charge and rode the horse for
+a few days, but, learning that he had been taken from a farmer in the
+neighborhood, returned him to his owner. As we approached the Junction
+several cannon-shots warned us that some force of the enemy was there,
+but not General Pope, as we had left him many miles in our rear.
+
+In the regiment of our cavalry, acting as a vanguard, I had but two
+acquaintances--old college-mates--and these were the only two members
+of the command I met. One of them gave me a loaf of baker's bread, the
+other presented me with a handful of cigars, and they both informed us
+that they had made a big capture, which we would soon see. The samples
+they had brought made us the more anxious. Arriving in sight of the
+place, we saw the tracks of both railroads closely covered for half a
+mile with the cars filled with army supplies of every description. The
+artillery that had been firing a short time before opened on us again,
+while we were preparing to help ourselves, but not before one of my
+messmates had secured a cup of molasses. With the help of this, my loaf
+of bread was soon devoured, and with a relish contrasting very favorably
+with my sudden loss of appetite for the beans at Cedar Creek a few
+months before. On this occasion we managed to appease our hunger with
+very little interruption from the flying shells. The firing, however,
+was at long range and soon ceased, and we resumed the march, saddened to
+part with so rich a booty and the opportunity to fill our stomachs and
+empty haversacks.
+
+As we moved quietly along with General Jackson and one or two of his
+staff riding at the front of the battery, there suddenly appeared, about
+a mile ahead of us, a line of bayonets glistening in the sunlight. As we
+halted I heard General Jackson and those about him questioning each
+other and speculating as to what troops they could be, whether friend
+or foe. Their bayonets were evidently too bright for our war-worn
+weapons, and the direction from which they came and, a little later, the
+color of their uniforms being distinguishable, no longer left room for
+doubt. It proved to be a brigade of New Jersey infantry commanded by
+General Taylor, who had just arrived by rail from Alexandria. Rodes's
+division was on our left and not three hundred yards distant. As the
+enemy advanced, Jackson ordered Rodes to halt. The Federal brigade came
+up on our right about one hundred and twenty-five yards from us,
+marching by companies in column.
+
+Jackson ordered us to fire on them with canister, which we did, and very
+rapidly, as they passed. Then, limbering up, we galloped again to their
+flank and repeated the operation; meanwhile, one of our batteries
+immediately in their front firing at them with shells. Jackson, who
+accompanied us, then drew a white handkerchief from his pocket, and,
+waving it up and down, ordered them to surrender, in response to which
+one of them raised his gun and fired deliberately at him. I heard the
+Minie as it whistled by him. After limbering up our guns for the third
+time to keep in close range, I turned to get my blanket, which I had
+left on the ground while engaged, and, as I ran to overtake the guns,
+found myself between Rodes's line, which had now advanced, and the
+Federals, in easy range of each other. I expected, of course, to be
+riddled with bullets, but neither side fired a shot.
+
+The Federals moved on in perfect order, then suddenly broke and came
+back like a flock of sheep; and, most singular of all, Rodes's division
+was ordered back and let them pass, we still firing. All in all, it was
+a fine sample of a sham battle, as I saw none of them killed and heard
+there were very few, and the only shot they fired was the one at General
+Jackson. After crossing a ravine along which ran a creek, they had a
+hill to ascend which kept them still in full view, while we fired at
+them with shells and solid shot as they streamed along the paths.
+Maupin, a member of our detachment, picked up a canteen of whiskey which
+had been thrown aside in their flight. As it was the only liquid to
+which we had access on that hot August day, we each took a turn, and
+soon undertook to criticise our gunner's bad shooting, telling him among
+other things that if he would aim lower he would do more execution.
+
+After the enemy had disappeared from our sight, and the battery had gone
+into park, I borrowed Sergeant Dick Payne's horse to ride to the creek,
+over which the enemy had retreated, for a canteen of water. When within
+a few steps of the branch, I passed two artillerymen from another
+battery on foot, who were on the same errand, but none of us armed. We
+saw a Yankee infantryman a short distance off, hurrying along with gun
+on shoulder. We called to him to surrender, and, as I rode to get his
+gun, another one following came in sight. When I confronted him and
+ordered him to throw down his gun, he promptly obeyed. The gun, a
+brand-new one, was loaded, showing a bright cap under the hammer. The
+man was a German, and tried hard, in broken English, to explain, either
+how he had fallen behind, or to apologize for coming to fight us--I
+could not tell which.
+
+We now had full and undisturbed possession of Manassas Junction and of
+the long trains of captured cars, through the doors and openings of
+which could be seen the United States army supplies of all kinds and of
+the best quality. On a flat car there stood two new pieces of artillery
+made of a bronze-colored metal, and of a different style from any we had
+yet seen. In our last battle, that of Slaughter's Mountain, we had
+noticed, for the first time, a singular noise made by some of the shells
+fired at us, and quite like the shrill note of a tree-frog on a big
+scale. Since then we had sometimes speculated as to what new engine of
+war we had to contend with. Here it was, and known as the three-inch
+rifled gun, a most accurate shooter, and later on much used by both
+Federals and Confederates.
+
+In view of the fact that almost all of the field artillery used by the
+Confederates was manufactured in the North, a supply for both armies
+seemed to have been wisely provided in the number they turned out. Here
+we spent the remainder of the day, but not being allowed to plunder the
+cars did not have the satisfaction of replacing our worn-out garments
+with the new ones in sight. We were very willing to don the blue
+uniforms, but General Jackson thought otherwise. What we got to eat was
+also disappointing, and not of a kind to invigorate, consisting, as it
+did, of hard-tack, pickled oysters, and canned stuff generally.
+
+Darkness had scarcely fallen before we were again on the march, and
+before two miles had been traveled the surrounding country was
+illuminated by the blazing cars and their contents, fired to prevent
+their falling again into the hands of their original owners. The entire
+night was spent marching through woods and fields, but in what direction
+we had no idea. Notwithstanding the strict orders to the contrary, two
+of our boys--Billy Bumpus and John Gibbs--had procured from a car about
+half a bushel of nice white sugar, put it in a sack-bag, and tied it
+securely, they thought, to the axle of a caisson. During the night
+either the bag stretched or the string slipped, letting a corner drag on
+the ground, which soon wore a hole. When daylight broke, the first thing
+that met their eager gaze was an empty bag dangling in the breeze and
+visions of a trail of white sugar mingling with the dust miles behind.
+Many times afterward, in winter quarters or during apple-dumpling
+season, have I heard them lament the loss of that sweetening.
+
+There are various scenes and incidents on the battlefield, in camp, and
+on the march which leave an indelible impression. Of these, among the
+most vivid to me is that of a column of men and horses at dawn of day,
+after having marched throughout the night. The weary animals, with
+heads hanging and gaunt sides, put their feet to the ground as softly as
+if fearing to arouse their drowsy mates or give themselves a jar. A man
+looks some years older than on the preceding day, and his haggard face
+as if it had been unwashed for a week. Not yet accustomed to the light,
+and thinking his countenance unobserved, as in the darkness, he makes no
+effort to assume an expression more cheerful than in keeping with his
+solemn feelings, and, when spoken to, his distressful attempt to smile
+serves only to emphasize the need of "sore labor's bath." Vanity,
+however, seems to prevent each one from seeing in his neighbor's visage
+a photograph of his own. But, with an hour of sunlight and a halt for
+breakfast with a draught of rare coffee, he stands a new creature. On
+the morning after our departure from Manassas Junction, having marched
+all night, we had a good illustration of this.
+
+About seven o'clock we came to a Federal wagon which had upset over a
+bank and was lying, bottom upward, in a ditch below the road. Around it
+were boxes and packages of food, desiccated vegetables red with tomatoes
+and yellow with pumpkin. Here a timely halt was called. Across the
+ditch, near where we went into park, the infantry who had preceded us
+had carried from the overturned wagon a barrel of molasses with the head
+knocked out. Surging around it was a swarm of men with canteens, tin
+cups, and frying-pans--anything that would hold molasses. As each vessel
+was filled by a dip into the barrel it was held aloft, to prevent its
+being knocked from the owner's grasp as he made his way out through the
+struggling mass; and woe be to him that was hatless! as the stream that
+trickled from above, over head and clothes, left him in a sorry plight.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII
+
+CIRCUITOUS NIGHT MARCH--FIRST DAY OF SECOND MANASSAS--ARRIVAL OF
+LONGSTREET'S CORPS
+
+
+Here we halted long enough for a hurried breakfast for men and horses.
+Sleep did not seem to enter into Jackson's calculations, or time was
+regarded as too precious to be allowed for it. We were on the move again
+by noon and approaching the scene of the battle of July, 1861. This was
+on Thursday, August 26, 1862, and a battle was evidently to open at any
+moment. In the absence of Henry, our gunner, who was sick and off duty,
+I was appointed to fill his place. And it was one of the few occasions,
+most probably the only one during the war, that I felt the slightest
+real desire to exclaim, with the Corporal at Waterloo, "Let the battle
+begin!" About two P. M. we went into position, but, before
+firing a shot, suddenly moved off, and, marching almost in a
+semi-circle, came up in the rear of the infantry, who were now hotly
+engaged. This was the beginning of the second battle of Manassas, during
+the first two days of which, and the day preceding, Jackson's command
+was in great suspense, and, with a wide-awake and active foe, would have
+been in great jeopardy. He was entirely in the rear of the Federal
+army, with only his own corps, while Longstreet had not yet passed
+through Thoroughfare Gap, a narrow defile miles away. The rapid and
+steady roll of the musketry, however, indicated that there was no lack
+of confidence on the part of his men, though the line of battle had
+changed front and was now facing in the opposite direction from the one
+held a few hours before. Moving through a body of woods toward the
+firing-line we soon began meeting and passing the stream of wounded men
+making their way to the rear. And here our attention was again called to
+a singular and unaccountable fact, which was noticed and remarked
+repeatedly throughout the war. It was that in one battle the large
+majority of the less serious wounds received were in the same portion of
+the body. In this case, fully three-fourths of the men we met were
+wounded in the left hand; in another battle the same proportion were
+wounded in the right hand; while in another the head was the attractive
+mark for flying bullets, and so on. I venture the assertion that every
+old soldier whose attention is called to it will verify the statement.
+
+The battle was of about two hours in duration, and by sundown the firing
+had entirely ceased, the enemy being driven from the field, leaving
+their dead and wounded. The infantry of the Stonewall Brigade had been
+in the thickest of it all and had suffered severe loss.
+
+Willie Preston, of the College company, less than eighteen years of
+age, a most attractive and promising youth, received a mortal wound. His
+dying messages were committed to Hugh White, the captain of his company,
+who, two days later, was himself instantly killed. On the ground where
+some of the heaviest fighting took place there stood a neat log-house,
+the home of a farmer's family. From it they had, of course, hurriedly
+fled, leaving their cow and a half-grown colt in the yard. Both of these
+were killed. I saw, also on this field, a dead rabbit and a dead
+field-lark--innocent victims of man's brutality!
+
+A quiet night followed, and, except for those of us who were on guard,
+the first unbroken rest we had had for almost a week. Next morning,
+after breakfasting leisurely, we went into position opposite the enemy,
+occupying a long range of hills too distant for serious damage. But,
+after we had shelled each other for half an hour, one of our infantry
+regiments emerged from the woods a short distance to our right and stood
+in line of battle most needlessly exposed. In less than five minutes a
+shell burst among them, killing and wounding eleven men. This over, we
+moved to a haystack nearby, where our horses had more than one
+refreshing feed during lulls in the battle. It seemed, also, an
+attractive place for General Jackson, as he was seldom far from it till
+the close of the battle on the following day.
+
+An hour later, while engaged in another artillery encounter, our
+detachment received a very peremptory and officious order from Major
+Shoemaker, commanding the artillery of the division. My friend and
+former messmate, W. G. Williamson, now a lieutenant of engineers, having
+no duty in that line to perform, had hunted us up, and, with his innate
+gallantry, was serving as a cannoneer at the gun. Offended at
+Shoemaker's insolent and ostentatious manner, we answered him as he
+deserved. Furious at such impudence and insubordination, he was almost
+ready to lop our heads off with his drawn sword, when Williamson
+informed him that he was a commissioned officer and would see him at the
+devil before he would submit to such uncalled-for interference.
+
+"If you are a commissioned officer," Shoemaker replied, "why are you
+here, working at a gun?"
+
+"Because I had not been assigned to other duty," was Williamson's reply,
+"and I chose to come back, for the time being, with my old battery."
+
+"Then I order you under arrest for your disrespect to a superior
+officer!" said Shoemaker.
+
+The case was promptly reported to General Jackson, and Williamson as
+promptly released. The bombastic major had little idea that among the
+men he was so uselessly reprimanding was a son of General Lee, as well
+as Lieutenant Williamson, who was a nephew of Gen. Dick Garnett, who was
+later killed in Pickett's charge at Gettysburg. This episode over, we
+again drove to the haystack.
+
+These repeated advances and attacks made by the enemy's artillery
+plainly showed that they realized that our situation was a hazardous
+one, of which we, too, were fully aware, and unless Longstreet should
+soon show up we felt that the whole of Pope's army would soon be upon
+us. While quietly awaiting developments, we heard the sound of a horse's
+hoofs, and, as a courier galloped up to General Jackson, to announce
+Longstreet's approach, the cloud of red dust raised by his vanguard in
+the direction of Thoroughfare Gap assured us that he would soon be at
+hand. Before he reached the field, however, and while we were enjoying
+the sense of relief at his coming, one of the enemy's batteries had
+quietly and unobserved managed to get into one of the positions occupied
+by our battery during the morning. Their first volley, coming from such
+an unexpected quarter, created a great commotion. Instantly we galloped
+to their front and unlimbered our guns at close range. Other of our
+batteries fired a few shots, but soon ceased, all seeming intent on
+witnessing a duel between the two batteries of four guns each. Their
+position was the more favorable, as their limbers and caissons were
+behind the crest of the hill, while we were on level ground with ours
+fully exposed. Each man worked as if success depended on his individual
+exertions, while Captain Poague and Lieutenant Graham galloped back and
+forth among the guns, urging us to our best efforts. Our antagonists got
+our range at once, and, with their twelve-pound Napoleon guns, poured
+in a raking fire. One shell I noticed particularly as it burst, and
+waited a moment to observe its effects as the fragments tore by. One of
+them struck Captain Poague's horse near the middle of the hip, tearing
+an ugly hole, from which there spurted a stream of blood the size of a
+man's wrist. To dismount before his horse fell required quick work, but
+the captain was equal to the occasion. Another shell robbed Henry
+Boteler of the seat of his trousers, but caused the shedding of no
+blood, and his narrow escape the shedding of no tears, although the loss
+was a serious one. Eugene Alexander, of Moorefield, had his thigh-bone
+broken and was incapacitated for service. Sergeant Henry Payne, a
+splendid man and an accomplished scholar, was struck by a solid shot
+just below the knee and his leg left hanging by shreds of flesh. An hour
+later, when being lifted into an ambulance, I heard him ask if his leg
+could not be saved, but in another hour he was dead.
+
+After an hour of spirited work, our antagonists limbered up and hurried
+off, leaving us victors in the contest. Lieutenant Baxter McCorkle
+galloped over to the place to see what execution we had done, and found
+several dead men, as many or more dead horses, and one of their caissons
+as evidences of good aim; and brought back with him a fine army-pistol
+left in the caisson. When the affair was over, I found myself exhausted
+and faint from over-exertion in the hot sun. Remembering that my
+brother David had brought along a canteen of vinegar, gotten in the big
+capture of stores a few days before, and, thinking a swallow of it would
+revive me, I went to him and asked him to get it for me. Before I was
+done speaking, the world seemed to make a sudden revolution and turn
+black as I collapsed with it. My brother, thinking I was shot, hurried
+for the vinegar, but found the canteen, which hung at the rear of a
+caisson, entirely empty; it, too, having been struck by a piece of
+shell, and even the contents of the little canteen demanded by this
+insatiable plain.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIV
+
+THE SECOND BATTLE OF MANASSAS--INCIDENTS AND SCENES ON THE BATTLEFIELD
+
+
+These encounters were the preludes to the great battle for which both
+sides were preparing, almost two days having already been spent in
+maneuvering and feeling each other's lines. The afternoon, however,
+passed quietly with no further collisions worthy of mention. The
+following day, Saturday, was full of excitement. It was the third and
+last of this protracted battle, and the last for many a brave soldier in
+both armies.
+
+The shifting of troops began early, our battery changing position
+several times during the forenoon. Neither army had buried its dead of
+the first day's battle. We held the ground on which were strewn the
+corpses of both Blue and Gray, in some places lying side by side. The
+hot August sun had parched the grass to a crisp, and it was frequently
+ignited by bursting shells. In this way the clothes of the dead were
+sometimes burned off, and the bodies partially roasted! Such spectacles
+made little or no impression at the time, and we moved to and fro over
+the field, scarcely heeding them.
+
+About two o'clock we were ordered some distance forward, to fire on a
+battery posted on a low ridge near a piece of woods. By skirting along a
+body of woods on our left, and screened by it, we came out in full view
+of this battery and on its right flank. My gun, being in front and the
+first seen by them, attracted their whole fire; but most of their shells
+passed over our heads and burst among the guns in our rear and among the
+trees. None of us was hurt, and in a few minutes all four of our guns
+were unlimbered and opened on them most vigorously. In five or six
+rounds their guns ceased firing and were drawn by hand from the crest of
+the ridge entirely out of view and range.
+
+As we stood by our guns, highly satisfied with our prowess, General
+Jackson came riding up to the first detachment and said, "That was
+handsomely done, very handsomely done," then passed on to the other
+detachments and to each one addressed some complimentary remark. In half
+an hour we were again at our rendezvous, the haystack, and he at his
+headquarters, and all quiet. But this time it was the calm before the
+real storm.
+
+Across the open plains on which we stood, and some three hundred yards
+distant from us, was an extensive body of woods in which Longstreet's
+corps had quietly formed in line of battle. In front of this was open
+ground, sloping gently for one-fourth of a mile, and on its crest the
+enemy's line of battle. To our left another large body of woods extended
+toward our front, and concealed the movements of both armies from view
+in that direction. General Jackson had dismounted from his horse and was
+sitting on the rail-fence, and ours and one or two other batteries were
+in bivouac close by, and all as calm and peaceful as if the armies were
+in their respective winter quarters, when a roar and crash of musketry
+that was almost deafening burst forth in the woods in our immediate
+front, and a shower of Minie-bullets whistled through the air, striking
+here and there about us. Instantly everything was astir, with an
+occasional lamentation or cry of pain from some wounded man. General
+Jackson mounted his horse hurriedly. The fighting soon became general
+throughout the lines, in portions of it terrific. General Pope, after
+two days of preparation, had advanced his lines and made the attack
+instead of receiving it, as our lines were on the eve of advancing.
+
+A projected but uncompleted railroad, with alternating cuts and
+embankments, afforded a splendid line of defense to our infantry on the
+left. The most continued and persistent fighting was where it began, on
+that portion of the line held by Jackson's old division. In the course
+of an hour the attack was repulsed and a counter-charge made, but,
+judging from the number of dead the enemy left on the field, and the
+rapidity of their pursuit, the Confederates met with but little
+resistance thereafter.
+
+An attack had been made on Longstreet's corps at the same time, which
+met with the same ill success, and was followed by a counter-charge. I
+remember our noticing the high range of hills in front of Longstreet,
+completely commanding, as it did, the intervening ground, and some one
+remarking, while the charge was in progress, that it seemed impossible
+to carry it. But the reserves who occupied this high ground made but
+little resistance, and, joining those who had been repulsed, all fled
+hurriedly from the field. As soon as the retreat of the Federal army
+began, active participation in the battle by the artillery ceased. We
+joined in the pursuit, which was brought to a close soon after it began
+by approaching night.
+
+In crossing a field in the pursuit, a short distance from our gun, I
+passed near a young infantryman lying entirely alone, with his
+thigh-bone broken by a Minie-bullet. He was in great distress of mind
+and body, and asked me most pleadingly to render him some assistance. If
+I could do nothing else, he begged that I should find his brother, who
+belonged to Johnston's battery, of Bedford County, Virginia. I told him
+I could not leave my gun, etc., which gave him little comfort; but he
+told me his name, which was Ferguson, and where his home was.
+Fortunately, however, I happened on Johnston's battery soon after, and
+sent his brother to him. I heard nothing further of him until five years
+later--two years after the war--when I was on a visit to some relatives
+in Bedford County. As we started to church in Liberty one Sunday morning
+I recalled the incident and mentioned it to my aunt's family, and was
+informed that Ferguson was still alive, had been very recently married,
+and that I would probably see him that morning at church. And, sure
+enough, I was scarcely seated in church when he came limping in and took
+a seat near me. I recognized him at once, but, fearing he had not
+forgotten what he felt was cruel indifference in his desperate
+situation, did not renew our acquaintance.
+
+[Illustration: W. S. MCCLINTIC]
+
+After parting with him on the battlefield and overtaking my gun, our
+route for a time was through the enemy's dead and wounded of the battle
+which took place two days before, who had been lying between the two
+armies, exposed to the hot sun since that time. While taking a more
+direct route, as the battery was winding around an ascent, my attention
+was called to a Federal soldier of enormous size lying on the ground.
+His head was almost as large as a half-bushel and his face a dark-blue
+color. I supposed, as a matter of course, that he was dead, and
+considered him a curiosity even as a dead man. But, while standing near
+him, wondering at the size of the monster, he began to move, and turned
+as if about to rise to his feet. Thinking he might succeed, I hurried on
+and joined my gun.
+
+Here we had a good opportunity of observing the marked and striking
+difference between the Federals and Confederates who remained unburied
+for twenty-four hours or more after being killed. While the Confederates
+underwent no perceptible change in color or otherwise, the Federals, on
+the contrary, became much swollen and discolored. This was, of course,
+attributable to the difference in their food and drink. And while some
+Confederates, no doubt for want of sufficient food, fell by the wayside
+on the march, the great majority of them, owing to their simple fare,
+could endure, and unquestionably did endure, more hardship than the
+Federals who were overfed and accustomed to regular and full rations.
+
+Our following in the pursuit was a mere form, as the enemy had been
+driven by our infantry from all of their formidable positions, and
+night, as usual in such cases, had put a stop to further pursuit. As we
+countermarched, to find a suitable camping-ground, great care had to be
+taken in the darkness to avoid driving over the enemy's wounded who lay
+along the course of our route. I remember one of them especially, in a
+narrow place, was very grateful to me for standing near him and
+cautioning the drivers as they passed by.
+
+On the next day, Sunday, August 31, after three days of occupation such
+as I have described, we were not averse to a Sabbath-day's rest, which
+also gave us the opportunity of reviewing at leisure the events and
+results of our experience, and going over other portions of the
+battlefield. Looking to the right front, spread out in full view, was
+the sloping ground over which Longstreet had fought and driven his
+antagonists. The extensive area presented the appearance of an immense
+flower-garden, the prevailing blue thickly dotted with red, the color
+of the Federal Zouave uniform. In front of the railroad-cut, and not
+more than fifty yards from it, where Jackson's old division had been
+attacked, at least three-fourths of the men who made the charge had been
+killed, and lay in line as they had fallen. I looked over and examined
+the ground carefully, and was confident that I could have walked a
+quarter of a mile in almost a straight line on their dead bodies without
+putting a foot on the ground. By such evidences as this, our minds had
+been entirely disabused of the idea that "the Northerners would not
+fight."
+
+It was near this scene of carnage that I also saw two hundred or more
+citizens whose credulity under General Pope's assurance had brought them
+from Washington and other cities to see "Jackson bagged," and enjoy a
+gala day. They were now under guard, as prisoners, and responded
+promptly to the authority of those who marched them by at a lively pace.
+This sample of gentlemen of leisure gave an idea of the material the
+North had in reserve, to be utilized, if need be, in future.
+
+During the three days--28th, 29th and 30th--the official reports give
+the Federal losses as 30,000, the Confederates as 8,000. On each of
+these days our town of Lexington had lost one of her most promising
+young men--Henry R. Payne, of our battery; Hugh White, captain of the
+College company, and Willie Preston, a private in the same company, a
+noble young fellow who had had the fortitude and moral courage, at the
+request of President Junkin, to pull down the palmetto flag hoisted by
+the students over Washington College. We remained about Manassas only
+long enough for the dead to be buried.
+
+The suffering of the wounded for want of attention, bad enough at best,
+in this case must have been extraordinary. The aggregate of wounded of
+the two armies, Confederate and Federal, exceeded 15,000 in number. The
+surrounding country had been devastated by war until it was practically
+a desert. The railroad bridges and tracks, extending from the Rapidan in
+Orange County to Fairfax, a distance of fifty miles, had been destroyed,
+so that it would require several weeks before the Confederates could
+reach the hospitals in Richmond and Charlottesville, and then in
+box-cars, over rough, improvised roads. Those of the Federal army were
+cut off in like manner from their hospitals in the North. In addition to
+all this, the surgeons and ambulances and their corps continued with
+their respective commands, to meet emergencies of like nature, to be
+repeated before the September moon had begun to wane.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XV
+
+BATTLE OF CHANTILLY--LEESBURG--CROSSING THE POTOMAC
+
+
+After such prolonged marching and such a victory as the second Manassas
+we hoped for a rest so well earned; at any rate, we imagined that there
+was no enemy near inclined to give battle; but on Monday, September 1,
+we were again on the march, which continued far into the night, it being
+near daylight when we went into park. The latter part of the way I rode
+on a caisson, seated by a companion, and so entirely overcome with sleep
+as to be unable to keep my eyes open five seconds at a time, nodding
+from side to side over the wheels. My companion would rouse me and tell
+me of my danger, but shame, danger, and all were of no avail till,
+waking for the fortieth time, I found my hat was gone. I jumped down,
+went back a short distance, and found my old drab fur, of Lexington
+make, flat in the road, having been trampled over by several teams and
+gunwheels.
+
+After a halt of a few hours we were again on the move, and soon found
+ourselves in Fairfax County. About noon we passed by "Chantilly," the
+home of my messmate, Wash. Stuart, whom we had left desperately wounded
+at Winchester. The place, a beautiful country residence, was deserted
+now. Stuart, though, was somewhere in the neighborhood, a paroled
+prisoner, and on his return to us the following winter told us of the
+efforts he had made to find us near "The Plains" with a feast of wines,
+etc., for our refreshment. Two or three miles from Chantilly short and
+frequent halts and cautious advances warned us that there were breakers
+ahead. Then the pop, pop, pop! of a skirmish-line along the edge of a
+wood in our front brought back again those nervous pulsations in the
+region of the stomach which no amount of philosophy or will-power seemed
+able to repress.
+
+The battery kept straight on in the road and through the woods, the
+enemy's skirmishers having fallen back to our right. We halted where the
+road began to descend, waiting until a place suitable for action could
+be found. Up to this time there was only infantry skirmishing, not a
+cannon having been fired on either side, when, as we stood quietly by
+our guns, a Federal shell burst in our midst with a tremendous crash.
+None of us heard the report of the gun that sent it, or knew from what
+direction it came, but the accuracy with which we had been located in
+the dense forest was not comforting.
+
+Soon after this, our attention was attracted by the approach, along the
+road in our front, of ten or twelve horsemen, riding leisurely toward
+us, one of whom bore a banner of unusually large size. As they passed,
+the most conspicuous figure in the party was a Federal officer in new
+uniform, and several other prisoners, escorted by a guard of our
+cavalry. The banner was the flag of New York State, with the field of
+white satin emblazoned with the coat-of-arms of the Empire State, and
+all elaborately decorated with flowing cords and tassels.
+
+After remaining here for an hour, and our officers finding no open
+ground for battle, and no enemy in sight except some videttes who
+saluted us with an occasional Minie-ball, we countermarched one-half
+mile in a drenching rain and went into park. Meanwhile, a brisk musketry
+fire had extended along the infantry lines, and soon after halting one
+of our battery horses fell dead, struck by one of their stray bullets.
+It was during this contest, in the pouring rain, that General Jackson,
+on receiving a message from a brigadier that his ammunition was wet, and
+he feared he could not hold on, replied, "Tell him to hold his ground.
+If his guns will not go off, neither will the enemy's."
+
+Before the firing ceased, which continued through the twilight,
+Major-General Kearny, mistaking a line of Confederates for his own men,
+rode almost into their midst before discovering his error. He wheeled
+his horse, and, as he dashed off, leaning forward on the horse's neck,
+received a bullet in his back and fell dead upon the field. Next day
+his body was returned to his friends under flag of truce.
+
+From Chantilly, or Ox Hill, as this battle was called by Confederates
+and Federals, respectively, we reached Leesburg, the county-seat, by a
+march of thirty miles due north into Loudoun County, and a mile or two
+east of this attractive town went into bivouac about sunset in a
+beautiful grassy meadow which afforded what seemed to us a downy couch,
+and to the horses luxuriant pasturage, recalling former and better days.
+Next morning, while lying sound asleep wrapped in my blanket, I became
+painfully conscious of a crushing weight on my foot. Opening my eyes,
+there stood a horse almost over me, quietly cropping the grass, with one
+forefoot planted on one of mine. Having no weapon at hand, I motioned
+and yelled at him most lustily. Being the last foot put down, it was the
+last taken up, and, turning completely around, he twisted the blanket
+around the calks of his shoe, stripped it entirely off of me, and
+dragged it some yards away. There being no stones nor other missiles
+available, I could only indulge in a storm of impotent rage, but,
+notwithstanding the trampling I had undergone, was able "to keep up with
+the procession."
+
+The morning was a beautiful one, the sun having just risen in a clear
+sky above the mists overhanging and marking the course of the Potomac a
+mile to the east, and lighting up the peaks of the Blue Ridge to the
+west. The country and scenery were not unlike, and equal to the
+prettiest parts of the Valley. Circling and hovering overhead, calling
+and answering one another in their peculiarly plaintive notes, as if
+disturbed by our presence, were the gray plover, a bird I had never
+before seen. All in all, the environment was strikingly peaceful and
+beautiful, and suggestive of the wish that the Federals, whom we had
+literally whipped out of their boots and several other articles of
+attire, and who had now returned to their own country, would remain
+there, and allow us the same privilege.
+
+But General Lee took a different view of it, and felt that the desired
+object would be more effectually accomplished by transferring the war
+into their own territory. So before noon we were again "trekking," and
+that, too, straight for the Potomac. Orders had again been issued
+forbidding the cannoneers riding on the caissons and limbers; but, in
+crossing the Potomac that day, as the horses were in better shape and
+the ford smooth, Captain Poague gave us permission to mount and ride
+over dry-shod. For which breach of discipline he was put under arrest
+and for several days rode--solemn and downcast--in rear of the battery,
+with the firm resolve, no doubt, that it was the last act of charity of
+which he would be guilty during the war. Lieutenant Graham was in
+command.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVI
+
+MARYLAND--MY DAY IN FREDERICK CITY
+
+
+We were now in Maryland, September 5, 1862. From accounts generally, and
+more particularly from the opinions expressed by the Maryland members of
+our battery, we were in eager anticipation of seeing the whole
+population rise to receive us with open arms, and our depleted ranks
+swelled by the younger men, impatient for the opportunity to help to
+achieve Southern independence. The prospect of what was in store for us
+when we reached Baltimore, as pictured by our boys from that city,
+filled our minds with such eager yearnings that our impatience to rush
+in could scarcely be restrained. On the evening of our arrival within
+the borders of the State, with several companions, I took supper at the
+house of a Southern sympathizer, who said much to encourage our faith.
+
+In a day or two we were approaching Frederick City. Strict orders had
+been issued against foraging or leaving the ranks, but Steve Dandridge
+and I determined to take the bit in our teeth and endeavor to do the
+town for one day at all hazards. Knowing the officers and provost-guards
+would be on the alert and hard to evade after the town was reached, we
+concluded, in order to be safe from their observation, to accomplish
+that part of our plan beforehand. A field of corn half a mile from the
+city afforded us good cover till well out of sight. Then, by "taking
+judicious advantage of the shrubbery," we made our way into a quiet part
+of the city, and, after scaling a few picket fences, came out into a
+cross-street remote from the line of march. Steve was the fortunate
+possessor of a few dollars in greenbacks, my holdings being of a like
+sum in Confederate scrip.
+
+As previously mentioned, our extra baggage--and extra meant all save
+that worn on our backs--had been left weeks before near the banks of the
+Rapidan, so that our apparel was now in sad plight. Dandridge had lost
+his little cadet-cap while on a night march, and supplied its place from
+the head of a dead Federal at Manassas, his hair still protruding
+freely, and burnt as "brown as a pretzel bun." The style of my hat was
+on the other extreme. It had been made to order by a substantial hatter
+in Lexington, enlisted, and served through the war on one head after
+another. It was a tall, drab-colored fur of conical shape, with several
+rows of holes punched around the crown for ventilation. I still wore the
+lead-colored knit jacket given me by "Buck" Ranson during the Banks
+campaign. This garment was adorned with a blue stripe near the edges,
+buttoned close at the throat, and came down well over the hips, fitting
+after the manner of a shirt. My trousers, issued by the Confederate
+Quartermaster Department, were fashioned in North Carolina, of a
+reddish-brown or brick-dust color, part wool and part cotton, elaborate
+in dimensions about the hips and seat, but tapering and small at the
+feet, in imitation, as to shape and color, of those worn by Billy
+Wilson's Zouaves at first Manassas. This is an accurate description of
+our apparel. Among our fellow-soldiers it attracted no especial
+attention, as there were many others equally as striking. Very
+naturally, we were at first eyed with suspicion by the people we met,
+and when we inquired for a place to get refreshments were directed "down
+yonder"; in fact anywhere else than where we were.
+
+We soon found a nice little family grocery-store; that is, one kept by a
+family, including among others two very comely young women. Here we
+found O'Rourke, an Irishman of our company, who had a talent for nosing
+out good things--both solids and liquids. We were served with a good
+repast of native wine, bread, butter, etc.; and, in case we should not
+have leisure for milder beverages, had a canteen filled with whiskey.
+
+While enjoying our agreeable cheer, a man about thirty years of age came
+in, he said, to make our acquaintance. He was quite a sharp-looking
+fellow, with small, keen black eyes, a "glib" tongue, and told us that
+he was an out-and-out rebel, proud to meet us and ready to oblige. Steve
+forthwith proposed, as evidence of his good-will, an exchange of
+headgear. He dilated eloquently on the historic value of his own cap,
+and, while it did not entirely suit him, exposed as he was to the
+weather, it would be becoming to a city gentleman, besides reviving the
+most pleasant associations as a souvenir; and, moreover, the hat the
+stranger wore was most suitable for a soldier and would do good service
+to the cause. At length the exchange was made and, Steve having donned
+the nice black hat, we took our leave. We had scarcely walked a square
+when our attention was attracted by the sound of rapid footsteps
+approaching from the rear, and, turning, we saw our new and interesting
+acquaintance coming at a run. As he passed us, with a high bound he
+seized the hat from Dandridge's head, threw the cap on the pavement, and
+disappeared like a flash around the corner.
+
+While seated in a confectionery, enjoying a watermelon we had purchased
+at a nearby fruitstand, a gentleman came in and insisted on presenting
+us with a bottle of blackberry brandy, which he recommended as an
+excellent tonic. We declined his offer, a little suspicious as to the
+nature of the liquor, but, as he accepted our invitation to partake of
+our melon, we compromised by joining him in a drink of the brandy, and
+found it so palatable we regretted not having accepted his proposed
+present of the whole bottle. Here, with boyish delight, we laid in a
+supply of confectionery.
+
+Passing along the street soon after this, we were accosted by a
+venerable-looking gentleman, who stopped us and inquired, very
+modestly, if there was any way in which he could be of service to us. We
+could suggest none. He then intimated that we might be a little short of
+current funds. We could not deny that our funds were somewhat short and
+not very current. He offered us some greenbacks, of which we accepted a
+dollar, asking him to try one of our Confederate dollars instead, which
+he declined to do, but expressed the hope, in a very delicate way, that
+all of the Confederate soldiers would so conduct themselves as to show
+the Marylanders of Union proclivities what gentlemen they really were.
+
+Our next experience was rather trying, for me at least, as events will
+show. Dandridge remembered that he had a lady friend in the city, and
+proposed that we hunt her up and pay a call. We discussed the subject, I
+thinking such assurance out of the question; but he said he knew her
+"like a book," that she had visited at "The Bower," his family home;
+would excuse our appearance, and be charmed to see us. He knew that,
+when in Frederick City, she visited at a Mr. Webster's, whose handsome
+residence we succeeded in locating, and were soon at the door. The bell
+was answered by a tall, dignified-looking gentleman of about forty-five
+years, with a full brown beard, who, standing in the half-open door,
+looked inquiringly as to the object of our visit. Dandridge asked if
+Miss---- was in. He replied she was, and waited as if inclined to ask,
+"What business is that of yours?" Dandridge cut the interview short by
+saying, "My name is Dandridge, and I wish to see her. Come in, Ned." We
+walked in, and were asked to be seated in the hall. Presently
+Miss---- appeared. She seemed at first, and doubtless was, somewhat
+surprised. Dandridge, though, was perfectly natural and at ease,
+introduced me as if I were a general, and rattled away in his usual
+style. She informed him that another of his lady friends was in the
+house, and left us to bring her in. To me the situation was not of the
+kind I had been seeking and, rising, I said, "Steven, if you have time
+before the ladies return to manufacture a satisfactory explanation of my
+absence, do so; otherwise, treat the matter as if you had come alone,"
+and I vanished. Dandridge was invited to remain to dinner, was
+sumptuously feasted and entertained by the host, and to my astonishment
+brought me a special invitation to return with him the following day and
+dine with the household. Other engagements, however, prevented my going.
+
+About four P. M. I met Joe Shaner, of Lexington, and of our battery, on
+the street. His gun having met with some mishap the day previous, had
+fallen behind, and had now just come up and passed through the town. Joe
+was wofully dejected, and deplored missing, as one would have imagined,
+the opportunity of his life--a day in such a city, teeming with all that
+was good. But little time now remained before evening roll-call, when
+each must give an account of himself. He was hungry, tired, and warm,
+and I felt it my duty to comfort him as far as possible. I asked him how
+he would like a taste of whiskey. "It's just what I need," was his quiet
+reply, and before I had time to get the strap off of my shoulder he
+dropped on one knee on the curb-stone and had my canteen upside down to
+his mouth, oblivious of those passing by. He had no money, but, being a
+messmate, I invested the remnant of my change for his benefit, but found
+it necessary to include a weighty watermelon, to make out his load to
+camp.
+
+The next acquaintance I met was George Bedinger, whom I found, clad _à
+la mode_, standing in a hotel-door with an expression of calm
+satisfaction on his face. As I came up to him, carrying my recent
+purchases tied in a bandana handkerchief, and stood before him, he
+scanned me from head to foot, said not a word, but fell back with a roar
+of laughter. Gay, brilliant Bedinger, whose presence imparted an
+electric touch to those around him; I shall ne'er see his like again!
+
+The sun was now setting; camp was two miles away. Thither I set out,
+cheered by the assurance that, whatever punishment befell, I had had a
+day. Arriving there, my apprehensions were relieved, possibly because
+offenses of the kind were too numerous to be handled conveniently. About
+dusk that evening a free fight between the members of our company and
+those of Raines's battery, of Lynchburg, was with difficulty prevented
+by the officers of the companies, who rushed in with their sabers. The
+Alleghany Roughs, hearing the commotion, one of their men cried out,
+"Old Rockbridge may need us! Come on, boys, let's see them through!" And
+on they came.
+
+We spent two or three days in a clean, fresh camp in this fertile
+country, supplied with an abundance of what it afforded. At noon each
+day apple-dumplings could be seen dancing in the boiling camp-kettles,
+with some to spare for a visitor, provided he could furnish his own
+plate.
+
+On the tenth came orders "to hitch up," but to our surprise and
+disappointment we turned back in the direction from which we had come,
+instead of proceeding toward Baltimore and Washington, and the
+realization of our bright hopes. We crossed the Potomac at Williamsport,
+thirty miles northwest, but not dry-shod. Thence southwest into
+Jefferson County, West Virginia.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVII
+
+RETURN TO VIRGINIA--INVESTMENT AND CAPTURE OF HARPER'S FERRY
+
+
+At Harper's Ferry there was a considerable force of the enemy, which
+place was now evidently the object of the expedition, and which we
+approached soon after noon on the thirteenth. After the usual delays
+required in getting troops deployed, our battery was posted on an
+elevated ridge northwest of Bolivar Heights, the stronghold of the
+Federals, and confronting their bold array of guns directed toward us.
+
+We opened fire and were answered, but without apparent effect on either
+side. This was late in the afternoon, and night came on before anything
+was accomplished. The situation of Harper's Ferry is too well known to
+require description. Only by a view of its surroundings from some
+adjacent eminence can one form an idea of its beauty. As we stood by our
+guns on the morning of the fifteenth we were aware of what had been in
+progress for the investment of the place, and now, that having been
+accomplished, we awaited with interest the general assault that was soon
+to follow.
+
+Directly on the opposite side of Bolivar Heights from where we stood
+was Loudoun, or Virginia Heights, the extreme north end of the Blue
+Ridge in Virginia, at the base of which flowed the Shenandoah River, and
+now held by our artillery, as were also Maryland Heights, across the
+Potomac, while various lines of infantry lay concealed along the banks
+of both rivers and intervening valleys, completely enveloping the
+Federal position.
+
+The morning was still and clear, giving us a full view of the lines of
+the lofty mountains. Simultaneously the great circle of artillery
+opened, all firing to a common center, while the clouds of smoke,
+rolling up from the tops of the various mountains, and the thunder of
+the guns reverberating among them, gave the idea of so many volcanoes.
+
+The fire of the Federals in the unequal contest made no perceptible
+impression, not even on the lines of infantry which had begun closing in
+from all sides for the final charge. Before they (the infantry) were
+within musket range, a horseman bearing a large piece of tent-cloth
+swept along the crest of Bolivar Heights. The doubtful color of the flag
+displayed prevented an immediate cessation of the Confederate fire. It
+proved to be in token of surrender, but after its appearance I saw a
+shot from our second piece strike so near a horseman riding at speed
+along the heights as to envelop horse and rider in its smoke and dust.
+
+The whole affair, devoid, as it was, of ordinary danger, was one of
+thrilling interest. Our commanding position gave us a full view of the
+extensive and varied terrain, a thing of rare occurrence to other than
+general officers. In addition to this, the fact that we had defeated our
+antagonists, usually in superior numbers, in battle after battle
+throughout a long campaign, tended to confirm us in the opinion that we
+could down them every time, and that the contest must, at no distant
+day, end in our favor. The number of troops surrendered was 11,500, with
+seventy-three pieces of artillery, sufficient to supply our batteries
+for some time. It was comparatively a bloodless victory, though the
+commanding officer, Colonel Miles, was killed at the last moment, and
+the terms of surrender arranged by General White, who had fallen back to
+this place from Martinsburg. I saw their artillery as it was driven out
+and turned over to us, supplied with most excellent equipments, and
+horses sleek and fat.
+
+As some time would be consumed in handling the prisoners and the
+transfer of arms and stores, I set out in the afternoon for Charlestown,
+and, as usual, went to my friends--the Ransons. After a refreshing bath
+I donned a clean white shirt and a pair of light-checked trousers, and
+was ready to discuss the events of the campaign with General Lindsay
+Walker, who was also a guest of the house. About nine o'clock at night I
+was joined by Dandridge, who had been met in the town by his mother and
+sisters from "The Bower," and, with light hearts and full haversacks,
+we set out for camp seven miles distant.
+
+[Illustration: D. GARDINER TYLER]
+
+The Ranson family has several times been mentioned in these pages, as
+their home was a place where, when hungry, I was fed and, when naked,
+clothed. The oldest son, Tom, now a lawyer in Staunton, Virginia, was my
+schoolfellow and classmate at college when a boy in Lexington. After
+receiving a wound at Cross Keys in June, 1862, when a lieutenant in the
+Fifty-second Virginia Regiment, which incapacitated him for further
+service in the infantry, he enlisted in the cavalry. By reason of his
+familiarity with the topography of the country about Harper's Ferry and
+the lower portion of the Valley, together with his indomitable pluck and
+steady nerve, he was often employed as a scout, and in this capacity
+frequently visited his home near Charlestown. The residence, situated,
+as it was, a quarter of a mile from and overlooking the town, was
+approached by a wide avenue leading by a gentle ascent to the front
+gate, which stood about seventy-five yards from the house. Owing to the
+commanding view thus afforded, it was a favorite place for a Federal
+picket-post, so that, while a dangerous place for a rebel soldier to
+venture, it offered many facilities for obtaining valuable information.
+On one occasion young Ranson spent three days in this home while the
+Federal pickets were on constant watch day and night at the front gate
+opening into the lawn, and went in and out of the house at their
+convenience. Moreover, the negro servants of the family knew of "Marse
+Tom's" presence, but looked and acted negro ignorance to perfection when
+catechised.
+
+When standing at a front window one afternoon Tom saw a lady friend of
+the family approaching the house from the town. On reaching the front
+gate she, of course, was stopped by the sentinel and, after a parley,
+refused admittance and required to retrace her steps. Two hours later,
+much to their surprise, she appeared in the family-room and sank down
+completely exhausted, having entered the house by a rear door, which she
+had reached after making a detour of a mile or more to escape the
+vigilance of the videttes in front. After recovering breath she
+unburdened herself of her load, which consisted, in part, of a pair of
+long-legged cavalry boots, late issues of Northern newspapers, etc. This
+load she had carried suspended from her waist and concealed under the
+large hoop-skirt then worn by ladies. The newspapers and information of
+large bodies of Federal troops being hurried by rail past Harper's Ferry
+were delivered by young Ranson to General Lee on the following day.
+
+Throughout the preceding day, while occupied about Harper's Ferry, we
+heard heavy cannonading across the Maryland border, apparently eight or
+ten miles from us. This had increased in volume, and by sunset had
+evidently advanced toward us, as the sound of musketry was distinctly
+heard. It proved to be an attack on Gen. D. H. Hill's division and other
+commands occupying the South Mountain passes. After stubborn resistance
+the Confederates had been forced to yield. So on reaching camp toward
+midnight, after our visit to Charlestown, we were not surprised to find
+the battery preparing to move. With scarcely an hour's delay we were
+again on the march, heading for Maryland. We arrived at Shepherdstown
+before dawn, and while halting in the road for half an hour Henry Lewis,
+driver at my gun, overcome with sleep, fell sprawling from his horse,
+rousing those about him from a similar condition.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVIII
+
+INTO MARYLAND AGAIN--BATTLE OF SHARPSBURG--WOUNDED--RETURN TO
+WINCHESTER--HOME
+
+
+Half a mile below the town we forded the Potomac for the third time, and
+by the middle of the afternoon were on the outskirts of Sharpsburg, four
+miles from the river. On the opposite, or east, side of this village are
+Antietam creek and valley; a mile from the creek and parallel to it was
+a heavily wooded mountain. It is not my design to attempt a description
+of the battle which was fought on this ground on the following day,
+generally conceded to have been the fiercest of the war, but only to
+mention what came under my observation or was especially associated
+therewith.
+
+The unusual activity and aggressiveness on the part of General
+McClellan, as evidenced by the fierce attacks made on our forces in the
+South Mountain passes for the two preceding days, were explained by his
+being in possession of General Lee's order to his subordinates. This
+order, or a copy of it, which contained directions for the movements of
+the various portions of the Confederate army, including the investment
+of Harper's Ferry, had been lost or disposed of by some one in
+Frederick City, and when this place was occupied, on September 13, by
+the Federals, was delivered to General McClellan. Thus acquainted with
+the location and movements of each division of the Confederate army,
+which was scattered over a wide territory and separated by a river and
+rugged mountains, it seems surprising that with his army of 90,000 men
+he should not have practically destroyed General Lee's army of 40,000.
+General Lee, however, was informed early on the morning of the
+fourteenth that a copy of his order had fallen into the hands of General
+McClellan.
+
+This was done by a citizen of Frederick City who happened to be present
+when General McClellan received it and heard him express satisfaction
+over such a stroke of luck. This citizen at once went to work to inform
+General Lee, which task he accomplished by passing through the Federal
+lines during the night and informing General Stuart, who forthwith
+communicated it to General Lee, who lost no time in moving heaven and
+earth--the former by prayer, we assume; the latter by his authority over
+men--to meet the emergency. Results proved how wonderfully he succeeded.
+
+As we moved past the town we saw neither any of our troops nor those of
+the enemy, and heard no firing. Although there was complete absence of
+the usual prelude to battle, still the apprehension came over us that
+something serious in that line was not very remote, either in time or
+place. The commanders of both armies were conscious of the importance
+of the impending contest, which perhaps explains the extreme caution
+they exercised.
+
+After passing through a piece of woodland, we entered a small field and
+came in distinct view of two blue lines of battle, drawn up one in rear
+of the other. On these we at once opened fire, and were answered very
+promptly by a Federal battery in the same quarter. While thus engaged we
+had a visitor in the person of a young fellow who had just been
+commissioned a lieutenant, having previously been an orderly at brigade
+headquarters. Feeling his newly acquired importance, he spurred his
+horse around among the guns, calling out, "Let 'em have it!" and the
+like, until, seeing our disgust at his impertinent encouragement, and
+that we preferred a chance to let him have it, he departed. Our next
+visitor came in a different guise, and by a hint of another kind was
+quickly disposed of. He, a man of unusually large size, with sword
+dangling at his side, came bounding from our right at a full run. A
+large log a few steps in our rear was his goal as a place of safety, and
+over it he leaped and was instantly concealed behind it. He had scant
+time to adjust himself before the log was struck a crashing blow by a
+solid shot. He reappeared as part of the upheaval; but, regaining his
+feet, broke for the woods with the speed of a quarterhorse, and a
+greater confidence in distance than in logs.
+
+It was now dark, and our range had been accurately gotten. After each
+discharge of our opponent's guns, what appeared to be a harmless spark
+of fire, immovable as a star, repeatedly deceived us. It was the burning
+fuse in the head of the shell which, coming straight toward us, seemed
+stationary until the shell shot by or burst. Four young mules drawing
+our battery-forge were stampeded by these shells and ran off through the
+woods, thus affording Pleasants, our blacksmith, entertainment for the
+rest of the night.
+
+Firing ceased on both sides at about eight o'clock, and we passed
+through the woods to our left and went into park on the opposite side.
+Still feeling the comfort of my clean clothes, I enjoyed a quiet night's
+rest on the top of a caisson, little heeding the gentle rain which fell
+on my face. Our bivouac was immediately by the "Straw-stacks," which
+have been so generally referred to as landmarks in this battle, and
+which were located in the open ground near the forest which extended to
+the Dunkard church. About seven o'clock next morning, while standing
+with horses hitched and awaiting orders, no engagement so far having
+taken place near us, a shell of great size burst with a terrific report.
+One fragment of it mortally wounded Sam Moore, a driver of my gun, while
+another piece cut off the forefoot of one of the horses in the team. We
+soon transferred his harness to another horse which we hitched in his
+stead and, as we went off at a trot, the crippled horse took his place
+close by where he was accustomed to work, and kept alongside on three
+legs until his suffering was relieved by a bullet in the brain.
+
+We had moved, to get out of range of missiles, but the place to which we
+had just come was not an improvement. While standing with the gun in
+front turned in file at right angles to those following, a twenty-pound
+shell swept by the six drivers and their teams in the rear, just grazing
+them, then striking the ground, ricocheted almost between the forward
+driver and his saddle as he threw himself forward on the horse's neck. I
+mention this in contrast with an occurrence later in the day, when one
+shell killed or wounded all of the six horses in a team, together with
+their three drivers.
+
+Fighting along the line of four miles had become general--done on our
+side chiefly by infantry. Jackson's corps occupied the left with a thin
+line of men, and from it there was already a stream of stragglers.
+Jackson, while sitting nearby on his horse, watching the battle, was
+approached by a lad of about thirteen years, who for some time had been
+one of his orderlies. He began talking in a very animated manner,
+pointing the while to different parts of the field. Jackson kept his
+eyes on the ground, but gave close attention to what was said. The boy
+was Charles Randolph, and soon after this became a cadet at the Virginia
+Military Institute, and at the battle of New Market was left on the
+field for dead. Fourteen years after the war, while visiting in a
+neighboring county, I was introduced to a Reverend Mr. Randolph, and,
+seeing the resemblance to the soldier-boy, I asked him about Sharpsburg,
+recalling the incident, and found he was the lad.
+
+The straggling already mentioned continually increased, and seemed to
+give General Jackson great concern. He endeavored, with the aid of his
+staff officers who were present and the members of our company, to stop
+the men and turn them back, but without the least effect; claiming, as
+they did, the want of ammunition and the usual excuses. The marvel was,
+how those remaining in line could have withstood the tremendous odds
+against them; but, from accounts, the enemy suffered the same
+experience, and in a greater degree. Up to this time, with the exception
+of a return of our battery to the Dunkard church, where we had fought
+the evening before, we had done nothing. At about ten o'clock the
+indications were that if reinforcements could not be promptly had
+serious consequences would follow. But just after our return from the
+church to General Jackson's place of observation we saw a long column of
+troops approaching from the left. This was McLaw's division of
+Longstreet's corps, which had just reached the field. Their coming was
+most opportune, and but a short time elapsed before the comparative
+quiet was interrupted--first by volleys, followed by a continuous roar
+of battle.
+
+Our battery was now ordered to the left of our line, and on the way
+thither joined Raines's battery, of Lynchburg, and a battery of
+Louisianians--eleven guns in all. Besides the ordinary number of guns
+accompanying infantry, we had to contend with about thirty 32-pounders
+on the high ground in the rear and entirely commanding that part of the
+field. In view of the superior odds against us, our orders were to hold
+our positions as long as possible, then to move to our left and occupy
+new ones. Why such instructions were given was soon explained, as the
+ground over which we passed, and where we stopped to fire, was strewn
+with the dead horses and the wrecks of guns and caissons of the
+batteries which had preceded us. By the practice thus afforded, the
+Federal batteries had gotten a perfect range, and by the time our guns
+were unlimbered we were enveloped in the smoke and dust of bursting
+shells, and the air was alive with flying iron. At most of the positions
+we occupied on this move it was the exception when splinters and pieces
+of broken rails were not flying from the fences which stood in our
+front, hurled by shot and shell.
+
+Working in the lead of one of the Louisiana battery teams was a horse
+that frequently attracted my admiration. A rich blood-bay in color, with
+flowing black mane and tail, as he swept around in the various changes
+with wide, glowing nostrils and flecked with foam, in my eyes he came
+well up to the description of the warhorse whose "neck was clothed with
+thunder."
+
+Moving as we had been doing, toward the left of our line, we passed
+beyond that portion held by regular infantry commands into what was
+defended by a mere show of force when scarcely any existed. In charge of
+it was Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, who demonstrated on this occasion his
+ability to accomplish what it would seem impossible for one man to do.
+With a few skeleton regiments supplied with numerous flags which he
+posted to show over the crests of the ridges in our rear, as if there
+were men in proportion, he himself took command of a line of
+sharpshooters in our front. This skirmish-line was composed of
+stragglers he had gathered up, and whom he had transformed from a lot of
+shirkers into a band of heroes. With black plume floating, cheering and
+singing, back and forth along the line he swept.
+
+The Federals confronting us in the three blue lines could not have been
+less than 8,000 men, who, with their powerful artillery, should have
+utterly overwhelmed the scant numbers handled by Stuart. As the blue
+lines would start forward, calling to our artillery to pour in the
+shells again, he would urge on his sharpshooters to meet them half-way.
+The failure of a strong force of Federals to advance farther is
+explained, no doubt, by the fact that two of their army corps and one
+division had suffered terribly a short time before near the same ground.
+
+Colonel Allan states, in his "Army of Northern Virginia, 1862," page
+409, "Of Hooker's and Mansfield's corps, and of Sedgwick's division, was
+nothing left available for further operations"; and General Palfrey, the
+Northern historian, says, "In less time than it takes to tell it, the
+ground was strewn with the bodies of the dead and wounded, while the
+unwounded were moving off rapidly to the north." (Palfrey, "Antietam and
+Fredericksburg," page 87.)
+
+While engaged in one of these artillery duels a thirty-two pound shot
+tore by the gun and struck close by Henry Rader, a driver, who was lying
+on the ground, holding the lead-horses at the limber. The shell tore a
+trench alongside of him and hoisted him horizontally from the ground. As
+he staggered off, dazed by the shock, the horses swung around to run,
+when young R. E. Lee, Jr., with bare arms and face begrimed with powder,
+made a dash from the gun, seized the bridle of each of the leaders at
+the mouth, and brought them back into position before the dust had
+cleared away.
+
+In the constant changes from knoll to knoll, in accordance with orders
+to "move when the fire became too hot," some of the batteries with us
+withdrew, perhaps prematurely. In this way the Rockbridge guns were left
+to receive the whole of the enemy's fire. In just such a situation as
+this, it not being to our liking, I asked Lieutenant Graham if we should
+pull out when the others did. Before he could answer the question a
+shell burst at our gun, from which an iron ball an inch in diameter
+struck me on the right thigh-joint, tearing and carrying the clothes in
+to the bone. I fell, paralyzed with excruciating pain. Graham rode off,
+thinking I was killed, as he afterward told me. The pain soon subsided,
+and I was at first content to lie still; but, seeing the grass and earth
+around constantly torn up, and sometimes thrown on me, I made fruitless
+efforts to move. The strict orders against assisting the wounded
+prevented my being carried off until the firing had ceased, when I was
+taken back about fifty yards and my wound examined by two surgeons from
+the skeleton regiments, who treated me with the utmost kindness,
+thinking, perhaps, from my clean white shirt, that I was an officer. An
+hour later my gun came by, and I was put on a caisson and hauled around
+for an hour or two more.
+
+It was about this time that what was left of the battery was seen by
+General Lee, and the interview between him and his son took place. To
+give an idea of the condition of the battery, I quote from
+"Recollections and Letters of General Lee," by R. E. Lee, Jr., page 77:
+
+"As one of the Army of Northern Virginia I occasionally saw the
+Commander-in-Chief, or passed the headquarters close enough to recognize
+him and members of his staff; but a private soldier in Jackson's corps
+did not have much time during that campaign for visiting, and until the
+battle of Sharpsburg I had no opportunity of speaking to him. On that
+occasion our battery had been severely handled, losing many men and
+horses. Having three guns disabled, we were ordered to withdraw and,
+while moving back, we passed General Lee and several of his staff
+grouped on a little knoll near the road. Having no definite orders where
+to go, our captain, seeing the commanding General, halted us and rode
+over to get some instructions. Some others and myself went along to see
+and hear. General Lee was dismounted with some of his staff around him,
+a courier holding his horse. Captain Poague, commanding our battery, the
+Rockbridge Artillery, saluted, reported our condition, and asked for
+instructions. The General listened patiently, looked at us, his eyes
+passing over me without any sign of recognition, and then ordered
+Captain Poague to take the most serviceable horses and men, man the
+uninjured gun, send the disabled part of his command back to refit, and
+report to the front for duty. As Poague turned to go, I went up to speak
+to my father. When he found out who I was he congratulated me on being
+well and unhurt. I then said, 'General, are you going to send us in
+again?' 'Yes, my son,' he replied, with a smile, 'you all must do what
+you can to help drive these people back.' In a letter to Mrs. Lee,
+General Lee says, 'I have not laid eyes on Rob since I saw him in the
+battle of Sharpsburg, going in with a single gun of his, for the second
+time, after his company had been withdrawn in consequence of three of
+its guns having been disabled....'"
+
+Held by a companion on the caisson, as it was driven toward our right,
+jolting over the partly torn-down fences and exposed to far-reaching
+missiles, I had an opportunity of seeing other portions of the
+battlefield. We stopped for a time on the ridge overlooking the village
+almost enveloped in the flames of burning buildings, while flocks of
+terrified pigeons, driven hither and thither by the screaming and
+bursting shells, flew round and round in the clouds of smoke. In
+hearing, from beyond and to the left of the village, was the fighting at
+"Bloody Lane," a sunken road which was almost filled with the dead of
+both sides when the day closed. As was also that at "Burnside Bridge," a
+mile southeast of the town, for the possession of which Burnside's corps
+and Toombs's Georgians contended till late in the afternoon. I was not
+averse to leaving this scene when the disabled caisson proceeded, and
+reached the pike.
+
+A mile farther on I was deposited on the roadside, near the brigade
+field-hospital; and, completely exhausted, was carried into the yard of
+a neat brick cottage by two stalwart Alleghany Roughs and laid beside
+their captain, John Carpenter. The place, inside and out, was filled
+with wounded men. Carpenter insisted on my taking the last of his
+two-ounce vial of whiskey, which wonderfully revived me. Upon inquiry,
+he told me he had been shot through the knee by a piece of shell and
+that the surgeons wanted to amputate his leg, but, calling my attention
+to a pistol at his side, said, "You see that? It will not be taken off
+while I can pull a trigger." He entirely recovered, and led his battery
+into the next battle, where he was again severely wounded. That the
+history of the four Carpenter brothers of Alleghany County, Virginia,
+has not been recorded is a misfortune. As already mentioned, Joe, the
+oldest, and captain of the Alleghany Rough Battery, was mortally wounded
+near us at Cedar Mountain. John, who succeeded him as captain, after
+being wounded at Sharpsburg, was again wounded at Fredericksburg in
+1862, where he was twice carried from the field, and as often worked his
+way back to his gun. In Early's campaign in 1864 he lost his right arm.
+In the same campaign his next younger brother, Ben, lieutenant in the
+same company, was shot through the lungs. The wounds of neither had
+healed when they received news, at their home, of the surrender at
+Appomattox. Mounting their horses, they set out for Gen. Joe Johnston's
+army in North Carolina, but, on arriving at Lexington, Virginia, heard
+of the surrender of that army. The fourth and youngest brother lost a
+leg near the close of the war. Like all true heroes, their modesty was
+as striking as their courage and patriotism.
+
+On the following day at our hospital the heap of amputated legs and arms
+increased in size until it became several feet in height, while the two
+armies lay face to face, like two exhausted monsters, each waiting for
+the other to strike.
+
+About sundown that afternoon I was put in an ambulance with S. R. Moore,
+of the College company, who was in a semi-conscious state, having been
+struck on the brow, the ball passing out back of the ear. The distance
+to Shepherdstown was only three miles, but the slow progress of
+innumerable trains of wagons and impedimenta generally, converging at
+the one ford of the Potomac, delayed our arrival until dawn the next
+morning. About sunrise we were carried into an old deserted frame house
+and assigned to the bare floor for beds. My brother David, whose gun had
+remained on picket duty on this side of the river, soon found me, and at
+once set about finding means to get me away. The only conveyance
+available was George Bedinger's mother's carriage, but my brother's
+horse--the same brute that had robbed me of my bedding at Leesburg---now
+refused to work.
+
+The booming of cannon and bursting of shells along the river at the
+lower end of the town admonished us that our stay in the desolate old
+house must be short, and, as brigade after brigade marched by the door,
+the apprehension that "they in whose wars I had borne my part" would
+soon "have all passed by," made me very wretched. As a last resort, I
+was lifted upon the back of this same obstreperous horse and, in great
+pain, rode to the battery, which was camped a short distance from the
+town.
+
+S. R. Moore was afterward taken to the Bedingers' residence, where he
+remained in the enemy's lines until, with their permission, he was taken
+home by his father some weeks later.
+
+David Barton, a former member of our company, but now in command of
+Cutshaw's battery, kindly sent his ambulance, with instructions that I
+be taken to his father's house in Winchester, which place, in company
+with a wounded man of his battery, I reached on the following day. At
+Mr. Barton's I found my cousin and theirs, Robert Barton, of Rockbridge,
+on sick-leave, and a Doctor Grammer, who dressed my wound; and, although
+unable to leave my bed, I intensely enjoyed the rest and kindness
+received in that hospitable home, which was repeatedly made desolate by
+the deaths of its gallant sons who fell in battle.
+
+Marshall, the eldest, and lieutenant in artillery, was killed on the
+outskirts of Winchester in May, 1862. David, the third son, whom I have
+just mentioned, was killed in December of the same year. Strother, the
+second son, lost a leg at Chancellorsville and died soon after the war;
+and Randolph, the fourth son, captain on the staff of the Stonewall
+Brigade, and now a distinguished lawyer in Baltimore, was seven times
+wounded, while Robert, a member of our battery, and a gallant soldier,
+was the only one of the five brothers in the service who survived the
+war unscathed. Our mutual cousin, Robert Barton of the Rockbridge
+Cavalry, was shot through the lungs in Early's Valley campaign, and left
+within the enemy's lines, where, nursed by his sister, his life hung in
+the balance for many days.
+
+After a sojourn of a few days, leave to go home was given me by the
+department surgeon, and at four o'clock in the morning, with young
+Boiling, Barton and Reid serving as my crutches (on their way to the
+Virginia Military Institute), I was put in the stage-coach at the front
+door and driven to the hotel, where several Baltimoreans, who were
+returning from Northern prisons, got in. One of them was especially
+noticeable, as his face was much pitted by smallpox, and with his
+Confederate uniform he wore a wide-brimmed straw hat. They were a jolly
+set, and enlivened the journey no little. A square or two farther on,
+two wounded officers came from a house at which we stopped, and in an
+authoritative manner demanded seats inside, all of which were occupied.
+They said they were officers in a celebrated command and expected
+corresponding consideration. The fellow with the hat told them his party
+was just from Fort Delaware, where little distinction was paid to rank,
+but if they required exalted positions they ought to get on top of the
+coach. The officers said they were wounded and could not climb up. "I
+was wounded, too--mortally," came from under the hat. After joking them
+sufficiently, the Baltimoreans kindly gave up their seats and mounted to
+the top.
+
+[Illustration: R. T. BARTON]
+
+At the towns at which we stopped to change horses, the boys who
+collected around were entertained with wonderful stories by our friends
+from Baltimore. Just outside of one of these stopping-places we passed
+an old gentleman, probably refugeeing, who wore a tall beaver hat and
+rode a piebald pony. To the usual crowd of lads who had gathered around,
+they said they were going to give a show in the next town and wanted
+them all to come, would give them free tickets, and each a hatful of
+"goobers"; then pointing to the old gentleman on the spotted pony, who
+had now ridden up, said, "Ah, there is our clown; he can give you full
+particulars." One hundred and thirty miles from the battlefield of
+Sharpsburg the dawn of the second day of our journey showed again the
+procession of wounded men, by whom we had been passing all night and who
+had bivouacked along the road as darkness overtook them.
+
+They were now astir, bathing each other's wounds. The distance from
+Winchester to Staunton is ninety-six miles, and the trip was made by our
+stage in twenty-six hours, with stops only long enough to change horses.
+
+From nine to ten o'clock in the night I was utterly exhausted, and felt
+that I could not go a mile farther alive; but rallied, and reached
+Staunton at six o'clock in the morning, having been twenty-six hours on
+the way. Here Sam Lyle and Joe Chester, of the College company, detailed
+as a provost-guard, cared for me until the next day, when another
+stage-ride of thirty-six miles brought me to Lexington and home. With
+the aid of a crutch I was soon able to get about, but four months passed
+before I was again fit for duty, and from the effects of the wound I am
+lame to this day.
+
+Since going into the service in March, 1862, six months before, I had
+been in nine pitched battles, about the same number of skirmishes, and
+had marched more than one thousand miles--and this, too, with no natural
+taste for war.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIX
+
+RETURN TO ARMY--IN WINTER-QUARTERS NEAR PORT ROYAL
+
+
+On December 13, 1862, the great first battle of Fredericksburg had been
+fought, in which four men--Montgomery, McAlpin, Fuller and Beard--in my
+detachment had been killed, and others wounded, while the second piece,
+standing close by, did not lose a man. This section of the battery was
+posted in the flat, east of the railroad. As I was not present in this
+battle I will insert an account recently given me by Dr. Robert Frazer,
+a member of the detachment, who was severely wounded at the time:
+
+"First battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862.--We reached the
+field a little after sunrise, having come up during the night from Port
+Royal, where we had been engaging the enemy's gunboats. The first
+section, under Lieutenant Graham, went immediately into action in front
+of Hamilton's Crossing.
+
+"In conjunction with Stuart's horse artillery it was our mission to meet
+Burnside's movement against General Lee's right wing, resting on the
+Rappahannock. With the exception of brief intervals, to let the guns
+cool, we ceased firing only once during the entire day, and this was to
+move about a hundred yards for a more effective position. Excepting the
+few minutes this occupied, our guns and limber-chests remained in the
+same position all day, the caissons plying steadily between the
+ordnance-train and the battle line, to keep up the stock of ammunition.
+I do not recall the number of casualties, but our losses were heavy.
+When we came to make the change of position mentioned above, more than
+half the horses were unable to take a single step. One of the drivers,
+Fuller, was lying on the ground, his head toward the enemy. A shell
+entered the crown of his head and exploded in his body! Not long after
+this I heard some one calling me, and, looking back, I saw 'Doc'
+Montgomery prostrate. I ran to him and, stooping at his side, began to
+examine his wound. 'There is nothing you can do for me,' he said; 'I am
+mortally wounded, and can live but a little while. Take a message for my
+mother.' (His mother was a widow.) 'When the battle is over, write and
+tell her how I died--at my post--like a man--and ready to give my life
+for the cause. Now, Frazer, pray for me.' When the brief prayer was
+ended I resumed my place at the gun. It was about this time, I think,
+that Pelham came up and said, 'Well, you men stand killing better than
+any I ever saw.' A little later, just after sunset, I received two
+severe wounds myself, one of them disabling my right arm for life; and
+so I had to commit brave 'Doc's' dying message for his mother to other
+hands."
+
+The third and fourth pieces, twenty-pound Parrott guns, were on the hill
+west of the railroad, and there Lieutenant Baxter McCorkle, Randolph
+Fairfax and Arthur Robinson were killed, and Edward Alexander lost an
+arm. This section of the battery was exposed to a fire unsurpassed in
+fierceness during the war. The ground, when it arrived, was already
+strewn with dead horses and wrecked batteries, and two horses that were
+standing, with holes in their heads through which daylight could be
+seen, were instantly killed by other shots intended for our guns.
+
+Captain Poague told me since, that the orders General Jackson gave him
+as he came to the place were, "to fire on the enemy's artillery till it
+became too hot for him, and then to turn his guns on their infantry,"
+and that he, Poague, had stated this in his official report, and the
+chief of artillery of the corps, before forwarding the report, had asked
+him if he was sure that these were General Jackson's orders. He told him
+he was. The report was then endorsed and so forwarded.
+
+The scene, as described at the close of this battle near nightfall, was
+a melancholy one. As the two sections of the battery, which had
+separated and gone to different portions of the field in the
+morning--the one to the heights, the other to the plain--met again, on
+the caissons of each were borne the dead bodies of those of their
+number who had fallen, the wounded, and the harness stripped from the
+dead horses. The few horses that had survived, though scarcely able to
+drag the now empty ammunition-chests, were thus again burdened.
+
+After going into bivouac and the dead had been buried, to clear the
+ground for a renewal of the battle on the following day, the
+wagon-horses had to be brought into requisition. These were driven in
+pairs to the position on the bluff and, as lights would attract the fire
+of the enemy, the dead horses had to be found in the darkness, and with
+chains dragged to the rear. The approach of the first instalment to a
+line of infantry, through which it had to pass and who were roused from
+sleep by the rattling of chains and the dragging of the ponderous bodies
+through brush and fallen timber, created no little excitement, and a
+wide berth was given the gruesome procession. By midnight the work had
+been accomplished.
+
+At dawn of the following day a fresh detachment of men and horses having
+been furnished by another battery for the fourth piece, our battery
+again went into position. There it remained inactive throughout the day,
+while the enemy's dead within our lines were being buried by their own
+men under flag of truce. On the night which followed, as the two armies
+lay under arms, confronting each other, a display of the aurora
+borealis, of surpassing splendor and beauty, was witnessed. At such
+times, from time immemorial, "shooting-stars", comets, and the
+movements of the heavenly bodies have been observed with profoundest
+interest as presaging good or evil. On this occasion, with the deep
+impress of what had just been experienced and the apprehension of an
+even more determined conflict on the day next to dawn, it can readily be
+imagined that minds naturally prone to superstition were thrilled with
+emotions and conjectures aroused by the sight. At any rate, these
+"northern lights," reinforced by the memory of the fearful carnage so
+recently suffered, seem to have been interpreted as a summons home--as
+the Northern hosts, like the shifting lights, had vanished from view
+when daylight appeared.
+
+In January, 1863, with William McClintic, of our company, I returned to
+the army, which was in winter-quarters near Guiney's Station in Caroline
+County.
+
+After arriving in a box-car at this station, about midnight, during a
+pouring rain, we found one section of the battery camped three miles
+from Port Royal. The other section, to which I belonged, was on picket
+twelve miles beyond--at Jack's Hill, overlooking Port Tobacco Bay. The
+section near Port Royal had comfortable winter-quarters on a hillside
+and was well sheltered in pine woods; and, as most of my mess were in
+this section, I was allowed to remain until the contents of my box
+brought from home were consumed. One night soon after my arrival, while
+making a visit to members of another mess, Abner Arnold, one of my
+hosts, pointing to a large, dark stain on the tarpaulin which served as
+the roof of their shanty, said, "Have you any idea what discolored that
+place?" As I had not, he said, "That's your blood; that is the
+caisson-cover on which you were hauled around at Sharpsburg--and neither
+rain nor snow can wash it out."
+
+The infantry of the Stonewall Brigade was in camp seven miles from us,
+toward the railroad. Having ridden there one morning for our mail, I met
+two men in one of their winter-quarters streets. One of them, wearing a
+citizen's overcoat, attracted my attention. Then, noticing the scars on
+his face, I recognized my former messmate, Wash. Stuart, on his return
+to the battery for the first time since his fearful wound at Winchester
+the preceding May. His companion was Capt. Willie Randolph, of the
+Second Virginia Regiment, both of whom will be mentioned later.
+
+The chief sport of the troops in their winter-quarters was snowballing,
+which was conducted on regular military principles. Two brigades would
+sometimes form in line of battle, commanded by their officers, and pelt
+each other without mercy. In one such engagement a whole brigade was
+driven pell-mell through its camp, and their cooking utensils captured
+by their opponents.
+
+Once a week quite regularly an old negro man came to our camp with a
+wagon-load of fine oysters from Tappahannock. It was interesting to see
+some of the men from our mountains, who had never seen the bivalve
+before, trying to eat them, and hear their comments. Our custom was to
+buy anything to eat that came along, and so they had invested their
+Confederate notes in oysters. One of them gave some of my messmates an
+account of the time his mess had had with their purchases. When it was
+proposed that they sell their supply to us, he said, "No, we are not
+afraid to tackle anything, and we've made up our minds to eat what we've
+got on hand, if it takes the hair off."
+
+While in this camp, although it was after a five-months' absence, I
+invariably waked about two minutes before my time to go on guard, having
+slept soundly during the rest of the four hours. One officer, always
+finding me awake, asked if I ever slept at all. The habit did not
+continue, and had not been experienced before. An instance of the
+opposite extreme I witnessed here in an effort to rouse Silvey, who was
+generally a driver. After getting him on his feet, he was shaken,
+pulled, and dragged around a blazing fire, almost scorching him, until
+the guard-officer had to give him up. If feigning, it was never
+discovered.
+
+The contents of my box having long since been consumed, I, with several
+others, was sent, under command of Lieut. Cole Davis, to my section at
+Jack's Hill. There we were quartered in some negro cabins on this bleak
+hill, over which the cold winds from Port Tobacco Bay had a fair sweep.
+On my return from the sentinel's beat one snowy night I discovered, by
+the dim firelight, eight or ten sheep in our cabin, sheltering from the
+storm. The temptation, with such an opportunity, to stir up a panic, was
+hard to resist. But, fearing the loss of an eye or other injury to the
+prostrate sleepers on the dirt floor, by the hoof of a bucking sheep, I
+concluded to forego the fun. After a stay of several weeks we were
+ordered back to the other section, much to our delight. In that barren
+region, with scant provender and protected from the weather by a roof of
+cedar-brush, our horses had fared badly, and showed no disposition to
+pull when hitched to the guns that were held tight in the frozen mud. To
+one of the drivers, very tall and long of limb, who was trying in vain
+with voice and spur to urge his team to do its best, our Irish wit, Tom
+Martin, called out, "Pull up your frog-legs, Tomlin, if you want to find
+the baste; your heels are just a-spurrin' one another a foot below his
+belly!"
+
+We were delighted to be again in our old quarters, where we were more in
+the world and guard duty lighter. Several times before leaving this camp
+our mess had visits from the two cousins, Lewis and William Randolph,
+the firstnamed a captain in the Irish Battalion, the second a captain in
+the Second Virginia Regiment, who stopped over-night with us, on
+scouting expeditions across the Rappahannock in the enemy's lines, where
+Willie Randolph had a sweetheart, whom he, soon after this, married.
+Lewis Randolph told us that he had killed a Federal soldier with a stone
+in the charge on the railroad-cut at second Manassas; that the man, who
+was about twenty steps from him, was recapping his gun, which had just
+missed fire while aimed at Randolph's orderly-sergeant, when he threw
+the stone. William Randolph said, "Yes, that's true; when we were
+provost-officers at Frederick, Maryland, a man was brought in under
+arrest and, looking at Lewis, said, 'I've seen you before. I saw you
+kill a Yankee at second Manassas with a stone,' and then related the
+circumstances exactly."
+
+William Randolph was six feet two inches in height, and said that he had
+often been asked how he escaped in battle, and his reply was, "By taking
+a judicious advantage of the shrubbery." This, however, did not continue
+to avail him, as he was afterward killed while in command of his
+regiment, being one of the six commanders which the Second Virginia
+Regiment lost--killed in battle--during the war.
+
+In March we moved from our winter-quarters to Hamilton's Crossing, three
+miles from Fredericksburg, where we remained in camp, with several
+interruptions, until May. Our fare here was greatly improved by the
+addition of fresh fish, so abundant at that season of the year in the
+Rappahannock and the adjacent creeks. In April the great cavalry battle
+at Kelly's Ford, forty miles above, was fought, in which the "Gallant
+Pelham" was killed.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XX
+
+SECOND BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG--CHANCELLORSVILLE--WOUNDING AND DEATH OF
+STONEWALL JACKSON
+
+
+The battle at Kelly's Ford was the forerunner of the crossing of
+Burnside's army to our side of the river, although this was delayed
+longer than was expected. In the latter part of April we were roused one
+morning before dawn to go into position on the fatal hill in the bend of
+the railroad. The various divisions of the army were already in motion
+from their winter-quarters, and, as they reached the neighborhood, were
+deployed in line of battle above and below.
+
+The high hills sloping toward the river on the enemy's side were manned
+with heavy siege-guns, from which shells were thrown at intervals as our
+troops came into view. Here we lay for a day or more, with guns
+unlimbered, awaiting the tedious disposition of the various divisions.
+The bluff on which our guns were posted, commanding, as it did, an
+extensive view of the country, attracted many of the officers, who had
+preceded their men, and, with field-glasses, scanned the surroundings. I
+saw at one time, within a few rods of where we stood, Generals Lee,
+Jackson, D. H. and A. P. Hill, Early, Rodes and Colston, besides a score
+of brigadiers. At this time the enemy were moving across their pontoon
+bridges and extending their skirmish-lines on the right and left.
+
+The only time I met General Jackson to speak to him since he had left
+Lexington was when he rode away from this group of officers. As I held
+aside the limb of a tree in his way, near our gun, he extended his hand
+and, as he gave me a hearty shake, said, "How do you do, Edward?" A
+short time after this, our battery had orders to fire a few rounds, as a
+sort of "feeler", and the enemy at once replied. The officers, not
+having been informed of the order, were for a time exposed to an
+unnecessary and what might have proved very serious danger. However,
+they withdrew before any damage was done, although a large piece of
+shell which flew past our gun gave General Colston a close call as he
+tarried near it. After threatening weather, the sun rose clear on the
+following morning. A light mist which lay along the river soon
+disappeared, and again, as at Harper's Ferry, our elevated position
+afforded a superb view. A level plain extended to the river in our front
+and for some miles to the right, and as far as Fredericksburg (two
+miles) to the left, and beyond the river the Stafford Heights.
+
+While we were standing admiring the scene, three horses without riders
+came dashing from within the Federal lines, and swept at full speed
+between the two armies. They ran as if on a regular race-track and
+conscious of the many spectators who cheered them to their best. Then,
+veering in their course from side to side, they finally shot through an
+opening made to receive them into our lines, which raised a "rebel
+yell," as if Jackson were passing by. One of these horses trotted into
+our battery and was caught and ridden by Sergeant Strickler, under the
+name of "Sedgwick," to the close of the war.
+
+Burnside's crossing the river at Fredericksburg was only a feint, as the
+mass of his army crossed near Chancellorsville, and thither our army
+went, leaving Early's division, two other brigades and several
+batteries, including ours, to oppose Sedgwick's corps. After three days
+here, with occasional artillery duels, Sedgwick recrossed the river, and
+Early, supposing he would join Hooker, set out with his command toward
+Chancellorsville. Before we had gone three miles I heard General
+Barksdale, as he rode along the column, ask for General Early, who was a
+short distance ahead, and announce, "My young men have told me that the
+Federals are recrossing the river." A few moments later, as the two rode
+back together, General Early said, "If that is the case, I must go back
+or they will get my wagon-train."
+
+We at once countermarched, and by eleven o'clock were back in position
+on the same bluff. The fourth detachment was in front and failed to get
+the order to countermarch, and so kept on almost to Chancellorsville,
+and did not rejoin us until eight o'clock the next morning (Sunday),
+having spent the whole night marching.
+
+I will mention here a striking instance of what I suppose could be
+called the "irony of fate." My bedfellow, Stuart, as already stated, had
+been fearfully wounded at Winchester, his first battle. After his return
+many months later he often expressed the greatest desire to pass through
+one battle unhurt, and regarded his companions who had done so as
+fortunate heroes. It was now Sunday morning and there had been heavy
+firing for an hour or two about Fredericksburg, and thither the third
+and fourth pieces were ordered. As they were starting off, I saw Stuart
+bidding good-by to several friends, and I, not wishing to undergo a
+thing so suggestive, was quietly moving off. But he called out, "Where
+is my partner?" and came to me, looking so jaded after his long
+nightmarch that his farewell made me rather serious. In half an hour he
+was dead. As he was going with his gun into position a case-shot
+exploded close to him and three balls passed through his body, any one
+of which would have been fatal.
+
+Two other members of the battery, Henry Foutz and J. S. Agnor, were also
+killed in this engagement. The position was a trying one. Two batteries
+had already suffered severely while occupying it, and the cannoneers of
+a third battery were lying inactive by their guns as ours came into it.
+But in less than an hour thereafter the enemy's guns were outmatched;
+at any rate, ceased firing. General Hoke, who had witnessed the whole
+affair, came and asked Major Latimer to introduce him to Captain Graham,
+saying he wanted to know the man whose guns could do such execution.
+About noon my section joined the others a short distance in rear of this
+place on the hills overlooking Fredericksburg.
+
+Soon after we had gotten together, the bodies of our dead comrades were
+brought from the places at which they had fallen, and William Bolling,
+Berkeley Minor and myself, messmates of Stuart, were detailed to bury
+him. His body was taken in our battery ambulance, which we accompanied,
+to the Marye family cemetery near our old camp, and permission gotten to
+bury it there. If I was ever utterly miserable, it was on this Sunday
+afternoon as we stood, after we had dug the grave, in this quiet place,
+surrounded by a dense hedge of cedar, the ground and tombstones
+overgrown with moss and ivy, and a stillness as deep as if no war
+existed. Just at this time there came timidly through the hedge, like an
+apparition, the figure of a woman. She proved to be Mrs. Marye; and,
+during the battle, which had now continued four days, she had been
+seeking shelter from the enemy's shells in the cellar of her house. She
+had come to get a lock of Stuart's hair for his mother, and her
+presence, now added to that of our ambulance driver, as Minor read the
+Episcopal burial service, made the occasion painfully solemn. In less
+than an hour we were again with the battery and in line of battle with
+the whole of our battalion, twenty guns, all of which opened
+simultaneously on what appeared to be a column of artillery moving
+through the woods in our front. However, it proved to be a train of
+wagons, some of which were overturned and secured by us the next day.
+
+Here we lay during the night with guns unlimbered near Gen. "Extra
+Billy" Smith's brigade of infantry. Next afternoon we had a fine view of
+a charge by Early's division, with Brigadier-Generals Gordon and Hoke
+riding to and fro along their lines and the division driving the
+Federals from their position along the crest of the hill. The greater
+portion of the enemy's killed and wounded were left in our hands. Many
+of the latter with whom we talked were heartily sick of the war and
+longed for the expiration of their term of service. This series of
+battles, continuing, as it did, at intervals for a week, was not yet
+done with.
+
+After dark our battery was ordered to move down toward Fredericksburg
+and occupy some earthworks just outside of the town. We had been well in
+range of the siege-guns already, but now the only hope was that they
+would overshoot us. As I was on guard that night I had ample time, while
+pacing the breastworks, for cogitation. I heard distinctly the barking
+of the dogs and the clocks striking the hours during the night. When
+morning came, a dense fog had settled along the river, entirely
+concealing us, and while it hung we were ordered to pull out quietly.
+
+Two hundred yards back from this place we came into clear sunlight and,
+as we turned, saw an immense balloon poised on the surface of the mist,
+and apparently near enough to have pierced it with a shell. Not a shot
+was fired at us--veiled, as we were, by the mist--until we had gotten
+still farther away, but then some enormous projectiles landed around us.
+
+A question that would naturally present itself to one who had heard of
+the repeated victories won by the Confederate army would be, "Why were
+no decisive results?" By carefully studying the history of the war, the
+inquirer could not fail to notice that at every crisis either some
+flagrant failure on the part of a subordinate to execute the duty
+assigned to him occurred, or that some untoward accident befell the
+Confederate arms. Conspicuous among the latter was Jackson's fall at
+Chancellorsville.
+
+That General Hooker seemed entirely ignorant of the proximity of General
+Lee's army was disclosed by the discovery, by General Fitz Lee, that the
+right flank of the Federal army was totally unguarded.
+
+General Jackson, when informed of this, proceeded by a rapid march to
+throw his corps well to the right and rear of this exposed wing, and by
+this unexpected onset threw that portion of Hooker's army into the
+utmost confusion and disorder. Falling night for a time checked his
+advance, but, while making dispositions to push the advantage gained,
+so as to envelope his adversary, he passed, with his staff, outside of
+his picket line, and when returning to re-enter was mortally wounded by
+his own men.
+
+This May 4 closed the great effort of General Hooker, with 132,000 men,
+to "crush" General Lee's army of 47,000. The two last of the six days of
+his experience in the effort probably made him thankful that the loss of
+20,000 of his force had been no greater.
+
+The mortal wounding of Jackson and his death on the tenth more than
+offset the advantage of the victory to the Confederates. His loss was
+deplored by the whole army, especially by General Lee, and to his
+absence in later battles, conspicuously at Gettysburg, was our failure
+to succeed attributed. In fact General Lee said to a friend, after the
+war, that with Jackson at Gettysburg our success would have been
+assured--a feeling that was entertained throughout the army.
+
+On the evening of the fifth, rain, which seemed invariably to follow a
+great battle, fell in torrents and we went into camp drenched to the
+skin. After drying by a fire, I went to bed and slept for eighteen
+hours. Being in our old position on the hill, we converted it into a
+camp and there remained.
+
+On that portion of the great plain which extended along the railroad on
+our right we witnessed a grand review of Jackson's old corps, now
+commanded by General Ewell. The three divisions, commanded,
+respectively, by Generals Ed. Johnson, Rodes and Early, were drawn up
+one behind the other, with a space of seventy-five yards between, and
+General Lee, mounted on "Traveler" and attended by a full staff and
+numerous generals, at a sweeping gallop, made first a circuit of the
+entire corps, then in front and rear of each division. One by one his
+attendants dropped out of the cavalcade. Gen. Ed. Johnson escaped a fall
+from his horse by being caught by one of his staff. Early soon pulled
+out, followed at intervals by others; but the tireless gray, as with
+superb ease and even strides he swept back and forth, making the turns
+as his rider's body inclined to right or left, absorbed attention. The
+distance covered was nine miles, at the end of which General Lee drew
+rein with only one of his staff and Gen. A. P. Hill at his side. Such
+spectacles were to us extremely rare, and this one was especially well
+timed, affording the troops, as it did, an opportunity to see that they
+were still formidable in number, and although Jackson was dead that the
+soul of the army had not passed away.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXI
+
+OPENING OF CAMPAIGN OF 1863--CROSSING TO THE VALLEY--BATTLE AT
+WINCHESTER WITH MILROY--CROSSING THE POTOMAC
+
+
+The indications of another campaign were now not wanting, but what shape
+it would take caused curious speculation; that is, among those whose
+duty was only to execute. Longstreet had been recalled from the Virginia
+Peninsula; Hooker's hosts again lined the Stafford Heights across the
+Rappahannock. At evening we listened to the music of their bands, at
+night could see the glow of their camp-fires for miles around. On June
+2, Ewell's corps first broke camp, followed in a day or two by
+Longstreet's, while A. P. Hill's remained at Fredericksburg to observe
+the movements of Hooker. On the eighth we reached Culpeper, where we
+remained during the ninth, awaiting the result of the greatest and most
+stubbornly contested cavalry engagement of the war, which continued
+throughout the day in our hearing--at Brandy Station. The Federals
+having been driven across the river, our march was resumed on the tenth.
+
+On the following day we heard, at first indistinctly, toward the front
+of the column continued cheering. Following on, it grew louder and
+louder. We reached the foot of a long ascent, from the summit of which
+the shout went up, but were at a loss to know what called it forth.
+Arriving there, there loomed up before us the old Blue Ridge, and we,
+too, joined in the chorus. Moving on with renewed life, the continued
+greeting of those following was heard as eye after eye took in its
+familiar face. We had thought that the love for these old mountains was
+peculiar to us who had grown up among them; but the cheer of the Creoles
+who had been with us under Jackson was as hearty as our own.
+
+We passed through Little Washington, thence by Chester Gap to Front
+Royal, the first of our old battlegrounds in the Valley, having left
+Longstreet's and Hill's corps on the east side of the mountain. At
+Winchester, as usual, was a force of the enemy under our former
+acquaintance, General Milroy. Without interruption we were soon in his
+vicinity. Nearly two days were consumed in feeling his strength and
+position. Our battery was posted on a commanding hill north of the town,
+the top of which was already furrowed with solid shot and shells to
+familiarize the enemy with its range. Our battery now consisted of two
+twenty-pound Parrott, and two brand-new English Blakeley guns, to one of
+which I belonged. And a singular coincidence it was that in putting in
+the first charge my gun was choked, the same thing having occurred on
+the same field a year before, being the only times it happened during
+the war. I went immediately to the third piece and took the place of No.
+1.
+
+[Illustration: B. C. M. Friend]
+
+The battle had now begun, the enemy firing at us from a strongly
+fortified fort near the town. Their target practice was no criterion of
+their shooting when being shot at, as not one of us was even wounded.
+While the battle was in progress we had a repetition of the race at
+Fredericksburg when there dashed from the Federal fort three artillery
+horses, which came at full speed over the mile between us, appearing and
+disappearing from view. On reaching the battery they were caught, and
+one of them, which we named "Milroy," was driven by James Lewis at the
+wheel of my gun, and restored with "Sedgwick" to his old associates at
+Appomattox.
+
+Night put a stop to hostilities, and the next day, until late in the
+afternoon, we passed inactively. Then Hayes's Louisiana Brigade,
+formerly commanded by Gen. Dick Taylor, formed in our front and,
+charging with the old yell, captured the fort. After night I found two
+members of our company in possession of a little mule, equipped with
+saddle and bridle, supposed to be a United States animal. They said they
+were afraid of mules, and turned him over to me. I forthwith mounted,
+and passed an hour pleasantly, riding around. As I once heard a little
+negro say, "I went everywhar I knowed, an' everywhar I didn't know I
+come back." I felt now that I had a mount for the campaign, but next
+morning one of the Richmond Howitzers claimed the mule and identified it
+as his.
+
+The bulk of Milroy's force escaped during the night, but we captured
+four thousand prisoners, twenty-eight pieces of artillery, and hundreds
+of wagons and horses, and equipped ourselves, as we had done in 1862, at
+the expense of Banks. For our two recently acquired English Blakeley
+guns we substituted two twenty-pound Parrotts, giving us four guns of
+the same caliber. On the thirteenth we crossed the Potomac at
+Shepherdstown, thence by way of Hagerstown, Maryland, to Greencastle,
+Pennsylvania, the first live Yankee town we had visited in war times.
+Many of the stores were open and full of goods, but as they refused to
+take Confederate money, and we were forbidden to plunder, we passed on,
+feeling aggrieved, and went into camp a few miles beyond.
+
+Having a curiosity to test the resources and hospitality of this
+abundant country, I set out from camp, with two companions, for this
+purpose. A walk of a mile brought us to the house of a widow with three
+pretty daughters. They told us they had been feeding many of our
+soldiers and could give us only some milk, which they served, as seemed
+to be the custom of the country, in large bowls. They said they did not
+dislike rebels, and if we would go on to Washington and kill Lincoln,
+and end the war, they would rejoice. Proceeding farther, we stopped at
+a substantial brick house and were silently ushered into a large room,
+in the far end of which sat the head of the house, in clean white
+shirt-sleeves but otherwise dressed for company, his hat on and his feet
+as high as his head against the wall, smoking a cigar. At the other end
+of the room the rest of the family were at supper, of which we were
+perfunctorily asked by the mistress to partake. A very aged lady, at a
+corner of the table, without speaking or raising her eyes, chewed
+apparently the same mouthful during our stay--one of our party
+suggested, "perhaps her tongue." The table was thickly covered with
+saucers of preserves, pickles, radishes, onions, cheese, etc. The man of
+the house did not turn his head nor speak a word during our stay, which
+was naturally over with the meal.
+
+We returned to the battalion about sunset, encamped in a clean, grassy
+enclosure, the horses enjoying their bountiful food, the men in gay
+spirits, and the regimental bands playing lively airs. Shortly after our
+return, there occurred an incident which lent additional interest to the
+occasion.
+
+No one at all familiar with the Rockbridge Artillery will fail to
+remember Merrick. A lawyer and native of Hagerstown, Maryland, having
+been educated abroad, he was an accomplished scholar and a fine
+musician, with a stock of Irish and other songs which he sang admirably.
+In person he was very slender, over six feet in height, with a long
+neck, prominent nose, and very thin hair and whiskers. Cut off from
+home and being utterly improvident, he was entirely dependent on
+quartermaster's goods for his apparel, and when clothing was issued his
+forlorn and ragged appearance hushed every claim by others who might
+have had precedence. This Confederate clothing, like the rations, was
+very short, so that Merrick's pantaloons and jacket failed to meet, by
+several inches, the intervening space showing a very soiled cotton
+shirt. With the garments mentioned--a gray cap, rusty shoes and socks,
+and, in winter, half the tail of his overcoat burnt off--his costume is
+described.
+
+Indifference to his appearance extended also to danger, and when a
+battle was on hand so was Merrick. Before crossing the Potomac he
+disappeared from the command a perfect-looking vagabond, and now as we
+were reveling in this bountiful country there rolled into our midst a
+handsome equipage drawn by two stylish horses. When the door was opened
+out stepped Merrick, handsomely dressed in citizen's clothes, and handed
+out two distinguished-looking gentlemen, to whom he introduced us. Then,
+in the language of Dick Swiveler, "he passed around the rosy"; and all
+taking a pull, our enthusiasm for Merrick mounted high.
+
+Our march under Ewell had been admirably conducted. We were always on
+the road at an early hour, and, without hurry or the usual halts caused
+by troops crowding on one another, we made good distances each day and
+were in camp by sunset. I never before or afterward saw the men so
+buoyant. There was no demonstration, but a quiet undercurrent of
+confidence that they were there to conquer. The horses, too, invigorated
+by abundant food, carried higher heads and pulled with firmer tread.
+
+Our march from Greencastle was through Chambersburg and Shippensburg,
+and when within eight or ten miles of Carlisle we passed through one or
+two hundred Pennsylvania militia in new Federal uniforms, who had just
+been captured and paroled. Before reaching Carlisle we very unexpectedly
+(to us) countermarched, and found the militiamen at the same place, but
+almost all of them barefooted, their shoes and stockings having been
+appropriated by needy rebels. As we first saw them they were greatly
+crestfallen, but after losing their footgear all spirit seemed to have
+gone out of them. They lingered, it may be, in anticipation of the
+greetings when met by wives and little ones at home, after having
+sallied forth so valiantly in their defense. How embarrassing bare feet
+would be instead of the expected trophies of war! Imagine a young
+fellow, too, meeting his sweetheart! That they kept each other company
+to the last moment, managed to reach home after night, and ate between
+meals for some days, we may be sure.
+
+Before reaching Chambersburg we took a road to the left, in the
+direction of Gettysburg. To give an idea of the change in our diet since
+leaving Dixie, I give the bill-of-fare of a breakfast my mess enjoyed
+while on this road: Real coffee and sugar, light bread, biscuits with
+lard in them, butter, apple-butter, a fine dish of fried chicken, and a
+quarter of roast lamb!
+
+On the morning of July 1 we passed through a division of Longstreet's
+corps bivouacked in a piece of woods. Our road lay across a high range
+of hills, from beyond which the sound of cannonading greeted us. By
+three o'clock that afternoon, when we reached the summit of the hills,
+the firing ahead had developed into the roar of a battle, and we pushed
+forward on the down-grade. The valley below, through which we passed,
+was thickly settled, and soon we began to meet prisoners and our
+wounded, whose numbers rapidly increased as we advanced, and at the same
+pump by the roadside we frequently saw a group of Federal and
+Confederate soldiers having their wounds bathed and dressed by Northern
+women, kind alike to friend and foe. When we reached the field, about
+sundown, the battle was over. This was July 1 and the first of the three
+days of terrific fighting which constituted the battle of Gettysburg.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXII
+
+ON THE WAY TO GETTYSBURG--BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG--RETREAT
+
+
+Before proceeding farther let us consider briefly the condition of the
+two armies, and which had the better grounds to hope for success in the
+great conflict now impending. With the exception of one--Sharpsburg--which
+was a drawn battle, the Confederates had been victorious in every general
+engagement up to this time. Scant rations, deprivation, and hardships of
+every kind had made them tired of the war; and the recent abundance had
+not only put them in better fighting condition than ever before, but made
+them long to enjoy it permanently at home.
+
+The Federal army had changed commanders after every defeat, and the
+present one--General Meade--who had just been appointed, was not an
+officer to inspire special confidence. With all this in favor of the
+Southerners, all else seemed to conspire against them. On the morning of
+June 30, the day before the battle, Pickett's division was at
+Chambersburg, thirty miles from Gettysburg; Hood's and McLaw's (the
+other two divisions of Longstreet's corps) fifteen miles nearer
+Gettysburg; Hill's corps at Cashtown, nine miles from Gettysburg;
+Rodes's division of Ewell's corps at Carlisle, thirty miles distant;
+Johnson's at Greenville, and Early's near York. General Early levied for
+and obtained from the city of York several thousand pairs of shoes and
+socks and a less number of hats for his men, and $26,000 in money.
+
+The different portions of the Federal army at this time were spread out
+over a large area, south and east of Gettysburg. To the absence of our
+cavalry, whose whereabouts since crossing the Potomac had not even been
+known by General Lee, was due the ignorance as to the location of the
+Federals, causing loss of time and the employment of other troops to do
+what the cavalry should have done. It is generally conceded that until
+they found themselves face to face the commander of neither army
+expected or desired this locality to be the battleground. And when we
+consider the fact that armies have been known to maneuver for weeks for
+a vantage ground on which to give battle, we can realize the importance
+of this seeming accident, which sealed the doom of the Confederacy. For
+if the whole State of Pennsylvania had been gone over, it is probable
+that no other place could have been found which afforded such advantages
+as did this to the Northern army.
+
+Early's division had passed it several days before on his way to York,
+and Pettigrew's brigade of Hill's corps on July 1, while approaching in
+search of shoes for his men, encountered Buford's Federal cavalry,
+precipitating the first day's conflict, in which Hill's corps, Rodes's
+and Early's divisions captured 5,000 prisoners and drove the Federals
+through the town to the heights beyond. Our battalion of artillery, soon
+after dark, passed southward through the outskirts of the town with
+Early's division and bivouacked for the night. By dawn of the following
+day (July 2) sufficient of the Federal army had arrived to occupy and
+fortify the heights. From where our battery was posted, a mile east of
+the town, we had in full view the end of Cemetery Hill, with an arched
+gateway for an entrance. To the left of it and joined by a depressed
+ridge was Culp's Hill, steep and rugged as a mountain, all now held and
+fortified by the enemy. Jackson's old division, now commanded by Gen.
+Ed. Johnson, having arrived late in the night, formed at the base of
+Culp's Hill, and before an hour of daylight had elapsed had stirred up a
+hornets' nest in their front.
+
+I must mention an incident that occurred during this forenoon quite
+interesting to myself. As we were standing by our guns, not yet having
+fired a shot, General Ewell and his staff came riding by, and
+Lieut.-Col. Sandy Pendleton, his adjutant, rode out from among them and
+handed me two letters. To receive two letters in the army at any time
+was an event, but here, away in the enemy's country, in the face of
+their frowning guns, for them to have come so far and then be delivered
+at the hands of the General and his staff was quite something. One of
+the letters I recognized as being from my mother, the other aroused my
+curiosity. The envelope, directed in a feminine hand, was very neat, but
+the end had been burned off and the contents were held in place by a
+narrow red ribbon daintily tied. In so conspicuous a place, with a
+battle on, I could not trust myself to open my treasures. It was near
+night before a suitable time came, and my billet-doux contained the
+following:
+
+   _You are cordially invited to be present at the Commencement
+   Exercises of the ----Female Seminary, on the evening of July 3d,
+   1863, at eight o'clock_ P. M. _Compliments of Gertrude ----._
+
+My feelings were inexpressible. How I longed to be there! To think of
+such a place of quiet and peace as compared with my surroundings on this
+bloody battlefield!
+
+But to return to the serious features of the day. With the exception of
+the steady musketry firing by Johnson's men on Culp's Hill, the day
+passed quietly until nearly four o'clock. At this time Andrews's
+battalion of artillery, led by Major Latimer, passed in front of us and
+went into position two hundred yards to our left, and nearer the enemy.
+The ground sloped so as to give us a perfect view of his four
+batteries. Promptly other batteries joined those confronting us on
+Cemetery Hill, and by the time Latimer's guns were unlimbered the guns
+on both sides were thundering.
+
+In less than five minutes one of Latimer's caissons was exploded, which
+called forth a lusty cheer from the enemy. In five minutes more a
+Federal caisson was blown up, which brought forth a louder cheer from
+us. In this action Latimer's batteries suffered fearfully, the Alleghany
+Roughs alone losing twenty-seven men killed and wounded. Only one or two
+were wounded in our battery, the proximity of Latimer's guns drawing the
+fire to them. Near the close of the engagement, Latimer, who was a
+graduate of the Virginia Military Institute, a mere youth in appearance,
+was killed.
+
+The artillery contest was a small part of the afternoon's work. One of
+Johnson's brigades, after capturing breastworks and prisoners on Culp's
+Hill, pushed nearly to General Meade's headquarters. Rodes, usually so
+prompt, was occupying the town and failed to attack till late, and then
+with but two of his four brigades; but they charged over three lines of
+breastworks and captured several pieces of artillery, which had to be
+abandoned for want of support. Sickles's corps, having occupied the two
+"Round Tops" on the extreme left of the Federal line, advanced on
+Longstreet, and at four P. M. the two lines met in the celebrated "Peach
+Orchard," and from that time until night fought furiously, the Federals
+being driven back to their original ground.
+
+At the close of the second day the Confederates had gained ground on the
+right and left, and captured some artillery, but still nothing decisive.
+Another night passed, and the third and last day dawned on two anxious
+armies. Pickett, after a mysterious delay of twenty-four hours, arrived
+during the forenoon and became the left of Longstreet's corps. At twelve
+o'clock word was passed along our lines that when two signal-guns were
+heard, followed by heavy firing, to open vigorously with our guns. There
+was no mistaking when that time came, and we joined with the three
+hundred guns that made the firing. For an hour or more a crash and roar
+of artillery continued that rolled and reverberated above, and made the
+earth under us tremble. When it began there was great commotion among
+the enemy's batteries in our front, some of which limbered up and
+galloped along the crest of Cemetery Hill, but soon returned and renewed
+their fire on us.
+
+So far they had failed to do our battery any serious harm, but now each
+volley of their shells came closer and closer. At this time my attention
+was attracted to the second piece, a few paces to our left, and I saw a
+shell plow into the ground under Lieutenant Brown's feet and explode. It
+tore a large hole, into which Brown sank, enveloped as he fell in smoke
+and dust. In an instant another shell burst at the trail of my gun,
+tearing the front half of Tom Williamson's shoe off, and wounding him
+sorely. A piece of it also broke James Ford's leg, besides cutting off
+the fore leg of Captain Graham's horse. Ford was holding the lead-horses
+of the limber, and, as they wheeled to run, their bridles were seized by
+Rader, a shell struck the horse nearest to him, and, exploding at the
+instant, killed all four of the lead-horses and stunned Rader. These
+same horses and this driver had very nearly a similar experience (though
+not so fatal) at Sharpsburg a year before, as already described. Sam
+Wilson, another member of our detachment, was also painfully wounded and
+knocked down by the same shell.
+
+This artillery bombardment was the prelude to Pickett's charge, which
+took place on the opposite side of Cemetery Hill, and out of our view.
+Culp's Hill, since the early morning previous, had been enveloped in a
+veil of smoke from Johnson's muskets, which had scarcely had time to
+cool during the thirty-six hours.
+
+The men of the Fourth Virginia Regiment had been gradually and steadily
+advancing from boulder to boulder, until they were almost under the
+enemy's fortifications along the crest of the ridge. To proceed farther
+was physically impossible, to retreat was almost certain death. So, of
+the College company alone, one of whom had already been killed and many
+wounded, sixteen, including Captain Strickler, were captured. To John
+McKee, of this company, a stalwart Irish Federal said as he reached out
+to pull him up over the breastworks, "Gim-me your hand, Johnny Reb;
+you've give' us the bulliest fight of the war!"
+
+Lieutenant "Cush" Jones determined to run the gauntlet for escape, and
+as he darted away the point of his scabbard struck a stone, and throwing
+it inverted above his head, lost out his handsome sword. Three bullets
+passed through his clothing in his flight, and the boulder behind which
+he next took refuge was peppered by others. Here, also, my former
+messmate, George Bedinger, now captain of a company in the Thirty-third
+Virginia Regiment, was killed, leading his "Greeks," as he called his
+men.
+
+About nine o'clock that evening, and before we had moved from our
+position, I received a message, through Captain Graham, from some of the
+wounded of our company, to go to them at their field-hospital. Following
+the messenger, I found them in charge of our surgeon, Dr. Herndon,
+occupying a neat brick cottage a mile in the rear, from which the owners
+had fled, leaving a well-stocked larder, and from it we refreshed
+ourselves most gratefully. Toward midnight orders came to move. The
+ambulances were driven to the door and, after the wounded, some eight or
+ten in number, had been assisted into them, I added from the stores in
+the house a bucket of lard, a crock of butter, a jar of apple-butter, a
+ham, a middling of bacon, and a side of sole-leather. All for the
+wounded!
+
+Feeling assured that we would not tarry much longer in Pennsylvania, and
+expecting to reach the battery before my services would be needed, I
+set out with the ambulances. We moved on until daylight and joined the
+wounded of the other batteries of our battalion, and soon after left, at
+a house by the wayside, a member of the Richmond Howitzers who was
+dying. Our course was along a by-road in the direction of Hagerstown. In
+the afternoon, after joining the wagon-train, I found "Joe," the colored
+cook of my mess, in possession of a supernumerary battery-horse, which I
+appropriated and mounted. Our column now consisted of ambulances loaded
+with wounded men, wounded men on foot, cows, bulls, quartermasters,
+portable forges, surgeons, cooks, and camp-followers in general, all
+plodding gloomily along through the falling rain.
+
+We arrived at the base of the mountain about five P. M. and began
+ascending by a narrow road, leading obliquely to the left. Before
+proceeding farther some description of the horse I was riding is
+appropriate, as he proved an important factor in my experiences before
+the night was over. He was the tallest horse I ever saw outside of a
+show, with a very short back and exceedingly long legs, which he handled
+peculiarly, going several gaits at one time. Many a cannoneer had sought
+rest on his back on the march, but none had ventured on so high a perch
+when going into battle. When half-way up the mountain we heard to our
+left oblique the distant mutter of a cannon, then in a few moments the
+sound was repeated, but we thought it was safely out of our course and
+felt correspondingly comfortable. At intervals the report of that gun
+was heard again and again. About dusk we reached the top of the
+mountain, after many, many halts, and the sound of that cannon became
+more emphatic.
+
+After descending a few hundred yards there came from a bridle-path on
+our left, just as I passed it, three cavalry horses with empty saddles.
+This was rather ominous. The halts in the mixed column were now
+frequent, darkness having set in, and we had but little to say. That
+cannon had moved more to our front, and our road bore still more to
+where it was thundering. We were now almost at the foot of the mountain,
+and to the left, nearer our front, were scattering musket-shots. Our
+halts were still short and frequent, and in the deep shadow of the
+mountain it was pitch-dark. All of this time I had not a particle of
+confidence in my horse. I could not tell what was before me in the dense
+darkness, whether friend or foe, but suddenly, after pausing an instant,
+he dashed forward. For fifty or seventy-five yards every other sound was
+drowned by a roaring waterfall on my right; then, emerging from its
+noise, I was carried at a fearful rate close by dismounted men who were
+firing from behind trees along the roadside, the flashes of their guns,
+"whose speedy gleams the darkness swallowed," revealing me on my tall
+horse with his head up. He must see safety ahead, and I let him fly.
+
+A hundred yards farther on our road joined the main pike at an acute
+angle, and entering it he swept on. Then, just behind me, a Federal
+cannon was discharged. The charge of canister tore through the brush on
+either side, and over and under me, and at the same instant my steed's
+hind leg gave way, and my heart sank with it. If struck at all, he
+immediately rallied and outran himself as well as his competitors. After
+getting out of the range of the firing and the shadow of the mountain, I
+saw indistinctly our cavalrymen along the side of the road, and we
+bantered each other as I passed.
+
+Farther on, at a toll-gate, I heard the voice of Tom Williamson. His
+ambulance had broken down and he was being assisted toward the house. I
+drew rein, but thought, "How can I help him? This horse must be
+well-nigh done for," and rode on. Since reaching the foot of the
+mountain the way had been open and everything on it moving for life. But
+again the road was full, and approaching clatter, with the sharp reports
+of pistols, brought on another rush, and away we went--wagons, wounded
+men, negroes, forges, ambulances, cavalry--everything.
+
+This in time subsided and, feeling ashamed, I turned back to look after
+my wounded, my horse as reluctant as myself, and expecting every moment
+the sound of the coming foe. A sudden snort and the timid step of my
+nervous steed warned me of breakers ahead. Peering through the darkness
+I saw coming toward me, noiseless and swift as the wind, an object
+white as the driven snow. "What," I asked myself, "are ghosts abroad,
+and in such a place? Is Gettysburg giving up her dead so soon?" But, as
+the thing met me, a voice cried out, "Is that you, Ned? Is that you?
+Take me on your horse. Let me get in the saddle and you behind." For a
+moment I was dumb, and wished it wasn't I. The voice was the voice of
+Lieutenant Brown, the same whom I had seen undermined by the shell at
+Gettysburg, and who had not put a foot to the ground until now.
+Barefooted, bareheaded; nothing on but drawers and shirt--white as a
+shroud! The prospect that now confronted me instantly flashed through my
+mind. First, "Can this horse carry two?" Then I pictured myself with
+such a looking object in my embrace, and with nothing with which to
+conceal him. There were settlements ahead, daylight was approaching, and
+what a figure we would cut! It was too much for me, and I said, "No, get
+on behind," feeling that the specter might retard the pursuing foe. But
+my tall horse solved the difficulty. Withdrawing my foot from the
+stirrup, Brown would put his in and try to climb up, when suddenly the
+horse would "swap ends," and down he'd go. Again he would try and almost
+make it, and the horse not wheeling quickly enough I would give him the
+hint with my "off" heel. My relief can be imagined when an ambulance
+arrived and took Brown in. I accompanied him for a short distance, then
+quickened my pace and overtook the train. Presently another clatter
+behind and the popping of pistols. Riding at my side was a horseman,
+and by the flash of his pistol I saw it pointing to the ground at our
+horses' feet.
+
+Reaching the foot of a hill, my horse stumbled and fell as if to rise no
+more. I expected to be instantly trampled out of sight. I heard a groan,
+but not where the horse's head should have been. Resting my feet on the
+ground, thus relieving him of my weight, he got his head from under him
+and floundered forward, then to his feet and away. Farther on, a swift
+horse without a rider was dashing by me. I seized what I supposed to be
+his bridle-rein, but it proved to be the strap on the saddle-bow, and
+the pull I gave came near unhorsing me.
+
+The pursuit continued no farther. Not having slept for two days and
+nights, I could not keep awake, and my game old horse, now wearied out,
+would stagger heedlessly against the wheels of moving wagons. Just at
+dawn of day, in company with a few horsemen of our battalion, I rode
+through the quiet streets of Hagerstown, thence seven miles to
+Williamsport.
+
+The wounded of our battalion had all been captured. A few, however, were
+not carried off, but left until our army came up. Some of the cooks,
+etc., escaped by dodging into the brush, but many a good horse and rider
+had been run down and taken. At Williamsport I exchanged horses with an
+infantryman while he was lying asleep on a porch, and had completed the
+transaction before he was sufficiently awake to remonstrate.
+
+We were now entirely cut off from our army, and with what of the wagons,
+etc., that remained were at the mercy of the enemy, as the Potomac was
+swollen to a depth of twenty feet where I had waded a year before. Most
+of the horses had to be _swum over_, as there was little room in the
+ferry-boats for them. The river was so high that this was very
+dangerous, and only expert swimmers dared to undertake it. Twenty
+dollars was paid for swimming a horse over, and I saw numbers swept down
+by the current and landed hundreds of yards below, many on the side from
+which they had started. I crossed in a ferry-boat on my recently
+acquired horse, having left my faithful old charger, his head encased in
+mud to the tips of his ears, with mingled feelings of sadness and
+gratitude.
+
+A great curiosity to understand this battle and battlefield induced me
+to visit it at the first opportunity, and in 1887, twenty-four years
+after it was fought, I, with Colonel Poague, gladly accepted an
+invitation from the survivors of Pickett's division to go with them to
+Gettysburg, whither they had been invited to meet the Philadelphia
+Brigade, as their guests, and go over the battlefield together. After
+our arrival there, in company with two officers of the Philadelphia
+Brigade, one of Pickett's men and an intelligent guide, I drove over the
+field. As a part of our entertainment we saw the Pickett men formed on
+the same ground and in the same order in which they had advanced to the
+charge. Farther on we saw the superb monuments, marking the location
+of the different Federal regiments, presenting the appearance of a vast
+cemetery. The position held by the Federals for defense was perfect. Its
+extent required the whole of the Confederate army present to occupy the
+one line they first adopted, with no troops to spare for flanking. Its
+shape, somewhat like a fish-hook, enabled the Federal army to reinforce
+promptly any part that was even threatened. Its terrain was such that
+the only ground sufficiently smooth for an enemy to advance on, that in
+front of its center, was exposed throughout, not only to missiles from
+its front, but could be raked from the heights on its left. And, in
+addition to all this, the whole face of the country, when the battle was
+fought, was closely intersected with post and rail and stone fences.
+
+[Illustration: EDWARD A. MOORE
+
+(February, 1907)]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIII
+
+AT "THE BOWER"--RETURN TO ORANGE COUNTY, VIRGINIA--BLUE RUN
+CHURCH--BRISTOW STATION--RAPPAHANNOCK BRIDGE--SUPPLEMENTING CAMP RATIONS
+
+
+To return to my retreat from Gettysburg. The clothes that I wore were
+all that I now possessed. My blanket, extra wearing apparel, lard,
+apple-butter, sole-leather, etc., with the wounded, were in the hands of
+the Federals. Being completely cut off from our army, I set out for
+Winchester. Near Martinsburg I passed the night sleeping on the
+ground--my first sleep in sixty hours--and reached Winchester the
+following day. In a day or two, thinking our army had probably reached
+the Potomac, I turned back to join it. On my way thither I called at
+"The Bower," the home of my messmate, Steve Dandridge. This was a
+favorite resort of Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, where, accompanied by the
+celebrated banjoist, Joe Sweeny, merry nights were passed with song and
+dance. I was overwhelmed with kindness by Mr. and Mrs. Dandridge, their
+daughters and nieces. They would not hear of my leaving; at any rate,
+until they had time to make me some undergarments. In the afternoon I
+accompanied the young ladies to the fields blackberrying, and had some
+jolly laughs. They felt that a Confederate soldier should be treated
+like a king, that he must be worn out with marching and fighting. They
+insisted on my sitting in the shade while they gathered and brought me
+the choicest berries, and actually wanted to let the fences down, to
+save me the effort of climbing. At that time I weighed one hundred and
+ninety pounds, was in vigorous health and strength, tough as hickory,
+and could go over or through a Virginia rail fence as deftly as a mule.
+It was some days before our army could recross the Potomac, on account
+of high water. As I rode in, on my return to the battery, I was given a
+regular cheer, all thinking that I was probably, by that time, in Fort
+Delaware.
+
+Our wounded had been captured in Pennsylvania, except Tom Williamson,
+who was left at the toll-house and picked up as our battery came by. As
+he had become my bedfellow since Stuart's death, I was sent with him to
+Winchester, where I cared for him at the home of Mrs. Anne Magill.
+During my stay Randolph Tucker, a brother of Mrs. Magill, and Bishop
+Wilmer, of Alabama, were guests in the house, and Mr. Tucker kept the
+household alive with his songs and jokes. After a week or more in camp,
+near Bunker Hill, our despondent army passed through Winchester, thence
+by Front Royal across the Blue Ridge, and encamped for the remainder of
+the summer in Orange County, with men and horses greatly depleted in
+number and spirits.
+
+Our battery camped at Blue Run Church and near a field of corn. Roasting
+ears afforded the chief portion of our living. It was surprising to see
+how much, in addition to the army rations, a man could consume day after
+day, or rather night after night, with no especial alteration in his
+physique.
+
+Soup was a favorite dish, requiring, as it did, but one vessel for all
+the courses, and the more ingredients it contained, the more it was
+relished. Merrick claimed to be an adept in the culinary art, and
+proposed to several of us that if we would "club in" with him he would
+concoct a pot that would be food for the gods. He was to remain in camp,
+have the water boiling, and the meat sufficiently cooked by the time the
+others returned from their various rounds in search of provender. In due
+time, one after another, the foragers showed up, having been very
+successful in their acquisitions, which, according to Merrick's
+directions, were consigned to the pot. As some fresh contribution, which
+he regarded as especially savory, was added, Merrick's countenance would
+brighten up. At one time he sat quietly musing, then gave expression to
+his joy in an Irish ditty. His handsome suit of clothes, donned at
+Hagerstown, was now in tatters, which made his appearance the more
+ludicrous as he "cut the pigeon-wing" around the seething cauldron. He
+had particularly enjoined upon us, when starting out, to procure, at
+all hazards, some okra, which we failed to get, and, in naming aloud the
+various items, as each appeared on the surface of the water, he wound up
+his soliloquy with, "And now, Lord, for a little okra!"
+
+In September the army moved again toward Manassas, about seventy miles
+distant. When we arrived at Bristow, the next station south of Manassas,
+an engagement had just taken place, in which Gen. A. P. Hill had been
+disastrously outwitted by his adversary, General Warren, and the ground
+was still strewn with our dead. The Federals were drawn up in two lines
+of battle, the one in front being concealed in the railroad-cut, while
+the rear line, with skirmishers in front, stood in full view. The
+Confederates, unaware of the line in the cut, advanced to the attack
+without skirmishers and were terribly cut up by the front line, and
+driven back, with a loss of several pieces of artillery and scores of
+men. The delay caused by this unfortunate affair gave the Federal army
+ample time to withdraw at leisure. General Lee arrived on the scene just
+at the close of this affair and was asked, by General Hill, if he should
+pursue the then retreating Federals. He replied, "No, General Hill; all
+that can now be done is to bury your unfortunate dead."
+
+After this we returned to the west side of the Rappahannock and encamped
+at Pisgah Church, overlooking the plains about Brandy Station. As the
+war was prolonged, Confederate rations proportionately diminished, both
+in quantity and variety. Consequently, to escape the pangs of hunger,
+the few opportunities that presented themselves were gladly seized. In
+the absence of the sportsmen of peace times, game had become quite
+abundant, especially quail. But our "murmurings," if any there were, did
+not avail, as did those of the Israelites, "to fill the camp." I soon
+succeeded in getting an Enfield rifle, a gun not designed for such small
+game. By beating Minie-balls out flat, then cutting the plates into
+square blocks or slugs, I prepared my ammunition, and in the first
+eleven shots killed nine quail on the wing. I was shooting for the pot,
+and shot to kill.
+
+From this camp our battery was ordered to occupy a fort on the west side
+of the river, near Rappahannock Station. Immediately across the river
+Hayes's and Hoke's brigades of Early's division occupied a line of
+breastworks as a picket or outpost. A pontoon bridge (a bridge of
+boats), in place of the railroad bridge, which had been burned, served
+as a crossing. While a dozen or more of our battery were a mile in the
+rear of the fort, getting a supply of firewood, another member of the
+company came to us at a gallop, with orders to return as quickly as
+possible to the fort. On our arrival the indications of an attack from
+the enemy were very apparent. They must have anticipated immense
+slaughter, as no less than a hundred of their ambulances were plainly
+visible. About four P. M. they opened on us with artillery, and from
+that time until sundown a spirited contest was kept up. While this was
+in progress their infantry advanced, but, after a brief but rapid fire
+of musketry, almost perfect quiet was restored.
+
+While working at my gun I received what I thought to be a violent kick
+on the calf of my leg, but, turning to discover whence the blow came,
+saw a Minie-ball spinning on the ground. It was very painful for a time,
+but did not interrupt my service at the gun. It was too dark for us to
+see what was going on across the river, but the sudden and complete
+stillness following the firing was very mysterious. While speculating
+among ourselves as to what it meant, a half-naked infantryman came
+almost breathless into our midst and announced that both brigades had
+been captured, he having escaped by swimming the river. One of our
+lieutenants refused to believe his statement and did the worthy fellow
+cruel injustice in accusing him of skulking. That his story was true
+soon became evident. Our situation was now extremely dangerous, as the
+Federals had only to cross on the pontoon bridge a hundred yards from
+the fort and "gobble us up." About nine o'clock General Early, with his
+other two brigades, arrived. After acquainting himself with the
+surrounding conditions, he asked our batterymen for a volunteer to burn
+the bridge. To accomplish this would involve extreme danger, as the
+moment a light was struck for the purpose a hundred shots could be
+expected from the opposite end, not more than seventy-five yards away.
