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+Project Gutenberg's With a Highland Regiment in Mesopotamia, by Anonymous
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: With a Highland Regiment in Mesopotamia
+       1916--1917
+
+Author: Anonymous
+
+Release Date: July 19, 2007 [EBook #22103]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HIGHLAND REGIMENT IN MESOPOTAMIA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Michael Ciesielski, Christine P. Travers and
+the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's note: Obvious printer's errors have been corrected, all
+other inconsistencies are as in the original. Author's spelling has
+been maintained.]
+
+
+
+
+                         WITH A HIGHLAND
+
+                    REGIMENT IN MESOPOTAMIA
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: General Sir Stanley Maude And His Staff, Baghdad, 1917.
+_Frontispiece._]
+
+
+
+
+                             WITH A
+                        HIGHLAND REGIMENT
+                         IN MESOPOTAMIA
+
+                           1916-1917
+
+                               BY
+                        ONE OF ITS OFFICERS
+
+
+
+
+                             BOMBAY
+                         THE TIMES PRESS
+                              1918
+
+
+
+
+                               TO
+               THE CHILDREN OF THE OFFICERS AND MEN
+                       OF THE ---- REGIMENT
+
+               BRIEFLY DESCRIBING THE DOINGS OF THE
+                   2ND BATTALION IN MESOPOTAMIA
+              WRITTEN SO THAT THEY MAY NOT FORGET THE
+             HARDSHIPS ENDURED AND THE SACRIFICES WHICH
+                  HAVE BEEN MADE ON THEIR BEHALF
+                            1916-1917.
+
+
+
+
+AUTHOR'S NOTE.
+
+
+In writing this short account of the 2nd Battalion in Mesopotamia, my
+aim has not been to write a military history of all that was achieved;
+that will be the task of some one more competent to judge of merits
+and demerits than myself. My object has been to give an account in
+simple language of the two years spent by the Battalion in the Iraq,
+so that the children of the men of the regiment may know of the brave
+deeds and the hardships cheerfully borne on their behalf.
+
+Two articles describing our last two battles are here reprinted with
+the permission of Brigadier-General A. G. Wauchope, from whom I have
+also received many details of our earlier fights, and I am also
+indebted for information to Captains J. Macqueen, W. E. Blair, W. A.
+Young, Sergeant-Major W. S. Clark, and other officers of the
+Battalion.
+
+   MESOPOTAMIA,
+  _October, 1917._
+
+
+
+
+_Telegram from_
+
+HIS MAJESTY THE KING.
+
+Received by Colonel A. G. WAUCHOPE, D.S.O., Commanding, 2nd
+Battalion--January 1917.
+
+
+I thank you, Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers and men, for the card
+of New Year's greetings.
+
+I have followed the work of the Battalion with great interest. I know
+how well all ranks have done, what they have suffered, and that they
+will ever maintain the glorious tradition of the Regiment.
+
+                                        GEORGE, R.I.,
+                                             _Colonel-in-Chief_.
+
+
+
+
+_Order by G. O. C., ---- Division._
+
+I cannot speak too highly of the splendid gallantry of the
+----Highlanders, aided by a party of the ---- Jats, in storming the
+Turkish Trenches.
+
+Their noble achievement is one of the highest.
+
+They showed qualities of endurance and courage under circumstances so
+adverse, as to be almost phenomenal.
+
+                                        SIR GEORGE YOUNGHUSBAND,
+                                            Commanding ---- Division.
+
+After the action fought on the 21st January 1916 on the Tigris the
+above was published.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Letter to O. C. 2nd Battalion ----._
+
+Tell the men of your battalion that they have given, in the advance to
+the relief of Kut, brilliant examples of cool courage, and hard and
+determined fighting which could not be surpassed.
+
+                                        SIR PERCY LAKE,
+                                   Commanding the Army in Mesopotamia.
+_July, 1916._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_General Munro, C.-in-C, Indian Army, addressing the ---- Regiment,
+Tigris Front--October 1916._
+
+Your reputation is well known, I need say nothing more.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+To the ---- Regiment.
+
+_From Sir Stanley Maude, Army Commander--March 1917._
+
+You led the way into Baghdad, and to lead and be first is the proper
+place for your Regiment.
+
+
+
+
+WITH A HIGHLAND REGIMENT IN MESOPOTAMIA.
+
+CHAPTER 1.
+
+
+At the outbreak of war, the 2nd Battalion ---- was stationed at
+Bareilly, having been in India since the end of the South African War.
+Of the fighting in that campaign, the 2nd Battalion had had its full
+share. At first it formed part of General Wauchope's Highland Brigade
+and fought with traditional stubbornness at Magersfontein and
+Paadeburg, and later on identified its name with many of the captures
+and some of the hardest marches of that campaign.
+
+On the mobilisation of the Indian Corps, the 2nd Battalion formed part
+of a Brigade of the ----th Division and landed in France early in
+October 1914, and were in the trenches holding part of the line near
+Festubert before the end of the month. At no time, except in the early
+months of 1916 in Mesopotamia, was the Battalion so severely tried as
+in these first two months in France. The conditions certainly were
+comfortable neither to mind or body. The trenches were knee deep in
+mud and water, and were without dug-outs or shelters; the enemy were
+in great numbers and combined their aggressive tactics with the use of
+trench mortars and grenades, weapons of which we had neither knowledge
+nor training; of rest for man or officer there was little, yet no
+yard of trench entrusted to the Battalion was ever lost either in
+France or Mesopotamia. With the spring came better times, and at Neuve
+Chappelle a fine victory was won at small cost, but on the 9th of May
+the Battalion suffered heavily in making an attack from the Orchard in
+front of the Rue-de-Bois. Often and with pleasure have we in the Iraq
+looked back on that summer spent in Picardy. Scouts and snipers,
+machine gunners and bombers, we all have different memories of those
+stirring days as the battalion moved from month to month along the
+trenches from Givenchy Hill to Northward of Laventie; and of the days
+of rest in billets behind Bethune, Richebourg and the Rue de Paradis;
+memories of close comradeship, of well-loved friends, of most noble
+deeds and of lives freely given for King and Country. But the day we
+recall now and shall ever recall as the red letter day of the year is
+the 21st of September. Five battalions of the Regiment joined that day
+in the battle of Loos, and though separated in the line, at one in
+spirit, all five battalions swept forward regardless of loss, driving
+the enemy from their trenches, captured line after line of the
+position and penetrated deep into the German defences.
+
+The 2nd and 4th Battalions had attacked together from Fauguissart and,
+in reaching the Moulin de Pictre, an advance of two miles made with
+little support on either left flank or right, the losses had been so
+severe that the two battalions were afterwards amalgamated into one
+under the command of Colonel Wauchope. These two battalions, in
+conjunction with another Highland Regiment under Colonel Thompson,
+despite several attacks and four mines being blown up within our
+first line, held Givenchy Hill throughout October. Then, when the
+Germans quieted down in this neighbourhood, we returned to our old
+line near the Rue de Bois. There rumour had it that the Indian Corps
+was soon to be sent to Mesopotamia. Some welcomed the idea of change,
+no one looked forward to another four months of the mud of Flanders.
+Almost everyone who did not know imagined that they would be giving up
+every discomfort which the winter brought for a pic-nic in the East,
+and a quick, successful and enjoyable march to Baghdad, and so when
+the rumours were confirmed, the whole battalion was in great spirits.
+Some obtained short leave to say 'Good-Bye' to their friends across
+the channel before leaving for the East, where there would be no short
+visits home, no getting letters and parcels daily, but the Regiment
+had gained great honour beneath foreign skies, so probably it was
+going to add to them even if it was only establishing marching records
+along the Tigris to their goal at Baghdad. Besides, was not Townshend
+and his gallant force in danger in Kut? And the idea of forming part
+of the relieving column appealed to every man.
+
+So at the end of November the Regiment entrained behind that long
+Western Front where they had fought for so many months against such
+terrific odds, and where so many gallant comrades lay buried, and
+everyone was happy, and no one thought that within a few short weeks
+the battalion would practically cease to exist. Before they arrived in
+France, many had never left the shores of Great Britain, and now they
+were embarking on an Expedition that would reveal to them some of the
+wonders of the East. Is it any wonder, under those circumstances, that
+no one was downhearted?
+
+The train journey through the heart of France from the mud of the
+trenches, leaving the cold and cheerless days behind for the sunny
+south was full of interest, and of looking forward to what was in
+store. Marseilles, that busy Mediterranean Port which has seen such
+wonderful scenes of troops arriving from all parts of the world, and
+of all colours, naturally turned out to see the Regiment it had
+welcomed to defend its Frontiers a year before, and which was now
+en-route to defend and fight for the honour of the Allied cause three
+thousand miles away. And so on December the 6th, it was 'Good-Bye' to
+the pleasant land of France, and the Regiment embarked on the
+Transport nine hundred and fifty strong. Having suffered heavy
+casualties on the Western Front, few of the original number left
+France, bound for Basrah _via_ the Suez Canal.
+
+Before leaving, in appreciation of the stubborn fighting in the battle
+of Loos by the 2nd Battalion, the Cross of the Legion of Honour was
+conferred on the Commanding Officer, Colonel A. G. Wauchope, D.S.O.
+Never was an honour more richly deserved, never was the conferring of
+one more popular. No one who has not served in the Regiment can
+possibly be aware of what the Colonel has done to make his Battalion
+one of the most efficient in Mesopotamia. I was very interested in
+listening to a story told me by a brother officer who was standing
+alone in a traverse of a trench. Two Staff Officers were talking in
+the next traverse and he heard one remark: "Of course, out here at the
+present the Regiment is Wauchope, and Wauchope is the Regiment." It is
+a name most closely connected with the fortunes of the ---- Regiment.
+
+[Illustration: At The Base. Scene on a creek below Basrah.]
+
+[Illustration: Colonel A. G. WAUCHOPE, C.M.G., D.S.O., Commanding The
+2nd Battalion ----.]
+
+The journey was a pleasant one; the wonderful change from the damp
+depressing dug-out to a comfortable cabin was appreciated by the
+officers, and a dry and comfortable place to sleep in, instead of
+trying to sleep in the mud of a fire trench was welcomed by the men.
+
+The usual stay at Port Said after successfully evading the submarines,
+where the wily Arab fleeces the unsuspecting Tommy, was not without
+interest. The Padre tells an interesting story about how, when he was
+returning from home leave to the Regiment in India in 1913, he had his
+fortune told by one of the many fantastic liars that fatten on the
+stories they weave in this Eastern cesspool. The Fortune-teller told
+him that within a year he would be returning to Europe by the same
+canal. In those piping days of peace he never suspected that it would
+be with the regiment on Active Service but when almost to the day and
+within the year, he passed through Port Said on his way to France,
+this one saying at least of the Fortune-teller was forcibly brought
+home to his mind.
+
+Egypt in December is delightful, and more than one expressed the wish
+that for a time at all events they could be stationed in this most
+wonderful country. The Canal displayed enormous activity, there had
+been no such activity since the days when it was made. Thousands of
+Arabs and others toiled and died in making this great work. To-day the
+Canal is guarded by thousands of troops. Enormous camps have been
+established at different places, and Posts are in existence all along
+the waterway. It being so narrow, 3-worded conversations take place
+between the troops on the banks and the men on the Trooper. 'Who are
+you?' asked the men on the bank. When the reply is returned, shouts
+of 'Good Old Scotland' are raised ashore. Some asked, 'Where are you
+going!' 'Mesop' they say. 'Poor Devils', is the encouraging reply.
+Then some lonely soul asks if any of his Regiment are on board, and so
+it goes on all day. Some swim out from the shore and shout and talk,
+but one is chiefly impressed by the great number of men guarding this
+important waterway.
+
+[Illustration: Scenes On The Creeks Below Basrah.]
+
+[Illustration: G. J. ANDERSON. H. W. BRUCE, CAPT. A. M. GRIEVE, S. F.
+G. ALEXANDER, D. H. ANDERSON.]
+
+[Illustration: C. J. McCONAGHY.]
+
+[Illustration: C. J. McCONAGHY, Capt. A. M. GRIEVE, S. F. G.
+ALEXANDER, H. W. BRUCE.]
+
+At Suez a short stay is made. The water is a wonderful opal colour;
+the great Desert on our left, the barren rocks, sunburnt and bare on
+our right, help to make a fascinating picture. One remembers the first
+time one had passed through the Canal, years before in time of peace,
+and how one had been filled with admiration for the Medical Officer
+who came out to the Mail Boat to give it a clean bill of health to
+pass through the Canal, because she was a woman, and standing month
+after month of Suez summer weather, which proves too much for many
+men, leave alone women. But the stay is short and so as the Sun sets,
+making wonderful colouring over the Desert and sea, the journey down
+the Red Sea is commenced. The Red Sea in December is shorn of its
+terrors and can be quite enjoyable. Aden is passed, two or three days
+steaming along the inhospitable coast of Southern Arabia and the
+entrance of the Persian Gulf is reached. The Straits of Ormuz have the
+reputation of being one of the hottest places on earth. The rocky, and
+wild Arabian coast looks very beautiful in the sunshine with its
+innumerable islands, and the sea is a dead calm. For some hours the
+shores on our left are visible, then we steam, up along the Persian
+shore and get a good view of the barren, rocky mountain range
+running parallel with the coast. Those who have good glasses make out
+villages on the shore. The Captain is pestered with questions about
+the date and time of arrival at Basrah. Excitement is being felt
+again; one wonders what the news will be, and what has happened to
+General Townshend; and so at last anchor is dropped at the mouth of
+the Shatt-el-Arab at the head of the Persian Gulf. The two rivers
+Tigris and Euphrates join at a place called Kurnah, and from there to
+the sea the river is called 'Shatt-el-Arab.' Everyone is disappointed
+that there are no signs of land anywhere, and one wonders in which
+direction land lies. But what a relief it will be to get off the ship,
+how delightful to stretch one's legs ashore, as in spite of the good
+food, the sports and the usual joys of a trooper, it is impossible not
+to feel cramped and so once again everyone was rejoicing that the sea
+voyage was at an end. The shore is so low-lying that nothing could be
+seen of it as the transport had to anchor some miles off the mouth of
+the river. We had to transship to smaller boats to proceed to Basrah,
+about eighty miles inland. Transshipping is a long and tedious
+business but at last it is completed and we say farewell with a cheer
+to our transport, and the smaller boat steams towards the shore. In
+about half an hour we make out some palm trees and everyone is on the
+lookout for their first view of Mesopotamia. Slowly we approach the
+wide mouth of the river, successfully pass over the bar, and the new
+campaign for us has begun, and it is the last day of the year--31st
+December 1915.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+
+It takes about seven hours from the mouth of the river to Basrah. The
+journey up is of interest as none have been here before, and
+everything is new. Both sides of the river the banks are covered with
+palm trees, stretching inland for distances varying from 500 yards to
+three miles, and after that all is desert. We pass Abadan on our right
+where the pipes of the oil fields belonging to the Anglo-Persian Oil
+Coy. reach the river from Ahwaz. It has been said that the
+Mesopotamian Campaign was started in the first place to protect these
+oil-fields. One wonders now if it would have been advisable to protect
+them and hold Basrah only, and not push forward further inland. But it
+is easy to be wise after the event, and high politics, tactics and
+strategy do not form part of an account of the doings of the 2nd
+Battalion--so I must not be led astray. The river is very broad and is
+navigable for hundreds of miles. Mohammerah, the Persian town at the
+junction of the Shatt-el-Arab and Karun rivers, looked an interesting
+place. It is; as many months later I was fortunate enough to be able
+to spend some time there. The Sheikh of Mohammerah has proved a good
+friend to the British, and almost opposite his palace one can see the
+remains of the three steamers in the river which the Turks sunk in a
+vain endeavour to block the passage as they retreated; as good fortune
+or Providence would have it, one boat in sinking swung round and left
+the passage open. At Mohammerah is a big Convalescent Hospital
+for white as well as Indian troops. We noticed some large barrack
+looking houses on our left, one in particular, 'Beit Naama',
+attracting attention; but more about that later on as this
+establishment has now been turned into an hospital for officers. And
+so at last anchor is dropped off Basrah, as 'Ashar' is usually
+referred to as 'Basrah' by everyone out of the actual place. Was this
+the romantic spot from which Sinbad the Sailor started on his
+wonderful voyages?--was this the spot that so many have imagined must
+be one of the wonderful places of the East?--when they are thousands
+of miles away from it. A famous traveller has said, "that its European
+inhabitants only remain alive during the day through a perception of
+the humour of their situation, and by night through the agency of the
+prayers of their despairing relatives." For Basrah has the most
+malarial air, the most choleraic water, and the most infernal climate
+of any spot in the world outside 'Tophet.'
+
+[Illustration: The Padre.]
+
+[Illustration: The Quarter-master.]
+
+[Illustration: Everyday Scenes In Ashar.]
+
+[Illustration: Ashar Barracks.]
+
+[Illustration: Street Scenes In Ashar.]
+
+One Company of the Regiment had travelled out on a different
+transport--with another Highland unit and arrived a day or so in
+advance and were awaiting the arrival of the main body at Basrah. They
+were very interested in the place and were full of their adventures
+and of rumours. One thing was evident, one thing alone mattered,
+troops were needed, urgently needed, at the front; and we were at once
+ordered to proceed up river. The Regiment transshipped in midstream,
+not even having time to land, and were taken up by two river boats,
+with barges attached on either side.
+
+Not a man who made that journey and is still alive will ever forget
+the "P-7" or the "Salimi." The time since leaving France had not been
+wasted; everything that could possibly be done to keep the men fit and
+their minds active was done. Physical drill every morning, sports were
+got up, concerts,--the Colonel himself taking a big interest and share
+in everything that tended to the comfort of his men. At the best of
+times, life on a Troopship is a cramped existence, but in comparison
+to the up river voyages, it is a life of luxury. The world has been
+scoured for river boats for this campaign; steamers from the Nile, the
+Irrawady and the Thames are doing excellent work in carrying troops
+and supplies to the fighting line. Part of the river is so narrow that
+it is dangerous for paddle boats to attempt the journey without
+lighters attached as bumping into the sides of the bank the paddle
+boxes would be smashed. The trip up the river in January is by no
+means a pleasure one. It is not now! and it was much less so in
+January 1916. The nights are cold and in the early morning the river
+is lost in mist. At nights it is usually necessary to tie up at the
+side of the bank or to anchor in midstream. Only on bright moonlight
+nights, and not always then, can progress be made. The flood season on
+the Tigris is at its height about May and continues so till about the
+end of June. The river gradually falls in July and August and is at
+its lowest level during the months of September, October and November.
+It rises during the rains in December and January, sometimes as much
+as four or five feet, and this keeps the river fairly high during the
+following two months. In April the river rises still higher owing to
+the melting of the snow on the mountains in the north. These are
+the normal changes that come as regularly as winter follows autumn.
+There may be slight variations such as more rain one winter season
+than another, for instance, January 1916 was far wetter than January
+1917. There are occasional high floods owing to the rain, and in
+January 1896 the river rose eight feet in one night at Baghdad.
+
+[Illustration: Capt. MACQUEEN, R.A.M.C., On His Way To Europe.]
+
+[Illustration: Entrance To Ashar Barracks.]
+
+[Illustration: Basrah Barracks.]
+
+[Illustration: Arabs Enjoy An Al Fresco Meal Of Dates.]
+
+[Illustration: The Sheik Of Zobeir And His Son.]
+
+[Illustration: Arab Bazaar.]
+
+The men crowded on to the barges attached to the side of the paddle
+boats and of course everything was of interest, everything was new in
+this, the oldest country in the world. Because Kurnah at the junction
+of the Tigris and the Euphrates has the reputation of being the site
+of the Garden of Eden, many and various are the jokes which have been
+made against this most unfortunate of places by members of the
+Expeditionary Force, but all amount to the one thing--that Adam and
+Eve had very little to lose in being driven out, if it is unchanged
+since those days.
+
+The belt of Palm trees which so attracted our attention along the
+banks from the mouth of the Gulf to Basrah still continues, but they
+are thinning down very considerably and by the time Kurnah is reached
+the belt has no depth at all. There is no question of a halt, no
+question of a rest, "Push On" is the order of the day. It may seem
+somewhat absurd now, but it brings home to one the eagerness of all to
+share in the relief of Kut, that the first thing the Colonel did on
+landing at Basra was to wire to the Corps Commander at the front
+asking him to arrange for the Battalion to follow up the Relieving
+Column if it had passed Ali Garbi before the Regiment arrived.
+Regardless of risk, regardless of orders, urged on by the Colonel, the
+two steamers bearing the battalion pushed forward by night as by day
+for fear of not overtaking the Relieving Column. The winding of the
+river seemed interminable to those eager to be at the front, and there
+is little to relieve the monotony of the flat plain, save the
+colouring at dawn and dusk, and the appearance of a few mahelas
+floating down stream with their broad sails outspread to catch the
+north-west wind.
+
+At Kurnah the Palm belt ceases and only at odd places and around
+villages are trees again to be seen. One cannot fail to be struck with
+the enormous possibilities the country offers for cultivation if only
+properly irrigated. Thousands and thousands of acres of the best of
+soil, and everywhere as flat as Salisbury Plain.
+
+We now begin to see small Arab villages along the banks of the river;
+they look dirty and dilapidated. The Arabs look filthy, but some have
+very pleasant faces, and both men and women impress one with their
+strength. This campaign is of course not only an eye-opener to them
+but also a God-send. They beg and steal on every possible occasion and
+on going through the narrows a lot of amusement is obtained in
+bargaining with them. The troops crowd on to the barges, as they bump
+along the sides of the river banks which are only two or three feet
+higher than the barge, and buy from the Arab women and children
+running along the banks selling eggs and fowls; as the demand has
+risen the prices have also advanced, and whereas at the opening of the
+campaign one could buy a dozen eggs for fourpence, by January 1917, I
+have seen officers pay twopence each or more. It is scarcely safe to
+jump ashore, as any moment the boat may launch out again into the
+middle of the stream, but when tied up by the bank waiting for
+another boat to pass brisk business can be carried on. The boats going
+up usually give way to those coming down, as the ones coming down may
+have wounded and sick, and all must be done to get them down to
+hospital as soon as possible, and so the time passes. At one end of
+the Narrows is Ezra's Tomb, a building surmounted by a blue tiled
+dome, which is evidently of no very ancient origin. We were informed
+that the edifice had been erected in memory of Ezra by a wealthy Jew,
+and that the place had become a sort of place of pilgrimage.
+Clustering round it is a small Arab hamlet with the usual sprinkling
+of Palm trees, and an abundance of dirt and filth, without which
+surely the Arab could not exist.
+
+[Illustration: The Officers Mess, Falahiyah, The Adjutant, Captain N.
+M. RITCHIE, D.S.O., Studies Military Law.]
+
+[Illustration: J. M. COWIE, T. HENDERSON, A. A. YOUNG (Killed), G. V.
+STEWART, T. GILLESPIE (Killed).]
+
+[Illustration: J. M. COWIE, G. V. STEWART, T. HENDERSON, J. H.
+COTTERELL (Killed), H. W. BRUCE (Killed).]
+
+[Illustration: At The Bar.]
+
+[Illustration: River Scenes.]
+
+At the northern end of the Narrows is the village of Qalat Sahib with
+its minarets and lovely reflections. Then, Amara is sighted. We are
+now one hundred and twenty miles from our base and this place makes a
+kind of a half-way house between Basrah and Baghdad, and for the first
+time the battalion lands in Mesopotamia. It was about three o'clock in
+the afternoon that the order to disembark was received. Wonder was
+expressed at the command as everyone knew that this was still a long
+way behind the firing line, and was it the intention to march the rest
+of the distance, and if so, why? as we were so much needed. All these
+queries and doubts however were soon put an end to when it became
+known that the Colonel had decided to land and practice an attack. He
+knew that at any moment his Regiment might be thrown into action, and
+as the long journey was found to have a stiffening effect on one's
+limbs he decided on some small practice manoeuvres before the actual
+and real thing took place.
+
+What a pleasure to get on shore again! At such a moment a regiment is
+almost like a boy's school let out after hours; everyone was in high
+fettle and pleased, our long journey was nearing its end, and very
+soon we would be relieving General Townshend who had been locked up in
+Kut since December 5th.
+
+By three o'clock all were ashore and an attack on an imaginary enemy
+was practised, and of course victory achieved; but on returning to the
+river, it was found that the boats had moved up a mile or so, and
+tired and weary the Regiment had to go in search of them, and to add
+to the discomfort the rain started to come down, so that by the time
+everyone was on board again at seven-thirty it was dark and the men
+were wet, and a very subdued regiment ate their evening meal in
+comparison to the high spirits of earlier in the afternoon. However,
+very soon it would be good-bye to the boats for good, as it was
+expected that the following day we should land at Ali-el-Gharbi.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+
+The 2nd Battalion disembarked at Ali-el-Gharbi, one hundred and eighty
+miles from Basrah. The ground was little better than a bog from the
+rain of the previous day; with very little rain the whole countryside
+seems to become a quagmire. The mud is about the most slippery kind to
+be found anywhere, so that walking is made most difficult. The first
+work was to unload the barges. All the kit, supplies, and tents had to
+be taken ashore as we were leaving the boats for good and were now in
+a hostile country. The unloading is a tedious business and one of the
+most tiring of fatigues, but when the whole of a regiment is put on to
+it the work is soon finished. That night No. 1 Company was on Out-Post
+duty and the rest slumbered.
+
+The following morning broke fine and sunny, as so often happens in
+this country after wet and miserable evenings. The clouds roll up
+during the night and the morning is such that one feels it is good to
+be alive. There was a sharpness in the air that made it almost
+impossible to think that in a few months' time this country would be
+proving itself to be the hottest in the world. The orders were to be
+up at dawn and start immediately after breakfast. Part of the Brigade
+transport was of camels, but the camels getting out of hand
+disappeared into the desert and the start had to be made without them.
+It is a fascinating picture to see a long line of camels in single
+file starting off on a voyage across the desert. But this
+misadventure had delayed matters and the heat after midday was very
+trying for marching although in the distance one could see the snow on
+the higher summits of the Pusht-i-kuh Mountains which form the
+dividing line between Persia and Turkey. From an aeroplane the picture
+of the Tigris flowing through this flat country with all its numerous
+twists and turns must resemble a huge snake. A short halt was made in
+the middle of the day for lunch, and a final halt was not called till
+within five miles of Sheikh-Saad, and a distance of twenty-two miles
+had been covered, not bad work, considering the Regiment had just
+landed after being cooped up for a month on transports and river
+boats. But everyone was dead tired and exhausted and No. 1 Company was
+pleased that they had provided the Out-Posts the previous night, and
+that it was the turn of No. 2 to do duty. General Younghusband with
+part of his division had moved out and engaged the enemy, and that
+night we could see the flashes of the guns and hear the constant
+rattle of musketry. At break of day General Aylmer, the Corps
+Commander, rode out past us to the advanced force, but it was not till
+after nine o'clock that our Brigade advanced some five miles and lay
+down to await orders. The orders were clear and promised success. One
+Brigade was to deal with the Turks on the right bank of the Tigris,
+one Brigade was to hold his forces near the left bank, while a third,
+with ours in immediate support, was to make the decisive attack on the
+enemy's left flank. This Brigade and ours therefore manoeuvred to the
+right for position. Before we had taken sufficient ground to our
+right, fresh orders arrived directing both Brigades to counter-march
+back and attack the centre of the enemy's line, against which the
+Brigade on our left was already moving. Instant action was demanded
+and instantly the 2nd Battalion and a battalion of Jats moved forward
+to the attack. No time was given for the issue of orders, no frontage
+or direction was given, no signal communication was arranged. To all
+enquiries the one answer was given "Advance where the bullets are
+thickest" and right there did the 2nd Battalion advance. Magazines
+were charged and bayonets fixed on the move; the companies moved with
+great rapidity and wonderful exactness considering the exhausting
+march of the day before and the little practice they had had in open
+warfare. But without covering fire, and there was little artillery
+fire available to cover our attack such an attack over bare open plain
+cannot succeed unless the enemy be few in numbers or of poor heart.
