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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of True Stories of Wonderful Deeds, by Anonymous
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: True Stories of Wonderful Deeds
+       Pictures and Stories for Little Folk
+
+Author: Anonymous
+
+Release Date: July 16, 2007 [EBook #22080]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TRUE STORIES OF WONDERFUL DEEDS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Thomas Strong, Fox in the Stars
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+{Transcriber's Note: Obvious mis-spellings and printing errors have been
+ corrected. Table of Contents, List of Illustrations and page numbers,
+ each of which is not included in the original, are supplied.
+ Illustration captions marked with ° are supplied. All other
+ inconsistencies are as in the original.}
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+True Stories of Wonderful Deeds
+
+   PICTURES AND STORIES FOR
+         LITTLE FOLK
+
+       [Illustration]
+
+          CHICAGO
+
+  M.A. DONOHUE & COMPANY.
+
+ 407-429 DEARBORN STREET.
+
+
+
+
+ TABLE OF CONTENTS
+
+                                                                  PAGE
+
+ THE ROYAL OAK                                                      2
+
+ BONNIE PRINCE CHARLIE                                              5
+
+ NELSON AND HARDY                                                   7
+
+ WATT AND THE KETTLE                                                9
+
+ QUEEN VICTORIA AND HER SOLDIERS                                   11
+
+ THE RELIEF OF LUCKNOW                                             13
+
+ GRACE DARLING                                                     15
+
+ DAVID LIVINGSTONE                                                 17
+
+ THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO                                            19
+
+ THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE                                   22
+
+ THE CORONATION OF KING EDWARD VII                                 24
+
+ WAR                                                               26
+
+ A BOY'S HEROIC DEEDS                                              28
+
+ A CAT'S EXTRAORDINARY LEAP                                        31
+
+ A BRAVE QUEEN                                                     33
+
+ KING ALFRED AND THE CAKES                                         36
+
+ NOT ANGLES, BUT ANGELS                                            38
+
+ HEREWARD THE WAKE                                                 40
+
+ CANUTE                                                            42
+
+ THE BRAVE MEN OF CALAIS                                           44
+
+ WAT TYLER                                                         47
+
+ BRUCE AND THE SPIDER                                              50
+
+ RICHARD AND BLONDEL                                               53
+
+ THE WHITE SHIP                                                    55
+
+ JOAN OF ARC                                                       57
+
+ AFLOAT WITH A TIGER                                               59
+
+ QUEEN MARGARET AND THE ROBBERS                                    63
+
+ WILLIAM CAXTON                                                    67
+
+ SIR PHILIP SIDNEY                                                 69
+
+ THE "REVENGE"                                                     73
+
+ THE PILGRIM FATHERS                                               75
+
+ GUY FAWKES                                                        77
+
+ CROMWELL AND HIS IRONSIDES                                        79
+
+ THE SPANISH ARMADA                                                81
+
+ THE DEFENCE OF LATHOM HOUSE                                       84
+
+ THE OUTLAWED ARCHERS                                              86
+
+ ELIZABETH AND RALEIGH                                             88
+
+
+
+
+LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+                                                                  PAGE
+
+KING CHARLES IN HIDING                                              1
+
+KING CHARLES IN THE OAK                                             4
+
+PRINCE CHARLES AT THE BATTLE OF CULLODEN                            6
+
+NELSON ON THE "VICTORY" AT TRAFALGAR                                8
+
+WATCHING THE BOILING KETTLE                                        10
+
+QUEEN VICTORIA VISITS HER WOUNDED SOLDIERS                         12
+
+THE HIGHLANDERS ENTERING LUCKNOW                                   14
+
+GRACE DARLING ROWS OUT TO THE WRECK                                16
+
+THE MEETING OF STANLEY AND LIVINGSTONE                             18
+
+BRITISH SOLDIERS AT THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO                         20
+
+THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE                                    21
+
+AFTERMATH OF BATTLE°                                               23
+
+KING EDWARD VII AND QUEEN ALEXANDRIA                               25
+
+SPYING ON INDIANS°                                                 27
+
+SAVED FROM THE FLOOD                                               28
+
+QUEEN BOADICEA                                                     32
+
+QUEEN BOADICEA AND HER SOLDIERS                                    35
+
+KING ALFRED FORGETS THE CAKES                                      37
+
+THE ENGLISH PRISONERS AT ROME                                      39
+
+HEREWARD AND HIS MEN ATTACK THE NORMANS                            41
+
+CANUTE ORDERS THE TIDE TO STOP                                     43
+
+QUEEN PHILLIPA PLEADS FOR THE MEN OF CALAIS                        45
+
+THE MEN OF CALAIS ARE SPARED°                                      46
+
+WAT TYLER°                                                         47
+
+YOUNG KING RICHARD QUELLS THE REBELLION                            49
+
+BRUCE WATCHING THE SPIDER                                          51
+
+RICHARD LION HEART FIGHTING IN THE HOLY LAND                       52
+
+BLONDEL SINGS BENEATH RICHARD'S WINDOW                             54
+
+PRINCE WILLIAM RETURNS TO SAVE HIS SISTER                          56
+
+JOAN AT THE HEAD OF THE ARMY                                       58
+
+AFLOAT WITH A TIGER°                                               60
+
+THE ROBBERS DISCOVER QUEEN MARGARET AND THE PRINCE                 64
+
+THE ROBBER BRINGS HELP TO QUEEN MARGARET                           66
+
+CAXTON IN HIS PRINTING SHOP                                        68
+
+SIR PHILIP SIDNEY°                                                 69
+
+MARTYRED FOR PRAYING°                                              70
+
+SIR PHILIP SIDNEY AND THE DYING SOLDIER                            72
+
+DEATH OF SIR RICHARD GRENVILLE°                                    74
+
+THE PILGRIM FATHERS ENTERING THE NEW WORLD                         76
+
+THE ARREST OF GUY FAWKES                                           78
+
+CROMWELL LEADS HIS IRONSIDES TO BATTLE                             80
+
+DRAKE IS TOLD THAT THE ARMADA IS APPROACHING                       82
+
+THE LITTLE "REVENGE" FIGHTS FIFTY SPANISH GALLEONS                 83
+
+THE COUNTESS RECEIVES THE BANNERS                                  85
+
+CLOUDSEY SHOOTS AN APPLE FROM THE HEAD OF HIS SON°                 87
+
+RALEIGH SPREADS HIS CLOAK BEFORE ELIZABETH                         89
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: King Charles in Hiding]
+
+
+
+
+=The Royal Oak=
+
+
+There is in Shropshire a fine oak-tree which the country people there
+call the "Royal Oak". They say it is the great-grandson, or perhaps the
+great-great-grandson of another fine old oak, which more than two
+hundred years ago stood on the same spot, and served once as a shelter
+to an English king. This king was Charles II, the son of the unlucky
+Charles I who had his head cut off by his subjects because he was a weak
+and selfish ruler.
+
+On the very day on which that unhappy king lost his head, the Parliament
+passed a law forbidding anyone to make his son, Prince Charles of Wales,
+or any other person, king of England. But the Scottish people did not
+obey this law. They persuaded the young prince to sign a paper, solemnly
+promising to rule the country as they wished; then they crowned him
+king. As soon as the Parliament heard of this they sent Cromwell and his
+Ironsides against the newly-crowned king and his followers, and after
+several battles the Scottish army was at last broken up and scattered at
+Worcester.
+
+Charles fled and hid in a wood, where some poor wood-cutters took care
+of him and helped him. He put on some of their clothes, cut his hair
+short, and stained his face and hands brown so that he might appear to
+be a sunburnt workman like them. But it was some time before he could
+escape from the wood, for Cromwell's soldiers were searching it in the
+hope of finding some of the king's men. One day, Charles and two of his
+friends had to climb into the tall oak to avoid being caught. They had
+with them some food, which proved very useful, for they were obliged to
+stay in their strange hiding-place for a whole day. The top of the
+oak-tree had been cut off some few years before this time, and this had
+made the lower branches grow thick and bushy, so that people walking
+below could not easily see through them. It was a fortunate thing for
+Charles, for while he was in the tree, he heard the soldiers beating the
+boughs and bushes in the wood as they searched here and there, and even
+caught glimpses of them through the leaves as they rode about below.
+
+When they had gone, without even glancing up into the tall oak-tree, he
+came down, and rode away from the wood on an old mill-horse, with his
+friends the wood-cutters walking beside him to take care of him as best
+they could. The saddle was a poor one, and the horse's pace jolted
+Charles so much, that at last he cried out that he had never seen so bad
+a steed. At this the owner of the horse jestingly told him that he
+should not find fault with the poor animal, which had never before
+carried the weight of three kingdoms upon its back. He meant, of course,
+that Charles was king of the three kingdoms of England, and Scotland,
+and Ireland.
+
+Carried by the old horse, and helped by the poor wood-cutters, Charles
+at last reached the house of a friend. Here he hid for a time, and then
+went on to try and escape from the country. This time, so that he might
+not be discovered, he was dressed as a servant, and rode on horseback,
+with a lady sitting on a cushion behind him, as was then the fashion.
+After several more dangers he managed to get on board a ship and sailed
+away to France.
+
+[Illustration: KING CHARLES IN THE OAK]
+
+
+
+
+=Bonnie Prince Charlie=
+
+
+Prince Charlie was the grandson of King James II, who was driven away
+from the throne of England because he was a selfish man and a bad ruler.
+The young prince tried to win the crown back again. He came over to
+Scotland from France, with only seven followers; but soon a great many
+of the Scots joined him, for he was so gay, and handsome, and friendly,
+that all who saw him loved him. They called him "Bonnie Prince Charlie".
+But though the prince and his followers were very brave, they had no
+chance against the well-trained soldiers of King George of England. They
+won a few victories; then they were thoroughly beaten in the battle of
+Culloden. Thousands of brave Scots were slain, and the prince had to fly
+for his life.
+
+After this, for many weeks, he hid among the moors and mountains from
+the English soldiers who were trying to find him. He lived in small
+huts, or in caves, and many times had nothing but the wild berries from
+the woods to eat. Once he stayed for three weeks with a band of robbers,
+who were very kind to him; and though the king offered a large sum of
+money to anyone who would give him up, not one of his poor friends was
+false to him.
+
+At last, a young and beautiful Scottish lady, named Flora MacDonald,
+helped him to escape. She gave him woman's clothes, and pretended that
+he was her servant, called Betty Burke. Then she took him with her away
+from the place where the soldiers were searching, and after a time he
+reached the sea, and got safely away to France.
+
+[Illustration: PRINCE CHARLIE AT THE BATTLE OF CULLODEN]
+
+
+
+
+=Nelson and Hardy=
+
+
+Lord Nelson was one of the greatest seamen that ever lived. He commanded
+the British fleet at the battle of Trafalgar, when the navies of France
+and Spain were beaten, and England was saved from a great danger. He did
+not look like a famous admiral on board his ship, the _Victory_, that
+day. He was a small man, and his clothes were shabby. He had lost one
+arm and one eye in battle; but with the eye which remained he could see
+more than most men with two, and his brain was busy planning the course
+of the coming fight. Just before it began, he went over his ship, giving
+orders to the crew, and cheering them with kind words, which touched the
+hearts of the rough men, who loved their leader and were proud of him.
+"England expects every man to do his duty" was the last message he sent
+them. Every man did his duty nobly that day, though the battle was
+fierce and long; but it was the last fight of the brave commander. He
+was shot in the back as he walked the deck with his friend Captain
+Hardy, and was carried below.
+
+He lay dying for several hours, but, in spite of his great pain, his one
+thought was of the battle. "How goes the day with us?" he asked of
+Hardy; and when told that many of the enemies' ships were taken, he
+cried eagerly, "I am glad. Whip them, Hardy, as they have never been
+whipped before." Later, when his friend came to tell him that the
+victory was won, Nelson pressed his hand. "Good-bye, Hardy!" said he, "I
+have done my duty, and I thank God for it." These were the last words of
+one of England's bravest sons.
+
+[Illustration: NELSON ON THE "VICTORY" AT TRAFALGAR]
+
+
+
+
+=Watt and the Kettle=
+
+
+There was once a little Scotch boy named James Watt. He was not a strong
+child, and could not always run and play with other boys, but had often
+to amuse himself at home. One holiday afternoon little James amused
+himself in this way. He held a saucer over the stream of steam which
+came from the spout of a boiling kettle, and as he watched he saw little
+drops of water forming on the saucer. He thought this was very strange,
+and wondered why it happened, for he did not know that steam is just
+water changed in form by the heat, and that as soon as it touches
+something cold it turns again into water. He asked his aunt to explain
+it, but she only told him not to waste his time. If she could have
+foreseen the work which her nephew would do when he became a man, she
+would not have thought he was wasting his time.
+
+When James Watt grew up, he was as much interested in steam and its
+wonderful power, as he had been as a boy. He was sure it could be made
+of great service to men. It was already used for driving engines, but
+the engines were not good, and it cost much money to work them. Watt
+thought they could be improved, but it was long before he found out the
+way to do this. Often, he sat by the fire watching the lid of the kettle
+as it was made to dance by the steam, and thinking of many plans; and at
+last a happy thought came to him. His plan enabled great improvements to
+be made in the working of engines, and now steam drives our trains and
+ships, our mills and factories, and is one of our most useful servants.
+
+[Illustration: WATCHING THE BOILING KETTLE]
+
+
+
+
+=Queen Victoria and her Soldiers=
+
+
+Queen Victoria was always proud of her brave soldiers. In time of war,
+she gave orders that news of them was to be sent to her every day, and
+when the generals returned home, they were commanded to visit her, and
+to tell her of the bravery of the troops.
+
+During the long war with the Russians in the Crimea, the British
+soldiers suffered greatly from the freezing winds, and rain, and snow,
+of that cold land. When Queen Victoria heard of this, she and her
+children worked with their own hands to make warm clothing for them. A
+great many of the wounded and sick men were sent home in ships, to be
+nursed in the English hospitals, and the Queen paid several visits to
+the poor fellows as they lay there. Moving from one bed to another, she
+cheered them with hopeful words, and listened gladly to their stories of
+the battles in which they had fought. When she saw that the hospitals
+were crowded, and not very comfortable, she told Parliament that better
+ones ought to be provided, and after a time this was done, and the fine
+hospital of Netley was built, of which the Queen laid the first stone.
+
+Once, Queen Victoria herself gave medals to some wounded and disabled
+soldiers who had fought very bravely. Some of these men could not raise
+their arms to salute their queen; some could not walk, but had to be
+wheeled in chairs to her side; but all were proud to receive their
+medals of honour from her hands.
+
+"Noble fellows," she wrote of them afterwards, "I feel as if they were
+my own children."
+
+[Illustration: QUEEN VICTORIA VISITS HER WOUNDED SOLDIERS]
+
+
+
+
+=The Relief of Lucknow=
+
+
+During the time of the terrible Indian Mutiny, when most of the native
+troops rose against their British rulers, and vowed to kill every white
+person in the land, many cruel deeds were done. A great number of white
+people were slain before the British troops could come to their rescue,
+but in some places they managed to hold out until help reached them.
+This was the case in the city of Lucknow, where the British governor
+with a small body of troops, and a great many women and children, took
+refuge in the Government House from a vast host of rebels who came to
+attack them. Many of the brave defenders were killed by the shot and
+shell of the enemy. Many others, and especially the little children,
+fell sick and died, for the heat was very great, and there was no good
+water to be had. Then, after many days, a small body of white soldiers
+fought their way into the city, and brought help and hope to the rest of
+the party. They were only just in time. Had they come a few days later
+they would have found the Government House a heap of ruins, and their
+friends dead, for the rebels were making a mine under the building and
+meant to blow it up with gunpowder. But alas! the newcomers were not
+strong enough to fight their way out of Lucknow with a crowd of helpless
+women and children and sick folk, so they, too were now shut in. For two
+months longer they held out. Then at last, when they had almost lost
+hope, the great Sir Colin Campbell with his brave Highlanders and other
+soldiers defeated the rebels, and brought the band of sick, starving,
+and weary people safely away.
+
+[Illustration: THE HIGHLANDERS ENTERING LUCKNOW]
+
+
+
+
+=Grace Darling=
+
+
+On a small rocky island, off the north coast of England, there is a
+lighthouse. A man named William Darling was once keeper of this
+lighthouse, and his daughter Grace lived with him. Every day Grace
+Darling helped her father to trim the lamps, so that at night they might
+shine brightly, and warn sailors to steer their ships away from the
+dangerous rocks, upon which they would have been dashed to pieces.
+
+One stormy night Grace woke with the sound of screams in her ears. The
+screams came from the sea, so she knew that some ship must be in
+distress. She roused her father, but they could see nothing in the
+darkness. When daylight came, they found that a ship had been wrecked
+upon the rocks some way off, and a few people were clinging to the
+masts. Grace wished to go at once in a boat to save them; but at first
+her father hung back, for the wind and sea were wild, and he feared
+that the small boat would be overturned by the great waves. Then Grace
+ran to the boat, and seized an oar, for she could not bear to let the
+poor men die without trying to save them; and the father could not let
+his brave, daughter go alone, so he followed, and they rowed off.
+
+It was hard work pulling against the strong sea, and several times the
+small boat was almost sunk. But at last it reached the wreck, and
+William Darling managed to land upon the rock, and with great care and
+skill helped the half-frozen people into the small boat. Then they were
+taken to the lighthouse, where Grace warmed and fed them, until the
+storm ceased, and they could return to their homes.
+
+[Illustration: GRACE DARLING ROWS OUT TO THE WRECK]
+
+
+
+
+=David Livingstone=
+
+
+At one time many people believed that the middle of Africa was a sandy
+desert, where nothing could live but camels and ostriches. But they were
+mistaken. The great traveller, David Livingstone, journeyed into this
+unknown country, and he found that it was not a desert but a beautiful
+land, where many tribes of black people dwelt. He also saw that these
+people were often seized by strangers, and taken away to be sold as
+slaves. This sight filled him with sadness, and he made up his mind to
+put a stop to this cruel traffic. He worked hard, tracing the courses of
+the rivers, finding the best tracts of land, and teaching the natives.
+Then he urged his countrymen to send others after him to settle in this
+fair country, to help the natives to learn useful trades, and to drive
+away the slave-merchants.
+
+For some years he was quite alone, with his black servants, in the midst
+of this wild land. His friends grew anxious, and sent Mr. Stanley,
+another great traveller, to look for him. Stanley marched for nearly a
+year before he found Livingstone. The old explorer was white and worn
+with sickness and hardship, and he was overjoyed to clasp once more the
+hand of a white man, and to hear again the English tongue. But he would
+not return to England. He said his work was not yet done, and he set out
+once more on his travels. It was his last journey. One morning his
+servants found him dead upon his bed. Since that time much has been done
+to make Central Africa a prosperous land. Other white men have followed
+where Livingstone led, and wherever they have settled, the wicked
+slave-trade has been stopped.
+
+[Illustration: THE MEETING OF STANLEY AND LIVINGSTONE]
+
+
+
+
+=The Battle of Waterloo=
+
+
+Fields of waving corn, green woods, fruitful orchards, a pretty
+farmhouse and a few cottages--such was the plain of Waterloo. And there,
+on a summer Sunday, nearly a hundred years ago, was fought a famous
+battle, in which the British troops under the Duke of Wellington beat
+the French army, and broke the power of the great Napoleon for ever.
+
+"We have them," cried Napoleon as he saw the British drawn up before
+him. He thought it would be easy to destroy this army, so much smaller
+than his own, before their friends the Prussians, who were on the way to
+help them, came up. But he was mistaken. Wellington had placed his
+foot-soldiers in squares, and though the French horsemen, then the
+finest soldiers in the world, charged again and again, these little
+clumps of brave men stood fast. On his favourite horse "Copenhagen",
+Wellington rode to and fro cheering his men. "Stand firm, my lads,"
+cried he. "What will they say to this in England?"
+
+Not till evening, when the Prussians came, would he allow them to charge
+the French in their turn. Then, waving his cocked hat over his head, he
+gave the order, "The whole line will advance", and the impatient troops
+dashed forward. The French bravely tried to stand against this terrific
+charge, but they were beaten back, and the battle of Waterloo was ended.
+
+Sixty thousand men lay dead or wounded under the fruit-trees, and among
+the trampled corn and grass at the end of that terrible day.
+
+[Illustration: BRITISH SOLDIERS AT THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO]
+
+[Illustration: THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE]
+
+
+
+
+=The Charge of the Light Brigade=
+
+
+Forward the Light!
+
+Such was the order given during a great battle to the leader of a band
+of six hundred British soldiers. Forward! And there in front was a line
+of cannon ready to shoot them down as they came, while on the hills on
+either side of the valley were the guns and riflemen of the Russians.
+
+"Surely someone has blundered! My men are sent to certain death,"
+thought the leader of the Light Brigade.
+
+"Forward! Attack!"
+
+The order was repeated, and with the obedience of well-trained soldiers
+the Brigade started.
+
+  "Theirs not to make reply,
+   Theirs not to reason why,
+   Theirs but to do and die:
+   Into the valley of Death
+   Rode the six hundred."
+
+On every side thundered the enemy's guns, and shot and shell fell thick
+and fast, but on through all rode the brave horsemen, on till they
+reached the cannon at the end of the valley. The smoke of the enemy's
+fire closed round and hid them from their watching comrades, but now and
+again the scarlet lines could be seen cutting down those who tried to
+stop their charge.
+
+  "Flashed all their sabres bare,
+   Flashed as they turned in air,
+   Sabring the gunners there,
+   Charging an army, while
+   All the world wonder'd."
+
+[Illustration: AFTERMATH OF BATTLE°]
+
+And then only, when the strange order had been obeyed, when their duty
+had been nobly done in the face of death, did the Light Brigade--all
+that was left of it--turn to ride back. Alas! there were not then six
+hundred. Barely two hundred brave men, wounded, and blackened by smoke
+and powder, reached the British camp. The rest of the noble band lay
+dead or dying in the valley of Death.
+
+  "When can their glory fade?
+   O the wild charge they made!
+   All the world wonder'd.
+   Honour the charge they made!
+   Honour the Light Brigade,
+   Noble six hundred!"
+
+
+
+
+=The Coronation of King Edward VII=
+
+
+Never had a country a more popular king than King Edward VII, nor a more
+gracious queen than Queen Alexandra, and never was a happier day for the
+English people than that on which King Edward was crowned. A few days
+before the date fixed for the Coronation the king suddenly became ill,
+and a great gloom fell over the country, for it was feared that he might
+never be crowned. But though his illness was severe he soon began to get
+better, and when he was out of danger the hearts of his subjects were
+filled with joy and thankfulness. Guns were fired, church-bells pealed,
+and glad shouts and cheers rang out from the happy crowds which lined
+the streets of London, through which the king and queen, in the midst of
+their gay procession, drove to Westminster Abbey.
+
+Inside the gray old Abbey was one of the most brilliant gatherings the
+world has ever seen. Princes and princesses from other lands were there,
+in their robes of state; peers and peeresses, in velvet, and ermine, and
+glittering diamonds; grave statesmen; and soldiers in their gay
+uniforms.
+
+It was a grand and solemn scene when, before them all, the aged
+Archbishop of Canterbury drew near to the King, and with trembling hands
+placed the crown upon his head.
+
+"The Lord give you a fruitful country, and healthful seasons, victorious
+fleets and armies, and a quiet Empire." These are the words that the old
+man said when he had crowned the king, and each one of us will pray that
+all these blessings may indeed rest upon King Edward VII, and the great
+Empire over which he rules.
+
+[Illustration: KING EDWARD VII AND QUEEN ALEXANDRA]
+
+
+
+
+=WAR.=
+
+
+  Over the broad, fair valley,
+    Filling the heart with fear,
+  Comes the sound of tramping horses,
+    And the news of danger near.
+
+  'Tis the enemy approaching,
+    One can hear the muffled drum,
+  And the marching of the soldiers,
+    As on and on they come.
+
+  Soon the air is rent in sunder,
+    Bullets flying sharp and fast,
+  Many stout hearts fail and tremble,
+    Every moment seems their last.
+
+  On the ground lie dead and dying,
+    Young and old alike must fall;
+  None to come and aid the sufferer,
+    Fight they must for freedom's call.
+
+  Many are the anxious loved ones
+    Praying for the war to cease,
+  Waiting for the right to conquer,
+    Bringing freedom, rest, and peace.
+
+  E.S.
+
+[Illustration: SPYING ON INDIANS°]
+
+
+
+
+A BOY'S HEROIC DEEDS.
+
+
+May 31st, 1889, is a day that will long be remembered with horror by the
+people in the beautiful valley of the Conemaugh, in Pennsylvania. On
+that date occurred the terrible disaster which is known to the world and
+will be named in history as the "Johnstown Flood."
+
+[Illustration: SAVED FROM THE FLOOD.]
+
+For many days previous to that date it had been raining hard, and great
+floods extended over a vast region of country in Pennsylvania, New York
+and the District of Columbia. Never before had there been such a fall of
+rain in that region within the memory of the oldest inhabitant. The
+waters in the river and creeks of that beautiful valley rose rapidly and
+overflowed their banks, while the people looked on in wonder, but
+seemingly not in fear. Suddenly there appeared to their wondering gaze a
+great bay horse galloping at break-neck speed and bearing a rider who
+waved his hands to them and cried: "South Fork dam will burst. To the
+hills for your lives." Only a few heeded his words of warning, while
+many mocked and jeered. On dashed the rider to warn still others of the
+impending danger, and, alas, to be himself and horse dashed to death by
+the massive timbers of a falling bridge. South Fork dam did break, and
+the mighty waters of Conemaugh Lake were hurled with resistless force
+upon the doomed people of that beautiful valley. The terrible details of
+the appalling disaster would fill several volumes larger than this. On
+rushed the mighty waters, sweeping onward in their flood dwellings,
+churches and buildings of every description, whether of wood, brick or
+stone, until Johnstown was reached and destroyed. The town was literally
+lifted from its foundations. Thousands of men, women and children were
+caught up and swirled away in the pitiless flood, and their agonizing
+but vain appeals for help could be heard amidst the mighty roar of the
+waters. Many acts of heroism were performed by brave men and women--yes,
+and boys--in rescuing victims of the flood. Only one of them concerns us
+here. Charles Hepenthal, a schoolboy, seventeen years of age, who was on
+his way to Bellefonte from his home at East Liberty, Pa., on the evening
+of the flood, stood quietly among the passengers on the express train,
+as they crowded to view the terrible havoc done by the flood. As the
+flood reached the train, at Sang Hollow, a small frame house came
+pitching down the mad tide, an eddy floated it in, near to the train, so
+close that the wailing cries of an infant were heard, piercing their way
+through the roar. Charles Hepenthal's heart was touched and his courage
+was equal to the emergency. He determined to rescue that little wailing
+waif from a watery grave. Strong men urged him to desist, insisting that
+he would only sacrifice his own life for nothing--that it was impossible
+for any one to survive in the surging waters. But the boy was resolved.
+He cut the bell cord from the cars, tied it fast to his body, and out
+into the whirling gulf he went; he gained the house, secured the infant
+and returned through the maddened waters with the rescued babe in his
+arms. A shout went up from the passengers on the train. "Wait!" he
+cried; "there is still another in the house, I must save her!" and,
+seizing a plank to use as a support, he plunged again into the surging
+waters. Ah! his struggle this time was harder, for his precious load was
+heavy. In the floating house on his first visit he found a little girl,
+apparently ten years old, disrobed and kneeling beside her bed, on which
+lay the screaming infant, praying to her Father in heaven to save her
+and her baby brother from the fury of the flood. "God has heard my
+prayer," she cried, as Charles entered the door. "Oh, save the baby,
+quick," and then fainted away on the floor. When Charles had landed the
+babe in safety and returned again for the girl, he found her still
+unconscious on the floor, and the water was fast flowing in at the door.
+In another minute she would have been drowned. But the brave boy's manly
+arms were soon around her, and with his precious load the young hero
+fought his way back to land and was given three times three cheers and a
+"tiger" by the passengers of the day express.