+However, William Effinger, of Harrisonburg, Virginia, one of our
+cannoneers, promptly volunteered to undertake it; and soon had the
+bridge in flames, the enemy not firing a shot. For this gallant and
+daring act, Effinger, after a long time, received a lieutenant's
+commission and was assigned to another branch of the service.
+
+From this perilous situation we came off surprisingly well, but lost
+Robert Bell, of Winchester, Virginia. He was struck by a large piece of
+shell, which passed through his body. During the hour he survived, his
+companions who could leave their posts went to say good-by. He was a
+brave soldier and a modest, unassuming gentleman as well. The Federals,
+satisfied with the capture of the two celebrated brigades without loss
+to themselves, withdrew--and again we returned to the vicinity of Brandy
+Station.
+
+In an artillery company two sentinels are kept on post--one to see after
+the guns and ammunition, the other to catch and tie loose horses or
+extricate them when tangled in their halters, and the like. Merrick's
+name and mine, being together on the roll, we were frequently on guard
+at the same time, and, to while away the tedious hours of the night,
+would seek each other's company. Our turn came while in this camp one
+dark, chilly night; the rain falling fast and the wind moaning through
+the leafless woods. As we stood near a fitful fire, Merrick, apparently
+becoming oblivious of the dismal surroundings, began to sing. He played
+the rôle of a lover serenading his sweetheart, opening with some lively
+air to attract her attention. The pattering of the rain he construed as
+her tread to the lattice; then poured forth his soul in deepest pathos
+(the progress of his suit being interpreted, aside, to me), and again
+fixed his gaze on the imaginary window. Each sound made by the storm he
+explained as some recognition: the creaking of a bent tree was the
+gentle opening of the casement, and the timely falling of a bough broken
+by the wind was a bouquet thrown to his eager grasp, over which he went
+into raptures. Whether the inspiration was due to a taste of some
+stimulant or to his recurring moods of intense imagination, I could not
+say, but the performance was genuinely artistic.
+
+During the last night of our sojourn in this camp I had another
+experience of as fully absorbing interest. A very tough piece of beef
+(instead of quail) for supper proved more than my digestive organs could
+stand. After retiring to my bunk several sleepless hours passed
+wrestling with my burden. About one o'clock, the struggle being over,
+with an intense feeling of comfort I was falling into a sound sleep when
+I heard, in the distance, the shrill note of a bugle, then another and
+another, as camp after camp was invaded by urgent couriers; then our own
+bugle took up the alarm and sounded the call to hitch up. Meantime,
+drums were rolling, till the hitherto stillness of night had become a
+din of noise. We packed up and pulled out through the woods in the dark,
+with gun No. 1, to which I belonged, the rear one of the battery. A
+small bridge, spanning a ditch about five feet deep, had been passed
+over safely by the other guns and caissons in front, but when my
+gun-carriage was midway on it the whole structure collapsed. The
+struggle the detachment of men and horses underwent during the rest of
+this night of travail constituted still another feature of the
+vicissitudes of "merry war." Fortunately for us, Lieut. Jack Jordan was
+in charge, and, as Rockbridge men can testify, any physical difficulty
+that could not be successfully overcome by a Jordan, where men and
+horses were involved, might well be despaired of.
+
+After reaching the Rapidan, a day was spent skirmishing with the enemy's
+artillery on the hills beyond. After which both sides withdrew--we to
+our former camps.
+
+A short time thereafter I called on my old friends of the College
+company, whom we seldom met since our severance from the Stonewall
+Brigade. Two of these college boys, Tedford Barclay and George Chapin,
+told me that a recent provision had been announced, to the effect that a
+commission would be granted to any private who should perform some act
+of conspicuous gallantry in battle, and they had each resolved to earn
+the offered reward, and to be privates no longer. They were tired of
+carrying muskets and cartridge-boxes; and, in the next fight, as they
+expressed it, they had determined to be "distinguished or extinguished."
+
+The determined manner with which it was said impressed me, so that I
+awaited results with interest. A fortnight had not elapsed before their
+opportunity came, and they proved true to their resolve. Under a galling
+fire their regiment hesitated to advance, when the two lads pushed to
+the front of the line of battle and climbed an intervening fence. Chapin
+was killed, and Barclay, who survives to this day, received for his
+daring courage the promised commission as lieutenant.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIV
+
+BATTLE OF MINE RUN--MARCH TO FREDERICK'S HALL--WINTER-QUARTERS--SOCIAL
+AFFAIRS--AGAIN TO THE FRONT--NARROW ESCAPE FROM CAPTURE BY GENERAL
+DAHLGREN--FURLOUGHS--CADETS RETURN FROM NEW MARKET--SPOTTSYLVANIA AND
+THE WILDERNESS--RETURN TO ARMY AT HANOVER JUNCTION--PANIC AT NIGHT
+
+
+The movement in which we were next engaged included the battle of Mine
+Run, which has been designated by a military critic as "a campaign of
+strategy," an account of which is, therefore, not within my province.
+The Federals on this occasion did most of the marching and, after
+crossing the Rapidan at several different fords, were confronted not far
+from our quarters at Mine Run, in Orange County. After breaking camp our
+first intimation that a battle was expected was the invariable profusion
+of playing-cards along the road. I never saw or heard of a Bible or
+prayer-book being cast aside at such a time, but cards were always
+thrown away by soldiers going into battle.
+
+After a spirited engagement between Johnson's division and Warren's
+corps, the Federals lost time sufficient for the Confederates to
+construct a formidable line of breastworks. The position occupied by our
+battery was in the midst of a brigade of North Carolinians who had seen
+some service in their own State, but had never participated in a real
+battle. From a Federal shell, which burst some distance overhead, a thin
+piece twirled downward and fell like a leaf within a few feet of our
+gun. I saw one of their lieutenants, who was lying in the trench, eye it
+suspiciously, then creep out and pick it up. Presently the colonel of
+his regiment passed along and the lieutenant said, as he held up the
+trophy, "Colonel, just look at this. I was lying right _here_, and it
+fell right _there_." This brigade had no occasion to test its mettle
+until the following spring, but then, in the great battle of
+Spottsylvania, it fought gallantly and lost its general--Gary--who was
+killed.
+
+Naturally, after such a determined advance on the part of the Federals,
+a general attack was expected; but, after spending two days threatening
+different portions of our lines, they withdrew in the night, leaving
+only men sufficient to keep their camp-fires burning for a time, as a
+ruse. The road along which we followed them for some miles was strewn at
+intervals with feathers from the beds of the people whose houses they
+had ransacked.
+
+It was now October, and the chilly autumn nights suggested retiring to
+more comfortable surroundings. Our battalion of artillery was ordered
+to Frederick's Hall, on the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, about fifty
+miles from Richmond. In this neighborhood there were quite a number of
+nice people, whose society and hospitality afforded those of us so
+inclined much agreeable entertainment. A white paper-collar became no
+unusual sight, but when two of our members appeared one afternoon
+adorned with blue cravats a sensation was created.
+
+A member of our battery returned from a visit to a family of former
+acquaintances some twelve miles from camp, and brought an invitation for
+some of his friends to accompany him on his next visit. Soon thereafter
+four of us went, through a drizzling rain, I riding a blind horse, the
+others on foot. Night overtook us soon after leaving camp, and when,
+within a mile of our destination, we asked at a house by the roadside
+for directions as to the way, a gruff voice informed us that an
+intervening creek was too high to cross, and insisted on our coming in
+and spending the night. We declined this, and the man said, "Well, I'll
+send a negro boy with you; but you'll have to come back," which proved
+to be the case. On our return we were boisterously welcomed. A blazing
+fire of dry pine soon lit up the room, with its clean, bare floor, and
+disclosed the figure of our host--Peter Johnson by name--a stout, burly
+man, clad in homespun and a fur cap. He said his wife and children had
+been "a-bed" since dark, were tired of his jokes, and that he was
+delighted to have a fresh audience; that it was past supper-time and
+some hours before breakfast, but that fasting was nothing new to
+Confederate soldiers. The names of two of our party, McCorkle and
+McClintic, he said, were too long and that he would call them Cockle and
+Flint, but before proceeding further he would give us some music.
+Forthwith he produced a short flute, took a seat on the foot of the
+stairs (in the far corner of the room), and played "The Devil's Dream,"
+"The Arkansas Traveler," etc., beating time with his foot.
+
+Here we passed the night in comfortable beds and, after a bountiful
+breakfast, left with a pressing invitation to return for a rabbit-chase
+with his hounds, which we gladly accepted and afterward enjoyed. This
+was typical of eastern Virginia and her hospitable, whole-souled
+"Tuckahoes," whose houses were never too full for them to hail a
+passer-by and compel him to come in. This interruption detracted nothing
+from the pleasure of the visit for which we had originally set out.
+
+A short time after our return to Frederick's Hall our whole artillery
+command narrowly escaped capture by a band of cavalry raiders under
+command of Colonel Dahlgren. About fifty of the cannoneers of the
+battalion had been furnished with muskets and regularly exercised in the
+infantry drill. When the raiders arrived within a mile of our
+winter-quarters they inquired of the country people as to the character
+of troops occupying our camp, and were informed by some negroes that the
+"men had muskets with bayonets on them." As infantry was not what they
+were seeking, they gave us the go-by and passed on toward Richmond, the
+capture of which was the chief object of the expedition. In the attack
+on Richmond, which occurred in the night, Dahlgren was killed and his
+command defeated with heavy loss.
+
+Encouraged by the visit already mentioned, I accompanied my friend, Tom
+Williamson, on a visit by rail to his relations, the Garnetts, near
+Hanover Junction; thence, after spending the night, to some friends in
+Caroline County. On our return to camp we found preparations on foot for
+a move to the front, and although we left camp by eleven o'clock that
+night not more than three or four miles was traveled by daylight. In the
+darkness one of our twenty-pounders went over a thirty-foot embankment,
+carrying the drivers and eight horses into the mud and water at its
+base.
+
+While on the march later in the day, to save distance, I undertook to
+pass near a house, in the yard of which were two men with a large
+Newfoundland dog. A smaller dog, chained to the corner of the house,
+broke loose as I passed and viciously seized the tail of my overcoat.
+Instantly, to my dismay, the large dog left the men and dashed straight
+for me; but, instead of rending me, knocked my assailant heels over head
+and held him down until secured by the men and chained.
+
+Before reaching the front, it was learned that we had been called out on
+a false alarm. Our return to Frederick's Hall was by a more circuitous
+route, near which was an establishment where apple-brandy was for sale.
+The stock had been heavily watered, and the price of shares (in a
+drink), even then, too far above par for eleven dollars a month to
+afford scarcely more than a smell. However, after reaching camp, more
+than ordinary wrestling and testing of strength were indulged in.
+
+Two years had elapsed since any furloughs had been given, except to the
+sick and wounded. The granting of them was now revived, and those who
+had been longest from home were, of course, to be served first. My turn
+came in March. I shall never forget the impression made on me as I sat
+at the supper-table at home, on the evening of my arrival. My father,
+mother, sisters, and little niece were present; and, after the noise,
+loud talking, etc., in camp, the quiet was painful. It was just as it
+had always been, except the vacant places of the boys at the front;
+still, I felt that something was wrong. Equally as impressive was the
+mild diet of cold bread, milk, and weak-looking tea. The effect was the
+same as that produced by a sudden transition from a low to a high
+altitude, or vice versa, requiring time for adaptation, as I soon
+experienced. My fifteen days' leave of absence having expired, I
+returned to camp.
+
+To induce the boys who were under age, and still at home, to enlist, a
+thirty-day furlough was offered to every soldier who would secure a
+recruit for the service. By this means many boys of only fifteen or
+sixteen years joined the army, to enable a long-absent kinsman to get
+home. McClintic, of my mess, got this furlough by the enlistment of his
+brother, and while at home drummed up the son of a neighbor, William
+Barger, whom he brought back with him to repeat the operation. To
+allowing this second furlough the authorities, right or wrong, objected.
+The matter was compromised by McClintic very generously assigning the
+young recruit to my credit, by which I got the furlough.
+
+Before my return to the army, at the expiration of the thirty days, the
+Grant campaign had opened and the great battles of the Wilderness and
+Spottsylvania had been fought. Our battery had escaped without serious
+loss, as the character of the country afforded little opportunity for
+the use of artillery. From Staunton I traveled on a freight train with
+the cadets of the Virginia Military Institute and their professors, who
+were now the conspicuous heroes of the hour, having just won immortal
+fame in their charge, on May 15, at New Market. Among the professors was
+my friend and former messmate, Frank Preston, with an empty sleeve, now
+captain of a cadet company, and Henry A. Wise, Jr., who took command of
+the cadets after the wounding of Colonel Shipp, their commandant.
+
+Our army was now near Hanover Junction, twenty-five miles from Richmond,
+and engaged in its death struggle with Grant's countless legions. If
+any one period of the four years of the war were to be selected as an
+example of Southern endurance and valor, it probably should be the
+campaign from the Wilderness, beginning May 5 and closing a month later
+at Petersburg, in which the Confederate army, numbering 64,000
+half-clothed, half-fed men, successfully resisted a splendidly equipped
+army of 140,000--inflicting a loss of 60,000 killed and wounded.
+
+Much has been said and written concerning the comparative equipment,
+etc., of the two armies. A striking reference to it I heard in a
+conversation at General Lee's home in Lexington after the war. Of the
+students who attended Washington College during his presidency he always
+requested a visit to himself whenever they returned to the town. With
+this request they were very ready to comply. While performing this
+pleasant duty one evening, during a visit to my old home in Lexington,
+Mrs. Lee, sitting in her invalid-chair, was discoursing to me,
+feelingly, on the striking contrast between the ragged clothing worn by
+Confederate soldiers as compared with that worn by the Federals, as she
+had seen the Federal troops entering Richmond after its evacuation. The
+General, who was pacing the floor, paused for a moment, his eye lighting
+up, and, at the conclusion of her remarks, said, as he inclined forward
+with that superb grace, "But, ah! Mistress Lee, we gave them some
+awfully hard knocks, with all of our rags!"
+
+After parting with my cadet friends at Hanover Junction, soon after
+day-dawn, I readily found our battery bivouacking in sight of the
+station. Some of the men were lying asleep; those who had risen seemed
+not yet fully awake. All looked ten years older than when I had bidden
+them good-by a month before--hollow-eyed, unwashed, jaded, and hungry;
+paper-collars and blue neckties shed and forgotten. The contents of my
+basket (boxes were now obsolete), consisting of pies sweetened with
+sorghum molasses, and other such edibles, were soon devoured, and I
+reported "returned for duty." In a few hours we were on the road to
+Richmond, with the prospect of another sojourn in the surrounding
+swamps.
+
+On the night of June 1 our battery was bivouacked in the edge of a dense
+piece of woods, the guns being parked in open ground just outside, while
+the men were lying in the leaves, with the horses tied among them. About
+midnight one of the horses became tangled in his halter and fell to the
+ground, struggling and kicking frantically to free himself. A man close
+by, being startled from sleep, began halloaing, "Whoa, whoa, whoa!" The
+alarm was taken up by one after another as each roused from slumber,
+increasing and spreading the noise and confusion; by this time the
+horses had joined in, pawing and snorting in terror, completing the
+reign of pandemonium. As darkness prevented successful running, some
+of the men climbed trees or clung to them for protection, while the
+sentinel over the guns in the open broke from his beat, supposing
+Grant's cavalry was upon us. In a space of two minutes all suddenly
+became still, the climbers stealthily slid from their trees, and others
+gingerly picked their way back to their lairs, "ashamed as men who flee
+in battle." For some time, as the cause and absurdity of the incident
+was realized, there issued now and then from a pile of leaves a chuckle
+of suppressed laughter.
+
+[Illustration: EDWARD H. HYDE
+
+(Color-bearer)]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXV
+
+SECOND COLD HARBOR--WOUNDED--RETURN HOME--REFUGEEING FROM HUNTER
+
+
+After spending the following day and night in "Camp Panic," we moved
+forward early on the morning of June 3 to the field of the memorable
+second Cold Harbor. Minie-balls were rapping against the trees as we
+drove through a copse of small timber to occupy a temporary redoubt in
+the line of breastworks beyond. While the guns halted briefly before
+driving in to unlimber, I walked forward to see what was in front. The
+moment I came into view a Minie-ball sung by my head and passed through
+the clothes of the cannoneer, Barton McCrum, who was a few steps from
+me, suggesting to both of us to lie low until called for as videttes.
+Perched in the tops of the trees beyond the half-mile of open field in
+our front, the enemy's sharpshooters, with telescope sights on their
+rifles, blazed away at every moving object along our line. It was noon
+before their artillery opened on us, and, in the firing which ensued, a
+large barn a hundred yards in our front was set on fire by a shell and
+burned to the ground.
+
+An hour or two later, during this brisk cannonade, I, being No. 3,
+stood with my thumb on the vent as the gun was being loaded. From a
+shell which exploded a few yards in front I was struck on the breast by
+the butt-end, weighing not less than three pounds, and at the same time
+by a smaller piece on the thigh. After writhing for a time I was
+accompanied to our surgeon in the rear. The brass button on my jacket,
+which I still have as a memento, was cut almost in two and the shirt
+button underneath driven to the breast-bone, besides other smaller
+gashes. A large contusion was made by the blow on my thigh, and my
+clothing was very much torn. After my wounds had been dressed I passed
+the night at the quarters of my friend and fellow-townsman, Capt.
+Charles Estill, of the Ordnance Department, who already had in charge
+his brother Jack, wounded in a cavalry engagement the day before.
+
+An hour after dark, as I sat by the light of a camp-fire, enjoying the
+relief and rest, as well as the agreeable company of old friends, the
+rattle of musketry two miles away had gradually increased into the
+proportions of a fierce battle. The feelings of one honorably out of
+such a conflict, but listening in perfect security, may be better
+imagined than described. This, like a curfew bell, signaled the close of
+a day of frightful and probably unparalleled carnage. Within the space
+of a single hour in the forenoon the Federal army had been three times
+repulsed with a loss of thirteen thousand men killed and wounded; after
+which their troops firmly refused to submit themselves to further
+butchery. This statement is made on the evidence of Northern historians.
+
+After a night's rest I was sent to Richmond, where I received a transfer
+to a hospital in Staunton. Sheridan's cavalry having interrupted travel
+over the Virginia Central Railroad, I went by rail to Lynchburg, via the
+Southside Road, with Captain Semmes and eight or ten cadets on their
+return to Lexington with artillery horses pressed into service.
+Learning, in Lynchburg, that Hunter's army was near Staunton, I
+continued with the cadets, riding one of their artillery horses, but was
+too much exhausted to proceed far, and stopped for the night on the way.
+Here I learned from refugees that Hunter was advancing toward Lexington.
+As the whole country seemed now to be overrun by the Federals, to avoid
+them was very difficult.
+
+I resumed my journey toward home, frequently meeting acquaintances who
+were seeking safety elsewhere. When within four or five miles of the
+town, while ascending a long hill, I heard the sound of a drum and fife
+not far ahead. Presently I recognized the tune played to be "Yankee
+Doodle." I could not believe it to be the vanguard of Hunter's army, but
+what on earth could it be? However, at the top of the hill I saw a train
+of refugee wagons preceded by two negroes who were making the music.
+
+I remained at home only a day and a night, at the expiration of which
+time General McCausland (the first captain of our battery) with his
+brigade of cavalry was within a mile of town, closely pursued by
+Hunter's whole army. I spent half of the night assisting my mother and
+the servants (our slaves) to conceal from the marauders what flour,
+bacon, etc., the family still had; and before sunrise the next morning
+set out, mounted on my father's horse, for a safer place. By this time
+my wounds had become very painful, and my leg had turned a dark blue
+color from the thigh to the knee.
+
+A brief account of my experience while refugeeing may be of interest, as
+it will give an idea of the horror with which our non-combatants
+regarded the invasion of their homes by our fellow-countrymen of the
+North, who had now resorted to fire, after learning by bitter experience
+that the sword alone could not restore us to the blessings of the Union.
+
+My destination was the home of my aunt, Mrs. Allen, forty miles distant,
+in Bedford County. After passing through the gap between the two peaks
+of Otter, I reached my aunt's and found there three officers from
+Louisiana recovering from wounds. After a respite of two days one of the
+officers, on his return from a neighbor's, brought information that
+McCausland's command was approaching through the mountain-pass, with
+Hunter in close pursuit. In a few hours our house of refuge was overrun
+by McCausland's hungry soldiers. Again I went through the process of
+helping to hide valuables and packing up what was to be hauled away. I
+started at dawn next morning with the officers, leaving my aunt and her
+three daughters very forlorn and unprotected. When I left she gave me
+the pistol which her son Robert, colonel of the Twenty-eighth Virginia
+Regiment, was wearing when he fell in Pickett's charge at Gettysburg. In
+our care were the loaded wagons, negro men, lowing cows, and bleating
+sheep.
+
+That afternoon, after exchanging my gray for a fleet-footed cavalry
+horse ridden by one of the officers, I rode back from our place of
+hiding, some miles south of Liberty, to reconnoiter; but, after passing
+through the town, met General McCausland at the head of his brigade
+falling back toward Lynchburg, and rode back a short distance with him
+to return to my party of refugees, who meantime had moved farther on.
+Next day I stopped at a house by the wayside to get dinner, and had just
+taken my seat at the table when there arose a great commotion outside,
+with cries of "Yankee cavalry! Yankee cavalry!" Stepping to the door, I
+saw a stream of terrified school-children crying as they ran by, and
+refugees flying for the woods. In a moment I was on my fleet-footed dun,
+not taking time to pick up a biscuit of my untasted dinner nor the
+pillow worn between my crippled leg and the saddle, and joined in the
+flight. I had noticed a yearling colt in the yard of the house as I
+entered, and in five minutes after I started a twelve-year-old boy
+mounted on the little thing, barebacked, shot by me with the speed of a
+greyhound. A hundred yards farther on I overtook some refugee wagons
+from about Lexington, whose owners had left them on the road and betaken
+themselves to the woods; but there still stood by them a mulatto man of
+our town--Lindsay Reid by name--who indignantly refused to be routed,
+and was doing his utmost, with voice and example, to stem the tide,
+saying, "It is a shame to fear anything; let's stand and give them a
+fight!"
+
+A moment later a negro boy rode by at a gallop in the direction from
+which the alarm came. In reply to the inquiry as to where he was going,
+he called out, "After Marse William." Relying on him as a picket, I
+remained in view of the road. In ten minutes he appeared, returning at
+full speed, and called out to me, as he rode up, that he had "run almost
+into them." They were close behind, and I must "fly or be caught." I was
+well alongside of him as he finished the warning, and for half a mile
+our horses ran neck and neck. He said he would take me to his old
+master's, an out-of-the-way place, several miles distant. Arriving
+there, a nice country house and very secluded, I concealed my horse in
+the woods as best I could and went to the house, where I was welcomed
+and cared for by two young ladies and their aged father, Mr. Hurt, who
+was blind. I was now much exhausted, and determined to take a rest, with
+the chances of being captured. The occasion of the alarm was a body of
+Federal cavalry which had been sent on a raid to meet Hunter's army,
+advancing on Lynchburg.
+
+After two days in this quiet abode I set out to make my way past the
+rear of Hunter's army and eventually to reach home. On the way to
+Liberty I was informed that a train of Hunter's wagons and many negroes,
+under a cavalry escort, were then passing northward through the town. To
+satisfy myself (being again mounted on my father's gray) I rode to the
+top of a hill overlooking the place. Then a strikingly pretty young lady
+of about sixteen, bareheaded (although it was not then the fashion), and
+almost out of breath, who had seen me coming into danger, ran to meet me
+and called, "For God's sake, fly; the town is full of Yankees!" Many
+years after the war a lady friend of Norfolk, Virginia, who was
+refugeeing in Liberty at the time, told me that she had witnessed the
+incident, and said that the girl who had run out to warn me had
+afterward married a Federal officer. I then went around the town and
+crossed the road a mile west of it, learning that the wagon-train, etc.,
+had all passed.
+
+From this place on, throughout the territory over which this patriotic
+army had operated, were the desolated homes of helpless people, stripped
+of every valuable they possessed, and outraged at the wanton destruction
+of their property, scarcely knowing how to repair the damage or to take
+up again their broken fortunes. Night had now fallen, but a bright moon
+rather added to the risks of continuing my journey. An old negro man,
+however, kindly agreed to pilot me through fields and woods, avoiding
+the highways, "as far as Colonel Nichol's" (his master's). When near his
+destination he went ahead to reconnoiter, and soon returned from the
+house, accompanied by one of the ladies, who told me that their house
+and premises had been overrun by Yankees all day, and that some of them
+were still prowling about, and, in her fright, pointed to each bush as
+an armed foe.
+
+Camp-fires still burning enabled me to steer clear of the road, but it
+was midnight when I reached my aunt's, and, going to the negro cabin
+farthest from her dwelling, I succeeded, after a long time, in getting
+"Uncle" Mose to venture out of his door. He said he thought the Yankees
+were all gone, but to wait till he crept up to the house and let "Ole
+Miss" know I was about. He reported the way clear, and I was soon in the
+side porch. After the inmates were satisfied as to my identity, the door
+was opened just enough for me to squeeze through. The family, consisting
+of females, including the overseer's wife, who had come for protection,
+quietly collected in the sitting-room, where a tallow candle, placed not
+to attract attention from outside, shed a dim light over my ghostlike
+companions clad in their night-dresses. The younger ladies were almost
+hysterical, and all looked as if they had passed through a fearful storm
+at sea, as various experiences were recounted. The house had been
+ransacked from garret to cellar, and what could not be devoured or
+carried off was scattered about, and such things as sugar, vinegar,
+flour, salt, etc., conglomerately mixed. The only food that escaped was
+what the negroes had in their cabins, and this they freely divided with
+the whites.
+
+The next day I concealed myself and horse in the woods, and was lying
+half-asleep when I heard footsteps stealthily approaching through the
+leaves. Presently a half-grown negro, carrying a small basket, stumbled
+almost on me. He drew back, startled at my question, "What do you want?"
+and replied, "Nothin'; I jus' gwine take 'Uncle' Mose he dinner. He
+workin' in de fiel' over yander." My dinner was to be sent by a boy
+named Phil, so I said, "Is that you, Phil?" "Lordy! Is that you, Marse
+Eddie? I thought you was a Yankee! Yas, dis is me, and here's yer dinner
+I done brung yer." Phil, who belonged to my aunt, had run off several
+weeks before, but of his own accord had returned the preceding day, and
+this was our first meeting.
+
+As Hunter's army was still threatening Lynchburg, to avoid the
+scouting-parties scouring the country in his rear I set out on Sunday
+morning to make my way back to Lexington by Peteet's Gap. I was scarcely
+out of sight--in fact one of my cousins, as I learned afterward, ran to
+the porch to assure herself that I was gone--when twenty-five or thirty
+Federal cavalry, accompanied by a large, black dog, and guided by one of
+my aunt's negroes armed and dressed in Federal uniform, galloped into
+the yard and searched the house for "rebel soldiers." Passing through
+the Federal campground, from among the numerous household articles,
+etc., I picked up a book, on the fly-leaf of which was written,
+"Captured at Washington College, Lexington, _Rockingham_ County,
+Virginia." That afternoon, as I was slowly toiling up the steep mountain
+path almost overgrown with ferns, I was stopped by an old, white-bearded
+mountaineer at a small gate which he held open for me. While asking for
+the news, after I had dismounted, he noticed the split button on my coat
+and my torn trousers, and, pausing for a moment, he said, very solemnly,
+"Well, you ought to be a mighty good young man." I asked why he thought
+so. "Well," said he, "the hand of God has certainly been around you."
+
+That night I spent at Judge Anderson's, in Arnold's Valley, and the next
+day reached Lexington--a very different Lexington from the one I had
+left a fortnight before. The Virginia Military Institute barracks, the
+professors' houses, and Governor Letcher's private home had been burned,
+and also all neighboring mills, etc., while the intervening and adjacent
+grounds were one great desolate common. Preparations had also been made
+to burn Washington College, when my father, who was a trustee of that
+institution, called on General Hunter, and, by explaining that it was
+endowed by and named in honor of General Washington, finally succeeded
+in preventing its entire destruction, although much valuable apparatus,
+etc., had already been destroyed.
+
+Comparisons are odious, but the contrast between the conduct of Northern
+and Southern soldiers during their invasions of each other's territory
+is very striking and suggestive; especially when taken in connection
+with the fact that the Federal army, from first to last, numbered
+twenty-eight hundred thousand men, and the Confederates not more than
+six hundred and fifty thousand.
+
+General Early, with three divisions, having been despatched from the
+army near Richmond, had reached Lynchburg in time to prevent its
+occupancy by Hunter, who promptly retreated, and his army soon became a
+mass of fugitives, struggling through the mountains of West Virginia on
+to the Ohio River. The Confederates at Lynchburg, all told, numbered
+11,000 men, the Federals 20,000.
+
+An incident which occurred in Rockbridge County, the participants in
+which were of the "cradle and grave" classes, deserves mention. Maj.
+Angus McDonald, aged seventy, having four sons in our army, set out from
+Lexington with his fourteen-year-old son Harry, refugeeing. They were
+joined, near the Natural Bridge, by Mr. Thomas Wilson, a white-haired
+old man; and the three determined to give battle to Hunter's army. From
+a hastily constructed shelter of rails and stones they opened, with
+shotguns and pistols, on his advance guard, but, of course, were
+quickly overpowered. Mr. Wilson was left for dead on the ground, and the
+McDonalds captured. The father was taken to a Northern prison, but Harry
+made his escape by night in the mountains, and in turn captured a
+Federal soldier, whom I saw him turn over to the provost on his return
+to Lexington. General Early pursued Hunter no farther than Botetourt
+County, and thence passed through Lexington on his disastrous campaign
+toward Washington.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVI
+
+PERSONAL MENTION OF OFFICERS AND MEN--ROCKBRIDGE ARTILLERY--SECOND
+ROCKBRIDGE ARTILLERY
+
+
+As has already been mentioned, the captain under whom the battery was
+mustered into service was the Rev. Wm. N. Pendleton, rector of the
+Episcopal Church in Lexington, Virginia, who, after the first battle of
+Manassas, became chief of artillery of the Army of Northern Virginia.
+His only son, Alexander S. Pendleton, graduated at Washington College at
+the age of 18. He entered the army from the University of Virginia at
+the beginning of the war as lieutenant on General Jackson's staff, and
+rose through the various grades of promotion to the rank of
+lieutenant-colonel. After General Jackson's death he continued to fill
+the position of adjutant to the succeeding commanders of the corps until
+he fell in battle near Winchester, in 1864. He was one of the bravest
+and most efficient staff officers in the Army of Northern Virginia.
+
+The captains of the battery under whom I served were three uncommonly
+brave and capable officers.
+
+The first, William McLaughlin, after making an enviable record with the
+company, distinguished himself as commander of a battalion of artillery
+in General Early's company in 1864.
+
+The second, Captain W. T. Poague, whose reputation for efficiency and
+courage won for him the command of a battalion of artillery in A. P.
+Hill's corps, was amply equipped with both intelligence and valor to
+have handled an army division with credit to himself and advantage to
+the service.
+
+The third, Archibald Graham, who was appointed a sergeant upon the
+organization of the company, then elected a lieutenant, and for the last
+two years of the war captain, had the distinction of having been in
+every engagement in which the battery took part from Hainesville, in
+1861, to Appomattox in 1865. His dreamy, brown eyes kindled most at the
+sound of good music, and where the noise of battle was greatest, and
+shells flew thickest, there Graham lingered, as if courting danger.
+
+Our First Lieut. W. M. Brown, a brave officer, wounded and captured at
+Gettysburg, remained in prison from that time until the close of the
+war.
+
+Lieut. J. B. McCorkle, a noble fellow and recklessly brave, was killed
+at first Fredericksburg.
+
+As stated in this paper, besides those regularly enrolled in the company
+were men who did more or less service with it, but whose names do not
+appear on the roll. For example, Bernard Wolfe, of Martinsburg, served
+in this capacity for a time previous to and in the first battle of
+Manassas, and later became major of commissary on General Pendleton's
+staff.
+
+Chapman Maupin, of Charlottesville, son of Professor Maupin, of the
+University of Virginia, served during part of the campaign of 1862, was
+with the battery in several battles, and enlisted afterward in the
+Signal Corps.
+
+That so many intelligent and educated men from outside of Rockbridge
+were attracted to this company was primarily due to the fact that the
+Rev. W. N. Pendleton, its captain until after first Manassas, was a
+graduate of West Point and was widely known as a clergyman and educator.
+After his promotion the character of the company itself accomplished the
+same effect.
+
+Of the names on the roll there were four A. M.'s and a score of students
+of the University of Virginia. There were at least twenty graduates of
+Washington College, and as many undergraduates, and many graduates and
+students of other colleges.
+
+Among the privates in the company was a son and namesake of General R.
+E. Lee, whose presence in such a capacity was characteristic of his
+noble father, when it seemed so natural and surely the custom to have
+provided him with a commission. That the son should have the instincts
+and attributes of a soldier was not surprising; but, with these
+inherited gifts, his individuality, in which uniform cheerfulness,
+consideration for others, and enjoyment of fun were prominent features,
+won for him the esteem and affection of his comrades. When it fell to
+his lot, as a cannoneer, to supply temporarily the place of a sick or
+wounded driver, he handled and cared for his horses as diligently and
+with as much pride as when firing a gun.
+
+Two sons of Ex-President Tyler, one of whom--Gardiner--represented his
+district in Congress.
+
+A son of Commodore Porter, of the United States Navy.
+
+Walter and Joseph Packard, descendants of Charles Lee, who was a brother
+of Light-Horse Harry Lee.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The beautiful character of Randolph Fairfax, a descendant of Lord
+Fairfax, who was killed on December 13, 1862, on that fatal hill near
+Fredericksburg, has been worthily portrayed in a memoir by the Rev.
+Philip Slaughter. More than ten thousand copies of this memoir were
+distributed through the army at the expense of General Lee, Gen. J. E.
+B. Stuart, and other officers and men, and no better idea of the exalted
+character of young Fairfax can be conveyed, than by extracts copied from
+this little volume:
+
+"'REV. P. SLAUGHTER.
+
+"'DEAR SIR: Please receive enclosed a contribution ($100) to the very
+laudable work alluded to in church by you to-day. It is very desirable
+to place the example of Private Randolph Fairfax before every soldier
+of the army. I am particularly desirous that my command should have the
+advantage of such a Christian light to guide them on their way. How
+invincible would an army of such men be!--men who never murmur and who
+never flinch!
+
+   "'Very truly yours,
+   "'J. E. B. STUART.'
+
+"Berkeley Minor says:
+
+"'I knew Randolph Fairfax at the University quite well, but not so
+intimately as I did after he joined this company (the Rockbridge
+Battery). For several months before his death I was his messmate and
+bedfellow, and was able to note more fully the tone of earnest piety
+that pervaded his words and actions. He was unselfish, modest, and
+uniformly kind and considerate to all. If there was one trait in him
+more striking than others, it was his calm, earnest, trustful demeanor
+in time of battle, resulting, I believe, from his abiding trust in the
+providence and love of God. Many fine young men have been removed by
+death from this company, yet I do not think that any has been more
+deeply lamented than he.'
+
+"Joseph Packard, another of his comrades, writes:
+
+"'His cheerful courage, his coolness and steadiness, made him
+conspicuous in every battlefield. At the battle of Malvern Hill, where
+he had received a wound which nine men out of ten would have considered
+an excuse for retiring from the awful scene, he persisted in remaining
+at his post, and did the work of two until the battery had left the
+field. But it was in the bearing, more than in the daring, of the
+soldier's life that his lovely character displayed itself. He never
+avoided the most trying and irksome duties. If he had selfishness, those
+who knew him long and well as schoolmates and comrades never discerned
+it. More than once I have heard his beautiful Christian example spoken
+of by irreligious comrades. Bitter and inexplicable as may be the
+Providence which has removed one so full of promise of good to his
+fellows, I feel that we may thank God that we have been permitted to
+witness a life so Christ-like terminated by a death so noble.'
+
+"Captain Poague, commanding the Rockbridge Battery, says in a letter to
+his father:
+
+"'In simple justice to your son, I desire to express my high
+appreciation of his noble character as a soldier, a Christian, and
+gentleman. Modest and courteous in his deportment, charitable and
+unselfish in his disposition, cheerful and conscientious in his
+performance of duty, and upright and consistent in his walk and
+conversation, he was a universal favorite in the company, and greatly
+beloved by his friends. I don't think I have ever known a young man
+whose life was so free from the frailties of human nature, and whose
+character in all aspects formed so faultless a model for the imitation
+of others. Had his influence been restricted to the silent power and
+beauty of his example, his life on earth, short as it was, would not
+have been in vain. The name of Randolph Fairfax will not soon be
+forgotten by his comrades, and his family may be assured that there are
+many who, strangers as they are, deeply sympathize with them in their
+bereavement.'
+
+"The following from General Lee will be a fit climax to the foregoing
+tributes:
+
+"'CAMP FREDERICKSBURG, December 28, 1862.
+
+"'MY DEAR DOCTOR: I have grieved most deeply at the death of your noble
+son. I have watched his conduct from the commencement of the war, and
+have pointed with pride to the patriotism, self-denial, and manliness of
+character he has exhibited. I had hoped that an opportunity would have
+occurred for the promotion he deserved; not that it would have elevated
+him, but have shown that his devotion to duty was appreciated by his
+country. Such an opportunity would undoubtedly have occurred; but he has
+been translated to a better world for which his purity and his piety
+have eminently fitted him. You do not require to be told how great his
+gain. It is the living for whom I sorrow. I beg you will offer to Mrs.
+Fairfax and your daughters my heartfelt sympathy, for I know the depth
+of their grief. That God may give you and them strength to bear this
+great affliction is the earnest prayer of your early friend,
+
+   "'R. E. LEE.'
+   "'Dr. Orlando Fairfax.'"
+
+[Illustration: RANDOLPH FAIRFAX]
+
+A son and two nephews of Hon. A. R. Boteler.
+
+A son of Governor Gilmer, of Virginia.
+
+S. H. Letcher, brother of War-Governor John Letcher.
+
+Mercer Otey, graduate of Virginia Military Institute and son of Bishop
+Otey, of Tennessee.
+
+Launcelot M. Blackford, A. M., of University of Virginia, who became
+adjutant of the Twenty-sixth Virginia Infantry, and Superintendent of
+the Alexandria High School from the close of the war to the present
+time--forty-one years. He has said to the writer since the war that he
+cherished the fact of his having been a private in the Rockbridge
+Artillery with more pride than he felt in any honors he has since
+achieved.
+
+Robert A. Gibson, of Petersburg, Virginia, now a bishop of Virginia.
+
+Livingston Massie, of Waynesboro, who became captain of another battery
+and was killed in General Early's battle of Winchester.
+
+Hugh McGuire, of Winchester, brother of Dr. Hunter McGuire, medical
+director of Jackson's corps, whose gallantry won for him a captaincy in
+cavalry and lost him his life on the retreat to Appomattox.
+
+Boyd Faulkner, of Martinsburg, son of Hon. Charles J. Faulkner.
+
+Two Bartons from Winchester.
+
+Two Maurys and three Minors from Charlottesville.
+
+Other members of the company, of whom much that is interesting could be
+written, were Edgar and Eugene Alexander, of Moorefield, West Virginia,
+uncles of the authoress, Miss Mary Johnston. The first named lost an
+arm at Fredericksburg, the second had his thigh-bone broken at second
+Manassas.
+
+William H. Bolling, of Petersburg, Virginia, the handsomest of eight
+handsome brothers and a most polished gentleman.
+
+Holmes Boyd, of Winchester, now a distinguished lawyer of that city.
+
+Daniel Blaine, of Williamsburg, since the war a Presbyterian divine.
+
+Robert Frazer, of Culpeper, an accomplished scholar and prominent
+educator.
+
+William L. Gilliam, of Powhatan County.
+
+Campbell Heiskell, of Moorefield.
+
+J. K. Hitner, who, though a native of Pennsylvania, fought through the
+war for the South.
+
+William F. Johnston, of Rockbridge, a sterling man and soldier.
+
+Edward Hyde, of Alexandria, an excellent artist, who devoted most of his
+time in camp to drawing sketches of army life. He has recently written
+me that his drawings were lost in a canoe in which he attempted to cross
+James River on his journey from Appomattox. Otherwise some of them would
+have appeared in this book.
+
+Otho Kean, of Goochland County, Virginia.
+
+John E. McCauley, of Rockbridge, sergeant of the battery.
+
+William S. McClintic, now a prominent citizen of Missouri.
+
+D. D. Magruder, of Frederick County, Virginia.
+
+Littleton Macon, of Albemarle County, whose utterances became
+proverbial.
+
+Frank Meade and Frank Nelson, of Albemarle County.
+
+W. C. Gordon, of Lexington, Virginia.
+
+Jefferson Ruffin, of Henrico.
+
+J. M. Shoulder, of Rockbridge.
+
+W. C. Stuart, of Lexington, Virginia.
+
+Stevens M. Taylor, of Albemarle County, Virginia.
+
+Charles M. Trueheart, now a physician in Galveston, Texas.
+
+Thomas M. Wade, of Lexington, Virginia.
+
+W. H. White, of Lexington, Virginia.
+
+Calvin Wilson, of Cumberland County.
+
+John Withrow, of Lexington, Virginia.
+
+William M. Wilson, of Rockbridge, who went by the name of "Billy Zu.,"
+abbreviated for zouave; and many other fine fellows, most of whom have
+long since "passed over the river."
+
+A. S. Whitt, gunner of the fourth piece, whose failure to throw a
+twenty-pound shell "within a hair's breadth and not miss" could be
+attributed only to defective ammunition.
+
+In this company were all classes of society and all grades of
+intelligence, from the most cultured scholars to the lowest degree of
+illiteracy. We had men who had formerly been gentlemen of leisure,
+lawyers, physicians, students of divinity, teachers, merchants, farmers
+and mechanics, ranging in age from boys of seventeen to matured men in
+the forties and from all parts of the South and several from Northern
+States, as well as Irish and Germans. At one camp-fire could be heard
+discussions on literature, philosophy, science, etc., and at another
+horse-talk. The tone of the company was decidedly moral, and there was
+comparatively little profanity. In addition to the services conducted by
+the chaplain of the battalion, Rev. Henry White, prayer-meetings were
+regularly held by the theological students. Then we had men that swore
+like troopers. "Irish Emmett," whose face was dotted with grains of
+powder imbedded under the skin, could growl out oaths through
+half-clenched teeth that chilled one's blood.
+
+One man, Michael, a conscript from another county, a full-grown man,
+weighing perhaps one hundred and seventy-five pounds, was a chronic
+cry-baby; unfit for other service, he was assigned assistant at the
+forge, and would lie with face to the ground and moan out, "I want to go
+home, I want to go home," and sob by the hour.
+
+Another, a primitive man from the German forests, whose language was
+scarcely intelligible, lived entirely to himself and constructed his
+shelter of brush and leaves--as would a bear preparing to hibernate. In
+his ignorance of the use of an axe I saw him, in felling a tree, "throw"
+it so that it fell on and killed a horse tied nearby. On seeing what he
+had done, his lamentation over the dying animal was pathetic.
+
+As a school for the study of human nature, that afforded in the various
+conditions of army life is unsurpassed--a life in which danger,
+fatigue, hunger, etc., leave no room for dissimulation, and expose the
+good and bad in each individual to the knowledge of his associates.
+
+It sometimes fell to my lot to be on guard-duty with Tom Martin, an
+Irishman who was over forty-five and exempt from military service, but
+was soldiering for the love of it. Sometimes he was very taciturn and
+entirely absorbed with his short-stemmed pipe; at other times full of
+humor and entertaining. He gave me an account, one night while on post,
+of what he called his "great flank movement"--in other words, a visit to
+his home in Rockbridge without leave. After Doran, another Irishman, had
+been disabled at Malvern Hill and discharged from service, he became a
+sort of huckster for the battery and would make trips to and from
+Rockbridge with a wagon-load of boxes from our homes and also a supply
+of apple-brandy. While camped at Bunker Hill in the fall of 1862,
+shortly after Doran arrived with his load, Captain Poague, observing
+more than an ordinary degree of hilarity among some of the men, had the
+wagon searched, the brandy brought forth, confiscated, and emptied on
+the ground. Martin, greatly outraged at the illtreatment of a fellow-son
+of Erin, and still more so at the loss of so much good liquor, forthwith
+resolved to take his revenge on the Captain by taking "French leave."
+
+To escape the vigilance of provost-guards and deserter-hunters, he made
+his way to the foothills of the North Mountain, and in the course of
+his journey stumbled on a still-house in one of its secluded glens. To
+the proprietor, who was making a run of apple-brandy, and who proved to
+be "a man after me own heart," Martin imparted his grievances. "I tould
+him," said he, "I hadn't a cint, but he poured me a tin chuck-full. With
+thanks in me eyes I turned off the whole of it, then kindled me pipe and
+stood close by the still. Ah! me lad, how the liquor wint through me! In
+thray minits I didn't care a domn for all the captins in old Stonewall's
+army!"
+
+With various adventures he made his way home, returned to the company of
+his own accord, was wounded at Gettysburg, captured, and spent the
+remainder of war-time in prison.
+
+Rader, who drove the lead-horses at my gun almost throughout the war, is
+mentioned elsewhere, but his record, as well as his pranks and drollery,
+coupled with his taciturnity, were interesting. While sitting on his
+saddle-horse in one battle he was knocked full length to the ground by a
+bursting shell. When those nearby ran to pick him up they asked if he
+was much hurt. "No," he said, "I am just skeered to death." At
+Sharpsburg, while lying down, holding his gray mares, a shell tore a
+trench close alongside of him and hoisted him horizontally into the air.
+On recovering his feet he staggered off, completely dazed by the
+concussion. In the first battle of Fredericksburg he was struck and
+disabled for a time. At Gettysburg, as the same animals, frightened by
+a bursting shell, wheeled to run, he seized the bridle of the leader
+just as it was struck by a shell, which burst at the moment, instantly
+killing the two grays and the two horses next to them, and stunning
+Rader as before. But, with all of his close calls, his skin was never
+broken. Instead of currying his horses during the time allotted for that
+work he seemed to occupy himself teaching them "tricks," but his was the
+best-groomed team in the battery.
+
+While on guard one cold night, as the wagon drivers were sleeping
+quietly on a bed of loose straw near a blazing fire, I saw Rader creep
+up stealthily and apply a torch at several places, wait until it was
+well ignited, and then run and yell "Fire!" then repeat the sport an
+hour later. Vanpelt carried an enormous knapsack captured from Banks and
+branded "10th Maine." While halting on the march it was Rader's
+amusement, especially when some outsider was passing by, to set his
+whip-stock as a prop under it, go through the motions of grinding, and
+rattle off the music of a hand-organ with his mouth until chased away by
+his victim. He mysteriously vanished from Rockbridge after the war, and
+has never since been located.
+
+One of the most striking characters in the company was "General" Jake,
+as we called him, whose passion for war kept him always in the army,
+while his aversion to battle kept him always in the rear. After serving
+a year with us, being over military age, he got a discharge, but soon
+joined the Rockbridge cavalry as a substitute, where six legs, instead
+of two, afforded three-fold opportunities. An interview between the
+"General" and one of our company, as he viewed the former and was struck
+with his appearance, was as follows:
+
+"Well, 'General,' you are the most perfect-looking specimen of a soldier
+I ever beheld. That piercing eye, the grizzly mustache, the firm jaw,
+the pose of the head, that voice--in fact, the whole make-up fills to
+the full the measure of a man of war."
+
+The "General," with a graceful bow and a deep roll in his voice,
+replied, "Sire, in enumerating the items which go to constitute a great
+general I notice the omission of one requisite, the absence of which in
+my outfit lost to the cause a genius in council and a mighty leader in
+battle."
+
+"What was that, 'General'?"
+
+"Sire, it goes by the name of Cour-ridge."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Estimates of things are governed by comparison, and no better idea of
+the Southern army could be had than that given by a knowledge of its
+numbers, equipment, etc., as compared with those of its adversary
+throughout the four years of the war. This can be illustrated by a
+sketch of the Rockbridge Artillery in that respect, beginning with its
+entrance into service, as a type of the whole army.
+
+The guns with which this company set out from Lexington were two
+smooth-bore six-pound brass pieces used by Stonewall Jackson for
+drilling the cadets at the Virginia Military Institute, which were
+coupled together and drawn by one pair of horses to Staunton. I must
+pause here and relate an incident which occurred at that period, in
+which these guns played a part. Among the cadets was one--Hountsell--who
+was considered as great an enigma as Jackson himself. In some of the
+various evolutions of the drill it was necessary for the cadets to trot.
+This gait Hountsell failed to adopt, and was reported to the
+superintendent with the specification "for failing to trot." Hountsell
+handed in his written excuse as follows, "I am reported by Major Jackson
+for failing, at artillery drill, to trot. My excuse is, I am a natural
+pacer." It would be interesting to know the workings of Stonewall's mind
+when perusing this reply.
+
+After reaching Harper's Ferry two more six-pound brass pieces were
+received for this battery from Richmond. As there were no caissons for
+these four guns, farm-wagons were used, into which boxes of ammunition,
+together with chests containing rations for the men, were loaded. In
+addition to friction-primers of modern invention at that time for firing
+cannon, the old-time "slow matches" and "port-fires" were in stock. So
+that, in preparing for battle with General Patterson's army at
+Hainesville on July 2, 1861, the ammunition-boxes, provision-chests,
+etc., being loaded indiscriminately into the same wagon, were all taken
+out and placed on the ground. The "port-fire," adjusted in a brass tube
+on the end of a wooden stick, was lighted, and the stick stuck in the
+ground by the gun, to give a light in case the friction-primer failed.
+This provision was due to the fact that Captain Pendleton was familiar
+with the "port-fire," in vogue when he attended West Point. On finding
+that the friction-primer was reliable, the "port-fires" were left
+sticking in the ground when the guns withdrew, and were captured and
+taken as curiosities by the Federals.
+
+After returning to Winchester, ammunition-chests were ordered to be made
+by a carpenter of the town. Gen. Joe Johnston, then in command of the
+forces, went in person with Lieutenant Poague, and, as the latter
+expressed it, reprimanded this carpenter most unmercifully for his
+tardiness in the work. The chests were then quickly completed and placed
+on wagon-gears, which outfits served as caissons, and thus equipped the
+battery marched to and fought at first Manassas. From captures there
+made, these crude contrivances were replaced with regular caissons, and
+for two of the six-pound brass pieces two rifled ten-pound Parrotts were
+substituted and two heavier six-pound brass pieces added, making a
+six-gun battery. Also the farm-wagon harness was exchanged for regular
+artillery harness.
+
+The revolution in the character of Confederate field ordnance
+thenceforward continued, and every new and improved weapon we had to
+confront in one battle we had to wield against our foes, its inventors,
+in the next.
+
+For a short time previous to and in the battle of Kernstown the battery
+had eight guns, two of which, made at the Tredegar Works in Richmond,
+were of very inferior quality and were soon discarded. The long and
+trying campaign of 1862 gradually reduced the number of guns to four,
+two of which were twenty-pound Parrotts captured at Harper's Ferry, one
+a twelve-pound Napoleon captured at Richmond, and one a six-pound brass
+piece. The two last were replaced by two more twenty-pound Parrotts
+captured from Milroy at Winchester in June, 1863. Each of these guns
+required a team of eight horses and as many to a caisson. They were
+recaptured at Deep Bottom below Richmond in July, 1864.
+
+The battery's connection with the Stonewall Brigade was severed October
+1, at the close of the memorable campaign of 1862, and under the new
+régime became a part of the First Regiment Virginia Artillery, commanded
+by Col. J. Thompson Brown, afterward by Col. R. A. Hardaway. This
+regiment was made up of the second and third companies of Richmond
+Howitzers, the Powhatan battery commanded by Captain Dance, the Roanoke
+battery commanded by Captain Griffin, and Rockbridge battery commanded
+by Captain Graham, with four guns to each of the five batteries.
+
+Our new companions proved to be a fine lot of men, and with them many
+strong and lasting friendships were formed.
+
+An idea of the spirit with which the Southern people entered into the
+war can best be conveyed by some account of the wild enthusiasm created
+by the troops and the unbounded hospitality lavished upon them as they
+proceeded to their destinations along the border.
+
+The Rockbridge Artillery traveled by rail from Staunton to Strasburg. On
+their march of eighteen miles from there to Winchester they were
+preceded by the "Grayson Dare-devils" of Virginia, one hundred strong,
+armed with Mississippi rifles and wearing red-flannel shirts. A mile or
+two in advance of this company was the Fourth Alabama Regiment,
+numbering eight hundred men. The regiment, on its arrival at Newtown, a
+small village six miles from Winchester, was provided by the citizens
+with a sumptuous dinner. Then the "Dare-devils" were likewise
+entertained; but still the supplies and hospitality of the people were
+not exhausted, as the battery, on its arrival, was served with a
+bountiful meal.
+
+When the battery reached Winchester their two small guns were stored for
+the night in a warehouse, and the men lodged and entertained in private
+houses. On the following day the company went by rail to Harper's Ferry,
+arriving there after dark. The place was then under command of Col. T.
+J. Jackson, who was soon after superseded by Gen. Joseph E. Johnston.
+The trains over the B. & O. Railroad were still running. Evidences of
+the John Brown raid were plainly visible, and the engine-house in which
+he and his men barricaded themselves and were captured by the marines,
+commanded by Col. R. E. Lee, of the United States Army, stood as at the
+close of that affair.
+
+One or both sections of the battery were often engaged in picket service
+along the Potomac between Shepherdstown and Williamsport, in connection
+with the Second Virginia Regiment, which was composed of men from the
+adjoining counties. Their camps and bivouacs were constantly visited by
+the neighboring people, especially ladies, who came by the score in
+carriages and otherwise, provided with abundant refreshments for the
+inner man. As described by those who participated in it all, the days
+passed as a series of military picnics, in which there was no suspicion
+or suggestion of the serious times that were to follow. During the
+progress of the war, while these outward demonstrations, of necessity,
+diminished, the devotion on the part of the grand women of that
+war-swept region only increased.
+
+I have not undertaken to describe scenes or relate incidents which
+transpired in the battery before I became a member of it. But there is
+one scene which was often referred to by those who witnessed it which is
+worthy of mention. It occurred in the fall of 1861, near Centerville,
+when a portion of the army, under Gen. Joe Johnston, was returning from
+the front, where an attack had been threatened, and was passing along
+the highway. A full moon was shining in its splendor, lighting up the
+rows of stacked arms, parks of artillery, and the white tents which
+dotted the plain on either side. As column after column, with bands
+playing and bayonets glistening, passed, as it were, in review, there
+came, in its turn, the First Maryland Regiment headed by its drum corps
+of thirty drums rolling in martial time. Next came the First Virginia
+Regiment with its superb band playing the "Mocking-Bird," the shrill
+strains of the cornet, high above the volume of the music, pouring forth
+in exquisite clearness the notes of the bird. Scarcely had this melody
+passed out of hearing when there came marching by, in gallant style, the
+four batteries of the Washington Artillery, of New Orleans, with
+officers on horseback and cannoneers mounted on the guns and caissons,
+all with sabers waving in cadence to the sound of their voices, singing,
+in its native French, "The Marseillaise," that grandest of all national
+airs.
+
+The younger generation cannot comprehend, and express surprise that the
+old soldiers never forget and are so wrought up by the recollections of
+their war experiences; but to have participated in a scene such as this
+will readily explain why a soul should thrill at its recurring mention.
+
+In 1883, nearly twenty years after the war, I was called to Cumberland,
+Maryland, on business. By reason of a reunion of the Army of the
+Cumberland being held there at the time, the hotels were crowded,
+making it necessary for me to find accommodations in a boarding-house.
+Sitting around the front door of the house, as I entered, were half a
+dozen Federal soldiers discussing war-times. The window of the room to
+which I was assigned opened immediately over where the men sat, and as I
+lay in bed I heard them recount their experiences in battle after battle
+in which I had taken part. It stirred me greatly. Next morning they had
+gone out when I went down to breakfast, but I told the lady of the house
+of my interest in their talk of the previous night. At noon the same
+party was sitting in the hall, having finished their dinners, as I
+passed through to mine. They greeted me cordially and said, "We heard of
+what you said about overhearing us last night; take a seat and let's
+discuss old times." My answer was, "I have met you gentlemen already on
+too many battlefields with an empty stomach, so wait till I get my
+dinner." With a hearty laugh this was approved of, and I joined them
+soon after. Most of them were from Ohio and West Virginia. They said,
+though, as I was but one against six, to say what I pleased; and for an
+hour or more we discussed, good-humoredly, many scenes of mutual
+interest.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following lines are recalled from Merrick's songs:
+
+   "Och hone, by the man in the moon!
+   You taze me all ways that a woman can plaze;
+   For you dance twice as high with that thief, Pat McGhee,
+   As you do when you're dancing a jig, Love, with me;
+   Though the piper I'd bate, for fear the old chate
+   Wouldn't play you your favorite chune.
+
+   "Och hone, don't provoke me to do it,
+   For there are girls by the score
+   That would have me and more.
+   Sure there's Katy Nale, that would jump if I'd say,
+   'Katy Nale, name the day.'
+   And though you are fresh and fair as the flowers in May,
+   And she's short and dark as a cowld winter's day,
+   If you don't repent before Easter, when Lent
+   Is over, I'll marry for spite."
+
+
+SAINT PATRICK
+
+   "A fig for St. Denis of France!
+     He's a trumpery fellow to brag on.
+   A fig for St. George and his lance!
+     Who splitted a heathenish dragon.
+   The saints of the Welshman and Scot
+     Are a pair of pitiful pipers,
+   Both of whom may just travel to pot,
+     Compared with the patron of swipers--
+   St. Patrick of Ireland, my boy!
+
+   "Och! he came to the Emerald Isle
+     On a lump of a paving-stone mounted;
+   The steamboat he beat by a mile,
+     Which mighty good sailing was counted.
+   Said he, 'The salt-water, I think,
+     Makes me most bloodily thirsty,
+   So fetch me a flagon of drink
+     To wash down the mullygrubs, burst ye!
+   A drink that is fit for a saint.'
+
+   "The pewter he lifted _in sport_,
+     And, believe me, I tell you no fable,
+   A gallon he drank from the quart
+     And planted it down on the table.
+   'A miracle!' every one cried,
+     And they all took a pull at the stingo.
+   They were capital hands at the trade,
+     And they drank till they fell; yet, by jingo!
+   The pot still frothed over the brim.
+
+   "'Next day,' quoth his host, 'is a fast
+     And there is naught in my larder but mutton.
+   On Friday who would serve such repast,
+     Except an unchristianlike glutton?'
+   Says Pat, 'Cease your nonsense, I beg;
+     What you tell me is nothing but gammon.
+   Take my compliments down to the leg
+     And bid it walk hither, a salmon.'
+   The leg most politely complied.
+
+   "Oh! I suppose you have heard, long ago,
+     How the snakes, in a manner quite antic,
+   He marched from the County Mayo
+     And trundled them into the Atlantic.
+   So not to use water for drink,
+     The people of Ireland determined.
+   And for a mighty good reason, I think,
+     Since St. Patrick has filled it with vermin
+   And vipers and other such stuff.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+   "The people, with wonderment struck
+     At a pastor so pious and civil,
+   Cried, 'We are for you, my old buck!
+     And we'll pitch our blind gods to the devil
+   Who dwells in hot water below.'
+
+   "Och! he was an iligant blade
+     As you'd meet from Fairhead to Killkrumper,
+   And, though under the sod he is laid,
+     Here goes his health in a bumper!
+   I wish he was here, that my glass
+     He might, by art-magic, replenish--
+   But as he is not, why, alas!
+     My ditty must come to a finish,
+   Because all the liquor is out."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE SECOND ROCKBRIDGE ARTILLERY
+
+The second Rockbridge Artillery Company, organized July 10, 1861, like
+the first Rockbridge Artillery, was commanded by a clergyman, the Rev.
+John Miller, of Princeton, New Jersey, as captain. In honor of his
+wife's sister, Miss Lily McDowell, daughter of Governor McDowell, of
+Virginia, who furnished in large part the outfit of this company, it was
+named "McDowell Guards." She also paid a bounty to a youth under
+military age to serve as her personal representative in this company.
+Miss McDowell afterward became the wife of Major Bernard Wolfe, whose
+service with the Rockbridge Battery has been mentioned.
+
+Owing to lack of artillery equipment, the McDowell Guards served as
+infantry until January, 1862, in the Fifty-second Virginia Regiment, in
+West Virginia. I heard Captain Miller relate this anecdote, which
+occurred in the battle of Alleghany Mountain, December 12, 1861: A boy
+in his company was having a regular duel with a Federal infantryman,
+whose shots several times passed close to the boy's head. Finally, when
+a bullet knocked his hat off, he defiantly called out to his adversary,
+"Hey! You didn't git me that time, nuther. You didn't git me nary a
+time!"
+
+In the early part of 1862 the McDowell Guards secured artillery and did
+excellent service in McIntosh's battalion of A. P. Hill's corps until
+the close of the war.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVII
+
+OAKLAND--RETURN TO CAMP--OFF DUTY AGAIN--THE RACE FROM NEW MARKET TO
+FORT GILMORE--ATTACK ON FORT HARRISON--WINTER-QUARTERS ON THE
+LINES--VISITS TO RICHMOND
+
+
+The desolation and dejection of the people of Lexington hastened my
+departure, but before returning to the army I spent two weeks most
+delightfully at "Oakland," the hospitable home of Mrs. Cocke, in
+Cumberland County, Virginia. This was the last opportunity I had of
+enjoying the "old plantation life," the like of which can never again be
+experienced. It was an ideal life, the comforts and advantages of which
+only those who followed it could appreciate. Two of Mrs. Cocke's sons,
+who had passed many years at school and college in Lexington, were at
+home--one on sick-leave; the other, still a youth, equipping himself for
+the cavalry service, which he soon entered. William, the eldest son, had
+been killed at Gettysburg and his body never recovered.
+
+Every day at twelve o'clock sharp delicious watermelons were brought
+from the icehouse to the shade of the stately oaks which adorned the
+spacious lawn; then, two hours later, after a sumptuous dinner, a
+small darky brought from the kitchen a shovel of coals (matches were not
+a Southern product) to light our pipes. So the time passed. It was to
+this hospitable home that General Lee retired with his family
+immediately after Appomattox, and was living on this estate when he
+accepted the presidency of Washington College.
+
+[Illustration: ROBERT FRAZER]
+
+My wounds being now sufficiently, or rather temporarily, healed, I
+embarked about bedtime at Cartersville on the canal packet boat. On my
+way to a berth in the cabin I noticed, by the dim light, a
+striking-looking man clad in white lying in his berth. On the deck of
+the boat were a score or more of negroes, male and female, singing so
+boisterously that the other passengers could not sleep. Such conduct at
+this time was felt to be significant, and the more so as the officers of
+the boat refrained from interfering. Without intimation there was a leap
+from my neighboring bunk, a hurried scramble up the stairway, followed
+by a volley of--secular language, with a demand for instantaneous choice
+between "dead silence and dead niggers." Thenceforward stillness
+prevailed, broken at intervals when the plaintive windings of the packet
+horn, rising and falling with the motion of the tandem team, heralded
+our approach to a lock. Who that ever boarded that ancient craft, or
+dwelt within its sound, will cease to recall the associations awakened
+by the voice of the old packet horn?
+
+Next morning I recognized my fellow-countyman, Bob Greenlee, of the
+First Virginia Cavalry, as the man whose eloquence had terrorized the
+negroes. Greenlee has been aptly styled "a rare bird," and the accounts
+he gave of experiences during his sick-leave, from which he was now
+returning, were as good as "David Harum."
+
+I found the battery stationed at New Market, on the north side of the
+James, near Dutch Gap. During my absence it had suffered the only
+serious loss of the kind it had experienced during the war--the capture
+of all four of its twenty-pound Parrott guns at Deep Bottom. The horses,
+as usual, had been taken to the rear for safety. The infantry support
+had been out-flanked, leaving our guns almost surrounded, so that the
+cannoneers escaped with difficulty--only one of them, Andrew Darnall,
+being captured.
+
+The ranks of the company had been considerably depleted by chills and
+fever, so prevalent in that swampy region, and one death had
+occurred--that of John Gibbs, a most excellent soldier. Less than a
+week's sojourn was sufficient to poison my blood and reopen an old wound
+received two years before. I was sent to Richmond, but twenty-four
+hours' experience in a hospital among the sick, the wounded, and the
+dying induced me to get a discharge and work my way, by hook and crook,
+back to Oakland, where I underwent a severe visitation of chills and
+fever. This, however, was soon broken up by quinine, and I again
+rejoined the battery.
+
+The summer now drawing to a close had been a most trying one, and the
+future offered no sign of relief. The situation was one of simply
+waiting to be overwhelmed. That the fighting spirit was unimpaired was
+demonstrated in every encounter, notably the one on July 30, at The
+Crater, near Petersburg.
+
+During the night of September 28 there was heard the continued rumbling
+of wheels and the tramp of large forces of the enemy crossing on the
+pontoon bridges from the south to the north side of the James. At dawn
+next morning we hurriedly broke camp, as did Gary's brigade of cavalry
+camped close by, and scarcely had time to reach high ground and unlimber
+before we were attacked. The big gaps in our lines, entirely undefended,
+were soon penetrated, and the contest quickly became one of speed to
+reach the shorter line of fortifications some five miles nearer to and
+in sight of Richmond. The break through our lines was on our right,
+which placed the Federals almost in our rear, so that a detour of
+several miles on our part was necessary. On the principle that the
+chased dog is generally the fleetest, we succeeded in reaching the
+breastworks, a short distance to the left of Fort Gilmore, with all four
+guns, now ten-pound Parrotts, followed by the straggling cannoneers much
+exhausted. I vividly recall George Ginger, who was No. 1 at one of the
+guns, as he came trotting in with the gun-rammer on his shoulder, which
+he had carried five miles through brush and brake for want of time to
+replace it on the gun-carriage.
+
+Much has been written about the defense of Fort Gilmore, and much
+controversy as to who deserved the credit. The fact that a superb fight
+was made was fully apparent when we entered the fort an hour later,
+while the negroes who made the attack were still firing from behind
+stumps and depressions in the cornfield in front, to which our artillery
+replied with little effect. The Fort was occupied by about sixty men
+who, I understood, were Mississippians. The ditch in front was eight or
+ten feet deep and as many in width. Into it, urged on by white officers,
+the negroes leaped, and to scale the embankment on the Fort side climbed
+on each other's shoulders, and were instantly shot down as their heads
+appeared above it. The ground beyond was strewn with dead and wounded. A
+full regiment had preceded us into the Fort, but the charge on it had
+been repulsed by the small force before its arrival.
+
+Next morning we counted twenty-three dead negroes in the ditch, the
+wounded and prisoners having previously been removed. There was great
+lamentation among them when "Corporal Dick" fell. He was a conspicuous
+leader, jet black, and bald as a badger. A mile to the right of Fort
+Gilmore and one-fourth of a mile in advance of our line of breastworks
+was Fort Harrison, which was feebly garrisoned by reserves. This force
+had been overpowered and the Fort taken by the Federals. Two days
+later, and after it had been completely manned with infantry and
+artillery, an unsuccessful attempt was made to recapture it, of which we
+had a full view. The attack was made by Colquitt's and Anderson's
+brigades, while General Lee stood on the parapet of Fort Gilmore with
+field-glass in hand, waving his hat and cheering lustily. Of course our
+loss in killed, wounded, and captured was very heavy. This ended the
+fighting, except sharpshooting, on the north side of the James.
+
+During our stay in Fort Gilmore a company of Reserves from Richmond took
+the place of the regular infantry. They were venerable-looking old
+gentlemen--lawyers, business men, etc., dressed in citizens' clothes. In
+order to accustom them to the service, we supposed, they were frequently
+roused during the night to prepare for battle. After several repetitions
+of this they concluded, about two o'clock one night, that it was useless
+to retire again and go through the same performance, so a party of them
+kindled a fire and good-humoredly sat around in conversation on various
+subjects, one of which was infant baptism. My bedfellow, Tom Williamson,
+a bachelor under twenty years of age, being deeply interested in this
+question, of paramount importance at this time, forthwith left his bunk,
+and from that time until daylight theology was in the air.
+
+Our battery changed from the Fort to a position one-fourth of a mile to
+the left of it, the two sections being placed a hundred yards apart,
+where we remained until March.
+
+It seems remarkable even now, after a lapse of over forty years, that
+under such conditions and without the slightest reasonable hope of
+ultimate success we could have passed six months, including a severe
+winter, not only moderately comfortable, but ofttimes with real
+pleasure. Huts and hovels of as varied architecture as the scarcity of
+material at our disposal could be shaped into, rose above or descended
+below the ground. The best shelters were built of pine logs six or eight
+inches in diameter, split in half, with the bark-side out. From a swamp
+a quarter of a mile in the rear, in which the trees had been previously
+felled for military operations, we carried our fuel. Several hundred
+negroes had been impressed, in neighboring counties within Confederate
+lines, to work on the adjacent fortifications, which, by their industry,
+soon became very strong. In our immediate front, manning the Federal
+works, were negro troops whose voices could be distinctly heard in darky
+songs and speech, and their camp-fires were in full view.
+
+It was at this time that General Early was distinguishing himself in the
+Shenandoah Valley with repeated defeats in battle, the first news of
+which reached us in a peculiar way; that is, when the news reached
+Grant's lines a shotted salute in celebration was fired at us, thus
+"killing two birds with one stone." These volleys of shot and shell
+produced consternation among the negroes working on our fortifications.
+Panic-stricken, they would break for the rear, casting aside picks,
+shovels, or anything that retarded speed; and to get them and their
+scattered tools gathered up after such a stampede required several days.
+I was requested, by a negro who had just experienced one of these
+escapades, to write a letter for him to his home people. He dictated as
+follows:
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"My dear Wife: I take this opportunity of taking you down a few words
+and telling you of the terrible bumming we was under yesterday. The
+shells fell fast as hail and lightened as from a cloud, and we had a
+smart run. Give my love to Mammy and tell her how we is sufferin' for
+somethin' to eat."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Then followed some other pieces of news; then love to various kinsmen,
+with a message to each of how they were "sufferin' for somethin' to
+eat."
+
+The space between the two sections of our battery was occupied by
+infantry. I particularly remember the Nineteenth Georgia Regiment, a
+game body of men, whose excellent band furnished us fine music. It was
+ordered, during the winter, to North Carolina and lost--killed in battle
+soon after--its colonel and adjutant, Neil and Turner. A mile in rear of
+our lines stood a church, a substantial frame building, which, for want
+of better use, was converted into a theater. As in the recent drafting
+every department of life had been invaded, a very respectable element
+of a histrionic turn was to be found in the ranks. The stage scenery, as
+one would imagine, was not gaudy and, of course, did not afford
+equipment for high art in the strict sense; but the doleful conditions
+of home life now in vogue in the South and the desperate straits for
+food and existence in camp afforded a fund of amusement to those of us
+who were inclined to pluck sport from hopeless conditions.
+
+One of the performers--named Nash--was a first-rate comedian. As an
+interlude he gave a representation of an attempt made by the people to
+furnish the army a Christmas dinner. To give an idea of what a failure
+such an undertaking would naturally be, when the people themselves were
+almost destitute, one thin turkey constituted the share for a regiment
+close by us, while our battery did not get so much as a doughnut. Nash,
+in taking the thing off, appeared on the stage with a companion to
+propound leading questions, and, after answering one query after
+another, to explain the meaning of his droll conduct, drew his hand from
+the side pocket of his blouse and, with his head thrown back and mouth
+wide open, poured a few dry cracker crumbs down his throat. When asked
+by the ringman what that act signified, he drawled out, in lugubrious
+tones, "Soldier eating Christmas dinner!" The righteous indignation
+produced among the few citizens by such sacrilegious use of a church
+soon brought our entertainments to a close.
+
+Our time was frequently enlivened by visits to Richmond. By getting a
+twenty-four-hour leave we could manage to spend almost forty-eight hours
+in the city. On a pass--dated, for instance, January 13--we could leave
+camp immediately after reveille and return in time for reveille on the
+fifteenth.
+
+That this would be the last winter that Richmond would be the capital of
+the Confederacy, or that the Confederacy itself would be in existence,
+was a feeling experienced by all, but was too painful a subject for
+general discussion. The gaiety of the place under such conditions,
+viewed at this remote day, seems astonishing. There the Confederate
+Congress and the Virginia Legislature held their sessions; and there
+were the numerous employees of State and Nation, and refugees from
+various parts of the South, and, besides, it was the great manufacturing
+center of that section, employing mechanics and artisans of every
+calling. For four years this mixed multitude had listened to the thunder
+of cannon almost at their doors, and had seen old men and boys called
+out by day and by night to meet some extraordinary emergency, while it
+was no uncommon occurrence for hundreds of sick, wounded, and dead men
+to be borne through the streets to the overflowing hospitals and
+cemeteries. One surprising feature of it was to see how readily all
+adapted themselves to such a life.
+
+My first social visit, in company with my messmate, James Gilmer, of
+Charlottesville, Virginia, was to call on some lady friends, formerly of
+Winchester. We found these ladies starting to an egg-nog at the house of
+some friends--the Misses Munford--with instructions to invite their
+escorts. This position we gladly accepted, and were soon ushered into
+the presence of some of the celebrated beauties of Richmond, and were
+entertained as graciously as if we had been officers of high rank. The
+climax of this visit was as we were returning to camp the next
+afternoon. We overtook Tazwell McCorkle, of Lynchburg, the only member
+of our company who could afford the luxury of being married and having
+his wife nearby. He had just received a box from home, and invited us to
+go with him to his wife's boarding-house and partake of its contents.
+While enjoying and expressing our appreciation of the good things,
+McCorkle told us of the impression the sight of old-time luxuries had
+made on their host, Mr. Turner, a devout old Baptist, who, with uplifted
+hands, exclaimed, as it first met his gaze, "Pound-cake, as I pray to be
+saved!"
+
+Since the burning of the Virginia Military Institute barracks, by Hunter
+at Lexington, the school had been transferred to Richmond and occupied
+the almshouse. This, on my visits to the city, I made my headquarters,
+and, preparatory to calling on my lady acquaintances, was kindly
+supplied with outfits in apparel by my friends among the professors.
+Having developed, since entering the service, from a mere youth in size
+to a man of two hundred pounds, to fit me out in becoming style was no
+simple matter. I recall one occasion when I started out on my
+visiting-round, wearing Frank Preston's coat, Henry Wise's trousers, and
+Col. John Ross's waistcoat, and was assured by my benefactors that I
+looked like a brigadier-general. Sometimes as many as four or six of our
+company, having leave of absence at the same time, would rendezvous to
+return together in the small hours of the night, through Rocketts, where
+"hold-ups" were not uncommon, and recount our various experiences as we
+proceeded campward.
+
+Indications of the hopelessness of the Confederacy had, by midwinter,
+become very much in evidence, with but little effort at concealment.
+Conferences on the subject among the members of companies and regiments
+were of almost daily occurrence, in which there was much discussion as
+to what course should be pursued when and after the worst came. Many
+resolutions were passed in these meetings, avowing the utmost loyalty to
+the cause, and the determination to fight to the death. In one regiment
+not far from our battery a resolution was offered which did not meet the
+approbation of all concerned, and was finally passed in a form qualified
+thus, "Resolved, that in case our army is overwhelmed and broken up, we
+will bushwhack them; that is, some of us will."
+
+Notwithstanding all this apprehension, scant rations and general
+discomfort, the pluck and spirit of the great majority of our men
+continued unabated. To give an idea of the insufficiency of the rations
+we received at this time, the following incident which I witnessed will
+suffice: Immediately after finishing his breakfast, one of our company
+invested five dollars in five loaves of bread. After devouring three of
+them, his appetite was sufficiently appeased to enable him to negotiate
+the exchange of one of the two remaining for enough molasses to sweeten
+the other, which he ate at once. These loaves, which were huckstered
+along the lines by venders from Richmond, it must be understood, were
+not full-size, but a compromise between a loaf and a roll.
+
+Desertions were of almost nightly occurrence, and occasionally a
+half-dozen or more of the infantry on the picket line would go over in a
+body to the enemy and give themselves up. The Federals, who had material
+and facilities for pyrotechnic displays, one night exhibited in glaring
+letters of fire:
+
+   "While the lamp holds out to burn,
+   The vilest rebel may return."
+
+Toward the latter part of March our battery moved half a mile back of
+the line of breastworks. Two or more incidents recall, very distinctly
+to my memory, the camp which we there occupied. The colored boy Joe, who
+had cooked for my mess when rations were more abundant, was on hand
+again to pay his respects and furnish music for our dances. If we had
+been tramping on a hard floor never a sound of his weak violin could
+have been heard; but on the soft, pine tags we could go through the
+mazes of a cotillion, or the lancers, with apparently as much life as if
+our couples had been composed of the two sexes. The greatest difficulty
+incurred, in having a game of ball, was the procurement of a ball that
+would survive even one inning. One fair blow from the bat would
+sometimes scatter it into so many fragments that the batter would claim
+that there were not enough remains caught by any one fielder to put him
+out.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII
+
+EVACUATION OF RICHMOND--PASSING THROUGH RICHMOND BY NIGHT--THE
+RETREAT--BATTLE OF SAILOR'S CREEK--BATTLE OF CUMBERLAND CHURCH
+
+
+While here, in the midst of our gaiety, came the news of the breaking of
+our lines near Petersburg, and with this a full comprehension of the
+fact that the days of the Confederacy were numbered. I was in Richmond
+on Sunday, April 2, and escorted to church a young lady whose looks and
+apparel were in perfect keeping with the beautiful spring day. The
+green-checked silk dress she wore looked as fresh and unspotted as if it
+had just run the blockade. As the church we attended was not the one at
+which the news of the disaster had been handed to President Davis, our
+services were not interrupted, nor did I hear anything of it until I had
+parted with her at her home and gone to the house of a relative, Dr.
+Randolph Page's, to dine. There I learned that a fierce battle had been
+fought at Five Forks, on the extreme right of our line, in which the
+Federals had gotten possession of the railroads by which our army was
+supplied with food. This, of course, necessitated the abandonment of
+both Richmond and Petersburg.
+
+As I passed along the streets in the afternoon there was nothing to
+indicate a panicky feeling; in fact, there was rather less commotion
+than usual, but much, no doubt, within doors.
+
+On arriving at camp I was the first to bring tidings of what had
+occurred to the company, and observed the varying effect produced on the
+different members, officers and men. To some it came as relief after
+long suspense, while others seemed hopelessly cast down and dejected.
+Orders to prepare to move soon followed, and our march to and through
+Richmond began with only two of our four guns, the other two being left
+behind for want of horses.
+
+We reached the city shortly before midnight, and, with Estill Waddell,
+of our battalion, I passed by the home of some friends, who, we found,
+had retired for the night. In response to my call, the head of the house
+appeared at an upper window. I had with me the few valuables I
+possessed, among them the brass button worn on my jacket and indented by
+the shell at second Cold Harbor. These I tossed into the yard, with the
+request that he would keep them for me. And, some months after the war,
+the package was sent to me in Lexington.
+
+We could now see and realize what the evacuation of Richmond involved.
+Waddell had learned that his brother James, adjutant of the
+Twenty-fourth Virginia Infantry, had been wounded the day before at
+Petersburg, and was in the Chimborazo Hospital. At this we soon
+arrived, and entered a large apartment with low ceiling and brilliantly
+lighted. On row after row of cots lay wounded men, utterly oblivious and
+indifferent to the serious conditions that disturbed those of us who
+realized what they were. Nurses and attendants were extremely scarce,
+and as deep silence prevailed as if each cot contained a corpse.
+
+After a search of a few moments Waddell recognized his brother in sound
+sleep. His appearance for manly beauty, as we stood over him, surpassed
+that of any figure I have ever seen. His slight, graceful form stretched
+at full length, a snow-white forehead fringed with dark hair, and chin
+resting on his chest, he lay like an artist's model rather than a
+wounded warrior, and the smile with which his brown eyes opened at the
+sound of his brother's voice betokened the awakening from a dream of
+peace and home. On another cot, a few steps farther on, I recognized
+John McClintic, of the Rockbridge Cavalry, and brother of my messmate.
+He was a boy of seventeen, with his arm shattered at the shoulder. On
+the cot next to him lay a man who was dying. McClintic and the others
+near him who could make their wants known were almost famished for
+water, a bucket of which, after much difficulty, we secured for them. On
+the following day this young fellow, rather than be left in the hands of
+the Federals, rode in an ox-cart and walked twenty miles, and finally
+reached his home in Rockbridge.
+
+After leaving the hospital we passed on to Main street and the business
+part of the city, where the scene would remind one of Bulwer's
+description of "The Last Days of Pompeii." The storehouses had been
+broken into and stood wide open, and fires had been kindled out of the
+goods boxes, on the floors, to afford light to plunder. Articles of
+liquid nature, especially intoxicants, had been emptied into the
+gutters, from which such portions as could be rescued were being
+greedily sought.
+
+From dark garrets and cellars the old hags and half-starved younger
+women and children had gathered, and were reaping a harvest such as they
+had never dreamed of. I saw a small boy, with an old, wrinkled, grinning
+woman at his heels, steer a barrel of flour around a corner and into a
+narrow alley with the speed and skill of a roustabout. The fire on the
+floors had not extended to the structures as we passed, but as no one
+seemed in the least concerned or interfered with their progress the
+flames soon put in their work and spread in all directions.
+
+We crossed the James on Mayo's Bridge, following the road in a
+southwesterly direction. With the first appearance of dawn the blowing
+up of the naval vessels in the river began, culminating in a gigantic
+explosion that made the earth tremble. This last was the magazine at
+Drewry's Bluff.
+
+Witnessing such scenes, with a realization of their significance, in
+the early part of our war experience would, no doubt, have been
+hopelessly demoralizing, but now the calmness and fortitude with which
+we took it demonstrated the fact that four years of such schooling had
+seasoned us to meet unflinchingly the most desperate situations. When
+broad daylight came we had the opportunity of seeing some of the
+heterogeneous elements of which Richmond was composed. Disaster had come
+too suddenly to afford time beforehand for the non-combatants to
+migrate, even if there had been safe places to which to flee.
+
+That such looking objects should have undertaken to accompany an army in
+the field, or rather into the fields, indicated what desperate chances
+they were willing to take rather than abandon themselves to a doubtful
+fate by remaining behind. In addition to the city contingent and those
+who garrisoned the forts where heavy ordnance only was used, the line of
+march was joined by the marine department, which had been doing duty on
+the river craft about Dutch Gap, Drewry's and Chaffin's bluffs, etc.
+Altogether, it was a motley combination, which afforded much amusement
+and the usual sallies of wit at each other's expense. The marine element
+was the most striking in appearance, and encumbered with enough baggage
+for a voyage to the North Pole. In three days' time this had all been
+discarded.
+
+After marching day and night the two wings of our army, having been
+separated since the previous summer, united at Amelia Court House,
+about 40 miles from Richmond. Ours--that is, the one from the north side
+of the river--had not been pressed by the enemy up to this point. As if
+in recognition of and to celebrate the reunion, an explosion took place
+far too violent for an ordinary salute. During a short halt, while the
+road was filled with infantry and artillery side by side, we felt the
+earth heave under our feet, followed instantly by a terrific report, and
+then a body of fire and flame, a hundred feet in diameter, shot skyward
+from beyond an intervening copse of woods. It proved to be the blowing
+up of sixty caissons, one hundred and eighty chests of ammunition, which
+could not be hauled farther for want of horses. For a moment the roar
+and concussion produced consternation. Those who were standing crouched
+as if for something to cling to, and those sitting sprang to their feet.
+The Crater affair at Petersburg had not been forgotten, and that we
+should be hurled into space by some infernal eruption flashed into our
+minds.
+
+Provisions had been ordered by General Lee over the railroad from
+Danville to Amelia Court House in readiness for the army on its arrival
+there. By some misunderstanding, or negligence on the part of the
+railroad management, these supplies had gone on to Richmond, so that all
+expectation of satisfying hunger was now gone. Corn on the cob had
+already been issued to the men, which, it may be presumed, was to be
+eaten raw, as no time nor means for parching it was available. Three of
+these "nubbins," which had been preserved, I saw many years after the
+war.
+
+After trudging along, with short halts and making very little progress,
+our battery of only two guns went into park about midnight, but without
+unhitching the horses. After being roused several times from sleep to
+march, I concluded, after the third false alarm, to lie still. When I
+awoke some time later the battery had moved and, in the dim light, I
+failed to find the course it had taken. Following on for some distance I
+came to General Lee's headquarters in a farmhouse by the roadside, and
+was informed by Capt. James Garnett, one of the staff, that the battery
+would soon pass along the road at the point we then were. Sitting down
+with my back against a tree I, of course, fell asleep. From this I was
+shortly roused by rapid firing close by, and saw our wagon-train
+scattered and fleeing across the fields, with horses at a run and hotly
+pursued by Federal cavalry, who, with reins on their horses' necks, were
+firing at them with repeating guns. I was overlooked and passed by in
+the chase as too small game for them.
+
+The road over which I had passed was in the form of a semi-circle, and
+to escape I obliqued across the fields to a point I had gone over an
+hour or two before, where it crossed Sailor's Creek. Along the road,
+ascending the hill on the south side of the creek, I found several
+brigades of our infantry, commanded by Ex-Governor Billy Smith, Gen.
+Custis Lee and Colonel Crutchfield, halted in the road and exposed to a
+sharp artillery fire, which, notwithstanding the fact that the place was
+heavily wooded, was very accurate and searching. Colonel Crutchfield was
+killed here, his head being taken off by a solid shot. This was not a
+comfortable place in which to linger while waiting for the battery, but
+comfortable places in that neighborhood seemed exceedingly scarce.
+
+[Illustration: JOHN M. BROWN]
+
+Very soon my friend, Henry Wise, who was a lieutenant in Huger's
+battalion of artillery, appeared on horseback and informed me that
+almost all of the cannoneers of his battalion had just been captured and
+that he was then in search of men to take their places. I offered my
+services, and, following the directions he gave, soon found his guns,
+and was assigned to a number at one of them by Lieut. George Poindexter,
+another old acquaintance of Lexington.
+
+The infantry at this part of the line was what was left of Pickett's
+division, among whom I recognized and chatted with other old friends of
+the Virginia Military Institute as we sat resignedly waiting for the
+impending storm to burst. The Federal cavalry which had passed me
+previously in pursuit of our wagons, quartermasters, etc., was part of a
+squadron that had gotten in rear of Pickett's men and given General
+Pickett and staff a hot chase for some distance along the line of his
+command. Some of their men and horses were killed in their eagerness to
+overhaul the General. It was perfectly evident that our thin line of
+battle was soon to be assaulted, as the enemy's skirmishers were
+advancing on our front and right flank and his cannon sweeping the
+position from our left. We were not long in suspense. Almost
+simultaneously we were raked by missiles from three directions. To have
+offered resistance would have been sheer folly. In fifteen minutes the
+few survivors of Pickett's immortal division had been run over and
+captured, together with the brigades which were posted on their left.
+
+Lieutenant Wise having failed to receive any other cannoneers to replace
+those previously captured, the guns, without firing a shot, were left
+standing unlimbered. As we started in haste to retire, he and Poindexter
+being mounted, expressed great concern lest I, being on foot, should be
+captured. Just as they left me, however, and while the air seemed filled
+with flying lead and iron, I came upon one of the ambulance corps who
+was trying to lead an unruly horse. It was a Federal cavalry horse,
+whose rider had been killed in pursuit of General Pickett. In the
+horse's efforts to break loose, the two saddles he was carrying had
+slipped from his back and were dangling underneath, which increased his
+fright. I suggested to the man that, to escape capture, he had better
+give me the horse, as he seemed to be afraid to ride him. To this he
+readily assented, and, with his knife, cut one saddle loose, set the
+other on his back, and handed me the halter-strap as I mounted. The
+terrified animal, without bridle or spur, was off like a flash, and in a
+few minutes had carried me out of the melée. I still have and prize the
+saddle. The few who escaped from this affair, known as the battle of
+Sailor's Creek, by retreating a mile north came in proximity to another
+column of our troops marching on a parallel road.
+
+As I rode up I saw General Lee dismounted and standing on a railroad
+embankment, intently observing our fleeing men, who now began to throng
+about him. He very quietly but firmly let them know that it would be
+best not to collect in groups; the importance of which they at once
+understood and acted on.
+
+Approaching night, which on previous occasions, when conditions were
+reversed, had interfered to our disadvantage, now shielded us from
+further pursuit. It can readily be seen what demoralization would follow
+such an exhibition of our utter helplessness. But still there seemed to
+be no alternative but to prolong the agony, although perfectly assured
+that we could not escape death or capture, and that in a very brief
+time. Soon after nightfall I found our battery, which had traveled over
+a shorter and less exposed road, and thereby escaped the adventures
+which had fallen to my lot. Our course was now toward High Bridge, which
+spans the Appomattox River near Farmville. On we toiled throughout the
+night, making very slow progress, but not halting until near noon the
+following day. Under present conditions there were not the ordinary
+inducements to make a halt, as food for man and beast was not in
+evidence. I had not eaten a bite for forty-eight hours. Notwithstanding
+this, and as if to draw attention from our empty stomachs, orders came
+to countermarch and meet a threatened attack on the line in our rear. To
+this the two guns with their detachments promptly responded, reported to
+General Mahone and took part with his division in a spirited battle at
+Cumberland Church.
+
+It has been stated, by those who had opportunities of knowing, that
+Mahone's division was never driven from its position in battle
+throughout the four years of the war. True or not, it held good in this
+case, and those of our battery who took part with them were enthusiastic
+over the gallant fight they made under circumstances that were not
+inspiring. There being a surplus of men to man our two guns, Lieut. Cole
+Davis and Billy McCauley procured muskets and took part with the
+infantry sharpshooters. McCauley was killed. He was a model soldier,
+active and wiry as a cat and tough as a hickory sapling. He had seen
+infantry service before joining our battery, and, as already mentioned,
+had "rammed home" one hundred and seventy-five shells in the first
+battle of Fredericksburg. Another member of our company, Launcelot
+Minor, a boy of less than eighteen years, was shot through the lungs by
+a Minie-ball. Although he was thought to be dying, our old ambulance
+driver, John L. Moore, insisted on putting him into the ambulance, in
+which he eventually hauled him to his home in Albemarle County, fifty or
+sixty miles distant. After some days he regained consciousness,
+recovered entirely, and is now a successful and wealthy lawyer in
+Arkansas, and rejoices in meeting his old comrades at reunions. His
+first meeting with Moore after the incident related above was at a
+reunion of our company in Richmond thirty years after the war, and their
+greeting of each other was a memorable one.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIX
+
+APPOMATTOX
+
+
+Another night was now at hand, and while it might be supposed that
+nothing could be added to intensify the suspense there certainly was
+nothing to allay it. Although there was little left to destroy, we
+passed heaps of burning papers, abandoned wagons, etc., along the
+roadsides.
+
+As each new scene or condition in our lives gives rise to some new and
+corresponding feeling or emotion, our environment at this time was such
+as to evoke sensations of dread and apprehension hitherto unknown.
+Moving parallel with us, and extending its folds like some huge reptile,
+was an army equipped with the best the world could afford--three-fold
+greater in numbers than our own--which in four years had never succeeded
+in defeating us in a general battle, but which we had repeatedly routed
+and driven to cover. Impatient of delay in effecting our overthrow in
+battle, in order to starve us out, marauding bands had scoured the
+country, leaving ashes and desolation in their wake.
+
+That now their opportunity to pay up old scores had come, we fully
+realized, and anticipated with dread the day of reckoning. General
+Grant, who was Commander-in-Chief of all the Federal armies, and at
+present personally in command of the army about us, was by no means
+regarded as a man of mercy. He had positively refused to exchange
+prisoners, thousands of whom on both sides were languishing and dying in
+the hands of their captors. It should be borne in mind, in this
+connection, that the offers to exchange had come from the Confederate
+authorities, and for the last two years of the war had been invariably
+rejected by the Federal Government. In the campaign beginning in May,
+1864, and ending with the evacuation of Richmond, Grant's army had
+sustained a loss greater in number than that of the whole army opposed
+to him.
+
+Among the ranks were foreigners of every nationality. I had seen, as
+prisoners in our hands, a whole brigade of Germans who could not speak a
+word of English. During the preceding winter we had been confronted with
+regiments of our former slaves. Our homes and people we were leaving
+behind to the mercy of these hordes, as if forever.
+
+Another and by no means unimportant consideration was whether to remain
+and meet results with the command, or for each man to shift for himself.
+Setting out from Richmond on the preceding Sunday, with no accumulation
+of vigor to draw on, we had passed a week with food and sleep scarcely
+sufficient for one day; and to cope with such exigencies as now
+confronted us, what a part the stomach does play! All in all, it was a
+situation of a lifetime that will ever abide in the gloomy recesses of
+memory. About eight o'clock on Sunday morning, April 9, as our two guns
+were entering the little village of Appomattox, several cannon-shots
+sounded in quick succession immediately in our front. Without word of
+command we came to our last halt.
+
+Turning out of the road we went into park, unhitched our hungry horses,
+and awaited developments. During the two preceding days several written
+communications had passed between Generals Lee and Grant, of which we
+knew nothing. Our suspense, however, was soon interrupted by the
+appearance of a Confederate officer, accompanied by a Federal officer
+with long, flowing yellow hair, and waving a white handkerchief as they
+galloped by. This was General Custer, of cavalry fame, and the
+conspicuous hero and victim of the Indian massacre, which bore his name,
+in Idaho ten years later.
+
+Several sharp encounters had occurred during the morning, in which our
+men displayed the same unflinching valor, capturing in a charge a
+Federal major-general (Gregg) and two pieces of artillery; but now all
+firing had ceased, and the stillness that followed was oppressive. As
+soon as it became known that General Lee had surrendered, although for
+days it had been perfectly understood that such a result was
+inevitable, there was for a time no little excitement and commotion
+among the men. That we should be subjected to abhorrent humiliation was
+conceived as a matter of course, and, to avoid it, all sorts of efforts
+and plans to escape were discussed. The one controlling influence,
+however, to allay such a feeling was the unbounded and unimpaired
+confidence in General Lee. The conduct and bearing of the men were
+characterized by the same sterling qualities they had always displayed.
+The only exhibition of petulance that I witnessed was by a staff officer
+who bore no scars or other evidence of hardships undergone, but who
+acquired great reputation after the war. He "could not submit to such
+degradation," etc., threw away his spurs and chafed quite dramatically.
+When a bystander suggested that we cut our way out, he objected that we
+had no arms. "We can follow those that have," was the reply, "and use
+the guns of those that fall!" He did not accede to the proposition; but
+later I heard him insist that one of our drivers should let him have his
+spurs, as he, the driver, would have no further use for them; but he did
+not get the spurs.
+
+By noon, or soon thereafter, the terms of the surrender were made
+known--terms so generous, considerate, and unlooked-for as scarcely
+believed to be possible. None of that exposure to the gaze and
+exultation of a victorious foe, such as we had seen pictured in our
+school-books, or as practised by conquering nations in all times. We
+had felt it as not improbable that, after an ordeal of mortifying
+exposure for the gratification of the military, we would be paraded
+through Northern cities for the benefit of jeering crowds. So, when we
+learned that we should be paroled, and go to our homes unmolested, the
+relief was unbounded.
+
+Early in the afternoon General Lee, mounted on "Traveler" and clad in a
+spotless new uniform, passed along on his return from an interview with
+General Grant. I stood close by the roadside, along which many of his
+old soldiers had gathered, in anticipation of his coming, and, in a life
+of more than three-score years, with perhaps more than ordinary
+opportunities of seeing inspiring sights, both of God's and man's
+creation, the impression and effect of General Lee's face and appearance
+as he rode by, hat in hand, stands pre-eminent. A few of the men started
+to cheer, but almost instantly ceased, and stood in silence with the
+others--all with heads bared.
+
+The favorable and entirely unexpected terms of surrender wonderfully
+restored our souls; and at once plans, first for returning to our homes,
+and then for starting life anew, afforded ample interest and
+entertainment. One of the privileges granted in the terms of surrender
+was the retention, by officers and cavalrymen, of their own horses. My
+recent acquisition at Sailor's Creek had put me in possession of a
+horse, but to retain him was the difficulty, as I was neither officer
+nor cavalryman. Buoyed up with the excitement of bursting shells and
+the noise of battle, he had carried me out gamely, but, this over, there
+was but little life in him. I transferred the saddle and bridle to a
+horse abandoned in the road with some artillery, and left my old
+benefactor standing, with limbs wide apart and head down, for his
+original owners.
+
+[Illustration: FAC-SIMILE OF PAROLE SIGNED BY GENERAL PENDLETON]
+
+To accomplish my purpose of going out with a horse, two obstacles had
+first to be overcome. Being only a cannoneer, I was not supposed to own
+a horse, so I must be something else. I laid the case before General
+Pendleton, our old neighbor in Lexington, and my former school-teacher.
+It was rather late to give me a commission, but he at once appointed me
+a courier on his staff, and as such I was paroled, and still have the
+valued little paper, a _fac-simile_ of which is shown opposite.
+
+The next difficulty to be met, the horse I had exchanged for was branded
+C. S., and, even if allowed to pass then, I feared would be confiscated
+later. There was a handsome sorrel, also branded C. S., among our
+battery horses, to which Lieut. Ned Dandridge, of General Pendleton's
+staff, had taken a fancy. For the sorrel he substituted a big, bony
+young bay of his own. I replaced the bay with my C. S. horse, and was
+now equipped for peace. The branded sorrel was soon taken by the
+Federals.
+
+After resting and fattening my bay, I sold him for a good price, and was
+thus enabled to return to Washington College and serve again under
+General Lee.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX
+
+
+Under an act of the General Assembly of Virginia, 1898, the Camps of
+Confederate Veterans, organized in the several cities and towns of the
+Commonwealth, were authorized to prepare lists of the citizens of their
+respective counties who served as soldiers during the war between the
+States, and of those belonging to such companies, and these lists were
+to be duly recorded by the Clerks of the County Courts of the counties
+and kept among the Court Records. The following list is taken from this
+record, and is as nearly accurate as is possible at this date:
+
+
+ROCKBRIDGE ARTILLERY
+
+ROLL OF COMPANY [The names with a star prefixed are the men from
+Rockbridge County.]
+
+The enrollment of the Rockbridge Artillery began April 19, 1861, and by
+the 21st the company numbered about seventy men, and was organized by
+the election of the following officers: Captain, John McCausland; and J.
+Bowyer Brockenbrough, Wm. McLaughlin and Wm. T. Poague, lieutenants.
+Captain McCausland soon thereafter was made lieutenant-colonel and
+ordered to the western part of the State. On the 29th of April the
+company unanimously elected Rev. Wm. N. Pendleton captain.
+
+The company left Lexington for the seat of war May 10, 1861, with two
+small, brass six-pounders obtained at the Virginia Military Institute.
+It was regularly mustered into the Confederate service at Staunton,
+Virginia, on May 11, and at once ordered to Harper's Ferry, where it
+received two more guns. After the First Brigade was organized, under
+Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, the Rockbridge Artillery was assigned to it, and
+continued a component part of the Stonewall Brigade, in touch with and
+occupying the same positions with it in all its battles and skirmishes
+up to Sharpsburg.
+
+Upon the reorganization of the artillery, in October, 1862, the battery
+was assigned to the First Regiment Virginia Artillery, under the command
+of Col. J. Thompson Brown, and continued with it till the close of the
+war. The first fight it was engaged in, and which made a part of its
+history, occurred July 2 near Hainesville, when General Patterson
+crossed the Potomac and advanced on Winchester. But one piece was
+engaged, and this fired the first shot from a Confederate gun in the
+Shenandoah Valley.
+
+The battery had five captains from first to last: First, John
+McCausland, afterward brigadier-general of cavalry; second, Rev. Wm. N.
+Pendleton, D. D., in command from May 1, 1861, until after the first
+battle of Manassas, afterward brigadier-general and chief of artillery
+in the Army of Northern Virginia; third, Wm. McLaughlin, afterward
+lieutenant-colonel of artillery, in command until April 2, 1862; fourth,
+Wm. T. Poague, afterward lieutenant-colonel of artillery, Army of
+Northern Virginia, in command until after the first battle of
+Fredericksburg; fifth, Archibald Graham, from that time until the
+surrender at Appomattox, at which place ninety-three men and officers
+laid down their arms.
+
+This company had the reputation of being one of the finest companies in
+the service. So high was the intellectual quality of the men that
+forty-five were commissioned as officers and assigned to other companies
+in the service. Many of them reached high distinction. At no time during
+the war did this company want for recruits, but it was so popular that
+it always had a list from which it could fill its ranks, which were
+sometimes depleted by its heavy casualties and numerous promotions from
+its roster.
+
+The following officers and men were mustered into the service of the
+Confederate States at Staunton, Virginia, on the 11th day of May, 1861:
+
+*Captain W. N. Pendleton; brigadier-general, chief of artillery A. N. V.;
+paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*First Lieutenant J. B. Brockenbrough; wounded at first Manassas;
+captain Baltimore Artillery, major of artillery A. N. V.
+
+*Second Lieutenant Wm. McLaughlin; captain; lieutenant-colonel of
+artillery.
+
+*Second Lieutenant W. T. Poague; captain; lieutenant-colonel of
+artillery A. N. V.; wounded at second Cold Harbor; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*First Sergeant J. McD. Alexander; lieutenant Rockbridge Artillery;
+entered cavalry.
+
+*Second Sergeant J. Cole Davis; lieutenant Rockbridge Artillery; wounded
+at Port Republic; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Third Sergeant Archibald Graham; lieutenant and captain Rockbridge
+Artillery; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+
+PRIVATES
+
+*Agner, Jos. S.; killed at Fredericksburg December 13, 1862.
+
+*Ayres, Jas.; discharged for physical disability August, 1861.
+
+*Ayres, N. B.; deserted, went into Federal army.
+
+*Anderson, S. D.; killed at Kernstown March 23, 1862.
+
+*Beard, John; killed at Fredericksburg December 13, 1862.
+
+*Beard, W. B.; died from effects of measles summer of 1861.
+
+*Bain, Samuel.
+
+*Brockenbrough, W. N.; corporal; transferred to Baltimore Light
+Artillery.
+
+*Brown, W. M.; corporal, sergeant, lieutenant; wounded and captured at
+Gettysburg.
+
+*Bumpus, W. N.; corporal; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Conner, Blain; discharged for physical disability in spring, 1861.
+
+*Conner, George; arm broken by stallion; absent after winter of 1861-62.
+
+*Conner, Jas. A.; wounded at Sharpsburg and Gettysburg; took the oath in
+prison and joined Federal army and fought Indians in Northwest.
+
+*Conner, John C.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Coffee, A. W.
+
+*Craig, John B.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Crosen, W.
+
+*Curran, Daniel; died from disease in summer of 1862.
+
+*Davis, Mark; deserted.
+
+*Davis, R. G.; died from disease in 1861.
+
+*Doran, John; wounded at Malvern Hill in 1862; disabled.
+
+*Dudley, R. M.
+
+*Ford, Henry; discharged after one year.
+
+*Ford, Jas. A.; wounded.
+
+*Gibbs, J. T., Jr.; wounded at Port Republic June 22, 1862; died from
+disease.
+
+*Gold, J. M.; captured at Gettysburg and died in prison.
+
+*Gordon, W. C.; wounded at Fredericksburg; disabled.
+
+*Harris, Alex.; captured at Gettysburg and died in prison.
+
+*Harris, Bowlin; captured at Gettysburg; kept in prison.
+
+*Hetterick, Ferdinand; discharged after one year.
+
+*Henry, N. S.; corporal, sergeant; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Hughes, Wm.; discharged.
+
+*Hostetter, G. W.; transferred to infantry.
+
+*Johnson, Lawson; died in summer of 1861.
+
+*Johnson, W. F.; corporal, quartermaster sergeant; paroled at
+Appomattox.
+
+*Jordan, J. W.; wounded at first Manassas; corporal, sergeant,
+lieutenant; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Leopard, Jas.; transferred to Carpenter's battery.
+
+*Lewis, Henry P.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Lewis, R. P.; transferred to cavalry in spring of 1862.
+
+*Leyburn, John; lieutenant Rockbridge Artillery; surgeon on privateer.
+
+*Martin, Thomas; wounded and captured at Gettysburg.
+
+*McCampbell, D. A.; died from disease in December, 1864.
+
+*McCampbell, W. H.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*McCluer, John G.; corporal Rockbridge Artillery; transferred to
+cavalry.
+
+*McCorkle, J. Baxter; corporal, sergeant, lieutenant Rockbridge
+Artillery; killed at first Fredericksburg.
+
+*Montgomery, W. G.; killed at first Fredericksburg.
+
+*Moore, D. E.; corporal, sergeant; wounded at Winchester and at Malvern
+Hill; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Moore, John D.; quartermaster sergeant; captured after Gettysburg,
+prisoner until close of war.
+
+*Moore, Samuel R.; mortally wounded at Sharpsburg.
+
+*Morgan, G. W.; sick and absent most of the time.
+
+*O'Rourke, Frank; wounded at Malvern Hill; deserted.
+
+*Paxton, J. Lewis; sergeant; lost leg at Kernstown.
+
+*Phillips, James.
+
+*Preston, Frank; lost an arm at Winchester May 25, 1862; captain
+Virginia Military Institute Company.
+
+*Raynes, A. G.; detailed as miller.
+
+*Rader, D. P.; wounded at Fredericksburg December 13, 1862.
+
+*Rhodes, J. N.; discharged, over age.
+
+*Smith, Joseph S.; transferred to cavalry; killed in battle.
+
+*Smith, S. C.; corporal, sergeant; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Smith, Adam; discharged after one year.
+
+*Strickler, James.
+
+*Strickler, W. L.; corporal, sergeant; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Silvey, James; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Tharp, Benjamin F.; transferred to cavalry in spring of 1862.
+
+*Thompson, John A.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Thompson, S. G.
+
+*Tompkins, J. F.; corporal; detailed in Ordnance Department.
+
+*Trevy, Jacob; wounded at Gettysburg; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Wallace, John; killed at Kernstown March 23, 1862.
+
+*Wilson, S. A.; discharged for physical disability August, 1861; joined
+cavalry.
+
+The following joined the battery after May 11, 1861; dates of enlistment
+being given as far as known:
+
+*Adams, Thomas T.; enlisted 1863; discharged; later killed in battle.
+
+*Adkins, Blackburn; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Agner, Oscar W.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Agner, John; enlisted July 21, 1861.
+
+*Agner, Jonathan; enlisted July 29, 1861; killed at Kernstown May 25,
+1862.
+
+*Agner, Samuel S.; enlisted fall of 1862.
+
+Alexander, Edgar S.; enlisted September 2, 1861; lost an arm at
+Fredericksburg, 1862.
+
+Alexander, Eugene; enlisted August 23, 1861; wounded at second Manassas;
+transferred to cavalry.
+
+Armisted, Charles J.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Arnold, A. E.; enlisted September 1, 1861; corporal, assistant surgeon.
+
+Bacon, Edloe P.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Bacon, Edloe P., Jr.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Baldwin, William Ludlow; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Barger, William G.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Barton, David R.; enlisted June 27, 1861; lieutenant in Cutshaw's
+battery; killed.
+
+Barton, Robert T.; enlisted March 7, 1862.
+
+Bedinger, G. R.; July 9, 1861; transferred to infantry; killed at
+Gettysburg; captain.
+
+Bealle, Jerry T.; enlisted November 21, 1861.
+
+Bell, Robert S.; enlisted November 19, 1861; killed at Rappahannock
+Station.
+
+*Black, Benjamin F.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Blain, Daniel; enlisted May 27, 1861; detailed in Ordnance Department;
+paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Blackford, L. M.; enlisted September 2, 1861; adjutant Twenty-sixth
+Virginia Infantry.
+
+Boiling, W. H.; enlisted March 10, 1862; corporal.
+
+Boteler, A. R., Jr.; enlisted March 1, 1862; wounded May 25, 1862.
+
+Boteler, Charles P.; enlisted October 23, 1861; transferred to cavalry.
+
+Boteler, Henry; enlisted October 10, 1861; corporal; paroled at
+Appomattox.
+
+Boyd, E. Holmes; enlisted June 28, 1861; transferred to Ordnance
+Department.
+
+Brooke, Pendleton; enlisted October 28, 1861; discharged for physical
+disability.
+
+Brown, H. C.; enlisted 1862; detailed in Signal Corps.
+
+*Brown, John L.; enlisted July 23, 1861; killed at Malvern Hill.
+
+Brown, John M.; enlisted March 11, 1862; wounded at Malvern Hill;
+paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Bryan, Edward; enlisted November 22, 1861.
+
+Burwell, Lewis P.; enlisted September 21, 1861; transferred.
+
+Byers, G. Newton; enlisted August 23, 1861; corporal; paroled at
+Appomattox.
+
+*Byrd, W. H.; enlisted August 15, 1861; killed at Kernstown March 23,
+1862.
+
+*Byrd, William.
+
+*Carson, William; enlisted July 23, 1861; corporal; paroled at
+Appomattox.
+
+Caruthers, Thornton; enlisted December 21, 1862.
+
+*Chapin, W. T.
+
+Clark, James G.; enlisted June 15, 1861; transferred.
+
+Clark, J. Gregory; enlisted July 16, 1862; transferred.
+
+Cook, Richard D.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Compton, Robert K.; enlisted July 25, 1861; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Conner, Alexander; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded May 25, 1862, at
+Winchester; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Conner, Daniel; enlisted July 27, 1862.
+
+*Conner, Fitz G.
+
+*Conner, Henry C.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Cox, W. H.; enlisted July 23, 1861.
+
+*Craig, Joseph E.; enlisted March 2, 1863.
+
+*Crocken, Francis J.; enlisted March 21, 1862.
+
+Dandridge, Stephen A.; enlisted 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Darnall, Andrew M.; captured at Deep Bottom.
+
+Darnall, Henry T.; enlisted July 23, 1861; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Davis, Charles W.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Davis, James M. M.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Davis, John E.; died from disease June, 1864.
+
+*Dixon, W. H. H.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded December 13, 1862;
+paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Dold, C. M.; enlisted March 3, 1862; wounded at Newtown; paroled at
+Appomattox.
+
+Effinger, W. H.; wounded at Sharpsburg; transferred to engineers.
+
+Emmett, Michael J.; enlisted June 15, 1861; wounded and captured at
+Gettysburg.
+
+Eppes, W. H.; wounded September, 1862.
+
+*Estill, W. C.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Fairfax, Randolph; enlisted August 10, 1861; wounded at Malvern Hill;
+killed at first Fredericksburg.
+
+Faulkner, E. Boyd; enlisted July 23, 1862; detailed at headquarters.
+
+Fishburne, C. D.; enlisted June 21, 1861; sergeant; lieutenant in
+Ordnance Department.
+
+Foutz, Henry; enlisted September 6, 1862; killed at first
+Fredericksburg.
+
+Frazer, Robert; enlisted November 28, 1862; wounded at first
+Fredericksburg.
+
+Friend, Ben C. M.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Fuller, John; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded at Malvern Hill; killed
+at first Fredericksburg.
+
+Garnett, James M.; enlisted July 17, 1861; lieutenant on staff.
+
+Gerardi, Edward.
+
+Gibson, Henry B.; enlisted May 13, 1862.
+
+Gibson, John T.; enlisted August 14, 1861.
+
+Gibson, Robert A.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Gilliam, William T.
+
+Gilmer, James B.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Gilmore, J. Harvey; enlisted March 7, 1862; chaplain.
+
+*Ginger, George A.; enlisted March 6, 1862; wounded at Newtown; paroled
+at Appomattox.
+
+*Ginger, W. L.; enlisted March 6, 1862; wounded and captured at
+Gettysburg; prisoner till close of war.
+
+*Gold, Alfred; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded at second Fredericksburg.
+
+Gooch, James T.; transferred from engineers in 1863; paroled at
+Appomattox.
+
+*Goul, John M.; enlisted June 14, 1861; chaplain A. N. V.; died of fever
+in service.
+
+*Gray, O. P.; enlisted March 21, 1862; killed at Kernstown March 23,
+1862.
+
+Gregory, John M.; enlisted September 7, 1861; wounded May 25, 1862;
+captain in Ordnance Department.
+
+*Green, Thomas; enlisted 1862; transferred.
+
+*Green, Zach.; enlisted 1862; transferred.
+
+Gross, Charles; enlisted July 27, 1862.
+
+*Hall, John F.; enlisted July 23, 1861; died near Richmond, 1862.
+
+Heiskell, J. Campbell; enlisted February 9, 1862; wounded in 1864;
+paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Heiskell, J. P.; enlisted 1862; discharged for physical disability.
+
+*Herndon, Francis T.; enlisted March 31, 1862; killed at Malvern Hill.
+
+Hitner, John K.; enlisted March 17, 1862; wounded.
+
+*Holmes, John A.; enlisted March 11, 1862.
+
+*Houston, James Rutherford; enlisted July 23, 1861.
+
+Houston, William W.; enlisted August 10, 1861; chaplain A. N. V.
+
+Hughes, William; enlisted July 23, 1861.
+
+Hummerickhouse, John R.; enlisted March 28, 1862.
+
+Hyde, Edward H.; enlisted March 28, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Johnson, Thomas E.
+
+Jones, Beverly R.; enlisted July 3, 1861.
+
+Kean, Otho G.; enlisted after capture at Vicksburg; paroled at
+Appomattox.
+
+Kean, William C.; enlisted fall of 1861; transferred.
+
+*Knick, William; enlisted August 11, 1862; mortally wounded at second
+Fredericksburg.
+
+Lacy, Richard B.
+
+Lacy, William S.; enlisted March 17, 1862; detailed in Signal Service;
+chaplain.
+
+Lawson, Joseph; enlisted July 20, 1863.
+
+Lawson, William; enlisted July 20, 1863.
+
+Leathers, John P.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Lecky, John H.; enlisted July 23, 1861; transferred to cavalry.
+
+Lee, Robert E., Jr.; enlisted March 26, 1862; lieutenant on staff, and
+captain.
+
+*Leech, James M.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Letcher, Samuel H.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Lewis, James P.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded.
+
+Lewis, Nicholas H.; enlisted June 17, 1861.
+
+*Link, David; transferred from Rice's battery.
+
+Luke, Williamson; enlisted October 7, 1861; soon transferred to cavalry.
+
+*McAlpin, Joseph; enlisted March 3, 1862; mortally wounded at first
+Fredericksburg.
+
+*McCauley, John E.; enlisted July 23, 1861; corporal, sergeant; paroled
+at Appomattox.
+
+*McCauley, William H.; transferred from infantry; corporal; killed April
+7, 1865.
+
+*McClintic, W. S.; enlisted October 4, 1861; wounded; paroled at
+Appomattox.
+
+*McCorkle, Tazwell E.; enlisted in Hamden Sidney Company in 1861;
+captured at Rich Mountain; joined battery in 1864.
+
+*McCorkle, Thomas E.; enlisted March 9, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*McCorkle, William A.; enlisted July 23, 1861; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*McCrum, R. Barton; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+McGuire, Hugh H., Jr.; enlisted March 10; transferred to cavalry;
+captain; killed.
+
+McKim, Robert B.; enlisted July 6, 1861; killed at Winchester May 25,
+1862.
+
+Macon, Lyttleton S.; enlisted June 27, 1861; corporal, sergeant;
+discharged.
+
+Magruder, Davenport D.; enlisted March 1, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Magruder, Horatio E.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Marshall, John J.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Marshall, Oscar M.; enlisted March 6, 1862.
+
+Massie, John Livingstone; enlisted May 15, 1861; captain of artillery;
+killed.
+
+*Mateer, Samuel L.; enlisted January 11, 1863; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Maury, Magruder; enlisted in fall of 1861; transferred to cavalry.
+
+Maury, Thompson B.; enlisted in fall of 1861; detailed in Signal
+Service.
+
+Meade, Francis A.; enlisted November, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Merrick, Alfred D.; enlisted December 30, 1861.
+
+Minor, Charles; enlisted November 16, 1861; transferred to engineers.
+
+Minor, Carter N. B.; enlisted July 27, 1861.
+
+Minor, Launcelot; wounded at Cumberland Church.
+
+*Moore, Edward A.; enlisted March 3, 1862; wounded at Sharpsburg and
+twice at second Cold Harbor; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Moore, John H.; transferred from Rockbridge Rifles in spring of 1861;
+wounded; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Moore, John L.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded.
+
+*Mooterspaugh, William; enlisted 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Montgomery, Ben T.; transferred from another battery; paroled at
+Appomattox.
+
+*Myers, John M.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Nelson, Francis K.; enlisted May 17, 1861; transferred to Albemarle
+Light Horse.
+
+Nelson, Kinloch; transferred from Albemarle Light Horse; disabled by
+caisson turning over on him.
+
+Nelson, Philip; enlisted July 27, 1861; discharged by furnishing
+substitute.
+
+*Nicely, George H.; enlisted March 7, 1862; died from disease, 1864.
+
+*Nicely, James W.; enlisted March 7, 1862; deserted.
+
+*Nicely, John F.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded at Port Republic.
+
+Otey, William M.; enlisted 1862; transferred soon thereafter.
+
+Packard, Joseph; enlisted July 7, 1861; corporal; lieutenant Ordnance
+Department.
+
+Packard, Walter J.; enlisted October 23, 1861; died summer of 1862.
+
+Page, Richard C. M.; enlisted July 14, 1861; transferred; captain; major
+artillery.
+
+Page, R. Powell; enlisted May 1, 1864; detailed courier to Colonel
+Carter.
+
+Paine, Henry M.
+
+*Paine, Henry R.; enlisted July 23, 1861; corporal, sergeant; killed at
+second Manassas.
+
+Paine, James A.
+
+*Paxton, Samuel A.; enlisted March 7, 1862.
+
+Pendleton, Dudley D.; enlisted June 19, 1861; captain and assistant
+adjutant-general, artillery A. N. V.
+
+*Pleasants, Robert A.; enlisted March 3, 1863.
+
+Pollard, James G.; enlisted July 27, 1864; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Porter, Mouina G.; enlisted September 24, 1861; detailed courier.
+
+*Phillips, Charles; detailed in Signal Service.
+
+*Pugh, George W.; enlisted March 6, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Pugh, John A.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Rawlings, James M.
+
+*Rentzell, George W.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded at Kernstown and
+disabled.
+
+*Robertson, John W.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Robinson, Arthur; enlisted March 28, 1862; mortally wounded at first
+Fredericksburg.
+
+*Root, Erastus C.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Ruffin, Jefferson; transferred from another battery; paroled at
+Appomattox.
+
+Rutledge, Charles A.; enlisted November 3, 1861; transferred.
+
+*Sandford, James; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Saville, John; enlisted July 23, 1861; transferred to cavalry; died in
+service.
+
+*Shaner, Joseph F.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded at first
+Fredericksburg; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Shaw, Campbell A.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Shoulder, Jacob M.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Singleton, William F.; enlisted June 3, 1861; wounded and captured at
+Port Republic.
+
+*Schammerhorn, John G.
+
+Smith, J. Howard; enlisted September 2, 1861; lieutenant in Ordnance
+Department.
+
+Smith, James P.; enlisted July 9, 1861; lieutenant and captain on staff
+of General Jackson.
+
+Smith, James Morrison.
+
+Smith, Summerfield; enlisted September 2, 1861; died from disease.
+
+Stuart, G. W. C.; enlisted May 13, 1862; wounded May 25, 1862; killed at
+second Fredericksburg.
+
+*Strickler, Joseph; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Stuart, W. C.; wounded at second Cold Harbor; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Swan, Minor W.; enlisted August 15, 1863; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Swan, Robert W.
+
+*Swisher, Benjamin R.; enlisted March 3, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Swisher, George W.; enlisted March 3, 1862; wounded May 25, 1862;
+paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Swisher, Samuel S.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Tate, James F.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Taylor, Charles F.
+
+Taylor, Stevens M.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Thompson, Ambrose; died July, 1864.
+
+*Thompson, Lucas P.; enlisted August 15, 1861; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Tidball, Thomas H.; enlisted March 3, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Timberlake, Francis H.
+
+*Tomlinson, James W.; enlisted July 23, 1861.
+
+Trice, Leroy F.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Trueheart, Charles W.; enlisted October 24, 1861; corporal, assistant
+surgeon.
+
+Tyler, D. Gardner; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Tyler, John Alexander; enlisted April, 1865; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Van Pelt, Robert; enlisted July 23, 1861.
+
+Veers, Charles O.; enlisted September 10, 1861; transferred to cavalry
+soon thereafter.
+
+*Vest, Andrew J.; enlisted July 23, 1861; discharged.
+
+*Wade, Thomas M.; enlisted March 7, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Walker, George A.; enlisted July 23, 1861; transferred to Carpenter's
+battery.
+
+*Walker, James S.; enlisted July 23, 1861; transferred to Carpenter's
+battery.
+
+*Walker, John W.; enlisted July 23, 1861; transferred to Carpenter's
+battery.
+
+Whitt, Algernon S.; enlisted August 8, 1861; corporal; paroled at
+Appomattox.
+
+*White, William H.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Williams, John J.; enlisted July 15, 1861; transferred to Chew's
+battery.
+
+*Williamson, Thomas; wounded at Gettysburg; escaped at Appomattox with
+the cavalry.
+
+*Williamson, William G.; enlisted July 5, 1861; captain of engineers.
+
+*Wilson, Calvin.
+
+*Wilson, John; enlisted July 22, 1861; prisoner after Gettysburg; took
+the oath.
+
+*Wiseman, William; enlisted March 10, 1862.
+
+*Wilson, Samuel A.; enlisted March 3, 1862; wounded at Gettysburg;
+captured; died in prison.
+
+*Wilson, William M.; enlisted August 12, 1861; corporal.
+
+Winston, Robert B.; enlisted August 25, 1861.
+
+*Withrow, John; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Woody, Henry; transferred from infantry, 1864; deserted.
+
+*Wright, John W.; enlisted 1864; wounded and disabled at Spottsylvania
+Court House.
+
+Young, Charles E.; enlisted March 17, 1862.
+
+
+The Rockbridge Artillery took part in the following engagements:
+
+   Hainesville, July 2, 1861.
+   First Manassas, July 21, 1861.