+The Turk was neither weak nor faint-hearted, and poured in so deadly a
+fire that before the leading lines were within 200 yards of the enemy,
+five hundred of the battalion had been killed or wounded. Other units
+suffered with almost equal severity, the attack came to an inevitable
+halt, there were no reserves to drive it home, consequently orders
+were sent up from the Brigade that the infantry should dig themselves
+in where they were. Nineteen officers and two-thirds of the men had
+been hit: Colonel Wauchope was severely wounded by a shell and Major
+Hamilton Johnstone took over command.
+
+[Illustration: The Pipe Band.]
+
+[Illustration: Corporal McLEOD.]
+
+[Illustration: The Pipe Band.]
+
+[Illustration: Our Left Flank At San-i-yat, The Tigris.]
+
+[Illustration: Capt. HALDANE Inspects The Hannah Trenches.]
+
+[Illustration: At Mohammerah.]
+
+But if our losses were heavy and the sufferings great, the Turk had
+also suffered so heavily at our hands, that he was forced to evacuate
+his position on the following day, and we occupied it on the 9th. The
+situation was one of extreme difficulty for the new Commanding
+officer. If there were few men left there were still fewer officers or
+sergeants remaining with much experience. Yet the Turks were close to
+our trenches and re-organisation of the depleted platoons imperative.
+But his indomitable spirit and the determination within the regiment,
+so often shown at times of crisis, made the hardest tasks possible.
+The wounded were brought back, the dead buried; rations were got
+forward and the trenches securely held. New leaders were appointed,
+and on January 10th when the Brigade moved forward from Sheikh-Saad
+the Battalion had been reformed under its well-loved commander, ready
+as always to do whatever duty lay before.
+
+Progress was made up the river bank slowly, but always in the
+direction of Kut, the aim and object of our every march and fight at
+this period. The enemy had retreated some miles and, on January 13th,
+they were attacked and driven out of their position on the Wadi, the
+2nd Battalion playing a small but successful part in this action and
+losing 34 men. The Turks then fell back on to a more strongly
+entrenched position at Hannah.
+
+The rainy season was now in full swing. It rained day after day and
+the whole country became sodden, making it very difficult to move
+troops and almost impossible to move artillery. The discomfort the men
+suffered is almost indescribable, with no tents and everyone
+chronically wet to the skin and unable to have properly cooked food,
+made a seemingly hopeless position; but it is wonderful how hardship
+and discomforts are forgotten at the thought of beleaguered comrades
+in need of help and, as the country dried up and the sun shone forth,
+the men's spirits rose. On the eighteenth the 2nd Battalion had
+orders again to move forward. They did so and occupied a line of
+trenches about two thousand yards off the enemy, who were strongly
+entrenched in what is now known as the Hannah position. The whole
+country here, it must be understood, is absolutely flat, only in the
+distance twenty or thirty miles away one could see the snow-clad
+Pusht-i-kuh Mountains. Each night short advances were made and fresh
+trenches dug, till the night of the 20th. In this manner an advance
+was made up to within two hundred and fifty yards of the enemy's
+position. There, under cover of darkness the last line of trenches
+were dug and the companies deployed into two lines, and there they
+faced the enemy and awaited dawn. The Battalion and our old friends,
+the Jats, had been lent to another Brigade detailed to make the
+decisive assault on the morning of the 21st. Major Hamilton Johnston
+had made every possible arrangement for a successful assault and the
+leading lines were well within striking distance of the enemy. But
+however brilliantly carried out an assault may be, however gallant and
+determined the men, to ensure a lasting success against a determined
+foe there must be weight as well as depth in the attack. Now on the
+night of the 20th, owing to the movement among the troops, lack of
+reconnaissance and the mud, the troops in rear of the two leading
+battalions were deployed so far back, that though they moved forward
+in the morning simultaneously with the Jats and Highlanders, they
+suffered such losses on their way that none were able to reach the
+enemy trenches. And dire was our need there for support.
+
+At a given signal our artillery opened a light bombardment of seven
+minutes, then the long awaited and thrilling order to assault was
+given. The companies made a magnificent response and all rushed
+forward, crossed the muddy water-logged No Man's Land with their left
+200 or 300 yards from the river, and gained the objective, though not
+without losses. No pause had been made for firing for the bayonet was
+the weapon our men trusted. More and more it is proved that the
+bayonet is the weapon that wins the trench, the rifle the defensive
+weapon that holds it. Yet though no pause had been made our losses in
+that charge were severe. Major Hamilton Johnston was struck first by
+bullet and then, almost at once, killed by shell; only four officers
+reached the objective and of these three were wounded. The Turks
+fought desperately and it was only after a severe struggle that we
+captured some 300 yards of the first line trench. The Jats had
+suffered fully as severely as ourselves, but a certain number joined
+up with our men and fought right well, but no further assistance was
+forthcoming. The Colonel was once asked by the Higher Command if such
+and such a trench could be captured. "My Regiment," he replies, "will
+capture any trench, but it is a different matter whether it is
+possible to hold it." Then for one and a quarter hours, the length of
+time which the trench was held, the Regiment added a very glorious
+page to its history. Great gallantry was displayed and Lieut. M. M.
+Thorburn who was severely wounded by a bayonet thrust received the
+Military Cross as an immediate award. The enemy counter-attacked from
+two sides and our few bombs, though replenished from some captured
+from the enemy, were soon expended; but many charges up the trenches
+were made to bomb them out, two machine guns were captured and put
+out of action. Slowly however the Turks drove the remnants of our
+platoons towards the river and the killed and wounded greatly
+outnumbered the survivors, 2nd Lieutenant Souther was wounded but
+refused to retire, and every moment the situation was getting more
+desperate. 2nd Lieutenant Henderson assumed command and was gallantly
+supported by C.S.M. Proudfoot and Sergeant McDonald. Seeing that the
+position was untenable, C.S.M. Proudfoot asked 2nd Lieutenant
+Henderson if he did not think it would be wise to fall back as no
+assistance was being sent, and men were being uselessly sacrificed.
+"How can I order the Regiment to retire?" he replied. C.S.M. Proudfoot
+and Sergt. MacDonald were both killed. Two of the finest men in the
+regiment they were, and both had been recommended for commissions.
+Proudfoot would have made a splendid officer; he had perhaps the
+finest physique of any man in the Battalion and for long had been the
+best reel dancer. No one who ever knew Sergt. MacDonald will forget
+him. His soft voice and gentle manner, his readiness to help whoever
+had need endeared him to all, and many a brave deed had he done as
+scout leader of the Battalion both in France and Mesopotamia. It now
+became impossible to remain unsupported in the enemy's position.
+Slowly and in good order some eighty men, one quarter of those who had
+started the attack two hours before, retired across No Man's Land and
+regained our trenches.
+
+[Illustration: Captured Turkish Officers.]
+
+[Illustration: Turkish Prisoners Arrive At Basrah.]
+
+When muster roll was called ninety-nine men remained of this gallant
+Regiment, out of the nine hundred and fifty who had landed in
+Mesopotamia less than three weeks before. As many wounded as possible
+were brought in. The Padre, Major the Revd. Macfarlane did splendid
+service. Darkness was closing in as the Regiment fell back on to the
+second line, and the very skies wept at the tragedy being enacted
+below them. No tents, no warmth, all soaked to the skin, intense cold,
+and defeated. It is possible to be happy even if wet, cold and hungry
+if you are victorious, but to be wet, cold and defeated, and yet
+undaunted is worthy of the highest traditions of heroes.
+
+The following day what remained of the Battalion was moved across the
+river, and 2nd Lieutenant Stewart Smith assumed command, to be
+followed shortly by Captain Crake.
+
+The stay on the right bank of the river was short, and the remnants of
+the Battalion were again soon on the left bank, but the losses of the
+Highland units engaged had been so heavy that it was decided to form
+one Battalion of what remained, under Colonel Thompson. This brilliant
+officer was shortly afterwards given a Brigade, and during the
+Campaign of the winter 1916-17 did such excellent work that he was
+rewarded with the command of a Division again proving that age should
+not be regarded as a deterrent for promotion if ability is
+conspicuous. He was only forty when commanding a Brigade. During
+February and March the Battalion suffered great discomfort, not to
+speak of hardships. The rainfall was unusually heavy and the country
+all mud. Difficulty was experienced in getting up supplies. And every
+day and every hour the Turks were tightening their hold on Kut, so
+gallantly defended by General Townshend and his brave division. For in
+reading the history of the battles of this spring, we must always
+remember that the relief of Kut was the object in view, and for
+that object our Generals were right in giving battle and in accepting
+any odds while one chance remained of final success.
+
+[Illustration: J. F. C. DIXON, M.C.]
+
+[Illustration: S. L. HUNTER.]
+
+[Illustration: A. B. CUMMING (Killed 22-4-16).]
+
+[Illustration: Zobeir Minaret.]
+
+The Regiment was now encamped near the Hannah position, fresh drafts
+arrived, re-organisation completed and training continued in bombing,
+trench digging and minor manoeuvres. The great effort on the right
+bank of March 8th had failed, but within a month another supreme
+effort was made on the left bank. Another Division had arrived from
+Gallipoli and, on April 5th, under General Maude, their trusted
+commander, this Division captured the Hannah position. On the evening
+of the same day, they gained the Falahiyah trenches and on the same
+night our column, with the Highland Battalion leading, marched through
+Falahiyah and advanced up the edge of the Suwakie Marsh with the
+intention of attacking the Turkish left. As so often happens, however,
+on a night march, some delay occurred, and at dawn the troops had not
+reached their objective and were not fully deployed. The Turks opened
+a very heavy fire practically destroying our leading platoons and, as
+we were still some six hundred yards from their trenches, the order
+was given to dig in where we were. This was done, but the weather this
+year was beyond all precedent, the marsh kept on rising and before
+evening it had flooded our men out of the new trenches. We were
+consequently ordered to retire three hundred yards and dig in afresh.
+
+On the 7th a demonstration in force was carried out by fresh troops;
+little was effected by this demonstration as it was checked mainly by
+shell and machine gun fire before advancing very far. Like many
+another effort of these heart breaking days, it was fore-doomed to
+fail; and the spirits of the troops and their fighting value was only
+maintained by the stern resolve that every man would continue
+fighting, no matter against what odds, so long as the flag was still
+flying over Kut.
+
+On the night of the 8th, another Division took over our trenches, and
+on the following evening made a night advance and attacked the
+San-i-yat position. Heavy casualties were incurred, but they failed to
+reach the enemy's position. We therefore again took over and held the
+trenches until April 22nd. A final attack was planned for that day to
+be made by two Brigades, but at the last moment the Brigade on our
+right found the ground in their front impassable owing to the rising
+of the marsh. Consequently in the assault we were exposed to a heavy
+fire from our right flank as well as from the front. Nevertheless the
+gallant Highlanders swept across the muddy ground, drove the enemy
+from his first line and assaulted the second. Lieutenant Forester led
+his platoon against the third line, but from that gallant assault none
+returned. Major Inglis, the senior officer with the Battalion, and
+many another were killed. The enemy trenches were in most places
+filled with water, to consolidate our position was impossible and,
+fired on from three sides, the survivors of the Brigade were forced
+slowly back to their original position. With new drafts the Highland
+Battalion had attacked at full strength, but suffered during the day
+over 600 casualties.
+
+[Illustration: Views Of Beit Nama Hospital.]
+
+[Illustration: In The Garden Of Beit Nama Hospital.]
+
+[Illustration: The Hospital Launch.]
+
+[Illustration: A Hospital Ship.]
+
+[Illustration: Officers' Tents, Falahiyah.]
+
+[Illustration: The Mess Tents, Falahiyah.]
+
+[Illustration: The Regiment Moves Off.]
+
+[Illustration: Arab Girls.]
+
+The position now in Kut was almost hopeless, and General Townshend
+began to destroy his stores and guns. One last but very gallant
+attempt was to be made to get supplies in, and the General Officer
+Commanding the Expeditionary Force reported as follows:--
+
+"At 8 p.m., on April 24th, 1916, with a crew from the Royal Navy
+under Lieutenant Firman, R.N., assisted by Lieut.-Commander Cowley,
+R.N.V.R., the 'Julnar,' carrying 270 tons of supplies left Falahiyah
+in an attempt to reach Kut. Her departure was covered by all Artillery
+and Machine gun fire that could be brought to bear, in the hope of
+attracting the enemy's attention. She was, however, discovered and
+shelled on her passage up the river. At 1 a.m., on the 25th, General
+Townshend reported that she had not yet arrived, and that at midnight
+a burst of heavy firing had been heard at Magasis, some 8-1/2 miles
+from Kut by river, which had suddenly ceased. There could be little
+doubt that the enterprise had failed, and the next day the Air Service
+reported the 'Julnar' in the hands of the Turks at Magasis. The
+leaders of this brave attempt, Lieutenant H. O. B. Firman, R.N., and
+his assistant Lieut.-Commander C. H. Cowley, R.N.V.R., the latter of
+whom throughout the campaign in Mesopotamia performed magnificent
+service in command of the 'Mejidieh,' have been reported by the Turks
+to have been killed, the remainder of the gallant crew, including five
+wounded, are prisoners of war. Knowing well the chances against them
+all the gallant officers and men who manned the 'Julnar' for the
+occasion were volunteers. I trust the services in this connection of
+Lieut. H. O. B. Firman, R.N., and Lieut-Commander C. H. Cowley,
+R.N.V.R., his assistant, both of whom were unfortunately killed, may
+be recognized by the posthumous grant of some suitable honour."
+
+                                                  ADMIRALTY.
+
+"The King has been graciously pleased to approve of the posthumous
+grant of the Victoria Cross to the undermentioned officers in
+recognition of their conspicuous gallantry in an attempt to
+reprovision the Force besieged in Kut-el-Amarah:--
+
+  Lieut. Humphry Osbaldeston Brooke Firman, R.N.
+  Lieut.-Comdr. Charles Henry Cowley, R.N.V.R."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+After a stubborn defence for one hundred and forty-three days, General
+Townshend's supplies were exhausted, and he was compelled to surrender
+on April 29th, with 9,000 men.
+
+[Illustration: On The Banks Of The Tigris. 125° In The Shade.]
+
+[Illustration: Beit Nama Hospital.]
+
+[Illustration: One Of The Noble Band Of Sisters.]
+
+[Illustration: A Winter Sunrise. Beit Nama Hospital.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+
+The strategical importance of Kut-el-Amarah lies in the fact that it
+is at the junction of the Shatt-el-Hai with the Tigris. The force
+which controls Kut has the choice of movement down the Hai or the
+Tigris at will, and this advantage was with the Turk.
+
+The summer was rapidly advancing with its awful heat and the enemy,
+unable to press his advantage any further, was quite willing to remain
+in his trenches and await events. And so for seven months both sides
+resorted to trench warfare, and sat down facing each other through the
+most trying period of the year.
+
+The Secretary of State made the following announcement: "General Lake
+reports on May 20th that the right (South) bank of the Tigris is clear
+of the enemy as far as the Shatt-el-Hai, except for small rear-guards
+covering the bridge over the Hai some 500 yards below its junction
+with the Tigris. Our main force on this bank has reached the line
+Magasis-Dujailah. On the left (North) bank the enemy are reported to
+be still occupying the San-i-yat position. Weather is intensely hot
+and trying, and temperature during the last few days has been over 100
+degrees in the shade."
+
+Owing to the melting of the snows in Asia Minor the Tigris is at its
+highest in the spring and early summer and the left of our lines
+stretched to the water edge. The Suwakie marsh is also very full at
+this season and forms a natural protection to the right flank of the
+San-i-yat position. Consequently as the front held was under two
+miles the lines could be safely held by one Brigade at a time, with
+the other two in reserve. The procedure adopted during the summer
+months was for one Brigade to hold the trenches, one Brigade in the
+forward area rest camp, and the other the rearward area rest camp,
+situated at the Bridgehead opposite Arab Village, some six miles
+behind the firing line.
+
+Fresh troops were arriving in the country daily, drafts to different
+regiments to make up for those killed, wounded and sick. A great
+number coming direct from England and Scotland and quite unaccustomed
+to the great heat went sick immediately on arrival in the country.
+
+In addition, however, many wounded were now returning, the numbers at
+the front increased, and in May, Colonel Thompson was appointed to the
+command of a brigade on the right bank, and Colonel Wauchope took over
+the Highland Battalion. Throughout the summer our Division held the
+San-i-yat position. In spite of numerous drafts the Highland Battalion
+remained considerably under strength both in men and officers until
+August. By that time the Battalion was about twelve hundred strong,
+and it was split up into its two original units, our comrades being
+posted to another Brigade.
+
+[Illustration: Guns And Boat Captured From The Turks.]
+
+[Illustration: Types In Mesopotamia.]
+
+These two battalions had served together as the Highland Battalion
+during a period of their history that will never be forgotten. Close
+friends in India, the two battalions had now fought shoulder to
+shoulder in many a hard-fought action, they had captured and defended
+trenches together under conditions sometimes so desperate that only
+their faith and confidence in each other enabled the two regiments not
+only to maintain their glorious traditions but also to enhance their
+reputation. No jealousy marred the good feeling between officers and
+men; there was nothing but goodwill. We all had absolute trust in
+Colonel Thompson, and Colonel Wauchope has often said he always found
+the same spirit, the same wholehearted readiness to perform every duty
+equally amongst both units. In some ways the Platoon, in some ways the
+Division is the tactical unit of the British Army, but by tradition,
+custom and wholesome practise the living organism is the Battalion,
+and the Commander who ignores that fact loses a source of strength
+that no other factor fills. It was only the strength of fellowship and
+their confidence in their two commanders that enabled these two famous
+regiments to work and fight under every adverse circumstance so
+wholeheartedly and with the single-minded devotion which they always
+showed during these trying times.
+
+The bond of sentiment holds when other bonds fail. To all to whom
+regimental feeling appeals there is no sight like the swing of the
+kilt, no sound like the sound of the pipes. Men of both regiments
+might often recall how they had charged forward in France, the pipers
+leading the way, and no body of men had themselves shewn greater
+gallantry or inspired others with their spirit more than the
+regimental pipers. Yet even in war the days of battle are few and the
+days of trial many, and many a time at reveillé and retreat, on the
+march and in camp has the sound of the massed pipers stirred our
+memories and stoutened our hearts to face whatever danger or hardship
+lay before. The old Crimean reveillé was still heard, but a new
+reveillé, "The Highland Regiment in Mesopotamia," arranged by
+Pipe-Major Keith, was played more often. During a long march
+"Scotland's my Ain Hame," and "Neil Gow's Farewell to Whiskey" were
+often call for, and, on reaching camp, before striking up with "The
+Blue Bonnets," the pipers always played the Colonel's favourite air,
+"After the Battle."
+
+In these days lack of tents, and the excessive heat were minor
+troubles compared to the prevalence of sickness and constant flow of
+casualties. Whatever the strength of the Battalion, the duties had to
+be performed. Again and again men left their turn of sentry duty only
+to take part in one of the innumerable but essential working parties.
+Over and over again men had to work throughout the cooler hours of the
+twenty-four, and pick up what rest they might in the heat and glare,
+amid the dust and flies, of midday. But if there was much sickness
+there was no grumbling, and the energy and thoroughness with which all
+duties were performed will remain for all time a lasting credit to the
+men of the Regiment. The average age of the Company Commanders was one
+and twenty, yet the C. O. told me that never was a Colonel better
+served in this and every respect. The Adjutant was under twenty, but
+no more capable or devoted officer was ever Adjutant to the Regiment.
+The Sergeant Major was absent sick, and during part of the time there
+were but four sergeants remaining with the Battalion; but the young
+men specially selected to fill the vacancies, responded to the call,
+accepted all their responsibilities, and never was the standard of
+discipline or smartness higher in the Battalion. Of the many awards
+given to the Battalion I doubt if any were better deserved than the
+D.S.O. gained by the Adjutant, and the two Military Crosses awarded in
+succession to our two Regimental Sergeant-Majors. To these might well
+be added the four D.C.Ms. gained by the four Sergeant-Bombers, two of
+whom added a bar to their medals, and unsurpassed by any, the D.C.M.,
+with the bar, gained by the Stretcher-Bearer Sergeant.
+
+On August 28th, General Maude took over command and his wonderful
+capacity for administration was soon manifested. Also more boats were
+arriving for river transport, more supplies, both Medical and
+Military, were being sent out. Control of the campaign was taken over
+by the War Office. Canteens were established at different points,
+enabling both officers and men to buy small luxuries, and the Y.M.C.A.
+had branches established at many places. The country will never be
+able to thank the Y.M.C.A. enough for what they did for its soldiers
+in Mesopotamia.
+
+The Hospitals were being rapidly well established, and excellent work
+was being done to provide all necessary accommodation and comfort for
+sick men and wounded. Casualty Clearing Stations were in full swing,
+and hundreds of men were sent down the line from hospital to hospital,
+in many cases to eventually be sent to India in an endeavour to be
+restored to health after having endured all sorts of privations and
+hardships in Mesopotamia. An excellent Officers' Hospital was
+established at Amara, and went under the name of the "Rawal-Pindi
+Hospital." It was well run and had a large and capable staff. There
+were other hospitals at Amara for officers and men and improvements
+were being added daily.
+
+There was a large number of hospitals in Basrah and a very fine one
+called the Beit Naama Hospital about six miles below Basrah,
+beautifully situated on the banks of the river and surrounded by palm
+trees, was opened in June 1916 to try and relieve the pressure of
+officers coming down river, which No. 3 British General Hospital could
+not easily cope with. This place was fitted up with electric light and
+electric fans, hot and cold water baths, lift, ice and soda water
+factories, up-to-date "X" Ray installation and an Operating Theatre
+for surgical cases.
+
+They took in on an average about 135 officers a month and sent on an
+average 28 to India. It had accommodation for 100 officers and had a
+staff of three Medical Officers, a Matron and seven Sisters. The work
+done by the Nursing Sisters in this country, the untiring devotion to
+duty displayed under most trying climatic conditions when the
+temperature rose to nearly 130 degrees in the shade, is beyond all
+praise, and only those who have seen and suffered in this campaign
+should be competent to judge.
+
+[Illustration: The Second In Command.]
+
+[Illustration: The Doctor In The Trenches.]
+
+[Illustration: Amongst The Palm Trees.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+
+All these improvements, all these reinforcements, all these extra
+supplies could have but one meaning and but one end in view, and that
+was as soon as the summer heat was over in the words of Nelson's
+famous signal to "engage the enemy more closely."
+
+The time spent out of the trenches was no holiday, one talked of going
+back to the Rest Camp. But Rest Camp was only a kindly term; it did
+not mean, as one might be led to believe, a delightful camp where
+comfortable chairs and well-served meals were supplied to tired and
+war-worn officers and men. No such thing; in fact so much the opposite
+was the case that one often heard it remarked that one got far more
+rest in the trenches than in any Rest Camp at the immediate front. The
+Colonel of the Regiment was a thruster. He never wasted a moment
+himself and would have his regiment the same. On the great Bronze Gong
+of one of our Battalions is engraved "I mark the hours, Do you?"
+Certainly the Colonel of the 2nd Battalion did. It was too hot for any
+drill or outside parades between the hours of 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., so
+everyone gasped for air inside their tents during those awful hours
+when the temperature rose to 124° in the shade, and the one thing one
+prayed for was the hastening of sunset; but if the officers or men
+slept or tried to sleep during those trying hours it was not so with
+the Colonel, at almost any time one visited his tent it was to find
+him busy; he did not seem to know what it was to suffer from fatigue,
+and during all those trying summer months, when with one solitary
+exception every officer was off duty ill for some period of time,
+however short, the Commanding Officer was only confined to his tent
+for half a day. Duties commenced soon after sunrise and very often
+before, every opportunity being taken to make as much use of the
+coolest and light hours of the 24. A very strict course of intensive
+training was gone through and the results were to make themselves
+manifest early the next year. Bombing was practiced morning and night.
+Bayonet fighting was excelled in, and attacks by bombers and
+bayonetmen were practiced with frequency in trenches especially
+prepared for the purpose. Officers were trained to march by compass
+and stars and some were even given a course of riding lessons, nothing
+being left to chance. The long hot trying summer was not wasted; it
+was a preparation for what was to come. Long marches were out of the
+question, but short night marches were often practiced, sometimes by
+the Battalion alone, sometimes by the whole Brigade with an attack at
+dawn. These manoeuvres were very popular with everyone; it was
+possible to enjoy moving about in the cool of the night and the
+quietness and silence with which it was possible for a whole Regiment
+to advance on to a supposed enemy position often impressed one. Having
+marched to a certain point from which an attack was to be delivered,
+the pre-arranged signal having been given, the bagpipes would burst
+forth into music and with a wild cheer the whole Regiment would charge
+forward in wave after wave and the supposed enemy driven from their
+stronghold. A few moments' rest would be given and the C. O. would
+call his officers around him and explain, praise or condemn various
+things which had struck him and, as the sun rose over the Pusht-i-Kuh
+hills, we would march back to camp. A keen rivalry and competition was
+established among the various platoons as to which would mount the
+best guard, and a very searching examination was conducted each
+evening by the Adjutant and Sergeant-Major. This led to great interest
+being taken by the whole Battalion in the mounting of the guard, and
+the smartness of the guard increased by leaps and bounds. The heat, of
+course, found its victims and in spite of all precautions there was a
+fair amount of sickness during the summer; it was impossible to avoid
+it. Great care was taken to see that all drinking water was properly
+chlorinated, and special waterproof tanks were erected on the river
+banks. If anyone went sick they were almost immediately sent to the
+Field Hospital where they got every possible attention. All through
+the summer the Battalion was very much below strength and the work
+fell heavily on those remaining.
+
+[Illustration: Views In Zobeir. The site of Ancient Basrah, the home
+of Sinbad the Sailor.]
+
+[Illustration: The President, Regimental Institutes.]
+
+[Illustration: Captain T. W. STEWART.]
+
+It was decided to hold "Highland Sports" on Wednesday, August 30th,
+and a number of other units, both British and Indian, were asked to
+take part. A suitable piece of ground was chosen some five miles
+behind the firing line, and on the day a great concourse of people
+assembled. The Corps Commander honoured the Regiment and several
+Generals from other Brigades were also present, our own Brigadier
+being an interested spectator. The events were keenly contested and
+the honours were fairly evenly divided. We won the Highland Dancing
+with a very fine exhibition. Another Highland unit carried off the
+board jump with a record leap. The officers "Donkey Fight", a scrap
+"Five aside" between our officers and those of another Highland unit
+caused huge delight and amusement and before many moments blood was
+flowing freely. The mile race by the Indian Regiments drew a big crowd
+and a large number of entries and a great race was won by the
+Punjabis. The inter-company cross country run was a keen contest. 13
+men were chosen from each company, with one officer in charge and an
+N. C. O. They had to run in full kit and packs also carrying rifles
+and a severe course of training was gone through. P. P. B. Miller
+Stirling commanded one company, the brothers Smythe (South Africans
+and both keen sportsmen) each commanded other companies. I forget who
+commanded the fourth company. The average time was under ten minutes
+over a two-mile course, and the remarkable thing showing the
+uniformity of training was that there was scarcely two minutes'
+difference in time between any company. But the event of the day was
+the 'tug-of-war' between the two Highland Regiments. It was the best
+tug-of-war that many of us had ever witnessed. The sides had been
+carefully picked and well trained. Officers and men cheered on their
+respective regiments, the crowd of onlookers swelled till the whole
+Brigade was looking on in feverish suspense, and so even were the
+sides that for nearly five minutes not an inch of ground was lost or
+gained. The cheering ceased and the silence became intense; one could
+see the veins standing out on the competitors' foreheads and
+perspiration pouring off their faces, each man pulling to the last
+ounce, then our coach shouted "come away" and as if by magic they gave
+a convulsive pull and gained a foot, the spell was broken, and the
+men of our Regiment looking on gave a wild cheer. In a second everyone
+was shouting for their side, but slowly, very slowly, inch by inch
+they were winning, they would lose a foot and then gain two, till
+after one of the sternest pulls in the history of the Regiment, our
+opponents crossed the line and we were victors. Both sides sank
+exhausted to the ground as their Regiments cheered them to the echo.