+
+
+
+
+A CAT'S EXTRAORDINARY LEAP.
+
+
+In the latter part of 1880, at a time when the Washington monument had
+reached a height of 160 feet, an adventurous and patriotic cat ascended
+the interior of the shaft by means of the ropes and tubing. When the
+workmen arrived at the upper landing the next morning, and began to
+prepare for the day's work, pussy took fright and, springing to the
+outer edge, took a "header" of 160 feet to the hard earth below. In the
+descent which was watched closely by two score of men, the cat spread
+herself out like a flying squirrel and alighted on all fours. After
+turning over on the ground a few times in a dazed manner, she prepared
+to leave the grounds and had gotten almost beyond the shadow of the
+monument, when a dog belonging to one of the workmen pounced upon her
+and killed her, she, of course, not being in her best running trim,
+after performing such an extraordinary feat. One of the men procured the
+body of the dead feline, smoothed out her silky coat, and turned the
+remains over to a representative of the Smithsonian Institution, who
+mounted the skin and placed it under a glass case. The label on the case
+tells this wonderful story in a few words: "This cat on September 23,
+1880, jumped from the top of Washington's monument and lived."
+
+[Illustration: Queen Boadicea]
+
+
+
+
+=A Brave Queen=
+
+
+Long ago, when this country was a wild land, there lived a beautiful and
+brave queen named Boadicea.
+
+Her husband, the king, was dead, but she had two daughters whom she
+loved very much.
+
+Boadicea was queen of a part of Britain. There were no large towns in
+her land, but there were forests of fine trees, and fields of corn, and
+wide stretches of grass-land where many cattle and sheep roamed and fed.
+
+Her people were called Iceni. They were tall and strong, with blue eyes
+and yellow hair. The men were brave fighters and good hunters. They
+hunted the bears and wolves which lived in the forests, and they fought
+the foes of their beautiful queen.
+
+They made spears to fight with, and strange carts called war-chariots to
+fight in. These chariots were drawn by swift horses, and, upon the
+wheels, long sharp knives were fixed. The Iceni drove the chariots very
+fast among their foes, and the knives cut down and killed many of them.
+
+The Romans from over the sea were the most dangerous enemies of Boadicea
+and her people.
+
+In those days the Romans were the best fighters, and the strongest and
+wisest people in the world. They came in ships to Britain. They had been
+told that it was a good country, and they hoped to take it for
+themselves. Some of them came to Boadicea's land, and took a part of it
+and of her riches. And when she tried to stop them from doing this, they
+seized her and the two princesses and beat them cruelly.
+
+This wicked act made the Iceni very angry. From all parts of the land,
+fierce fighting-men came marching in haste to avenge themselves on their
+enemies, bringing with them their spears and their war-chariots. When
+all were gathered together, they fell upon the Romans.
+
+There were so many of them, and they were so fierce, that the Romans
+could not stand against them. Thousands were killed, and the rest ran
+away to their ships.
+
+But there were many more Romans in other parts of Britain, and when
+these heard how their friends had been beaten, they came marching in
+haste to punish the Iceni.
+
+The Iceni did their best to get ready to defend themselves, but many of
+their brave men had been slain and others were wounded and weary, so
+they could not hope again to win a victory over their strong foes.
+Before the battle, Queen Boadicea, with her fair hair waving in the
+wind, stood before her soldiers and spoke to them. She told them of the
+wrong which the Romans had done, and begged them to fight bravely for
+their country. Then she got into her chariot, and with her daughters
+lying at her feet, drove to and fro, so that all might see them.
+
+And the soldiers shouted, and promised to fight to the end for their
+brave queen.
+
+They did fight long and bravely, until most of them were killed, but
+their foes were too strong for them. When Queen Boadicea saw that her
+brave soldiers were beaten, she drank some poison which killed her. She
+thought it better to die than to be again taken prisoner by the cruel
+Romans.
+
+[Illustration: QUEEN BOADICEA AND HER SOLDIERS]
+
+
+
+
+=King Alfred and the Cakes=
+
+
+Once, when good King Alfred of England was forced to flee from his
+strong foes the Danes, he hid himself in a wood. In this wood, there was
+a small cottage, and Alfred asked the woman who lived there if he might
+go in and rest.
+
+Now the woman did not know the king, but she saw that he was an English
+soldier, and that he was very tired, so she let him come in and sit in
+her kitchen.
+
+Upon the hearth before the fire, some cakes were baking, and the woman
+told the stranger that if he watched them, and took care that they did
+not burn, she would give him some supper. Then she went away to do her
+work.
+
+At first, King Alfred watched the cakes carefully; when they were well
+cooked on one side he turned the other to the fire. But, after a time,
+he began to think of his country, and of his poor people, and then he
+forgot his task.
+
+When the woman came back, the cakes were black and burnt. "You are an
+idle fellow," cried she angrily. "You would be quite ready to eat the
+cakes, but you will not take the trouble to watch them."
+
+While she was loudly scolding, her husband came home. He knew King
+Alfred. "Hush, wife!" cried he. "It is our noble lord the king!"
+
+When the woman heard this, she was much afraid, and she begged Alfred to
+forgive her.
+
+The king smiled, and said: "I will gladly forgive you for your scolding,
+good wife, if you will forgive me for spoiling your supper."
+
+[Illustration: KING ALFRED FORGETS THE CAKES]
+
+
+
+
+=Not Angles, but Angels=
+
+
+In old days the people of England were not all free, as they are now.
+Sometimes young men, and women, and little children were sold as slaves,
+and had to work hard for their masters.
+
+Many of these slaves were sent to Rome, for the Romans thought the tall,
+fair Angles very beautiful, and liked to have them as their servants.
+
+Once, a wise and good preacher, named Gregory, was walking through the
+market-place in Rome, when he saw a group of slaves standing there,
+waiting to be bought. Among these slaves were some pretty boys with long
+yellow hair, and blue eyes, and white skin. This was a strange sight to
+Gregory, for most of the people in his land had dark hair, and brown
+skin.
+
+"Who are these boys?" asked he of a man who was standing by.
+
+"They are Angles from over the sea," replied the man.
+
+"Surely not Angles, but Angels," said the preacher, looking kindly into
+the boys' faces. "Do they come from England?"
+
+"From heathen England, where men do not know the true God," said the
+man.
+
+"Some day they shall be taught to know God, and then indeed they shall
+be angels," said Gregory.
+
+Now Gregory did not go away and forget this. When he became a great man
+and Bishop of Rome, he sent a good preacher, named Augustine, to
+England, to preach to the people there, and to teach them to be
+Christians.
+
+[Illustration: THE ENGLISH PRISONERS AT ROME]
+
+
+
+
+=Hereward the Wake=
+
+
+When William of Normandy came over the sea, and took the crown of
+England, many English people would not call him king. The young lord
+Hereward was one of these. He and his men made for themselves a "Camp of
+Refuge" among the reeds and rushes on the marshes. All day they lay
+there, hidden from view by the mists which rose from the watery ground,
+and at night they came out, and attacked the Normans in their tents, and
+burned their towns.
+
+Hereward was called "the Wake" because he was so watchful and wide-awake
+that the Normans could not catch him. They were always trying to find
+him, but they did not know the safe paths over the marshes which he and
+his men used, and when they tried to cross, they sank with their horses
+in the soft muddy ground, and had to turn back.
+
+But at last a false friend of the English showed them the way to the
+"Camp of Refuge", and then Hereward had to flee to save his life. He
+went with a few friends to the sea-shore, and there he found some
+fishermen who were going to sell fish to the Norman guards in an English
+town.
+
+The fishermen took Hereward and his men into their boats, and covered
+them with straw; then they set sail. The Norman guards bought the fish
+as usual, and had it served for dinner. While they were eating it, the
+English soldiers came quietly from the boats, and killed most of them
+before they could get their swords to defend themselves. When the
+English people in the place saw this, they gladly joined Hereward and
+made him master of their town.
+
+[Illustration: HEREWARD AND HIS MEN ATTACK THE NORMANS]
+
+
+
+
+=Canute=
+
+
+There was once a king of England, named Canute, who was a brave and
+clever man. But he had many lords in his court who were very foolish.
+They feared their master, and wished to please him, and because they
+knew that he was somewhat vain of his strength and cleverness, they
+thought he would like to be told that he was great, and wise, and
+powerful.
+
+So they praised him every day, and told him that all he did and all he
+said was good. They said he was the greatest king on earth, and there
+was nothing in the world too hard for him to do if he chose. At last
+King Canute tired of their vain words.
+
+One day, as he walked with his lords on the sea-shore, one of them told
+him that even the waves would obey him.
+
+"Bring a chair," said Canute, "and place it close to the water."
+
+The chair was brought, and set upon the sand, and the king sat down and
+spoke to the waves.
+
+"I command you to come no farther," cried he.
+
+But the waves came on and on, until they wetted Canute's feet, and
+splashed his chair.
+
+Then the king rose and went to his lords, who were standing a little way
+off, staring at their master, and talking in low tones about his strange
+conduct.
+
+"Learn from this to keep your tongues from idle praise," said he
+sternly. "No king is great and powerful but God. He only can say to the
+sea: 'Thus far shalt thou come, and no farther.'"
+
+[Illustration: CANUTE ORDERS THE TIDE TO STOP]
+
+
+
+
+=The Brave Men of Calais=
+
+
+Many years ago, King Edward III of England took the town of Calais from
+the French king. He could not take it by force, for the walls were very
+strong, but he succeeded by another plan. He placed his soldiers all
+round the walls, and would let no one go into the town to take food to
+the people. Inside the walls, the people waited bravely, but at last all
+their food was eaten, and then they knew that if they tried to hold the
+town any longer they would starve.
+
+So the governor sent word to King Edward that he would give up the city,
+and begged him to have mercy on the people.
+
+But Edward was angry. "Tell your masters," said he to the messenger,
+"that I will not spare the people unless six of the chief men come out
+to me, with their feet bare, and ropes around their necks."
+
+At this sad news, the poor starving people cried aloud. But soon six
+brave men were found who were ready to die for their countrymen, and,
+with their feet bare and ropes around their necks, they went out to the
+place where King Edward was waiting, with Queen Philippa and the English
+nobles.
+
+"Great king!" said the men, "we bring you the keys of our town, and we
+pray you to have mercy on us."
+
+But the king would not listen. "Take them away and cut off their heads,"
+he cried angrily. And when his nobles begged him to spare such brave
+enemies he would not listen to them.
+
+[Illustration: QUEEN PHILIPPA PLEADS FOR THE MEN OF CALAIS]
+
+Then Queen Philippa, whose heart was filled with pity for the poor men,
+fell upon her knees.
+
+"My lord," she cried, "if you love me, give me the lives of these men."
+
+King Edward could not bear to see his beautiful queen in tears upon the
+ground, so he raised her, saying: "Lady, I wish you had not been here,
+for I cannot say you nay. Take the men, they are yours."
+
+Then Queen Philippa joyfully led the brave men away, and gave them food
+and clothes, and sent them back to their friends. So they, and all the
+people of Calais, were saved.
+
+[Illustration: THE MEN OF CALAIS ARE SPARED°]
+
+[Illustration: WAT TYLER°]
+
+
+
+
+=Wat Tyler=
+
+
+In our days, all people in our land, except prisoners, are free to go
+where they will, and to do what work they please. In olden times it was
+not so. Then, the poorer people were treated like slaves by the nobles;
+they had to work hard for their masters, and they were not allowed to
+move from one place to another without asking leave.
+
+This was hard, and it made the people very angry. In the days of the
+boy-king Richard II, a great many workmen made up their minds to obey
+the nobles no longer. They banded themselves together in a large army,
+chose a man named Wat Tyler for their leader, and marched to London.
+
+The Mayor of London tried to stop them, by pulling up the drawbridge
+which crossed the river Thames, but they forced him by threats to let it
+down again. Then they rushed through the streets of London, frightening
+all the people they met by their wild looks and cries. They broke open
+the prisons, and set the prisoners free, and burned the palaces of the
+nobles, but they killed no man and robbed none.
+
+The nobles were much alarmed. With young King Richard at their head,
+they rode out to meet this army, and to ask the people what they wanted.
+
+"We want to be free, and we want our children to be free after us," said
+Wat Tyler.
+
+"I promise you that you shall have your wish, if you will return quietly
+to your homes," said the king.
+
+At this, the people shouted with joy, and all might have been well; but
+the mayor, seeing Wat Tyler raise his hand, and fearing that he was
+going to strike the king, drew his sword, and killed the leader of the
+people.
+
+Then the joyful shouts changed to cries and growls of anger. Arms were
+raised, and the crowd began to press forward. In a minute the little
+band of nobles would have been attacked, but the boy-king saw the
+danger. Boldly riding to meet the angry people, he put himself at their
+head. "What need ye, my masters?" cried he. "I am your captain and your
+king. Follow me."
+
+The crowd stopped, surprised by this bold act; the loud cries ceased,
+and swords and staves were lowered. These rough men did not wish to harm
+their young sovereign, but to free him from the nobles who gave him evil
+counsel. They were greatly pleased to find him upon their side, and,
+with perfect trust and loyalty, they followed where he led; and so for a
+time the danger was past.
+
+[Illustration: YOUNG KING RICHARD QUELLS THE REBELLION]
+
+
+
+
+=Bruce and the Spider=
+
+
+Robert Bruce, King of Scotland, sad and weary, lay upon the floor of a
+lonely cave among the hills. His mind was full of anxious thoughts, for
+he was hiding from the English soldiers, who sought to take him--alive
+or dead--to their king. The brave Scots had lost many battles, and Bruce
+began to fear that he would never make his dear country free.
+
+"I will give up trying," said he.
+
+Just then a spider, hanging from the roof of the cave, by a long thread,
+swung before the king's eyes, and he left his gloomy thoughts to see
+what the little creature would do.
+
+The spider began to climb its thread slowly, pulling itself up little by
+little; but it had gone only a short way, when it slipped and fell to
+the end once more.
+
+Again and again it started to climb, and again and again it slipped
+back, until it had fallen six times.
+
+"Surely the silly little creature will now give up trying to climb so
+fine a thread," thought Bruce. But the spider did no such thing. It
+started on its upward journey yet a seventh time, and this time it did
+not fall. Up it went, inch by inch, higher and higher, until at last it
+reached the roof, and was safely at home.
+
+"Bravo!" cried the king. "The spider has taught me a lesson. I too will
+try until I win."
+
+Bruce kept his word. He led his brave men to battle, again and again,
+until at last the English were driven back to their own land, and
+Scotland was free.
+
+[Illustration: BRUCE WATCHING THE SPIDER]
+
+[Illustration: RICHARD LION HEART FIGHTING IN THE HOLY LAND]
+
+
+
+
+=Richard and Blondel=
+
+
+In a gloomy prison, in a foreign land, lay Richard I, King of England.
+He had been with some other kings to a great war in the Holy Land, where
+he had won battles, and taken cities, and gained much honour. Men called
+him Richard Lion-heart, because he was as brave as a lion in fighting,
+and his soldiers loved him and would follow him into any danger. One
+strong city, called Acre, held out for nearly two years against the
+armies of the other kings, but when Richard arrived it gave way almost
+at once.
+
+Because of his bravery, and his many victories, all men praised King
+Richard, and this made some of the other kings hate him, for they were
+jealous that he should have more honour than they. When he was on his
+way back to England, one of these envious men seized him secretly, and
+threw him into prison.
+
+And now poor Richard could fight no more, nor could he see the blue sky,
+and the green fields which he loved. One day, as he sat sad and lonely
+in his prison, he heard a voice singing, beneath the window. He started.
+"Surely," said he, "that is the voice of my old friend Blondel, and that
+is the song we used to sing together." When the song was ended, the king
+sang it again in a low voice. Then there was a joyful cry from the man
+outside, and Richard knew that it was indeed his friend.
+
+Blondel had journeyed many days seeking his lost master. Now he hastened
+to England, and told the people where to find their king, and very soon
+Richard was set free, and went back to his own land.
+
+[Illustration: BLONDEL SINGS BENEATH RICHARD'S WINDOW]
+
+
+
+
+=The White Ship=
+
+
+The night was dark, and a stormy wind was blowing, when the _White Ship_
+set sail from the shore of France. Prince William of England and his
+sister and their young friends were going back to their own land, after
+a visit to the French king.
+
+The English king, Henry I, with his courtiers, had sailed earlier, and
+had now almost reached home. But the prince would not go with them, he
+wished to make merry before starting.
+
+There had been eating, and drinking, and dancing, and singing on board
+the _White Ship_, and everyone was merry.
+
+But the sailors had drunk so much wine that they could not see to steer
+aright. Soon there was a crash, and the ship trembled. It had struck a
+rock, and was sinking.
+
+Then the sounds of merriment were changed to cries of fear. "Save us!"
+shrieked the terrified people. "Save the prince," cried the captain,
+"the rest of us must die!" There was only one small boat on the ship,
+and Prince William was put into this, and rowed away. But he had not
+gone far, when he heard his sister crying to him to save her.
+
+"Go back!" shouted he. The boat was rowed back, but when it came near
+the ship, so many people jumped into it, that it was overturned and all
+in it were drowned.
+
+Soon the _White Ship_ sank also, and of all the gay company upon it only
+one man was saved.
+
+When King Henry heard that his only son was dead, he was very sorrowful,
+and it is said that no man ever again saw a smile upon his face.
+
+[Illustration: PRINCE WILLIAM RETURNS TO SAVE HIS SISTER]
+
+
+
+
+=Joan of Arc=
+
+
+In a village in the green country of France, there once lived a girl
+named Joan. She spent her days in sewing and spinning, and in minding
+her father's sheep.
+
+At that time there was a sad war in France, and the English had won many
+battles. Joan was grieved to hear of the trouble of her country. She
+thought of it night and day, and one night she dreamt that an angel
+came, and told her to go and help the French prince.
+
+When Joan told her friends of this dream, they laughed at her.
+
+"How can a poor girl help the prince?" asked they.
+
+"I do not know," replied Joan; "but I must go, for God has sent me." So
+she went to the prince, and said: "Sir, my name is Joan. God has sent me
+to help you to win the crown of France."
+
+They gave Joan a suit of white armour, and a white horse, and set her at
+the head of the army. She led the soldiers to fight, and the rough men
+thought she was an angel, and fought so bravely that they won many
+battles.
+
+Then the prince was crowned King of France.
+
+When this was done, Joan felt that her work was over. "I would that I
+might go and keep sheep once more with my sisters and my brothers; they
+would be so glad to see me," pleaded she. But the king would not let her
+go. So Joan stayed; but her time of victory was past. Soon, she was
+taken prisoner by the English, and cruelly burned to death. She died as
+bravely as she had lived, and her name will never be forgotten.
+
+[Illustration: JOAN AT THE HEAD OF THE ARMY]
+
+
+
+
+AFLOAT WITH A TIGER.
+
+
+A traveler in faraway India relates the following thrilling adventure
+with a tiger: From the heavy rain which falls upon Indian mountains the
+low-lying country is liable to such sudden floods that every year many
+beasts, and even human beings, are drowned ere they can make their
+escape to the higher grounds. On one occasion a terrible flood came up
+so suddenly that I had to spend a day and night in an open canoe in
+consequence, during which time I had good opportunities of seeing the
+good and bad effects produced by them. I lived at the time in a mat
+house, situated upon a hill which I supposed was quite above high-water
+mark, but an old Mahometan gentleman having told me that, when he was a
+little boy, he recollected the water once rising higher than the hill, I
+took the precaution of keeping a canoe in a small ditch close at hand.
+
+The rainy season began, and daily the river rose higher. One morning we
+noticed that the mountain tops were covered with heavy banks of dark
+clouds, though no rain fell out on the plain where we were; but we
+noticed many animals, a leopard among others, sneak out of the high
+grass and make for hilly ground. The most curious thing, however, was
+the smart manner in which rats and even grasshoppers came scampering
+away from the threatening danger. These latter came in such crowds
+toward my bungalow that not only the fowls about the premises had a good
+feed on them, but kites and crows began to swoop down in such numbers
+that the air was filled with their cries and the noise of their rushing
+wings.
+
+[Illustration: AFLOAT WITH A TIGER°]
+
+While watching the immense destruction of these insects we were
+startled by the outbreak of the thunderstorm high up on the mountains,
+but far above the peals of thunder rose the terrible sound of rushing
+water. Animals now came tearing out of the lowlands too terrified to
+notice whither they went, so that I stood ready, gun in hand, in case
+any of the dangerous kind should try to seek an asylum on my particular
+hill; but with the exception of a huge wild boar, who had to be shot as
+he charged up the slope, all took refuge elsewhere.
+
+Soon the water burst through the river bank, spreading over the country,
+sweeping down the tall grass jungle and surging and roaring round our
+hill. Packing all that was valuable in small parcels, we gathered them
+in a heap, hoping that the flood would subside ere it reached the
+building. All round about large trees, uprooted by the terrible force of
+the deluge, were swept along, several animals vainly trying to keep a
+footing among their roots and branches. At last the water reached the
+steps of the house; so, pulling our boat close up, we stepped in with
+what we could save and hung to the wooden posts of the building, vainly
+trusting that the worst had come; but it was not so, for we soon had to
+leave go the post and pass the boat's rope round a tree. The water then
+rushed in, the house toppled over, and it and its contents were swept
+away by the flood.
+
+In a short time the tree began to shake and bend, so we knew that it was
+being uprooted; therefore, letting go the rope, we launched forth upon
+the seething waste of waters and were whirled away. Onward we rushed
+through masses of logs, branches, the remains of houses, and such like
+wreck, having to be very careful that our frail vessel did not get upset
+or crushed. Twice we made for the tops of hills that showed themselves
+above water, but on approaching them we found that they had been taken
+possession of by wild animals.
+
+Here a tiger crouched on a branch of a tree, seemingly too much alarmed
+at his perilous position to molest the half-dozen deer that crowded
+timidly together right underneath his perch. Up above him the smaller
+branches were stocked with monkeys, who looked very disconsolate at
+their enforced imprisonment. As we swept past, the tiger raised his
+head, gave a deep growl and showed his teeth, then crouched down again
+as if fully aware of his helplessness, and we had too much to think of
+ourselves to interfere with him.
+
+Gaining the open country, the scene was one of desolation; but the
+current was not so strong, so we turned round, seeing the flood was
+going down, and by nightfall we had got back to where the house had
+stood. Every vestige of the once pretty homestead had disappeared, with
+sheep and cattle, though the fowls had managed to find a roost on the
+topmost branches of some orange trees, which alone remained to mark the
+spot.
+
+As the moon rose, the mountaineers came down from the villages, and,
+embarking on rafts and in canoes, went round the different hills,
+shooting and spearing the animals that had swum there; and truly the
+sight of such a hunting scene was an exciting one. Here a stout stag,
+defending himself with his antlers as best he might against the
+spearsmen, kept up a gallant fight till death.
+
+The tiger we had seen in the morning took to swimming, and on being
+wounded with a spear turned on the nearest canoe, upsetting the hunters
+into the water, where a desperate encounter took place; but he was
+eventually dispatched by a blow from an ax--not, however, before he had
+clawed some of his pursuers most severely.
+
+At daylight the water had entirely gone down, and a thick, muddy deposit
+covered all the lowland, while an immense number of snakes, scorpions,
+and other unpleasant creatures lay dead in all directions, upon which
+and the drowned animals vultures, crows and kites were feeding.
+
+
+
+
+=Queen Margaret and the Robbers.=
+
+
+There were once two kings of England at the same time. One was Henry VI.
+He was the rightful king, but a very weak and feeble man, and quite
+unfit to rule his kingdom.
+
+The other was young Edward, Duke of York, called Edward IV. He was made
+king by some of the nobles, who grew weary of Henry and his foolish
+deeds.
+
+A number of the English people were faithful to King Henry, but many
+others went over to King Edward's side, and there were quarrels between
+the two parties, which ended in a war. This war was called the War of
+the Roses, because the followers of Henry wore a red rose as their
+badge, and Edward's friends wore a white one.
+
+In one battle, fought at Hexham, the White Roses beat the Red ones, and
+King Henry was taken prisoner and sent to the Tower of London. His wife,
+Queen Margaret, with her little son, Prince Edward, escaped after the
+battle, and hid themselves in a wild forest. As they wandered among the
+trees, seeking some place where they might be safe from their enemies,
+they met a band of robbers. These rough men took away the queen's money
+and her jewels, tearing her necklace from her neck, and her rings from
+her fingers. Then they began to dispute as to who should have most of
+the stolen goods. And while they quarrelled, Queen Margaret took her
+little boy by the hand and ran away to a thick part of the wood. There
+they stayed until the angry voices of the robbers could no longer be
+heard, and then, in the growing darkness, they came stealthily from
+their hiding-place. They wandered on, knowing not where to go, hoping
+much to meet some of their friends, and fearing still more to be found
+by their enemies, the soldiers of the White Rose. But, alas! they saw no
+kind face, and night came on. Then, as they crept fearfully from tree to
+tree, they met another robber.
+
+[Illustration: THE ROBBERS DISCOVER QUEEN MARGARET AND THE PRINCE]
+
+The poor queen was much afraid that this robber, who looked very fierce,
+would kill her and the prince, because she had no riches left to give
+him. In despair she threw herself upon her knees before him, and said:
+"My friend, this is the son of your king. I give him into your care."
+
+The robber was much surprised to see the queen and the prince alone,
+with their clothes torn and stained, and their faces white from hunger
+and fatigue. But he was a kindhearted man, although his looks were
+rough, and before he became a robber he had been a follower of King
+Henry, so he was quite willing to do his best for the little prince. He
+took the boy in his arms, and led the way to a cave in the forest, where
+he lived with his wife. And in this poor shelter, the queen and her son
+stayed for two days, listening to every sound, and fearing that their
+enemies would find them. On the third day, however, the friendly robber
+met some of the lords of the Red Rose in the forest, and led them to the
+cave. The queen and prince were overjoyed to see their friends, and soon
+they escaped with them to a place of safety.
+
+Their hiding-place has been called "Queen Margaret's Cave" ever since
+that time. If you go to Hexham Forest, you will be able to see it.
+
+[Illustration: The Robber brings help to Queen Margaret]
+
+
+
+
+=William Caxton=
+
+
+In old days, books were not printed as they are now; they were written
+by hand. This took a long time to do, so there were not many books, and
+they were so dear that only the rich could buy them.
+
+But after a time, some clever men made a machine, called a
+printing-press, which could print letters.
+
+About that time, an Englishman, named William Caxton, lived in Holland,
+and copied books for a great lady. He says his hand grew tired with
+writing, and his eyes became dim with much looking on white paper. So he
+learned how to print, and had a printing-press made for himself, which
+he brought to England. He set it up in a little shop in London, and then
+he began to print books. He printed books of all sorts--tales, and
+poetry, and history, and prayers, and sermons. In the time which it had
+formerly taken him to write one book, he could now print thousands.
+
+All sorts of people crowded to his shop to see Caxton's wonderful press;
+sometimes the king went with his nobles. Many of them took written books
+with them, which they wished to have put into print. Some people asked
+Caxton to use in his books the most curious words he could find; others
+wished him to print only old and homely words. Caxton liked best the
+common, simple words which men used daily in their speech.
+
+Caxton did a very good thing when he brought the printing-press to
+England, for, after that, books became much cheaper, so that many people
+could buy them, and learning spread in the land.
+
+[Illustration: CAXTON IN HIS PRINTING SHOP]
+
+
+
+
+=Sir Philip Sidney=
+
+
+When Elizabeth was Queen of England it was a time of great deeds and
+great men. The queen was brave and clever herself, so she liked to have
+brave and clever people around her. Great soldiers, and writers, and
+statesmen went to her court; and when brave seamen came back from their
+voyages to unknown lands far away, they were invited by the queen to
+visit her, and tell her of all the strange places and people they had
+seen. In this Elizabeth was wise, for men did their best to show
+themselves worthy of her favours.
+
+Among all the great men at court, none was more beloved than Sir Philip
+Sidney. He was called "the darling of the court".