+   Kernstown, March 23, 1862.
+   Winchester, May 25, 1862.
+   Charlestown, May, 1862.
+   Port Republic, June 8 and 9, 1862.
+   White Oak Swamp, June 30, and Malvern Hill, July 1, 1862.
+   Cedar Run, August 9, 1862.
+   Second Manassas, August 28, 29 and 30, 1862.
+   Harper's Ferry, September 15, 1862.
+   Sharpsburg, September 17, 1862.
+   First Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862.
+   Second Fredericksburg, May 2 and 3, 1863.
+   Winchester, June 14, 1863.
+   Gettysburg, July 2 and 3, 1863.
+   Rappahannock Bridge, November 9, 1863.
+   Mine Run, November 27, 1863.
+   Spottsylvania Court House, May 12, 1864.
+   Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864.
+   Deep Bottom, July 27, 1864.
+   New Market Heights, September, 1864.
+   Fort Gilmore, 1864.
+   Cumberland Church, April 7, 1865.
+
+The battery saw much service in fighting gunboats on James River, and
+took part in many skirmishes not mentioned.
+
+The number of men, enrolled as above, is three hundred and five (305),
+of whom one hundred and seventy-three (173) were from the county of
+Rockbridge. Of the remainder, a large part were students, college
+graduates, University of Virginia men, and some divinity students.
+These, with the sturdy men from among the farmers and business men of
+Rockbridge, made up a company admirably fitted for the artillery
+service.
+
+The efficiency of the battery was due in no small part to its capacity
+for rapid marching and maneuvering, and this to the care and management
+of the horses mainly by men from this county. In the spring of 1862 a
+large number of men was recruited for the battery, whose names are not
+on the above roll, and some of whom were engaged in the battle of
+Kernstown. In April, 1862, while encamped at Swift Run Gap, authority
+was given by General Jackson to reorganize the battery, making three
+companies thereof, with the view to form a battalion. Immediately after
+two companies had been organized by the election of officers, the
+authority for making three companies was revoked, and an order issued
+to form one company only, and giving to all the men not embraced in this
+one company the privilege of selecting a company in any branch of the
+service. A large number of men, thus temporarily connected with the
+Rockbridge Artillery, availed themselves of this privilege whose names
+do not appear on the above roll. It would now be impossible to make up
+this list.
+
+
+RECAPITULATION
+
+Enrolled as above, three hundred and five (305).
+
+Number from Rockbridge County, one hundred and seventy-three (173).
+
+Killed in battle, twenty-three (23).
+
+Died of disease contracted in service, sixteen (16).
+
+Wounded more or less severely, forty-nine (49).
+
+Slightly wounded, names not given, about fifty (50).
+
+Discharged from service for disability incurred therein, ten (10).
+
+Took the oath of allegiance to Federal Government while in prison, two
+(2).
+
+Deserted, five (5).
+
+Promoted to be commissioned officers, thirty-nine (39).
+
+Paroled at Appomattox, ninety-three (93).
+
+So great was the loss of horses, there having been over a hundred in
+this battery killed in battle, that during the last year of the war they
+were unhitched from the guns after going into action and taken to the
+rear for safety.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Story of a Cannoneer Under
+Stonewall Jackson, by Edward A. Moore
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+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE STORY OF A CANNONEER ***
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+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Story Of A Cannoneer Under Stonewall Jackson, by Edward A. Moore.
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Story of a Cannoneer Under Stonewall
+Jackson, by Edward A. Moore
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Story of a Cannoneer Under Stonewall Jackson
+
+Author: Edward A. Moore
+
+Release Date: July 13, 2007 [EBook #22067]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE STORY OF A CANNONEER ***
+
+
+
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+Produced by Suzanne Shell,Graeme Mackreth and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
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+</pre>
+
+
+
+<h1>THE STORY OF A CANNONEER UNDER STONEWALL JACKSON</h1>
+<p class="center">
+<img src="images/illus01.jpg" alt="Jackson"  />
+<a id="illus01" name="illus01"></a>
+</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'> <span class="smcap">General "Stonewall" Jackson</span></p>
+
+
+
+<h2>
+The Story of a Cannoneer
+Under Stonewall Jackson
+</h2>
+
+
+<h3>
+IN WHICH IS TOLD THE PART TAKEN BY THE
+ROCKBRIDGE ARTILLERY IN THE ARMY
+OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA
+</h3>
+
+
+
+<h3>BY</h3>
+<h2>EDWARD A. MOORE</h2>
+<h4>Of the Rockbridge Artillery
+</h4>
+
+
+<h4>
+WITH INTRODUCTIONS BY</h4>
+<h3>CAPT. ROBERT E. LEE, JR., and HON. HENRY
+ST. GEORGE TUCKER
+</h3>
+
+
+<p class='center'><small><i>Fully Illustrated by Portraits</i></small></p>
+
+
+<p class='center'><small>
+NEW YORK AND WASHINGTON<br />
+THE NEALE PUBLISHING COMPANY<br />
+1907</small>
+</p>
+
+<p class='center'><small>Copyright, 1907, by</small></p>
+
+<h5>E. A. MOORE</h5>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><span class="smcap">To My Comrades</span></h2>
+
+<h4>OF THE</h4>
+
+<h3>ROCKBRIDGE ARTILLERY</h3>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>CONTENTS</h2>
+
+
+<p>
+<a href="#INTRODUCTION_BY_CAPT_ROBERT_E_LEE_JR">Introduction by Capt. Robert E. Lee, Jr</a><br />
+<br />
+<a href="#INTRODUCTION_BY_HENRY_ST_GEORGE_TUCKER">Introduction by Henry St. George Tucker </a><br />
+</p>
+<ul class="TOC">
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_I">&mdash;Washington College&mdash;Lexington&mdash;Virginia Military
+Institute </a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_II">&mdash;Entering the Service&mdash;My First Battle&mdash;Battle of
+Kernstown  </a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_III">&mdash;The Retreat&mdash;Cedar Creek&mdash;General
+Ashby&mdash;Skirmishes&mdash;McGaheysville </a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_IV">&mdash;Swift Run Gap&mdash;Reorganization of the Battery&mdash;Wading
+in the Mud&mdash;Crossing and Recrossing the Blue Ridge&mdash;Battle
+of McDowell&mdash;Return to the Valley  </a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_V">&mdash;Bridgewater&mdash;Luray Valley&mdash;Front Royal&mdash;Following
+General Banks&mdash;Night March&mdash;Battle of
+Winchester&mdash;Banks's Retreat  </a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_VI">&mdash;Capturing Federal Cavalry&mdash;Charlestown&mdash;Extraordinary
+March </a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_VII">&mdash;General Jackson Narrowly Escapes Being Captured
+at Port Republic&mdash;Contest Between Confederates
+and Federals for Bridge over Shenandoah   </a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_VIII">&mdash;Battle of Port Republic</a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_IX">&mdash;From Brown's Gap to Staunton&mdash;From Staunton
+to Richmond&mdash;Cold Harbor&mdash;General Lee Visits
+His Son in the Battery   </a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_X">&mdash;General Jackson Compliments the Battery&mdash;Malvern
+Hill&mdash;My Visit to Richmond </a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_XI">&mdash;From Richmond to Gordonsville&mdash;Battle of Cedar
+Run&mdash;Death of General Winder&mdash;Deserters Shot&mdash;Cross
+the Rappahannock </a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_XII">&mdash;Capture of Railroad Trains at Manassas Junction&mdash;Battle
+with Taylor's New Jersey Brigade&mdash;Night March by Light of
+Burning Cars</a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_XIII">&mdash;Circuitous Night March&mdash;First Day of Second
+Manassas&mdash;Arrival of Longstreet's Corps  </a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_XIV">&mdash;The Second Battle of Manassas&mdash;Incidents and
+Scenes on the Battlefield </a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_XV">&mdash;Battle of Chantilly&mdash;Leesburg&mdash;Crossing the Potomac </a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_XVI">&mdash;Maryland&mdash;My Day in Frederick City</a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_XVII">&mdash;Return to Virginia&mdash;Investment and Capture of
+Harper's Ferry </a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_XVIII">&mdash;Into Maryland Again&mdash;Battle of
+Sharpsburg&mdash;Wounded&mdash;Return to Winchester&mdash;Home</a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_XIX">&mdash;Return to Army&mdash;In Winter-quarters Near Port
+Royal </a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_XX">&mdash;Second Battle of Fredericksburg&mdash;Chancellorsville&mdash;Wounding
+and Death of Stonewall Jackson </a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_XXI">&mdash;Opening of Campaign of 1863&mdash;Crossing to the
+Valley&mdash;Battle at Winchester with Milroy&mdash;Crossing
+the Potomac  </a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_XXII">&mdash;On the Way to Gettysburg&mdash;Battle of
+Gettysburg&mdash;Retreat.  </a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_XXIII">&mdash;At "The Bower"&mdash;Return to Orange County, Virginia&mdash;Blue
+Run Church&mdash;Bristow Station&mdash;Rappahannock Bridge&mdash;Supplementing
+Camp Rations</a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_XXIV">&mdash;Battle of Mine Run&mdash;March to Frederick's
+Hall&mdash;Winter-quarters&mdash;Social Affairs&mdash;Again to the
+Front&mdash;Narrow Escape from Capture by General
+Dahlgren&mdash;Furloughs&mdash;Cadets Return from
+New Market&mdash;Spottsylvania and the Wilderness&mdash;Return
+to Army at Hanover Junction&mdash;Panic
+at Night  </a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_XXV">&mdash;Second Cold Harbor&mdash;Wounded&mdash;Return Home&mdash;Refugeeing
+from Hunter </a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_XXVI">&mdash;Personal Mention of Officers and Men&mdash;Rockbridge
+Artillery&mdash;Second Rockbridge Artillery  </a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_XXVII">&mdash;Oakland&mdash;Return to Camp&mdash;Off Duty Again&mdash;The
+Race from New Market to Fort Gilmore&mdash;Attack
+on Fort Harrison&mdash;Winter-quarters
+on the Lines&mdash;Visits to Richmond </a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_XXVIII">&mdash;Evacuation of Richmond&mdash;Passing Through
+Richmond by Night&mdash;The Retreat&mdash;Battle of
+Sailor's Creek&mdash;Battle of Cumberland
+Church</a>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#CHAPTER_XXIX">&mdash;Appomattox  </a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+<a href="#APPENDIX">Appendix</a>
+</p>
+
+<h3>LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS</h3>
+
+<p>
+
+<br />
+<a href='#illus01'>General "Stonewall" Jackson </a> <br />
+<br />
+<a href='#illus02'>Captain William T. Poague, April, 1862&mdash;April, 1863</a><br />
+<br />
+<a href='#illus03'>Gun from which was fired the first hostile cannon-shot
+in the Valley of Virginia </a>                                          <br />
+<br />
+<a href='#illus04'>Robert A. Gibson   </a><br />
+<br />
+<a href='#illus05'>Edward A. Moore, March, 1862 </a><br />
+<br />
+<a href='#illus06'>John M. Brown (war-time portrait) </a><br />
+<br />
+<a href='#illus07'>William M. Willson (Corporal) </a><br />
+<br />
+<a href='#illus08'>W. S. McClintic   </a><br />
+<br />
+<a href='#illus09'>D. Gardiner Tyler</a><br />
+<br />
+<a href='#illus10'>R. T. Barton   </a><br />
+<br />
+<a href='#illus11'>B. C. M. Friend   </a><br />
+<br />
+<a href='#illus12'>Edward A. Moore, February, 1907</a>   <br />
+<br />
+<a href='#illus13'>Edward H. Hyde (Color-bearer)    </a><br />
+<br />
+<a href='#illus14'>Randolph Fairfax  </a><br />
+<br />
+<a href='#illus15'>Robert Frazer  </a><br />
+<br />
+<a href='#illus16'>John M. Brown </a><br />
+<br />
+<a href='#illus17'>Fac-simile of parole signed by General Pendleton  </a> <br />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>PREFACE</h2>
+
+
+<p>More than thirty years ago, at the solicitation of my kinsman, H. C.
+McDowell, of Kentucky, I undertook to write a sketch of my war
+experience. McDowell was a major in the Federal Army during the civil
+war, and with eleven first cousins, including Gen. Irvin McDowell,
+fought against the same number of first cousins in the Confederate Army.
+Various interruptions prevented the completion of my work at that time.
+More recently, after despairing of the hope that some more capable
+member of my old command, the Rockbridge Artillery, would not allow its
+history to pass into oblivion, I resumed the task, and now present this
+volume as the only published record of that company, celebrated as it
+was even in that matchless body of men, the Army of Northern Virginia.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 30em;">E. A. M.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="INTRODUCTION_BY_CAPT_ROBERT_E_LEE_JR" id="INTRODUCTION_BY_CAPT_ROBERT_E_LEE_JR"></a>INTRODUCTION BY CAPT. ROBERT E. LEE, JR.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The title of this book at once rivets attention and invites perusal, and
+that perusal does not disappoint expectation. The author was a cannoneer
+in the historic Rockbridge (Va.) Artillery, which made for itself, from
+Manassas to Appomattox, a reputation second to none in the Confederate
+service. No more vivid picture has been presented of the private soldier
+in camp, on the march, or in action. It was written evidently not with
+any commercial view, but was an undertaking from a conviction that its
+performance was a question of duty to his comrades. Its unlabored and
+spontaneous character adds to its value. Its detail is evidence of a
+living presence, intent only upon truth. It is not only carefully
+planned, but minutely finished. The duty has been performed faithfully
+and entertainingly.</p>
+
+<p>We are glad these delightful pages have not been marred by discussion of
+the causes or conduct of the great struggle between the States. There is
+no theorizing or special pleading to distract our attention from the
+unvarnished story of the Confederate soldier.</p>
+
+<p>The writer is simple, impressive, and sincere. And his memory is not
+less faithful. It is a striking and truthful portrayal of the times
+under the standard of one of the greatest generals of ancient or modern
+times. It is from such books that data will be gathered by the future
+historian for a true story of the great conflict between the States.</p>
+
+<p>For nearly a year (from March to November, 1862) I served in the battery
+with this cannoneer, and for a time we were in the same mess. Since the
+war I have known him intimately, and it gives me great pleasure to be
+able to say that there is no one who could give a more honest and
+truthful account of the events of our struggle from the standpoint of a
+private soldier. He had exceptional opportunities for observing men and
+events, and has taken full advantage of them.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 30em;"><span class="smcap">Robert E. Lee.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="INTRODUCTION_BY_HENRY_ST_GEORGE_TUCKER" id="INTRODUCTION_BY_HENRY_ST_GEORGE_TUCKER"></a>INTRODUCTION BY HENRY ST. GEORGE TUCKER</h2>
+
+
+<p>Between 1740 and 1750 nine brothers by the name of Moore emigrated from
+the north of Ireland to America. Several of them settled in South
+Carolina, and of these quite a number participated in the Revolutionary
+War, several being killed in battle. One of the nine brothers, David by
+name, came to Virginia and settled in the "Borden Grant," now the
+northern part of Rockbridge County. There, in 1752, his son, afterward
+known as Gen. Andrew Moore, was born. His mother was a Miss Evans, of
+Welsh ancestry. Andrew Moore was educated at an academy afterward known
+as Liberty Hall. In early life with some of his companions he made a
+voyage to the West Indies; was shipwrecked, but rescued, after many
+hardships, by a passing vessel and returned to the Colonies. Upon his
+return home he studied law in the office of Chancellor Wythe, at
+Williamsburg, and was licensed to practice law in 1774. In 1776 he
+entered the army as lieutenant, in Morgan's Riflemen, and was engaged in
+those battles which resulted in the capture of Burgoyne's army, and at
+the surrender of the British forces at Saratoga. For courage and
+gallantry in battle he was promoted to a captaincy. Having served three
+years with Morgan, he returned home and took his seat as a member of the
+Virginia legislature, taking such an active and distinguished part in
+the deliberations of that body that he was elected to Congress, and as a
+member of the first House of Representatives was distinguished for his
+services to such a degree that he was re-elected at each succeeding
+election until 1797, when he declined further service in that body, but
+accepted a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates. He was again elected
+to Congress in 1804, but in the first year of his service he was elected
+to the United States Senate, in which body he served with distinguished
+ability until 1809, when he retired. He was then appointed United States
+Marshal for the District of Virginia, which office he held until his
+death, April 14, 1821. His brother William served as a soldier in the
+Indian wars, and the Revolutionary War. He was a lieutenant of riflemen
+at Pt. Pleasant, and carried his captain, who had been severely wounded,
+from the field of battle, after killing the Indian who was about to
+scalp him&mdash;a feat of courage and strength rarely equaled. Gen. Andrew
+Moore's wife was Miss Sarah Reid, a descendant of Capt. John McDowell,
+who was killed by the Indians, December 18, 1842, on James River, in
+Rockbridge County. She was the daughter of Capt. Andrew Reid, a soldier
+of the French and Indian War.</p>
+
+<p>Our author's father was Capt. David E. Moore, for twenty-three years the
+Attorney for the Commonwealth for Rockbridge County, and a member of
+the Constitutional Convention, 1850-51. His mother was Miss Elizabeth
+Harvey, a descendant of Benjamin Borden, and daughter of Matthew Harvey,
+who at sixteen years of age ran away from home and became a member of
+"Lee's Legion," participating in the numerous battles in which that
+distinguished corps took part.</p>
+
+<p>Thus it will be seen that our author is of <i>martial stock</i> and a
+worthy descendant of those who never failed to respond to the call to
+arms; the youngest of four brothers, one of whom surrendered under General
+Johnston, the other three at Appomattox, after serving throughout the
+war. It is safe to say that Virginia furnished to the Confederate
+service no finer examples of true valor than our author and his three
+brothers.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 20em;">
+<span class="smcap">Henry St. George Tucker.</span></p>
+<p style="margin-left: 5em;">Lexington, Va.,</p>
+<p style="margin-left: 7em;">December 20, 1906.
+</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<img src="images/illus02.jpg" alt="Poague"  />
+<a id="illus02" name="illus02"></a>
+</p>
+<p class='center'> <span class="smcap">Captain William T. Poague</span><br />
+
+(April, 1862&mdash;April, 1863)</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>THE STORY OF A CANNONEER UNDER STONEWALL JACKSON</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_I" id="CHAPTER_I"></a>CHAPTER I</h2>
+
+<h3>WASHINGTON COLLEGE&mdash;LEXINGTON&mdash;VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE</h3>
+
+
+<p>At the age of eighteen I was a member of the Junior Class at Washington
+College at Lexington, Virginia, during the session of 1860-61, and with
+the rest of the students was more interested in the foreshadowings of
+that ominous period than in the teachings of the professors. Among our
+number there were a few from the States farther south who seemed to have
+been born secessionists, while a large majority of the students were
+decidedly in favor of the Union.</p>
+
+<p>Our president, the Rev. Dr. George Junkin, who hailed from the North,
+was heart and soul a Union man, notwithstanding the fact that one of his
+daughters was the first wife of Major Thomas J. Jackson, who developed
+into the world-renowned "Stonewall" Jackson. Another daughter was the
+great Southern poetess, Mrs. Margaret J. Preston, and Dr. Junkin's son,
+Rev. W. F. Junkin, a most lovable man, became an ardent Southern
+soldier and a chaplain in the Confederate Army throughout the war.</p>
+
+<p>At the anniversary of the Washington Literary Society, on February 22,
+1861, the right of secession was attacked and defended by the
+participants in the discussion, with no less zeal than they afterward
+displayed on many bloody battlefields.</p>
+
+<p>We had as a near neighbor the Virginia Military Institute, "The West
+Point of the South," where scores of her young chivalry were assembled,
+who were eager to put into practice the subjects taught in their school.
+Previous to these exciting times not the most kindly feelings, and but
+little intercourse had existed between the two bodies of young men. The
+secession element in the College, however, finding more congenial
+company among the cadets, opened up the way for quite intimate and
+friendly relations between the two institutions. In January, 1861, the
+corps of cadets had been ordered by Governor Wise to be present, as a
+military guard, at the execution of John Brown at Harper's Ferry. After
+their return more than the usual time was given to the drill; and
+target-shooting with cannon and small arms was daily practised in our
+hearing.</p>
+
+<p>Only a small proportion of the citizens of the community favored
+secession, but they were very aggressive. One afternoon, while a huge
+Union flag-pole was being raised on the street, which when half-way up
+snapped and fell to the ground in pieces, I witnessed a personal
+encounter between a cadet and a mechanic (the latter afterward deserted
+from our battery during the Gettysburg campaign in Pennsylvania, his
+native State), which was promptly taken up by their respective friends.
+The cadets who were present hastened to their barracks and, joined by
+their comrades, armed themselves, and with fixed bayonets came streaming
+at double-quick toward the town. They were met at the end of Main street
+by their professors, conspicuous among whom was Colonel Colston on
+horseback. He was a native of France and professor of French at the
+Institute; he became a major-general in the Confederate Army and later a
+general in the Egyptian Army. After considerable persuasion the cadets
+were induced to return to their barracks.</p>
+
+<p>Instead of the usual Saturday night debates of the College literary
+societies, the students either joined the cadets in their barracks at
+the Institute or received them at the College halls to harangue on the
+one absorbing topic.</p>
+
+<p>On the top of the main building at the College was a statue of
+Washington, and over this statue some of the students hoisted a palmetto
+flag. This greatly incensed our president. He tried, for some time, but
+in vain, to have the flag torn down. When my class went at the usual
+hour to his room to recite, and before we had taken our seats, he
+inquired if the flag was still flying. On being told that it was, he
+said, "The class is dismissed; I will never hear a recitation under a
+traitor's flag!" And away we went.</p>
+
+<p>Lincoln's proclamation calling for 75,000 men from Virginia, to whip in
+the seceded States, was immediately followed by the ordinance of
+secession, and the idea of union was abandoned by all. Recitation-bells
+no longer sounded; our books were left to gather dust, and forgotten,
+save only to recall those scenes that filled our minds with the mighty
+deeds and prowess of such characters as the "Ruling Agamemnon" and his
+warlike cohorts, and we could almost hear "the terrible clang of
+striking spears against shields, as it resounded throughout the army."</p>
+
+<p>There was much that seems ludicrous as we recall it now. The youths of
+the community, imbued with the idea that "cold steel" would play an
+important part in the conflict, provided themselves with huge
+bowie-knives, fashioned by our home blacksmith, and with these fierce
+weapons swinging from their belts were much in evidence. There were
+already several organized military companies in the county. The
+Rockbridge Rifles, and a company of cavalry left Lexington April 17,
+under orders from Governor John Letcher, our townsman, who had just been
+inaugurated Governor of Virginia, to report at Harper's Ferry. The
+cavalry company endeavored to make the journey without a halt, and did
+march the first sixty-four miles in twenty-four hours.</p>
+
+<p>The students formed a company with J. J. White, professor of Greek, as
+their captain. Drilling was the occupation of the day; the students
+having excellent instructors in the cadets and their professors. Our
+outraged president had set out alone in his private carriage for his
+former home in the North.</p>
+
+<p>Many of the cadets were called away as drillmasters at camps established
+in different parts of the South, and later became distinguished officers
+in the Confederate Army, as did also a large number of the older alumni
+of the Institute.</p>
+
+<p>The Rockbridge Artillery Company was organized about this time, and,
+after a fortnight's drilling with the cadets' battery, was ordered to
+the front, under command of Rev. W. N. Pendleton, rector of the
+Episcopal Church, and a graduate of West Point, as captain.</p>
+
+<p>The cadets received marching orders, and on that morning, for the first
+time since his residence in Lexington, Major Jackson was seen in his
+element. As a professor at the Virginia Military Institute he was
+remarkable only for strict punctuality and discipline. I, with one of my
+brothers, had been assigned to his class in Sunday-school, where his
+regular attendance and earnest manner were equally striking.</p>
+
+<p>It was on a beautiful Sunday morning in May that the cadets received
+orders to move, and I remember how we were all astonished to see the
+Christian major, galloping to and fro on a spirited horse, preparing for
+their departure.</p>
+
+<p>In the arsenal at the Institute were large stores of firearms of old
+patterns, which were hauled away from time to time to supply the troops.
+I, with five others of the College company, was detailed as a guard to a
+convoy of Wagons, loaded with these arms, as far as Staunton. We were
+all about the same size, and with one exception members of the same
+class. In the first battle of Manassas four of the five&mdash;Charles Bell,
+William Wilson, William Paxton and Benjamin Bradley&mdash;were killed, and
+William Anderson, now Attorney-General of Virginia, was maimed for life.</p>
+
+<p>There was great opposition on the part of the friends of the students to
+their going into the service, at any rate in one body, but they grew
+more and more impatient to be ordered out, and felt decidedly offended
+at the delay.</p>
+
+<p>Finally, in June, the long-hoped-for orders came. The town was filled
+with people from far and near, and every one present, old and young,
+white and black, not only shed tears, but actually sobbed. My father had
+positively forbidden my going, as his other three sons, older than
+myself, were already in the field. After this my time was chiefly
+occupied in drilling militia in different parts of the country. And I am
+reminded to this day by my friends the daughters of General Pendleton of
+my apprehensions "lest the war should be over before I should get a
+trip."</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<img src="images/illus03.jpg" alt="gun"  />
+<a id="illus03" name="illus03"></a>
+</p>
+<p class='center'> <span class="smcap">Gun from which was fired the first hostile
+cannon-shot in the Valley of Virginia</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_II" id="CHAPTER_II"></a>CHAPTER II</h2>
+
+<h3>ENTERING THE SERVICE&mdash;MY FIRST BATTLE&mdash;BATTLE OF KERNSTOWN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Jackson's first engagement took place at Hainesville, near Martinsburg,
+on July 2, one of the Rockbridge Artillery guns firing the first hostile
+cannon-shot fired in the Valley of Virginia. This gun is now in the
+possession of the Virginia Military Institute, and my brother David
+fired the shot. Before we knew that Jackson was out of the Valley, news
+came of the battle of First Manassas, in which General Bee conferred
+upon him and his brigade the soubriquet of "Stonewall," and by so doing
+likened himself to "Homer, who immortalized the victory won by
+Achilles."</p>
+
+<p>In this battle the Rockbridge Artillery did splendid execution without
+losing a man, while the infantry in their rear, and for their support,
+suffered dreadfully. The College company alone (now Company I of the
+Fourth Virginia Regiment) lost seven killed and many wounded.</p>
+
+<p>In August it was reported that a force of Federal cavalry was near the
+White Sulphur Springs, on their way to Lexington. Numbers of men from
+the hills and mountains around gathered at Collierstown, a straggling
+village in the western portion of the county, and I spent the greater
+part of the night drilling them in the town-hall, getting news from time
+to time from the pickets in the mountain-pass. The prospect of meeting
+so formidable a band had doubtless kept the Federals from even
+contemplating such an expedition.</p>
+
+<p>The winter passed drearily along, the armies in all directions having
+only mud to contend with.</p>
+
+<p>Since my failure to leave with the College company it had been my
+intention to join it the first opportunity; but, hearing it would be
+disbanded in the spring, I enlisted in the Rockbridge Artillery attached
+to the Stonewall Brigade, and with about fifty other recruits left
+Lexington March 10, 1862, to join Jackson, then about thirty miles south
+of Winchester. Some of us traveled on horseback, and some in farm-wagons
+secured for the purpose. We did not create the sensation we had
+anticipated, either on leaving Lexington or along the road; still we had
+plenty of fun. I remember one of the party&mdash;a fellow with a very large
+chin, as well as cheek&mdash;riding up close to a house by the roadside in
+the door of which stood a woman with a number of children around her,
+and, taking off his hat, said, "God bless you, madam! May you raise many
+for the Southern Confederacy."</p>
+
+<p>We spent Saturday afternoon and night in Staunton, and were quartered in
+a hotel kept by a sour-looking old Frenchman. We were given an
+abominable supper, the hash especially being a most mysterious-looking
+dish. After retiring to our blankets on the floor, I heard two of the
+party, who had substituted something to drink for something to eat,
+discussing the situation generally, and, among other things, surmising
+as to the ingredients of the supper's hash, when Winn said, "Bob, I
+analyzed that hash. It was made of buttermilk, dried apples, damsons and
+wool!"</p>
+
+<p>The following day, Sunday, was clear and beautiful. We had about seventy
+miles to travel along the Valley turnpike. In passing a stately
+residence, on the porch of which the family had assembled, one of our
+party raised his hat in salutation. Not a member of the family took the
+least notice of the civility; but a negro girl, who was sweeping off the
+pavement in front, flourished her broom around her head most
+enthusiastically, which raised a general shout.</p>
+
+<p>We arrived at Camp Buchanan, a few miles below Mount Jackson, on Monday
+afternoon. I then, for the first time since April, 1861, saw my brother
+John. How tough and brown he looked! He had been transferred to the
+Rockbridge Artillery shortly before the first battle of Manassas, and
+with my brother David belonged to a mess of as interesting young men as
+I ever knew. Some of them I have not seen for more than forty years.
+Mentioning their names may serve to recall incidents connected with
+them: My two brothers, both graduates of Washington College; Berkeley
+Minor, a student at the University of Virginia, a perfect bookworm;
+Alex. Boteler, student of the University of Virginia, son of Hon. Alex.
+Boteler, of West Virginia, and his two cousins, Henry and Charles
+Boteler, of Shepherdstown, West Virginia; Thompson and Magruder Maury,
+both clergymen after the war; Joe Shaner, of Lexington, Virginia, as
+kind a friend as I ever had, and who carried my blanket for me on his
+off-horse at least one thousand miles; John M. Gregory, of Charles City
+County, an A.M. of the University of Virginia. How distinctly I recall
+his large, well-developed head, fair skin and clear blue eyes; and his
+voice is as familiar to me as if I had heard it yesterday. Then the
+brothers, Walter and Joe Packard, of the neighborhood of Alexandria,
+Virginia, sons of the Rev. Dr. Packard, of the Theological Seminary, and
+both graduates of colleges; Frank Preston, of Lexington, graduate of
+Washington College, who died soon after the war while professor of Greek
+at William and Mary College, a whole-souled and most companionable
+fellow; William Bolling, of Fauquier County, student of University of
+Virginia; Frank Singleton, of Kentucky, student of University of
+Virginia, whom William Williamson, another member of the mess and a
+graduate of Washington College, pronounced "always a gentleman."
+Williamson was quite deaf, and Singleton always, in the gentlest and
+most patient way, would repeat for his benefit anything he failed to
+hear. Last, and most interesting of all, was George Bedinger, of
+Shepherdstown, a student of the University of Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>There were men in the company from almost every State in the South, and
+several from Northern States. Among the latter were two sons of
+Commodore Porter, of the United States Navy, one of whom went by the
+name of "Porter-he," from his having gone with Sergeant Paxton to visit
+some young ladies, and, on their return, being asked how they had
+enjoyed their visit, the sergeant said, "Oh, splendidly! and Porter, he
+were very much elated."</p>
+
+<p>Soon after my arrival supper was ready, and I joined the mess in my
+first meal in camp, and was astonished to see how they relished fat
+bacon, "flap-jacks" and strong black coffee in big tin cups. The company
+was abundantly supplied with first-rate tents, many of them captured
+from the enemy, and everybody seemed to be perfectly at home and happy.</p>
+
+<p>I bunked with my brother John, but there was no sleep for me that first
+night. There were just enough cornstalks under me for each to be
+distinctly felt, and the ground between was exceedingly cold. We
+remained in this camp until the following Friday, when orders came to
+move.</p>
+
+<p>We first marched about three miles south, or up the Valley, then
+countermarched, going about twenty miles, and on Saturday twelve miles
+farther, which brought us, I thought, and it seemed to be the general
+impression, in rather close proximity to the enemy. There having been
+only a few skirmishes since Manassas in July, 1861, none of us dreamed
+of a battle; but very soon a cannon boomed two or three miles ahead,
+then another and another. The boys said, "That's Chew's battery, under
+Ashby."</p>
+
+<p>Pretty soon Chew's battery was answered, and for the first time I saw
+and heard a shell burst, high in the air, leaving a little cloud of
+white smoke. On we moved, halting frequently, as the troops were being
+deployed in line of battle. Our battery turned out of the pike and we
+had not heard a shot for half an hour. In front of us lay a stretch of
+half a mile of level, open ground and beyond this a wooded hill, for
+which we seemed to be making. When half-way across the low ground, as I
+was walking by my gun, talking to a comrade at my side, a shell burst
+with a terrible crash&mdash;it seemed to me almost on my head. The concussion
+knocked me to my knees, and my comrade sprawling on the ground. We then
+began to feel that we were "going in," and a most weakening effect it
+had on the stomach.</p>
+
+<p>I recall distinctly the sad, solemn feeling produced by seeing the
+ambulances brought up to the front; it was entirely too suggestive. Soon
+we reached the woods and were ascending the hill along a little ravine,
+for a position, when a solid shot broke the trunnions of one of the
+guns, thus disabling it; then another, nearly spent, struck a tree about
+half-way up and fell nearby. Just after we got to the top of the hill,
+and within fifty or one hundred yards of the position we were to take, a
+shell struck the off-wheel horse of my gun and burst. The horse was torn
+to pieces, and the pieces thrown in every direction. The saddle-horse
+was also horribly mangled, the driver's leg was cut off, as was also the
+foot of a man who was walking alongside. Both men died that night. A
+white horse working in the lead looked more like a bay after the
+catastrophe. To one who had been in the army but five days, and but five
+minutes under fire, this seemed an awful introduction.</p>
+
+<p>The other guns of the battery had gotten into position before we had
+cleared up the wreck of our team and put in two new horses. As soon as
+this was done we pulled up to where the other guns were firing, and
+passed by a member of the company, John Wallace, horribly torn by a
+shell, but still alive. On reaching the crest of the hill, which was
+clear, open ground, we got a full view of the enemy's batteries on the
+hills opposite.</p>
+
+<p>In the woods on our left, and a few hundred yards distant, the infantry
+were hotly engaged, the small arms keeping up an incessant roar. Neither
+side seemed to move an inch. From about the Federal batteries in front
+of us came regiment after regiment of their infantry, marching in line
+of battle, with the Stars and Stripes flying, to join in the attack on
+our infantry, who were not being reinforced at all, as everything but
+the Fifth Virginia had been engaged from the first. We did some fine
+shooting at their advancing infantry, their batteries having almost
+quit firing. The battle had now continued for two or three hours. Now,
+for the first time, I heard the keen whistle of the Minie-ball. Our
+infantry was being driven back and the Federals were in close pursuit.</p>
+
+<p>Seeing the day was lost, we were ordered to limber up and leave. Just
+then a large force of the enemy came in sight in the woods on our left.
+The gunner of the piece nearest them had his piece loaded with canister,
+and fired the charge into their ranks as they crowded through a narrow
+opening in a stone fence. One of the guns of the battery, having several
+of its horses killed, fell into the hands of the enemy. About this time
+the Fifth Virginia Regiment, which, through some misunderstanding of
+orders, had not been engaged, arrived on the crest of the hill, and I
+heard General Jackson, as he rode to their front, direct the men to form
+in line and check the enemy. But everything else was now in full
+retreat, with Minie-balls to remind us that it would not do to stop.
+Running back through the woods, I passed close by John Wallace as he lay
+dying. Night came on opportunely and put an end to the pursuit, and to
+the taking of prisoners, though we lost several hundred men. I afterward
+heard Capt. George Junkin, nephew of the Northern college president,
+General Jackson's adjutant, say that he had the exact number of men
+engaged on our side, and that there were 2,700 in the battle. The
+enemy's official report gave their number as 8,000. Jackson had General
+Garnett, of the Stonewall Brigade, suspended from office for not
+bringing up the Fifth Regiment in time.</p>
+
+<p>It was dusk when I again found myself on the turnpike, and I followed
+the few indistinct moving figures in the direction of safety. I stopped
+for a few minutes near a camp-fire, in a piece of woods, where our
+infantry halted, and I remember hearing the colored cook of one of their
+messes asking in piteous tones, over and over again, "Marse George,
+where's Marse Charles?" No answer was made, but the sorrowful face of
+the one interrogated was response enough. I got back to the village of
+Newtown, about three miles from the battlefield, where I joined several
+members of the battery at a hospitable house. Here we were kindly
+supplied with food, and, as the house was full, were allowed to sleep
+soundly on the floor. This battle was known as Kernstown.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_III" id="CHAPTER_III"></a>CHAPTER III</h2>
+
+<h3>THE RETREAT&mdash;CEDAR CREEK&mdash;GENERAL ASHBY&mdash;SKIRMISHES&mdash;McGAHEYSVILLE</h3>
+
+
+<p>The next dawn brought a raw, gloomy Sunday. We found the battery a mile
+or two from the battlefield, where we lay all day, thinking, of course,
+the enemy would follow up their victory; but this they showed no
+inclination to do. On Monday we moved a mile or more toward our old
+camp&mdash;Buchanan. On Tuesday, about noon, we reached Cedar Creek, the
+scene of one of General Early's battles more than two years afterward,
+1864. The creek ran through a narrow defile, and, the bridge having been
+burned, we crossed in single file, on the charred timbers, still
+clinging together and resting on the surface of the water. Just here,
+for the first time since Kernstown, the Federal cavalry attacked the
+rear of our column, and the news and commotion reached my part of the
+line when I was half-across the stream. The man immediately in front of
+me, being in too much of a hurry to follow the file on the
+bridge-planks, jumped frantically into the stream. He was fished out of
+the cold waters, shoulder deep, on the bayonets of the infantry on the
+timbers.</p>
+
+<p>We found our wagons awaiting us on top of a high hill beyond, and went
+into camp about noon, to get up a whole meal, to which we thought we
+could do full justice. But, alas! alas! About the time the beans were
+done, and each had his share in a tin plate or cup, "bang!" went a
+cannon on the opposite hill, and the shell screamed over our heads. My
+gun being a rifled piece, was ordered to hitch up and go into position,
+and my appetite was gone. Turning to my brother, I said, "John, I don't
+want these beans!" My friend Bedinger gave me a home-made biscuit, which
+I ate as I followed the gun. We moved out and across the road with two
+guns, and took position one hundred yards nearer the enemy. The guns
+were unlimbered and loaded just in time to fire at a column of the
+enemy's cavalry which had started down the opposite hill at a gallop.
+The guns were discharged simultaneously, and the two shells burst in the
+head of their column, and by the time the smoke and dust had cleared up
+that squadron of cavalry was invisible. This check gave the wagons and
+troops time to get in marching order, and after firing a few more rounds
+we followed.</p>
+
+<p>As we drove into the road again, I saw several infantrymen lying
+horribly torn by shells, and the clothes of one of them on fire. I
+afterward heard amusing accounts of the exit of the rest of the company
+from this camp. Quartermaster "John D." had his teams at a full trot,
+with the steam flying from the still hot camp-kettles as they rocked to
+and fro on the tops of the wagons. In a day or two we were again in Camp
+Buchanan, and pitched our tents on their old sites and kindled our fires
+with the old embers. Here more additions were made to the company, among
+them R. E. Lee, Jr., son of the General; Arthur A. Robinson, of
+Baltimore, and Edward Hyde, of Alexandria. After a few nights' rest and
+one or two square meals everything was as gay as ever.</p>
+
+<p>An hour or two each day was spent in going through the artillery manual.
+Every morning we heard the strong, clear voice of an infantry officer
+drilling his men, which I learned was the voice of our cousin, James
+Allen, colonel of the Second Virginia Regiment. He was at least half a
+mile distant. About the fourth or fifth day after our return to camp we
+were ordered out to meet the enemy, and moved a few miles in their
+direction, but were relieved on learning that it was a false alarm, and
+countermarched to the same camp. When we went to the wagons for our
+cooking utensils, etc., my heavy double blanket, brought from home, had
+been lost, which made the ground seem colder and the stalks rougher.
+With me the nights, until bedtime, were pleasant enough. There were some
+good voices in the company, two or three in our mess; Bedinger and his
+cousin, Alec Boteler, both sang well, but Boteler stammered badly when
+talking, and Bedinger kept him in a rage half the time mocking him,
+frequently advising him to go back home and learn to talk. Still they
+were bedfellows and devoted friends. I feel as if I could hear Bedinger
+now, as he shifted around the fire, to keep out of the smoke, singing:</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+"Though the world may call me gay, yet my feelings I smother,<br />
+For thou art the cause of this anguish&mdash;my mother."<br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>A thing that I was very slow to learn was to sit on the ground with any
+comfort; and a log or a fence, for a few minutes' rest, was a thing of
+joy. Then the smoke from the camp-fires almost suffocated me, and always
+seemed to blow toward me, though each of the others thought himself the
+favored one. But the worst part of the twenty-four hours was from
+bedtime till daylight, half-awake and half-asleep and half-frozen. I
+was, since Kernstown, having that battle all over and over again.</p>
+
+<p>I noticed a thing in this camp (it being the first winter of the war),
+in which experience and necessity afterward made a great change. The
+soldiers, not being accustomed to fires out-of-doors, frequently had
+either the tails of their overcoats burned off, or big holes or scorched
+places in their pantaloons.</p>
+
+<p>Since Jackson's late reverse, more troops being needed, the militia had
+been ordered out, and the contingent from Rockbridge County was encamped
+a few miles in rear of us. I got permission from our captain to go to
+see them and hear the news from home. Among them were several merchants
+of Lexington, and steady old farmers from the county. They were much
+impressed with the accounts of the battle and spoke very solemnly of
+war. I had ridden Sergeant Baxter McCorkle's horse, and, on my return,
+soon after passing through Mt. Jackson, overtook Bedinger and Charley
+Boteler, with a canteen of French brandy which a surgeon-friend in town
+had given them. As a return for a drink, I asked Bedinger to ride a
+piece on my horse, which, for some time, he declined to do, but finally
+said, "All right; get down." He had scarcely gotten into the saddle
+before he plied the horse with hat and heels, and away he went down the
+road at full speed and disappeared in the distance.</p>
+
+<p>This was more kindness than I had intended, but it afforded a good
+laugh. Boteler and the brandy followed the horseman, and I turned in and
+spent the night with the College company, quartered close by as a guard
+to General Jackson's headquarters. I got back to camp the next
+afternoon, Sunday. McCorkle had just found his horse, still saddled and
+bridled, grazing in a wheat-field.</p>
+
+<p>From Camp Buchanan we fell back to Rude's Hill, four miles above Mt.
+Jackson and overlooking the Shenandoah River. About once in three days
+our two Parrott guns, to one of which I belonged, were sent down to
+General Ashby, some ten miles, for picket service to supply the place of
+Chew's battery, which exhausted its ammunition in daily skirmishes with
+the enemy. Ashby himself was always there; and an agreeable,
+unpretending gentleman he was. His complexion was very dark and his hair
+and beard as black as a raven. He was always in motion, mounted on one
+of his three superb stallions, one of which was coal-black, another a
+chestnut sorrel, and the third white. On our first trip we had a lively
+cannonade, and the white horse in our team, still bearing the stains of
+blood from the Kernstown carnage, reared and plunged furiously during
+the firing. The Federal skirmish line was about a mile off, near the
+edge of some woods, and at that distance looked very harmless; but when
+I looked at them through General Ashby's field-glass it made them look
+so large, and brought them so close, that it startled me. There was a
+fence between, and, on giving the glass a slight jar, I imagined they
+jumped the fence; I preferred looking at them with the naked eye. Bob
+Lee volunteered to go with us another day (he belonged to another
+detachment). He seemed to enjoy the sport much. He had not been at
+Kernstown, and I thought if he had, possibly he would have felt more as
+did I and the white horse.</p>
+
+<p>On our way down on another expedition, hearing the enemy were driving in
+our pickets, and that we would probably have some lively work and
+running, I left my blanket&mdash;a blue one I had recently borrowed&mdash;at the
+house of a mulatto woman by the roadside, and told her I would call for
+it as we came back. We returned soon, but the woman, learning that a
+battle was impending, had locked up and gone. This blanket was my only
+wrap during the chilly nights, so I must have it. The guns had gone on.
+As I stood deliberating as to what I should do, General Ashby came
+riding by. I told him my predicament and asked, "Shall I get in and get
+it?" He said, "Yes, certainly." With the help of an axe I soon had a
+window-sash out and my blanket in my possession. From these frequent
+picket excursions I got the name of "Veteran." My friend Bolling
+generously offered to go as my substitute on one expedition, but the
+Captain, seeing our two detachments were being overworked, had all
+relieved and sent other detachments with our guns.</p>
+
+<p>From Rude's Hill about fifty of us recruits were detailed to go to
+Harrisonburg&mdash;Lieutenant Graham in command&mdash;to guard prisoners. The
+prisoners were quartered in the courthouse. Among them were a number of
+Dunkards from the surrounding country, whose creed was "No fight." I was
+appointed corporal, the only promotion I was honored with during the
+war, and that only for the detailed service. Here we spent a week or ten
+days, pleasantly, with good fare and quarters. Things continued quiet at
+the front during this time.</p>
+
+<p>The enemy again advanced, and quite a lively cavalry skirmish was had
+from Mt. Jackson to the bridge across the Shenandoah. The enemy tried
+hard to keep our men from burning this bridge, and in the fray Ashby's
+white horse was mortally wounded under him and his own life saved by
+the daring interposition of one of his men. His horse lived to carry him
+out, but fell dead as soon as he had accomplished it; and, after his
+death, every hair was pulled from his tail by Ashby's men as mementoes
+of the occasion.</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<img src="images/illus04.jpg" alt="Gibson"  />
+<a id="illus04" name="illus04"></a>
+</p>
+<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Robert A. Gibson</span></p>
+
+<p>Jackson fell back slowly, and, on reaching Harrisonburg, to our dismay,
+the head of the column filed to the left, on the road leading toward the
+Blue Ridge, thus disclosing the fact that the Valley was to be given up
+a prey to the enemy. Gloom was seen on every face at feeling that our
+homes were forsaken. We carried our prisoners along, and a
+miserable-looking set the poor Dunkards were, with their long beards and
+solemn eyes. A little fun, though, we would have. Every mile or so, and
+at every cross-road, a sign-post was stuck up, "Keezletown Road, 2
+miles," and of every countryman or darky along the way some wag would
+inquire the distance to Keezletown, and if he thought we could get there
+before night.</p>
+
+<p>By dawn next morning we were again on the march. I have recalled this
+early dawn oftener, I am sure, than any other of my whole life. Our road
+lay along the edge of a forest, occasionally winding in and out of it.
+At the more open places we could see the Blue Ridge in the near
+distance. During the night a slight shower had moistened the earth and
+leaves, so that our steps, and even the wheels of the artillery, were
+scarcely heard. Here and there on the roadside was the home of a
+soldier, in which he had just passed probably his last night. I
+distinctly recall now the sobs of a wife or mother as she moved about,
+preparing a meal for her husband or son, and the thoughts it gave rise
+to. Very possibly it helped also to remind us that we had left camp that
+morning without any breakfast ourselves. At any rate, I told my friend,
+Joe McAlpin, who was quite too modest a man to forage, and face a
+strange family in quest of a meal, that if he would put himself in my
+charge I would promise him a good breakfast.</p>
+
+<p>In a few miles we reached McGaheysville, a quiet, comfortable little
+village away off in the hills. The sun was now up, and now was the time
+and this the place. A short distance up a cross-street I saw a
+motherly-looking old lady standing at her gate, watching the passing
+troops. Said I, "Mac, there's the place." We approached, and I announced
+the object of our visit. She said, "Breakfast is just ready. Walk in,
+sit down at the table, and make yourselves at home." A breakfast it
+was&mdash;fresh eggs, white light biscuit and other toothsome articles. A man
+of about forty-five years&mdash;a boarder&mdash;remarked, at the table, "The war
+has not cost me the loss of an hour's sleep." The good mother said, with
+a quavering tone of voice, "<i>I</i> have sons in the army."</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_IV" id="CHAPTER_IV"></a>CHAPTER IV</h2>
+
+<h3>SWIFT RUN GAP&mdash;REORGANIZATION OF THE BATTERY&mdash;WADING IN THE
+MUD&mdash;CROSSING AND RECROSSING THE BLUE RIDGE&mdash;BATTLE OF McDOWELL&mdash;RETURN
+TO THE VALLEY</h3>
+
+
+<p>We reached the south branch of the Shenandoah about noon, crossed on a
+bridge, and that night camped in Swift Run Gap. Our detail was separated
+from the battery and I, therefore, not with my own mess. We occupied a
+low, flat piece of ground with a creek alongside and about forty yards
+from the tent in which I stayed. The prisoners were in a barn a quarter
+of a mile distant. Here we had most wretched weather, real winter again,
+rain or snow almost all the time. One night about midnight I was
+awakened by hearing a horse splashing through water just outside of the
+tent and a voice calling to the inmates to get out of the flood. The
+horse was backed half into the tent-door, and, one by one, my companions
+left me. My bunk was on a little rise. I put my hand out&mdash;into the
+water. I determined, however, to stay as long as I could, and was soon
+asleep, which showed that I was becoming a soldier&mdash;in one important
+respect at least. By daylight, the flood having subsided, I was able to
+reach a fence and "coon it" to a hill above.</p>
+
+<p>While in this camp, as the time had expired for which most of the
+soldiers enlisted, the army was reorganized. The battery having more men
+than was a quota for one company, the last recruits were required to
+enlist in other companies or to exchange with older members who wished
+to change. Thus some of our most interesting members left us, to join
+other commands, and the number of our guns was reduced from eight to
+six. The prisoners were now disposed of, and I returned to my old mess.
+After spending about ten days in this wretched camp we marched again,
+following the Shenandoah River along the base of the mountains toward
+Port Republic. After such weather, the dirt-roads were, of course,
+almost bottomless. The wagons monopolized them during the day, so we had
+to wait until they were out of the way. When they halted for the night,
+we took the mud. The depth of it was nearly up to my knees and
+frequently over them. The bushes on the sides of the road, and the
+darkness, compelled us to wade right in. Here was swearing and growling,
+"Flanders and Flounders." An infantryman was cursing Stonewall most
+eloquently, when the old Christian rode by, and, hearing him, said, in
+his short way, "It's for your own good, sir!" The wagons could make only
+six miles during the day, and, by traveling this distance after night,
+we reached them about nine o'clock. We would then build fires, get our
+cooking utensils, and cook our suppers, and, by the light of the fires,
+see our muddy condition and try to dry off before retiring to the
+ground. We engaged in this sort of warfare for three days, when we
+reached Port Republic, eighteen miles from our starting-point and about
+the same distance from Staunton. Our movements, or rather Jackson's, had
+entirely bewildered us as to his intentions.</p>
+
+<p>While we were at Swift Run, Ewell's division, having been brought from
+the army around Richmond, was encamped just across the mountain opposite
+us. We remained at Port Republic several days. Our company was
+convenient to a comfortable farmhouse, where hot apple turnovers were
+constantly on sale. Our hopes for remaining in the Valley were again
+blasted when the wagons moved out on the Brown's Gap road and we
+followed across the Blue Ridge, making our exit from the pass a few
+miles north of Mechum's River, which we reached about noon of the
+following day.</p>
+
+<p>There had been a good deal of cutting at each other among the members of
+the company who hailed from different sides of the Blue
+Ridge&mdash;"Tuckahoes" and "Cohees," as they are provincially called. "Lit"
+Macon, formerly sheriff of Albemarle County, an incessant talker, had
+given us glowing accounts of the treatment we would receive "on t'other
+side." "Jam puffs, jam puffs!" Joe Shaner and I, having something of a
+turn for investigating the resources of a new country, took the first
+opportunity of testing Macon's promised land. We selected a
+fine-looking house, and, approaching it, made known our wants to a young
+lady. She left us standing outside of the yard, we supposed to cool off
+while she made ready for our entertainment in the house. In this we were
+mistaken; for, after a long time, she returned and handed us, through
+the fence, some cold corn-bread and bacon. This and similar experiences
+by others gave us ample means to tease Macon about the grand things we
+were to see and enjoy "on t'other side."</p>
+
+<p>We were now much puzzled as to the meaning of this "wiring in and wiring
+out," as we had turned to the right on crossing the mountain and taken
+the road toward Staunton. To our astonishment we recrossed the mountain,
+from the top of which we again gazed on that grand old Valley, and felt
+that our homes might still be ours. A mile or two from the mountain lay
+the quiet little village of Waynesboro, where we arrived about noon. As
+I was passing along the main street, somewhat in advance of the battery,
+Frank Preston came running out of one of the houses&mdash;the Waddells'&mdash;and,
+with his usual take-no-excuse style, dragged me in to face a family of
+the prettiest girls in Virginia. I was immediately taken to the
+dining-room, where were "jam puffs" sure enough, and the beautiful Miss
+Nettie to divide my attention.</p>
+
+<p>The next day we camped near Staunton and remained a day. Conjecturing
+now as to Jackson's program was wild, so we concluded to let him have
+his own way. The cadets of the Virginia Military Institute, most of whom
+were boys under seventeen, had, in this emergency, been ordered to the
+field, and joined the line of march as we passed through Staunton, and
+the young ladies of that place made them the heroes of the army, to the
+disgust of the "Veterans" of the old Stonewall Brigade. Our course was
+now westward, and Milroy, who was too strong for General Ed. Johnson in
+the Alleghanies, was the object. About twenty miles west of Staunton was
+the home of a young lady friend, and, on learning that our road lay
+within four miles of it, I determined at least to try to see her.
+Sergeant Clem. Fishburne, who was related to the family, expected to go
+with me, but at the last moment gave it up, so I went alone. To my very
+great disappointment she was not at home, but her sisters entertained me
+nicely with music, etc., and filled my haversack before I left. Just
+before starting off in the afternoon I learned that cannonading had been
+heard toward the front. When a mile or two on my way a passing
+cavalryman, a stranger to me, kindly offered to carry my overcoat, which
+he did, and left it with the battery.</p>
+
+<p>The battery had marched about fifteen miles after I had left it, so I
+had to retrace my four miles, then travel the fifteen, crossing two
+mountains. I must have walked at least five miles an hour, as I reached
+the company before sundown. They had gone into camp. My brother John,
+and Frank Preston, seeing me approach, came out to meet me, and told me
+how excessively uneasy they had been about me all day. A battle had been
+fought and they had expected to be called on every moment, and, "Suppose
+we <i>had</i> gone in, and you off foraging!" How penitent I felt, and
+at the same time how grateful for having two such anxious guardians!
+While expressing this deep interest they each kept an eye on my full
+haversack. "Well," said I, "I have some pabulum here; let's go to the
+mess and give them a snack." They said, "That little bit wouldn't be a
+drop in the bucket with all that mess; let's just go down yonder to the
+branch and have one real good old-fashioned repast." So off we went to
+the branch, and by the time they were through congratulating me on
+getting back before the battery had "gotten into it," my haversack was
+empty. The battle had been fought by Johnson's division, the enemy
+whipped and put to flight. The next day we started in pursuit, passing
+through McDowell, a village in Highland County, and near this village
+the fight had occurred. The ground was too rough and broken for the
+effective use of artillery, so the work was done by the infantry on both
+sides. This was the first opportunity that many of us had had of seeing
+a battlefield the day after the battle. The ghastly faces of the dead
+made a sickening and lasting impression; but I hoped I did not look as
+pale as did some of the young cadets, who proved gallant enough
+afterward. We continued the pursuit a day or two through that wild
+mountainous country, but Milroy stopped only once after his defeat, for
+a skirmish. In a meadow and near the roadside stood a deserted cabin,
+which had been struck several times during the skirmish by shells. I
+went inside of it, to see what a shell could do. Three had penetrated
+the outer wall and burst in the house, and I counted twenty-seven holes
+made through the frame partition by the fragments. Being an
+artilleryman, and therefore to be exposed to missiles of that kind, I
+concluded that my chances for surviving the war were extremely slim.</p>
+
+<p>While on this expedition an amusing incident occurred in our mess. There
+belonged to it quite a character. He was not considered a pretty boy,
+and tried to get even with the world by taking good care of himself. We
+had halted one morning to cook several days' rations, and a large pile
+of bread was placed near the fire, of which we were to eat our breakfast
+and the rest was to be divided among us. He came, we thought, too often
+to the pile, and helped himself bountifully; he would return to his seat
+on his blanket, and one or two of us saw, or thought we saw, him conceal
+pieces of bread under it. Nothing was said at the time, but after he had
+gone away Bolling, Packard and I concluded to examine his haversack,
+which looked very fat. In it we found about half a gallon of rye for
+coffee, a hock of bacon, a number of home-made buttered biscuit, a
+hen-egg and a goose-egg, besides more than his share of camp rations.
+Here was our chance to teach a Christian man in an agreeable way that
+he should not appropriate more than his share of the rations without the
+consent of the mess, so we set to and ate heartily of his good stores,
+and in their place put, for ballast, a river-jack that weighed about two
+pounds. He carried the stone for two days before he ate down to it, and,
+when he did, was mad enough to eat it. We then told him what we had done
+and why, but thought he had hidden enough under his blanket to carry him
+through the campaign.</p>
+
+<p>Before leaving the Valley we had observed decided evidences of spring;
+but here it was like midwinter&mdash;not a bud nor blade of grass to be seen.
+Milroy was now out of reach, so we retraced our steps. On getting out of
+the mountains we bore to the left of Staunton in the direction of
+Harrisonburg, twenty-five miles northeast of the former. After the bleak
+mountains, with their leafless trees, the old Valley looked like
+Paradise. The cherry and peach-trees were loaded with bloom, the fields
+covered with rank clover, and how our weary horses did revel in it! We
+camped the first night in a beautiful meadow, and soon after settling
+down I borrowed Sergeant Gregory's one-eyed horse to go foraging on. I
+was very successful; I got supper at a comfortable Dutch house, and at
+it and one or two others I bought myself and the mess rich. As I was
+returning to camp after night with a ham of bacon between me and the
+pommel of the saddle, a bucket of butter on one arm, a kerchief of pies
+on the other, and chickens swung across behind, my one-eyed horse
+stumbled and fell forward about ten feet with his nose to the ground. I
+let him take care of himself while I took care of my provisions. When he
+recovered his feet and started, I do not think a single one of my
+possessions had slipped an inch.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_V" id="CHAPTER_V"></a>CHAPTER V</h2>
+
+<h3>BRIDGEWATER&mdash;LURAY VALLEY&mdash;FRONT ROYAL&mdash;FOLLOWING GENERAL BANKS&mdash;NIGHT
+MARCH&mdash;BATTLE OF WINCHESTER&mdash;BANKS'S RETREAT</h3>
+
+
+<p>The next day we who were on foot crossed the Shenandoah on a bridge made
+of wagons standing side by side, with tongues up-stream, and boards
+extending from one wagon to another. We reached Bridgewater about four
+<span class="smcap">P.M.</span> It was a place of which I had never heard, and a beautiful
+village it proved to be, buried in trees and flowers. From Bridgewater
+we went to Harrisonburg, and then on our old familiar and beaten
+path&mdash;the Valley pike to New Market. Thence obliquely to the right,
+crossing the Massanutten Mountain into Luray Valley. During the Milroy
+campaign Ewell had crossed into the Valley, and we now followed his
+division, which was several miles in advance. Banks was in command of
+the Union force in the Valley, with his base at Winchester and
+detachments of his army at Strasburg, eighteen miles southwest, and at
+Front Royal, about the same distance in the Luray Valley. So the latter
+place was to be attacked first. About three <span class="smcap">P.M.</span> the following
+day cannonading was heard on ahead, and, after a sharp fight, Ewell
+carried the day. We arrived about sundown, after it was all over. In
+this battle the First Maryland Regiment (Confederate) had met the First
+Maryland (Federal) and captured the whole regiment. Several members of
+our battery had brothers or other relatives in the Maryland
+(Confederate) regiment, whom they now met for the first time since going
+into service. Next day we moved toward Middletown on the Valley pike,
+and midway between Winchester and Strasburg.</p>
+
+<p>Jackson's rapid movements seemed to have taken the enemy entirely by
+surprise, and we struck their divided forces piecemeal, and even after
+the Front Royal affair their troops at Strasburg, consisting chiefly of
+cavalry, had not moved. Two of our guns were sent on with the Louisiana
+Tigers, to intercept them at Middletown. The guns were posted about one
+hundred and fifty yards from the road, and the Tigers strung along
+behind a stone fence on the roadside. Everything was in readiness when
+the enemy came in sight. They wavered for a time, some trying to pass
+around, but, being pushed from behind, there was no alternative. Most of
+them tried to run the gauntlet; few, however, got through. As the rest
+of us came up we met a number of prisoners on horseback. They had been
+riding at a run for nine miles on the pike in a cloud of white dust.
+Many of them were hatless, some had saber-cuts on their heads and
+streams of blood were coursing down through the dust on their faces.
+Among them was a woman wearing a short red skirt and mounted on a tall
+horse.</p>
+
+<p>Confined in a churchyard in the village were two or three hundred
+prisoners. As we were passing by them an old negro cook, belonging to
+the Alleghany Rough Battery of our brigade, ran over to the fence and
+gave them a hearty greeting, said he was delighted to see them "thar,"
+and that we would catch all the rest of them before they got back home.
+Banks's main force was at Winchester, and thither we directed our
+course.</p>
+
+<p>Newtown was the next village, and there we had another skirmish, our
+artillery being at one end of the town and the enemy's at the opposite.
+In this encounter two members of our battery were wounded. There was
+great rejoicing among the people to see us back again and to be once
+more free from Northern soldiers. As the troops were passing through
+Newtown a very portly old lady came running out on her porch, and,
+spreading her arms wide, called out, "All of you run here and kiss me!"</p>
+
+<p>Night soon set in, and a long, weary night it was; the most trying I
+ever passed, in war or out of it. From dark till daylight we did not
+advance more than four miles. Step by step we moved along, halting for
+five minutes; then on a few steps and halt again. About ten o'clock we
+passed by a house rather below the roadside, on the porch of which lay
+several dead Yankees, a light shining on their ghastly faces.
+Occasionally we were startled by the sharp report of a rifle, followed
+in quick succession by others; then all as quiet as the grave.
+Sometimes, when a longer halt was made, we would endeavor to steal a few
+moments' sleep, for want of which it was hard to stand up. By the time a
+blanket was unrolled, the column was astir again, and so it continued
+throughout the long, dreary hours of the night.</p>
+
+<p>At last morning broke clear and beautiful, finding us about two miles
+from Winchester. After moving on for perhaps half a mile, we filed to
+the left. All indications were that a battle was imminent, Banks
+evidently intending to make one more effort. The sun was up, and never
+shone on a prettier country nor a lovelier May morning. Along our route
+was a brigade of Louisiana troops under the command of Gen. Dick Taylor,
+of Ewell's division. They were in line of battle in a ravine, and as we
+were passing by them several shells came screaming close over our heads
+and burst just beyond. I heard a colonel chiding his men for dodging,
+one of whom called out, in reply, "Colonel, lead us up to where we can
+get at them and then we won't dodge!" We passed on, bearing to the right
+and in the direction from which the shells came. General Jackson ordered
+us to take position on the hill just in front. The ground was covered
+with clover, and as we reached the crest we were met by a volley of
+musketry from a line of infantry behind a stone fence about two hundred
+yards distant.</p>
+
+<p>My gun was one of the last to get into position, coming up on the left.
+I was assigned the position of No. 2, Jim Ford No. 1. The Minie-balls
+were now flying fast by our heads, through the clover and everywhere. A
+charge of powder was handed me, which I put into the muzzle of the gun.
+In a rifled gun this should have been rammed home first, but No. 1 said,
+"Put in your shell and let one ram do. Hear those Minies?" I heard them
+and adopted the suggestion; the consequence was, the charge stopped
+half-way down and there it stuck, and the gun was thereby rendered
+unavailable. This was not very disagreeable, even from a patriotic point
+of view, as we could do but little good shooting at infantry behind a
+stone fence. On going about fifty yards to the rear, I came up with my
+friend and messmate, Gregory, who was being carried by several comrades.
+A Minie-ball had gone through his left arm into his breast and almost
+through his body, lodging in the right side of his back. Still he
+recovered, and was a captain of ordnance at the surrender, and two years
+ago I visited him at his own home in California. As my train stopped at
+his depot, and I saw a portly old gentleman with a long white beard
+coming to meet it, I thought of the youth I remembered, and said, "Can
+that be Gregory?"</p>
+
+<p>Then came Frank Preston with his arm shattered, which had to be
+amputated at the shoulder. I helped to carry Gregory to a barn one
+hundred and fifty yards in the rear, and there lay Bob McKim, of
+Baltimore, another member of the company, shot through the head and
+dying. Also my messmate, Wash. Stuart, who had recently joined the
+battery. A ball had struck him just below the cheek-bone, and, passing
+through the mouth, came out on the opposite side of his face, breaking
+out most of his jaw-teeth. Then came my brother John with a stream of
+blood running from the top of his head, and, dividing at the forehead,
+trickled in all directions down his face. My brother David was also
+slightly wounded on the arm by a piece of shell. By this time the
+Louisianians had been "led up to where they could get at them," and
+gotten them on the run. I forgot to mention that, as one of our guns was
+being put into position, a gate-post interfered. Captain Poague ordered
+John Agnor to cut the post down with an axe. Agnor said, "Captain, I
+will be killed!" Poague replied, "Do your duty, John." He had scarcely
+struck three blows before he fell dead, pierced by a Minie-ball.</p>
+
+<p>In this battle, known as First Winchester, two of the battery were
+killed and twelve or fourteen wounded. The fighting was soon over and
+became a chase. My gun being <i>hors de combat</i>, I remained awhile with
+the wounded, so did not witness the first wild enthusiasm of the
+Winchester people as our men drove the enemy through the streets, but
+heard that the ladies could not be kept indoors. Our battery did itself
+credit on this occasion. I will quote from Gen. Dick Taylor's book,
+entitled "Destruction and Reconstruction": "Jackson was on the pike and
+near him were several regiments lying down for shelter, as the fire from
+the ridge was heavy and searching. A Virginian battery, the Rockbridge
+Artillery, was fighting at great disadvantage, and already much cut up.
+Poetic authority asserts that 'Old Virginny never tires,' and the
+conduct of this battery justified the assertion of the muses. With
+scarce a leg or wheel for man and horse, gun or caisson, to stand on, it
+continued to hammer away at the crushing fire above." And further on in
+the same narrative he says, "Meanwhile, the Rockbridge Battery held on
+manfully and engaged the enemy's attention." Dr. Dabney's "Life of
+Stonewall Jackson," page 377, says: "Just at this moment General Jackson
+rode forward, followed by two field-officers, to the very crest of the
+hill, and, amidst a perfect shower of balls, reconnoitred the whole
+position.... He saw them posting another battery, with which they hoped
+to enfilade the ground occupied by the guns of Poague; and nearer to his
+left front a body of riflemen were just seizing a position behind a
+stone fence when they poured a galling fire upon the gunners and struck
+down many men and horses. Here this gallant battery stood its ground,
+sometimes almost silenced, yet never yielding an inch. After a time they
+changed their front to the left, and while a part of their guns replied
+to the opposing battery the remainder shattered the stone fence, which
+sheltered the Federal infantry, with solid shot and raked it with
+canister."</p>
+
+<p>In one of the hospitals I saw Jim ("Red") Jordan, an old schoolmate and
+member of the Alleghany Roughs, with his arm and shoulder horribly
+mangled by a shell. He had beautiful brown eyes, and, as I came into the
+room where he lay tossing on his bed, he opened them for a moment and
+called my name, but again fell back delirious, and soon afterward died.</p>
+
+<p>The chase was now over, and the town full of soldiers and officers,
+especially the latter. I was invited by John Williams, better known as
+"Johnny," to spend the night at his home, a home renowned even in
+hospitable Winchester for its hospitality. He had many more intimate
+friends than I, and the house was full. Still I thought I received more
+attention and kindness than even the officers. I was given a choice room
+all to myself, and never shall I forget the impression made by the sight
+of that clean, snow-white bed, the first I had seen since taking up arms
+for my country, which already seemed to me a lifetime. I thought I must
+lie awake awhile, in order to take in the situation, then go gradually
+to sleep, realizing that to no rude alarm was I to hearken, and once or
+twice during the night to wake up and realize it again. But, alas! my
+plans were all to no purpose; for, after the continual marching and the
+vigils of the previous night, I was asleep the moment my head touched
+the pillow, nor moved a muscle till breakfast was announced next
+morning.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VI" id="CHAPTER_VI"></a>CHAPTER VI</h2>
+
+<h3>CAPTURING FEDERAL CAVALRY&mdash;CHARLESTOWN&mdash;EXTRAORDINARY MARCH</h3>
+
+
+<p>After camping for a day or two about three miles below Winchester we
+marched again toward Harper's Ferry, thirty miles below. Four of the six
+guns of the battery were sent in advance with the infantry of the
+brigade; the other two guns, to one of which I belonged, coming on
+leisurely in the rear. As we approached Charlestown, seated on the
+limbers and caissons, we saw three or four of our cavalrymen coming at
+full speed along a road on our left, which joined the road we were on,
+making an acute angle at the end of the main street. They announced
+"Yankee cavalry" as they passed and disappeared into the town. In a
+moment the Federals were within one hundred yards of us. We had no
+officer, except Sergeant Jordan, but we needed none. Instantly every man
+was on his feet, the guns unlimbered, and, by the time the muzzles were
+in the right direction, No. 5 handed me a charge of canister, No. 1
+standing ready to ram. Before I put the charge into the gun the enemy
+had come to a halt within eighty yards of us, and their commanding
+officer drew and waved a white handkerchief. We, afraid to leave our
+guns lest they should escape or turn the tables on us, after some time
+prevailed on our straggling cavalry, who had halted around the turn, to
+ride forward and take them. There were seventeen Federals, well-mounted
+and equipped. Our cavalry claimed all the spoils, and I heard afterward
+most of the credit, too. We got four of the horses, one of which, under
+various sergeants and corporals, and by the name of "Fizzle," became
+quite a celebrity.</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<img src="images/illus05.jpg" alt="Moore"  />
+<a id="illus05" name="illus05"></a>
+</p>
+<p class='center'> <span class="smcap">Edward A. Moore</span><br />
+
+(March, 1862)</p>
+
+<p>Delighted with our success and gallantry, we again mounted our caissons
+and entered the town at a trot. The people had been under Northern rule
+for a long time, and were rejoiced to greet their friends. I heard a
+very old lady say to a little girl, as we drove by, "Oh, dear! if your
+father was just here, to see this!" The young ladies were standing on
+the sides of the streets, and, as our guns rattled by, would reach out
+to hand us some of the dainties from their baskets; but we had had
+plenty, so they could not reach far enough. The excitement over, we went
+into camp in a pretty piece of woods two miles below the town and six
+from Harper's Ferry. Here we spent several days pleasantly.</p>
+
+<p>Mayor Middleton, of our town, Lexington, had followed us with a
+wagon-load of boxes of edibles from home. So many of the company had
+been wounded or left behind that the rest of us had a double share.
+Gregory's box, which Middleton brought from the railroad, contained a
+jar of delicious pickle. I had never relished it before, but camp-life
+had created a craving for it that seemed insatiable. The cows of the
+neighborhood seemed to have a curiosity to see us, and would stroll
+around the camp and stand kindly till a canteen could be filled with
+rich milk, which could soon be cooled in a convenient spring. Just
+outside of Charlestown lived the Ransons, who had formerly lived near
+Lexington and were great friends of my father's family. I called to see
+them. Buck, the second son, was then about fifteen and chafing to go
+into the army. I took a clean shave with his razor, which he used daily
+to encourage his beard and shorten his stay in Jericho. He treated me to
+a flowing goblet of champagne and gave me a lead-colored knit jacket,
+with a blue border, in which I felt quite fine, and wore through the
+rest of the campaign. It was known in the mess as my "Josey." Buck
+eventually succeeded in getting in, and now bears the scars of three
+saber-cuts on his head.</p>
+
+<p>It was raining the day we broke camp and started toward Winchester, but
+our march was enlivened by the addition of a new recruit in the person
+of Steve Dandridge. He was about sixteen and had just come from the
+Virginia Military Institute, where he had been sent to be kept out of
+the army. He wore a cadet-cap which came well over the eyes and nose,
+and left a mass of brown, curly hair unprotected on the back of his
+head. His joy at being "mustered in" was irrepressible. He had no ear
+for music, was really "too good-natured to strike a tune," but the songs
+he tried to sing would have made a "dog laugh." Within an hour after his
+arrival he was on intimate terms with everybody and knew and called us
+all by our first names.</p>
+
+<p>The march of this day was one of the noted ones of the war. Our battery
+traveled about thirty-five miles, and the infantry of the brigade, being
+camped within a mile of Harper's Ferry, made more than forty miles
+through rain and mud. The cause of this haste was soon revealed. General
+Fremont, with a large army, was moving rapidly from the north to cut us
+off, and was already nearer our base than we were, while General
+Shields, with another large force, was pushing from the southeast,
+having also the advantage of us in distance, and trying to unite with
+Fremont, and General McDowell with 20,000 men was at Fredericksburg. The
+roads on which the three armies were marching concentrated at Strasburg,
+and Jackson was the first to get there. Two of our guns were put in
+position on a fortified hill near the town, from which I could see the
+pickets of both the opposing armies on their respective roads and
+numbers of our stragglers still following on behind us, between the two.
+Many of our officers had collected around our guns with their
+field-glasses, and, at the suggestion of one of them, we fired a few
+rounds at the enemy's videttes "to hurry up our stragglers."</p>
+
+<p>The next day, when near the village of Edinburg, a squadron of our
+cavalry, under command of General Munford, was badly stampeded by a
+charge of Federal cavalry. Suddenly some of these men and horses without
+riders came dashing through our battery, apparently blind to objects in
+their front. One of our company was knocked down by the knees of a
+flying horse, and, as the horse was making his next leap toward him, his
+bridle was seized by a driver and the horse almost doubled up and
+brought to a standstill. This was the only time I ever heard a
+field-officer upbraided by privates; but one of the officers got ample
+abuse from us on that occasion.</p>
+
+<p>I had now again, since Winchester, been assigned to a Parrott gun, and
+it, with another, was ordered into position on the left of the road. The
+Federals soon opened on us with two guns occupying an unfavorable
+position considerably below us. The gunner of my piece was J. P. Smith,
+who afterward became an aide on General Jackson's staff, and was with
+him when he received his death-wound at Chancellorsville. One of the
+guns firing at us could not, for some time, be accurately located, owing
+to some small trees, etc., which intervened, so the other gun received
+most of our attention. Finally, I marked the hidden one exactly, beyond
+a small tree, from the puff of smoke when it fired. I then asked J. P.,
+as we called him, to let me try a shot at it, to which he kindly
+assented. I got a first-rate aim and ordered "Fire!" The enemy's gun
+did not fire again, though its companion continued for some time. I have
+often wished to know what damage I did them.</p>
+
+<p>The confusion of the stampede being over, the line of march was quietly
+resumed for several miles, until we reached "The Narrows," where we
+again went into position. I had taken a seat by the roadside and was
+chatting with a companion while the guns drove out into a field to
+prepare for action, and, as I could see the ground toward the enemy, I
+knew that I had ample time to get to my post before being needed. When
+getting out the accouterments the priming-wire could not be found. I
+being No. 3 was, of course, responsible for it. I heard Captain Poague,
+on being informed who No. 3 was, shout, "Ned Moore, where is that
+priming-wire?" I replied, "It is in the limber-chest where it belongs."
+There were a good many people around, and I did not wish it to appear
+that I had misplaced my little priming-wire in the excitement of
+covering Stonewall's retreat. The captain yelled, as I thought
+unnecessarily, "It isn't there!" I, in the same tone, replied, "It is
+there, and I will get it!" So off I hurried, and, to my delight, there
+it was in its proper place, and I brought it forth with no small
+flourish and triumph.</p>
+
+<p>After waiting here for a reasonable time, and no foe appearing, we
+followed on in rear of the column without further molestation or
+incident that I can now recall. We reached Harrisonburg after a few
+days' marching.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VII" id="CHAPTER_VII"></a>CHAPTER VII</h2>
+
+<h3>GENERAL JACKSON NARROWLY ESCAPES BEING CAPTURED AT PORT
+REPUBLIC&mdash;CONTEST BETWEEN CONFEDERATES AND FEDERALS FOR BRIDGE OVER
+SHENANDOAH</h3>
+
+
+<p>The College company had as cook a very black negro boy named Pete, who
+through all this marching had carried, on a baggage-wagon, a small game
+rooster which he told me had whipped every chicken from Harrisonburg to
+Winchester and back again. At last he met defeat, and Pete consigned him
+to the pot, saying, "No chicken dat kin be whipped shall go 'long wid
+Jackson's headquarters." At Harrisonburg we turned to the left again,
+but this time obliquely, in the direction of Port Republic, twenty miles
+distant. We went into camp on Saturday evening, June 7, about one mile
+from Port Republic and on the north side of the Shenandoah. Shields had
+kept his army on the south side of this stream and had been moving
+parallel with us during our retreat. Jackson's division was in advance.
+Instead of going into camp, I, with two messmates, Bolling and Walter
+Packard, diverged to a log-house for supper. The man of the house was
+quiet; his wife did the talking, and a great deal of it. She flatly
+refused us a bite to eat, but, on stating the case to her, she consented
+to let us have some bread and milk. Seated around an unset dining-table
+we began divesting ourselves of our knapsacks. She said, "Just keep your
+baggage on; you can eat a bite and go." We told her we could eat faster
+unharnessed. She sliced a loaf of bread as sad as beeswax, one she had
+had on hand for perhaps a week, and gave us each a bowl of sour milk,
+all the while reminding us to make our stay short. For the sake of
+"argument" we proposed to call around for breakfast. She scorned the
+idea, had "promised breakfast to fifty already." "Staying all night? Not
+any." We said we could sleep in the yard and take our chances for
+breakfast. After yielding, inch by inch, she said we could sleep on the
+porch. "Well, I reckon you just as well come into the house," and showed
+us into a snug room containing two nice, clean beds, in one of which lay
+a little "nigger" about five years old, with her nappy head on a
+snow-white pillow. We took the floor and slept all night, and were
+roused next morning to partake of a first-rate breakfast.</p>
+
+<p>About eight or nine o'clock this Sunday morning we were taking our ease
+in and about camp, some having gone to the river to bathe, and the
+horses turned loose in the fields to graze. I was stretched at full
+length on the ground, when "bang!" went a Yankee cannon about a mile in
+our rear, toward Port Republic. We were up and astir instantly, fully
+realizing the situation. By lending my assistance to the drivers in
+catching and hitching up the horses, my gun was the first ready, and
+started immediately in the direction of the firing, with Captain Poague
+in the lead, the other guns following on as they got ready.</p>
+
+<p>Three or four hundred yards brought us in full view of Port Republic,
+situated just across the river. Beyond, and to the left of the village,
+was a small body of woods; below this, and lying between the river and
+mountain, an open plain. We fired on several regiments of infantry in
+the road parallel to and across the river, who soon began moving off to
+the left. The other guns of the battery, arriving on the scene one at a
+time, took position on our left and opened vigorously on the retreating
+infantry. My gun then moved forward and unlimbered close to a bridge
+about two hundred yards below the town, where we took position on a
+bluff in the bend of the river. We commenced firing at the enemy's
+cavalry as they emerged from the woods and crossed the open plain. One
+of our solid shots struck a horse and rider going at full gallop. The
+horse reared straight up, then down both fell in a common heap to rise
+no more.</p>
+
+<p>While in this position General Jackson, who had narrowly escaped being
+captured in his quarters in the town, came riding up to us. Soon after
+his arrival we saw a single piece of artillery pass by the lower end of
+the village, and, turning to the right, drive quietly along the road
+toward the bridge. The men were dressed in blue, most of them having on
+blue overcoats; still we were confident they were our own men, as
+three-fourths of us wore captured overcoats. General Jackson ordered,
+"Fire on that gun!" We said, "General, those are our men." The General
+repeated, "Fire on that gun!" Captain Poague said, "General, I know
+those are our men." (Poague has since told me that he had, that morning,
+crossed the river and seen one of our batteries in camp near this
+place.) Then the General called, "Bring that gun over here," and
+repeated the order several times. We had seen, a short distance behind
+us, a regiment of our infantry, the Thirty-seventh Virginia. It was now
+marching in column very slowly toward us. In response to Jackson's order
+to "bring that gun over here," the Federals, for Federals they were,
+unlimbered their gun and pointed it through the bridge. We tried to
+fire, but could not depress our gun sufficiently for a good aim.</p>
+
+<p>The front of the infantry regiment had now reached a point within twenty
+steps of us on our right, when the Federals turned their gun toward us
+and fired, killing the five men of the regiment at the front. The
+Federals then mounted their horses and limber, leaving their gun behind,
+and started off. The infantry, shocked by their warm reception, had not
+yet recovered. We called on them, over and over, to kill a horse as the
+enemy drove off. They soon began shooting, and, I thought, fired shots
+enough to kill a dozen horses; but on the Federals went, right in front
+of us, and not more than one hundred yards distant, accompanied by two
+officers on horseback. When near the town the horse of one officer
+received a shot and fell dead. The Thirty-seventh Virginia followed on
+in column through the bridge, its front having passed the deserted gun
+while its rear was passing us. The men in the rear, mistaking the front
+of their own regiment for the enemy, opened fire on them, heedless of
+the shouts of their officers and of the artillerymen as to what they
+were doing. I saw a little fellow stoop, and, resting his rifle on his
+knee, take a long aim and fire. Fortunately, they shot no better at
+their own men than they did at the enemy, as not a man was touched. Up
+to this time we had been absorbed in events immediately at hand, but,
+quiet being now restored, we heard cannonading back toward Harrisonburg.
+Fremont had attacked Ewell at Cross Keys, about four miles from us. Soon
+the musketry was heard and the battle waxed warm.</p>
+
+<p>Remaining in this position the greater portion of the day, we listened
+anxiously to learn from the increasing or lessening sound how the battle
+was going with Ewell, and turned our eyes constantly in the opposite
+direction, expecting a renewal of the attack from Shields. Toward the
+middle of the afternoon the sound became more and more remote&mdash;Ewell had
+evidently won the day, which fact was later confirmed by couriers. We
+learned, too, of the death of General Ashby, which had occurred the
+preceding day.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VIII" id="CHAPTER_VIII"></a>CHAPTER VIII</h2>
+
+<h3>BATTLE OF PORT REPUBLIC</h3>
+
+
+<p>About sundown we crossed on the bridge, and our wagons joining us we
+went into bivouac. In times of this kind, when every one is tired, each
+has to depend on himself to prepare his meal. While I was considering
+how best and soonest I could get my supper cooked, Bob Lee happened to
+stop at our fire, and said he would show me a first-rate plan. It was to
+mix flour and water together into a thin batter, then fry the grease out
+of bacon, take the meat out of the frying pan and pour the batter in,
+and then "just let her rip awhile over the fire." I found the receipt a
+good one and expeditious.</p>
+
+<p>About two miles below us, near the river, we could plainly see the
+enemy's camp-fires. Early next morning we were astir, and crossed the
+other fork of the river on an improvised bridge made of boards laid on
+the running-gear of wagons.</p>
+
+<p>We felt assured that Fremont and Shields had received ample
+satisfaction, and that we were done with them for the present at least.
+Still more were we of this opinion when the wagon-train took the Brown's
+Gap road leading across the Blue Ridge, we expecting, of course, to
+follow. We did not follow, however, but took instead the route Shields's
+forces had taken the day previous, along which lay the bodies of the men
+we had killed, their heads, with few exceptions, being shot entirely
+off.</p>
+
+<p>Having gone about a mile, the enemy opened on us with artillery, their
+shells tearing by us with a most venomous whistle. Halted on the sides
+of the road, as we moved by, were the infantry of our brigade. Among
+them I recognized my old school-teacher, Alfonso Smith, who had just
+joined the army. I had many times quailed under his fierce eye and
+writhed under his birch rod. The strain to which he was subjected under
+these circumstances was doubly trying, waiting inactive for his first
+baptism of fire. His eye was restless as we passed; perhaps he had a
+presentiment, as he received his death-wound before the day was over.</p>
+
+<p>Again our two Parrott guns were ordered forward. Turning out of the road
+to the left, we unlimbered and commenced firing. The ground on which we
+stood was level and very soft, and, having no hand-spike, we had to move
+the trail of the gun by main force. The enemy very soon got our range,
+and more accurate shooting I was never subjected to. The other four guns
+of the battery now came up, and, passing along a small ravine about
+forty yards behind us, halted for a time nearby. We were hotly engaged,
+shells bursting close around and pelting us with soft dirt as they
+struck the ground. Bob Lee came creeping up from his gun in the ravine,
+and called to me, "Ned, that isn't making batter-cakes, is it?" The
+constant recoiling of our gun cut great furrows in the earth, which made
+it necessary to move several times to more solid ground. In these
+different positions which we occupied three of the enemy's shells passed
+between the wheels and under the axle of our gun, bursting at the trail.
+One of them undermined the gunner's (Henry's) footing and injured him so
+as to necessitate his leaving the field. Even the old Irish hero, Tom
+Martin, was demoralized, and, in dodging from a Yankee shell, was struck
+by the wheel of our gun in its recoil and rendered <i>hors de combat</i>. We
+had been kept in this position for two or three hours, while a flank
+movement was being made by Taylor's Louisiana Brigade and the Second
+Virginia Regiment through the brush at the foot of the mountain on our
+right. When it was thought that sufficient time had been allowed for
+them to make the detour, our whole line moved forward, the rest of the
+battery several hundred yards to our left. When my gun moved up an
+eighth of a mile nearer to the enemy, they added two guns to the three
+occupying the site of an old coal-hearth at the foot of the rugged
+mountain, so that our gun had five to contend with for an hour longer.</p>
+
+<p>Graham Montgomery had become gunner in Henry's place, and proved a good
+one. He could not be hurried, and every time the smoke puffed from our
+gun their cannoneers slid right and left from the coal-hearth, then
+returning to their guns loaded and gave us a volley. As usual in such
+cases, our flanking party was longer in making their appearance than
+expected. The whole Federal line charged, and as they did so their ranks
+rapidly thinned, some hesitating to advance, while others were shot down
+in full view. Still they drove us back and captured one gun of our
+battery. Singleton, of my mess, was captured, and Lieut. Cole Davis,
+supposed to be mortally wounded, was left on the field. On getting back
+a short distance I found myself utterly exhausted, my woolen clothes wet
+with perspiration. Having been too tired to get out of the way when the
+gun fired, my eardrums kept up the vibrations for hours. Sleep soon
+overcame me, but still the battle reverberated in my head.</p>
+
+<p>The Louisianians and the Second Virginia had gotten through the brush
+and driven the enemy from the field. I was roused, to join in the
+pursuit, and had the satisfaction of seeing the five cannon that had
+played on our gun standing silent on the coal-hearth, in our hands.
+There being no room in their rear, their caissons and limbers stood off
+to their right on a flat piece of heavily wooded ground. This was almost
+covered with dead horses. I think there must have been eighty or ninety
+on less than an acre; one I noticed standing almost upright, perfectly
+lifeless, supported by a fallen tree. Farther on we overtook one of our
+battery horses which we had captured from Banks two weeks before.
+Shields's men then captured him from us, and we again from them. He had
+been wounded four times, but was still fit for service.</p>
+
+<p>Such a spectacle as we here witnessed and exultingly enjoyed possibly
+has no parallel. After a rapid retreat of more than one hundred miles,
+to escape from the clutches of three armies hotly pursuing on flank and
+rear, one of which had outstripped us, we paused to contemplate the
+situation. On the ground where we stood lay the dead and wounded of
+Shields's army, with much of their artillery and many prisoners in our
+possession, while, crowning the hills in full view and with no means of
+crossing an intervening river, even should they venture to do so, stood
+another army&mdash;Fremont's&mdash;with flags flying.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_IX" id="CHAPTER_IX"></a>CHAPTER IX</h2>
+
+<h3>FROM BROWN'S GAP TO STAUNTON&mdash;FROM STAUNTON TO RICHMOND&mdash;COLD
+HARBOR&mdash;GENERAL LEE VISITS HIS SON IN THE BATTERY</h3>
+
+
+<p>I had exchanged my brother John as a bedfellow for Walter Packard.
+Walter was a droll fellow, rather given to arguing, and had a way of
+enraging his adversary while he kept cool, and, when it suited, could
+put on great dignity. Immediately following our battery, as we worked
+our way along a by-road through the foothills toward Brown's Gap, was
+Gen. Dick Taylor at the head of his Louisiana Brigade. Walter had
+mounted and was riding on a caisson, contrary to orders recently issued
+by Jackson. Taylor ordered him to get down. Walter turned around, and,
+looking coolly at him, said, with his usual sang-froid, "Who are you,
+and what the devil have you to do with my riding on a caisson?" Taylor
+seemed astounded for a moment, and then opened on poor Walter with a
+volley of oaths that our champion swearer, Irish Emmett, would have
+envied.</p>
+
+<p>When we had gotten about half-way to the top of the mountain, I, with
+three others, was detailed to go back and bring Lieut. Cole Davis from
+the field. We were too tired for any thought but of ourselves, and
+retraced our steps, growling as we went. We had heard that Davis was
+mortally wounded, and was probably dead then. Suddenly, one hundred
+yards in front of us, we saw a man riding slowly toward us, sitting
+erect, with his plume flying. We said, "That's Davis or his ghost!" It
+was he, held on his horse by a man on each side. We walked on with him
+till dusk, but, finding he had assistants to spare, two of us overtook
+the battery. Davis was shot through the body, and suffering dreadfully,
+able to move only in an upright posture. He entirely recovered, however,
+and did gallant service until the close of the war.</p>
+
+<p>Still photographed on my memory is the appearance of the body of one of
+the Second Virginia Regiment being hauled on our rear caisson. His head
+had been shot off, and over the headless trunk was fastened a white
+handkerchief, which served as a sort of guide in the darkness. Weary of
+plodding thus, Graham Montgomery and I left the road, a short distance
+from which we concluded to spend the night and be subject to no more
+orders. A drizzling rain was falling. Each having a gum-cloth, we spread
+one on the loose stones and the other over us, with our feet against a
+big tree, to keep from sliding down the mountainside. We were soon
+asleep, and when we awoke next morning we had slid into a heap close
+against the tree. To give an idea of the ready access we had to the
+enemy's stores. I had been the possessor of nine gum-blankets within the
+past three weeks, and no such article as a gum-blanket was ever
+manufactured in the South. Any soldier carrying a Confederate canteen
+was at once recognized as a new recruit, as it required but a short time
+to secure one of superior quality from a dead foeman on a battlefield.</p>
+
+<p>Following the road up the mountain, we came across one of our guns
+which, by bad driving, had fallen over an embankment some forty feet.
+Two horses still hitched to it lay on their backs, one of which I
+recognized as Gregory's one-eyed dun which I had ridden foraging at
+Bridgewater. After my arrival on top of the mountain I was sent with a
+detail which recovered the gun and the two horses, both alive. Dandridge
+and Adams were driving the team when the gun went over. They saved
+themselves by jumping, and came near having a fight right there as to
+who was at fault, and for a long time afterward it was only necessary to
+refer to the matter to have a repetition of the quarrel.</p>
+
+<p>After a day or two we countermarched toward Port Republic and went into
+camp a mile from Weir's cave, where we spent several days. Thence toward
+Staunton and camped near the town. Here we were told that we were to
+have a month's rest in consideration of our long-continued marching and
+fighting. Rest, indeed! We lost the three days we might have had for
+rest while there, preparing our camp for a month of ease. During our
+stay here my father paid us a visit, having ridden from Lexington to see
+his three sons. After having gotten ourselves comfortable, orders came
+to pack up and be ready to move. I had carried in my knapsack a pair of
+lady's shoes captured from Banks's plunder at Winchester. These I gave
+to a camp scavenger who came from the town for plunder.</p>
+
+<p>Little did we dream of the marching and fighting that were in store for
+us. Jackson, having vanquished three armies in the Valley, was now
+ordered to Richmond with his "bloody brigades."</p>
+
+<p>We left Staunton about the twentieth of June, crossed the Blue Ridge at
+Rockfish Gap, passed through Charlottesville, and were choked, day after
+day, by the red dust of the Piedmont region. In Louisa County we had
+rain and mud to contend with, thence through the low, flat lands of
+Hanover, bearing to the left after passing Ashland.</p>
+
+<p>Our destination was now evident. The army around Richmond was waiting
+for Jackson to dislodge McClellan from the Chickahominy swamps, and our
+attack was to be made on his right flank. It seems that our powers of
+endurance had been over-estimated or the distance miscalculated, as the
+initiatory battle at Mechanicsville was fought by A. P. Hill without
+Jackson's aid. This was the first of the seven days' fighting around
+Richmond. We arrived in the neighborhood of Cold Harbor about two <span class="smcap">P.
+M.</span> on June 27, and approached more and more nearly the preliminary
+cannonading, most of which was done by the enemy's guns. About three
+o'clock the musketry began, and soon thereafter the infantry of our
+brigade was halted in the road alongside of us, and, loading their guns,
+moved forward.</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<img src="images/illus06.jpg" alt="Brown"  />
+<a id="illus06" name="illus06"></a>
+</p>
+<p class='center'> <span class="smcap">John M. Brown</span><br />
+
+(War-time portrait)</p>
+
+<p>In a short time the fighting became furious, done almost entirely on our
+side with small arms, as few positions could be found for artillery. For
+two or three hours the noise of the battle remained almost stationary,
+accentuated at intervals by the shouting of the combatants, as ground
+was lost or won. It was here that General Lee said to General Jackson,
+"That fire is very heavy! Do you think your men can stand it?" The reply
+was, "They can stand almost anything; they can stand that!" We stood
+expecting every moment to be ordered in, as every effort was made by our
+officers to find a piece of open ground on which we could unlimber. By
+sundown the firing had gradually lessened and was farther from us, and
+when night came on the enemy had been driven from their fortifications
+and quiet was restored. The loss on our side was fearful. Among the
+killed was my cousin, James Allen, colonel of the Second Virginia
+Regiment.</p>
+
+<p>While lying among the guns in park that night my rest was frequently
+disturbed by the antics of one of the battery horses suffering with an
+attack of "blind staggers," and floundering around in the darkness among
+the sleeping men.</p>
+
+<p>Before leaving our place of bivouac the next morning, a visit from
+General Lee, attended by his full staff, to his son Robert, gave us our
+first opportunity of seeing this grand man. The interview between father
+and son is described by the latter in his "Recollections and Letters of
+Gen. Robert E. Lee," which I quote:</p>
+
+<p>"The day after the battle of Cold Harbor, during the 'Seven Days'
+fighting around Richmond, was the first time I met my father after I had
+joined General Jackson. The tremendous work Stonewall's men had
+performed, including the rapid march from the Valley of Virginia, the
+short rations, the bad water, and the great heat, had begun to tell upon
+us, and I was pretty well worn out. On this particular morning my
+battery had not moved from its bivouac ground of the previous night, but
+was parked in an open field, all ready waiting orders. Most of the men
+were lying down, many sleeping, myself among the latter number. To get
+some shade and to be out of the way I had crawled under a caisson, and
+was busy making up many lost hours of rest. Suddenly I was rudely
+awakened by a comrade, prodding me with a sponge-staff as I had failed
+to be aroused by his call, and was told to get up and come out, that
+some one wished to see me. Half-awake I staggered out, and found myself
+face to face with General Lee and his staff. Their fresh uniforms,
+bright equipments, and well-groomed horses contrasted so forcibly with
+the war-worn appearance of our command that I was completely dazed. It
+took me a moment or two to realize what it all meant, but when I saw my
+father's loving eyes and smile it became clear to me that he had ridden
+by to see if I was safe and to ask how I was getting along. I remember
+well how curiously those with him gazed at me, and I am sure that it
+must have struck them as very odd that such a dirty, ragged, unkempt
+youth could have been the son of this grand-looking, victorious
+commander.</p>
+
+<p>"I was introduced recently to a gentleman, now living in Washington,
+who, when he found out my name, said he had met me once before and that
+it was on this occasion. At that time he was a member of the Tenth
+Virginia Infantry, Jackson's division, and was camped near our battery.
+Seeing General Lee and staff approach, he, with others, drew near to
+have a look at them, and witnessed the meeting between father and son.
+He also said that he had often told of the incident as illustrating the
+peculiar composition of our army."</p>
+
+<p>As we moved on over the battlefield that morning, the number of slain on
+both sides was fully in proportion to the magnitude of the conflict of
+the day preceding. In a piece of woods through which we passed, and
+through which the battle had surged back and forth, after careful
+observation I failed to find a tree the size of a man's body with less
+than a dozen bullet-marks on it within six feet of the ground, and many
+of them were scarred to the tops. Not even the small saplings had
+escaped, yet some of the men engaged had passed through the battle
+untouched. I was with my messmate, William Bolling, when he here
+discovered and recognized the dead body of his former school-teacher,
+Wood McDonald, of Winchester.</p>
+
+<p>On the 28th we crossed the Chickahominy on Grapevine Bridge, the long
+approaches to which were made of poles, thence across the York River
+Railroad at Savage Station. As we moved along, fighting was almost
+constantly heard in advance of us, and rumors were rife that the trap
+was so set as to capture the bulk of McClellan's army. Near White Oak
+Swamp we reached another battlefield, and, after night, went into
+bivouac among the enemy's dead. About ten o'clock I, with several
+others, was detailed to go back with some wagons, to get a supply of
+captured ammunition. For four or five miles we jolted over corduroy
+roads, loaded our wagons, and got back to the battery just before dawn
+of the following morning. Scarcely had I stretched myself on the ground
+when the bugle sounded reveille, and even those who had spent the night
+undisturbed were with difficulty aroused from sleep. I remember seeing
+Captain Poague go to a prostrate form that did not respond to the
+summons, and call out, "Wake up, wake up!" But, seeing no sign of
+stirring, he used his foot to give it a shake, when he discovered he was
+trying to rouse a dead Yankee! Having been on duty all night I was
+being left unmolested to the last moment, when Joe Shaner came to me, as
+usual, and very quietly rolled up my blanket with his, to be carried on
+his off-horse. This was the battlefield of White Oak Swamp, fought on
+June 30. Along the march from Cold Harbor we had passed several Federal
+field-hospitals containing their sick, some of them in tents, some lying
+in bunks made of poles supported on upright forks. These and their old
+camps were infested with vermin&mdash;"war bugs," as we usually called
+them&mdash;which, with what we already had after two weeks of constant march,
+with neither time nor material for a change, made us exceedingly
+uncomfortable.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_X" id="CHAPTER_X"></a>CHAPTER X</h2>
+
+<h3>GENERAL JACKSON COMPLIMENTS THE BATTERY&mdash;MALVERN HILL&mdash;MY VISIT TO
+RICHMOND</h3>
+
+
+<p>On July 1 we passed near the battlefield known as Frazier's Farm, also
+fought on June 30 by the divisions of Magruder, Longstreet, and others,
+and arrived early in the day in front of Malvern Hill. For a mile or
+more our road ran through a dense body of woods extending to the high
+range of hills occupied by the enemy. At a point where another road
+crossed the one on which we had traveled, and where stood two old
+gate-posts, we were ordered to mount the caissons and limbers and trot
+on toward the firing already begun. This order can be attributed to the
+reputation our battery had made, and is a matter of record, which I
+quote: "At Malvern Hill the battery was openly complimented by General
+Jackson in connection with Carpenter's battery. When Gen. D. H. Hill
+asked General Jackson if he could furnish him a battery which would hold
+a certain position, from which two or three batteries had been driven by
+the galling fire of the enemy, he said, 'Yes, two,' and called for
+Carpenter and Poague, and General Hill ordered Captain Poague to bring
+up his battery at once."</p>
+
+<p>Taking the road to the left, we soon emerged from the woods into a
+wheat-field, the grain standing in shocks. While seated on a caisson,
+driving down this road at a trot, I was suddenly seized with a
+presentiment that I was to be killed in this battle, the only time such
+a feeling came over me during the war. Finding myself becoming rapidly
+demoralized, I felt that, in order to avoid disgrace, I must get down
+from that seat and shake the wretched thing off. So down I jumped and
+took it afoot, alongside of the gun, as we passed down a little ravine
+which was being raked from end to end by the enemy's shells. The
+diversion worked like a charm, for in two minutes the apprehension toned
+down to the normal proportions of "stage fright." We were soon in
+position with our six guns ablaze. The enemy's batteries were posted on
+considerably higher ground, with three times as many guns and of heavier
+caliber than ours, which served us the same galling fire that had
+wrecked the batteries preceding us. After having been engaged for an
+hour, a battery posted some two hundred yards to our left was stampeded
+and came by us under whip and spur, announcing, as they passed, that
+they were flanked by Federal cavalry. In the commotion, some one in our
+battery called out that we had orders to withdraw, and, before it could
+be corrected, eight or ten of the company, joining in the rout, beat a
+retreat to the woods, for which they were afterward punished; some
+being assigned as drivers, and one or two gallant fellows having it ever
+afterward to dim their glory. We soon, however, recovered from the
+confusion, but with diminished numbers. I know that for a part of the
+time I filled the positions of 7, 5, and 2 at my gun, until a gallant
+little lieutenant named Day, of some general's staff, relieved me of
+part of the work. My brother John, working at the gun next to mine,
+received a painful shell-wound in the side and had to leave the field.
+His place was supplied by Doran, an Irishman, and in a few minutes
+Doran's arm was shattered by a shell, causing him to cry out most
+lustily. My brother David, shortly after this, was disabled by a blow on
+his arm, and, at my solicitation, left the field.</p>
+
+<p>I would suggest to any young man when enlisting to select a company in
+which he has no near kindred. The concern as to one's own person affords
+sufficient entertainment, without being kept in suspense as to who went
+down when a shell explodes in proximity to another member of the family.</p>
+
+<p>John Fuller, driver at the piece next on my right, was crouched down on
+his knees, with his head leaning forward, holding his horses. Seeing a
+large shell descending directly toward him, I called to him to look out!
+When he raised his head, this shell was within five feet of him and
+grazed his back before entering the ground close behind him. He was
+severely shocked, and for some days unfit for duty. At the first battle
+of Fredericksburg, more than a year after this, while holding his horses
+and kneeling in the same posture, a shell descending in like manner
+struck him square on his head and passed down through the length of his
+body. A month after the battle I saw all that was left of his cap&mdash;the
+morocco vizor&mdash;lying on the ground where he was killed.</p>
+
+<p>Behind us, scattered over the wheat-field, were a number of loose
+artillery horses from the batteries that had been knocked out. Taking
+advantage of the opportunity to get a meal, one of these stood eating
+quietly at a shock of wheat, when another horse came galloping toward
+him from the woods. When within about thirty yards of the animal
+feeding, a shell burst between the two. The approaching horse instantly
+wheeled, and was flying for the woods when another shell burst a few
+feet in front of him, turning him again to the field as before; the old
+warrior ate away at his shock, perfectly unconcerned.</p>
+
+<p>The firing on both sides, especially on ours, was now diminishing&mdash;and
+soon ceased. In this encounter ten or twelve members of the company were
+wounded, and Frank Herndon, wheel driver at my caisson, was killed.
+After remaining quiet for a short time we were ordered back, and again
+found ourselves at the cross-roads, near the old gate-posts, which
+seemed to be the headquarters of Generals Lee, Jackson and D. H. Hill.</p>
+
+<p>John Brown, one of our company who had been detailed to care for the
+wounded, had taken a seat behind a large oak-tree in the edge of the
+woods near us. A thirty-two-pound shot struck the tree, and, passing
+through the center of it, took Brown's head entirely off. We spent
+several hours standing in the road, which was filled with artillery, and
+our generals were evidently at their wits' ends. Toward evening we moved
+farther back into the woods, where many regiments of our infantry were
+in bivouac. The enemy had now turned their fire in this direction. Both
+that of their heavy field-pieces and gunboats, and enormous shells and
+solid shot, were constantly crashing through the timber, tearing off
+limbs and the tops of trees, which sometimes fell among the troops,
+maiming and killing men.</p>
+
+<p>After sundown a charge was made against the enemy's left, which was
+repulsed with terrible loss to our men. After this the enemy continued
+shelling the woods; in fact their whole front, until ten o'clock at
+night. Our battery had moved back at least two miles and gone into park
+in a field, where, at short intervals, a large gunboat shell would burst
+over us, scattering pieces around, while the main part would whirr on,
+it seemed, indefinitely.</p>
+
+<p>The next day, the enemy having abandoned Malvern Hill during the night,
+we made a rapid start in pursuit toward Harrison's Landing, but suddenly
+came to a halt and countermarched to a place where several roads
+crossed, on all of which were columns of infantry and artillery. During
+the remainder of the day the soldiers gave vent to their feelings by
+cheering the different generals as they passed to and fro, Jackson
+naturally receiving the lion's share.</p>
+
+<p>McClellan's army being now under cover of their gunboats, and gunboats
+being held in mortal terror by the Confederates, we began slowly to make
+our way out of this loathsome place, a place which I felt should be
+cheerfully given up to the Northerners, where they could inhale the
+poisonous vapors of the bogs, and prosecute the war in continuous battle
+with the mosquitoes and vermin. The water of the few sluggish streams,
+although transparent, was highly colored by the decaying vegetable
+matter and the roots of the juniper. For the first time in my life I was
+now out of sight of the mountains. I felt utterly lost, and found myself
+repeatedly rising on tip-toe and gazing for a view of them in the
+distance. Being very much worsted physically by the campaign and
+malarial atmosphere, I was put on the sick-list, and given permission to
+go to Richmond to recuperate.</p>
+
+<p>My entrance into the city contrasted strikingly with that of soldiers I
+had read of after a series of victories in battle. The portable forge
+belonging to our battery needed some repairs, which could be made at a
+foundry in Richmond, and, as no other conveyance was available, I took
+passage on it. So I entered the city, the first I had ever visited,
+after dark, seated on a blacksmith-shop drawn by four mules. Not having
+received my eleven dollars a month for a long time, I could not pay a
+hotel-bill, so I climbed the fence into a wagon-yard, retired to bed in
+a horse-cart, and slept soundly till daylight. That morning I took
+breakfast with my cousin, Robert Barton, of the First Virginia Cavalry,
+at his boarding-house. After which, having gotten a sick furlough, he
+hurried to take the train, to go to his home, and left me feeling very
+forlorn. Thinking that I could fare no worse in camp than I would in the
+midst of the painful surroundings of a hospital, I returned in the
+afternoon to the battery. The arduous service undergone during the past
+three weeks, or rather three months, had left the men greatly depleted
+in health and vigor. Many were seriously sick, and those still on duty
+were more or less run-down.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XI" id="CHAPTER_XI"></a>CHAPTER XI</h2>
+
+<h3>FROM RICHMOND TO GORDONSVILLE&mdash;BATTLE OF CEDAR RUN&mdash;DEATH OF GENERAL
+WINDER&mdash;DESERTERS SHOT&mdash;CROSS THE RAPPAHANNOCK</h3>
+
+
+<p>At the conclusion of this sojourn in camp, Jackson's command again took
+the march and toiled along the line of the Central Railroad toward
+Gordonsville. I, being sick, was given transportation by rail in a
+freight-car with a mixture of troops. A week was spent in Louisa County,
+in the celebrated Green Spring neighborhood, where we fared well. My old
+mess, numbering seventeen when I joined it, had by this time been
+greatly reduced. My brother John had gotten a discharge from the army,
+his office of commissioner of chancery exempting him. Gregory, Frank
+Preston and Stuart had been left in Winchester in the enemy's lines
+severely wounded. Singleton had been captured at Port Republic, and
+others were off on sick-leave. My bedfellow, Walter Packard, had
+contracted fever in the Chickahominy swamps, from which he soon after
+died. He had been left at the house of a friend in Hanover County,
+attended by his brother. In his delirium he impatiently rehearsed the
+names of his companions, calling the roll of the company over and over.
+From Green Spring we marched to the neighborhood of Gordonsville, where
+we remained in camp until about the fifth or sixth of August.</p>
+
+<p>We now heard reports of the approach of the renowned General Pope with
+"headquarters in the saddle," along the line of the old Orange and
+Alexandria Railroad. On August 7, we moved out of camp, going in his
+direction. On the third day's march, being too unwell to foot it, I was
+riding in the ambulance. About noon indications in front showed that a
+battle was at hand. I was excused from duty, but was asked by the
+captain if I would assist in caring for the wounded. This I declined to
+do. About this time the battery was ordered forward, and, seeing my gun
+start off at a trot, I mounted and rode in with it. We had a long hill
+to descend, from the top of which could be seen and heard the
+cannonading in front. Then, entering an extensive body of woods, we
+passed by the bodies of four infantrymen lying side by side, having just
+been killed by a bursting shell.</p>
+
+<p>We took position in the road near the corner of an open field with our
+two Parrott guns and one gun of Carpenter's battery, en echelon, with
+each gun's horses and limber off on its left among the trees. Both Capt.
+Joe Carpenter and his brother, John, who was his first lieutenant, were
+with this gun, as was their custom when any one of their guns went into
+action. We soon let the enemy know where we were, and they replied
+promptly, getting our range in a few rounds.</p>
+
+<p>General Winder, commander of our brigade, dismounted, and, in his
+shirt-sleeves, had taken his stand a few paces to the left of my gun and
+with his field-glass was intently observing the progress of the battle.
+We had been engaged less than fifteen minutes when Captain Carpenter was
+struck in the head by a piece of shell, from which, after lingering a
+few weeks, he died. Between my gun and limber, where General Winder
+stood, was a constant stream of shells tearing through the trees and
+bursting close by. While the enemy's guns were changing their position
+he gave some directions, which we could not hear for the surrounding
+noise. I, being nearest, turned and, walking toward him, asked what he
+had said. As he put his hand to his mouth to repeat the remark, a shell
+passed through his side and arm, tearing them fearfully. He fell
+straight back at full length, and lay quivering on the ground. He had
+issued strict orders that morning that no one, except those detailed for
+the purpose, should leave his post to carry off the wounded, in
+obedience to which I turned to the gun and went to work. He was soon
+carried off, however, and died a few hours later.</p>
+
+<p>The next man struck was Major Snowdon Andrews, afterward colonel of
+artillery. While standing near by us a shell burst as it passed him,
+tearing his clothes and wounding him severely. Though drawn to a
+stooping posture, he lived many years. Next I saw a ricocheting shell
+strike Captain Caskie, of Richmond, Virginia, on his seat, which knocked
+him eight or ten feet and his red cap some feet farther. He did not get
+straightened up until he had overtaken his cap on the opposite side of
+some bushes, through which they had both been propelled. Lieutenant
+Graham, of our battery, also received a painful, though not serious,
+wound before the day was over. This proved to be a very dangerous place
+for officers, but not a private soldier was touched.</p>
+
+<p>By frequent firing during the campaign the vent of my gun had been
+burned to several times its proper size, so that at each discharge an
+excess of smoke gushed from it. After the captain's attention was called
+to it, it happened that a tree in front, but somewhat out of line, was
+cut off by a Federal shell just as our gun fired. Supposing the defect
+had caused a wild shot, we were ordered to take the gun to the rear, the
+other gun soon following. We got away at a fortunate time, as the Second
+Brigade of Jackson's division was flanked by the enemy and driven over
+the place a few minutes later. One company in the Twenty-first Virginia
+Regiment lost, in a few minutes, seventeen men killed, besides those
+wounded. The flankers, however, were soon attacked by fresh troops, who
+drove them back and took a large number of prisoners, who walked and
+looked, as they passed, as if they had done their best and had nothing
+of which to be ashamed. By nightfall the whole of Pope's army had been
+driven back, and we held the entire battlefield. This battle was called
+Cedar Run by the Confederates, and Slaughter's Mountain by the Federals.</p>
+
+<p>On the following day we retraced our steps and occupied an excellent
+camping-ground near Gordonsville. Shortly after our arrival, my brother
+David, who had been absent on sick-leave, returned from home, bringing a
+large mess-chest of delicious edibles, which we enjoyed immensely,
+having Willie Preston, from Lexington, who had just joined the College
+company, to dine with us. From a nearby cornfield we managed to supply
+ourselves with roasting ears, and the number a young Confederate could
+consume in a day would have been ample rations for a horse.</p>
+
+<p>While here we had visits from some of our former messmates. One of them,
+Frank Singleton, after being captured at Port Republic had been taken to
+Fort Warren, where were in confinement as prisoners members of the
+Maryland legislature, Generals Pillow and Buckner, and others captured
+at Fort Donelson. Singleton gave glowing accounts of the "to-do" that
+was made over him, he being the only representative from the army of
+Stonewall, whose fame was now filling the world. His presence even
+became known outside of prison-walls, and brought substantial tokens of
+esteem and sympathy.</p>
+
+<p>Gregory, who we supposed had received his death-wound at Winchester in
+May, after escaping into our lines spent a day or two with us. Both,
+however, having gotten discharges, left us&mdash;Singleton to go to Kentucky,
+his native State, to raise a company of cavalry under Morgan, and
+Gregory to become captain of ordnance.</p>
+
+<p>An extensive move was evidently now on foot, and about August 17th it
+began, proving to be by far the most eventful of that eventful year. On
+reaching the Rapidan, a few miles distant, we were ordered to leave all
+baggage we could not carry on our backs, and in that August weather we
+chose to make our burdens light. This was the last we saw of our
+baggage, as it was plundered and stolen by camp-followers and shirkers
+who stayed behind.</p>
+
+<p>Having recuperated somewhat during my stay in camp I had set out, with
+the battery, for the march, but a few days of hot sun soon weakened me
+again, so I had to be excused from duty, and remain with the wagons.
+Part of a day with them was sufficient, so I returned to the battery,
+sick or well. Soon after my return, about sundown, Arthur Robinson, of
+Baltimore, whom I had regarded as a sort of dude, brought me a cup of
+delicious tea and several lumps of cut loaf-sugar. Cut loaf-sugar! What
+associations it awakened and how kindly I felt toward the donor ever
+afterward! As I dropped each lump into the tea I could sympathize with
+an old lady in Rockbridge County, who eyed a lump of it lovingly and
+said, "Before the war I used to buy that <i>by the pound</i>."</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<img src="images/illus07.jpg" alt="Willson"  />
+<a id="illus07" name="illus07"></a>
+</p>
+<p class='center'> <span class="smcap">William M. Willson</span><br />
+
+(Corporal)</p>
+
+<p>On the following morning, August 18, Gen. J. E. B. Stuart came dashing
+into our camp bareheaded and, for him, very much excited. He had just
+narrowly escaped capture by a scouting-party of Federal cavalry at a
+house near Verdiersville, where he had passed the night. Leaving his
+hat, he mounted and leaped the fence with his horse. His adjutant,
+however, Major Fitzhugh, in possession of General Lee's instructions to
+General Stuart, was captured, and thus General Pope informed of the plan
+of campaign. Four days later General Stuart, with a large force of
+cavalry, having passed to the rear of the Federal army, captured, at
+Catlett's Station, General Pope's headquarters wagon with his official
+papers and personal effects. As his plan of campaign was to be governed
+by General Lee's movements, these papers were not very reliable guides.</p>
+
+<p>Our stay in this bivouac was only thirty-six hours in duration, but
+another scene witnessed in the afternoon leaves an indelible impression.
+To escape the arduous service to which we had for some time been
+subjected, a few, probably eight or ten men, of Jackson's old division
+had deserted. Of these, three had been caught, one of whom was a member
+of the Stonewall Brigade, and they were sentenced by court-martial to be
+shot. As a warning to others, the whole division was mustered out to
+witness the painfully solemn spectacle. After marching in column
+through intervening woods, with bands playing the dead march, we entered
+an extensive field. Here the three men, blindfolded, were directed to
+kneel in front of their open graves, and a platoon of twelve or fifteen
+men, half of them with their muskets loaded with ball, and half with
+blank cartridges (so that no man would feel that he had fired a fatal
+shot), at the word "Fire!" emptied their guns at close range. Then the
+whole division marched by within a few steps to view their lifeless
+bodies.</p>
+
+<p>Jackson's object now was to cross the Rappahannock, trying first one
+ford and then another. We spent most of the following day galloping to
+and fro, firing and being fired at. At one ford my gun crossed the
+river, but, as no support followed it, although the rest of our battery
+and Brockenbrough's Maryland Battery were close by, we soon recrossed.
+Rain during the afternoon and night made the river past fording,
+catching Early's brigade, which had crossed further up-stream, on the
+enemy's side. He was not pressed, however, and by the next afternoon the
+whole of Jackson's command had crossed the stream by the fords nearer
+its source, at Hinson's mill. Thence we traveled northwest through
+Little Washington, the county-seat of Rappahannock. Then to Flint Hill,
+at the base of the Blue Ridge. Then turned southeast into Fauquier
+County and through Warrenton, the prettiest town I had seen since
+leaving the Valley. We had made an extensive detour, and were no longer
+disturbed by General Pope, who possibly thought Jackson was on his way
+to Ohio or New York, and a week later no doubt regretted that one of
+those distant places had not been his destination.</p>
+
+<p>Before reaching Thoroughfare Gap we had the pleasure of a visit from Mr.
+Robert Bolling, or rather found him waiting on the roadside to see his
+son, of our mess, having driven from his home in the neighborhood. His
+son had been left behind sick, but his messmates did full justice to the
+bountiful supply of refreshments brought in the carriage for him. I
+remember, as we stood regaling ourselves, when some hungry infantryman
+would fall out of ranks, and ask to purchase a "wee bite," how
+delicately we would endeavor to "shoo" him off, without appearing to the
+old gentleman as the natural heirs to what he had brought for his boy.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XII" id="CHAPTER_XII"></a>CHAPTER XII</h2>
+
+<h3>CAPTURE OF RAILROAD TRAINS AT MANASSAS JUNCTION&mdash;BATTLE WITH TAYLOR'S
+NEW JERSEY BRIGADE&mdash;NIGHT MARCH BY LIGHT OF BURNING CARS</h3>
+
+
+<p>Our halts and opportunities for rest had been and continued to be few
+and of short duration, traveling steadily on throughout the twenty-four
+hours. It has been many years since, but how vividly some scenes are
+recalled, others vague and the order of succession forgotten. After
+passing through Thoroughfare Gap we moved on toward Manassas Junction,
+arriving within a mile or two of the place shortly after dawn, when we
+came upon a sleepy Federal cavalryman mounted on a fine young horse.
+Lieutenant Brown took him and his arms in charge and rode the horse for
+a few days, but, learning that he had been taken from a farmer in the
+neighborhood, returned him to his owner. As we approached the Junction
+several cannon-shots warned us that some force of the enemy was there,
+but not General Pope, as we had left him many miles in our rear.</p>
+
+<p>In the regiment of our cavalry, acting as a vanguard, I had but two
+acquaintances&mdash;old college-mates&mdash;and these were the only two members
+of the command I met. One of them gave me a loaf of baker's bread, the
+other presented me with a handful of cigars, and they both informed us
+that they had made a big capture, which we would soon see. The samples
+they had brought made us the more anxious. Arriving in sight of the
+place, we saw the tracks of both railroads closely covered for half a
+mile with the cars filled with army supplies of every description. The
+artillery that had been firing a short time before opened on us again,
+while we were preparing to help ourselves, but not before one of my
+messmates had secured a cup of molasses. With the help of this, my loaf
+of bread was soon devoured, and with a relish contrasting very favorably
+with my sudden loss of appetite for the beans at Cedar Creek a few
+months before. On this occasion we managed to appease our hunger with
+very little interruption from the flying shells. The firing, however,
+was at long range and soon ceased, and we resumed the march, saddened to
+part with so rich a booty and the opportunity to fill our stomachs and
+empty haversacks.</p>
+
+<p>As we moved quietly along with General Jackson and one or two of his
+staff riding at the front of the battery, there suddenly appeared, about
+a mile ahead of us, a line of bayonets glistening in the sunlight. As we
+halted I heard General Jackson and those about him questioning each
+other and speculating as to what troops they could be, whether friend
+or foe. Their bayonets were evidently too bright for our war-worn
+weapons, and the direction from which they came and, a little later, the
+color of their uniforms being distinguishable, no longer left room for
+doubt. It proved to be a brigade of New Jersey infantry commanded by
+General Taylor, who had just arrived by rail from Alexandria. Rodes's
+division was on our left and not three hundred yards distant. As the
+enemy advanced, Jackson ordered Rodes to halt. The Federal brigade came
+up on our right about one hundred and twenty-five yards from us,
+marching by companies in column.</p>
+
+<p>Jackson ordered us to fire on them with canister, which we did, and very
+rapidly, as they passed. Then, limbering up, we galloped again to their
+flank and repeated the operation; meanwhile, one of our batteries
+immediately in their front firing at them with shells. Jackson, who
+accompanied us, then drew a white handkerchief from his pocket, and,
+waving it up and down, ordered them to surrender, in response to which
+one of them raised his gun and fired deliberately at him. I heard the
+Minie as it whistled by him. After limbering up our guns for the third
+time to keep in close range, I turned to get my blanket, which I had
+left on the ground while engaged, and, as I ran to overtake the guns,
+found myself between Rodes's line, which had now advanced, and the
+Federals, in easy range of each other. I expected, of course, to be
+riddled with bullets, but neither side fired a shot.</p>
+
+<p>The Federals moved on in perfect order, then suddenly broke and came
+back like a flock of sheep; and, most singular of all, Rodes's division
+was ordered back and let them pass, we still firing. All in all, it was
+a fine sample of a sham battle, as I saw none of them killed and heard
+there were very few, and the only shot they fired was the one at General
+Jackson. After crossing a ravine along which ran a creek, they had a
+hill to ascend which kept them still in full view, while we fired at
+them with shells and solid shot as they streamed along the paths.