+Perhaps some daring Turkish flying man heard that brave cheer from his
+observation car far above and thought the mad English were practising
+some new game to worry his existence. That evening at a concert given
+by the Regiment the General made a speech and congratulated the two
+teams on the best tug-of war he had ever seen, congratulating them on
+their splendid staying powers and for the tenacity and determination
+they had displayed, which he remarked augured ill for the Turk in the
+coming months. History records how true was his prophesy. Our
+Brigadier was General Charles Norie whose gallantry in the field was
+well-known, as in some strange way gallantry ever is known, to every
+man who served under him. And well loved was Charles Norie. He had
+lost an arm fighting on the Indian frontier. There have been many
+depressing optimists since August 1914 who every Autumn swear the war
+will end next spring, and every spring know it cannot last beyond next
+autumn. An answer given by one of our Sergeants was consonant to the
+serene spirit and resolution that filled the regiment and bid defiance
+to the future. Glancing at the General waving his one arm in the air,
+he answered some faint-hearted hopeful, "I'm thinking the war will not
+be over till Norie claps his hands." It is in that spirit that the
+armies of England win their way through at whatever cost.
+
+[Illustration: The P. M. C.]
+
+[Illustration: Tigris Salmon.]
+
+[Illustration: The Palm Creeks.]
+
+That evening the Colonel gave a dinner party and the powers of the
+Mess President were taxed to the utmost limit. Nearly 40 sat down, the
+Mess staff rose to the occasion, and the cook turned out things we had
+never seen before. The next day the Commanding Officer remarked at
+dinner "Really, P.M.C., I don't at all know why when we have 2 or 3
+Generals to dinner you can give us nice white table cloths but at
+other times it is only bare boards", "Well Sir," he hesitatingly
+replied, "they were two of Stewart's sheets." Sundays were usually
+fairly slack days. I sometimes thought that they could have been even
+slacker, it being so absolutely necessary to have one day's rest a
+week. Church Parade would be held in the early morning, and another
+service at 6 in the evening after the sun had set. These evening
+services were very impressive; we would form round in a half circle
+sitting on the grass, or what formed a substitute for grass, with the
+Padre in the middle. The Commanding Officer would sit at one end of
+the half circle either amongst his officers or at the other end
+amongst the men, and the Padre knowing well the limits of human
+endurance and the severe test that the great heat was putting us to,
+never preached too long a sermon. We all loved him, and as he had been
+with the Regiment for a dozen years he knew everyone and about
+everyone, and when he went sick after the great advance on Baghdad,
+all felt that they had temporarily lost a friend. We were miles away
+from any village and still further from any town, so there was no one
+to visit on Sundays and no social life; unlike our comrades in
+France we were unable to enjoy the hospitality of a friendly
+population or look forward to going home on leave. We were out here
+and we knew it meant for months or may be years. Leave in a restricted
+form was granted to India during the 1916 summer, but that is going
+from one hot country to another and, though appreciated, could not be
+compared to going home. We knew two or three days in advance, the day
+that we would go up to the trenches for our spell, and we usually went
+in at the commencement of the month, so had the advantage, or
+disadvantage as it sometimes proved, of having a full moon. The
+distance to march was about three miles before we reached the end of
+the communication trench and we never started till late in the
+afternoon. All that day we were busy preparing our trench kits and
+packing up the necessary kit which had to be as little as possible. We
+always marched up in kilts and marched out in kilts, but during our
+stay there our clothes were the irreducible minimum, shorts and
+shirts. I well remember my first spell in the trenches of the famous
+Sanniyat position. We usually held the centre of the line with an
+Indian Regiment on either side and one in reserve. We left camp soon
+after seven, the night was one of those wonderful clear still
+moonlight nights for which this country is justly famous. It was
+difficult to imagine before one came within sound of rifle fire that a
+grim struggle was being enacted a mile or so in front, everything was
+still quiet and peaceful, there were no villages to pass through on
+our way up, it was simply open flat country with a river on one side
+and a marsh on the other, a long dusty road leading from the Rest
+Camps to the rear of the trenches. A light was burning in Brigade
+Headquarters and a sentry on duty and we silently filed up the long
+communication trench which was deep in dust as rain had not fallen for
+months. We passed fatigue parties coming down for rations and the dust
+was most distressing. The relief of trenches is usually a long and
+tedious process--handing over stores, getting receipts, pointing out
+anything of exceptional interest and generally getting settled down
+for ten or fourteen days. The Regimental Headquarters were about 200
+yards behind the front line and connected up by telephone and various
+companies and platoons took it in turn to do their round of duty in
+the front line. I think in the trenches you come to know men as you
+can get to know them in no other place, the reserve of civilization is
+often thrown off and you know a man for what he is, not for what he
+would have you think he is. I remember sitting one night on the fire
+step of the front line trench and having a long and interesting talk
+with a Sergeant about Nigeria. He was telling me all about his life
+out there before the war, and the part he took in the Cameroon
+Campaign. Back in a Rest Camp he would never have got so
+communicative, but when one knows that one's lives are dependant on
+each other a close comradeship often results between both officers and
+men. This gallant fellow some months later was killed as his company
+was advancing to attack a Turkish position after the capture of
+Baghdad. I always feel glad I had that talk with him.
+
+[Illustration: Ashar Creek.]
+
+[Illustration: Ashar Creek.]
+
+[Illustration: Native Bazaar, Ashar.]
+
+[Illustration: Scenes In Basrah.]
+
+The nights in the trenches were the busiest time not only on account
+of darkness but also on account of coolness. At 9 o'clock in the
+morning an inspection of rifles and kit would be held by the Company
+Officers, after which the whole Company would retire to dug-outs in
+the reserve front line trenches, 10 yards behind the fire trench and
+then endeavour to get through the day as well as possible. The
+dug-outs had not the comforts of present day dug-outs on the Western
+Front. The only roof we had was sail cloth, so if a shell happened to
+strike it the results were fatal. This sail cloth kept the sun off,
+but the heat was terrific. Sentries only, and one officer per Company
+were kept on duty during the day in the front line, where there was
+not a yard of shade, the sun beat down with relentless vigour and
+gradually as the day wore on the temperature would rise to 120 degrees
+in the shade and 160 degrees in the sun and there was no shade. And
+this was not for a day or two days but week after week. After 9
+o'clock in the morning a death-like stillness would creep over
+everything, both sides suffering too much to be able to add any more
+suffering to each other. The stillness would be broken now and again
+by the crack of a sniper's rifle and one dare not look over the
+parapet. In the early mornings aeroplanes would fly over the lines but
+without any great show of activity on either side; the heat kept
+everything quiet. The very flies are scarce in the hottest months,
+only the sandflies torment one at night, and so the day gradually
+passes, and as one goes the round to see everything is in order and
+one sees the men stretched out in their dug-outs, reading, trying to
+sleep, very few talking and all suffering, one remembers with what
+irritation one had read in a famous London daily paper, a query--why
+the Mesopotamian Campaign had come to an end during the summer, why no
+advance was heard of. One longed to put the writer of that article
+over the parapet in the sun where within five minutes or less, he
+would have his question answered. At times, on a hot parching day
+lying in one's dug-out, one would hear a great flutter of wings as a
+flight of cranes or wild geese flew over our lines, immediately
+followed by a loud fusillade of rifle fire as the sentries endeavoured
+to bring one down; several times a goose was brought down, and I well
+remember the annoyance of an officer when a goose he had winged
+managed to flutter across into the Turkish lines. The heat was at the
+maximum between 2 and 3 when we could almost boil oil in the sun. At 4
+o'clock things livened up somewhat and at 5-30 everyone stood ready in
+the front line awaiting any possible attack but neither side showed
+any intention of attacking. Night duties were arranged, parapets had
+to be mended, new trenches dug, barbed wire put out and all the
+necessary work in connection with trench warfare continued. Officers
+patrols were regularly sent out into "No Man's Land" to examine the
+enemy's wire and find out if he were sapping forward. As the summer
+advanced the marsh receded on the left of the enemy's line, and this
+gave our scouts an opportunity to patrol and harass the Turks by
+penetrating in rear of their left flank. Much gallant work was done in
+this direction and much credit gained by the Regiment, for the Colonel
+considered that a good test of the fighting energy of a Company was
+the vigour of its patrol duties, and a good number of the Turkish
+sentries, I feel sure, agreed with him. The usual night "Hate" started
+about six when both sides opened fire, rifle and machine gun, on the
+opposite trenches, this was kept up all night, some nights would be
+more lively than others, some nights would be comparatively quiet,
+but now and again an artillery bombardment would take place, when we
+always seemed to give more than we got. Both we and the Turk were very
+free with rifle grenades, but what troubled us most was a special
+pattern of trench mortar that threw a heavy bomb over quarter of a
+mile. One night I remember one landed in and blew up the whole of the
+regimental cookhouse; luckily the cooks were sleeping elsewhere and it
+was only the dixies that suffered.
+
+[Illustration: The Tree Of Knowledge, Kurnah. Supposed Site Of The
+Garden Of Eden.]
+
+[Illustration: Ashar Creek.]
+
+I have always considered myself a very light sleeper, but one evening
+I had cause to come to another conclusion. I had just come off duty
+from the front line and was speaking to a brother officer outside my
+dug-out about 9 o'clock when suddenly we opened artillery fire on the
+Turkish position with considerable vigour, and they replied but in a
+milder form. I retired and lay down in my dug-out listening to the
+shells whistling above and praying to Providence that none would land
+on my sail cloth roof. In about half an hour the bombardment ceased
+and one wondered what damage had been done and how many lives lost. I
+then slept. At breakfast the next morning remarking on the bombardment
+I was asked "which"? "Which?" I replied, "why last night's of course,"
+"Yes, but the first or second?" "Well, I only heard one," I said. "Oh!
+another took place at midnight," I was informed. I had slept through
+it and had not heard a sound. So trench life must tire one out
+somewhat to enable one to sleep so soundly as to be unaware of a
+bombardment. On still nights when possible the very perfection of the
+night made men less inclined to fire rifles at each other's trenches.
+I used to hear a Turk singing. He had a deep rich voice and I often
+stood in the front line or in a communication trench listening to him
+as his voice carried across "No Man's Land" from the Turkish line 120
+yards away. It used to fascinate me quite a lot and one felt that
+under the eastern sky, in the land of Sinbad the Sailor and Omar
+Khayyam that war had not quite killed romance. I wonder what happened
+to that singer. I wonder if in the great push to Baghdad and beyond he
+was killed or if he is now singing to his fellow-prisoners in
+captivity in India, or if he is still cheering on his comrades in the
+front line further up the Tigris. I don't suppose one will ever know,
+but if he should ever read these lines I would like him to know he not
+only cheered his own side but gave pleasure to at least one of his
+enemies.
+
+[Illustration: The Ship Of The Desert Plays An Important Part In
+Mesopotamia.]
+
+[Illustration: Ruins Of "Old Bassorah."]
+
+We used to have three Officers' Messes when in the trenches. The
+Headquarters Mess presided over by the Colonel and two Company Messes,
+presided over by their respective Company Commanders. The Headquarters
+Mess was a very comfortable affair, a big dug-out, and made in such a
+way that ground formed the table in the middle and seats all around,
+the sides were well banked up with sand bags and outside a small ante
+room where one could sit and smoke in the evening, and the roof was
+the sky and a very wonderful sky during those long rainless cloudless
+months. Round about the Headquarters, the Colonel, the Adjutant, the
+Doctor, the Sergeant-Major, had their dug-outs, and the Mess did for
+Orderly Room also. The Company Messes were not so elaborate, and were
+situated nearer the front line and close to our own dug-outs. We
+endeavoured however to make ourselves as comfortable as possible,
+but for some reason or other the flies took a great liking to our
+Mess (No. 1 Company), and at any time day or night they were assembled
+in their hundreds on our canvas roof. We had a large war map fixed up
+on to the mud wall to enable us to follow events and we had occasional
+visits from the Padre and the Doctor, but it was not a healthy place,
+no part of the second line was; the second line was about a 100 yards
+behind the first, and for some reason it seemed to give the Turks much
+more pleasure to put their shells nearer to the second line than the
+first. I have picked small flowers growing on the front line parapet,
+but I have never seen any on the second. During my first spell in the
+trenches after being in the front line, I was put in charge of the
+reserves in the reserve trenches and spent three awful days and four
+awful nights in this position. The heat seemed to be worse here than
+anywhere. I had to spend my days in a small 40 lbs. tent lying on the
+ground gasping for air as the sun poured down with relentless fury. It
+was burning hot from the moment it rose till it set 14 hours after
+over the Arabian Desert. The men were slightly more fortunate in that
+they had a bigger tent, but they suffered also and it was at these
+times that one could not but admire the spirit of the 'British
+Soldier.' One seldom heard a complaint, of course they were "fed up"
+with the heat, everyone was the Archangel Gabriel would have been, but
+there was never any thought given to anything else but to "stick it at
+whatever cost." The officer in reserve was attached to the
+Headquarters Mess and so one was likely to get any news going. Lying
+in my tent reading, I now forget the name of the book, but I came
+across the passage which I will always remember "The writing which
+Nebuchadnezar saw on the wall." As I read that I felt convinced that
+Nebuchadnezar never saw any writing on the wall and when I reached the
+Mess that evening, the first one to come in was the Doctor and being a
+good Presbyterian I felt sure he would have this knowledge at his
+fingers' ends, so I asked him who saw the writing on the wall and he
+immediately replied "Nebuchadnezar". "Not at all," I said, and I told
+him I had just read the same thing in a book but felt convinced it was
+wrong, he felt certain the book was right. "Very well," I said, "I'll
+bet you, you are wrong," he accepted the bet. The Adjutant came in
+soon after and supported the Doctor. I now saw a veritable gold mine
+before me and he too was willing to back his knowledge against mine.
+We decided to refer the matter to the Colonel, so when he came in we
+asked his opinion. The Colonel was not only a gallant soldier but he
+was a cautious Scotchman. "Well," he said, "I think it was
+Nebuchadnezar, but I would not be willing to back too much on it." It
+is only necessary to turn to the 5th Chapter of Daniel to see who won
+the bets. That night sanction came for several N.C.O.'s and men to go
+on leave to India for a month. Sanction had been hanging fire for some
+time and the lucky ones were beginning to despair. My sergeant was
+among the lucky ones and I knew how pleased he would be when I got
+back and told him to report to Headquarters at 5 the next morning for
+leave to India. It was late when I got back, but little did he mind
+being disturbed to receive such news. I vouch for it that he slept
+well that night and did not oversleep himself in the morning. To those
+in France who get leave every three or four months it is impossible
+to understand what leave even to India once in one or two years
+means, but when the news comes that we can get leave for England, it
+will indeed be a red letter day for us all. I was so exhausted the
+next day with the heat that I was unable to appear at Mess. The
+Colonel sent up to find out what was wrong and wanted me to return to
+the rest camp at once, but I was not sufficiently done up for that,
+and I only relate this incident to show the thoughtfulness of the
+Commanding Officer for those under him.
+
+[Illustration: Quartermaster-sergeant HOBBS.]
+
+[Illustration: The Regimental Sergeant-major In The Trenches.
+Sergeant-major A. SMART, M.C.]
+
+[Illustration: Pipe Major KEITH.]
+
+[Illustration: No. 3 British General Hospital.]
+
+The next evening after the Regiment was relieved the reserves being
+the last to come out of the trenches, I found a horse waiting for me,
+on the Commanding Officer's instructions, so that I would not have the
+exertion of the march back to camp; that and similar incidents made
+our affection for our Commanding Officer a very real thing. But being
+in reserve had one compensation, in the early morning before the sun
+rose and just at dawn to lie and watch the wonderful colourings on the
+Pusht-i-Kuh Hills, colours changing every moment, was always
+pleasurable, and suddenly a shell would burst near the artillery
+position and one would know the daily Hate and Strafe had started, and
+shortly after the sun would rise. We spent some uncomfortable evenings
+being shelled in these trenches, and watching and waiting for them to
+burst was not an enjoyable occupation. There were no safe dug-outs to
+seek safety in, one had to stick it out wherever one was situated and
+hope for the best. The damage done was seldom great beyond knocking
+the trenches about a bit and these were soon repaired. Having been put
+in charge of a digging party one morning in the rearward area whose
+duty it was to widen and deepen a communication trench, I saw a good
+opportunity while the work was going on of looking for souvenirs in
+the shape of Turkish shell caps. So getting out of the trench I
+commenced a search and continued for some time but without success,
+when I was driven to seek shelter in the trench by a shell bursting in
+close proximity, they had evidently spotted someone walking about and
+opened fire, but it did not last for long. During our period in the
+trenches if there was very little doing, as was usually the case
+during the hot weeks, we were in turn sent down to the Depot three
+miles behind for two days' rest, and it was an absolute and complete
+rest. One had nothing whatever to do, get up at any time, go to bed at
+any time, complete relaxation, those two days were a great boon to us.
+To have absolutely nothing to do was a great luxury and anything out
+of the ordinary routine was enjoyable. During my spell of leave at the
+Depot one evening sitting round the Mess table which we had outside on
+account of the great heat, we were discussing the movements of the
+Regiment during the past 20 years and when I remarked that I had
+watched the Regiment embarking at Durban for India 15 years before,
+the Quartermaster said, "I was there and out of the whole Battalion
+that embarked that day, there are only two of us left with the
+Regiment, the Sergeant-Major and myself". I little thought as I
+watched the 2nd Battalion saying farewell to South Africa that 15
+years later I would share in some of its trials on the banks of the
+Tigris. Sitting in the Headquarters Mess in the evening, as I
+previously stated, one got all the news, about 8 o'clock the
+Quartermaster would appear having come up from the Depot in charge of
+the rations party and to make his report. The mails would be
+brought up by them too and if the English mail was due and had arrived
+with letters and papers great was the excitement. Our letters took
+about six weeks from England to the firing line, but we were allowed
+to send week-end cables at a very reduced rate, something like 6_d._ a
+word, and could send them off actually from the trenches on their long
+journey half across the world. The food, taking everything into
+consideration, was good, although of necessity it had to greatly
+consist of tinned and dried varieties and we suffered somewhat from
+lack of fresh vegetables. Later an improvement in this respect was
+effected.
+
+[Illustration: Scenes In The Trenches At San-i-yat.]
+
+[Illustration: The Filters.]
+
+[Illustration: Captain MACQUEEN, R.A.M.C., And His Aid Post.]
+
+[Illustration: Indian Water Carriers At San-i-yat.]
+
+A flag of truce was always an interesting event. A white flag would be
+prominently displayed by one side above the trench and kept there till
+the other side responded and also hoisted a flag, and two or three
+officers would go out from either side meeting in the middle of "No
+Man's Land" where the business was discussed. Sometimes it would be
+simply handing over a letter or letters; other times the business
+would take longer. A truce of some hours' duration would sometimes be
+arranged. The longest I remember was for 24 hours when we exchanged
+sick prisoners; but there was no fraternizing; we might sit on the
+parapet of our trench and the Turk would do the same; but there was no
+attempt made to be friendly; the Turk knew and so did we that within a
+few short months we would be at death grips with each other and that
+one side or the other would be driven out of the present strong
+positions we had taken up; but whichever side won, the losses of both
+would be great and so we sat and looked at each other during those
+short respites, and both sides adhered strictly to the truce. When it
+expired it was not safe to show even a helmet over the parapet. The
+Colonel told me that several times the same Turkish officer brought
+the flag of truce. He spoke French easily and said he had been
+fighting more or less continuously the last eight years--in the Iraq
+against Arabs, in Tripoli against the Italians, in Gallipoli, and now
+on the Tigris against the British. He had been wounded four times, and
+was again wounded and taken prisoner by us during the advance, 1917.
+In 1916 we were fighting a foe, elated by his success at Kut, and it
+was only after our victories in the spring of 1917, that he showed any
+signs of war weariness.
+
+One hot and sunny morning I was speaking to one of our sentries who
+had been watching a Turk appear above their parapet and had already
+had one shot at him and was waiting to get another and I had scarcely
+moved a 100 yards down the trench when the unfortunate sentry having
+looked over too far received a bullet clean through his head. Once or
+twice during the hot weather bombing parties went over for short raids
+but without very much success and very little advantage.
+
+I witnessed no instance of gas being used but precautions were taken
+and gas helmets issued with orders that they must always be carried
+whilst in the fire zone. Gongs were placed at intervals all along the
+front line and had to be sounded at the first alarm, but fortunately
+that alarm never came.
+
+[Illustration: The Regiment In The Trenches At San-i-yat.]
+
+[Illustration: In The San-i-yat Trenches.]
+
+[Illustration: Looking Towards The Turkish Lines At San-i-yat.]
+
+One of my duties was to buy stores for the Officers' Mess and the
+men's canteen and before Field Force Canteens were opened immediately
+behind the firing line it meant a trip down to Sheikh Saad about once
+a month, after the arrival of the canteen boat, of which we were
+duly notified. Buying was usually brisk but we generally got our fair
+share of anything going and the Regimental Canteen retailed to the men
+at just above cost price, everything was disposed of in a very short
+space of time as the things for sale were looked upon as luxuries and
+in great demand. On the morning of the anniversary of Loos the
+Commanding Officer addressed the Regiment and proclaimed the day a
+holiday stating that night a ration of whisky would be issued to
+commemorate the event. I heard afterwards that it was all the
+Sergeant-Major could do to keep the men from cheering, weeks and
+months had passed since the men had had anything stronger than tea to
+drink and this ration was much appreciated. Another very welcome event
+was the arrival of parcels from Lady Carmichael's Gift Fund in
+Calcutta. A great deal of gratitude is due to Lady Carmichael and her
+staff and the ladies of India for the way the fund was organised. They
+sent us shirts and shorts and towels and soap, razors, chocolates,
+mufflers, cigarettes, tobacco, tinned fruit and _chutney_. Certainly
+the best _chutney_ I ever tasted came in a gift, I remember it was
+home made and came from Assam and the maker's name written on the jar.
+I told the Mess Sergeant to write a special letter thanking the maker,
+thinking that by doing so some more might appear. But I am sorry to
+have to say, none did. As the summer began to draw to an end
+preparations had to be made for the winter. The terrific heat of the
+summer had gone and now the biting cold of winter had to be prepared
+for. If the coming winter was going to be anything like the previous
+one, then we were going to suffer; but preparations for it were in
+full swing. The Doctor gave an order for a supply of rubber water
+bottles for his aid post, whereupon a very liberal and kind-hearted
+officer cabled home for one for each officer. I don't know if anyone
+else used them for heat purposes. I know I used mine. Fifteen years in
+tropical climates has made the 'cold' one of my worst enemies, but if
+they were not used as hot water bottles they certainly were as air
+cushions; this same officer never neglected an opportunity of doing
+acts of kindness to his brother officers and men immediately under his
+command, and when he was eventually invalided to India he still
+remembered his friends and sent them delightful and much appreciated
+parcels.
+
+[Illustration: Qualat Saleh.]
+
+[Illustration: Rawal Pindi Hospital, Amara.]
+
+[Illustration: On The Banks Of The Tigris.]
+
+[Illustration: A Marching Post.]
+
+[Illustration: The Bridge At Arab Village.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+
+Everything was ready. The Regiment was in excellent form and fettle,
+highly trained and efficient, and the powers that be knew that it
+could be depended on to a man. The first rains had fallen and it was
+cool without being cold. Mesopotamia takes a long time to cool after
+the great summer heat and does not usually get very cold till January,
+and on December 13th the British offensive began on the right bank of
+the Tigris near Kut, and very severe fighting took place. It was not
+till February 1917 that the last Turkish position on this bank was
+captured. In the meantime, on the left bank, the position for the
+moment remained much the same. Limpits could not cling with greater
+tenacity to their native rock than the Turks stuck to their position
+at San-i-yat. It would seem as if nothing could drive them out from
+this, the strongest position in Mesopotamia. 'Xmas Day and New Year's
+Day were spent out of the trenches, but in the forward area. Events
+were moving rapidly on the other bank, but the marvellous secrecy with
+which the Commander-in-Chief kept all his plans inspired the greatest
+confidence in those under him. No one knew his plans; everything was a
+dead secret; it was even rumoured that his immediate staff were often
+kept in ignorance up to the last moment, but all ranks had confidence.
+On January 21st at 4 p.m. we struck camp at Faliyeh, crossed the river
+and for 10 days occupied a position along the Narrows from Chahela
+Mounds to near Beit-a-Essa, a distance of about five miles,
+establishing picquets along the line. This was a most welcome change.
+We had been on one side of the river for practically a whole year and
+new duties and new country broke the monotony. Each Company was
+divided up. Three Companies holding the line along the Tigris bank and
+the fourth in reserve. Casualties were very light and Captain Haldane
+did excellent work sniping and kept the enemy well in hand. The
+gunners were good enough to remark that a great change was noticeable
+since the line had been taken over by us; this was probably a little
+bit of flattery on the part of the Artillery men, but it was quite
+welcome. During these days the Commanding Officer was an unknown
+quantity as one never knew where he would next appear on the five-mile
+line. I think that he must have known every inch of it. We were
+relieved by another Highland Regiment and a very pleasant ten days
+came to an end with a march back across the river to the forward area
+and back to the now muddy trench at San-i-yat. It was now bitterly
+cold and uncomfortable at night and the mud in the trench almost as
+bad as the dust in the summer. Bombardments were of daily occurrence
+and the Turk must have had a most uncomfortable January. About the
+middle of February the Army Commander determined to make a combined
+attack with one force at the Shumran bend, and with one of our
+brigades at San-i-yat. The attack at San-i-yat was delivered by two
+Indian Battalions of our Brigade under great disadvantages, and though
+at first successful, the attackers were eventually compelled to
+withdraw back to our lines. Every officer and every man regretted
+that the Battalion had not been selected to take part in the attack in
+the first instance, and were eager to lead the Brigade in another
+assault. This indeed was the wish of the whole Brigade, and orders in
+fact were issued to that effect, but two days later, when every
+arrangement had been completed, it was decided to make the attack with
+a fresh Brigade and ours was withdrawn and held as a reserve.
+
+[Illustration: Scenes On The River Tigris.]
+
+[Illustration: A Post On The Tigris.]
+
+Before leaving the trenches, however, the Colonel ordered two
+officer's patrols to go out the last night to examine the enemy's wire
+and locate, if possible, the position of their machine guns, thinking
+thus to assist the attack of the coming Brigade. Of these patrols one
+was led by Lieut. Cowie and met with rather exciting adventures. Cowie
+and two scouts crawled across "No Man's Land" to within 20 yards of
+the Turkish trench without mishap. Then creeping along the enemy's
+wire they spotted a machine gun with the team standing beside it.
+Right into this group the three threw three grenades, wounding several
+Turks as we afterwards learned. Inevitably the alarm was given, rifle
+fire broke out in all directions and, before the patrol could make
+good their escape, Cowie and one of his men were hit. The Turks saw
+the two figures lying close to their own wire, jumped the parapet, and
+made both prisoners, and carried them within their lines. They were
+well treated, if not well fed, by their captors, and two days later
+when the retirement began were moved out of the Turkish hospital on to
+a steamer. This boat was one of two that when trying to escape some
+days later up the Tigris were captured, after a short but severe
+engagement, by our gunboats. Cowie, in the confusion of the fight,
+forced the pilot of his steamer to run her aground and, though most
+of the Turks effected their escape, Cowie and his orderly instead of
+continuing their journey to Aleppo, found themselves at General
+Headquarters attended to by several surgeons and Intelligence
+Officers, anxious to dress their wounds and hear their story.
+
+On the 22nd the attack was delivered by a battalion of Highlanders and
+a Punjabi battalion. Under a heavy artillery bombardment they gained
+the enemy's first line without much loss. Then after severe fighting
+they captured the enemy's second line and consolidated their position.
+The Turks made several counter attacks and though nothing could move
+the Highlanders, the position on the left was not quite secure. Our
+battalion was therefore ordered back to the trenches, and the Colonel
+obtained leave to send two platoons under Captain Young across to the
+Turkish position in order to strengthen the left of our new line.
+Captain Young was wounded, but the two platoons that night and the
+following day held the line down to the river where a counter attack
+was most expected.
+
+The Colonel asked leave to push forward that day, but it was not till
+nightfall that two battalions of our Brigade were ordered to pass
+through the other Brigade and take the enemy's 4th line. It was
+necessarily a slow business moving up unknown trenches at night, and
+the battalion on our left met with considerable resistance. However,
+if progress was slow it was sure, our patrols pushed steadily forward,
+the enemy's snipers were forced back and before dawn the whole
+San-i-yat position was in our hands, and the Turks in full retreat.