+
+[Illustration: SIR PHILIP SIDNEY°]
+
+At that time, there was much trouble and many wars in some other
+countries, where people were fighting for the right to worship God in
+their own way. Philip Sidney heard of these things when he was a boy in
+his father's house, and his heart was stirred with pity. Later, when he
+was in France, a great number of people were cruelly killed because they
+would not pray in the way which the king ordered. Sidney never forgot
+the dreadful sights and sounds of that sad time, and when Queen
+Elizabeth sent an army to help the people of Holland, who were fighting
+for their freedom, he asked for leave to go with it. This was granted to
+him, and he was made one of the leaders.
+
+[Illustration: MARTYRED FOR PRAYING°]
+
+But alas! he went out to die. In one battle, a small band of the English
+bravely attacked a large army of their enemies. The horse which Sidney
+was riding was killed under him, and as he mounted another, he was shot
+in the leg, and his thigh-bone was broken. The horse took fright and
+galloped away from the fight, but its wounded and bleeding rider held
+to his seat, and when he reached a place of safety was lifted from his
+horse, and gently laid upon the ground. He was faint from loss of blood,
+and in great pain, and his throat was parched with thirst.
+
+"Bring me water," said he to a friend.
+
+This was not easy to do, for there was not a stream near at hand, and in
+order to get to one it would be necessary to pass where the shot from
+the enemy's cannons was falling fast. But his friend was brave and went
+through the danger. Then he found some water, and brought it to him.
+Sidney eagerly held out his hand for the cup, and as he was preparing to
+drink, another poor wounded soldier was carried past. This man was
+dying; he could not speak, but he looked with longing eyes at the water.
+Sir Philip saw the look, and taking the cup from his own lips, passed it
+to the soldier, saying: "Thy need is greater than mine." The poor man
+quenched his thirst, and blessed him as he died.
+
+Sir Philip lived on for a few weeks, growing weaker every day, but he
+never came back to his own land, and the many friends who loved him.
+
+Sidney was great in many ways; very fair to see, very wise and good, and
+very clever and witty. He was one of the bravest fighters, one of the
+finest poets, and one of the best gentlemen who ever lived. He will
+always be remembered for his brave deeds, and his wise sayings, but most
+of all do men bless his name for this act of kindness to his poor dying
+comrade.
+
+[Illustration: SIR PHILIP SIDNEY AND THE DYING SOLDIER]
+
+
+
+
+=The "Revenge"=
+
+
+In the days of Queen Elizabeth, English sailors first began to find
+their way across the seas to new lands, from which they brought home
+many strange, and rich, and beautiful things. The Spaniards sailed
+across the seas too, to fetch gold and silver from the mines in Mexico,
+which belonged to the King of Spain. Sometimes the English ships met the
+Spanish ones, and robbed them of their gold, for it was thought quite
+right and fair in those days to take every chance of doing harm to the
+enemies of England. Of course the Spaniards hated the English for this,
+and whenever they met English ships which were weaker than theirs they
+attacked them, and robbed them, killing the sailors, or taking them
+prisoners.
+
+Once, a small ship, called the _Revenge_, was sailing home to England,
+when it met with fifty great Spanish vessels. The captain of the
+_Revenge_ was Sir Richard Grenville, and he had a great many sick men on
+board. There was no time to escape from the Spanish ships, which soon
+surrounded the little _Revenge_. So there were only two courses which
+Sir Richard could take. One was to give up his ship to the Spaniards;
+the other was to fight with them till his men were all killed, or his
+ship sank.
+
+Some of the sailors wished him to take the first course, but the others,
+and all the sick men, said: "Nay, let us fall into the hands of God, and
+not into the hands of Spain." This they said because they thought it
+better to die, than to be made prisoners by the cruel Spaniards.
+
+Sir Richard made up his mind to fight. It was after noon when the
+firing began, and all night long, until daylight came, the little
+English ship kept the fifty Spanish vessels at bay. Then it was found
+that all the powder was gone, and all the English were dead or dying.
+And then only was the flag of the _Revenge_ pulled down, to show that
+she surrendered to her enemies.
+
+The brave Sir Richard was taken on board a Spanish ship, where he soon
+died of his wounds.
+
+These were his last words: "Here die I, Richard Grenville, with a joyful
+and quiet mind, for I have ended my life as a good soldier ought. I have
+fought for my country and my queen, for honour, and for God."
+
+[Illustration: DEATH OF SIR RICHARD GRENVILLE°]
+
+
+
+
+=The Pilgrim Fathers=
+
+
+There was a time when the people of England were not allowed to pray to
+God in the way they thought right, but were punished if they did not
+worship as the king ordered. This was very hard, and when James I was
+king, a little band of brave people, who found that they could not obey
+the king, left their country to make a new home across the sea, where
+they could be free. They are called the "Pilgrim Fathers".
+
+A hundred people--men, women, and children--set sail in a little ship
+called the _Mayflower_ for the new world which a great explorer called
+Columbus had discovered away in the west, and which we now call America.
+They had a long and stormy voyage, but at last, in mid-winter, they
+landed on the shores of North America, and set up their huts.
+
+At first they had much trouble, for the ground was frozen and barren.
+They suffered from hunger and sickness, and the wild Indians who lived
+in that land came down upon them and tried to drive them away. But the
+Pilgrim Fathers did not lose courage. They were free, and they worked
+hard, and waited in patience for brighter days. By and by other ships
+from England brought food to keep them alive, and more people to help
+them. Then they made friends with the Indians, and when spring came they
+planted seeds and grew crops for themselves.
+
+After a time many other Englishmen, who wished to be free, followed the
+Pilgrim Fathers, and settled in America. They founded the colonies of
+New England, which are now a part of the United States.
+
+[Illustration: THE PILGRIM FATHERS ENTERING THE NEW WORLD]
+
+
+
+
+=Guy Fawkes=
+
+
+In the time of James I, many of the English people were very hardly
+treated because of their religion. At last they could bear the ill-usage
+no longer, and they thought of a plan to get rid of the king and queen
+and their eldest son.
+
+Many barrels of gunpowder were secretly put into a cellar under the
+Parliament House, where James was to meet his lords and commons on
+November 5; and a man named Guy Fawkes was hired to set fire to it at
+the right time, and so to blow up the hall above, and all in it.
+
+All was ready, when one of the plotters remembered that a friend of his
+would be at the meeting next day. As he did not wish him to be killed,
+he sent him a letter, without signing his name, saying: "Do not go to
+the House, for there shall be a sudden blow to many, and they shall not
+see who hurts them".
+
+The lord who received this letter took it to the King's Council, and
+when King James saw it, he guessed what the "sudden blow" would be. Men
+were sent to search the cellars, and there, on the very night before the
+deed was to be done, Guy Fawkes was found waiting till the time should
+come to set fire to the powder. He was cruelly tortured to make him tell
+all he knew, but he was a brave man, and he died without betraying his
+friends.
+
+Since that time, every year, on the 5th of November, bonfires have been
+lighted in many places in England, and "guys" burned, to remind people
+how an English king was once saved from a great danger.
+
+[Illustration: THE ARREST OF GUY FAWKES]
+
+
+
+
+=Cromwell and his Ironsides=
+
+
+When Charles I came to the throne of England, it was soon seen that he
+was as bad a king as his father James I had been.
+
+He did not care at all for the good of his country and his people, but
+thought only of his own pleasure. He took away men's money and lands,
+and if they offended him he took their lives too.
+
+Englishmen would not bear this unjust treatment for long, and soon a war
+began between the king and the people, who were determined to be free.
+
+At first the king and his men were victorious everywhere, for they were
+all used to horses and arms, and fought so well and so bravely that the
+people could not stand against them. But at last a great leader arose
+among the people. This leader, who was called Oliver Cromwell, was a
+rough man, but he was just, good, and honest.
+
+He saw at once that the people would never gain the victory over the
+brave gentlemen-soldiers of King Charles, unless they had obedient and
+well-trained men to fight for them. So he chose a band of plain,
+hard-working men who feared God, and loved duty and right, and he spent
+all his money in fitting them with arms and horses, and in training them
+sternly, until they became the finest soldiers the world has ever known.
+Cromwell called his men his "lovely company", and others called them
+"Ironsides", for they were strong and firm as iron, and were never
+beaten. It was these brave, sober, obedient soldiers who at last
+defeated the king's army, and won freedom for the people of England.
+
+[Illustration: CROMWELL LEADS HIS IRONSIDES TO BATTLE]
+
+
+
+
+=The Spanish Armada=
+
+
+The Armada was a great fleet which the King of Spain sent to attack
+England, in the days of Queen Elizabeth. There were more than a hundred
+ships, so large and high that they looked like towers on the sea; and
+they came sailing along arranged in the shape of a big half-moon.
+
+The great English admiral, Sir Francis Drake, was playing at bowls when
+messengers came hurrying to tell him that the Armada was approaching. He
+quietly finished his game, and then set sail to fight the Spaniards. His
+fleet was not so large as the Armada, and the ships were small, but they
+were light and fast. They met the Armada in the English Channel, and
+sailed round it, attacking any ship that dropped out of line, and
+speeding away before the clumsy Spanish vessels could seize them. In
+this way they did much harm to the enemy. Then, one night, when it was
+dark, and the Spanish vessels were lying quietly at anchor, Admiral
+Drake sent eight blazing fire-ships into their midst. In great fear, the
+Spaniards cut their anchor-ropes, and sailed out to the open sea, and
+the English ships followed, firing upon them as they fled. For two days
+the English chased the flying Spaniards. Then their powder and shot
+failed, and a storm arose; so they had to go back. The Armada sailed on,
+hoping to escape, but the wild tempest tossed many of the great vessels
+on the rocks and cliffs of the coast, and dashed them to pieces. Only a
+few, broken and battered, with starving and weary men on board, ever
+reached Spain again. And so England was saved.
+
+[Illustration: DRAKE IS TOLD THAT THE ARMADA IS APPROACHING]
+
+[Illustration: THE LITTLE "REVENGE" FIGHTS FIFTY SPANISH GALLEONS]
+
+
+
+
+=The Defence of Lathom House=
+
+
+Lathom House is an old English castle. When the war broke out between
+King Charles I and his people, the Earl of Derby, who was the master of
+this castle, went away to fight for the king. He left the Countess at
+home with her children, with a small band of armed men to guard her and
+the castle. One day an army of the people's soldiers came to the castle,
+and the leader of the army sent word to the Countess that she must give
+up the castle at once.
+
+But the Countess was a brave woman. She replied that she would rather
+set fire to the castle, and die with her children in the flames, than
+give it up to the king's enemies.
+
+Then began a fight which lasted many weeks. The large army outside the
+walls did their best to break a way in, but the small company inside
+defended the castle bravely. At last the leader of the besiegers brought
+a strong new gun, and it was soon seen that this would break down the
+walls. Then one night the Countess sent out a party of brave men, who
+seized the new gun and brought it into the castle, and so the worst
+danger was over. Soon afterwards Prince Rupert, one of the king's
+generals, came with an army to help the Countess, and Lathom House was
+saved.
+
+The prince drove away the soldiers of the people, and took from them
+twenty-two banners, which he sent as a present to the Countess, to show
+how much he admired her bravery.
+
+[Illustration: THE COUNTESS RECEIVES THE BANNERS]
+
+
+
+
+THE OUTLAWED ARCHERS.
+
+
+Many years ago there dwelt in the forest of Inglewood, in the North
+country, three yeomen, who had been outlawed for killing the king's
+deer. They were all famous archers, and defying every attempt to arrest
+them, they lived a free life in the green wood. But finally growing
+tired of this dangerous life, they went to the king to sue for pardon.
+It happened that the king's archers were exhibiting their skill by
+shooting at marks, which none of them missed. But one of the outlawed
+archers, named Cloudesly, made light of their skill, and told the king
+that he could do better than any of his archers had done. "To prove the
+truth of my claim," he said, "I will take my son, who is only seven
+years old and is dear to me, and I will tie him to a stake, and lay an
+apple on his head, and go six score paces from him, and with a broad
+arrow I will cleave the apple in two."
+
+"Now listen," said the king, "and do as you say; but if you touch his
+head, or his dress, you shall be hanged all three."
+
+"I will not go back on my word," said Cloudesly; and driving a stake
+into the ground, he bound thereto his little son, and placed an apple on
+his head. All being ready he bent his bow, the arrow flew from the
+string, the apple was cleft in twain, and the child was unhurt. The king
+thereupon pardoned the three outlaws and received them into his
+service.
+
+[Illustration: CLOUDSEY SHOOTS AN APPLE FROM THE HEAD OF HIS SON°]
+
+
+
+
+=Elizabeth and Raleigh=
+
+
+Sir Walter Raleigh was a favourite courtier of Queen Elizabeth. An old
+story tells us of the way he won her favour.
+
+One day, as the queen and her ladies were out walking, dressed in fine
+robes of silk and lace, they came to a miry puddle in the road. The
+queen stopped in dismay, for she did not like getting her feet wet and
+dirty. As she was thinking how best to step through the mud, a young man
+in a rich suit came along the road.
+
+Directly he saw the queen, young Raleigh, for it was he, sprang forward,
+and, taking off his velvet cloak, spread it over the mud for her to walk
+upon.
+
+Elizabeth was much pleased; she rewarded Raleigh with a post in the
+palace. There, one day, he wrote upon a window which he knew the queen
+would pass: "Fain would I climb, but that I fear to fall". When
+Elizabeth saw this, she added these words: "If thy heart fail thee,
+climb not at all". However, Raleigh did climb very soon to a high place,
+for he was clever and brave as well as polite, and he served the queen
+in many ways.
+
+It is said that his ships first brought potatoes and tobacco to England
+from America, and that he was the first man in this country to smoke.
+One day, a servant brought a jug of ale into the room where Raleigh was
+sitting and smoking. The man was much alarmed to see smoke coming from
+his master's mouth, and he quickly emptied the jug of ale over Raleigh's
+head, to put out the fire which he thought was burning within him.
+
+[Illustration: RALEIGH SPREADS HIS CLOAK BEFORE ELIZABETH]
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's True Stories of Wonderful Deeds, by Anonymous
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TRUE STORIES OF WONDERFUL DEEDS ***
+
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diff --git a/22080-8.zip b/22080-8.zip
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of True Stories of Wonderful Deeds, by Unknown.
+    </title>
+    <style type="text/css">
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of True Stories of Wonderful Deeds, by Anonymous
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: True Stories of Wonderful Deeds
+       Pictures and Stories for Little Folk
+
+Author: Anonymous
+
+Release Date: July 16, 2007 [EBook #22080]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TRUE STORIES OF WONDERFUL DEEDS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Thomas Strong, Fox in the Stars
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<div class="trans-note">Transcriber's Note:  Obvious mis-spellings and printing errors have been
+ corrected. Table of Contents, List of Illustrations and page numbers, each of which is not included
+ in the original, are supplied. Illustration captions marked with ° are supplied. All other inconsistencies
+ are as in the original.</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p class="center"><a name="image-1" id="image-1"><!-- Image 1 --></a>
+<img src="images/cover1s.jpg" height="400" width="245" alt="BOOK COVER" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/cover1x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p class="center"><a name="image-2" id="image-2"><!-- Image 2 --></a>
+<img src="images/adverts.jpg" height="400" width="260" alt="ADVERTISEMENT" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/advertx.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p class="center"><a name="image-3" id="image-3"><!-- Image 3 --></a>
+<img src="images/il001s.jpg" height="250" width="500" alt="DECO ART" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il001x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p class="center"><a name="image-4" id="image-4"><!-- Image 4 --></a>
+<img src="images/il002s.jpg" height="400" width="265" alt="TITLE PAGE" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il002x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<a name="toc" id="toc"></a>
+<h2 class="space">TABLE OF CONTENTS</h2>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Table of Contents" style="width: 80%;">
+<tr>
+<td align='left' style="width: 80%;">&nbsp;</td>
+<td align='right' style="width: 20%;"><span class="smcap">page</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='left'><span class="smcap">The Royal Oak</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#oak">2</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Bonnie Prince Charlie</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#prince">5</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Nelson and Hardy</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#nelson">7</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Watt and the Kettle</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#watt">9</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Queen Victoria and her Soldiers</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#vic">11</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">The Relief of Lucknow</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#luck">13</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Grace Darling</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#grace">15</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">David Livingstone</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#david">17</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">The Battle of Waterloo</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#water">19</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">The Charge of the Light Brigade</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#charge">22</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">The Coronation of King Edward VII</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#ed">24</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">War</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#war">26</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">A Boy's Heroic Deeds</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#boy">28</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">A Cat's Extraordinary Leap</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#cat">31</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">A Brave Queen</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#brave">33</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">King Alfred and the Cakes</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#cakes">36</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Not Angles, but Angels</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#angels">38</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Hereward the Wake</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#wake">40</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Canute</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#canute">42</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">The Brave Men of Calais</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#men">44</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Wat Tyler</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#wat">47</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Bruce and the Spider</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#bruce">50</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Richard and Blondel</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#blondel">53</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">The White Ship</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#ship">55</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Joan of Arc</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#arc">57</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Afloat With A Tiger</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#tiger">59</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Queen Margaret and the Robbers</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#robbers">63</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">William Caxton</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#caxton">67</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Sir Philip Sidney</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#sir">69</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">The "Revenge"</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#revenge">73</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">The Pilgrim Fathers</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#pilgrim">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Guy Fawkes</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#guy">77</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Cromwell and his Ironsides</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#iron">79</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">The Spanish Armada</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#armada">81</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">The Defence of Lathom House</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#house">84</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">The Outlawed Archers</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#archers">86</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Elizabeth and Raleigh</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#eandr">88</a></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr />
+
+<a name="ill" id="ill"></a>
+<h2>LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS</h2>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Table of Contents" style="width: 80%;">
+<tr>
+<td align='left' style="width: 80%;">&nbsp;</td>
+<td align='right' style="width: 20%;"><span class="smcap">page</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">King Charles in Hiding</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">King Charles in the Oak</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_4">4</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Prince Charles at the Battle of Culloden</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_6">6</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Nelson on the "Victory" at Trafalgar</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_8">8</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Watching the Boiling Kettle</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_10">10</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Queen Victoria Visits Her Wounded Soldiers</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_12">12</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">The Highlanders Entering Lucknow</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_14">14</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Grace Darling Rows Out to the Wreck</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">The Meeting of Stanley and Livingstone</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_18">18</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">British Soldiers at the Battle of Waterloo</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_20">20</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">The Charge of the Light Brigade</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Aftermath of Battle°</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">King Edward vii and Queen Alexandria</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_25">25</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Spying on Indians°</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Saved from the Flood</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_28">28</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Queen Boadicea</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_32">32</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Queen Boadicea and Her Soldiers</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_35">35</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">King Alfred Forgets the Cakes</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_37">37</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">The English Prisoners at Rome</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_39">39</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Hereward and His Men Attack the Normans</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_41">41</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Canute Orders the Tide to Stop</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_43">43</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Queen Phillipa Pleads for the Men of Calais</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_45">45</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">The Men of Calais Are Spared°</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_46">46</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Wat Tyler°</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_47">47</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Young King Richard Quells the Rebellion</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Bruce Watching the Spider</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_51">51</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Richard Lion Heart Fighting in the Holy Land</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_52">52</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Blondel Sings Beneath Richard's Window</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_54">54</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Prince William Returns to Save His Sister</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Joan at the Head of the Army</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_58">58</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Afloat with a Tiger°</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_60">60</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">The Robbers Discover Queen Margaret and the Prince</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_64">64</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">The Robber Brings Help to Queen Margaret</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_66">66</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Caxton in His Printing Shop</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Sir Philip Sidney°</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_69">69</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Martyred for Praying°</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_70">70</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Sir Philip Sidney and the Dying Soldier</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_72">72</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Death of Sir Richard Grenville°</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_74">74</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">The Pilgrim Fathers Entering the New World</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">The Arrest of Guy Fawkes</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_78">78</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Cromwell Leads His Ironsides to Battle</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_80">80</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Drake is told that the Armada is Approaching</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_82">82</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">The Little "Revenge" Fights Fifty Spanish Galleons</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_83">83</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">The Countess Receives the Banners</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_85">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Cloudsey Shoots an Apple from the Head of His Son°</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_87">87</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="smcap">Raleigh Spreads His Cloak Before Elizabeth</span></td>
+<td align='right'><a href="#Page_89">89</a></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-5" id="image-5"><!-- Image 5 --></a>
+<img src="images/il003s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="265" alt="King Charles in Hiding" title="King Charles in Hiding" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il003x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">King Charles in Hiding</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="oak" id="oak"></a><b>The Royal Oak</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>There is in Shropshire a fine oak-tree which the
+country people there call the "Royal Oak". They
+say it is the great-grandson, or perhaps the great-great-grandson
+of another fine old oak, which more than two
+hundred years ago stood on the same spot, and served once
+as a shelter to an English king. This king was Charles II,
+the son of the unlucky Charles I who had his head cut off
+by his subjects because he was a weak and selfish ruler.</p>
+
+<p>On the very day on which that unhappy king lost his
+head, the Parliament passed a law forbidding anyone to make
+his son, Prince Charles of Wales, or any other person, king
+of England. But the Scottish people did not obey this law.
+They persuaded the young prince to sign a paper, solemnly
+promising to rule the country as they wished; then they
+crowned him king. As soon as the Parliament heard of
+this they sent Cromwell and his Ironsides against the newly-crowned
+king and his followers, and after several battles
+the Scottish army was at last broken up and scattered at
+Worcester.</p>
+
+<p>Charles fled and hid in a wood, where some poor
+wood-cutters took care of him and helped him. He put on
+some of their clothes, cut his hair short, and stained his face
+and hands brown so that he might appear to be a sunburnt
+workman like them. But it was some time before he
+could escape from the wood, for Cromwell's soldiers were
+searching it in the hope of finding some of the king's men.
+One day, Charles and two of his friends had to climb into
+the tall oak to avoid being caught. They had with them<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span>
+some food, which proved very useful, for they were obliged to
+stay in their strange hiding-place for a whole day. The top
+of the oak-tree had been cut off some few years before this
+time, and this had made the lower branches grow thick and
+bushy, so that people walking below could not easily see
+through them. It was a fortunate thing for Charles, for
+while he was in the tree, he heard the soldiers beating the
+boughs and bushes in the wood as they searched here and
+there, and even caught glimpses of them through the leaves
+as they rode about below.</p>
+
+<p>When they had gone, without even glancing up into
+the tall oak-tree, he came down, and rode away from the
+wood on an old mill-horse, with his friends the wood-cutters
+walking beside him to take care of him as best they could.
+The saddle was a poor one, and the horse's pace jolted
+Charles so much, that at last he cried out that he had never
+seen so bad a steed. At this the owner of the horse jestingly
+told him that he should not find fault with the poor animal,
+which had never before carried the weight of three kingdoms
+upon its back. He meant, of course, that Charles was king
+of the three kingdoms of England, and Scotland, and Ireland.</p>
+
+<p>Carried by the old horse, and helped by the poor wood-cutters,
+Charles at last reached the house of a friend. Here
+he hid for a time, and then went on to try and escape from
+the country. This time, so that he might not be discovered,
+he was dressed as a servant, and rode on horseback, with
+a lady sitting on a cushion behind him, as was then the
+fashion. After several more dangers he managed to get on
+board a ship and sailed away to France.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-6" id="image-6"><!-- Image 6 --></a>
+<img src="images/il006s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="270" alt="KING CHARLES IN THE OAK" title="KING CHARLES IN THE OAK" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il006x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">KING CHARLES IN THE OAK</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="prince" id="prince"></a><b>Bonnie Prince Charlie</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Prince Charlie was the grandson of King James
+II, who was driven away from the throne of England
+because he was a selfish man and a bad ruler. The young
+prince tried to win the crown back again. He came over
+to Scotland from France, with only seven followers; but soon
+a great many of the Scots joined him, for he was so gay, and
+handsome, and friendly, that all who saw him loved him.
+They called him "Bonnie Prince Charlie". But though
+the prince and his followers were very brave, they had no
+chance against the well-trained soldiers of King George of
+England. They won a few victories; then they were
+thoroughly beaten in the battle of Culloden. Thousands
+of brave Scots were slain, and the prince had to fly for
+his life.</p>
+
+<p>After this, for many weeks, he hid among the moors and
+mountains from the English soldiers who were trying to find
+him. He lived in small huts, or in caves, and many times
+had nothing but the wild berries from the woods to eat.
+Once he stayed for three weeks with a band of robbers, who
+were very kind to him; and though the king offered a large
+sum of money to anyone who would give him up, not one
+of his poor friends was false to him.</p>
+
+<p>At last, a young and beautiful Scottish lady, named
+Flora MacDonald, helped him to escape. She gave him
+woman's clothes, and pretended that he was her servant,
+called Betty Burke. Then she took him with her away
+from the place where the soldiers were searching, and after
+a time he reached the sea, and got safely away to France.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-7" id="image-7"><!-- Image 7 --></a>
+<img src="images/il008s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="275" alt="PRINCE CHARLIE AT THE BATTLE OF CULLODEN" title="PRINCE CHARLIE AT THE BATTLE OF CULLODEN" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il008x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">PRINCE CHARLIE AT THE BATTLE OF CULLODEN</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="nelson" id="nelson"></a><b>Nelson and Hardy</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Lord Nelson was one of the greatest seamen that
+ever lived. He commanded the British fleet at the
+battle of Trafalgar, when the navies of France and Spain
+were beaten, and England was saved from a great danger.
+He did not look like a famous admiral on board his ship, the
+<i>Victory</i>, that day. He was a small man, and his clothes
+were shabby. He had lost one arm and one eye in battle;
+but with the eye which remained he could see more than
+most men with two, and his brain was busy planning the
+course of the coming fight. Just before it began, he went over
+his ship, giving orders to the crew, and cheering them with
+kind words, which touched the hearts of the rough men, who
+loved their leader and were proud of him. "England expects
+every man to do his duty" was the last message he sent them.
+Every man did his duty nobly that day, though the battle
+was fierce and long; but it was the last fight of the brave
+commander. He was shot in the back as he walked the
+deck with his friend Captain Hardy, and was carried below.</p>
+
+<p>He lay dying for several hours, but, in spite of his great
+pain, his one thought was of the battle. "How goes the
+day with us?" he asked of Hardy; and when told that many
+of the enemies' ships were taken, he cried eagerly, "I am
+glad. Whip them, Hardy, as they have never been whipped
+before." Later, when his friend came to tell him that the
+victory was won, Nelson pressed his hand. "Good-bye,
+Hardy!" said he, "I have done my duty, and I thank God
+for it." These were the last words of one of England's
+bravest sons.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-8" id="image-8"><!-- Image 8 --></a>
+<img src="images/il010s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="270" alt="NELSON ON THE VICTORY AT TRAFALGAR" title="NELSON ON THE VICTORY AT TRAFALGAR" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il010x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">NELSON ON THE "VICTORY" AT TRAFALGAR</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="watt" id="watt"></a><b>Watt and the Kettle</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>There was once a little Scotch boy named James
+Watt. He was not a strong child, and could not
+always run and play with other boys, but had often to
+amuse himself at home. One holiday afternoon little James
+amused himself in this way. He held a saucer over the
+stream of steam which came from the spout of a boiling
+kettle, and as he watched he saw little drops of water
+forming on the saucer. He thought this was very strange,
+and wondered why it happened, for he did not know that
+steam is just water changed in form by the heat, and that as
+soon as it touches something cold it turns again into water.
+He asked his aunt to explain it, but she only told him not to
+waste his time. If she could have foreseen the work which
+her nephew would do when he became a man, she would
+not have thought he was wasting his time.</p>
+
+<p>When James Watt grew up, he was as much interested
+in steam and its wonderful power, as he had been as a boy.