+Maupin, a member of our detachment, picked up a canteen of whiskey which
+had been thrown aside in their flight. As it was the only liquid to
+which we had access on that hot August day, we each took a turn, and
+soon undertook to criticise our gunner's bad shooting, telling him among
+other things that if he would aim lower he would do more execution.</p>
+
+<p>After the enemy had disappeared from our sight, and the battery had gone
+into park, I borrowed Sergeant Dick Payne's horse to ride to the creek,
+over which the enemy had retreated, for a canteen of water. When within
+a few steps of the branch, I passed two artillerymen from another
+battery on foot, who were on the same errand, but none of us armed. We
+saw a Yankee infantryman a short distance off, hurrying along with gun
+on shoulder. We called to him to surrender, and, as I rode to get his
+gun, another one following came in sight. When I confronted him and
+ordered him to throw down his gun, he promptly obeyed. The gun, a
+brand-new one, was loaded, showing a bright cap under the hammer. The
+man was a German, and tried hard, in broken English, to explain, either
+how he had fallen behind, or to apologize for coming to fight us&mdash;I
+could not tell which.</p>
+
+<p>We now had full and undisturbed possession of Manassas Junction and of
+the long trains of captured cars, through the doors and openings of
+which could be seen the United States army supplies of all kinds and of
+the best quality. On a flat car there stood two new pieces of artillery
+made of a bronze-colored metal, and of a different style from any we had
+yet seen. In our last battle, that of Slaughter's Mountain, we had
+noticed, for the first time, a singular noise made by some of the shells
+fired at us, and quite like the shrill note of a tree-frog on a big
+scale. Since then we had sometimes speculated as to what new engine of
+war we had to contend with. Here it was, and known as the three-inch
+rifled gun, a most accurate shooter, and later on much used by both
+Federals and Confederates.</p>
+
+<p>In view of the fact that almost all of the field artillery used by the
+Confederates was manufactured in the North, a supply for both armies
+seemed to have been wisely provided in the number they turned out. Here
+we spent the remainder of the day, but not being allowed to plunder the
+cars did not have the satisfaction of replacing our worn-out garments
+with the new ones in sight. We were very willing to don the blue
+uniforms, but General Jackson thought otherwise. What we got to eat was
+also disappointing, and not of a kind to invigorate, consisting, as it
+did, of hard-tack, pickled oysters, and canned stuff generally.</p>
+
+<p>Darkness had scarcely fallen before we were again on the march, and
+before two miles had been traveled the surrounding country was
+illuminated by the blazing cars and their contents, fired to prevent
+their falling again into the hands of their original owners. The entire
+night was spent marching through woods and fields, but in what direction
+we had no idea. Notwithstanding the strict orders to the contrary, two
+of our boys&mdash;Billy Bumpus and John Gibbs&mdash;had procured from a car about
+half a bushel of nice white sugar, put it in a sack-bag, and tied it
+securely, they thought, to the axle of a caisson. During the night
+either the bag stretched or the string slipped, letting a corner drag on
+the ground, which soon wore a hole. When daylight broke, the first thing
+that met their eager gaze was an empty bag dangling in the breeze and
+visions of a trail of white sugar mingling with the dust miles behind.
+Many times afterward, in winter quarters or during apple-dumpling
+season, have I heard them lament the loss of that sweetening.</p>
+
+<p>There are various scenes and incidents on the battlefield, in camp, and
+on the march which leave an indelible impression. Of these, among the
+most vivid to me is that of a column of men and horses at dawn of day,
+after having marched throughout the night. The weary animals, with
+heads hanging and gaunt sides, put their feet to the ground as softly as
+if fearing to arouse their drowsy mates or give themselves a jar. A man
+looks some years older than on the preceding day, and his haggard face
+as if it had been unwashed for a week. Not yet accustomed to the light,
+and thinking his countenance unobserved, as in the darkness, he makes no
+effort to assume an expression more cheerful than in keeping with his
+solemn feelings, and, when spoken to, his distressful attempt to smile
+serves only to emphasize the need of "sore labor's bath." Vanity,
+however, seems to prevent each one from seeing in his neighbor's visage
+a photograph of his own. But, with an hour of sunlight and a halt for
+breakfast with a draught of rare coffee, he stands a new creature. On
+the morning after our departure from Manassas Junction, having marched
+all night, we had a good illustration of this.</p>
+
+<p>About seven o'clock we came to a Federal wagon which had upset over a
+bank and was lying, bottom upward, in a ditch below the road. Around it
+were boxes and packages of food, desiccated vegetables red with tomatoes
+and yellow with pumpkin. Here a timely halt was called. Across the
+ditch, near where we went into park, the infantry who had preceded us
+had carried from the overturned wagon a barrel of molasses with the head
+knocked out. Surging around it was a swarm of men with canteens, tin
+cups, and frying-pans&mdash;anything that would hold molasses. As each vessel
+was filled by a dip into the barrel it was held aloft, to prevent its
+being knocked from the owner's grasp as he made his way out through the
+struggling mass; and woe be to him that was hatless! as the stream that
+trickled from above, over head and clothes, left him in a sorry plight.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XIII" id="CHAPTER_XIII"></a>CHAPTER XIII</h2>
+
+<h3>CIRCUITOUS NIGHT MARCH&mdash;FIRST DAY OF SECOND MANASSAS&mdash;ARRIVAL OF
+LONGSTREET'S CORPS</h3>
+
+
+<p>Here we halted long enough for a hurried breakfast for men and horses.
+Sleep did not seem to enter into Jackson's calculations, or time was
+regarded as too precious to be allowed for it. We were on the move again
+by noon and approaching the scene of the battle of July, 1861. This was
+on Thursday, August 26, 1862, and a battle was evidently to open at any
+moment. In the absence of Henry, our gunner, who was sick and off duty,
+I was appointed to fill his place. And it was one of the few occasions,
+most probably the only one during the war, that I felt the slightest
+real desire to exclaim, with the Corporal at Waterloo, "Let the battle
+begin!" About two <span class="smcap">P.M.</span> we went into position, but, before
+firing a shot, suddenly moved off, and, marching almost in a
+semi-circle, came up in the rear of the infantry, who were now hotly
+engaged. This was the beginning of the second battle of Manassas, during
+the first two days of which, and the day preceding, Jackson's command
+was in great suspense, and, with a wide-awake and active foe, would have
+been in great jeopardy. He was entirely in the rear of the Federal
+army, with only his own corps, while Longstreet had not yet passed
+through Thoroughfare Gap, a narrow defile miles away. The rapid and
+steady roll of the musketry, however, indicated that there was no lack
+of confidence on the part of his men, though the line of battle had
+changed front and was now facing in the opposite direction from the one
+held a few hours before. Moving through a body of woods toward the
+firing-line we soon began meeting and passing the stream of wounded men
+making their way to the rear. And here our attention was again called to
+a singular and unaccountable fact, which was noticed and remarked
+repeatedly throughout the war. It was that in one battle the large
+majority of the less serious wounds received were in the same portion of
+the body. In this case, fully three-fourths of the men we met were
+wounded in the left hand; in another battle the same proportion were
+wounded in the right hand; while in another the head was the attractive
+mark for flying bullets, and so on. I venture the assertion that every
+old soldier whose attention is called to it will verify the statement.</p>
+
+<p>The battle was of about two hours in duration, and by sundown the firing
+had entirely ceased, the enemy being driven from the field, leaving
+their dead and wounded. The infantry of the Stonewall Brigade had been
+in the thickest of it all and had suffered severe loss.</p>
+
+<p>Willie Preston, of the College company, less than eighteen years of
+age, a most attractive and promising youth, received a mortal wound. His
+dying messages were committed to Hugh White, the captain of his company,
+who, two days later, was himself instantly killed. On the ground where
+some of the heaviest fighting took place there stood a neat log-house,
+the home of a farmer's family. From it they had, of course, hurriedly
+fled, leaving their cow and a half-grown colt in the yard. Both of these
+were killed. I saw, also on this field, a dead rabbit and a dead
+field-lark&mdash;innocent victims of man's brutality!</p>
+
+<p>A quiet night followed, and, except for those of us who were on guard,
+the first unbroken rest we had had for almost a week. Next morning,
+after breakfasting leisurely, we went into position opposite the enemy,
+occupying a long range of hills too distant for serious damage. But,
+after we had shelled each other for half an hour, one of our infantry
+regiments emerged from the woods a short distance to our right and stood
+in line of battle most needlessly exposed. In less than five minutes a
+shell burst among them, killing and wounding eleven men. This over, we
+moved to a haystack nearby, where our horses had more than one
+refreshing feed during lulls in the battle. It seemed, also, an
+attractive place for General Jackson, as he was seldom far from it till
+the close of the battle on the following day.</p>
+
+<p>An hour later, while engaged in another artillery encounter, our
+detachment received a very peremptory and officious order from Major
+Shoemaker, commanding the artillery of the division. My friend and
+former messmate, W. G. Williamson, now a lieutenant of engineers, having
+no duty in that line to perform, had hunted us up, and, with his innate
+gallantry, was serving as a cannoneer at the gun. Offended at
+Shoemaker's insolent and ostentatious manner, we answered him as he
+deserved. Furious at such impudence and insubordination, he was almost
+ready to lop our heads off with his drawn sword, when Williamson
+informed him that he was a commissioned officer and would see him at the
+devil before he would submit to such uncalled-for interference.</p>
+
+<p>"If you are a commissioned officer," Shoemaker replied, "why are you
+here, working at a gun?"</p>
+
+<p>"Because I had not been assigned to other duty," was Williamson's reply,
+"and I chose to come back, for the time being, with my old battery."</p>
+
+<p>"Then I order you under arrest for your disrespect to a superior
+officer!" said Shoemaker.</p>
+
+<p>The case was promptly reported to General Jackson, and Williamson as
+promptly released. The bombastic major had little idea that among the
+men he was so uselessly reprimanding was a son of General Lee, as well
+as Lieutenant Williamson, who was a nephew of Gen. Dick Garnett, who was
+later killed in Pickett's charge at Gettysburg. This episode over, we
+again drove to the haystack.</p>
+
+<p>These repeated advances and attacks made by the enemy's artillery
+plainly showed that they realized that our situation was a hazardous
+one, of which we, too, were fully aware, and unless Longstreet should
+soon show up we felt that the whole of Pope's army would soon be upon
+us. While quietly awaiting developments, we heard the sound of a horse's
+hoofs, and, as a courier galloped up to General Jackson, to announce
+Longstreet's approach, the cloud of red dust raised by his vanguard in
+the direction of Thoroughfare Gap assured us that he would soon be at
+hand. Before he reached the field, however, and while we were enjoying
+the sense of relief at his coming, one of the enemy's batteries had
+quietly and unobserved managed to get into one of the positions occupied
+by our battery during the morning. Their first volley, coming from such
+an unexpected quarter, created a great commotion. Instantly we galloped
+to their front and unlimbered our guns at close range. Other of our
+batteries fired a few shots, but soon ceased, all seeming intent on
+witnessing a duel between the two batteries of four guns each. Their
+position was the more favorable, as their limbers and caissons were
+behind the crest of the hill, while we were on level ground with ours
+fully exposed. Each man worked as if success depended on his individual
+exertions, while Captain Poague and Lieutenant Graham galloped back and
+forth among the guns, urging us to our best efforts. Our antagonists got
+our range at once, and, with their twelve-pound Napoleon guns, poured
+in a raking fire. One shell I noticed particularly as it burst, and
+waited a moment to observe its effects as the fragments tore by. One of
+them struck Captain Poague's horse near the middle of the hip, tearing
+an ugly hole, from which there spurted a stream of blood the size of a
+man's wrist. To dismount before his horse fell required quick work, but
+the captain was equal to the occasion. Another shell robbed Henry
+Boteler of the seat of his trousers, but caused the shedding of no
+blood, and his narrow escape the shedding of no tears, although the loss
+was a serious one. Eugene Alexander, of Moorefield, had his thigh-bone
+broken and was incapacitated for service. Sergeant Henry Payne, a
+splendid man and an accomplished scholar, was struck by a solid shot
+just below the knee and his leg left hanging by shreds of flesh. An hour
+later, when being lifted into an ambulance, I heard him ask if his leg
+could not be saved, but in another hour he was dead.</p>
+
+<p>After an hour of spirited work, our antagonists limbered up and hurried
+off, leaving us victors in the contest. Lieutenant Baxter McCorkle
+galloped over to the place to see what execution we had done, and found
+several dead men, as many or more dead horses, and one of their caissons
+as evidences of good aim; and brought back with him a fine army-pistol
+left in the caisson. When the affair was over, I found myself exhausted
+and faint from over-exertion in the hot sun. Remembering that my
+brother David had brought along a canteen of vinegar, gotten in the big
+capture of stores a few days before, and, thinking a swallow of it would
+revive me, I went to him and asked him to get it for me. Before I was
+done speaking, the world seemed to make a sudden revolution and turn
+black as I collapsed with it. My brother, thinking I was shot, hurried
+for the vinegar, but found the canteen, which hung at the rear of a
+caisson, entirely empty; it, too, having been struck by a piece of
+shell, and even the contents of the little canteen demanded by this
+insatiable plain.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XIV" id="CHAPTER_XIV"></a>CHAPTER XIV</h2>
+
+<h3>THE SECOND BATTLE OF MANASSAS&mdash;INCIDENTS AND SCENES ON THE BATTLEFIELD</h3>
+
+
+<p>These encounters were the preludes to the great battle for which both
+sides were preparing, almost two days having already been spent in
+maneuvering and feeling each other's lines. The afternoon, however,
+passed quietly with no further collisions worthy of mention. The
+following day, Saturday, was full of excitement. It was the third and
+last of this protracted battle, and the last for many a brave soldier in
+both armies.</p>
+
+<p>The shifting of troops began early, our battery changing position
+several times during the forenoon. Neither army had buried its dead of
+the first day's battle. We held the ground on which were strewn the
+corpses of both Blue and Gray, in some places lying side by side. The
+hot August sun had parched the grass to a crisp, and it was frequently
+ignited by bursting shells. In this way the clothes of the dead were
+sometimes burned off, and the bodies partially roasted! Such spectacles
+made little or no impression at the time, and we moved to and fro over
+the field, scarcely heeding them.</p>
+
+<p>About two o'clock we were ordered some distance forward, to fire on a
+battery posted on a low ridge near a piece of woods. By skirting along a
+body of woods on our left, and screened by it, we came out in full view
+of this battery and on its right flank. My gun, being in front and the
+first seen by them, attracted their whole fire; but most of their shells
+passed over our heads and burst among the guns in our rear and among the
+trees. None of us was hurt, and in a few minutes all four of our guns
+were unlimbered and opened on them most vigorously. In five or six
+rounds their guns ceased firing and were drawn by hand from the crest of
+the ridge entirely out of view and range.</p>
+
+<p>As we stood by our guns, highly satisfied with our prowess, General
+Jackson came riding up to the first detachment and said, "That was
+handsomely done, very handsomely done," then passed on to the other
+detachments and to each one addressed some complimentary remark. In half
+an hour we were again at our rendezvous, the haystack, and he at his
+headquarters, and all quiet. But this time it was the calm before the
+real storm.</p>
+
+<p>Across the open plains on which we stood, and some three hundred yards
+distant from us, was an extensive body of woods in which Longstreet's
+corps had quietly formed in line of battle. In front of this was open
+ground, sloping gently for one-fourth of a mile, and on its crest the
+enemy's line of battle. To our left another large body of woods extended
+toward our front, and concealed the movements of both armies from view
+in that direction. General Jackson had dismounted from his horse and was
+sitting on the rail-fence, and ours and one or two other batteries were
+in bivouac close by, and all as calm and peaceful as if the armies were
+in their respective winter quarters, when a roar and crash of musketry
+that was almost deafening burst forth in the woods in our immediate
+front, and a shower of Minie-bullets whistled through the air, striking
+here and there about us. Instantly everything was astir, with an
+occasional lamentation or cry of pain from some wounded man. General
+Jackson mounted his horse hurriedly. The fighting soon became general
+throughout the lines, in portions of it terrific. General Pope, after
+two days of preparation, had advanced his lines and made the attack
+instead of receiving it, as our lines were on the eve of advancing.</p>
+
+<p>A projected but uncompleted railroad, with alternating cuts and
+embankments, afforded a splendid line of defense to our infantry on the
+left. The most continued and persistent fighting was where it began, on
+that portion of the line held by Jackson's old division. In the course
+of an hour the attack was repulsed and a counter-charge made, but,
+judging from the number of dead the enemy left on the field, and the
+rapidity of their pursuit, the Confederates met with but little
+resistance thereafter.</p>
+
+<p>An attack had been made on Longstreet's corps at the same time, which
+met with the same ill success, and was followed by a counter-charge. I
+remember our noticing the high range of hills in front of Longstreet,
+completely commanding, as it did, the intervening ground, and some one
+remarking, while the charge was in progress, that it seemed impossible
+to carry it. But the reserves who occupied this high ground made but
+little resistance, and, joining those who had been repulsed, all fled
+hurriedly from the field. As soon as the retreat of the Federal army
+began, active participation in the battle by the artillery ceased. We
+joined in the pursuit, which was brought to a close soon after it began
+by approaching night.</p>
+
+<p>In crossing a field in the pursuit, a short distance from our gun, I
+passed near a young infantryman lying entirely alone, with his
+thigh-bone broken by a Minie-bullet. He was in great distress of mind
+and body, and asked me most pleadingly to render him some assistance. If
+I could do nothing else, he begged that I should find his brother, who
+belonged to Johnston's battery, of Bedford County, Virginia. I told him
+I could not leave my gun, etc., which gave him little comfort; but he
+told me his name, which was Ferguson, and where his home was.
+Fortunately, however, I happened on Johnston's battery soon after, and
+sent his brother to him. I heard nothing further of him until five years
+later&mdash;two years after the war&mdash;when I was on a visit to some relatives
+in Bedford County. As we started to church in Liberty one Sunday morning
+I recalled the incident and mentioned it to my aunt's family, and was
+informed that Ferguson was still alive, had been very recently married,
+and that I would probably see him that morning at church. And, sure
+enough, I was scarcely seated in church when he came limping in and took
+a seat near me. I recognized him at once, but, fearing he had not
+forgotten what he felt was cruel indifference in his desperate
+situation, did not renew our acquaintance.</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<img src="images/illus08.jpg" alt="McClintic"  />
+<a id="illus08" name="illus08"></a>
+</p>
+<p class='center'> <span class="smcap">W. S. McClintic</span></p>
+
+<p>After parting with him on the battlefield and overtaking my gun, our
+route for a time was through the enemy's dead and wounded of the battle
+which took place two days before, who had been lying between the two
+armies, exposed to the hot sun since that time. While taking a more
+direct route, as the battery was winding around an ascent, my attention
+was called to a Federal soldier of enormous size lying on the ground.
+His head was almost as large as a half-bushel and his face a dark-blue
+color. I supposed, as a matter of course, that he was dead, and
+considered him a curiosity even as a dead man. But, while standing near
+him, wondering at the size of the monster, he began to move, and turned
+as if about to rise to his feet. Thinking he might succeed, I hurried on
+and joined my gun.</p>
+
+<p>Here we had a good opportunity of observing the marked and striking
+difference between the Federals and Confederates who remained unburied
+for twenty-four hours or more after being killed. While the Confederates
+underwent no perceptible change in color or otherwise, the Federals, on
+the contrary, became much swollen and discolored. This was, of course,
+attributable to the difference in their food and drink. And while some
+Confederates, no doubt for want of sufficient food, fell by the wayside
+on the march, the great majority of them, owing to their simple fare,
+could endure, and unquestionably did endure, more hardship than the
+Federals who were overfed and accustomed to regular and full rations.</p>
+
+<p>Our following in the pursuit was a mere form, as the enemy had been
+driven by our infantry from all of their formidable positions, and
+night, as usual in such cases, had put a stop to further pursuit. As we
+countermarched, to find a suitable camping-ground, great care had to be
+taken in the darkness to avoid driving over the enemy's wounded who lay
+along the course of our route. I remember one of them especially, in a
+narrow place, was very grateful to me for standing near him and
+cautioning the drivers as they passed by.</p>
+
+<p>On the next day, Sunday, August 31, after three days of occupation such
+as I have described, we were not averse to a Sabbath-day's rest, which
+also gave us the opportunity of reviewing at leisure the events and
+results of our experience, and going over other portions of the
+battlefield. Looking to the right front, spread out in full view, was
+the sloping ground over which Longstreet had fought and driven his
+antagonists. The extensive area presented the appearance of an immense
+flower-garden, the prevailing blue thickly dotted with red, the color
+of the Federal Zouave uniform. In front of the railroad-cut, and not
+more than fifty yards from it, where Jackson's old division had been
+attacked, at least three-fourths of the men who made the charge had been
+killed, and lay in line as they had fallen. I looked over and examined
+the ground carefully, and was confident that I could have walked a
+quarter of a mile in almost a straight line on their dead bodies without
+putting a foot on the ground. By such evidences as this, our minds had
+been entirely disabused of the idea that "the Northerners would not
+fight."</p>
+
+<p>It was near this scene of carnage that I also saw two hundred or more
+citizens whose credulity under General Pope's assurance had brought them
+from Washington and other cities to see "Jackson bagged," and enjoy a
+gala day. They were now under guard, as prisoners, and responded
+promptly to the authority of those who marched them by at a lively pace.
+This sample of gentlemen of leisure gave an idea of the material the
+North had in reserve, to be utilized, if need be, in future.</p>
+
+<p>During the three days&mdash;28th, 29th and 30th&mdash;the official reports give
+the Federal losses as 30,000, the Confederates as 8,000. On each of
+these days our town of Lexington had lost one of her most promising
+young men&mdash;Henry R. Payne, of our battery; Hugh White, captain of the
+College company, and Willie Preston, a private in the same company, a
+noble young fellow who had had the fortitude and moral courage, at the
+request of President Junkin, to pull down the palmetto flag hoisted by
+the students over Washington College. We remained about Manassas only
+long enough for the dead to be buried.</p>
+
+<p>The suffering of the wounded for want of attention, bad enough at best,
+in this case must have been extraordinary. The aggregate of wounded of
+the two armies, Confederate and Federal, exceeded 15,000 in number. The
+surrounding country had been devastated by war until it was practically
+a desert. The railroad bridges and tracks, extending from the Rapidan in
+Orange County to Fairfax, a distance of fifty miles, had been destroyed,
+so that it would require several weeks before the Confederates could
+reach the hospitals in Richmond and Charlottesville, and then in
+box-cars, over rough, improvised roads. Those of the Federal army were
+cut off in like manner from their hospitals in the North. In addition to
+all this, the surgeons and ambulances and their corps continued with
+their respective commands, to meet emergencies of like nature, to be
+repeated before the September moon had begun to wane.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XV" id="CHAPTER_XV"></a>CHAPTER XV</h2>
+
+<h3>BATTLE OF CHANTILLY&mdash;LEESBURG&mdash;CROSSING THE POTOMAC</h3>
+
+
+<p>After such prolonged marching and such a victory as the second Manassas
+we hoped for a rest so well earned; at any rate, we imagined that there
+was no enemy near inclined to give battle; but on Monday, September 1,
+we were again on the march, which continued far into the night, it being
+near daylight when we went into park. The latter part of the way I rode
+on a caisson, seated by a companion, and so entirely overcome with sleep
+as to be unable to keep my eyes open five seconds at a time, nodding
+from side to side over the wheels. My companion would rouse me and tell
+me of my danger, but shame, danger, and all were of no avail till,
+waking for the fortieth time, I found my hat was gone. I jumped down,
+went back a short distance, and found my old drab fur, of Lexington
+make, flat in the road, having been trampled over by several teams and
+gunwheels.</p>
+
+<p>After a halt of a few hours we were again on the move, and soon found
+ourselves in Fairfax County. About noon we passed by "Chantilly," the
+home of my messmate, Wash. Stuart, whom we had left desperately wounded
+at Winchester. The place, a beautiful country residence, was deserted
+now. Stuart, though, was somewhere in the neighborhood, a paroled
+prisoner, and on his return to us the following winter told us of the
+efforts he had made to find us near "The Plains" with a feast of wines,
+etc., for our refreshment. Two or three miles from Chantilly short and
+frequent halts and cautious advances warned us that there were breakers
+ahead. Then the pop, pop, pop! of a skirmish-line along the edge of a
+wood in our front brought back again those nervous pulsations in the
+region of the stomach which no amount of philosophy or will-power seemed
+able to repress.</p>
+
+<p>The battery kept straight on in the road and through the woods, the
+enemy's skirmishers having fallen back to our right. We halted where the
+road began to descend, waiting until a place suitable for action could
+be found. Up to this time there was only infantry skirmishing, not a
+cannon having been fired on either side, when, as we stood quietly by
+our guns, a Federal shell burst in our midst with a tremendous crash.
+None of us heard the report of the gun that sent it, or knew from what
+direction it came, but the accuracy with which we had been located in
+the dense forest was not comforting.</p>
+
+<p>Soon after this, our attention was attracted by the approach, along the
+road in our front, of ten or twelve horsemen, riding leisurely toward
+us, one of whom bore a banner of unusually large size. As they passed,
+the most conspicuous figure in the party was a Federal officer in new
+uniform, and several other prisoners, escorted by a guard of our
+cavalry. The banner was the flag of New York State, with the field of
+white satin emblazoned with the coat-of-arms of the Empire State, and
+all elaborately decorated with flowing cords and tassels.</p>
+
+<p>After remaining here for an hour, and our officers finding no open
+ground for battle, and no enemy in sight except some videttes who
+saluted us with an occasional Minie-ball, we countermarched one-half
+mile in a drenching rain and went into park. Meanwhile, a brisk musketry
+fire had extended along the infantry lines, and soon after halting one
+of our battery horses fell dead, struck by one of their stray bullets.
+It was during this contest, in the pouring rain, that General Jackson,
+on receiving a message from a brigadier that his ammunition was wet, and
+he feared he could not hold on, replied, "Tell him to hold his ground.
+If his guns will not go off, neither will the enemy's."</p>
+
+<p>Before the firing ceased, which continued through the twilight,
+Major-General Kearny, mistaking a line of Confederates for his own men,
+rode almost into their midst before discovering his error. He wheeled
+his horse, and, as he dashed off, leaning forward on the horse's neck,
+received a bullet in his back and fell dead upon the field. Next day
+his body was returned to his friends under flag of truce.</p>
+
+<p>From Chantilly, or Ox Hill, as this battle was called by Confederates
+and Federals, respectively, we reached Leesburg, the county-seat, by a
+march of thirty miles due north into Loudoun County, and a mile or two
+east of this attractive town went into bivouac about sunset in a
+beautiful grassy meadow which afforded what seemed to us a downy couch,
+and to the horses luxuriant pasturage, recalling former and better days.
+Next morning, while lying sound asleep wrapped in my blanket, I became
+painfully conscious of a crushing weight on my foot. Opening my eyes,
+there stood a horse almost over me, quietly cropping the grass, with one
+forefoot planted on one of mine. Having no weapon at hand, I motioned
+and yelled at him most lustily. Being the last foot put down, it was the
+last taken up, and, turning completely around, he twisted the blanket
+around the calks of his shoe, stripped it entirely off of me, and
+dragged it some yards away. There being no stones nor other missiles
+available, I could only indulge in a storm of impotent rage, but,
+notwithstanding the trampling I had undergone, was able "to keep up with
+the procession."</p>
+
+<p>The morning was a beautiful one, the sun having just risen in a clear
+sky above the mists overhanging and marking the course of the Potomac a
+mile to the east, and lighting up the peaks of the Blue Ridge to the
+west. The country and scenery were not unlike, and equal to the
+prettiest parts of the Valley. Circling and hovering overhead, calling
+and answering one another in their peculiarly plaintive notes, as if
+disturbed by our presence, were the gray plover, a bird I had never
+before seen. All in all, the environment was strikingly peaceful and
+beautiful, and suggestive of the wish that the Federals, whom we had
+literally whipped out of their boots and several other articles of
+attire, and who had now returned to their own country, would remain
+there, and allow us the same privilege.</p>
+
+<p>But General Lee took a different view of it, and felt that the desired
+object would be more effectually accomplished by transferring the war
+into their own territory. So before noon we were again "trekking," and
+that, too, straight for the Potomac. Orders had again been issued
+forbidding the cannoneers riding on the caissons and limbers; but, in
+crossing the Potomac that day, as the horses were in better shape and
+the ford smooth, Captain Poague gave us permission to mount and ride
+over dry-shod. For which breach of discipline he was put under arrest
+and for several days rode&mdash;solemn and downcast&mdash;in rear of the battery,
+with the firm resolve, no doubt, that it was the last act of charity of
+which he would be guilty during the war. Lieutenant Graham was in
+command.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XVI" id="CHAPTER_XVI"></a>CHAPTER XVI</h2>
+
+<h3>MARYLAND&mdash;MY DAY IN FREDERICK CITY</h3>
+
+
+<p>We were now in Maryland, September 5, 1862. From accounts generally, and
+more particularly from the opinions expressed by the Maryland members of
+our battery, we were in eager anticipation of seeing the whole
+population rise to receive us with open arms, and our depleted ranks
+swelled by the younger men, impatient for the opportunity to help to
+achieve Southern independence. The prospect of what was in store for us
+when we reached Baltimore, as pictured by our boys from that city,
+filled our minds with such eager yearnings that our impatience to rush
+in could scarcely be restrained. On the evening of our arrival within
+the borders of the State, with several companions, I took supper at the
+house of a Southern sympathizer, who said much to encourage our faith.</p>
+
+<p>In a day or two we were approaching Frederick City. Strict orders had
+been issued against foraging or leaving the ranks, but Steve Dandridge
+and I determined to take the bit in our teeth and endeavor to do the
+town for one day at all hazards. Knowing the officers and provost-guards
+would be on the alert and hard to evade after the town was reached, we
+concluded, in order to be safe from their observation, to accomplish
+that part of our plan beforehand. A field of corn half a mile from the
+city afforded us good cover till well out of sight. Then, by "taking
+judicious advantage of the shrubbery," we made our way into a quiet part
+of the city, and, after scaling a few picket fences, came out into a
+cross-street remote from the line of march. Steve was the fortunate
+possessor of a few dollars in greenbacks, my holdings being of a like
+sum in Confederate scrip.</p>
+
+<p>As previously mentioned, our extra baggage&mdash;and extra meant all save
+that worn on our backs&mdash;had been left weeks before near the banks of the
+Rapidan, so that our apparel was now in sad plight. Dandridge had lost
+his little cadet-cap while on a night march, and supplied its place from
+the head of a dead Federal at Manassas, his hair still protruding
+freely, and burnt as "brown as a pretzel bun." The style of my hat was
+on the other extreme. It had been made to order by a substantial hatter
+in Lexington, enlisted, and served through the war on one head after
+another. It was a tall, drab-colored fur of conical shape, with several
+rows of holes punched around the crown for ventilation. I still wore the
+lead-colored knit jacket given me by "Buck" Ranson during the Banks
+campaign. This garment was adorned with a blue stripe near the edges,
+buttoned close at the throat, and came down well over the hips, fitting
+after the manner of a shirt. My trousers, issued by the Confederate
+Quartermaster Department, were fashioned in North Carolina, of a
+reddish-brown or brick-dust color, part wool and part cotton, elaborate
+in dimensions about the hips and seat, but tapering and small at the
+feet, in imitation, as to shape and color, of those worn by Billy
+Wilson's Zouaves at first Manassas. This is an accurate description of
+our apparel. Among our fellow-soldiers it attracted no especial
+attention, as there were many others equally as striking. Very
+naturally, we were at first eyed with suspicion by the people we met,
+and when we inquired for a place to get refreshments were directed "down
+yonder"; in fact anywhere else than where we were.</p>
+
+<p>We soon found a nice little family grocery-store; that is, one kept by a
+family, including among others two very comely young women. Here we
+found O'Rourke, an Irishman of our company, who had a talent for nosing
+out good things&mdash;both solids and liquids. We were served with a good
+repast of native wine, bread, butter, etc.; and, in case we should not
+have leisure for milder beverages, had a canteen filled with whiskey.</p>
+
+<p>While enjoying our agreeable cheer, a man about thirty years of age came
+in, he said, to make our acquaintance. He was quite a sharp-looking
+fellow, with small, keen black eyes, a "glib" tongue, and told us that
+he was an out-and-out rebel, proud to meet us and ready to oblige. Steve
+forthwith proposed, as evidence of his good-will, an exchange of
+headgear. He dilated eloquently on the historic value of his own cap,
+and, while it did not entirely suit him, exposed as he was to the
+weather, it would be becoming to a city gentleman, besides reviving the
+most pleasant associations as a souvenir; and, moreover, the hat the
+stranger wore was most suitable for a soldier and would do good service
+to the cause. At length the exchange was made and, Steve having donned
+the nice black hat, we took our leave. We had scarcely walked a square
+when our attention was attracted by the sound of rapid footsteps
+approaching from the rear, and, turning, we saw our new and interesting
+acquaintance coming at a run. As he passed us, with a high bound he
+seized the hat from Dandridge's head, threw the cap on the pavement, and
+disappeared like a flash around the corner.</p>
+
+<p>While seated in a confectionery, enjoying a watermelon we had purchased
+at a nearby fruitstand, a gentleman came in and insisted on presenting
+us with a bottle of blackberry brandy, which he recommended as an
+excellent tonic. We declined his offer, a little suspicious as to the
+nature of the liquor, but, as he accepted our invitation to partake of
+our melon, we compromised by joining him in a drink of the brandy, and
+found it so palatable we regretted not having accepted his proposed
+present of the whole bottle. Here, with boyish delight, we laid in a
+supply of confectionery.</p>
+
+<p>Passing along the street soon after this, we were accosted by a
+venerable-looking gentleman, who stopped us and inquired, very
+modestly, if there was any way in which he could be of service to us. We
+could suggest none. He then intimated that we might be a little short of
+current funds. We could not deny that our funds were somewhat short and
+not very current. He offered us some greenbacks, of which we accepted a
+dollar, asking him to try one of our Confederate dollars instead, which
+he declined to do, but expressed the hope, in a very delicate way, that
+all of the Confederate soldiers would so conduct themselves as to show
+the Marylanders of Union proclivities what gentlemen they really were.</p>
+
+<p>Our next experience was rather trying, for me at least, as events will
+show. Dandridge remembered that he had a lady friend in the city, and
+proposed that we hunt her up and pay a call. We discussed the subject, I
+thinking such assurance out of the question; but he said he knew her
+"like a book," that she had visited at "The Bower," his family home;
+would excuse our appearance, and be charmed to see us. He knew that,
+when in Frederick City, she visited at a Mr. Webster's, whose handsome
+residence we succeeded in locating, and were soon at the door. The bell
+was answered by a tall, dignified-looking gentleman of about forty-five
+years, with a full brown beard, who, standing in the half-open door,
+looked inquiringly as to the object of our visit. Dandridge asked if
+Miss&mdash;&mdash;was in. He replied she was, and waited as if inclined to ask,
+"What business is that of yours?" Dandridge cut the interview short by
+saying, "My name is Dandridge, and I wish to see her. Come in, Ned." We
+walked in, and were asked to be seated in the hall. Presently Miss&mdash;&mdash;
+appeared. She seemed at first, and doubtless was, somewhat surprised.
+Dandridge, though, was perfectly natural and at ease, introduced me as
+if I were a general, and rattled away in his usual style. She informed
+him that another of his lady friends was in the house, and left us to
+bring her in. To me the situation was not of the kind I had been seeking
+and, rising, I said, "Steven, if you have time before the ladies return
+to manufacture a satisfactory explanation of my absence, do so;
+otherwise, treat the matter as if you had come alone," and I vanished.
+Dandridge was invited to remain to dinner, was sumptuously feasted and
+entertained by the host, and to my astonishment brought me a special
+invitation to return with him the following day and dine with the
+household. Other engagements, however, prevented my going.</p>
+
+<p>About four <span class="smcap">P. M.</span> I met Joe Shaner, of Lexington, and of our
+battery, on the street. His gun having met with some mishap the day
+previous, had fallen behind, and had now just come up and passed through
+the town. Joe was wofully dejected, and deplored missing, as one would
+have imagined, the opportunity of his life&mdash;a day in such a city,
+teeming with all that was good. But little time now remained before
+evening roll-call, when each must give an account of himself. He was
+hungry, tired, and warm, and I felt it my duty to comfort him as far as
+possible. I asked him how he would like a taste of whiskey. "It's just
+what I need," was his quiet reply, and before I had time to get the
+strap off of my shoulder he dropped on one knee on the curb-stone and
+had my canteen upside down to his mouth, oblivious of those passing by.
+He had no money, but, being a messmate, I invested the remnant of my
+change for his benefit, but found it necessary to include a weighty
+watermelon, to make out his load to camp.</p>
+
+<p>The next acquaintance I met was George Bedinger, whom I found, clad <i>&agrave;
+la mode</i>, standing in a hotel-door with an expression of calm
+satisfaction on his face. As I came up to him, carrying my recent
+purchases tied in a bandana handkerchief, and stood before him, he
+scanned me from head to foot, said not a word, but fell back with a roar
+of laughter. Gay, brilliant Bedinger, whose presence imparted an
+electric touch to those around him; I shall ne'er see his like again!</p>
+
+<p>The sun was now setting; camp was two miles away. Thither I set out,
+cheered by the assurance that, whatever punishment befell, I had had a
+day. Arriving there, my apprehensions were relieved, possibly because
+offenses of the kind were too numerous to be handled conveniently. About
+dusk that evening a free fight between the members of our company and
+those of Raines's battery, of Lynchburg, was with difficulty prevented
+by the officers of the companies, who rushed in with their sabers. The
+Alleghany Roughs, hearing the commotion, one of their men cried out,
+"Old Rockbridge may need us! Come on, boys, let's see them through!" And
+on they came.</p>
+
+<p>We spent two or three days in a clean, fresh camp in this fertile
+country, supplied with an abundance of what it afforded. At noon each
+day apple-dumplings could be seen dancing in the boiling camp-kettles,
+with some to spare for a visitor, provided he could furnish his own
+plate.</p>
+
+<p>On the tenth came orders "to hitch up," but to our surprise and
+disappointment we turned back in the direction from which we had come,
+instead of proceeding toward Baltimore and Washington, and the
+realization of our bright hopes. We crossed the Potomac at Williamsport,
+thirty miles northwest, but not dry-shod. Thence southwest into
+Jefferson County, West Virginia.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XVII" id="CHAPTER_XVII"></a>CHAPTER XVII</h2>
+
+<h3>RETURN TO VIRGINIA&mdash;INVESTMENT AND CAPTURE OF HARPER'S FERRY</h3>
+
+
+<p>At Harper's Ferry there was a considerable force of the enemy, which
+place was now evidently the object of the expedition, and which we
+approached soon after noon on the thirteenth. After the usual delays
+required in getting troops deployed, our battery was posted on an
+elevated ridge northwest of Bolivar Heights, the stronghold of the
+Federals, and confronting their bold array of guns directed toward us.</p>
+
+<p>We opened fire and were answered, but without apparent effect on either
+side. This was late in the afternoon, and night came on before anything
+was accomplished. The situation of Harper's Ferry is too well known to
+require description. Only by a view of its surroundings from some
+adjacent eminence can one form an idea of its beauty. As we stood by our
+guns on the morning of the fifteenth we were aware of what had been in
+progress for the investment of the place, and now, that having been
+accomplished, we awaited with interest the general assault that was soon
+to follow.</p>
+
+<p>Directly on the opposite side of Bolivar Heights from where we stood
+was Loudoun, or Virginia Heights, the extreme north end of the Blue
+Ridge in Virginia, at the base of which flowed the Shenandoah River, and
+now held by our artillery, as were also Maryland Heights, across the
+Potomac, while various lines of infantry lay concealed along the banks
+of both rivers and intervening valleys, completely enveloping the
+Federal position.</p>
+
+<p>The morning was still and clear, giving us a full view of the lines of
+the lofty mountains. Simultaneously the great circle of artillery
+opened, all firing to a common center, while the clouds of smoke,
+rolling up from the tops of the various mountains, and the thunder of
+the guns reverberating among them, gave the idea of so many volcanoes.</p>
+
+<p>The fire of the Federals in the unequal contest made no perceptible
+impression, not even on the lines of infantry which had begun closing in
+from all sides for the final charge. Before they (the infantry) were
+within musket range, a horseman bearing a large piece of tent-cloth
+swept along the crest of Bolivar Heights. The doubtful color of the flag
+displayed prevented an immediate cessation of the Confederate fire. It
+proved to be in token of surrender, but after its appearance I saw a
+shot from our second piece strike so near a horseman riding at speed
+along the heights as to envelop horse and rider in its smoke and dust.</p>
+
+<p>The whole affair, devoid, as it was, of ordinary danger, was one of
+thrilling interest. Our commanding position gave us a full view of the
+extensive and varied terrain, a thing of rare occurrence to other than
+general officers. In addition to this, the fact that we had defeated our
+antagonists, usually in superior numbers, in battle after battle
+throughout a long campaign, tended to confirm us in the opinion that we
+could down them every time, and that the contest must, at no distant
+day, end in our favor. The number of troops surrendered was 11,500, with
+seventy-three pieces of artillery, sufficient to supply our batteries
+for some time. It was comparatively a bloodless victory, though the
+commanding officer, Colonel Miles, was killed at the last moment, and
+the terms of surrender arranged by General White, who had fallen back to
+this place from Martinsburg. I saw their artillery as it was driven out
+and turned over to us, supplied with most excellent equipments, and
+horses sleek and fat.</p>
+
+<p>As some time would be consumed in handling the prisoners and the
+transfer of arms and stores, I set out in the afternoon for Charlestown,
+and, as usual, went to my friends&mdash;the Ransons. After a refreshing bath
+I donned a clean white shirt and a pair of light-checked trousers, and
+was ready to discuss the events of the campaign with General Lindsay
+Walker, who was also a guest of the house. About nine o'clock at night I
+was joined by Dandridge, who had been met in the town by his mother and
+sisters from "The Bower," and, with light hearts and full haversacks,
+we set out for camp seven miles distant.</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<img src="images/illus09.jpg" alt="Tyler"  />
+<a id="illus09" name="illus09"></a>
+</p>
+<p class='center'> <span class="smcap">D. Gardiner Tyler</span></p>
+
+<p>The Ranson family has several times been mentioned in these pages, as
+their home was a place where, when hungry, I was fed and, when naked,
+clothed. The oldest son, Tom, now a lawyer in Staunton, Virginia, was my
+schoolfellow and classmate at college when a boy in Lexington. After
+receiving a wound at Cross Keys in June, 1862, when a lieutenant in the
+Fifty-second Virginia Regiment, which incapacitated him for further
+service in the infantry, he enlisted in the cavalry. By reason of his
+familiarity with the topography of the country about Harper's Ferry and
+the lower portion of the Valley, together with his indomitable pluck and
+steady nerve, he was often employed as a scout, and in this capacity
+frequently visited his home near Charlestown. The residence, situated,
+as it was, a quarter of a mile from and overlooking the town, was
+approached by a wide avenue leading by a gentle ascent to the front
+gate, which stood about seventy-five yards from the house. Owing to the
+commanding view thus afforded, it was a favorite place for a Federal
+picket-post, so that, while a dangerous place for a rebel soldier to
+venture, it offered many facilities for obtaining valuable information.
+On one occasion young Ranson spent three days in this home while the
+Federal pickets were on constant watch day and night at the front gate
+opening into the lawn, and went in and out of the house at their
+convenience. Moreover, the negro servants of the family knew of "Marse
+Tom's" presence, but looked and acted negro ignorance to perfection when
+catechised.</p>
+
+<p>When standing at a front window one afternoon Tom saw a lady friend of
+the family approaching the house from the town. On reaching the front
+gate she, of course, was stopped by the sentinel and, after a parley,
+refused admittance and required to retrace her steps. Two hours later,
+much to their surprise, she appeared in the family-room and sank down
+completely exhausted, having entered the house by a rear door, which she
+had reached after making a detour of a mile or more to escape the
+vigilance of the videttes in front. After recovering breath she
+unburdened herself of her load, which consisted, in part, of a pair of
+long-legged cavalry boots, late issues of Northern newspapers, etc. This
+load she had carried suspended from her waist and concealed under the
+large hoop-skirt then worn by ladies. The newspapers and information of
+large bodies of Federal troops being hurried by rail past Harper's Ferry
+were delivered by young Ranson to General Lee on the following day.</p>
+
+<p>Throughout the preceding day, while occupied about Harper's Ferry, we
+heard heavy cannonading across the Maryland border, apparently eight or
+ten miles from us. This had increased in volume, and by sunset had
+evidently advanced toward us, as the sound of musketry was distinctly
+heard. It proved to be an attack on Gen. D. H. Hill's division and other
+commands occupying the South Mountain passes. After stubborn resistance
+the Confederates had been forced to yield. So on reaching camp toward
+midnight, after our visit to Charlestown, we were not surprised to find
+the battery preparing to move. With scarcely an hour's delay we were
+again on the march, heading for Maryland. We arrived at Shepherdstown
+before dawn, and while halting in the road for half an hour Henry Lewis,
+driver at my gun, overcome with sleep, fell sprawling from his horse,
+rousing those about him from a similar condition.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XVIII" id="CHAPTER_XVIII"></a>CHAPTER XVIII</h2>
+
+<h3>INTO MARYLAND AGAIN&mdash;BATTLE OF SHARPSBURG&mdash;WOUNDED&mdash;RETURN TO
+WINCHESTER&mdash;HOME</h3>
+
+
+<p>Half a mile below the town we forded the Potomac for the third time, and
+by the middle of the afternoon were on the outskirts of Sharpsburg, four
+miles from the river. On the opposite, or east, side of this village are
+Antietam creek and valley; a mile from the creek and parallel to it was
+a heavily wooded mountain. It is not my design to attempt a description
+of the battle which was fought on this ground on the following day,
+generally conceded to have been the fiercest of the war, but only to
+mention what came under my observation or was especially associated
+therewith.</p>
+
+<p>The unusual activity and aggressiveness on the part of General
+McClellan, as evidenced by the fierce attacks made on our forces in the
+South Mountain passes for the two preceding days, were explained by his
+being in possession of General Lee's order to his subordinates. This
+order, or a copy of it, which contained directions for the movements of
+the various portions of the Confederate army, including the investment
+of Harper's Ferry, had been lost or disposed of by some one in
+Frederick City, and when this place was occupied, on September 13, by
+the Federals, was delivered to General McClellan. Thus acquainted with
+the location and movements of each division of the Confederate army,
+which was scattered over a wide territory and separated by a river and
+rugged mountains, it seems surprising that with his army of 90,000 men
+he should not have practically destroyed General Lee's army of 40,000.
+General Lee, however, was informed early on the morning of the
+fourteenth that a copy of his order had fallen into the hands of General
+McClellan.</p>
+
+<p>This was done by a citizen of Frederick City who happened to be present
+when General McClellan received it and heard him express satisfaction
+over such a stroke of luck. This citizen at once went to work to inform
+General Lee, which task he accomplished by passing through the Federal
+lines during the night and informing General Stuart, who forthwith
+communicated it to General Lee, who lost no time in moving heaven and
+earth&mdash;the former by prayer, we assume; the latter by his authority over
+men&mdash;to meet the emergency. Results proved how wonderfully he succeeded.</p>
+
+<p>As we moved past the town we saw neither any of our troops nor those of
+the enemy, and heard no firing. Although there was complete absence of
+the usual prelude to battle, still the apprehension came over us that
+something serious in that line was not very remote, either in time or
+place. The commanders of both armies were conscious of the importance
+of the impending contest, which perhaps explains the extreme caution
+they exercised.</p>
+
+<p>After passing through a piece of woodland, we entered a small field and
+came in distinct view of two blue lines of battle, drawn up one in rear
+of the other. On these we at once opened fire, and were answered very
+promptly by a Federal battery in the same quarter. While thus engaged we
+had a visitor in the person of a young fellow who had just been
+commissioned a lieutenant, having previously been an orderly at brigade
+headquarters. Feeling his newly acquired importance, he spurred his
+horse around among the guns, calling out, "Let 'em have it!" and the
+like, until, seeing our disgust at his impertinent encouragement, and
+that we preferred a chance to let him have it, he departed. Our next
+visitor came in a different guise, and by a hint of another kind was
+quickly disposed of. He, a man of unusually large size, with sword
+dangling at his side, came bounding from our right at a full run. A
+large log a few steps in our rear was his goal as a place of safety, and
+over it he leaped and was instantly concealed behind it. He had scant
+time to adjust himself before the log was struck a crashing blow by a
+solid shot. He reappeared as part of the upheaval; but, regaining his
+feet, broke for the woods with the speed of a quarterhorse, and a
+greater confidence in distance than in logs.</p>
+
+<p>It was now dark, and our range had been accurately gotten. After each
+discharge of our opponent's guns, what appeared to be a harmless spark
+of fire, immovable as a star, repeatedly deceived us. It was the burning
+fuse in the head of the shell which, coming straight toward us, seemed
+stationary until the shell shot by or burst. Four young mules drawing
+our battery-forge were stampeded by these shells and ran off through the
+woods, thus affording Pleasants, our blacksmith, entertainment for the
+rest of the night.</p>
+
+<p>Firing ceased on both sides at about eight o'clock, and we passed
+through the woods to our left and went into park on the opposite side.
+Still feeling the comfort of my clean clothes, I enjoyed a quiet night's
+rest on the top of a caisson, little heeding the gentle rain which fell
+on my face. Our bivouac was immediately by the "Straw-stacks," which
+have been so generally referred to as landmarks in this battle, and
+which were located in the open ground near the forest which extended to
+the Dunkard church. About seven o'clock next morning, while standing
+with horses hitched and awaiting orders, no engagement so far having
+taken place near us, a shell of great size burst with a terrific report.
+One fragment of it mortally wounded Sam Moore, a driver of my gun, while
+another piece cut off the forefoot of one of the horses in the team. We
+soon transferred his harness to another horse which we hitched in his
+stead and, as we went off at a trot, the crippled horse took his place
+close by where he was accustomed to work, and kept alongside on three
+legs until his suffering was relieved by a bullet in the brain.</p>
+
+<p>We had moved, to get out of range of missiles, but the place to which we
+had just come was not an improvement. While standing with the gun in
+front turned in file at right angles to those following, a twenty-pound
+shell swept by the six drivers and their teams in the rear, just grazing
+them, then striking the ground, ricocheted almost between the forward
+driver and his saddle as he threw himself forward on the horse's neck. I
+mention this in contrast with an occurrence later in the day, when one
+shell killed or wounded all of the six horses in a team, together with
+their three drivers.</p>
+
+<p>Fighting along the line of four miles had become general&mdash;done on our
+side chiefly by infantry. Jackson's corps occupied the left with a thin
+line of men, and from it there was already a stream of stragglers.
+Jackson, while sitting nearby on his horse, watching the battle, was
+approached by a lad of about thirteen years, who for some time had been
+one of his orderlies. He began talking in a very animated manner,
+pointing the while to different parts of the field. Jackson kept his
+eyes on the ground, but gave close attention to what was said. The boy
+was Charles Randolph, and soon after this became a cadet at the Virginia
+Military Institute, and at the battle of New Market was left on the
+field for dead. Fourteen years after the war, while visiting in a
+neighboring county, I was introduced to a Reverend Mr. Randolph, and,
+seeing the resemblance to the soldier-boy, I asked him about Sharpsburg,
+recalling the incident, and found he was the lad.</p>
+
+<p>The straggling already mentioned continually increased, and seemed to
+give General Jackson great concern. He endeavored, with the aid of his
+staff officers who were present and the members of our company, to stop
+the men and turn them back, but without the least effect; claiming, as
+they did, the want of ammunition and the usual excuses. The marvel was,
+how those remaining in line could have withstood the tremendous odds
+against them; but, from accounts, the enemy suffered the same
+experience, and in a greater degree. Up to this time, with the exception
+of a return of our battery to the Dunkard church, where we had fought
+the evening before, we had done nothing. At about ten o'clock the
+indications were that if reinforcements could not be promptly had
+serious consequences would follow. But just after our return from the
+church to General Jackson's place of observation we saw a long column of
+troops approaching from the left. This was McLaw's division of
+Longstreet's corps, which had just reached the field. Their coming was
+most opportune, and but a short time elapsed before the comparative
+quiet was interrupted&mdash;first by volleys, followed by a continuous roar
+of battle.</p>
+
+<p>Our battery was now ordered to the left of our line, and on the way
+thither joined Raines's battery, of Lynchburg, and a battery of
+Louisianians&mdash;eleven guns in all. Besides the ordinary number of guns
+accompanying infantry, we had to contend with about thirty 32-pounders
+on the high ground in the rear and entirely commanding that part of the
+field. In view of the superior odds against us, our orders were to hold
+our positions as long as possible, then to move to our left and occupy
+new ones. Why such instructions were given was soon explained, as the
+ground over which we passed, and where we stopped to fire, was strewn
+with the dead horses and the wrecks of guns and caissons of the
+batteries which had preceded us. By the practice thus afforded, the
+Federal batteries had gotten a perfect range, and by the time our guns
+were unlimbered we were enveloped in the smoke and dust of bursting
+shells, and the air was alive with flying iron. At most of the positions
+we occupied on this move it was the exception when splinters and pieces
+of broken rails were not flying from the fences which stood in our
+front, hurled by shot and shell.</p>
+
+<p>Working in the lead of one of the Louisiana battery teams was a horse
+that frequently attracted my admiration. A rich blood-bay in color, with
+flowing black mane and tail, as he swept around in the various changes
+with wide, glowing nostrils and flecked with foam, in my eyes he came
+well up to the description of the warhorse whose "neck was clothed with
+thunder."</p>
+
+<p>Moving as we had been doing, toward the left of our line, we passed
+beyond that portion held by regular infantry commands into what was
+defended by a mere show of force when scarcely any existed. In charge of
+it was Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, who demonstrated on this occasion his
+ability to accomplish what it would seem impossible for one man to do.
+With a few skeleton regiments supplied with numerous flags which he
+posted to show over the crests of the ridges in our rear, as if there
+were men in proportion, he himself took command of a line of
+sharpshooters in our front. This skirmish-line was composed of
+stragglers he had gathered up, and whom he had transformed from a lot of
+shirkers into a band of heroes. With black plume floating, cheering and
+singing, back and forth along the line he swept.</p>
+
+<p>The Federals confronting us in the three blue lines could not have been
+less than 8,000 men, who, with their powerful artillery, should have
+utterly overwhelmed the scant numbers handled by Stuart. As the blue
+lines would start forward, calling to our artillery to pour in the
+shells again, he would urge on his sharpshooters to meet them half-way.
+The failure of a strong force of Federals to advance farther is
+explained, no doubt, by the fact that two of their army corps and one
+division had suffered terribly a short time before near the same ground.</p>
+
+<p>Colonel Allan states, in his "Army of Northern Virginia, 1862," page
+409, "Of Hooker's and Mansfield's corps, and of Sedgwick's division, was
+nothing left available for further operations"; and General Palfrey, the
+Northern historian, says, "In less time than it takes to tell it, the
+ground was strewn with the bodies of the dead and wounded, while the
+unwounded were moving off rapidly to the north." (Palfrey, "Antietam and
+Fredericksburg," page 87.)</p>
+
+<p>While engaged in one of these artillery duels a thirty-two pound shot
+tore by the gun and struck close by Henry Rader, a driver, who was lying
+on the ground, holding the lead-horses at the limber. The shell tore a
+trench alongside of him and hoisted him horizontally from the ground. As
+he staggered off, dazed by the shock, the horses swung around to run,
+when young R. E. Lee, Jr., with bare arms and face begrimed with powder,
+made a dash from the gun, seized the bridle of each of the leaders at
+the mouth, and brought them back into position before the dust had
+cleared away.</p>
+
+<p>In the constant changes from knoll to knoll, in accordance with orders
+to "move when the fire became too hot," some of the batteries with us
+withdrew, perhaps prematurely. In this way the Rockbridge guns were left
+to receive the whole of the enemy's fire. In just such a situation as
+this, it not being to our liking, I asked Lieutenant Graham if we should
+pull out when the others did. Before he could answer the question a
+shell burst at our gun, from which an iron ball an inch in diameter
+struck me on the right thigh-joint, tearing and carrying the clothes in
+to the bone. I fell, paralyzed with excruciating pain. Graham rode off,
+thinking I was killed, as he afterward told me. The pain soon subsided,
+and I was at first content to lie still; but, seeing the grass and earth
+around constantly torn up, and sometimes thrown on me, I made fruitless
+efforts to move. The strict orders against assisting the wounded
+prevented my being carried off until the firing had ceased, when I was
+taken back about fifty yards and my wound examined by two surgeons from
+the skeleton regiments, who treated me with the utmost kindness,
+thinking, perhaps, from my clean white shirt, that I was an officer. An
+hour later my gun came by, and I was put on a caisson and hauled around
+for an hour or two more.</p>
+
+<p>It was about this time that what was left of the battery was seen by
+General Lee, and the interview between him and his son took place. To
+give an idea of the condition of the battery, I quote from
+"Recollections and Letters of General Lee," by R. E. Lee, Jr., page 77:</p>
+
+<p>"As one of the Army of Northern Virginia I occasionally saw the
+Commander-in-Chief, or passed the headquarters close enough to recognize
+him and members of his staff; but a private soldier in Jackson's corps
+did not have much time during that campaign for visiting, and until the
+battle of Sharpsburg I had no opportunity of speaking to him. On that
+occasion our battery had been severely handled, losing many men and
+horses. Having three guns disabled, we were ordered to withdraw and,
+while moving back, we passed General Lee and several of his staff
+grouped on a little knoll near the road. Having no definite orders where
+to go, our captain, seeing the commanding General, halted us and rode
+over to get some instructions. Some others and myself went along to see
+and hear. General Lee was dismounted with some of his staff around him,
+a courier holding his horse. Captain Poague, commanding our battery, the
+Rockbridge Artillery, saluted, reported our condition, and asked for
+instructions. The General listened patiently, looked at us, his eyes
+passing over me without any sign of recognition, and then ordered
+Captain Poague to take the most serviceable horses and men, man the
+uninjured gun, send the disabled part of his command back to refit, and
+report to the front for duty. As Poague turned to go, I went up to speak
+to my father. When he found out who I was he congratulated me on being
+well and unhurt. I then said, 'General, are you going to send us in
+again?' 'Yes, my son,' he replied, with a smile, 'you all must do what
+you can to help drive these people back.' In a letter to Mrs. Lee,
+General Lee says, 'I have not laid eyes on Rob since I saw him in the
+battle of Sharpsburg, going in with a single gun of his, for the second
+time, after his company had been withdrawn in consequence of three of
+its guns having been disabled....'"</p>
+
+<p>Held by a companion on the caisson, as it was driven toward our right,
+jolting over the partly torn-down fences and exposed to far-reaching
+missiles, I had an opportunity of seeing other portions of the
+battlefield. We stopped for a time on the ridge overlooking the village
+almost enveloped in the flames of burning buildings, while flocks of
+terrified pigeons, driven hither and thither by the screaming and
+bursting shells, flew round and round in the clouds of smoke. In
+hearing, from beyond and to the left of the village, was the fighting at
+"Bloody Lane," a sunken road which was almost filled with the dead of
+both sides when the day closed. As was also that at "Burnside Bridge," a
+mile southeast of the town, for the possession of which Burnside's corps
+and Toombs's Georgians contended till late in the afternoon. I was not
+averse to leaving this scene when the disabled caisson proceeded, and
+reached the pike.</p>
+
+<p>A mile farther on I was deposited on the roadside, near the brigade
+field-hospital; and, completely exhausted, was carried into the yard of
+a neat brick cottage by two stalwart Alleghany Roughs and laid beside
+their captain, John Carpenter. The place, inside and out, was filled
+with wounded men. Carpenter insisted on my taking the last of his
+two-ounce vial of whiskey, which wonderfully revived me. Upon inquiry,
+he told me he had been shot through the knee by a piece of shell and
+that the surgeons wanted to amputate his leg, but, calling my attention
+to a pistol at his side, said, "You see that? It will not be taken off
+while I can pull a trigger." He entirely recovered, and led his battery
+into the next battle, where he was again severely wounded. That the
+history of the four Carpenter brothers of Alleghany County, Virginia,
+has not been recorded is a misfortune. As already mentioned, Joe, the
+oldest, and captain of the Alleghany Rough Battery, was mortally wounded
+near us at Cedar Mountain. John, who succeeded him as captain, after
+being wounded at Sharpsburg, was again wounded at Fredericksburg in
+1862, where he was twice carried from the field, and as often worked his
+way back to his gun. In Early's campaign in 1864 he lost his right arm.
+In the same campaign his next younger brother, Ben, lieutenant in the
+same company, was shot through the lungs. The wounds of neither had
+healed when they received news, at their home, of the surrender at
+Appomattox. Mounting their horses, they set out for Gen. Joe Johnston's
+army in North Carolina, but, on arriving at Lexington, Virginia, heard
+of the surrender of that army. The fourth and youngest brother lost a
+leg near the close of the war. Like all true heroes, their modesty was
+as striking as their courage and patriotism.</p>
+
+<p>On the following day at our hospital the heap of amputated legs and arms
+increased in size until it became several feet in height, while the two
+armies lay face to face, like two exhausted monsters, each waiting for
+the other to strike.</p>
+
+<p>About sundown that afternoon I was put in an ambulance with S. R. Moore,
+of the College company, who was in a semi-conscious state, having been
+struck on the brow, the ball passing out back of the ear. The distance
+to Shepherdstown was only three miles, but the slow progress of
+innumerable trains of wagons and impedimenta generally, converging at
+the one ford of the Potomac, delayed our arrival until dawn the next
+morning. About sunrise we were carried into an old deserted frame house
+and assigned to the bare floor for beds. My brother David, whose gun had
+remained on picket duty on this side of the river, soon found me, and at
+once set about finding means to get me away. The only conveyance
+available was George Bedinger's mother's carriage, but my brother's
+horse&mdash;the same brute that had robbed me of my bedding at Leesburg&mdash;-
+now refused to work.</p>
+
+<p>The booming of cannon and bursting of shells along the river at the
+lower end of the town admonished us that our stay in the desolate old
+house must be short, and, as brigade after brigade marched by the door,
+the apprehension that "they in whose wars I had borne my part" would
+soon "have all passed by," made me very wretched. As a last resort, I
+was lifted upon the back of this same obstreperous horse and, in great
+pain, rode to the battery, which was camped a short distance from the
+town.</p>
+
+<p>S. R. Moore was afterward taken to the Bedingers' residence, where he
+remained in the enemy's lines until, with their permission, he was taken
+home by his father some weeks later.</p>
+
+<p>David Barton, a former member of our company, but now in command of
+Cutshaw's battery, kindly sent his ambulance, with instructions that I
+be taken to his father's house in Winchester, which place, in company
+with a wounded man of his battery, I reached on the following day. At
+Mr. Barton's I found my cousin and theirs, Robert Barton, of Rockbridge,
+on sick-leave, and a Doctor Grammer, who dressed my wound; and, although
+unable to leave my bed, I intensely enjoyed the rest and kindness
+received in that hospitable home, which was repeatedly made desolate by
+the deaths of its gallant sons who fell in battle.</p>
+
+<p>Marshall, the eldest, and lieutenant in artillery, was killed on the
+outskirts of Winchester in May, 1862. David, the third son, whom I have
+just mentioned, was killed in December of the same year. Strother, the
+second son, lost a leg at Chancellorsville and died soon after the war;
+and Randolph, the fourth son, captain on the staff of the Stonewall
+Brigade, and now a distinguished lawyer in Baltimore, was seven times
+wounded, while Robert, a member of our battery, and a gallant soldier,
+was the only one of the five brothers in the service who survived the
+war unscathed. Our mutual cousin, Robert Barton of the Rockbridge
+Cavalry, was shot through the lungs in Early's Valley campaign, and left
+within the enemy's lines, where, nursed by his sister, his life hung in
+the balance for many days.</p>
+
+<p>After a sojourn of a few days, leave to go home was given me by the
+department surgeon, and at four o'clock in the morning, with young
+Boiling, Barton and Reid serving as my crutches (on their way to the
+Virginia Military Institute), I was put in the stage-coach at the front
+door and driven to the hotel, where several Baltimoreans, who were
+returning from Northern prisons, got in. One of them was especially
+noticeable, as his face was much pitted by smallpox, and with his
+Confederate uniform he wore a wide-brimmed straw hat. They were a jolly
+set, and enlivened the journey no little. A square or two farther on,
+two wounded officers came from a house at which we stopped, and in an
+authoritative manner demanded seats inside, all of which were occupied.
+They said they were officers in a celebrated command and expected
+corresponding consideration. The fellow with the hat told them his party
+was just from Fort Delaware, where little distinction was paid to rank,
+but if they required exalted positions they ought to get on top of the
+coach. The officers said they were wounded and could not climb up. "I
+was wounded, too&mdash;mortally," came from under the hat. After joking them
+sufficiently, the Baltimoreans kindly gave up their seats and mounted to
+the top.</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<img src="images/illus10.jpg" alt="Barton"  />
+<a id="illus10" name="illus10"></a>
+</p>
+<p class='center'> <span class="smcap">R. T. Barton</span></p>
+
+<p>At the towns at which we stopped to change horses, the boys who
+collected around were entertained with wonderful stories by our friends
+from Baltimore. Just outside of one of these stopping-places we passed
+an old gentleman, probably refugeeing, who wore a tall beaver hat and
+rode a piebald pony. To the usual crowd of lads who had gathered around,
+they said they were going to give a show in the next town and wanted
+them all to come, would give them free tickets, and each a hatful of
+"goobers"; then pointing to the old gentleman on the spotted pony, who
+had now ridden up, said, "Ah, there is our clown; he can give you full
+particulars." One hundred and thirty miles from the battlefield of
+Sharpsburg the dawn of the second day of our journey showed again the
+procession of wounded men, by whom we had been passing all night and who
+had bivouacked along the road as darkness overtook them.</p>
+
+<p>They were now astir, bathing each other's wounds. The distance from
+Winchester to Staunton is ninety-six miles, and the trip was made by our
+stage in twenty-six hours, with stops only long enough to change horses.</p>
+
+<p>From nine to ten o'clock in the night I was utterly exhausted, and felt
+that I could not go a mile farther alive; but rallied, and reached
+Staunton at six o'clock in the morning, having been twenty-six hours on
+the way. Here Sam Lyle and Joe Chester, of the College company, detailed
+as a provost-guard, cared for me until the next day, when another
+stage-ride of thirty-six miles brought me to Lexington and home. With
+the aid of a crutch I was soon able to get about, but four months passed
+before I was again fit for duty, and from the effects of the wound I am
+lame to this day.</p>
+
+<p>Since going into the service in March, 1862, six months before, I had
+been in nine pitched battles, about the same number of skirmishes, and
+had marched more than one thousand miles&mdash;and this, too, with no natural
+taste for war.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XIX" id="CHAPTER_XIX"></a>CHAPTER XIX</h2>
+
+<h3>RETURN TO ARMY&mdash;IN WINTER-QUARTERS NEAR PORT ROYAL</h3>
+
+
+<p>On December 13, 1862, the great first battle of Fredericksburg had been
+fought, in which four men&mdash;Montgomery, McAlpin, Fuller and Beard&mdash;in my
+detachment had been killed, and others wounded, while the second piece,
+standing close by, did not lose a man. This section of the battery was
+posted in the flat, east of the railroad. As I was not present in this
+battle I will insert an account recently given me by Dr. Robert Frazer,
+a member of the detachment, who was severely wounded at the time:</p>
+
+<p>"First battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862.&mdash;We reached the
+field a little after sunrise, having come up during the night from Port
+Royal, where we had been engaging the enemy's gunboats. The first
+section, under Lieutenant Graham, went immediately into action in front
+of Hamilton's Crossing.</p>
+
+<p>"In conjunction with Stuart's horse artillery it was our mission to meet
+Burnside's movement against General Lee's right wing, resting on the
+Rappahannock. With the exception of brief intervals, to let the guns
+cool, we ceased firing only once during the entire day, and this was to
+move about a hundred yards for a more effective position. Excepting the
+few minutes this occupied, our guns and limber-chests remained in the
+same position all day, the caissons plying steadily between the
+ordnance-train and the battle line, to keep up the stock of ammunition.
+I do not recall the number of casualties, but our losses were heavy.
+When we came to make the change of position mentioned above, more than
+half the horses were unable to take a single step. One of the drivers,
+Fuller, was lying on the ground, his head toward the enemy. A shell
+entered the crown of his head and exploded in his body! Not long after
+this I heard some one calling me, and, looking back, I saw 'Doc'
+Montgomery prostrate. I ran to him and, stooping at his side, began to
+examine his wound. 'There is nothing you can do for me,' he said; 'I am
+mortally wounded, and can live but a little while. Take a message for my
+mother.' (His mother was a widow.) 'When the battle is over, write and
+tell her how I died&mdash;at my post&mdash;like a man&mdash;and ready to give my life
+for the cause. Now, Frazer, pray for me.' When the brief prayer was
+ended I resumed my place at the gun. It was about this time, I think,
+that Pelham came up and said, 'Well, you men stand killing better than
+any I ever saw.' A little later, just after sunset, I received two
+severe wounds myself, one of them disabling my right arm for life; and
+so I had to commit brave 'Doc's' dying message for his mother to other
+hands."</p>
+
+<p>The third and fourth pieces, twenty-pound Parrott guns, were on the hill
+west of the railroad, and there Lieutenant Baxter McCorkle, Randolph
+Fairfax and Arthur Robinson were killed, and Edward Alexander lost an
+arm. This section of the battery was exposed to a fire unsurpassed in
+fierceness during the war. The ground, when it arrived, was already
+strewn with dead horses and wrecked batteries, and two horses that were
+standing, with holes in their heads through which daylight could be
+seen, were instantly killed by other shots intended for our guns.</p>
+
+<p>Captain Poague told me since, that the orders General Jackson gave him
+as he came to the place were, "to fire on the enemy's artillery till it
+became too hot for him, and then to turn his guns on their infantry,"
+and that he, Poague, had stated this in his official report, and the
+chief of artillery of the corps, before forwarding the report, had asked
+him if he was sure that these were General Jackson's orders. He told him
+he was. The report was then endorsed and so forwarded.</p>
+
+<p>The scene, as described at the close of this battle near nightfall, was
+a melancholy one. As the two sections of the battery, which had
+separated and gone to different portions of the field in the
+morning&mdash;the one to the heights, the other to the plain&mdash;met again, on
+the caissons of each were borne the dead bodies of those of their
+number who had fallen, the wounded, and the harness stripped from the
+dead horses. The few horses that had survived, though scarcely able to
+drag the now empty ammunition-chests, were thus again burdened.</p>
+
+<p>After going into bivouac and the dead had been buried, to clear the
+ground for a renewal of the battle on the following day, the
+wagon-horses had to be brought into requisition. These were driven in
+pairs to the position on the bluff and, as lights would attract the fire
+of the enemy, the dead horses had to be found in the darkness, and with
+chains dragged to the rear. The approach of the first instalment to a
+line of infantry, through which it had to pass and who were roused from
+sleep by the rattling of chains and the dragging of the ponderous bodies
+through brush and fallen timber, created no little excitement, and a
+wide berth was given the gruesome procession. By midnight the work had
+been accomplished.</p>
+
+<p>At dawn of the following day a fresh detachment of men and horses having
+been furnished by another battery for the fourth piece, our battery
+again went into position. There it remained inactive throughout the day,
+while the enemy's dead within our lines were being buried by their own
+men under flag of truce. On the night which followed, as the two armies
+lay under arms, confronting each other, a display of the aurora
+borealis, of surpassing splendor and beauty, was witnessed. At such
+times, from time immemorial, "shooting-stars", comets, and the
+movements of the heavenly bodies have been observed with profoundest
+interest as presaging good or evil. On this occasion, with the deep
+impress of what had just been experienced and the apprehension of an
+even more determined conflict on the day next to dawn, it can readily be
+imagined that minds naturally prone to superstition were thrilled with
+emotions and conjectures aroused by the sight. At any rate, these
+"northern lights," reinforced by the memory of the fearful carnage so
+recently suffered, seem to have been interpreted as a summons home&mdash;as
+the Northern hosts, like the shifting lights, had vanished from view
+when daylight appeared.</p>
+
+<p>In January, 1863, with William McClintic, of our company, I returned to
+the army, which was in winter-quarters near Guiney's Station in Caroline
+County.</p>
+
+<p>After arriving in a box-car at this station, about midnight, during a
+pouring rain, we found one section of the battery camped three miles
+from Port Royal. The other section, to which I belonged, was on picket
+twelve miles beyond&mdash;at Jack's Hill, overlooking Port Tobacco Bay. The
+section near Port Royal had comfortable winter-quarters on a hillside
+and was well sheltered in pine woods; and, as most of my mess were in
+this section, I was allowed to remain until the contents of my box
+brought from home were consumed. One night soon after my arrival, while
+making a visit to members of another mess, Abner Arnold, one of my
+hosts, pointing to a large, dark stain on the tarpaulin which served as
+the roof of their shanty, said, "Have you any idea what discolored that
+place?" As I had not, he said, "That's your blood; that is the
+caisson-cover on which you were hauled around at Sharpsburg&mdash;and neither
+rain nor snow can wash it out."</p>
+
+<p>The infantry of the Stonewall Brigade was in camp seven miles from us,
+toward the railroad. Having ridden there one morning for our mail, I met
+two men in one of their winter-quarters streets. One of them, wearing a
+citizen's overcoat, attracted my attention. Then, noticing the scars on
+his face, I recognized my former messmate, Wash. Stuart, on his return
+to the battery for the first time since his fearful wound at Winchester
+the preceding May. His companion was Capt. Willie Randolph, of the
+Second Virginia Regiment, both of whom will be mentioned later.</p>
+
+<p>The chief sport of the troops in their winter-quarters was snowballing,
+which was conducted on regular military principles. Two brigades would
+sometimes form in line of battle, commanded by their officers, and pelt
+each other without mercy. In one such engagement a whole brigade was
+driven pell-mell through its camp, and their cooking utensils captured
+by their opponents.</p>
+
+<p>Once a week quite regularly an old negro man came to our camp with a
+wagon-load of fine oysters from Tappahannock. It was interesting to see
+some of the men from our mountains, who had never seen the bivalve
+before, trying to eat them, and hear their comments. Our custom was to
+buy anything to eat that came along, and so they had invested their
+Confederate notes in oysters. One of them gave some of my messmates an
+account of the time his mess had had with their purchases. When it was
+proposed that they sell their supply to us, he said, "No, we are not
+afraid to tackle anything, and we've made up our minds to eat what we've
+got on hand, if it takes the hair off."</p>
+
+<p>While in this camp, although it was after a five-months' absence, I
+invariably waked about two minutes before my time to go on guard, having
+slept soundly during the rest of the four hours. One officer, always
+finding me awake, asked if I ever slept at all. The habit did not
+continue, and had not been experienced before. An instance of the
+opposite extreme I witnessed here in an effort to rouse Silvey, who was
+generally a driver. After getting him on his feet, he was shaken,
+pulled, and dragged around a blazing fire, almost scorching him, until
+the guard-officer had to give him up. If feigning, it was never
+discovered.</p>
+
+<p>The contents of my box having long since been consumed, I, with several
+others, was sent, under command of Lieut. Cole Davis, to my section at
+Jack's Hill. There we were quartered in some negro cabins on this bleak
+hill, over which the cold winds from Port Tobacco Bay had a fair sweep.
+On my return from the sentinel's beat one snowy night I discovered, by
+the dim firelight, eight or ten sheep in our cabin, sheltering from the
+storm. The temptation, with such an opportunity, to stir up a panic, was
+hard to resist. But, fearing the loss of an eye or other injury to the
+prostrate sleepers on the dirt floor, by the hoof of a bucking sheep, I
+concluded to forego the fun. After a stay of several weeks we were
+ordered back to the other section, much to our delight. In that barren
+region, with scant provender and protected from the weather by a roof of
+cedar-brush, our horses had fared badly, and showed no disposition to
+pull when hitched to the guns that were held tight in the frozen mud. To
+one of the drivers, very tall and long of limb, who was trying in vain
+with voice and spur to urge his team to do its best, our Irish wit, Tom
+Martin, called out, "Pull up your frog-legs, Tomlin, if you want to find
+the baste; your heels are just a-spurrin' one another a foot below his
+belly!"</p>
+
+<p>We were delighted to be again in our old quarters, where we were more in
+the world and guard duty lighter. Several times before leaving this camp
+our mess had visits from the two cousins, Lewis and William Randolph,
+the firstnamed a captain in the Irish Battalion, the second a captain in
+the Second Virginia Regiment, who stopped over-night with us, on
+scouting expeditions across the Rappahannock in the enemy's lines, where
+Willie Randolph had a sweetheart, whom he, soon after this, married.
+Lewis Randolph told us that he had killed a Federal soldier with a stone
+in the charge on the railroad-cut at second Manassas; that the man, who
+was about twenty steps from him, was recapping his gun, which had just
+missed fire while aimed at Randolph's orderly-sergeant, when he threw
+the stone. William Randolph said, "Yes, that's true; when we were
+provost-officers at Frederick, Maryland, a man was brought in under
+arrest and, looking at Lewis, said, 'I've seen you before. I saw you
+kill a Yankee at second Manassas with a stone,' and then related the
+circumstances exactly."</p>
+
+<p>William Randolph was six feet two inches in height, and said that he had
+often been asked how he escaped in battle, and his reply was, "By taking
+a judicious advantage of the shrubbery." This, however, did not continue
+to avail him, as he was afterward killed while in command of his
+regiment, being one of the six commanders which the Second Virginia
+Regiment lost&mdash;killed in battle&mdash;during the war.</p>
+
+<p>In March we moved from our winter-quarters to Hamilton's Crossing, three
+miles from Fredericksburg, where we remained in camp, with several
+interruptions, until May. Our fare here was greatly improved by the
+addition of fresh fish, so abundant at that season of the year in the
+Rappahannock and the adjacent creeks. In April the great cavalry battle
+at Kelly's Ford, forty miles above, was fought, in which the "Gallant
+Pelham" was killed.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XX" id="CHAPTER_XX"></a>CHAPTER XX</h2>
+
+<h3>SECOND BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG&mdash;CHANCELLORSVILLE&mdash;WOUNDING AND DEATH OF
+STONEWALL JACKSON</h3>
+
+
+<p>The battle at Kelly's Ford was the forerunner of the crossing of
+Burnside's army to our side of the river, although this was delayed
+longer than was expected. In the latter part of April we were roused one
+morning before dawn to go into position on the fatal hill in the bend of
+the railroad. The various divisions of the army were already in motion
+from their winter-quarters, and, as they reached the neighborhood, were
+deployed in line of battle above and below.</p>
+
+<p>The high hills sloping toward the river on the enemy's side were manned
+with heavy siege-guns, from which shells were thrown at intervals as our
+troops came into view. Here we lay for a day or more, with guns
+unlimbered, awaiting the tedious disposition of the various divisions.
+The bluff on which our guns were posted, commanding, as it did, an
+extensive view of the country, attracted many of the officers, who had
+preceded their men, and, with field-glasses, scanned the surroundings. I
+saw at one time, within a few rods of where we stood, Generals Lee,
+Jackson, D. H. and A. P. Hill, Early, Rodes and Colston, besides a score
+of brigadiers. At this time the enemy were moving across their pontoon
+bridges and extending their skirmish-lines on the right and left.</p>
+
+<p>The only time I met General Jackson to speak to him since he had left
+Lexington was when he rode away from this group of officers. As I held
+aside the limb of a tree in his way, near our gun, he extended his hand
+and, as he gave me a hearty shake, said, "How do you do, Edward?" A
+short time after this, our battery had orders to fire a few rounds, as a
+sort of "feeler", and the enemy at once replied. The officers, not
+having been informed of the order, were for a time exposed to an
+unnecessary and what might have proved very serious danger. However,
+they withdrew before any damage was done, although a large piece of
+shell which flew past our gun gave General Colston a close call as he
+tarried near it. After threatening weather, the sun rose clear on the
+following morning. A light mist which lay along the river soon
+disappeared, and again, as at Harper's Ferry, our elevated position
+afforded a superb view. A level plain extended to the river in our front
+and for some miles to the right, and as far as Fredericksburg (two
+miles) to the left, and beyond the river the Stafford Heights.</p>
+
+<p>While we were standing admiring the scene, three horses without riders
+came dashing from within the Federal lines, and swept at full speed
+between the two armies. They ran as if on a regular race-track and
+conscious of the many spectators who cheered them to their best. Then,
+veering in their course from side to side, they finally shot through an
+opening made to receive them into our lines, which raised a "rebel
+yell," as if Jackson were passing by. One of these horses trotted into
+our battery and was caught and ridden by Sergeant Strickler, under the
+name of "Sedgwick," to the close of the war.</p>
+
+<p>Burnside's crossing the river at Fredericksburg was only a feint, as the
+mass of his army crossed near Chancellorsville, and thither our army
+went, leaving Early's division, two other brigades and several
+batteries, including ours, to oppose Sedgwick's corps. After three days
+here, with occasional artillery duels, Sedgwick recrossed the river, and
+Early, supposing he would join Hooker, set out with his command toward
+Chancellorsville. Before we had gone three miles I heard General
+Barksdale, as he rode along the column, ask for General Early, who was a
+short distance ahead, and announce, "My young men have told me that the
+Federals are recrossing the river." A few moments later, as the two rode
+back together, General Early said, "If that is the case, I must go back
+or they will get my wagon-train."</p>
+
+<p>We at once countermarched, and by eleven o'clock were back in position
+on the same bluff. The fourth detachment was in front and failed to get
+the order to countermarch, and so kept on almost to Chancellorsville,
+and did not rejoin us until eight o'clock the next morning (Sunday),
+having spent the whole night marching.</p>
+
+<p>I will mention here a striking instance of what I suppose could be
+called the "irony of fate." My bedfellow, Stuart, as already stated, had
+been fearfully wounded at Winchester, his first battle. After his return
+many months later he often expressed the greatest desire to pass through
+one battle unhurt, and regarded his companions who had done so as
+fortunate heroes. It was now Sunday morning and there had been heavy
+firing for an hour or two about Fredericksburg, and thither the third
+and fourth pieces were ordered. As they were starting off, I saw Stuart
+bidding good-by to several friends, and I, not wishing to undergo a
+thing so suggestive, was quietly moving off. But he called out, "Where
+is my partner?" and came to me, looking so jaded after his long
+nightmarch that his farewell made me rather serious. In half an hour he
+was dead. As he was going with his gun into position a case-shot
+exploded close to him and three balls passed through his body, any one
+of which would have been fatal.</p>
+
+<p>Two other members of the battery, Henry Foutz and J. S. Agnor, were also
+killed in this engagement. The position was a trying one. Two batteries
+had already suffered severely while occupying it, and the cannoneers of
+a third battery were lying inactive by their guns as ours came into it.
+But in less than an hour thereafter the enemy's guns were outmatched;
+at any rate, ceased firing. General Hoke, who had witnessed the whole
+affair, came and asked Major Latimer to introduce him to Captain Graham,
+saying he wanted to know the man whose guns could do such execution.
+About noon my section joined the others a short distance in rear of this
+place on the hills overlooking Fredericksburg.</p>
+
+<p>Soon after we had gotten together, the bodies of our dead comrades were
+brought from the places at which they had fallen, and William Bolling,
+Berkeley Minor and myself, messmates of Stuart, were detailed to bury
+him. His body was taken in our battery ambulance, which we accompanied,
+to the Marye family cemetery near our old camp, and permission gotten to
+bury it there. If I was ever utterly miserable, it was on this Sunday
+afternoon as we stood, after we had dug the grave, in this quiet place,
+surrounded by a dense hedge of cedar, the ground and tombstones
+overgrown with moss and ivy, and a stillness as deep as if no war
+existed. Just at this time there came timidly through the hedge, like an
+apparition, the figure of a woman. She proved to be Mrs. Marye; and,
+during the battle, which had now continued four days, she had been
+seeking shelter from the enemy's shells in the cellar of her house. She
+had come to get a lock of Stuart's hair for his mother, and her
+presence, now added to that of our ambulance driver, as Minor read the
+Episcopal burial service, made the occasion painfully solemn. In less
+than an hour we were again with the battery and in line of battle with
+the whole of our battalion, twenty guns, all of which opened
+simultaneously on what appeared to be a column of artillery moving
+through the woods in our front. However, it proved to be a train of
+wagons, some of which were overturned and secured by us the next day.</p>
+
+<p>Here we lay during the night with guns unlimbered near Gen. "Extra
+Billy" Smith's brigade of infantry. Next afternoon we had a fine view of
+a charge by Early's division, with Brigadier-Generals Gordon and Hoke
+riding to and fro along their lines and the division driving the
+Federals from their position along the crest of the hill. The greater
+portion of the enemy's killed and wounded were left in our hands. Many
+of the latter with whom we talked were heartily sick of the war and
+longed for the expiration of their term of service. This series of
+battles, continuing, as it did, at intervals for a week, was not yet
+done with.</p>
+
+<p>After dark our battery was ordered to move down toward Fredericksburg
+and occupy some earthworks just outside of the town. We had been well in
+range of the siege-guns already, but now the only hope was that they
+would overshoot us. As I was on guard that night I had ample time, while
+pacing the breastworks, for cogitation. I heard distinctly the barking
+of the dogs and the clocks striking the hours during the night. When
+morning came, a dense fog had settled along the river, entirely
+concealing us, and while it hung we were ordered to pull out quietly.</p>
+
+<p>Two hundred yards back from this place we came into clear sunlight and,
+as we turned, saw an immense balloon poised on the surface of the mist,
+and apparently near enough to have pierced it with a shell. Not a shot
+was fired at us&mdash;veiled, as we were, by the mist&mdash;until we had gotten
+still farther away, but then some enormous projectiles landed around us.</p>
+
+<p>A question that would naturally present itself to one who had heard of
+the repeated victories won by the Confederate army would be, "Why were
+no decisive results?" By carefully studying the history of the war, the
+inquirer could not fail to notice that at every crisis either some
+flagrant failure on the part of a subordinate to execute the duty
+assigned to him occurred, or that some untoward accident befell the
+Confederate arms. Conspicuous among the latter was Jackson's fall at
+Chancellorsville.</p>
+
+<p>That General Hooker seemed entirely ignorant of the proximity of General
+Lee's army was disclosed by the discovery, by General Fitz Lee, that the
+right flank of the Federal army was totally unguarded.</p>
+
+<p>General Jackson, when informed of this, proceeded by a rapid march to
+throw his corps well to the right and rear of this exposed wing, and by
+this unexpected onset threw that portion of Hooker's army into the
+utmost confusion and disorder. Falling night for a time checked his
+advance, but, while making dispositions to push the advantage gained,
+so as to envelope his adversary, he passed, with his staff, outside of
+his picket line, and when returning to re-enter was mortally wounded by
+his own men.</p>
+
+<p>This May 4 closed the great effort of General Hooker, with 132,000 men,
+to "crush" General Lee's army of 47,000. The two last of the six days of
+his experience in the effort probably made him thankful that the loss of
+20,000 of his force had been no greater.</p>
+
+<p>The mortal wounding of Jackson and his death on the tenth more than
+offset the advantage of the victory to the Confederates. His loss was
+deplored by the whole army, especially by General Lee, and to his
+absence in later battles, conspicuously at Gettysburg, was our failure
+to succeed attributed. In fact General Lee said to a friend, after the
+war, that with Jackson at Gettysburg our success would have been
+assured&mdash;a feeling that was entertained throughout the army.</p>
+
+<p>On the evening of the fifth, rain, which seemed invariably to follow a
+great battle, fell in torrents and we went into camp drenched to the
+skin. After drying by a fire, I went to bed and slept for eighteen
+hours. Being in our old position on the hill, we converted it into a
+camp and there remained.</p>
+
+<p>On that portion of the great plain which extended along the railroad on
+our right we witnessed a grand review of Jackson's old corps, now
+commanded by General Ewell. The three divisions, commanded,
+respectively, by Generals Ed. Johnson, Rodes and Early, were drawn up
+one behind the other, with a space of seventy-five yards between, and
+General Lee, mounted on "Traveler" and attended by a full staff and
+numerous generals, at a sweeping gallop, made first a circuit of the
+entire corps, then in front and rear of each division. One by one his
+attendants dropped out of the cavalcade. Gen. Ed. Johnson escaped a fall
+from his horse by being caught by one of his staff. Early soon pulled
+out, followed at intervals by others; but the tireless gray, as with
+superb ease and even strides he swept back and forth, making the turns
+as his rider's body inclined to right or left, absorbed attention. The
+distance covered was nine miles, at the end of which General Lee drew
+rein with only one of his staff and Gen. A. P. Hill at his side. Such
+spectacles were to us extremely rare, and this one was especially well
+timed, affording the troops, as it did, an opportunity to see that they
+were still formidable in number, and although Jackson was dead that the
+soul of the army had not passed away.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XXI" id="CHAPTER_XXI"></a>CHAPTER XXI</h2>
+
+<h3>OPENING OF CAMPAIGN OF 1863&mdash;CROSSING TO THE VALLEY&mdash;BATTLE AT
+WINCHESTER WITH MILROY&mdash;CROSSING THE POTOMAC</h3>
+
+
+<p>The indications of another campaign were now not wanting, but what shape
+it would take caused curious speculation; that is, among those whose
+duty was only to execute. Longstreet had been recalled from the Virginia
+Peninsula; Hooker's hosts again lined the Stafford Heights across the
+Rappahannock. At evening we listened to the music of their bands, at
+night could see the glow of their camp-fires for miles around. On June
+2, Ewell's corps first broke camp, followed in a day or two by
+Longstreet's, while A. P. Hill's remained at Fredericksburg to observe
+the movements of Hooker. On the eighth we reached Culpeper, where we
+remained during the ninth, awaiting the result of the greatest and most
+stubbornly contested cavalry engagement of the war, which continued
+throughout the day in our hearing&mdash;at Brandy Station. The Federals
+having been driven across the river, our march was resumed on the tenth.</p>
+
+<p>On the following day we heard, at first indistinctly, toward the front
+of the column continued cheering. Following on, it grew louder and
+louder. We reached the foot of a long ascent, from the summit of which
+the shout went up, but were at a loss to know what called it forth.
+Arriving there, there loomed up before us the old Blue Ridge, and we,
+too, joined in the chorus. Moving on with renewed life, the continued
+greeting of those following was heard as eye after eye took in its
+familiar face. We had thought that the love for these old mountains was
+peculiar to us who had grown up among them; but the cheer of the Creoles
+who had been with us under Jackson was as hearty as our own.</p>
+
+<p>We passed through Little Washington, thence by Chester Gap to Front
+Royal, the first of our old battlegrounds in the Valley, having left
+Longstreet's and Hill's corps on the east side of the mountain. At
+Winchester, as usual, was a force of the enemy under our former
+acquaintance, General Milroy. Without interruption we were soon in his
+vicinity. Nearly two days were consumed in feeling his strength and
+position. Our battery was posted on a commanding hill north of the town,
+the top of which was already furrowed with solid shot and shells to
+familiarize the enemy with its range. Our battery now consisted of two
+twenty-pound Parrott, and two brand-new English Blakeley guns, to one of
+which I belonged. And a singular coincidence it was that in putting in
+the first charge my gun was choked, the same thing having occurred on
+the same field a year before, being the only times it happened during
+the war. I went immediately to the third piece and took the place of No.
+1.</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<img src="images/illus11.jpg" alt="Friend"  />
+<a id="illus11" name="illus11"></a>
+</p>
+<p class='center'> B. C. M. Friend</p>
+
+<p>The battle had now begun, the enemy firing at us from a strongly
+fortified fort near the town. Their target practice was no criterion of
+their shooting when being shot at, as not one of us was even wounded.
+While the battle was in progress we had a repetition of the race at
+Fredericksburg when there dashed from the Federal fort three artillery
+horses, which came at full speed over the mile between us, appearing and
+disappearing from view. On reaching the battery they were caught, and
+one of them, which we named "Milroy," was driven by James Lewis at the
+wheel of my gun, and restored with "Sedgwick" to his old associates at
+Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Night put a stop to hostilities, and the next day, until late in the
+afternoon, we passed inactively. Then Hayes's Louisiana Brigade,
+formerly commanded by Gen. Dick Taylor, formed in our front and,
+charging with the old yell, captured the fort. After night I found two
+members of our company in possession of a little mule, equipped with
+saddle and bridle, supposed to be a United States animal. They said they
+were afraid of mules, and turned him over to me. I forthwith mounted,
+and passed an hour pleasantly, riding around. As I once heard a little
+negro say, "I went everywhar I knowed, an' everywhar I didn't know I
+come back." I felt now that I had a mount for the campaign, but next
+morning one of the Richmond Howitzers claimed the mule and identified it
+as his.</p>
+
+<p>The bulk of Milroy's force escaped during the night, but we captured
+four thousand prisoners, twenty-eight pieces of artillery, and hundreds
+of wagons and horses, and equipped ourselves, as we had done in 1862, at
+the expense of Banks. For our two recently acquired English Blakeley
+guns we substituted two twenty-pound Parrotts, giving us four guns of
+the same caliber. On the thirteenth we crossed the Potomac at
+Shepherdstown, thence by way of Hagerstown, Maryland, to Greencastle,
+Pennsylvania, the first live Yankee town we had visited in war times.
+Many of the stores were open and full of goods, but as they refused to
+take Confederate money, and we were forbidden to plunder, we passed on,
+feeling aggrieved, and went into camp a few miles beyond.</p>
+
+<p>Having a curiosity to test the resources and hospitality of this
+abundant country, I set out from camp, with two companions, for this
+purpose. A walk of a mile brought us to the house of a widow with three
+pretty daughters. They told us they had been feeding many of our
+soldiers and could give us only some milk, which they served, as seemed
+to be the custom of the country, in large bowls. They said they did not
+dislike rebels, and if we would go on to Washington and kill Lincoln,
+and end the war, they would rejoice. Proceeding farther, we stopped at
+a substantial brick house and were silently ushered into a large room,
+in the far end of which sat the head of the house, in clean white
+shirt-sleeves but otherwise dressed for company, his hat on and his feet
+as high as his head against the wall, smoking a cigar. At the other end
+of the room the rest of the family were at supper, of which we were
+perfunctorily asked by the mistress to partake. A very aged lady, at a
+corner of the table, without speaking or raising her eyes, chewed
+apparently the same mouthful during our stay&mdash;one of our party
+suggested, "perhaps her tongue." The table was thickly covered with
+saucers of preserves, pickles, radishes, onions, cheese, etc. The man of
+the house did not turn his head nor speak a word during our stay, which
+was naturally over with the meal.</p>
+
+<p>We returned to the battalion about sunset, encamped in a clean, grassy
+enclosure, the horses enjoying their bountiful food, the men in gay
+spirits, and the regimental bands playing lively airs. Shortly after our
+return, there occurred an incident which lent additional interest to the
+occasion.</p>
+
+<p>No one at all familiar with the Rockbridge Artillery will fail to
+remember Merrick. A lawyer and native of Hagerstown, Maryland, having
+been educated abroad, he was an accomplished scholar and a fine
+musician, with a stock of Irish and other songs which he sang admirably.
+In person he was very slender, over six feet in height, with a long
+neck, prominent nose, and very thin hair and whiskers. Cut off from
+home and being utterly improvident, he was entirely dependent on
+quartermaster's goods for his apparel, and when clothing was issued his
+forlorn and ragged appearance hushed every claim by others who might
+have had precedence. This Confederate clothing, like the rations, was
+very short, so that Merrick's pantaloons and jacket failed to meet, by
+several inches, the intervening space showing a very soiled cotton
+shirt. With the garments mentioned&mdash;a gray cap, rusty shoes and socks,
+and, in winter, half the tail of his overcoat burnt off&mdash;his costume is
+described.</p>
+
+<p>Indifference to his appearance extended also to danger, and when a
+battle was on hand so was Merrick. Before crossing the Potomac he
+disappeared from the command a perfect-looking vagabond, and now as we
+were reveling in this bountiful country there rolled into our midst a
+handsome equipage drawn by two stylish horses. When the door was opened
+out stepped Merrick, handsomely dressed in citizen's clothes, and handed
+out two distinguished-looking gentlemen, to whom he introduced us. Then,
+in the language of Dick Swiveler, "he passed around the rosy"; and all
+taking a pull, our enthusiasm for Merrick mounted high.</p>
+
+<p>Our march under Ewell had been admirably conducted. We were always on
+the road at an early hour, and, without hurry or the usual halts caused
+by troops crowding on one another, we made good distances each day and
+were in camp by sunset. I never before or afterward saw the men so
+buoyant. There was no demonstration, but a quiet undercurrent of
+confidence that they were there to conquer. The horses, too, invigorated
+by abundant food, carried higher heads and pulled with firmer tread.</p>
+
+<p>Our march from Greencastle was through Chambersburg and Shippensburg,
+and when within eight or ten miles of Carlisle we passed through one or
+two hundred Pennsylvania militia in new Federal uniforms, who had just
+been captured and paroled. Before reaching Carlisle we very unexpectedly
+(to us) countermarched, and found the militiamen at the same place, but
+almost all of them barefooted, their shoes and stockings having been
+appropriated by needy rebels. As we first saw them they were greatly
+crestfallen, but after losing their footgear all spirit seemed to have
+gone out of them. They lingered, it may be, in anticipation of the
+greetings when met by wives and little ones at home, after having
+sallied forth so valiantly in their defense. How embarrassing bare feet
+would be instead of the expected trophies of war! Imagine a young
+fellow, too, meeting his sweetheart! That they kept each other company
+to the last moment, managed to reach home after night, and ate between
+meals for some days, we may be sure.</p>
+
+<p>Before reaching Chambersburg we took a road to the left, in the
+direction of Gettysburg. To give an idea of the change in our diet since
+leaving Dixie, I give the bill-of-fare of a breakfast my mess enjoyed
+while on this road: Real coffee and sugar, light bread, biscuits with
+lard in them, butter, apple-butter, a fine dish of fried chicken, and a
+quarter of roast lamb!</p>
+
+<p>On the morning of July 1 we passed through a division of Longstreet's
+corps bivouacked in a piece of woods. Our road lay across a high range
+of hills, from beyond which the sound of cannonading greeted us. By
+three o'clock that afternoon, when we reached the summit of the hills,
+the firing ahead had developed into the roar of a battle, and we pushed
+forward on the down-grade. The valley below, through which we passed,
+was thickly settled, and soon we began to meet prisoners and our
+wounded, whose numbers rapidly increased as we advanced, and at the same
+pump by the roadside we frequently saw a group of Federal and
+Confederate soldiers having their wounds bathed and dressed by Northern
+women, kind alike to friend and foe. When we reached the field, about
+sundown, the battle was over. This was July 1 and the first of the three
+days of terrific fighting which constituted the battle of Gettysburg.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XXII" id="CHAPTER_XXII"></a>CHAPTER XXII</h2>
+
+<h3>ON THE WAY TO GETTYSBURG&mdash;BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG&mdash;RETREAT</h3>
+
+
+<p>Before proceeding farther let us consider briefly the condition of the
+two armies, and which had the better grounds to hope for success in the
+great conflict now impending. With the exception of one&mdash;Sharpsburg&mdash;which
+was a drawn battle, the Confederates had been victorious in every general
+engagement up to this time. Scant rations, deprivation, and hardships of
+every kind had made them tired of the war; and the recent abundance had not
+only put them in better fighting condition than ever before, but made them
+long to enjoy it permanently at home.</p>
+
+<p>The Federal army had changed commanders after every defeat, and the
+present one&mdash;General Meade&mdash;who had just been appointed, was not an
+officer to inspire special confidence. With all this in favor of the
+Southerners, all else seemed to conspire against them. On the morning of
+June 30, the day before the battle, Pickett's division was at
+Chambersburg, thirty miles from Gettysburg; Hood's and McLaw's (the
+other two divisions of Longstreet's corps) fifteen miles nearer
+Gettysburg; Hill's corps at Cashtown, nine miles from Gettysburg;
+Rodes's division of Ewell's corps at Carlisle, thirty miles distant;
+Johnson's at Greenville, and Early's near York. General Early levied for
+and obtained from the city of York several thousand pairs of shoes and
+socks and a less number of hats for his men, and $26,000 in money.</p>
+
+<p>The different portions of the Federal army at this time were spread out
+over a large area, south and east of Gettysburg. To the absence of our
+cavalry, whose whereabouts since crossing the Potomac had not even been
+known by General Lee, was due the ignorance as to the location of the
+Federals, causing loss of time and the employment of other troops to do
+what the cavalry should have done. It is generally conceded that until
+they found themselves face to face the commander of neither army
+expected or desired this locality to be the battleground. And when we
+consider the fact that armies have been known to maneuver for weeks for
+a vantage ground on which to give battle, we can realize the importance
+of this seeming accident, which sealed the doom of the Confederacy. For
+if the whole State of Pennsylvania had been gone over, it is probable
+that no other place could have been found which afforded such advantages
+as did this to the Northern army.</p>
+
+<p>Early's division had passed it several days before on his way to York,
+and Pettigrew's brigade of Hill's corps on July 1, while approaching in
+search of shoes for his men, encountered Buford's Federal cavalry,
+precipitating the first day's conflict, in which Hill's corps, Rodes's
+and Early's divisions captured 5,000 prisoners and drove the Federals
+through the town to the heights beyond. Our battalion of artillery, soon
+after dark, passed southward through the outskirts of the town with
+Early's division and bivouacked for the night. By dawn of the following
+day (July 2) sufficient of the Federal army had arrived to occupy and
+fortify the heights. From where our battery was posted, a mile east of
+the town, we had in full view the end of Cemetery Hill, with an arched
+gateway for an entrance. To the left of it and joined by a depressed
+ridge was Culp's Hill, steep and rugged as a mountain, all now held and
+fortified by the enemy. Jackson's old division, now commanded by Gen.
+Ed. Johnson, having arrived late in the night, formed at the base of
+Culp's Hill, and before an hour of daylight had elapsed had stirred up a
+hornets' nest in their front.</p>
+
+<p>I must mention an incident that occurred during this forenoon quite
+interesting to myself. As we were standing by our guns, not yet having
+fired a shot, General Ewell and his staff came riding by, and
+Lieut.-Col. Sandy Pendleton, his adjutant, rode out from among them and
+handed me two letters. To receive two letters in the army at any time
+was an event, but here, away in the enemy's country, in the face of
+their frowning guns, for them to have come so far and then be delivered
+at the hands of the General and his staff was quite something. One of
+the letters I recognized as being from my mother, the other aroused my
+curiosity. The envelope, directed in a feminine hand, was very neat, but
+the end had been burned off and the contents were held in place by a
+narrow red ribbon daintily tied. In so conspicuous a place, with a
+battle on, I could not trust myself to open my treasures. It was near
+night before a suitable time came, and my billet-doux contained the
+following:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>You are cordially invited to be present at the Commencement
+Exercises of the &mdash;&mdash;Female Seminary, on the evening of July 3d,
+1863, at eight o'clock</i> <span class="smcap">P. M.</span><br /> <i>Compliments of Gertrude &mdash;&mdash;.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>My feelings were inexpressible. How I longed to be there! To think of
+such a place of quiet and peace as compared with my surroundings on this
+bloody battlefield!</p>
+
+<p>But to return to the serious features of the day. With the exception of
+the steady musketry firing by Johnson's men on Culp's Hill, the day
+passed quietly until nearly four o'clock. At this time Andrews's
+battalion of artillery, led by Major Latimer, passed in front of us and
+went into position two hundred yards to our left, and nearer the enemy.
+The ground sloped so as to give us a perfect view of his four
+batteries. Promptly other batteries joined those confronting us on
+Cemetery Hill, and by the time Latimer's guns were unlimbered the guns
+on both sides were thundering.</p>
+
+<p>In less than five minutes one of Latimer's caissons was exploded, which
+called forth a lusty cheer from the enemy. In five minutes more a
+Federal caisson was blown up, which brought forth a louder cheer from
+us. In this action Latimer's batteries suffered fearfully, the Alleghany
+Roughs alone losing twenty-seven men killed and wounded. Only one or two
+were wounded in our battery, the proximity of Latimer's guns drawing the
+fire to them. Near the close of the engagement, Latimer, who was a
+graduate of the Virginia Military Institute, a mere youth in appearance,
+was killed.</p>
+
+<p>The artillery contest was a small part of the afternoon's work. One of
+Johnson's brigades, after capturing breastworks and prisoners on Culp's
+Hill, pushed nearly to General Meade's headquarters. Rodes, usually so
+prompt, was occupying the town and failed to attack till late, and then
+with but two of his four brigades; but they charged over three lines of
+breastworks and captured several pieces of artillery, which had to be
+abandoned for want of support. Sickles's corps, having occupied the two
+"Round Tops" on the extreme left of the Federal line, advanced on
+Longstreet, and at four <span class="smcap">P. M.</span> the two lines met in the
+celebrated "Peach Orchard," and from that time until night fought
+furiously, the Federals being driven back to their original ground.</p>
+
+<p>At the close of the second day the Confederates had gained ground on the
+right and left, and captured some artillery, but still nothing decisive.
+Another night passed, and the third and last day dawned on two anxious
+armies. Pickett, after a mysterious delay of twenty-four hours, arrived
+during the forenoon and became the left of Longstreet's corps. At twelve
+o'clock word was passed along our lines that when two signal-guns were
+heard, followed by heavy firing, to open vigorously with our guns. There
+was no mistaking when that time came, and we joined with the three
+hundred guns that made the firing. For an hour or more a crash and roar
+of artillery continued that rolled and reverberated above, and made the
+earth under us tremble. When it began there was great commotion among
+the enemy's batteries in our front, some of which limbered up and
+galloped along the crest of Cemetery Hill, but soon returned and renewed
+their fire on us.</p>
+
+<p>So far they had failed to do our battery any serious harm, but now each
+volley of their shells came closer and closer. At this time my attention
+was attracted to the second piece, a few paces to our left, and I saw a
+shell plow into the ground under Lieutenant Brown's feet and explode. It
+tore a large hole, into which Brown sank, enveloped as he fell in smoke
+and dust. In an instant another shell burst at the trail of my gun,
+tearing the front half of Tom Williamson's shoe off, and wounding him
+sorely. A piece of it also broke James Ford's leg, besides cutting off
+the fore leg of Captain Graham's horse. Ford was holding the lead-horses
+of the limber, and, as they wheeled to run, their bridles were seized by
+Rader, a shell struck the horse nearest to him, and, exploding at the
+instant, killed all four of the lead-horses and stunned Rader. These
+same horses and this driver had very nearly a similar experience (though
+not so fatal) at Sharpsburg a year before, as already described. Sam
+Wilson, another member of our detachment, was also painfully wounded and
+knocked down by the same shell.</p>
+
+<p>This artillery bombardment was the prelude to Pickett's charge, which
+took place on the opposite side of Cemetery Hill, and out of our view.
+Culp's Hill, since the early morning previous, had been enveloped in a
+veil of smoke from Johnson's muskets, which had scarcely had time to
+cool during the thirty-six hours.</p>
+
+<p>The men of the Fourth Virginia Regiment had been gradually and steadily
+advancing from boulder to boulder, until they were almost under the
+enemy's fortifications along the crest of the ridge. To proceed farther
+was physically impossible, to retreat was almost certain death. So, of
+the College company alone, one of whom had already been killed and many
+wounded, sixteen, including Captain Strickler, were captured. To John
+McKee, of this company, a stalwart Irish Federal said as he reached out
+to pull him up over the breastworks, "Gim-me your hand, Johnny Reb;
+you've give' us the bulliest fight of the war!"</p>
+
+<p>Lieutenant "Cush" Jones determined to run the gauntlet for escape, and
+as he darted away the point of his scabbard struck a stone, and throwing
+it inverted above his head, lost out his handsome sword. Three bullets
+passed through his clothing in his flight, and the boulder behind which
+he next took refuge was peppered by others. Here, also, my former
+messmate, George Bedinger, now captain of a company in the Thirty-third
+Virginia Regiment, was killed, leading his "Greeks," as he called his
+men.</p>
+
+<p>About nine o'clock that evening, and before we had moved from our
+position, I received a message, through Captain Graham, from some of the
+wounded of our company, to go to them at their field-hospital. Following
+the messenger, I found them in charge of our surgeon, Dr. Herndon,
+occupying a neat brick cottage a mile in the rear, from which the owners
+had fled, leaving a well-stocked larder, and from it we refreshed
+ourselves most gratefully. Toward midnight orders came to move. The
+ambulances were driven to the door and, after the wounded, some eight or
+ten in number, had been assisted into them, I added from the stores in
+the house a bucket of lard, a crock of butter, a jar of apple-butter, a
+ham, a middling of bacon, and a side of sole-leather. All for the
+wounded!</p>
+
+<p>Feeling assured that we would not tarry much longer in Pennsylvania, and
+expecting to reach the battery before my services would be needed, I
+set out with the ambulances. We moved on until daylight and joined the
+wounded of the other batteries of our battalion, and soon after left, at
+a house by the wayside, a member of the Richmond Howitzers who was
+dying. Our course was along a by-road in the direction of Hagerstown. In
+the afternoon, after joining the wagon-train, I found "Joe," the colored
+cook of my mess, in possession of a supernumerary battery-horse, which I
+appropriated and mounted. Our column now consisted of ambulances loaded
+with wounded men, wounded men on foot, cows, bulls, quartermasters,
+portable forges, surgeons, cooks, and camp-followers in general, all
+plodding gloomily along through the falling rain.</p>
+
+<p>We arrived at the base of the mountain about five <span class="smcap">P. M.</span> and
+began ascending by a narrow road, leading obliquely to the left. Before
+proceeding farther some description of the horse I was riding is
+appropriate, as he proved an important factor in my experiences before
+the night was over. He was the tallest horse I ever saw outside of a
+show, with a very short back and exceedingly long legs, which he handled
+peculiarly, going several gaits at one time. Many a cannoneer had sought
+rest on his back on the march, but none had ventured on so high a perch
+when going into battle. When half-way up the mountain we heard to our
+left oblique the distant mutter of a cannon, then in a few moments the
+sound was repeated, but we thought it was safely out of our course and
+felt correspondingly comfortable. At intervals the report of that gun
+was heard again and again. About dusk we reached the top of the
+mountain, after many, many halts, and the sound of that cannon became
+more emphatic.</p>
+
+<p>After descending a few hundred yards there came from a bridle-path on
+our left, just as I passed it, three cavalry horses with empty saddles.
+This was rather ominous. The halts in the mixed column were now
+frequent, darkness having set in, and we had but little to say. That
+cannon had moved more to our front, and our road bore still more to
+where it was thundering. We were now almost at the foot of the mountain,
+and to the left, nearer our front, were scattering musket-shots. Our
+halts were still short and frequent, and in the deep shadow of the
+mountain it was pitch-dark. All of this time I had not a particle of
+confidence in my horse. I could not tell what was before me in the dense
+darkness, whether friend or foe, but suddenly, after pausing an instant,
+he dashed forward. For fifty or seventy-five yards every other sound was
+drowned by a roaring waterfall on my right; then, emerging from its
+noise, I was carried at a fearful rate close by dismounted men who were
+firing from behind trees along the roadside, the flashes of their guns,
+"whose speedy gleams the darkness swallowed," revealing me on my tall
+horse with his head up. He must see safety ahead, and I let him fly.</p>
+
+<p>A hundred yards farther on our road joined the main pike at an acute
+angle, and entering it he swept on. Then, just behind me, a Federal
+cannon was discharged. The charge of canister tore through the brush on
+either side, and over and under me, and at the same instant my steed's
+hind leg gave way, and my heart sank with it. If struck at all, he
+immediately rallied and outran himself as well as his competitors. After
+getting out of the range of the firing and the shadow of the mountain, I
+saw indistinctly our cavalrymen along the side of the road, and we
+bantered each other as I passed.</p>
+
+<p>Farther on, at a toll-gate, I heard the voice of Tom Williamson. His
+ambulance had broken down and he was being assisted toward the house. I
+drew rein, but thought, "How can I help him? This horse must be
+well-nigh done for," and rode on. Since reaching the foot of the
+mountain the way had been open and everything on it moving for life. But
+again the road was full, and approaching clatter, with the sharp reports
+of pistols, brought on another rush, and away we went&mdash;wagons, wounded
+men, negroes, forges, ambulances, cavalry&mdash;everything.</p>
+
+<p>This in time subsided and, feeling ashamed, I turned back to look after
+my wounded, my horse as reluctant as myself, and expecting every moment
+the sound of the coming foe. A sudden snort and the timid step of my
+nervous steed warned me of breakers ahead. Peering through the darkness
+I saw coming toward me, noiseless and swift as the wind, an object
+white as the driven snow. "What," I asked myself, "are ghosts abroad,
+and in such a place? Is Gettysburg giving up her dead so soon?" But, as
+the thing met me, a voice cried out, "Is that you, Ned? Is that you?
+Take me on your horse. Let me get in the saddle and you behind." For a
+moment I was dumb, and wished it wasn't I. The voice was the voice of
+Lieutenant Brown, the same whom I had seen undermined by the shell at
+Gettysburg, and who had not put a foot to the ground until now.
+Barefooted, bareheaded; nothing on but drawers and shirt&mdash;white as a
+shroud! The prospect that now confronted me instantly flashed through my
+mind. First, "Can this horse carry two?" Then I pictured myself with
+such a looking object in my embrace, and with nothing with which to
+conceal him. There were settlements ahead, daylight was approaching, and
+what a figure we would cut! It was too much for me, and I said, "No, get
+on behind," feeling that the specter might retard the pursuing foe. But
+my tall horse solved the difficulty. Withdrawing my foot from the
+stirrup, Brown would put his in and try to climb up, when suddenly the
+horse would "swap ends," and down he'd go. Again he would try and almost
+make it, and the horse not wheeling quickly enough I would give him the
+hint with my "off" heel. My relief can be imagined when an ambulance
+arrived and took Brown in. I accompanied him for a short distance, then
+quickened my pace and overtook the train. Presently another clatter
+behind and the popping of pistols. Riding at my side was a horseman,
+and by the flash of his pistol I saw it pointing to the ground at our
+horses' feet.</p>
+
+<p>Reaching the foot of a hill, my horse stumbled and fell as if to rise no
+more. I expected to be instantly trampled out of sight. I heard a groan,
+but not where the horse's head should have been. Resting my feet on the
+ground, thus relieving him of my weight, he got his head from under him
+and floundered forward, then to his feet and away. Farther on, a swift
+horse without a rider was dashing by me. I seized what I supposed to be
+his bridle-rein, but it proved to be the strap on the saddle-bow, and
+the pull I gave came near unhorsing me.</p>
+
+<p>The pursuit continued no farther. Not having slept for two days and
+nights, I could not keep awake, and my game old horse, now wearied out,
+would stagger heedlessly against the wheels of moving wagons. Just at
+dawn of day, in company with a few horsemen of our battalion, I rode
+through the quiet streets of Hagerstown, thence seven miles to
+Williamsport.</p>
+
+<p>The wounded of our battalion had all been captured. A few, however, were
+not carried off, but left until our army came up. Some of the cooks,
+etc., escaped by dodging into the brush, but many a good horse and rider
+had been run down and taken. At Williamsport I exchanged horses with an
+infantryman while he was lying asleep on a porch, and had completed the
+transaction before he was sufficiently awake to remonstrate.</p>
+
+<p>We were now entirely cut off from our army, and with what of the wagons,
+etc., that remained were at the mercy of the enemy, as the Potomac was
+swollen to a depth of twenty feet where I had waded a year before. Most
+of the horses had to be <i>swum over</i>, as there was little room in the
+ferry-boats for them. The river was so high that this was very
+dangerous, and only expert swimmers dared to undertake it. Twenty
+dollars was paid for swimming a horse over, and I saw numbers swept down
+by the current and landed hundreds of yards below, many on the side from
+which they had started. I crossed in a ferry-boat on my recently
+acquired horse, having left my faithful old charger, his head encased in
+mud to the tips of his ears, with mingled feelings of sadness and
+gratitude.</p>
+
+<p>A great curiosity to understand this battle and battlefield induced me
+to visit it at the first opportunity, and in 1887, twenty-four years
+after it was fought, I, with Colonel Poague, gladly accepted an
+invitation from the survivors of Pickett's division to go with them to
+Gettysburg, whither they had been invited to meet the Philadelphia
+Brigade, as their guests, and go over the battlefield together. After
+our arrival there, in company with two officers of the Philadelphia
+Brigade, one of Pickett's men and an intelligent guide, I drove over the
+field. As a part of our entertainment we saw the Pickett men formed on
+the same ground and in the same order in which they had advanced to the
+charge. Farther on we saw the superb monuments, marking the location
+of the different Federal regiments, presenting the appearance of a vast
+cemetery. The position held by the Federals for defense was perfect. Its
+extent required the whole of the Confederate army present to occupy the
+one line they first adopted, with no troops to spare for flanking. Its
+shape, somewhat like a fish-hook, enabled the Federal army to reinforce
+promptly any part that was even threatened. Its terrain was such that
+the only ground sufficiently smooth for an enemy to advance on, that in
+front of its center, was exposed throughout, not only to missiles from
+its front, but could be raked from the heights on its left. And, in
+addition to all this, the whole face of the country, when the battle was
+fought, was closely intersected with post and rail and stone fences.</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<img src="images/illus12.jpg" alt="Moore"  />
+<a id="illus12" name="illus12"></a>
+</p>
+<p class='center'> <span class="smcap">Edward A. Moore</span><br />
+(February 1907)</p>
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XXIII" id="CHAPTER_XXIII"></a>CHAPTER XXIII</h2>
+
+<h3>AT "THE BOWER"&mdash;RETURN TO ORANGE COUNTY, VIRGINIA&mdash;BLUE RUN
+CHURCH&mdash;BRISTOW STATION&mdash;RAPPAHANNOCK BRIDGE&mdash;SUPPLEMENTING CAMP RATIONS</h3>
+
+
+<p>To return to my retreat from Gettysburg. The clothes that I wore were
+all that I now possessed. My blanket, extra wearing apparel, lard,
+apple-butter, sole-leather, etc., with the wounded, were in the hands of
+the Federals. Being completely cut off from our army, I set out for
+Winchester. Near Martinsburg I passed the night sleeping on the
+ground&mdash;my first sleep in sixty hours&mdash;and reached Winchester the
+following day. In a day or two, thinking our army had probably reached
+the Potomac, I turned back to join it. On my way thither I called at
+"The Bower," the home of my messmate, Steve Dandridge. This was a
+favorite resort of Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, where, accompanied by the
+celebrated banjoist, Joe Sweeny, merry nights were passed with song and
+dance. I was overwhelmed with kindness by Mr. and Mrs. Dandridge, their
+daughters and nieces. They would not hear of my leaving; at any rate,
+until they had time to make me some undergarments. In the afternoon I
+accompanied the young ladies to the fields blackberrying, and had some
+jolly laughs. They felt that a Confederate soldier should be treated
+like a king, that he must be worn out with marching and fighting. They
+insisted on my sitting in the shade while they gathered and brought me
+the choicest berries, and actually wanted to let the fences down, to
+save me the effort of climbing. At that time I weighed one hundred and
+ninety pounds, was in vigorous health and strength, tough as hickory,
+and could go over or through a Virginia rail fence as deftly as a mule.
+It was some days before our army could recross the Potomac, on account
+of high water. As I rode in, on my return to the battery, I was given a
+regular cheer, all thinking that I was probably, by that time, in Fort
+Delaware.</p>
+
+<p>Our wounded had been captured in Pennsylvania, except Tom Williamson,
+who was left at the toll-house and picked up as our battery came by. As
+he had become my bedfellow since Stuart's death, I was sent with him to
+Winchester, where I cared for him at the home of Mrs. Anne Magill.
+During my stay Randolph Tucker, a brother of Mrs. Magill, and Bishop
+Wilmer, of Alabama, were guests in the house, and Mr. Tucker kept the
+household alive with his songs and jokes. After a week or more in camp,
+near Bunker Hill, our despondent army passed through Winchester, thence
+by Front Royal across the Blue Ridge, and encamped for the remainder of
+the summer in Orange County, with men and horses greatly depleted in
+number and spirits.</p>
+
+<p>Our battery camped at Blue Run Church and near a field of corn. Roasting
+ears afforded the chief portion of our living. It was surprising to see
+how much, in addition to the army rations, a man could consume day after
+day, or rather night after night, with no especial alteration in his
+physique.</p>
+
+<p>Soup was a favorite dish, requiring, as it did, but one vessel for all
+the courses, and the more ingredients it contained, the more it was
+relished. Merrick claimed to be an adept in the culinary art, and
+proposed to several of us that if we would "club in" with him he would
+concoct a pot that would be food for the gods. He was to remain in camp,
+have the water boiling, and the meat sufficiently cooked by the time the
+others returned from their various rounds in search of provender. In due
+time, one after another, the foragers showed up, having been very
+successful in their acquisitions, which, according to Merrick's
+directions, were consigned to the pot. As some fresh contribution, which
+he regarded as especially savory, was added, Merrick's countenance would
+brighten up. At one time he sat quietly musing, then gave expression to
+his joy in an Irish ditty. His handsome suit of clothes, donned at
+Hagerstown, was now in tatters, which made his appearance the more
+ludicrous as he "cut the pigeon-wing" around the seething cauldron. He
+had particularly enjoined upon us, when starting out, to procure, at
+all hazards, some okra, which we failed to get, and, in naming aloud the
+various items, as each appeared on the surface of the water, he wound up
+his soliloquy with, "And now, Lord, for a little okra!"</p>
+
+<p>In September the army moved again toward Manassas, about seventy miles
+distant. When we arrived at Bristow, the next station south of Manassas,
+an engagement had just taken place, in which Gen. A. P. Hill had been
+disastrously outwitted by his adversary, General Warren, and the ground
+was still strewn with our dead. The Federals were drawn up in two lines
+of battle, the one in front being concealed in the railroad-cut, while
+the rear line, with skirmishers in front, stood in full view. The
+Confederates, unaware of the line in the cut, advanced to the attack
+without skirmishers and were terribly cut up by the front line, and
+driven back, with a loss of several pieces of artillery and scores of
+men. The delay caused by this unfortunate affair gave the Federal army
+ample time to withdraw at leisure. General Lee arrived on the scene just
+at the close of this affair and was asked, by General Hill, if he should
+pursue the then retreating Federals. He replied, "No, General Hill; all
+that can now be done is to bury your unfortunate dead."</p>
+
+<p>After this we returned to the west side of the Rappahannock and encamped
+at Pisgah Church, overlooking the plains about Brandy Station. As the
+war was prolonged, Confederate rations proportionately diminished, both
+in quantity and variety. Consequently, to escape the pangs of hunger,
+the few opportunities that presented themselves were gladly seized. In
+the absence of the sportsmen of peace times, game had become quite
+abundant, especially quail. But our "murmurings," if any there were, did
+not avail, as did those of the Israelites, "to fill the camp." I soon
+succeeded in getting an Enfield rifle, a gun not designed for such small
+game. By beating Minie-balls out flat, then cutting the plates into
+square blocks or slugs, I prepared my ammunition, and in the first
+eleven shots killed nine quail on the wing. I was shooting for the pot,
+and shot to kill.</p>
+
+<p>From this camp our battery was ordered to occupy a fort on the west side
+of the river, near Rappahannock Station. Immediately across the river
+Hayes's and Hoke's brigades of Early's division occupied a line of
+breastworks as a picket or outpost. A pontoon bridge (a bridge of
+boats), in place of the railroad bridge, which had been burned, served
+as a crossing. While a dozen or more of our battery were a mile in the
+rear of the fort, getting a supply of firewood, another member of the
+company came to us at a gallop, with orders to return as quickly as
+possible to the fort. On our arrival the indications of an attack from
+the enemy were very apparent. They must have anticipated immense
+slaughter, as no less than a hundred of their ambulances were plainly
+visible. About four <span class="smcap">P. M.</span> they opened on us with artillery, and
+from that time until sundown a spirited contest was kept up. While this
+was in progress their infantry advanced, but, after a brief but rapid
+fire of musketry, almost perfect quiet was restored.</p>
+
+<p>While working at my gun I received what I thought to be a violent kick
+on the calf of my leg, but, turning to discover whence the blow came,
+saw a Minie-ball spinning on the ground. It was very painful for a time,
+but did not interrupt my service at the gun. It was too dark for us to
+see what was going on across the river, but the sudden and complete
+stillness following the firing was very mysterious. While speculating
+among ourselves as to what it meant, a half-naked infantryman came
+almost breathless into our midst and announced that both brigades had
+been captured, he having escaped by swimming the river. One of our
+lieutenants refused to believe his statement and did the worthy fellow
+cruel injustice in accusing him of skulking. That his story was true
+soon became evident. Our situation was now extremely dangerous, as the
+Federals had only to cross on the pontoon bridge a hundred yards from
+the fort and "gobble us up." About nine o'clock General Early, with his
+other two brigades, arrived. After acquainting himself with the
+surrounding conditions, he asked our batterymen for a volunteer to burn
+the bridge. To accomplish this would involve extreme danger, as the
+moment a light was struck for the purpose a hundred shots could be
+expected from the opposite end, not more than seventy-five yards away.