+Thus fell this position which for ten long months had held us up, and
+had claimed such a big toll of lives from both sides. The sky was
+clear and without cloud. The same sun shone out on victors as on
+vanquished, on pursued and pursuers. One wondered how often, ten
+months before, the gallant defenders of Kut had looked towards this
+position longing, hoping, praying for its capture which was only now
+accomplished. Meanwhile after very hard fighting the Tigris had been
+bridged at Shumran above Kut and our infantry was pouring across.
+Patrols of the 2nd Battalion were immediately sent forward towards the
+Nakhailat position some two miles further east and the two leading
+companies followed in attack formation. An Indian battalion conformed
+to our movements on the left, while the leading battalions of the
+other Brigade began to appear on our right rear. None of our men will
+ever forget the scene that morning, nor the feeling of freedom and
+elation as our lines passed over trench after trench now deserted by
+the Turks, and it was these trenches over which we were now so
+casually advancing that we had been anxiously watching from behind our
+parapet for nearly a year. It seemed increditable, but we passed by
+trenches filled with Turkish dead. We passed several of the heavy
+minenwerfers whose shells had been a source of such trouble and loss
+the last few months, and before 8 a.m. after some little sniping and
+the capture of a few prisoners the Nakhailat position was also ours.
+Here a pause was made by order of the General to give time to another
+Brigade to secure our right flank, and then in conjunction with the
+Indians on our left the Regiment advanced in attack formation with
+patrols well ahead against the Suwada position, but the crossing of
+the Shumran Bend the day before had rendered resistance impossible
+and, after a little firing and the capture of a few more prisoners,
+the last of the Turkish trenches fell into our hands before noon.
+
+The Divisional Commander now ordered a halt. An order doubtless
+necessary, but that was somewhat reluctantly obeyed, the troops being
+anxious to get in touch with their vanishing foe, and it was not till
+4 p.m. that an order came to send two patrols some four miles further
+north to the Horse Shoe lake. As it was uncertain what they might
+encounter the Commanding Officer sent forward four platoons and they
+reached the Nwhrwan Ridge without opposition. Our Colonel proposed
+that the rest of the Brigade should push forward after the enemy, but
+instead of this patrols were brought back about midnight, and it was
+not till the next day that the line of the Dahra Canal was taken up by
+the Division, the Turks by then being many miles to the north.
+
+On February 24th Kut fell in the hands of the British and the King
+cabled to the Army Commander:
+
+"I congratulate you and the troops under your command on the successes
+recently obtained, and feel confident that all ranks will spare no
+effort to achieve further success. It is gratifying to me to know that
+the difficulties of communications which hitherto hampered your
+operations have been overcome" George R.I.
+
+[Illustration: LUNN Has A Quiet Rest And Smoke.]
+
+[Illustration: B. H. LUNN And C. V. HENDRY.]
+
+[Illustration: Map: The Operations At Kut-el-amara, Showing The Wide
+Turning Movements South Of The River.]
+
+When some five months later I stood on the summit of Kut's famous
+minaret, from which Briton and Turk had each in their turn observed
+the enemy closing in on them, and from which one could see the
+junction of the Hai with the Tigris now very low, the ruins of what
+was the Liquorice Factory, and miles away Es Sinn and San-i-yat, it
+was impossible not to be impressed and to feel a certain sadness and
+yet a great admiration for all those lives which had been so freely
+given to uphold the honour of the flag and the dignity of the Empire,
+and how when failure after failure had dogged our steps, grit and
+perseverance had at last won the day, and success crowned our efforts.
+Kut was ours; it must have cheered those lonely prisoners in captivity
+in the fastnesses of Asia Minor when the news eventually leaked
+through that their defeat was avenged and that the flag which
+Townshend had been compelled to haul down once again flew over the
+small but famous village to the Banks of the Tigris.
+
+Pursuing is only slightly less arduous than being pursued, and in his
+despatches well might the Army Commander have quoted those famous
+words used centuries before by another great leader when an equally
+strenuous pursuit was in progress. 'Faint yet pursuing'. One has to
+remember that these same troops had been cooped up in trenches for
+nearly a year, and to suddenly be called upon to take a prominent part
+in such a pursuit as was now in progress was no ordinary strain. Not a
+man in No. 1. Platoon fell out on the march from San-i-yat to Baghdad,
+a record of which the platoon and its officer might well be proud. The
+going was bad, there was no road as one understands a road in England,
+it was plain flat open country. A stay was made at Dahra and then a
+night march carried us to Shumran, where there were signs of a cavalry
+fight and prisoners were being brought in.
+
+The Brigade had orders to clear the battlefield and booty of all
+kinds, guns and ammunition were collected, rifles which had been
+thrown away, as it is easier to run without one than with, and what
+little surplus kit the Turk possessed had been discarded, so that his
+flight might not be impeded; they were all out for Baghdad and we were
+all out after them, but we were out-running our Transport and
+Supplies, and the meals during the great pursuit were both scanty and
+irregular, but who cared, so long as we had enough to carry us on. All
+England was looking on, and day by day following our progress with
+feverish interest. "Is Baghdad going to be taken" was on everyone's
+lips. Beards were making their appearance even on the youngest
+soldiers' chins, numbers of men were being knocked up by the
+continuous strain and a four days' halt was called at Sheik Jaad, No.
+1 Company being sent forward to Beghailah. Still pressing forward we
+reached Azizie, 46 miles from Baghdad, and the total number of
+prisoners since the advance now mounted to well over 5,000. Turkish
+depots and stores at many points were in flames, 38 guns, many machine
+guns, trench mortars, ships, tugs and barges, miscellaneous river
+craft and bridging material fell into our hands.
+
+Booty was strewn over 80 miles of country and the Arabs living in the
+neighbourhood must have secured sufficient goods of various
+description to last them the rest of their lives.
+
+Zeur, Bustan, then Ctesiphon were all passed, there being no time or
+opportunity to stay and examine the famous arch. But as we halted for
+the night beside the magnificent ruin, one could but reflect on the
+ironies of a soldier's fortune. Here it was, long before the arch was
+built, that the Emperor Julian, marching from Constantinople, had been
+forced to halt his army, and met with disaster and death; and under
+the ruins of this great arch Townshend, advancing from Basra, had
+engaged in the battle that eventually brought his division to disaster
+and captivity. And now Maude, encamped for the night beside the
+ancient city walls, was pressing forward with his whole force to the
+capture of Baghdad and Samarra.
+
+[Illustration: Different Types Of Boats On The Tigris.]
+
+[Illustration: Sailing Boats On The Tigris.]
+
+The next morning, the 9th of March, we were glad of a short march to
+Bawi. The Division crossed the Tigris by a pontoon bridge that night;
+our Brigade being in reserve. After a hard march we reached Shawa
+Khan, the enemy retiring before us and our Brigade came under shell
+fire only. The following day was a very trying one. A gale was blowing
+right in our faces, and the dust was so thick that our movements on
+that day resembled some horrible night march. We manoeuvred the whole
+day, and twice the orders for attack were cancelled owing to the
+difficulty of gaining contact with the enemy. Towards evening we
+struck the Euphrates-Baghdad Railway and were preparing to attack when
+orders came postponing further movements till midnight. Never had any
+of us experienced such a dust storm. With great difficulty we brought
+up the 2nd Line Transport, filled the men's water bottles, and formed
+a Brigade bivouac. Movement was again postponed till 3 a.m. on account
+of the storm, though some of us thought it had been better to take
+advantage of the darkness and make the attack at once. At 3 a.m. our
+patrols were sent forward, the Battalion following in artillery
+formation. Right well led, the patrols pushed on meeting with no real
+resistance. When about a mile short of the Iron Bridge that crosses
+the Kharr Canal, the Colonel received a message that our leading
+patrol had gained the railway station in Baghdad before 6 a.m., that
+no Turks remained, and that we were driving out the Arabs with little
+difficulty. This information was immediately sent back to the Army
+Commander, and the Red Haeckle was the first British emblem seen in
+Baghdad. The Medical Officer of the Battalion observing a Turkish flag
+flying over a building, quickly climbed up and hauled it down. That
+flag is now a trophy of the Regiment.
+
+The Turks had fled, but all that morning firing continued both in the
+town and neighbouring palm groves, caused chiefly by Arabs and Kurds
+shooting and looting in all directions. The Brigade, under General
+Thompson, had the well deserved honour of marching through the city,
+and order and confidence was soon established. The Regiment took an
+outpost position on the north of the City towards Kadhimain, and very
+pleasant was the rest under the shade of the palm groves.
+
+The fall of Baghdad was a severe blow not only to the Turks but to the
+whole Quadruple Alliance, but how many who read that cheering and
+inspiring news on the morning of March 12th thought of the trials
+endured and overcome, thought of the sacrifices and losses that had
+been endured to make that news possible. How many knew of the advance
+in the blinding dust storm, when men gasped for air and water. How
+many knew of the fight on the Dialah when the Lancashires covered
+themselves with glory; these things are not always published but they
+were suffered, and suffered in such a manner that one felt it a
+privilege to belong to the same Regiment, Division or Army, and when
+the congratulatory message from the King, our Colonel in Chief, was
+read to the different regiments: 'It is with the greatest satisfaction
+that I have received the good news that you have occupied Baghdad. I
+heartily congratulate you and your troops on their success achieved
+under so many difficulties,' one knew that the Head of all our race
+understood and appreciated all that had been endured suffered, and
+accomplished.
+
+[Illustration: On Board A Paddle Boat Going Up The Tigris.]
+
+[Illustration: Kurnah, Supposed Site Of The Garden Of Eden. 124° in
+shade when this was taken.]
+
+[Illustration: Waiting For Another Boat To Pass.]
+
+[Illustration: Baghdad As It Exists To-day. Drawn from photographs and
+a plan provided by the National Electric Construction Company,
+Limited.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+THE BATTLE BEYOND BAGHDAD.
+
+By Brigadier-general A. G. WAUCHOPE, C.M.G., D.S.O.
+
+
+The following Chapter appeared in _Blackwoods Magazine_ for August
+1917:--'On the banks of the Tigris I am lying in the shadow of a palm,
+looking down the river on the brick walls and mud roofs, on the
+mosques and minarets of the city of Baghdad, and as I look I am lost
+in wonder. For although I am now lying in a grove of date-palms, it is
+fifteen months since I have seen a tree of any kind; it is fifteen
+months since I have seen a house or lain under a roof; and this girl
+coming towards me with hesitating steps, clothed in rags and patches,
+this little date-seller with her pale face and dark eyes, her empty
+basket resting on her small, well-shaped head--this is the first woman
+I have seen or spoken to for more than a year.'
+
+Perhaps it is the twilight which gives a feeling of mystery and beauty
+unknown in the glare and noise of midday, and I hardly know, as the
+Tigris seems to lose itself in the evening mists, above which the
+golden minarets of Kazimain still shine and glitter in the setting
+sun, whether I am truly in the land of reality or if I still linger
+but half awake in the realm of dreams and fancies, where stand the
+gates of horn and ivory.
+
+[Illustration: The Transport Officer.]
+
+[Illustration: Captain R. MACFARLANE, M.C. Killed In Action.]
+
+[Illustration: Arabs Bargaining On The Tigris Banks With Troops Going
+Up River. A brisk trade is done in eggs and fowls.]
+
+For to how many during the past two years has not flashed the dream of
+the capture of this city, Dar-al-Salam, the City of Security? And of
+those who have seen the vision, how many have wondered from which gate
+the dream has issued, and how many have been filled with confidence?
+For that vision has drawn many thousands from Basrah and Amarah--many
+who are now here in the hour of victory, many who now lie where they
+fell on the field of battle, and many who are still prisoners and
+captives.
+
+A few days ago, as the columns of the Army of Mesopotamia were
+hurrying past the great Arch of Ctesiphon, it was impossible not to
+think of the ---- Division arriving there some eighteen months
+earlier--that gallant ---- Division, war-worn and depleted in numbers
+but ever victorious, who found at Ctesiphon, in the hour of their last
+and most glorious victory, the beginning of their undoing and tragic
+end.
+
+What dream was it of a captured city, of a City of Security, that
+lured them to their doom, and who was the first dreamer? And who next
+saw the second dream of fresh battalions and a new organisation that
+would lead without fail to Baghdad, and had the gift to know that this
+dream, unlike the other, had passed through the gate of horn?
+
+So I mused but a week ago in the palm groves that had been ringing
+that very morning with rifle-shots, but seemed so quiet and peaceful
+in the evening light that I felt all the rush of the past pursuit was
+over, that our efforts had not only been crowned with success, but
+that a period of rest would now be given to man and beast. For the
+pursuit had been much more than merely a hot and dusty march of 120
+miles from San-i-yat to Baghdad.
+
+All through January and February the Army Commander had been preparing
+the way by a series of small victories which gradually drove the
+Turks, holding the right bank of the Tigris, across the Shatt-al-Hai,
+and a dozen miles above Kut. Then came the combined master-stroke on
+February 22 and 23. First, on the 22nd, came the successful attack on
+the San-i-yat trenches--the position that had held us at bay for a
+twelve month--the position that had finally checked our troops,
+struggling most bravely, but struggling in vain, for the relief of
+their comrades in Kut. This success drew several Turkish battalions to
+the help of the San-i-yat garrison, and so weakened the Turkish line
+elsewhere. And then at dawn, on the 23rd, came the crossing of the
+Tigris five miles above the Shatt-al-Hai--a crossing that will remain
+famous in history--when the bravery of the troops will not make one
+forget the careful preparation of the Commander and his skill in
+making success possible, by causing the Turk to mass his troops both
+above and below the actual point selected for crossing.
+
+This well-timed and brilliantly executed stroke had sent the Turk
+flying; but though in the two months' fighting he had lost over 8,000
+in prisoners and more than that number in killed and wounded, he was
+still able to fight a series of stubborn rearguard actions before the
+road was free to Baghdad. It was dawn on the 11th of March before the
+Highlanders, who were leading, reached the city, and an order to rest
+and be thankful had been welcome to troops more used to trench warfare
+than constant rapid marching in the open.
+
+[Illustration: Ezra's Tomb.]
+
+[Illustration: An Arab Village.]
+
+[Illustration: Fishing By Net On The Tigris.]
+
+[Illustration: Arabs Selling Produce On The Banks Of The River.]
+
+[Illustration: On The Banks Of The Tigris.]
+
+But when airmen brought intelligence that the enemy was holding an
+entrenched position some twenty miles north of the city, it was
+obvious that some of us must move up-river and drive him back.
+
+It was once remarked by an American officer, who had served throughout
+the Civil War, that he knew that every soldier in the army was always
+longing to be in the next battle. He knew this because it was so said
+by every general and so written by every newspaper editor. And yet,
+although he had served in several regiments during the war, he had
+always found that that particular itch was more lively in neighbouring
+units than in his own.
+
+So when orders arrived on the 13th of March for our Division to
+advance that night, our friends from other divisions congratulated us
+with what seemed almost undue heartiness on our good fortune in being
+selected, and the estimate of the numbers of the opposing Turks rose
+rapidly from five thousand to fifteen thousand. However, the estimated
+number finally settled down to about half that, with thirty guns, and
+these figures were subsequently substantiated by captured prisoners.
+
+These orders put an end to the peaceful enjoyment of the palm grove,
+and preparations were hurried forward. Blankets and waterproof sheets
+were all stacked, men and officers all carried their own great coats
+and rations for the next day, water-bottles were filled that
+afternoon, and enough water was carried on mules to refill them once
+the next day, and no more given to man or animal till the morning of
+the 15th. This should be borne in mind when judging of the
+difficulties overcome by the troops in this action, for the shade
+temperature on the 14th was about 80°, and there was no shade.
+
+The Turk certainly had judged it impossible for us to advance so far
+from the river, for we learned later that he had laid out the trace of
+most of his trenches between the river and the railway; but our main
+attack was delivered west of the railway, a success there forcing the
+withdrawal of the whole of his line.
+
+Save for several severe dust-storms the whole pursuit had been blessed
+with fine weather, and it was on a beautiful starlit night that our
+Division formed up along the railway for the march towards Mushaidie,
+a station some twenty miles north of Baghdad on the direct road to
+Berlin.
+
+Night marches, the text-book says, may be made for several reasons,
+but it does not suggest that one of these ever could be for pleasure.
+Constant and unexpected checks break the swing that counts so much for
+comfort on a long march; hurrying on to make up for lost ground,
+stumbling in rough places, belated units pushing past to the front,
+whispered but heated arguments with staff officers, all threaten the
+calm of a peaceful evening and also that of a well-balanced mind. Many
+a soldier sadly misses his pipe, which, of course, may not be lit on a
+night march; but to me a greater loss is the silence of those other
+pipes, for the sound of the bagpipes will stir up a thousand memories
+in a Highland regiment, and nothing helps a column of weary
+foot-soldiers so well as pipe-music, backed by the beat of drum. This
+march was neither better nor worse than its fellows, and we had
+covered some fourteen miles before we halted at dawn. Then we lay
+down, gnawed a biscuit, tasted the precious water in our bottles, and
+waited for what news airmen would bring of the enemy.
+
+[Illustration: The Course Of The Baghdad Railway.]
+
+[Illustration: Different Types In Mesopotamia.]
+
+The day is not wasted on which one has seen the sun rise--perhaps some
+of us changed the old saying, and felt the day would be well spent for
+him who saw the sun set,--for in war, however sure the victory, so
+also is the toll of killed and wounded, and the attack of an enemy
+entrenched in this country, as bare and open as the African veld, is
+done readily, gladly, but not without losses; and the time one thinks
+of these is not in the charge, not in the advance, but in the empty
+period of waiting beforehand. The needle pricks before, not during,
+the race. "Remember only the happy hours," and if the most glorious
+hour in life is the hour of victory in battle, so are the hours
+preceding battle among the most depressing. I confess, as we sat there
+idle in the chill dawn, my mind was filled not only with the hope of
+victory and captured trenches, but with memories of past scenes in
+France and Mesopotamia, and of a strip of ground the evening after
+Magersfontein, each battlefield dotted with little groups of men lying
+rigid, each marked with lines of motionless forms.
+
+Action quickly dispels such thoughts, and we all welcomed the definite
+news that was at last brought of the enemy, and our orders for a
+farther advance. One brigade was immediately sent forward on the east
+side of the railway in order to press back the advanced parties of the
+enemy on their main position, some six miles north of our present
+halting place. A brave sight it is to see a brigade deploying for
+action. Even though the scarlet doublet has given place to the khaki
+jacket, though no pipes sound and no colours are unfurled, the spirit
+still remains; the spirit that in old days led the British line to
+victory still fills these little columns scattered at wide intervals
+over the plain, these little columns of Englishmen, Highlanders,
+Indians, and Gurkhas. The brigade pushed forward for a mile or two
+without opposition, then little puffs of white smoke bursting in the
+air showed that the Turk had opened the battle with salvoes of
+shrapnel; the little columns quickly spread out into thin lines, and
+our batteries trotted forward and were soon themselves engaged in
+action. So far the scene had been clear in every detail, but now as
+the day advanced, the dust from advancing batteries, the smoke and
+mirage, formed a fog of war that telephones and signallers could only
+in part dispel.
+
+The mirage in Mesopotamia does not so much hide as distort the truth.
+The enemy are seldom altogether hidden from view, the trouble is
+rather to tell whether one is observing a cavalry patrol or an
+infantry regiment, or if the object moving forward is not in reality a
+sandhill or a bunch of reeds. The mirage here has certainly a strange
+power of apparently raising objects above the ground-level. I remember
+well from a camp near Falahiyah the Sinn Banks, which are perhaps
+thirty feet above the plain, were quite invisible in the clear morning
+air, but about noon they were easy to distinguish as a cloudy wall
+swaying to and fro in the distant haze. Nor shall I forget the
+instance of an officer who once assured me he had observed five Arab
+horsemen within a mile of our column: we rode forward, and soon the
+five shadowy horsemen gave place to five black crows hopping about by
+the edge of the Suwaicha marsh. But the most curious illusion I have
+seen in this way was looking towards the Pusht-i-Kuh hills across the
+marsh from San-i-yat. The foothills, some thirty miles distant, had
+sometimes the appearance of ending in abrupt white cliffs such as
+one sees at Dover. The cause of this was a great number of dead fish
+which had been stranded as the marsh receded, and their white bellies,
+a mile away, gave the appearance of white cliffs to the base of the
+Persian hills, which in reality slope very gradually down to the level
+of the Tigris valley.
+
+[Illustration: Arab Girl Labourers.]
+
+[Illustration: The Barber.]
+
+[Illustration: Washing Clothes.]
+
+So in Mesopotamian battles, little can be trusted that is seen, and to
+gain information of the enemy commanders are bound to rely on reports
+by aeroplane, messengers, and telephones.
+
+The battle now before us was to be fought over ground typical of the
+Tigris valley and the desert into which it merges. There are no hills,
+trees, or any distinguishing features, but the strip nearest the
+river, varying from one to several miles in breadth, is cultivated and
+intersected with irrigation channels, some six feet, some six inches,
+in width and depth. These are invaluable as cover to troops on the
+defensive, and almost impassable to transport carts. It was here the
+enemy had expected us, and was holding numerous trenches between the
+river and the railway; but our commanders wisely waited till their
+information was complete, and then decided to make our main attack on
+the enemy's extreme right, some six miles from the river. The ground
+in this part is a wide open desert, bare and level except for a few
+low sandhills; but in the dips and hollows below the sandhills the
+khaki-coloured desert changes into a thick growth of fresh green
+grass, dotted with countless daisies and dandelions, and a little
+white flower resembling alyssum giving a sweet smell to all the
+countryside. Some five miles beyond our halting-place a definite ridge
+runs east and west across the railway, and ends in a low sugar-loaf
+hill about forty feet high. This ridge was reported to be entrenched
+and held by the Turk, and this ridge we were ordered to attack and
+capture.
+
+Our first brigade had moved forward on the east side of the railway,
+but had been eventually held up mainly by enfilade artillery fire
+coming from positions stretching nearer to the river than to the
+railway. The whole brigade was now lying stretched out in extended
+order some three thousand yards ahead of us, with the left regiment
+touching the railway embankment. Our brigade had followed for some
+miles in their tracks, but was now ordered to cross to the western
+side of the railway by a small culvert and form up for the main attack
+some three or four miles south of the enemy's position. This was done
+without difficulty, the third brigade of our Division being held in
+support on our left rear.
+
+After the orders and dispositions had been explained to every man,
+magazines were charged, and the Highland regiment deployed into attack
+formation in four lines of half-platoons in file. A battalion of
+Gurkhas was deployed on our left, and the third battalion of the
+brigade was formed up in rear of the Gurkhas. The main attack was thus
+to be delivered on a narrow front of five hundred yards, the
+machine-gun company being held in readiness to support the assaulting
+battalions as occasion offered. The first-line transport with the
+reserve ammunition halted near the culvert through which we had
+crossed the railway, but both our reserve ammunition and our Aide Post
+were brought forward as the attack developed.
+
+[Illustration: Indian Cavalry Watering At Arab Village.]
+
+[Illustration: Landing Stores At Arab Village.]
+
+[Illustration: The Great Bund Built To Keep Back The Marsh At
+Falahiyah.]
+
+[Illustration: The Liquorice Factory, Kut.]
+
+[Illustration: The River At Kut.]
+
+[Illustration: Drawing Water At Kut.]
+
+[Illustration: View From The Kut Minaret Towards The Hai.]
+
+[Illustration: Kut.]
+
+[Illustration: Progress Is Being Made At Kut, It Now Has Its
+Municipality.]
+
+[Illustration: Townshend's Trenches, Kut.]
+
+[Illustration: Looking Towards Kut.]
+
+[Illustration: The Kut Minaret.]
+
+At 3-30 p.m. we advanced, and soon had passed the two field batteries
+covering our front, and reached, without opposition, the lines of the
+first brigade extended on the east side of the railway. About four
+o'clock our patrols reported that the enemy was holding not only the
+main ridge that joins Sugar Loaf Hill with the railway embankment, but
+also a broken line of low sandhills a few hundred yards in front of
+the main position. At the same time some shrapnel burst over our
+leading platoons, and a party of Turks, directly on our left, opened
+long-range rifle fire. The battalion halted under cover of some
+sandhills, the final orders were issued, and half a company and two
+machine-guns were sent to clear the enemy firing from our left flank.
+
+Happily the latter retired at once when fired on, and the battalion
+advanced in perfect order, the small columns extending into line as
+the enemy's rifle fire grew more and more severe. The Turkish
+batteries now kept up a regular fire of both shrapnel and
+high-explosive shell, but these detonated badly, and our losses on
+this account were small. A _rafale_ of shrapnel will of course destroy
+any infantry moving in the open, but intermittent shelling, although
+it appears to be terribly destructive, will not stop resolute troops
+determined to press forward. But the farther we advanced the more
+evident it became that Sugar Loaf Hill was the key of the position. It
+stood seven or eight hundred yards west of the railway, and the
+enemy's riflemen from the entrenchments on top brought a deadly
+enfilade fire to bear on our advancing lines. The Gurkhas moving in
+echelon on our left escaped this, but to meet it and to dominate the
+enemy's fire, the Highlanders were compelled to extend to the left,
+their supporting platoons being used to fill up the gap. Two
+machine-gun sections also pressed gallantly forward, and in spite of
+continual and heavy losses from now onwards, did much to help us to
+gain superiority of fire over the enemy.
+
+The battle was now divided into two parts. On our left the Turks had
+been forced to retire from their advanced positions, but on the right
+they still held some trenches among the broken ground near the
+railway, two hundred yards in advance of the main position on the
+ridge; but on the right our losses had not been so severe, nor was our
+line so extended.
+
+On the left the Turk occupied no advanced positions, but he outflanked
+our line, and the enfilade fire from his commanding positions was
+causing such losses that it seemed impossible for our men to continue
+the advance without strong artillery support. Unfortunately this was
+not forthcoming at the time, because our covering batteries had found
+they were at extreme range, and were now in the act of moving to a
+more forward position. If an attacking line wavers and halts within
+close range of an enemy entrenched, that attack is _done_ until
+supports come up and give it again an impetus forward. But there were
+now few supports available, and the moment most critical.
+
+Yet all along our front small sections of Highlanders still continued
+to rise up, make a rush forward, and fling themselves down, weaker
+perhaps by two or three of their number, but another thirty yards
+nearer the enemy. Now the last supports pressed into the firing line,
+and as one leader fell, another took his place. One platoon changed
+commanders six times in as many minutes, but a lance-corporal led the
+remaining men with the same dash and judgment as his seniors.
+
+[Illustration: The Assistant Adjutant.]
+
+[Illustration: Captain W. A. YOUNG, Commanding No. 2 Company.]
+
+[Illustration: The Money Changer]
+
+It was at this time our Lewis gun teams lost so heavily. The weight of
+the gun and the extra ammunition carried renders their movements
+slower than that of their comrades, and consequently the teams offer a
+better target as well as one specially sought for by the enemy. The
+officer in charge, Lieut. Gillespie, had brought up two of our guns in
+the endeavour to subdue the fire from Sugar Loaf Hill, but at the very
+moment of giving the range his left arm was shattered. He had been
+light-weight champion of India, and as he now continued fighting, I
+could not but compare him to his famous predecessor in the Ring, who
+carried on the fight with one arm broken. I know those brave, brown
+eyes of his never flinched in pain, nor wavered in doubt, as he made
+his way back, not to the Aide Post, but in order to bring forward two
+more guns for the same purpose. But, alas! while directing their fire
+he was seen by some Turkish riflemen and fell, never again to rise,
+his breast pierced by two bullets.
+
+A number of staff and artillery officers witnessed this attack by a
+Highland regiment. Some were chiefly impressed by so much individual
+gallantry, others at the example of what can be achieved by collective
+determination. Was it the result of hard and constant training,
+perfect discipline, or _esprit de corps_ that at this moment of trial
+made these thin extended lines work as if by clockwork to their own
+saving and the victory of our arms?