+He was sure it could be made of great service to men. It was
+already used for driving engines, but the engines were not
+good, and it cost much money to work them. Watt thought
+they could be improved, but it was long before he found out
+the way to do this. Often, he sat by the fire watching the
+lid of the kettle as it was made to dance by the steam, and
+thinking of many plans; and at last a happy thought came
+to him. His plan enabled great improvements to be made
+in the working of engines, and now steam drives our trains
+and ships, our mills and factories, and is one of our most
+useful servants.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-9" id="image-9"><!-- Image 9--></a>
+<img src="images/il012s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="270" alt="WATCHING THE BOILING KETTLE" title="WATCHING THE BOILING KETTLE" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il012x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">WATCHING THE BOILING KETTLE</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="vic" id="vic"></a><b>Queen Victoria and her Soldiers</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Queen Victoria was always proud of her brave
+soldiers. In time of war, she gave orders that news
+of them was to be sent to her every day, and when the
+generals returned home, they were commanded to visit her,
+and to tell her of the bravery of the troops.</p>
+
+<p>During the long war with the Russians in the Crimea,
+the British soldiers suffered greatly from the freezing winds,
+and rain, and snow, of that cold land. When Queen
+Victoria heard of this, she and her children worked with
+their own hands to make warm clothing for them. A great
+many of the wounded and sick men were sent home in ships,
+to be nursed in the English hospitals, and the Queen paid
+several visits to the poor fellows as they lay there. Moving
+from one bed to another, she cheered them with hopeful
+words, and listened gladly to their stories of the battles in
+which they had fought. When she saw that the hospitals
+were crowded, and not very comfortable, she told Parliament
+that better ones ought to be provided, and after a time this
+was done, and the fine hospital of Netley was built, of which
+the Queen laid the first stone.</p>
+
+<p>Once, Queen Victoria herself gave medals to some
+wounded and disabled soldiers who had fought very bravely.
+Some of these men could not raise their arms to salute their
+queen; some could not walk, but had to be wheeled in chairs
+to her side; but all were proud to receive their medals of
+honour from her hands.</p>
+
+<p>"Noble fellows," she wrote of them afterwards, "I feel
+as if they were my own children."</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-10" id="image-10"><!-- Image 10--></a>
+<img src="images/il014s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="280" alt="QUEEN VICTORIA VISITS HER WOUNDED SOLDIERS" title="QUEEN VICTORIA VISITS HER WOUNDED SOLDIERS" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il014x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">QUEEN VICTORIA VISITS HER WOUNDED SOLDIERS</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="luck" id="luck"></a><b>The Relief of Lucknow</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>During the time of the terrible Indian Mutiny, when
+most of the native troops rose against their British
+rulers, and vowed to kill every white person in the land,
+many cruel deeds were done. A great number of white
+people were slain before the British troops could come to
+their rescue, but in some places they managed to hold out
+until help reached them. This was the case in the city of
+Lucknow, where the British governor with a small body
+of troops, and a great many women and children, took refuge
+in the Government House from a vast host of rebels who
+came to attack them. Many of the brave defenders were
+killed by the shot and shell of the enemy. Many others,
+and especially the little children, fell sick and died, for the
+heat was very great, and there was no good water to be
+had. Then, after many days, a small body of white
+soldiers fought their way into the city, and brought help and
+hope to the rest of the party. They were only just in time.
+Had they come a few days later they would have found the
+Government House a heap of ruins, and their friends dead,
+for the rebels were making a mine under the building and
+meant to blow it up with gunpowder. But alas! the newcomers
+were not strong enough to fight their way out of
+Lucknow with a crowd of helpless women and children and
+sick folk, so they, too were now shut in. For two months
+longer they held out. Then at last, when they had almost lost
+hope, the great Sir Colin Campbell with his brave Highlanders
+and other soldiers defeated the rebels, and brought the band
+of sick, starving, and weary people safely away.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-11" id="image-11"><!-- Image 11--></a>
+<img src="images/il016s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="265" alt="THE HIGHLANDERS ENTERING LUCKNOW" title="THE HIGHLANDERS ENTERING LUCKNOW" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il016x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">THE HIGHLANDERS ENTERING LUCKNOW</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="grace" id="grace"></a><b>Grace Darling</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>On a small rocky island, off the north coast of England,
+there is a lighthouse. A man named William Darling
+was once keeper of this lighthouse, and his daughter Grace
+lived with him. Every day Grace Darling helped her father
+to trim the lamps, so that at night they might shine brightly,
+and warn sailors to steer their ships away from the dangerous
+rocks, upon which they would have been dashed to pieces.</p>
+
+<p>One stormy night Grace woke with the sound of screams
+in her ears. The screams came from the sea, so she knew
+that some ship must be in distress. She roused her father,
+but they could see nothing in the darkness. When daylight
+came, they found that a ship had been wrecked upon the
+rocks some way off, and a few people were clinging to the
+masts. Grace wished to go at once in a boat to save them;
+but at first her father hung back, for the wind and sea were
+wild, and he feared that the small boat would be overturned
+by the great waves. Then Grace ran to the boat, and seized
+an oar, for she could not bear to let the poor men die without
+trying to save them; and the father could not let his brave,
+daughter go alone, so he followed, and they rowed off.</p>
+
+<p>It was hard work pulling against the strong sea, and
+several times the small boat was almost sunk. But at last
+it reached the wreck, and William Darling managed to land
+upon the rock, and with great care and skill helped the
+half-frozen people into the small boat. Then they were
+taken to the lighthouse, where Grace warmed and fed
+them, until the storm ceased, and they could return to their
+homes.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-12" id="image-12"><!-- Image 12--></a>
+<img src="images/il018s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="280" alt="GRACE DARLING ROWS OUT TO THE WRECK" title="GRACE DARLING ROWS OUT TO THE WRECK" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il018x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">GRACE DARLING ROWS OUT TO THE WRECK</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="david" id="david"></a><b>David Livingstone</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>At one time many people believed that the middle of Africa
+was a sandy desert, where nothing could live but camels
+and ostriches. But they were mistaken. The great traveller,
+David Livingstone, journeyed into this unknown country, and
+he found that it was not a desert but a beautiful land, where
+many tribes of black people dwelt. He also saw that these
+people were often seized by strangers, and taken away to be
+sold as slaves. This sight filled him with sadness, and he
+made up his mind to put a stop to this cruel traffic. He
+worked hard, tracing the courses of the rivers, finding the
+best tracts of land, and teaching the natives. Then he urged
+his countrymen to send others after him to settle in this fair
+country, to help the natives to learn useful trades, and to
+drive away the slave-merchants.</p>
+
+<p>For some years he was quite alone, with his black servants,
+in the midst of this wild land. His friends grew anxious,
+and sent Mr. Stanley, another great traveller, to look for
+him. Stanley marched for nearly a year before he found
+Livingstone. The old explorer was white and worn with
+sickness and hardship, and he was overjoyed to clasp once
+more the hand of a white man, and to hear again the English
+tongue. But he would not return to England. He said
+his work was not yet done, and he set out once more on his
+travels. It was his last journey. One morning his servants
+found him dead upon his bed. Since that time much has
+been done to make Central Africa a prosperous land. Other
+white men have followed where Livingstone led, and wherever
+they have settled, the wicked slave-trade has been stopped.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-13" id="image-13"><!-- Image 13--></a>
+<img src="images/il020s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="275" alt="THE MEETING OF STANLEY AND LIVINGSTONE" title="THE MEETING OF STANLEY AND LIVINGSTONE" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il020x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">THE MEETING OF STANLEY AND LIVINGSTONE</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="water" id="water"></a><b>The Battle of Waterloo</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Fields of waving corn, green woods, fruitful orchards,
+a pretty farmhouse and a few cottages&mdash;such was the
+plain of Waterloo. And there, on a summer Sunday,
+nearly a hundred years ago, was fought a famous battle, in
+which the British troops under the Duke of Wellington
+beat the French army, and broke the power of the great
+Napoleon for ever.</p>
+
+<p>"We have them," cried Napoleon as he saw the British
+drawn up before him. He thought it would be easy to
+destroy this army, so much smaller than his own, before
+their friends the Prussians, who were on the way to help
+them, came up. But he was mistaken. Wellington had
+placed his foot-soldiers in squares, and though the French
+horsemen, then the finest soldiers in the world, charged
+again and again, these little clumps of brave men stood
+fast. On his favourite horse "Copenhagen", Wellington
+rode to and fro cheering his men. "Stand firm, my lads,"
+cried he. "What will they say to this in England?"</p>
+
+<p>Not till evening, when the Prussians came, would he
+allow them to charge the French in their turn. Then,
+waving his cocked hat over his head, he gave the order,
+"The whole line will advance", and the impatient troops
+dashed forward. The French bravely tried to stand against
+this terrific charge, but they were beaten back, and the battle
+of Waterloo was ended.</p>
+
+<p>Sixty thousand men lay dead or wounded under the fruit-trees,
+and among the trampled corn and grass at the end of
+that terrible day.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-14" id="image-14"><!-- Image 14--></a>
+<img src="images/il022s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="275" alt="BRITISH SOLDIERS AT THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO" title="BRITISH SOLDIERS AT THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il022x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">BRITISH SOLDIERS AT THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-15" id="image-15"><!-- Image 15--></a>
+<img src="images/il023s.jpg" class="png" height="300" width="500" alt="THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE" title="THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il023x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="charge" id="charge"></a><b>The Charge of the Light Brigade</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Forward the Light!</p>
+
+<p>Such was the order given during a great battle to
+the leader of a band of six hundred British soldiers.
+Forward! And there in front was a line of cannon ready
+to shoot them down as they came, while on the hills on
+either side of the valley were the guns and riflemen of the
+Russians.</p>
+
+<p>"Surely someone has blundered! My men are sent
+to certain death," thought the leader of the Light Brigade.</p>
+
+<p>"Forward! Attack!"</p>
+
+<p>The order was repeated, and with the obedience of well-trained
+soldiers the Brigade started.</p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 15em;">"Theirs not to make reply,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 15.4em;">Theirs not to reason why,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 15.4em;">Theirs but to do and die:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 15.4em;">Into the valley of Death</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 15.4em;">Rode the six hundred."</span></p>
+
+<p>On every side thundered the enemy's guns, and shot
+and shell fell thick and fast, but on through all rode the
+brave horsemen, on till they reached the cannon at the end
+of the valley. The smoke of the enemy's fire closed round
+and hid them from their watching comrades, but now and
+again the scarlet lines could be seen cutting down those
+who tried to stop their charge.</p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 15em;">"Flashed all their sabres bare,<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15.4em;">Flashed as they turned in air,<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15.4em;">Sabring the gunners there,<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15.4em;">Charging an army, while<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15.4em;">All the world wonder'd."</span></p><br />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-16" id="image-16"><!-- Image 16--></a>
+<img src="images/il026s.jpg" class="png" height="300" width="500" alt="AFTERMATH OF BATTLE°" title="AFTERMATH OF BATTLE°" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il026x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">AFTERMATH OF BATTLE°</p><br />
+
+<p>And then only, when the strange order had been obeyed,
+when their duty had been nobly done in the face of death,
+did the Light Brigade&mdash;all that was left of it&mdash;turn to ride
+back. Alas! there were not then six hundred. Barely two
+hundred brave men, wounded, and blackened by smoke and
+powder, reached the British camp. The rest of the noble
+band lay dead or dying in the valley of Death.</p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 15em;">"When can their glory fade?<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15.4em;">O the wild charge they made!<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15.4em;">All the world wonder'd.<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15.4em;">Honour the charge they made!<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15.4em;">Honour the Light Brigade,<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15.4em;">Noble six hundred!"</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="ed" id="ed"></a>The Coronation of King Edward VII</h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Never had a country a more popular king than
+King Edward VII, nor a more gracious queen than
+Queen Alexandra, and never was a happier day for the
+English people than that on which King Edward was
+crowned. A few days before the date fixed for the Coronation
+the king suddenly became ill, and a great gloom fell over the
+country, for it was feared that he might never be crowned.
+But though his illness was severe he soon began to get better,
+and when he was out of danger the hearts of his subjects were
+filled with joy and thankfulness. Guns were fired, church-bells
+pealed, and glad shouts and cheers rang out from the
+happy crowds which lined the streets of London, through
+which the king and queen, in the midst of their gay
+procession, drove to Westminster Abbey.</p>
+
+<p>Inside the gray old Abbey was one of the most brilliant
+gatherings the world has ever seen. Princes and princesses
+from other lands were there, in their robes of state; peers and
+peeresses, in velvet, and ermine, and glittering diamonds;
+grave statesmen; and soldiers in their gay uniforms.</p>
+
+<p>It was a grand and solemn scene when, before them all,
+the aged Archbishop of Canterbury drew near to the King,
+and with trembling hands placed the crown upon his head.</p>
+
+<p>"The Lord give you a fruitful country, and healthful
+seasons, victorious fleets and armies, and a quiet Empire."
+These are the words that the old man said when he had
+crowned the king, and each one of us will pray that all
+these blessings may indeed rest upon King Edward VII,
+and the great Empire over which he rules.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-17" id="image-17"><!-- Image 17--></a>
+<img src="images/il028s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="280" alt="KING EDWARD VII AND QUEEN ALEXANDRA" title="KING EDWARD VII AND QUEEN ALEXANDRA" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il028x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">KING EDWARD VII AND QUEEN ALEXANDRA</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="war" id="war"></a><b>WAR.</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 15em;">Over the broad, fair valley,<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15em;">Filling the heart with fear,<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15em;">Comes the sound of tramping horses,<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15em;">And the news of danger near.</span></p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 15em;">'Tis the enemy approaching,<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15em;">One can hear the muffled drum,<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15em;">And the marching of the soldiers,<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15em;">As on and on they come.</span></p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 15em;">Soon the air is rent in sunder,<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15em;">Bullets flying sharp and fast,<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15em;">Many stout hearts fail and tremble,<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15em;">Every moment seems their last.</span></p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 15em;">On the ground lie dead and dying,<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15em;">Young and old alike must fall;<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15em;">None to come and aid the sufferer,<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15em;">Fight they must for freedom's call.</span></p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 15em;">Many are the anxious loved ones<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15em;">Praying for the war to cease,<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15em;">Waiting for the right to conquer,<br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 15em;">Bringing freedom, rest, and peace.</span></p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 30em;">E.S.</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-18" id="image-18"><!-- Image 18--></a>
+<img src="images/il030s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="285" alt="SPYING ON INDIANS°" title="SPYING ON INDIANS°" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il030x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">SPYING ON INDIANS°</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="boy" id="boy"></a><span class="smcap">A Boy's Heroic Deeds.</span></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>May 31st, 1889, is a day that will long be remembered with
+horror by the people in the beautiful valley of the Conemaugh,
+in Pennsylvania. On that date occurred the
+terrible disaster which is known to the world and will be named in
+history as the "Johnstown Flood."</p><br />
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-19" id="image-19"><!-- Image 19--></a>
+<img src="images/il032s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="315" alt="SAVED FROM THE FLOOD." title="SAVED FROM THE FLOOD." /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il032x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">SAVED FROM THE FLOOD.</p><br />
+
+<p>For many days previous to that date it had been raining hard,
+and great floods extended over a vast region of country in Pennsylvania,
+New York and the District of Columbia. Never before had
+there been such a fall of rain in that region within the memory of
+the oldest inhabitant. The waters in the river and creeks of that
+beautiful valley rose rapidly and overflowed their banks, while the
+people looked on in wonder, but seemingly not in fear. Suddenly
+there appeared to their wondering gaze a great bay horse galloping
+at break-neck speed and bearing a rider who waved his hands to them
+and cried: "South Fork dam will burst. To the hills for your lives."
+Only a few heeded his words of warning, while many mocked and
+jeered. On dashed the rider to warn still others of the impending
+danger, and, alas, to be himself and horse dashed to death by the massive
+timbers of a falling bridge. South Fork dam did break, and the
+mighty waters of Conemaugh Lake were hurled with resistless force
+upon the doomed people of that beautiful valley. The terrible details
+of the appalling disaster would fill several volumes larger than this. On
+rushed the mighty waters, sweeping onward in their flood dwellings,
+churches and buildings of every description, whether of wood, brick or
+stone, until Johnstown was reached and destroyed. The town was
+literally lifted from its foundations. Thousands of men, women and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span>
+children were caught up and swirled away in the pitiless flood, and their
+agonizing but vain appeals for help could be heard amidst the mighty
+roar of the waters. Many acts of heroism were performed by brave
+men and women&mdash;yes, and boys&mdash;in rescuing victims of the flood.
+Only one of them concerns us here. Charles Hepenthal, a schoolboy,
+seventeen years of age, who was on his way to Bellefonte from his
+home at East Liberty, Pa., on the evening of the flood, stood quietly
+among the passengers on the express train, as they crowded to view
+the terrible havoc done by the flood. As the flood reached the
+train, at Sang Hollow, a small frame house came pitching down
+the mad tide, an eddy floated it in, near to the train, so close that
+the wailing cries of an infant were heard, piercing their way through
+the roar. Charles Hepenthal's heart was touched and his courage
+was equal to the emergency. He determined to rescue that little
+wailing waif from a watery grave. Strong men urged him to desist,
+insisting that he would only sacrifice his own life for nothing&mdash;that
+it was impossible for any one to survive in the surging waters. But
+the boy was resolved. He cut the bell cord from the cars, tied it
+fast to his body, and out into the whirling gulf he went; he gained
+the house, secured the infant and returned through the maddened
+waters with the rescued babe in his arms. A shout went up from the
+passengers on the train. "Wait!" he cried; "there is still another
+in the house, I must save her!" and, seizing a plank to use as a support,
+he plunged again into the surging waters. Ah! his struggle
+this time was harder, for his precious load was heavy. In the floating
+house on his first visit he found a little girl, apparently ten years old,
+disrobed and kneeling beside her bed, on which lay the screaming
+infant, praying to her Father in heaven to save her and her baby
+brother from the fury of the flood. "God has heard my prayer," she
+cried, as Charles entered the door. "Oh, save the baby, quick," and
+then fainted away on the floor. When Charles had landed the babe<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span>
+in safety and returned again for the girl, he found her still unconscious
+on the floor, and the water was fast flowing in at the door. In
+another minute she would have been drowned. But the brave boy's
+manly arms were soon around her, and with his precious load the
+young hero fought his way back to land and was given three times
+three cheers and a "tiger" by the passengers of the day express.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="cat" id="cat"></a><span class="smcap">A Cat's Extraordinary Leap.</span></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+
+<p>In the latter part of 1880, at a time when the Washington monument
+had reached a height of 160 feet, an adventurous and patriotic
+cat ascended the interior of the shaft by means of the ropes and
+tubing. When the workmen arrived at the upper landing the next
+morning, and began to prepare for the day's work, pussy took fright
+and, springing to the outer edge, took a "header" of 160 feet to the
+hard earth below. In the descent which was watched closely by two
+score of men, the cat spread herself out like a flying squirrel and
+alighted on all fours. After turning over on the ground a few times
+in a dazed manner, she prepared to leave the grounds and had gotten
+almost beyond the shadow of the monument, when a dog belonging
+to one of the workmen pounced upon her and killed her, she, of
+course, not being in her best running trim, after performing such an
+extraordinary feat. One of the men procured the body of the dead
+feline, smoothed out her silky coat, and turned the remains over to a
+representative of the Smithsonian Institution, who mounted the skin
+and placed it under a glass case. The label on the case tells this
+wonderful story in a few words: "This cat on September 23, 1880,
+jumped from the top of Washington's monument and lived.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-20" id="image-20"><!-- Image 20--></a>
+<img src="images/il035s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="320" alt="Queen Boadicea" title="Queen Boadicea" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il035x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">Queen Boadicea</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="brave" id="brave"></a><b>A Brave Queen</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Long ago, when this country was a wild land, there lived
+a beautiful and brave queen named Boadicea.</p>
+
+<p>Her husband, the king, was dead, but she had two
+daughters whom she loved very much.</p>
+
+<p>Boadicea was queen of a part of Britain. There were
+no large towns in her land, but there were forests of fine
+trees, and fields of corn, and wide stretches of grass-land
+where many cattle and sheep roamed and fed.</p>
+
+<p>Her people were called Iceni. They were tall and
+strong, with blue eyes and yellow hair. The men were
+brave fighters and good hunters. They hunted the bears
+and wolves which lived in the forests, and they fought the
+foes of their beautiful queen.</p>
+
+<p>They made spears to fight with, and strange carts called
+war-chariots to fight in. These chariots were drawn by
+swift horses, and, upon the wheels, long sharp knives were
+fixed. The Iceni drove the chariots very fast among their
+foes, and the knives cut down and killed many of them.</p>
+
+<p>The Romans from over the sea were the most dangerous
+enemies of Boadicea and her people.</p>
+
+<p>In those days the Romans were the best fighters, and
+the strongest and wisest people in the world. They came in
+ships to Britain. They had been told that it was a good
+country, and they hoped to take it for themselves. Some
+of them came to Boadicea's land, and took a part of it
+and of her riches. And when she tried to stop them from
+doing this, they seized her and the two princesses and beat
+them cruelly.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>This wicked act made the Iceni very angry. From all
+parts of the land, fierce fighting-men came marching in haste
+to avenge themselves on their enemies, bringing with them
+their spears and their war-chariots. When all were gathered
+together, they fell upon the Romans.</p>
+
+<p>There were so many of them, and they were so fierce,
+that the Romans could not stand against them. Thousands
+were killed, and the rest ran away to their ships.</p>
+
+<p>But there were many more Romans in other parts of
+Britain, and when these heard how their friends had been
+beaten, they came marching in haste to punish the Iceni.</p>
+
+<p>The Iceni did their best to get ready to defend themselves,
+but many of their brave men had been slain and others
+were wounded and weary, so they could not hope again to
+win a victory over their strong foes. Before the battle,
+Queen Boadicea, with her fair hair waving in the wind,
+stood before her soldiers and spoke to them. She told
+them of the wrong which the Romans had done, and begged
+them to fight bravely for their country. Then she got into
+her chariot, and with her daughters lying at her feet, drove
+to and fro, so that all might see them.</p>
+
+<p>And the soldiers shouted, and promised to fight to the
+end for their brave queen.</p>
+
+<p>They did fight long and bravely, until most of them
+were killed, but their foes were too strong for them. When
+Queen Boadicea saw that her brave soldiers were beaten,
+she drank some poison which killed her. She thought it
+better to die than to be again taken prisoner by the cruel
+Romans.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-21" id="image-21"><!-- Image 21--></a>
+<img src="images/il038s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="275" alt="QUEEN BOADICEA AND HER SOLDIERS" title="QUEEN BOADICEA AND HER SOLDIERS" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il038x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">QUEEN BOADICEA AND HER SOLDIERS</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="cakes" id="cakes"></a><b>King Alfred and the Cakes</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Once, when good King Alfred of England was forced
+to flee from his strong foes the Danes, he hid himself
+in a wood. In this wood, there was a small cottage, and
+Alfred asked the woman who lived there if he might go in
+and rest.</p>
+
+<p>Now the woman did not know the king, but she saw
+that he was an English soldier, and that he was very tired,
+so she let him come in and sit in her kitchen.</p>
+
+<p>Upon the hearth before the fire, some cakes were baking,
+and the woman told the stranger that if he watched them,
+and took care that they did not burn, she would give him
+some supper. Then she went away to do her work.</p>
+
+<p>At first, King Alfred watched the cakes carefully; when
+they were well cooked on one side he turned the other to the
+fire. But, after a time, he began to think of his country, and
+of his poor people, and then he forgot his task.</p>
+
+<p>When the woman came back, the cakes were black and
+burnt. "You are an idle fellow," cried she angrily. "You
+would be quite ready to eat the cakes, but you will not take
+the trouble to watch them."</p>
+
+<p>While she was loudly scolding, her husband came home.
+He knew King Alfred. "Hush, wife!" cried he. "It is
+our noble lord the king!"</p>
+
+<p>When the woman heard this, she was much afraid, and
+she begged Alfred to forgive her.</p>
+
+<p>The king smiled, and said: "I will gladly forgive you
+for your scolding, good wife, if you will forgive me for
+spoiling your supper."</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-22" id="image-22"><!-- Image 22--></a>
+<img src="images/il040s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="270" alt="KING ALFRED FORGETS THE CAKES" title="KING ALFRED FORGETS THE CAKES" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il040x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">KING ALFRED FORGETS THE CAKES</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="angels" id="angels"></a><b>Not Angles, but Angels</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In old days the people of England were not all free, as
+they are now. Sometimes young men, and women, and
+little children were sold as slaves, and had to work hard
+for their masters.</p>
+
+<p>Many of these slaves were sent to Rome, for the Romans
+thought the tall, fair Angles very beautiful, and liked to have
+them as their servants.</p>
+
+<p>Once, a wise and good preacher, named Gregory, was
+walking through the market-place in Rome, when he saw
+a group of slaves standing there, waiting to be bought.
+Among these slaves were some pretty boys with long yellow
+hair, and blue eyes, and white skin. This was a strange
+sight to Gregory, for most of the people in his land had
+dark hair, and brown skin.</p>
+
+<p>"Who are these boys?" asked he of a man who was
+standing by.</p>
+
+<p>"They are Angles from over the sea," replied the man.</p>
+
+<p>"Surely not Angles, but Angels," said the preacher,
+looking kindly into the boys' faces. "Do they come from
+England?"</p>
+
+<p>"From heathen England, where men do not know the
+true God," said the man.</p>
+
+<p>"Some day they shall be taught to know God, and then
+indeed they shall be angels," said Gregory.</p>
+
+<p>Now Gregory did not go away and forget this. When
+he became a great man and Bishop of Rome, he sent a good
+preacher, named Augustine, to England, to preach to the
+people there, and to teach them to be Christians.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-23" id="image-23"><!-- Image 23--></a>
+<img src="images/il042s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="275" alt="THE ENGLISH PRISONERS AT ROME" title="THE ENGLISH PRISONERS AT ROME" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il042x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">THE ENGLISH PRISONERS AT ROME</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="wake" id="wake"></a><b>Hereward the Wake</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>When William of Normandy came over the sea, and
+took the crown of England, many English people would
+not call him king. The young lord Hereward was one of
+these. He and his men made for themselves a "Camp of
+Refuge" among the reeds and rushes on the marshes. All
+day they lay there, hidden from view by the mists which rose
+from the watery ground, and at night they came out, and
+attacked the Normans in their tents, and burned their towns.</p>
+
+<p>Hereward was called "the Wake" because he was so
+watchful and wide-awake that the Normans could not catch
+him. They were always trying to find him, but they did not
+know the safe paths over the marshes which he and his men
+used, and when they tried to cross, they sank with their
+horses in the soft muddy ground, and had to turn back.</p>
+
+<p>But at last a false friend of the English showed them the
+way to the "Camp of Refuge", and then Hereward had to
+flee to save his life. He went with a few friends to the sea-shore,
+and there he found some fishermen who were going
+to sell fish to the Norman guards in an English town.</p>
+
+<p>The fishermen took Hereward and his men into their
+boats, and covered them with straw; then they set sail.
+The Norman guards bought the fish as usual, and had it
+served for dinner. While they were eating it, the English
+soldiers came quietly from the boats, and killed most of
+them before they could get their swords to defend themselves.
+When the English people in the place saw this,
+they gladly joined Hereward and made him master of
+their town.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-24" id="image-24"><!-- Image 24--></a>
+<img src="images/il044s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="280" alt="HEREWARD AND HIS MEN ATTACK THE NORMANS" title="HEREWARD AND HIS MEN ATTACK THE NORMANS" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il044x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">HEREWARD AND HIS MEN ATTACK THE NORMANS</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="canute" id="canute"></a><b>Canute</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>There was once a king of England, named Canute,
+who was a brave and clever man. But he had many
+lords in his court who were very foolish. They feared their
+master, and wished to please him, and because they knew
+that he was somewhat vain of his strength and cleverness,
+they thought he would like to be told that he was great,
+and wise, and powerful.</p>
+
+<p>So they praised him every day, and told him that all
+he did and all he said was good. They said he was the
+greatest king on earth, and there was nothing in the world
+too hard for him to do if he chose. At last King Canute
+tired of their vain words.</p>
+
+<p>One day, as he walked with his lords on the sea-shore,
+one of them told him that even the waves would obey him.</p>
+
+<p>"Bring a chair," said Canute, "and place it close to the
+water."</p>
+
+<p>The chair was brought, and set upon the sand, and the
+king sat down and spoke to the waves.</p>
+
+<p>"I command you to come no farther," cried he.</p>
+
+<p>But the waves came on and on, until they wetted
+Canute's feet, and splashed his chair.</p>
+
+<p>Then the king rose and went to his lords, who were
+standing a little way off, staring at their master, and talking
+in low tones about his strange conduct.</p>
+
+<p>"Learn from this to keep your tongues from idle praise,"
+said he sternly. "No king is great and powerful but God.