+However, William Effinger, of Harrisonburg, Virginia, one of our
+cannoneers, promptly volunteered to undertake it; and soon had the
+bridge in flames, the enemy not firing a shot. For this gallant and
+daring act, Effinger, after a long time, received a lieutenant's
+commission and was assigned to another branch of the service.</p>
+
+<p>From this perilous situation we came off surprisingly well, but lost
+Robert Bell, of Winchester, Virginia. He was struck by a large piece of
+shell, which passed through his body. During the hour he survived, his
+companions who could leave their posts went to say good-by. He was a
+brave soldier and a modest, unassuming gentleman as well. The Federals,
+satisfied with the capture of the two celebrated brigades without loss
+to themselves, withdrew&mdash;and again we returned to the vicinity of Brandy
+Station.</p>
+
+<p>In an artillery company two sentinels are kept on post&mdash;one to see after
+the guns and ammunition, the other to catch and tie loose horses or
+extricate them when tangled in their halters, and the like. Merrick's
+name and mine, being together on the roll, we were frequently on guard
+at the same time, and, to while away the tedious hours of the night,
+would seek each other's company. Our turn came while in this camp one
+dark, chilly night; the rain falling fast and the wind moaning through
+the leafless woods. As we stood near a fitful fire, Merrick, apparently
+becoming oblivious of the dismal surroundings, began to sing. He played
+the r&ocirc;le of a lover serenading his sweetheart, opening with some lively
+air to attract her attention. The pattering of the rain he construed as
+her tread to the lattice; then poured forth his soul in deepest pathos
+(the progress of his suit being interpreted, aside, to me), and again
+fixed his gaze on the imaginary window. Each sound made by the storm he
+explained as some recognition: the creaking of a bent tree was the
+gentle opening of the casement, and the timely falling of a bough broken
+by the wind was a bouquet thrown to his eager grasp, over which he went
+into raptures. Whether the inspiration was due to a taste of some
+stimulant or to his recurring moods of intense imagination, I could not
+say, but the performance was genuinely artistic.</p>
+
+<p>During the last night of our sojourn in this camp I had another
+experience of as fully absorbing interest. A very tough piece of beef
+(instead of quail) for supper proved more than my digestive organs could
+stand. After retiring to my bunk several sleepless hours passed
+wrestling with my burden. About one o'clock, the struggle being over,
+with an intense feeling of comfort I was falling into a sound sleep when
+I heard, in the distance, the shrill note of a bugle, then another and
+another, as camp after camp was invaded by urgent couriers; then our own
+bugle took up the alarm and sounded the call to hitch up. Meantime,
+drums were rolling, till the hitherto stillness of night had become a
+din of noise. We packed up and pulled out through the woods in the dark,
+with gun No. 1, to which I belonged, the rear one of the battery. A
+small bridge, spanning a ditch about five feet deep, had been passed
+over safely by the other guns and caissons in front, but when my
+gun-carriage was midway on it the whole structure collapsed. The
+struggle the detachment of men and horses underwent during the rest of
+this night of travail constituted still another feature of the
+vicissitudes of "merry war." Fortunately for us, Lieut. Jack Jordan was
+in charge, and, as Rockbridge men can testify, any physical difficulty
+that could not be successfully overcome by a Jordan, where men and
+horses were involved, might well be despaired of.</p>
+
+<p>After reaching the Rapidan, a day was spent skirmishing with the enemy's
+artillery on the hills beyond. After which both sides withdrew&mdash;we to
+our former camps.</p>
+
+<p>A short time thereafter I called on my old friends of the College
+company, whom we seldom met since our severance from the Stonewall
+Brigade. Two of these college boys, Tedford Barclay and George Chapin,
+told me that a recent provision had been announced, to the effect that a
+commission would be granted to any private who should perform some act
+of conspicuous gallantry in battle, and they had each resolved to earn
+the offered reward, and to be privates no longer. They were tired of
+carrying muskets and cartridge-boxes; and, in the next fight, as they
+expressed it, they had determined to be "distinguished or extinguished."</p>
+
+<p>The determined manner with which it was said impressed me, so that I
+awaited results with interest. A fortnight had not elapsed before their
+opportunity came, and they proved true to their resolve. Under a galling
+fire their regiment hesitated to advance, when the two lads pushed to
+the front of the line of battle and climbed an intervening fence. Chapin
+was killed, and Barclay, who survives to this day, received for his
+daring courage the promised commission as lieutenant.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XXIV" id="CHAPTER_XXIV"></a>CHAPTER XXIV</h2>
+
+<h3>BATTLE OF MINE RUN&mdash;MARCH TO FREDERICK'S HALL&mdash;WINTER-QUARTERS&mdash;SOCIAL
+AFFAIRS&mdash;AGAIN TO THE FRONT&mdash;NARROW ESCAPE FROM CAPTURE BY GENERAL
+DAHLGREN&mdash;FURLOUGHS&mdash;CADETS RETURN FROM NEW MARKET&mdash;SPOTTSYLVANIA AND
+THE WILDERNESS&mdash;RETURN TO ARMY AT HANOVER JUNCTION&mdash;PANIC AT NIGHT</h3>
+
+
+<p>The movement in which we were next engaged included the battle of Mine
+Run, which has been designated by a military critic as "a campaign of
+strategy," an account of which is, therefore, not within my province.
+The Federals on this occasion did most of the marching and, after
+crossing the Rapidan at several different fords, were confronted not far
+from our quarters at Mine Run, in Orange County. After breaking camp our
+first intimation that a battle was expected was the invariable profusion
+of playing-cards along the road. I never saw or heard of a Bible or
+prayer-book being cast aside at such a time, but cards were always
+thrown away by soldiers going into battle.</p>
+
+<p>After a spirited engagement between Johnson's division and Warren's
+corps, the Federals lost time sufficient for the Confederates to
+construct a formidable line of breastworks. The position occupied by our
+battery was in the midst of a brigade of North Carolinians who had seen
+some service in their own State, but had never participated in a real
+battle. From a Federal shell, which burst some distance overhead, a thin
+piece twirled downward and fell like a leaf within a few feet of our
+gun. I saw one of their lieutenants, who was lying in the trench, eye it
+suspiciously, then creep out and pick it up. Presently the colonel of
+his regiment passed along and the lieutenant said, as he held up the
+trophy, "Colonel, just look at this. I was lying right <i>here</i>, and it
+fell right <i>there</i>." This brigade had no occasion to test its mettle
+until the following spring, but then, in the great battle of
+Spottsylvania, it fought gallantly and lost its general&mdash;Gary&mdash;who was
+killed.</p>
+
+<p>Naturally, after such a determined advance on the part of the Federals,
+a general attack was expected; but, after spending two days threatening
+different portions of our lines, they withdrew in the night, leaving
+only men sufficient to keep their camp-fires burning for a time, as a
+ruse. The road along which we followed them for some miles was strewn at
+intervals with feathers from the beds of the people whose houses they
+had ransacked.</p>
+
+<p>It was now October, and the chilly autumn nights suggested retiring to
+more comfortable surroundings. Our battalion of artillery was ordered
+to Frederick's Hall, on the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, about fifty
+miles from Richmond. In this neighborhood there were quite a number of
+nice people, whose society and hospitality afforded those of us so
+inclined much agreeable entertainment. A white paper-collar became no
+unusual sight, but when two of our members appeared one afternoon
+adorned with blue cravats a sensation was created.</p>
+
+<p>A member of our battery returned from a visit to a family of former
+acquaintances some twelve miles from camp, and brought an invitation for
+some of his friends to accompany him on his next visit. Soon thereafter
+four of us went, through a drizzling rain, I riding a blind horse, the
+others on foot. Night overtook us soon after leaving camp, and when,
+within a mile of our destination, we asked at a house by the roadside
+for directions as to the way, a gruff voice informed us that an
+intervening creek was too high to cross, and insisted on our coming in
+and spending the night. We declined this, and the man said, "Well, I'll
+send a negro boy with you; but you'll have to come back," which proved
+to be the case. On our return we were boisterously welcomed. A blazing
+fire of dry pine soon lit up the room, with its clean, bare floor, and
+disclosed the figure of our host&mdash;Peter Johnson by name&mdash;a stout, burly
+man, clad in homespun and a fur cap. He said his wife and children had
+been "a-bed" since dark, were tired of his jokes, and that he was
+delighted to have a fresh audience; that it was past supper-time and
+some hours before breakfast, but that fasting was nothing new to
+Confederate soldiers. The names of two of our party, McCorkle and
+McClintic, he said, were too long and that he would call them Cockle and
+Flint, but before proceeding further he would give us some music.
+Forthwith he produced a short flute, took a seat on the foot of the
+stairs (in the far corner of the room), and played "The Devil's Dream,"
+"The Arkansas Traveler," etc., beating time with his foot.</p>
+
+<p>Here we passed the night in comfortable beds and, after a bountiful
+breakfast, left with a pressing invitation to return for a rabbit-chase
+with his hounds, which we gladly accepted and afterward enjoyed. This
+was typical of eastern Virginia and her hospitable, whole-souled
+"Tuckahoes," whose houses were never too full for them to hail a
+passer-by and compel him to come in. This interruption detracted nothing
+from the pleasure of the visit for which we had originally set out.</p>
+
+<p>A short time after our return to Frederick's Hall our whole artillery
+command narrowly escaped capture by a band of cavalry raiders under
+command of Colonel Dahlgren. About fifty of the cannoneers of the
+battalion had been furnished with muskets and regularly exercised in the
+infantry drill. When the raiders arrived within a mile of our
+winter-quarters they inquired of the country people as to the character
+of troops occupying our camp, and were informed by some negroes that the
+"men had muskets with bayonets on them." As infantry was not what they
+were seeking, they gave us the go-by and passed on toward Richmond, the
+capture of which was the chief object of the expedition. In the attack
+on Richmond, which occurred in the night, Dahlgren was killed and his
+command defeated with heavy loss.</p>
+
+<p>Encouraged by the visit already mentioned, I accompanied my friend, Tom
+Williamson, on a visit by rail to his relations, the Garnetts, near
+Hanover Junction; thence, after spending the night, to some friends in
+Caroline County. On our return to camp we found preparations on foot for
+a move to the front, and although we left camp by eleven o'clock that
+night not more than three or four miles was traveled by daylight. In the
+darkness one of our twenty-pounders went over a thirty-foot embankment,
+carrying the drivers and eight horses into the mud and water at its
+base.</p>
+
+<p>While on the march later in the day, to save distance, I undertook to
+pass near a house, in the yard of which were two men with a large
+Newfoundland dog. A smaller dog, chained to the corner of the house,
+broke loose as I passed and viciously seized the tail of my overcoat.
+Instantly, to my dismay, the large dog left the men and dashed straight
+for me; but, instead of rending me, knocked my assailant heels over head
+and held him down until secured by the men and chained.</p>
+
+<p>Before reaching the front, it was learned that we had been called out on
+a false alarm. Our return to Frederick's Hall was by a more circuitous
+route, near which was an establishment where apple-brandy was for sale.
+The stock had been heavily watered, and the price of shares (in a
+drink), even then, too far above par for eleven dollars a month to
+afford scarcely more than a smell. However, after reaching camp, more
+than ordinary wrestling and testing of strength were indulged in.</p>
+
+<p>Two years had elapsed since any furloughs had been given, except to the
+sick and wounded. The granting of them was now revived, and those who
+had been longest from home were, of course, to be served first. My turn
+came in March. I shall never forget the impression made on me as I sat
+at the supper-table at home, on the evening of my arrival. My father,
+mother, sisters, and little niece were present; and, after the noise,
+loud talking, etc., in camp, the quiet was painful. It was just as it
+had always been, except the vacant places of the boys at the front;
+still, I felt that something was wrong. Equally as impressive was the
+mild diet of cold bread, milk, and weak-looking tea. The effect was the
+same as that produced by a sudden transition from a low to a high
+altitude, or vice versa, requiring time for adaptation, as I soon
+experienced. My fifteen days' leave of absence having expired, I
+returned to camp.</p>
+
+<p>To induce the boys who were under age, and still at home, to enlist, a
+thirty-day furlough was offered to every soldier who would secure a
+recruit for the service. By this means many boys of only fifteen or
+sixteen years joined the army, to enable a long-absent kinsman to get
+home. McClintic, of my mess, got this furlough by the enlistment of his
+brother, and while at home drummed up the son of a neighbor, William
+Barger, whom he brought back with him to repeat the operation. To
+allowing this second furlough the authorities, right or wrong, objected.
+The matter was compromised by McClintic very generously assigning the
+young recruit to my credit, by which I got the furlough.</p>
+
+<p>Before my return to the army, at the expiration of the thirty days, the
+Grant campaign had opened and the great battles of the Wilderness and
+Spottsylvania had been fought. Our battery had escaped without serious
+loss, as the character of the country afforded little opportunity for
+the use of artillery. From Staunton I traveled on a freight train with
+the cadets of the Virginia Military Institute and their professors, who
+were now the conspicuous heroes of the hour, having just won immortal
+fame in their charge, on May 15, at New Market. Among the professors was
+my friend and former messmate, Frank Preston, with an empty sleeve, now
+captain of a cadet company, and Henry A. Wise, Jr., who took command of
+the cadets after the wounding of Colonel Shipp, their commandant.</p>
+
+<p>Our army was now near Hanover Junction, twenty-five miles from Richmond,
+and engaged in its death struggle with Grant's countless legions. If
+any one period of the four years of the war were to be selected as an
+example of Southern endurance and valor, it probably should be the
+campaign from the Wilderness, beginning May 5 and closing a month later
+at Petersburg, in which the Confederate army, numbering 64,000
+half-clothed, half-fed men, successfully resisted a splendidly equipped
+army of 140,000&mdash;inflicting a loss of 60,000 killed and wounded.</p>
+
+<p>Much has been said and written concerning the comparative equipment,
+etc., of the two armies. A striking reference to it I heard in a
+conversation at General Lee's home in Lexington after the war. Of the
+students who attended Washington College during his presidency he always
+requested a visit to himself whenever they returned to the town. With
+this request they were very ready to comply. While performing this
+pleasant duty one evening, during a visit to my old home in Lexington,
+Mrs. Lee, sitting in her invalid-chair, was discoursing to me,
+feelingly, on the striking contrast between the ragged clothing worn by
+Confederate soldiers as compared with that worn by the Federals, as she
+had seen the Federal troops entering Richmond after its evacuation. The
+General, who was pacing the floor, paused for a moment, his eye lighting
+up, and, at the conclusion of her remarks, said, as he inclined forward
+with that superb grace, "But, ah! Mistress Lee, we gave them some
+awfully hard knocks, with all of our rags!"</p>
+
+<p>After parting with my cadet friends at Hanover Junction, soon after
+day-dawn, I readily found our battery bivouacking in sight of the
+station. Some of the men were lying asleep; those who had risen seemed
+not yet fully awake. All looked ten years older than when I had bidden
+them good-by a month before&mdash;hollow-eyed, unwashed, jaded, and hungry;
+paper-collars and blue neckties shed and forgotten. The contents of my
+basket (boxes were now obsolete), consisting of pies sweetened with
+sorghum molasses, and other such edibles, were soon devoured, and I
+reported "returned for duty." In a few hours we were on the road to
+Richmond, with the prospect of another sojourn in the surrounding
+swamps.</p>
+
+<p>On the night of June 1 our battery was bivouacked in the edge of a dense
+piece of woods, the guns being parked in open ground just outside, while
+the men were lying in the leaves, with the horses tied among them. About
+midnight one of the horses became tangled in his halter and fell to the
+ground, struggling and kicking frantically to free himself. A man close
+by, being startled from sleep, began halloaing, "Whoa, whoa, whoa!" The
+alarm was taken up by one after another as each roused from slumber,
+increasing and spreading the noise and confusion; by this time the
+horses had joined in, pawing and snorting in terror, completing the
+reign of pandemonium. As darkness prevented successful running, some
+of the men climbed trees or clung to them for protection, while the
+sentinel over the guns in the open broke from his beat, supposing
+Grant's cavalry was upon us. In a space of two minutes all suddenly
+became still, the climbers stealthily slid from their trees, and others
+gingerly picked their way back to their lairs, "ashamed as men who flee
+in battle." For some time, as the cause and absurdity of the incident
+was realized, there issued now and then from a pile of leaves a chuckle
+of suppressed laughter.</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<img src="images/illus13.jpg" alt="Hyde"  />
+<a id="illus13" name="illus13"></a>
+</p>
+<p class='center'> <span class="smcap">Edward H. Hyde</span><br />
+
+(Color-bearer)</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XXV" id="CHAPTER_XXV"></a>CHAPTER XXV</h2>
+
+<h3>SECOND COLD HARBOR&mdash;WOUNDED&mdash;RETURN HOME&mdash;REFUGEEING FROM HUNTER</h3>
+
+
+<p>After spending the following day and night in "Camp Panic," we moved
+forward early on the morning of June 3 to the field of the memorable
+second Cold Harbor. Minie-balls were rapping against the trees as we
+drove through a copse of small timber to occupy a temporary redoubt in
+the line of breastworks beyond. While the guns halted briefly before
+driving in to unlimber, I walked forward to see what was in front. The
+moment I came into view a Minie-ball sung by my head and passed through
+the clothes of the cannoneer, Barton McCrum, who was a few steps from
+me, suggesting to both of us to lie low until called for as videttes.
+Perched in the tops of the trees beyond the half-mile of open field in
+our front, the enemy's sharpshooters, with telescope sights on their
+rifles, blazed away at every moving object along our line. It was noon
+before their artillery opened on us, and, in the firing which ensued, a
+large barn a hundred yards in our front was set on fire by a shell and
+burned to the ground.</p>
+
+<p>An hour or two later, during this brisk cannonade, I, being No. 3,
+stood with my thumb on the vent as the gun was being loaded. From a
+shell which exploded a few yards in front I was struck on the breast by
+the butt-end, weighing not less than three pounds, and at the same time
+by a smaller piece on the thigh. After writhing for a time I was
+accompanied to our surgeon in the rear. The brass button on my jacket,
+which I still have as a memento, was cut almost in two and the shirt
+button underneath driven to the breast-bone, besides other smaller
+gashes. A large contusion was made by the blow on my thigh, and my
+clothing was very much torn. After my wounds had been dressed I passed
+the night at the quarters of my friend and fellow-townsman, Capt.
+Charles Estill, of the Ordnance Department, who already had in charge
+his brother Jack, wounded in a cavalry engagement the day before.</p>
+
+<p>An hour after dark, as I sat by the light of a camp-fire, enjoying the
+relief and rest, as well as the agreeable company of old friends, the
+rattle of musketry two miles away had gradually increased into the
+proportions of a fierce battle. The feelings of one honorably out of
+such a conflict, but listening in perfect security, may be better
+imagined than described. This, like a curfew bell, signaled the close of
+a day of frightful and probably unparalleled carnage. Within the space
+of a single hour in the forenoon the Federal army had been three times
+repulsed with a loss of thirteen thousand men killed and wounded; after
+which their troops firmly refused to submit themselves to further
+butchery. This statement is made on the evidence of Northern historians.</p>
+
+<p>After a night's rest I was sent to Richmond, where I received a transfer
+to a hospital in Staunton. Sheridan's cavalry having interrupted travel
+over the Virginia Central Railroad, I went by rail to Lynchburg, via the
+Southside Road, with Captain Semmes and eight or ten cadets on their
+return to Lexington with artillery horses pressed into service.
+Learning, in Lynchburg, that Hunter's army was near Staunton, I
+continued with the cadets, riding one of their artillery horses, but was
+too much exhausted to proceed far, and stopped for the night on the way.
+Here I learned from refugees that Hunter was advancing toward Lexington.
+As the whole country seemed now to be overrun by the Federals, to avoid
+them was very difficult.</p>
+
+<p>I resumed my journey toward home, frequently meeting acquaintances who
+were seeking safety elsewhere. When within four or five miles of the
+town, while ascending a long hill, I heard the sound of a drum and fife
+not far ahead. Presently I recognized the tune played to be "Yankee
+Doodle." I could not believe it to be the vanguard of Hunter's army, but
+what on earth could it be? However, at the top of the hill I saw a train
+of refugee wagons preceded by two negroes who were making the music.</p>
+
+<p>I remained at home only a day and a night, at the expiration of which
+time General McCausland (the first captain of our battery) with his
+brigade of cavalry was within a mile of town, closely pursued by
+Hunter's whole army. I spent half of the night assisting my mother and
+the servants (our slaves) to conceal from the marauders what flour,
+bacon, etc., the family still had; and before sunrise the next morning
+set out, mounted on my father's horse, for a safer place. By this time
+my wounds had become very painful, and my leg had turned a dark blue
+color from the thigh to the knee.</p>
+
+<p>A brief account of my experience while refugeeing may be of interest, as
+it will give an idea of the horror with which our non-combatants
+regarded the invasion of their homes by our fellow-countrymen of the
+North, who had now resorted to fire, after learning by bitter experience
+that the sword alone could not restore us to the blessings of the Union.</p>
+
+<p>My destination was the home of my aunt, Mrs. Allen, forty miles distant,
+in Bedford County. After passing through the gap between the two peaks
+of Otter, I reached my aunt's and found there three officers from
+Louisiana recovering from wounds. After a respite of two days one of the
+officers, on his return from a neighbor's, brought information that
+McCausland's command was approaching through the mountain-pass, with
+Hunter in close pursuit. In a few hours our house of refuge was overrun
+by McCausland's hungry soldiers. Again I went through the process of
+helping to hide valuables and packing up what was to be hauled away. I
+started at dawn next morning with the officers, leaving my aunt and her
+three daughters very forlorn and unprotected. When I left she gave me
+the pistol which her son Robert, colonel of the Twenty-eighth Virginia
+Regiment, was wearing when he fell in Pickett's charge at Gettysburg. In
+our care were the loaded wagons, negro men, lowing cows, and bleating
+sheep.</p>
+
+<p>That afternoon, after exchanging my gray for a fleet-footed cavalry
+horse ridden by one of the officers, I rode back from our place of
+hiding, some miles south of Liberty, to reconnoiter; but, after passing
+through the town, met General McCausland at the head of his brigade
+falling back toward Lynchburg, and rode back a short distance with him
+to return to my party of refugees, who meantime had moved farther on.
+Next day I stopped at a house by the wayside to get dinner, and had just
+taken my seat at the table when there arose a great commotion outside,
+with cries of "Yankee cavalry! Yankee cavalry!" Stepping to the door, I
+saw a stream of terrified school-children crying as they ran by, and
+refugees flying for the woods. In a moment I was on my fleet-footed dun,
+not taking time to pick up a biscuit of my untasted dinner nor the
+pillow worn between my crippled leg and the saddle, and joined in the
+flight. I had noticed a yearling colt in the yard of the house as I
+entered, and in five minutes after I started a twelve-year-old boy
+mounted on the little thing, barebacked, shot by me with the speed of a
+greyhound. A hundred yards farther on I overtook some refugee wagons
+from about Lexington, whose owners had left them on the road and betaken
+themselves to the woods; but there still stood by them a mulatto man of
+our town&mdash;Lindsay Reid by name&mdash;who indignantly refused to be routed,
+and was doing his utmost, with voice and example, to stem the tide,
+saying, "It is a shame to fear anything; let's stand and give them a
+fight!"</p>
+
+<p>A moment later a negro boy rode by at a gallop in the direction from
+which the alarm came. In reply to the inquiry as to where he was going,
+he called out, "After Marse William." Relying on him as a picket, I
+remained in view of the road. In ten minutes he appeared, returning at
+full speed, and called out to me, as he rode up, that he had "run almost
+into them." They were close behind, and I must "fly or be caught." I was
+well alongside of him as he finished the warning, and for half a mile
+our horses ran neck and neck. He said he would take me to his old
+master's, an out-of-the-way place, several miles distant. Arriving
+there, a nice country house and very secluded, I concealed my horse in
+the woods as best I could and went to the house, where I was welcomed
+and cared for by two young ladies and their aged father, Mr. Hurt, who
+was blind. I was now much exhausted, and determined to take a rest, with
+the chances of being captured. The occasion of the alarm was a body of
+Federal cavalry which had been sent on a raid to meet Hunter's army,
+advancing on Lynchburg.</p>
+
+<p>After two days in this quiet abode I set out to make my way past the
+rear of Hunter's army and eventually to reach home. On the way to
+Liberty I was informed that a train of Hunter's wagons and many negroes,
+under a cavalry escort, were then passing northward through the town. To
+satisfy myself (being again mounted on my father's gray) I rode to the
+top of a hill overlooking the place. Then a strikingly pretty young lady
+of about sixteen, bareheaded (although it was not then the fashion), and
+almost out of breath, who had seen me coming into danger, ran to meet me
+and called, "For God's sake, fly; the town is full of Yankees!" Many
+years after the war a lady friend of Norfolk, Virginia, who was
+refugeeing in Liberty at the time, told me that she had witnessed the
+incident, and said that the girl who had run out to warn me had
+afterward married a Federal officer. I then went around the town and
+crossed the road a mile west of it, learning that the wagon-train, etc.,
+had all passed.</p>
+
+<p>From this place on, throughout the territory over which this patriotic
+army had operated, were the desolated homes of helpless people, stripped
+of every valuable they possessed, and outraged at the wanton destruction
+of their property, scarcely knowing how to repair the damage or to take
+up again their broken fortunes. Night had now fallen, but a bright moon
+rather added to the risks of continuing my journey. An old negro man,
+however, kindly agreed to pilot me through fields and woods, avoiding
+the highways, "as far as Colonel Nichol's" (his master's). When near his
+destination he went ahead to reconnoiter, and soon returned from the
+house, accompanied by one of the ladies, who told me that their house
+and premises had been overrun by Yankees all day, and that some of them
+were still prowling about, and, in her fright, pointed to each bush as
+an armed foe.</p>
+
+<p>Camp-fires still burning enabled me to steer clear of the road, but it
+was midnight when I reached my aunt's, and, going to the negro cabin
+farthest from her dwelling, I succeeded, after a long time, in getting
+"Uncle" Mose to venture out of his door. He said he thought the Yankees
+were all gone, but to wait till he crept up to the house and let "Ole
+Miss" know I was about. He reported the way clear, and I was soon in the
+side porch. After the inmates were satisfied as to my identity, the door
+was opened just enough for me to squeeze through. The family, consisting
+of females, including the overseer's wife, who had come for protection,
+quietly collected in the sitting-room, where a tallow candle, placed not
+to attract attention from outside, shed a dim light over my ghostlike
+companions clad in their night-dresses. The younger ladies were almost
+hysterical, and all looked as if they had passed through a fearful storm
+at sea, as various experiences were recounted. The house had been
+ransacked from garret to cellar, and what could not be devoured or
+carried off was scattered about, and such things as sugar, vinegar,
+flour, salt, etc., conglomerately mixed. The only food that escaped was
+what the negroes had in their cabins, and this they freely divided with
+the whites.</p>
+
+<p>The next day I concealed myself and horse in the woods, and was lying
+half-asleep when I heard footsteps stealthily approaching through the
+leaves. Presently a half-grown negro, carrying a small basket, stumbled
+almost on me. He drew back, startled at my question, "What do you want?"
+and replied, "Nothin'; I jus' gwine take 'Uncle' Mose he dinner. He
+workin' in de fiel' over yander." My dinner was to be sent by a boy
+named Phil, so I said, "Is that you, Phil?" "Lordy! Is that you, Marse
+Eddie? I thought you was a Yankee! Yas, dis is me, and here's yer dinner
+I done brung yer." Phil, who belonged to my aunt, had run off several
+weeks before, but of his own accord had returned the preceding day, and
+this was our first meeting.</p>
+
+<p>As Hunter's army was still threatening Lynchburg, to avoid the
+scouting-parties scouring the country in his rear I set out on Sunday
+morning to make my way back to Lexington by Peteet's Gap. I was scarcely
+out of sight&mdash;in fact one of my cousins, as I learned afterward, ran to
+the porch to assure herself that I was gone&mdash;when twenty-five or thirty
+Federal cavalry, accompanied by a large, black dog, and guided by one of
+my aunt's negroes armed and dressed in Federal uniform, galloped into
+the yard and searched the house for "rebel soldiers." Passing through
+the Federal campground, from among the numerous household articles,
+etc., I picked up a book, on the fly-leaf of which was written,
+"Captured at Washington College, Lexington, <i>Rockingham</i> County,
+Virginia." That afternoon, as I was slowly toiling up the steep mountain
+path almost overgrown with ferns, I was stopped by an old, white-bearded
+mountaineer at a small gate which he held open for me. While asking for
+the news, after I had dismounted, he noticed the split button on my coat
+and my torn trousers, and, pausing for a moment, he said, very solemnly,
+"Well, you ought to be a mighty good young man." I asked why he thought
+so. "Well," said he, "the hand of God has certainly been around you."</p>
+
+<p>That night I spent at Judge Anderson's, in Arnold's Valley, and the next
+day reached Lexington&mdash;a very different Lexington from the one I had
+left a fortnight before. The Virginia Military Institute barracks, the
+professors' houses, and Governor Letcher's private home had been burned,
+and also all neighboring mills, etc., while the intervening and adjacent
+grounds were one great desolate common. Preparations had also been made
+to burn Washington College, when my father, who was a trustee of that
+institution, called on General Hunter, and, by explaining that it was
+endowed by and named in honor of General Washington, finally succeeded
+in preventing its entire destruction, although much valuable apparatus,
+etc., had already been destroyed.</p>
+
+<p>Comparisons are odious, but the contrast between the conduct of Northern
+and Southern soldiers during their invasions of each other's territory
+is very striking and suggestive; especially when taken in connection
+with the fact that the Federal army, from first to last, numbered
+twenty-eight hundred thousand men, and the Confederates not more than
+six hundred and fifty thousand.</p>
+
+<p>General Early, with three divisions, having been despatched from the
+army near Richmond, had reached Lynchburg in time to prevent its
+occupancy by Hunter, who promptly retreated, and his army soon became a
+mass of fugitives, struggling through the mountains of West Virginia on
+to the Ohio River. The Confederates at Lynchburg, all told, numbered
+11,000 men, the Federals 20,000.</p>
+
+<p>An incident which occurred in Rockbridge County, the participants in
+which were of the "cradle and grave" classes, deserves mention. Maj.
+Angus McDonald, aged seventy, having four sons in our army, set out from
+Lexington with his fourteen-year-old son Harry, refugeeing. They were
+joined, near the Natural Bridge, by Mr. Thomas Wilson, a white-haired
+old man; and the three determined to give battle to Hunter's army. From
+a hastily constructed shelter of rails and stones they opened, with
+shotguns and pistols, on his advance guard, but, of course, were
+quickly overpowered. Mr. Wilson was left for dead on the ground, and the
+McDonalds captured. The father was taken to a Northern prison, but Harry
+made his escape by night in the mountains, and in turn captured a
+Federal soldier, whom I saw him turn over to the provost on his return
+to Lexington. General Early pursued Hunter no farther than Botetourt
+County, and thence passed through Lexington on his disastrous campaign
+toward Washington.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XXVI" id="CHAPTER_XXVI"></a>CHAPTER XXVI</h2>
+
+<h3>PERSONAL MENTION OF OFFICERS AND MEN&mdash;ROCKBRIDGE ARTILLERY&mdash;SECOND
+ROCKBRIDGE ARTILLERY</h3>
+
+
+<p>As has already been mentioned, the captain under whom the battery was
+mustered into service was the Rev. Wm. N. Pendleton, rector of the
+Episcopal Church in Lexington, Virginia, who, after the first battle of
+Manassas, became chief of artillery of the Army of Northern Virginia.
+His only son, Alexander S. Pendleton, graduated at Washington College at
+the age of 18. He entered the army from the University of Virginia at
+the beginning of the war as lieutenant on General Jackson's staff, and
+rose through the various grades of promotion to the rank of
+lieutenant-colonel. After General Jackson's death he continued to fill
+the position of adjutant to the succeeding commanders of the corps until
+he fell in battle near Winchester, in 1864. He was one of the bravest
+and most efficient staff officers in the Army of Northern Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>The captains of the battery under whom I served were three uncommonly
+brave and capable officers.</p>
+
+<p>The first, William McLaughlin, after making an enviable record with the
+company, distinguished himself as commander of a battalion of artillery
+in General Early's company in 1864.</p>
+
+<p>The second, Captain W. T. Poague, whose reputation for efficiency and
+courage won for him the command of a battalion of artillery in A. P.
+Hill's corps, was amply equipped with both intelligence and valor to
+have handled an army division with credit to himself and advantage to
+the service.</p>
+
+<p>The third, Archibald Graham, who was appointed a sergeant upon the
+organization of the company, then elected a lieutenant, and for the last
+two years of the war captain, had the distinction of having been in
+every engagement in which the battery took part from Hainesville, in
+1861, to Appomattox in 1865. His dreamy, brown eyes kindled most at the
+sound of good music, and where the noise of battle was greatest, and
+shells flew thickest, there Graham lingered, as if courting danger.</p>
+
+<p>Our First Lieut. W. M. Brown, a brave officer, wounded and captured at
+Gettysburg, remained in prison from that time until the close of the
+war.</p>
+
+<p>Lieut. J. B. McCorkle, a noble fellow and recklessly brave, was killed
+at first Fredericksburg.</p>
+
+<p>As stated in this paper, besides those regularly enrolled in the company
+were men who did more or less service with it, but whose names do not
+appear on the roll. For example, Bernard Wolfe, of Martinsburg, served
+in this capacity for a time previous to and in the first battle of
+Manassas, and later became major of commissary on General Pendleton's
+staff.</p>
+
+<p>Chapman Maupin, of Charlottesville, son of Professor Maupin, of the
+University of Virginia, served during part of the campaign of 1862, was
+with the battery in several battles, and enlisted afterward in the
+Signal Corps.</p>
+
+<p>That so many intelligent and educated men from outside of Rockbridge
+were attracted to this company was primarily due to the fact that the
+Rev. W. N. Pendleton, its captain until after first Manassas, was a
+graduate of West Point and was widely known as a clergyman and educator.
+After his promotion the character of the company itself accomplished the
+same effect.</p>
+
+<p>Of the names on the roll there were four A.M.'s and a score of students
+of the University of Virginia. There were at least twenty graduates of
+Washington College, and as many undergraduates, and many graduates and
+students of other colleges.</p>
+
+<p>Among the privates in the company was a son and namesake of General R.
+E. Lee, whose presence in such a capacity was characteristic of his
+noble father, when it seemed so natural and surely the custom to have
+provided him with a commission. That the son should have the instincts
+and attributes of a soldier was not surprising; but, with these
+inherited gifts, his individuality, in which uniform cheerfulness,
+consideration for others, and enjoyment of fun were prominent features,
+won for him the esteem and affection of his comrades. When it fell to
+his lot, as a cannoneer, to supply temporarily the place of a sick or
+wounded driver, he handled and cared for his horses as diligently and
+with as much pride as when firing a gun.</p>
+
+<p>Two sons of Ex-President Tyler, one of whom&mdash;Gardiner&mdash;represented his
+district in Congress.</p>
+
+<p>A son of Commodore Porter, of the United States Navy.</p>
+
+<p>Walter and Joseph Packard, descendants of Charles Lee, who was a brother
+of Light-Horse Harry Lee.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The beautiful character of Randolph Fairfax, a descendant of Lord
+Fairfax, who was killed on December 13, 1862, on that fatal hill near
+Fredericksburg, has been worthily portrayed in a memoir by the Rev.
+Philip Slaughter. More than ten thousand copies of this memoir were
+distributed through the army at the expense of General Lee, Gen. J. E.
+B. Stuart, and other officers and men, and no better idea of the exalted
+character of young Fairfax can be conveyed, than by extracts copied from
+this little volume:</p>
+
+<p>"'<span class="smcap">Rev. P. Slaughter.</span></p>
+
+<p>"'<span class="smcap">Dear Sir:</span> Please receive enclosed a contribution ($100) to
+the very laudable work alluded to in church by you to-day. It is very
+desirable to place the example of Private Randolph Fairfax before every
+soldier of the army. I am particularly desirous that my command should
+have the advantage of such a Christian light to guide them on their way.
+How invincible would an army of such men be!&mdash;men who never murmur and
+who never flinch!</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 20em;">
+"'Very truly yours,</p>
+<p style="margin-left: 25em;"> <span class="smcap">"'J. E. B. Stuart.'</span>
+</p>
+
+<p>"Berkeley Minor says:</p>
+
+<p>"'I knew Randolph Fairfax at the University quite well, but not so
+intimately as I did after he joined this company (the Rockbridge
+Battery). For several months before his death I was his messmate and
+bedfellow, and was able to note more fully the tone of earnest piety
+that pervaded his words and actions. He was unselfish, modest, and
+uniformly kind and considerate to all. If there was one trait in him
+more striking than others, it was his calm, earnest, trustful demeanor
+in time of battle, resulting, I believe, from his abiding trust in the
+providence and love of God. Many fine young men have been removed by
+death from this company, yet I do not think that any has been more
+deeply lamented than he.'</p>
+
+<p>"Joseph Packard, another of his comrades, writes:</p>
+
+<p>"'His cheerful courage, his coolness and steadiness, made him
+conspicuous in every battlefield. At the battle of Malvern Hill, where
+he had received a wound which nine men out of ten would have considered
+an excuse for retiring from the awful scene, he persisted in remaining
+at his post, and did the work of two until the battery had left the
+field. But it was in the bearing, more than in the daring, of the
+soldier's life that his lovely character displayed itself. He never
+avoided the most trying and irksome duties. If he had selfishness, those
+who knew him long and well as schoolmates and comrades never discerned
+it. More than once I have heard his beautiful Christian example spoken
+of by irreligious comrades. Bitter and inexplicable as may be the
+Providence which has removed one so full of promise of good to his
+fellows, I feel that we may thank God that we have been permitted to
+witness a life so Christ-like terminated by a death so noble.'</p>
+
+<p>"Captain Poague, commanding the Rockbridge Battery, says in a letter to
+his father:</p>
+
+<p>"'In simple justice to your son, I desire to express my high
+appreciation of his noble character as a soldier, a Christian, and
+gentleman. Modest and courteous in his deportment, charitable and
+unselfish in his disposition, cheerful and conscientious in his
+performance of duty, and upright and consistent in his walk and
+conversation, he was a universal favorite in the company, and greatly
+beloved by his friends. I don't think I have ever known a young man
+whose life was so free from the frailties of human nature, and whose
+character in all aspects formed so faultless a model for the imitation
+of others. Had his influence been restricted to the silent power and
+beauty of his example, his life on earth, short as it was, would not
+have been in vain. The name of Randolph Fairfax will not soon be
+forgotten by his comrades, and his family may be assured that there are
+many who, strangers as they are, deeply sympathize with them in their
+bereavement.'</p>
+
+<p>"The following from General Lee will be a fit climax to the foregoing
+tributes:</p>
+
+<p>"'<span class="smcap">Camp Fredericksburg</span>, December 28, 1862.</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">'My dear Doctor:</span> I have grieved most deeply at the death of
+your noble son. I have watched his conduct from the commencement of the
+war, and have pointed with pride to the patriotism, self-denial, and
+manliness of character he has exhibited. I had hoped that an opportunity
+would have occurred for the promotion he deserved; not that it would
+have elevated him, but have shown that his devotion to duty was
+appreciated by his country. Such an opportunity would undoubtedly have
+occurred; but he has been translated to a better world for which his
+purity and his piety have eminently fitted him. You do not require to be
+told how great his gain. It is the living for whom I sorrow. I beg you
+will offer to Mrs. Fairfax and your daughters my heartfelt sympathy, for
+I know the depth of their grief. That God may give you and them strength
+to bear this great affliction is the earnest prayer of your early
+friend,</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 25em;">
+"'<span class="smcap">R. E. Lee.</span>'</p>
+<p>"'Dr. Orlando Fairfax.'"
+</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<img src="images/illus14.jpg" alt="Fairfax"  />
+<a id="illus14" name="illus14"></a>
+</p>
+<p class='center'> <span class="smcap">Randolph Fairfax</span></p>
+
+<p>A son and two nephews of Hon. A. R. Boteler.</p>
+
+<p>A son of Governor Gilmer, of Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>S. H. Letcher, brother of War-Governor John Letcher.</p>
+
+<p>Mercer Otey, graduate of Virginia Military Institute and son of Bishop
+Otey, of Tennessee.</p>
+
+<p>Launcelot M. Blackford, A. M., of University of Virginia, who became
+adjutant of the Twenty-sixth Virginia Infantry, and Superintendent of
+the Alexandria High School from the close of the war to the present
+time&mdash;forty-one years. He has said to the writer since the war that he
+cherished the fact of his having been a private in the Rockbridge
+Artillery with more pride than he felt in any honors he has since
+achieved.</p>
+
+<p>Robert A. Gibson, of Petersburg, Virginia, now a bishop of Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>Livingston Massie, of Waynesboro, who became captain of another battery
+and was killed in General Early's battle of Winchester.</p>
+
+<p>Hugh McGuire, of Winchester, brother of Dr. Hunter McGuire, medical
+director of Jackson's corps, whose gallantry won for him a captaincy in
+cavalry and lost him his life on the retreat to Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Boyd Faulkner, of Martinsburg, son of Hon. Charles J. Faulkner.</p>
+
+<p>Two Bartons from Winchester.</p>
+
+<p>Two Maurys and three Minors from Charlottesville.</p>
+
+<p>Other members of the company, of whom much that is interesting could be
+written, were Edgar and Eugene Alexander, of Moorefield, West Virginia,
+uncles of the authoress, Miss Mary Johnston. The first named lost an
+arm at Fredericksburg, the second had his thigh-bone broken at second
+Manassas.</p>
+
+<p>William H. Bolling, of Petersburg, Virginia, the handsomest of eight
+handsome brothers and a most polished gentleman.</p>
+
+<p>Holmes Boyd, of Winchester, now a distinguished lawyer of that city.</p>
+
+<p>Daniel Blaine, of Williamsburg, since the war a Presbyterian divine.</p>
+
+<p>Robert Frazer, of Culpeper, an accomplished scholar and prominent
+educator.</p>
+
+<p>William L. Gilliam, of Powhatan County.</p>
+
+<p>Campbell Heiskell, of Moorefield.</p>
+
+<p>J. K. Hitner, who, though a native of Pennsylvania, fought through the
+war for the South.</p>
+
+<p>William F. Johnston, of Rockbridge, a sterling man and soldier.</p>
+
+<p>Edward Hyde, of Alexandria, an excellent artist, who devoted most of his
+time in camp to drawing sketches of army life. He has recently written
+me that his drawings were lost in a canoe in which he attempted to cross
+James River on his journey from Appomattox. Otherwise some of them would
+have appeared in this book.</p>
+
+<p>Otho Kean, of Goochland County, Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>John E. McCauley, of Rockbridge, sergeant of the battery.</p>
+
+<p>William S. McClintic, now a prominent citizen of Missouri.</p>
+
+<p>D. D. Magruder, of Frederick County, Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>Littleton Macon, of Albemarle County, whose utterances became
+proverbial.</p>
+
+<p>Frank Meade and Frank Nelson, of Albemarle County.</p>
+
+<p>W. C. Gordon, of Lexington, Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>Jefferson Ruffin, of Henrico.</p>
+
+<p>J. M. Shoulder, of Rockbridge.</p>
+
+<p>W. C. Stuart, of Lexington, Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>Stevens M. Taylor, of Albemarle County, Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>Charles M. Trueheart, now a physician in Galveston, Texas.</p>
+
+<p>Thomas M. Wade, of Lexington, Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>W. H. White, of Lexington, Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>Calvin Wilson, of Cumberland County.</p>
+
+<p>John Withrow, of Lexington, Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>William M. Wilson, of Rockbridge, who went by the name of "Billy Zu.,"
+abbreviated for zouave; and many other fine fellows, most of whom have
+long since "passed over the river."</p>
+
+<p>A. S. Whitt, gunner of the fourth piece, whose failure to throw a
+twenty-pound shell "within a hair's breadth and not miss" could be
+attributed only to defective ammunition.</p>
+
+<p>In this company were all classes of society and all grades of
+intelligence, from the most cultured scholars to the lowest degree of
+illiteracy. We had men who had formerly been gentlemen of leisure,
+lawyers, physicians, students of divinity, teachers, merchants, farmers
+and mechanics, ranging in age from boys of seventeen to matured men in
+the forties and from all parts of the South and several from Northern
+States, as well as Irish and Germans. At one camp-fire could be heard
+discussions on literature, philosophy, science, etc., and at another
+horse-talk. The tone of the company was decidedly moral, and there was
+comparatively little profanity. In addition to the services conducted by
+the chaplain of the battalion, Rev. Henry White, prayer-meetings were
+regularly held by the theological students. Then we had men that swore
+like troopers. "Irish Emmett," whose face was dotted with grains of
+powder imbedded under the skin, could growl out oaths through
+half-clenched teeth that chilled one's blood.</p>
+
+<p>One man, Michael, a conscript from another county, a full-grown man,
+weighing perhaps one hundred and seventy-five pounds, was a chronic
+cry-baby; unfit for other service, he was assigned assistant at the
+forge, and would lie with face to the ground and moan out, "I want to go
+home, I want to go home," and sob by the hour.</p>
+
+<p>Another, a primitive man from the German forests, whose language was
+scarcely intelligible, lived entirely to himself and constructed his
+shelter of brush and leaves&mdash;as would a bear preparing to hibernate. In
+his ignorance of the use of an axe I saw him, in felling a tree, "throw"
+it so that it fell on and killed a horse tied nearby. On seeing what he
+had done, his lamentation over the dying animal was pathetic.</p>
+
+<p>As a school for the study of human nature, that afforded in the various
+conditions of army life is unsurpassed&mdash;a life in which danger,
+fatigue, hunger, etc., leave no room for dissimulation, and expose the
+good and bad in each individual to the knowledge of his associates.</p>
+
+<p>It sometimes fell to my lot to be on guard-duty with Tom Martin, an
+Irishman who was over forty-five and exempt from military service, but
+was soldiering for the love of it. Sometimes he was very taciturn and
+entirely absorbed with his short-stemmed pipe; at other times full of
+humor and entertaining. He gave me an account, one night while on post,
+of what he called his "great flank movement"&mdash;in other words, a visit to
+his home in Rockbridge without leave. After Doran, another Irishman, had
+been disabled at Malvern Hill and discharged from service, he became a
+sort of huckster for the battery and would make trips to and from
+Rockbridge with a wagon-load of boxes from our homes and also a supply
+of apple-brandy. While camped at Bunker Hill in the fall of 1862,
+shortly after Doran arrived with his load, Captain Poague, observing
+more than an ordinary degree of hilarity among some of the men, had the
+wagon searched, the brandy brought forth, confiscated, and emptied on
+the ground. Martin, greatly outraged at the illtreatment of a fellow-son
+of Erin, and still more so at the loss of so much good liquor, forthwith
+resolved to take his revenge on the Captain by taking "French leave."</p>
+
+<p>To escape the vigilance of provost-guards and deserter-hunters, he made
+his way to the foothills of the North Mountain, and in the course of
+his journey stumbled on a still-house in one of its secluded glens. To
+the proprietor, who was making a run of apple-brandy, and who proved to
+be "a man after me own heart," Martin imparted his grievances. "I tould
+him," said he, "I hadn't a cint, but he poured me a tin chuck-full. With
+thanks in me eyes I turned off the whole of it, then kindled me pipe and
+stood close by the still. Ah! me lad, how the liquor wint through me! In
+thray minits I didn't care a domn for all the captins in old Stonewall's
+army!"</p>
+
+<p>With various adventures he made his way home, returned to the company of
+his own accord, was wounded at Gettysburg, captured, and spent the
+remainder of war-time in prison.</p>
+
+<p>Rader, who drove the lead-horses at my gun almost throughout the war, is
+mentioned elsewhere, but his record, as well as his pranks and drollery,
+coupled with his taciturnity, were interesting. While sitting on his
+saddle-horse in one battle he was knocked full length to the ground by a
+bursting shell. When those nearby ran to pick him up they asked if he
+was much hurt. "No," he said, "I am just skeered to death." At
+Sharpsburg, while lying down, holding his gray mares, a shell tore a
+trench close alongside of him and hoisted him horizontally into the air.
+On recovering his feet he staggered off, completely dazed by the
+concussion. In the first battle of Fredericksburg he was struck and
+disabled for a time. At Gettysburg, as the same animals, frightened by
+a bursting shell, wheeled to run, he seized the bridle of the leader
+just as it was struck by a shell, which burst at the moment, instantly
+killing the two grays and the two horses next to them, and stunning
+Rader as before. But, with all of his close calls, his skin was never
+broken. Instead of currying his horses during the time allotted for that
+work he seemed to occupy himself teaching them "tricks," but his was the
+best-groomed team in the battery.</p>
+
+<p>While on guard one cold night, as the wagon drivers were sleeping
+quietly on a bed of loose straw near a blazing fire, I saw Rader creep
+up stealthily and apply a torch at several places, wait until it was
+well ignited, and then run and yell "Fire!" then repeat the sport an
+hour later. Vanpelt carried an enormous knapsack captured from Banks and
+branded "10th Maine." While halting on the march it was Rader's
+amusement, especially when some outsider was passing by, to set his
+whip-stock as a prop under it, go through the motions of grinding, and
+rattle off the music of a hand-organ with his mouth until chased away by
+his victim. He mysteriously vanished from Rockbridge after the war, and
+has never since been located.</p>
+
+<p>One of the most striking characters in the company was "General" Jake,
+as we called him, whose passion for war kept him always in the army,
+while his aversion to battle kept him always in the rear. After serving
+a year with us, being over military age, he got a discharge, but soon
+joined the Rockbridge cavalry as a substitute, where six legs, instead
+of two, afforded three-fold opportunities. An interview between the
+"General" and one of our company, as he viewed the former and was struck
+with his appearance, was as follows:</p>
+
+<p>"Well, 'General,' you are the most perfect-looking specimen of a soldier
+I ever beheld. That piercing eye, the grizzly mustache, the firm jaw,
+the pose of the head, that voice&mdash;in fact, the whole make-up fills to
+the full the measure of a man of war."</p>
+
+<p>The "General," with a graceful bow and a deep roll in his voice,
+replied, "Sire, in enumerating the items which go to constitute a great
+general I notice the omission of one requisite, the absence of which in
+my outfit lost to the cause a genius in council and a mighty leader in
+battle."</p>
+
+<p>"What was that, 'General'?"</p>
+
+<p>"Sire, it goes by the name of Cour-ridge."</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Estimates of things are governed by comparison, and no better idea of
+the Southern army could be had than that given by a knowledge of its
+numbers, equipment, etc., as compared with those of its adversary
+throughout the four years of the war. This can be illustrated by a
+sketch of the Rockbridge Artillery in that respect, beginning with its
+entrance into service, as a type of the whole army.</p>
+
+<p>The guns with which this company set out from Lexington were two
+smooth-bore six-pound brass pieces used by Stonewall Jackson for
+drilling the cadets at the Virginia Military Institute, which were
+coupled together and drawn by one pair of horses to Staunton. I must
+pause here and relate an incident which occurred at that period, in
+which these guns played a part. Among the cadets was one&mdash;Hountsell&mdash;who
+was considered as great an enigma as Jackson himself. In some of the
+various evolutions of the drill it was necessary for the cadets to trot.
+This gait Hountsell failed to adopt, and was reported to the
+superintendent with the specification "for failing to trot." Hountsell
+handed in his written excuse as follows, "I am reported by Major Jackson
+for failing, at artillery drill, to trot. My excuse is, I am a natural
+pacer." It would be interesting to know the workings of Stonewall's mind
+when perusing this reply.</p>
+
+<p>After reaching Harper's Ferry two more six-pound brass pieces were
+received for this battery from Richmond. As there were no caissons for
+these four guns, farm-wagons were used, into which boxes of ammunition,
+together with chests containing rations for the men, were loaded. In
+addition to friction-primers of modern invention at that time for firing
+cannon, the old-time "slow matches" and "port-fires" were in stock. So
+that, in preparing for battle with General Patterson's army at
+Hainesville on July 2, 1861, the ammunition-boxes, provision-chests,
+etc., being loaded indiscriminately into the same wagon, were all taken
+out and placed on the ground. The "port-fire," adjusted in a brass tube
+on the end of a wooden stick, was lighted, and the stick stuck in the
+ground by the gun, to give a light in case the friction-primer failed.
+This provision was due to the fact that Captain Pendleton was familiar
+with the "port-fire," in vogue when he attended West Point. On finding
+that the friction-primer was reliable, the "port-fires" were left
+sticking in the ground when the guns withdrew, and were captured and
+taken as curiosities by the Federals.</p>
+
+<p>After returning to Winchester, ammunition-chests were ordered to be made
+by a carpenter of the town. Gen. Joe Johnston, then in command of the
+forces, went in person with Lieutenant Poague, and, as the latter
+expressed it, reprimanded this carpenter most unmercifully for his
+tardiness in the work. The chests were then quickly completed and placed
+on wagon-gears, which outfits served as caissons, and thus equipped the
+battery marched to and fought at first Manassas. From captures there
+made, these crude contrivances were replaced with regular caissons, and
+for two of the six-pound brass pieces two rifled ten-pound Parrotts were
+substituted and two heavier six-pound brass pieces added, making a
+six-gun battery. Also the farm-wagon harness was exchanged for regular
+artillery harness.</p>
+
+<p>The revolution in the character of Confederate field ordnance
+thenceforward continued, and every new and improved weapon we had to
+confront in one battle we had to wield against our foes, its inventors,
+in the next.</p>
+
+<p>For a short time previous to and in the battle of Kernstown the battery
+had eight guns, two of which, made at the Tredegar Works in Richmond,
+were of very inferior quality and were soon discarded. The long and
+trying campaign of 1862 gradually reduced the number of guns to four,
+two of which were twenty-pound Parrotts captured at Harper's Ferry, one
+a twelve-pound Napoleon captured at Richmond, and one a six-pound brass
+piece. The two last were replaced by two more twenty-pound Parrotts
+captured from Milroy at Winchester in June, 1863. Each of these guns
+required a team of eight horses and as many to a caisson. They were
+recaptured at Deep Bottom below Richmond in July, 1864.</p>
+
+<p>The battery's connection with the Stonewall Brigade was severed October
+1, at the close of the memorable campaign of 1862, and under the new
+r&eacute;gime became a part of the First Regiment Virginia Artillery, commanded
+by Col. J. Thompson Brown, afterward by Col. R. A. Hardaway. This
+regiment was made up of the second and third companies of Richmond
+Howitzers, the Powhatan battery commanded by Captain Dance, the Roanoke
+battery commanded by Captain Griffin, and Rockbridge battery commanded
+by Captain Graham, with four guns to each of the five batteries.</p>
+
+<p>Our new companions proved to be a fine lot of men, and with them many
+strong and lasting friendships were formed.</p>
+
+<p>An idea of the spirit with which the Southern people entered into the
+war can best be conveyed by some account of the wild enthusiasm created
+by the troops and the unbounded hospitality lavished upon them as they
+proceeded to their destinations along the border.</p>
+
+<p>The Rockbridge Artillery traveled by rail from Staunton to Strasburg. On
+their march of eighteen miles from there to Winchester they were
+preceded by the "Grayson Dare-devils" of Virginia, one hundred strong,
+armed with Mississippi rifles and wearing red-flannel shirts. A mile or
+two in advance of this company was the Fourth Alabama Regiment,
+numbering eight hundred men. The regiment, on its arrival at Newtown, a
+small village six miles from Winchester, was provided by the citizens
+with a sumptuous dinner. Then the "Dare-devils" were likewise
+entertained; but still the supplies and hospitality of the people were
+not exhausted, as the battery, on its arrival, was served with a
+bountiful meal.</p>
+
+<p>When the battery reached Winchester their two small guns were stored for
+the night in a warehouse, and the men lodged and entertained in private
+houses. On the following day the company went by rail to Harper's Ferry,
+arriving there after dark. The place was then under command of Col. T.
+J. Jackson, who was soon after superseded by Gen. Joseph E. Johnston.
+The trains over the B. &amp; O. Railroad were still running. Evidences of
+the John Brown raid were plainly visible, and the engine-house in which
+he and his men barricaded themselves and were captured by the marines,
+commanded by Col. R. E. Lee, of the United States Army, stood as at the
+close of that affair.</p>
+
+<p>One or both sections of the battery were often engaged in picket service
+along the Potomac between Shepherdstown and Williamsport, in connection
+with the Second Virginia Regiment, which was composed of men from the
+adjoining counties. Their camps and bivouacs were constantly visited by
+the neighboring people, especially ladies, who came by the score in
+carriages and otherwise, provided with abundant refreshments for the
+inner man. As described by those who participated in it all, the days
+passed as a series of military picnics, in which there was no suspicion
+or suggestion of the serious times that were to follow. During the
+progress of the war, while these outward demonstrations, of necessity,
+diminished, the devotion on the part of the grand women of that
+war-swept region only increased.</p>
+
+<p>I have not undertaken to describe scenes or relate incidents which
+transpired in the battery before I became a member of it. But there is
+one scene which was often referred to by those who witnessed it which is
+worthy of mention. It occurred in the fall of 1861, near Centerville,
+when a portion of the army, under Gen. Joe Johnston, was returning from
+the front, where an attack had been threatened, and was passing along
+the highway. A full moon was shining in its splendor, lighting up the
+rows of stacked arms, parks of artillery, and the white tents which
+dotted the plain on either side. As column after column, with bands
+playing and bayonets glistening, passed, as it were, in review, there
+came, in its turn, the First Maryland Regiment headed by its drum corps
+of thirty drums rolling in martial time. Next came the First Virginia
+Regiment with its superb band playing the "Mocking-Bird," the shrill
+strains of the cornet, high above the volume of the music, pouring forth
+in exquisite clearness the notes of the bird. Scarcely had this melody
+passed out of hearing when there came marching by, in gallant style, the
+four batteries of the Washington Artillery, of New Orleans, with
+officers on horseback and cannoneers mounted on the guns and caissons,
+all with sabers waving in cadence to the sound of their voices, singing,
+in its native French, "The Marseillaise," that grandest of all national
+airs.</p>
+
+<p>The younger generation cannot comprehend, and express surprise that the
+old soldiers never forget and are so wrought up by the recollections of
+their war experiences; but to have participated in a scene such as this
+will readily explain why a soul should thrill at its recurring mention.</p>
+
+<p>In 1883, nearly twenty years after the war, I was called to Cumberland,
+Maryland, on business. By reason of a reunion of the Army of the
+Cumberland being held there at the time, the hotels were crowded,
+making it necessary for me to find accommodations in a boarding-house.
+Sitting around the front door of the house, as I entered, were half a
+dozen Federal soldiers discussing war-times. The window of the room to
+which I was assigned opened immediately over where the men sat, and as I
+lay in bed I heard them recount their experiences in battle after battle
+in which I had taken part. It stirred me greatly. Next morning they had
+gone out when I went down to breakfast, but I told the lady of the house
+of my interest in their talk of the previous night. At noon the same
+party was sitting in the hall, having finished their dinners, as I
+passed through to mine. They greeted me cordially and said, "We heard of
+what you said about overhearing us last night; take a seat and let's
+discuss old times." My answer was, "I have met you gentlemen already on
+too many battlefields with an empty stomach, so wait till I get my
+dinner." With a hearty laugh this was approved of, and I joined them
+soon after. Most of them were from Ohio and West Virginia. They said,
+though, as I was but one against six, to say what I pleased; and for an
+hour or more we discussed, good-humoredly, many scenes of mutual
+interest.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The following lines are recalled from Merrick's songs:</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+"Och hone, by the man in the moon!<br />
+You taze me all ways that a woman can plaze;<br />
+For you dance twice as high with that thief, Pat McGhee,<br />
+As you do when you're dancing a jig, Love, with me;<br />
+Though the piper I'd bate, for fear the old chate<br />
+Wouldn't play you your favorite chune.<br />
+<br />
+"Och hone, don't provoke me to do it,<br />
+For there are girls by the score<br />
+That would have me and more.<br />
+Sure there's Katy Nale, that would jump if I'd say,<br />
+'Katy Nale, name the day.'<br />
+And though you are fresh and fair as the flowers in May,<br />
+And she's short and dark as a cowld winter's day,<br />
+If you don't repent before Easter, when Lent<br />
+Is over, I'll marry for spite."<br />
+</p>
+
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">SAINT PATRICK</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+"A fig for St. Denis of France!<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's a trumpery fellow to brag on.</span><br />
+A fig for St. George and his lance!<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Who splitted a heathenish dragon.</span><br />
+The saints of the Welshman and Scot<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Are a pair of pitiful pipers,</span><br />
+Both of whom may just travel to pot,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Compared with the patron of swipers&mdash;</span><br />
+St. Patrick of Ireland, my boy!<br />
+<br />
+"Och! he came to the Emerald Isle<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">On a lump of a paving-stone mounted;</span><br />
+The steamboat he beat by a mile,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Which mighty good sailing was counted.</span><br />
+Said he, 'The salt-water, I think,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Makes me most bloodily thirsty,</span><br />
+So fetch me a flagon of drink<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To wash down the mullygrubs, burst ye!</span><br />
+A drink that is fit for a saint.'<br />
+<br />
+"The pewter he lifted <i>in sport</i>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And, believe me, I tell you no fable,</span><br />
+A gallon he drank from the quart<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And planted it down on the table.</span><br />
+'A miracle!' every one cried,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they all took a pull at the stingo.</span><br />
+They were capital hands at the trade,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they drank till they fell; yet, by jingo!</span><br />
+The pot still frothed over the brim.<br />
+<br />
+"'Next day,' quoth his host, 'is a fast<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And there is naught in my larder but mutton.</span><br />
+On Friday who would serve such repast,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Except an unchristianlike glutton?'</span><br />
+Says Pat, 'Cease your nonsense, I beg;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">What you tell me is nothing but gammon.</span><br />
+Take my compliments down to the leg<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And bid it walk hither, a salmon.'</span><br />
+The leg most politely complied.<br />
+<br />
+"Oh! I suppose you have heard, long ago,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">How the snakes, in a manner quite antic,</span><br />
+He marched from the County Mayo<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And trundled them into the Atlantic.</span><br />
+So not to use water for drink,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The people of Ireland determined.</span><br />
+And for a mighty good reason, I think,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Since St. Patrick has filled it with vermin</span><br />
+And vipers and other such stuff.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+"The people, with wonderment struck<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At a pastor so pious and civil,</span><br />
+Cried, 'We are for you, my old buck!<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And we'll pitch our blind gods to the devil</span><br />
+Who dwells in hot water below.'<br />
+<br />
+"Och! he was an iligant blade<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As you'd meet from Fairhead to Killkrumper,</span><br />
+And, though under the sod he is laid,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Here goes his health in a bumper!</span><br />
+I wish he was here, that my glass<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He might, by art-magic, replenish&mdash;</span><br />
+But as he is not, why, alas!<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">My ditty must come to a finish,</span><br />
+Because all the liquor is out."<br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+
+<h3>THE SECOND ROCKBRIDGE ARTILLERY</h3>
+
+<p>The second Rockbridge Artillery Company, organized July 10, 1861, like
+the first Rockbridge Artillery, was commanded by a clergyman, the Rev.
+John Miller, of Princeton, New Jersey, as captain. In honor of his
+wife's sister, Miss Lily McDowell, daughter of Governor McDowell, of
+Virginia, who furnished in large part the outfit of this company, it was
+named "McDowell Guards." She also paid a bounty to a youth under
+military age to serve as her personal representative in this company.
+Miss McDowell afterward became the wife of Major Bernard Wolfe, whose
+service with the Rockbridge Battery has been mentioned.</p>
+
+<p>Owing to lack of artillery equipment, the McDowell Guards served as
+infantry until January, 1862, in the Fifty-second Virginia Regiment, in
+West Virginia. I heard Captain Miller relate this anecdote, which
+occurred in the battle of Alleghany Mountain, December 12, 1861: A boy
+in his company was having a regular duel with a Federal infantryman,
+whose shots several times passed close to the boy's head. Finally, when
+a bullet knocked his hat off, he defiantly called out to his adversary,
+"Hey! You didn't git me that time, nuther. You didn't git me nary a
+time!"</p>
+
+<p>In the early part of 1862 the McDowell Guards secured artillery and did
+excellent service in McIntosh's battalion of A. P. Hill's corps until
+the close of the war.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XXVII" id="CHAPTER_XXVII"></a>CHAPTER XXVII</h2>
+
+<h3>OAKLAND&mdash;RETURN TO CAMP&mdash;OFF DUTY AGAIN&mdash;THE RACE FROM NEW MARKET TO
+FORT GILMORE&mdash;ATTACK ON FORT HARRISON&mdash;WINTER-QUARTERS ON THE
+LINES&mdash;VISITS TO RICHMOND</h3>
+
+
+<p>The desolation and dejection of the people of Lexington hastened my
+departure, but before returning to the army I spent two weeks most
+delightfully at "Oakland," the hospitable home of Mrs. Cocke, in
+Cumberland County, Virginia. This was the last opportunity I had of
+enjoying the "old plantation life," the like of which can never again be
+experienced. It was an ideal life, the comforts and advantages of which
+only those who followed it could appreciate. Two of Mrs. Cocke's sons,
+who had passed many years at school and college in Lexington, were at
+home&mdash;one on sick-leave; the other, still a youth, equipping himself for
+the cavalry service, which he soon entered. William, the eldest son, had
+been killed at Gettysburg and his body never recovered.</p>
+
+<p>Every day at twelve o'clock sharp delicious watermelons were brought
+from the icehouse to the shade of the stately oaks which adorned the
+spacious lawn; then, two hours later, after a sumptuous dinner, a
+small darky brought from the kitchen a shovel of coals (matches were not
+a Southern product) to light our pipes. So the time passed. It was to
+this hospitable home that General Lee retired with his family
+immediately after Appomattox, and was living on this estate when he
+accepted the presidency of Washington College.</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<img src="images/illus15.jpg" alt="Frazer"  />
+<a id="illus15" name="illus15"></a>
+</p>
+<p class='center'> <span class="smcap">Robert Frazer</span></p>
+
+<p>My wounds being now sufficiently, or rather temporarily, healed, I
+embarked about bedtime at Cartersville on the canal packet boat. On my
+way to a berth in the cabin I noticed, by the dim light, a
+striking-looking man clad in white lying in his berth. On the deck of
+the boat were a score or more of negroes, male and female, singing so
+boisterously that the other passengers could not sleep. Such conduct at
+this time was felt to be significant, and the more so as the officers of
+the boat refrained from interfering. Without intimation there was a leap
+from my neighboring bunk, a hurried scramble up the stairway, followed
+by a volley of&mdash;secular language, with a demand for instantaneous choice
+between "dead silence and dead niggers." Thenceforward stillness
+prevailed, broken at intervals when the plaintive windings of the packet
+horn, rising and falling with the motion of the tandem team, heralded
+our approach to a lock. Who that ever boarded that ancient craft, or
+dwelt within its sound, will cease to recall the associations awakened
+by the voice of the old packet horn?</p>
+
+<p>Next morning I recognized my fellow-countyman, Bob Greenlee, of the
+First Virginia Cavalry, as the man whose eloquence had terrorized the
+negroes. Greenlee has been aptly styled "a rare bird," and the accounts
+he gave of experiences during his sick-leave, from which he was now
+returning, were as good as "David Harum."</p>
+
+<p>I found the battery stationed at New Market, on the north side of the
+James, near Dutch Gap. During my absence it had suffered the only
+serious loss of the kind it had experienced during the war&mdash;the capture
+of all four of its twenty-pound Parrott guns at Deep Bottom. The horses,
+as usual, had been taken to the rear for safety. The infantry support
+had been out-flanked, leaving our guns almost surrounded, so that the
+cannoneers escaped with difficulty&mdash;only one of them, Andrew Darnall,
+being captured.</p>
+
+<p>The ranks of the company had been considerably depleted by chills and
+fever, so prevalent in that swampy region, and one death had
+occurred&mdash;that of John Gibbs, a most excellent soldier. Less than a
+week's sojourn was sufficient to poison my blood and reopen an old wound
+received two years before. I was sent to Richmond, but twenty-four
+hours' experience in a hospital among the sick, the wounded, and the
+dying induced me to get a discharge and work my way, by hook and crook,
+back to Oakland, where I underwent a severe visitation of chills and
+fever. This, however, was soon broken up by quinine, and I again
+rejoined the battery.</p>
+
+<p>The summer now drawing to a close had been a most trying one, and the
+future offered no sign of relief. The situation was one of simply
+waiting to be overwhelmed. That the fighting spirit was unimpaired was
+demonstrated in every encounter, notably the one on July 30, at The
+Crater, near Petersburg.</p>
+
+<p>During the night of September 28 there was heard the continued rumbling
+of wheels and the tramp of large forces of the enemy crossing on the
+pontoon bridges from the south to the north side of the James. At dawn
+next morning we hurriedly broke camp, as did Gary's brigade of cavalry
+camped close by, and scarcely had time to reach high ground and unlimber
+before we were attacked. The big gaps in our lines, entirely undefended,
+were soon penetrated, and the contest quickly became one of speed to
+reach the shorter line of fortifications some five miles nearer to and
+in sight of Richmond. The break through our lines was on our right,
+which placed the Federals almost in our rear, so that a detour of
+several miles on our part was necessary. On the principle that the
+chased dog is generally the fleetest, we succeeded in reaching the
+breastworks, a short distance to the left of Fort Gilmore, with all four
+guns, now ten-pound Parrotts, followed by the straggling cannoneers much
+exhausted. I vividly recall George Ginger, who was No. 1 at one of the
+guns, as he came trotting in with the gun-rammer on his shoulder, which
+he had carried five miles through brush and brake for want of time to
+replace it on the gun-carriage.</p>
+
+<p>Much has been written about the defense of Fort Gilmore, and much
+controversy as to who deserved the credit. The fact that a superb fight
+was made was fully apparent when we entered the fort an hour later,
+while the negroes who made the attack were still firing from behind
+stumps and depressions in the cornfield in front, to which our artillery
+replied with little effect. The Fort was occupied by about sixty men
+who, I understood, were Mississippians. The ditch in front was eight or
+ten feet deep and as many in width. Into it, urged on by white officers,
+the negroes leaped, and to scale the embankment on the Fort side climbed
+on each other's shoulders, and were instantly shot down as their heads
+appeared above it. The ground beyond was strewn with dead and wounded. A
+full regiment had preceded us into the Fort, but the charge on it had
+been repulsed by the small force before its arrival.</p>
+
+<p>Next morning we counted twenty-three dead negroes in the ditch, the
+wounded and prisoners having previously been removed. There was great
+lamentation among them when "Corporal Dick" fell. He was a conspicuous
+leader, jet black, and bald as a badger. A mile to the right of Fort
+Gilmore and one-fourth of a mile in advance of our line of breastworks
+was Fort Harrison, which was feebly garrisoned by reserves. This force
+had been overpowered and the Fort taken by the Federals. Two days
+later, and after it had been completely manned with infantry and
+artillery, an unsuccessful attempt was made to recapture it, of which we
+had a full view. The attack was made by Colquitt's and Anderson's
+brigades, while General Lee stood on the parapet of Fort Gilmore with
+field-glass in hand, waving his hat and cheering lustily. Of course our
+loss in killed, wounded, and captured was very heavy. This ended the
+fighting, except sharpshooting, on the north side of the James.</p>
+
+<p>During our stay in Fort Gilmore a company of Reserves from Richmond took
+the place of the regular infantry. They were venerable-looking old
+gentlemen&mdash;lawyers, business men, etc., dressed in citizens' clothes. In
+order to accustom them to the service, we supposed, they were frequently
+roused during the night to prepare for battle. After several repetitions
+of this they concluded, about two o'clock one night, that it was useless
+to retire again and go through the same performance, so a party of them
+kindled a fire and good-humoredly sat around in conversation on various
+subjects, one of which was infant baptism. My bedfellow, Tom Williamson,
+a bachelor under twenty years of age, being deeply interested in this
+question, of paramount importance at this time, forthwith left his bunk,
+and from that time until daylight theology was in the air.</p>
+
+<p>Our battery changed from the Fort to a position one-fourth of a mile to
+the left of it, the two sections being placed a hundred yards apart,
+where we remained until March.</p>
+
+<p>It seems remarkable even now, after a lapse of over forty years, that
+under such conditions and without the slightest reasonable hope of
+ultimate success we could have passed six months, including a severe
+winter, not only moderately comfortable, but ofttimes with real
+pleasure. Huts and hovels of as varied architecture as the scarcity of
+material at our disposal could be shaped into, rose above or descended
+below the ground. The best shelters were built of pine logs six or eight
+inches in diameter, split in half, with the bark-side out. From a swamp
+a quarter of a mile in the rear, in which the trees had been previously
+felled for military operations, we carried our fuel. Several hundred
+negroes had been impressed, in neighboring counties within Confederate
+lines, to work on the adjacent fortifications, which, by their industry,
+soon became very strong. In our immediate front, manning the Federal
+works, were negro troops whose voices could be distinctly heard in darky
+songs and speech, and their camp-fires were in full view.</p>
+
+<p>It was at this time that General Early was distinguishing himself in the
+Shenandoah Valley with repeated defeats in battle, the first news of
+which reached us in a peculiar way; that is, when the news reached
+Grant's lines a shotted salute in celebration was fired at us, thus
+"killing two birds with one stone." These volleys of shot and shell
+produced consternation among the negroes working on our fortifications.
+Panic-stricken, they would break for the rear, casting aside picks,
+shovels, or anything that retarded speed; and to get them and their
+scattered tools gathered up after such a stampede required several days.
+I was requested, by a negro who had just experienced one of these
+escapades, to write a letter for him to his home people. He dictated as
+follows:</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>"My dear Wife: I take this opportunity of taking you down a few words
+and telling you of the terrible bumming we was under yesterday. The
+shells fell fast as hail and lightened as from a cloud, and we had a
+smart run. Give my love to Mammy and tell her how we is sufferin' for
+somethin' to eat."</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Then followed some other pieces of news; then love to various kinsmen,
+with a message to each of how they were "sufferin' for somethin' to
+eat."</p>
+
+<p>The space between the two sections of our battery was occupied by
+infantry. I particularly remember the Nineteenth Georgia Regiment, a
+game body of men, whose excellent band furnished us fine music. It was
+ordered, during the winter, to North Carolina and lost&mdash;killed in battle
+soon after&mdash;its colonel and adjutant, Neil and Turner. A mile in rear of
+our lines stood a church, a substantial frame building, which, for want
+of better use, was converted into a theater. As in the recent drafting
+every department of life had been invaded, a very respectable element
+of a histrionic turn was to be found in the ranks. The stage scenery, as
+one would imagine, was not gaudy and, of course, did not afford
+equipment for high art in the strict sense; but the doleful conditions
+of home life now in vogue in the South and the desperate straits for
+food and existence in camp afforded a fund of amusement to those of us
+who were inclined to pluck sport from hopeless conditions.</p>
+
+<p>One of the performers&mdash;named Nash&mdash;was a first-rate comedian. As an
+interlude he gave a representation of an attempt made by the people to
+furnish the army a Christmas dinner. To give an idea of what a failure
+such an undertaking would naturally be, when the people themselves were
+almost destitute, one thin turkey constituted the share for a regiment
+close by us, while our battery did not get so much as a doughnut. Nash,
+in taking the thing off, appeared on the stage with a companion to
+propound leading questions, and, after answering one query after
+another, to explain the meaning of his droll conduct, drew his hand from
+the side pocket of his blouse and, with his head thrown back and mouth
+wide open, poured a few dry cracker crumbs down his throat. When asked
+by the ringman what that act signified, he drawled out, in lugubrious
+tones, "Soldier eating Christmas dinner!" The righteous indignation
+produced among the few citizens by such sacrilegious use of a church
+soon brought our entertainments to a close.</p>
+
+<p>Our time was frequently enlivened by visits to Richmond. By getting a
+twenty-four-hour leave we could manage to spend almost forty-eight hours
+in the city. On a pass&mdash;dated, for instance, January 13&mdash;we could leave
+camp immediately after reveille and return in time for reveille on the
+fifteenth.</p>
+
+<p>That this would be the last winter that Richmond would be the capital of
+the Confederacy, or that the Confederacy itself would be in existence,
+was a feeling experienced by all, but was too painful a subject for
+general discussion. The gaiety of the place under such conditions,
+viewed at this remote day, seems astonishing. There the Confederate
+Congress and the Virginia Legislature held their sessions; and there
+were the numerous employees of State and Nation, and refugees from
+various parts of the South, and, besides, it was the great manufacturing
+center of that section, employing mechanics and artisans of every
+calling. For four years this mixed multitude had listened to the thunder
+of cannon almost at their doors, and had seen old men and boys called
+out by day and by night to meet some extraordinary emergency, while it
+was no uncommon occurrence for hundreds of sick, wounded, and dead men
+to be borne through the streets to the overflowing hospitals and
+cemeteries. One surprising feature of it was to see how readily all
+adapted themselves to such a life.</p>
+
+<p>My first social visit, in company with my messmate, James Gilmer, of
+Charlottesville, Virginia, was to call on some lady friends, formerly of
+Winchester. We found these ladies starting to an egg-nog at the house of
+some friends&mdash;the Misses Munford&mdash;with instructions to invite their
+escorts. This position we gladly accepted, and were soon ushered into
+the presence of some of the celebrated beauties of Richmond, and were
+entertained as graciously as if we had been officers of high rank. The
+climax of this visit was as we were returning to camp the next
+afternoon. We overtook Tazwell McCorkle, of Lynchburg, the only member
+of our company who could afford the luxury of being married and having
+his wife nearby. He had just received a box from home, and invited us to
+go with him to his wife's boarding-house and partake of its contents.
+While enjoying and expressing our appreciation of the good things,
+McCorkle told us of the impression the sight of old-time luxuries had
+made on their host, Mr. Turner, a devout old Baptist, who, with uplifted
+hands, exclaimed, as it first met his gaze, "Pound-cake, as I pray to be
+saved!"</p>
+
+<p>Since the burning of the Virginia Military Institute barracks, by Hunter
+at Lexington, the school had been transferred to Richmond and occupied
+the almshouse. This, on my visits to the city, I made my headquarters,
+and, preparatory to calling on my lady acquaintances, was kindly
+supplied with outfits in apparel by my friends among the professors.
+Having developed, since entering the service, from a mere youth in size
+to a man of two hundred pounds, to fit me out in becoming style was no
+simple matter. I recall one occasion when I started out on my
+visiting-round, wearing Frank Preston's coat, Henry Wise's trousers, and
+Col. John Ross's waistcoat, and was assured by my benefactors that I
+looked like a brigadier-general. Sometimes as many as four or six of our
+company, having leave of absence at the same time, would rendezvous to
+return together in the small hours of the night, through Rocketts, where
+"hold-ups" were not uncommon, and recount our various experiences as we
+proceeded campward.</p>
+
+<p>Indications of the hopelessness of the Confederacy had, by midwinter,
+become very much in evidence, with but little effort at concealment.
+Conferences on the subject among the members of companies and regiments
+were of almost daily occurrence, in which there was much discussion as
+to what course should be pursued when and after the worst came. Many
+resolutions were passed in these meetings, avowing the utmost loyalty to
+the cause, and the determination to fight to the death. In one regiment
+not far from our battery a resolution was offered which did not meet the
+approbation of all concerned, and was finally passed in a form qualified
+thus, "Resolved, that in case our army is overwhelmed and broken up, we
+will bushwhack them; that is, some of us will."</p>
+
+<p>Notwithstanding all this apprehension, scant rations and general
+discomfort, the pluck and spirit of the great majority of our men
+continued unabated. To give an idea of the insufficiency of the rations
+we received at this time, the following incident which I witnessed will
+suffice: Immediately after finishing his breakfast, one of our company
+invested five dollars in five loaves of bread. After devouring three of
+them, his appetite was sufficiently appeased to enable him to negotiate
+the exchange of one of the two remaining for enough molasses to sweeten
+the other, which he ate at once. These loaves, which were huckstered
+along the lines by venders from Richmond, it must be understood, were
+not full-size, but a compromise between a loaf and a roll.</p>
+
+<p>Desertions were of almost nightly occurrence, and occasionally a
+half-dozen or more of the infantry on the picket line would go over in a
+body to the enemy and give themselves up. The Federals, who had material
+and facilities for pyrotechnic displays, one night exhibited in glaring
+letters of fire:</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+"While the lamp holds out to burn,<br />
+The vilest rebel may return."<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Toward the latter part of March our battery moved half a mile back of
+the line of breastworks. Two or more incidents recall, very distinctly
+to my memory, the camp which we there occupied. The colored boy Joe, who
+had cooked for my mess when rations were more abundant, was on hand
+again to pay his respects and furnish music for our dances. If we had
+been tramping on a hard floor never a sound of his weak violin could
+have been heard; but on the soft, pine tags we could go through the
+mazes of a cotillion, or the lancers, with apparently as much life as if
+our couples had been composed of the two sexes. The greatest difficulty
+incurred, in having a game of ball, was the procurement of a ball that
+would survive even one inning. One fair blow from the bat would
+sometimes scatter it into so many fragments that the batter would claim
+that there were not enough remains caught by any one fielder to put him
+out.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XXVIII" id="CHAPTER_XXVIII"></a>CHAPTER XXVIII</h2>
+
+<h3>EVACUATION OF RICHMOND&mdash;PASSING THROUGH RICHMOND BY NIGHT&mdash;THE
+RETREAT&mdash;BATTLE OF SAILOR'S CREEK&mdash;BATTLE OF CUMBERLAND CHURCH</h3>
+
+
+<p>While here, in the midst of our gaiety, came the news of the breaking of
+our lines near Petersburg, and with this a full comprehension of the
+fact that the days of the Confederacy were numbered. I was in Richmond
+on Sunday, April 2, and escorted to church a young lady whose looks and
+apparel were in perfect keeping with the beautiful spring day. The
+green-checked silk dress she wore looked as fresh and unspotted as if it
+had just run the blockade. As the church we attended was not the one at
+which the news of the disaster had been handed to President Davis, our
+services were not interrupted, nor did I hear anything of it until I had
+parted with her at her home and gone to the house of a relative, Dr.
+Randolph Page's, to dine. There I learned that a fierce battle had been
+fought at Five Forks, on the extreme right of our line, in which the
+Federals had gotten possession of the railroads by which our army was
+supplied with food. This, of course, necessitated the abandonment of
+both Richmond and Petersburg.</p>
+
+<p>As I passed along the streets in the afternoon there was nothing to
+indicate a panicky feeling; in fact, there was rather less commotion
+than usual, but much, no doubt, within doors.</p>
+
+<p>On arriving at camp I was the first to bring tidings of what had
+occurred to the company, and observed the varying effect produced on the
+different members, officers and men. To some it came as relief after
+long suspense, while others seemed hopelessly cast down and dejected.
+Orders to prepare to move soon followed, and our march to and through
+Richmond began with only two of our four guns, the other two being left
+behind for want of horses.</p>
+
+<p>We reached the city shortly before midnight, and, with Estill Waddell,
+of our battalion, I passed by the home of some friends, who, we found,
+had retired for the night. In response to my call, the head of the house
+appeared at an upper window. I had with me the few valuables I
+possessed, among them the brass button worn on my jacket and indented by
+the shell at second Cold Harbor. These I tossed into the yard, with the
+request that he would keep them for me. And, some months after the war,
+the package was sent to me in Lexington.</p>
+
+<p>We could now see and realize what the evacuation of Richmond involved.
+Waddell had learned that his brother James, adjutant of the
+Twenty-fourth Virginia Infantry, had been wounded the day before at
+Petersburg, and was in the Chimborazo Hospital. At this we soon
+arrived, and entered a large apartment with low ceiling and brilliantly
+lighted. On row after row of cots lay wounded men, utterly oblivious and
+indifferent to the serious conditions that disturbed those of us who
+realized what they were. Nurses and attendants were extremely scarce,
+and as deep silence prevailed as if each cot contained a corpse.</p>
+
+<p>After a search of a few moments Waddell recognized his brother in sound
+sleep. His appearance for manly beauty, as we stood over him, surpassed
+that of any figure I have ever seen. His slight, graceful form stretched
+at full length, a snow-white forehead fringed with dark hair, and chin
+resting on his chest, he lay like an artist's model rather than a
+wounded warrior, and the smile with which his brown eyes opened at the
+sound of his brother's voice betokened the awakening from a dream of
+peace and home. On another cot, a few steps farther on, I recognized
+John McClintic, of the Rockbridge Cavalry, and brother of my messmate.
+He was a boy of seventeen, with his arm shattered at the shoulder. On
+the cot next to him lay a man who was dying. McClintic and the others
+near him who could make their wants known were almost famished for
+water, a bucket of which, after much difficulty, we secured for them. On
+the following day this young fellow, rather than be left in the hands of
+the Federals, rode in an ox-cart and walked twenty miles, and finally
+reached his home in Rockbridge.</p>
+
+<p>After leaving the hospital we passed on to Main street and the business
+part of the city, where the scene would remind one of Bulwer's
+description of "The Last Days of Pompeii." The storehouses had been
+broken into and stood wide open, and fires had been kindled out of the
+goods boxes, on the floors, to afford light to plunder. Articles of
+liquid nature, especially intoxicants, had been emptied into the
+gutters, from which such portions as could be rescued were being
+greedily sought.</p>
+
+<p>From dark garrets and cellars the old hags and half-starved younger
+women and children had gathered, and were reaping a harvest such as they
+had never dreamed of. I saw a small boy, with an old, wrinkled, grinning
+woman at his heels, steer a barrel of flour around a corner and into a
+narrow alley with the speed and skill of a roustabout. The fire on the
+floors had not extended to the structures as we passed, but as no one
+seemed in the least concerned or interfered with their progress the
+flames soon put in their work and spread in all directions.</p>
+
+<p>We crossed the James on Mayo's Bridge, following the road in a
+southwesterly direction. With the first appearance of dawn the blowing
+up of the naval vessels in the river began, culminating in a gigantic
+explosion that made the earth tremble. This last was the magazine at
+Drewry's Bluff.</p>
+
+<p>Witnessing such scenes, with a realization of their significance, in
+the early part of our war experience would, no doubt, have been
+hopelessly demoralizing, but now the calmness and fortitude with which
+we took it demonstrated the fact that four years of such schooling had
+seasoned us to meet unflinchingly the most desperate situations. When
+broad daylight came we had the opportunity of seeing some of the
+heterogeneous elements of which Richmond was composed. Disaster had come
+too suddenly to afford time beforehand for the non-combatants to
+migrate, even if there had been safe places to which to flee.</p>
+
+<p>That such looking objects should have undertaken to accompany an army in
+the field, or rather into the fields, indicated what desperate chances
+they were willing to take rather than abandon themselves to a doubtful
+fate by remaining behind. In addition to the city contingent and those
+who garrisoned the forts where heavy ordnance only was used, the line of
+march was joined by the marine department, which had been doing duty on
+the river craft about Dutch Gap, Drewry's and Chaffin's bluffs, etc.
+Altogether, it was a motley combination, which afforded much amusement
+and the usual sallies of wit at each other's expense. The marine element
+was the most striking in appearance, and encumbered with enough baggage
+for a voyage to the North Pole. In three days' time this had all been
+discarded.</p>
+
+<p>After marching day and night the two wings of our army, having been
+separated since the previous summer, united at Amelia Court House,
+about 40 miles from Richmond. Ours&mdash;that is, the one from the north side
+of the river&mdash;had not been pressed by the enemy up to this point. As if
+in recognition of and to celebrate the reunion, an explosion took place
+far too violent for an ordinary salute. During a short halt, while the
+road was filled with infantry and artillery side by side, we felt the
+earth heave under our feet, followed instantly by a terrific report, and
+then a body of fire and flame, a hundred feet in diameter, shot skyward
+from beyond an intervening copse of woods. It proved to be the blowing
+up of sixty caissons, one hundred and eighty chests of ammunition, which
+could not be hauled farther for want of horses. For a moment the roar
+and concussion produced consternation. Those who were standing crouched
+as if for something to cling to, and those sitting sprang to their feet.
+The Crater affair at Petersburg had not been forgotten, and that we
+should be hurled into space by some infernal eruption flashed into our
+minds.</p>
+
+<p>Provisions had been ordered by General Lee over the railroad from
+Danville to Amelia Court House in readiness for the army on its arrival
+there. By some misunderstanding, or negligence on the part of the
+railroad management, these supplies had gone on to Richmond, so that all
+expectation of satisfying hunger was now gone. Corn on the cob had
+already been issued to the men, which, it may be presumed, was to be
+eaten raw, as no time nor means for parching it was available. Three of
+these "nubbins," which had been preserved, I saw many years after the
+war.</p>
+
+<p>After trudging along, with short halts and making very little progress,
+our battery of only two guns went into park about midnight, but without
+unhitching the horses. After being roused several times from sleep to
+march, I concluded, after the third false alarm, to lie still. When I
+awoke some time later the battery had moved and, in the dim light, I
+failed to find the course it had taken. Following on for some distance I
+came to General Lee's headquarters in a farmhouse by the roadside, and
+was informed by Capt. James Garnett, one of the staff, that the battery
+would soon pass along the road at the point we then were. Sitting down
+with my back against a tree I, of course, fell asleep. From this I was
+shortly roused by rapid firing close by, and saw our wagon-train
+scattered and fleeing across the fields, with horses at a run and hotly
+pursued by Federal cavalry, who, with reins on their horses' necks, were
+firing at them with repeating guns. I was overlooked and passed by in
+the chase as too small game for them.</p>
+
+<p>The road over which I had passed was in the form of a semi-circle, and
+to escape I obliqued across the fields to a point I had gone over an
+hour or two before, where it crossed Sailor's Creek. Along the road,
+ascending the hill on the south side of the creek, I found several
+brigades of our infantry, commanded by Ex-Governor Billy Smith, Gen.
+Custis Lee and Colonel Crutchfield, halted in the road and exposed to a
+sharp artillery fire, which, notwithstanding the fact that the place was
+heavily wooded, was very accurate and searching. Colonel Crutchfield was
+killed here, his head being taken off by a solid shot. This was not a
+comfortable place in which to linger while waiting for the battery, but
+comfortable places in that neighborhood seemed exceedingly scarce.</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<img src="images/illus16.jpg" alt="Brown"  />
+<a id="illus16" name="illus16"></a>
+</p>
+<p class='center'> <span class="smcap">John M. Brown</span></p>
+
+<p>Very soon my friend, Henry Wise, who was a lieutenant in Huger's
+battalion of artillery, appeared on horseback and informed me that
+almost all of the cannoneers of his battalion had just been captured and
+that he was then in search of men to take their places. I offered my
+services, and, following the directions he gave, soon found his guns,
+and was assigned to a number at one of them by Lieut. George Poindexter,
+another old acquaintance of Lexington.</p>
+
+<p>The infantry at this part of the line was what was left of Pickett's
+division, among whom I recognized and chatted with other old friends of
+the Virginia Military Institute as we sat resignedly waiting for the
+impending storm to burst. The Federal cavalry which had passed me
+previously in pursuit of our wagons, quartermasters, etc., was part of a
+squadron that had gotten in rear of Pickett's men and given General
+Pickett and staff a hot chase for some distance along the line of his
+command. Some of their men and horses were killed in their eagerness to
+overhaul the General. It was perfectly evident that our thin line of
+battle was soon to be assaulted, as the enemy's skirmishers were
+advancing on our front and right flank and his cannon sweeping the
+position from our left. We were not long in suspense. Almost
+simultaneously we were raked by missiles from three directions. To have
+offered resistance would have been sheer folly. In fifteen minutes the
+few survivors of Pickett's immortal division had been run over and
+captured, together with the brigades which were posted on their left.</p>
+
+<p>Lieutenant Wise having failed to receive any other cannoneers to replace
+those previously captured, the guns, without firing a shot, were left
+standing unlimbered. As we started in haste to retire, he and Poindexter
+being mounted, expressed great concern lest I, being on foot, should be
+captured. Just as they left me, however, and while the air seemed filled
+with flying lead and iron, I came upon one of the ambulance corps who
+was trying to lead an unruly horse. It was a Federal cavalry horse,
+whose rider had been killed in pursuit of General Pickett. In the
+horse's efforts to break loose, the two saddles he was carrying had
+slipped from his back and were dangling underneath, which increased his
+fright. I suggested to the man that, to escape capture, he had better
+give me the horse, as he seemed to be afraid to ride him. To this he
+readily assented, and, with his knife, cut one saddle loose, set the
+other on his back, and handed me the halter-strap as I mounted. The
+terrified animal, without bridle or spur, was off like a flash, and in a
+few minutes had carried me out of the mel&eacute;e. I still have and prize the
+saddle. The few who escaped from this affair, known as the battle of
+Sailor's Creek, by retreating a mile north came in proximity to another
+column of our troops marching on a parallel road.</p>
+
+<p>As I rode up I saw General Lee dismounted and standing on a railroad
+embankment, intently observing our fleeing men, who now began to throng
+about him. He very quietly but firmly let them know that it would be
+best not to collect in groups; the importance of which they at once
+understood and acted on.</p>
+
+<p>Approaching night, which on previous occasions, when conditions were
+reversed, had interfered to our disadvantage, now shielded us from
+further pursuit. It can readily be seen what demoralization would follow
+such an exhibition of our utter helplessness. But still there seemed to
+be no alternative but to prolong the agony, although perfectly assured
+that we could not escape death or capture, and that in a very brief
+time. Soon after nightfall I found our battery, which had traveled over
+a shorter and less exposed road, and thereby escaped the adventures
+which had fallen to my lot. Our course was now toward High Bridge, which
+spans the Appomattox River near Farmville. On we toiled throughout the
+night, making very slow progress, but not halting until near noon the
+following day. Under present conditions there were not the ordinary
+inducements to make a halt, as food for man and beast was not in
+evidence. I had not eaten a bite for forty-eight hours. Notwithstanding
+this, and as if to draw attention from our empty stomachs, orders came
+to countermarch and meet a threatened attack on the line in our rear. To
+this the two guns with their detachments promptly responded, reported to
+General Mahone and took part with his division in a spirited battle at
+Cumberland Church.</p>
+
+<p>It has been stated, by those who had opportunities of knowing, that
+Mahone's division was never driven from its position in battle
+throughout the four years of the war. True or not, it held good in this
+case, and those of our battery who took part with them were enthusiastic
+over the gallant fight they made under circumstances that were not
+inspiring. There being a surplus of men to man our two guns, Lieut. Cole
+Davis and Billy McCauley procured muskets and took part with the
+infantry sharpshooters. McCauley was killed. He was a model soldier,
+active and wiry as a cat and tough as a hickory sapling. He had seen
+infantry service before joining our battery, and, as already mentioned,
+had "rammed home" one hundred and seventy-five shells in the first
+battle of Fredericksburg. Another member of our company, Launcelot
+Minor, a boy of less than eighteen years, was shot through the lungs by
+a Minie-ball. Although he was thought to be dying, our old ambulance
+driver, John L. Moore, insisted on putting him into the ambulance, in
+which he eventually hauled him to his home in Albemarle County, fifty or
+sixty miles distant. After some days he regained consciousness,
+recovered entirely, and is now a successful and wealthy lawyer in
+Arkansas, and rejoices in meeting his old comrades at reunions. His
+first meeting with Moore after the incident related above was at a
+reunion of our company in Richmond thirty years after the war, and their
+greeting of each other was a memorable one.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XXIX" id="CHAPTER_XXIX"></a>CHAPTER XXIX</h2>
+
+<h3>APPOMATTOX</h3>
+
+
+<p>Another night was now at hand, and while it might be supposed that
+nothing could be added to intensify the suspense there certainly was
+nothing to allay it. Although there was little left to destroy, we
+passed heaps of burning papers, abandoned wagons, etc., along the
+roadsides.</p>
+
+<p>As each new scene or condition in our lives gives rise to some new and
+corresponding feeling or emotion, our environment at this time was such
+as to evoke sensations of dread and apprehension hitherto unknown.
+Moving parallel with us, and extending its folds like some huge reptile,
+was an army equipped with the best the world could afford&mdash;three-fold
+greater in numbers than our own&mdash;which in four years had never succeeded
+in defeating us in a general battle, but which we had repeatedly routed
+and driven to cover. Impatient of delay in effecting our overthrow in
+battle, in order to starve us out, marauding bands had scoured the
+country, leaving ashes and desolation in their wake.</p>
+
+<p>That now their opportunity to pay up old scores had come, we fully
+realized, and anticipated with dread the day of reckoning. General
+Grant, who was Commander-in-Chief of all the Federal armies, and at
+present personally in command of the army about us, was by no means
+regarded as a man of mercy. He had positively refused to exchange
+prisoners, thousands of whom on both sides were languishing and dying in
+the hands of their captors. It should be borne in mind, in this
+connection, that the offers to exchange had come from the Confederate
+authorities, and for the last two years of the war had been invariably
+rejected by the Federal Government. In the campaign beginning in May,
+1864, and ending with the evacuation of Richmond, Grant's army had
+sustained a loss greater in number than that of the whole army opposed
+to him.</p>
+
+<p>Among the ranks were foreigners of every nationality. I had seen, as
+prisoners in our hands, a whole brigade of Germans who could not speak a
+word of English. During the preceding winter we had been confronted with
+regiments of our former slaves. Our homes and people we were leaving
+behind to the mercy of these hordes, as if forever.</p>
+
+<p>Another and by no means unimportant consideration was whether to remain
+and meet results with the command, or for each man to shift for himself.
+Setting out from Richmond on the preceding Sunday, with no accumulation
+of vigor to draw on, we had passed a week with food and sleep scarcely
+sufficient for one day; and to cope with such exigencies as now
+confronted us, what a part the stomach does play! All in all, it was a
+situation of a lifetime that will ever abide in the gloomy recesses of
+memory. About eight o'clock on Sunday morning, April 9, as our two guns
+were entering the little village of Appomattox, several cannon-shots
+sounded in quick succession immediately in our front. Without word of
+command we came to our last halt.</p>
+
+<p>Turning out of the road we went into park, unhitched our hungry horses,
+and awaited developments. During the two preceding days several written
+communications had passed between Generals Lee and Grant, of which we
+knew nothing. Our suspense, however, was soon interrupted by the
+appearance of a Confederate officer, accompanied by a Federal officer
+with long, flowing yellow hair, and waving a white handkerchief as they
+galloped by. This was General Custer, of cavalry fame, and the
+conspicuous hero and victim of the Indian massacre, which bore his name,
+in Idaho ten years later.</p>
+
+<p>Several sharp encounters had occurred during the morning, in which our
+men displayed the same unflinching valor, capturing in a charge a
+Federal major-general (Gregg) and two pieces of artillery; but now all
+firing had ceased, and the stillness that followed was oppressive. As
+soon as it became known that General Lee had surrendered, although for
+days it had been perfectly understood that such a result was
+inevitable, there was for a time no little excitement and commotion
+among the men. That we should be subjected to abhorrent humiliation was
+conceived as a matter of course, and, to avoid it, all sorts of efforts
+and plans to escape were discussed. The one controlling influence,
+however, to allay such a feeling was the unbounded and unimpaired
+confidence in General Lee. The conduct and bearing of the men were
+characterized by the same sterling qualities they had always displayed.
+The only exhibition of petulance that I witnessed was by a staff officer
+who bore no scars or other evidence of hardships undergone, but who
+acquired great reputation after the war. He "could not submit to such
+degradation," etc., threw away his spurs and chafed quite dramatically.
+When a bystander suggested that we cut our way out, he objected that we
+had no arms. "We can follow those that have," was the reply, "and use
+the guns of those that fall!" He did not accede to the proposition; but
+later I heard him insist that one of our drivers should let him have his
+spurs, as he, the driver, would have no further use for them; but he did
+not get the spurs.</p>
+
+<p>By noon, or soon thereafter, the terms of the surrender were made
+known&mdash;terms so generous, considerate, and unlooked-for as scarcely
+believed to be possible. None of that exposure to the gaze and
+exultation of a victorious foe, such as we had seen pictured in our
+school-books, or as practised by conquering nations in all times. We
+had felt it as not improbable that, after an ordeal of mortifying
+exposure for the gratification of the military, we would be paraded
+through Northern cities for the benefit of jeering crowds. So, when we
+learned that we should be paroled, and go to our homes unmolested, the
+relief was unbounded.</p>
+
+<p>Early in the afternoon General Lee, mounted on "Traveler" and clad in a
+spotless new uniform, passed along on his return from an interview with
+General Grant. I stood close by the roadside, along which many of his
+old soldiers had gathered, in anticipation of his coming, and, in a life
+of more than three-score years, with perhaps more than ordinary
+opportunities of seeing inspiring sights, both of God's and man's
+creation, the impression and effect of General Lee's face and appearance
+as he rode by, hat in hand, stands pre-eminent. A few of the men started
+to cheer, but almost instantly ceased, and stood in silence with the
+others&mdash;all with heads bared.</p>
+
+<p>The favorable and entirely unexpected terms of surrender wonderfully
+restored our souls; and at once plans, first for returning to our homes,
+and then for starting life anew, afforded ample interest and
+entertainment. One of the privileges granted in the terms of surrender
+was the retention, by officers and cavalrymen, of their own horses. My
+recent acquisition at Sailor's Creek had put me in possession of a
+horse, but to retain him was the difficulty, as I was neither officer
+nor cavalryman. Buoyed up with the excitement of bursting shells and
+the noise of battle, he had carried me out gamely, but, this over, there
+was but little life in him. I transferred the saddle and bridle to a
+horse abandoned in the road with some artillery, and left my old
+benefactor standing, with limbs wide apart and head down, for his
+original owners.</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<img src="images/illus17.jpg" alt="Parole"  />
+<a id="illus17" name="illus17"></a>
+</p>
+<p class='center'> <span class="smcap">Fac-simile of parole signed by General
+Pendleton</span></p>
+
+<p>To accomplish my purpose of going out with a horse, two obstacles had
+first to be overcome. Being only a cannoneer, I was not supposed to own
+a horse, so I must be something else. I laid the case before General
+Pendleton, our old neighbor in Lexington, and my former school-teacher.
+It was rather late to give me a commission, but he at once appointed me
+a courier on his staff, and as such I was paroled, and still have the
+valued little paper, a <i>fac-simile</i> of which is shown opposite.</p>
+
+<p>The next difficulty to be met, the horse I had exchanged for was branded
+C. S., and, even if allowed to pass then, I feared would be confiscated
+later. There was a handsome sorrel, also branded C. S., among our battery
+horses, to which Lieut. Ned Dandridge, of General Pendleton's staff, had
+taken a fancy. For the sorrel he substituted a big, bony young bay of
+his own. I replaced the bay with my C. S. horse, and was now equipped for
+peace. The branded sorrel was soon taken by the Federals.</p>
+
+<p>After resting and fattening my bay, I sold him for a good price, and was
+thus enabled to return to Washington College and serve again under
+General Lee.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="APPENDIX" id="APPENDIX"></a>APPENDIX</h2>
+
+
+<p>Under an act of the General Assembly of Virginia, 1898, the Camps of
+Confederate Veterans, organized in the several cities and towns of the
+Commonwealth, were authorized to prepare lists of the citizens of their
+respective counties who served as soldiers during the war between the
+States, and of those belonging to such companies, and these lists were
+to be duly recorded by the Clerks of the County Courts of the counties
+and kept among the Court Records. The following list is taken from this
+record, and is as nearly accurate as is possible at this date:</p>
+
+
+<h3>ROCKBRIDGE ARTILLERY</h3>
+
+<h4>ROLL OF COMPANY</h4> <p style="margin-left: 10em;">[The names with a star prefixed are the men from
+Rockbridge County.]</p>
+
+<p>The enrollment of the Rockbridge Artillery began April 19, 1861, and by
+the 21st the company numbered about seventy men, and was organized by
+the election of the following officers: Captain, John McCausland; and J.
+Bowyer Brockenbrough, Wm. McLaughlin and Wm. T. Poague, lieutenants.
+Captain McCausland soon thereafter was made lieutenant-colonel and
+ordered to the western part of the State. On the 29th of April the
+company unanimously elected Rev. Wm. N. Pendleton captain.</p>
+
+<p>The company left Lexington for the seat of war May 10, 1861, with two
+small, brass six-pounders obtained at the Virginia Military Institute.
+It was regularly mustered into the Confederate service at Staunton,
+Virginia, on May 11, and at once ordered to Harper's Ferry, where it
+received two more guns. After the First Brigade was organized, under
+Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, the Rockbridge Artillery was assigned to it, and
+continued a component part of the Stonewall Brigade, in touch with and
+occupying the same positions with it in all its battles and skirmishes
+up to Sharpsburg.</p>
+
+<p>Upon the reorganization of the artillery, in October, 1862, the battery
+was assigned to the First Regiment Virginia Artillery, under the command
+of Col. J. Thompson Brown, and continued with it till the close of the
+war. The first fight it was engaged in, and which made a part of its
+history, occurred July 2 near Hainesville, when General Patterson
+crossed the Potomac and advanced on Winchester. But one piece was
+engaged, and this fired the first shot from a Confederate gun in the
+Shenandoah Valley.</p>
+
+<p>The battery had five captains from first to last: First, John
+McCausland, afterward brigadier-general of cavalry; second, Rev. Wm. N.
+Pendleton, D. D., in command from May 1, 1861, until after the first
+battle of Manassas, afterward brigadier-general and chief of artillery
+in the Army of Northern Virginia; third, Wm. McLaughlin, afterward
+lieutenant-colonel of artillery, in command until April 2, 1862; fourth,
+Wm. T. Poague, afterward lieutenant-colonel of artillery, Army of
+Northern Virginia, in command until after the first battle of
+Fredericksburg; fifth, Archibald Graham, from that time until the
+surrender at Appomattox, at which place ninety-three men and officers
+laid down their arms.</p>
+
+<p>This company had the reputation of being one of the finest companies in
+the service. So high was the intellectual quality of the men that
+forty-five were commissioned as officers and assigned to other companies
+in the service. Many of them reached high distinction. At no time during
+the war did this company want for recruits, but it was so popular that
+it always had a list from which it could fill its ranks, which were
+sometimes depleted by its heavy casualties and numerous promotions from
+its roster.</p>
+
+<p>The following officers and men were mustered into the service of the
+Confederate States at Staunton, Virginia, on the 11th day of May, 1861:</p>
+
+<p>*Captain W. N. Pendleton; brigadier-general, chief of artillery A.N.V.;
+paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*First Lieutenant J. B. Brockenbrough; wounded at first Manassas;
+captain Baltimore Artillery, major of artillery A.N.V.</p>
+
+<p>*Second Lieutenant Wm. McLaughlin; captain; lieutenant-colonel of
+artillery.</p>
+
+<p>*Second Lieutenant W. T. Poague; captain; lieutenant-colonel of
+artillery A.N.V.; wounded at second Cold Harbor; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*First Sergeant J. McD. Alexander; lieutenant Rockbridge Artillery;
+entered cavalry.</p>
+
+<p>*Second Sergeant J. Cole Davis; lieutenant Rockbridge Artillery; wounded
+at Port Republic; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Third Sergeant Archibald Graham; lieutenant and captain Rockbridge
+Artillery; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+
+<h4>PRIVATES</h4>
+
+<p>*Agner, Jos. S.; killed at Fredericksburg December 13, 1862.</p>
+
+<p>*Ayres, Jas.; discharged for physical disability August, 1861.</p>
+
+<p>*Ayres, N. B.; deserted, went into Federal army.</p>
+
+<p>*Anderson, S. D.; killed at Kernstown March 23, 1862.</p>
+
+<p>*Beard, John; killed at Fredericksburg December 13, 1862.</p>
+
+<p>*Beard, W. B.; died from effects of measles summer of 1861.</p>
+
+<p>*Bain, Samuel.</p>
+
+<p>*Brockenbrough, W. N.; corporal; transferred to Baltimore Light
+Artillery.</p>
+
+<p>*Brown, W. M.; corporal, sergeant, lieutenant; wounded and captured at
+Gettysburg.</p>
+
+<p>*Bumpus, W. N.; corporal; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Conner, Blain; discharged for physical disability in spring, 1861.</p>
+
+<p>*Conner, George; arm broken by stallion; absent after winter of 1861-62.</p>
+
+<p>*Conner, Jas. A.; wounded at Sharpsburg and Gettysburg; took the oath in
+prison and joined Federal army and fought Indians in Northwest.</p>
+
+<p>*Conner, John C.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Coffee, A. W.</p>
+
+<p>*Craig, John B.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Crosen, W.</p>
+
+<p>*Curran, Daniel; died from disease in summer of 1862.</p>
+
+<p>*Davis, Mark; deserted.</p>
+
+<p>*Davis, R. G.; died from disease in 1861.</p>
+
+<p>*Doran, John; wounded at Malvern Hill in 1862; disabled.</p>
+
+<p>*Dudley, R. M.</p>
+
+<p>*Ford, Henry; discharged after one year.</p>
+
+<p>*Ford, Jas. A.; wounded.</p>
+
+<p>*Gibbs, J. T., Jr.; wounded at Port Republic June 22, 1862; died from
+disease.</p>
+
+<p>*Gold, J. M.; captured at Gettysburg and died in prison.</p>
+
+<p>*Gordon, W. C.; wounded at Fredericksburg; disabled.</p>
+
+<p>*Harris, Alex.; captured at Gettysburg and died in prison.</p>
+
+<p>*Harris, Bowlin; captured at Gettysburg; kept in prison.</p>
+
+<p>*Hetterick, Ferdinand; discharged after one year.</p>
+
+<p>*Henry, N. S.; corporal, sergeant; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Hughes, Wm.; discharged.</p>
+
+<p>*Hostetter, G. W.; transferred to infantry.</p>
+
+<p>*Johnson, Lawson; died in summer of 1861.</p>
+
+<p>*Johnson, W. F.; corporal, quartermaster sergeant; paroled at
+Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Jordan, J. W.; wounded at first Manassas; corporal, sergeant,
+lieutenant; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Leopard, Jas.; transferred to Carpenter's battery.</p>
+
+<p>*Lewis, Henry P.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Lewis, R. P.; transferred to cavalry in spring of 1862.</p>
+
+<p>*Leyburn, John; lieutenant Rockbridge Artillery; surgeon on privateer.</p>
+
+<p>*Martin, Thomas; wounded and captured at Gettysburg.</p>
+
+<p>*McCampbell, D. A.; died from disease in December, 1864.</p>
+
+<p>*McCampbell, W. H.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*McCluer, John G.; corporal Rockbridge Artillery; transferred to
+cavalry.</p>
+
+<p>*McCorkle, J. Baxter; corporal, sergeant, lieutenant Rockbridge
+Artillery; killed at first Fredericksburg.</p>
+
+<p>*Montgomery, W. G.; killed at first Fredericksburg.</p>
+
+<p>*Moore, D. E.; corporal, sergeant; wounded at Winchester and at Malvern
+Hill; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Moore, John D.; quartermaster sergeant; captured after Gettysburg,
+prisoner until close of war.</p>
+
+<p>*Moore, Samuel R.; mortally wounded at Sharpsburg.</p>
+
+<p>*Morgan, G. W.; sick and absent most of the time.</p>
+
+<p>*O'Rourke, Frank; wounded at Malvern Hill; deserted.</p>
+
+<p>*Paxton, J. Lewis; sergeant; lost leg at Kernstown.</p>
+
+<p>*Phillips, James.</p>
+
+<p>*Preston, Frank; lost an arm at Winchester May 25, 1862; captain
+Virginia Military Institute Company.</p>
+
+<p>*Raynes, A. G.; detailed as miller.</p>
+
+<p>*Rader, D. P.; wounded at Fredericksburg December 13, 1862.</p>
+
+<p>*Rhodes, J. N.; discharged, over age.</p>
+
+<p>*Smith, Joseph S.; transferred to cavalry; killed in battle.</p>
+
+<p>*Smith, S. C.; corporal, sergeant; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Smith, Adam; discharged after one year.</p>
+
+<p>*Strickler, James.</p>
+
+<p>*Strickler, W. L.; corporal, sergeant; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Silvey, James; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Tharp, Benjamin F.; transferred to cavalry in spring of 1862.</p>
+
+<p>*Thompson, John A.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Thompson, S. G.</p>
+
+<p>*Tompkins, J. F.; corporal; detailed in Ordnance Department.</p>
+
+<p>*Trevy, Jacob; wounded at Gettysburg; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Wallace, John; killed at Kernstown March 23, 1862.</p>
+
+<p>*Wilson, S. A.; discharged for physical disability August, 1861; joined
+cavalry.</p>
+
+<p>The following joined the battery after May 11, 1861; dates of enlistment
+being given as far as known:</p>
+
+<p>*Adams, Thomas T.; enlisted 1863; discharged; later killed in battle.</p>
+
+<p>*Adkins, Blackburn; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Agner, Oscar W.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Agner, John; enlisted July 21, 1861.</p>
+
+<p>*Agner, Jonathan; enlisted July 29, 1861; killed at Kernstown May 25,
+1862.</p>
+
+<p>*Agner, Samuel S.; enlisted fall of 1862.</p>
+
+<p>Alexander, Edgar S.; enlisted September 2, 1861; lost an arm at
+Fredericksburg, 1862.</p>
+
+<p>Alexander, Eugene; enlisted August 23, 1861; wounded at second Manassas;
+transferred to cavalry.</p>
+
+<p>Armisted, Charles J.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Arnold, A. E.; enlisted September 1, 1861; corporal, assistant surgeon.</p>
+
+<p>Bacon, Edloe P.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Bacon, Edloe P., Jr.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Baldwin, William Ludlow; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Barger, William G.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Barton, David R.; enlisted June 27, 1861; lieutenant in Cutshaw's
+battery; killed.</p>
+
+<p>Barton, Robert T.; enlisted March 7, 1862.</p>
+
+<p>Bedinger, G. R.; July 9, 1861; transferred to infantry; killed at
+Gettysburg; captain.</p>
+
+<p>Bealle, Jerry T.; enlisted November 21, 1861.</p>
+
+<p>Bell, Robert S.; enlisted November 19, 1861; killed at Rappahannock
+Station.</p>
+
+<p>*Black, Benjamin F.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Blain, Daniel; enlisted May 27, 1861; detailed in Ordnance Department;
+paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Blackford, L. M.; enlisted September 2, 1861; adjutant Twenty-sixth
+Virginia Infantry.</p>
+
+<p>Boiling, W. H.; enlisted March 10, 1862; corporal.</p>
+
+<p>Boteler, A. R., Jr.; enlisted March 1, 1862; wounded May 25, 1862.</p>
+
+<p>Boteler, Charles P.; enlisted October 23, 1861; transferred to cavalry.</p>
+
+<p>Boteler, Henry; enlisted October 10, 1861; corporal; paroled at
+Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Boyd, E. Holmes; enlisted June 28, 1861; transferred to Ordnance
+Department.</p>
+
+<p>Brooke, Pendleton; enlisted October 28, 1861; discharged for physical
+disability.</p>
+
+<p>Brown, H. C.; enlisted 1862; detailed in Signal Corps.</p>
+
+<p>*Brown, John L.; enlisted July 23, 1861; killed at Malvern Hill.</p>
+
+<p>Brown, John M.; enlisted March 11, 1862; wounded at Malvern Hill;
+paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Bryan, Edward; enlisted November 22, 1861.</p>
+
+<p>Burwell, Lewis P.; enlisted September 21, 1861; transferred.</p>
+
+<p>Byers, G. Newton; enlisted August 23, 1861; corporal; paroled at
+Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Byrd, W. H.; enlisted August 15, 1861; killed at Kernstown March 23,
+1862.</p>
+
+<p>*Byrd, William.</p>
+
+<p>*Carson, William; enlisted July 23, 1861; corporal; paroled at
+Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Caruthers, Thornton; enlisted December 21, 1862.</p>
+
+<p>*Chapin, W. T.</p>
+
+<p>Clark, James G.; enlisted June 15, 1861; transferred.</p>
+
+<p>Clark, J. Gregory; enlisted July 16, 1862; transferred.</p>
+
+<p>Cook, Richard D.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Compton, Robert K.; enlisted July 25, 1861; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Conner, Alexander; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded May 25, 1862, at
+Winchester; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Conner, Daniel; enlisted July 27, 1862.</p>
+
+<p>*Conner, Fitz G.</p>
+
+<p>*Conner, Henry C.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Cox, W. H.; enlisted July 23, 1861.</p>
+
+<p>*Craig, Joseph E.; enlisted March 2, 1863.</p>
+
+<p>*Crocken, Francis J.; enlisted March 21, 1862.</p>
+
+<p>Dandridge, Stephen A.; enlisted 1862; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Darnall, Andrew M.; captured at Deep Bottom.</p>
+
+<p>Darnall, Henry T.; enlisted July 23, 1861; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Davis, Charles W.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Davis, James M. M.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Davis, John E.; died from disease June, 1864.</p>
+
+<p>*Dixon, W. H. H.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded December 13, 1862;
+paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Dold, C. M.; enlisted March 3, 1862; wounded at Newtown; paroled at
+Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Effinger, W. H.; wounded at Sharpsburg; transferred to engineers.</p>
+
+<p>Emmett, Michael J.; enlisted June 15, 1861; wounded and captured at
+Gettysburg.</p>
+
+<p>Eppes, W. H.; wounded September, 1862.</p>
+
+<p>*Estill, W. C.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Fairfax, Randolph; enlisted August 10, 1861; wounded at Malvern Hill;
+killed at first Fredericksburg.</p>
+
+<p>Faulkner, E. Boyd; enlisted July 23, 1862; detailed at headquarters.</p>
+
+<p>Fishburne, C. D.; enlisted June 21, 1861; sergeant; lieutenant in
+Ordnance Department.</p>
+
+<p>Foutz, Henry; enlisted September 6, 1862; killed at first
+Fredericksburg.</p>
+
+<p>Frazer, Robert; enlisted November 28, 1862; wounded at first
+Fredericksburg.</p>
+
+<p>Friend, Ben C. M.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Fuller, John; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded at Malvern Hill; killed
+at first Fredericksburg.</p>
+
+<p>Garnett, James M.; enlisted July 17, 1861; lieutenant on staff.</p>
+
+<p>Gerardi, Edward.</p>
+
+<p>Gibson, Henry B.; enlisted May 13, 1862.</p>
+
+<p>Gibson, John T.; enlisted August 14, 1861.</p>
+
+<p>Gibson, Robert A.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Gilliam, William T.</p>
+
+<p>Gilmer, James B.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Gilmore, J. Harvey; enlisted March 7, 1862; chaplain.</p>
+
+<p>*Ginger, George A.; enlisted March 6, 1862; wounded at Newtown; paroled
+at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Ginger, W. L.; enlisted March 6, 1862; wounded and captured at
+Gettysburg; prisoner till close of war.</p>
+
+<p>*Gold, Alfred; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded at second Fredericksburg.</p>
+
+<p>Gooch, James T.; transferred from engineers in 1863; paroled at
+Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Goul, John M.; enlisted June 14, 1861; chaplain A.N.V.; died of fever
+in service.</p>
+
+<p>*Gray, O. P.; enlisted March 21, 1862; killed at Kernstown March 23,
+1862.</p>
+
+<p>Gregory, John M.; enlisted September 7, 1861; wounded May 25, 1862;
+captain in Ordnance Department.</p>
+
+<p>*Green, Thomas; enlisted 1862; transferred.</p>
+
+<p>*Green, Zach.; enlisted 1862; transferred.</p>
+
+<p>Gross, Charles; enlisted July 27, 1862.</p>
+
+<p>*Hall, John F.; enlisted July 23, 1861; died near Richmond, 1862.</p>
+
+<p>Heiskell, J. Campbell; enlisted February 9, 1862; wounded in 1864;
+paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Heiskell, J. P.; enlisted 1862; discharged for physical disability.</p>
+
+<p>*Herndon, Francis T.; enlisted March 31, 1862; killed at Malvern Hill.</p>
+
+<p>Hitner, John K.; enlisted March 17, 1862; wounded.</p>
+
+<p>*Holmes, John A.; enlisted March 11, 1862.</p>
+
+<p>*Houston, James Rutherford; enlisted July 23, 1861.</p>
+
+<p>Houston, William W.; enlisted August 10, 1861; chaplain A.N.V.</p>
+
+<p>Hughes, William; enlisted July 23, 1861.</p>
+
+<p>Hummerickhouse, John R.; enlisted March 28, 1862.</p>
+
+<p>Hyde, Edward H.; enlisted March 28, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Johnson, Thomas E.</p>
+
+<p>Jones, Beverly R.; enlisted July 3, 1861.</p>
+
+<p>Kean, Otho G.; enlisted after capture at Vicksburg; paroled at
+Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Kean, William C.; enlisted fall of 1861; transferred.</p>
+
+<p>*Knick, William; enlisted August 11, 1862; mortally wounded at second
+Fredericksburg.</p>
+
+<p>Lacy, Richard B.</p>
+
+<p>Lacy, William S.; enlisted March 17, 1862; detailed in Signal Service;
+chaplain.</p>
+
+<p>Lawson, Joseph; enlisted July 20, 1863.</p>
+
+<p>Lawson, William; enlisted July 20, 1863.</p>
+
+<p>Leathers, John P.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Lecky, John H.; enlisted July 23, 1861; transferred to cavalry.</p>
+
+<p>Lee, Robert E., Jr.; enlisted March 26, 1862; lieutenant on staff, and
+captain.</p>
+
+<p>*Leech, James M.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Letcher, Samuel H.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Lewis, James P.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded.</p>
+
+<p>Lewis, Nicholas H.; enlisted June 17, 1861.</p>
+
+<p>*Link, David; transferred from Rice's battery.</p>
+
+<p>Luke, Williamson; enlisted October 7, 1861; soon transferred to cavalry.</p>
+
+<p>*McAlpin, Joseph; enlisted March 3, 1862; mortally wounded at first
+Fredericksburg.</p>
+
+<p>*McCauley, John E.; enlisted July 23, 1861; corporal, sergeant; paroled
+at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*McCauley, William H.; transferred from infantry; corporal; killed April
+7, 1865.</p>
+
+<p>*McClintic, W. S.; enlisted October 4, 1861; wounded; paroled at
+Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*McCorkle, Tazwell E.; enlisted in Hamden Sidney Company in 1861;
+captured at Rich Mountain; joined battery in 1864.</p>
+
+<p>*McCorkle, Thomas E.; enlisted March 9, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*McCorkle, William A.; enlisted July 23, 1861; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*McCrum, R. Barton; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>McGuire, Hugh H., Jr.; enlisted March 10; transferred to cavalry;
+captain; killed.</p>
+
+<p>McKim, Robert B.; enlisted July 6, 1861; killed at Winchester May 25,
+1862.</p>
+
+<p>Macon, Lyttleton S.; enlisted June 27, 1861; corporal, sergeant;
+discharged.</p>
+
+<p>Magruder, Davenport D.; enlisted March 1, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Magruder, Horatio E.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Marshall, John J.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Marshall, Oscar M.; enlisted March 6, 1862.</p>
+
+<p>Massie, John Livingstone; enlisted May 15, 1861; captain of artillery;
+killed.</p>
+
+<p>*Mateer, Samuel L.; enlisted January 11, 1863; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Maury, Magruder; enlisted in fall of 1861; transferred to cavalry.</p>
+
+<p>Maury, Thompson B.; enlisted in fall of 1861; detailed in Signal
+Service.</p>
+
+<p>Meade, Francis A.; enlisted November, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Merrick, Alfred D.; enlisted December 30, 1861.</p>
+
+<p>Minor, Charles; enlisted November 16, 1861; transferred to engineers.</p>
+
+<p>Minor, Carter N. B.; enlisted July 27, 1861.</p>
+
+<p>Minor, Launcelot; wounded at Cumberland Church.</p>
+
+<p>*Moore, Edward A.; enlisted March 3, 1862; wounded at Sharpsburg and
+twice at second Cold Harbor; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Moore, John H.; transferred from Rockbridge Rifles in spring of 1861;
+wounded; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Moore, John L.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded.</p>
+
+<p>*Mooterspaugh, William; enlisted 1862; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Montgomery, Ben T.; transferred from another battery; paroled at
+Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Myers, John M.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Nelson, Francis K.; enlisted May 17, 1861; transferred to Albemarle
+Light Horse.</p>
+
+<p>Nelson, Kinloch; transferred from Albemarle Light Horse; disabled by
+caisson turning over on him.</p>
+
+<p>Nelson, Philip; enlisted July 27, 1861; discharged by furnishing
+substitute.</p>
+
+<p>*Nicely, George H.; enlisted March 7, 1862; died from disease, 1864.</p>
+
+<p>*Nicely, James W.; enlisted March 7, 1862; deserted.</p>
+
+<p>*Nicely, John F.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded at Port Republic.</p>
+
+<p>Otey, William M.; enlisted 1862; transferred soon thereafter.</p>
+
+<p>Packard, Joseph; enlisted July 7, 1861; corporal; lieutenant Ordnance
+Department.</p>
+
+<p>Packard, Walter J.; enlisted October 23, 1861; died summer of 1862.</p>
+
+<p>Page, Richard C. M.; enlisted July 14, 1861; transferred; captain; major
+artillery.</p>
+
+<p>Page, R. Powell; enlisted May 1, 1864; detailed courier to Colonel
+Carter.</p>
+
+<p>Paine, Henry M.</p>
+
+<p>*Paine, Henry R.; enlisted July 23, 1861; corporal, sergeant; killed at
+second Manassas.</p>
+
+<p>Paine, James A.</p>
+
+<p>*Paxton, Samuel A.; enlisted March 7, 1862.</p>
+
+<p>Pendleton, Dudley D.; enlisted June 19, 1861;
+captain and assistant adjutant-general, artillery A.N.V.</p>
+
+<p>*Pleasants, Robert A.; enlisted March 3, 1863.</p>
+
+<p>Pollard, James G.; enlisted July 27, 1864; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Porter, Mouina G.; enlisted September 24, 1861; detailed courier.</p>
+
+<p>*Phillips, Charles; detailed in Signal Service.</p>
+
+<p>*Pugh, George W.; enlisted March 6, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Pugh, John A.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Rawlings, James M.</p>
+
+<p>*Rentzell, George W.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded at Kernstown and
+disabled.</p>
+
+<p>*Robertson, John W.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson, Arthur; enlisted March 28, 1862; mortally wounded at first
+Fredericksburg.</p>
+
+<p>*Root, Erastus C.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Ruffin, Jefferson; transferred from another battery; paroled at
+Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Rutledge, Charles A.; enlisted November 3, 1861; transferred.</p>
+
+<p>*Sandford, James; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Saville, John; enlisted July 23, 1861; transferred to cavalry; died in
+service.</p>
+
+<p>*Shaner, Joseph F.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded at first
+Fredericksburg; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Shaw, Campbell A.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Shoulder, Jacob M.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Singleton, William F.; enlisted June 3, 1861; wounded and captured at
+Port Republic.</p>
+
+<p>*Schammerhorn, John G.</p>
+
+<p>Smith, J. Howard; enlisted September 2, 1861; lieutenant in Ordnance
+Department.</p>
+
+<p>Smith, James P.; enlisted July 9, 1861; lieutenant and captain on staff
+of General Jackson.</p>
+
+<p>Smith, James Morrison.</p>
+
+<p>Smith, Summerfield; enlisted September 2, 1861; died from disease.</p>
+
+<p>Stuart, G. W. C.; enlisted May 13, 1862; wounded May 25, 1862; killed at
+second Fredericksburg.</p>
+
+<p>*Strickler, Joseph; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Stuart, W. C.; wounded at second Cold Harbor; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Swan, Minor W.; enlisted August 15, 1863; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Swan, Robert W.</p>
+
+<p>*Swisher, Benjamin R.; enlisted March 3, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Swisher, George W.; enlisted March 3, 1862; wounded May 25, 1862;
+paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Swisher, Samuel S.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Tate, James F.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Taylor, Charles F.</p>
+
+<p>Taylor, Stevens M.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Thompson, Ambrose; died July, 1864.</p>
+
+<p>*Thompson, Lucas P.; enlisted August 15, 1861; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Tidball, Thomas H.; enlisted March 3, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Timberlake, Francis H.</p>
+
+<p>*Tomlinson, James W.; enlisted July 23, 1861.</p>
+
+<p>Trice, Leroy F.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Trueheart, Charles W.; enlisted October 24, 1861; corporal, assistant
+surgeon.</p>
+
+<p>Tyler, D. Gardner; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Tyler, John Alexander; enlisted April, 1865; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Van Pelt, Robert; enlisted July 23, 1861.</p>
+
+<p>Veers, Charles O.; enlisted September 10, 1861; transferred to cavalry
+soon thereafter.</p>
+
+<p>*Vest, Andrew J.; enlisted July 23, 1861; discharged.</p>
+
+<p>*Wade, Thomas M.; enlisted March 7, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Walker, George A.; enlisted July 23, 1861; transferred to Carpenter's
+battery.</p>
+
+<p>*Walker, James S.; enlisted July 23, 1861; transferred to Carpenter's
+battery.</p>
+
+<p>*Walker, John W.; enlisted July 23, 1861; transferred to Carpenter's
+battery.</p>
+
+<p>Whitt, Algernon S.; enlisted August 8, 1861; corporal; paroled at
+Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*White, William H.; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>Williams, John J.; enlisted July 15, 1861; transferred to Chew's
+battery.</p>
+
+<p>*Williamson, Thomas; wounded at Gettysburg; escaped at Appomattox with
+the cavalry.</p>
+
+<p>*Williamson, William G.; enlisted July 5, 1861; captain of engineers.</p>
+
+<p>*Wilson, Calvin.</p>
+
+<p>*Wilson, John; enlisted July 22, 1861; prisoner after Gettysburg; took
+the oath.</p>
+
+<p>*Wiseman, William; enlisted March 10, 1862.</p>
+
+<p>*Wilson, Samuel A.; enlisted March 3, 1862; wounded at Gettysburg;
+captured; died in prison.</p>
+
+<p>*Wilson, William M.; enlisted August 12, 1861; corporal.</p>
+
+<p>Winston, Robert B.; enlisted August 25, 1861.</p>
+
+<p>*Withrow, John; paroled at Appomattox.</p>
+
+<p>*Woody, Henry; transferred from infantry, 1864; deserted.</p>
+
+<p>*Wright, John W.; enlisted 1864; wounded and disabled at Spottsylvania
+Court House.</p>
+
+<p>Young, Charles E.; enlisted March 17, 1862.</p>
+
+
+<p>The Rockbridge Artillery took part in the following engagements:</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 5em;">
+Hainesville, July 2, 1861.<br />
+First Manassas, July 21, 1861.<br />
+Kernstown, March 23, 1862.<br />
+Winchester, May 25, 1862.<br />
+Charlestown, May, 1862.<br />
+Port Republic, June 8 and 9, 1862.<br />
+White Oak Swamp, June 30, and Malvern Hill, July 1, 1862.<br />
+Cedar Run, August 9, 1862.<br />
+Second Manassas, August 28, 29 and 30, 1862.<br />
+Harper's Ferry, September 15, 1862.<br />
+Sharpsburg, September 17, 1862.<br />
+First Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862.<br />
+Second Fredericksburg, May 2 and 3, 1863.<br />
+Winchester, June 14, 1863.<br />
+Gettysburg, July 2 and 3, 1863.<br />
+Rappahannock Bridge, November 9, 1863.<br />
+Mine Run, November 27, 1863.<br />
+Spottsylvania Court House, May 12, 1864.<br />
+Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864.<br />
+Deep Bottom, July 27, 1864.<br />
+New Market Heights, September, 1864.<br />
+Fort Gilmore, 1864.<br />
+Cumberland Church, April 7, 1865.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>The battery saw much service in fighting gunboats on James River, and
+took part in many skirmishes not mentioned.</p>
+
+<p>The number of men, enrolled as above, is three hundred and five (305),
+of whom one hundred and seventy-three (173) were from the county of
+Rockbridge. Of the remainder, a large part were students, college
+graduates, University of Virginia men, and some divinity students.