+
+It was during this advance of five hundred yards that the regiment met
+with its heaviest losses. With four officers and half his men killed
+or wounded, and an enemy machine-gun pouring a continuous stream of
+bullets on to the remainder, the situation is not a happy one for a
+company sergeant-major, and this was the situation which the young
+Sergeant-Major Ben Houston of our left company had now to face. He
+turned round, as so often in battle one does turn round, hoping to see
+supports pushing forward, and a bullet seared an ugly line across both
+shoulders. Without waiting, he led his men on, and another bullet
+struck his bayonet; fragments cut his face and made his eye swell, so
+that he could not see out of it. Yet when I met him at midnight after
+the last charge, he told me much of the battle and nothing of his
+wounds. High praise is due to those who, although weakened by wounds,
+continue fighting and undertaking fresh responsibilities.
+
+The company next on the left fared little better, but these two
+companies forced the enemy back, and occupied the low sandhills some
+two hundred yards in advance of his main position, and there waited,
+by order, before making the final assault. The left company lost two
+signallers killed, and the next company had four signallers all
+wounded in the act of calling for more ammunition. Ammunition was
+brought up, but, though many brave men fell and many brave deeds were
+done, nothing was carried out with greater bravery, nothing
+contributed more to our success, than the maintenance of communication
+throughout the battle.
+
+[Illustration: No. 1 Company Prepares For Inter-company Cross-country
+Run.]
+
+[Illustration: Highland Games On The Tigris Front.]
+
+[Illustration: The Last Meal In Camp.]
+
+[Illustration: The Men's Field Kitchen.]
+
+[Illustration: Staff Of Officers' Mess At San-i-yat.]
+
+[Illustration: Loading Up The Kits.]
+
+The left half battalion, reduced to less than half of its original
+numbers, was in need of help. This help it now gained from the action
+of the companies on the right. Undismayed by the enemy shell and rifle
+fire, these two companies, gallantly assisted by the Indian battalion
+on the east side of the railway, pressed forward, and at five o'clock
+charged the enemy, and drove him out of his advanced trenches at the
+point of the bayonet. The very quickness of the manoeuvre had
+ensured its success, though it was only achieved with considerable
+loss to ourselves as well as to the Turk. But the gain was great.
+Small parties of Highlanders now crept forward among the sand-dunes,
+two Lewis guns were taken to the east side of the railway embankment,
+and a hot enfilade fire was brought to bear on the enemy main
+position. So effective was this that the Turks were forced to evacuate
+the ridge for some 400 yards nearest the railway, and even from Sugar
+Loaf Hill his fire weakened, and the relief to our left half battalion
+and to the Gurkhas was correspondingly great. Streams of wounded Turks
+were also seen passing from the ridge to the rear: it was not only the
+British who suffered losses on the 14th of March.
+
+The situation was now greatly in our favour, and it only wanted a
+final charge to complete the success. But this assault could not be
+made without either artillery support or the arrival of fresh troops
+to fill up our depleted and extended ranks. Our Colonel, therefore,
+ordered all companies to wait in the positions they had gained, but to
+be ready to charge immediately after the batteries had bombarded the
+enemy trenches. Consequently, during the next hour both sides remained
+on the defensive.
+
+Little ironies pursue us through life; in battle Death sometimes comes
+with a touch so swift and so ironical that we are made to fear God
+truly.
+
+Englishmen have learned now the meaning of the saying, dear to the
+French soldier, "de ne pas s'en faire," and in the lull of battle
+before the bombardment, Sergeant Strachan and Cleek Smith talked of
+old times. There had been nine Strachans in the regiment when we
+landed in France two and a half years ago, one of whom was then my
+orderly. "Any news this morning?" I would sometimes ask.--"Nothing
+much, sir, only another of the Strachans was killed last night." My
+orderly had become a sergeant, but the other eight were no longer with
+the battalion. They had all left, "on command." "Yes," said Cleek
+Smith, "I wonder why it is so many poor chaps get it the minute they
+join the regiment, while fellows like you and me go through one show
+after another and never get a scratch." Scarce a bullet was fired
+during that half-hour, yet as a full stop to his question came one
+that found a way to that gallant heart, which had never failed him in
+the most critical fight, nor on the most dangerous duty when out
+scouting. Cleek Smith, you know the answer now to an even greater
+Riddle than the one you put to the last of the Strachans. No man
+liveth unto himself, and whoever dies in battle, dies for his
+regiment, his country, and the cause.
+
+The telephone plays an important part in open warfare, as it does in
+the trenches, and though the Brigade Signalling Officer and many of
+his men were killed, intermittent communication was kept up throughout
+the battle between the battalion, the covering batteries, and the
+Brigade Commander. The value of this was now extreme. By telephone our
+Colonel communicated his intentions to the firing line, and thus
+prevented those sporadic attacks by independent platoons, at once so
+gallant, so ineffective, and so deadly in losses. By telephone he
+explained the situation to the Brigadier, who ordered up half a
+battalion of another Highland regiment, old friends of ours, but never
+more wanted than now, and by telephone he arranged that the
+batteries should bombard as heavily as possible the trenches on the
+right of Sugar Loaf Hill, the bombardment to begin at 6.25 and to last
+for six minutes.
+
+[Illustration: Sergeant-major I. E. NIVEN.]
+
+[Illustration: Interior Of A Hospital Ward In Mesopotamia.]
+
+During this hour rifle fire grew less and less, artillery firing
+ceased. High above the battlefield some crested larks were singing,
+even as they sing on a quiet evening over the trenches in France, as
+they sing over the fields at home. A few green and bronze bee-eaters
+hovered almost like hawks over the sand-dunes, and a cloud of
+sandgrouse were swinging and swerving across the open ground that
+divided Highlander from Turk. The wind had died quite away, and a
+scent of alyssum filled the air. There was no movement among the
+troops, there was none even among the slender wild grasses of the
+plain. The sun, that had been blazing all through the day, now hung
+low in the western sky. The sound of battle was dying, even as the day
+was dying. "The world was like a nun, breathless in adoration." And we
+soldiers, absorbed in this remote corner of the world war, intent on
+the hour immediately before us, lay there breathless in expectancy.
+Suddenly our 18-pounders opened gun fire. With rare precision shrapnel
+burst all along the enemy trenches, and at 6-30, as the shelling
+slackened in intensity, the Highlanders rose as one man, their
+bayonets gleaming in the setting sun, and, with the Gurkhas on their
+left, rushed across the open. There was little work for the bayonet.
+The Turk fled as our men closed, and the position so long and hardly
+fought for was won.
+
+The Highlanders had gained their objective, but had lost heavily in
+officers and men. The remainder were exhausted by the labours of the
+past twenty-four hours and by lack of water; but when orders came to
+push forward and capture Mushaidie railway station there was no
+feeling of doubt or hesitation. Some time was spent in re-organisation,
+in bringing up and distributing reserve ammunition; the two left
+companies were amalgamated, and an officer detailed to act with the
+right wing of the Gurkhas, since that battalion, though it had not
+suffered such heavy losses in men, had only two officers left
+unwounded. The two companies of the supporting Highland battalion now
+arrived and were detailed as a reserve to our attacking line. The
+third regiment of our brigade had been operating far out on the left
+flank, and were now occupying Sugar Loaf Hill, from which they had
+driven the last remaining Turks, and the Indian regiment on the right
+of the railway, which had fought so well with us throughout the
+battle, received orders to halt for the night.
+
+And thus we advanced alone; but though hungry, thirsty, weary, worn,
+there was full confidence among all ranks, and one resolve united
+all--the determination to press forward and complete the rout of the
+enemy.
+
+A mile ahead we passed a position, strongly entrenched but luckily
+deserted by the Turks, and it was not for another two miles, when our
+patrols came close to the station, that the enemy was reported in any
+numbers. There the patrols described a scene of considerable
+confusion. A train was shunting, and many Turks rushing about and
+shouting orders. Our patrols were working half a mile ahead of the
+regiment, so in spite of every effort it was half an hour later before
+we filed silently past the station, formed up once again for the
+attack, and charged with the bayonet. The enemy fired a few shots, one
+of our men and a few Turks were killed and a few more made prisoners;
+but the rest fled and disappeared into the night, leaving piles of
+saddlery, ammunition, and food behind them. But the last train had
+left Mushaidie, and with it vanished our hopes of captured guns and
+prisoners. However, we had achieved the task allotted to us, and the
+moment the necessary pickets had been posted the rest of us forgot
+exhaustion, forgot victory, in the most profound sleep.
+
+[Illustration: No. 1 Company Early Morning Parade Outside Samarra.]
+
+[Illustration: Trenches At Samarra.]
+
+[Illustration: Bathing In The Tigris.]
+
+[Illustration: The Pioneers Of The Regiment In Summer Kit.]
+
+[Illustration: Samarra.]
+
+We had achieved our task, and, as the corps commander wrote, we had
+made the 14th of March a red-letter day for all time in the history of
+the Regiment. I have told the story of these thirty hours of
+continuous marching and fighting from the point of view of a
+regimental officer. This is in battle, some say always, very limited
+in outlook. But certain things are shown clear. Waste of energy brings
+waste of life and victory thrown away. A regimental leader has, with
+his many other burdens, to endure the intolerable toil of taking
+thought, and of transmitting thought without pause into action. And
+those who work with him are not mere figures, not only items of a
+unit, but are intimate friends whose lives he must devote himself to
+preserve, whose lives he must be ready to sacrifice as freely as his
+own. It is well that we neither know nor decide the issues of life and
+death. There is, I think, a second meaning in the oft-quoted line of
+Lucretius, _Nec bene promeritis capitur_, _nec tangitur ira_. Our
+prayers are not attended to perhaps because of their very foolishness.
+I believe when we congratulate ourselves after a battle that we and
+our friends are still in the land of the living, that in some
+mysterious way there may be a counterpart on the other side of the
+veil--that there may be welcome and rejoicing also on behalf of those
+who have passed through the portals of death. Although every mother's
+son of us must experience a feeling of dread in stepping alone into
+the night that no man knows, must be filled with sorrow and move with
+a heavy heart when his comrades and those filled with the glory of
+youth and promise depart, still we can, all of us, also feel thankful
+for the loan of their help and strength. Two years of war, two years
+of living constantly in the presence of death, has brought to me, as
+it has brought to many, the assurance that it is well equally with
+those who remain here as it surely is with those who pass away. And we
+have no other answer to the last question ever asked by Cleek Smith.
+"It is only after the sun hath set that the owls of Athenae wing their
+flight." The following day the battalion remained at Mushaidie; a dust
+storm was blowing and many reports came in of the enemy returning to
+make a counter-attack. But his defeat had been too severe and he made
+no real resistance again till we encountered him a month or so later
+some 30 miles further north near Istabulat. Meanwhile our brigade
+received orders to concentrate on the Tigris at the Babi Bend, some
+six miles east of Mushaidie. A pleasant week of comparative rest was
+spent there and then, there being no signs of the enemy, we were
+withdrawn to our old camping ground in the palm groves, that line the
+river bank between Kazimain and the City of Baghdad. The
+re-organisation of our platoons after the recent losses was completed,
+and fresh equipment and clothing issued. Two companies were split up
+on outpost duty, but even so time was found for military training and
+for some visits to the City, an equal pleasure to officers and men.
+The Colonel was sent for to Army Headquarters, and General Maude
+was most complimentary to the Regiment for their great fight.
+
+[Illustration: Tent Pitching.]
+
+[Illustration: The Cultivation Of The Date Palm At Basrah.]
+
+In April the division moved forward, and the brigade again marched
+past the Babi Bend, northward of Mushaidie to Beled Station, where we
+had a few days' halt and some of us shot a number of sandgrouse.
+Thence we pressed on till we overtook the Turks entrenched beyond the
+Median Wall, holding a strong position about Istabulat. From this it
+was necessary to drive them, our objective being the railhead at
+Samarrah.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+THE BATTLE THAT WON SAMARRAH.
+
+The following article by Brigadier-General A. G. Wauchope, C.M.G.,
+D.S.O., is here republished with permission:
+
+
+There stretches, some sixty miles north of Baghdad, from the Tigris to
+the Euphrates, a famous fortified line known to the Greeks as the
+Median Wall. It is skilfully constructed in tiers of mud bricks to a
+height fully thirty feet above the level of the plain, the whole has
+been covered over by a thick layer of earth protecting the bricks
+these many centuries from wind and weather, for the Median Wall is, so
+some say, the oldest building in all the world. It formed certainly
+the outer line of the defences of the Kingdom of Babylon under
+Nebuchadnezzar II, when it ran from Opis on the Tigris to Hit on the
+Euphrates and this line in far earlier times marked the boundary
+between the two ancient peoples of Akkad and Sumer, and was probably
+even then a fortification of first importance.
+
+However that may be, it stands to-day the most prominent landmark in
+all this district of the Tigris valley; though broken, tumbledown
+mounds represent the great wall towards the Euphrates, for many miles
+near the Tigris it stands without a break, with strong projecting
+bastions to give flank defence every forty or fifty yards, and at
+wider intervals the wall rises so as to form some sort of keep or
+watch tower.
+
+[Illustration: Date Palm Scenes Below Basrah.]
+
+[Illustration: T. HENDERSON. M.C. G. V. STEWART. C. RYRIE.]
+
+[Illustration: At Arab Village.]
+
+[Illustration: Undepressed.]
+
+Whoever built the great wall built it for the purposes of war, and no
+building, I venture to say, has ever had so many battles fought within
+its neighbourhood. Every race through every age, Aryan and Turanian,
+Babylonian and Assyrian, Median and Persian, armies from Greece and
+armies from Rome, have, during the past thousands of years,
+slaughtered each other with extraordinary thoroughness below these mud
+bastions; and more recently, but with the same seeming futility, Turk
+has murdered Arab and Arab Turk, the destruction of villages, mosques
+and canals marking, as of old, the soldiers sacrifice to the God of
+War.
+
+Standing this morning on these ancient ramparts, I watch the sun rise
+over this land which, once so rich and fertile, now shows hardly a
+sign of human habitation, this country where not a tree nor a house
+has been allowed for many years to stand, over which the blight of
+misrule has lain as a curse for centuries and I see yet one more army
+going forth to battle; once again columns of armed men sweep forth to
+encounter similar columns, to kill and to capture within sight of the
+Median Wall. And watching these columns of Englishmen and Highlanders,
+of Hindus, Gurkhas and bearded Sikhs advancing to the coming conflict,
+one felt the conviction that this struggle was being fought for the
+sake of principles more lofty, for ends more permanent, for aims less
+fugitive, for issues of higher service to the cause of humanity, than
+those that had animated the innumerable and bloody conflicts of the
+past.
+
+The delta of the Tigris ends a few miles below Samarrah. That is to
+say, whoever holds the district about Samarrah controls the waters of
+the Tigris. For lower down in the Baghdad valaiyet the river in its
+annual flood deposits so much mud on its bed as to raise itself in
+course of centuries, above the level of the plain. Consequently,
+artificial banks about three feet high have been built all along the
+river, and were these to be cut during the flood season, the whole
+surrounding country would be inundated and the spring crops destroyed.
+This renders the districts of Samarrah of great natural importance,
+and the fact that the Germans had completed a railway between Baghdad
+and Samarrah, made it also desirable for the British to hold it.
+
+The country here differs little from the rest of the Tigris valley,
+the same level plain of loam and mud, a strip of two or three miles
+nearest the river highly irrigated, and at this season, green with
+young corn and barley; further afield the bare, brown, featureless
+desert stretching out endlessly in every direction. Dawn and dusk
+transform this shadowless wilderness into a land of the most wonderful
+colour and atmosphere, but throughout the heat of the day the glare
+and dust make it hateful to white men. And even in April, the shade
+temperature runs to 110 degrees Fahrenheit, and where troops march in
+this country without trees there is no shade from the sun, no escape
+from the heat.
+
+[Illustration: The Arch Of Ctesiphon.]
+
+[Illustration: The Regiment Passing The Arch Of Ctesiphon En Route For
+Baghdad, March 1917.]
+
+[Illustration: Women Drawing Water From The River.]
+
+[Illustration: "Gufas'" Or Circular Boats At Baghdad.]
+
+[Illustration: The Entrance To The Mosque Kadhimain.]
+
+Besides the Median Wall, there remain two outward and visible signs of
+the older civilisation that flourished in happier times. There are, at
+frequent intervals, low flat mounds composed of old sunbaked bricks
+the sites of ancient cities; so numerous are these that they seem to
+justify the Chaldean proverb, boasting of the prosperity of the
+people, that a cock may spring from house to house without lighting on
+the ground from Babylon to the sea. The other are the walls of the
+canals that served to irrigate the country between the two rivers.
+These canals have for centuries past been dry and useless, but their
+walls, twenty or thirty feet high, and many miles in length, remain as
+the most conspicuous monument of the fallen greatness of Mesopotamia.
+That they will again be put to their original purpose was the
+confident assertion of Sir William Willcocks, and with Turkish misrule
+finally banished from the land, a few years may see these canals again
+filled with water, bringing wealth and plenty to a happier generation.
+But to-day they seem to have but the one use of acting as tactical
+features on the battlefield, as was indeed the case in this fight near
+Istabulat.
+
+For some days before the 31st April, the British had been collecting
+behind the Median Wall, facing the Turkish position which lay some
+three miles to the north of the Wall, and some twelve miles south of
+Samarrah.
+
+A very well selected position it proved, and a very difficult one to
+attack. The Turkish left rested securely on a re-entrant bend of the
+Tigris. Thence the line ran east and west across the Dujail River, and
+continued for a mile along a dry canal, until it met the railway a
+little to the north of Istabulat station. Both the Railway and the
+Dujail run roughly north-west to south-east, but the Tigris towards
+Samarrah bends due west. Consequently the Turks by refusing their
+right were able to rest that flank on the ruins of the ancient city of
+Istabulat. These ruins consisted of some low mounds and the high walls
+of an old canal that had run from the Tigris across the present line
+of the Railway four miles to the north of the station. The whole
+country was absolutely flat and bare, except for the broken and uneven
+walls of the Dujail River and Istabulat Canal.
+
+The so-called Dujail River is a canal that takes off from the right
+bank of the Tigris some four miles north of the Median Wall. It has
+been dug and re-dug, till it now flows below the level of the
+surrounding country, but its walls are fully twenty feet high, and so
+form the one dominant tactical feature of the level Tigris plain in
+this district. A couple of miles south of Istabulat station, the
+Dujail cuts through the Median Wall about a mile to the east of the
+Railway, which runs from Baghdad through the Median Wall, past
+Istabulat, and so on to Samarrah.
+
+By the 18th April, the British were holding that part of the Median
+Wall that runs roughly for a couple of miles eastwards from the Dujail
+River to the River Tigris, other troops, also in rear of the Median
+Wall, continued our line on the west bank of the Dujail, and a third
+body was held in reserve. The open nature of the country, and the
+difficulty of distinguishing the enemy's main position from his
+advanced trenches, made the problem of attack uncommonly difficult,
+and the thorough bombardment of his trenches before assault almost
+impossible.
+
+The key to the position was obviously the high double wall of the
+Dujail River. These walls are a hundred to a hundred and fifty yards
+wide at the top, and being very broken and uneven give some cover to
+skirmishers in attack or defence. An attack along this line is also
+made somewhat easier by a small ridge of sandhills that had
+originally formed the walls of an old canal, which flowed in earlier
+centuries between the Tigris and the Dujail. Photographs taken by our
+airmen showed that the Turks had strengthened their line where it
+crossed the Dujail, by building a strong redoubt on its eastern bank
+some 300 yards long by 150 broad; here too were a number of machine
+gun emplacements and, a little in rear, six or eight gun pits.
+
+On the 18th a Highland Regiment pushed forward a strong patrol along
+the east bank of the Dujail, an Indian Battalion doing the same on the
+west bank, the two patrols working together and giving each other
+mutual support. Both Regiments encountered the Turkish outposts within
+six hundred yards, and after driving them some distance back, the
+patrols were withdrawn at night.
+
+As an attack on the enemy position was decided on, the Battalion
+Commander suggested that a line of strong points should be constructed
+about a mile ahead of our line, that when these had been made good, a
+second line of strong points a further eight hundred yards in advance
+should be constructed, so that by this means the final assault might
+be made from a short distance to the enemy's main position, and also
+by this means artillery officers would be able to locate definitely
+the enemy's main trenches and the guns could be brought up within
+2,000 yards before the Infantry should assault. This idea was adopted.
+
+During the 19th the Highland Regiment, by some fine patrol work, drove
+the enemy advanced troops back with little loss, and during the night
+three strong points were built a mile in advance, two on the east and
+one on the west bank of the Dujail. From these points both the
+Highlanders and the Punjabis skirmished further forward on the 20th,
+and the enemy's position was becoming seriously threatened with but
+little loss to ourselves.
+
+One incident in this patrol fighting must not pass unnoted. An
+artillery officer had been sent forward in the morning to observe the
+ground and enemy positions from our strong point on the east bank of
+the Dujail. It was a task of considerable danger, for already several
+of our men had been hit by enemy snipers, and at this moment a wounded
+man was being carried back by the stretcher bearers. The artillery
+officer had crawled a little ahead of the Strong Point in order to
+observe more freely, but his gallantry was ill rewarded by a bullet
+striking him and incapacitating him from coming back, or even escaping
+from his exposed position. Easton had been Sergeant of the Highlanders
+stretcher bearers since his predecessor had been killed when
+recovering wounded, and he himself had won the Distinguished Conduct
+Medal for a fine piece of work in France. Without hesitation Easton
+now ran forward from the strong point and, though the enemy snipers
+were dropping bullets all round, roughly bandaged the officer, picked
+him up on his back, staggered down to the river and got him across
+under the welcome shelter of the other bank, though the stream was
+over six feet deep. For this action Sergeant Easton now wears a bar to
+his Distinguished Conduct Medal.
+
+[Illustration: Street Scenes In Baghdad.]
+
+[Illustration: British Residency, Baghdad.]
+
+[Illustration: Hotel Maude, Baghdad.]
+
+[Illustration: The Bridge At Baghdad.]
+
+On the 20th it was definitely decided that the situation demanded an
+immediate advance, and a direct frontal attack was ordered to take
+place at dawn on the following morning. One force were to lead the
+attack at 5 a.m. on the east of the Dujail, the Highlanders to
+advance along the east bank of that canal, and one Company of the
+Punjabis on the west bank. On the right of the Highlanders a battalion
+of Gurkhas were to advance from the right strong point with a
+battalion of Indian Infantry in echelon on their right near the
+Tigris, another battalion being held in reserve. When this attack had
+gained ground a second force was to advance over the bare plain on the
+west of the Dujail, and their right to gain touch with the left of the
+Company of Punjabis on the Dujail bank. The objectives of the main
+attack were the redoubt, and the two bridges which crossed the Dujail
+immediately above it. A third force was held back in reserve.
+
+The orders were thus very clear, and the plan simple; the main
+difficulty was to ensure effective artillery co-operation, since to
+come within effective range of the Redoubt our batteries would be
+forced to move forward over very open ground, and counter-battery work
+would be obviously hard to arrange.
+
+The frontage of broken ground open to the Highlanders was but little
+over 150 yards; the Commanding Officer therefore wisely determined to
+attack on a narrow frontage of two platoons rather than expose his men
+on the bare plain, and with the Dujail giving the direction to his
+left, trust to the impetus of eight lines to force the enemy's
+position.
+
+Precisely at 5 a.m., the covering batteries opened fire on the enemy
+outposts, the leading platoons charged forward and, without pausing to
+fire, but advancing by a series of swift rushes drove back the Turkish
+advanced troops about a thousand yards from our strong points. A few
+Turks were bayonetted, a number more shot by the fire of a
+well-placed Lewis gun, but the surprise of the attack and the rapidity
+of its execution saved our men from any severe loss during this first
+advance. But as our leading platoons drew near to the enemy main
+positions, they came under an enfilade fire from the west bank of the
+Dujail, and a number of men had to swing round to the left, and, from
+the crest of the wall, reply to the enemy not two hundred yards
+distant on the opposite bank. The succeeding lines, however, pressed
+forward, section after section rushed on to the help of their
+comrades, every rise and every knoll along the river was held by
+snipers and the battle developed into a fierce contest between
+skirmishers. But it was not of long duration. Shortly after 6 o'clock
+nearly two miles of country had been cleared of the enemy, our men
+were not to be denied, and the leading section of Highlanders made a
+gallant charge and rushed the main redoubt, killing a certain number
+of its defenders and driving out the remainder. The success of the
+attack was greatly due to the rapidity, but its very rapidity had led
+to considerable intervals occurring between the eight lines that had
+originally advanced to the assault. Some platoons had been forced to
+engage the enemy on the opposite bank, others with Lewis guns were
+keeping down the fire of the enemy who were holding several small
+trenches ahead, and a number of men had fallen, never to rise again;
+consequently for the first few minutes there were less than a hundred
+men in the redoubt, and these were subject to a heavy fire from their
+front, and enfilading fire from their left.
+
+[Illustration: The Quartermaster, Assistant Adjutant, Transport
+Officer, 2nd In Command, And The Colonel Watching The Regimental
+Sports At The Front.]
+
+[Illustration: Captain T. W. STEWART, Captain W. A. YOUNG And The
+PADRE.]
+
+[Illustration: The Mesopotamian Railway.]
+
+Now was the moment when artillery support was most needed. But as
+before explained, this, owing to the nature of the ground, had been
+most difficult to arrange. The batteries posted under cover of the
+Median Wall, soon found themselves, as the enemy retired, at extreme
+range, had been obliged in consequence to advance to new positions.
+This is a matter which takes longer than the actual bringing up of the
+guns; fresh observations must be made by artillery officers, new
+telephone wires must be made, new communications established, and
+correct ranges ascertained of the new targets before effective support
+can be given. This was all being done, but under great difficulties,
+because the enemy had established a strong barrage in rear of the
+assaulting troops. Many of our gunners were hit, especially among the
+telephone operators; consequently, just at this critical time, there
+was little or no artillery support to be had.
+
+Now the Turk is a stubborn fighter. His men on the west bank of the
+Dujail had not yet been driven so far back as those opposing the
+Highlanders, and they now opened a very galling fire from the west
+bank at a range of only two to four hundred yards. The Redoubt had
+been taken at 6-15 a.m. Within ten minutes the Turks on the east bank
+had organised a strong body to make a counter attack, and these headed
+by parties of bombers, rushed the Redoubt, drove the few defenders
+back, and held its front and side faces. But their triumph was short
+lived. It was a proud boast of the Highlanders that of all the miles
+of entrenchments that had at one time or another been entrusted to
+them not one yard had even been surrendered to the enemy; it was their
+stern resolve that no Highlander should lie unavenged, that no man who
+wore the Red Haeckle should give his life in vain. The Redoubt had
+once been theirs, and in its trenches lay the bodies of their
+comrades who had died to hold it. It was the Redoubt they had set
+forth to capture; now more than ever they were determined that not a
+live Turk should dispute possession. The platoons that had originally
+formed the rear waves were now fast coming up, bombs and bombers were
+called for, and an immediate counter-attack organised. But the losses
+were now very heavy. Within a minute, one Captain and two Subalterns
+were killed, two Captains and two Subalterns wounded, and a heavy
+proportion among the rank and file also fell. The smallest hesitation,
+the slightest wavering, and the Turks had made good their success. But
+there was no hesitation and, though only one unwounded officer
+remained, there was no wavering. The bombers dashed forward, every
+available man followed, and within fifteen minutes of its loss, the
+entire Redoubt was recaptured and its forward trenches rapidly
+consolidated. The Highlanders' boast still held true, the Red Haeckle
+was again victorious.
+
+Many were the dead, many the wounded to testify to the gallant deeds
+that led to this success. An Artillery Officer, who witnessed the
+assault, wrote:--
+
+"That day the Highlanders without help won a victory that only those
+who saw it can realise was among the most gallant fought in this war."
+
+[Illustration: The Colonel.]
+
+[Illustration: The Adjutant.]
+
+[Illustration: The Mosques Of Baghdad.]
+
+What is the secret, whence comes this spirit, of the wave of bravery
+that seizes soldiers at these great moments? Many of the very men who
+charged forward had, but ten minutes before, been driven back, many of
+their comrades lay dead beside them, they had lost their accustomed
+leaders, shrapnel and heavy shell were bursting among them, and when
+the cry for bombs and bombers was given, it must have seemed to
+many to be but the prelude to disaster, the vain cry for further and
+useless sacrifice. What is it then that stops the individual from
+hanging back, from letting others lead, from justifying himself to
+himself by continuing to fire in comparative safety at longer ranges?