+He only can say to the sea: 'Thus far shalt thou come,
+and no farther.'"</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-25" id="image-25"><!-- Image 25--></a>
+<img src="images/il046s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="280" alt="CANUTE ORDERS THE TIDE TO STOP" title="CANUTE ORDERS THE TIDE TO STOP" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il046x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">CANUTE ORDERS THE TIDE TO STOP</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="men" id="men"></a><b>The Brave Men of Calais</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Many years ago, King Edward III of England took
+the town of Calais from the French king. He could
+not take it by force, for the walls were very strong, but he
+succeeded by another plan. He placed his soldiers all round
+the walls, and would let no one go into the town to take
+food to the people. Inside the walls, the people waited
+bravely, but at last all their food was eaten, and then they
+knew that if they tried to hold the town any longer they
+would starve.</p>
+
+<p>So the governor sent word to King Edward that he
+would give up the city, and begged him to have mercy on
+the people.</p>
+
+<p>But Edward was angry. "Tell your masters," said he
+to the messenger, "that I will not spare the people unless
+six of the chief men come out to me, with their feet bare, and
+ropes around their necks."</p>
+
+<p>At this sad news, the poor starving people cried aloud.
+But soon six brave men were found who were ready to die
+for their countrymen, and, with their feet bare and ropes
+around their necks, they went out to the place where King
+Edward was waiting, with Queen Philippa and the English
+nobles.</p>
+
+<p>"Great king!" said the men, "we bring you the keys
+of our town, and we pray you to have mercy on us."</p>
+
+<p>But the king would not listen. "Take them away and
+cut off their heads," he cried angrily. And when his nobles
+begged him to spare such brave enemies he would not listen
+to them.</p><br />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-26" id="image-26"><!-- Image 26--></a>
+<img src="images/il048s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="275" alt="QUEEN PHILIPPA PLEADS FOR THE MEN OF CALAIS" title="QUEEN PHILIPPA PLEADS FOR THE MEN OF CALAIS" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il048x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">QUEEN PHILIPPA PLEADS FOR THE MEN OF CALAIS</p><br />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Then Queen Philippa, whose heart was filled with pity
+for the poor men, fell upon her knees.</p>
+
+<p>"My lord," she cried, "if you love me, give me the lives
+of these men."</p>
+
+<p>King Edward could not bear to see his beautiful queen in
+tears upon the ground, so he raised her, saying: "Lady, I
+wish you had not been here, for I cannot say you nay.
+Take the men, they are yours."</p>
+
+<p>Then Queen Philippa joyfully led the brave men away,
+and gave them food and clothes, and sent them back to
+their friends. So they, and all the people of Calais, were
+saved.</p><br />
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-27" id="image-27"><!-- Image 27--></a>
+<img src="images/il049s.jpg" class="png" height="375" width="500" alt="THE MEN OF CALAIS ARE SPARED°" title="THE MEN OF CALAIS ARE SPARED°" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il049x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">THE MEN OF CALAIS ARE SPARED°</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-28" id="image-28"><!-- Image 28--></a>
+<img src="images/il050s.jpg" class="png" height="325" width="500" alt="WAT TYLER" title="WAT TYLER" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il050x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="wat" id="wat"></a><b>Wat Tyler</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+
+<p>In our days, all people in our land, except prisoners, are
+free to go where they will, and to do what work they
+please. In olden times it was not so. Then, the poorer
+people were treated like slaves by the nobles; they had to
+work hard for their masters, and they were not allowed to
+move from one place to another without asking leave.</p>
+
+<p>This was hard, and it made the people very angry. In
+the days of the boy-king Richard II, a great many workmen
+made up their minds to obey the nobles no longer. They
+banded themselves together in a large army, chose a man
+named Wat Tyler for their leader, and marched to London.</p>
+
+<p>The Mayor of London tried to stop them, by pulling up
+the drawbridge which crossed the river Thames, but they
+forced him by threats to let it down again. Then they
+rushed through the streets of London, frightening all the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span>
+people they met by their wild looks and cries. They broke
+open the prisons, and set the prisoners free, and burned the
+palaces of the nobles, but they killed no man and robbed
+none.</p>
+
+<p>The nobles were much alarmed. With young King
+Richard at their head, they rode out to meet this army,
+and to ask the people what they wanted.</p>
+
+<p>"We want to be free, and we want our children to be
+free after us," said Wat Tyler.</p>
+
+<p>"I promise you that you shall have your wish, if you will
+return quietly to your homes," said the king.</p>
+
+<p>At this, the people shouted with joy, and all might have
+been well; but the mayor, seeing Wat Tyler raise his hand,
+and fearing that he was going to strike the king, drew his
+sword, and killed the leader of the people.</p>
+
+<p>Then the joyful shouts changed to cries and growls of
+anger. Arms were raised, and the crowd began to press
+forward. In a minute the little band of nobles would have
+been attacked, but the boy-king saw the danger. Boldly
+riding to meet the angry people, he put himself at their
+head. "What need ye, my masters?" cried he. "I am
+your captain and your king. Follow me."</p>
+
+<p>The crowd stopped, surprised by this bold act; the loud
+cries ceased, and swords and staves were lowered. These
+rough men did not wish to harm their young sovereign, but
+to free him from the nobles who gave him evil counsel.
+They were greatly pleased to find him upon their side, and,
+with perfect trust and loyalty, they followed where he led;
+and so for a time the danger was past.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-29" id="image-29"><!-- Image 29--></a>
+<img src="images/il052s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="290" alt="YOUNG KING RICHARD QUELLS THE REBELLION" title="YOUNG KING RICHARD QUELLS THE REBELLION" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il052x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">YOUNG KING RICHARD QUELLS THE REBELLION</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="bruce" id="bruce"></a><b>Bruce and the Spider</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Robert Bruce, King of Scotland, sad and weary,
+lay upon the floor of a lonely cave among the hills.
+His mind was full of anxious thoughts, for he was hiding
+from the English soldiers, who sought to take him&mdash;alive
+or dead&mdash;to their king. The brave Scots had lost many
+battles, and Bruce began to fear that he would never make
+his dear country free.</p>
+
+<p>"I will give up trying," said he.</p>
+
+<p>Just then a spider, hanging from the roof of the cave,
+by a long thread, swung before the king's eyes, and he
+left his gloomy thoughts to see what the little creature
+would do.</p>
+
+<p>The spider began to climb its thread slowly, pulling itself
+up little by little; but it had gone only a short way, when
+it slipped and fell to the end once more.</p>
+
+<p>Again and again it started to climb, and again and again
+it slipped back, until it had fallen six times.</p>
+
+<p>"Surely the silly little creature will now give up trying
+to climb so fine a thread," thought Bruce. But the spider
+did no such thing. It started on its upward journey yet
+a seventh time, and this time it did not fall. Up it went,
+inch by inch, higher and higher, until at last it reached the
+roof, and was safely at home.</p>
+
+<p>"Bravo!" cried the king. "The spider has taught me a
+lesson. I too will try until I win."</p>
+
+<p>Bruce kept his word. He led his brave men to battle,
+again and again, until at last the English were driven back
+to their own land, and Scotland was free.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-30" id="image-30"><!-- Image 30--></a>
+<img src="images/il054s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="275" alt="BRUCE WATCHING THE SPIDER" title="BRUCE WATCHING THE SPIDER" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il054x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">BRUCE WATCHING THE SPIDER</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-31" id="image-31"><!-- Image 31--></a>
+<img src="images/il055s.jpg" class="png" height="300" width="500" alt="RICHARD LION HEART FIGHTING IN THE HOLY LAND" title="RICHARD LION HEART FIGHTING IN THE HOLY LAND" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il055x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">RICHARD LION HEART FIGHTING IN THE HOLY LAND</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="blondel" id="blondel"></a><b>Richard and Blondel</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In a gloomy prison, in a foreign land, lay Richard I, King
+of England. He had been with some other kings to a
+great war in the Holy Land, where he had won battles, and
+taken cities, and gained much honour. Men called him
+Richard Lion-heart, because he was as brave as a lion in
+fighting, and his soldiers loved him and would follow him
+into any danger. One strong city, called Acre, held out
+for nearly two years against the armies of the other kings,
+but when Richard arrived it gave way almost at once.</p>
+
+<p>Because of his bravery, and his many victories, all men
+praised King Richard, and this made some of the other
+kings hate him, for they were jealous that he should have
+more honour than they. When he was on his way back to
+England, one of these envious men seized him secretly, and
+threw him into prison.</p>
+
+<p>And now poor Richard could fight no more, nor could
+he see the blue sky, and the green fields which he loved.
+One day, as he sat sad and lonely in his prison, he heard a
+voice singing, beneath the window. He started. "Surely,"
+said he, "that is the voice of my old friend Blondel, and
+that is the song we used to sing together." When the song
+was ended, the king sang it again in a low voice. Then
+there was a joyful cry from the man outside, and Richard
+knew that it was indeed his friend.</p>
+
+<p>Blondel had journeyed many days seeking his lost
+master. Now he hastened to England, and told the
+people where to find their king, and very soon Richard
+was set free, and went back to his own land.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-32" id="image-32"><!-- Image 32--></a>
+<img src="images/il058s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="275" alt="BLONDEL SINGS BENEATH RICHARD'S WINDOW" title="BLONDEL SINGS BENEATH RICHARD'S WINDOW" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il058x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">BLONDEL SINGS BENEATH RICHARD'S WINDOW</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="ship" id="ship"></a><b>The White Ship</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The night was dark, and a stormy wind was blowing,
+when the <i>White Ship</i> set sail from the shore of France.
+Prince William of England and his sister and their young
+friends were going back to their own land, after a visit to
+the French king.</p>
+
+<p>The English king, Henry I, with his courtiers, had
+sailed earlier, and had now almost reached home. But
+the prince would not go with them, he wished to make
+merry before starting.</p>
+
+<p>There had been eating, and drinking, and dancing, and
+singing on board the <i>White Ship</i>, and everyone was merry.</p>
+
+<p>But the sailors had drunk so much wine that they could
+not see to steer aright. Soon there was a crash, and the
+ship trembled. It had struck a rock, and was sinking.</p>
+
+<p>Then the sounds of merriment were changed to cries of
+fear. "Save us!" shrieked the terrified people. "Save the
+prince," cried the captain, "the rest of us must die!" There
+was only one small boat on the ship, and Prince William was
+put into this, and rowed away. But he had not gone far,
+when he heard his sister crying to him to save her.</p>
+
+<p>"Go back!" shouted he. The boat was rowed back,
+but when it came near the ship, so many people jumped
+into it, that it was overturned and all in it were drowned.</p>
+
+<p>Soon the <i>White Ship</i> sank also, and of all the gay
+company upon it only one man was saved.</p>
+
+<p>When King Henry heard that his only son was dead,
+he was very sorrowful, and it is said that no man ever again
+saw a smile upon his face.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-33" id="image-33"><!-- Image 33--></a>
+<img src="images/il060s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="310" alt="PRINCE WILLIAM RETURNS TO SAVE HIS SISTER" title="PRINCE WILLIAM RETURNS TO SAVE HIS SISTER" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il060x.jpg" class="image">
+View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">PRINCE WILLIAM RETURNS TO SAVE HIS SISTER</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="arc" id="arc"></a><b>Joan of Arc</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In a village in the green country of France, there once
+lived a girl named Joan. She spent her days in sewing
+and spinning, and in minding her father's sheep.</p>
+
+<p>At that time there was a sad war in France, and the
+English had won many battles. Joan was grieved to hear
+of the trouble of her country. She thought of it night and
+day, and one night she dreamt that an angel came, and told
+her to go and help the French prince.</p>
+
+<p>When Joan told her friends of this dream, they laughed
+at her.</p>
+
+<p>"How can a poor girl help the prince?" asked they.</p>
+
+<p>"I do not know," replied Joan; "but I must go, for God
+has sent me." So she went to the prince, and said: "Sir,
+my name is Joan. God has sent me to help you to win
+the crown of France."</p>
+
+<p>They gave Joan a suit of white armour, and a white
+horse, and set her at the head of the army. She led the
+soldiers to fight, and the rough men thought she was an
+angel, and fought so bravely that they won many battles.</p>
+
+<p>Then the prince was crowned King of France.</p>
+
+<p>When this was done, Joan felt that her work was over.
+"I would that I might go and keep sheep once more with
+my sisters and my brothers; they would be so glad to see
+me," pleaded she. But the king would not let her go. So
+Joan stayed; but her time of victory was past. Soon, she
+was taken prisoner by the English, and cruelly burned to
+death. She died as bravely as she had lived, and her name
+will never be forgotten.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-34" id="image-34"><!-- Image 34--></a>
+<img src="images/il062s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="280" alt="JOAN AT THE HEAD OF THE ARMY" title="JOAN AT THE HEAD OF THE ARMY" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il062x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">JOAN AT THE HEAD OF THE ARMY</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="tiger" id="tiger"></a><span class="smcap">Afloat with a Tiger.</span></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>A traveler in faraway India relates the following thrilling
+adventure with a tiger: From the heavy rain which falls
+upon Indian mountains the low-lying country is liable to
+such sudden floods that every year many beasts, and even human
+beings, are drowned ere they can make their escape to the higher
+grounds. On one occasion a terrible flood came up so suddenly that
+I had to spend a day and night in an open canoe in consequence,
+during which time I had good opportunities of seeing the good and
+bad effects produced by them. I lived at the time in a mat house,
+situated upon a hill which I supposed was quite above high-water
+mark, but an old Mahometan gentleman having told me that, when he
+was a little boy, he recollected the water once rising higher than the
+hill, I took the precaution of keeping a canoe in a small ditch close
+at hand.</p>
+
+<p>The rainy season began, and daily the river rose higher. One
+morning we noticed that the mountain tops were covered with heavy
+banks of dark clouds, though no rain fell out on the plain where we were;
+but we noticed many animals, a leopard among others, sneak out of
+the high grass and make for hilly ground. The most curious thing,
+however, was the smart manner in which rats and even grasshoppers
+came scampering away from the threatening danger. These latter
+came in such crowds toward my bungalow that not only the fowls
+about the premises had a good feed on them, but kites and crows
+began to swoop down in such numbers that the air was filled with
+their cries and the noise of their rushing wings.</p><br />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-35" id="image-35"><!-- Image 35--></a>
+<img src="images/il064s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="312" alt="AFLOAT WITH A TIGER°" title="AFLOAT WITH A TIGER°" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il064x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">AFLOAT WITH A TIGER°</p><br />
+
+<p>While watching the immense destruction of these insects we were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span>
+startled by the outbreak of the thunderstorm high up on the
+mountains, but far above the peals of thunder rose the terrible sound
+of rushing water. Animals now came tearing out of the lowlands
+too terrified to notice whither they went, so that I stood ready, gun
+in hand, in case any of the dangerous kind should try to seek an
+asylum on my particular hill; but with the exception of a huge wild
+boar, who had to be shot as he charged up the slope, all took refuge
+elsewhere.</p>
+
+<p>Soon the water burst through the river bank, spreading over the
+country, sweeping down the tall grass jungle and surging and roaring
+round our hill. Packing all that was valuable in small parcels, we
+gathered them in a heap, hoping that the flood would subside ere it
+reached the building. All round about large trees, uprooted by the
+terrible force of the deluge, were swept along, several animals vainly
+trying to keep a footing among their roots and branches. At last the
+water reached the steps of the house; so, pulling our boat close up,
+we stepped in with what we could save and hung to the wooden posts
+of the building, vainly trusting that the worst had come; but it was
+not so, for we soon had to leave go the post and pass the boat's
+rope round a tree. The water then rushed in, the house toppled
+over, and it and its contents were swept away by the flood.</p>
+
+<p>In a short time the tree began to shake and bend, so we knew
+that it was being uprooted; therefore, letting go the rope, we launched
+forth upon the seething waste of waters and were whirled away.
+Onward we rushed through masses of logs, branches, the remains of
+houses, and such like wreck, having to be very careful that our frail
+vessel did not get upset or crushed. Twice we made for the tops of
+hills that showed themselves above water, but on approaching them
+we found that they had been taken possession of by wild animals.</p>
+
+<p>Here a tiger crouched on a branch of a tree, seemingly too much
+alarmed at his perilous position to molest the half-dozen deer that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span>
+crowded timidly together right underneath his perch. Up above him
+the smaller branches were stocked with monkeys, who looked very
+disconsolate at their enforced imprisonment. As we swept past, the
+tiger raised his head, gave a deep growl and showed his teeth, then
+crouched down again as if fully aware of his helplessness, and we
+had too much to think of ourselves to interfere with him.</p>
+
+<p>Gaining the open country, the scene was one of desolation; but
+the current was not so strong, so we turned round, seeing the flood
+was going down, and by nightfall we had got back to where the house
+had stood. Every vestige of the once pretty homestead had disappeared,
+with sheep and cattle, though the fowls had managed to find
+a roost on the topmost branches of some orange trees, which alone
+remained to mark the spot.</p>
+
+<p>As the moon rose, the mountaineers came down from the villages,
+and, embarking on rafts and in canoes, went round the different hills,
+shooting and spearing the animals that had swum there; and truly
+the sight of such a hunting scene was an exciting one. Here a stout
+stag, defending himself with his antlers as best he might against the
+spearsmen, kept up a gallant fight till death.</p>
+
+<p>The tiger we had seen in the morning took to swimming, and on
+being wounded with a spear turned on the nearest canoe, upsetting
+the hunters into the water, where a desperate encounter took place;
+but he was eventually dispatched by a blow from an ax&mdash;not, however,
+before he had clawed some of his pursuers most severely.</p>
+
+<p>At daylight the water had entirely gone down, and a thick, muddy
+deposit covered all the lowland, while an immense number of snakes,
+scorpions, and other unpleasant creatures lay dead in all directions,
+upon which and the drowned animals vultures, crows and kites were
+feeding.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="robbers" id="robbers"></a><b>Queen Margaret and the Robbers.</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>There were once two kings of England at the same
+time. One was Henry VI. He was the rightful
+king, but a very weak and feeble man, and quite unfit to
+rule his kingdom.</p>
+
+<p>The other was young Edward, Duke of York, called
+Edward IV. He was made king by some of the nobles,
+who grew weary of Henry and his foolish deeds.</p>
+
+<p>A number of the English people were faithful to King
+Henry, but many others went over to King Edward's side,
+and there were quarrels between the two parties, which
+ended in a war. This war was called the War of the
+Roses, because the followers of Henry wore a red rose as
+their badge, and Edward's friends wore a white one.</p>
+
+<p>In one battle, fought at Hexham, the White Roses beat
+the Red ones, and King Henry was taken prisoner and sent
+to the Tower of London. His wife, Queen Margaret, with
+her little son, Prince Edward, escaped after the battle, and
+hid themselves in a wild forest. As they wandered among
+the trees, seeking some place where they might be safe from
+their enemies, they met a band of robbers. These rough
+men took away the queen's money and her jewels, tearing
+her necklace from her neck, and her rings from her fingers.
+Then they began to dispute as to who should have most
+of the stolen goods. And while they quarrelled, Queen
+Margaret took her little boy by the hand and ran away
+to a thick part of the wood. There they stayed until the
+angry voices of the robbers could no longer be heard, and
+then, in the growing darkness, they came stealthily from
+their hiding-place. They wandered on, knowing not where
+to go, hoping much to meet some of their friends, and fearing
+still more to be found by their enemies, the soldiers of the
+White Rose. But, alas! they saw no kind face, and night
+came on. Then, as they crept fearfully from tree to tree,
+they met another robber.</p><br />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-36" id="image-36"><!-- Image 36--></a>
+<img src="images/il068s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="280" alt="THE ROBBERS DISCOVER QUEEN MARGARET AND THE PRINCE" title="THE ROBBERS DISCOVER QUEEN MARGARET AND THE PRINCE" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il068x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">THE ROBBERS DISCOVER QUEEN MARGARET AND THE PRINCE</p><br />
+
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span>
+
+<p>The poor queen was much afraid that this robber, who
+looked very fierce, would kill her and the prince, because
+she had no riches left to give him. In despair she threw
+herself upon her knees before him, and said: "My friend, this
+is the son of your king. I give him into your care."</p>
+
+<p>The robber was much surprised to see the queen and the
+prince alone, with their clothes torn and stained, and their
+faces white from hunger and fatigue. But he was a kindhearted
+man, although his looks were rough, and before he
+became a robber he had been a follower of King Henry, so
+he was quite willing to do his best for the little prince. He
+took the boy in his arms, and led the way to a cave in the
+forest, where he lived with his wife. And in this poor
+shelter, the queen and her son stayed for two days, listening
+to every sound, and fearing that their enemies would find
+them. On the third day, however, the friendly robber met
+some of the lords of the Red Rose in the forest, and led
+them to the cave. The queen and prince were overjoyed
+to see their friends, and soon they escaped with them to
+a place of safety.</p>
+
+<p>Their hiding-place has been called "Queen Margaret's
+Cave" ever since that time. If you go to Hexham Forest,
+you will be able to see it.</p><br />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-37" id="image-37"><!-- Image 37--></a>
+<img src="images/il070s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="250" alt="The Robber brings help to Queen Margaret" title="The Robber brings help to Queen Margaret" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il070x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">The Robber brings help to Queen Margaret</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="caxton" id="caxton"></a><b>William Caxton</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In old days, books were not printed as they are now;
+they were written by hand. This took a long time to
+do, so there were not many books, and they were so dear
+that only the rich could buy them.</p>
+
+<p>But after a time, some clever men made a machine,
+called a printing-press, which could print letters.</p>
+
+<p>About that time, an Englishman, named William Caxton,
+lived in Holland, and copied books for a great lady. He
+says his hand grew tired with writing, and his eyes became
+dim with much looking on white paper. So he learned
+how to print, and had a printing-press made for himself,
+which he brought to England. He set it up in a little
+shop in London, and then he began to print books. He
+printed books of all sorts&mdash;tales, and poetry, and history,
+and prayers, and sermons. In the time which it had formerly
+taken him to write one book, he could now print thousands.</p>
+
+<p>All sorts of people crowded to his shop to see
+Caxton's wonderful press; sometimes the king went with
+his nobles. Many of them took written books with them,
+which they wished to have put into print. Some people
+asked Caxton to use in his books the most curious words he
+could find; others wished him to print only old and homely
+words. Caxton liked best the common, simple words which
+men used daily in their speech.</p>
+
+<p>Caxton did a very good thing when he brought the
+printing-press to England, for, after that, books became
+much cheaper, so that many people could buy them, and
+learning spread in the land.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-38" id="image-38"><!-- Image 38--></a>
+<img src="images/il072s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="270" alt="CAXTON IN HIS PRINTING SHOP" title="CAXTON IN HIS PRINTING SHOP" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il072x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">CAXTON IN HIS PRINTING SHOP</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="sir" id="sir"></a><b>Sir Philip Sidney</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>When Elizabeth was Queen of England it was a time
+of great deeds and great men. The queen was brave
+and clever herself, so she liked to have brave and clever
+people around her. Great soldiers, and writers, and statesmen
+went to her court; and when brave seamen came back
+from their voyages to unknown lands far away, they were
+invited by the queen to visit her, and tell her of all the
+strange places and people they had seen. In this Elizabeth
+was wise, for men did their best to show themselves worthy
+of her favours.</p>
+
+<p>Among all the great men at court, none was more
+beloved than Sir Philip Sidney. He was called "the
+darling of the court".</p><br />
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-39" id="image-39"><!-- Image 39--></a>
+<img src="images/il073s.jpg" class="png" height="280" width="500" alt="SIR PHILIP SIDNEY°" title="SIR PHILIP SIDNEY°" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il073x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">SIR PHILIP SIDNEY°</p><br />
+
+<p>At that time, there was much trouble and many wars in
+some other countries, where people were fighting for the right
+to worship God in their own way. Philip Sidney heard of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span>
+these things when he was a boy in his father's house, and his
+heart was stirred with pity. Later, when he was in France,
+a great number of people were cruelly killed because they
+would not pray in the way which the king ordered. Sidney
+never forgot the dreadful sights and sounds of that sad time,
+and when Queen Elizabeth sent an army to help the people
+of Holland, who were fighting for their freedom, he asked for
+leave to go with it. This was granted to him, and he was
+made one of the leaders.</p><br />
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-40" id="image-40"><!-- Image 40--></a>
+<img src="images/il074s.jpg" class="png" height="300" width="500" alt="MARTYRED FOR PRAYING°" title="MARTYRED FOR PRAYING°" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il074x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">MARTYRED FOR PRAYING°</p><br />
+
+<p>But alas! he went out to die. In one battle, a small band
+of the English bravely attacked a large army of their enemies.
+The horse which Sidney was riding was killed under him,
+and as he mounted another, he was shot in the leg, and his
+thigh-bone was broken. The horse took fright and galloped<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span>
+away from the fight, but its wounded and bleeding rider held
+to his seat, and when he reached a place of safety was lifted
+from his horse, and gently laid upon the ground. He was
+faint from loss of blood, and in great pain, and his throat
+was parched with thirst.</p>
+
+<p>"Bring me water," said he to a friend.</p>
+
+<p>This was not easy to do, for there was not a stream near
+at hand, and in order to get to one it would be necessary
+to pass where the shot from the enemy's cannons was falling
+fast. But his friend was brave and went through the
+danger. Then he found some water, and brought it to him.
+Sidney eagerly held out his hand for the cup, and as he
+was preparing to drink, another poor wounded soldier was
+carried past. This man was dying; he could not speak,
+but he looked with longing eyes at the water. Sir Philip
+saw the look, and taking the cup from his own lips, passed
+it to the soldier, saying: "Thy need is greater than mine."
+The poor man quenched his thirst, and blessed him as he
+died.</p>
+
+<p>Sir Philip lived on for a few weeks, growing weaker every
+day, but he never came back to his own land, and the many
+friends who loved him.</p>
+
+<p>Sidney was great in many ways; very fair to see, very wise
+and good, and very clever and witty. He was one of the
+bravest fighters, one of the finest poets, and one of the best
+gentlemen who ever lived. He will always be remembered
+for his brave deeds, and his wise sayings, but most of all do
+men bless his name for this act of kindness to his poor dying
+comrade.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-41" id="image-41"><!-- Image 41--></a>
+<img src="images/il076s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="270" alt="SIR PHILIP SIDNEY AND THE DYING SOLDIER" title="SIR PHILIP SIDNEY AND THE DYING SOLDIER" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il076x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">SIR PHILIP SIDNEY AND THE DYING SOLDIER</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="revenge" id="revenge"></a><b>The "Revenge"</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In the days of Queen Elizabeth, English sailors first began
+to find their way across the seas to new lands, from which
+they brought home many strange, and rich, and beautiful
+things. The Spaniards sailed across the seas too, to fetch
+gold and silver from the mines in Mexico, which belonged to
+the King of Spain. Sometimes the English ships met the
+Spanish ones, and robbed them of their gold, for it was
+thought quite right and fair in those days to take every
+chance of doing harm to the enemies of England. Of
+course the Spaniards hated the English for this, and whenever
+they met English ships which were weaker than theirs
+they attacked them, and robbed them, killing the sailors, or
+taking them prisoners.</p>
+
+<p>Once, a small ship, called the <i>Revenge</i>, was sailing home
+to England, when it met with fifty great Spanish vessels.