+These, with the sturdy men from among the farmers and business men of
+Rockbridge, made up a company admirably fitted for the artillery
+service.</p>
+
+<p>The efficiency of the battery was due in no small part to its capacity
+for rapid marching and maneuvering, and this to the care and management
+of the horses mainly by men from this county. In the spring of 1862 a
+large number of men was recruited for the battery, whose names are not
+on the above roll, and some of whom were engaged in the battle of
+Kernstown. In April, 1862, while encamped at Swift Run Gap, authority
+was given by General Jackson to reorganize the battery, making three
+companies thereof, with the view to form a battalion. Immediately after
+two companies had been organized by the election of officers, the
+authority for making three companies was revoked, and an order issued
+to form one company only, and giving to all the men not embraced in this
+one company the privilege of selecting a company in any branch of the
+service. A large number of men, thus temporarily connected with the
+Rockbridge Artillery, availed themselves of this privilege whose names
+do not appear on the above roll. It would now be impossible to make up
+this list.</p>
+
+
+<h4>RECAPITULATION</h4>
+
+<p>Enrolled as above, three hundred and five (305).</p>
+
+<p>Number from Rockbridge County, one hundred and seventy-three (173).</p>
+
+<p>Killed in battle, twenty-three (23).</p>
+
+<p>Died of disease contracted in service, sixteen (16).</p>
+
+<p>Wounded more or less severely, forty-nine (49).</p>
+
+<p>Slightly wounded, names not given, about fifty (50).</p>
+
+<p>Discharged from service for disability incurred therein, ten (10).</p>
+
+<p>Took the oath of allegiance to Federal Government while in prison, two
+(2).</p>
+
+<p>Deserted, five (5).</p>
+
+<p>Promoted to be commissioned officers, thirty-nine (39).</p>
+
+<p>Paroled at Appomattox, ninety-three (93).</p>
+
+<p>So great was the loss of horses, there having been over a hundred in
+this battery killed in battle, that during the last year of the war they
+were unhitched from the guns after going into action and taken to the
+rear for safety.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Story of a Cannoneer Under
+Stonewall Jackson, by Edward A. Moore
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE STORY OF A CANNONEER ***
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+</body>
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Story of a Cannoneer Under Stonewall
+Jackson, by Edward A. Moore
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Story of a Cannoneer Under Stonewall Jackson
+
+Author: Edward A. Moore
+
+Release Date: July 13, 2007 [EBook #22067]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE STORY OF A CANNONEER ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Suzanne Shell,Graeme Mackreth and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THE STORY OF A CANNONEER UNDER STONEWALL JACKSON
+
+[Illustration: GENERAL "STONEWALL" JACKSON
+
+FRONTISPIECE]
+
+The Story of a Cannoneer
+Under Stonewall Jackson
+
+
+IN WHICH IS TOLD THE PART TAKEN BY THE
+ROCKBRIDGE ARTILLERY IN THE ARMY
+OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA
+
+
+BY
+EDWARD A. MOORE
+Of the Rockbridge Artillery
+
+
+WITH INTRODUCTIONS BY
+CAPT. ROBERT E. LEE, JR., and HON. HENRY
+ST. GEORGE TUCKER
+
+
+_Fully Illustrated by Portraits_
+
+
+NEW YORK AND WASHINGTON
+THE NEALE PUBLISHING COMPANY
+1907
+
+Copyright, 1907, by
+
+E. A. MOORE
+
+
+
+
+TO MY COMRADES
+
+OF THE
+
+ROCKBRIDGE ARTILLERY
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+                                                                   PAGE
+
+Introduction by Capt. Robert E. Lee, Jr                             13
+
+Introduction by Henry St. George Tucker                             15
+
+I--Washington College--Lexington--Virginia Military
+Institute                                                           19
+
+II--Entering the Service--My First Battle--Battle of
+Kernstown                                                           25
+
+III--The Retreat--Cedar Creek--General
+Ashby--Skirmishes--McGaheysville                                    34
+
+IV--Swift Run Gap--Reorganization of the Battery--Wading
+in the Mud--Crossing and Recrossing the Blue Ridge--Battle
+of McDowell--Return to the Valley                                   43
+
+V--Bridgewater--Luray Valley--Front Royal--Following
+General Banks--Night March--Battle of
+Winchester--Banks's Retreat                                         52
+
+VI--Capturing Federal Cavalry--Charlestown--Extraordinary
+March                                                               60
+
+VII--General Jackson Narrowly Escapes Being Captured
+at Port Republic--Contest Between Confederates
+and Federals for Bridge over Shenandoah                             66
+
+VIII--Battle of Port Republic                                       72
+
+IX--From Brown's Gap to Staunton--From Staunton
+to Richmond--Cold Harbor--General Lee Visits
+His Son in the Battery                                              77
+
+X--General Jackson Compliments the Battery--Malvern
+Hill--My Visit to Richmond                                          86
+
+XI--From Richmond to Gordonsville--Battle of Cedar
+Run--Death of General Winder--Deserters Shot--Cross
+the Rappahannock                                                    93
+
+XII--Capture of Railroad Trains at Manassas Junction--Battle
+with Taylor's New Jersey Brigade--Night March by Light of
+Burning Cars                                                       102
+
+XIII--Circuitous Night March--First Day of Second
+Manassas--Arrival of Longstreet's Corps                            110
+
+XIV--The Second Battle of Manassas--Incidents and
+Scenes on the Battlefield                                          117
+
+XV--Battle of Chantilly--Leesburg--Crossing the Potomac            125
+
+XVI--Maryland--My Day in Frederick City                            130
+
+XVII--Return to Virginia--Investment and Capture of
+Harper's Ferry                                                     138
+
+XVIII--Into Maryland Again--Battle of
+Sharpsburg--Wounded--Return to Winchester--Home                    144
+
+XIX--Return to Army--In Winter-quarters Near Port
+Royal                                                              161
+
+XX--Second Battle of Fredericksburg--Chancellorsville--Wounding
+and Death of Stonewall Jackson                                     170
+
+XXI--Opening of Campaign of 1863--Crossing to the
+Valley--Battle at Winchester with Milroy--Crossing
+the Potomac                                                        179
+
+XXII--On the Way to Gettysburg--Battle of
+Gettysburg--Retreat.                                               187
+
+XXIII--At "The Bower"--Return to Orange County, Virginia--Blue
+Run Church--Bristow Station--Rappahannock Bridge--Supplementing
+Camp Rations                                                       202
+
+XXIV--Battle of Mine Run--March to Frederick's
+Hall--Winter-quarters--Social Affairs--Again to the
+Front--Narrow Escape from Capture by General
+Dahlgren--Furloughs--Cadets Return from
+New Market--Spottsylvania and the Wilderness--Return
+to Army at Hanover Junction--Panic
+at Night                                                           212
+
+XXV--Second Cold Harbor--Wounded--Return Home--Refugeeing
+from Hunter                                                        222
+
+XXVI--Personal Mention of Officers and Men--Rockbridge
+Artillery--Second Rockbridge Artillery                             234
+
+XXVII--Oakland--Return to Camp--Off Duty Again--The
+Race from New Market to Fort Gilmore--Attack
+on Fort Harrison--Winter-quarters
+on the Lines--Visits to Richmond                                   260
+
+XXVIII--Evacuation of Richmond--Passing Through
+Richmond by Night--The Retreat--Battle of
+Sailor's Creek--Battle of Cumberland
+Church                                                             274
+
+XXIX--Appomattox                                                   286
+
+Appendix                                                           293
+
+LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+                                                                   PAGE
+
+General "Stonewall" Jackson           _Frontispiece_
+
+Captain William T. Poague, April, 1862--April, 1863                 19
+
+Gun from which was fired the first hostile cannon-shot
+in the Valley of Virginia                                           25
+
+Robert A. Gibson                                                    40
+
+Edward A. Moore, March, 1862                                        60
+
+John M. Brown (war-time portrait)                                   80
+
+William M. Willson (Corporal)                                       98
+
+W. S. McClintic                                                    120
+
+D. Gardiner Tyler                                                  140
+
+R. T. Barton                                                       158
+
+B. C. M. Friend                                                    180
+
+Edward A. Moore, February, 1907                                    200
+
+Edward H. Hyde (Color-bearer)                                      220
+
+Randolph Fairfax                                                   240
+
+Robert Frazer                                                      260
+
+John M. Brown                                                      280
+
+Fac-simile of parole signed by General Pendleton                   291
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE
+
+
+More than thirty years ago, at the solicitation of my kinsman, H. C.
+McDowell, of Kentucky, I undertook to write a sketch of my war
+experience. McDowell was a major in the Federal Army during the civil
+war, and with eleven first cousins, including Gen. Irvin McDowell,
+fought against the same number of first cousins in the Confederate Army.
+Various interruptions prevented the completion of my work at that time.
+More recently, after despairing of the hope that some more capable
+member of my old command, the Rockbridge Artillery, would not allow its
+history to pass into oblivion, I resumed the task, and now present this
+volume as the only published record of that company, celebrated as it
+was even in that matchless body of men, the Army of Northern Virginia.
+
+E. A. M.
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION BY CAPT. ROBERT E. LEE, JR.
+
+
+The title of this book at once rivets attention and invites perusal, and
+that perusal does not disappoint expectation. The author was a cannoneer
+in the historic Rockbridge (Va.) Artillery, which made for itself, from
+Manassas to Appomattox, a reputation second to none in the Confederate
+service. No more vivid picture has been presented of the private soldier
+in camp, on the march, or in action. It was written evidently not with
+any commercial view, but was an undertaking from a conviction that its
+performance was a question of duty to his comrades. Its unlabored and
+spontaneous character adds to its value. Its detail is evidence of a
+living presence, intent only upon truth. It is not only carefully
+planned, but minutely finished. The duty has been performed faithfully
+and entertainingly.
+
+We are glad these delightful pages have not been marred by discussion of
+the causes or conduct of the great struggle between the States. There is
+no theorizing or special pleading to distract our attention from the
+unvarnished story of the Confederate soldier.
+
+The writer is simple, impressive, and sincere. And his memory is not
+less faithful. It is a striking and truthful portrayal of the times
+under the standard of one of the greatest generals of ancient or modern
+times. It is from such books that data will be gathered by the future
+historian for a true story of the great conflict between the States.
+
+For nearly a year (from March to November, 1862) I served in the battery
+with this cannoneer, and for a time we were in the same mess. Since the
+war I have known him intimately, and it gives me great pleasure to be
+able to say that there is no one who could give a more honest and
+truthful account of the events of our struggle from the standpoint of a
+private soldier. He had exceptional opportunities for observing men and
+events, and has taken full advantage of them.
+
+ROBERT E. LEE.
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION BY HENRY ST. GEORGE TUCKER
+
+
+Between 1740 and 1750 nine brothers by the name of Moore emigrated from
+the north of Ireland to America. Several of them settled in South
+Carolina, and of these quite a number participated in the Revolutionary
+War, several being killed in battle. One of the nine brothers, David by
+name, came to Virginia and settled in the "Borden Grant," now the
+northern part of Rockbridge County. There, in 1752, his son, afterward
+known as Gen. Andrew Moore, was born. His mother was a Miss Evans, of
+Welsh ancestry. Andrew Moore was educated at an academy afterward known
+as Liberty Hall. In early life with some of his companions he made a
+voyage to the West Indies; was shipwrecked, but rescued, after many
+hardships, by a passing vessel and returned to the Colonies. Upon his
+return home he studied law in the office of Chancellor Wythe, at
+Williamsburg, and was licensed to practice law in 1774. In 1776 he
+entered the army as lieutenant, in Morgan's Riflemen, and was engaged in
+those battles which resulted in the capture of Burgoyne's army, and at
+the surrender of the British forces at Saratoga. For courage and
+gallantry in battle he was promoted to a captaincy. Having served three
+years with Morgan, he returned home and took his seat as a member of the
+Virginia legislature, taking such an active and distinguished part in
+the deliberations of that body that he was elected to Congress, and as a
+member of the first House of Representatives was distinguished for his
+services to such a degree that he was re-elected at each succeeding
+election until 1797, when he declined further service in that body, but
+accepted a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates. He was again elected
+to Congress in 1804, but in the first year of his service he was elected
+to the United States Senate, in which body he served with distinguished
+ability until 1809, when he retired. He was then appointed United States
+Marshal for the District of Virginia, which office he held until his
+death, April 14, 1821. His brother William served as a soldier in the
+Indian wars, and the Revolutionary War. He was a lieutenant of riflemen
+at Pt. Pleasant, and carried his captain, who had been severely wounded,
+from the field of battle, after killing the Indian who was about to
+scalp him--a feat of courage and strength rarely equaled. Gen. Andrew
+Moore's wife was Miss Sarah Reid, a descendant of Capt. John McDowell,
+who was killed by the Indians, December 18, 1842, on James River, in
+Rockbridge County. She was the daughter of Capt. Andrew Reid, a soldier
+of the French and Indian War.
+
+Our author's father was Capt. David E. Moore, for twenty-three years the
+Attorney for the Commonwealth for Rockbridge County, and a member of
+the Constitutional Convention, 1850-51. His mother was Miss Elizabeth
+Harvey, a descendant of Benjamin Borden, and daughter of Matthew Harvey,
+who at sixteen years of age ran away from home and became a member of
+"Lee's Legion," participating in the numerous battles in which that
+distinguished corps took part.
+
+Thus it will be seen that our author is of _martial stock_ and a worthy
+descendant of those who never failed to respond to the call to arms; the
+youngest of four brothers, one of whom surrendered under General
+Johnston, the other three at Appomattox, after serving throughout the
+war. It is safe to say that Virginia furnished to the Confederate
+service no finer examples of true valor than our author and his three
+brothers.
+
+   HENRY ST. GEORGE TUCKER.
+   Lexington, Va.,
+   December 20, 1906.
+
+[Illustration: CAPTAIN WILLIAM T. POAGUE
+
+(April, 1862--April, 1863)]
+
+
+
+
+THE STORY OF A CANNONEER UNDER STONEWALL JACKSON
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I
+
+WASHINGTON COLLEGE--LEXINGTON--VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE
+
+
+At the age of eighteen I was a member of the Junior Class at Washington
+College at Lexington, Virginia, during the session of 1860-61, and with
+the rest of the students was more interested in the foreshadowings of
+that ominous period than in the teachings of the professors. Among our
+number there were a few from the States farther south who seemed to have
+been born secessionists, while a large majority of the students were
+decidedly in favor of the Union.
+
+Our president, the Rev. Dr. George Junkin, who hailed from the North,
+was heart and soul a Union man, notwithstanding the fact that one of his
+daughters was the first wife of Major Thomas J. Jackson, who developed
+into the world-renowned "Stonewall" Jackson. Another daughter was the
+great Southern poetess, Mrs. Margaret J. Preston, and Dr. Junkin's son,
+Rev. W. F. Junkin, a most lovable man, became an ardent Southern
+soldier and a chaplain in the Confederate Army throughout the war.
+
+At the anniversary of the Washington Literary Society, on February 22,
+1861, the right of secession was attacked and defended by the
+participants in the discussion, with no less zeal than they afterward
+displayed on many bloody battlefields.
+
+We had as a near neighbor the Virginia Military Institute, "The West
+Point of the South," where scores of her young chivalry were assembled,
+who were eager to put into practice the subjects taught in their school.
+Previous to these exciting times not the most kindly feelings, and but
+little intercourse had existed between the two bodies of young men. The
+secession element in the College, however, finding more congenial
+company among the cadets, opened up the way for quite intimate and
+friendly relations between the two institutions. In January, 1861, the
+corps of cadets had been ordered by Governor Wise to be present, as a
+military guard, at the execution of John Brown at Harper's Ferry. After
+their return more than the usual time was given to the drill; and
+target-shooting with cannon and small arms was daily practised in our
+hearing.
+
+Only a small proportion of the citizens of the community favored
+secession, but they were very aggressive. One afternoon, while a huge
+Union flag-pole was being raised on the street, which when half-way up
+snapped and fell to the ground in pieces, I witnessed a personal
+encounter between a cadet and a mechanic (the latter afterward deserted
+from our battery during the Gettysburg campaign in Pennsylvania, his
+native State), which was promptly taken up by their respective friends.
+The cadets who were present hastened to their barracks and, joined by
+their comrades, armed themselves, and with fixed bayonets came streaming
+at double-quick toward the town. They were met at the end of Main street
+by their professors, conspicuous among whom was Colonel Colston on
+horseback. He was a native of France and professor of French at the
+Institute; he became a major-general in the Confederate Army and later a
+general in the Egyptian Army. After considerable persuasion the cadets
+were induced to return to their barracks.
+
+Instead of the usual Saturday night debates of the College literary
+societies, the students either joined the cadets in their barracks at
+the Institute or received them at the College halls to harangue on the
+one absorbing topic.
+
+On the top of the main building at the College was a statue of
+Washington, and over this statue some of the students hoisted a palmetto
+flag. This greatly incensed our president. He tried, for some time, but
+in vain, to have the flag torn down. When my class went at the usual
+hour to his room to recite, and before we had taken our seats, he
+inquired if the flag was still flying. On being told that it was, he
+said, "The class is dismissed; I will never hear a recitation under a
+traitor's flag!" And away we went.
+
+Lincoln's proclamation calling for 75,000 men from Virginia, to whip in
+the seceded States, was immediately followed by the ordinance of
+secession, and the idea of union was abandoned by all. Recitation-bells
+no longer sounded; our books were left to gather dust, and forgotten,
+save only to recall those scenes that filled our minds with the mighty
+deeds and prowess of such characters as the "Ruling Agamemnon" and his
+warlike cohorts, and we could almost hear "the terrible clang of
+striking spears against shields, as it resounded throughout the army."
+
+There was much that seems ludicrous as we recall it now. The youths of
+the community, imbued with the idea that "cold steel" would play an
+important part in the conflict, provided themselves with huge
+bowie-knives, fashioned by our home blacksmith, and with these fierce
+weapons swinging from their belts were much in evidence. There were
+already several organized military companies in the county. The
+Rockbridge Rifles, and a company of cavalry left Lexington April 17,
+under orders from Governor John Letcher, our townsman, who had just been
+inaugurated Governor of Virginia, to report at Harper's Ferry. The
+cavalry company endeavored to make the journey without a halt, and did
+march the first sixty-four miles in twenty-four hours.
+
+The students formed a company with J. J. White, professor of Greek, as
+their captain. Drilling was the occupation of the day; the students
+having excellent instructors in the cadets and their professors. Our
+outraged president had set out alone in his private carriage for his
+former home in the North.
+
+Many of the cadets were called away as drillmasters at camps established
+in different parts of the South, and later became distinguished officers
+in the Confederate Army, as did also a large number of the older alumni
+of the Institute.
+
+The Rockbridge Artillery Company was organized about this time, and,
+after a fortnight's drilling with the cadets' battery, was ordered to
+the front, under command of Rev. W. N. Pendleton, rector of the
+Episcopal Church, and a graduate of West Point, as captain.
+
+The cadets received marching orders, and on that morning, for the first
+time since his residence in Lexington, Major Jackson was seen in his
+element. As a professor at the Virginia Military Institute he was
+remarkable only for strict punctuality and discipline. I, with one of my
+brothers, had been assigned to his class in Sunday-school, where his
+regular attendance and earnest manner were equally striking.
+
+It was on a beautiful Sunday morning in May that the cadets received
+orders to move, and I remember how we were all astonished to see the
+Christian major, galloping to and fro on a spirited horse, preparing for
+their departure.
+
+In the arsenal at the Institute were large stores of firearms of old
+patterns, which were hauled away from time to time to supply the troops.
+I, with five others of the College company, was detailed as a guard to a
+convoy of Wagons, loaded with these arms, as far as Staunton. We were
+all about the same size, and with one exception members of the same
+class. In the first battle of Manassas four of the five--Charles Bell,
+William Wilson, William Paxton and Benjamin Bradley--were killed, and
+William Anderson, now Attorney-General of Virginia, was maimed for life.
+
+There was great opposition on the part of the friends of the students to
+their going into the service, at any rate in one body, but they grew
+more and more impatient to be ordered out, and felt decidedly offended
+at the delay.
+
+Finally, in June, the long-hoped-for orders came. The town was filled
+with people from far and near, and every one present, old and young,
+white and black, not only shed tears, but actually sobbed. My father had
+positively forbidden my going, as his other three sons, older than
+myself, were already in the field. After this my time was chiefly
+occupied in drilling militia in different parts of the country. And I am
+reminded to this day by my friends the daughters of General Pendleton of
+my apprehensions "lest the war should be over before I should get a
+trip."
+
+[Illustration: GUN FROM WHICH WAS FIRED THE FIRST HOSTILE CANNON-SHOT IN
+THE VALLEY OF VIRGINIA]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II
+
+ENTERING THE SERVICE--MY FIRST BATTLE--BATTLE OF KERNSTOWN
+
+
+Jackson's first engagement took place at Hainesville, near Martinsburg,
+on July 2, one of the Rockbridge Artillery guns firing the first hostile
+cannon-shot fired in the Valley of Virginia. This gun is now in the
+possession of the Virginia Military Institute, and my brother David
+fired the shot. Before we knew that Jackson was out of the Valley, news
+came of the battle of First Manassas, in which General Bee conferred
+upon him and his brigade the soubriquet of "Stonewall," and by so doing
+likened himself to "Homer, who immortalized the victory won by
+Achilles."
+
+In this battle the Rockbridge Artillery did splendid execution without
+losing a man, while the infantry in their rear, and for their support,
+suffered dreadfully. The College company alone (now Company I of the
+Fourth Virginia Regiment) lost seven killed and many wounded.
+
+In August it was reported that a force of Federal cavalry was near the
+White Sulphur Springs, on their way to Lexington. Numbers of men from
+the hills and mountains around gathered at Collierstown, a straggling
+village in the western portion of the county, and I spent the greater
+part of the night drilling them in the town-hall, getting news from time
+to time from the pickets in the mountain-pass. The prospect of meeting
+so formidable a band had doubtless kept the Federals from even
+contemplating such an expedition.
+
+The winter passed drearily along, the armies in all directions having
+only mud to contend with.
+
+Since my failure to leave with the College company it had been my
+intention to join it the first opportunity; but, hearing it would be
+disbanded in the spring, I enlisted in the Rockbridge Artillery attached
+to the Stonewall Brigade, and with about fifty other recruits left
+Lexington March 10, 1862, to join Jackson, then about thirty miles south
+of Winchester. Some of us traveled on horseback, and some in farm-wagons
+secured for the purpose. We did not create the sensation we had
+anticipated, either on leaving Lexington or along the road; still we had
+plenty of fun. I remember one of the party--a fellow with a very large
+chin, as well as cheek--riding up close to a house by the roadside in
+the door of which stood a woman with a number of children around her,
+and, taking off his hat, said, "God bless you, madam! May you raise many
+for the Southern Confederacy."
+
+We spent Saturday afternoon and night in Staunton, and were quartered in
+a hotel kept by a sour-looking old Frenchman. We were given an
+abominable supper, the hash especially being a most mysterious-looking
+dish. After retiring to our blankets on the floor, I heard two of the
+party, who had substituted something to drink for something to eat,
+discussing the situation generally, and, among other things, surmising
+as to the ingredients of the supper's hash, when Winn said, "Bob, I
+analyzed that hash. It was made of buttermilk, dried apples, damsons and
+wool!"
+
+The following day, Sunday, was clear and beautiful. We had about seventy
+miles to travel along the Valley turnpike. In passing a stately
+residence, on the porch of which the family had assembled, one of our
+party raised his hat in salutation. Not a member of the family took the
+least notice of the civility; but a negro girl, who was sweeping off the
+pavement in front, flourished her broom around her head most
+enthusiastically, which raised a general shout.
+
+We arrived at Camp Buchanan, a few miles below Mount Jackson, on Monday
+afternoon. I then, for the first time since April, 1861, saw my brother
+John. How tough and brown he looked! He had been transferred to the
+Rockbridge Artillery shortly before the first battle of Manassas, and
+with my brother David belonged to a mess of as interesting young men as
+I ever knew. Some of them I have not seen for more than forty years.
+Mentioning their names may serve to recall incidents connected with
+them: My two brothers, both graduates of Washington College; Berkeley
+Minor, a student at the University of Virginia, a perfect bookworm;
+Alex. Boteler, student of the University of Virginia, son of Hon. Alex.
+Boteler, of West Virginia, and his two cousins, Henry and Charles
+Boteler, of Shepherdstown, West Virginia; Thompson and Magruder Maury,
+both clergymen after the war; Joe Shaner, of Lexington, Virginia, as
+kind a friend as I ever had, and who carried my blanket for me on his
+off-horse at least one thousand miles; John M. Gregory, of Charles City
+County, an A. M. of the University of Virginia. How distinctly I recall
+his large, well-developed head, fair skin and clear blue eyes; and his
+voice is as familiar to me as if I had heard it yesterday. Then the
+brothers, Walter and Joe Packard, of the neighborhood of Alexandria,
+Virginia, sons of the Rev. Dr. Packard, of the Theological Seminary, and
+both graduates of colleges; Frank Preston, of Lexington, graduate of
+Washington College, who died soon after the war while professor of Greek
+at William and Mary College, a whole-souled and most companionable
+fellow; William Bolling, of Fauquier County, student of University of
+Virginia; Frank Singleton, of Kentucky, student of University of
+Virginia, whom William Williamson, another member of the mess and a
+graduate of Washington College, pronounced "always a gentleman."
+Williamson was quite deaf, and Singleton always, in the gentlest and
+most patient way, would repeat for his benefit anything he failed to
+hear. Last, and most interesting of all, was George Bedinger, of
+Shepherdstown, a student of the University of Virginia.
+
+There were men in the company from almost every State in the South, and
+several from Northern States. Among the latter were two sons of
+Commodore Porter, of the United States Navy, one of whom went by the
+name of "Porter-he," from his having gone with Sergeant Paxton to visit
+some young ladies, and, on their return, being asked how they had
+enjoyed their visit, the sergeant said, "Oh, splendidly! and Porter, he
+were very much elated."
+
+Soon after my arrival supper was ready, and I joined the mess in my
+first meal in camp, and was astonished to see how they relished fat
+bacon, "flap-jacks" and strong black coffee in big tin cups. The company
+was abundantly supplied with first-rate tents, many of them captured
+from the enemy, and everybody seemed to be perfectly at home and happy.
+
+I bunked with my brother John, but there was no sleep for me that first
+night. There were just enough cornstalks under me for each to be
+distinctly felt, and the ground between was exceedingly cold. We
+remained in this camp until the following Friday, when orders came to
+move.
+
+We first marched about three miles south, or up the Valley, then
+countermarched, going about twenty miles, and on Saturday twelve miles
+farther, which brought us, I thought, and it seemed to be the general
+impression, in rather close proximity to the enemy. There having been
+only a few skirmishes since Manassas in July, 1861, none of us dreamed
+of a battle; but very soon a cannon boomed two or three miles ahead,
+then another and another. The boys said, "That's Chew's battery, under
+Ashby."
+
+Pretty soon Chew's battery was answered, and for the first time I saw
+and heard a shell burst, high in the air, leaving a little cloud of
+white smoke. On we moved, halting frequently, as the troops were being
+deployed in line of battle. Our battery turned out of the pike and we
+had not heard a shot for half an hour. In front of us lay a stretch of
+half a mile of level, open ground and beyond this a wooded hill, for
+which we seemed to be making. When half-way across the low ground, as I
+was walking by my gun, talking to a comrade at my side, a shell burst
+with a terrible crash--it seemed to me almost on my head. The concussion
+knocked me to my knees, and my comrade sprawling on the ground. We then
+began to feel that we were "going in," and a most weakening effect it
+had on the stomach.
+
+I recall distinctly the sad, solemn feeling produced by seeing the
+ambulances brought up to the front; it was entirely too suggestive. Soon
+we reached the woods and were ascending the hill along a little ravine,
+for a position, when a solid shot broke the trunnions of one of the
+guns, thus disabling it; then another, nearly spent, struck a tree about
+half-way up and fell nearby. Just after we got to the top of the hill,
+and within fifty or one hundred yards of the position we were to take, a
+shell struck the off-wheel horse of my gun and burst. The horse was torn
+to pieces, and the pieces thrown in every direction. The saddle-horse
+was also horribly mangled, the driver's leg was cut off, as was also the
+foot of a man who was walking alongside. Both men died that night. A
+white horse working in the lead looked more like a bay after the
+catastrophe. To one who had been in the army but five days, and but five
+minutes under fire, this seemed an awful introduction.
+
+The other guns of the battery had gotten into position before we had
+cleared up the wreck of our team and put in two new horses. As soon as
+this was done we pulled up to where the other guns were firing, and
+passed by a member of the company, John Wallace, horribly torn by a
+shell, but still alive. On reaching the crest of the hill, which was
+clear, open ground, we got a full view of the enemy's batteries on the
+hills opposite.
+
+In the woods on our left, and a few hundred yards distant, the infantry
+were hotly engaged, the small arms keeping up an incessant roar. Neither
+side seemed to move an inch. From about the Federal batteries in front
+of us came regiment after regiment of their infantry, marching in line
+of battle, with the Stars and Stripes flying, to join in the attack on
+our infantry, who were not being reinforced at all, as everything but
+the Fifth Virginia had been engaged from the first. We did some fine
+shooting at their advancing infantry, their batteries having almost
+quit firing. The battle had now continued for two or three hours. Now,
+for the first time, I heard the keen whistle of the Minie-ball. Our
+infantry was being driven back and the Federals were in close pursuit.
+
+Seeing the day was lost, we were ordered to limber up and leave. Just
+then a large force of the enemy came in sight in the woods on our left.
+The gunner of the piece nearest them had his piece loaded with canister,
+and fired the charge into their ranks as they crowded through a narrow
+opening in a stone fence. One of the guns of the battery, having several
+of its horses killed, fell into the hands of the enemy. About this time
+the Fifth Virginia Regiment, which, through some misunderstanding of
+orders, had not been engaged, arrived on the crest of the hill, and I
+heard General Jackson, as he rode to their front, direct the men to form
+in line and check the enemy. But everything else was now in full
+retreat, with Minie-balls to remind us that it would not do to stop.
+Running back through the woods, I passed close by John Wallace as he lay
+dying. Night came on opportunely and put an end to the pursuit, and to
+the taking of prisoners, though we lost several hundred men. I afterward
+heard Capt. George Junkin, nephew of the Northern college president,
+General Jackson's adjutant, say that he had the exact number of men
+engaged on our side, and that there were 2,700 in the battle. The
+enemy's official report gave their number as 8,000. Jackson had General
+Garnett, of the Stonewall Brigade, suspended from office for not
+bringing up the Fifth Regiment in time.
+
+It was dusk when I again found myself on the turnpike, and I followed
+the few indistinct moving figures in the direction of safety. I stopped
+for a few minutes near a camp-fire, in a piece of woods, where our
+infantry halted, and I remember hearing the colored cook of one of their
+messes asking in piteous tones, over and over again, "Marse George,
+where's Marse Charles?" No answer was made, but the sorrowful face of
+the one interrogated was response enough. I got back to the village of
+Newtown, about three miles from the battlefield, where I joined several
+members of the battery at a hospitable house. Here we were kindly
+supplied with food, and, as the house was full, were allowed to sleep
+soundly on the floor. This battle was known as Kernstown.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III
+
+THE RETREAT--CEDAR CREEK--GENERAL ASHBY--SKIRMISHES--McGAHEYSVILLE
+
+
+The next dawn brought a raw, gloomy Sunday. We found the battery a mile
+or two from the battlefield, where we lay all day, thinking, of course,
+the enemy would follow up their victory; but this they showed no
+inclination to do. On Monday we moved a mile or more toward our old
+camp--Buchanan. On Tuesday, about noon, we reached Cedar Creek, the
+scene of one of General Early's battles more than two years afterward,
+1864. The creek ran through a narrow defile, and, the bridge having been
+burned, we crossed in single file, on the charred timbers, still
+clinging together and resting on the surface of the water. Just here,
+for the first time since Kernstown, the Federal cavalry attacked the
+rear of our column, and the news and commotion reached my part of the
+line when I was half-across the stream. The man immediately in front of
+me, being in too much of a hurry to follow the file on the
+bridge-planks, jumped frantically into the stream. He was fished out of
+the cold waters, shoulder deep, on the bayonets of the infantry on the
+timbers.
+
+We found our wagons awaiting us on top of a high hill beyond, and went
+into camp about noon, to get up a whole meal, to which we thought we
+could do full justice. But, alas! alas! About the time the beans were
+done, and each had his share in a tin plate or cup, "bang!" went a
+cannon on the opposite hill, and the shell screamed over our heads. My
+gun being a rifled piece, was ordered to hitch up and go into position,
+and my appetite was gone. Turning to my brother, I said, "John, I don't
+want these beans!" My friend Bedinger gave me a home-made biscuit, which
+I ate as I followed the gun. We moved out and across the road with two
+guns, and took position one hundred yards nearer the enemy. The guns
+were unlimbered and loaded just in time to fire at a column of the
+enemy's cavalry which had started down the opposite hill at a gallop.
+The guns were discharged simultaneously, and the two shells burst in the
+head of their column, and by the time the smoke and dust had cleared up
+that squadron of cavalry was invisible. This check gave the wagons and
+troops time to get in marching order, and after firing a few more rounds
+we followed.
+
+As we drove into the road again, I saw several infantrymen lying
+horribly torn by shells, and the clothes of one of them on fire. I
+afterward heard amusing accounts of the exit of the rest of the company
+from this camp. Quartermaster "John D." had his teams at a full trot,
+with the steam flying from the still hot camp-kettles as they rocked to
+and fro on the tops of the wagons. In a day or two we were again in Camp
+Buchanan, and pitched our tents on their old sites and kindled our fires
+with the old embers. Here more additions were made to the company, among
+them R. E. Lee, Jr., son of the General; Arthur A. Robinson, of
+Baltimore, and Edward Hyde, of Alexandria. After a few nights' rest and
+one or two square meals everything was as gay as ever.
+
+An hour or two each day was spent in going through the artillery manual.
+Every morning we heard the strong, clear voice of an infantry officer
+drilling his men, which I learned was the voice of our cousin, James
+Allen, colonel of the Second Virginia Regiment. He was at least half a
+mile distant. About the fourth or fifth day after our return to camp we
+were ordered out to meet the enemy, and moved a few miles in their
+direction, but were relieved on learning that it was a false alarm, and
+countermarched to the same camp. When we went to the wagons for our
+cooking utensils, etc., my heavy double blanket, brought from home, had
+been lost, which made the ground seem colder and the stalks rougher.
+With me the nights, until bedtime, were pleasant enough. There were some
+good voices in the company, two or three in our mess; Bedinger and his
+cousin, Alec Boteler, both sang well, but Boteler stammered badly when
+talking, and Bedinger kept him in a rage half the time mocking him,
+frequently advising him to go back home and learn to talk. Still they
+were bedfellows and devoted friends. I feel as if I could hear Bedinger
+now, as he shifted around the fire, to keep out of the smoke, singing:
+
+   "Though the world may call me gay, yet my feelings I smother,
+   For thou art the cause of this anguish--my mother."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A thing that I was very slow to learn was to sit on the ground with any
+comfort; and a log or a fence, for a few minutes' rest, was a thing of
+joy. Then the smoke from the camp-fires almost suffocated me, and always
+seemed to blow toward me, though each of the others thought himself the
+favored one. But the worst part of the twenty-four hours was from
+bedtime till daylight, half-awake and half-asleep and half-frozen. I
+was, since Kernstown, having that battle all over and over again.
+
+I noticed a thing in this camp (it being the first winter of the war),
+in which experience and necessity afterward made a great change. The
+soldiers, not being accustomed to fires out-of-doors, frequently had
+either the tails of their overcoats burned off, or big holes or scorched
+places in their pantaloons.
+
+Since Jackson's late reverse, more troops being needed, the militia had
+been ordered out, and the contingent from Rockbridge County was encamped
+a few miles in rear of us. I got permission from our captain to go to
+see them and hear the news from home. Among them were several merchants
+of Lexington, and steady old farmers from the county. They were much
+impressed with the accounts of the battle and spoke very solemnly of
+war. I had ridden Sergeant Baxter McCorkle's horse, and, on my return,
+soon after passing through Mt. Jackson, overtook Bedinger and Charley
+Boteler, with a canteen of French brandy which a surgeon-friend in town
+had given them. As a return for a drink, I asked Bedinger to ride a
+piece on my horse, which, for some time, he declined to do, but finally
+said, "All right; get down." He had scarcely gotten into the saddle
+before he plied the horse with hat and heels, and away he went down the
+road at full speed and disappeared in the distance.
+
+This was more kindness than I had intended, but it afforded a good
+laugh. Boteler and the brandy followed the horseman, and I turned in and
+spent the night with the College company, quartered close by as a guard
+to General Jackson's headquarters. I got back to camp the next
+afternoon, Sunday. McCorkle had just found his horse, still saddled and
+bridled, grazing in a wheat-field.
+
+From Camp Buchanan we fell back to Rude's Hill, four miles above Mt.
+Jackson and overlooking the Shenandoah River. About once in three days
+our two Parrott guns, to one of which I belonged, were sent down to
+General Ashby, some ten miles, for picket service to supply the place of
+Chew's battery, which exhausted its ammunition in daily skirmishes with
+the enemy. Ashby himself was always there; and an agreeable,
+unpretending gentleman he was. His complexion was very dark and his hair
+and beard as black as a raven. He was always in motion, mounted on one
+of his three superb stallions, one of which was coal-black, another a
+chestnut sorrel, and the third white. On our first trip we had a lively
+cannonade, and the white horse in our team, still bearing the stains of
+blood from the Kernstown carnage, reared and plunged furiously during
+the firing. The Federal skirmish line was about a mile off, near the
+edge of some woods, and at that distance looked very harmless; but when
+I looked at them through General Ashby's field-glass it made them look
+so large, and brought them so close, that it startled me. There was a
+fence between, and, on giving the glass a slight jar, I imagined they
+jumped the fence; I preferred looking at them with the naked eye. Bob
+Lee volunteered to go with us another day (he belonged to another
+detachment). He seemed to enjoy the sport much. He had not been at
+Kernstown, and I thought if he had, possibly he would have felt more as
+did I and the white horse.
+
+On our way down on another expedition, hearing the enemy were driving in
+our pickets, and that we would probably have some lively work and
+running, I left my blanket--a blue one I had recently borrowed--at the
+house of a mulatto woman by the roadside, and told her I would call for
+it as we came back. We returned soon, but the woman, learning that a
+battle was impending, had locked up and gone. This blanket was my only
+wrap during the chilly nights, so I must have it. The guns had gone on.
+As I stood deliberating as to what I should do, General Ashby came
+riding by. I told him my predicament and asked, "Shall I get in and get
+it?" He said, "Yes, certainly." With the help of an axe I soon had a
+window-sash out and my blanket in my possession. From these frequent
+picket excursions I got the name of "Veteran." My friend Bolling
+generously offered to go as my substitute on one expedition, but the
+Captain, seeing our two detachments were being overworked, had all
+relieved and sent other detachments with our guns.
+
+From Rude's Hill about fifty of us recruits were detailed to go to
+Harrisonburg--Lieutenant Graham in command--to guard prisoners. The
+prisoners were quartered in the courthouse. Among them were a number of
+Dunkards from the surrounding country, whose creed was "No fight." I was
+appointed corporal, the only promotion I was honored with during the
+war, and that only for the detailed service. Here we spent a week or ten
+days, pleasantly, with good fare and quarters. Things continued quiet at
+the front during this time.
+
+The enemy again advanced, and quite a lively cavalry skirmish was had
+from Mt. Jackson to the bridge across the Shenandoah. The enemy tried
+hard to keep our men from burning this bridge, and in the fray Ashby's
+white horse was mortally wounded under him and his own life saved by
+the daring interposition of one of his men. His horse lived to carry him
+out, but fell dead as soon as he had accomplished it; and, after his
+death, every hair was pulled from his tail by Ashby's men as mementoes
+of the occasion.
+
+[Illustration: ROBERT A. GIBSON]
+
+Jackson fell back slowly, and, on reaching Harrisonburg, to our dismay,
+the head of the column filed to the left, on the road leading toward the
+Blue Ridge, thus disclosing the fact that the Valley was to be given up
+a prey to the enemy. Gloom was seen on every face at feeling that our
+homes were forsaken. We carried our prisoners along, and a
+miserable-looking set the poor Dunkards were, with their long beards and
+solemn eyes. A little fun, though, we would have. Every mile or so, and
+at every cross-road, a sign-post was stuck up, "Keezletown Road, 2
+miles," and of every countryman or darky along the way some wag would
+inquire the distance to Keezletown, and if he thought we could get there
+before night.
+
+By dawn next morning we were again on the march. I have recalled this
+early dawn oftener, I am sure, than any other of my whole life. Our road
+lay along the edge of a forest, occasionally winding in and out of it.
+At the more open places we could see the Blue Ridge in the near
+distance. During the night a slight shower had moistened the earth and
+leaves, so that our steps, and even the wheels of the artillery, were
+scarcely heard. Here and there on the roadside was the home of a
+soldier, in which he had just passed probably his last night. I
+distinctly recall now the sobs of a wife or mother as she moved about,
+preparing a meal for her husband or son, and the thoughts it gave rise
+to. Very possibly it helped also to remind us that we had left camp that
+morning without any breakfast ourselves. At any rate, I told my friend,
+Joe McAlpin, who was quite too modest a man to forage, and face a
+strange family in quest of a meal, that if he would put himself in my
+charge I would promise him a good breakfast.
+
+In a few miles we reached McGaheysville, a quiet, comfortable little
+village away off in the hills. The sun was now up, and now was the time
+and this the place. A short distance up a cross-street I saw a
+motherly-looking old lady standing at her gate, watching the passing
+troops. Said I, "Mac, there's the place." We approached, and I announced
+the object of our visit. She said, "Breakfast is just ready. Walk in,
+sit down at the table, and make yourselves at home." A breakfast it
+was--fresh eggs, white light biscuit and other toothsome articles. A man
+of about forty-five years--a boarder--remarked, at the table, "The war
+has not cost me the loss of an hour's sleep." The good mother said, with
+a quavering tone of voice, "_I_ have sons in the army."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV
+
+SWIFT RUN GAP--REORGANIZATION OF THE BATTERY--WADING IN THE
+MUD--CROSSING AND RECROSSING THE BLUE RIDGE--BATTLE OF McDOWELL--RETURN
+TO THE VALLEY
+
+
+We reached the south branch of the Shenandoah about noon, crossed on a
+bridge, and that night camped in Swift Run Gap. Our detail was separated
+from the battery and I, therefore, not with my own mess. We occupied a
+low, flat piece of ground with a creek alongside and about forty yards
+from the tent in which I stayed. The prisoners were in a barn a quarter
+of a mile distant. Here we had most wretched weather, real winter again,
+rain or snow almost all the time. One night about midnight I was
+awakened by hearing a horse splashing through water just outside of the
+tent and a voice calling to the inmates to get out of the flood. The
+horse was backed half into the tent-door, and, one by one, my companions
+left me. My bunk was on a little rise. I put my hand out--into the
+water. I determined, however, to stay as long as I could, and was soon
+asleep, which showed that I was becoming a soldier--in one important
+respect at least. By daylight, the flood having subsided, I was able to
+reach a fence and "coon it" to a hill above.
+
+While in this camp, as the time had expired for which most of the
+soldiers enlisted, the army was reorganized. The battery having more men
+than was a quota for one company, the last recruits were required to
+enlist in other companies or to exchange with older members who wished
+to change. Thus some of our most interesting members left us, to join
+other commands, and the number of our guns was reduced from eight to
+six. The prisoners were now disposed of, and I returned to my old mess.
+After spending about ten days in this wretched camp we marched again,
+following the Shenandoah River along the base of the mountains toward
+Port Republic. After such weather, the dirt-roads were, of course,
+almost bottomless. The wagons monopolized them during the day, so we had
+to wait until they were out of the way. When they halted for the night,
+we took the mud. The depth of it was nearly up to my knees and
+frequently over them. The bushes on the sides of the road, and the
+darkness, compelled us to wade right in. Here was swearing and growling,
+"Flanders and Flounders." An infantryman was cursing Stonewall most
+eloquently, when the old Christian rode by, and, hearing him, said, in
+his short way, "It's for your own good, sir!" The wagons could make only
+six miles during the day, and, by traveling this distance after night,
+we reached them about nine o'clock. We would then build fires, get our
+cooking utensils, and cook our suppers, and, by the light of the fires,
+see our muddy condition and try to dry off before retiring to the
+ground. We engaged in this sort of warfare for three days, when we
+reached Port Republic, eighteen miles from our starting-point and about
+the same distance from Staunton. Our movements, or rather Jackson's, had
+entirely bewildered us as to his intentions.
+
+While we were at Swift Run, Ewell's division, having been brought from
+the army around Richmond, was encamped just across the mountain opposite
+us. We remained at Port Republic several days. Our company was
+convenient to a comfortable farmhouse, where hot apple turnovers were
+constantly on sale. Our hopes for remaining in the Valley were again
+blasted when the wagons moved out on the Brown's Gap road and we
+followed across the Blue Ridge, making our exit from the pass a few
+miles north of Mechum's River, which we reached about noon of the
+following day.
+
+There had been a good deal of cutting at each other among the members of
+the company who hailed from different sides of the Blue
+Ridge--"Tuckahoes" and "Cohees," as they are provincially called. "Lit"
+Macon, formerly sheriff of Albemarle County, an incessant talker, had
+given us glowing accounts of the treatment we would receive "on t'other
+side." "Jam puffs, jam puffs!" Joe Shaner and I, having something of a
+turn for investigating the resources of a new country, took the first
+opportunity of testing Macon's promised land. We selected a
+fine-looking house, and, approaching it, made known our wants to a young
+lady. She left us standing outside of the yard, we supposed to cool off
+while she made ready for our entertainment in the house. In this we were
+mistaken; for, after a long time, she returned and handed us, through
+the fence, some cold corn-bread and bacon. This and similar experiences
+by others gave us ample means to tease Macon about the grand things we
+were to see and enjoy "on t'other side."
+
+We were now much puzzled as to the meaning of this "wiring in and wiring
+out," as we had turned to the right on crossing the mountain and taken
+the road toward Staunton. To our astonishment we recrossed the mountain,
+from the top of which we again gazed on that grand old Valley, and felt
+that our homes might still be ours. A mile or two from the mountain lay
+the quiet little village of Waynesboro, where we arrived about noon. As
+I was passing along the main street, somewhat in advance of the battery,
+Frank Preston came running out of one of the houses--the Waddells'--and,
+with his usual take-no-excuse style, dragged me in to face a family of
+the prettiest girls in Virginia. I was immediately taken to the
+dining-room, where were "jam puffs" sure enough, and the beautiful Miss
+Nettie to divide my attention.
+
+The next day we camped near Staunton and remained a day. Conjecturing
+now as to Jackson's program was wild, so we concluded to let him have
+his own way. The cadets of the Virginia Military Institute, most of whom
+were boys under seventeen, had, in this emergency, been ordered to the
+field, and joined the line of march as we passed through Staunton, and
+the young ladies of that place made them the heroes of the army, to the
+disgust of the "Veterans" of the old Stonewall Brigade. Our course was
+now westward, and Milroy, who was too strong for General Ed. Johnson in
+the Alleghanies, was the object. About twenty miles west of Staunton was
+the home of a young lady friend, and, on learning that our road lay
+within four miles of it, I determined at least to try to see her.
+Sergeant Clem. Fishburne, who was related to the family, expected to go
+with me, but at the last moment gave it up, so I went alone. To my very
+great disappointment she was not at home, but her sisters entertained me
+nicely with music, etc., and filled my haversack before I left. Just
+before starting off in the afternoon I learned that cannonading had been
+heard toward the front. When a mile or two on my way a passing
+cavalryman, a stranger to me, kindly offered to carry my overcoat, which
+he did, and left it with the battery.
+
+The battery had marched about fifteen miles after I had left it, so I
+had to retrace my four miles, then travel the fifteen, crossing two
+mountains. I must have walked at least five miles an hour, as I reached
+the company before sundown. They had gone into camp. My brother John,
+and Frank Preston, seeing me approach, came out to meet me, and told me
+how excessively uneasy they had been about me all day. A battle had been
+fought and they had expected to be called on every moment, and, "Suppose
+we _had_ gone in, and you off foraging!" How penitent I felt, and at the
+same time how grateful for having two such anxious guardians! While
+expressing this deep interest they each kept an eye on my full
+haversack. "Well," said I, "I have some pabulum here; let's go to the
+mess and give them a snack." They said, "That little bit wouldn't be a
+drop in the bucket with all that mess; let's just go down yonder to the
+branch and have one real good old-fashioned repast." So off we went to
+the branch, and by the time they were through congratulating me on
+getting back before the battery had "gotten into it," my haversack was
+empty. The battle had been fought by Johnson's division, the enemy
+whipped and put to flight. The next day we started in pursuit, passing
+through McDowell, a village in Highland County, and near this village
+the fight had occurred. The ground was too rough and broken for the
+effective use of artillery, so the work was done by the infantry on both
+sides. This was the first opportunity that many of us had had of seeing
+a battlefield the day after the battle. The ghastly faces of the dead
+made a sickening and lasting impression; but I hoped I did not look as
+pale as did some of the young cadets, who proved gallant enough
+afterward. We continued the pursuit a day or two through that wild
+mountainous country, but Milroy stopped only once after his defeat, for
+a skirmish. In a meadow and near the roadside stood a deserted cabin,
+which had been struck several times during the skirmish by shells. I
+went inside of it, to see what a shell could do. Three had penetrated
+the outer wall and burst in the house, and I counted twenty-seven holes
+made through the frame partition by the fragments. Being an
+artilleryman, and therefore to be exposed to missiles of that kind, I
+concluded that my chances for surviving the war were extremely slim.
+
+While on this expedition an amusing incident occurred in our mess. There
+belonged to it quite a character. He was not considered a pretty boy,
+and tried to get even with the world by taking good care of himself. We
+had halted one morning to cook several days' rations, and a large pile
+of bread was placed near the fire, of which we were to eat our breakfast
+and the rest was to be divided among us. He came, we thought, too often
+to the pile, and helped himself bountifully; he would return to his seat
+on his blanket, and one or two of us saw, or thought we saw, him conceal
+pieces of bread under it. Nothing was said at the time, but after he had
+gone away Bolling, Packard and I concluded to examine his haversack,
+which looked very fat. In it we found about half a gallon of rye for
+coffee, a hock of bacon, a number of home-made buttered biscuit, a
+hen-egg and a goose-egg, besides more than his share of camp rations.
+Here was our chance to teach a Christian man in an agreeable way that
+he should not appropriate more than his share of the rations without the
+consent of the mess, so we set to and ate heartily of his good stores,
+and in their place put, for ballast, a river-jack that weighed about two
+pounds. He carried the stone for two days before he ate down to it, and,
+when he did, was mad enough to eat it. We then told him what we had done
+and why, but thought he had hidden enough under his blanket to carry him
+through the campaign.
+
+Before leaving the Valley we had observed decided evidences of spring;
+but here it was like midwinter--not a bud nor blade of grass to be seen.
+Milroy was now out of reach, so we retraced our steps. On getting out of
+the mountains we bore to the left of Staunton in the direction of
+Harrisonburg, twenty-five miles northeast of the former. After the bleak
+mountains, with their leafless trees, the old Valley looked like
+Paradise. The cherry and peach-trees were loaded with bloom, the fields
+covered with rank clover, and how our weary horses did revel in it! We
+camped the first night in a beautiful meadow, and soon after settling
+down I borrowed Sergeant Gregory's one-eyed horse to go foraging on. I
+was very successful; I got supper at a comfortable Dutch house, and at
+it and one or two others I bought myself and the mess rich. As I was
+returning to camp after night with a ham of bacon between me and the
+pommel of the saddle, a bucket of butter on one arm, a kerchief of pies
+on the other, and chickens swung across behind, my one-eyed horse
+stumbled and fell forward about ten feet with his nose to the ground. I
+let him take care of himself while I took care of my provisions. When he
+recovered his feet and started, I do not think a single one of my
+possessions had slipped an inch.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V
+
+BRIDGEWATER--LURAY VALLEY--FRONT ROYAL--FOLLOWING GENERAL BANKS--NIGHT
+MARCH--BATTLE OF WINCHESTER--BANKS'S RETREAT
+
+
+The next day we who were on foot crossed the Shenandoah on a bridge made
+of wagons standing side by side, with tongues up-stream, and boards
+extending from one wagon to another. We reached Bridgewater about four
+P. M. It was a place of which I had never heard, and a beautiful village
+it proved to be, buried in trees and flowers. From Bridgewater we went
+to Harrisonburg, and then on our old familiar and beaten path--the
+Valley pike to New Market. Thence obliquely to the right, crossing the
+Massanutten Mountain into Luray Valley. During the Milroy campaign Ewell
+had crossed into the Valley, and we now followed his division, which was
+several miles in advance. Banks was in command of the Union force in the
+Valley, with his base at Winchester and detachments of his army at
+Strasburg, eighteen miles southwest, and at Front Royal, about the same
+distance in the Luray Valley. So the latter place was to be attacked
+first. About three P. M. the following day cannonading was heard on
+ahead, and, after a sharp fight, Ewell carried the day. We arrived
+about sundown, after it was all over. In this battle the First Maryland
+Regiment (Confederate) had met the First Maryland (Federal) and captured
+the whole regiment. Several members of our battery had brothers or other
+relatives in the Maryland (Confederate) regiment, whom they now met for
+the first time since going into service. Next day we moved toward
+Middletown on the Valley pike, and midway between Winchester and
+Strasburg.
+
+Jackson's rapid movements seemed to have taken the enemy entirely by
+surprise, and we struck their divided forces piecemeal, and even after
+the Front Royal affair their troops at Strasburg, consisting chiefly of
+cavalry, had not moved. Two of our guns were sent on with the Louisiana
+Tigers, to intercept them at Middletown. The guns were posted about one
+hundred and fifty yards from the road, and the Tigers strung along
+behind a stone fence on the roadside. Everything was in readiness when
+the enemy came in sight. They wavered for a time, some trying to pass
+around, but, being pushed from behind, there was no alternative. Most of
+them tried to run the gauntlet; few, however, got through. As the rest
+of us came up we met a number of prisoners on horseback. They had been
+riding at a run for nine miles on the pike in a cloud of white dust.
+Many of them were hatless, some had saber-cuts on their heads and
+streams of blood were coursing down through the dust on their faces.
+Among them was a woman wearing a short red skirt and mounted on a tall
+horse.
+
+Confined in a churchyard in the village were two or three hundred
+prisoners. As we were passing by them an old negro cook, belonging to
+the Alleghany Rough Battery of our brigade, ran over to the fence and
+gave them a hearty greeting, said he was delighted to see them "thar,"
+and that we would catch all the rest of them before they got back home.
+Banks's main force was at Winchester, and thither we directed our
+course.
+
+Newtown was the next village, and there we had another skirmish, our
+artillery being at one end of the town and the enemy's at the opposite.
+In this encounter two members of our battery were wounded. There was
+great rejoicing among the people to see us back again and to be once
+more free from Northern soldiers. As the troops were passing through
+Newtown a very portly old lady came running out on her porch, and,
+spreading her arms wide, called out, "All of you run here and kiss me!"
+
+Night soon set in, and a long, weary night it was; the most trying I
+ever passed, in war or out of it. From dark till daylight we did not
+advance more than four miles. Step by step we moved along, halting for
+five minutes; then on a few steps and halt again. About ten o'clock we
+passed by a house rather below the roadside, on the porch of which lay
+several dead Yankees, a light shining on their ghastly faces.
+Occasionally we were startled by the sharp report of a rifle, followed
+in quick succession by others; then all as quiet as the grave.
+Sometimes, when a longer halt was made, we would endeavor to steal a few
+moments' sleep, for want of which it was hard to stand up. By the time a
+blanket was unrolled, the column was astir again, and so it continued
+throughout the long, dreary hours of the night.
+
+At last morning broke clear and beautiful, finding us about two miles
+from Winchester. After moving on for perhaps half a mile, we filed to
+the left. All indications were that a battle was imminent, Banks
+evidently intending to make one more effort. The sun was up, and never
+shone on a prettier country nor a lovelier May morning. Along our route
+was a brigade of Louisiana troops under the command of Gen. Dick Taylor,
+of Ewell's division. They were in line of battle in a ravine, and as we
+were passing by them several shells came screaming close over our heads
+and burst just beyond. I heard a colonel chiding his men for dodging,
+one of whom called out, in reply, "Colonel, lead us up to where we can
+get at them and then we won't dodge!" We passed on, bearing to the right
+and in the direction from which the shells came. General Jackson ordered
+us to take position on the hill just in front. The ground was covered
+with clover, and as we reached the crest we were met by a volley of
+musketry from a line of infantry behind a stone fence about two hundred
+yards distant.
+
+My gun was one of the last to get into position, coming up on the left.
+I was assigned the position of No. 2, Jim Ford No. 1. The Minie-balls
+were now flying fast by our heads, through the clover and everywhere. A
+charge of powder was handed me, which I put into the muzzle of the gun.
+In a rifled gun this should have been rammed home first, but No. 1 said,
+"Put in your shell and let one ram do. Hear those Minies?" I heard them
+and adopted the suggestion; the consequence was, the charge stopped
+half-way down and there it stuck, and the gun was thereby rendered
+unavailable. This was not very disagreeable, even from a patriotic point
+of view, as we could do but little good shooting at infantry behind a
+stone fence. On going about fifty yards to the rear, I came up with my
+friend and messmate, Gregory, who was being carried by several comrades.
+A Minie-ball had gone through his left arm into his breast and almost
+through his body, lodging in the right side of his back. Still he
+recovered, and was a captain of ordnance at the surrender, and two years
+ago I visited him at his own home in California. As my train stopped at
+his depot, and I saw a portly old gentleman with a long white beard
+coming to meet it, I thought of the youth I remembered, and said, "Can
+that be Gregory?"
+
+Then came Frank Preston with his arm shattered, which had to be
+amputated at the shoulder. I helped to carry Gregory to a barn one
+hundred and fifty yards in the rear, and there lay Bob McKim, of
+Baltimore, another member of the company, shot through the head and
+dying. Also my messmate, Wash. Stuart, who had recently joined the
+battery. A ball had struck him just below the cheek-bone, and, passing
+through the mouth, came out on the opposite side of his face, breaking
+out most of his jaw-teeth. Then came my brother John with a stream of
+blood running from the top of his head, and, dividing at the forehead,
+trickled in all directions down his face. My brother David was also
+slightly wounded on the arm by a piece of shell. By this time the
+Louisianians had been "led up to where they could get at them," and
+gotten them on the run. I forgot to mention that, as one of our guns was
+being put into position, a gate-post interfered. Captain Poague ordered
+John Agnor to cut the post down with an axe. Agnor said, "Captain, I
+will be killed!" Poague replied, "Do your duty, John." He had scarcely
+struck three blows before he fell dead, pierced by a Minie-ball.
+
+In this battle, known as First Winchester, two of the battery were
+killed and twelve or fourteen wounded. The fighting was soon over and
+became a chase. My gun being _hors de combat_, I remained awhile with
+the wounded, so did not witness the first wild enthusiasm of the
+Winchester people as our men drove the enemy through the streets, but
+heard that the ladies could not be kept indoors. Our battery did itself
+credit on this occasion. I will quote from Gen. Dick Taylor's book,
+entitled "Destruction and Reconstruction": "Jackson was on the pike and
+near him were several regiments lying down for shelter, as the fire from
+the ridge was heavy and searching. A Virginian battery, the Rockbridge
+Artillery, was fighting at great disadvantage, and already much cut up.
+Poetic authority asserts that 'Old Virginny never tires,' and the
+conduct of this battery justified the assertion of the muses. With
+scarce a leg or wheel for man and horse, gun or caisson, to stand on, it
+continued to hammer away at the crushing fire above." And further on in
+the same narrative he says, "Meanwhile, the Rockbridge Battery held on
+manfully and engaged the enemy's attention." Dr. Dabney's "Life of
+Stonewall Jackson," page 377, says: "Just at this moment General Jackson
+rode forward, followed by two field-officers, to the very crest of the
+hill, and, amidst a perfect shower of balls, reconnoitred the whole
+position.... He saw them posting another battery, with which they hoped
+to enfilade the ground occupied by the guns of Poague; and nearer to his
+left front a body of riflemen were just seizing a position behind a
+stone fence when they poured a galling fire upon the gunners and struck
+down many men and horses. Here this gallant battery stood its ground,
+sometimes almost silenced, yet never yielding an inch. After a time they
+changed their front to the left, and while a part of their guns replied
+to the opposing battery the remainder shattered the stone fence, which
+sheltered the Federal infantry, with solid shot and raked it with
+canister."
+
+In one of the hospitals I saw Jim ("Red") Jordan, an old schoolmate and
+member of the Alleghany Roughs, with his arm and shoulder horribly
+mangled by a shell. He had beautiful brown eyes, and, as I came into the
+room where he lay tossing on his bed, he opened them for a moment and
+called my name, but again fell back delirious, and soon afterward died.
+
+The chase was now over, and the town full of soldiers and officers,
+especially the latter. I was invited by John Williams, better known as
+"Johnny," to spend the night at his home, a home renowned even in
+hospitable Winchester for its hospitality. He had many more intimate
+friends than I, and the house was full. Still I thought I received more
+attention and kindness than even the officers. I was given a choice room
+all to myself, and never shall I forget the impression made by the sight
+of that clean, snow-white bed, the first I had seen since taking up arms
+for my country, which already seemed to me a lifetime. I thought I must
+lie awake awhile, in order to take in the situation, then go gradually
+to sleep, realizing that to no rude alarm was I to hearken, and once or
+twice during the night to wake up and realize it again. But, alas! my
+plans were all to no purpose; for, after the continual marching and the
+vigils of the previous night, I was asleep the moment my head touched
+the pillow, nor moved a muscle till breakfast was announced next
+morning.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI
+
+CAPTURING FEDERAL CAVALRY--CHARLESTOWN--EXTRAORDINARY MARCH
+
+
+After camping for a day or two about three miles below Winchester we
+marched again toward Harper's Ferry, thirty miles below. Four of the six
+guns of the battery were sent in advance with the infantry of the
+brigade; the other two guns, to one of which I belonged, coming on
+leisurely in the rear. As we approached Charlestown, seated on the
+limbers and caissons, we saw three or four of our cavalrymen coming at
+full speed along a road on our left, which joined the road we were on,
+making an acute angle at the end of the main street. They announced
+"Yankee cavalry" as they passed and disappeared into the town. In a
+moment the Federals were within one hundred yards of us. We had no
+officer, except Sergeant Jordan, but we needed none. Instantly every man
+was on his feet, the guns unlimbered, and, by the time the muzzles were
+in the right direction, No. 5 handed me a charge of canister, No. 1
+standing ready to ram. Before I put the charge into the gun the enemy
+had come to a halt within eighty yards of us, and their commanding
+officer drew and waved a white handkerchief. We, afraid to leave our
+guns lest they should escape or turn the tables on us, after some time
+prevailed on our straggling cavalry, who had halted around the turn, to
+ride forward and take them. There were seventeen Federals, well-mounted
+and equipped. Our cavalry claimed all the spoils, and I heard afterward
+most of the credit, too. We got four of the horses, one of which, under
+various sergeants and corporals, and by the name of "Fizzle," became
+quite a celebrity.
+
+[Illustration: EDWARD A. MOORE
+
+(March, 1862)]
+
+Delighted with our success and gallantry, we again mounted our caissons
+and entered the town at a trot. The people had been under Northern rule
+for a long time, and were rejoiced to greet their friends. I heard a
+very old lady say to a little girl, as we drove by, "Oh, dear! if your
+father was just here, to see this!" The young ladies were standing on
+the sides of the streets, and, as our guns rattled by, would reach out
+to hand us some of the dainties from their baskets; but we had had
+plenty, so they could not reach far enough. The excitement over, we went
+into camp in a pretty piece of woods two miles below the town and six
+from Harper's Ferry. Here we spent several days pleasantly.
+
+Mayor Middleton, of our town, Lexington, had followed us with a
+wagon-load of boxes of edibles from home. So many of the company had
+been wounded or left behind that the rest of us had a double share.
+Gregory's box, which Middleton brought from the railroad, contained a
+jar of delicious pickle. I had never relished it before, but camp-life
+had created a craving for it that seemed insatiable. The cows of the
+neighborhood seemed to have a curiosity to see us, and would stroll
+around the camp and stand kindly till a canteen could be filled with
+rich milk, which could soon be cooled in a convenient spring. Just
+outside of Charlestown lived the Ransons, who had formerly lived near
+Lexington and were great friends of my father's family. I called to see
+them. Buck, the second son, was then about fifteen and chafing to go
+into the army. I took a clean shave with his razor, which he used daily
+to encourage his beard and shorten his stay in Jericho. He treated me to
+a flowing goblet of champagne and gave me a lead-colored knit jacket,
+with a blue border, in which I felt quite fine, and wore through the
+rest of the campaign. It was known in the mess as my "Josey." Buck
+eventually succeeded in getting in, and now bears the scars of three
+saber-cuts on his head.
+
+It was raining the day we broke camp and started toward Winchester, but
+our march was enlivened by the addition of a new recruit in the person
+of Steve Dandridge. He was about sixteen and had just come from the
+Virginia Military Institute, where he had been sent to be kept out of
+the army. He wore a cadet-cap which came well over the eyes and nose,
+and left a mass of brown, curly hair unprotected on the back of his
+head. His joy at being "mustered in" was irrepressible. He had no ear
+for music, was really "too good-natured to strike a tune," but the songs
+he tried to sing would have made a "dog laugh." Within an hour after his
+arrival he was on intimate terms with everybody and knew and called us
+all by our first names.
+
+The march of this day was one of the noted ones of the war. Our battery
+traveled about thirty-five miles, and the infantry of the brigade, being
+camped within a mile of Harper's Ferry, made more than forty miles
+through rain and mud. The cause of this haste was soon revealed. General
+Fremont, with a large army, was moving rapidly from the north to cut us
+off, and was already nearer our base than we were, while General
+Shields, with another large force, was pushing from the southeast,
+having also the advantage of us in distance, and trying to unite with
+Fremont, and General McDowell with 20,000 men was at Fredericksburg. The
+roads on which the three armies were marching concentrated at Strasburg,
+and Jackson was the first to get there. Two of our guns were put in
+position on a fortified hill near the town, from which I could see the
+pickets of both the opposing armies on their respective roads and
+numbers of our stragglers still following on behind us, between the two.
+Many of our officers had collected around our guns with their
+field-glasses, and, at the suggestion of one of them, we fired a few
+rounds at the enemy's videttes "to hurry up our stragglers."
+
+The next day, when near the village of Edinburg, a squadron of our
+cavalry, under command of General Munford, was badly stampeded by a
+charge of Federal cavalry. Suddenly some of these men and horses without
+riders came dashing through our battery, apparently blind to objects in
+their front. One of our company was knocked down by the knees of a
+flying horse, and, as the horse was making his next leap toward him, his
+bridle was seized by a driver and the horse almost doubled up and
+brought to a standstill. This was the only time I ever heard a
+field-officer upbraided by privates; but one of the officers got ample
+abuse from us on that occasion.
+
+I had now again, since Winchester, been assigned to a Parrott gun, and
+it, with another, was ordered into position on the left of the road. The
+Federals soon opened on us with two guns occupying an unfavorable
+position considerably below us. The gunner of my piece was J. P. Smith,
+who afterward became an aide on General Jackson's staff, and was with
+him when he received his death-wound at Chancellorsville. One of the
+guns firing at us could not, for some time, be accurately located, owing
+to some small trees, etc., which intervened, so the other gun received
+most of our attention. Finally, I marked the hidden one exactly, beyond
+a small tree, from the puff of smoke when it fired. I then asked J. P.,
+as we called him, to let me try a shot at it, to which he kindly
+assented. I got a first-rate aim and ordered "Fire!" The enemy's gun
+did not fire again, though its companion continued for some time. I have
+often wished to know what damage I did them.
+
+The confusion of the stampede being over, the line of march was quietly
+resumed for several miles, until we reached "The Narrows," where we
+again went into position. I had taken a seat by the roadside and was
+chatting with a companion while the guns drove out into a field to
+prepare for action, and, as I could see the ground toward the enemy, I
+knew that I had ample time to get to my post before being needed. When
+getting out the accouterments the priming-wire could not be found. I
+being No. 3 was, of course, responsible for it. I heard Captain Poague,
+on being informed who No. 3 was, shout, "Ned Moore, where is that
+priming-wire?" I replied, "It is in the limber-chest where it belongs."
+There were a good many people around, and I did not wish it to appear
+that I had misplaced my little priming-wire in the excitement of
+covering Stonewall's retreat. The captain yelled, as I thought
+unnecessarily, "It isn't there!" I, in the same tone, replied, "It is
+there, and I will get it!" So off I hurried, and, to my delight, there
+it was in its proper place, and I brought it forth with no small
+flourish and triumph.
+
+After waiting here for a reasonable time, and no foe appearing, we
+followed on in rear of the column without further molestation or
+incident that I can now recall. We reached Harrisonburg after a few
+days' marching.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII
+
+GENERAL JACKSON NARROWLY ESCAPES BEING CAPTURED AT PORT
+REPUBLIC--CONTEST BETWEEN CONFEDERATES AND FEDERALS FOR BRIDGE OVER
+SHENANDOAH
+
+
+The College company had as cook a very black negro boy named Pete, who
+through all this marching had carried, on a baggage-wagon, a small game
+rooster which he told me had whipped every chicken from Harrisonburg to
+Winchester and back again. At last he met defeat, and Pete consigned him
+to the pot, saying, "No chicken dat kin be whipped shall go 'long wid
+Jackson's headquarters." At Harrisonburg we turned to the left again,
+but this time obliquely, in the direction of Port Republic, twenty miles
+distant. We went into camp on Saturday evening, June 7, about one mile
+from Port Republic and on the north side of the Shenandoah. Shields had
+kept his army on the south side of this stream and had been moving
+parallel with us during our retreat. Jackson's division was in advance.
+Instead of going into camp, I, with two messmates, Bolling and Walter
+Packard, diverged to a log-house for supper. The man of the house was
+quiet; his wife did the talking, and a great deal of it. She flatly
+refused us a bite to eat, but, on stating the case to her, she consented
+to let us have some bread and milk. Seated around an unset dining-table
+we began divesting ourselves of our knapsacks. She said, "Just keep your
+baggage on; you can eat a bite and go." We told her we could eat faster
+unharnessed. She sliced a loaf of bread as sad as beeswax, one she had
+had on hand for perhaps a week, and gave us each a bowl of sour milk,
+all the while reminding us to make our stay short. For the sake of
+"argument" we proposed to call around for breakfast. She scorned the
+idea, had "promised breakfast to fifty already." "Staying all night? Not
+any." We said we could sleep in the yard and take our chances for
+breakfast. After yielding, inch by inch, she said we could sleep on the
+porch. "Well, I reckon you just as well come into the house," and showed
+us into a snug room containing two nice, clean beds, in one of which lay
+a little "nigger" about five years old, with her nappy head on a
+snow-white pillow. We took the floor and slept all night, and were
+roused next morning to partake of a first-rate breakfast.
+
+About eight or nine o'clock this Sunday morning we were taking our ease
+in and about camp, some having gone to the river to bathe, and the
+horses turned loose in the fields to graze. I was stretched at full
+length on the ground, when "bang!" went a Yankee cannon about a mile in
+our rear, toward Port Republic. We were up and astir instantly, fully
+realizing the situation. By lending my assistance to the drivers in
+catching and hitching up the horses, my gun was the first ready, and
+started immediately in the direction of the firing, with Captain Poague
+in the lead, the other guns following on as they got ready.
+
+Three or four hundred yards brought us in full view of Port Republic,
+situated just across the river. Beyond, and to the left of the village,
+was a small body of woods; below this, and lying between the river and
+mountain, an open plain. We fired on several regiments of infantry in
+the road parallel to and across the river, who soon began moving off to
+the left. The other guns of the battery, arriving on the scene one at a
+time, took position on our left and opened vigorously on the retreating
+infantry. My gun then moved forward and unlimbered close to a bridge
+about two hundred yards below the town, where we took position on a
+bluff in the bend of the river. We commenced firing at the enemy's
+cavalry as they emerged from the woods and crossed the open plain. One
+of our solid shots struck a horse and rider going at full gallop. The
+horse reared straight up, then down both fell in a common heap to rise
+no more.
+
+While in this position General Jackson, who had narrowly escaped being
+captured in his quarters in the town, came riding up to us. Soon after
+his arrival we saw a single piece of artillery pass by the lower end of
+the village, and, turning to the right, drive quietly along the road
+toward the bridge. The men were dressed in blue, most of them having on
+blue overcoats; still we were confident they were our own men, as
+three-fourths of us wore captured overcoats. General Jackson ordered,
+"Fire on that gun!" We said, "General, those are our men." The General
+repeated, "Fire on that gun!" Captain Poague said, "General, I know
+those are our men." (Poague has since told me that he had, that morning,
+crossed the river and seen one of our batteries in camp near this
+place.) Then the General called, "Bring that gun over here," and
+repeated the order several times. We had seen, a short distance behind
+us, a regiment of our infantry, the Thirty-seventh Virginia. It was now
+marching in column very slowly toward us. In response to Jackson's order
+to "bring that gun over here," the Federals, for Federals they were,
+unlimbered their gun and pointed it through the bridge. We tried to
+fire, but could not depress our gun sufficiently for a good aim.
+
+The front of the infantry regiment had now reached a point within twenty
+steps of us on our right, when the Federals turned their gun toward us
+and fired, killing the five men of the regiment at the front. The
+Federals then mounted their horses and limber, leaving their gun behind,
+and started off. The infantry, shocked by their warm reception, had not
+yet recovered. We called on them, over and over, to kill a horse as the
+enemy drove off. They soon began shooting, and, I thought, fired shots
+enough to kill a dozen horses; but on the Federals went, right in front
+of us, and not more than one hundred yards distant, accompanied by two
+officers on horseback. When near the town the horse of one officer
+received a shot and fell dead. The Thirty-seventh Virginia followed on
+in column through the bridge, its front having passed the deserted gun
+while its rear was passing us. The men in the rear, mistaking the front
+of their own regiment for the enemy, opened fire on them, heedless of
+the shouts of their officers and of the artillerymen as to what they
+were doing. I saw a little fellow stoop, and, resting his rifle on his
+knee, take a long aim and fire. Fortunately, they shot no better at
+their own men than they did at the enemy, as not a man was touched. Up
+to this time we had been absorbed in events immediately at hand, but,
+quiet being now restored, we heard cannonading back toward Harrisonburg.
+Fremont had attacked Ewell at Cross Keys, about four miles from us. Soon
+the musketry was heard and the battle waxed warm.
+
+Remaining in this position the greater portion of the day, we listened
+anxiously to learn from the increasing or lessening sound how the battle
+was going with Ewell, and turned our eyes constantly in the opposite
+direction, expecting a renewal of the attack from Shields. Toward the
+middle of the afternoon the sound became more and more remote--Ewell had
+evidently won the day, which fact was later confirmed by couriers. We
+learned, too, of the death of General Ashby, which had occurred the
+preceding day.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII
+
+BATTLE OF PORT REPUBLIC
+
+
+About sundown we crossed on the bridge, and our wagons joining us we
+went into bivouac. In times of this kind, when every one is tired, each
+has to depend on himself to prepare his meal. While I was considering
+how best and soonest I could get my supper cooked, Bob Lee happened to
+stop at our fire, and said he would show me a first-rate plan. It was to
+mix flour and water together into a thin batter, then fry the grease out
+of bacon, take the meat out of the frying pan and pour the batter in,
+and then "just let her rip awhile over the fire." I found the receipt a
+good one and expeditious.
+
+About two miles below us, near the river, we could plainly see the
+enemy's camp-fires. Early next morning we were astir, and crossed the
+other fork of the river on an improvised bridge made of boards laid on
+the running-gear of wagons.
+
+We felt assured that Fremont and Shields had received ample
+satisfaction, and that we were done with them for the present at least.
+Still more were we of this opinion when the wagon-train took the Brown's
+Gap road leading across the Blue Ridge, we expecting, of course, to
+follow. We did not follow, however, but took instead the route Shields's
+forces had taken the day previous, along which lay the bodies of the men
+we had killed, their heads, with few exceptions, being shot entirely
+off.
+
+Having gone about a mile, the enemy opened on us with artillery, their
+shells tearing by us with a most venomous whistle. Halted on the sides
+of the road, as we moved by, were the infantry of our brigade. Among
+them I recognized my old school-teacher, Alfonso Smith, who had just
+joined the army. I had many times quailed under his fierce eye and
+writhed under his birch rod. The strain to which he was subjected under
+these circumstances was doubly trying, waiting inactive for his first
+baptism of fire. His eye was restless as we passed; perhaps he had a
+presentiment, as he received his death-wound before the day was over.
+
+Again our two Parrott guns were ordered forward. Turning out of the road
+to the left, we unlimbered and commenced firing. The ground on which we
+stood was level and very soft, and, having no hand-spike, we had to move
+the trail of the gun by main force. The enemy very soon got our range,
+and more accurate shooting I was never subjected to. The other four guns
+of the battery now came up, and, passing along a small ravine about
+forty yards behind us, halted for a time nearby. We were hotly engaged,
+shells bursting close around and pelting us with soft dirt as they
+struck the ground. Bob Lee came creeping up from his gun in the ravine,
+and called to me, "Ned, that isn't making batter-cakes, is it?" The
+constant recoiling of our gun cut great furrows in the earth, which made
+it necessary to move several times to more solid ground. In these
+different positions which we occupied three of the enemy's shells passed
+between the wheels and under the axle of our gun, bursting at the trail.
+One of them undermined the gunner's (Henry's) footing and injured him so
+as to necessitate his leaving the field. Even the old Irish hero, Tom
+Martin, was demoralized, and, in dodging from a Yankee shell, was struck
+by the wheel of our gun in its recoil and rendered _hors de combat_. We
+had been kept in this position for two or three hours, while a flank
+movement was being made by Taylor's Louisiana Brigade and the Second
+Virginia Regiment through the brush at the foot of the mountain on our
+right. When it was thought that sufficient time had been allowed for
+them to make the detour, our whole line moved forward, the rest of the
+battery several hundred yards to our left. When my gun moved up an
+eighth of a mile nearer to the enemy, they added two guns to the three
+occupying the site of an old coal-hearth at the foot of the rugged
+mountain, so that our gun had five to contend with for an hour longer.
+
+Graham Montgomery had become gunner in Henry's place, and proved a good
+one. He could not be hurried, and every time the smoke puffed from our
+gun their cannoneers slid right and left from the coal-hearth, then
+returning to their guns loaded and gave us a volley. As usual in such
+cases, our flanking party was longer in making their appearance than
+expected. The whole Federal line charged, and as they did so their ranks
+rapidly thinned, some hesitating to advance, while others were shot down
+in full view. Still they drove us back and captured one gun of our
+battery. Singleton, of my mess, was captured, and Lieut. Cole Davis,
+supposed to be mortally wounded, was left on the field. On getting back
+a short distance I found myself utterly exhausted, my woolen clothes wet
+with perspiration. Having been too tired to get out of the way when the
+gun fired, my eardrums kept up the vibrations for hours. Sleep soon
+overcame me, but still the battle reverberated in my head.
+
+The Louisianians and the Second Virginia had gotten through the brush
+and driven the enemy from the field. I was roused, to join in the
+pursuit, and had the satisfaction of seeing the five cannon that had
+played on our gun standing silent on the coal-hearth, in our hands.
+There being no room in their rear, their caissons and limbers stood off
+to their right on a flat piece of heavily wooded ground. This was almost
+covered with dead horses. I think there must have been eighty or ninety
+on less than an acre; one I noticed standing almost upright, perfectly
+lifeless, supported by a fallen tree. Farther on we overtook one of our
+battery horses which we had captured from Banks two weeks before.
+Shields's men then captured him from us, and we again from them. He had
+been wounded four times, but was still fit for service.
+
+Such a spectacle as we here witnessed and exultingly enjoyed possibly
+has no parallel. After a rapid retreat of more than one hundred miles,
+to escape from the clutches of three armies hotly pursuing on flank and
+rear, one of which had outstripped us, we paused to contemplate the
+situation. On the ground where we stood lay the dead and wounded of
+Shields's army, with much of their artillery and many prisoners in our
+possession, while, crowning the hills in full view and with no means of
+crossing an intervening river, even should they venture to do so, stood
+another army--Fremont's--with flags flying.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX
+
+FROM BROWN'S GAP TO STAUNTON--FROM STAUNTON TO RICHMOND--COLD
+HARBOR--GENERAL LEE VISITS HIS SON IN THE BATTERY
+
+
+I had exchanged my brother John as a bedfellow for Walter Packard.
+Walter was a droll fellow, rather given to arguing, and had a way of
+enraging his adversary while he kept cool, and, when it suited, could
+put on great dignity. Immediately following our battery, as we worked
+our way along a by-road through the foothills toward Brown's Gap, was
+Gen. Dick Taylor at the head of his Louisiana Brigade. Walter had
+mounted and was riding on a caisson, contrary to orders recently issued
+by Jackson. Taylor ordered him to get down. Walter turned around, and,
+looking coolly at him, said, with his usual sang-froid, "Who are you,
+and what the devil have you to do with my riding on a caisson?" Taylor
+seemed astounded for a moment, and then opened on poor Walter with a
+volley of oaths that our champion swearer, Irish Emmett, would have
+envied.
+
+When we had gotten about half-way to the top of the mountain, I, with
+three others, was detailed to go back and bring Lieut. Cole Davis from
+the field. We were too tired for any thought but of ourselves, and
+retraced our steps, growling as we went. We had heard that Davis was
+mortally wounded, and was probably dead then. Suddenly, one hundred
+yards in front of us, we saw a man riding slowly toward us, sitting
+erect, with his plume flying. We said, "That's Davis or his ghost!" It
+was he, held on his horse by a man on each side. We walked on with him
+till dusk, but, finding he had assistants to spare, two of us overtook
+the battery. Davis was shot through the body, and suffering dreadfully,
+able to move only in an upright posture. He entirely recovered, however,
+and did gallant service until the close of the war.
+
+Still photographed on my memory is the appearance of the body of one of
+the Second Virginia Regiment being hauled on our rear caisson. His head
+had been shot off, and over the headless trunk was fastened a white
+handkerchief, which served as a sort of guide in the darkness. Weary of
+plodding thus, Graham Montgomery and I left the road, a short distance
+from which we concluded to spend the night and be subject to no more
+orders. A drizzling rain was falling. Each having a gum-cloth, we spread
+one on the loose stones and the other over us, with our feet against a
+big tree, to keep from sliding down the mountainside. We were soon
+asleep, and when we awoke next morning we had slid into a heap close
+against the tree. To give an idea of the ready access we had to the
+enemy's stores. I had been the possessor of nine gum-blankets within the
+past three weeks, and no such article as a gum-blanket was ever
+manufactured in the South. Any soldier carrying a Confederate canteen
+was at once recognized as a new recruit, as it required but a short time
+to secure one of superior quality from a dead foeman on a battlefield.
+
+Following the road up the mountain, we came across one of our guns
+which, by bad driving, had fallen over an embankment some forty feet.
+Two horses still hitched to it lay on their backs, one of which I
+recognized as Gregory's one-eyed dun which I had ridden foraging at
+Bridgewater. After my arrival on top of the mountain I was sent with a
+detail which recovered the gun and the two horses, both alive. Dandridge
+and Adams were driving the team when the gun went over. They saved
+themselves by jumping, and came near having a fight right there as to
+who was at fault, and for a long time afterward it was only necessary to
+refer to the matter to have a repetition of the quarrel.
+
+After a day or two we countermarched toward Port Republic and went into
+camp a mile from Weir's cave, where we spent several days. Thence toward
+Staunton and camped near the town. Here we were told that we were to
+have a month's rest in consideration of our long-continued marching and
+fighting. Rest, indeed! We lost the three days we might have had for
+rest while there, preparing our camp for a month of ease. During our
+stay here my father paid us a visit, having ridden from Lexington to see
+his three sons. After having gotten ourselves comfortable, orders came
+to pack up and be ready to move. I had carried in my knapsack a pair of
+lady's shoes captured from Banks's plunder at Winchester. These I gave
+to a camp scavenger who came from the town for plunder.
+
+Little did we dream of the marching and fighting that were in store for
+us. Jackson, having vanquished three armies in the Valley, was now
+ordered to Richmond with his "bloody brigades."
+
+We left Staunton about the twentieth of June, crossed the Blue Ridge at
+Rockfish Gap, passed through Charlottesville, and were choked, day after
+day, by the red dust of the Piedmont region. In Louisa County we had
+rain and mud to contend with, thence through the low, flat lands of
+Hanover, bearing to the left after passing Ashland.
+
+Our destination was now evident. The army around Richmond was waiting
+for Jackson to dislodge McClellan from the Chickahominy swamps, and our
+attack was to be made on his right flank. It seems that our powers of
+endurance had been over-estimated or the distance miscalculated, as the
+initiatory battle at Mechanicsville was fought by A. P. Hill without
+Jackson's aid. This was the first of the seven days' fighting around
+Richmond. We arrived in the neighborhood of Cold Harbor about two P. M.
+on June 27, and approached more and more nearly the preliminary
+cannonading, most of which was done by the enemy's guns. About three
+o'clock the musketry began, and soon thereafter the infantry of our
+brigade was halted in the road alongside of us, and, loading their guns,
+moved forward.
+
+[Illustration: JOHN M. BROWN
+
+(War-time portrait)]
+
+In a short time the fighting became furious, done almost entirely on our
+side with small arms, as few positions could be found for artillery. For
+two or three hours the noise of the battle remained almost stationary,
+accentuated at intervals by the shouting of the combatants, as ground
+was lost or won. It was here that General Lee said to General Jackson,
+"That fire is very heavy! Do you think your men can stand it?" The reply
+was, "They can stand almost anything; they can stand that!" We stood
+expecting every moment to be ordered in, as every effort was made by our
+officers to find a piece of open ground on which we could unlimber. By
+sundown the firing had gradually lessened and was farther from us, and
+when night came on the enemy had been driven from their fortifications
+and quiet was restored. The loss on our side was fearful. Among the
+killed was my cousin, James Allen, colonel of the Second Virginia
+Regiment.
+
+While lying among the guns in park that night my rest was frequently
+disturbed by the antics of one of the battery horses suffering with an
+attack of "blind staggers," and floundering around in the darkness among
+the sleeping men.
+
+Before leaving our place of bivouac the next morning, a visit from
+General Lee, attended by his full staff, to his son Robert, gave us our
+first opportunity of seeing this grand man. The interview between father
+and son is described by the latter in his "Recollections and Letters of
+Gen. Robert E. Lee," which I quote:
+
+"The day after the battle of Cold Harbor, during the 'Seven Days'
+fighting around Richmond, was the first time I met my father after I had
+joined General Jackson. The tremendous work Stonewall's men had
+performed, including the rapid march from the Valley of Virginia, the
+short rations, the bad water, and the great heat, had begun to tell upon
+us, and I was pretty well worn out. On this particular morning my
+battery had not moved from its bivouac ground of the previous night, but
+was parked in an open field, all ready waiting orders. Most of the men
+were lying down, many sleeping, myself among the latter number. To get
+some shade and to be out of the way I had crawled under a caisson, and
+was busy making up many lost hours of rest. Suddenly I was rudely
+awakened by a comrade, prodding me with a sponge-staff as I had failed
+to be aroused by his call, and was told to get up and come out, that
+some one wished to see me. Half-awake I staggered out, and found myself
+face to face with General Lee and his staff. Their fresh uniforms,
+bright equipments, and well-groomed horses contrasted so forcibly with
+the war-worn appearance of our command that I was completely dazed. It
+took me a moment or two to realize what it all meant, but when I saw my
+father's loving eyes and smile it became clear to me that he had ridden
+by to see if I was safe and to ask how I was getting along. I remember
+well how curiously those with him gazed at me, and I am sure that it
+must have struck them as very odd that such a dirty, ragged, unkempt
+youth could have been the son of this grand-looking, victorious
+commander.
+
+"I was introduced recently to a gentleman, now living in Washington,
+who, when he found out my name, said he had met me once before and that
+it was on this occasion. At that time he was a member of the Tenth
+Virginia Infantry, Jackson's division, and was camped near our battery.
+Seeing General Lee and staff approach, he, with others, drew near to
+have a look at them, and witnessed the meeting between father and son.
+He also said that he had often told of the incident as illustrating the
+peculiar composition of our army."
+
+As we moved on over the battlefield that morning, the number of slain on
+both sides was fully in proportion to the magnitude of the conflict of
+the day preceding. In a piece of woods through which we passed, and
+through which the battle had surged back and forth, after careful
+observation I failed to find a tree the size of a man's body with less
+than a dozen bullet-marks on it within six feet of the ground, and many
+of them were scarred to the tops. Not even the small saplings had
+escaped, yet some of the men engaged had passed through the battle
+untouched. I was with my messmate, William Bolling, when he here
+discovered and recognized the dead body of his former school-teacher,
+Wood McDonald, of Winchester.
+
+On the 28th we crossed the Chickahominy on Grapevine Bridge, the long
+approaches to which were made of poles, thence across the York River
+Railroad at Savage Station. As we moved along, fighting was almost
+constantly heard in advance of us, and rumors were rife that the trap
+was so set as to capture the bulk of McClellan's army. Near White Oak
+Swamp we reached another battlefield, and, after night, went into
+bivouac among the enemy's dead. About ten o'clock I, with several
+others, was detailed to go back with some wagons, to get a supply of
+captured ammunition. For four or five miles we jolted over corduroy
+roads, loaded our wagons, and got back to the battery just before dawn
+of the following morning. Scarcely had I stretched myself on the ground
+when the bugle sounded reveille, and even those who had spent the night
+undisturbed were with difficulty aroused from sleep. I remember seeing
+Captain Poague go to a prostrate form that did not respond to the
+summons, and call out, "Wake up, wake up!" But, seeing no sign of
+stirring, he used his foot to give it a shake, when he discovered he was
+trying to rouse a dead Yankee! Having been on duty all night I was
+being left unmolested to the last moment, when Joe Shaner came to me, as
+usual, and very quietly rolled up my blanket with his, to be carried on
+his off-horse. This was the battlefield of White Oak Swamp, fought on
+June 30. Along the march from Cold Harbor we had passed several Federal
+field-hospitals containing their sick, some of them in tents, some lying
+in bunks made of poles supported on upright forks. These and their old
+camps were infested with vermin--"war bugs," as we usually called
+them--which, with what we already had after two weeks of constant march,
+with neither time nor material for a change, made us exceedingly
+uncomfortable.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X
+
+GENERAL JACKSON COMPLIMENTS THE BATTERY--MALVERN HILL--MY VISIT TO
+RICHMOND
+
+
+On July 1 we passed near the battlefield known as Frazier's Farm, also
+fought on June 30 by the divisions of Magruder, Longstreet, and others,
+and arrived early in the day in front of Malvern Hill. For a mile or
+more our road ran through a dense body of woods extending to the high
+range of hills occupied by the enemy. At a point where another road
+crossed the one on which we had traveled, and where stood two old
+gate-posts, we were ordered to mount the caissons and limbers and trot
+on toward the firing already begun. This order can be attributed to the
+reputation our battery had made, and is a matter of record, which I
+quote: "At Malvern Hill the battery was openly complimented by General
+Jackson in connection with Carpenter's battery. When Gen. D. H. Hill
+asked General Jackson if he could furnish him a battery which would hold
+a certain position, from which two or three batteries had been driven by
+the galling fire of the enemy, he said, 'Yes, two,' and called for
+Carpenter and Poague, and General Hill ordered Captain Poague to bring
+up his battery at once."
+
+Taking the road to the left, we soon emerged from the woods into a
+wheat-field, the grain standing in shocks. While seated on a caisson,
+driving down this road at a trot, I was suddenly seized with a
+presentiment that I was to be killed in this battle, the only time such
+a feeling came over me during the war. Finding myself becoming rapidly
+demoralized, I felt that, in order to avoid disgrace, I must get down
+from that seat and shake the wretched thing off. So down I jumped and
+took it afoot, alongside of the gun, as we passed down a little ravine
+which was being raked from end to end by the enemy's shells. The
+diversion worked like a charm, for in two minutes the apprehension toned
+down to the normal proportions of "stage fright." We were soon in
+position with our six guns ablaze. The enemy's batteries were posted on
+considerably higher ground, with three times as many guns and of heavier
+caliber than ours, which served us the same galling fire that had
+wrecked the batteries preceding us. After having been engaged for an
+hour, a battery posted some two hundred yards to our left was stampeded
+and came by us under whip and spur, announcing, as they passed, that
+they were flanked by Federal cavalry. In the commotion, some one in our
+battery called out that we had orders to withdraw, and, before it could
+be corrected, eight or ten of the company, joining in the rout, beat a
+retreat to the woods, for which they were afterward punished; some
+being assigned as drivers, and one or two gallant fellows having it ever
+afterward to dim their glory. We soon, however, recovered from the
+confusion, but with diminished numbers. I know that for a part of the
+time I filled the positions of 7, 5, and 2 at my gun, until a gallant
+little lieutenant named Day, of some general's staff, relieved me of
+part of the work. My brother John, working at the gun next to mine,
+received a painful shell-wound in the side and had to leave the field.
+His place was supplied by Doran, an Irishman, and in a few minutes
+Doran's arm was shattered by a shell, causing him to cry out most
+lustily. My brother David, shortly after this, was disabled by a blow on
+his arm, and, at my solicitation, left the field.
+
+I would suggest to any young man when enlisting to select a company in
+which he has no near kindred. The concern as to one's own person affords
+sufficient entertainment, without being kept in suspense as to who went
+down when a shell explodes in proximity to another member of the family.
+
+John Fuller, driver at the piece next on my right, was crouched down on
+his knees, with his head leaning forward, holding his horses. Seeing a
+large shell descending directly toward him, I called to him to look out!
+When he raised his head, this shell was within five feet of him and
+grazed his back before entering the ground close behind him. He was
+severely shocked, and for some days unfit for duty. At the first battle
+of Fredericksburg, more than a year after this, while holding his horses
+and kneeling in the same posture, a shell descending in like manner
+struck him square on his head and passed down through the length of his
+body. A month after the battle I saw all that was left of his cap--the
+morocco vizor--lying on the ground where he was killed.
+
+Behind us, scattered over the wheat-field, were a number of loose
+artillery horses from the batteries that had been knocked out. Taking
+advantage of the opportunity to get a meal, one of these stood eating
+quietly at a shock of wheat, when another horse came galloping toward
+him from the woods. When within about thirty yards of the animal
+feeding, a shell burst between the two. The approaching horse instantly
+wheeled, and was flying for the woods when another shell burst a few
+feet in front of him, turning him again to the field as before; the old
+warrior ate away at his shock, perfectly unconcerned.
+
+The firing on both sides, especially on ours, was now diminishing--and
+soon ceased. In this encounter ten or twelve members of the company were
+wounded, and Frank Herndon, wheel driver at my caisson, was killed.
+After remaining quiet for a short time we were ordered back, and again
+found ourselves at the cross-roads, near the old gate-posts, which
+seemed to be the headquarters of Generals Lee, Jackson and D. H. Hill.
+
+John Brown, one of our company who had been detailed to care for the
+wounded, had taken a seat behind a large oak-tree in the edge of the
+woods near us. A thirty-two-pound shot struck the tree, and, passing
+through the center of it, took Brown's head entirely off. We spent
+several hours standing in the road, which was filled with artillery, and
+our generals were evidently at their wits' ends. Toward evening we moved
+farther back into the woods, where many regiments of our infantry were
+in bivouac. The enemy had now turned their fire in this direction. Both
+that of their heavy field-pieces and gunboats, and enormous shells and
+solid shot, were constantly crashing through the timber, tearing off
+limbs and the tops of trees, which sometimes fell among the troops,
+maiming and killing men.
+
+After sundown a charge was made against the enemy's left, which was
+repulsed with terrible loss to our men. After this the enemy continued
+shelling the woods; in fact their whole front, until ten o'clock at
+night. Our battery had moved back at least two miles and gone into park
+in a field, where, at short intervals, a large gunboat shell would burst
+over us, scattering pieces around, while the main part would whirr on,
+it seemed, indefinitely.
+
+The next day, the enemy having abandoned Malvern Hill during the night,
+we made a rapid start in pursuit toward Harrison's Landing, but suddenly
+came to a halt and countermarched to a place where several roads
+crossed, on all of which were columns of infantry and artillery. During
+the remainder of the day the soldiers gave vent to their feelings by
+cheering the different generals as they passed to and fro, Jackson
+naturally receiving the lion's share.
+
+McClellan's army being now under cover of their gunboats, and gunboats
+being held in mortal terror by the Confederates, we began slowly to make
+our way out of this loathsome place, a place which I felt should be
+cheerfully given up to the Northerners, where they could inhale the
+poisonous vapors of the bogs, and prosecute the war in continuous battle
+with the mosquitoes and vermin. The water of the few sluggish streams,
+although transparent, was highly colored by the decaying vegetable
+matter and the roots of the juniper. For the first time in my life I was
+now out of sight of the mountains. I felt utterly lost, and found myself
+repeatedly rising on tip-toe and gazing for a view of them in the
+distance. Being very much worsted physically by the campaign and
+malarial atmosphere, I was put on the sick-list, and given permission to
+go to Richmond to recuperate.
+
+My entrance into the city contrasted strikingly with that of soldiers I
+had read of after a series of victories in battle. The portable forge
+belonging to our battery needed some repairs, which could be made at a
+foundry in Richmond, and, as no other conveyance was available, I took
+passage on it. So I entered the city, the first I had ever visited,
+after dark, seated on a blacksmith-shop drawn by four mules. Not having
+received my eleven dollars a month for a long time, I could not pay a
+hotel-bill, so I climbed the fence into a wagon-yard, retired to bed in
+a horse-cart, and slept soundly till daylight. That morning I took
+breakfast with my cousin, Robert Barton, of the First Virginia Cavalry,
+at his boarding-house. After which, having gotten a sick furlough, he
+hurried to take the train, to go to his home, and left me feeling very
+forlorn. Thinking that I could fare no worse in camp than I would in the
+midst of the painful surroundings of a hospital, I returned in the
+afternoon to the battery. The arduous service undergone during the past
+three weeks, or rather three months, had left the men greatly depleted
+in health and vigor. Many were seriously sick, and those still on duty
+were more or less run-down.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI
+
+FROM RICHMOND TO GORDONSVILLE--BATTLE OF CEDAR RUN--DEATH OF GENERAL
+WINDER--DESERTERS SHOT--CROSS THE RAPPAHANNOCK
+
+
+At the conclusion of this sojourn in camp, Jackson's command again took
+the march and toiled along the line of the Central Railroad toward
+Gordonsville. I, being sick, was given transportation by rail in a
+freight-car with a mixture of troops. A week was spent in Louisa County,
+in the celebrated Green Spring neighborhood, where we fared well. My old
+mess, numbering seventeen when I joined it, had by this time been
+greatly reduced. My brother John had gotten a discharge from the army,
+his office of commissioner of chancery exempting him. Gregory, Frank
+Preston and Stuart had been left in Winchester in the enemy's lines
+severely wounded. Singleton had been captured at Port Republic, and
+others were off on sick-leave. My bedfellow, Walter Packard, had
+contracted fever in the Chickahominy swamps, from which he soon after
+died. He had been left at the house of a friend in Hanover County,
+attended by his brother. In his delirium he impatiently rehearsed the
+names of his companions, calling the roll of the company over and over.
+From Green Spring we marched to the neighborhood of Gordonsville, where
+we remained in camp until about the fifth or sixth of August.
+
+We now heard reports of the approach of the renowned General Pope with
+"headquarters in the saddle," along the line of the old Orange and
+Alexandria Railroad. On August 7, we moved out of camp, going in his
+direction. On the third day's march, being too unwell to foot it, I was
+riding in the ambulance. About noon indications in front showed that a
+battle was at hand. I was excused from duty, but was asked by the
+captain if I would assist in caring for the wounded. This I declined to
+do. About this time the battery was ordered forward, and, seeing my gun
+start off at a trot, I mounted and rode in with it. We had a long hill
+to descend, from the top of which could be seen and heard the
+cannonading in front. Then, entering an extensive body of woods, we
+passed by the bodies of four infantrymen lying side by side, having just
+been killed by a bursting shell.
+
+We took position in the road near the corner of an open field with our
+two Parrott guns and one gun of Carpenter's battery, en echelon, with
+each gun's horses and limber off on its left among the trees. Both Capt.
+Joe Carpenter and his brother, John, who was his first lieutenant, were
+with this gun, as was their custom when any one of their guns went into
+action. We soon let the enemy know where we were, and they replied
+promptly, getting our range in a few rounds.
+
+General Winder, commander of our brigade, dismounted, and, in his
+shirt-sleeves, had taken his stand a few paces to the left of my gun and
+with his field-glass was intently observing the progress of the battle.
+We had been engaged less than fifteen minutes when Captain Carpenter was
+struck in the head by a piece of shell, from which, after lingering a
+few weeks, he died. Between my gun and limber, where General Winder
+stood, was a constant stream of shells tearing through the trees and
+bursting close by. While the enemy's guns were changing their position
+he gave some directions, which we could not hear for the surrounding
+noise. I, being nearest, turned and, walking toward him, asked what he
+had said. As he put his hand to his mouth to repeat the remark, a shell
+passed through his side and arm, tearing them fearfully. He fell
+straight back at full length, and lay quivering on the ground. He had
+issued strict orders that morning that no one, except those detailed for
+the purpose, should leave his post to carry off the wounded, in
+obedience to which I turned to the gun and went to work. He was soon
+carried off, however, and died a few hours later.
+
+The next man struck was Major Snowdon Andrews, afterward colonel of
+artillery. While standing near by us a shell burst as it passed him,
+tearing his clothes and wounding him severely. Though drawn to a
+stooping posture, he lived many years. Next I saw a ricocheting shell
+strike Captain Caskie, of Richmond, Virginia, on his seat, which knocked
+him eight or ten feet and his red cap some feet farther. He did not get
+straightened up until he had overtaken his cap on the opposite side of
+some bushes, through which they had both been propelled. Lieutenant
+Graham, of our battery, also received a painful, though not serious,
+wound before the day was over. This proved to be a very dangerous place
+for officers, but not a private soldier was touched.
+
+By frequent firing during the campaign the vent of my gun had been
+burned to several times its proper size, so that at each discharge an
+excess of smoke gushed from it. After the captain's attention was called
+to it, it happened that a tree in front, but somewhat out of line, was
+cut off by a Federal shell just as our gun fired. Supposing the defect
+had caused a wild shot, we were ordered to take the gun to the rear, the
+other gun soon following. We got away at a fortunate time, as the Second
+Brigade of Jackson's division was flanked by the enemy and driven over
+the place a few minutes later. One company in the Twenty-first Virginia
+Regiment lost, in a few minutes, seventeen men killed, besides those
+wounded. The flankers, however, were soon attacked by fresh troops, who
+drove them back and took a large number of prisoners, who walked and
+looked, as they passed, as if they had done their best and had nothing
+of which to be ashamed. By nightfall the whole of Pope's army had been
+driven back, and we held the entire battlefield. This battle was called
+Cedar Run by the Confederates, and Slaughter's Mountain by the Federals.
+
+On the following day we retraced our steps and occupied an excellent
+camping-ground near Gordonsville. Shortly after our arrival, my brother
+David, who had been absent on sick-leave, returned from home, bringing a
+large mess-chest of delicious edibles, which we enjoyed immensely,
+having Willie Preston, from Lexington, who had just joined the College
+company, to dine with us. From a nearby cornfield we managed to supply
+ourselves with roasting ears, and the number a young Confederate could
+consume in a day would have been ample rations for a horse.
+
+While here we had visits from some of our former messmates. One of them,
+Frank Singleton, after being captured at Port Republic had been taken to
+Fort Warren, where were in confinement as prisoners members of the
+Maryland legislature, Generals Pillow and Buckner, and others captured
+at Fort Donelson. Singleton gave glowing accounts of the "to-do" that
+was made over him, he being the only representative from the army of
+Stonewall, whose fame was now filling the world. His presence even
+became known outside of prison-walls, and brought substantial tokens of
+esteem and sympathy.
+
+Gregory, who we supposed had received his death-wound at Winchester in
+May, after escaping into our lines spent a day or two with us. Both,
+however, having gotten discharges, left us--Singleton to go to Kentucky,
+his native State, to raise a company of cavalry under Morgan, and
+Gregory to become captain of ordnance.
+
+An extensive move was evidently now on foot, and about August 17th it
+began, proving to be by far the most eventful of that eventful year. On
+reaching the Rapidan, a few miles distant, we were ordered to leave all
+baggage we could not carry on our backs, and in that August weather we
+chose to make our burdens light. This was the last we saw of our
+baggage, as it was plundered and stolen by camp-followers and shirkers
+who stayed behind.
+
+Having recuperated somewhat during my stay in camp I had set out, with
+the battery, for the march, but a few days of hot sun soon weakened me
+again, so I had to be excused from duty, and remain with the wagons.
+Part of a day with them was sufficient, so I returned to the battery,
+sick or well. Soon after my return, about sundown, Arthur Robinson, of
+Baltimore, whom I had regarded as a sort of dude, brought me a cup of
+delicious tea and several lumps of cut loaf-sugar. Cut loaf-sugar! What
+associations it awakened and how kindly I felt toward the donor ever
+afterward! As I dropped each lump into the tea I could sympathize with
+an old lady in Rockbridge County, who eyed a lump of it lovingly and
+said, "Before the war I used to buy that _by the pound_."
+
+[Illustration: WILLIAM M. WILLSON
+
+(Corporal)]
+
+On the following morning, August 18, Gen. J. E. B. Stuart came dashing
+into our camp bareheaded and, for him, very much excited. He had just
+narrowly escaped capture by a scouting-party of Federal cavalry at a
+house near Verdiersville, where he had passed the night. Leaving his
+hat, he mounted and leaped the fence with his horse. His adjutant,
+however, Major Fitzhugh, in possession of General Lee's instructions to
+General Stuart, was captured, and thus General Pope informed of the plan
+of campaign. Four days later General Stuart, with a large force of
+cavalry, having passed to the rear of the Federal army, captured, at
+Catlett's Station, General Pope's headquarters wagon with his official
+papers and personal effects. As his plan of campaign was to be governed
+by General Lee's movements, these papers were not very reliable guides.
+
+Our stay in this bivouac was only thirty-six hours in duration, but
+another scene witnessed in the afternoon leaves an indelible impression.
+To escape the arduous service to which we had for some time been
+subjected, a few, probably eight or ten men, of Jackson's old division
+had deserted. Of these, three had been caught, one of whom was a member
+of the Stonewall Brigade, and they were sentenced by court-martial to be
+shot. As a warning to others, the whole division was mustered out to
+witness the painfully solemn spectacle. After marching in column
+through intervening woods, with bands playing the dead march, we entered
+an extensive field. Here the three men, blindfolded, were directed to
+kneel in front of their open graves, and a platoon of twelve or fifteen
+men, half of them with their muskets loaded with ball, and half with
+blank cartridges (so that no man would feel that he had fired a fatal
+shot), at the word "Fire!" emptied their guns at close range. Then the
+whole division marched by within a few steps to view their lifeless
+bodies.
+
+Jackson's object now was to cross the Rappahannock, trying first one
+ford and then another. We spent most of the following day galloping to
+and fro, firing and being fired at. At one ford my gun crossed the
+river, but, as no support followed it, although the rest of our battery
+and Brockenbrough's Maryland Battery were close by, we soon recrossed.
+Rain during the afternoon and night made the river past fording,
+catching Early's brigade, which had crossed further up-stream, on the
+enemy's side. He was not pressed, however, and by the next afternoon the
+whole of Jackson's command had crossed the stream by the fords nearer
+its source, at Hinson's mill. Thence we traveled northwest through
+Little Washington, the county-seat of Rappahannock. Then to Flint Hill,
+at the base of the Blue Ridge. Then turned southeast into Fauquier
+County and through Warrenton, the prettiest town I had seen since
+leaving the Valley. We had made an extensive detour, and were no longer
+disturbed by General Pope, who possibly thought Jackson was on his way
+to Ohio or New York, and a week later no doubt regretted that one of
+those distant places had not been his destination.
+
+Before reaching Thoroughfare Gap we had the pleasure of a visit from Mr.
+Robert Bolling, or rather found him waiting on the roadside to see his
+son, of our mess, having driven from his home in the neighborhood. His
+son had been left behind sick, but his messmates did full justice to the
+bountiful supply of refreshments brought in the carriage for him. I
+remember, as we stood regaling ourselves, when some hungry infantryman
+would fall out of ranks, and ask to purchase a "wee bite," how
+delicately we would endeavor to "shoo" him off, without appearing to the
+old gentleman as the natural heirs to what he had brought for his boy.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII
+
+CAPTURE OF RAILROAD TRAINS AT MANASSAS JUNCTION--BATTLE WITH TAYLOR'S
+NEW JERSEY BRIGADE--NIGHT MARCH BY LIGHT OF BURNING CARS
+
+
+Our halts and opportunities for rest had been and continued to be few
+and of short duration, traveling steadily on throughout the twenty-four
+hours. It has been many years since, but how vividly some scenes are
+recalled, others vague and the order of succession forgotten. After
+passing through Thoroughfare Gap we moved on toward Manassas Junction,
+arriving within a mile or two of the place shortly after dawn, when we
+came upon a sleepy Federal cavalryman mounted on a fine young horse.
+Lieutenant Brown took him and his arms in charge and rode the horse for
+a few days, but, learning that he had been taken from a farmer in the
+neighborhood, returned him to his owner. As we approached the Junction
+several cannon-shots warned us that some force of the enemy was there,
+but not General Pope, as we had left him many miles in our rear.
+
+In the regiment of our cavalry, acting as a vanguard, I had but two
+acquaintances--old college-mates--and these were the only two members
+of the command I met. One of them gave me a loaf of baker's bread, the
+other presented me with a handful of cigars, and they both informed us
+that they had made a big capture, which we would soon see. The samples
+they had brought made us the more anxious. Arriving in sight of the
+place, we saw the tracks of both railroads closely covered for half a
+mile with the cars filled with army supplies of every description. The
+artillery that had been firing a short time before opened on us again,
+while we were preparing to help ourselves, but not before one of my
+messmates had secured a cup of molasses. With the help of this, my loaf
+of bread was soon devoured, and with a relish contrasting very favorably
+with my sudden loss of appetite for the beans at Cedar Creek a few
+months before. On this occasion we managed to appease our hunger with
+very little interruption from the flying shells. The firing, however,
+was at long range and soon ceased, and we resumed the march, saddened to
+part with so rich a booty and the opportunity to fill our stomachs and
+empty haversacks.
+
+As we moved quietly along with General Jackson and one or two of his
+staff riding at the front of the battery, there suddenly appeared, about
+a mile ahead of us, a line of bayonets glistening in the sunlight. As we
+halted I heard General Jackson and those about him questioning each
+other and speculating as to what troops they could be, whether friend
+or foe. Their bayonets were evidently too bright for our war-worn
+weapons, and the direction from which they came and, a little later, the
+color of their uniforms being distinguishable, no longer left room for
+doubt. It proved to be a brigade of New Jersey infantry commanded by
+General Taylor, who had just arrived by rail from Alexandria. Rodes's
+division was on our left and not three hundred yards distant. As the
+enemy advanced, Jackson ordered Rodes to halt. The Federal brigade came
+up on our right about one hundred and twenty-five yards from us,
+marching by companies in column.
+
+Jackson ordered us to fire on them with canister, which we did, and very
+rapidly, as they passed. Then, limbering up, we galloped again to their
+flank and repeated the operation; meanwhile, one of our batteries
+immediately in their front firing at them with shells. Jackson, who
+accompanied us, then drew a white handkerchief from his pocket, and,
+waving it up and down, ordered them to surrender, in response to which
+one of them raised his gun and fired deliberately at him. I heard the
+Minie as it whistled by him. After limbering up our guns for the third
+time to keep in close range, I turned to get my blanket, which I had
+left on the ground while engaged, and, as I ran to overtake the guns,
+found myself between Rodes's line, which had now advanced, and the
+Federals, in easy range of each other. I expected, of course, to be
+riddled with bullets, but neither side fired a shot.
+
+The Federals moved on in perfect order, then suddenly broke and came
+back like a flock of sheep; and, most singular of all, Rodes's division
+was ordered back and let them pass, we still firing. All in all, it was
+a fine sample of a sham battle, as I saw none of them killed and heard
+there were very few, and the only shot they fired was the one at General
+Jackson. After crossing a ravine along which ran a creek, they had a
+hill to ascend which kept them still in full view, while we fired at
+them with shells and solid shot as they streamed along the paths.