+Who would detect him? Might he not argue plausibly enough, that his
+covering fire would be of more assistance to his comrades than his
+rushing uselessly forward at their head? The secret of it lies in
+_esprit de corps_, in the willing surrender by the individual of his
+freedom of action, by the voluntary sacrifice of the individual for
+the good of all. And greater love hath no man than this:--that he
+giveth his life for his friend.
+
+The gallantry of those who lie dead, whether British, or Indian, or
+Turk cannot be told, but one incident that was witnessed by several is
+worthy of record. The Redoubt measured several hundred yards on its
+front and side faces, and the attackers were few in number. One of
+these, Private Melvin had by some chance so damaged his bayonet that
+he could not fix it on his rifle. Throwing that weapon aside, he
+rushed forward where his comrades were scarce, and the enemy in
+plenty, and encountered a group of Turks single handed. With bayonet
+and fist he brought three to the ground, the remaining six, stunned by
+the violence of his attack, surrendered, and were brought back by this
+brave old soldier in triumph to his Company. For this deed Private
+Melvin was subsequently awarded the Victoria Cross.
+
+[Illustration: Samarra.]
+
+[Illustration: Wireless Station, Baghdad. Destroyed by the Huns.]
+
+[Illustration: Samarra Railway Station.]
+
+[Illustration: Resting After The Battle Of Istabulat.]
+
+[Illustration: No. 4 Company Before Istabulat Under The Median Wall.
+P. SMYTH, A. E. BARISTOW, R. WALKER, and G. V. STEWART in Foreground.]
+
+[Illustration: Ground Over Which The Regiment Advanced To Attack The
+Turkish Strong Point Beneath The +.]
+
+Battalion Headquarters now moved up close in rear of the Redoubt, the
+telephonic communication was established with the Brigade, and
+Companies reorganised according to their losses. And fortunate it was
+that this was done with no loss of time. For the Turk had intended to
+hold this line of entrenchments, of which the Redoubt was the key, and
+the main defence of the two bridges, throughout the summer, and he was
+not going to surrender the position without further struggle. Two
+counter-attacks formed up and advanced against the front face of the
+Redoubt, a few Turks got within fifty or a hundred yards of the
+Redoubt, but each attack was broken up by steady rifle fire and Lewis
+gun fire, and our position made more secure. A little nullah ran from
+the Turks' second position to within fifty yards of the Redoubt, and
+up this channel from time to time he sent parties of bombers, but
+these were easily held in check. A group of machine guns from further
+up the Dujail swept the crest of the hard-won parapet, and men less
+experienced in war had suffered more than did those who bore the Red
+Haeckle. But no experience of war could save men from the high
+explosive shell which burst throughout the day among the trenches,
+destroying indiscriminately parapet and defenders. These 5.9 shell the
+Highlanders had known all too well in France, and the number of bursts
+reminded our men rather of a bombardment in the trenches of Flanders
+than the shell fire ordinary to Mesopotamia. And to this bombardment
+the defenders of the Redoubt were subject from time to time throughout
+that long day. It is a constant puzzle, why in this life so many
+things that are at first merely disagreeable are allowed to make so
+great a noise and to continue for so long a time that they become
+almost unbearable. It is a question that often confronts one at a
+comic opera, always in the near neighbourhood of a gramophone, but
+never with such persistent irritation as when undergoing a bombardment
+from high explosive shell. Nothing is more trying to the nerves, for
+and from it there is no escape. This war has been defined as a war,
+not of infantry, nor of artillery, but of effective co-operation
+between the two. The nature of the ground, and the skill with which
+the enemy had chosen his positions had prevented this co-operation
+from being as effective as is usual in our army, and this in spite of
+every effort being made by our Artillery Officers, and in spite of
+many casualties among their batteries. In consequence, the enemy's
+batteries were never silenced, and kept up a heavy fire throughout the
+day, and our losses were heavy. On our right the Gurkhas had advanced
+in gallant style at the same time as the Highlanders, and in spite of
+a stubborn resistance had pushed the enemy back along the line of the
+old canal, and kept up with our advance. Then with the sand dunes
+dipped to the level of the plain and the salient bend of the Tigris
+narrowed their front, the Gurkhas swung round to their left in a most
+soldierly fashion, and, despite, heavy losses, joined the Highlanders
+on the Dujail, and for the rest of the day shared the honours and the
+dangers of the defence of the Redoubt and the trenches near it. The
+Indian Regiment advancing still further on the right had met with
+misfortune, for, on reaching a small rise in the ground, their lines
+had been suddenly swept with machine gun fire at a range of three
+hundred yards. Many men fell within the space of a few minutes, and it
+became necessary to bring up the Reserve Battalion to their
+assistance. Consequently no further advance was possible on this
+flank, nor on the west flank did the situation offer any greater
+promise. The Punjabi Regiment on the immediate left of the Highlanders
+had fought under great difficulties, but with such determination that
+they eventually dug themselves in opposite the Redoubt on the west
+bank of the Dujail, though half their men were killed or wounded. On
+their left again, another Highland Battalion, old friends of ours,
+both in peace and war, had pressed the enemy back, and occupied some
+eight hundred yards of an old irrigation channel that ran westward
+from the Dujail towards the railway. Further to the west, this dry
+channel remained in the hands of the Turks, and bombing attacks were
+carried on throughout the day. Another battalion had also suffered
+considerably from shell fire, and was posted in echelon on the left
+rear.
+
+It was evident that without a renewed bombardment and strong
+reinforcements, no further advance was possible on either side. We had
+advanced a couple of miles, driven the enemy from his strongest
+positions, and gained our immediate objectives. It was evident, that
+to the day following must be left the final advance and capture of
+Samarrah.
+
+This account of the fighting near Samarrah purports to give no general
+view of the whole action. Enough, if something clear is shown of the
+part played by one Regiment, and of the fighting by its immediate
+neighbours. The Highlanders had had some tough battles during the past
+few months, and during this day's fighting had lost over a third of
+their total strength in killed and wounded.
+
+On the next morning it was found that the Turks had retired several
+miles on to the ruins of the ancient city of Istabulat, but it was
+not until the afternoon that the battle was continued. Then it was
+fought with the same violence, and with equal stubbornness as on the
+day before. Again the Turk was driven out of his positions, and again,
+like the gallant fighter he is, he held on till nightfall. Orders were
+given to renew the attack at dawn on the third day of the battle, but
+as day broke the patrols of Highlanders sent back word that the enemy
+had evacuated his forward positions, and we advanced in attack
+formation straight on Samarrah. The Highlanders were leading, and
+passed through the ancient ruins and the several lines of enemy
+trenches; those trenches held so stubbornly by the Turk, empty now,
+save for groups of dead bodies and a few of unhappy wounded who had
+not been moved during the night. Surely the world offers no scene more
+pitiful than that of a battlefield after action. I know, by personal
+experience, the suffering entailed in lying day and night untended
+with broken limbs, the utter weariness from wounds, and the exhaustion
+after conflict, the tragedy of all surroundings, the cries of those
+who cry for help that never comes, a passionate longing for death
+alternating with a craven fear of foe and wandering marauder, and
+above all, the horror of the great vultures swinging round and round
+in ever closer circles. Little of the pomp or ceremony of war was seen
+by the Highlanders as they marched that morning through the Turkish
+entrenchments at the head of the British troops, the first regiment to
+enter Samarrah as they had marched some six weeks earlier the first to
+enter Baghdad.
+
+Such is the story of the part played by the Highland Regiment in this
+hard-fought battle, but though I have told the tale from the point of
+view of a Regimental Officer, I am not forgetful of the deeds of
+others. My endeavour has been to give a picture of events as one man
+meets them in a course of a day's fighting, not to give a narrative of
+deeds of which I know little and saw nothing. But of the gallant help
+given by the Gurkhas I have spoken and, after some experience of war
+both in France and in Mesopotamia, I add my testimony to the value of
+the loyal services rendered by so many of our Indian Regiments; it
+will stand to their honour for all time that they have fought
+throughout these years so bravely and so faithfully. War is a noble
+comradeship, and the ties that now bind the Indian and British troops
+will not easily be severed.
+
+The relationship between British and Indian officers is invariably
+happy; difficulties of language, however, sometimes give a little
+humour to a long campaign. When I was first given command of a Brigade
+formed of both British and Indian Battalions I made a point of
+speaking to each Indian officer, and saying something in appreciation
+of his services. To this the senior Indian officer replied with the
+usual Eastern compliments, and then added:--
+
+"Many Generals have come to see us, but each usually spares us but a
+couple of minutes; you, in your kindness, have spoken to each of us
+for half an hour and we shall indeed fight bravely for you, for of all
+Generals, you, O Brigadier, are the most long minded."
+
+[Illustration: At The Front. The Regiment In The San-i-yat Trenches.
+Sergeant BISSET and Sergeant MURDOCH both killed in action.]
+
+[Illustration: That Able Administrator General Sir PERCY L. COX And An
+Influential Arab Sheikh.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+
+On April 20th, Colonel J. Stewart took over the command of the
+Regiment, and Colonel A. G. Wauchope became a Brigadier.
+
+It was a great blow to the Regiment to lose their Colonel, and very
+difficult for any other man coming after him; but the new Colonel
+proved a worthy successor to the old and the Regiment was fortunate in
+having two such men in succession to guard its interests and its
+honour. Months later when I congratulated the General on the successes
+of his old Regiment and on his promotion, he said, "Yes, yes, B., the
+Regiment was splendid, but I am not too sure that the other matter is
+altogether a matter for congratulation." I felt certain that had it
+been left to his own choice he would have preferred to remain with his
+Highlanders than accept any higher command.
+
+With the capture of Samarrah it can be said that the winter campaign
+of 1916-1917 came to an end. We held the rail head of the Baghdad
+railway and had captured sixteen locomotives, 224 trucks and two
+barges of ammunition. Already at the end of April, the heat of the
+coming summer which was to prove the hottest on record could be felt,
+and the thermometer in that month reached 114° in the shade.
+
+The actual fighting was for the time being practically over, and it
+was decided that Samarrah should be our advanced position on the
+Tigris. Preparations were at once commenced to make the position a
+strong one, and sufficient to hold up any attack which the enemy might
+have in view; but the summer coming on the Turks were not anxious to
+be aggressive and took up their most advanced positions some five or
+six miles further up the Tigris.
+
+The summer was consequently passed under much more pleasant conditions
+than in 1916. The Turks being far distant a number of officers and men
+were granted a month's leave to India; tents, rations and comforts
+were plentiful. The Regiment was at full strength and, despite the
+heat, the men maintained their health throughout the summer. The main
+task was the digging of several lines of trenches in front of the old
+city of Samarrah, but training was carried on continuously so that the
+Regiment might be ready as always for whatever operations were to take
+place in the coming cold weather. The Battalion had now spent nearly
+two years in Mesopotamia, and of the thousand who landed not two
+hundred remained, and of these many had been wounded. What contrasts
+the two years offer. In the first period one effort succeeded another,
+but neither training nor valour were sufficient to redress the balance
+of the scales, and despite every sacrifice Kut fell. Then came the
+months when we held San-i-yat, when there were few men and arduous
+duties, intolerable heat and no comfort.
+
+The spring of the second year was marked by a succession of victories,
+and achievements for all time memorable; the forcing of San-i-yat, the
+entry to Baghdad, the battles of Mushaidie and Istabulat; and finally
+the last few months of comparative peace and plenty.
+
+Throughout the two years the indomitable spirit of the Battalion
+showed itself true to the finest traditions of the Regiment, and it is
+open to question whether memory of the hundred survivors fighting
+their way back from the Turkish trenches on the 21st of January, does
+not extort as much admiration as the memory of the three companies,
+after 30 hours of continuous marching and successful fighting,
+charging at midnight into the station at Mushaidie.
+
+
+SUMMARY OF OFFICER CASUALTIES suffered by the 2nd Bn. during its
+service in Mesopotamia,
+
+July 1916 to May 1917.
+
+  Killed in Action    | 16  | Includes Captain Duncan, R.A.M.C.,
+                      |     | and 2/Lieut. A. E. Sinclair
+  Died from wounds    |  8  |       ...
+  Died from disease   |  1  |       ...
+  Missing             |  2  | Captain D. C. Hamilton Johnstone
+                      |     | and 2/Lieut. H. F. Forrester.
+                      |     | Both wounded
+  Prisoners of War    |  1  | 2/Lieut. A. H. Quine.
+  Wounded in Action   | 42  | Includes officers wounded more
+                      |     | than once, each occasion being
+                      |     | counted separately. Does not
+                      |     | include cases where officers have
+                      |     | subsequently died from wounds.
+  Invalided to India  | 50  | As above, includes instances of
+                      |     | invaliding more than one as
+                      |     | separate items. Also includes all
+                      |     | cases of officers wounded who
+                      |     | were in consequence thereof invalided.
+
+
+DETAILS OF OFFICER CASUALTIES in important battles.
+
+                       Killed   Died
+                       in       from
+                       action.  wounds.  Wounded.  Missing  P. of W.
+  7th January, 1916       3       ..       16        ..        ..
+  21st January, 1916      2       ..        3         1        ..
+  22nd April, 1916        5       ..        2         1        ..
+  14th March, 1917        1        4        5        ..        ..
+  21st April, 1917        2        3        4        ..         1
+                      ----------------------------------------------
+  TOTAL                  13        7       30         2         1
+
+
+LIST OF OFFICERS who served with the 2nd Battalion
+in Mesopotamia, 1916-17.
+
+  BRIG.-GENERAL A. G. WAUCHOPE, C.M.G., D.S.O.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 16th January, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 9th May, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 18th May, 1916.
+    To be Bt.-Lt.-Colonel, 2nd June, 1916.
+    Promotion to rank of Major ante-dated to 15th September 1914.
+    (_London Gaz._, dated 14th September, 1916).
+    To be Bt.-Colonel, 23rd December, 1916.
+    Assumed Command, Brigade. 20th April, 1917.
+    To be Bde. Commander, 11th May, 1917.
+
+  COLONEL J. STEWART.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 26th December, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 21st March, 1917.
+    To be A.-Lt.-Col. whilst Commanding a Battn. 5th May, 1917.
+
+  MAJOR T. G. F. COCHRANE.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 16th January, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 27th August, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd September, 1916.
+    To be A/Major whilst 2nd in Command, 14th September, 1916.
+    Relinquishes above, 15th April, 1917.
+    To be A/Major on H. Q. of a Battn., 15th May, 1917.
+
+  MAJOR D. C. HAMILTON-JOHNSTONE.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    To be Tempy. Major, 7th January, 1916.
+    Wounded and Missing, 21st-22nd January, 1916.
+
+  MAJOR C. R. B. HENDERSON.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 26th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 26th January, 1916.
+    Promoted Major, 8th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 14th April, 1916.
+    Tenure of Adjt. expired, 4th January, 1917.
+
+  MAJOR THE REV. ANDREW MACFARLANE.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+
+  MAJOR THE HON. R. T. C. MURRAY.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 10th February, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 14th March, 1916.
+    To India for duty with A. H. Q., 3rd April, 1916.
+
+  CAPTAIN J. ANDERSON.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    To be Hony. Captain, 3rd June, 1916.
+
+  CAPTAIN J. A. BARSTOW, M.C.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 11th July, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 10th August, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 21st April, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN A. E. BLAIR.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 10th February, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 14th March, 1916.
+
+  CAPTAIN H. JOHN BLAMPIED.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 7th June, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 4th July, 1916.
+    To be Asst. Censor, 28th January, 1917.
+    To be Censor, I.E.F. "D", 1st April, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN R. H. CRAKE (ATTACHED).
+    Held command of Btn. during latter portion of January, 1916.
+
+  CAPTAIN P. G. EGERTON.
+    Posted to the Battalion, 30th June, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN C. D. GILMOUR, M.C.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 20th January, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 21st February, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 22nd April, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 2nd May, 1916.
+    To England, 11th June, 1916.
+    Awarded the Military Cross, 22nd December, 1916.
+
+  CAPTAIN A. M. GRIEVE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 16th February, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd March, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 5th July, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 27th May, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 4th June, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN J. B. S. HALDANE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 9th October, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd December, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 22nd February, 1917.
+    Invalided to India, 19th March, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN J. N. INGLIS.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 20th January, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 21st February, 1916.
+    Killed in Action, 22nd April, 1916.
+
+  CAPTAIN R. MACFARLANE, M.C.
+    Embarked, Bombay, 11th April, 1916.
+    Disembarked Basrah, 17th April, 1916.
+    (Date of Embarkation in U. K. is not known).
+    Wounded in Action, 10th June, 1916.
+    Camp Area Comdt., Ma'gil, 14th July, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 14th March, 1917.
+    Awarded the Military Cross, 31st March, 1917.
+    Killed in Action, 21st April, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN M. E. PARK, D.S.O.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 25th November, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 28th December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 10th April, 1916.
+    Awarded the Silver Medal for Valour by H. M. the King of Italy.
+
+  CAPTAIN R. M. PURVIS.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 20th January, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 17th March, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 24th March, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 10th April, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 27th April, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 20th January, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 28th January, 1917.
+    Died from wounds, 14th March, 1917.
+    Promoted Captain, from 8th March, 1916.
+    (_London Gaz._, dated 23rd August, 1916.)
+
+  CAPTAIN R. D. ROBERTSON.
+    Posted, December, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN N. M. RITCHIE, D.S.O.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 20th January, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 21st February, 1916.
+    To be Adjutant, _vice_ Major C. R. B. Henderson, 5th January, 1917.
+    Invalided to India, 12th June, 1917.
+    Awarded the D.S.O., 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN K. W. L. SIMONET (ATTACHED).
+    Posted for temporary duty, 16th January, 1916.
+    Killed in Action, 21st January, 1916.
+
+  CAPTAIN J. TODD.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 10th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 13th January, 1916.
+    Apptd. Transport Officer, 22nd July, 1916.
+
+  CAPTAIN L. H. WILLETT.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 9th October, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd December, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 21st April, 1917.
+    Invalided to India, 8th May, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN W. A. YOUNG, M.C.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 20th January, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 17th March, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 24th March, 1916.
+    To be T/Lieut., Supmy., 8th July, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 22nd February, 1917.
+    Awarded the Military Cross.
+
+  CAPTAIN THE REV. A. SILVER.
+    Posted to the Regiment, 30th April, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN A. W. DUNCAN, R.A.M.C.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Was killed in Action whilst M. O. with another Regiment,
+        9th March, 1916.
+
+  CAPTAIN G. F. GUNLETTE, R.A.M.C.
+    For duty as M. O., 24th March, 1917.
+    Relieved, 28th March, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN J. MACQUEEN, R.A.M.C.
+    Joined Bn. as M. O., 18th July, 1916.
+    Struck off, tour expired, 25th March, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN W. MOORE CAMERON, R.A.M.C.
+    Posted as M. O., 28th March, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN T. W. STEWART.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 24th May, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 13th June, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 31st January, 1917.
+
+
+_Lieutenants._
+
+  H. BOWIE.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 16th January, 1916.
+    Relinquishes Tempy. rank of Lieutenant, 7th January, 1916.
+
+  W. COUTTS HUNTER.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 20th January, 1916.
+    To England from Egypt, 19th March, 1916.
+
+  C. V. S. COOKS.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 16th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to England, 7th April, 1916.
+
+  G. CURDIE.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 21st January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 4th February, 1916.
+    Promoted T/Capt., 23rd November, 1915.
+    Relinquishes Tempy. rank, 19th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to England, from Egypt, 7th April, 1916.
+
+  A. B. CUMMING.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 25th November, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 28th December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 20th January, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 25th March, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 1st April, 1916.
+    Killed in Action, 22nd April, 1916.
+
+  J. F. C. DIXON, M.C.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 21st January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 30th January, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 9th June, 1916.
+    Disembarked Basrah, 16th June, 1916.
+    To be Lieutenant, 18th July, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 23rd November, 1916.
+    Awarded the Military Cross, 22nd December 1916.
+
+  R. H. DUNDAS.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 21st January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 7th March, 1916.
+
+  F. J. FELL.
+    Posted to Battalion, 9th December, 1917.
+
+  J. O. HUTCHINSON.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Killed in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+
+  R. W. MACFARLANE GRIEVE.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 20th January 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 6th April, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 13th April, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 26th November, 1916.
+
+  C. J. McCONAGHEY.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 16th February, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd March, 1916.
+    Killed in Action, 22nd April, 1916.
+
+  W. W. McEWAN, M.C.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 12th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 21st January, 1916.
+    To Regiment, 1st March, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 22nd April, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 2nd May, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Karachi, 14th August, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 20th August, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 30th October, 1916.
+    Awarded the Military Cross, 22nd December, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 17th May, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd May, 1917.
+
+  H. A. T. PLUNKETT.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Killed in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+
+  G. G. B. MILLER STIRLING.
+    Embarked, Suez, 21st June, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 4th July, 1916.
+    Died from Wounds, 14th March, 1917.
+
+  D. C. STEWART SMITH.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Apptd. Transport Officer, 10th January, 1916.
+    Commanding Battn., 22nd to 23rd January, 1916.
+    Acting Adjutant, 24th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 29th March, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Karachi, 13th July, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 16th July, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 26th August, 1916.
+    Invalided to U. K., 4th October, 1916.
+
+  M. M. THORBURN, M.C.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 21st January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 4th February, 1916.
+    Awarded the Military Cross, January 1916.
+    Invalided to England from Egypt, 25th April, 1916.
+
+  WITHEY, R. W.
+    Posted to the Battalion, 6th December, 1917.
+
+
+_2nd Lieutenants._
+
+  D. H. ANDERSON.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 16th February, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd March, 1916.
+    Killed in Action, 22nd April, 1916.
+
+  G. J. ANDERSON.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 16th February, 1910.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd March, 1916.
+    Killed in Action, 22nd April, 1916.
+
+  C. ST. G. ALEXANDER.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 16th February, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd March, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 4th May, 1916.
+    (Wounded in Action, 22nd April, 1916).
+    To England from Egypt.
+
+  D. S. GORDON BROWN.
+    Embarked, Bombay, 11th April, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 17th April, 1916.
+    Accidentally wounded, 28th June, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 5th August, 1916.
+
+  H. W. BRUCE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 16th February, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd March, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 30th May, 1916.
+    Embarked, Karachi, 27th August, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd September, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 6th November, 1916.
+    Killed in Action, 17th February, 1917.
+
+  E. BRUCE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 16th February, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd March, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 11th May, 1916.
+    Embarked, Karachi, 14th August, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 20th August, 1916.
+    Died from Disease (Paratyphoid-A), 17th November, 1916.
+
+  A. E. BAIRSTOW.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 9th October, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd December, 1916.
+
+  J. C. W. BROAD.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 16th January, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 22nd May, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 30th May, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 15th June, 1916.
+
+  K. BUCHANAN.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 20th January, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 8th May, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 16th May, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 26th August, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 25th February, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 4th March, 1917.
+    P. A. to Dir. of Port Admin. and Conservancy, 6th May, 1917.
+
+  J. C. R. BUCHANAN.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 9th February, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 22nd May, 1917.
+
+  C. J. R. BROWN.
+    Embarked, Karachi, 19th March, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 26th March, 1917.
+    Wounded in Action, 21st April, 1917.
+    Died from Wounds, 21st May, 1917.
+
+  J. A. BYRON.
+    Embarked, Karachi, 19th March, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 26th March, 1917.
+
+  T. M. COWIE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 15th October, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 21st November, 1916.
+    Unofficially reported Pris. of War, 17th February, 1917.
+    Recaptured, 1st March, 1917.
+    (Wounded 17th February 1917).
+    Invalided to India, 15th March, 1917.
+
+  A. CROMBIE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 26th April, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st May, 1916.
+
+  J. H. COTTERELL.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 10th February, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 14th March, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 22nd April, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 27th April, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 27th November, 1916.
+    Died from wounds, 15th March, 1917.
+
+  A. T. DOWNIE.
+    Embarked, Bombay, 17th April, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd May, 1917.
+
+  J. DAWSON.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 7th June, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 4th July, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 6th November, 1916.
+    Returned to England and died.
+
+  A. DOUGLAS.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 13th January, 1916.
+    Reported dangerously ill, 18th January, 1916.
+    Died from Wounds, 9th February, 1916.
+
+  H. F. FORRESTER.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 10th February, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 14th March, 1916.
+    Wounded and Missing, 22nd April, 1916.
+
+  T. GANT.
+    Promoted from C. S. M., 6th February, 1917.
+    Wounded in Action, 14th March, 1917.
+    To be A. Qr. Master., 12th May, 1917.
+
+  T. GILLESPIE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 21st October, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 21st November, 1916.
+    Killed in Action, 14th March, 1917.
+
+  J. F. GILLIES.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 24th May, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 13th June, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 28th June, 1916.
+    To England, from Egypt, 30th September, 1916.
+
+  A. GILROY.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 10th September, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 10th October, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 21st April, 1917.
+    To be Lieutenant, 1st January, 1917.
+    Invalided to India, 18th May, 1917.
+
+  J. T. GRASSIE, D.S.O.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 20th January, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 21st February, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 6th April, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 10th April, 1916.
+    Invalided to U. K. from Egypt, 7th May, 1916.
+    Awarded the D.S.O., 22nd December, 1916.
+
+  K. GRAHAM SCOTT.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 25th December, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 9th March, 1917.
+
+  W. G. GRIERSON.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 5th January, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 22nd March, 1917.
+
+  C. E. GERRARD.
+    Embarked, Karachi, 19th March, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 26th March, 1917.
+
+  T. A. HENDERSON, M.C.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 25th November, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 28th December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Awarded the Military Cross, 22nd December, 1916.
+    Awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th Col., with Swords,
+      (_London Gaz._, 5th July, 1917).
+    Invalided to India, 23rd May, 1917.
+
+  S. L. HUNTER.
+    Embarked, Bombay, 27th July, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 1st August, 1916.
+    Joined 3rd Echelon, as Record Officer, 22nd March, 1917.
+
+  B. S. HOUSTON, M.C.
+    Promoted from C.S.M., 16th February, 1917.
+    Awarded the Military Cross, 31st March, 1917.
+
+  C. V. HENDRY.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 7th June, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 4th July, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 6th November, 1916.
+
+  P. J. HAYE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 5th January, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 22nd March, 1917.
+
+  D. HAIG.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 15th January, 1917,
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 21st March, 1917.
+    Invalided to India, 16th June, 1917.
+
+  M. JAMIESON.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 9th October, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd December, 1916.
+
+  A. L. JACKSON.
+    Posted to the Battalion, 28th August, 1917.
+
+  J. JEFF.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 24th May, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 13th June, 1916.
+
+  A. S. JOHNSTON.
+    Embarked, Bombay, 24th March, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 28th March, 1917.
+
+  T. KINNEAR.
+    Promoted from C.S.M., 6th February, 1917.
+    Wounded in Action, 22nd February, 1917.
+    Apptd. Transport Officer, 3rd May, 1917.
+
+  B. H. LUNN.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 24th May, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 13th June, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 8th December, 1916.
+    Has since been invalided to England.
+
+  T. LOUDON.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 5th January, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 22nd March, 1917.
+
+  J. MACGREGOR.
+    Posted to the Battalion, 13th September, 1917.
+
+  G. M. MACKENZIE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 24th May, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 13th June, 1916.
+    Transferred to M. Gun Corps, 26th October, 1916.
+
+  MANN, J. A.
+    Posted to the Battalion, 6th December, 1917.
+
+  D. MURRAY STEWART.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 9th October, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd December, 1916.
+
+  R. S. MORRISON.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Killed in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+
+  W. D. MONTGOMERIE.
+    Embarked, Bombay, 17th May, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd May, 1917.
+
+  A. MUIR.
+    Promoted from C.S.M., 29th May, 1917.
+
+  D. McARTHUR.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 5th January, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 22nd March, 1917.
+    Died from Wounds, 21st April, 1917.
+
+  T. PEEL.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 5th January, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 22nd March, 1917.
+    Died from Wounds, 21st April, 1917.