+The captain of the <i>Revenge</i> was Sir Richard Grenville, and
+he had a great many sick men on board. There was no
+time to escape from the Spanish ships, which soon surrounded
+the little <i>Revenge</i>. So there were only two courses which
+Sir Richard could take. One was to give up his ship to
+the Spaniards; the other was to fight with them till his men
+were all killed, or his ship sank.</p>
+
+<p>Some of the sailors wished him to take the first course,
+but the others, and all the sick men, said: "Nay, let us fall
+into the hands of God, and not into the hands of Spain."
+This they said because they thought it better to die, than to
+be made prisoners by the cruel Spaniards.</p>
+
+<p>Sir Richard made up his mind to fight. It was after<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span>
+noon when the firing began, and all night long, until daylight
+came, the little English ship kept the fifty Spanish vessels
+at bay. Then it was found that all the powder was gone,
+and all the English were dead or dying. And then only
+was the flag of the <i>Revenge</i> pulled down, to show that she
+surrendered to her enemies.</p>
+
+<p>The brave Sir Richard was taken on board a Spanish
+ship, where he soon died of his wounds.</p>
+
+<p>These were his last words: "Here die I, Richard
+Grenville, with a joyful and quiet mind, for I have ended
+my life as a good soldier ought. I have fought for my
+country and my queen, for honour, and for God."</p><br />
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-42" id="image-42"><!-- Image 42--></a>
+<img src="images/il078s.jpg" class="png" height="325" width="500" alt="DEATH OF SIR RICHARD GRENVILLE°" title="DEATH OF SIR RICHARD GRENVILLE°" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il078x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">DEATH OF SIR RICHARD GRENVILLE°</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="pilgrim" id="pilgrim"></a><b>The Pilgrim Fathers</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>There was a time when the people of England were
+not allowed to pray to God in the way they thought
+right, but were punished if they did not worship as the
+king ordered. This was very hard, and when James I was
+king, a little band of brave people, who found that they
+could not obey the king, left their country to make a new
+home across the sea, where they could be free. They are
+called the "Pilgrim Fathers".</p>
+
+<p>A hundred people&mdash;men, women, and children&mdash;set sail
+in a little ship called the <i>Mayflower</i> for the
+new world which a great explorer called Columbus had
+discovered away in the west, and which we now call America.
+They had a long and stormy voyage, but at last, in
+mid-winter, they landed on the shores of North America,
+and set up their huts.</p>
+
+<p>At first they had much trouble, for the ground was frozen
+and barren. They suffered from hunger and sickness, and
+the wild Indians who lived in that land came down upon
+them and tried to drive them away. But the Pilgrim
+Fathers did not lose courage. They were free, and they
+worked hard, and waited in patience for brighter days. By
+and by other ships from England brought food to keep them
+alive, and more people to help them. Then they made
+friends with the Indians, and when spring came they planted
+seeds and grew crops for themselves.</p>
+
+<p>After a time many other Englishmen, who wished to be
+free, followed the Pilgrim Fathers, and settled in America.
+They founded the colonies of New England, which are now
+a part of the United States.</p><br />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-43" id="image-43"><!-- Image 43--></a>
+<img src="images/il080s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="280" alt="THE PILGRIM FATHERS ENTERING THE NEW WORLD" title="THE PILGRIM FATHERS ENTERING THE NEW WORLD" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il080x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">THE PILGRIM FATHERS ENTERING THE NEW WORLD</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="guy" id="guy"></a><b>Guy Fawkes</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In the time of James I, many of the English people
+were very hardly treated because of their religion. At
+last they could bear the ill-usage no longer, and they
+thought of a plan to get rid of the king and queen and
+their eldest son.</p>
+
+<p>Many barrels of gunpowder were secretly put into a
+cellar under the Parliament House, where James was to
+meet his lords and commons on November 5; and a man
+named Guy Fawkes was hired to set fire to it at the right
+time, and so to blow up the hall above, and all in it.</p>
+
+<p>All was ready, when one of the plotters remembered that
+a friend of his would be at the meeting next day. As he
+did not wish him to be killed, he sent him a letter, without
+signing his name, saying: "Do not go to the House, for
+there shall be a sudden blow to many, and they shall not
+see who hurts them".</p>
+
+<p>The lord who received this letter took it to the King's
+Council, and when King James saw it, he guessed what the
+"sudden blow" would be. Men were sent to search the
+cellars, and there, on the very night before the deed was
+to be done, Guy Fawkes was found waiting till the time
+should come to set fire to the powder. He was cruelly
+tortured to make him tell all he knew, but he was a brave
+man, and he died without betraying his friends.</p>
+
+<p>Since that time, every year, on the 5th of November,
+bonfires have been lighted in many places in England, and
+"guys" burned, to remind people how an English king
+was once saved from a great danger.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-44" id="image-44"><!-- Image 44--></a>
+<img src="images/il082s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="275" alt="THE ARREST OF GUY FAWKES" title="THE ARREST OF GUY FAWKES" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il082x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">THE ARREST OF GUY FAWKES</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="iron" id="iron"></a><b>Cromwell and his Ironsides</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>When Charles I came to the throne of England, it
+was soon seen that he was as bad a king as his father
+James I had been.</p>
+
+<p>He did not care at all for the good of his country and
+his people, but thought only of his own pleasure. He took
+away men's money and lands, and if they offended him he
+took their lives too.</p>
+
+<p>Englishmen would not bear this unjust treatment for long,
+and soon a war began between the king and the people, who
+were determined to be free.</p>
+
+<p>At first the king and his men were victorious everywhere,
+for they were all used to horses and arms, and fought so well
+and so bravely that the people could not stand against them.
+But at last a great leader arose among the people. This
+leader, who was called Oliver Cromwell, was a rough man,
+but he was just, good, and honest.</p>
+
+<p>He saw at once that the people would never gain the
+victory over the brave gentlemen-soldiers of King Charles,
+unless they had obedient and well-trained men to fight for
+them. So he chose a band of plain, hard-working men
+who feared God, and loved duty and right, and he spent
+all his money in fitting them with arms and horses, and in
+training them sternly, until they became the finest soldiers
+the world has ever known. Cromwell called his men his
+"lovely company", and others called them "Ironsides", for
+they were strong and firm as iron, and were never beaten.
+It was these brave, sober, obedient soldiers who at last defeated
+the king's army, and won freedom for the people of England.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-45" id="image-45"><!-- Image 45--></a>
+<img src="images/il084s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="280" alt="CROMWELL LEADS HIS IRONSIDES TO BATTLE" title="CROMWELL LEADS HIS IRONSIDES TO BATTLE" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il084x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">CROMWELL LEADS HIS IRONSIDES TO BATTLE</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="armada" id="armada"></a><b>The Spanish Armada</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The Armada was a great fleet which the King of
+Spain sent to attack England, in the days of Queen
+Elizabeth. There were more than a hundred ships, so large
+and high that they looked like towers on the sea; and they
+came sailing along arranged in the shape of a big half-moon.</p>
+
+<p>The great English admiral, Sir Francis Drake, was
+playing at bowls when messengers came hurrying to tell him
+that the Armada was approaching. He quietly finished his
+game, and then set sail to fight the Spaniards. His fleet
+was not so large as the Armada, and the ships were small,
+but they were light and fast. They met the Armada in
+the English Channel, and sailed round it, attacking any
+ship that dropped out of line, and speeding away before
+the clumsy Spanish vessels could seize them. In this
+way they did much harm to the enemy. Then, one night,
+when it was dark, and the Spanish vessels were lying
+quietly at anchor, Admiral Drake sent eight blazing
+fire-ships into their midst. In great fear, the Spaniards
+cut their anchor-ropes, and sailed out to the open sea,
+and the English ships followed, firing upon them as they
+fled. For two days the English chased the flying
+Spaniards. Then their powder and shot failed, and a
+storm arose; so they had to go back. The Armada sailed
+on, hoping to escape, but the wild tempest tossed many of
+the great vessels on the rocks and cliffs of the coast, and
+dashed them to pieces. Only a few, broken and battered,
+with starving and weary men on board, ever reached Spain
+again. And so England was saved.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-46" id="image-46"><!-- Image 46--></a>
+<img src="images/il086s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="275" alt="DRAKE IS TOLD THAT THE ARMADA IS APPROACHING" title="DRAKE IS TOLD THAT THE ARMADA IS APPROACHING" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il086x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">DRAKE IS TOLD THAT THE ARMADA IS APPROACHING</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-47" id="image-47"><!-- Image 47--></a>
+<img src="images/il087s.jpg" class="png" height="300" width="500" alt="THE LITTLE REVENGE FIGHTS FIFTY SPANISH GALLEONS" title="THE LITTLE REVENGE FIGHTS FIFTY SPANISH GALLEONS" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il087x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">THE LITTLE "REVENGE" FIGHTS FIFTY SPANISH GALLEONS</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="house" id="house"></a><b>The Defence of Lathom House</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Lathom House is an old English castle. When
+the war broke out between King Charles I and his
+people, the Earl of Derby, who was the master of this castle,
+went away to fight for the king. He left the Countess at
+home with her children, with a small band of armed men
+to guard her and the castle. One day an army of the
+people's soldiers came to the castle, and the leader of the
+army sent word to the Countess that she must give up the
+castle at once.</p>
+
+<p>But the Countess was a brave woman. She replied
+that she would rather set fire to the castle, and die with
+her children in the flames, than give it up to the king's
+enemies.</p>
+
+<p>Then began a fight which lasted many weeks. The
+large army outside the walls did their best to break a
+way in, but the small company inside defended the castle
+bravely. At last the leader of the besiegers brought a
+strong new gun, and it was soon seen that this would break
+down the walls. Then one night the Countess sent out a
+party of brave men, who seized the new gun and brought it
+into the castle, and so the worst danger was over. Soon
+afterwards Prince Rupert, one of the king's generals, came
+with an army to help the Countess, and Lathom House was
+saved.</p>
+
+<p>The prince drove away the soldiers of the people, and
+took from them twenty-two banners, which he sent as a
+present to the Countess, to show how much he admired her
+bravery.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-48" id="image-48"><!-- Image 48--></a>
+<img src="images/il090s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="280" alt="THE COUNTESS RECEIVES THE BANNERS" title="THE COUNTESS RECEIVES THE BANNERS" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il090x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">THE COUNTESS RECEIVES THE BANNERS</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="archers" id="archers"></a>THE OUTLAWED ARCHERS.</h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Many years ago there dwelt in the forest of
+Inglewood, in the North country, three yeomen,
+who had been outlawed for killing the king's deer.
+They were all famous archers, and defying every
+attempt to arrest them, they lived a free life in the
+green wood. But finally growing tired of this
+dangerous life, they went to the king to sue for
+pardon. It happened that the king's archers were
+exhibiting their skill by shooting at marks, which
+none of them missed. But one of the outlawed
+archers, named Cloudesly, made light of their skill,
+and told the king that he could do better than any
+of his archers had done. "To prove the truth of
+my claim," he said, "I will take my son, who is
+only seven years old and is dear to me, and I will
+tie him to a stake, and lay an apple on his head,
+and go six score paces from him, and with a broad
+arrow I will cleave the apple in two."</p>
+
+<p>"Now listen," said the king, "and do as you say;
+but if you touch his head, or his dress, you shall
+be hanged all three."</p>
+
+<p>"I will not go back on my word," said Cloudesly;
+and driving a stake into the ground, he bound
+thereto his little son, and placed an apple on his
+head. All being ready he bent his bow, the arrow
+flew from the string, the apple was cleft in twain,
+and the child was unhurt. The king thereupon
+pardoned the three outlaws and received them into
+his service.</p><br />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-49" id="image-49"><!-- Image 49--></a>
+<img src="images/il092s.jpg" class="png" height="457" width="395" alt="CLOUDSEY SHOOTS AN APPLE FROM THE HEAD OF HIS SON°" title="CLOUDSEY SHOOTS AN APPLE FROM THE HEAD OF HIS SON°" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il092x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">CLOUDSEY SHOOTS AN APPLE FROM THE HEAD OF HIS SON°</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 class="space"><a name="eandr" id="eandr"></a><b>Elizabeth and Raleigh</b></h2><span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Contents</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Sir Walter Raleigh was a favourite courtier of
+Queen Elizabeth. An old story tells us of the way he
+won her favour.</p>
+
+<p>One day, as the queen and her ladies were out walking,
+dressed in fine robes of silk and lace, they came to a miry
+puddle in the road. The queen stopped in dismay, for she
+did not like getting her feet wet and dirty. As she was
+thinking how best to step through the mud, a young man
+in a rich suit came along the road.</p>
+
+<p>Directly he saw the queen, young Raleigh, for it was he,
+sprang forward, and, taking off his velvet cloak, spread it
+over the mud for her to walk upon.</p>
+
+<p>Elizabeth was much pleased; she rewarded Raleigh with
+a post in the palace. There, one day, he wrote upon
+a window which he knew the queen would pass: "Fain
+would I climb, but that I fear to fall". When Elizabeth
+saw this, she added these words: "If thy heart fail thee,
+climb not at all". However, Raleigh did climb very soon
+to a high place, for he was clever and brave as well as
+polite, and he served the queen in many ways.</p>
+
+<p>It is said that his ships first brought potatoes and tobacco
+to England from America, and that he was the first man in
+this country to smoke. One day, a servant brought a jug of
+ale into the room where Raleigh was sitting and smoking.
+The man was much alarmed to see smoke coming from his
+master's mouth, and he quickly emptied the jug of ale over
+Raleigh's head, to put out the fire which he thought was
+burning within him.</p><br />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="toill"><a href="#ill">Illustrations</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><a name="image-50" id="image-50"><!-- Image 50--></a>
+<img src="images/il094s.jpg" class="png" height="400" width="280" alt="RALEIGH SPREADS HIS CLOAK BEFORE ELIZABETH" title="RALEIGH SPREADS HIS CLOAK BEFORE ELIZABETH" /></p>
+<p class="image"><a href="images/il094x.jpg" class="image">View larger image</a></p>
+
+<p class="caption">RALEIGH SPREADS HIS CLOAK BEFORE ELIZABETH</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's True Stories of Wonderful Deeds, by Anonymous
+
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+</body>
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@@ -0,0 +1,2205 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of True Stories of Wonderful Deeds, by Anonymous
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: True Stories of Wonderful Deeds
+       Pictures and Stories for Little Folk
+
+Author: Anonymous
+
+Release Date: July 16, 2007 [EBook #22080]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TRUE STORIES OF WONDERFUL DEEDS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Thomas Strong, Fox in the Stars
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+{Transcriber's Note: Obvious mis-spellings and printing errors have been
+ corrected. Table of Contents, List of Illustrations and page numbers,
+ each of which is not included in the original, are supplied.
+ Illustration captions marked with  deg. are supplied. All other
+ inconsistencies are as in the original.}
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+True Stories of Wonderful Deeds
+
+   PICTURES AND STORIES FOR
+         LITTLE FOLK
+
+       [Illustration]
+
+          CHICAGO
+
+  M.A. DONOHUE & COMPANY.
+
+ 407-429 DEARBORN STREET.
+
+
+
+
+ TABLE OF CONTENTS
+
+                                                                  PAGE
+
+ THE ROYAL OAK                                                      2
+
+ BONNIE PRINCE CHARLIE                                              5
+
+ NELSON AND HARDY                                                   7
+
+ WATT AND THE KETTLE                                                9
+
+ QUEEN VICTORIA AND HER SOLDIERS                                   11
+
+ THE RELIEF OF LUCKNOW                                             13
+
+ GRACE DARLING                                                     15
+
+ DAVID LIVINGSTONE                                                 17
+
+ THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO                                            19
+
+ THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE                                   22
+
+ THE CORONATION OF KING EDWARD VII                                 24
+
+ WAR                                                               26
+
+ A BOY'S HEROIC DEEDS                                              28
+
+ A CAT'S EXTRAORDINARY LEAP                                        31
+
+ A BRAVE QUEEN                                                     33
+
+ KING ALFRED AND THE CAKES                                         36
+
+ NOT ANGLES, BUT ANGELS                                            38
+
+ HEREWARD THE WAKE                                                 40
+
+ CANUTE                                                            42
+
+ THE BRAVE MEN OF CALAIS                                           44
+
+ WAT TYLER                                                         47
+
+ BRUCE AND THE SPIDER                                              50
+
+ RICHARD AND BLONDEL                                               53
+
+ THE WHITE SHIP                                                    55
+
+ JOAN OF ARC                                                       57
+
+ AFLOAT WITH A TIGER                                               59
+
+ QUEEN MARGARET AND THE ROBBERS                                    63
+
+ WILLIAM CAXTON                                                    67
+
+ SIR PHILIP SIDNEY                                                 69
+
+ THE "REVENGE"                                                     73
+
+ THE PILGRIM FATHERS                                               75
+
+ GUY FAWKES                                                        77
+
+ CROMWELL AND HIS IRONSIDES                                        79
+
+ THE SPANISH ARMADA                                                81
+
+ THE DEFENCE OF LATHOM HOUSE                                       84
+
+ THE OUTLAWED ARCHERS                                              86
+
+ ELIZABETH AND RALEIGH                                             88
+
+
+
+
+LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+                                                                  PAGE
+
+KING CHARLES IN HIDING                                              1
+
+KING CHARLES IN THE OAK                                             4
+
+PRINCE CHARLES AT THE BATTLE OF CULLODEN                            6
+
+NELSON ON THE "VICTORY" AT TRAFALGAR                                8
+
+WATCHING THE BOILING KETTLE                                        10
+
+QUEEN VICTORIA VISITS HER WOUNDED SOLDIERS                         12
+
+THE HIGHLANDERS ENTERING LUCKNOW                                   14
+
+GRACE DARLING ROWS OUT TO THE WRECK                                16
+
+THE MEETING OF STANLEY AND LIVINGSTONE                             18
+
+BRITISH SOLDIERS AT THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO                         20
+
+THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE                                    21
+
+AFTERMATH OF BATTLE deg.                                               23
+
+KING EDWARD VII AND QUEEN ALEXANDRIA                               25
+
+SPYING ON INDIANS deg.                                                 27
+
+SAVED FROM THE FLOOD                                               28
+
+QUEEN BOADICEA                                                     32
+
+QUEEN BOADICEA AND HER SOLDIERS                                    35
+
+KING ALFRED FORGETS THE CAKES                                      37
+
+THE ENGLISH PRISONERS AT ROME                                      39
+
+HEREWARD AND HIS MEN ATTACK THE NORMANS                            41
+
+CANUTE ORDERS THE TIDE TO STOP                                     43
+
+QUEEN PHILLIPA PLEADS FOR THE MEN OF CALAIS                        45
+
+THE MEN OF CALAIS ARE SPARED deg.                                      46
+
+WAT TYLER deg.                                                         47
+
+YOUNG KING RICHARD QUELLS THE REBELLION                            49
+
+BRUCE WATCHING THE SPIDER                                          51
+
+RICHARD LION HEART FIGHTING IN THE HOLY LAND                       52
+
+BLONDEL SINGS BENEATH RICHARD'S WINDOW                             54
+
+PRINCE WILLIAM RETURNS TO SAVE HIS SISTER                          56
+
+JOAN AT THE HEAD OF THE ARMY                                       58
+
+AFLOAT WITH A TIGER deg.                                               60
+
+THE ROBBERS DISCOVER QUEEN MARGARET AND THE PRINCE                 64
+
+THE ROBBER BRINGS HELP TO QUEEN MARGARET                           66
+
+CAXTON IN HIS PRINTING SHOP                                        68
+
+SIR PHILIP SIDNEY deg.                                                 69
+
+MARTYRED FOR PRAYING deg.                                              70
+
+SIR PHILIP SIDNEY AND THE DYING SOLDIER                            72
+
+DEATH OF SIR RICHARD GRENVILLE deg.                                    74
+
+THE PILGRIM FATHERS ENTERING THE NEW WORLD                         76
+
+THE ARREST OF GUY FAWKES                                           78
+
+CROMWELL LEADS HIS IRONSIDES TO BATTLE                             80
+
+DRAKE IS TOLD THAT THE ARMADA IS APPROACHING                       82
+
+THE LITTLE "REVENGE" FIGHTS FIFTY SPANISH GALLEONS                 83
+
+THE COUNTESS RECEIVES THE BANNERS                                  85
+
+CLOUDSEY SHOOTS AN APPLE FROM THE HEAD OF HIS SON deg.                 87
+
+RALEIGH SPREADS HIS CLOAK BEFORE ELIZABETH                         89
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: King Charles in Hiding]
+
+
+
+
+=The Royal Oak=
+
+
+There is in Shropshire a fine oak-tree which the country people there
+call the "Royal Oak". They say it is the great-grandson, or perhaps the
+great-great-grandson of another fine old oak, which more than two
+hundred years ago stood on the same spot, and served once as a shelter
+to an English king. This king was Charles II, the son of the unlucky
+Charles I who had his head cut off by his subjects because he was a weak
+and selfish ruler.
+
+On the very day on which that unhappy king lost his head, the Parliament
+passed a law forbidding anyone to make his son, Prince Charles of Wales,
+or any other person, king of England. But the Scottish people did not
+obey this law. They persuaded the young prince to sign a paper, solemnly
+promising to rule the country as they wished; then they crowned him
+king. As soon as the Parliament heard of this they sent Cromwell and his
+Ironsides against the newly-crowned king and his followers, and after
+several battles the Scottish army was at last broken up and scattered at
+Worcester.
+
+Charles fled and hid in a wood, where some poor wood-cutters took care
+of him and helped him. He put on some of their clothes, cut his hair
+short, and stained his face and hands brown so that he might appear to
+be a sunburnt workman like them. But it was some time before he could
+escape from the wood, for Cromwell's soldiers were searching it in the
+hope of finding some of the king's men. One day, Charles and two of his
+friends had to climb into the tall oak to avoid being caught. They had
+with them some food, which proved very useful, for they were obliged to
+stay in their strange hiding-place for a whole day. The top of the
+oak-tree had been cut off some few years before this time, and this had
+made the lower branches grow thick and bushy, so that people walking
+below could not easily see through them. It was a fortunate thing for
+Charles, for while he was in the tree, he heard the soldiers beating the
+boughs and bushes in the wood as they searched here and there, and even
+caught glimpses of them through the leaves as they rode about below.
+
+When they had gone, without even glancing up into the tall oak-tree, he
+came down, and rode away from the wood on an old mill-horse, with his
+friends the wood-cutters walking beside him to take care of him as best
+they could. The saddle was a poor one, and the horse's pace jolted
+Charles so much, that at last he cried out that he had never seen so bad
+a steed. At this the owner of the horse jestingly told him that he
+should not find fault with the poor animal, which had never before
+carried the weight of three kingdoms upon its back. He meant, of course,
+that Charles was king of the three kingdoms of England, and Scotland,
+and Ireland.
+
+Carried by the old horse, and helped by the poor wood-cutters, Charles
+at last reached the house of a friend. Here he hid for a time, and then
+went on to try and escape from the country. This time, so that he might
+not be discovered, he was dressed as a servant, and rode on horseback,
+with a lady sitting on a cushion behind him, as was then the fashion.
+After several more dangers he managed to get on board a ship and sailed
+away to France.
+
+[Illustration: KING CHARLES IN THE OAK]
+
+
+
+
+=Bonnie Prince Charlie=
+
+
+Prince Charlie was the grandson of King James II, who was driven away
+from the throne of England because he was a selfish man and a bad ruler.
+The young prince tried to win the crown back again. He came over to
+Scotland from France, with only seven followers; but soon a great many
+of the Scots joined him, for he was so gay, and handsome, and friendly,
+that all who saw him loved him. They called him "Bonnie Prince Charlie".
+But though the prince and his followers were very brave, they had no
+chance against the well-trained soldiers of King George of England. They
+won a few victories; then they were thoroughly beaten in the battle of
+Culloden. Thousands of brave Scots were slain, and the prince had to fly
+for his life.
+
+After this, for many weeks, he hid among the moors and mountains from
+the English soldiers who were trying to find him. He lived in small
+huts, or in caves, and many times had nothing but the wild berries from
+the woods to eat. Once he stayed for three weeks with a band of robbers,
+who were very kind to him; and though the king offered a large sum of
+money to anyone who would give him up, not one of his poor friends was
+false to him.
+
+At last, a young and beautiful Scottish lady, named Flora MacDonald,
+helped him to escape. She gave him woman's clothes, and pretended that
+he was her servant, called Betty Burke. Then she took him with her away
+from the place where the soldiers were searching, and after a time he
+reached the sea, and got safely away to France.
+
+[Illustration: PRINCE CHARLIE AT THE BATTLE OF CULLODEN]
+
+
+
+
+=Nelson and Hardy=
+
+
+Lord Nelson was one of the greatest seamen that ever lived. He commanded
+the British fleet at the battle of Trafalgar, when the navies of France
+and Spain were beaten, and England was saved from a great danger. He did
+not look like a famous admiral on board his ship, the _Victory_, that
+day. He was a small man, and his clothes were shabby. He had lost one
+arm and one eye in battle; but with the eye which remained he could see
+more than most men with two, and his brain was busy planning the course
+of the coming fight. Just before it began, he went over his ship, giving
+orders to the crew, and cheering them with kind words, which touched the
+hearts of the rough men, who loved their leader and were proud of him.
+"England expects every man to do his duty" was the last message he sent
+them. Every man did his duty nobly that day, though the battle was
+fierce and long; but it was the last fight of the brave commander. He
+was shot in the back as he walked the deck with his friend Captain
+Hardy, and was carried below.
+
+He lay dying for several hours, but, in spite of his great pain, his one
+thought was of the battle. "How goes the day with us?" he asked of
+Hardy; and when told that many of the enemies' ships were taken, he
+cried eagerly, "I am glad. Whip them, Hardy, as they have never been
+whipped before." Later, when his friend came to tell him that the
+victory was won, Nelson pressed his hand. "Good-bye, Hardy!" said he, "I
+have done my duty, and I thank God for it." These were the last words of
+one of England's bravest sons.
+
+[Illustration: NELSON ON THE "VICTORY" AT TRAFALGAR]
+
+
+
+
+=Watt and the Kettle=
+
+
+There was once a little Scotch boy named James Watt. He was not a strong
+child, and could not always run and play with other boys, but had often
+to amuse himself at home. One holiday afternoon little James amused
+himself in this way. He held a saucer over the stream of steam which
+came from the spout of a boiling kettle, and as he watched he saw little
+drops of water forming on the saucer. He thought this was very strange,
+and wondered why it happened, for he did not know that steam is just
+water changed in form by the heat, and that as soon as it touches
+something cold it turns again into water. He asked his aunt to explain
+it, but she only told him not to waste his time. If she could have
+foreseen the work which her nephew would do when he became a man, she
+would not have thought he was wasting his time.
+
+When James Watt grew up, he was as much interested in steam and its
+wonderful power, as he had been as a boy. He was sure it could be made
+of great service to men. It was already used for driving engines, but
+the engines were not good, and it cost much money to work them. Watt
+thought they could be improved, but it was long before he found out the
+way to do this. Often, he sat by the fire watching the lid of the kettle
+as it was made to dance by the steam, and thinking of many plans; and at
+last a happy thought came to him. His plan enabled great improvements to
+be made in the working of engines, and now steam drives our trains and
+ships, our mills and factories, and is one of our most useful servants.
+
+[Illustration: WATCHING THE BOILING KETTLE]
+
+
+
+
+=Queen Victoria and her Soldiers=
+
+
+Queen Victoria was always proud of her brave soldiers. In time of war,
+she gave orders that news of them was to be sent to her every day, and
+when the generals returned home, they were commanded to visit her, and
+to tell her of the bravery of the troops.
+
+During the long war with the Russians in the Crimea, the British
+soldiers suffered greatly from the freezing winds, and rain, and snow,
+of that cold land. When Queen Victoria heard of this, she and her
+children worked with their own hands to make warm clothing for them. A
+great many of the wounded and sick men were sent home in ships, to be
+nursed in the English hospitals, and the Queen paid several visits to
+the poor fellows as they lay there. Moving from one bed to another, she
+cheered them with hopeful words, and listened gladly to their stories of
+the battles in which they had fought. When she saw that the hospitals
+were crowded, and not very comfortable, she told Parliament that better
+ones ought to be provided, and after a time this was done, and the fine
+hospital of Netley was built, of which the Queen laid the first stone.