+Maupin, a member of our detachment, picked up a canteen of whiskey which
+had been thrown aside in their flight. As it was the only liquid to
+which we had access on that hot August day, we each took a turn, and
+soon undertook to criticise our gunner's bad shooting, telling him among
+other things that if he would aim lower he would do more execution.
+
+After the enemy had disappeared from our sight, and the battery had gone
+into park, I borrowed Sergeant Dick Payne's horse to ride to the creek,
+over which the enemy had retreated, for a canteen of water. When within
+a few steps of the branch, I passed two artillerymen from another
+battery on foot, who were on the same errand, but none of us armed. We
+saw a Yankee infantryman a short distance off, hurrying along with gun
+on shoulder. We called to him to surrender, and, as I rode to get his
+gun, another one following came in sight. When I confronted him and
+ordered him to throw down his gun, he promptly obeyed. The gun, a
+brand-new one, was loaded, showing a bright cap under the hammer. The
+man was a German, and tried hard, in broken English, to explain, either
+how he had fallen behind, or to apologize for coming to fight us--I
+could not tell which.
+
+We now had full and undisturbed possession of Manassas Junction and of
+the long trains of captured cars, through the doors and openings of
+which could be seen the United States army supplies of all kinds and of
+the best quality. On a flat car there stood two new pieces of artillery
+made of a bronze-colored metal, and of a different style from any we had
+yet seen. In our last battle, that of Slaughter's Mountain, we had
+noticed, for the first time, a singular noise made by some of the shells
+fired at us, and quite like the shrill note of a tree-frog on a big
+scale. Since then we had sometimes speculated as to what new engine of
+war we had to contend with. Here it was, and known as the three-inch
+rifled gun, a most accurate shooter, and later on much used by both
+Federals and Confederates.
+
+In view of the fact that almost all of the field artillery used by the
+Confederates was manufactured in the North, a supply for both armies
+seemed to have been wisely provided in the number they turned out. Here
+we spent the remainder of the day, but not being allowed to plunder the
+cars did not have the satisfaction of replacing our worn-out garments
+with the new ones in sight. We were very willing to don the blue
+uniforms, but General Jackson thought otherwise. What we got to eat was
+also disappointing, and not of a kind to invigorate, consisting, as it
+did, of hard-tack, pickled oysters, and canned stuff generally.
+
+Darkness had scarcely fallen before we were again on the march, and
+before two miles had been traveled the surrounding country was
+illuminated by the blazing cars and their contents, fired to prevent
+their falling again into the hands of their original owners. The entire
+night was spent marching through woods and fields, but in what direction
+we had no idea. Notwithstanding the strict orders to the contrary, two
+of our boys--Billy Bumpus and John Gibbs--had procured from a car about
+half a bushel of nice white sugar, put it in a sack-bag, and tied it
+securely, they thought, to the axle of a caisson. During the night
+either the bag stretched or the string slipped, letting a corner drag on
+the ground, which soon wore a hole. When daylight broke, the first thing
+that met their eager gaze was an empty bag dangling in the breeze and
+visions of a trail of white sugar mingling with the dust miles behind.
+Many times afterward, in winter quarters or during apple-dumpling
+season, have I heard them lament the loss of that sweetening.
+
+There are various scenes and incidents on the battlefield, in camp, and
+on the march which leave an indelible impression. Of these, among the
+most vivid to me is that of a column of men and horses at dawn of day,
+after having marched throughout the night. The weary animals, with
+heads hanging and gaunt sides, put their feet to the ground as softly as
+if fearing to arouse their drowsy mates or give themselves a jar. A man
+looks some years older than on the preceding day, and his haggard face
+as if it had been unwashed for a week. Not yet accustomed to the light,
+and thinking his countenance unobserved, as in the darkness, he makes no
+effort to assume an expression more cheerful than in keeping with his
+solemn feelings, and, when spoken to, his distressful attempt to smile
+serves only to emphasize the need of "sore labor's bath." Vanity,
+however, seems to prevent each one from seeing in his neighbor's visage
+a photograph of his own. But, with an hour of sunlight and a halt for
+breakfast with a draught of rare coffee, he stands a new creature. On
+the morning after our departure from Manassas Junction, having marched
+all night, we had a good illustration of this.
+
+About seven o'clock we came to a Federal wagon which had upset over a
+bank and was lying, bottom upward, in a ditch below the road. Around it
+were boxes and packages of food, desiccated vegetables red with tomatoes
+and yellow with pumpkin. Here a timely halt was called. Across the
+ditch, near where we went into park, the infantry who had preceded us
+had carried from the overturned wagon a barrel of molasses with the head
+knocked out. Surging around it was a swarm of men with canteens, tin
+cups, and frying-pans--anything that would hold molasses. As each vessel
+was filled by a dip into the barrel it was held aloft, to prevent its
+being knocked from the owner's grasp as he made his way out through the
+struggling mass; and woe be to him that was hatless! as the stream that
+trickled from above, over head and clothes, left him in a sorry plight.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII
+
+CIRCUITOUS NIGHT MARCH--FIRST DAY OF SECOND MANASSAS--ARRIVAL OF
+LONGSTREET'S CORPS
+
+
+Here we halted long enough for a hurried breakfast for men and horses.
+Sleep did not seem to enter into Jackson's calculations, or time was
+regarded as too precious to be allowed for it. We were on the move again
+by noon and approaching the scene of the battle of July, 1861. This was
+on Thursday, August 26, 1862, and a battle was evidently to open at any
+moment. In the absence of Henry, our gunner, who was sick and off duty,
+I was appointed to fill his place. And it was one of the few occasions,
+most probably the only one during the war, that I felt the slightest
+real desire to exclaim, with the Corporal at Waterloo, "Let the battle
+begin!" About two P. M. we went into position, but, before
+firing a shot, suddenly moved off, and, marching almost in a
+semi-circle, came up in the rear of the infantry, who were now hotly
+engaged. This was the beginning of the second battle of Manassas, during
+the first two days of which, and the day preceding, Jackson's command
+was in great suspense, and, with a wide-awake and active foe, would have
+been in great jeopardy. He was entirely in the rear of the Federal
+army, with only his own corps, while Longstreet had not yet passed
+through Thoroughfare Gap, a narrow defile miles away. The rapid and
+steady roll of the musketry, however, indicated that there was no lack
+of confidence on the part of his men, though the line of battle had
+changed front and was now facing in the opposite direction from the one
+held a few hours before. Moving through a body of woods toward the
+firing-line we soon began meeting and passing the stream of wounded men
+making their way to the rear. And here our attention was again called to
+a singular and unaccountable fact, which was noticed and remarked
+repeatedly throughout the war. It was that in one battle the large
+majority of the less serious wounds received were in the same portion of
+the body. In this case, fully three-fourths of the men we met were
+wounded in the left hand; in another battle the same proportion were
+wounded in the right hand; while in another the head was the attractive
+mark for flying bullets, and so on. I venture the assertion that every
+old soldier whose attention is called to it will verify the statement.
+
+The battle was of about two hours in duration, and by sundown the firing
+had entirely ceased, the enemy being driven from the field, leaving
+their dead and wounded. The infantry of the Stonewall Brigade had been
+in the thickest of it all and had suffered severe loss.
+
+Willie Preston, of the College company, less than eighteen years of
+age, a most attractive and promising youth, received a mortal wound. His
+dying messages were committed to Hugh White, the captain of his company,
+who, two days later, was himself instantly killed. On the ground where
+some of the heaviest fighting took place there stood a neat log-house,
+the home of a farmer's family. From it they had, of course, hurriedly
+fled, leaving their cow and a half-grown colt in the yard. Both of these
+were killed. I saw, also on this field, a dead rabbit and a dead
+field-lark--innocent victims of man's brutality!
+
+A quiet night followed, and, except for those of us who were on guard,
+the first unbroken rest we had had for almost a week. Next morning,
+after breakfasting leisurely, we went into position opposite the enemy,
+occupying a long range of hills too distant for serious damage. But,
+after we had shelled each other for half an hour, one of our infantry
+regiments emerged from the woods a short distance to our right and stood
+in line of battle most needlessly exposed. In less than five minutes a
+shell burst among them, killing and wounding eleven men. This over, we
+moved to a haystack nearby, where our horses had more than one
+refreshing feed during lulls in the battle. It seemed, also, an
+attractive place for General Jackson, as he was seldom far from it till
+the close of the battle on the following day.
+
+An hour later, while engaged in another artillery encounter, our
+detachment received a very peremptory and officious order from Major
+Shoemaker, commanding the artillery of the division. My friend and
+former messmate, W. G. Williamson, now a lieutenant of engineers, having
+no duty in that line to perform, had hunted us up, and, with his innate
+gallantry, was serving as a cannoneer at the gun. Offended at
+Shoemaker's insolent and ostentatious manner, we answered him as he
+deserved. Furious at such impudence and insubordination, he was almost
+ready to lop our heads off with his drawn sword, when Williamson
+informed him that he was a commissioned officer and would see him at the
+devil before he would submit to such uncalled-for interference.
+
+"If you are a commissioned officer," Shoemaker replied, "why are you
+here, working at a gun?"
+
+"Because I had not been assigned to other duty," was Williamson's reply,
+"and I chose to come back, for the time being, with my old battery."
+
+"Then I order you under arrest for your disrespect to a superior
+officer!" said Shoemaker.
+
+The case was promptly reported to General Jackson, and Williamson as
+promptly released. The bombastic major had little idea that among the
+men he was so uselessly reprimanding was a son of General Lee, as well
+as Lieutenant Williamson, who was a nephew of Gen. Dick Garnett, who was
+later killed in Pickett's charge at Gettysburg. This episode over, we
+again drove to the haystack.
+
+These repeated advances and attacks made by the enemy's artillery
+plainly showed that they realized that our situation was a hazardous
+one, of which we, too, were fully aware, and unless Longstreet should
+soon show up we felt that the whole of Pope's army would soon be upon
+us. While quietly awaiting developments, we heard the sound of a horse's
+hoofs, and, as a courier galloped up to General Jackson, to announce
+Longstreet's approach, the cloud of red dust raised by his vanguard in
+the direction of Thoroughfare Gap assured us that he would soon be at
+hand. Before he reached the field, however, and while we were enjoying
+the sense of relief at his coming, one of the enemy's batteries had
+quietly and unobserved managed to get into one of the positions occupied
+by our battery during the morning. Their first volley, coming from such
+an unexpected quarter, created a great commotion. Instantly we galloped
+to their front and unlimbered our guns at close range. Other of our
+batteries fired a few shots, but soon ceased, all seeming intent on
+witnessing a duel between the two batteries of four guns each. Their
+position was the more favorable, as their limbers and caissons were
+behind the crest of the hill, while we were on level ground with ours
+fully exposed. Each man worked as if success depended on his individual
+exertions, while Captain Poague and Lieutenant Graham galloped back and
+forth among the guns, urging us to our best efforts. Our antagonists got
+our range at once, and, with their twelve-pound Napoleon guns, poured
+in a raking fire. One shell I noticed particularly as it burst, and
+waited a moment to observe its effects as the fragments tore by. One of
+them struck Captain Poague's horse near the middle of the hip, tearing
+an ugly hole, from which there spurted a stream of blood the size of a
+man's wrist. To dismount before his horse fell required quick work, but
+the captain was equal to the occasion. Another shell robbed Henry
+Boteler of the seat of his trousers, but caused the shedding of no
+blood, and his narrow escape the shedding of no tears, although the loss
+was a serious one. Eugene Alexander, of Moorefield, had his thigh-bone
+broken and was incapacitated for service. Sergeant Henry Payne, a
+splendid man and an accomplished scholar, was struck by a solid shot
+just below the knee and his leg left hanging by shreds of flesh. An hour
+later, when being lifted into an ambulance, I heard him ask if his leg
+could not be saved, but in another hour he was dead.
+
+After an hour of spirited work, our antagonists limbered up and hurried
+off, leaving us victors in the contest. Lieutenant Baxter McCorkle
+galloped over to the place to see what execution we had done, and found
+several dead men, as many or more dead horses, and one of their caissons
+as evidences of good aim; and brought back with him a fine army-pistol
+left in the caisson. When the affair was over, I found myself exhausted
+and faint from over-exertion in the hot sun. Remembering that my
+brother David had brought along a canteen of vinegar, gotten in the big
+capture of stores a few days before, and, thinking a swallow of it would
+revive me, I went to him and asked him to get it for me. Before I was
+done speaking, the world seemed to make a sudden revolution and turn
+black as I collapsed with it. My brother, thinking I was shot, hurried
+for the vinegar, but found the canteen, which hung at the rear of a
+caisson, entirely empty; it, too, having been struck by a piece of
+shell, and even the contents of the little canteen demanded by this
+insatiable plain.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIV
+
+THE SECOND BATTLE OF MANASSAS--INCIDENTS AND SCENES ON THE BATTLEFIELD
+
+
+These encounters were the preludes to the great battle for which both
+sides were preparing, almost two days having already been spent in
+maneuvering and feeling each other's lines. The afternoon, however,
+passed quietly with no further collisions worthy of mention. The
+following day, Saturday, was full of excitement. It was the third and
+last of this protracted battle, and the last for many a brave soldier in
+both armies.
+
+The shifting of troops began early, our battery changing position
+several times during the forenoon. Neither army had buried its dead of
+the first day's battle. We held the ground on which were strewn the
+corpses of both Blue and Gray, in some places lying side by side. The
+hot August sun had parched the grass to a crisp, and it was frequently
+ignited by bursting shells. In this way the clothes of the dead were
+sometimes burned off, and the bodies partially roasted! Such spectacles
+made little or no impression at the time, and we moved to and fro over
+the field, scarcely heeding them.
+
+About two o'clock we were ordered some distance forward, to fire on a
+battery posted on a low ridge near a piece of woods. By skirting along a
+body of woods on our left, and screened by it, we came out in full view
+of this battery and on its right flank. My gun, being in front and the
+first seen by them, attracted their whole fire; but most of their shells
+passed over our heads and burst among the guns in our rear and among the
+trees. None of us was hurt, and in a few minutes all four of our guns
+were unlimbered and opened on them most vigorously. In five or six
+rounds their guns ceased firing and were drawn by hand from the crest of
+the ridge entirely out of view and range.
+
+As we stood by our guns, highly satisfied with our prowess, General
+Jackson came riding up to the first detachment and said, "That was
+handsomely done, very handsomely done," then passed on to the other
+detachments and to each one addressed some complimentary remark. In half
+an hour we were again at our rendezvous, the haystack, and he at his
+headquarters, and all quiet. But this time it was the calm before the
+real storm.
+
+Across the open plains on which we stood, and some three hundred yards
+distant from us, was an extensive body of woods in which Longstreet's
+corps had quietly formed in line of battle. In front of this was open
+ground, sloping gently for one-fourth of a mile, and on its crest the
+enemy's line of battle. To our left another large body of woods extended
+toward our front, and concealed the movements of both armies from view
+in that direction. General Jackson had dismounted from his horse and was
+sitting on the rail-fence, and ours and one or two other batteries were
+in bivouac close by, and all as calm and peaceful as if the armies were
+in their respective winter quarters, when a roar and crash of musketry
+that was almost deafening burst forth in the woods in our immediate
+front, and a shower of Minie-bullets whistled through the air, striking
+here and there about us. Instantly everything was astir, with an
+occasional lamentation or cry of pain from some wounded man. General
+Jackson mounted his horse hurriedly. The fighting soon became general
+throughout the lines, in portions of it terrific. General Pope, after
+two days of preparation, had advanced his lines and made the attack
+instead of receiving it, as our lines were on the eve of advancing.
+
+A projected but uncompleted railroad, with alternating cuts and
+embankments, afforded a splendid line of defense to our infantry on the
+left. The most continued and persistent fighting was where it began, on
+that portion of the line held by Jackson's old division. In the course
+of an hour the attack was repulsed and a counter-charge made, but,
+judging from the number of dead the enemy left on the field, and the
+rapidity of their pursuit, the Confederates met with but little
+resistance thereafter.
+
+An attack had been made on Longstreet's corps at the same time, which
+met with the same ill success, and was followed by a counter-charge. I
+remember our noticing the high range of hills in front of Longstreet,
+completely commanding, as it did, the intervening ground, and some one
+remarking, while the charge was in progress, that it seemed impossible
+to carry it. But the reserves who occupied this high ground made but
+little resistance, and, joining those who had been repulsed, all fled
+hurriedly from the field. As soon as the retreat of the Federal army
+began, active participation in the battle by the artillery ceased. We
+joined in the pursuit, which was brought to a close soon after it began
+by approaching night.
+
+In crossing a field in the pursuit, a short distance from our gun, I
+passed near a young infantryman lying entirely alone, with his
+thigh-bone broken by a Minie-bullet. He was in great distress of mind
+and body, and asked me most pleadingly to render him some assistance. If
+I could do nothing else, he begged that I should find his brother, who
+belonged to Johnston's battery, of Bedford County, Virginia. I told him
+I could not leave my gun, etc., which gave him little comfort; but he
+told me his name, which was Ferguson, and where his home was.
+Fortunately, however, I happened on Johnston's battery soon after, and
+sent his brother to him. I heard nothing further of him until five years
+later--two years after the war--when I was on a visit to some relatives
+in Bedford County. As we started to church in Liberty one Sunday morning
+I recalled the incident and mentioned it to my aunt's family, and was
+informed that Ferguson was still alive, had been very recently married,
+and that I would probably see him that morning at church. And, sure
+enough, I was scarcely seated in church when he came limping in and took
+a seat near me. I recognized him at once, but, fearing he had not
+forgotten what he felt was cruel indifference in his desperate
+situation, did not renew our acquaintance.
+
+[Illustration: W. S. MCCLINTIC]
+
+After parting with him on the battlefield and overtaking my gun, our
+route for a time was through the enemy's dead and wounded of the battle
+which took place two days before, who had been lying between the two
+armies, exposed to the hot sun since that time. While taking a more
+direct route, as the battery was winding around an ascent, my attention
+was called to a Federal soldier of enormous size lying on the ground.
+His head was almost as large as a half-bushel and his face a dark-blue
+color. I supposed, as a matter of course, that he was dead, and
+considered him a curiosity even as a dead man. But, while standing near
+him, wondering at the size of the monster, he began to move, and turned
+as if about to rise to his feet. Thinking he might succeed, I hurried on
+and joined my gun.
+
+Here we had a good opportunity of observing the marked and striking
+difference between the Federals and Confederates who remained unburied
+for twenty-four hours or more after being killed. While the Confederates
+underwent no perceptible change in color or otherwise, the Federals, on
+the contrary, became much swollen and discolored. This was, of course,
+attributable to the difference in their food and drink. And while some
+Confederates, no doubt for want of sufficient food, fell by the wayside
+on the march, the great majority of them, owing to their simple fare,
+could endure, and unquestionably did endure, more hardship than the
+Federals who were overfed and accustomed to regular and full rations.
+
+Our following in the pursuit was a mere form, as the enemy had been
+driven by our infantry from all of their formidable positions, and
+night, as usual in such cases, had put a stop to further pursuit. As we
+countermarched, to find a suitable camping-ground, great care had to be
+taken in the darkness to avoid driving over the enemy's wounded who lay
+along the course of our route. I remember one of them especially, in a
+narrow place, was very grateful to me for standing near him and
+cautioning the drivers as they passed by.
+
+On the next day, Sunday, August 31, after three days of occupation such
+as I have described, we were not averse to a Sabbath-day's rest, which
+also gave us the opportunity of reviewing at leisure the events and
+results of our experience, and going over other portions of the
+battlefield. Looking to the right front, spread out in full view, was
+the sloping ground over which Longstreet had fought and driven his
+antagonists. The extensive area presented the appearance of an immense
+flower-garden, the prevailing blue thickly dotted with red, the color
+of the Federal Zouave uniform. In front of the railroad-cut, and not
+more than fifty yards from it, where Jackson's old division had been
+attacked, at least three-fourths of the men who made the charge had been
+killed, and lay in line as they had fallen. I looked over and examined
+the ground carefully, and was confident that I could have walked a
+quarter of a mile in almost a straight line on their dead bodies without
+putting a foot on the ground. By such evidences as this, our minds had
+been entirely disabused of the idea that "the Northerners would not
+fight."
+
+It was near this scene of carnage that I also saw two hundred or more
+citizens whose credulity under General Pope's assurance had brought them
+from Washington and other cities to see "Jackson bagged," and enjoy a
+gala day. They were now under guard, as prisoners, and responded
+promptly to the authority of those who marched them by at a lively pace.
+This sample of gentlemen of leisure gave an idea of the material the
+North had in reserve, to be utilized, if need be, in future.
+
+During the three days--28th, 29th and 30th--the official reports give
+the Federal losses as 30,000, the Confederates as 8,000. On each of
+these days our town of Lexington had lost one of her most promising
+young men--Henry R. Payne, of our battery; Hugh White, captain of the
+College company, and Willie Preston, a private in the same company, a
+noble young fellow who had had the fortitude and moral courage, at the
+request of President Junkin, to pull down the palmetto flag hoisted by
+the students over Washington College. We remained about Manassas only
+long enough for the dead to be buried.
+
+The suffering of the wounded for want of attention, bad enough at best,
+in this case must have been extraordinary. The aggregate of wounded of
+the two armies, Confederate and Federal, exceeded 15,000 in number. The
+surrounding country had been devastated by war until it was practically
+a desert. The railroad bridges and tracks, extending from the Rapidan in
+Orange County to Fairfax, a distance of fifty miles, had been destroyed,
+so that it would require several weeks before the Confederates could
+reach the hospitals in Richmond and Charlottesville, and then in
+box-cars, over rough, improvised roads. Those of the Federal army were
+cut off in like manner from their hospitals in the North. In addition to
+all this, the surgeons and ambulances and their corps continued with
+their respective commands, to meet emergencies of like nature, to be
+repeated before the September moon had begun to wane.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XV
+
+BATTLE OF CHANTILLY--LEESBURG--CROSSING THE POTOMAC
+
+
+After such prolonged marching and such a victory as the second Manassas
+we hoped for a rest so well earned; at any rate, we imagined that there
+was no enemy near inclined to give battle; but on Monday, September 1,
+we were again on the march, which continued far into the night, it being
+near daylight when we went into park. The latter part of the way I rode
+on a caisson, seated by a companion, and so entirely overcome with sleep
+as to be unable to keep my eyes open five seconds at a time, nodding
+from side to side over the wheels. My companion would rouse me and tell
+me of my danger, but shame, danger, and all were of no avail till,
+waking for the fortieth time, I found my hat was gone. I jumped down,
+went back a short distance, and found my old drab fur, of Lexington
+make, flat in the road, having been trampled over by several teams and
+gunwheels.
+
+After a halt of a few hours we were again on the move, and soon found
+ourselves in Fairfax County. About noon we passed by "Chantilly," the
+home of my messmate, Wash. Stuart, whom we had left desperately wounded
+at Winchester. The place, a beautiful country residence, was deserted
+now. Stuart, though, was somewhere in the neighborhood, a paroled
+prisoner, and on his return to us the following winter told us of the
+efforts he had made to find us near "The Plains" with a feast of wines,
+etc., for our refreshment. Two or three miles from Chantilly short and
+frequent halts and cautious advances warned us that there were breakers
+ahead. Then the pop, pop, pop! of a skirmish-line along the edge of a
+wood in our front brought back again those nervous pulsations in the
+region of the stomach which no amount of philosophy or will-power seemed
+able to repress.
+
+The battery kept straight on in the road and through the woods, the
+enemy's skirmishers having fallen back to our right. We halted where the
+road began to descend, waiting until a place suitable for action could
+be found. Up to this time there was only infantry skirmishing, not a
+cannon having been fired on either side, when, as we stood quietly by
+our guns, a Federal shell burst in our midst with a tremendous crash.
+None of us heard the report of the gun that sent it, or knew from what
+direction it came, but the accuracy with which we had been located in
+the dense forest was not comforting.
+
+Soon after this, our attention was attracted by the approach, along the
+road in our front, of ten or twelve horsemen, riding leisurely toward
+us, one of whom bore a banner of unusually large size. As they passed,
+the most conspicuous figure in the party was a Federal officer in new
+uniform, and several other prisoners, escorted by a guard of our
+cavalry. The banner was the flag of New York State, with the field of
+white satin emblazoned with the coat-of-arms of the Empire State, and
+all elaborately decorated with flowing cords and tassels.
+
+After remaining here for an hour, and our officers finding no open
+ground for battle, and no enemy in sight except some videttes who
+saluted us with an occasional Minie-ball, we countermarched one-half
+mile in a drenching rain and went into park. Meanwhile, a brisk musketry
+fire had extended along the infantry lines, and soon after halting one
+of our battery horses fell dead, struck by one of their stray bullets.
+It was during this contest, in the pouring rain, that General Jackson,
+on receiving a message from a brigadier that his ammunition was wet, and
+he feared he could not hold on, replied, "Tell him to hold his ground.
+If his guns will not go off, neither will the enemy's."
+
+Before the firing ceased, which continued through the twilight,
+Major-General Kearny, mistaking a line of Confederates for his own men,
+rode almost into their midst before discovering his error. He wheeled
+his horse, and, as he dashed off, leaning forward on the horse's neck,
+received a bullet in his back and fell dead upon the field. Next day
+his body was returned to his friends under flag of truce.
+
+From Chantilly, or Ox Hill, as this battle was called by Confederates
+and Federals, respectively, we reached Leesburg, the county-seat, by a
+march of thirty miles due north into Loudoun County, and a mile or two
+east of this attractive town went into bivouac about sunset in a
+beautiful grassy meadow which afforded what seemed to us a downy couch,
+and to the horses luxuriant pasturage, recalling former and better days.
+Next morning, while lying sound asleep wrapped in my blanket, I became
+painfully conscious of a crushing weight on my foot. Opening my eyes,
+there stood a horse almost over me, quietly cropping the grass, with one
+forefoot planted on one of mine. Having no weapon at hand, I motioned
+and yelled at him most lustily. Being the last foot put down, it was the
+last taken up, and, turning completely around, he twisted the blanket
+around the calks of his shoe, stripped it entirely off of me, and
+dragged it some yards away. There being no stones nor other missiles
+available, I could only indulge in a storm of impotent rage, but,
+notwithstanding the trampling I had undergone, was able "to keep up with
+the procession."
+
+The morning was a beautiful one, the sun having just risen in a clear
+sky above the mists overhanging and marking the course of the Potomac a
+mile to the east, and lighting up the peaks of the Blue Ridge to the
+west. The country and scenery were not unlike, and equal to the
+prettiest parts of the Valley. Circling and hovering overhead, calling
+and answering one another in their peculiarly plaintive notes, as if
+disturbed by our presence, were the gray plover, a bird I had never
+before seen. All in all, the environment was strikingly peaceful and
+beautiful, and suggestive of the wish that the Federals, whom we had
+literally whipped out of their boots and several other articles of
+attire, and who had now returned to their own country, would remain
+there, and allow us the same privilege.
+
+But General Lee took a different view of it, and felt that the desired
+object would be more effectually accomplished by transferring the war
+into their own territory. So before noon we were again "trekking," and
+that, too, straight for the Potomac. Orders had again been issued
+forbidding the cannoneers riding on the caissons and limbers; but, in
+crossing the Potomac that day, as the horses were in better shape and
+the ford smooth, Captain Poague gave us permission to mount and ride
+over dry-shod. For which breach of discipline he was put under arrest
+and for several days rode--solemn and downcast--in rear of the battery,
+with the firm resolve, no doubt, that it was the last act of charity of
+which he would be guilty during the war. Lieutenant Graham was in
+command.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVI
+
+MARYLAND--MY DAY IN FREDERICK CITY
+
+
+We were now in Maryland, September 5, 1862. From accounts generally, and
+more particularly from the opinions expressed by the Maryland members of
+our battery, we were in eager anticipation of seeing the whole
+population rise to receive us with open arms, and our depleted ranks
+swelled by the younger men, impatient for the opportunity to help to
+achieve Southern independence. The prospect of what was in store for us
+when we reached Baltimore, as pictured by our boys from that city,
+filled our minds with such eager yearnings that our impatience to rush
+in could scarcely be restrained. On the evening of our arrival within
+the borders of the State, with several companions, I took supper at the
+house of a Southern sympathizer, who said much to encourage our faith.
+
+In a day or two we were approaching Frederick City. Strict orders had
+been issued against foraging or leaving the ranks, but Steve Dandridge
+and I determined to take the bit in our teeth and endeavor to do the
+town for one day at all hazards. Knowing the officers and provost-guards
+would be on the alert and hard to evade after the town was reached, we
+concluded, in order to be safe from their observation, to accomplish
+that part of our plan beforehand. A field of corn half a mile from the
+city afforded us good cover till well out of sight. Then, by "taking
+judicious advantage of the shrubbery," we made our way into a quiet part
+of the city, and, after scaling a few picket fences, came out into a
+cross-street remote from the line of march. Steve was the fortunate
+possessor of a few dollars in greenbacks, my holdings being of a like
+sum in Confederate scrip.
+
+As previously mentioned, our extra baggage--and extra meant all save
+that worn on our backs--had been left weeks before near the banks of the
+Rapidan, so that our apparel was now in sad plight. Dandridge had lost
+his little cadet-cap while on a night march, and supplied its place from
+the head of a dead Federal at Manassas, his hair still protruding
+freely, and burnt as "brown as a pretzel bun." The style of my hat was
+on the other extreme. It had been made to order by a substantial hatter
+in Lexington, enlisted, and served through the war on one head after
+another. It was a tall, drab-colored fur of conical shape, with several
+rows of holes punched around the crown for ventilation. I still wore the
+lead-colored knit jacket given me by "Buck" Ranson during the Banks
+campaign. This garment was adorned with a blue stripe near the edges,
+buttoned close at the throat, and came down well over the hips, fitting
+after the manner of a shirt. My trousers, issued by the Confederate
+Quartermaster Department, were fashioned in North Carolina, of a
+reddish-brown or brick-dust color, part wool and part cotton, elaborate
+in dimensions about the hips and seat, but tapering and small at the
+feet, in imitation, as to shape and color, of those worn by Billy
+Wilson's Zouaves at first Manassas. This is an accurate description of
+our apparel. Among our fellow-soldiers it attracted no especial
+attention, as there were many others equally as striking. Very
+naturally, we were at first eyed with suspicion by the people we met,
+and when we inquired for a place to get refreshments were directed "down
+yonder"; in fact anywhere else than where we were.
+
+We soon found a nice little family grocery-store; that is, one kept by a
+family, including among others two very comely young women. Here we
+found O'Rourke, an Irishman of our company, who had a talent for nosing
+out good things--both solids and liquids. We were served with a good
+repast of native wine, bread, butter, etc.; and, in case we should not
+have leisure for milder beverages, had a canteen filled with whiskey.
+
+While enjoying our agreeable cheer, a man about thirty years of age came
+in, he said, to make our acquaintance. He was quite a sharp-looking
+fellow, with small, keen black eyes, a "glib" tongue, and told us that
+he was an out-and-out rebel, proud to meet us and ready to oblige. Steve
+forthwith proposed, as evidence of his good-will, an exchange of
+headgear. He dilated eloquently on the historic value of his own cap,
+and, while it did not entirely suit him, exposed as he was to the
+weather, it would be becoming to a city gentleman, besides reviving the
+most pleasant associations as a souvenir; and, moreover, the hat the
+stranger wore was most suitable for a soldier and would do good service
+to the cause. At length the exchange was made and, Steve having donned
+the nice black hat, we took our leave. We had scarcely walked a square
+when our attention was attracted by the sound of rapid footsteps
+approaching from the rear, and, turning, we saw our new and interesting
+acquaintance coming at a run. As he passed us, with a high bound he
+seized the hat from Dandridge's head, threw the cap on the pavement, and
+disappeared like a flash around the corner.
+
+While seated in a confectionery, enjoying a watermelon we had purchased
+at a nearby fruitstand, a gentleman came in and insisted on presenting
+us with a bottle of blackberry brandy, which he recommended as an
+excellent tonic. We declined his offer, a little suspicious as to the
+nature of the liquor, but, as he accepted our invitation to partake of
+our melon, we compromised by joining him in a drink of the brandy, and
+found it so palatable we regretted not having accepted his proposed
+present of the whole bottle. Here, with boyish delight, we laid in a
+supply of confectionery.
+
+Passing along the street soon after this, we were accosted by a
+venerable-looking gentleman, who stopped us and inquired, very
+modestly, if there was any way in which he could be of service to us. We
+could suggest none. He then intimated that we might be a little short of
+current funds. We could not deny that our funds were somewhat short and
+not very current. He offered us some greenbacks, of which we accepted a
+dollar, asking him to try one of our Confederate dollars instead, which
+he declined to do, but expressed the hope, in a very delicate way, that
+all of the Confederate soldiers would so conduct themselves as to show
+the Marylanders of Union proclivities what gentlemen they really were.
+
+Our next experience was rather trying, for me at least, as events will
+show. Dandridge remembered that he had a lady friend in the city, and
+proposed that we hunt her up and pay a call. We discussed the subject, I
+thinking such assurance out of the question; but he said he knew her
+"like a book," that she had visited at "The Bower," his family home;
+would excuse our appearance, and be charmed to see us. He knew that,
+when in Frederick City, she visited at a Mr. Webster's, whose handsome
+residence we succeeded in locating, and were soon at the door. The bell
+was answered by a tall, dignified-looking gentleman of about forty-five
+years, with a full brown beard, who, standing in the half-open door,
+looked inquiringly as to the object of our visit. Dandridge asked if
+Miss---- was in. He replied she was, and waited as if inclined to ask,
+"What business is that of yours?" Dandridge cut the interview short by
+saying, "My name is Dandridge, and I wish to see her. Come in, Ned." We
+walked in, and were asked to be seated in the hall. Presently
+Miss---- appeared. She seemed at first, and doubtless was, somewhat
+surprised. Dandridge, though, was perfectly natural and at ease,
+introduced me as if I were a general, and rattled away in his usual
+style. She informed him that another of his lady friends was in the
+house, and left us to bring her in. To me the situation was not of the
+kind I had been seeking and, rising, I said, "Steven, if you have time
+before the ladies return to manufacture a satisfactory explanation of my
+absence, do so; otherwise, treat the matter as if you had come alone,"
+and I vanished. Dandridge was invited to remain to dinner, was
+sumptuously feasted and entertained by the host, and to my astonishment
+brought me a special invitation to return with him the following day and
+dine with the household. Other engagements, however, prevented my going.
+
+About four P. M. I met Joe Shaner, of Lexington, and of our battery, on
+the street. His gun having met with some mishap the day previous, had
+fallen behind, and had now just come up and passed through the town. Joe
+was wofully dejected, and deplored missing, as one would have imagined,
+the opportunity of his life--a day in such a city, teeming with all that
+was good. But little time now remained before evening roll-call, when
+each must give an account of himself. He was hungry, tired, and warm,
+and I felt it my duty to comfort him as far as possible. I asked him how
+he would like a taste of whiskey. "It's just what I need," was his quiet
+reply, and before I had time to get the strap off of my shoulder he
+dropped on one knee on the curb-stone and had my canteen upside down to
+his mouth, oblivious of those passing by. He had no money, but, being a
+messmate, I invested the remnant of my change for his benefit, but found
+it necessary to include a weighty watermelon, to make out his load to
+camp.
+
+The next acquaintance I met was George Bedinger, whom I found, clad _a
+la mode_, standing in a hotel-door with an expression of calm
+satisfaction on his face. As I came up to him, carrying my recent
+purchases tied in a bandana handkerchief, and stood before him, he
+scanned me from head to foot, said not a word, but fell back with a roar
+of laughter. Gay, brilliant Bedinger, whose presence imparted an
+electric touch to those around him; I shall ne'er see his like again!
+
+The sun was now setting; camp was two miles away. Thither I set out,
+cheered by the assurance that, whatever punishment befell, I had had a
+day. Arriving there, my apprehensions were relieved, possibly because
+offenses of the kind were too numerous to be handled conveniently. About
+dusk that evening a free fight between the members of our company and
+those of Raines's battery, of Lynchburg, was with difficulty prevented
+by the officers of the companies, who rushed in with their sabers. The
+Alleghany Roughs, hearing the commotion, one of their men cried out,
+"Old Rockbridge may need us! Come on, boys, let's see them through!" And
+on they came.
+
+We spent two or three days in a clean, fresh camp in this fertile
+country, supplied with an abundance of what it afforded. At noon each
+day apple-dumplings could be seen dancing in the boiling camp-kettles,
+with some to spare for a visitor, provided he could furnish his own
+plate.
+
+On the tenth came orders "to hitch up," but to our surprise and
+disappointment we turned back in the direction from which we had come,
+instead of proceeding toward Baltimore and Washington, and the
+realization of our bright hopes. We crossed the Potomac at Williamsport,
+thirty miles northwest, but not dry-shod. Thence southwest into
+Jefferson County, West Virginia.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVII
+
+RETURN TO VIRGINIA--INVESTMENT AND CAPTURE OF HARPER'S FERRY
+
+
+At Harper's Ferry there was a considerable force of the enemy, which
+place was now evidently the object of the expedition, and which we
+approached soon after noon on the thirteenth. After the usual delays
+required in getting troops deployed, our battery was posted on an
+elevated ridge northwest of Bolivar Heights, the stronghold of the
+Federals, and confronting their bold array of guns directed toward us.
+
+We opened fire and were answered, but without apparent effect on either
+side. This was late in the afternoon, and night came on before anything
+was accomplished. The situation of Harper's Ferry is too well known to
+require description. Only by a view of its surroundings from some
+adjacent eminence can one form an idea of its beauty. As we stood by our
+guns on the morning of the fifteenth we were aware of what had been in
+progress for the investment of the place, and now, that having been
+accomplished, we awaited with interest the general assault that was soon
+to follow.
+
+Directly on the opposite side of Bolivar Heights from where we stood
+was Loudoun, or Virginia Heights, the extreme north end of the Blue
+Ridge in Virginia, at the base of which flowed the Shenandoah River, and
+now held by our artillery, as were also Maryland Heights, across the
+Potomac, while various lines of infantry lay concealed along the banks
+of both rivers and intervening valleys, completely enveloping the
+Federal position.
+
+The morning was still and clear, giving us a full view of the lines of
+the lofty mountains. Simultaneously the great circle of artillery
+opened, all firing to a common center, while the clouds of smoke,
+rolling up from the tops of the various mountains, and the thunder of
+the guns reverberating among them, gave the idea of so many volcanoes.
+
+The fire of the Federals in the unequal contest made no perceptible
+impression, not even on the lines of infantry which had begun closing in
+from all sides for the final charge. Before they (the infantry) were
+within musket range, a horseman bearing a large piece of tent-cloth
+swept along the crest of Bolivar Heights. The doubtful color of the flag
+displayed prevented an immediate cessation of the Confederate fire. It
+proved to be in token of surrender, but after its appearance I saw a
+shot from our second piece strike so near a horseman riding at speed
+along the heights as to envelop horse and rider in its smoke and dust.
+
+The whole affair, devoid, as it was, of ordinary danger, was one of
+thrilling interest. Our commanding position gave us a full view of the
+extensive and varied terrain, a thing of rare occurrence to other than
+general officers. In addition to this, the fact that we had defeated our
+antagonists, usually in superior numbers, in battle after battle
+throughout a long campaign, tended to confirm us in the opinion that we
+could down them every time, and that the contest must, at no distant
+day, end in our favor. The number of troops surrendered was 11,500, with
+seventy-three pieces of artillery, sufficient to supply our batteries
+for some time. It was comparatively a bloodless victory, though the
+commanding officer, Colonel Miles, was killed at the last moment, and
+the terms of surrender arranged by General White, who had fallen back to
+this place from Martinsburg. I saw their artillery as it was driven out
+and turned over to us, supplied with most excellent equipments, and
+horses sleek and fat.
+
+As some time would be consumed in handling the prisoners and the
+transfer of arms and stores, I set out in the afternoon for Charlestown,
+and, as usual, went to my friends--the Ransons. After a refreshing bath
+I donned a clean white shirt and a pair of light-checked trousers, and
+was ready to discuss the events of the campaign with General Lindsay
+Walker, who was also a guest of the house. About nine o'clock at night I
+was joined by Dandridge, who had been met in the town by his mother and
+sisters from "The Bower," and, with light hearts and full haversacks,
+we set out for camp seven miles distant.
+
+[Illustration: D. GARDINER TYLER]
+
+The Ranson family has several times been mentioned in these pages, as
+their home was a place where, when hungry, I was fed and, when naked,
+clothed. The oldest son, Tom, now a lawyer in Staunton, Virginia, was my
+schoolfellow and classmate at college when a boy in Lexington. After
+receiving a wound at Cross Keys in June, 1862, when a lieutenant in the
+Fifty-second Virginia Regiment, which incapacitated him for further
+service in the infantry, he enlisted in the cavalry. By reason of his
+familiarity with the topography of the country about Harper's Ferry and
+the lower portion of the Valley, together with his indomitable pluck and
+steady nerve, he was often employed as a scout, and in this capacity
+frequently visited his home near Charlestown. The residence, situated,
+as it was, a quarter of a mile from and overlooking the town, was
+approached by a wide avenue leading by a gentle ascent to the front
+gate, which stood about seventy-five yards from the house. Owing to the
+commanding view thus afforded, it was a favorite place for a Federal
+picket-post, so that, while a dangerous place for a rebel soldier to
+venture, it offered many facilities for obtaining valuable information.
+On one occasion young Ranson spent three days in this home while the
+Federal pickets were on constant watch day and night at the front gate
+opening into the lawn, and went in and out of the house at their
+convenience. Moreover, the negro servants of the family knew of "Marse
+Tom's" presence, but looked and acted negro ignorance to perfection when
+catechised.
+
+When standing at a front window one afternoon Tom saw a lady friend of
+the family approaching the house from the town. On reaching the front
+gate she, of course, was stopped by the sentinel and, after a parley,
+refused admittance and required to retrace her steps. Two hours later,
+much to their surprise, she appeared in the family-room and sank down
+completely exhausted, having entered the house by a rear door, which she
+had reached after making a detour of a mile or more to escape the
+vigilance of the videttes in front. After recovering breath she
+unburdened herself of her load, which consisted, in part, of a pair of
+long-legged cavalry boots, late issues of Northern newspapers, etc. This
+load she had carried suspended from her waist and concealed under the
+large hoop-skirt then worn by ladies. The newspapers and information of
+large bodies of Federal troops being hurried by rail past Harper's Ferry
+were delivered by young Ranson to General Lee on the following day.
+
+Throughout the preceding day, while occupied about Harper's Ferry, we
+heard heavy cannonading across the Maryland border, apparently eight or
+ten miles from us. This had increased in volume, and by sunset had
+evidently advanced toward us, as the sound of musketry was distinctly
+heard. It proved to be an attack on Gen. D. H. Hill's division and other
+commands occupying the South Mountain passes. After stubborn resistance
+the Confederates had been forced to yield. So on reaching camp toward
+midnight, after our visit to Charlestown, we were not surprised to find
+the battery preparing to move. With scarcely an hour's delay we were
+again on the march, heading for Maryland. We arrived at Shepherdstown
+before dawn, and while halting in the road for half an hour Henry Lewis,
+driver at my gun, overcome with sleep, fell sprawling from his horse,
+rousing those about him from a similar condition.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVIII
+
+INTO MARYLAND AGAIN--BATTLE OF SHARPSBURG--WOUNDED--RETURN TO
+WINCHESTER--HOME
+
+
+Half a mile below the town we forded the Potomac for the third time, and
+by the middle of the afternoon were on the outskirts of Sharpsburg, four
+miles from the river. On the opposite, or east, side of this village are
+Antietam creek and valley; a mile from the creek and parallel to it was
+a heavily wooded mountain. It is not my design to attempt a description
+of the battle which was fought on this ground on the following day,
+generally conceded to have been the fiercest of the war, but only to
+mention what came under my observation or was especially associated
+therewith.
+
+The unusual activity and aggressiveness on the part of General
+McClellan, as evidenced by the fierce attacks made on our forces in the
+South Mountain passes for the two preceding days, were explained by his
+being in possession of General Lee's order to his subordinates. This
+order, or a copy of it, which contained directions for the movements of
+the various portions of the Confederate army, including the investment
+of Harper's Ferry, had been lost or disposed of by some one in
+Frederick City, and when this place was occupied, on September 13, by
+the Federals, was delivered to General McClellan. Thus acquainted with
+the location and movements of each division of the Confederate army,
+which was scattered over a wide territory and separated by a river and
+rugged mountains, it seems surprising that with his army of 90,000 men
+he should not have practically destroyed General Lee's army of 40,000.
+General Lee, however, was informed early on the morning of the
+fourteenth that a copy of his order had fallen into the hands of General
+McClellan.
+
+This was done by a citizen of Frederick City who happened to be present
+when General McClellan received it and heard him express satisfaction
+over such a stroke of luck. This citizen at once went to work to inform
+General Lee, which task he accomplished by passing through the Federal
+lines during the night and informing General Stuart, who forthwith
+communicated it to General Lee, who lost no time in moving heaven and
+earth--the former by prayer, we assume; the latter by his authority over
+men--to meet the emergency. Results proved how wonderfully he succeeded.
+
+As we moved past the town we saw neither any of our troops nor those of
+the enemy, and heard no firing. Although there was complete absence of
+the usual prelude to battle, still the apprehension came over us that
+something serious in that line was not very remote, either in time or
+place. The commanders of both armies were conscious of the importance
+of the impending contest, which perhaps explains the extreme caution
+they exercised.
+
+After passing through a piece of woodland, we entered a small field and
+came in distinct view of two blue lines of battle, drawn up one in rear
+of the other. On these we at once opened fire, and were answered very
+promptly by a Federal battery in the same quarter. While thus engaged we
+had a visitor in the person of a young fellow who had just been
+commissioned a lieutenant, having previously been an orderly at brigade
+headquarters. Feeling his newly acquired importance, he spurred his
+horse around among the guns, calling out, "Let 'em have it!" and the
+like, until, seeing our disgust at his impertinent encouragement, and
+that we preferred a chance to let him have it, he departed. Our next
+visitor came in a different guise, and by a hint of another kind was
+quickly disposed of. He, a man of unusually large size, with sword
+dangling at his side, came bounding from our right at a full run. A
+large log a few steps in our rear was his goal as a place of safety, and
+over it he leaped and was instantly concealed behind it. He had scant
+time to adjust himself before the log was struck a crashing blow by a
+solid shot. He reappeared as part of the upheaval; but, regaining his
+feet, broke for the woods with the speed of a quarterhorse, and a
+greater confidence in distance than in logs.
+
+It was now dark, and our range had been accurately gotten. After each
+discharge of our opponent's guns, what appeared to be a harmless spark
+of fire, immovable as a star, repeatedly deceived us. It was the burning
+fuse in the head of the shell which, coming straight toward us, seemed
+stationary until the shell shot by or burst. Four young mules drawing
+our battery-forge were stampeded by these shells and ran off through the
+woods, thus affording Pleasants, our blacksmith, entertainment for the
+rest of the night.
+
+Firing ceased on both sides at about eight o'clock, and we passed
+through the woods to our left and went into park on the opposite side.
+Still feeling the comfort of my clean clothes, I enjoyed a quiet night's
+rest on the top of a caisson, little heeding the gentle rain which fell
+on my face. Our bivouac was immediately by the "Straw-stacks," which
+have been so generally referred to as landmarks in this battle, and
+which were located in the open ground near the forest which extended to
+the Dunkard church. About seven o'clock next morning, while standing
+with horses hitched and awaiting orders, no engagement so far having
+taken place near us, a shell of great size burst with a terrific report.
+One fragment of it mortally wounded Sam Moore, a driver of my gun, while
+another piece cut off the forefoot of one of the horses in the team. We
+soon transferred his harness to another horse which we hitched in his
+stead and, as we went off at a trot, the crippled horse took his place
+close by where he was accustomed to work, and kept alongside on three
+legs until his suffering was relieved by a bullet in the brain.
+
+We had moved, to get out of range of missiles, but the place to which we
+had just come was not an improvement. While standing with the gun in
+front turned in file at right angles to those following, a twenty-pound
+shell swept by the six drivers and their teams in the rear, just grazing
+them, then striking the ground, ricocheted almost between the forward
+driver and his saddle as he threw himself forward on the horse's neck. I
+mention this in contrast with an occurrence later in the day, when one
+shell killed or wounded all of the six horses in a team, together with
+their three drivers.
+
+Fighting along the line of four miles had become general--done on our
+side chiefly by infantry. Jackson's corps occupied the left with a thin
+line of men, and from it there was already a stream of stragglers.
+Jackson, while sitting nearby on his horse, watching the battle, was
+approached by a lad of about thirteen years, who for some time had been
+one of his orderlies. He began talking in a very animated manner,
+pointing the while to different parts of the field. Jackson kept his
+eyes on the ground, but gave close attention to what was said. The boy
+was Charles Randolph, and soon after this became a cadet at the Virginia
+Military Institute, and at the battle of New Market was left on the
+field for dead. Fourteen years after the war, while visiting in a
+neighboring county, I was introduced to a Reverend Mr. Randolph, and,
+seeing the resemblance to the soldier-boy, I asked him about Sharpsburg,
+recalling the incident, and found he was the lad.
+
+The straggling already mentioned continually increased, and seemed to
+give General Jackson great concern. He endeavored, with the aid of his
+staff officers who were present and the members of our company, to stop
+the men and turn them back, but without the least effect; claiming, as
+they did, the want of ammunition and the usual excuses. The marvel was,
+how those remaining in line could have withstood the tremendous odds
+against them; but, from accounts, the enemy suffered the same
+experience, and in a greater degree. Up to this time, with the exception
+of a return of our battery to the Dunkard church, where we had fought
+the evening before, we had done nothing. At about ten o'clock the
+indications were that if reinforcements could not be promptly had
+serious consequences would follow. But just after our return from the
+church to General Jackson's place of observation we saw a long column of
+troops approaching from the left. This was McLaw's division of
+Longstreet's corps, which had just reached the field. Their coming was
+most opportune, and but a short time elapsed before the comparative
+quiet was interrupted--first by volleys, followed by a continuous roar
+of battle.
+
+Our battery was now ordered to the left of our line, and on the way
+thither joined Raines's battery, of Lynchburg, and a battery of
+Louisianians--eleven guns in all. Besides the ordinary number of guns
+accompanying infantry, we had to contend with about thirty 32-pounders
+on the high ground in the rear and entirely commanding that part of the
+field. In view of the superior odds against us, our orders were to hold
+our positions as long as possible, then to move to our left and occupy
+new ones. Why such instructions were given was soon explained, as the
+ground over which we passed, and where we stopped to fire, was strewn
+with the dead horses and the wrecks of guns and caissons of the
+batteries which had preceded us. By the practice thus afforded, the
+Federal batteries had gotten a perfect range, and by the time our guns
+were unlimbered we were enveloped in the smoke and dust of bursting
+shells, and the air was alive with flying iron. At most of the positions
+we occupied on this move it was the exception when splinters and pieces
+of broken rails were not flying from the fences which stood in our
+front, hurled by shot and shell.
+
+Working in the lead of one of the Louisiana battery teams was a horse
+that frequently attracted my admiration. A rich blood-bay in color, with
+flowing black mane and tail, as he swept around in the various changes
+with wide, glowing nostrils and flecked with foam, in my eyes he came
+well up to the description of the warhorse whose "neck was clothed with
+thunder."
+
+Moving as we had been doing, toward the left of our line, we passed
+beyond that portion held by regular infantry commands into what was
+defended by a mere show of force when scarcely any existed. In charge of
+it was Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, who demonstrated on this occasion his
+ability to accomplish what it would seem impossible for one man to do.
+With a few skeleton regiments supplied with numerous flags which he
+posted to show over the crests of the ridges in our rear, as if there
+were men in proportion, he himself took command of a line of
+sharpshooters in our front. This skirmish-line was composed of
+stragglers he had gathered up, and whom he had transformed from a lot of
+shirkers into a band of heroes. With black plume floating, cheering and
+singing, back and forth along the line he swept.
+
+The Federals confronting us in the three blue lines could not have been
+less than 8,000 men, who, with their powerful artillery, should have
+utterly overwhelmed the scant numbers handled by Stuart. As the blue
+lines would start forward, calling to our artillery to pour in the
+shells again, he would urge on his sharpshooters to meet them half-way.
+The failure of a strong force of Federals to advance farther is
+explained, no doubt, by the fact that two of their army corps and one
+division had suffered terribly a short time before near the same ground.
+
+Colonel Allan states, in his "Army of Northern Virginia, 1862," page
+409, "Of Hooker's and Mansfield's corps, and of Sedgwick's division, was
+nothing left available for further operations"; and General Palfrey, the
+Northern historian, says, "In less time than it takes to tell it, the
+ground was strewn with the bodies of the dead and wounded, while the
+unwounded were moving off rapidly to the north." (Palfrey, "Antietam and
+Fredericksburg," page 87.)
+
+While engaged in one of these artillery duels a thirty-two pound shot
+tore by the gun and struck close by Henry Rader, a driver, who was lying
+on the ground, holding the lead-horses at the limber. The shell tore a
+trench alongside of him and hoisted him horizontally from the ground. As
+he staggered off, dazed by the shock, the horses swung around to run,
+when young R. E. Lee, Jr., with bare arms and face begrimed with powder,
+made a dash from the gun, seized the bridle of each of the leaders at
+the mouth, and brought them back into position before the dust had
+cleared away.
+
+In the constant changes from knoll to knoll, in accordance with orders
+to "move when the fire became too hot," some of the batteries with us
+withdrew, perhaps prematurely. In this way the Rockbridge guns were left
+to receive the whole of the enemy's fire. In just such a situation as
+this, it not being to our liking, I asked Lieutenant Graham if we should
+pull out when the others did. Before he could answer the question a
+shell burst at our gun, from which an iron ball an inch in diameter
+struck me on the right thigh-joint, tearing and carrying the clothes in
+to the bone. I fell, paralyzed with excruciating pain. Graham rode off,
+thinking I was killed, as he afterward told me. The pain soon subsided,
+and I was at first content to lie still; but, seeing the grass and earth
+around constantly torn up, and sometimes thrown on me, I made fruitless
+efforts to move. The strict orders against assisting the wounded
+prevented my being carried off until the firing had ceased, when I was
+taken back about fifty yards and my wound examined by two surgeons from
+the skeleton regiments, who treated me with the utmost kindness,
+thinking, perhaps, from my clean white shirt, that I was an officer. An
+hour later my gun came by, and I was put on a caisson and hauled around
+for an hour or two more.
+
+It was about this time that what was left of the battery was seen by
+General Lee, and the interview between him and his son took place. To
+give an idea of the condition of the battery, I quote from
+"Recollections and Letters of General Lee," by R. E. Lee, Jr., page 77:
+
+"As one of the Army of Northern Virginia I occasionally saw the
+Commander-in-Chief, or passed the headquarters close enough to recognize
+him and members of his staff; but a private soldier in Jackson's corps
+did not have much time during that campaign for visiting, and until the
+battle of Sharpsburg I had no opportunity of speaking to him. On that
+occasion our battery had been severely handled, losing many men and
+horses. Having three guns disabled, we were ordered to withdraw and,
+while moving back, we passed General Lee and several of his staff
+grouped on a little knoll near the road. Having no definite orders where
+to go, our captain, seeing the commanding General, halted us and rode
+over to get some instructions. Some others and myself went along to see
+and hear. General Lee was dismounted with some of his staff around him,
+a courier holding his horse. Captain Poague, commanding our battery, the
+Rockbridge Artillery, saluted, reported our condition, and asked for
+instructions. The General listened patiently, looked at us, his eyes
+passing over me without any sign of recognition, and then ordered
+Captain Poague to take the most serviceable horses and men, man the
+uninjured gun, send the disabled part of his command back to refit, and
+report to the front for duty. As Poague turned to go, I went up to speak
+to my father. When he found out who I was he congratulated me on being
+well and unhurt. I then said, 'General, are you going to send us in
+again?' 'Yes, my son,' he replied, with a smile, 'you all must do what
+you can to help drive these people back.' In a letter to Mrs. Lee,
+General Lee says, 'I have not laid eyes on Rob since I saw him in the
+battle of Sharpsburg, going in with a single gun of his, for the second
+time, after his company had been withdrawn in consequence of three of
+its guns having been disabled....'"
+
+Held by a companion on the caisson, as it was driven toward our right,
+jolting over the partly torn-down fences and exposed to far-reaching
+missiles, I had an opportunity of seeing other portions of the
+battlefield. We stopped for a time on the ridge overlooking the village
+almost enveloped in the flames of burning buildings, while flocks of
+terrified pigeons, driven hither and thither by the screaming and
+bursting shells, flew round and round in the clouds of smoke. In
+hearing, from beyond and to the left of the village, was the fighting at
+"Bloody Lane," a sunken road which was almost filled with the dead of
+both sides when the day closed. As was also that at "Burnside Bridge," a
+mile southeast of the town, for the possession of which Burnside's corps
+and Toombs's Georgians contended till late in the afternoon. I was not
+averse to leaving this scene when the disabled caisson proceeded, and
+reached the pike.
+
+A mile farther on I was deposited on the roadside, near the brigade
+field-hospital; and, completely exhausted, was carried into the yard of
+a neat brick cottage by two stalwart Alleghany Roughs and laid beside
+their captain, John Carpenter. The place, inside and out, was filled
+with wounded men. Carpenter insisted on my taking the last of his
+two-ounce vial of whiskey, which wonderfully revived me. Upon inquiry,
+he told me he had been shot through the knee by a piece of shell and
+that the surgeons wanted to amputate his leg, but, calling my attention
+to a pistol at his side, said, "You see that? It will not be taken off
+while I can pull a trigger." He entirely recovered, and led his battery
+into the next battle, where he was again severely wounded. That the
+history of the four Carpenter brothers of Alleghany County, Virginia,
+has not been recorded is a misfortune. As already mentioned, Joe, the
+oldest, and captain of the Alleghany Rough Battery, was mortally wounded
+near us at Cedar Mountain. John, who succeeded him as captain, after
+being wounded at Sharpsburg, was again wounded at Fredericksburg in
+1862, where he was twice carried from the field, and as often worked his
+way back to his gun. In Early's campaign in 1864 he lost his right arm.
+In the same campaign his next younger brother, Ben, lieutenant in the
+same company, was shot through the lungs. The wounds of neither had
+healed when they received news, at their home, of the surrender at
+Appomattox. Mounting their horses, they set out for Gen. Joe Johnston's
+army in North Carolina, but, on arriving at Lexington, Virginia, heard
+of the surrender of that army. The fourth and youngest brother lost a
+leg near the close of the war. Like all true heroes, their modesty was
+as striking as their courage and patriotism.
+
+On the following day at our hospital the heap of amputated legs and arms
+increased in size until it became several feet in height, while the two
+armies lay face to face, like two exhausted monsters, each waiting for
+the other to strike.
+
+About sundown that afternoon I was put in an ambulance with S. R. Moore,
+of the College company, who was in a semi-conscious state, having been
+struck on the brow, the ball passing out back of the ear. The distance
+to Shepherdstown was only three miles, but the slow progress of
+innumerable trains of wagons and impedimenta generally, converging at
+the one ford of the Potomac, delayed our arrival until dawn the next
+morning. About sunrise we were carried into an old deserted frame house
+and assigned to the bare floor for beds. My brother David, whose gun had
+remained on picket duty on this side of the river, soon found me, and at
+once set about finding means to get me away. The only conveyance
+available was George Bedinger's mother's carriage, but my brother's
+horse--the same brute that had robbed me of my bedding at Leesburg---now
+refused to work.
+
+The booming of cannon and bursting of shells along the river at the
+lower end of the town admonished us that our stay in the desolate old
+house must be short, and, as brigade after brigade marched by the door,
+the apprehension that "they in whose wars I had borne my part" would
+soon "have all passed by," made me very wretched. As a last resort, I
+was lifted upon the back of this same obstreperous horse and, in great
+pain, rode to the battery, which was camped a short distance from the
+town.
+
+S. R. Moore was afterward taken to the Bedingers' residence, where he
+remained in the enemy's lines until, with their permission, he was taken
+home by his father some weeks later.
+
+David Barton, a former member of our company, but now in command of
+Cutshaw's battery, kindly sent his ambulance, with instructions that I
+be taken to his father's house in Winchester, which place, in company
+with a wounded man of his battery, I reached on the following day. At
+Mr. Barton's I found my cousin and theirs, Robert Barton, of Rockbridge,
+on sick-leave, and a Doctor Grammer, who dressed my wound; and, although
+unable to leave my bed, I intensely enjoyed the rest and kindness
+received in that hospitable home, which was repeatedly made desolate by
+the deaths of its gallant sons who fell in battle.
+
+Marshall, the eldest, and lieutenant in artillery, was killed on the
+outskirts of Winchester in May, 1862. David, the third son, whom I have
+just mentioned, was killed in December of the same year. Strother, the
+second son, lost a leg at Chancellorsville and died soon after the war;
+and Randolph, the fourth son, captain on the staff of the Stonewall
+Brigade, and now a distinguished lawyer in Baltimore, was seven times
+wounded, while Robert, a member of our battery, and a gallant soldier,
+was the only one of the five brothers in the service who survived the
+war unscathed. Our mutual cousin, Robert Barton of the Rockbridge
+Cavalry, was shot through the lungs in Early's Valley campaign, and left
+within the enemy's lines, where, nursed by his sister, his life hung in
+the balance for many days.
+
+After a sojourn of a few days, leave to go home was given me by the
+department surgeon, and at four o'clock in the morning, with young
+Boiling, Barton and Reid serving as my crutches (on their way to the
+Virginia Military Institute), I was put in the stage-coach at the front
+door and driven to the hotel, where several Baltimoreans, who were
+returning from Northern prisons, got in. One of them was especially
+noticeable, as his face was much pitted by smallpox, and with his
+Confederate uniform he wore a wide-brimmed straw hat. They were a jolly
+set, and enlivened the journey no little. A square or two farther on,
+two wounded officers came from a house at which we stopped, and in an
+authoritative manner demanded seats inside, all of which were occupied.
+They said they were officers in a celebrated command and expected
+corresponding consideration. The fellow with the hat told them his party
+was just from Fort Delaware, where little distinction was paid to rank,
+but if they required exalted positions they ought to get on top of the
+coach. The officers said they were wounded and could not climb up. "I
+was wounded, too--mortally," came from under the hat. After joking them
+sufficiently, the Baltimoreans kindly gave up their seats and mounted to
+the top.
+
+[Illustration: R. T. BARTON]
+
+At the towns at which we stopped to change horses, the boys who
+collected around were entertained with wonderful stories by our friends
+from Baltimore. Just outside of one of these stopping-places we passed
+an old gentleman, probably refugeeing, who wore a tall beaver hat and
+rode a piebald pony. To the usual crowd of lads who had gathered around,
+they said they were going to give a show in the next town and wanted
+them all to come, would give them free tickets, and each a hatful of
+"goobers"; then pointing to the old gentleman on the spotted pony, who
+had now ridden up, said, "Ah, there is our clown; he can give you full
+particulars." One hundred and thirty miles from the battlefield of
+Sharpsburg the dawn of the second day of our journey showed again the
+procession of wounded men, by whom we had been passing all night and who
+had bivouacked along the road as darkness overtook them.
+
+They were now astir, bathing each other's wounds. The distance from
+Winchester to Staunton is ninety-six miles, and the trip was made by our
+stage in twenty-six hours, with stops only long enough to change horses.
+
+From nine to ten o'clock in the night I was utterly exhausted, and felt
+that I could not go a mile farther alive; but rallied, and reached
+Staunton at six o'clock in the morning, having been twenty-six hours on
+the way. Here Sam Lyle and Joe Chester, of the College company, detailed
+as a provost-guard, cared for me until the next day, when another
+stage-ride of thirty-six miles brought me to Lexington and home. With
+the aid of a crutch I was soon able to get about, but four months passed
+before I was again fit for duty, and from the effects of the wound I am
+lame to this day.
+
+Since going into the service in March, 1862, six months before, I had
+been in nine pitched battles, about the same number of skirmishes, and
+had marched more than one thousand miles--and this, too, with no natural
+taste for war.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIX
+
+RETURN TO ARMY--IN WINTER-QUARTERS NEAR PORT ROYAL
+
+
+On December 13, 1862, the great first battle of Fredericksburg had been
+fought, in which four men--Montgomery, McAlpin, Fuller and Beard--in my
+detachment had been killed, and others wounded, while the second piece,
+standing close by, did not lose a man. This section of the battery was
+posted in the flat, east of the railroad. As I was not present in this
+battle I will insert an account recently given me by Dr. Robert Frazer,
+a member of the detachment, who was severely wounded at the time:
+
+"First battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862.--We reached the
+field a little after sunrise, having come up during the night from Port
+Royal, where we had been engaging the enemy's gunboats. The first
+section, under Lieutenant Graham, went immediately into action in front
+of Hamilton's Crossing.
+
+"In conjunction with Stuart's horse artillery it was our mission to meet
+Burnside's movement against General Lee's right wing, resting on the
+Rappahannock. With the exception of brief intervals, to let the guns
+cool, we ceased firing only once during the entire day, and this was to
+move about a hundred yards for a more effective position. Excepting the
+few minutes this occupied, our guns and limber-chests remained in the
+same position all day, the caissons plying steadily between the
+ordnance-train and the battle line, to keep up the stock of ammunition.
+I do not recall the number of casualties, but our losses were heavy.
+When we came to make the change of position mentioned above, more than
+half the horses were unable to take a single step. One of the drivers,
+Fuller, was lying on the ground, his head toward the enemy. A shell
+entered the crown of his head and exploded in his body! Not long after
+this I heard some one calling me, and, looking back, I saw 'Doc'
+Montgomery prostrate. I ran to him and, stooping at his side, began to
+examine his wound. 'There is nothing you can do for me,' he said; 'I am
+mortally wounded, and can live but a little while. Take a message for my
+mother.' (His mother was a widow.) 'When the battle is over, write and
+tell her how I died--at my post--like a man--and ready to give my life
+for the cause. Now, Frazer, pray for me.' When the brief prayer was
+ended I resumed my place at the gun. It was about this time, I think,
+that Pelham came up and said, 'Well, you men stand killing better than
+any I ever saw.' A little later, just after sunset, I received two
+severe wounds myself, one of them disabling my right arm for life; and
+so I had to commit brave 'Doc's' dying message for his mother to other
+hands."
+
+The third and fourth pieces, twenty-pound Parrott guns, were on the hill
+west of the railroad, and there Lieutenant Baxter McCorkle, Randolph
+Fairfax and Arthur Robinson were killed, and Edward Alexander lost an
+arm. This section of the battery was exposed to a fire unsurpassed in
+fierceness during the war. The ground, when it arrived, was already
+strewn with dead horses and wrecked batteries, and two horses that were
+standing, with holes in their heads through which daylight could be
+seen, were instantly killed by other shots intended for our guns.
+
+Captain Poague told me since, that the orders General Jackson gave him
+as he came to the place were, "to fire on the enemy's artillery till it
+became too hot for him, and then to turn his guns on their infantry,"
+and that he, Poague, had stated this in his official report, and the
+chief of artillery of the corps, before forwarding the report, had asked
+him if he was sure that these were General Jackson's orders. He told him
+he was. The report was then endorsed and so forwarded.
+
+The scene, as described at the close of this battle near nightfall, was
+a melancholy one. As the two sections of the battery, which had
+separated and gone to different portions of the field in the
+morning--the one to the heights, the other to the plain--met again, on
+the caissons of each were borne the dead bodies of those of their
+number who had fallen, the wounded, and the harness stripped from the
+dead horses. The few horses that had survived, though scarcely able to
+drag the now empty ammunition-chests, were thus again burdened.
+
+After going into bivouac and the dead had been buried, to clear the
+ground for a renewal of the battle on the following day, the
+wagon-horses had to be brought into requisition. These were driven in
+pairs to the position on the bluff and, as lights would attract the fire
+of the enemy, the dead horses had to be found in the darkness, and with
+chains dragged to the rear. The approach of the first instalment to a
+line of infantry, through which it had to pass and who were roused from
+sleep by the rattling of chains and the dragging of the ponderous bodies
+through brush and fallen timber, created no little excitement, and a
+wide berth was given the gruesome procession. By midnight the work had
+been accomplished.
+
+At dawn of the following day a fresh detachment of men and horses having
+been furnished by another battery for the fourth piece, our battery
+again went into position. There it remained inactive throughout the day,
+while the enemy's dead within our lines were being buried by their own
+men under flag of truce. On the night which followed, as the two armies
+lay under arms, confronting each other, a display of the aurora
+borealis, of surpassing splendor and beauty, was witnessed. At such
+times, from time immemorial, "shooting-stars", comets, and the
+movements of the heavenly bodies have been observed with profoundest
+interest as presaging good or evil. On this occasion, with the deep
+impress of what had just been experienced and the apprehension of an
+even more determined conflict on the day next to dawn, it can readily be
+imagined that minds naturally prone to superstition were thrilled with
+emotions and conjectures aroused by the sight. At any rate, these
+"northern lights," reinforced by the memory of the fearful carnage so
+recently suffered, seem to have been interpreted as a summons home--as
+the Northern hosts, like the shifting lights, had vanished from view
+when daylight appeared.
+
+In January, 1863, with William McClintic, of our company, I returned to
+the army, which was in winter-quarters near Guiney's Station in Caroline
+County.
+
+After arriving in a box-car at this station, about midnight, during a
+pouring rain, we found one section of the battery camped three miles
+from Port Royal. The other section, to which I belonged, was on picket
+twelve miles beyond--at Jack's Hill, overlooking Port Tobacco Bay. The
+section near Port Royal had comfortable winter-quarters on a hillside
+and was well sheltered in pine woods; and, as most of my mess were in
+this section, I was allowed to remain until the contents of my box
+brought from home were consumed. One night soon after my arrival, while
+making a visit to members of another mess, Abner Arnold, one of my
+hosts, pointing to a large, dark stain on the tarpaulin which served as
+the roof of their shanty, said, "Have you any idea what discolored that
+place?" As I had not, he said, "That's your blood; that is the
+caisson-cover on which you were hauled around at Sharpsburg--and neither
+rain nor snow can wash it out."
+
+The infantry of the Stonewall Brigade was in camp seven miles from us,
+toward the railroad. Having ridden there one morning for our mail, I met
+two men in one of their winter-quarters streets. One of them, wearing a
+citizen's overcoat, attracted my attention. Then, noticing the scars on
+his face, I recognized my former messmate, Wash. Stuart, on his return
+to the battery for the first time since his fearful wound at Winchester
+the preceding May. His companion was Capt. Willie Randolph, of the
+Second Virginia Regiment, both of whom will be mentioned later.
+
+The chief sport of the troops in their winter-quarters was snowballing,
+which was conducted on regular military principles. Two brigades would
+sometimes form in line of battle, commanded by their officers, and pelt
+each other without mercy. In one such engagement a whole brigade was
+driven pell-mell through its camp, and their cooking utensils captured
+by their opponents.
+
+Once a week quite regularly an old negro man came to our camp with a
+wagon-load of fine oysters from Tappahannock. It was interesting to see
+some of the men from our mountains, who had never seen the bivalve
+before, trying to eat them, and hear their comments. Our custom was to
+buy anything to eat that came along, and so they had invested their
+Confederate notes in oysters. One of them gave some of my messmates an
+account of the time his mess had had with their purchases. When it was
+proposed that they sell their supply to us, he said, "No, we are not
+afraid to tackle anything, and we've made up our minds to eat what we've
+got on hand, if it takes the hair off."
+
+While in this camp, although it was after a five-months' absence, I
+invariably waked about two minutes before my time to go on guard, having
+slept soundly during the rest of the four hours. One officer, always
+finding me awake, asked if I ever slept at all. The habit did not
+continue, and had not been experienced before. An instance of the
+opposite extreme I witnessed here in an effort to rouse Silvey, who was
+generally a driver. After getting him on his feet, he was shaken,
+pulled, and dragged around a blazing fire, almost scorching him, until
+the guard-officer had to give him up. If feigning, it was never
+discovered.
+
+The contents of my box having long since been consumed, I, with several
+others, was sent, under command of Lieut. Cole Davis, to my section at
+Jack's Hill. There we were quartered in some negro cabins on this bleak
+hill, over which the cold winds from Port Tobacco Bay had a fair sweep.
+On my return from the sentinel's beat one snowy night I discovered, by
+the dim firelight, eight or ten sheep in our cabin, sheltering from the
+storm. The temptation, with such an opportunity, to stir up a panic, was
+hard to resist. But, fearing the loss of an eye or other injury to the
+prostrate sleepers on the dirt floor, by the hoof of a bucking sheep, I
+concluded to forego the fun. After a stay of several weeks we were
+ordered back to the other section, much to our delight. In that barren
+region, with scant provender and protected from the weather by a roof of
+cedar-brush, our horses had fared badly, and showed no disposition to
+pull when hitched to the guns that were held tight in the frozen mud. To
+one of the drivers, very tall and long of limb, who was trying in vain
+with voice and spur to urge his team to do its best, our Irish wit, Tom
+Martin, called out, "Pull up your frog-legs, Tomlin, if you want to find
+the baste; your heels are just a-spurrin' one another a foot below his
+belly!"
+
+We were delighted to be again in our old quarters, where we were more in
+the world and guard duty lighter. Several times before leaving this camp
+our mess had visits from the two cousins, Lewis and William Randolph,
+the firstnamed a captain in the Irish Battalion, the second a captain in
+the Second Virginia Regiment, who stopped over-night with us, on
+scouting expeditions across the Rappahannock in the enemy's lines, where
+Willie Randolph had a sweetheart, whom he, soon after this, married.
+Lewis Randolph told us that he had killed a Federal soldier with a stone
+in the charge on the railroad-cut at second Manassas; that the man, who
+was about twenty steps from him, was recapping his gun, which had just
+missed fire while aimed at Randolph's orderly-sergeant, when he threw
+the stone. William Randolph said, "Yes, that's true; when we were
+provost-officers at Frederick, Maryland, a man was brought in under
+arrest and, looking at Lewis, said, 'I've seen you before. I saw you
+kill a Yankee at second Manassas with a stone,' and then related the
+circumstances exactly."
+
+William Randolph was six feet two inches in height, and said that he had
+often been asked how he escaped in battle, and his reply was, "By taking
+a judicious advantage of the shrubbery." This, however, did not continue
+to avail him, as he was afterward killed while in command of his
+regiment, being one of the six commanders which the Second Virginia
+Regiment lost--killed in battle--during the war.
+
+In March we moved from our winter-quarters to Hamilton's Crossing, three
+miles from Fredericksburg, where we remained in camp, with several
+interruptions, until May. Our fare here was greatly improved by the
+addition of fresh fish, so abundant at that season of the year in the
+Rappahannock and the adjacent creeks. In April the great cavalry battle
+at Kelly's Ford, forty miles above, was fought, in which the "Gallant
+Pelham" was killed.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XX
+
+SECOND BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG--CHANCELLORSVILLE--WOUNDING AND DEATH OF
+STONEWALL JACKSON
+
+
+The battle at Kelly's Ford was the forerunner of the crossing of
+Burnside's army to our side of the river, although this was delayed
+longer than was expected. In the latter part of April we were roused one
+morning before dawn to go into position on the fatal hill in the bend of
+the railroad. The various divisions of the army were already in motion
+from their winter-quarters, and, as they reached the neighborhood, were
+deployed in line of battle above and below.
+
+The high hills sloping toward the river on the enemy's side were manned
+with heavy siege-guns, from which shells were thrown at intervals as our
+troops came into view. Here we lay for a day or more, with guns
+unlimbered, awaiting the tedious disposition of the various divisions.
+The bluff on which our guns were posted, commanding, as it did, an
+extensive view of the country, attracted many of the officers, who had
+preceded their men, and, with field-glasses, scanned the surroundings. I
+saw at one time, within a few rods of where we stood, Generals Lee,
+Jackson, D. H. and A. P. Hill, Early, Rodes and Colston, besides a score
+of brigadiers. At this time the enemy were moving across their pontoon
+bridges and extending their skirmish-lines on the right and left.
+
+The only time I met General Jackson to speak to him since he had left
+Lexington was when he rode away from this group of officers. As I held
+aside the limb of a tree in his way, near our gun, he extended his hand
+and, as he gave me a hearty shake, said, "How do you do, Edward?" A
+short time after this, our battery had orders to fire a few rounds, as a
+sort of "feeler", and the enemy at once replied. The officers, not
+having been informed of the order, were for a time exposed to an
+unnecessary and what might have proved very serious danger. However,
+they withdrew before any damage was done, although a large piece of
+shell which flew past our gun gave General Colston a close call as he
+tarried near it. After threatening weather, the sun rose clear on the
+following morning. A light mist which lay along the river soon
+disappeared, and again, as at Harper's Ferry, our elevated position
+afforded a superb view. A level plain extended to the river in our front
+and for some miles to the right, and as far as Fredericksburg (two
+miles) to the left, and beyond the river the Stafford Heights.
+
+While we were standing admiring the scene, three horses without riders
+came dashing from within the Federal lines, and swept at full speed
+between the two armies. They ran as if on a regular race-track and
+conscious of the many spectators who cheered them to their best. Then,
+veering in their course from side to side, they finally shot through an
+opening made to receive them into our lines, which raised a "rebel
+yell," as if Jackson were passing by. One of these horses trotted into
+our battery and was caught and ridden by Sergeant Strickler, under the
+name of "Sedgwick," to the close of the war.
+
+Burnside's crossing the river at Fredericksburg was only a feint, as the
+mass of his army crossed near Chancellorsville, and thither our army
+went, leaving Early's division, two other brigades and several
+batteries, including ours, to oppose Sedgwick's corps. After three days
+here, with occasional artillery duels, Sedgwick recrossed the river, and
+Early, supposing he would join Hooker, set out with his command toward
+Chancellorsville. Before we had gone three miles I heard General
+Barksdale, as he rode along the column, ask for General Early, who was a
+short distance ahead, and announce, "My young men have told me that the
+Federals are recrossing the river." A few moments later, as the two rode
+back together, General Early said, "If that is the case, I must go back
+or they will get my wagon-train."
+
+We at once countermarched, and by eleven o'clock were back in position
+on the same bluff. The fourth detachment was in front and failed to get
+the order to countermarch, and so kept on almost to Chancellorsville,
+and did not rejoin us until eight o'clock the next morning (Sunday),
+having spent the whole night marching.
+
+I will mention here a striking instance of what I suppose could be
+called the "irony of fate." My bedfellow, Stuart, as already stated, had
+been fearfully wounded at Winchester, his first battle. After his return
+many months later he often expressed the greatest desire to pass through
+one battle unhurt, and regarded his companions who had done so as
+fortunate heroes. It was now Sunday morning and there had been heavy
+firing for an hour or two about Fredericksburg, and thither the third
+and fourth pieces were ordered. As they were starting off, I saw Stuart
+bidding good-by to several friends, and I, not wishing to undergo a
+thing so suggestive, was quietly moving off. But he called out, "Where
+is my partner?" and came to me, looking so jaded after his long
+nightmarch that his farewell made me rather serious. In half an hour he
+was dead. As he was going with his gun into position a case-shot
+exploded close to him and three balls passed through his body, any one
+of which would have been fatal.
+
+Two other members of the battery, Henry Foutz and J. S. Agnor, were also
+killed in this engagement. The position was a trying one. Two batteries
+had already suffered severely while occupying it, and the cannoneers of
+a third battery were lying inactive by their guns as ours came into it.
+But in less than an hour thereafter the enemy's guns were outmatched;
+at any rate, ceased firing. General Hoke, who had witnessed the whole
+affair, came and asked Major Latimer to introduce him to Captain Graham,
+saying he wanted to know the man whose guns could do such execution.
+About noon my section joined the others a short distance in rear of this
+place on the hills overlooking Fredericksburg.
+
+Soon after we had gotten together, the bodies of our dead comrades were
+brought from the places at which they had fallen, and William Bolling,
+Berkeley Minor and myself, messmates of Stuart, were detailed to bury
+him. His body was taken in our battery ambulance, which we accompanied,
+to the Marye family cemetery near our old camp, and permission gotten to
+bury it there. If I was ever utterly miserable, it was on this Sunday
+afternoon as we stood, after we had dug the grave, in this quiet place,
+surrounded by a dense hedge of cedar, the ground and tombstones
+overgrown with moss and ivy, and a stillness as deep as if no war
+existed. Just at this time there came timidly through the hedge, like an
+apparition, the figure of a woman. She proved to be Mrs. Marye; and,
+during the battle, which had now continued four days, she had been
+seeking shelter from the enemy's shells in the cellar of her house. She
+had come to get a lock of Stuart's hair for his mother, and her
+presence, now added to that of our ambulance driver, as Minor read the
+Episcopal burial service, made the occasion painfully solemn. In less
+than an hour we were again with the battery and in line of battle with
+the whole of our battalion, twenty guns, all of which opened
+simultaneously on what appeared to be a column of artillery moving
+through the woods in our front. However, it proved to be a train of
+wagons, some of which were overturned and secured by us the next day.
+
+Here we lay during the night with guns unlimbered near Gen. "Extra
+Billy" Smith's brigade of infantry. Next afternoon we had a fine view of
+a charge by Early's division, with Brigadier-Generals Gordon and Hoke
+riding to and fro along their lines and the division driving the
+Federals from their position along the crest of the hill. The greater
+portion of the enemy's killed and wounded were left in our hands. Many
+of the latter with whom we talked were heartily sick of the war and
+longed for the expiration of their term of service. This series of
+battles, continuing, as it did, at intervals for a week, was not yet
+done with.
+
+After dark our battery was ordered to move down toward Fredericksburg
+and occupy some earthworks just outside of the town. We had been well in
+range of the siege-guns already, but now the only hope was that they
+would overshoot us. As I was on guard that night I had ample time, while
+pacing the breastworks, for cogitation. I heard distinctly the barking
+of the dogs and the clocks striking the hours during the night. When
+morning came, a dense fog had settled along the river, entirely
+concealing us, and while it hung we were ordered to pull out quietly.
+
+Two hundred yards back from this place we came into clear sunlight and,
+as we turned, saw an immense balloon poised on the surface of the mist,
+and apparently near enough to have pierced it with a shell. Not a shot
+was fired at us--veiled, as we were, by the mist--until we had gotten
+still farther away, but then some enormous projectiles landed around us.
+
+A question that would naturally present itself to one who had heard of
+the repeated victories won by the Confederate army would be, "Why were
+no decisive results?" By carefully studying the history of the war, the
+inquirer could not fail to notice that at every crisis either some
+flagrant failure on the part of a subordinate to execute the duty
+assigned to him occurred, or that some untoward accident befell the
+Confederate arms. Conspicuous among the latter was Jackson's fall at
+Chancellorsville.
+
+That General Hooker seemed entirely ignorant of the proximity of General
+Lee's army was disclosed by the discovery, by General Fitz Lee, that the
+right flank of the Federal army was totally unguarded.
+
+General Jackson, when informed of this, proceeded by a rapid march to
+throw his corps well to the right and rear of this exposed wing, and by
+this unexpected onset threw that portion of Hooker's army into the
+utmost confusion and disorder. Falling night for a time checked his
+advance, but, while making dispositions to push the advantage gained,
+so as to envelope his adversary, he passed, with his staff, outside of
+his picket line, and when returning to re-enter was mortally wounded by
+his own men.
+
+This May 4 closed the great effort of General Hooker, with 132,000 men,
+to "crush" General Lee's army of 47,000. The two last of the six days of
+his experience in the effort probably made him thankful that the loss of
+20,000 of his force had been no greater.
+
+The mortal wounding of Jackson and his death on the tenth more than
+offset the advantage of the victory to the Confederates. His loss was
+deplored by the whole army, especially by General Lee, and to his
+absence in later battles, conspicuously at Gettysburg, was our failure
+to succeed attributed. In fact General Lee said to a friend, after the
+war, that with Jackson at Gettysburg our success would have been
+assured--a feeling that was entertained throughout the army.
+
+On the evening of the fifth, rain, which seemed invariably to follow a
+great battle, fell in torrents and we went into camp drenched to the
+skin. After drying by a fire, I went to bed and slept for eighteen
+hours. Being in our old position on the hill, we converted it into a
+camp and there remained.
+
+On that portion of the great plain which extended along the railroad on
+our right we witnessed a grand review of Jackson's old corps, now
+commanded by General Ewell. The three divisions, commanded,
+respectively, by Generals Ed. Johnson, Rodes and Early, were drawn up
+one behind the other, with a space of seventy-five yards between, and
+General Lee, mounted on "Traveler" and attended by a full staff and
+numerous generals, at a sweeping gallop, made first a circuit of the
+entire corps, then in front and rear of each division. One by one his
+attendants dropped out of the cavalcade. Gen. Ed. Johnson escaped a fall
+from his horse by being caught by one of his staff. Early soon pulled
+out, followed at intervals by others; but the tireless gray, as with
+superb ease and even strides he swept back and forth, making the turns
+as his rider's body inclined to right or left, absorbed attention. The
+distance covered was nine miles, at the end of which General Lee drew
+rein with only one of his staff and Gen. A. P. Hill at his side. Such
+spectacles were to us extremely rare, and this one was especially well
+timed, affording the troops, as it did, an opportunity to see that they
+were still formidable in number, and although Jackson was dead that the
+soul of the army had not passed away.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXI
+
+OPENING OF CAMPAIGN OF 1863--CROSSING TO THE VALLEY--BATTLE AT
+WINCHESTER WITH MILROY--CROSSING THE POTOMAC
+
+
+The indications of another campaign were now not wanting, but what shape
+it would take caused curious speculation; that is, among those whose
+duty was only to execute. Longstreet had been recalled from the Virginia
+Peninsula; Hooker's hosts again lined the Stafford Heights across the
+Rappahannock. At evening we listened to the music of their bands, at
+night could see the glow of their camp-fires for miles around. On June
+2, Ewell's corps first broke camp, followed in a day or two by
+Longstreet's, while A. P. Hill's remained at Fredericksburg to observe
+the movements of Hooker. On the eighth we reached Culpeper, where we
+remained during the ninth, awaiting the result of the greatest and most
+stubbornly contested cavalry engagement of the war, which continued
+throughout the day in our hearing--at Brandy Station. The Federals
+having been driven across the river, our march was resumed on the tenth.
+
+On the following day we heard, at first indistinctly, toward the front
+of the column continued cheering. Following on, it grew louder and
+louder. We reached the foot of a long ascent, from the summit of which
+the shout went up, but were at a loss to know what called it forth.
+Arriving there, there loomed up before us the old Blue Ridge, and we,
+too, joined in the chorus. Moving on with renewed life, the continued
+greeting of those following was heard as eye after eye took in its
+familiar face. We had thought that the love for these old mountains was
+peculiar to us who had grown up among them; but the cheer of the Creoles
+who had been with us under Jackson was as hearty as our own.
+
+We passed through Little Washington, thence by Chester Gap to Front
+Royal, the first of our old battlegrounds in the Valley, having left
+Longstreet's and Hill's corps on the east side of the mountain. At
+Winchester, as usual, was a force of the enemy under our former
+acquaintance, General Milroy. Without interruption we were soon in his
+vicinity. Nearly two days were consumed in feeling his strength and
+position. Our battery was posted on a commanding hill north of the town,
+the top of which was already furrowed with solid shot and shells to
+familiarize the enemy with its range. Our battery now consisted of two
+twenty-pound Parrott, and two brand-new English Blakeley guns, to one of
+which I belonged. And a singular coincidence it was that in putting in
+the first charge my gun was choked, the same thing having occurred on
+the same field a year before, being the only times it happened during
+the war. I went immediately to the third piece and took the place of No.
+1.
+
+[Illustration: B. C. M. Friend]
+
+The battle had now begun, the enemy firing at us from a strongly
+fortified fort near the town. Their target practice was no criterion of
+their shooting when being shot at, as not one of us was even wounded.
+While the battle was in progress we had a repetition of the race at
+Fredericksburg when there dashed from the Federal fort three artillery
+horses, which came at full speed over the mile between us, appearing and
+disappearing from view. On reaching the battery they were caught, and
+one of them, which we named "Milroy," was driven by James Lewis at the
+wheel of my gun, and restored with "Sedgwick" to his old associates at
+Appomattox.
+
+Night put a stop to hostilities, and the next day, until late in the
+afternoon, we passed inactively. Then Hayes's Louisiana Brigade,
+formerly commanded by Gen. Dick Taylor, formed in our front and,
+charging with the old yell, captured the fort. After night I found two
+members of our company in possession of a little mule, equipped with
+saddle and bridle, supposed to be a United States animal. They said they
+were afraid of mules, and turned him over to me. I forthwith mounted,
+and passed an hour pleasantly, riding around. As I once heard a little
+negro say, "I went everywhar I knowed, an' everywhar I didn't know I
+come back." I felt now that I had a mount for the campaign, but next
+morning one of the Richmond Howitzers claimed the mule and identified it
+as his.
+
+The bulk of Milroy's force escaped during the night, but we captured
+four thousand prisoners, twenty-eight pieces of artillery, and hundreds
+of wagons and horses, and equipped ourselves, as we had done in 1862, at
+the expense of Banks. For our two recently acquired English Blakeley
+guns we substituted two twenty-pound Parrotts, giving us four guns of
+the same caliber. On the thirteenth we crossed the Potomac at
+Shepherdstown, thence by way of Hagerstown, Maryland, to Greencastle,
+Pennsylvania, the first live Yankee town we had visited in war times.
+Many of the stores were open and full of goods, but as they refused to
+take Confederate money, and we were forbidden to plunder, we passed on,
+feeling aggrieved, and went into camp a few miles beyond.
+
+Having a curiosity to test the resources and hospitality of this
+abundant country, I set out from camp, with two companions, for this
+purpose. A walk of a mile brought us to the house of a widow with three
+pretty daughters. They told us they had been feeding many of our
+soldiers and could give us only some milk, which they served, as seemed
+to be the custom of the country, in large bowls. They said they did not
+dislike rebels, and if we would go on to Washington and kill Lincoln,
+and end the war, they would rejoice. Proceeding farther, we stopped at
+a substantial brick house and were silently ushered into a large room,
+in the far end of which sat the head of the house, in clean white
+shirt-sleeves but otherwise dressed for company, his hat on and his feet
+as high as his head against the wall, smoking a cigar. At the other end
+of the room the rest of the family were at supper, of which we were
+perfunctorily asked by the mistress to partake. A very aged lady, at a
+corner of the table, without speaking or raising her eyes, chewed
+apparently the same mouthful during our stay--one of our party
+suggested, "perhaps her tongue." The table was thickly covered with
+saucers of preserves, pickles, radishes, onions, cheese, etc. The man of
+the house did not turn his head nor speak a word during our stay, which
+was naturally over with the meal.
+
+We returned to the battalion about sunset, encamped in a clean, grassy
+enclosure, the horses enjoying their bountiful food, the men in gay
+spirits, and the regimental bands playing lively airs. Shortly after our
+return, there occurred an incident which lent additional interest to the
+occasion.
+
+No one at all familiar with the Rockbridge Artillery will fail to
+remember Merrick. A lawyer and native of Hagerstown, Maryland, having
+been educated abroad, he was an accomplished scholar and a fine
+musician, with a stock of Irish and other songs which he sang admirably.
+In person he was very slender, over six feet in height, with a long
+neck, prominent nose, and very thin hair and whiskers. Cut off from
+home and being utterly improvident, he was entirely dependent on
+quartermaster's goods for his apparel, and when clothing was issued his
+forlorn and ragged appearance hushed every claim by others who might
+have had precedence. This Confederate clothing, like the rations, was
+very short, so that Merrick's pantaloons and jacket failed to meet, by
+several inches, the intervening space showing a very soiled cotton
+shirt. With the garments mentioned--a gray cap, rusty shoes and socks,
+and, in winter, half the tail of his overcoat burnt off--his costume is
+described.
+
+Indifference to his appearance extended also to danger, and when a
+battle was on hand so was Merrick. Before crossing the Potomac he
+disappeared from the command a perfect-looking vagabond, and now as we
+were reveling in this bountiful country there rolled into our midst a
+handsome equipage drawn by two stylish horses. When the door was opened
+out stepped Merrick, handsomely dressed in citizen's clothes, and handed
+out two distinguished-looking gentlemen, to whom he introduced us. Then,
+in the language of Dick Swiveler, "he passed around the rosy"; and all
+taking a pull, our enthusiasm for Merrick mounted high.
+
+Our march under Ewell had been admirably conducted. We were always on
+the road at an early hour, and, without hurry or the usual halts caused
+by troops crowding on one another, we made good distances each day and
+were in camp by sunset. I never before or afterward saw the men so
+buoyant. There was no demonstration, but a quiet undercurrent of
+confidence that they were there to conquer. The horses, too, invigorated
+by abundant food, carried higher heads and pulled with firmer tread.
+
+Our march from Greencastle was through Chambersburg and Shippensburg,
+and when within eight or ten miles of Carlisle we passed through one or
+two hundred Pennsylvania militia in new Federal uniforms, who had just
+been captured and paroled. Before reaching Carlisle we very unexpectedly
+(to us) countermarched, and found the militiamen at the same place, but
+almost all of them barefooted, their shoes and stockings having been
+appropriated by needy rebels. As we first saw them they were greatly
+crestfallen, but after losing their footgear all spirit seemed to have
+gone out of them. They lingered, it may be, in anticipation of the
+greetings when met by wives and little ones at home, after having
+sallied forth so valiantly in their defense. How embarrassing bare feet
+would be instead of the expected trophies of war! Imagine a young
+fellow, too, meeting his sweetheart! That they kept each other company
+to the last moment, managed to reach home after night, and ate between
+meals for some days, we may be sure.
+
+Before reaching Chambersburg we took a road to the left, in the
+direction of Gettysburg. To give an idea of the change in our diet since
+leaving Dixie, I give the bill-of-fare of a breakfast my mess enjoyed
+while on this road: Real coffee and sugar, light bread, biscuits with
+lard in them, butter, apple-butter, a fine dish of fried chicken, and a
+quarter of roast lamb!
+
+On the morning of July 1 we passed through a division of Longstreet's
+corps bivouacked in a piece of woods. Our road lay across a high range
+of hills, from beyond which the sound of cannonading greeted us. By
+three o'clock that afternoon, when we reached the summit of the hills,
+the firing ahead had developed into the roar of a battle, and we pushed
+forward on the down-grade. The valley below, through which we passed,
+was thickly settled, and soon we began to meet prisoners and our
+wounded, whose numbers rapidly increased as we advanced, and at the same
+pump by the roadside we frequently saw a group of Federal and
+Confederate soldiers having their wounds bathed and dressed by Northern
+women, kind alike to friend and foe. When we reached the field, about
+sundown, the battle was over. This was July 1 and the first of the three
+days of terrific fighting which constituted the battle of Gettysburg.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXII
+
+ON THE WAY TO GETTYSBURG--BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG--RETREAT
+
+
+Before proceeding farther let us consider briefly the condition of the
+two armies, and which had the better grounds to hope for success in the
+great conflict now impending. With the exception of one--Sharpsburg--which
+was a drawn battle, the Confederates had been victorious in every general
+engagement up to this time. Scant rations, deprivation, and hardships of
+every kind had made them tired of the war; and the recent abundance had
+not only put them in better fighting condition than ever before, but made
+them long to enjoy it permanently at home.
+
+The Federal army had changed commanders after every defeat, and the
+present one--General Meade--who had just been appointed, was not an
+officer to inspire special confidence. With all this in favor of the
+Southerners, all else seemed to conspire against them. On the morning of
+June 30, the day before the battle, Pickett's division was at
+Chambersburg, thirty miles from Gettysburg; Hood's and McLaw's (the
+other two divisions of Longstreet's corps) fifteen miles nearer
+Gettysburg; Hill's corps at Cashtown, nine miles from Gettysburg;
+Rodes's division of Ewell's corps at Carlisle, thirty miles distant;
+Johnson's at Greenville, and Early's near York. General Early levied for
+and obtained from the city of York several thousand pairs of shoes and
+socks and a less number of hats for his men, and $26,000 in money.
+
+The different portions of the Federal army at this time were spread out
+over a large area, south and east of Gettysburg. To the absence of our
+cavalry, whose whereabouts since crossing the Potomac had not even been
+known by General Lee, was due the ignorance as to the location of the
+Federals, causing loss of time and the employment of other troops to do
+what the cavalry should have done. It is generally conceded that until
+they found themselves face to face the commander of neither army
+expected or desired this locality to be the battleground. And when we
+consider the fact that armies have been known to maneuver for weeks for
+a vantage ground on which to give battle, we can realize the importance
+of this seeming accident, which sealed the doom of the Confederacy. For
+if the whole State of Pennsylvania had been gone over, it is probable
+that no other place could have been found which afforded such advantages
+as did this to the Northern army.
+
+Early's division had passed it several days before on his way to York,
+and Pettigrew's brigade of Hill's corps on July 1, while approaching in
+search of shoes for his men, encountered Buford's Federal cavalry,
+precipitating the first day's conflict, in which Hill's corps, Rodes's
+and Early's divisions captured 5,000 prisoners and drove the Federals
+through the town to the heights beyond. Our battalion of artillery, soon
+after dark, passed southward through the outskirts of the town with
+Early's division and bivouacked for the night. By dawn of the following
+day (July 2) sufficient of the Federal army had arrived to occupy and
+fortify the heights. From where our battery was posted, a mile east of
+the town, we had in full view the end of Cemetery Hill, with an arched
+gateway for an entrance. To the left of it and joined by a depressed
+ridge was Culp's Hill, steep and rugged as a mountain, all now held and
+fortified by the enemy. Jackson's old division, now commanded by Gen.
+Ed. Johnson, having arrived late in the night, formed at the base of
+Culp's Hill, and before an hour of daylight had elapsed had stirred up a
+hornets' nest in their front.
+
+I must mention an incident that occurred during this forenoon quite
+interesting to myself. As we were standing by our guns, not yet having
+fired a shot, General Ewell and his staff came riding by, and
+Lieut.-Col. Sandy Pendleton, his adjutant, rode out from among them and
+handed me two letters. To receive two letters in the army at any time
+was an event, but here, away in the enemy's country, in the face of
+their frowning guns, for them to have come so far and then be delivered
+at the hands of the General and his staff was quite something. One of
+the letters I recognized as being from my mother, the other aroused my
+curiosity. The envelope, directed in a feminine hand, was very neat, but
+the end had been burned off and the contents were held in place by a
+narrow red ribbon daintily tied. In so conspicuous a place, with a
+battle on, I could not trust myself to open my treasures. It was near
+night before a suitable time came, and my billet-doux contained the
+following:
+
+   _You are cordially invited to be present at the Commencement
+   Exercises of the ----Female Seminary, on the evening of July 3d,
+   1863, at eight o'clock_ P. M. _Compliments of Gertrude ----._
+
+My feelings were inexpressible. How I longed to be there! To think of
+such a place of quiet and peace as compared with my surroundings on this
+bloody battlefield!
+
+But to return to the serious features of the day. With the exception of
+the steady musketry firing by Johnson's men on Culp's Hill, the day
+passed quietly until nearly four o'clock. At this time Andrews's
+battalion of artillery, led by Major Latimer, passed in front of us and
+went into position two hundred yards to our left, and nearer the enemy.
+The ground sloped so as to give us a perfect view of his four
+batteries. Promptly other batteries joined those confronting us on
+Cemetery Hill, and by the time Latimer's guns were unlimbered the guns
+on both sides were thundering.
+
+In less than five minutes one of Latimer's caissons was exploded, which
+called forth a lusty cheer from the enemy. In five minutes more a
+Federal caisson was blown up, which brought forth a louder cheer from
+us. In this action Latimer's batteries suffered fearfully, the Alleghany
+Roughs alone losing twenty-seven men killed and wounded. Only one or two
+were wounded in our battery, the proximity of Latimer's guns drawing the
+fire to them. Near the close of the engagement, Latimer, who was a
+graduate of the Virginia Military Institute, a mere youth in appearance,
+was killed.
+
+The artillery contest was a small part of the afternoon's work. One of
+Johnson's brigades, after capturing breastworks and prisoners on Culp's
+Hill, pushed nearly to General Meade's headquarters. Rodes, usually so
+prompt, was occupying the town and failed to attack till late, and then
+with but two of his four brigades; but they charged over three lines of
+breastworks and captured several pieces of artillery, which had to be
+abandoned for want of support. Sickles's corps, having occupied the two
+"Round Tops" on the extreme left of the Federal line, advanced on
+Longstreet, and at four P. M. the two lines met in the celebrated "Peach
+Orchard," and from that time until night fought furiously, the Federals
+being driven back to their original ground.
+
+At the close of the second day the Confederates had gained ground on the
+right and left, and captured some artillery, but still nothing decisive.
+Another night passed, and the third and last day dawned on two anxious
+armies. Pickett, after a mysterious delay of twenty-four hours, arrived
+during the forenoon and became the left of Longstreet's corps. At twelve
+o'clock word was passed along our lines that when two signal-guns were
+heard, followed by heavy firing, to open vigorously with our guns. There
+was no mistaking when that time came, and we joined with the three
+hundred guns that made the firing. For an hour or more a crash and roar
+of artillery continued that rolled and reverberated above, and made the
+earth under us tremble. When it began there was great commotion among
+the enemy's batteries in our front, some of which limbered up and
+galloped along the crest of Cemetery Hill, but soon returned and renewed
+their fire on us.
+
+So far they had failed to do our battery any serious harm, but now each
+volley of their shells came closer and closer. At this time my attention
+was attracted to the second piece, a few paces to our left, and I saw a
+shell plow into the ground under Lieutenant Brown's feet and explode. It
+tore a large hole, into which Brown sank, enveloped as he fell in smoke
+and dust. In an instant another shell burst at the trail of my gun,
+tearing the front half of Tom Williamson's shoe off, and wounding him
+sorely. A piece of it also broke James Ford's leg, besides cutting off
+the fore leg of Captain Graham's horse. Ford was holding the lead-horses
+of the limber, and, as they wheeled to run, their bridles were seized by
+Rader, a shell struck the horse nearest to him, and, exploding at the
+instant, killed all four of the lead-horses and stunned Rader. These
+same horses and this driver had very nearly a similar experience (though
+not so fatal) at Sharpsburg a year before, as already described. Sam
+Wilson, another member of our detachment, was also painfully wounded and
+knocked down by the same shell.
+
+This artillery bombardment was the prelude to Pickett's charge, which
+took place on the opposite side of Cemetery Hill, and out of our view.
+Culp's Hill, since the early morning previous, had been enveloped in a
+veil of smoke from Johnson's muskets, which had scarcely had time to
+cool during the thirty-six hours.
+
+The men of the Fourth Virginia Regiment had been gradually and steadily
+advancing from boulder to boulder, until they were almost under the
+enemy's fortifications along the crest of the ridge. To proceed farther
+was physically impossible, to retreat was almost certain death. So, of
+the College company alone, one of whom had already been killed and many
+wounded, sixteen, including Captain Strickler, were captured. To John
+McKee, of this company, a stalwart Irish Federal said as he reached out
+to pull him up over the breastworks, "Gim-me your hand, Johnny Reb;
+you've give' us the bulliest fight of the war!"
+
+Lieutenant "Cush" Jones determined to run the gauntlet for escape, and
+as he darted away the point of his scabbard struck a stone, and throwing
+it inverted above his head, lost out his handsome sword. Three bullets
+passed through his clothing in his flight, and the boulder behind which
+he next took refuge was peppered by others. Here, also, my former
+messmate, George Bedinger, now captain of a company in the Thirty-third
+Virginia Regiment, was killed, leading his "Greeks," as he called his
+men.
+
+About nine o'clock that evening, and before we had moved from our
+position, I received a message, through Captain Graham, from some of the
+wounded of our company, to go to them at their field-hospital. Following
+the messenger, I found them in charge of our surgeon, Dr. Herndon,
+occupying a neat brick cottage a mile in the rear, from which the owners
+had fled, leaving a well-stocked larder, and from it we refreshed
+ourselves most gratefully. Toward midnight orders came to move. The
+ambulances were driven to the door and, after the wounded, some eight or
+ten in number, had been assisted into them, I added from the stores in
+the house a bucket of lard, a crock of butter, a jar of apple-butter, a
+ham, a middling of bacon, and a side of sole-leather. All for the
+wounded!
+
+Feeling assured that we would not tarry much longer in Pennsylvania, and
+expecting to reach the battery before my services would be needed, I
+set out with the ambulances. We moved on until daylight and joined the
+wounded of the other batteries of our battalion, and soon after left, at
+a house by the wayside, a member of the Richmond Howitzers who was
+dying. Our course was along a by-road in the direction of Hagerstown. In
+the afternoon, after joining the wagon-train, I found "Joe," the colored
+cook of my mess, in possession of a supernumerary battery-horse, which I
+appropriated and mounted. Our column now consisted of ambulances loaded
+with wounded men, wounded men on foot, cows, bulls, quartermasters,
+portable forges, surgeons, cooks, and camp-followers in general, all
+plodding gloomily along through the falling rain.
+
+We arrived at the base of the mountain about five P. M. and began
+ascending by a narrow road, leading obliquely to the left. Before
+proceeding farther some description of the horse I was riding is
+appropriate, as he proved an important factor in my experiences before
+the night was over. He was the tallest horse I ever saw outside of a
+show, with a very short back and exceedingly long legs, which he handled
+peculiarly, going several gaits at one time. Many a cannoneer had sought
+rest on his back on the march, but none had ventured on so high a perch
+when going into battle. When half-way up the mountain we heard to our
+left oblique the distant mutter of a cannon, then in a few moments the
+sound was repeated, but we thought it was safely out of our course and
+felt correspondingly comfortable. At intervals the report of that gun
+was heard again and again. About dusk we reached the top of the
+mountain, after many, many halts, and the sound of that cannon became
+more emphatic.
+
+After descending a few hundred yards there came from a bridle-path on
+our left, just as I passed it, three cavalry horses with empty saddles.
+This was rather ominous. The halts in the mixed column were now
+frequent, darkness having set in, and we had but little to say. That
+cannon had moved more to our front, and our road bore still more to
+where it was thundering. We were now almost at the foot of the mountain,
+and to the left, nearer our front, were scattering musket-shots. Our
+halts were still short and frequent, and in the deep shadow of the
+mountain it was pitch-dark. All of this time I had not a particle of
+confidence in my horse. I could not tell what was before me in the dense
+darkness, whether friend or foe, but suddenly, after pausing an instant,
+he dashed forward. For fifty or seventy-five yards every other sound was
+drowned by a roaring waterfall on my right; then, emerging from its
+noise, I was carried at a fearful rate close by dismounted men who were
+firing from behind trees along the roadside, the flashes of their guns,
+"whose speedy gleams the darkness swallowed," revealing me on my tall
+horse with his head up. He must see safety ahead, and I let him fly.
+
+A hundred yards farther on our road joined the main pike at an acute
+angle, and entering it he swept on. Then, just behind me, a Federal
+cannon was discharged. The charge of canister tore through the brush on
+either side, and over and under me, and at the same instant my steed's
+hind leg gave way, and my heart sank with it. If struck at all, he
+immediately rallied and outran himself as well as his competitors. After
+getting out of the range of the firing and the shadow of the mountain, I
+saw indistinctly our cavalrymen along the side of the road, and we
+bantered each other as I passed.
+
+Farther on, at a toll-gate, I heard the voice of Tom Williamson. His
+ambulance had broken down and he was being assisted toward the house. I
+drew rein, but thought, "How can I help him? This horse must be
+well-nigh done for," and rode on. Since reaching the foot of the
+mountain the way had been open and everything on it moving for life. But
+again the road was full, and approaching clatter, with the sharp reports
+of pistols, brought on another rush, and away we went--wagons, wounded
+men, negroes, forges, ambulances, cavalry--everything.
+
+This in time subsided and, feeling ashamed, I turned back to look after
+my wounded, my horse as reluctant as myself, and expecting every moment
+the sound of the coming foe. A sudden snort and the timid step of my
+nervous steed warned me of breakers ahead. Peering through the darkness
+I saw coming toward me, noiseless and swift as the wind, an object
+white as the driven snow. "What," I asked myself, "are ghosts abroad,
+and in such a place? Is Gettysburg giving up her dead so soon?" But, as
+the thing met me, a voice cried out, "Is that you, Ned? Is that you?
+Take me on your horse. Let me get in the saddle and you behind." For a
+moment I was dumb, and wished it wasn't I. The voice was the voice of
+Lieutenant Brown, the same whom I had seen undermined by the shell at
+Gettysburg, and who had not put a foot to the ground until now.
+Barefooted, bareheaded; nothing on but drawers and shirt--white as a
+shroud! The prospect that now confronted me instantly flashed through my
+mind. First, "Can this horse carry two?" Then I pictured myself with
+such a looking object in my embrace, and with nothing with which to
+conceal him. There were settlements ahead, daylight was approaching, and
+what a figure we would cut! It was too much for me, and I said, "No, get
+on behind," feeling that the specter might retard the pursuing foe. But
+my tall horse solved the difficulty. Withdrawing my foot from the
+stirrup, Brown would put his in and try to climb up, when suddenly the
+horse would "swap ends," and down he'd go. Again he would try and almost
+make it, and the horse not wheeling quickly enough I would give him the
+hint with my "off" heel. My relief can be imagined when an ambulance
+arrived and took Brown in. I accompanied him for a short distance, then
+quickened my pace and overtook the train. Presently another clatter
+behind and the popping of pistols. Riding at my side was a horseman,
+and by the flash of his pistol I saw it pointing to the ground at our
+horses' feet.
+
+Reaching the foot of a hill, my horse stumbled and fell as if to rise no
+more. I expected to be instantly trampled out of sight. I heard a groan,
+but not where the horse's head should have been. Resting my feet on the
+ground, thus relieving him of my weight, he got his head from under him
+and floundered forward, then to his feet and away. Farther on, a swift
+horse without a rider was dashing by me. I seized what I supposed to be
+his bridle-rein, but it proved to be the strap on the saddle-bow, and
+the pull I gave came near unhorsing me.
+
+The pursuit continued no farther. Not having slept for two days and
+nights, I could not keep awake, and my game old horse, now wearied out,
+would stagger heedlessly against the wheels of moving wagons. Just at
+dawn of day, in company with a few horsemen of our battalion, I rode
+through the quiet streets of Hagerstown, thence seven miles to
+Williamsport.
+
+The wounded of our battalion had all been captured. A few, however, were
+not carried off, but left until our army came up. Some of the cooks,
+etc., escaped by dodging into the brush, but many a good horse and rider
+had been run down and taken. At Williamsport I exchanged horses with an
+infantryman while he was lying asleep on a porch, and had completed the
+transaction before he was sufficiently awake to remonstrate.
+
+We were now entirely cut off from our army, and with what of the wagons,
+etc., that remained were at the mercy of the enemy, as the Potomac was
+swollen to a depth of twenty feet where I had waded a year before. Most
+of the horses had to be _swum over_, as there was little room in the
+ferry-boats for them. The river was so high that this was very
+dangerous, and only expert swimmers dared to undertake it. Twenty
+dollars was paid for swimming a horse over, and I saw numbers swept down
+by the current and landed hundreds of yards below, many on the side from
+which they had started. I crossed in a ferry-boat on my recently
+acquired horse, having left my faithful old charger, his head encased in
+mud to the tips of his ears, with mingled feelings of sadness and
+gratitude.
+
+A great curiosity to understand this battle and battlefield induced me
+to visit it at the first opportunity, and in 1887, twenty-four years
+after it was fought, I, with Colonel Poague, gladly accepted an
+invitation from the survivors of Pickett's division to go with them to
+Gettysburg, whither they had been invited to meet the Philadelphia
+Brigade, as their guests, and go over the battlefield together. After
+our arrival there, in company with two officers of the Philadelphia
+Brigade, one of Pickett's men and an intelligent guide, I drove over the
+field. As a part of our entertainment we saw the Pickett men formed on
+the same ground and in the same order in which they had advanced to the
+charge. Farther on we saw the superb monuments, marking the location
+of the different Federal regiments, presenting the appearance of a vast
+cemetery. The position held by the Federals for defense was perfect. Its
+extent required the whole of the Confederate army present to occupy the
+one line they first adopted, with no troops to spare for flanking. Its
+shape, somewhat like a fish-hook, enabled the Federal army to reinforce
+promptly any part that was even threatened. Its terrain was such that
+the only ground sufficiently smooth for an enemy to advance on, that in
+front of its center, was exposed throughout, not only to missiles from
+its front, but could be raked from the heights on its left. And, in
+addition to all this, the whole face of the country, when the battle was
+fought, was closely intersected with post and rail and stone fences.
+
+[Illustration: EDWARD A. MOORE
+
+(February, 1907)]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIII
+
+AT "THE BOWER"--RETURN TO ORANGE COUNTY, VIRGINIA--BLUE RUN
+CHURCH--BRISTOW STATION--RAPPAHANNOCK BRIDGE--SUPPLEMENTING CAMP RATIONS
+
+
+To return to my retreat from Gettysburg. The clothes that I wore were
+all that I now possessed. My blanket, extra wearing apparel, lard,
+apple-butter, sole-leather, etc., with the wounded, were in the hands of
+the Federals. Being completely cut off from our army, I set out for
+Winchester. Near Martinsburg I passed the night sleeping on the
+ground--my first sleep in sixty hours--and reached Winchester the
+following day. In a day or two, thinking our army had probably reached
+the Potomac, I turned back to join it. On my way thither I called at
+"The Bower," the home of my messmate, Steve Dandridge. This was a
+favorite resort of Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, where, accompanied by the
+celebrated banjoist, Joe Sweeny, merry nights were passed with song and
+dance. I was overwhelmed with kindness by Mr. and Mrs. Dandridge, their
+daughters and nieces. They would not hear of my leaving; at any rate,
+until they had time to make me some undergarments. In the afternoon I
+accompanied the young ladies to the fields blackberrying, and had some
+jolly laughs. They felt that a Confederate soldier should be treated
+like a king, that he must be worn out with marching and fighting. They
+insisted on my sitting in the shade while they gathered and brought me
+the choicest berries, and actually wanted to let the fences down, to
+save me the effort of climbing. At that time I weighed one hundred and
+ninety pounds, was in vigorous health and strength, tough as hickory,
+and could go over or through a Virginia rail fence as deftly as a mule.
+It was some days before our army could recross the Potomac, on account
+of high water. As I rode in, on my return to the battery, I was given a
+regular cheer, all thinking that I was probably, by that time, in Fort
+Delaware.
+
+Our wounded had been captured in Pennsylvania, except Tom Williamson,
+who was left at the toll-house and picked up as our battery came by. As
+he had become my bedfellow since Stuart's death, I was sent with him to
+Winchester, where I cared for him at the home of Mrs. Anne Magill.
+During my stay Randolph Tucker, a brother of Mrs. Magill, and Bishop
+Wilmer, of Alabama, were guests in the house, and Mr. Tucker kept the
+household alive with his songs and jokes. After a week or more in camp,
+near Bunker Hill, our despondent army passed through Winchester, thence
+by Front Royal across the Blue Ridge, and encamped for the remainder of
+the summer in Orange County, with men and horses greatly depleted in
+number and spirits.
+
+Our battery camped at Blue Run Church and near a field of corn. Roasting
+ears afforded the chief portion of our living. It was surprising to see
+how much, in addition to the army rations, a man could consume day after
+day, or rather night after night, with no especial alteration in his
+physique.
+
+Soup was a favorite dish, requiring, as it did, but one vessel for all
+the courses, and the more ingredients it contained, the more it was
+relished. Merrick claimed to be an adept in the culinary art, and
+proposed to several of us that if we would "club in" with him he would
+concoct a pot that would be food for the gods. He was to remain in camp,
+have the water boiling, and the meat sufficiently cooked by the time the
+others returned from their various rounds in search of provender. In due
+time, one after another, the foragers showed up, having been very
+successful in their acquisitions, which, according to Merrick's
+directions, were consigned to the pot. As some fresh contribution, which
+he regarded as especially savory, was added, Merrick's countenance would
+brighten up. At one time he sat quietly musing, then gave expression to
+his joy in an Irish ditty. His handsome suit of clothes, donned at
+Hagerstown, was now in tatters, which made his appearance the more
+ludicrous as he "cut the pigeon-wing" around the seething cauldron. He
+had particularly enjoined upon us, when starting out, to procure, at
+all hazards, some okra, which we failed to get, and, in naming aloud the
+various items, as each appeared on the surface of the water, he wound up
+his soliloquy with, "And now, Lord, for a little okra!"
+
+In September the army moved again toward Manassas, about seventy miles
+distant. When we arrived at Bristow, the next station south of Manassas,
+an engagement had just taken place, in which Gen. A. P. Hill had been
+disastrously outwitted by his adversary, General Warren, and the ground
+was still strewn with our dead. The Federals were drawn up in two lines
+of battle, the one in front being concealed in the railroad-cut, while
+the rear line, with skirmishers in front, stood in full view. The
+Confederates, unaware of the line in the cut, advanced to the attack
+without skirmishers and were terribly cut up by the front line, and
+driven back, with a loss of several pieces of artillery and scores of
+men. The delay caused by this unfortunate affair gave the Federal army
+ample time to withdraw at leisure. General Lee arrived on the scene just
+at the close of this affair and was asked, by General Hill, if he should
+pursue the then retreating Federals. He replied, "No, General Hill; all
+that can now be done is to bury your unfortunate dead."
+
+After this we returned to the west side of the Rappahannock and encamped
+at Pisgah Church, overlooking the plains about Brandy Station. As the
+war was prolonged, Confederate rations proportionately diminished, both
+in quantity and variety. Consequently, to escape the pangs of hunger,
+the few opportunities that presented themselves were gladly seized. In
+the absence of the sportsmen of peace times, game had become quite
+abundant, especially quail. But our "murmurings," if any there were, did
+not avail, as did those of the Israelites, "to fill the camp." I soon
+succeeded in getting an Enfield rifle, a gun not designed for such small
+game. By beating Minie-balls out flat, then cutting the plates into
+square blocks or slugs, I prepared my ammunition, and in the first
+eleven shots killed nine quail on the wing. I was shooting for the pot,
+and shot to kill.
+
+From this camp our battery was ordered to occupy a fort on the west side
+of the river, near Rappahannock Station. Immediately across the river
+Hayes's and Hoke's brigades of Early's division occupied a line of
+breastworks as a picket or outpost. A pontoon bridge (a bridge of
+boats), in place of the railroad bridge, which had been burned, served
+as a crossing. While a dozen or more of our battery were a mile in the
+rear of the fort, getting a supply of firewood, another member of the
+company came to us at a gallop, with orders to return as quickly as
+possible to the fort. On our arrival the indications of an attack from
+the enemy were very apparent. They must have anticipated immense
+slaughter, as no less than a hundred of their ambulances were plainly
+visible. About four P. M. they opened on us with artillery, and from
+that time until sundown a spirited contest was kept up. While this was
+in progress their infantry advanced, but, after a brief but rapid fire
+of musketry, almost perfect quiet was restored.
+
+While working at my gun I received what I thought to be a violent kick
+on the calf of my leg, but, turning to discover whence the blow came,
+saw a Minie-ball spinning on the ground. It was very painful for a time,
+but did not interrupt my service at the gun. It was too dark for us to
+see what was going on across the river, but the sudden and complete
+stillness following the firing was very mysterious. While speculating
+among ourselves as to what it meant, a half-naked infantryman came
+almost breathless into our midst and announced that both brigades had
+been captured, he having escaped by swimming the river. One of our
+lieutenants refused to believe his statement and did the worthy fellow
+cruel injustice in accusing him of skulking. That his story was true
+soon became evident. Our situation was now extremely dangerous, as the
+Federals had only to cross on the pontoon bridge a hundred yards from
+the fort and "gobble us up." About nine o'clock General Early, with his
+other two brigades, arrived. After acquainting himself with the
+surrounding conditions, he asked our batterymen for a volunteer to burn
+the bridge. To accomplish this would involve extreme danger, as the
+moment a light was struck for the purpose a hundred shots could be
+expected from the opposite end, not more than seventy-five yards away.
+However, William Effinger, of Harrisonburg, Virginia, one of our
+cannoneers, promptly volunteered to undertake it; and soon had the
+bridge in flames, the enemy not firing a shot. For this gallant and
+daring act, Effinger, after a long time, received a lieutenant's
+commission and was assigned to another branch of the service.
+
+From this perilous situation we came off surprisingly well, but lost
+Robert Bell, of Winchester, Virginia. He was struck by a large piece of
+shell, which passed through his body. During the hour he survived, his
+companions who could leave their posts went to say good-by. He was a
+brave soldier and a modest, unassuming gentleman as well. The Federals,
+satisfied with the capture of the two celebrated brigades without loss
+to themselves, withdrew--and again we returned to the vicinity of Brandy
+Station.
+
+In an artillery company two sentinels are kept on post--one to see after
+the guns and ammunition, the other to catch and tie loose horses or
+extricate them when tangled in their halters, and the like. Merrick's
+name and mine, being together on the roll, we were frequently on guard
+at the same time, and, to while away the tedious hours of the night,
+would seek each other's company. Our turn came while in this camp one
+dark, chilly night; the rain falling fast and the wind moaning through
+the leafless woods. As we stood near a fitful fire, Merrick, apparently
+becoming oblivious of the dismal surroundings, began to sing. He played
+the role of a lover serenading his sweetheart, opening with some lively
+air to attract her attention. The pattering of the rain he construed as
+her tread to the lattice; then poured forth his soul in deepest pathos
+(the progress of his suit being interpreted, aside, to me), and again
+fixed his gaze on the imaginary window. Each sound made by the storm he
+explained as some recognition: the creaking of a bent tree was the
+gentle opening of the casement, and the timely falling of a bough broken
+by the wind was a bouquet thrown to his eager grasp, over which he went
+into raptures. Whether the inspiration was due to a taste of some
+stimulant or to his recurring moods of intense imagination, I could not
+say, but the performance was genuinely artistic.
+
+During the last night of our sojourn in this camp I had another
+experience of as fully absorbing interest. A very tough piece of beef
+(instead of quail) for supper proved more than my digestive organs could
+stand. After retiring to my bunk several sleepless hours passed
+wrestling with my burden. About one o'clock, the struggle being over,
+with an intense feeling of comfort I was falling into a sound sleep when
+I heard, in the distance, the shrill note of a bugle, then another and
+another, as camp after camp was invaded by urgent couriers; then our own
+bugle took up the alarm and sounded the call to hitch up. Meantime,
+drums were rolling, till the hitherto stillness of night had become a
+din of noise. We packed up and pulled out through the woods in the dark,
+with gun No. 1, to which I belonged, the rear one of the battery. A
+small bridge, spanning a ditch about five feet deep, had been passed
+over safely by the other guns and caissons in front, but when my
+gun-carriage was midway on it the whole structure collapsed. The
+struggle the detachment of men and horses underwent during the rest of
+this night of travail constituted still another feature of the
+vicissitudes of "merry war." Fortunately for us, Lieut. Jack Jordan was
+in charge, and, as Rockbridge men can testify, any physical difficulty
+that could not be successfully overcome by a Jordan, where men and
+horses were involved, might well be despaired of.