+
+  J. C. PATERSON.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 16th January, 1916.
+    To England, from Egypt, 19th March, 1916.
+
+  W. PORTER.
+    Posted to the Battalion, 21st November, 1917.
+
+  B. H. QUINE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 7th June, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 4th July, 1916.
+    To be F. T. C. O., Dvn., 1st August, 1916.
+    Relieved from above, 26th August, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 3rd September, 1916.
+
+  A. H. QUINE.
+    Embarked, Karachi, 19th March, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 26th March, 1917.
+    Reported Missing, 21st April, 1917.
+    Reported Pris. of War, 21st April, 1917.
+
+  G. RYRIE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 11th July, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 10th August, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 28th November, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 27th May, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 4th June, 1917.
+
+  J. C. RITCHIE, M. C.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 5th January, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 22nd March, 1917.
+    Awarded the Military Cross, 22nd May, 1917.
+    Apptd. A. Adjt., 27th May, 1917.
+
+  A. SCOBIE.
+    Posted to the Battalion, 13th September, 1917.
+
+  A. E. SINCLAIR.
+    Embarked Devonport, 24th May, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 13th June, 1916.
+    Transferred to M. Gun Corps, 26th October, 1916.
+    Killed in Action, 5th December, 1916.
+
+  P. J. SCOTLAND.
+    Posted to the Battalion, 9th December, 1917.
+
+  G. V. STEWART.
+    Embarked, Bombay, 11th April, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 17th April, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 14th March, 1917.
+
+  G. B. SMART.
+    Embarked, Suez, 16th September, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 26th September, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 14th March, 1917.
+
+  F. H. SOUTAR
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 25th November, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 28th December, 1915.
+    Killed in Action, 21st January, 1916.
+
+  T. L. SMITH.
+    Posted to the Battalion, 13th September, 1917.
+
+  P. E. SYMTHE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 9th October, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd December, 1916.
+    Confirmed in rank of 2nd Lieutenant, 18th October 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 21st April, 1917.
+    Invalided to India, 12th June, 1917.
+
+  R. M. SMYTHE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 9th October, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 14th December, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 14th March, 1917.
+    Confirmed in rank of 2nd Lieut., 18th October, 1916.
+
+  A. G. WOYKA.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 26th April, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st May, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 15th January, 1917.
+
+  R. WALKER.
+    Embarked, Karachi, 19th March, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 26th March, 1917.
+    Killed in Action, 21st April, 1917.
+
+  A. A. YOUNG.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 24th May 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 13th June, 1916.
+    Cypher Officer, G. H. Q. Base, 28th June, 1916.
+    Joined Bn. in the Fd., 25th November, 1916.
+    Died from Wounds, 14th March, 1917.
+
+
+_Nominal roll of W.Os., N.C.Os., and men, 2nd Bn., numerically
+arranged, who have been killed in action, died of wounds, disease,
+etc., during service in Mesopotamia, from 1st January 1916 to 15th
+June 1917._
+
+   -------+----------------------+-------------+-----------+-------------------------
+   Regtl. | Rank and Name.       |  Cause of      Date of     Place of
+    No.   |                      |   Death.       Death.      Death.
+          |                      +-------------+-----------+-------------------------
+          |                      | Place of burial, if known.
+   -------+----------------------+---------------------------------------------------
+        72|Sergt. T. Archer      | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    AR/116|A/Cpl. D. Dakers      | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+       133|Sergt. T. Murray      | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+       578|A/Cpl. J. Gibb        | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+       598|Pte. J. Hogg          | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+       622|Pte. J. Lynch         | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+       672|Corpl. R. Pratt       | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+       773|L/Cpl. R. Whyte       | K. in A.      6-11-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Cemetery near Jullundur St. Sann-i-yat.
+       781|Corpl. U. Hutchison   | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7,
+          |                      | 7th Divn., Sketch No. 5, Istabulat.
+       797|Pte. A. Milne         | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7,
+          |                      | 7th Divn., Sketch No. 5, Istabulat.
+       814|Pte. G. McAulay       | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.
+       896|Sergt. G. Johnston    | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+       981|Pte. G. Hazeldean     | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.
+      1020|L/Sgt. J. Mulholland  | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+      1038|Pte. T. McFarlane     | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+      1060|L/Sgt. J. Inglis      | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+      1207|L/Cpl. A. Brown       | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+      1335|L/Cpl. A. Cowie       | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97 Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+      1346|Pte. A. Whannel       | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+      1418|L/Cpl. W. Mack        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      1426|Pte. A. Reoch         | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+      1449|Piper J. Davis        | K. in A.      25-9-15     France.
+          |                      | ...
+      1452|Pte. J. Smith         | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+      1472|Sergt. R. Madill      | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+      1591|Sergt. D. Hamilton    | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+      1619|L/Cpl. W. Noble       | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+      1642|A/Sgt. D. Neill       | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      1701|Sergt. T. Henderson   | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+      1714|L/Cpl. D. Duke        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+      1780|Sergt. D. Finlay, V.C.| K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      1791|Pte. G. Burness       | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+      1856|A/Cpl. D. Hughes      | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      1859|A/C. S.M.T. Bissett   | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+      1884|Corpl. R. Speed       | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22 T.C. 97 Sq. G-7 Istabulat.
+      1899|Pte. Craig, R.        | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+      2003|Pte. T. Teirney       | K. in A.      23-6-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+      2029|A/Sgt. A. Kiddle      | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      2084|Sergt. J. Barrie      | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/2160|Corpl. W. Gow         | K. in A.      20-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      2185|Dmr. G. Bullion       | K. in A.       6-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      2277|L/Cpl. W. Grimmond    | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      2316|A/Sergt. T. Marshall  | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      2451|L/Cpl. N. Campbell    | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+    3/2496|Pte. H. Duffy         | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/2508|Pte. S. Mowat         | K. in A.      22-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.
+      2511|A/Cpl. D. Simpson     | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/2519|Pte. J Downie         | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/2520|L/Cpl. C. Low         | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      2545|Corpl. T. Brown       | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/2564|L/Cpl. G. Mitchell    | K. in A.      13-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.
+    3/2569|Pte. B. Cunningham    | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/2585|Pte. R. McQuarrie     | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/2584|Pte. J. O'Donnell     | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22 T.C. 97, Sq. G-7. Istabulat (G.R.C.).
+    3/2614|Pte. J. Black         | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/2621|Pte. J. Cook          | K. in A.       6-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/2632|Pte. E. Clark         | K. in A.      13-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.
+    3/2674|Pte. G. Stevenson     | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      2701|Pte. F. Gibo          | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      2745|Pte. L. Phee          | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/3012|Pte. A. Hay           | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/3074|Pte. P. Glancy        | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/3100|Pte. T. Burke         | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/3342|Sergt. J. Lees        | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/3360|Pte. J. Campbell      | K. in A.       9-5-15     France.
+          |                      | ...
+      3380|Pte. J. Strachan      | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/3471|Pte. J. Harman        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/3590|Pte. G. Forbes        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      3874|Pte. R. Wilson        | K. in A.       6-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/3917|Pte. F. Robertson     | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/4144|Pte. A. Mailer        | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/4151|Pte. E. Harkness      | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/4221|Pte. E. Graham        | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22 T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+    3/4222|Pte. D. Cuthbert      | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/4484|L/Cpl. J. Shirra      | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7,
+          |                      | Istabulat (G.R.C).
+    S/5142|Pte. J. Bennett       | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/6113|Pte. J. Stuart        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/6259|Pte. F. Stafford      | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/6405|L/Cpl. T. Weir        | K. in A.      13-3-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/6415|Pte. A. Rogerson      | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/6652|Pte. P. Hughes        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/6711|Pte. G. Jones         | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/6757|L/Cpl. W. Taylor      | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      6818|Pte. T. Caddow        | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/6958|Pte. E. McLure        | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7009|L/Cpl. J. Gibson      | K. in A.       9-8-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7019|Pte. J. Hay           | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabul.
+    S/7088|A/Sgt. R. McLauchan   | K. in A.      13-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Orah battlefield, Map. L-2, Rev. Irwin.
+    S/7094|Pte. J. Coulter       | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7097|L/Cpl. C. McRae       | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      7100|L/Cpl. F. Wilkins     | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7283|Pte. D. Bell          | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7346|Pte. A. Dickson       | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7507|Pte. W. McKennie      | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7508|Pte. T. Lamb          | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7548|Pte. A. McKay         | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7560|Pte. J. Tarberts      | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7580|Pte. J. Baillie       | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7592|Pte. R. Bowman        | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7595|Pte. G. Drysdale      | K. in A.       6-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7616|L/Cpl. J. McLaughlan  | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7738|Pte. A. Moncur        | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7743|Pte. A. Mann          | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7748|Pte. T. McPherson     | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7757|Pte. W. Gillispie     | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7771|C.-S.-M. D. Palmer    | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+      7912|C.-S.-M. R. Proudfoot | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7926|Pte. J. McCormack     | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7943|Pte. W. Beatte        | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7957|Pte. J. Whyte         | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7967|Pte. E. Brown         | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7994|Corpl. A. Critchton   | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7996|Pte. W. Graham        | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8057|Pte. J. Thomson       | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8062|Pte. D. Hardley       | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8082|Pte. J. Ramsay        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      8169|Pte. E. Rooke         | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8192|Pte. M. McMahon       | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8202|Pte. D. Winter        | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22 T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+      8235|Pte. R. Lindsay       | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8252|Pte. D. Kilgour       | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8316|Pte. S. McKillop      | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8329|Pte. J. Suttie        | K. in A.       6-3-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8330|Pte. G. Smith         | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8349|L/Cpl. A. Cochrane    | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8389|Pte. J. Clark         | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8390|Corpl. P. Robertson   | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8428|Pte. J. Wilson        | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8444|Sergt. A. McDonald    | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      8458|A/Cpl. J. Hughes      | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8500|Pte. W. McNee         | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8534|Pte. R. McDonald      | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8551|Pte. A. Gibson        | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat (G.K.C.).
+    S/8571|L/Cpl. D. McPhee      | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8696|Pte. J. Bell          | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8705|Pte. F. Fraser        | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8765|Pte. J. Stewart       | K. in A.      18-6-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8785|Pte. J. Liddle        | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+    S/8867|Pte. J. Smith         | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8890|Pte. T. Cranston      | K. in A.      13-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.
+    S/8918|Pte. J. Lamb          | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/9194|A/Cpl. J. Dougal      | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/9207|Pte. J. Orr           | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/9231|Pte. T. Reid          | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/9339|Pte. T. Williamson    | K. in A.      20-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+      9383|Sergt. D. Murdoch     | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, point 40-22 T.C. 97.
+          |                      | Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+      9437|C.-S.-M. G. Davidson  | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+      9451|Pte. P. Davie         | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+    S/9504|Pte. C. Low           | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/9544|Segt. T. McCutcheon   | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/9563|Pte. C. Thomson       | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/9643|Pte. H. Fraser        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/9952|Pte. C. Turner        | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10006|Pte. J. Ross          | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+   S/10028|Pte. J. Barnes        | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+ SRA/10113|Pte. T. Belcher       | K. in A.      13-2-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.
+   S/10170|Pte. E. Holmes        | K. in A.      21-1-18     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+     10240|L/C. A. Gibson        | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+ SRA/10278|Pte. B. Wilson        | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+ SRA/10299|Pte. E. Kenny         | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10340|Pte. J. Dick          | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+   S/10374|Pte. P. Paul          | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+ SRA/10429|L-Cpl. A. Robertson   | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+   S/10469|Pte. R. Barrie        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10477|Pte. A. Graham        | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+   S/10480|Pte. W. Ballingall    | K. in A.      13-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.
+   S/10482|Pte. D. McFarlane     | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+     10489|Pte. J. Sims          | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+   S/10537|L/Cpl. W. Malcolm     | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10539|L/Cpl. P. Hardie      | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10545|Pte. T. Baillie       | K. in A.      5-12-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Jullundur St. Cemetery, Sann-i-yat (G.R.C.).
+   S/10564|Pte. J. Dalton        | K. in A.      21-1-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+   S/10566|Pte. D. McLean        | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10567|Pte. J. Dawson        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10574|Pte. K. O'Donnell     | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10586|Pte. M. Paul          | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10592|Pte. E. Smith         | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10598|L/Cpl. J. McKay       | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10621|Pte. W. Lang          | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10633|Pte. W. Watson        | K. in A.      5-11-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Jullundur St. Cemetery, Sann-i-yat (G.R.C.).
+   S/10634|L/Cpl. P. Reilly      | K. in A.      17-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10638|Pte. F. Inglis        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10648|Pte. J. Wylie         | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10651|L/Cpl. D. Small       | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10656|Pte. P. Barnes        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/11147|A/Cpl. J. Harkins     | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/11175|L/Cpl. J. Little      | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/11193|Pte. J. Clark         | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/11305|Pte. J. McLean        | K. in A.      13-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/11333|Pte. J. Galbraith     | K. in A.     14-10-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Cemetery at 28 B.F.A., Faliheyah Bend.
+   S/11369|Pte. R. Niven         | K. in A.      24-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/11532|Pte. A. Huitton       | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+   S/11533|Pte. B. Bogan         | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/11570|Pte. J. Smith         | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/11572|Pte. J. Stewart       | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/11613|Pte. H. Greenwood     | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/11631|L/Cpl. J. Wallace     | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/11669|Pte. G. Law           | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+   S/11673|Pte. G. Hayes         | K. in A.      16-6-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/11726|Pte. A. Carmichael    | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/11371|Pte. C. Wilson        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/11866|Pte. T. Galloway      | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+   S/11869|Pte. J. Studholme     | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/11891|Pte. D. Mathers       | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/11958|Pte. R. McNaughten    | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7,
+          |                      | 7th Division, sketch No. 5, Istabulat.
+   S/12096|Pte. W. Cross         | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail  battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, 7th
+          |                      | Division, sketch No. 5, Istabulat.
+   S/12202|L/Cpl. E. Doggett     | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/12238|Pte. D. McCraw        | K. in A.     11-12-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Jullundur St. Cemetery. Sann-i-yat.
+   S/12395|Pte. A. Johnstone     | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/12435|Pte. W. Jamieson      | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, Sq. G-7, T.C. 97, Istabulat.
+   S/12475|Pte. J. Keir          | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |              Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/12494|Pte. A. Tuckerman     | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13111|Pte. A. Smith         | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+     13170|Pte. A. Lawson        | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+     13177|L/Cpl. H. Plain       | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+ SRA/13207|L/Cpl. J. Robson      | K. in A.      20-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13267|L/Cpl. M. Brown       | K. in A.     10-10-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Old Cemetery behind Meerut Trench, Sann-i-yat.
+   S/13458|Pte. A. Brember       | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+   S/13956|Pte. G. Cross         | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+   S/14517|Pte. C. Winters       | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+   S/14994|Pte. J. McCallum      | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+   S/15066|Pte. D. Stewart       | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/15068|Pte. J. Lawson        | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point  40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+   S/15069|Pte. J. McLeod        | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/15127|Pte. W. Coyne         | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, G-7,
+          |                      | 7th Division, sketch No. 5, Istabulat.
+   S/15537|Pte. J. Gemmell       | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, G-7,
+          |                      | 7th Division, sketch No. 5, Istabulat.
+   S/15632|Pte. J. Adam          | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, G-7,
+          |                      | 7th Division, sketch No. 5, Istabulat.
+   S/15700|Pte. G. Crick         | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/15853|Pte. J. Wiseman       | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/15866|Pte. W. McKay         | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/16233|Pte. P. Dair          | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+     16303|L/Cpl. P. McSkimming  | K. in A.      11-2-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Jullundur St. Cemetery, Sann-i-yat.
+   S/16353|Pte. H. McKay         | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+     17481|Corpl. H. Bowman      | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+     17483|Pte. J. Eglin         | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/19311|Pte. G. Neilson       | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+   S/19316|Pte. J. Sanderson     | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+     19426|Pte. J. Clark         | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+     19435|Pte. D. Aitken        | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+     19436|Pte. J. Crawford      | K. in A.      17-2-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Jullundur St. Cemetery, Sann-i-yat.
+     19450|Corpl. L. Wiseman     | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+     19456|Pte. J. Wilkinson     | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+        69|L/Cpl. A. McBurnie    |Died fr. Wds.   9-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+        79|Pte. E. Miller        |Died fr. Wds.  20-4-17     19 Cas. C1. Stn.
+          |                      |Sindiyeh Cemetery, T.C. 87, Sq. 1-H.
+     3/471|Pte. W. Taggart       |Died fr. Wds.  16-1-16     No. 5 Fd. Amb.
+          |                      | ...
+       828|Sergt. A. Downie      |Died fr. Wds.   5-5-16     3 B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+       941|A/Cpl. R. McNee       |Died fr. Wds.  22-1-16     3a B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+      1305|Pte. J. Macrae        |Died fr. Wds.  30-1-16     3a B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+      1381|Pte. G. Hendric       |Died fr. Wds.  30-1-16     3a B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/1755|Pte. P. McPhee        |Died fr. Wds.  24-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+      1831|Pte. A. Mauby         |Died fr. Wds.  17-1-16     No. 2 B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+      1947|Pte. T. Morrison      |Died fr. Wds.   6-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/2112|Pte. J. Welsh         |Died fr. Wds.  11-4-17     32 B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      |Amara Cemetery, Row No. II, A, Grave No. 13.
+      2117|L/Cpl. R. McBean      |Died fr. Wds.   8-2-16     3a B.G.H., Basra.
+          |                      |Basra.
+      2145|Sergt. G. McGregor    |Died fr. Wds.  7-12-16     20 B.F.A.
+          |                      |Br. Cemetery at 20 B.F.A., Falaheyeh, Row. No. 4
+    3/2312|Pte. H. Dand          |Died fr. Wds.  24-4-16     3a B.G.H., Basra
+          |                      | ...
+      2355|L/Cpl. J. Cunningham  |Died fr. Wds.  16-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Hassiawah, (15 mls. N. of Baghdad).
+      2381|Pte. W. Gibb          |Died fr. Wds.  22-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/2647|Pte. A. Robertson     |Died fr. Wds.  15-1-16     3a B.G.H., Amara
+          |                      | ...
+      2675|Pte. F. Morrison      |Died fr. Wds.  15-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/2742|Pte. H. McMillan      |Died fr. Wds. 19-12-16     20 B.F.A.
+          |                      |Cemetery at 20 B.F.A.
+    S/2876|Pte. R. Brown         |Died fr. Wds.  24-4-17     130 I.F.A.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/2903|Pte. W. Marshall      |Died fr. Wds.  22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/2920|Pte. J. Anderson      |Died fr. Wds.  24-1-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Chabela Mound Cemetery, T.C. 61, 16c, 48, 19,
+          |                      | Grave No. 2.
+    S/3198|Pte. J. Forbes        |Died fr. Wds.  12-4-16     R-P. B.G.H., Amara
+          |                      | ...
+    S/3358|L/Cpl. D. Richardson  |Died fr. Wds.  25-4-16     S.S. Mejidieh.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/3362|Pte. T. Welsh         |Died fr. Wds.   3-5-16     3 B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/3755|Pte. A. Ettrick       |Died fr. Wds.  24-4-16     S.S. Mejidieh.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/3934|Pte. A. Fleming       |Died fr. Wds.  25-4-16     3a B.G.H., Amara
+          |                      | ...
+    S/4004|Pte. B. Evans         |Died fr. Wds.  27-4-16     3a B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      |Amara.
+    S/4093|Corpl. J. Gillies     |Died fr. Wds.  22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/4218|Pte. W. Mackie        |Died fr. Wds.  24-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/5230|Pte. J. McDougall     |Died fr. Wds.  17-2-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Jullundur St. Cemetery, Sann-i-yat.
+    S/5658|Pte. T. S.            |Died fr. Wds.  26-4-16     S.S. Mejedeih.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/6436|Pte. F. Bewley        |Died fr. Wds.  24-3-17     3a B.S.H. S-Sd.
+          |                      |Sheikh-Saad Cemetery, Row 6, Gr. No. 364.
+    S/6689|Pte. W. Dewar         |Died fr. Wds.  18-2-16     3a B.G.H. Basra.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/6964|A/Cpl. G. Combe       |Died fr. Wds.   6-3-17     23 B.S.H. Amara.
+          |                      |Amara Cemetery, Grave No. VII, 6, 7.
+    S/6972|H. Rodgers            |Died fr. Wds.   6-9-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Cemetery at 20 B.F.A.
+    S/7122|Pte. A. Lamont        |Died fr. Wds.  25-1-16     3a B.G.H. Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7207|L/Cpl. J. Young       |Died fr. Wds.   5-3-16     3 B.G.H. Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7399|Pte. D. Urquhart      |Died fr. Wds.  20-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7427|Pte. A. Rae           |Died fr. Wds.   8-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7430|A/Cpl. D. Moncreiff   |Died fr. Wds.  13-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7479|Pte. J. Shannon       |Died fr. Wds.  19-1-16     3 B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7538|Pte. M. Stewart       |Died fr. Wds.  14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7730|Pte. J. Stewart       |Died fr. Wds.  22-6-16     The Field.
+          |                      |
+      8175|Sergt. J. Lugton      |Died fr. Wds.  15-3-17     Motor Convoy. 128 I.F.A.
+          |                      |5 miles N. of Tagi Rly. Stn. and
+          |                      | 40 E. of railway line.
+    S/8183|Pte. F. Scott         |Died fr. Wds.  22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8266|Pte. W. Stewart       |Died fr. Wds.   8-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+    S/8356|Pte. A. Trory         |Died fr. Wds.   7-9-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8709|Pte. J. Ferguson      |Died fr. Wds.  14-1-16     2 B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8856|Pte. J. Elliott       |Died fr. Wds.  22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/9159|Pte. C. Wilson        |Died fr. Wds.  24-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/9728|L/Cpl. E. Thomson     |Died fr. Wds.  15-3-17     128 I.F.A.
+          |                      | ...
+  RA/10072|Pte. J. Davy          |Died fr. Wds.  24-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10155|Pte. P. Welsh         |Died fr. Wds.   8-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+ SRA/10285|Pte. A. Harker        |Died fr. Wds.   8-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10432|Pte. T. Wilson        |Died fr. Wds.  15-3-17     128 I.F.A.
+          |                      |5 miles N. of Tagi Station
+          |                      | and 40 E. of Railway.
+  RA/10439|Pte. W. Hallam        |Died fr. Wds.  14-4-17     32 B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      |Amara Cemetery, Grave No. II, A, 14.
+   S/10639|Pte. J. Walker        |Died fr. Wds.  27-4-16     3a B.G.H., Basra.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10652|L/Cpl. A. Kay         |Died fr. Wds.  24-5-17     32 B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10654|L/Cpl. C. Williams    |Died fr. Wds.  24-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/11259|Pte. P. Hiley         |Died fr. Wds.  29-4-16     3a B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/11535|Pte. D. Smith         |Died fr. Wds.  22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/11769|Pte. J. Nicol         |Died fr. Wds.   1-6-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Cemetery at 20 B.F.A.
+   S/12162|Pte. W. Cannell       |Died fr. Wds.  24-4-17     130 I.F.A.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/12321|L/Cpl. L. Latto       |Died fr. Wds.  23-4-17     No. 7 B.F.A.
+          |                      |T.C. 96, 6-E, 3-1.
+   S/12512|Pte. A. Swanston      |Died fr. Wds.  24-2-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13103|Pte. W. Benson        |Died fr. Wds.  22-4-17     No. 19 B.F.A.
+          |                      |S.-E. of Ry. culvert about 4-3/4 miles
+          |                      | S.-E. of Istabulat Station, T.C. 97, K-9, 5-6.
+     13186|L/Cpl. W. Campbell    |Died fr. Wds.  15-3-17     128 I.F.A.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13260|Pte. W. Nelson        |Died fr. Wds.  14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13325|Pte. T. Simpson       |Died fr. Wds.  14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/14626|Pte. T. Hanvey        |Died fr. Wds.  23-4-17     130 I.F.A.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/16060|Pte. C. Ogilvie       |Died fr. Wds.  25-4-17     16 C.C.S.
+          |                      |Grave No. A-22 (Cemetery unknown).
+   S/16041|Pte. C. Gray          |Died fr. Wds.  26-4-17     32 B.G.H.
+          |                      |Amara Cemetery, Grave VIII, Block B-1.
+   S/16082|Pte. P. Glen          |Died fr. Wds.   9-5-17     2 B.G.H.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/16323|Pte. A. Thompson      |Died fr. Wds.  20-5-17     32 B.G.H.
+          |                      | ...
+     19445|Pte. D. Porter        |Died fr. Wds.  21-4-17     19 B.F.A.
+          |                      | ...
+      1062|Sgt. W. Hanton        |Enteric.        6-7-16     3 B.G.H.
+          |                      | ...
+       513|L/Cpl. G. Robertson   |Suffocation    24-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+      1549|Pte. J. Bennett       |Dysentery.     21-9-16     Sheikh-Saad.
+          |                      |Sheikh-Saad Cemetery, Grave No. F-59.
+    3/2008|Pte. D. Mathieson     |Gastritis.     18-6-17     Falaheyeh.
+          |                      |Cemetery at 26 B.F.A.
+    3/2475|A/Sgt. W. Chrystal    |Sun-stroke.    19-6-16     Kurna.
+          |                      |Christian burial ground, Kurna, Row B, Grave 11.
+      2750|Dmr. J. Watt          |Para-typh.     10-7-16     Sheikh-Saad.
+          |                      |Sheikh-Saad Cemetery, Grave No. 105
+    3/3572|Pte. G. Billington    |Para-typh.      1-7-16     Sheikh-Saad.
+          |                      |Sheikh-Saad Cemetery, Grave No. 105
+      3892|Pte. J. Sanderson     |Disease.       29-6-16     S.S. Malamir.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/4229|Pte. J. Clark         |Heat-stroke    26-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/4246|Pte. T. Clowe         |P.U.O.          7-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/4251|Pte. P. McGinley      |Suffocation    27-6-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/4252|Pte. S. Johnstone     |Enteric.        4-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/4874|Pte. J. Fettes        |Gastritis.     20-7-16     Falaheyeh.
+          |                      |Cemetery at 20 B.F.A.
+    S/6709|Pte. W. Sherriff      |Enteritis.     27-5-16     Falaheyeh.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/7229|Pte. E. Dunbar        |Heat-stroke     3-7-16     3 B.G.H.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7622|Pte. W. Ferguson      |Enteric.       3-10-16     33 B.G.H.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7643|Pte. E. Wallace       |Heat-stroke    20-7-16     Basrah.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8024|Pte. A. McLaren       |Dysentery.     29-5-16     3 B.G.H.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8040|Pte. S. Russell       |Dysentery.     21-6-16     R. Boat P-4.
+          |                      | ...
+      8052|Sgt. G. Warden        |Enteric.       26-5-17     127 C.F.A.
+          |                      | ...
+      8390|Pte. W. Murphy        |Typhus.        20-4-17     Amara.
+          |                      |Amara Cemetery, Grave No. VIII, A. 5.
+    S/8713|L/Cpl. J. Cairney     |Drowned Acc.   14-3-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8715|Pte. J. Oliphant      |N.Y.D. fever   17-8-16     Sheikh-Saad.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8888|Pte. D. Fleming       |Malaria.        2-8-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+      9852|Pte. J. Beattie       |Dysentery.    30-12-16     33 B.G.H.
+          |                      |Hakimeyeh Cemetery, Makina, Row C, No. 15.
+   S/10012|Pte. R. Cowper        |Cholera.       19-5-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10047|Pte. R. Broadbent     |Heat-stroke     1-7-16     Falaheyeh.
+          |                      |Cemetery at 20 B.F.A.
+ SRA/10271|Pte. A. Howard        |Enteric.        9-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+     10488|L/Cpl. D. Ramsay      |Dysentery.      2-5-16     3 B.G.H.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10527|Pte. H. Roberts       |Enteric.       14-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+      1757|Pte. P. Cameron       |Drowned.       15-8-16     Basrah.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/5414|Pte. R. Craigie       |Enteric.        8-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10591|Pte. T. Surgener      |Malaria.       15-7-16     Makina.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10599|Pte. J. Lewis         |Enteric.        8-8-16     Sheikh-Saad.