+
+Once, Queen Victoria herself gave medals to some wounded and disabled
+soldiers who had fought very bravely. Some of these men could not raise
+their arms to salute their queen; some could not walk, but had to be
+wheeled in chairs to her side; but all were proud to receive their
+medals of honour from her hands.
+
+"Noble fellows," she wrote of them afterwards, "I feel as if they were
+my own children."
+
+[Illustration: QUEEN VICTORIA VISITS HER WOUNDED SOLDIERS]
+
+
+
+
+=The Relief of Lucknow=
+
+
+During the time of the terrible Indian Mutiny, when most of the native
+troops rose against their British rulers, and vowed to kill every white
+person in the land, many cruel deeds were done. A great number of white
+people were slain before the British troops could come to their rescue,
+but in some places they managed to hold out until help reached them.
+This was the case in the city of Lucknow, where the British governor
+with a small body of troops, and a great many women and children, took
+refuge in the Government House from a vast host of rebels who came to
+attack them. Many of the brave defenders were killed by the shot and
+shell of the enemy. Many others, and especially the little children,
+fell sick and died, for the heat was very great, and there was no good
+water to be had. Then, after many days, a small body of white soldiers
+fought their way into the city, and brought help and hope to the rest of
+the party. They were only just in time. Had they come a few days later
+they would have found the Government House a heap of ruins, and their
+friends dead, for the rebels were making a mine under the building and
+meant to blow it up with gunpowder. But alas! the newcomers were not
+strong enough to fight their way out of Lucknow with a crowd of helpless
+women and children and sick folk, so they, too were now shut in. For two
+months longer they held out. Then at last, when they had almost lost
+hope, the great Sir Colin Campbell with his brave Highlanders and other
+soldiers defeated the rebels, and brought the band of sick, starving,
+and weary people safely away.
+
+[Illustration: THE HIGHLANDERS ENTERING LUCKNOW]
+
+
+
+
+=Grace Darling=
+
+
+On a small rocky island, off the north coast of England, there is a
+lighthouse. A man named William Darling was once keeper of this
+lighthouse, and his daughter Grace lived with him. Every day Grace
+Darling helped her father to trim the lamps, so that at night they might
+shine brightly, and warn sailors to steer their ships away from the
+dangerous rocks, upon which they would have been dashed to pieces.
+
+One stormy night Grace woke with the sound of screams in her ears. The
+screams came from the sea, so she knew that some ship must be in
+distress. She roused her father, but they could see nothing in the
+darkness. When daylight came, they found that a ship had been wrecked
+upon the rocks some way off, and a few people were clinging to the
+masts. Grace wished to go at once in a boat to save them; but at first
+her father hung back, for the wind and sea were wild, and he feared
+that the small boat would be overturned by the great waves. Then Grace
+ran to the boat, and seized an oar, for she could not bear to let the
+poor men die without trying to save them; and the father could not let
+his brave, daughter go alone, so he followed, and they rowed off.
+
+It was hard work pulling against the strong sea, and several times the
+small boat was almost sunk. But at last it reached the wreck, and
+William Darling managed to land upon the rock, and with great care and
+skill helped the half-frozen people into the small boat. Then they were
+taken to the lighthouse, where Grace warmed and fed them, until the
+storm ceased, and they could return to their homes.
+
+[Illustration: GRACE DARLING ROWS OUT TO THE WRECK]
+
+
+
+
+=David Livingstone=
+
+
+At one time many people believed that the middle of Africa was a sandy
+desert, where nothing could live but camels and ostriches. But they were
+mistaken. The great traveller, David Livingstone, journeyed into this
+unknown country, and he found that it was not a desert but a beautiful
+land, where many tribes of black people dwelt. He also saw that these
+people were often seized by strangers, and taken away to be sold as
+slaves. This sight filled him with sadness, and he made up his mind to
+put a stop to this cruel traffic. He worked hard, tracing the courses of
+the rivers, finding the best tracts of land, and teaching the natives.
+Then he urged his countrymen to send others after him to settle in this
+fair country, to help the natives to learn useful trades, and to drive
+away the slave-merchants.
+
+For some years he was quite alone, with his black servants, in the midst
+of this wild land. His friends grew anxious, and sent Mr. Stanley,
+another great traveller, to look for him. Stanley marched for nearly a
+year before he found Livingstone. The old explorer was white and worn
+with sickness and hardship, and he was overjoyed to clasp once more the
+hand of a white man, and to hear again the English tongue. But he would
+not return to England. He said his work was not yet done, and he set out
+once more on his travels. It was his last journey. One morning his
+servants found him dead upon his bed. Since that time much has been done
+to make Central Africa a prosperous land. Other white men have followed
+where Livingstone led, and wherever they have settled, the wicked
+slave-trade has been stopped.
+
+[Illustration: THE MEETING OF STANLEY AND LIVINGSTONE]
+
+
+
+
+=The Battle of Waterloo=
+
+
+Fields of waving corn, green woods, fruitful orchards, a pretty
+farmhouse and a few cottages--such was the plain of Waterloo. And there,
+on a summer Sunday, nearly a hundred years ago, was fought a famous
+battle, in which the British troops under the Duke of Wellington beat
+the French army, and broke the power of the great Napoleon for ever.
+
+"We have them," cried Napoleon as he saw the British drawn up before
+him. He thought it would be easy to destroy this army, so much smaller
+than his own, before their friends the Prussians, who were on the way to
+help them, came up. But he was mistaken. Wellington had placed his
+foot-soldiers in squares, and though the French horsemen, then the
+finest soldiers in the world, charged again and again, these little
+clumps of brave men stood fast. On his favourite horse "Copenhagen",
+Wellington rode to and fro cheering his men. "Stand firm, my lads,"
+cried he. "What will they say to this in England?"
+
+Not till evening, when the Prussians came, would he allow them to charge
+the French in their turn. Then, waving his cocked hat over his head, he
+gave the order, "The whole line will advance", and the impatient troops
+dashed forward. The French bravely tried to stand against this terrific
+charge, but they were beaten back, and the battle of Waterloo was ended.
+
+Sixty thousand men lay dead or wounded under the fruit-trees, and among
+the trampled corn and grass at the end of that terrible day.
+
+[Illustration: BRITISH SOLDIERS AT THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO]
+
+[Illustration: THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE]
+
+
+
+
+=The Charge of the Light Brigade=
+
+
+Forward the Light!
+
+Such was the order given during a great battle to the leader of a band
+of six hundred British soldiers. Forward! And there in front was a line
+of cannon ready to shoot them down as they came, while on the hills on
+either side of the valley were the guns and riflemen of the Russians.
+
+"Surely someone has blundered! My men are sent to certain death,"
+thought the leader of the Light Brigade.
+
+"Forward! Attack!"
+
+The order was repeated, and with the obedience of well-trained soldiers
+the Brigade started.
+
+  "Theirs not to make reply,
+   Theirs not to reason why,
+   Theirs but to do and die:
+   Into the valley of Death
+   Rode the six hundred."
+
+On every side thundered the enemy's guns, and shot and shell fell thick
+and fast, but on through all rode the brave horsemen, on till they
+reached the cannon at the end of the valley. The smoke of the enemy's
+fire closed round and hid them from their watching comrades, but now and
+again the scarlet lines could be seen cutting down those who tried to
+stop their charge.
+
+  "Flashed all their sabres bare,
+   Flashed as they turned in air,
+   Sabring the gunners there,
+   Charging an army, while
+   All the world wonder'd."
+
+[Illustration: AFTERMATH OF BATTLE deg.]
+
+And then only, when the strange order had been obeyed, when their duty
+had been nobly done in the face of death, did the Light Brigade--all
+that was left of it--turn to ride back. Alas! there were not then six
+hundred. Barely two hundred brave men, wounded, and blackened by smoke
+and powder, reached the British camp. The rest of the noble band lay
+dead or dying in the valley of Death.
+
+  "When can their glory fade?
+   O the wild charge they made!
+   All the world wonder'd.
+   Honour the charge they made!
+   Honour the Light Brigade,
+   Noble six hundred!"
+
+
+
+
+=The Coronation of King Edward VII=
+
+
+Never had a country a more popular king than King Edward VII, nor a more
+gracious queen than Queen Alexandra, and never was a happier day for the
+English people than that on which King Edward was crowned. A few days
+before the date fixed for the Coronation the king suddenly became ill,
+and a great gloom fell over the country, for it was feared that he might
+never be crowned. But though his illness was severe he soon began to get
+better, and when he was out of danger the hearts of his subjects were
+filled with joy and thankfulness. Guns were fired, church-bells pealed,
+and glad shouts and cheers rang out from the happy crowds which lined
+the streets of London, through which the king and queen, in the midst of
+their gay procession, drove to Westminster Abbey.
+
+Inside the gray old Abbey was one of the most brilliant gatherings the
+world has ever seen. Princes and princesses from other lands were there,
+in their robes of state; peers and peeresses, in velvet, and ermine, and
+glittering diamonds; grave statesmen; and soldiers in their gay
+uniforms.
+
+It was a grand and solemn scene when, before them all, the aged
+Archbishop of Canterbury drew near to the King, and with trembling hands
+placed the crown upon his head.
+
+"The Lord give you a fruitful country, and healthful seasons, victorious
+fleets and armies, and a quiet Empire." These are the words that the old
+man said when he had crowned the king, and each one of us will pray that
+all these blessings may indeed rest upon King Edward VII, and the great
+Empire over which he rules.
+
+[Illustration: KING EDWARD VII AND QUEEN ALEXANDRA]
+
+
+
+
+=WAR.=
+
+
+  Over the broad, fair valley,
+    Filling the heart with fear,
+  Comes the sound of tramping horses,
+    And the news of danger near.
+
+  'Tis the enemy approaching,
+    One can hear the muffled drum,
+  And the marching of the soldiers,
+    As on and on they come.
+
+  Soon the air is rent in sunder,
+    Bullets flying sharp and fast,
+  Many stout hearts fail and tremble,
+    Every moment seems their last.
+
+  On the ground lie dead and dying,
+    Young and old alike must fall;
+  None to come and aid the sufferer,
+    Fight they must for freedom's call.
+
+  Many are the anxious loved ones
+    Praying for the war to cease,
+  Waiting for the right to conquer,
+    Bringing freedom, rest, and peace.
+
+  E.S.
+
+[Illustration: SPYING ON INDIANS deg.]
+
+
+
+
+A BOY'S HEROIC DEEDS.
+
+
+May 31st, 1889, is a day that will long be remembered with horror by the
+people in the beautiful valley of the Conemaugh, in Pennsylvania. On
+that date occurred the terrible disaster which is known to the world and
+will be named in history as the "Johnstown Flood."
+
+[Illustration: SAVED FROM THE FLOOD.]
+
+For many days previous to that date it had been raining hard, and great
+floods extended over a vast region of country in Pennsylvania, New York
+and the District of Columbia. Never before had there been such a fall of
+rain in that region within the memory of the oldest inhabitant. The
+waters in the river and creeks of that beautiful valley rose rapidly and
+overflowed their banks, while the people looked on in wonder, but
+seemingly not in fear. Suddenly there appeared to their wondering gaze a
+great bay horse galloping at break-neck speed and bearing a rider who
+waved his hands to them and cried: "South Fork dam will burst. To the
+hills for your lives." Only a few heeded his words of warning, while
+many mocked and jeered. On dashed the rider to warn still others of the
+impending danger, and, alas, to be himself and horse dashed to death by
+the massive timbers of a falling bridge. South Fork dam did break, and
+the mighty waters of Conemaugh Lake were hurled with resistless force
+upon the doomed people of that beautiful valley. The terrible details of
+the appalling disaster would fill several volumes larger than this. On
+rushed the mighty waters, sweeping onward in their flood dwellings,
+churches and buildings of every description, whether of wood, brick or
+stone, until Johnstown was reached and destroyed. The town was literally
+lifted from its foundations. Thousands of men, women and children were
+caught up and swirled away in the pitiless flood, and their agonizing
+but vain appeals for help could be heard amidst the mighty roar of the
+waters. Many acts of heroism were performed by brave men and women--yes,
+and boys--in rescuing victims of the flood. Only one of them concerns us
+here. Charles Hepenthal, a schoolboy, seventeen years of age, who was on
+his way to Bellefonte from his home at East Liberty, Pa., on the evening
+of the flood, stood quietly among the passengers on the express train,
+as they crowded to view the terrible havoc done by the flood. As the
+flood reached the train, at Sang Hollow, a small frame house came
+pitching down the mad tide, an eddy floated it in, near to the train, so
+close that the wailing cries of an infant were heard, piercing their way
+through the roar. Charles Hepenthal's heart was touched and his courage
+was equal to the emergency. He determined to rescue that little wailing
+waif from a watery grave. Strong men urged him to desist, insisting that
+he would only sacrifice his own life for nothing--that it was impossible
+for any one to survive in the surging waters. But the boy was resolved.
+He cut the bell cord from the cars, tied it fast to his body, and out
+into the whirling gulf he went; he gained the house, secured the infant
+and returned through the maddened waters with the rescued babe in his
+arms. A shout went up from the passengers on the train. "Wait!" he
+cried; "there is still another in the house, I must save her!" and,
+seizing a plank to use as a support, he plunged again into the surging
+waters. Ah! his struggle this time was harder, for his precious load was
+heavy. In the floating house on his first visit he found a little girl,
+apparently ten years old, disrobed and kneeling beside her bed, on which
+lay the screaming infant, praying to her Father in heaven to save her
+and her baby brother from the fury of the flood. "God has heard my
+prayer," she cried, as Charles entered the door. "Oh, save the baby,
+quick," and then fainted away on the floor. When Charles had landed the
+babe in safety and returned again for the girl, he found her still
+unconscious on the floor, and the water was fast flowing in at the door.
+In another minute she would have been drowned. But the brave boy's manly
+arms were soon around her, and with his precious load the young hero
+fought his way back to land and was given three times three cheers and a
+"tiger" by the passengers of the day express.
+
+
+
+
+A CAT'S EXTRAORDINARY LEAP.
+
+
+In the latter part of 1880, at a time when the Washington monument had
+reached a height of 160 feet, an adventurous and patriotic cat ascended
+the interior of the shaft by means of the ropes and tubing. When the
+workmen arrived at the upper landing the next morning, and began to
+prepare for the day's work, pussy took fright and, springing to the
+outer edge, took a "header" of 160 feet to the hard earth below. In the
+descent which was watched closely by two score of men, the cat spread
+herself out like a flying squirrel and alighted on all fours. After
+turning over on the ground a few times in a dazed manner, she prepared
+to leave the grounds and had gotten almost beyond the shadow of the
+monument, when a dog belonging to one of the workmen pounced upon her
+and killed her, she, of course, not being in her best running trim,
+after performing such an extraordinary feat. One of the men procured the
+body of the dead feline, smoothed out her silky coat, and turned the
+remains over to a representative of the Smithsonian Institution, who
+mounted the skin and placed it under a glass case. The label on the case
+tells this wonderful story in a few words: "This cat on September 23,
+1880, jumped from the top of Washington's monument and lived."
+
+[Illustration: Queen Boadicea]
+
+
+
+
+=A Brave Queen=
+
+
+Long ago, when this country was a wild land, there lived a beautiful and
+brave queen named Boadicea.
+
+Her husband, the king, was dead, but she had two daughters whom she
+loved very much.
+
+Boadicea was queen of a part of Britain. There were no large towns in
+her land, but there were forests of fine trees, and fields of corn, and
+wide stretches of grass-land where many cattle and sheep roamed and fed.
+
+Her people were called Iceni. They were tall and strong, with blue eyes
+and yellow hair. The men were brave fighters and good hunters. They
+hunted the bears and wolves which lived in the forests, and they fought
+the foes of their beautiful queen.
+
+They made spears to fight with, and strange carts called war-chariots to
+fight in. These chariots were drawn by swift horses, and, upon the
+wheels, long sharp knives were fixed. The Iceni drove the chariots very
+fast among their foes, and the knives cut down and killed many of them.
+
+The Romans from over the sea were the most dangerous enemies of Boadicea
+and her people.
+
+In those days the Romans were the best fighters, and the strongest and
+wisest people in the world. They came in ships to Britain. They had been
+told that it was a good country, and they hoped to take it for
+themselves. Some of them came to Boadicea's land, and took a part of it
+and of her riches. And when she tried to stop them from doing this, they
+seized her and the two princesses and beat them cruelly.
+
+This wicked act made the Iceni very angry. From all parts of the land,
+fierce fighting-men came marching in haste to avenge themselves on their
+enemies, bringing with them their spears and their war-chariots. When
+all were gathered together, they fell upon the Romans.
+
+There were so many of them, and they were so fierce, that the Romans
+could not stand against them. Thousands were killed, and the rest ran
+away to their ships.
+
+But there were many more Romans in other parts of Britain, and when
+these heard how their friends had been beaten, they came marching in
+haste to punish the Iceni.
+
+The Iceni did their best to get ready to defend themselves, but many of
+their brave men had been slain and others were wounded and weary, so
+they could not hope again to win a victory over their strong foes.
+Before the battle, Queen Boadicea, with her fair hair waving in the
+wind, stood before her soldiers and spoke to them. She told them of the
+wrong which the Romans had done, and begged them to fight bravely for
+their country. Then she got into her chariot, and with her daughters
+lying at her feet, drove to and fro, so that all might see them.
+
+And the soldiers shouted, and promised to fight to the end for their
+brave queen.
+
+They did fight long and bravely, until most of them were killed, but
+their foes were too strong for them. When Queen Boadicea saw that her
+brave soldiers were beaten, she drank some poison which killed her. She
+thought it better to die than to be again taken prisoner by the cruel
+Romans.
+
+[Illustration: QUEEN BOADICEA AND HER SOLDIERS]
+
+
+
+
+=King Alfred and the Cakes=
+
+
+Once, when good King Alfred of England was forced to flee from his
+strong foes the Danes, he hid himself in a wood. In this wood, there was
+a small cottage, and Alfred asked the woman who lived there if he might
+go in and rest.
+
+Now the woman did not know the king, but she saw that he was an English
+soldier, and that he was very tired, so she let him come in and sit in
+her kitchen.
+
+Upon the hearth before the fire, some cakes were baking, and the woman
+told the stranger that if he watched them, and took care that they did
+not burn, she would give him some supper. Then she went away to do her
+work.
+
+At first, King Alfred watched the cakes carefully; when they were well
+cooked on one side he turned the other to the fire. But, after a time,
+he began to think of his country, and of his poor people, and then he
+forgot his task.
+
+When the woman came back, the cakes were black and burnt. "You are an
+idle fellow," cried she angrily. "You would be quite ready to eat the
+cakes, but you will not take the trouble to watch them."
+
+While she was loudly scolding, her husband came home. He knew King
+Alfred. "Hush, wife!" cried he. "It is our noble lord the king!"
+
+When the woman heard this, she was much afraid, and she begged Alfred to
+forgive her.
+
+The king smiled, and said: "I will gladly forgive you for your scolding,
+good wife, if you will forgive me for spoiling your supper."
+
+[Illustration: KING ALFRED FORGETS THE CAKES]
+
+
+
+
+=Not Angles, but Angels=
+
+
+In old days the people of England were not all free, as they are now.
+Sometimes young men, and women, and little children were sold as slaves,
+and had to work hard for their masters.
+
+Many of these slaves were sent to Rome, for the Romans thought the tall,
+fair Angles very beautiful, and liked to have them as their servants.
+
+Once, a wise and good preacher, named Gregory, was walking through the
+market-place in Rome, when he saw a group of slaves standing there,
+waiting to be bought. Among these slaves were some pretty boys with long
+yellow hair, and blue eyes, and white skin. This was a strange sight to
+Gregory, for most of the people in his land had dark hair, and brown
+skin.
+
+"Who are these boys?" asked he of a man who was standing by.
+
+"They are Angles from over the sea," replied the man.
+
+"Surely not Angles, but Angels," said the preacher, looking kindly into
+the boys' faces. "Do they come from England?"
+
+"From heathen England, where men do not know the true God," said the
+man.
+
+"Some day they shall be taught to know God, and then indeed they shall
+be angels," said Gregory.
+
+Now Gregory did not go away and forget this. When he became a great man
+and Bishop of Rome, he sent a good preacher, named Augustine, to
+England, to preach to the people there, and to teach them to be
+Christians.
+
+[Illustration: THE ENGLISH PRISONERS AT ROME]
+
+
+
+
+=Hereward the Wake=
+
+
+When William of Normandy came over the sea, and took the crown of
+England, many English people would not call him king. The young lord
+Hereward was one of these. He and his men made for themselves a "Camp of
+Refuge" among the reeds and rushes on the marshes. All day they lay
+there, hidden from view by the mists which rose from the watery ground,
+and at night they came out, and attacked the Normans in their tents, and
+burned their towns.
+
+Hereward was called "the Wake" because he was so watchful and wide-awake
+that the Normans could not catch him. They were always trying to find
+him, but they did not know the safe paths over the marshes which he and
+his men used, and when they tried to cross, they sank with their horses
+in the soft muddy ground, and had to turn back.
+
+But at last a false friend of the English showed them the way to the
+"Camp of Refuge", and then Hereward had to flee to save his life. He
+went with a few friends to the sea-shore, and there he found some
+fishermen who were going to sell fish to the Norman guards in an English
+town.
+
+The fishermen took Hereward and his men into their boats, and covered
+them with straw; then they set sail. The Norman guards bought the fish
+as usual, and had it served for dinner. While they were eating it, the
+English soldiers came quietly from the boats, and killed most of them
+before they could get their swords to defend themselves. When the
+English people in the place saw this, they gladly joined Hereward and
+made him master of their town.
+
+[Illustration: HEREWARD AND HIS MEN ATTACK THE NORMANS]
+
+
+
+
+=Canute=
+
+
+There was once a king of England, named Canute, who was a brave and
+clever man. But he had many lords in his court who were very foolish.
+They feared their master, and wished to please him, and because they
+knew that he was somewhat vain of his strength and cleverness, they
+thought he would like to be told that he was great, and wise, and
+powerful.
+
+So they praised him every day, and told him that all he did and all he
+said was good. They said he was the greatest king on earth, and there
+was nothing in the world too hard for him to do if he chose. At last
+King Canute tired of their vain words.
+
+One day, as he walked with his lords on the sea-shore, one of them told
+him that even the waves would obey him.
+
+"Bring a chair," said Canute, "and place it close to the water."
+
+The chair was brought, and set upon the sand, and the king sat down and
+spoke to the waves.
+
+"I command you to come no farther," cried he.
+
+But the waves came on and on, until they wetted Canute's feet, and
+splashed his chair.
+
+Then the king rose and went to his lords, who were standing a little way
+off, staring at their master, and talking in low tones about his strange
+conduct.
+
+"Learn from this to keep your tongues from idle praise," said he
+sternly. "No king is great and powerful but God. He only can say to the
+sea: 'Thus far shalt thou come, and no farther.'"
+
+[Illustration: CANUTE ORDERS THE TIDE TO STOP]
+
+
+
+
+=The Brave Men of Calais=
+
+
+Many years ago, King Edward III of England took the town of Calais from
+the French king. He could not take it by force, for the walls were very
+strong, but he succeeded by another plan. He placed his soldiers all
+round the walls, and would let no one go into the town to take food to
+the people. Inside the walls, the people waited bravely, but at last all
+their food was eaten, and then they knew that if they tried to hold the
+town any longer they would starve.
+
+So the governor sent word to King Edward that he would give up the city,
+and begged him to have mercy on the people.
+
+But Edward was angry. "Tell your masters," said he to the messenger,
+"that I will not spare the people unless six of the chief men come out
+to me, with their feet bare, and ropes around their necks."
+
+At this sad news, the poor starving people cried aloud. But soon six
+brave men were found who were ready to die for their countrymen, and,
+with their feet bare and ropes around their necks, they went out to the
+place where King Edward was waiting, with Queen Philippa and the English
+nobles.
+
+"Great king!" said the men, "we bring you the keys of our town, and we
+pray you to have mercy on us."
+
+But the king would not listen. "Take them away and cut off their heads,"
+he cried angrily. And when his nobles begged him to spare such brave
+enemies he would not listen to them.
+
+[Illustration: QUEEN PHILIPPA PLEADS FOR THE MEN OF CALAIS]
+
+Then Queen Philippa, whose heart was filled with pity for the poor men,
+fell upon her knees.
+
+"My lord," she cried, "if you love me, give me the lives of these men."
+
+King Edward could not bear to see his beautiful queen in tears upon the
+ground, so he raised her, saying: "Lady, I wish you had not been here,
+for I cannot say you nay. Take the men, they are yours."
+
+Then Queen Philippa joyfully led the brave men away, and gave them food
+and clothes, and sent them back to their friends. So they, and all the
+people of Calais, were saved.
+
+[Illustration: THE MEN OF CALAIS ARE SPARED deg.]
+
+[Illustration: WAT TYLER deg.]
+
+
+
+
+=Wat Tyler=
+
+
+In our days, all people in our land, except prisoners, are free to go
+where they will, and to do what work they please. In olden times it was
+not so. Then, the poorer people were treated like slaves by the nobles;
+they had to work hard for their masters, and they were not allowed to
+move from one place to another without asking leave.
+
+This was hard, and it made the people very angry. In the days of the
+boy-king Richard II, a great many workmen made up their minds to obey
+the nobles no longer. They banded themselves together in a large army,
+chose a man named Wat Tyler for their leader, and marched to London.
+
+The Mayor of London tried to stop them, by pulling up the drawbridge
+which crossed the river Thames, but they forced him by threats to let it
+down again. Then they rushed through the streets of London, frightening
+all the people they met by their wild looks and cries. They broke open
+the prisons, and set the prisoners free, and burned the palaces of the
+nobles, but they killed no man and robbed none.
+
+The nobles were much alarmed. With young King Richard at their head,
+they rode out to meet this army, and to ask the people what they wanted.
+
+"We want to be free, and we want our children to be free after us," said
+Wat Tyler.
+
+"I promise you that you shall have your wish, if you will return quietly
+to your homes," said the king.
+
+At this, the people shouted with joy, and all might have been well; but
+the mayor, seeing Wat Tyler raise his hand, and fearing that he was
+going to strike the king, drew his sword, and killed the leader of the
+people.
+
+Then the joyful shouts changed to cries and growls of anger. Arms were
+raised, and the crowd began to press forward. In a minute the little
+band of nobles would have been attacked, but the boy-king saw the
+danger. Boldly riding to meet the angry people, he put himself at their
+head. "What need ye, my masters?" cried he. "I am your captain and your
+king. Follow me."
+
+The crowd stopped, surprised by this bold act; the loud cries ceased,
+and swords and staves were lowered. These rough men did not wish to harm
+their young sovereign, but to free him from the nobles who gave him evil
+counsel. They were greatly pleased to find him upon their side, and,
+with perfect trust and loyalty, they followed where he led; and so for a
+time the danger was past.
+
+[Illustration: YOUNG KING RICHARD QUELLS THE REBELLION]
+
+
+
+
+=Bruce and the Spider=
+
+
+Robert Bruce, King of Scotland, sad and weary, lay upon the floor of a
+lonely cave among the hills. His mind was full of anxious thoughts, for
+he was hiding from the English soldiers, who sought to take him--alive
+or dead--to their king. The brave Scots had lost many battles, and Bruce
+began to fear that he would never make his dear country free.
+
+"I will give up trying," said he.
+
+Just then a spider, hanging from the roof of the cave, by a long thread,
+swung before the king's eyes, and he left his gloomy thoughts to see
+what the little creature would do.
+
+The spider began to climb its thread slowly, pulling itself up little by
+little; but it had gone only a short way, when it slipped and fell to
+the end once more.
+
+Again and again it started to climb, and again and again it slipped
+back, until it had fallen six times.
+
+"Surely the silly little creature will now give up trying to climb so
+fine a thread," thought Bruce. But the spider did no such thing. It
+started on its upward journey yet a seventh time, and this time it did
+not fall. Up it went, inch by inch, higher and higher, until at last it
+reached the roof, and was safely at home.