+
+After reaching the Rapidan, a day was spent skirmishing with the enemy's
+artillery on the hills beyond. After which both sides withdrew--we to
+our former camps.
+
+A short time thereafter I called on my old friends of the College
+company, whom we seldom met since our severance from the Stonewall
+Brigade. Two of these college boys, Tedford Barclay and George Chapin,
+told me that a recent provision had been announced, to the effect that a
+commission would be granted to any private who should perform some act
+of conspicuous gallantry in battle, and they had each resolved to earn
+the offered reward, and to be privates no longer. They were tired of
+carrying muskets and cartridge-boxes; and, in the next fight, as they
+expressed it, they had determined to be "distinguished or extinguished."
+
+The determined manner with which it was said impressed me, so that I
+awaited results with interest. A fortnight had not elapsed before their
+opportunity came, and they proved true to their resolve. Under a galling
+fire their regiment hesitated to advance, when the two lads pushed to
+the front of the line of battle and climbed an intervening fence. Chapin
+was killed, and Barclay, who survives to this day, received for his
+daring courage the promised commission as lieutenant.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIV
+
+BATTLE OF MINE RUN--MARCH TO FREDERICK'S HALL--WINTER-QUARTERS--SOCIAL
+AFFAIRS--AGAIN TO THE FRONT--NARROW ESCAPE FROM CAPTURE BY GENERAL
+DAHLGREN--FURLOUGHS--CADETS RETURN FROM NEW MARKET--SPOTTSYLVANIA AND
+THE WILDERNESS--RETURN TO ARMY AT HANOVER JUNCTION--PANIC AT NIGHT
+
+
+The movement in which we were next engaged included the battle of Mine
+Run, which has been designated by a military critic as "a campaign of
+strategy," an account of which is, therefore, not within my province.
+The Federals on this occasion did most of the marching and, after
+crossing the Rapidan at several different fords, were confronted not far
+from our quarters at Mine Run, in Orange County. After breaking camp our
+first intimation that a battle was expected was the invariable profusion
+of playing-cards along the road. I never saw or heard of a Bible or
+prayer-book being cast aside at such a time, but cards were always
+thrown away by soldiers going into battle.
+
+After a spirited engagement between Johnson's division and Warren's
+corps, the Federals lost time sufficient for the Confederates to
+construct a formidable line of breastworks. The position occupied by our
+battery was in the midst of a brigade of North Carolinians who had seen
+some service in their own State, but had never participated in a real
+battle. From a Federal shell, which burst some distance overhead, a thin
+piece twirled downward and fell like a leaf within a few feet of our
+gun. I saw one of their lieutenants, who was lying in the trench, eye it
+suspiciously, then creep out and pick it up. Presently the colonel of
+his regiment passed along and the lieutenant said, as he held up the
+trophy, "Colonel, just look at this. I was lying right _here_, and it
+fell right _there_." This brigade had no occasion to test its mettle
+until the following spring, but then, in the great battle of
+Spottsylvania, it fought gallantly and lost its general--Gary--who was
+killed.
+
+Naturally, after such a determined advance on the part of the Federals,
+a general attack was expected; but, after spending two days threatening
+different portions of our lines, they withdrew in the night, leaving
+only men sufficient to keep their camp-fires burning for a time, as a
+ruse. The road along which we followed them for some miles was strewn at
+intervals with feathers from the beds of the people whose houses they
+had ransacked.
+
+It was now October, and the chilly autumn nights suggested retiring to
+more comfortable surroundings. Our battalion of artillery was ordered
+to Frederick's Hall, on the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, about fifty
+miles from Richmond. In this neighborhood there were quite a number of
+nice people, whose society and hospitality afforded those of us so
+inclined much agreeable entertainment. A white paper-collar became no
+unusual sight, but when two of our members appeared one afternoon
+adorned with blue cravats a sensation was created.
+
+A member of our battery returned from a visit to a family of former
+acquaintances some twelve miles from camp, and brought an invitation for
+some of his friends to accompany him on his next visit. Soon thereafter
+four of us went, through a drizzling rain, I riding a blind horse, the
+others on foot. Night overtook us soon after leaving camp, and when,
+within a mile of our destination, we asked at a house by the roadside
+for directions as to the way, a gruff voice informed us that an
+intervening creek was too high to cross, and insisted on our coming in
+and spending the night. We declined this, and the man said, "Well, I'll
+send a negro boy with you; but you'll have to come back," which proved
+to be the case. On our return we were boisterously welcomed. A blazing
+fire of dry pine soon lit up the room, with its clean, bare floor, and
+disclosed the figure of our host--Peter Johnson by name--a stout, burly
+man, clad in homespun and a fur cap. He said his wife and children had
+been "a-bed" since dark, were tired of his jokes, and that he was
+delighted to have a fresh audience; that it was past supper-time and
+some hours before breakfast, but that fasting was nothing new to
+Confederate soldiers. The names of two of our party, McCorkle and
+McClintic, he said, were too long and that he would call them Cockle and
+Flint, but before proceeding further he would give us some music.
+Forthwith he produced a short flute, took a seat on the foot of the
+stairs (in the far corner of the room), and played "The Devil's Dream,"
+"The Arkansas Traveler," etc., beating time with his foot.
+
+Here we passed the night in comfortable beds and, after a bountiful
+breakfast, left with a pressing invitation to return for a rabbit-chase
+with his hounds, which we gladly accepted and afterward enjoyed. This
+was typical of eastern Virginia and her hospitable, whole-souled
+"Tuckahoes," whose houses were never too full for them to hail a
+passer-by and compel him to come in. This interruption detracted nothing
+from the pleasure of the visit for which we had originally set out.
+
+A short time after our return to Frederick's Hall our whole artillery
+command narrowly escaped capture by a band of cavalry raiders under
+command of Colonel Dahlgren. About fifty of the cannoneers of the
+battalion had been furnished with muskets and regularly exercised in the
+infantry drill. When the raiders arrived within a mile of our
+winter-quarters they inquired of the country people as to the character
+of troops occupying our camp, and were informed by some negroes that the
+"men had muskets with bayonets on them." As infantry was not what they
+were seeking, they gave us the go-by and passed on toward Richmond, the
+capture of which was the chief object of the expedition. In the attack
+on Richmond, which occurred in the night, Dahlgren was killed and his
+command defeated with heavy loss.
+
+Encouraged by the visit already mentioned, I accompanied my friend, Tom
+Williamson, on a visit by rail to his relations, the Garnetts, near
+Hanover Junction; thence, after spending the night, to some friends in
+Caroline County. On our return to camp we found preparations on foot for
+a move to the front, and although we left camp by eleven o'clock that
+night not more than three or four miles was traveled by daylight. In the
+darkness one of our twenty-pounders went over a thirty-foot embankment,
+carrying the drivers and eight horses into the mud and water at its
+base.
+
+While on the march later in the day, to save distance, I undertook to
+pass near a house, in the yard of which were two men with a large
+Newfoundland dog. A smaller dog, chained to the corner of the house,
+broke loose as I passed and viciously seized the tail of my overcoat.
+Instantly, to my dismay, the large dog left the men and dashed straight
+for me; but, instead of rending me, knocked my assailant heels over head
+and held him down until secured by the men and chained.
+
+Before reaching the front, it was learned that we had been called out on
+a false alarm. Our return to Frederick's Hall was by a more circuitous
+route, near which was an establishment where apple-brandy was for sale.
+The stock had been heavily watered, and the price of shares (in a
+drink), even then, too far above par for eleven dollars a month to
+afford scarcely more than a smell. However, after reaching camp, more
+than ordinary wrestling and testing of strength were indulged in.
+
+Two years had elapsed since any furloughs had been given, except to the
+sick and wounded. The granting of them was now revived, and those who
+had been longest from home were, of course, to be served first. My turn
+came in March. I shall never forget the impression made on me as I sat
+at the supper-table at home, on the evening of my arrival. My father,
+mother, sisters, and little niece were present; and, after the noise,
+loud talking, etc., in camp, the quiet was painful. It was just as it
+had always been, except the vacant places of the boys at the front;
+still, I felt that something was wrong. Equally as impressive was the
+mild diet of cold bread, milk, and weak-looking tea. The effect was the
+same as that produced by a sudden transition from a low to a high
+altitude, or vice versa, requiring time for adaptation, as I soon
+experienced. My fifteen days' leave of absence having expired, I
+returned to camp.
+
+To induce the boys who were under age, and still at home, to enlist, a
+thirty-day furlough was offered to every soldier who would secure a
+recruit for the service. By this means many boys of only fifteen or
+sixteen years joined the army, to enable a long-absent kinsman to get
+home. McClintic, of my mess, got this furlough by the enlistment of his
+brother, and while at home drummed up the son of a neighbor, William
+Barger, whom he brought back with him to repeat the operation. To
+allowing this second furlough the authorities, right or wrong, objected.
+The matter was compromised by McClintic very generously assigning the
+young recruit to my credit, by which I got the furlough.
+
+Before my return to the army, at the expiration of the thirty days, the
+Grant campaign had opened and the great battles of the Wilderness and
+Spottsylvania had been fought. Our battery had escaped without serious
+loss, as the character of the country afforded little opportunity for
+the use of artillery. From Staunton I traveled on a freight train with
+the cadets of the Virginia Military Institute and their professors, who
+were now the conspicuous heroes of the hour, having just won immortal
+fame in their charge, on May 15, at New Market. Among the professors was
+my friend and former messmate, Frank Preston, with an empty sleeve, now
+captain of a cadet company, and Henry A. Wise, Jr., who took command of
+the cadets after the wounding of Colonel Shipp, their commandant.
+
+Our army was now near Hanover Junction, twenty-five miles from Richmond,
+and engaged in its death struggle with Grant's countless legions. If
+any one period of the four years of the war were to be selected as an
+example of Southern endurance and valor, it probably should be the
+campaign from the Wilderness, beginning May 5 and closing a month later
+at Petersburg, in which the Confederate army, numbering 64,000
+half-clothed, half-fed men, successfully resisted a splendidly equipped
+army of 140,000--inflicting a loss of 60,000 killed and wounded.
+
+Much has been said and written concerning the comparative equipment,
+etc., of the two armies. A striking reference to it I heard in a
+conversation at General Lee's home in Lexington after the war. Of the
+students who attended Washington College during his presidency he always
+requested a visit to himself whenever they returned to the town. With
+this request they were very ready to comply. While performing this
+pleasant duty one evening, during a visit to my old home in Lexington,
+Mrs. Lee, sitting in her invalid-chair, was discoursing to me,
+feelingly, on the striking contrast between the ragged clothing worn by
+Confederate soldiers as compared with that worn by the Federals, as she
+had seen the Federal troops entering Richmond after its evacuation. The
+General, who was pacing the floor, paused for a moment, his eye lighting
+up, and, at the conclusion of her remarks, said, as he inclined forward
+with that superb grace, "But, ah! Mistress Lee, we gave them some
+awfully hard knocks, with all of our rags!"
+
+After parting with my cadet friends at Hanover Junction, soon after
+day-dawn, I readily found our battery bivouacking in sight of the
+station. Some of the men were lying asleep; those who had risen seemed
+not yet fully awake. All looked ten years older than when I had bidden
+them good-by a month before--hollow-eyed, unwashed, jaded, and hungry;
+paper-collars and blue neckties shed and forgotten. The contents of my
+basket (boxes were now obsolete), consisting of pies sweetened with
+sorghum molasses, and other such edibles, were soon devoured, and I
+reported "returned for duty." In a few hours we were on the road to
+Richmond, with the prospect of another sojourn in the surrounding
+swamps.
+
+On the night of June 1 our battery was bivouacked in the edge of a dense
+piece of woods, the guns being parked in open ground just outside, while
+the men were lying in the leaves, with the horses tied among them. About
+midnight one of the horses became tangled in his halter and fell to the
+ground, struggling and kicking frantically to free himself. A man close
+by, being startled from sleep, began halloaing, "Whoa, whoa, whoa!" The
+alarm was taken up by one after another as each roused from slumber,
+increasing and spreading the noise and confusion; by this time the
+horses had joined in, pawing and snorting in terror, completing the
+reign of pandemonium. As darkness prevented successful running, some
+of the men climbed trees or clung to them for protection, while the
+sentinel over the guns in the open broke from his beat, supposing
+Grant's cavalry was upon us. In a space of two minutes all suddenly
+became still, the climbers stealthily slid from their trees, and others
+gingerly picked their way back to their lairs, "ashamed as men who flee
+in battle." For some time, as the cause and absurdity of the incident
+was realized, there issued now and then from a pile of leaves a chuckle
+of suppressed laughter.
+
+[Illustration: EDWARD H. HYDE
+
+(Color-bearer)]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXV
+
+SECOND COLD HARBOR--WOUNDED--RETURN HOME--REFUGEEING FROM HUNTER
+
+
+After spending the following day and night in "Camp Panic," we moved
+forward early on the morning of June 3 to the field of the memorable
+second Cold Harbor. Minie-balls were rapping against the trees as we
+drove through a copse of small timber to occupy a temporary redoubt in
+the line of breastworks beyond. While the guns halted briefly before
+driving in to unlimber, I walked forward to see what was in front. The
+moment I came into view a Minie-ball sung by my head and passed through
+the clothes of the cannoneer, Barton McCrum, who was a few steps from
+me, suggesting to both of us to lie low until called for as videttes.
+Perched in the tops of the trees beyond the half-mile of open field in
+our front, the enemy's sharpshooters, with telescope sights on their
+rifles, blazed away at every moving object along our line. It was noon
+before their artillery opened on us, and, in the firing which ensued, a
+large barn a hundred yards in our front was set on fire by a shell and
+burned to the ground.
+
+An hour or two later, during this brisk cannonade, I, being No. 3,
+stood with my thumb on the vent as the gun was being loaded. From a
+shell which exploded a few yards in front I was struck on the breast by
+the butt-end, weighing not less than three pounds, and at the same time
+by a smaller piece on the thigh. After writhing for a time I was
+accompanied to our surgeon in the rear. The brass button on my jacket,
+which I still have as a memento, was cut almost in two and the shirt
+button underneath driven to the breast-bone, besides other smaller
+gashes. A large contusion was made by the blow on my thigh, and my
+clothing was very much torn. After my wounds had been dressed I passed
+the night at the quarters of my friend and fellow-townsman, Capt.
+Charles Estill, of the Ordnance Department, who already had in charge
+his brother Jack, wounded in a cavalry engagement the day before.
+
+An hour after dark, as I sat by the light of a camp-fire, enjoying the
+relief and rest, as well as the agreeable company of old friends, the
+rattle of musketry two miles away had gradually increased into the
+proportions of a fierce battle. The feelings of one honorably out of
+such a conflict, but listening in perfect security, may be better
+imagined than described. This, like a curfew bell, signaled the close of
+a day of frightful and probably unparalleled carnage. Within the space
+of a single hour in the forenoon the Federal army had been three times
+repulsed with a loss of thirteen thousand men killed and wounded; after
+which their troops firmly refused to submit themselves to further
+butchery. This statement is made on the evidence of Northern historians.
+
+After a night's rest I was sent to Richmond, where I received a transfer
+to a hospital in Staunton. Sheridan's cavalry having interrupted travel
+over the Virginia Central Railroad, I went by rail to Lynchburg, via the
+Southside Road, with Captain Semmes and eight or ten cadets on their
+return to Lexington with artillery horses pressed into service.
+Learning, in Lynchburg, that Hunter's army was near Staunton, I
+continued with the cadets, riding one of their artillery horses, but was
+too much exhausted to proceed far, and stopped for the night on the way.
+Here I learned from refugees that Hunter was advancing toward Lexington.
+As the whole country seemed now to be overrun by the Federals, to avoid
+them was very difficult.
+
+I resumed my journey toward home, frequently meeting acquaintances who
+were seeking safety elsewhere. When within four or five miles of the
+town, while ascending a long hill, I heard the sound of a drum and fife
+not far ahead. Presently I recognized the tune played to be "Yankee
+Doodle." I could not believe it to be the vanguard of Hunter's army, but
+what on earth could it be? However, at the top of the hill I saw a train
+of refugee wagons preceded by two negroes who were making the music.
+
+I remained at home only a day and a night, at the expiration of which
+time General McCausland (the first captain of our battery) with his
+brigade of cavalry was within a mile of town, closely pursued by
+Hunter's whole army. I spent half of the night assisting my mother and
+the servants (our slaves) to conceal from the marauders what flour,
+bacon, etc., the family still had; and before sunrise the next morning
+set out, mounted on my father's horse, for a safer place. By this time
+my wounds had become very painful, and my leg had turned a dark blue
+color from the thigh to the knee.
+
+A brief account of my experience while refugeeing may be of interest, as
+it will give an idea of the horror with which our non-combatants
+regarded the invasion of their homes by our fellow-countrymen of the
+North, who had now resorted to fire, after learning by bitter experience
+that the sword alone could not restore us to the blessings of the Union.
+
+My destination was the home of my aunt, Mrs. Allen, forty miles distant,
+in Bedford County. After passing through the gap between the two peaks
+of Otter, I reached my aunt's and found there three officers from
+Louisiana recovering from wounds. After a respite of two days one of the
+officers, on his return from a neighbor's, brought information that
+McCausland's command was approaching through the mountain-pass, with
+Hunter in close pursuit. In a few hours our house of refuge was overrun
+by McCausland's hungry soldiers. Again I went through the process of
+helping to hide valuables and packing up what was to be hauled away. I
+started at dawn next morning with the officers, leaving my aunt and her
+three daughters very forlorn and unprotected. When I left she gave me
+the pistol which her son Robert, colonel of the Twenty-eighth Virginia
+Regiment, was wearing when he fell in Pickett's charge at Gettysburg. In
+our care were the loaded wagons, negro men, lowing cows, and bleating
+sheep.
+
+That afternoon, after exchanging my gray for a fleet-footed cavalry
+horse ridden by one of the officers, I rode back from our place of
+hiding, some miles south of Liberty, to reconnoiter; but, after passing
+through the town, met General McCausland at the head of his brigade
+falling back toward Lynchburg, and rode back a short distance with him
+to return to my party of refugees, who meantime had moved farther on.
+Next day I stopped at a house by the wayside to get dinner, and had just
+taken my seat at the table when there arose a great commotion outside,
+with cries of "Yankee cavalry! Yankee cavalry!" Stepping to the door, I
+saw a stream of terrified school-children crying as they ran by, and
+refugees flying for the woods. In a moment I was on my fleet-footed dun,
+not taking time to pick up a biscuit of my untasted dinner nor the
+pillow worn between my crippled leg and the saddle, and joined in the
+flight. I had noticed a yearling colt in the yard of the house as I
+entered, and in five minutes after I started a twelve-year-old boy
+mounted on the little thing, barebacked, shot by me with the speed of a
+greyhound. A hundred yards farther on I overtook some refugee wagons
+from about Lexington, whose owners had left them on the road and betaken
+themselves to the woods; but there still stood by them a mulatto man of
+our town--Lindsay Reid by name--who indignantly refused to be routed,
+and was doing his utmost, with voice and example, to stem the tide,
+saying, "It is a shame to fear anything; let's stand and give them a
+fight!"
+
+A moment later a negro boy rode by at a gallop in the direction from
+which the alarm came. In reply to the inquiry as to where he was going,
+he called out, "After Marse William." Relying on him as a picket, I
+remained in view of the road. In ten minutes he appeared, returning at
+full speed, and called out to me, as he rode up, that he had "run almost
+into them." They were close behind, and I must "fly or be caught." I was
+well alongside of him as he finished the warning, and for half a mile
+our horses ran neck and neck. He said he would take me to his old
+master's, an out-of-the-way place, several miles distant. Arriving
+there, a nice country house and very secluded, I concealed my horse in
+the woods as best I could and went to the house, where I was welcomed
+and cared for by two young ladies and their aged father, Mr. Hurt, who
+was blind. I was now much exhausted, and determined to take a rest, with
+the chances of being captured. The occasion of the alarm was a body of
+Federal cavalry which had been sent on a raid to meet Hunter's army,
+advancing on Lynchburg.
+
+After two days in this quiet abode I set out to make my way past the
+rear of Hunter's army and eventually to reach home. On the way to
+Liberty I was informed that a train of Hunter's wagons and many negroes,
+under a cavalry escort, were then passing northward through the town. To
+satisfy myself (being again mounted on my father's gray) I rode to the
+top of a hill overlooking the place. Then a strikingly pretty young lady
+of about sixteen, bareheaded (although it was not then the fashion), and
+almost out of breath, who had seen me coming into danger, ran to meet me
+and called, "For God's sake, fly; the town is full of Yankees!" Many
+years after the war a lady friend of Norfolk, Virginia, who was
+refugeeing in Liberty at the time, told me that she had witnessed the
+incident, and said that the girl who had run out to warn me had
+afterward married a Federal officer. I then went around the town and
+crossed the road a mile west of it, learning that the wagon-train, etc.,
+had all passed.
+
+From this place on, throughout the territory over which this patriotic
+army had operated, were the desolated homes of helpless people, stripped
+of every valuable they possessed, and outraged at the wanton destruction
+of their property, scarcely knowing how to repair the damage or to take
+up again their broken fortunes. Night had now fallen, but a bright moon
+rather added to the risks of continuing my journey. An old negro man,
+however, kindly agreed to pilot me through fields and woods, avoiding
+the highways, "as far as Colonel Nichol's" (his master's). When near his
+destination he went ahead to reconnoiter, and soon returned from the
+house, accompanied by one of the ladies, who told me that their house
+and premises had been overrun by Yankees all day, and that some of them
+were still prowling about, and, in her fright, pointed to each bush as
+an armed foe.
+
+Camp-fires still burning enabled me to steer clear of the road, but it
+was midnight when I reached my aunt's, and, going to the negro cabin
+farthest from her dwelling, I succeeded, after a long time, in getting
+"Uncle" Mose to venture out of his door. He said he thought the Yankees
+were all gone, but to wait till he crept up to the house and let "Ole
+Miss" know I was about. He reported the way clear, and I was soon in the
+side porch. After the inmates were satisfied as to my identity, the door
+was opened just enough for me to squeeze through. The family, consisting
+of females, including the overseer's wife, who had come for protection,
+quietly collected in the sitting-room, where a tallow candle, placed not
+to attract attention from outside, shed a dim light over my ghostlike
+companions clad in their night-dresses. The younger ladies were almost
+hysterical, and all looked as if they had passed through a fearful storm
+at sea, as various experiences were recounted. The house had been
+ransacked from garret to cellar, and what could not be devoured or
+carried off was scattered about, and such things as sugar, vinegar,
+flour, salt, etc., conglomerately mixed. The only food that escaped was
+what the negroes had in their cabins, and this they freely divided with
+the whites.
+
+The next day I concealed myself and horse in the woods, and was lying
+half-asleep when I heard footsteps stealthily approaching through the
+leaves. Presently a half-grown negro, carrying a small basket, stumbled
+almost on me. He drew back, startled at my question, "What do you want?"
+and replied, "Nothin'; I jus' gwine take 'Uncle' Mose he dinner. He
+workin' in de fiel' over yander." My dinner was to be sent by a boy
+named Phil, so I said, "Is that you, Phil?" "Lordy! Is that you, Marse
+Eddie? I thought you was a Yankee! Yas, dis is me, and here's yer dinner
+I done brung yer." Phil, who belonged to my aunt, had run off several
+weeks before, but of his own accord had returned the preceding day, and
+this was our first meeting.
+
+As Hunter's army was still threatening Lynchburg, to avoid the
+scouting-parties scouring the country in his rear I set out on Sunday
+morning to make my way back to Lexington by Peteet's Gap. I was scarcely
+out of sight--in fact one of my cousins, as I learned afterward, ran to
+the porch to assure herself that I was gone--when twenty-five or thirty
+Federal cavalry, accompanied by a large, black dog, and guided by one of
+my aunt's negroes armed and dressed in Federal uniform, galloped into
+the yard and searched the house for "rebel soldiers." Passing through
+the Federal campground, from among the numerous household articles,
+etc., I picked up a book, on the fly-leaf of which was written,
+"Captured at Washington College, Lexington, _Rockingham_ County,
+Virginia." That afternoon, as I was slowly toiling up the steep mountain
+path almost overgrown with ferns, I was stopped by an old, white-bearded
+mountaineer at a small gate which he held open for me. While asking for
+the news, after I had dismounted, he noticed the split button on my coat
+and my torn trousers, and, pausing for a moment, he said, very solemnly,
+"Well, you ought to be a mighty good young man." I asked why he thought
+so. "Well," said he, "the hand of God has certainly been around you."
+
+That night I spent at Judge Anderson's, in Arnold's Valley, and the next
+day reached Lexington--a very different Lexington from the one I had
+left a fortnight before. The Virginia Military Institute barracks, the
+professors' houses, and Governor Letcher's private home had been burned,
+and also all neighboring mills, etc., while the intervening and adjacent
+grounds were one great desolate common. Preparations had also been made
+to burn Washington College, when my father, who was a trustee of that
+institution, called on General Hunter, and, by explaining that it was
+endowed by and named in honor of General Washington, finally succeeded
+in preventing its entire destruction, although much valuable apparatus,
+etc., had already been destroyed.
+
+Comparisons are odious, but the contrast between the conduct of Northern
+and Southern soldiers during their invasions of each other's territory
+is very striking and suggestive; especially when taken in connection
+with the fact that the Federal army, from first to last, numbered
+twenty-eight hundred thousand men, and the Confederates not more than
+six hundred and fifty thousand.
+
+General Early, with three divisions, having been despatched from the
+army near Richmond, had reached Lynchburg in time to prevent its
+occupancy by Hunter, who promptly retreated, and his army soon became a
+mass of fugitives, struggling through the mountains of West Virginia on
+to the Ohio River. The Confederates at Lynchburg, all told, numbered
+11,000 men, the Federals 20,000.
+
+An incident which occurred in Rockbridge County, the participants in
+which were of the "cradle and grave" classes, deserves mention. Maj.
+Angus McDonald, aged seventy, having four sons in our army, set out from
+Lexington with his fourteen-year-old son Harry, refugeeing. They were
+joined, near the Natural Bridge, by Mr. Thomas Wilson, a white-haired
+old man; and the three determined to give battle to Hunter's army. From
+a hastily constructed shelter of rails and stones they opened, with
+shotguns and pistols, on his advance guard, but, of course, were
+quickly overpowered. Mr. Wilson was left for dead on the ground, and the
+McDonalds captured. The father was taken to a Northern prison, but Harry
+made his escape by night in the mountains, and in turn captured a
+Federal soldier, whom I saw him turn over to the provost on his return
+to Lexington. General Early pursued Hunter no farther than Botetourt
+County, and thence passed through Lexington on his disastrous campaign
+toward Washington.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVI
+
+PERSONAL MENTION OF OFFICERS AND MEN--ROCKBRIDGE ARTILLERY--SECOND
+ROCKBRIDGE ARTILLERY
+
+
+As has already been mentioned, the captain under whom the battery was
+mustered into service was the Rev. Wm. N. Pendleton, rector of the
+Episcopal Church in Lexington, Virginia, who, after the first battle of
+Manassas, became chief of artillery of the Army of Northern Virginia.
+His only son, Alexander S. Pendleton, graduated at Washington College at
+the age of 18. He entered the army from the University of Virginia at
+the beginning of the war as lieutenant on General Jackson's staff, and
+rose through the various grades of promotion to the rank of
+lieutenant-colonel. After General Jackson's death he continued to fill
+the position of adjutant to the succeeding commanders of the corps until
+he fell in battle near Winchester, in 1864. He was one of the bravest
+and most efficient staff officers in the Army of Northern Virginia.
+
+The captains of the battery under whom I served were three uncommonly
+brave and capable officers.
+
+The first, William McLaughlin, after making an enviable record with the
+company, distinguished himself as commander of a battalion of artillery
+in General Early's company in 1864.
+
+The second, Captain W. T. Poague, whose reputation for efficiency and
+courage won for him the command of a battalion of artillery in A. P.
+Hill's corps, was amply equipped with both intelligence and valor to
+have handled an army division with credit to himself and advantage to
+the service.
+
+The third, Archibald Graham, who was appointed a sergeant upon the
+organization of the company, then elected a lieutenant, and for the last
+two years of the war captain, had the distinction of having been in
+every engagement in which the battery took part from Hainesville, in
+1861, to Appomattox in 1865. His dreamy, brown eyes kindled most at the
+sound of good music, and where the noise of battle was greatest, and
+shells flew thickest, there Graham lingered, as if courting danger.
+
+Our First Lieut. W. M. Brown, a brave officer, wounded and captured at
+Gettysburg, remained in prison from that time until the close of the
+war.
+
+Lieut. J. B. McCorkle, a noble fellow and recklessly brave, was killed
+at first Fredericksburg.
+
+As stated in this paper, besides those regularly enrolled in the company
+were men who did more or less service with it, but whose names do not
+appear on the roll. For example, Bernard Wolfe, of Martinsburg, served
+in this capacity for a time previous to and in the first battle of
+Manassas, and later became major of commissary on General Pendleton's
+staff.
+
+Chapman Maupin, of Charlottesville, son of Professor Maupin, of the
+University of Virginia, served during part of the campaign of 1862, was
+with the battery in several battles, and enlisted afterward in the
+Signal Corps.
+
+That so many intelligent and educated men from outside of Rockbridge
+were attracted to this company was primarily due to the fact that the
+Rev. W. N. Pendleton, its captain until after first Manassas, was a
+graduate of West Point and was widely known as a clergyman and educator.
+After his promotion the character of the company itself accomplished the
+same effect.
+
+Of the names on the roll there were four A. M.'s and a score of students
+of the University of Virginia. There were at least twenty graduates of
+Washington College, and as many undergraduates, and many graduates and
+students of other colleges.
+
+Among the privates in the company was a son and namesake of General R.
+E. Lee, whose presence in such a capacity was characteristic of his
+noble father, when it seemed so natural and surely the custom to have
+provided him with a commission. That the son should have the instincts
+and attributes of a soldier was not surprising; but, with these
+inherited gifts, his individuality, in which uniform cheerfulness,
+consideration for others, and enjoyment of fun were prominent features,
+won for him the esteem and affection of his comrades. When it fell to
+his lot, as a cannoneer, to supply temporarily the place of a sick or
+wounded driver, he handled and cared for his horses as diligently and
+with as much pride as when firing a gun.
+
+Two sons of Ex-President Tyler, one of whom--Gardiner--represented his
+district in Congress.
+
+A son of Commodore Porter, of the United States Navy.
+
+Walter and Joseph Packard, descendants of Charles Lee, who was a brother
+of Light-Horse Harry Lee.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The beautiful character of Randolph Fairfax, a descendant of Lord
+Fairfax, who was killed on December 13, 1862, on that fatal hill near
+Fredericksburg, has been worthily portrayed in a memoir by the Rev.
+Philip Slaughter. More than ten thousand copies of this memoir were
+distributed through the army at the expense of General Lee, Gen. J. E.
+B. Stuart, and other officers and men, and no better idea of the exalted
+character of young Fairfax can be conveyed, than by extracts copied from
+this little volume:
+
+"'REV. P. SLAUGHTER.
+
+"'DEAR SIR: Please receive enclosed a contribution ($100) to the very
+laudable work alluded to in church by you to-day. It is very desirable
+to place the example of Private Randolph Fairfax before every soldier
+of the army. I am particularly desirous that my command should have the
+advantage of such a Christian light to guide them on their way. How
+invincible would an army of such men be!--men who never murmur and who
+never flinch!
+
+   "'Very truly yours,
+   "'J. E. B. STUART.'
+
+"Berkeley Minor says:
+
+"'I knew Randolph Fairfax at the University quite well, but not so
+intimately as I did after he joined this company (the Rockbridge
+Battery). For several months before his death I was his messmate and
+bedfellow, and was able to note more fully the tone of earnest piety
+that pervaded his words and actions. He was unselfish, modest, and
+uniformly kind and considerate to all. If there was one trait in him
+more striking than others, it was his calm, earnest, trustful demeanor
+in time of battle, resulting, I believe, from his abiding trust in the
+providence and love of God. Many fine young men have been removed by
+death from this company, yet I do not think that any has been more
+deeply lamented than he.'
+
+"Joseph Packard, another of his comrades, writes:
+
+"'His cheerful courage, his coolness and steadiness, made him
+conspicuous in every battlefield. At the battle of Malvern Hill, where
+he had received a wound which nine men out of ten would have considered
+an excuse for retiring from the awful scene, he persisted in remaining
+at his post, and did the work of two until the battery had left the
+field. But it was in the bearing, more than in the daring, of the
+soldier's life that his lovely character displayed itself. He never
+avoided the most trying and irksome duties. If he had selfishness, those
+who knew him long and well as schoolmates and comrades never discerned
+it. More than once I have heard his beautiful Christian example spoken
+of by irreligious comrades. Bitter and inexplicable as may be the
+Providence which has removed one so full of promise of good to his
+fellows, I feel that we may thank God that we have been permitted to
+witness a life so Christ-like terminated by a death so noble.'
+
+"Captain Poague, commanding the Rockbridge Battery, says in a letter to
+his father:
+
+"'In simple justice to your son, I desire to express my high
+appreciation of his noble character as a soldier, a Christian, and
+gentleman. Modest and courteous in his deportment, charitable and
+unselfish in his disposition, cheerful and conscientious in his
+performance of duty, and upright and consistent in his walk and
+conversation, he was a universal favorite in the company, and greatly
+beloved by his friends. I don't think I have ever known a young man
+whose life was so free from the frailties of human nature, and whose
+character in all aspects formed so faultless a model for the imitation
+of others. Had his influence been restricted to the silent power and
+beauty of his example, his life on earth, short as it was, would not
+have been in vain. The name of Randolph Fairfax will not soon be
+forgotten by his comrades, and his family may be assured that there are
+many who, strangers as they are, deeply sympathize with them in their
+bereavement.'
+
+"The following from General Lee will be a fit climax to the foregoing
+tributes:
+
+"'CAMP FREDERICKSBURG, December 28, 1862.
+
+"'MY DEAR DOCTOR: I have grieved most deeply at the death of your noble
+son. I have watched his conduct from the commencement of the war, and
+have pointed with pride to the patriotism, self-denial, and manliness of
+character he has exhibited. I had hoped that an opportunity would have
+occurred for the promotion he deserved; not that it would have elevated
+him, but have shown that his devotion to duty was appreciated by his
+country. Such an opportunity would undoubtedly have occurred; but he has
+been translated to a better world for which his purity and his piety
+have eminently fitted him. You do not require to be told how great his
+gain. It is the living for whom I sorrow. I beg you will offer to Mrs.
+Fairfax and your daughters my heartfelt sympathy, for I know the depth
+of their grief. That God may give you and them strength to bear this
+great affliction is the earnest prayer of your early friend,
+
+   "'R. E. LEE.'
+   "'Dr. Orlando Fairfax.'"
+
+[Illustration: RANDOLPH FAIRFAX]
+
+A son and two nephews of Hon. A. R. Boteler.
+
+A son of Governor Gilmer, of Virginia.
+
+S. H. Letcher, brother of War-Governor John Letcher.
+
+Mercer Otey, graduate of Virginia Military Institute and son of Bishop
+Otey, of Tennessee.
+
+Launcelot M. Blackford, A. M., of University of Virginia, who became
+adjutant of the Twenty-sixth Virginia Infantry, and Superintendent of
+the Alexandria High School from the close of the war to the present
+time--forty-one years. He has said to the writer since the war that he
+cherished the fact of his having been a private in the Rockbridge
+Artillery with more pride than he felt in any honors he has since
+achieved.
+
+Robert A. Gibson, of Petersburg, Virginia, now a bishop of Virginia.
+
+Livingston Massie, of Waynesboro, who became captain of another battery
+and was killed in General Early's battle of Winchester.
+
+Hugh McGuire, of Winchester, brother of Dr. Hunter McGuire, medical
+director of Jackson's corps, whose gallantry won for him a captaincy in
+cavalry and lost him his life on the retreat to Appomattox.
+
+Boyd Faulkner, of Martinsburg, son of Hon. Charles J. Faulkner.
+
+Two Bartons from Winchester.
+
+Two Maurys and three Minors from Charlottesville.
+
+Other members of the company, of whom much that is interesting could be
+written, were Edgar and Eugene Alexander, of Moorefield, West Virginia,
+uncles of the authoress, Miss Mary Johnston. The first named lost an
+arm at Fredericksburg, the second had his thigh-bone broken at second
+Manassas.
+
+William H. Bolling, of Petersburg, Virginia, the handsomest of eight
+handsome brothers and a most polished gentleman.
+
+Holmes Boyd, of Winchester, now a distinguished lawyer of that city.
+
+Daniel Blaine, of Williamsburg, since the war a Presbyterian divine.
+
+Robert Frazer, of Culpeper, an accomplished scholar and prominent
+educator.
+
+William L. Gilliam, of Powhatan County.
+
+Campbell Heiskell, of Moorefield.
+
+J. K. Hitner, who, though a native of Pennsylvania, fought through the
+war for the South.
+
+William F. Johnston, of Rockbridge, a sterling man and soldier.
+
+Edward Hyde, of Alexandria, an excellent artist, who devoted most of his
+time in camp to drawing sketches of army life. He has recently written
+me that his drawings were lost in a canoe in which he attempted to cross
+James River on his journey from Appomattox. Otherwise some of them would
+have appeared in this book.
+
+Otho Kean, of Goochland County, Virginia.
+
+John E. McCauley, of Rockbridge, sergeant of the battery.
+
+William S. McClintic, now a prominent citizen of Missouri.
+
+D. D. Magruder, of Frederick County, Virginia.
+
+Littleton Macon, of Albemarle County, whose utterances became
+proverbial.
+
+Frank Meade and Frank Nelson, of Albemarle County.
+
+W. C. Gordon, of Lexington, Virginia.
+
+Jefferson Ruffin, of Henrico.
+
+J. M. Shoulder, of Rockbridge.
+
+W. C. Stuart, of Lexington, Virginia.
+
+Stevens M. Taylor, of Albemarle County, Virginia.
+
+Charles M. Trueheart, now a physician in Galveston, Texas.
+
+Thomas M. Wade, of Lexington, Virginia.
+
+W. H. White, of Lexington, Virginia.
+
+Calvin Wilson, of Cumberland County.
+
+John Withrow, of Lexington, Virginia.
+
+William M. Wilson, of Rockbridge, who went by the name of "Billy Zu.,"
+abbreviated for zouave; and many other fine fellows, most of whom have
+long since "passed over the river."
+
+A. S. Whitt, gunner of the fourth piece, whose failure to throw a
+twenty-pound shell "within a hair's breadth and not miss" could be
+attributed only to defective ammunition.
+
+In this company were all classes of society and all grades of
+intelligence, from the most cultured scholars to the lowest degree of
+illiteracy. We had men who had formerly been gentlemen of leisure,
+lawyers, physicians, students of divinity, teachers, merchants, farmers
+and mechanics, ranging in age from boys of seventeen to matured men in
+the forties and from all parts of the South and several from Northern
+States, as well as Irish and Germans. At one camp-fire could be heard
+discussions on literature, philosophy, science, etc., and at another
+horse-talk. The tone of the company was decidedly moral, and there was
+comparatively little profanity. In addition to the services conducted by
+the chaplain of the battalion, Rev. Henry White, prayer-meetings were
+regularly held by the theological students. Then we had men that swore
+like troopers. "Irish Emmett," whose face was dotted with grains of
+powder imbedded under the skin, could growl out oaths through
+half-clenched teeth that chilled one's blood.
+
+One man, Michael, a conscript from another county, a full-grown man,
+weighing perhaps one hundred and seventy-five pounds, was a chronic
+cry-baby; unfit for other service, he was assigned assistant at the
+forge, and would lie with face to the ground and moan out, "I want to go
+home, I want to go home," and sob by the hour.
+
+Another, a primitive man from the German forests, whose language was
+scarcely intelligible, lived entirely to himself and constructed his
+shelter of brush and leaves--as would a bear preparing to hibernate. In
+his ignorance of the use of an axe I saw him, in felling a tree, "throw"
+it so that it fell on and killed a horse tied nearby. On seeing what he
+had done, his lamentation over the dying animal was pathetic.
+
+As a school for the study of human nature, that afforded in the various
+conditions of army life is unsurpassed--a life in which danger,
+fatigue, hunger, etc., leave no room for dissimulation, and expose the
+good and bad in each individual to the knowledge of his associates.
+
+It sometimes fell to my lot to be on guard-duty with Tom Martin, an
+Irishman who was over forty-five and exempt from military service, but
+was soldiering for the love of it. Sometimes he was very taciturn and
+entirely absorbed with his short-stemmed pipe; at other times full of
+humor and entertaining. He gave me an account, one night while on post,
+of what he called his "great flank movement"--in other words, a visit to
+his home in Rockbridge without leave. After Doran, another Irishman, had
+been disabled at Malvern Hill and discharged from service, he became a
+sort of huckster for the battery and would make trips to and from
+Rockbridge with a wagon-load of boxes from our homes and also a supply
+of apple-brandy. While camped at Bunker Hill in the fall of 1862,
+shortly after Doran arrived with his load, Captain Poague, observing
+more than an ordinary degree of hilarity among some of the men, had the
+wagon searched, the brandy brought forth, confiscated, and emptied on
+the ground. Martin, greatly outraged at the illtreatment of a fellow-son
+of Erin, and still more so at the loss of so much good liquor, forthwith
+resolved to take his revenge on the Captain by taking "French leave."
+
+To escape the vigilance of provost-guards and deserter-hunters, he made
+his way to the foothills of the North Mountain, and in the course of
+his journey stumbled on a still-house in one of its secluded glens. To
+the proprietor, who was making a run of apple-brandy, and who proved to
+be "a man after me own heart," Martin imparted his grievances. "I tould
+him," said he, "I hadn't a cint, but he poured me a tin chuck-full. With
+thanks in me eyes I turned off the whole of it, then kindled me pipe and
+stood close by the still. Ah! me lad, how the liquor wint through me! In
+thray minits I didn't care a domn for all the captins in old Stonewall's
+army!"
+
+With various adventures he made his way home, returned to the company of
+his own accord, was wounded at Gettysburg, captured, and spent the
+remainder of war-time in prison.
+
+Rader, who drove the lead-horses at my gun almost throughout the war, is
+mentioned elsewhere, but his record, as well as his pranks and drollery,
+coupled with his taciturnity, were interesting. While sitting on his
+saddle-horse in one battle he was knocked full length to the ground by a
+bursting shell. When those nearby ran to pick him up they asked if he
+was much hurt. "No," he said, "I am just skeered to death." At
+Sharpsburg, while lying down, holding his gray mares, a shell tore a
+trench close alongside of him and hoisted him horizontally into the air.
+On recovering his feet he staggered off, completely dazed by the
+concussion. In the first battle of Fredericksburg he was struck and
+disabled for a time. At Gettysburg, as the same animals, frightened by
+a bursting shell, wheeled to run, he seized the bridle of the leader
+just as it was struck by a shell, which burst at the moment, instantly
+killing the two grays and the two horses next to them, and stunning
+Rader as before. But, with all of his close calls, his skin was never
+broken. Instead of currying his horses during the time allotted for that
+work he seemed to occupy himself teaching them "tricks," but his was the
+best-groomed team in the battery.
+
+While on guard one cold night, as the wagon drivers were sleeping
+quietly on a bed of loose straw near a blazing fire, I saw Rader creep
+up stealthily and apply a torch at several places, wait until it was
+well ignited, and then run and yell "Fire!" then repeat the sport an
+hour later. Vanpelt carried an enormous knapsack captured from Banks and
+branded "10th Maine." While halting on the march it was Rader's
+amusement, especially when some outsider was passing by, to set his
+whip-stock as a prop under it, go through the motions of grinding, and
+rattle off the music of a hand-organ with his mouth until chased away by
+his victim. He mysteriously vanished from Rockbridge after the war, and
+has never since been located.
+
+One of the most striking characters in the company was "General" Jake,
+as we called him, whose passion for war kept him always in the army,
+while his aversion to battle kept him always in the rear. After serving
+a year with us, being over military age, he got a discharge, but soon
+joined the Rockbridge cavalry as a substitute, where six legs, instead
+of two, afforded three-fold opportunities. An interview between the
+"General" and one of our company, as he viewed the former and was struck
+with his appearance, was as follows:
+
+"Well, 'General,' you are the most perfect-looking specimen of a soldier
+I ever beheld. That piercing eye, the grizzly mustache, the firm jaw,
+the pose of the head, that voice--in fact, the whole make-up fills to
+the full the measure of a man of war."
+
+The "General," with a graceful bow and a deep roll in his voice,
+replied, "Sire, in enumerating the items which go to constitute a great
+general I notice the omission of one requisite, the absence of which in
+my outfit lost to the cause a genius in council and a mighty leader in
+battle."
+
+"What was that, 'General'?"
+
+"Sire, it goes by the name of Cour-ridge."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Estimates of things are governed by comparison, and no better idea of
+the Southern army could be had than that given by a knowledge of its
+numbers, equipment, etc., as compared with those of its adversary
+throughout the four years of the war. This can be illustrated by a
+sketch of the Rockbridge Artillery in that respect, beginning with its
+entrance into service, as a type of the whole army.
+
+The guns with which this company set out from Lexington were two
+smooth-bore six-pound brass pieces used by Stonewall Jackson for
+drilling the cadets at the Virginia Military Institute, which were
+coupled together and drawn by one pair of horses to Staunton. I must
+pause here and relate an incident which occurred at that period, in
+which these guns played a part. Among the cadets was one--Hountsell--who
+was considered as great an enigma as Jackson himself. In some of the
+various evolutions of the drill it was necessary for the cadets to trot.
+This gait Hountsell failed to adopt, and was reported to the
+superintendent with the specification "for failing to trot." Hountsell
+handed in his written excuse as follows, "I am reported by Major Jackson
+for failing, at artillery drill, to trot. My excuse is, I am a natural
+pacer." It would be interesting to know the workings of Stonewall's mind
+when perusing this reply.
+
+After reaching Harper's Ferry two more six-pound brass pieces were
+received for this battery from Richmond. As there were no caissons for
+these four guns, farm-wagons were used, into which boxes of ammunition,
+together with chests containing rations for the men, were loaded. In
+addition to friction-primers of modern invention at that time for firing
+cannon, the old-time "slow matches" and "port-fires" were in stock. So
+that, in preparing for battle with General Patterson's army at
+Hainesville on July 2, 1861, the ammunition-boxes, provision-chests,
+etc., being loaded indiscriminately into the same wagon, were all taken
+out and placed on the ground. The "port-fire," adjusted in a brass tube
+on the end of a wooden stick, was lighted, and the stick stuck in the
+ground by the gun, to give a light in case the friction-primer failed.
+This provision was due to the fact that Captain Pendleton was familiar
+with the "port-fire," in vogue when he attended West Point. On finding
+that the friction-primer was reliable, the "port-fires" were left
+sticking in the ground when the guns withdrew, and were captured and
+taken as curiosities by the Federals.
+
+After returning to Winchester, ammunition-chests were ordered to be made
+by a carpenter of the town. Gen. Joe Johnston, then in command of the
+forces, went in person with Lieutenant Poague, and, as the latter
+expressed it, reprimanded this carpenter most unmercifully for his
+tardiness in the work. The chests were then quickly completed and placed
+on wagon-gears, which outfits served as caissons, and thus equipped the
+battery marched to and fought at first Manassas. From captures there
+made, these crude contrivances were replaced with regular caissons, and
+for two of the six-pound brass pieces two rifled ten-pound Parrotts were
+substituted and two heavier six-pound brass pieces added, making a
+six-gun battery. Also the farm-wagon harness was exchanged for regular
+artillery harness.
+
+The revolution in the character of Confederate field ordnance
+thenceforward continued, and every new and improved weapon we had to
+confront in one battle we had to wield against our foes, its inventors,
+in the next.
+
+For a short time previous to and in the battle of Kernstown the battery
+had eight guns, two of which, made at the Tredegar Works in Richmond,
+were of very inferior quality and were soon discarded. The long and
+trying campaign of 1862 gradually reduced the number of guns to four,
+two of which were twenty-pound Parrotts captured at Harper's Ferry, one
+a twelve-pound Napoleon captured at Richmond, and one a six-pound brass
+piece. The two last were replaced by two more twenty-pound Parrotts
+captured from Milroy at Winchester in June, 1863. Each of these guns
+required a team of eight horses and as many to a caisson. They were
+recaptured at Deep Bottom below Richmond in July, 1864.
+
+The battery's connection with the Stonewall Brigade was severed October
+1, at the close of the memorable campaign of 1862, and under the new
+regime became a part of the First Regiment Virginia Artillery, commanded
+by Col. J. Thompson Brown, afterward by Col. R. A. Hardaway. This
+regiment was made up of the second and third companies of Richmond
+Howitzers, the Powhatan battery commanded by Captain Dance, the Roanoke
+battery commanded by Captain Griffin, and Rockbridge battery commanded
+by Captain Graham, with four guns to each of the five batteries.
+
+Our new companions proved to be a fine lot of men, and with them many
+strong and lasting friendships were formed.
+
+An idea of the spirit with which the Southern people entered into the
+war can best be conveyed by some account of the wild enthusiasm created
+by the troops and the unbounded hospitality lavished upon them as they
+proceeded to their destinations along the border.
+
+The Rockbridge Artillery traveled by rail from Staunton to Strasburg. On
+their march of eighteen miles from there to Winchester they were
+preceded by the "Grayson Dare-devils" of Virginia, one hundred strong,
+armed with Mississippi rifles and wearing red-flannel shirts. A mile or
+two in advance of this company was the Fourth Alabama Regiment,
+numbering eight hundred men. The regiment, on its arrival at Newtown, a
+small village six miles from Winchester, was provided by the citizens
+with a sumptuous dinner. Then the "Dare-devils" were likewise
+entertained; but still the supplies and hospitality of the people were
+not exhausted, as the battery, on its arrival, was served with a
+bountiful meal.
+
+When the battery reached Winchester their two small guns were stored for
+the night in a warehouse, and the men lodged and entertained in private
+houses. On the following day the company went by rail to Harper's Ferry,
+arriving there after dark. The place was then under command of Col. T.
+J. Jackson, who was soon after superseded by Gen. Joseph E. Johnston.
+The trains over the B. & O. Railroad were still running. Evidences of
+the John Brown raid were plainly visible, and the engine-house in which
+he and his men barricaded themselves and were captured by the marines,
+commanded by Col. R. E. Lee, of the United States Army, stood as at the
+close of that affair.
+
+One or both sections of the battery were often engaged in picket service
+along the Potomac between Shepherdstown and Williamsport, in connection
+with the Second Virginia Regiment, which was composed of men from the
+adjoining counties. Their camps and bivouacs were constantly visited by
+the neighboring people, especially ladies, who came by the score in
+carriages and otherwise, provided with abundant refreshments for the
+inner man. As described by those who participated in it all, the days
+passed as a series of military picnics, in which there was no suspicion
+or suggestion of the serious times that were to follow. During the
+progress of the war, while these outward demonstrations, of necessity,
+diminished, the devotion on the part of the grand women of that
+war-swept region only increased.
+
+I have not undertaken to describe scenes or relate incidents which
+transpired in the battery before I became a member of it. But there is
+one scene which was often referred to by those who witnessed it which is
+worthy of mention. It occurred in the fall of 1861, near Centerville,
+when a portion of the army, under Gen. Joe Johnston, was returning from
+the front, where an attack had been threatened, and was passing along
+the highway. A full moon was shining in its splendor, lighting up the
+rows of stacked arms, parks of artillery, and the white tents which
+dotted the plain on either side. As column after column, with bands
+playing and bayonets glistening, passed, as it were, in review, there
+came, in its turn, the First Maryland Regiment headed by its drum corps
+of thirty drums rolling in martial time. Next came the First Virginia
+Regiment with its superb band playing the "Mocking-Bird," the shrill
+strains of the cornet, high above the volume of the music, pouring forth
+in exquisite clearness the notes of the bird. Scarcely had this melody
+passed out of hearing when there came marching by, in gallant style, the
+four batteries of the Washington Artillery, of New Orleans, with
+officers on horseback and cannoneers mounted on the guns and caissons,
+all with sabers waving in cadence to the sound of their voices, singing,
+in its native French, "The Marseillaise," that grandest of all national
+airs.
+
+The younger generation cannot comprehend, and express surprise that the
+old soldiers never forget and are so wrought up by the recollections of
+their war experiences; but to have participated in a scene such as this
+will readily explain why a soul should thrill at its recurring mention.
+
+In 1883, nearly twenty years after the war, I was called to Cumberland,
+Maryland, on business. By reason of a reunion of the Army of the
+Cumberland being held there at the time, the hotels were crowded,
+making it necessary for me to find accommodations in a boarding-house.
+Sitting around the front door of the house, as I entered, were half a
+dozen Federal soldiers discussing war-times. The window of the room to
+which I was assigned opened immediately over where the men sat, and as I
+lay in bed I heard them recount their experiences in battle after battle
+in which I had taken part. It stirred me greatly. Next morning they had
+gone out when I went down to breakfast, but I told the lady of the house
+of my interest in their talk of the previous night. At noon the same
+party was sitting in the hall, having finished their dinners, as I
+passed through to mine. They greeted me cordially and said, "We heard of
+what you said about overhearing us last night; take a seat and let's
+discuss old times." My answer was, "I have met you gentlemen already on
+too many battlefields with an empty stomach, so wait till I get my
+dinner." With a hearty laugh this was approved of, and I joined them
+soon after. Most of them were from Ohio and West Virginia. They said,
+though, as I was but one against six, to say what I pleased; and for an
+hour or more we discussed, good-humoredly, many scenes of mutual
+interest.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following lines are recalled from Merrick's songs:
+
+   "Och hone, by the man in the moon!
+   You taze me all ways that a woman can plaze;
+   For you dance twice as high with that thief, Pat McGhee,
+   As you do when you're dancing a jig, Love, with me;
+   Though the piper I'd bate, for fear the old chate
+   Wouldn't play you your favorite chune.
+
+   "Och hone, don't provoke me to do it,
+   For there are girls by the score
+   That would have me and more.
+   Sure there's Katy Nale, that would jump if I'd say,
+   'Katy Nale, name the day.'
+   And though you are fresh and fair as the flowers in May,
+   And she's short and dark as a cowld winter's day,
+   If you don't repent before Easter, when Lent
+   Is over, I'll marry for spite."
+
+
+SAINT PATRICK
+
+   "A fig for St. Denis of France!
+     He's a trumpery fellow to brag on.
+   A fig for St. George and his lance!
+     Who splitted a heathenish dragon.
+   The saints of the Welshman and Scot
+     Are a pair of pitiful pipers,
+   Both of whom may just travel to pot,
+     Compared with the patron of swipers--
+   St. Patrick of Ireland, my boy!
+
+   "Och! he came to the Emerald Isle
+     On a lump of a paving-stone mounted;
+   The steamboat he beat by a mile,
+     Which mighty good sailing was counted.
+   Said he, 'The salt-water, I think,
+     Makes me most bloodily thirsty,
+   So fetch me a flagon of drink
+     To wash down the mullygrubs, burst ye!
+   A drink that is fit for a saint.'
+
+   "The pewter he lifted _in sport_,
+     And, believe me, I tell you no fable,
+   A gallon he drank from the quart
+     And planted it down on the table.
+   'A miracle!' every one cried,
+     And they all took a pull at the stingo.
+   They were capital hands at the trade,
+     And they drank till they fell; yet, by jingo!
+   The pot still frothed over the brim.
+
+   "'Next day,' quoth his host, 'is a fast
+     And there is naught in my larder but mutton.
+   On Friday who would serve such repast,
+     Except an unchristianlike glutton?'
+   Says Pat, 'Cease your nonsense, I beg;
+     What you tell me is nothing but gammon.
+   Take my compliments down to the leg
+     And bid it walk hither, a salmon.'
+   The leg most politely complied.
+
+   "Oh! I suppose you have heard, long ago,
+     How the snakes, in a manner quite antic,
+   He marched from the County Mayo
+     And trundled them into the Atlantic.
+   So not to use water for drink,
+     The people of Ireland determined.
+   And for a mighty good reason, I think,
+     Since St. Patrick has filled it with vermin
+   And vipers and other such stuff.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+   "The people, with wonderment struck
+     At a pastor so pious and civil,
+   Cried, 'We are for you, my old buck!
+     And we'll pitch our blind gods to the devil
+   Who dwells in hot water below.'
+
+   "Och! he was an iligant blade
+     As you'd meet from Fairhead to Killkrumper,
+   And, though under the sod he is laid,
+     Here goes his health in a bumper!
+   I wish he was here, that my glass
+     He might, by art-magic, replenish--
+   But as he is not, why, alas!
+     My ditty must come to a finish,
+   Because all the liquor is out."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE SECOND ROCKBRIDGE ARTILLERY
+
+The second Rockbridge Artillery Company, organized July 10, 1861, like
+the first Rockbridge Artillery, was commanded by a clergyman, the Rev.
+John Miller, of Princeton, New Jersey, as captain. In honor of his
+wife's sister, Miss Lily McDowell, daughter of Governor McDowell, of
+Virginia, who furnished in large part the outfit of this company, it was
+named "McDowell Guards." She also paid a bounty to a youth under
+military age to serve as her personal representative in this company.
+Miss McDowell afterward became the wife of Major Bernard Wolfe, whose
+service with the Rockbridge Battery has been mentioned.
+
+Owing to lack of artillery equipment, the McDowell Guards served as
+infantry until January, 1862, in the Fifty-second Virginia Regiment, in
+West Virginia. I heard Captain Miller relate this anecdote, which
+occurred in the battle of Alleghany Mountain, December 12, 1861: A boy
+in his company was having a regular duel with a Federal infantryman,
+whose shots several times passed close to the boy's head. Finally, when
+a bullet knocked his hat off, he defiantly called out to his adversary,
+"Hey! You didn't git me that time, nuther. You didn't git me nary a
+time!"
+
+In the early part of 1862 the McDowell Guards secured artillery and did
+excellent service in McIntosh's battalion of A. P. Hill's corps until
+the close of the war.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVII
+
+OAKLAND--RETURN TO CAMP--OFF DUTY AGAIN--THE RACE FROM NEW MARKET TO
+FORT GILMORE--ATTACK ON FORT HARRISON--WINTER-QUARTERS ON THE
+LINES--VISITS TO RICHMOND
+
+
+The desolation and dejection of the people of Lexington hastened my
+departure, but before returning to the army I spent two weeks most
+delightfully at "Oakland," the hospitable home of Mrs. Cocke, in
+Cumberland County, Virginia. This was the last opportunity I had of
+enjoying the "old plantation life," the like of which can never again be
+experienced. It was an ideal life, the comforts and advantages of which
+only those who followed it could appreciate. Two of Mrs. Cocke's sons,
+who had passed many years at school and college in Lexington, were at
+home--one on sick-leave; the other, still a youth, equipping himself for
+the cavalry service, which he soon entered. William, the eldest son, had
+been killed at Gettysburg and his body never recovered.
+
+Every day at twelve o'clock sharp delicious watermelons were brought
+from the icehouse to the shade of the stately oaks which adorned the
+spacious lawn; then, two hours later, after a sumptuous dinner, a
+small darky brought from the kitchen a shovel of coals (matches were not
+a Southern product) to light our pipes. So the time passed. It was to
+this hospitable home that General Lee retired with his family
+immediately after Appomattox, and was living on this estate when he
+accepted the presidency of Washington College.
+
+[Illustration: ROBERT FRAZER]
+
+My wounds being now sufficiently, or rather temporarily, healed, I
+embarked about bedtime at Cartersville on the canal packet boat. On my
+way to a berth in the cabin I noticed, by the dim light, a
+striking-looking man clad in white lying in his berth. On the deck of
+the boat were a score or more of negroes, male and female, singing so
+boisterously that the other passengers could not sleep. Such conduct at
+this time was felt to be significant, and the more so as the officers of
+the boat refrained from interfering. Without intimation there was a leap
+from my neighboring bunk, a hurried scramble up the stairway, followed
+by a volley of--secular language, with a demand for instantaneous choice
+between "dead silence and dead niggers." Thenceforward stillness
+prevailed, broken at intervals when the plaintive windings of the packet
+horn, rising and falling with the motion of the tandem team, heralded
+our approach to a lock. Who that ever boarded that ancient craft, or
+dwelt within its sound, will cease to recall the associations awakened
+by the voice of the old packet horn?
+
+Next morning I recognized my fellow-countyman, Bob Greenlee, of the
+First Virginia Cavalry, as the man whose eloquence had terrorized the
+negroes. Greenlee has been aptly styled "a rare bird," and the accounts
+he gave of experiences during his sick-leave, from which he was now
+returning, were as good as "David Harum."
+
+I found the battery stationed at New Market, on the north side of the
+James, near Dutch Gap. During my absence it had suffered the only
+serious loss of the kind it had experienced during the war--the capture
+of all four of its twenty-pound Parrott guns at Deep Bottom. The horses,
+as usual, had been taken to the rear for safety. The infantry support
+had been out-flanked, leaving our guns almost surrounded, so that the
+cannoneers escaped with difficulty--only one of them, Andrew Darnall,
+being captured.
+
+The ranks of the company had been considerably depleted by chills and
+fever, so prevalent in that swampy region, and one death had
+occurred--that of John Gibbs, a most excellent soldier. Less than a
+week's sojourn was sufficient to poison my blood and reopen an old wound
+received two years before. I was sent to Richmond, but twenty-four
+hours' experience in a hospital among the sick, the wounded, and the
+dying induced me to get a discharge and work my way, by hook and crook,
+back to Oakland, where I underwent a severe visitation of chills and
+fever. This, however, was soon broken up by quinine, and I again
+rejoined the battery.
+
+The summer now drawing to a close had been a most trying one, and the
+future offered no sign of relief. The situation was one of simply
+waiting to be overwhelmed. That the fighting spirit was unimpaired was
+demonstrated in every encounter, notably the one on July 30, at The
+Crater, near Petersburg.
+
+During the night of September 28 there was heard the continued rumbling
+of wheels and the tramp of large forces of the enemy crossing on the
+pontoon bridges from the south to the north side of the James. At dawn
+next morning we hurriedly broke camp, as did Gary's brigade of cavalry
+camped close by, and scarcely had time to reach high ground and unlimber
+before we were attacked. The big gaps in our lines, entirely undefended,
+were soon penetrated, and the contest quickly became one of speed to
+reach the shorter line of fortifications some five miles nearer to and
+in sight of Richmond. The break through our lines was on our right,
+which placed the Federals almost in our rear, so that a detour of
+several miles on our part was necessary. On the principle that the
+chased dog is generally the fleetest, we succeeded in reaching the
+breastworks, a short distance to the left of Fort Gilmore, with all four
+guns, now ten-pound Parrotts, followed by the straggling cannoneers much
+exhausted. I vividly recall George Ginger, who was No. 1 at one of the
+guns, as he came trotting in with the gun-rammer on his shoulder, which
+he had carried five miles through brush and brake for want of time to
+replace it on the gun-carriage.
+
+Much has been written about the defense of Fort Gilmore, and much
+controversy as to who deserved the credit. The fact that a superb fight
+was made was fully apparent when we entered the fort an hour later,
+while the negroes who made the attack were still firing from behind
+stumps and depressions in the cornfield in front, to which our artillery
+replied with little effect. The Fort was occupied by about sixty men
+who, I understood, were Mississippians. The ditch in front was eight or
+ten feet deep and as many in width. Into it, urged on by white officers,
+the negroes leaped, and to scale the embankment on the Fort side climbed
+on each other's shoulders, and were instantly shot down as their heads
+appeared above it. The ground beyond was strewn with dead and wounded. A
+full regiment had preceded us into the Fort, but the charge on it had
+been repulsed by the small force before its arrival.
+
+Next morning we counted twenty-three dead negroes in the ditch, the
+wounded and prisoners having previously been removed. There was great
+lamentation among them when "Corporal Dick" fell. He was a conspicuous
+leader, jet black, and bald as a badger. A mile to the right of Fort
+Gilmore and one-fourth of a mile in advance of our line of breastworks
+was Fort Harrison, which was feebly garrisoned by reserves. This force
+had been overpowered and the Fort taken by the Federals. Two days
+later, and after it had been completely manned with infantry and
+artillery, an unsuccessful attempt was made to recapture it, of which we
+had a full view. The attack was made by Colquitt's and Anderson's
+brigades, while General Lee stood on the parapet of Fort Gilmore with
+field-glass in hand, waving his hat and cheering lustily. Of course our
+loss in killed, wounded, and captured was very heavy. This ended the
+fighting, except sharpshooting, on the north side of the James.
+
+During our stay in Fort Gilmore a company of Reserves from Richmond took
+the place of the regular infantry. They were venerable-looking old
+gentlemen--lawyers, business men, etc., dressed in citizens' clothes. In
+order to accustom them to the service, we supposed, they were frequently
+roused during the night to prepare for battle. After several repetitions
+of this they concluded, about two o'clock one night, that it was useless
+to retire again and go through the same performance, so a party of them
+kindled a fire and good-humoredly sat around in conversation on various
+subjects, one of which was infant baptism. My bedfellow, Tom Williamson,
+a bachelor under twenty years of age, being deeply interested in this
+question, of paramount importance at this time, forthwith left his bunk,
+and from that time until daylight theology was in the air.
+
+Our battery changed from the Fort to a position one-fourth of a mile to
+the left of it, the two sections being placed a hundred yards apart,
+where we remained until March.
+
+It seems remarkable even now, after a lapse of over forty years, that
+under such conditions and without the slightest reasonable hope of
+ultimate success we could have passed six months, including a severe
+winter, not only moderately comfortable, but ofttimes with real
+pleasure. Huts and hovels of as varied architecture as the scarcity of
+material at our disposal could be shaped into, rose above or descended
+below the ground. The best shelters were built of pine logs six or eight
+inches in diameter, split in half, with the bark-side out. From a swamp
+a quarter of a mile in the rear, in which the trees had been previously
+felled for military operations, we carried our fuel. Several hundred
+negroes had been impressed, in neighboring counties within Confederate
+lines, to work on the adjacent fortifications, which, by their industry,
+soon became very strong. In our immediate front, manning the Federal
+works, were negro troops whose voices could be distinctly heard in darky
+songs and speech, and their camp-fires were in full view.
+
+It was at this time that General Early was distinguishing himself in the
+Shenandoah Valley with repeated defeats in battle, the first news of
+which reached us in a peculiar way; that is, when the news reached
+Grant's lines a shotted salute in celebration was fired at us, thus
+"killing two birds with one stone." These volleys of shot and shell
+produced consternation among the negroes working on our fortifications.
+Panic-stricken, they would break for the rear, casting aside picks,
+shovels, or anything that retarded speed; and to get them and their
+scattered tools gathered up after such a stampede required several days.
+I was requested, by a negro who had just experienced one of these
+escapades, to write a letter for him to his home people. He dictated as
+follows:
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"My dear Wife: I take this opportunity of taking you down a few words
+and telling you of the terrible bumming we was under yesterday. The
+shells fell fast as hail and lightened as from a cloud, and we had a
+smart run. Give my love to Mammy and tell her how we is sufferin' for
+somethin' to eat."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Then followed some other pieces of news; then love to various kinsmen,
+with a message to each of how they were "sufferin' for somethin' to
+eat."
+
+The space between the two sections of our battery was occupied by
+infantry. I particularly remember the Nineteenth Georgia Regiment, a
+game body of men, whose excellent band furnished us fine music. It was
+ordered, during the winter, to North Carolina and lost--killed in battle
+soon after--its colonel and adjutant, Neil and Turner. A mile in rear of
+our lines stood a church, a substantial frame building, which, for want
+of better use, was converted into a theater. As in the recent drafting
+every department of life had been invaded, a very respectable element
+of a histrionic turn was to be found in the ranks. The stage scenery, as
+one would imagine, was not gaudy and, of course, did not afford
+equipment for high art in the strict sense; but the doleful conditions
+of home life now in vogue in the South and the desperate straits for
+food and existence in camp afforded a fund of amusement to those of us
+who were inclined to pluck sport from hopeless conditions.
+
+One of the performers--named Nash--was a first-rate comedian. As an
+interlude he gave a representation of an attempt made by the people to
+furnish the army a Christmas dinner. To give an idea of what a failure
+such an undertaking would naturally be, when the people themselves were
+almost destitute, one thin turkey constituted the share for a regiment
+close by us, while our battery did not get so much as a doughnut. Nash,
+in taking the thing off, appeared on the stage with a companion to
+propound leading questions, and, after answering one query after
+another, to explain the meaning of his droll conduct, drew his hand from
+the side pocket of his blouse and, with his head thrown back and mouth
+wide open, poured a few dry cracker crumbs down his throat. When asked
+by the ringman what that act signified, he drawled out, in lugubrious
+tones, "Soldier eating Christmas dinner!" The righteous indignation
+produced among the few citizens by such sacrilegious use of a church
+soon brought our entertainments to a close.
+
+Our time was frequently enlivened by visits to Richmond. By getting a
+twenty-four-hour leave we could manage to spend almost forty-eight hours
+in the city. On a pass--dated, for instance, January 13--we could leave
+camp immediately after reveille and return in time for reveille on the
+fifteenth.
+
+That this would be the last winter that Richmond would be the capital of
+the Confederacy, or that the Confederacy itself would be in existence,
+was a feeling experienced by all, but was too painful a subject for
+general discussion. The gaiety of the place under such conditions,
+viewed at this remote day, seems astonishing. There the Confederate
+Congress and the Virginia Legislature held their sessions; and there
+were the numerous employees of State and Nation, and refugees from
+various parts of the South, and, besides, it was the great manufacturing
+center of that section, employing mechanics and artisans of every
+calling. For four years this mixed multitude had listened to the thunder
+of cannon almost at their doors, and had seen old men and boys called
+out by day and by night to meet some extraordinary emergency, while it
+was no uncommon occurrence for hundreds of sick, wounded, and dead men
+to be borne through the streets to the overflowing hospitals and
+cemeteries. One surprising feature of it was to see how readily all
+adapted themselves to such a life.
+
+My first social visit, in company with my messmate, James Gilmer, of
+Charlottesville, Virginia, was to call on some lady friends, formerly of
+Winchester. We found these ladies starting to an egg-nog at the house of
+some friends--the Misses Munford--with instructions to invite their
+escorts. This position we gladly accepted, and were soon ushered into
+the presence of some of the celebrated beauties of Richmond, and were
+entertained as graciously as if we had been officers of high rank. The
+climax of this visit was as we were returning to camp the next
+afternoon. We overtook Tazwell McCorkle, of Lynchburg, the only member
+of our company who could afford the luxury of being married and having
+his wife nearby. He had just received a box from home, and invited us to
+go with him to his wife's boarding-house and partake of its contents.
+While enjoying and expressing our appreciation of the good things,
+McCorkle told us of the impression the sight of old-time luxuries had
+made on their host, Mr. Turner, a devout old Baptist, who, with uplifted
+hands, exclaimed, as it first met his gaze, "Pound-cake, as I pray to be
+saved!"
+
+Since the burning of the Virginia Military Institute barracks, by Hunter
+at Lexington, the school had been transferred to Richmond and occupied
+the almshouse. This, on my visits to the city, I made my headquarters,
+and, preparatory to calling on my lady acquaintances, was kindly
+supplied with outfits in apparel by my friends among the professors.
+Having developed, since entering the service, from a mere youth in size
+to a man of two hundred pounds, to fit me out in becoming style was no
+simple matter. I recall one occasion when I started out on my
+visiting-round, wearing Frank Preston's coat, Henry Wise's trousers, and
+Col. John Ross's waistcoat, and was assured by my benefactors that I
+looked like a brigadier-general. Sometimes as many as four or six of our
+company, having leave of absence at the same time, would rendezvous to
+return together in the small hours of the night, through Rocketts, where
+"hold-ups" were not uncommon, and recount our various experiences as we
+proceeded campward.
+
+Indications of the hopelessness of the Confederacy had, by midwinter,
+become very much in evidence, with but little effort at concealment.
+Conferences on the subject among the members of companies and regiments
+were of almost daily occurrence, in which there was much discussion as
+to what course should be pursued when and after the worst came. Many
+resolutions were passed in these meetings, avowing the utmost loyalty to
+the cause, and the determination to fight to the death. In one regiment
+not far from our battery a resolution was offered which did not meet the
+approbation of all concerned, and was finally passed in a form qualified
+thus, "Resolved, that in case our army is overwhelmed and broken up, we
+will bushwhack them; that is, some of us will."
+
+Notwithstanding all this apprehension, scant rations and general
+discomfort, the pluck and spirit of the great majority of our men
+continued unabated. To give an idea of the insufficiency of the rations
+we received at this time, the following incident which I witnessed will
+suffice: Immediately after finishing his breakfast, one of our company
+invested five dollars in five loaves of bread. After devouring three of
+them, his appetite was sufficiently appeased to enable him to negotiate
+the exchange of one of the two remaining for enough molasses to sweeten
+the other, which he ate at once. These loaves, which were huckstered
+along the lines by venders from Richmond, it must be understood, were
+not full-size, but a compromise between a loaf and a roll.
+
+Desertions were of almost nightly occurrence, and occasionally a
+half-dozen or more of the infantry on the picket line would go over in a
+body to the enemy and give themselves up. The Federals, who had material
+and facilities for pyrotechnic displays, one night exhibited in glaring
+letters of fire:
+
+   "While the lamp holds out to burn,
+   The vilest rebel may return."
+
+Toward the latter part of March our battery moved half a mile back of
+the line of breastworks. Two or more incidents recall, very distinctly
+to my memory, the camp which we there occupied. The colored boy Joe, who
+had cooked for my mess when rations were more abundant, was on hand
+again to pay his respects and furnish music for our dances. If we had
+been tramping on a hard floor never a sound of his weak violin could
+have been heard; but on the soft, pine tags we could go through the
+mazes of a cotillion, or the lancers, with apparently as much life as if
+our couples had been composed of the two sexes. The greatest difficulty
+incurred, in having a game of ball, was the procurement of a ball that
+would survive even one inning. One fair blow from the bat would
+sometimes scatter it into so many fragments that the batter would claim
+that there were not enough remains caught by any one fielder to put him
+out.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII
+
+EVACUATION OF RICHMOND--PASSING THROUGH RICHMOND BY NIGHT--THE
+RETREAT--BATTLE OF SAILOR'S CREEK--BATTLE OF CUMBERLAND CHURCH
+
+
+While here, in the midst of our gaiety, came the news of the breaking of
+our lines near Petersburg, and with this a full comprehension of the
+fact that the days of the Confederacy were numbered. I was in Richmond
+on Sunday, April 2, and escorted to church a young lady whose looks and
+apparel were in perfect keeping with the beautiful spring day. The
+green-checked silk dress she wore looked as fresh and unspotted as if it
+had just run the blockade. As the church we attended was not the one at
+which the news of the disaster had been handed to President Davis, our
+services were not interrupted, nor did I hear anything of it until I had
+parted with her at her home and gone to the house of a relative, Dr.
+Randolph Page's, to dine. There I learned that a fierce battle had been
+fought at Five Forks, on the extreme right of our line, in which the
+Federals had gotten possession of the railroads by which our army was
+supplied with food. This, of course, necessitated the abandonment of
+both Richmond and Petersburg.
+
+As I passed along the streets in the afternoon there was nothing to
+indicate a panicky feeling; in fact, there was rather less commotion
+than usual, but much, no doubt, within doors.
+
+On arriving at camp I was the first to bring tidings of what had
+occurred to the company, and observed the varying effect produced on the
+different members, officers and men. To some it came as relief after
+long suspense, while others seemed hopelessly cast down and dejected.
+Orders to prepare to move soon followed, and our march to and through
+Richmond began with only two of our four guns, the other two being left
+behind for want of horses.
+
+We reached the city shortly before midnight, and, with Estill Waddell,
+of our battalion, I passed by the home of some friends, who, we found,
+had retired for the night. In response to my call, the head of the house
+appeared at an upper window. I had with me the few valuables I
+possessed, among them the brass button worn on my jacket and indented by
+the shell at second Cold Harbor. These I tossed into the yard, with the
+request that he would keep them for me. And, some months after the war,
+the package was sent to me in Lexington.
+
+We could now see and realize what the evacuation of Richmond involved.
+Waddell had learned that his brother James, adjutant of the
+Twenty-fourth Virginia Infantry, had been wounded the day before at
+Petersburg, and was in the Chimborazo Hospital. At this we soon
+arrived, and entered a large apartment with low ceiling and brilliantly
+lighted. On row after row of cots lay wounded men, utterly oblivious and
+indifferent to the serious conditions that disturbed those of us who
+realized what they were. Nurses and attendants were extremely scarce,
+and as deep silence prevailed as if each cot contained a corpse.
+
+After a search of a few moments Waddell recognized his brother in sound
+sleep. His appearance for manly beauty, as we stood over him, surpassed
+that of any figure I have ever seen. His slight, graceful form stretched
+at full length, a snow-white forehead fringed with dark hair, and chin
+resting on his chest, he lay like an artist's model rather than a
+wounded warrior, and the smile with which his brown eyes opened at the
+sound of his brother's voice betokened the awakening from a dream of
+peace and home. On another cot, a few steps farther on, I recognized
+John McClintic, of the Rockbridge Cavalry, and brother of my messmate.
+He was a boy of seventeen, with his arm shattered at the shoulder. On
+the cot next to him lay a man who was dying. McClintic and the others
+near him who could make their wants known were almost famished for
+water, a bucket of which, after much difficulty, we secured for them. On
+the following day this young fellow, rather than be left in the hands of
+the Federals, rode in an ox-cart and walked twenty miles, and finally
+reached his home in Rockbridge.
+
+After leaving the hospital we passed on to Main street and the business
+part of the city, where the scene would remind one of Bulwer's
+description of "The Last Days of Pompeii." The storehouses had been
+broken into and stood wide open, and fires had been kindled out of the
+goods boxes, on the floors, to afford light to plunder. Articles of
+liquid nature, especially intoxicants, had been emptied into the
+gutters, from which such portions as could be rescued were being
+greedily sought.
+
+From dark garrets and cellars the old hags and half-starved younger
+women and children had gathered, and were reaping a harvest such as they
+had never dreamed of. I saw a small boy, with an old, wrinkled, grinning
+woman at his heels, steer a barrel of flour around a corner and into a
+narrow alley with the speed and skill of a roustabout. The fire on the
+floors had not extended to the structures as we passed, but as no one
+seemed in the least concerned or interfered with their progress the
+flames soon put in their work and spread in all directions.
+
+We crossed the James on Mayo's Bridge, following the road in a
+southwesterly direction. With the first appearance of dawn the blowing
+up of the naval vessels in the river began, culminating in a gigantic
+explosion that made the earth tremble. This last was the magazine at
+Drewry's Bluff.
+
+Witnessing such scenes, with a realization of their significance, in
+the early part of our war experience would, no doubt, have been
+hopelessly demoralizing, but now the calmness and fortitude with which
+we took it demonstrated the fact that four years of such schooling had
+seasoned us to meet unflinchingly the most desperate situations. When
+broad daylight came we had the opportunity of seeing some of the
+heterogeneous elements of which Richmond was composed. Disaster had come
+too suddenly to afford time beforehand for the non-combatants to
+migrate, even if there had been safe places to which to flee.
+
+That such looking objects should have undertaken to accompany an army in
+the field, or rather into the fields, indicated what desperate chances
+they were willing to take rather than abandon themselves to a doubtful
+fate by remaining behind. In addition to the city contingent and those
+who garrisoned the forts where heavy ordnance only was used, the line of
+march was joined by the marine department, which had been doing duty on
+the river craft about Dutch Gap, Drewry's and Chaffin's bluffs, etc.
+Altogether, it was a motley combination, which afforded much amusement
+and the usual sallies of wit at each other's expense. The marine element
+was the most striking in appearance, and encumbered with enough baggage
+for a voyage to the North Pole. In three days' time this had all been
+discarded.
+
+After marching day and night the two wings of our army, having been
+separated since the previous summer, united at Amelia Court House,
+about 40 miles from Richmond. Ours--that is, the one from the north side
+of the river--had not been pressed by the enemy up to this point. As if
+in recognition of and to celebrate the reunion, an explosion took place
+far too violent for an ordinary salute. During a short halt, while the
+road was filled with infantry and artillery side by side, we felt the
+earth heave under our feet, followed instantly by a terrific report, and
+then a body of fire and flame, a hundred feet in diameter, shot skyward
+from beyond an intervening copse of woods. It proved to be the blowing
+up of sixty caissons, one hundred and eighty chests of ammunition, which
+could not be hauled farther for want of horses. For a moment the roar
+and concussion produced consternation. Those who were standing crouched
+as if for something to cling to, and those sitting sprang to their feet.
+The Crater affair at Petersburg had not been forgotten, and that we
+should be hurled into space by some infernal eruption flashed into our
+minds.
+
+Provisions had been ordered by General Lee over the railroad from
+Danville to Amelia Court House in readiness for the army on its arrival
+there. By some misunderstanding, or negligence on the part of the
+railroad management, these supplies had gone on to Richmond, so that all
+expectation of satisfying hunger was now gone. Corn on the cob had
+already been issued to the men, which, it may be presumed, was to be
+eaten raw, as no time nor means for parching it was available. Three of
+these "nubbins," which had been preserved, I saw many years after the
+war.
+
+After trudging along, with short halts and making very little progress,
+our battery of only two guns went into park about midnight, but without
+unhitching the horses. After being roused several times from sleep to
+march, I concluded, after the third false alarm, to lie still. When I
+awoke some time later the battery had moved and, in the dim light, I
+failed to find the course it had taken. Following on for some distance I
+came to General Lee's headquarters in a farmhouse by the roadside, and
+was informed by Capt. James Garnett, one of the staff, that the battery
+would soon pass along the road at the point we then were. Sitting down
+with my back against a tree I, of course, fell asleep. From this I was
+shortly roused by rapid firing close by, and saw our wagon-train
+scattered and fleeing across the fields, with horses at a run and hotly
+pursued by Federal cavalry, who, with reins on their horses' necks, were
+firing at them with repeating guns. I was overlooked and passed by in
+the chase as too small game for them.
+
+The road over which I had passed was in the form of a semi-circle, and
+to escape I obliqued across the fields to a point I had gone over an
+hour or two before, where it crossed Sailor's Creek. Along the road,
+ascending the hill on the south side of the creek, I found several
+brigades of our infantry, commanded by Ex-Governor Billy Smith, Gen.
+Custis Lee and Colonel Crutchfield, halted in the road and exposed to a
+sharp artillery fire, which, notwithstanding the fact that the place was
+heavily wooded, was very accurate and searching. Colonel Crutchfield was
+killed here, his head being taken off by a solid shot. This was not a
+comfortable place in which to linger while waiting for the battery, but
+comfortable places in that neighborhood seemed exceedingly scarce.
+
+[Illustration: JOHN M. BROWN]
+
+Very soon my friend, Henry Wise, who was a lieutenant in Huger's
+battalion of artillery, appeared on horseback and informed me that
+almost all of the cannoneers of his battalion had just been captured and
+that he was then in search of men to take their places. I offered my
+services, and, following the directions he gave, soon found his guns,
+and was assigned to a number at one of them by Lieut. George Poindexter,
+another old acquaintance of Lexington.
+
+The infantry at this part of the line was what was left of Pickett's
+division, among whom I recognized and chatted with other old friends of
+the Virginia Military Institute as we sat resignedly waiting for the
+impending storm to burst. The Federal cavalry which had passed me
+previously in pursuit of our wagons, quartermasters, etc., was part of a
+squadron that had gotten in rear of Pickett's men and given General
+Pickett and staff a hot chase for some distance along the line of his
+command. Some of their men and horses were killed in their eagerness to
+overhaul the General. It was perfectly evident that our thin line of
+battle was soon to be assaulted, as the enemy's skirmishers were
+advancing on our front and right flank and his cannon sweeping the
+position from our left. We were not long in suspense. Almost
+simultaneously we were raked by missiles from three directions. To have
+offered resistance would have been sheer folly. In fifteen minutes the
+few survivors of Pickett's immortal division had been run over and
+captured, together with the brigades which were posted on their left.
+
+Lieutenant Wise having failed to receive any other cannoneers to replace
+those previously captured, the guns, without firing a shot, were left
+standing unlimbered. As we started in haste to retire, he and Poindexter
+being mounted, expressed great concern lest I, being on foot, should be
+captured. Just as they left me, however, and while the air seemed filled
+with flying lead and iron, I came upon one of the ambulance corps who
+was trying to lead an unruly horse. It was a Federal cavalry horse,
+whose rider had been killed in pursuit of General Pickett. In the
+horse's efforts to break loose, the two saddles he was carrying had
+slipped from his back and were dangling underneath, which increased his
+fright. I suggested to the man that, to escape capture, he had better
+give me the horse, as he seemed to be afraid to ride him. To this he
+readily assented, and, with his knife, cut one saddle loose, set the
+other on his back, and handed me the halter-strap as I mounted. The
+terrified animal, without bridle or spur, was off like a flash, and in a
+few minutes had carried me out of the melee. I still have and prize the
+saddle. The few who escaped from this affair, known as the battle of
+Sailor's Creek, by retreating a mile north came in proximity to another
+column of our troops marching on a parallel road.
+
+As I rode up I saw General Lee dismounted and standing on a railroad
+embankment, intently observing our fleeing men, who now began to throng
+about him. He very quietly but firmly let them know that it would be
+best not to collect in groups; the importance of which they at once
+understood and acted on.
+
+Approaching night, which on previous occasions, when conditions were
+reversed, had interfered to our disadvantage, now shielded us from
+further pursuit. It can readily be seen what demoralization would follow
+such an exhibition of our utter helplessness. But still there seemed to
+be no alternative but to prolong the agony, although perfectly assured
+that we could not escape death or capture, and that in a very brief
+time. Soon after nightfall I found our battery, which had traveled over
+a shorter and less exposed road, and thereby escaped the adventures
+which had fallen to my lot. Our course was now toward High Bridge, which
+spans the Appomattox River near Farmville. On we toiled throughout the
+night, making very slow progress, but not halting until near noon the
+following day. Under present conditions there were not the ordinary
+inducements to make a halt, as food for man and beast was not in
+evidence. I had not eaten a bite for forty-eight hours. Notwithstanding
+this, and as if to draw attention from our empty stomachs, orders came
+to countermarch and meet a threatened attack on the line in our rear. To
+this the two guns with their detachments promptly responded, reported to
+General Mahone and took part with his division in a spirited battle at
+Cumberland Church.
+
+It has been stated, by those who had opportunities of knowing, that
+Mahone's division was never driven from its position in battle
+throughout the four years of the war. True or not, it held good in this
+case, and those of our battery who took part with them were enthusiastic
+over the gallant fight they made under circumstances that were not
+inspiring. There being a surplus of men to man our two guns, Lieut. Cole
+Davis and Billy McCauley procured muskets and took part with the
+infantry sharpshooters. McCauley was killed. He was a model soldier,
+active and wiry as a cat and tough as a hickory sapling. He had seen
+infantry service before joining our battery, and, as already mentioned,
+had "rammed home" one hundred and seventy-five shells in the first
+battle of Fredericksburg. Another member of our company, Launcelot
+Minor, a boy of less than eighteen years, was shot through the lungs by
+a Minie-ball. Although he was thought to be dying, our old ambulance
+driver, John L. Moore, insisted on putting him into the ambulance, in
+which he eventually hauled him to his home in Albemarle County, fifty or
+sixty miles distant. After some days he regained consciousness,
+recovered entirely, and is now a successful and wealthy lawyer in
+Arkansas, and rejoices in meeting his old comrades at reunions. His
+first meeting with Moore after the incident related above was at a
+reunion of our company in Richmond thirty years after the war, and their
+greeting of each other was a memorable one.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIX
+
+APPOMATTOX
+
+
+Another night was now at hand, and while it might be supposed that
+nothing could be added to intensify the suspense there certainly was
+nothing to allay it. Although there was little left to destroy, we
+passed heaps of burning papers, abandoned wagons, etc., along the
+roadsides.
+
+As each new scene or condition in our lives gives rise to some new and
+corresponding feeling or emotion, our environment at this time was such
+as to evoke sensations of dread and apprehension hitherto unknown.
+Moving parallel with us, and extending its folds like some huge reptile,
+was an army equipped with the best the world could afford--three-fold
+greater in numbers than our own--which in four years had never succeeded
+in defeating us in a general battle, but which we had repeatedly routed
+and driven to cover. Impatient of delay in effecting our overthrow in
+battle, in order to starve us out, marauding bands had scoured the
+country, leaving ashes and desolation in their wake.
+
+That now their opportunity to pay up old scores had come, we fully
+realized, and anticipated with dread the day of reckoning. General
+Grant, who was Commander-in-Chief of all the Federal armies, and at
+present personally in command of the army about us, was by no means
+regarded as a man of mercy. He had positively refused to exchange
+prisoners, thousands of whom on both sides were languishing and dying in
+the hands of their captors. It should be borne in mind, in this
+connection, that the offers to exchange had come from the Confederate
+authorities, and for the last two years of the war had been invariably
+rejected by the Federal Government. In the campaign beginning in May,
+1864, and ending with the evacuation of Richmond, Grant's army had
+sustained a loss greater in number than that of the whole army opposed
+to him.
+
+Among the ranks were foreigners of every nationality. I had seen, as
+prisoners in our hands, a whole brigade of Germans who could not speak a
+word of English. During the preceding winter we had been confronted with
+regiments of our former slaves. Our homes and people we were leaving
+behind to the mercy of these hordes, as if forever.
+
+Another and by no means unimportant consideration was whether to remain
+and meet results with the command, or for each man to shift for himself.
+Setting out from Richmond on the preceding Sunday, with no accumulation
+of vigor to draw on, we had passed a week with food and sleep scarcely
+sufficient for one day; and to cope with such exigencies as now
+confronted us, what a part the stomach does play! All in all, it was a
+situation of a lifetime that will ever abide in the gloomy recesses of
+memory. About eight o'clock on Sunday morning, April 9, as our two guns
+were entering the little village of Appomattox, several cannon-shots
+sounded in quick succession immediately in our front. Without word of
+command we came to our last halt.
+
+Turning out of the road we went into park, unhitched our hungry horses,
+and awaited developments. During the two preceding days several written
+communications had passed between Generals Lee and Grant, of which we
+knew nothing. Our suspense, however, was soon interrupted by the
+appearance of a Confederate officer, accompanied by a Federal officer
+with long, flowing yellow hair, and waving a white handkerchief as they
+galloped by. This was General Custer, of cavalry fame, and the
+conspicuous hero and victim of the Indian massacre, which bore his name,
+in Idaho ten years later.
+
+Several sharp encounters had occurred during the morning, in which our
+men displayed the same unflinching valor, capturing in a charge a
+Federal major-general (Gregg) and two pieces of artillery; but now all
+firing had ceased, and the stillness that followed was oppressive. As
+soon as it became known that General Lee had surrendered, although for
+days it had been perfectly understood that such a result was
+inevitable, there was for a time no little excitement and commotion
+among the men. That we should be subjected to abhorrent humiliation was
+conceived as a matter of course, and, to avoid it, all sorts of efforts
+and plans to escape were discussed. The one controlling influence,
+however, to allay such a feeling was the unbounded and unimpaired
+confidence in General Lee. The conduct and bearing of the men were
+characterized by the same sterling qualities they had always displayed.
+The only exhibition of petulance that I witnessed was by a staff officer
+who bore no scars or other evidence of hardships undergone, but who
+acquired great reputation after the war. He "could not submit to such
+degradation," etc., threw away his spurs and chafed quite dramatically.
+When a bystander suggested that we cut our way out, he objected that we
+had no arms. "We can follow those that have," was the reply, "and use
+the guns of those that fall!" He did not accede to the proposition; but
+later I heard him insist that one of our drivers should let him have his
+spurs, as he, the driver, would have no further use for them; but he did
+not get the spurs.
+
+By noon, or soon thereafter, the terms of the surrender were made
+known--terms so generous, considerate, and unlooked-for as scarcely
+believed to be possible. None of that exposure to the gaze and
+exultation of a victorious foe, such as we had seen pictured in our
+school-books, or as practised by conquering nations in all times. We
+had felt it as not improbable that, after an ordeal of mortifying
+exposure for the gratification of the military, we would be paraded
+through Northern cities for the benefit of jeering crowds. So, when we
+learned that we should be paroled, and go to our homes unmolested, the
+relief was unbounded.
+
+Early in the afternoon General Lee, mounted on "Traveler" and clad in a
+spotless new uniform, passed along on his return from an interview with
+General Grant. I stood close by the roadside, along which many of his
+old soldiers had gathered, in anticipation of his coming, and, in a life
+of more than three-score years, with perhaps more than ordinary
+opportunities of seeing inspiring sights, both of God's and man's
+creation, the impression and effect of General Lee's face and appearance
+as he rode by, hat in hand, stands pre-eminent. A few of the men started
+to cheer, but almost instantly ceased, and stood in silence with the
+others--all with heads bared.
+
+The favorable and entirely unexpected terms of surrender wonderfully
+restored our souls; and at once plans, first for returning to our homes,
+and then for starting life anew, afforded ample interest and
+entertainment. One of the privileges granted in the terms of surrender
+was the retention, by officers and cavalrymen, of their own horses. My
+recent acquisition at Sailor's Creek had put me in possession of a
+horse, but to retain him was the difficulty, as I was neither officer
+nor cavalryman. Buoyed up with the excitement of bursting shells and
+the noise of battle, he had carried me out gamely, but, this over, there
+was but little life in him. I transferred the saddle and bridle to a
+horse abandoned in the road with some artillery, and left my old
+benefactor standing, with limbs wide apart and head down, for his
+original owners.
+
+[Illustration: FAC-SIMILE OF PAROLE SIGNED BY GENERAL PENDLETON]
+
+To accomplish my purpose of going out with a horse, two obstacles had
+first to be overcome. Being only a cannoneer, I was not supposed to own
+a horse, so I must be something else. I laid the case before General
+Pendleton, our old neighbor in Lexington, and my former school-teacher.
+It was rather late to give me a commission, but he at once appointed me
+a courier on his staff, and as such I was paroled, and still have the
+valued little paper, a _fac-simile_ of which is shown opposite.
+
+The next difficulty to be met, the horse I had exchanged for was branded
+C. S., and, even if allowed to pass then, I feared would be confiscated
+later. There was a handsome sorrel, also branded C. S., among our
+battery horses, to which Lieut. Ned Dandridge, of General Pendleton's
+staff, had taken a fancy. For the sorrel he substituted a big, bony
+young bay of his own. I replaced the bay with my C. S. horse, and was
+now equipped for peace. The branded sorrel was soon taken by the
+Federals.
+
+After resting and fattening my bay, I sold him for a good price, and was
+thus enabled to return to Washington College and serve again under
+General Lee.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX
+
+
+Under an act of the General Assembly of Virginia, 1898, the Camps of
+Confederate Veterans, organized in the several cities and towns of the
+Commonwealth, were authorized to prepare lists of the citizens of their
+respective counties who served as soldiers during the war between the
+States, and of those belonging to such companies, and these lists were
+to be duly recorded by the Clerks of the County Courts of the counties
+and kept among the Court Records. The following list is taken from this
+record, and is as nearly accurate as is possible at this date:
+
+
+ROCKBRIDGE ARTILLERY
+
+ROLL OF COMPANY [The names with a star prefixed are the men from
+Rockbridge County.]
+
+The enrollment of the Rockbridge Artillery began April 19, 1861, and by
+the 21st the company numbered about seventy men, and was organized by
+the election of the following officers: Captain, John McCausland; and J.
+Bowyer Brockenbrough, Wm. McLaughlin and Wm. T. Poague, lieutenants.
+Captain McCausland soon thereafter was made lieutenant-colonel and
+ordered to the western part of the State. On the 29th of April the
+company unanimously elected Rev. Wm. N. Pendleton captain.
+
+The company left Lexington for the seat of war May 10, 1861, with two
+small, brass six-pounders obtained at the Virginia Military Institute.
+It was regularly mustered into the Confederate service at Staunton,
+Virginia, on May 11, and at once ordered to Harper's Ferry, where it
+received two more guns. After the First Brigade was organized, under
+Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, the Rockbridge Artillery was assigned to it, and
+continued a component part of the Stonewall Brigade, in touch with and
+occupying the same positions with it in all its battles and skirmishes
+up to Sharpsburg.
+
+Upon the reorganization of the artillery, in October, 1862, the battery
+was assigned to the First Regiment Virginia Artillery, under the command
+of Col. J. Thompson Brown, and continued with it till the close of the
+war. The first fight it was engaged in, and which made a part of its
+history, occurred July 2 near Hainesville, when General Patterson
+crossed the Potomac and advanced on Winchester. But one piece was
+engaged, and this fired the first shot from a Confederate gun in the
+Shenandoah Valley.
+
+The battery had five captains from first to last: First, John
+McCausland, afterward brigadier-general of cavalry; second, Rev. Wm. N.
+Pendleton, D. D., in command from May 1, 1861, until after the first
+battle of Manassas, afterward brigadier-general and chief of artillery
+in the Army of Northern Virginia; third, Wm. McLaughlin, afterward
+lieutenant-colonel of artillery, in command until April 2, 1862; fourth,
+Wm. T. Poague, afterward lieutenant-colonel of artillery, Army of
+Northern Virginia, in command until after the first battle of
+Fredericksburg; fifth, Archibald Graham, from that time until the
+surrender at Appomattox, at which place ninety-three men and officers
+laid down their arms.
+
+This company had the reputation of being one of the finest companies in
+the service. So high was the intellectual quality of the men that
+forty-five were commissioned as officers and assigned to other companies
+in the service. Many of them reached high distinction. At no time during
+the war did this company want for recruits, but it was so popular that
+it always had a list from which it could fill its ranks, which were
+sometimes depleted by its heavy casualties and numerous promotions from
+its roster.
+
+The following officers and men were mustered into the service of the
+Confederate States at Staunton, Virginia, on the 11th day of May, 1861:
+
+*Captain W. N. Pendleton; brigadier-general, chief of artillery A. N. V.;
+paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*First Lieutenant J. B. Brockenbrough; wounded at first Manassas;
+captain Baltimore Artillery, major of artillery A. N. V.
+
+*Second Lieutenant Wm. McLaughlin; captain; lieutenant-colonel of
+artillery.
+
+*Second Lieutenant W. T. Poague; captain; lieutenant-colonel of
+artillery A. N. V.; wounded at second Cold Harbor; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*First Sergeant J. McD. Alexander; lieutenant Rockbridge Artillery;
+entered cavalry.
+
+*Second Sergeant J. Cole Davis; lieutenant Rockbridge Artillery; wounded
+at Port Republic; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Third Sergeant Archibald Graham; lieutenant and captain Rockbridge
+Artillery; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+
+PRIVATES
+
+*Agner, Jos. S.; killed at Fredericksburg December 13, 1862.
+
+*Ayres, Jas.; discharged for physical disability August, 1861.
+
+*Ayres, N. B.; deserted, went into Federal army.
+
+*Anderson, S. D.; killed at Kernstown March 23, 1862.
+
+*Beard, John; killed at Fredericksburg December 13, 1862.
+
+*Beard, W. B.; died from effects of measles summer of 1861.
+
+*Bain, Samuel.
+
+*Brockenbrough, W. N.; corporal; transferred to Baltimore Light
+Artillery.
+
+*Brown, W. M.; corporal, sergeant, lieutenant; wounded and captured at
+Gettysburg.
+
+*Bumpus, W. N.; corporal; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Conner, Blain; discharged for physical disability in spring, 1861.
+
+*Conner, George; arm broken by stallion; absent after winter of 1861-62.
+
+*Conner, Jas. A.; wounded at Sharpsburg and Gettysburg; took the oath in
+prison and joined Federal army and fought Indians in Northwest.
+
+*Conner, John C.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Coffee, A. W.
+
+*Craig, John B.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Crosen, W.
+
+*Curran, Daniel; died from disease in summer of 1862.
+
+*Davis, Mark; deserted.
+
+*Davis, R. G.; died from disease in 1861.
+
+*Doran, John; wounded at Malvern Hill in 1862; disabled.
+
+*Dudley, R. M.
+
+*Ford, Henry; discharged after one year.
+
+*Ford, Jas. A.; wounded.
+
+*Gibbs, J. T., Jr.; wounded at Port Republic June 22, 1862; died from
+disease.
+
+*Gold, J. M.; captured at Gettysburg and died in prison.
+
+*Gordon, W. C.; wounded at Fredericksburg; disabled.
+
+*Harris, Alex.; captured at Gettysburg and died in prison.
+
+*Harris, Bowlin; captured at Gettysburg; kept in prison.
+
+*Hetterick, Ferdinand; discharged after one year.
+
+*Henry, N. S.; corporal, sergeant; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Hughes, Wm.; discharged.
+
+*Hostetter, G. W.; transferred to infantry.
+
+*Johnson, Lawson; died in summer of 1861.
+
+*Johnson, W. F.; corporal, quartermaster sergeant; paroled at
+Appomattox.
+
+*Jordan, J. W.; wounded at first Manassas; corporal, sergeant,
+lieutenant; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Leopard, Jas.; transferred to Carpenter's battery.
+
+*Lewis, Henry P.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Lewis, R. P.; transferred to cavalry in spring of 1862.
+
+*Leyburn, John; lieutenant Rockbridge Artillery; surgeon on privateer.
+
+*Martin, Thomas; wounded and captured at Gettysburg.
+
+*McCampbell, D. A.; died from disease in December, 1864.
+
+*McCampbell, W. H.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*McCluer, John G.; corporal Rockbridge Artillery; transferred to
+cavalry.
+
+*McCorkle, J. Baxter; corporal, sergeant, lieutenant Rockbridge
+Artillery; killed at first Fredericksburg.
+
+*Montgomery, W. G.; killed at first Fredericksburg.
+
+*Moore, D. E.; corporal, sergeant; wounded at Winchester and at Malvern
+Hill; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Moore, John D.; quartermaster sergeant; captured after Gettysburg,
+prisoner until close of war.
+
+*Moore, Samuel R.; mortally wounded at Sharpsburg.
+
+*Morgan, G. W.; sick and absent most of the time.
+
+*O'Rourke, Frank; wounded at Malvern Hill; deserted.
+
+*Paxton, J. Lewis; sergeant; lost leg at Kernstown.
+
+*Phillips, James.
+
+*Preston, Frank; lost an arm at Winchester May 25, 1862; captain
+Virginia Military Institute Company.
+
+*Raynes, A. G.; detailed as miller.
+
+*Rader, D. P.; wounded at Fredericksburg December 13, 1862.
+
+*Rhodes, J. N.; discharged, over age.
+
+*Smith, Joseph S.; transferred to cavalry; killed in battle.
+
+*Smith, S. C.; corporal, sergeant; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Smith, Adam; discharged after one year.
+
+*Strickler, James.
+
+*Strickler, W. L.; corporal, sergeant; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Silvey, James; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Tharp, Benjamin F.; transferred to cavalry in spring of 1862.
+
+*Thompson, John A.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Thompson, S. G.
+
+*Tompkins, J. F.; corporal; detailed in Ordnance Department.
+
+*Trevy, Jacob; wounded at Gettysburg; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Wallace, John; killed at Kernstown March 23, 1862.
+
+*Wilson, S. A.; discharged for physical disability August, 1861; joined
+cavalry.
+
+The following joined the battery after May 11, 1861; dates of enlistment
+being given as far as known:
+
+*Adams, Thomas T.; enlisted 1863; discharged; later killed in battle.
+
+*Adkins, Blackburn; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Agner, Oscar W.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Agner, John; enlisted July 21, 1861.
+
+*Agner, Jonathan; enlisted July 29, 1861; killed at Kernstown May 25,
+1862.
+
+*Agner, Samuel S.; enlisted fall of 1862.
+
+Alexander, Edgar S.; enlisted September 2, 1861; lost an arm at
+Fredericksburg, 1862.
+
+Alexander, Eugene; enlisted August 23, 1861; wounded at second Manassas;
+transferred to cavalry.
+
+Armisted, Charles J.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Arnold, A. E.; enlisted September 1, 1861; corporal, assistant surgeon.
+
+Bacon, Edloe P.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Bacon, Edloe P., Jr.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Baldwin, William Ludlow; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Barger, William G.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Barton, David R.; enlisted June 27, 1861; lieutenant in Cutshaw's
+battery; killed.
+
+Barton, Robert T.; enlisted March 7, 1862.
+
+Bedinger, G. R.; July 9, 1861; transferred to infantry; killed at
+Gettysburg; captain.
+
+Bealle, Jerry T.; enlisted November 21, 1861.
+
+Bell, Robert S.; enlisted November 19, 1861; killed at Rappahannock
+Station.
+
+*Black, Benjamin F.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Blain, Daniel; enlisted May 27, 1861; detailed in Ordnance Department;
+paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Blackford, L. M.; enlisted September 2, 1861; adjutant Twenty-sixth
+Virginia Infantry.
+
+Boiling, W. H.; enlisted March 10, 1862; corporal.
+
+Boteler, A. R., Jr.; enlisted March 1, 1862; wounded May 25, 1862.
+
+Boteler, Charles P.; enlisted October 23, 1861; transferred to cavalry.
+
+Boteler, Henry; enlisted October 10, 1861; corporal; paroled at
+Appomattox.
+
+Boyd, E. Holmes; enlisted June 28, 1861; transferred to Ordnance
+Department.
+
+Brooke, Pendleton; enlisted October 28, 1861; discharged for physical
+disability.
+
+Brown, H. C.; enlisted 1862; detailed in Signal Corps.
+
+*Brown, John L.; enlisted July 23, 1861; killed at Malvern Hill.
+
+Brown, John M.; enlisted March 11, 1862; wounded at Malvern Hill;
+paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Bryan, Edward; enlisted November 22, 1861.
+
+Burwell, Lewis P.; enlisted September 21, 1861; transferred.
+
+Byers, G. Newton; enlisted August 23, 1861; corporal; paroled at
+Appomattox.
+
+*Byrd, W. H.; enlisted August 15, 1861; killed at Kernstown March 23,
+1862.
+
+*Byrd, William.
+
+*Carson, William; enlisted July 23, 1861; corporal; paroled at
+Appomattox.
+
+Caruthers, Thornton; enlisted December 21, 1862.
+
+*Chapin, W. T.
+
+Clark, James G.; enlisted June 15, 1861; transferred.
+
+Clark, J. Gregory; enlisted July 16, 1862; transferred.
+
+Cook, Richard D.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Compton, Robert K.; enlisted July 25, 1861; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Conner, Alexander; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded May 25, 1862, at
+Winchester; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Conner, Daniel; enlisted July 27, 1862.
+
+*Conner, Fitz G.
+
+*Conner, Henry C.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Cox, W. H.; enlisted July 23, 1861.
+
+*Craig, Joseph E.; enlisted March 2, 1863.
+
+*Crocken, Francis J.; enlisted March 21, 1862.
+
+Dandridge, Stephen A.; enlisted 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Darnall, Andrew M.; captured at Deep Bottom.
+
+Darnall, Henry T.; enlisted July 23, 1861; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Davis, Charles W.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Davis, James M. M.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Davis, John E.; died from disease June, 1864.
+
+*Dixon, W. H. H.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded December 13, 1862;
+paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Dold, C. M.; enlisted March 3, 1862; wounded at Newtown; paroled at
+Appomattox.
+
+Effinger, W. H.; wounded at Sharpsburg; transferred to engineers.
+
+Emmett, Michael J.; enlisted June 15, 1861; wounded and captured at
+Gettysburg.
+
+Eppes, W. H.; wounded September, 1862.
+
+*Estill, W. C.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Fairfax, Randolph; enlisted August 10, 1861; wounded at Malvern Hill;
+killed at first Fredericksburg.
+
+Faulkner, E. Boyd; enlisted July 23, 1862; detailed at headquarters.
+
+Fishburne, C. D.; enlisted June 21, 1861; sergeant; lieutenant in
+Ordnance Department.
+
+Foutz, Henry; enlisted September 6, 1862; killed at first
+Fredericksburg.
+
+Frazer, Robert; enlisted November 28, 1862; wounded at first
+Fredericksburg.
+
+Friend, Ben C. M.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Fuller, John; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded at Malvern Hill; killed
+at first Fredericksburg.
+
+Garnett, James M.; enlisted July 17, 1861; lieutenant on staff.
+
+Gerardi, Edward.
+
+Gibson, Henry B.; enlisted May 13, 1862.
+
+Gibson, John T.; enlisted August 14, 1861.
+
+Gibson, Robert A.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Gilliam, William T.
+
+Gilmer, James B.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Gilmore, J. Harvey; enlisted March 7, 1862; chaplain.
+
+*Ginger, George A.; enlisted March 6, 1862; wounded at Newtown; paroled
+at Appomattox.
+
+*Ginger, W. L.; enlisted March 6, 1862; wounded and captured at
+Gettysburg; prisoner till close of war.
+
+*Gold, Alfred; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded at second Fredericksburg.
+
+Gooch, James T.; transferred from engineers in 1863; paroled at
+Appomattox.
+
+*Goul, John M.; enlisted June 14, 1861; chaplain A. N. V.; died of fever
+in service.
+
+*Gray, O. P.; enlisted March 21, 1862; killed at Kernstown March 23,
+1862.
+
+Gregory, John M.; enlisted September 7, 1861; wounded May 25, 1862;
+captain in Ordnance Department.
+
+*Green, Thomas; enlisted 1862; transferred.
+
+*Green, Zach.; enlisted 1862; transferred.
+
+Gross, Charles; enlisted July 27, 1862.
+
+*Hall, John F.; enlisted July 23, 1861; died near Richmond, 1862.
+
+Heiskell, J. Campbell; enlisted February 9, 1862; wounded in 1864;
+paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Heiskell, J. P.; enlisted 1862; discharged for physical disability.
+
+*Herndon, Francis T.; enlisted March 31, 1862; killed at Malvern Hill.
+
+Hitner, John K.; enlisted March 17, 1862; wounded.
+
+*Holmes, John A.; enlisted March 11, 1862.
+
+*Houston, James Rutherford; enlisted July 23, 1861.
+
+Houston, William W.; enlisted August 10, 1861; chaplain A. N. V.
+
+Hughes, William; enlisted July 23, 1861.
+
+Hummerickhouse, John R.; enlisted March 28, 1862.
+
+Hyde, Edward H.; enlisted March 28, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Johnson, Thomas E.
+
+Jones, Beverly R.; enlisted July 3, 1861.
+
+Kean, Otho G.; enlisted after capture at Vicksburg; paroled at
+Appomattox.
+
+Kean, William C.; enlisted fall of 1861; transferred.
+
+*Knick, William; enlisted August 11, 1862; mortally wounded at second
+Fredericksburg.
+
+Lacy, Richard B.
+
+Lacy, William S.; enlisted March 17, 1862; detailed in Signal Service;
+chaplain.
+
+Lawson, Joseph; enlisted July 20, 1863.
+
+Lawson, William; enlisted July 20, 1863.
+
+Leathers, John P.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Lecky, John H.; enlisted July 23, 1861; transferred to cavalry.
+
+Lee, Robert E., Jr.; enlisted March 26, 1862; lieutenant on staff, and
+captain.
+
+*Leech, James M.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Letcher, Samuel H.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Lewis, James P.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded.
+
+Lewis, Nicholas H.; enlisted June 17, 1861.
+
+*Link, David; transferred from Rice's battery.
+
+Luke, Williamson; enlisted October 7, 1861; soon transferred to cavalry.
+
+*McAlpin, Joseph; enlisted March 3, 1862; mortally wounded at first
+Fredericksburg.
+
+*McCauley, John E.; enlisted July 23, 1861; corporal, sergeant; paroled
+at Appomattox.
+
+*McCauley, William H.; transferred from infantry; corporal; killed April
+7, 1865.
+
+*McClintic, W. S.; enlisted October 4, 1861; wounded; paroled at
+Appomattox.
+
+*McCorkle, Tazwell E.; enlisted in Hamden Sidney Company in 1861;
+captured at Rich Mountain; joined battery in 1864.
+
+*McCorkle, Thomas E.; enlisted March 9, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*McCorkle, William A.; enlisted July 23, 1861; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*McCrum, R. Barton; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+McGuire, Hugh H., Jr.; enlisted March 10; transferred to cavalry;
+captain; killed.
+
+McKim, Robert B.; enlisted July 6, 1861; killed at Winchester May 25,
+1862.
+
+Macon, Lyttleton S.; enlisted June 27, 1861; corporal, sergeant;
+discharged.
+
+Magruder, Davenport D.; enlisted March 1, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Magruder, Horatio E.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Marshall, John J.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Marshall, Oscar M.; enlisted March 6, 1862.
+
+Massie, John Livingstone; enlisted May 15, 1861; captain of artillery;
+killed.
+
+*Mateer, Samuel L.; enlisted January 11, 1863; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Maury, Magruder; enlisted in fall of 1861; transferred to cavalry.
+
+Maury, Thompson B.; enlisted in fall of 1861; detailed in Signal
+Service.
+
+Meade, Francis A.; enlisted November, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Merrick, Alfred D.; enlisted December 30, 1861.
+
+Minor, Charles; enlisted November 16, 1861; transferred to engineers.
+
+Minor, Carter N. B.; enlisted July 27, 1861.
+
+Minor, Launcelot; wounded at Cumberland Church.
+
+*Moore, Edward A.; enlisted March 3, 1862; wounded at Sharpsburg and
+twice at second Cold Harbor; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Moore, John H.; transferred from Rockbridge Rifles in spring of 1861;
+wounded; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Moore, John L.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded.
+
+*Mooterspaugh, William; enlisted 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Montgomery, Ben T.; transferred from another battery; paroled at
+Appomattox.
+
+*Myers, John M.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Nelson, Francis K.; enlisted May 17, 1861; transferred to Albemarle
+Light Horse.
+
+Nelson, Kinloch; transferred from Albemarle Light Horse; disabled by
+caisson turning over on him.
+
+Nelson, Philip; enlisted July 27, 1861; discharged by furnishing
+substitute.
+
+*Nicely, George H.; enlisted March 7, 1862; died from disease, 1864.
+
+*Nicely, James W.; enlisted March 7, 1862; deserted.
+
+*Nicely, John F.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded at Port Republic.
+
+Otey, William M.; enlisted 1862; transferred soon thereafter.
+
+Packard, Joseph; enlisted July 7, 1861; corporal; lieutenant Ordnance
+Department.
+
+Packard, Walter J.; enlisted October 23, 1861; died summer of 1862.
+
+Page, Richard C. M.; enlisted July 14, 1861; transferred; captain; major
+artillery.
+
+Page, R. Powell; enlisted May 1, 1864; detailed courier to Colonel
+Carter.
+
+Paine, Henry M.
+
+*Paine, Henry R.; enlisted July 23, 1861; corporal, sergeant; killed at
+second Manassas.
+
+Paine, James A.
+
+*Paxton, Samuel A.; enlisted March 7, 1862.
+
+Pendleton, Dudley D.; enlisted June 19, 1861; captain and assistant
+adjutant-general, artillery A. N. V.
+
+*Pleasants, Robert A.; enlisted March 3, 1863.
+
+Pollard, James G.; enlisted July 27, 1864; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Porter, Mouina G.; enlisted September 24, 1861; detailed courier.
+
+*Phillips, Charles; detailed in Signal Service.
+
+*Pugh, George W.; enlisted March 6, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Pugh, John A.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Rawlings, James M.
+
+*Rentzell, George W.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded at Kernstown and
+disabled.
+
+*Robertson, John W.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Robinson, Arthur; enlisted March 28, 1862; mortally wounded at first
+Fredericksburg.
+
+*Root, Erastus C.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Ruffin, Jefferson; transferred from another battery; paroled at
+Appomattox.
+
+Rutledge, Charles A.; enlisted November 3, 1861; transferred.
+
+*Sandford, James; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Saville, John; enlisted July 23, 1861; transferred to cavalry; died in
+service.
+
+*Shaner, Joseph F.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded at first
+Fredericksburg; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Shaw, Campbell A.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Shoulder, Jacob M.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Singleton, William F.; enlisted June 3, 1861; wounded and captured at
+Port Republic.
+
+*Schammerhorn, John G.
+
+Smith, J. Howard; enlisted September 2, 1861; lieutenant in Ordnance
+Department.
+
+Smith, James P.; enlisted July 9, 1861; lieutenant and captain on staff
+of General Jackson.
+
+Smith, James Morrison.
+
+Smith, Summerfield; enlisted September 2, 1861; died from disease.
+
+Stuart, G. W. C.; enlisted May 13, 1862; wounded May 25, 1862; killed at
+second Fredericksburg.
+
+*Strickler, Joseph; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Stuart, W. C.; wounded at second Cold Harbor; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Swan, Minor W.; enlisted August 15, 1863; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Swan, Robert W.
+
+*Swisher, Benjamin R.; enlisted March 3, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Swisher, George W.; enlisted March 3, 1862; wounded May 25, 1862;
+paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Swisher, Samuel S.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Tate, James F.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Taylor, Charles F.
+
+Taylor, Stevens M.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Thompson, Ambrose; died July, 1864.
+
+*Thompson, Lucas P.; enlisted August 15, 1861; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Tidball, Thomas H.; enlisted March 3, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Timberlake, Francis H.
+
+*Tomlinson, James W.; enlisted July 23, 1861.
+
+Trice, Leroy F.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Trueheart, Charles W.; enlisted October 24, 1861; corporal, assistant
+surgeon.
+
+Tyler, D. Gardner; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Tyler, John Alexander; enlisted April, 1865; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Van Pelt, Robert; enlisted July 23, 1861.
+
+Veers, Charles O.; enlisted September 10, 1861; transferred to cavalry
+soon thereafter.
+
+*Vest, Andrew J.; enlisted July 23, 1861; discharged.
+
+*Wade, Thomas M.; enlisted March 7, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Walker, George A.; enlisted July 23, 1861; transferred to Carpenter's
+battery.
+
+*Walker, James S.; enlisted July 23, 1861; transferred to Carpenter's
+battery.
+
+*Walker, John W.; enlisted July 23, 1861; transferred to Carpenter's
+battery.
+
+Whitt, Algernon S.; enlisted August 8, 1861; corporal; paroled at
+Appomattox.
+
+*White, William H.; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+Williams, John J.; enlisted July 15, 1861; transferred to Chew's
+battery.
+
+*Williamson, Thomas; wounded at Gettysburg; escaped at Appomattox with
+the cavalry.
+
+*Williamson, William G.; enlisted July 5, 1861; captain of engineers.
+
+*Wilson, Calvin.
+
+*Wilson, John; enlisted July 22, 1861; prisoner after Gettysburg; took
+the oath.
+
+*Wiseman, William; enlisted March 10, 1862.
+
+*Wilson, Samuel A.; enlisted March 3, 1862; wounded at Gettysburg;
+captured; died in prison.
+
+*Wilson, William M.; enlisted August 12, 1861; corporal.
+
+Winston, Robert B.; enlisted August 25, 1861.
+
+*Withrow, John; paroled at Appomattox.
+
+*Woody, Henry; transferred from infantry, 1864; deserted.
+
+*Wright, John W.; enlisted 1864; wounded and disabled at Spottsylvania
+Court House.
+
+Young, Charles E.; enlisted March 17, 1862.
+
+
+The Rockbridge Artillery took part in the following engagements:
+
+   Hainesville, July 2, 1861.
+   First Manassas, July 21, 1861.
+   Kernstown, March 23, 1862.
+   Winchester, May 25, 1862.
+   Charlestown, May, 1862.
+   Port Republic, June 8 and 9, 1862.
+   White Oak Swamp, June 30, and Malvern Hill, July 1, 1862.
+   Cedar Run, August 9, 1862.
+   Second Manassas, August 28, 29 and 30, 1862.
+   Harper's Ferry, September 15, 1862.
+   Sharpsburg, September 17, 1862.
+   First Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862.
+   Second Fredericksburg, May 2 and 3, 1863.
+   Winchester, June 14, 1863.
+   Gettysburg, July 2 and 3, 1863.
+   Rappahannock Bridge, November 9, 1863.
+   Mine Run, November 27, 1863.
+   Spottsylvania Court House, May 12, 1864.
+   Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864.
+   Deep Bottom, July 27, 1864.
+   New Market Heights, September, 1864.
+   Fort Gilmore, 1864.
+   Cumberland Church, April 7, 1865.
+
+The battery saw much service in fighting gunboats on James River, and
+took part in many skirmishes not mentioned.
+
+The number of men, enrolled as above, is three hundred and five (305),
+of whom one hundred and seventy-three (173) were from the county of
+Rockbridge. Of the remainder, a large part were students, college
+graduates, University of Virginia men, and some divinity students.
+These, with the sturdy men from among the farmers and business men of
+Rockbridge, made up a company admirably fitted for the artillery
+service.
+
+The efficiency of the battery was due in no small part to its capacity
+for rapid marching and maneuvering, and this to the care and management
+of the horses mainly by men from this county. In the spring of 1862 a
+large number of men was recruited for the battery, whose names are not
+on the above roll, and some of whom were engaged in the battle of
+Kernstown. In April, 1862, while encamped at Swift Run Gap, authority
+was given by General Jackson to reorganize the battery, making three
+companies thereof, with the view to form a battalion. Immediately after
+two companies had been organized by the election of officers, the
+authority for making three companies was revoked, and an order issued
+to form one company only, and giving to all the men not embraced in this
+one company the privilege of selecting a company in any branch of the
+service. A large number of men, thus temporarily connected with the
+Rockbridge Artillery, availed themselves of this privilege whose names
+do not appear on the above roll. It would now be impossible to make up
+this list.
+
+
+RECAPITULATION
+
+Enrolled as above, three hundred and five (305).
+
+Number from Rockbridge County, one hundred and seventy-three (173).
+
+Killed in battle, twenty-three (23).
+
+Died of disease contracted in service, sixteen (16).
+
+Wounded more or less severely, forty-nine (49).
+
+Slightly wounded, names not given, about fifty (50).
+
+Discharged from service for disability incurred therein, ten (10).
+
+Took the oath of allegiance to Federal Government while in prison, two
+(2).
+
+Deserted, five (5).
+
+Promoted to be commissioned officers, thirty-nine (39).
+
+Paroled at Appomattox, ninety-three (93).
+
+So great was the loss of horses, there having been over a hundred in
+this battery killed in battle, that during the last year of the war they
+were unhitched from the guns after going into action and taken to the
+rear for safety.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Story of a Cannoneer Under
+Stonewall Jackson, by Edward A. Moore
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE STORY OF A CANNONEER ***
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