+
+"Bravo!" cried the king. "The spider has taught me a lesson. I too will
+try until I win."
+
+Bruce kept his word. He led his brave men to battle, again and again,
+until at last the English were driven back to their own land, and
+Scotland was free.
+
+[Illustration: BRUCE WATCHING THE SPIDER]
+
+[Illustration: RICHARD LION HEART FIGHTING IN THE HOLY LAND]
+
+
+
+
+=Richard and Blondel=
+
+
+In a gloomy prison, in a foreign land, lay Richard I, King of England.
+He had been with some other kings to a great war in the Holy Land, where
+he had won battles, and taken cities, and gained much honour. Men called
+him Richard Lion-heart, because he was as brave as a lion in fighting,
+and his soldiers loved him and would follow him into any danger. One
+strong city, called Acre, held out for nearly two years against the
+armies of the other kings, but when Richard arrived it gave way almost
+at once.
+
+Because of his bravery, and his many victories, all men praised King
+Richard, and this made some of the other kings hate him, for they were
+jealous that he should have more honour than they. When he was on his
+way back to England, one of these envious men seized him secretly, and
+threw him into prison.
+
+And now poor Richard could fight no more, nor could he see the blue sky,
+and the green fields which he loved. One day, as he sat sad and lonely
+in his prison, he heard a voice singing, beneath the window. He started.
+"Surely," said he, "that is the voice of my old friend Blondel, and that
+is the song we used to sing together." When the song was ended, the king
+sang it again in a low voice. Then there was a joyful cry from the man
+outside, and Richard knew that it was indeed his friend.
+
+Blondel had journeyed many days seeking his lost master. Now he hastened
+to England, and told the people where to find their king, and very soon
+Richard was set free, and went back to his own land.
+
+[Illustration: BLONDEL SINGS BENEATH RICHARD'S WINDOW]
+
+
+
+
+=The White Ship=
+
+
+The night was dark, and a stormy wind was blowing, when the _White Ship_
+set sail from the shore of France. Prince William of England and his
+sister and their young friends were going back to their own land, after
+a visit to the French king.
+
+The English king, Henry I, with his courtiers, had sailed earlier, and
+had now almost reached home. But the prince would not go with them, he
+wished to make merry before starting.
+
+There had been eating, and drinking, and dancing, and singing on board
+the _White Ship_, and everyone was merry.
+
+But the sailors had drunk so much wine that they could not see to steer
+aright. Soon there was a crash, and the ship trembled. It had struck a
+rock, and was sinking.
+
+Then the sounds of merriment were changed to cries of fear. "Save us!"
+shrieked the terrified people. "Save the prince," cried the captain,
+"the rest of us must die!" There was only one small boat on the ship,
+and Prince William was put into this, and rowed away. But he had not
+gone far, when he heard his sister crying to him to save her.
+
+"Go back!" shouted he. The boat was rowed back, but when it came near
+the ship, so many people jumped into it, that it was overturned and all
+in it were drowned.
+
+Soon the _White Ship_ sank also, and of all the gay company upon it only
+one man was saved.
+
+When King Henry heard that his only son was dead, he was very sorrowful,
+and it is said that no man ever again saw a smile upon his face.
+
+[Illustration: PRINCE WILLIAM RETURNS TO SAVE HIS SISTER]
+
+
+
+
+=Joan of Arc=
+
+
+In a village in the green country of France, there once lived a girl
+named Joan. She spent her days in sewing and spinning, and in minding
+her father's sheep.
+
+At that time there was a sad war in France, and the English had won many
+battles. Joan was grieved to hear of the trouble of her country. She
+thought of it night and day, and one night she dreamt that an angel
+came, and told her to go and help the French prince.
+
+When Joan told her friends of this dream, they laughed at her.
+
+"How can a poor girl help the prince?" asked they.
+
+"I do not know," replied Joan; "but I must go, for God has sent me." So
+she went to the prince, and said: "Sir, my name is Joan. God has sent me
+to help you to win the crown of France."
+
+They gave Joan a suit of white armour, and a white horse, and set her at
+the head of the army. She led the soldiers to fight, and the rough men
+thought she was an angel, and fought so bravely that they won many
+battles.
+
+Then the prince was crowned King of France.
+
+When this was done, Joan felt that her work was over. "I would that I
+might go and keep sheep once more with my sisters and my brothers; they
+would be so glad to see me," pleaded she. But the king would not let her
+go. So Joan stayed; but her time of victory was past. Soon, she was
+taken prisoner by the English, and cruelly burned to death. She died as
+bravely as she had lived, and her name will never be forgotten.
+
+[Illustration: JOAN AT THE HEAD OF THE ARMY]
+
+
+
+
+AFLOAT WITH A TIGER.
+
+
+A traveler in faraway India relates the following thrilling adventure
+with a tiger: From the heavy rain which falls upon Indian mountains the
+low-lying country is liable to such sudden floods that every year many
+beasts, and even human beings, are drowned ere they can make their
+escape to the higher grounds. On one occasion a terrible flood came up
+so suddenly that I had to spend a day and night in an open canoe in
+consequence, during which time I had good opportunities of seeing the
+good and bad effects produced by them. I lived at the time in a mat
+house, situated upon a hill which I supposed was quite above high-water
+mark, but an old Mahometan gentleman having told me that, when he was a
+little boy, he recollected the water once rising higher than the hill, I
+took the precaution of keeping a canoe in a small ditch close at hand.
+
+The rainy season began, and daily the river rose higher. One morning we
+noticed that the mountain tops were covered with heavy banks of dark
+clouds, though no rain fell out on the plain where we were; but we
+noticed many animals, a leopard among others, sneak out of the high
+grass and make for hilly ground. The most curious thing, however, was
+the smart manner in which rats and even grasshoppers came scampering
+away from the threatening danger. These latter came in such crowds
+toward my bungalow that not only the fowls about the premises had a good
+feed on them, but kites and crows began to swoop down in such numbers
+that the air was filled with their cries and the noise of their rushing
+wings.
+
+[Illustration: AFLOAT WITH A TIGER deg.]
+
+While watching the immense destruction of these insects we were
+startled by the outbreak of the thunderstorm high up on the mountains,
+but far above the peals of thunder rose the terrible sound of rushing
+water. Animals now came tearing out of the lowlands too terrified to
+notice whither they went, so that I stood ready, gun in hand, in case
+any of the dangerous kind should try to seek an asylum on my particular
+hill; but with the exception of a huge wild boar, who had to be shot as
+he charged up the slope, all took refuge elsewhere.
+
+Soon the water burst through the river bank, spreading over the country,
+sweeping down the tall grass jungle and surging and roaring round our
+hill. Packing all that was valuable in small parcels, we gathered them
+in a heap, hoping that the flood would subside ere it reached the
+building. All round about large trees, uprooted by the terrible force of
+the deluge, were swept along, several animals vainly trying to keep a
+footing among their roots and branches. At last the water reached the
+steps of the house; so, pulling our boat close up, we stepped in with
+what we could save and hung to the wooden posts of the building, vainly
+trusting that the worst had come; but it was not so, for we soon had to
+leave go the post and pass the boat's rope round a tree. The water then
+rushed in, the house toppled over, and it and its contents were swept
+away by the flood.
+
+In a short time the tree began to shake and bend, so we knew that it was
+being uprooted; therefore, letting go the rope, we launched forth upon
+the seething waste of waters and were whirled away. Onward we rushed
+through masses of logs, branches, the remains of houses, and such like
+wreck, having to be very careful that our frail vessel did not get upset
+or crushed. Twice we made for the tops of hills that showed themselves
+above water, but on approaching them we found that they had been taken
+possession of by wild animals.
+
+Here a tiger crouched on a branch of a tree, seemingly too much alarmed
+at his perilous position to molest the half-dozen deer that crowded
+timidly together right underneath his perch. Up above him the smaller
+branches were stocked with monkeys, who looked very disconsolate at
+their enforced imprisonment. As we swept past, the tiger raised his
+head, gave a deep growl and showed his teeth, then crouched down again
+as if fully aware of his helplessness, and we had too much to think of
+ourselves to interfere with him.
+
+Gaining the open country, the scene was one of desolation; but the
+current was not so strong, so we turned round, seeing the flood was
+going down, and by nightfall we had got back to where the house had
+stood. Every vestige of the once pretty homestead had disappeared, with
+sheep and cattle, though the fowls had managed to find a roost on the
+topmost branches of some orange trees, which alone remained to mark the
+spot.
+
+As the moon rose, the mountaineers came down from the villages, and,
+embarking on rafts and in canoes, went round the different hills,
+shooting and spearing the animals that had swum there; and truly the
+sight of such a hunting scene was an exciting one. Here a stout stag,
+defending himself with his antlers as best he might against the
+spearsmen, kept up a gallant fight till death.
+
+The tiger we had seen in the morning took to swimming, and on being
+wounded with a spear turned on the nearest canoe, upsetting the hunters
+into the water, where a desperate encounter took place; but he was
+eventually dispatched by a blow from an ax--not, however, before he had
+clawed some of his pursuers most severely.
+
+At daylight the water had entirely gone down, and a thick, muddy deposit
+covered all the lowland, while an immense number of snakes, scorpions,
+and other unpleasant creatures lay dead in all directions, upon which
+and the drowned animals vultures, crows and kites were feeding.
+
+
+
+
+=Queen Margaret and the Robbers.=
+
+
+There were once two kings of England at the same time. One was Henry VI.
+He was the rightful king, but a very weak and feeble man, and quite
+unfit to rule his kingdom.
+
+The other was young Edward, Duke of York, called Edward IV. He was made
+king by some of the nobles, who grew weary of Henry and his foolish
+deeds.
+
+A number of the English people were faithful to King Henry, but many
+others went over to King Edward's side, and there were quarrels between
+the two parties, which ended in a war. This war was called the War of
+the Roses, because the followers of Henry wore a red rose as their
+badge, and Edward's friends wore a white one.
+
+In one battle, fought at Hexham, the White Roses beat the Red ones, and
+King Henry was taken prisoner and sent to the Tower of London. His wife,
+Queen Margaret, with her little son, Prince Edward, escaped after the
+battle, and hid themselves in a wild forest. As they wandered among the
+trees, seeking some place where they might be safe from their enemies,
+they met a band of robbers. These rough men took away the queen's money
+and her jewels, tearing her necklace from her neck, and her rings from
+her fingers. Then they began to dispute as to who should have most of
+the stolen goods. And while they quarrelled, Queen Margaret took her
+little boy by the hand and ran away to a thick part of the wood. There
+they stayed until the angry voices of the robbers could no longer be
+heard, and then, in the growing darkness, they came stealthily from
+their hiding-place. They wandered on, knowing not where to go, hoping
+much to meet some of their friends, and fearing still more to be found
+by their enemies, the soldiers of the White Rose. But, alas! they saw no
+kind face, and night came on. Then, as they crept fearfully from tree to
+tree, they met another robber.
+
+[Illustration: THE ROBBERS DISCOVER QUEEN MARGARET AND THE PRINCE]
+
+The poor queen was much afraid that this robber, who looked very fierce,
+would kill her and the prince, because she had no riches left to give
+him. In despair she threw herself upon her knees before him, and said:
+"My friend, this is the son of your king. I give him into your care."
+
+The robber was much surprised to see the queen and the prince alone,
+with their clothes torn and stained, and their faces white from hunger
+and fatigue. But he was a kindhearted man, although his looks were
+rough, and before he became a robber he had been a follower of King
+Henry, so he was quite willing to do his best for the little prince. He
+took the boy in his arms, and led the way to a cave in the forest, where
+he lived with his wife. And in this poor shelter, the queen and her son
+stayed for two days, listening to every sound, and fearing that their
+enemies would find them. On the third day, however, the friendly robber
+met some of the lords of the Red Rose in the forest, and led them to the
+cave. The queen and prince were overjoyed to see their friends, and soon
+they escaped with them to a place of safety.
+
+Their hiding-place has been called "Queen Margaret's Cave" ever since
+that time. If you go to Hexham Forest, you will be able to see it.
+
+[Illustration: The Robber brings help to Queen Margaret]
+
+
+
+
+=William Caxton=
+
+
+In old days, books were not printed as they are now; they were written
+by hand. This took a long time to do, so there were not many books, and
+they were so dear that only the rich could buy them.
+
+But after a time, some clever men made a machine, called a
+printing-press, which could print letters.
+
+About that time, an Englishman, named William Caxton, lived in Holland,
+and copied books for a great lady. He says his hand grew tired with
+writing, and his eyes became dim with much looking on white paper. So he
+learned how to print, and had a printing-press made for himself, which
+he brought to England. He set it up in a little shop in London, and then
+he began to print books. He printed books of all sorts--tales, and
+poetry, and history, and prayers, and sermons. In the time which it had
+formerly taken him to write one book, he could now print thousands.
+
+All sorts of people crowded to his shop to see Caxton's wonderful press;
+sometimes the king went with his nobles. Many of them took written books
+with them, which they wished to have put into print. Some people asked
+Caxton to use in his books the most curious words he could find; others
+wished him to print only old and homely words. Caxton liked best the
+common, simple words which men used daily in their speech.
+
+Caxton did a very good thing when he brought the printing-press to
+England, for, after that, books became much cheaper, so that many people
+could buy them, and learning spread in the land.
+
+[Illustration: CAXTON IN HIS PRINTING SHOP]
+
+
+
+
+=Sir Philip Sidney=
+
+
+When Elizabeth was Queen of England it was a time of great deeds and
+great men. The queen was brave and clever herself, so she liked to have
+brave and clever people around her. Great soldiers, and writers, and
+statesmen went to her court; and when brave seamen came back from their
+voyages to unknown lands far away, they were invited by the queen to
+visit her, and tell her of all the strange places and people they had
+seen. In this Elizabeth was wise, for men did their best to show
+themselves worthy of her favours.
+
+Among all the great men at court, none was more beloved than Sir Philip
+Sidney. He was called "the darling of the court".
+
+[Illustration: SIR PHILIP SIDNEY deg.]
+
+At that time, there was much trouble and many wars in some other
+countries, where people were fighting for the right to worship God in
+their own way. Philip Sidney heard of these things when he was a boy in
+his father's house, and his heart was stirred with pity. Later, when he
+was in France, a great number of people were cruelly killed because they
+would not pray in the way which the king ordered. Sidney never forgot
+the dreadful sights and sounds of that sad time, and when Queen
+Elizabeth sent an army to help the people of Holland, who were fighting
+for their freedom, he asked for leave to go with it. This was granted to
+him, and he was made one of the leaders.
+
+[Illustration: MARTYRED FOR PRAYING deg.]
+
+But alas! he went out to die. In one battle, a small band of the English
+bravely attacked a large army of their enemies. The horse which Sidney
+was riding was killed under him, and as he mounted another, he was shot
+in the leg, and his thigh-bone was broken. The horse took fright and
+galloped away from the fight, but its wounded and bleeding rider held
+to his seat, and when he reached a place of safety was lifted from his
+horse, and gently laid upon the ground. He was faint from loss of blood,
+and in great pain, and his throat was parched with thirst.
+
+"Bring me water," said he to a friend.
+
+This was not easy to do, for there was not a stream near at hand, and in
+order to get to one it would be necessary to pass where the shot from
+the enemy's cannons was falling fast. But his friend was brave and went
+through the danger. Then he found some water, and brought it to him.
+Sidney eagerly held out his hand for the cup, and as he was preparing to
+drink, another poor wounded soldier was carried past. This man was
+dying; he could not speak, but he looked with longing eyes at the water.
+Sir Philip saw the look, and taking the cup from his own lips, passed it
+to the soldier, saying: "Thy need is greater than mine." The poor man
+quenched his thirst, and blessed him as he died.
+
+Sir Philip lived on for a few weeks, growing weaker every day, but he
+never came back to his own land, and the many friends who loved him.
+
+Sidney was great in many ways; very fair to see, very wise and good, and
+very clever and witty. He was one of the bravest fighters, one of the
+finest poets, and one of the best gentlemen who ever lived. He will
+always be remembered for his brave deeds, and his wise sayings, but most
+of all do men bless his name for this act of kindness to his poor dying
+comrade.
+
+[Illustration: SIR PHILIP SIDNEY AND THE DYING SOLDIER]
+
+
+
+
+=The "Revenge"=
+
+
+In the days of Queen Elizabeth, English sailors first began to find
+their way across the seas to new lands, from which they brought home
+many strange, and rich, and beautiful things. The Spaniards sailed
+across the seas too, to fetch gold and silver from the mines in Mexico,
+which belonged to the King of Spain. Sometimes the English ships met the
+Spanish ones, and robbed them of their gold, for it was thought quite
+right and fair in those days to take every chance of doing harm to the
+enemies of England. Of course the Spaniards hated the English for this,
+and whenever they met English ships which were weaker than theirs they
+attacked them, and robbed them, killing the sailors, or taking them
+prisoners.
+
+Once, a small ship, called the _Revenge_, was sailing home to England,
+when it met with fifty great Spanish vessels. The captain of the
+_Revenge_ was Sir Richard Grenville, and he had a great many sick men on
+board. There was no time to escape from the Spanish ships, which soon
+surrounded the little _Revenge_. So there were only two courses which
+Sir Richard could take. One was to give up his ship to the Spaniards;
+the other was to fight with them till his men were all killed, or his
+ship sank.
+
+Some of the sailors wished him to take the first course, but the others,
+and all the sick men, said: "Nay, let us fall into the hands of God, and
+not into the hands of Spain." This they said because they thought it
+better to die, than to be made prisoners by the cruel Spaniards.
+
+Sir Richard made up his mind to fight. It was after noon when the
+firing began, and all night long, until daylight came, the little
+English ship kept the fifty Spanish vessels at bay. Then it was found
+that all the powder was gone, and all the English were dead or dying.
+And then only was the flag of the _Revenge_ pulled down, to show that
+she surrendered to her enemies.
+
+The brave Sir Richard was taken on board a Spanish ship, where he soon
+died of his wounds.
+
+These were his last words: "Here die I, Richard Grenville, with a joyful
+and quiet mind, for I have ended my life as a good soldier ought. I have
+fought for my country and my queen, for honour, and for God."
+
+[Illustration: DEATH OF SIR RICHARD GRENVILLE deg.]
+
+
+
+
+=The Pilgrim Fathers=
+
+
+There was a time when the people of England were not allowed to pray to
+God in the way they thought right, but were punished if they did not
+worship as the king ordered. This was very hard, and when James I was
+king, a little band of brave people, who found that they could not obey
+the king, left their country to make a new home across the sea, where
+they could be free. They are called the "Pilgrim Fathers".
+
+A hundred people--men, women, and children--set sail in a little ship
+called the _Mayflower_ for the new world which a great explorer called
+Columbus had discovered away in the west, and which we now call America.
+They had a long and stormy voyage, but at last, in mid-winter, they
+landed on the shores of North America, and set up their huts.
+
+At first they had much trouble, for the ground was frozen and barren.
+They suffered from hunger and sickness, and the wild Indians who lived
+in that land came down upon them and tried to drive them away. But the
+Pilgrim Fathers did not lose courage. They were free, and they worked
+hard, and waited in patience for brighter days. By and by other ships
+from England brought food to keep them alive, and more people to help
+them. Then they made friends with the Indians, and when spring came they
+planted seeds and grew crops for themselves.
+
+After a time many other Englishmen, who wished to be free, followed the
+Pilgrim Fathers, and settled in America. They founded the colonies of
+New England, which are now a part of the United States.
+
+[Illustration: THE PILGRIM FATHERS ENTERING THE NEW WORLD]
+
+
+
+
+=Guy Fawkes=
+
+
+In the time of James I, many of the English people were very hardly
+treated because of their religion. At last they could bear the ill-usage
+no longer, and they thought of a plan to get rid of the king and queen
+and their eldest son.
+
+Many barrels of gunpowder were secretly put into a cellar under the
+Parliament House, where James was to meet his lords and commons on
+November 5; and a man named Guy Fawkes was hired to set fire to it at
+the right time, and so to blow up the hall above, and all in it.
+
+All was ready, when one of the plotters remembered that a friend of his
+would be at the meeting next day. As he did not wish him to be killed,
+he sent him a letter, without signing his name, saying: "Do not go to
+the House, for there shall be a sudden blow to many, and they shall not
+see who hurts them".
+
+The lord who received this letter took it to the King's Council, and
+when King James saw it, he guessed what the "sudden blow" would be. Men
+were sent to search the cellars, and there, on the very night before the
+deed was to be done, Guy Fawkes was found waiting till the time should
+come to set fire to the powder. He was cruelly tortured to make him tell
+all he knew, but he was a brave man, and he died without betraying his
+friends.
+
+Since that time, every year, on the 5th of November, bonfires have been
+lighted in many places in England, and "guys" burned, to remind people
+how an English king was once saved from a great danger.
+
+[Illustration: THE ARREST OF GUY FAWKES]
+
+
+
+
+=Cromwell and his Ironsides=
+
+
+When Charles I came to the throne of England, it was soon seen that he
+was as bad a king as his father James I had been.
+
+He did not care at all for the good of his country and his people, but
+thought only of his own pleasure. He took away men's money and lands,
+and if they offended him he took their lives too.
+
+Englishmen would not bear this unjust treatment for long, and soon a war
+began between the king and the people, who were determined to be free.
+
+At first the king and his men were victorious everywhere, for they were
+all used to horses and arms, and fought so well and so bravely that the
+people could not stand against them. But at last a great leader arose
+among the people. This leader, who was called Oliver Cromwell, was a
+rough man, but he was just, good, and honest.
+
+He saw at once that the people would never gain the victory over the
+brave gentlemen-soldiers of King Charles, unless they had obedient and
+well-trained men to fight for them. So he chose a band of plain,
+hard-working men who feared God, and loved duty and right, and he spent
+all his money in fitting them with arms and horses, and in training them
+sternly, until they became the finest soldiers the world has ever known.
+Cromwell called his men his "lovely company", and others called them
+"Ironsides", for they were strong and firm as iron, and were never
+beaten. It was these brave, sober, obedient soldiers who at last
+defeated the king's army, and won freedom for the people of England.
+
+[Illustration: CROMWELL LEADS HIS IRONSIDES TO BATTLE]
+
+
+
+
+=The Spanish Armada=
+
+
+The Armada was a great fleet which the King of Spain sent to attack
+England, in the days of Queen Elizabeth. There were more than a hundred
+ships, so large and high that they looked like towers on the sea; and
+they came sailing along arranged in the shape of a big half-moon.
+
+The great English admiral, Sir Francis Drake, was playing at bowls when
+messengers came hurrying to tell him that the Armada was approaching. He
+quietly finished his game, and then set sail to fight the Spaniards. His
+fleet was not so large as the Armada, and the ships were small, but they
+were light and fast. They met the Armada in the English Channel, and
+sailed round it, attacking any ship that dropped out of line, and
+speeding away before the clumsy Spanish vessels could seize them. In
+this way they did much harm to the enemy. Then, one night, when it was
+dark, and the Spanish vessels were lying quietly at anchor, Admiral
+Drake sent eight blazing fire-ships into their midst. In great fear, the
+Spaniards cut their anchor-ropes, and sailed out to the open sea, and
+the English ships followed, firing upon them as they fled. For two days
+the English chased the flying Spaniards. Then their powder and shot
+failed, and a storm arose; so they had to go back. The Armada sailed on,
+hoping to escape, but the wild tempest tossed many of the great vessels
+on the rocks and cliffs of the coast, and dashed them to pieces. Only a
+few, broken and battered, with starving and weary men on board, ever
+reached Spain again. And so England was saved.
+
+[Illustration: DRAKE IS TOLD THAT THE ARMADA IS APPROACHING]
+
+[Illustration: THE LITTLE "REVENGE" FIGHTS FIFTY SPANISH GALLEONS]
+
+
+
+
+=The Defence of Lathom House=
+
+
+Lathom House is an old English castle. When the war broke out between
+King Charles I and his people, the Earl of Derby, who was the master of
+this castle, went away to fight for the king. He left the Countess at
+home with her children, with a small band of armed men to guard her and
+the castle. One day an army of the people's soldiers came to the castle,
+and the leader of the army sent word to the Countess that she must give
+up the castle at once.
+
+But the Countess was a brave woman. She replied that she would rather
+set fire to the castle, and die with her children in the flames, than
+give it up to the king's enemies.
+
+Then began a fight which lasted many weeks. The large army outside the
+walls did their best to break a way in, but the small company inside
+defended the castle bravely. At last the leader of the besiegers brought
+a strong new gun, and it was soon seen that this would break down the
+walls. Then one night the Countess sent out a party of brave men, who
+seized the new gun and brought it into the castle, and so the worst
+danger was over. Soon afterwards Prince Rupert, one of the king's
+generals, came with an army to help the Countess, and Lathom House was
+saved.
+
+The prince drove away the soldiers of the people, and took from them
+twenty-two banners, which he sent as a present to the Countess, to show
+how much he admired her bravery.
+
+[Illustration: THE COUNTESS RECEIVES THE BANNERS]
+
+
+
+
+THE OUTLAWED ARCHERS.
+
+
+Many years ago there dwelt in the forest of Inglewood, in the North
+country, three yeomen, who had been outlawed for killing the king's
+deer. They were all famous archers, and defying every attempt to arrest
+them, they lived a free life in the green wood. But finally growing
+tired of this dangerous life, they went to the king to sue for pardon.
+It happened that the king's archers were exhibiting their skill by
+shooting at marks, which none of them missed. But one of the outlawed
+archers, named Cloudesly, made light of their skill, and told the king
+that he could do better than any of his archers had done. "To prove the
+truth of my claim," he said, "I will take my son, who is only seven
+years old and is dear to me, and I will tie him to a stake, and lay an
+apple on his head, and go six score paces from him, and with a broad
+arrow I will cleave the apple in two."
+
+"Now listen," said the king, "and do as you say; but if you touch his
+head, or his dress, you shall be hanged all three."
+
+"I will not go back on my word," said Cloudesly; and driving a stake
+into the ground, he bound thereto his little son, and placed an apple on
+his head. All being ready he bent his bow, the arrow flew from the
+string, the apple was cleft in twain, and the child was unhurt. The king
+thereupon pardoned the three outlaws and received them into his
+service.
+
+[Illustration: CLOUDSEY SHOOTS AN APPLE FROM THE HEAD OF HIS SON deg.]
+
+
+
+
+=Elizabeth and Raleigh=
+
+
+Sir Walter Raleigh was a favourite courtier of Queen Elizabeth. An old
+story tells us of the way he won her favour.
+
+One day, as the queen and her ladies were out walking, dressed in fine
+robes of silk and lace, they came to a miry puddle in the road. The
+queen stopped in dismay, for she did not like getting her feet wet and
+dirty. As she was thinking how best to step through the mud, a young man
+in a rich suit came along the road.
+
+Directly he saw the queen, young Raleigh, for it was he, sprang forward,
+and, taking off his velvet cloak, spread it over the mud for her to walk
+upon.
+
+Elizabeth was much pleased; she rewarded Raleigh with a post in the
+palace. There, one day, he wrote upon a window which he knew the queen
+would pass: "Fain would I climb, but that I fear to fall". When
+Elizabeth saw this, she added these words: "If thy heart fail thee,
+climb not at all". However, Raleigh did climb very soon to a high place,
+for he was clever and brave as well as polite, and he served the queen
+in many ways.
+
+It is said that his ships first brought potatoes and tobacco to England
+from America, and that he was the first man in this country to smoke.
+One day, a servant brought a jug of ale into the room where Raleigh was
+sitting and smoking. The man was much alarmed to see smoke coming from
+his master's mouth, and he quickly emptied the jug of ale over Raleigh's
+head, to put out the fire which he thought was burning within him.
+
+[Illustration: RALEIGH SPREADS HIS CLOAK BEFORE ELIZABETH]
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's True Stories of Wonderful Deeds, by Anonymous
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TRUE STORIES OF WONDERFUL DEEDS ***
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