+          |                      |Sheikh-Saad Cemetery, Grave No. 184.
+   S/11537|Pte. J. Preston       |Dysentery     12-10-16     3 B.G.H.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/11540|Pte. W. Mills         |Enteric.       14-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/11709|Pte. B. McMeechan     |Disease.       27-6-16     Sheikh-Saad.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/12115|Pte. A. Robertson     |Enteric.       18-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/12328|Pte. J. Broadbent     |Heat stroke     5-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/12433|Pte. J. Kirkland      |Enteric.       24-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/12437|Pte. R. Younghusband  |Enteric.        5-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/12474|Pte. J. Porter        |Disease.       14-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/12519|Pte. J. Christie      |Bronche.       10-6-16     Alexandria.
+          |                      |Pneumonia
+          |                      | ...
+   S/12531|Pte. W. Morrison      |Dysentery.     22-9-16     Falaheyeh.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13131|L/Cpl. W. Forbes      |Dysentery.     20-7-16     Basrah.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13137|Pte. F. Docherty      |P.U.O.         28-6-16     Sheikh-Saad.
+          |                      |Sheikh-Saad Cemetery.
+   S/13144|Pte. S. Lennox        |Enteritis.     22-7-16     Basrah.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13145|Pte. J. McHugh        |Typhoid.       28-6-16     Sheikh-Sand.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13148|Pte. A. McDougall     |Enteric.       28-6-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13154|Pte. E. Ross          |Dysentery.     20-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13160|L/Cpl. J. Selkirk     |Disease.       29-6-16     S.S. Mejidieh.
+          |                      |Christian Burial-ground, Kurna, Row B, Grave 14.
+   S/13176|Pte. F. Tait          |Drowned.       23-6-16     Sheikh-Saad.
+          |                      | ...
+     13191|Pte. J. Carroll       |Disease.       29-6-16     S.S. Mejidieh.
+          |                      |Christian Burial-ground, Kurna, Row B, Grave 13.
+   S/13192|Pte. J. Connelly      |Heat-stroke    26-6-16     Sheikh-Saad.
+          |                      |Sheikh-Saad Cemetery.
+   S/13225|Pte. T. Davidson      |Enteric.        2-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13227|Pte. R. Boyd          |Enteritis.     30-6-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13233|Pte. J. Reddie        |Heat-stroke     2-7-16     3 B.G.H.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13234|Pte. N. Sweeney       |Dysentery.     21-7-16     Sheikh-Saad.
+          |                      |Sheikh-Saad Cemetery, Grave No. 18.
+   S/13243|Pte. J. Bain          |Disease.       28-6-16     Sheikh-Saad.
+          |                      |Sheikh-Saad Cemetery, Grave No. 18.
+   S/13913|Pte. C. McMillan      |Malaria.        3-7-16      Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13982|Pte. J. Duff          |Enteric.        8-7-16      Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13989|Pte. J. King          |Enteric.        4-3-17      3 B.G.H.
+          |                      |Hakameyeh Cemetery, Grave No. D-9
+   S/14009|Pte. G. Carson        |Drowned.       13-1-17      The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/14016|Pte. A. Flynn         |Enteric.       12-7-16      Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/15105|Pte. E. Gay           |Dysentery.    26-12-16      R. Boat P-53.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/15666|Pte. A. Bewick        |Jaundice.      25-6-17      16 C.C. Station.
+          |                      | ...
+     17512|Pte. C. Rattray       |Dysentery.     7-12-16      32 B.G.H.
+          |                      |Amara Cemetery, Plot C, Row 4, No. 9.
+   -------+----------------------+---------------------------------------------------
+
+
+_Nominal Roll of W.Os., N.C.Os., and men of the 2nd Battalion reported
+'Missing' or 'Wounded and missing' during the service of that Unit in
+I.E.F. "D"._
+
+(up to 31st July 1917).
+
+ +----------+-----------------------+----+----------------------+
+  Regimenta |     Rank and Name.    |Coy.|                      |
+   No.      |                       |    |                      |
+ +----------+-----------------------+----+----------------------|
+     S/7159 |L/C. Beattie, L.       | 4  |Missing, 7-1-16.      |
+     3/5192 |Pte. Black, W.         | 3  |W. and M., 7-1-16.    |
+     S/5198 |Pte. Dixon, J.         | 2  |Do.                   |
+    S/10496 |L/C. Haig, W.          | 1  |Do.                   |
+     3/2483 |Pte. Hutchison, G.     | 3  |Do.                   |
+       9661 |Pte. McConville, T.    | 4  |Do.                   |
+     S/7753 |Pte. Menelaws, G.      | 1  |Missing, 7-1-16.      |
+    S/10323 |Pte. Miller, J.        | 3  |W. and M., 7-1-16.    |
+     S/8005 |Pte. Nicholson, T.     | 2  |Missing, 7-1-16.      |
+     3/2901 |Pte. Smith, C.         | 1  |Do.                   |
+     S/7159 |Pte. Wilson, G.        | 4  |Do.                   |
+     S/7056 |L/C. Carmichael, B.    | 1  |Missing, 8-1-16.      |
+       8408 |C.Q.M.S. Jessop, A.    | 2  |Do.                   |
+       2718 |Pte. McKnight, J.      | 2  |Do.                   |
+       1110 |Pte. Duncan, D.        | 2  |Do.                   |
+            |                       |    | Died a Prisoner of   |
+            |                       |    | War at Mosul, 1-3-16.|
+     S/8257 |Pte. Campbell, H.      | 2  |W. and M., 13-1-16.   |
+       1891 |Pte. Kerwin, J.        | 1  |Missing, 13-1-16.     |
+     S/8730 |Pte. Rodger, A.        | 2  |W. and M., 13-1-16.   |
+     S/8319 |Pte. Armstrong, G.     | 3  |W. and M., 21-1-16.   |
+     3/3389 |Pte. Bain, J.          | 2  |Missing, 21-1-16.     |
+     S/9034 |Pte. Barnes, C.        | 1  |Do.                   |
+       1166 |Pte. Baxter, F.        | 1  |Do.                   |
+       1862 |L/C. Birse, A.         | 3  |W. and M., 21-1-16.   |
+     S/8750 |Pte. Bradie, J.        | 2  |Missing, 21-1-16.     |
+     S/8496 |Pte. Cairns, W.        | 2  |Do.                   |
+     S/8912 |Pte. Chapman, A.       | 4  |Do.                   |
+     S/8417 |Pte. Crerar, J. ..     | 2  |Do.                   |
+     S/7104 |Pte. Dalziell, G.      | 2  |Do.                   |
+       1234 |Pte. Docherty, N.      | 1  |Do.                   |
+     3/2872 |Pte. Dunleavy, A.      | 2  |Do.                   |
+     S/8874 |Pte. Fairfull, J.      | 1  |Do.                   |
+        166 |A/C. Gair, M.          | 1  |Do.                   |
+     3/2282 |Pte. Garland, P.       | 4  |Do.                   |
+      10475 |Pte. Grey, J.          | 1  |Do.                   |
+     S/8452 |Pte. Hamilton, D.      | 1  |Do.                   |
+       9260 |Sgt. Humm, T.          | 2  |W. and M., 21-1-16.   |
+      10338 |Pte. Ireland, G.       | 3  |Missing, 21-1-16.     |
+    S/10161 |Pte. James, G.         | 4  |W. and M., 21-1-16.   |
+    S/10147 |Pte. Law, S.           | 1  |Missing, 21-1-16.     |
+    S/10337 |Pte. Leach, R.         | 1  |Do.                   |
+       1084 |Pte. McBride. G.       | 1  |Do.                   |
+     S/3984 |Pte. McComb, A.        | 1  |Do.                   |
+  SRA/10442 |Pte. McKenzie, J.      | 4  |Do.                   |
+     S/7574 |Pte. Matheson, P.      | 1  |Do.                   |
+     S/2941 |L/C. Menzies, J.       | 4  |Do.                   |
+     S/7936 |Pte. Mitchell, J.      | 1  |Do.                   |
+     S/8688 |Pte. Mitchell, W.      | 3  |Do.                   |
+       1921 |A/C. Murray, R.        | 1  |Do.                   |
+    S/10207 |A/S. Newton, R.        | 3  |W. and M., 21-1-16.   |
+     S/8494 |Pte. Ormiston, T.      | 3  |Do.                   |
+        887 |C.S.M. Oswald, W.      | 1  |Missing, 21-1-16.     |
+       1802 |Pte. Paton, J.         | 1  |Do.                   |
+      10501 |Pte. Pollock, D.       | 1  |Do.                   |
+     S/7120 |Pte. Rennie, S.        | 2  |Do.                   |
+        659 |Pte. Robertson, N.     | 1  |Do.                   |
+       1605 |A/C. Shand, D.         | 2  |Do.                   |
+        634 |Pte. Shaw, J.          | 3  |W. and M., 21-1-16.   |
+     3/3970 |Pte. Sim, D.           | 1  |Missing, 21-1-16.     |
+     S/7658 |L/C. Spriggs, W.       | 3  |W. and M., 21-1-16.   |
+     8/3854 |L/C. Swan, T.          | 4  |Missing, 21-1-16.     |
+     S/8880 |Pte. Thomson, P.       | 3  |Do.                   |
+     S/7621 |Pte. Vanbeick, A.      | 2  |Do.                   |
+     S/8744 |Pte. Weatherspoon, R.  | 2  |Do.                   |
+      10242 |Pte. Westrop, W.       | 1  |Do.                   |
+     S/8932 |Pte. Whyte D.          | 3  |W. and M., 21-1-16.   |
+     S/6733 |Pte. Wilkins, E.       | 1  |Missing, 21-1-16.     |
+       1989 |Pte. Wilson, R.        | 3  |Do.                   |
+     S/7902 |Pte. Worthington, H.   | 1  |W. and M., 21-1-16.   |
+    S/10029 |Pte. Irving, R.        | 1  |Missing, 28-1-16.     |
+     S/7032 |Cpl. Cumming, G.       | 3  |W. and M., 6-4-16.    |
+    S/10576 |Pte. Barbour, W.       | 2  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+    8/11800 |Pte. Beattie, G.       | 3  |Do.                   |
+        898 |Pte. Beveridge, J.     | 2  |Do.                   |
+    S/10641 |Pte. Buchan, J.        | 2  |Do.                   |
+    S/10579 |Pte. Campbell, J.      | 3  |Do.                   |
+        682 |Pte. Carr, A.          | 4  |Do.                   |
+     S/9850 |Pte. Churchard, R.     | 3  |W. and M., 22-4-16.   |
+    S/10563 |Pte. Clark, T.         | 2  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+     S/4235 |Pte. Cranson, J.       | 1  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+     S/9562 |Pte. Currie, W.        | 2  |Do.                   |
+     S/8638 |Pte. Fleming, W.       | 2  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+            |                       |    | Officially reported  |
+            |                       |    | killed in action,    |
+            |                       |    | 22/4.                |
+    S/10581 |Pte. Ford, W.          | 3  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+    S/10560 |Pte. Gouge, F.         | 2  |Do.                   |
+     3/8960 |Cpl. Green, H.         | 2  |Do.                   |
+     S/8594 |Pte. Hamilton, J.      | 3  |Do.                   |
+    S/10671 |Pte. Hamilton, D.      | 2  |Do.                   |
+    S/10644 |Pte. Henderson, W.     | 4  |W. and M., 22-4-16.   |
+    S/11758 |Pte. Kirkham, W.       | 2  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+     S/9501 |Pte. Lauchlan, W.      | 2  |Do.                   |
+    S/10568 |Pte. Low, W.           | 2  |Do.                   |
+    S/11966 |Pte. McCarthy, A.      | 2  |Do.                   |
+    S/10135 |Pte. McGlennon, J.     | 2  |Do.                   |
+     3/4223 |Pte. McGregor, A.      | 4  |Do.                   |
+    S/10662 |Pte. McLaren, J.       | 2  |Do.                   |
+       1889 |Pte. McLean, R.        | 3  |Do.                   |
+       2635 |Pte. Marshall, D.      | 1  |Do.                   |
+     S/4379 |Pte. Marshall, G.      | 3  |Do.                   |
+     S/7697 |Pte. Montgomery, H.    | 1  |Do.                   |
+    S/11286 |Pte. Morgan, G.        | 4  |W. and M., 22-4-16.   |
+     S/3346 |Pte. Morrison, D.      | 1  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+       8166 |Pte. Morrison, S.      | 1  |Do.                   |
+    S/10536 |L/C. Ramsay, J.        | 2  |Do.                   |
+    S/11751 |Pte. Russell, J.       | 2  |Do.                   |
+    S/11557 |Pte. Smith, A.         | 2  |Do.                   |
+    S/11753 |Pte. Smith, E.         | 2  |Do.                   |
+     S/3708 |Pte. Sinclair, J.      | 1  |Do.                   |
+    S/11390 |Pte. Stewart, J.       | 1  |Do.                   |
+    S/11607 |Pte. Styles, S.        | 1  |Do.                   |
+       1459 |L/C. Torrance, G.      | 3  |Do.                   |
+     S/4076 |Pte. Walker, J.        | 1  |W. and M., 22-4-16.   |
+       7908 |C.S.M. Wilkie, A.      | 1  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+       2772 |Pte. Whyte, R.         | 4  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+            |                       |    | Officially accepted  |
+            |                       |    | as having died       |
+            |                       |    | between 22-4-16 and  |
+            |                       |    | 2-2-17.              |
+     S/4239 |Pte. Wilson, R.        | 1  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+    S/10674 |Pte. Wilson, J.        | 2  |Missing, 22-4-17.     |
+            |                       |    | Officially reported  |
+            |                       |    | killed in action,    |
+            |                       |    | 22-4-16.             |
+    S/10668 |Pte. Wilson, J.        | 2  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+    S/10540 |L/C. Wood, C.          | 1  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+            |                       |    | Officially           |
+            |                       |    | reported killed      |
+            |                       |    | in action, 22-4-16.  |
+    S/15657 |Pte. Carlyle, W.       | 1  |Missing, 14-3-17.     |
+      15613 |Pte. Cook, J.          | 1  |W. and M. 14-3-17.    |
+    3/10222 |Pte. Harris, A.        | 2  |Do.                   |
+    S/11776 |Pte. Hewitt, G.        | 1  |Do.                   |
+    S/11307 |L/C. Hutchison, J.     | 1  |Do.                   |
+    S/15892 |Pte. Jennings, R.      | 1  |Do.                   |
+    S/15080 |Pte. Watt, J.          | 4  |Do.                   |
+    S/13905 |Pte. Batchelor, C.     | 3  |Missing, 21-4-17.     |
+    S/11835 |Pte. Burnett, W.       | 3  |Do.                   |
+     S/3569 |Pte. Campbell, J.      | 4  |Do.                   |
+      17494 |Pte. Gilfillan, T.     | 2  |Do.                   |
+            |                       |____|                      |
+            |    TOTAL              |125 |Of whom 4 have now    |
+            |                       |    | been officially      |
+            |                       |    | reported as died or  |
+            |                       |    | killed in action.    |
+  +---------+-----------------------+----+----------------------+
+
+
+  Total Missing, battle of 7th Jan. 1916       11
+    Do.          do.      13th January 1916     3
+    Do.          do.      21st January 1916    50
+    Do.          do.      22nd April 1916      44
+    Do.          do.      14th March 1917       7
+    Do.          do.      21st April 1917       4
+  Missing, various dates                        6
+
+
+PRISONERS OF WAR.
+
+  ------------+---------------------+----+----------------------+
+   Regimental |                     |    |                      |
+      No.     |   Rank and Name     |Coy.|                      |
+  ------------+---------------------+----+----------------------+
+    SRA/10254 | Pte. Cottle, T.     | 1  |Pris. of War, Mosul.  |
+              |                     |    | Captured, 7-1-16.    |
+      S/11543 | Pte. McDonald, G.   | .. |Pris. of War, Afion   |
+              |                     |    | Kara Hissar, Captured|
+              |                     |    | 22-4-16.             |
+    SRA/10062 | Pte. Debnam, J.     | 4  |Captured, 21-1-16.    |
+              |                     |    | Released in September|
+              |                     |    | 1916 and invalided   |
+              |                     |    | to India.            |
+  ------------+---------------------+----+----------------------+
+
+
+
+
+GENERAL HEAD QUARTERS.
+
+I.E.F. "D."
+
+ORDER OF THE DAY, No. 53.
+
+
+After a period of severe and strenuous fighting extending with only
+short pauses over a period of two months, I wish to express to the
+Navy, to Lieut.-Generals Marshall and Cobb, to the Divisional and
+Brigade Commanders, to the staffs including my own and to all ranks of
+the fighting troops, my warmest thanks for their splendid work and my
+congratulations on their brilliant successes. To the Regimental
+Officers, N.C.Os. and men, a special word is due for their matchless
+heroism and fighting spirit, and for their grit and determination so
+fully in accord with the best traditions of British and Indian
+Regiments. Whilst regretting deeply the casualties necessarily
+incurred in the attainment of our object, the series of stinging blows
+dealt to the enemy, his severe losses which are out of all proportion
+to the size of his force and his obviously faltering spirit afford
+ample proof to all ranks that their sacrifices have not been made in
+vain. My thanks too are due to Major-General MacMunn, to the Director
+and their assistants and to all ranks of the Administrative Services
+and Departments, both in the field and on the lines of communication
+who in face of unexampled difficulties have by sterling work and
+energy risen superior to them and regularly met the needs of the
+fighting troops with ample supplies, stores and munitions without
+which the loss of lives would have been considerably increased and
+success rendered impossible, and have been the means of providing
+every comfort, attainable for the sick and wounded. To each and every
+member of the Navy and Army and to those who, though not belonging to
+either of the services have helped to bring about the results achieved
+I tender my earnest thanks for their wholehearted and magnificent
+efforts. The end is not yet; but with such absolute co-operation and
+vigour animating all continuance of our success is assured.
+
+                              (SD.) F. S. Maude, Lieut.-Gent.,
+                                   _Commanding I.E.F. "D."_
+  _15th February 1917._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GENERAL HEAD QUARTERS.
+
+I.E.F. "D."
+
+ORDER OF THE DAY, No. 64.
+
+
+I have received the following message from His Imperial Majesty the
+King-Emperor:--
+
+     "March 11th.--It is with greatest satisfaction that I have
+     received the good news that you have occupied Baghdad. I heartily
+     congratulate you and your troops on the success achieved under so
+     many difficulties.--George R.I."
+
+I have sent the following reply:--
+
+     "March 12th.--Your Imperial Majesty's gracious message has been
+     communicated to all ranks of the forces serving in Mesopotamia by
+     whom it has been received with feelings of intense gratitude,
+     loyalty and devotion. The difficulties by which we have been
+     confronted have only increased our determination to surmount
+     them."
+
+
+The following are some of the other messages received and replies
+sent:--
+
+From His Excellency the Viceroy of India:--
+
+     "March 13th.--My most hearty congratulations to yourself and the
+     troops under your command on the capture of Baghdad which has
+     been achieved by their gallantry and devotion to duty."
+
+     "March 14th.--Your Excellency's kind message has been received
+     with sincere gratitude by all ranks of the forces in Mesopotamia.
+     Nothing could have exceeded the valour and endurance of the
+     troops both British and Indian under trying conditions."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From The Grand Duke Nicholas:--
+
+     "March 10th.--I and the Caucasus Army send heartiest
+     congratulations on the new success won by the glorious troops
+     under your command. The Caucasus Army will do all in their power
+     to further your developments and successes."
+
+     "March 12th.--On behalf of the troops serving in Mesopotamia I
+     beg to thank your Imperial Highness very warmly for kind message
+     which is much appreciated by us all. Our Russian comrades in
+     Caucasus may rest assured that we shall continue to do our utmost
+     to assist their operations already so successfully commenced."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the Right Hon'ble the Secretary of State for War:--
+
+     "March 13th.--His Majesty's Government desire me to convey to you
+     and all ranks under your command their cordial congratulations on
+     the noble feat of arms which has led to your occupation of
+     Baghdad. They fully recognise the difficulties which you have
+     faced and overcome and wish to express their high appreciation of
+     the skilful plan of operations, the careful co-ordination of the
+     administrative work and the courage and endurance of the troops."
+
+     "March 14th.--Your message conveying approbation of His Majesty's
+     Government with respect to our efforts has been received with
+     widespread pleasure by all ranks of the forces in Mesopotamia.
+     The difficulties by which we were met were soon swept aside by
+     the dauntless valour and endurance of the troops ably seconded by
+     the thorough and smooth working of the administrative services."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From His Excellency the Commander-in-Chief in India:--
+
+     "March 12th.--To you and your gallant troops I desire to convey
+     my own and the warmest congratulations of all ranks in India on
+     your splendid achievements. The valour, devotion to duty and
+     determination which have defeated a stubborn enemy and culminated
+     in the capture of Baghdad evoke our highest admiration."
+
+     "March 14th.--All ranks of the forces in Mesopotamia thank Your
+     Excellency most warmly for your most kind message. It is a
+     particular source of satisfaction to us to feel that our efforts
+     are appreciated so thoroughly by our comrades in India. British
+     and Indian troops have vied with each other in valour and
+     endurance and difficulties met with have only stimulated our
+     determination to surmount them."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From Admiral Sir David Beatty, G.C.B., K.C.V.O., D.S.O.:--
+
+     "March 12th.--Please accept, on behalf of the Grand Fleet and
+     myself, our admiration and congratulations upon the magnificent
+     achievement in capturing Baghdad by the gallant forces under your
+     command."
+
+     "March 14th.--Your message has been received with widespread
+     pleasure by all ranks of the forces in Mesopotamia. During
+     operations the Navy has, as usual, played its part nobly. We are
+     particularly proud at receiving congratulations from the Grand
+     Fleet, which has itself done much superb work consistently during
+     past two and a half years."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, G.C.B., G.C.V.O., K.C.I.E.,
+Commander-in-Chief Armies in France:--
+
+     "March 16th.--Your brilliant achievements and continued successes
+     are a great delight and a great encouragement to all ranks under
+     my command."
+
+     "March 16th.--Most grateful for kind message--much valued."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From Vice-Admiral Sir Rosslyn E. Wemyss, K.C.B., C.M.G., M.V.O., Naval
+Commander-in-Chief, British East Indies:--
+
+     "March 14th.--Please accept hearty congratulations of self and
+     whole of Indian Squadron on your splendid success. I am proud to
+     think that the Royal Navy has been able to co-operate with your
+     troops."
+
+     "March 16th.--Most grateful to you and East Indies Squadron for
+     kind message. Royal Navy here have co-operated with our
+     operations brilliantly."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From General Sir Archibald Murray, K.C.B., K.C.M.G., C.V.O., D.S.O.,
+Commander-in-Chief, Egyptian Expeditionary force:--
+
+     "Your splendid series of successes are being watched with the
+     profoundest delight and gratification by all ranks of the
+     Egyptian Force. Bridging operations must have been grandly
+     carried out. Once more our heartiest congratulations."
+
+     "Most grateful for kind message. All ranks appreciate it,
+     especially coming as it does from a Commander and troops who have
+     themselves done so brilliantly. Our troops here have been quite
+     magnificent."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From Lieut.-General G. F. Milne, C.B., D.S.O., Commander-in-Chief
+British Forces at Salonika:--
+
+     "March 12th.--Hearty congratulations to you and your Army from
+     all ranks of the Salonika Force."
+
+     "March 13th.--We all thank you very warmly for kind message."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From Major-General A. R. Hoskins, C.M.G., D.S.O., Commanding East
+African Force:--
+
+     "March 13th.--Hearty congratulations from all ranks East African
+     Force to Mesopotamian Force on brilliant achievements."
+
+     "March 16th.--Most grateful for kind message much appreciated by
+     us all."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the Right Hon'ble the Lord Mayor of London:--
+
+     "March 13th.--The City of London sends hearty congratulations on
+     the capture of the historic City of Baghdad."
+
+     "March 14th.--Your Lordship's kind message conveying
+     congratulations of the City of London is very warmly appreciated
+     by all ranks of the forces in Mesopotamia. Qualities of courage
+     and endurance displayed by troops throughout operations have been
+     superb."
+
+                              F. S. MAUDE, _Lieut.-General_,
+                         Commanding Indian Expeditionary Force "D."
+  _30th March 1917._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GENERAL HEAD QUARTERS.
+
+I.E.F. "D."
+
+ORDER OF THE DAY, No. 66.
+
+
+In pursuance of the authority delegated to me by His Imperial Majesty
+the King-Emperor, I make the following awards for gallantry and
+distinguished service in the field:--
+
+_Awarded the Military Cross._
+
+CAPTAIN ROBERT MACFARLANE--For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to
+duty. Although wounded early in the action he continued to lead his
+Company with great determination until the evening, when the position
+was finally taken by a bayonet charge. With great courage and skill he
+led his Company up to a position from which he was able to enfilade
+the enemy at close range, thereby greatly assisting the charge.
+
+SECOND-LIEUTENANT BENJAMIN SMITH HOUSTON,--For conspicuous gallantry
+and ability in leading the second line of his battalion with excellent
+judgment under heavy fire. After reinforcing the first line he took
+command of the left portion of it including some 60 men of an Indian
+Infantry regiment who were without an officer and led them on during
+the charge and subsequent advance on the railway station. He had
+recently done fine work when in command of a patrol.
+
+
+_Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal._
+
+No. 1081, SERGEANT JAMES STRACHAN--For conspicuous gallantry and
+ability in action. When all four of his Company Officers had been
+wounded, he took command of the left flank of the battalion. He ably
+directed their fire and later led forward what remained of his company
+across the open and drove the enemy out of his position taking some
+prisoners.
+
+NO. 19438, LANCE-CORPORAL GEORGE MCGABE,--For conspicuous gallantry
+and resource during operations. Seeing that a gap existed between an
+Indian Regiment and his own, and that the former in this locality had
+lost all their officers, he took charge of their Lewis guns and filled
+the gap. Later, he was conspicuous for his gallantry in leading the
+Indian Infantrymen in the charge across the open.
+
+
+_Awarded the Military Medal._
+
+No. 2262, SERGEANT FRANK CONNEL.
+
+                              F. S. MAUDE, _Lieut.-General_,
+                                   Commanding I.E.F. "D".
+_31st March 1917._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GENERAL HEAD QUARTERS.
+
+I.E.F. "D."
+
+ORDER OF THE DAY, No. 76.
+
+
+His Imperial Majesty the King-Emperor, has conveyed the following
+message to me:--
+
+     "May 8th.--The series of successes achieved in defeating the
+     Turkish Forces brought against you since your capture of Baghdad
+     reflect the very highest credit upon you and all ranks under your
+     command. Your progress is all the more appreciated by your fellow
+     countrymen in that they are conscious of the trying conditions
+     under which your troops have fought.--George R.I."
+
+The following reply has been sent by me:--
+
+     "May 9th.--Your Imperial Majesty's gracious message expressing
+     approbation of our recent successes has filled all ranks of the
+     Navy and Army in Mesopotamia with loyal enthusiasm. The valour
+     and devotion to duty of the troops conscious of their superiority
+     over the enemy have been superb, whilst in spite of great heat
+     recently experienced their health remains most satisfactory."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the Right Hon'ble the Secretary of State for War:--
+
+     "May 8th.--War Cabinet desire me to convey their high
+     appreciation of your recent operations which have resulted in the
+     defeat of the enemy's forces and the successful occupation of the
+     greater part of the Baghdad Vilayat. The splendid spirit and
+     gallantry displayed by the troops under trying climatic
+     conditions and the skill shown by your subordinate commanders
+     merit high commendation and are a proof of the efficiency and
+     devotion to duty of all ranks of the force under your command."
+
+     "May 9th.--Your telegram conveying approval of War Cabinet at
+     success of our recent operations is greatly appreciated by all
+     ranks in Mesopotamia. Fighting spirit and endurance of troops
+     have been admirable throughout in spite of great heat recently."
+
+                              F. S. MAUDE, _Lieut.-General_,
+                         Commanding Indian Expeditionary Force "D."
+  _11th May 1917._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GENERAL HEAD QUARTERS.
+
+I.E.F. "D."
+
+ORDER OF THE DAY, No. 82.
+
+
+In pursuance of the authority delegated to me by His Imperial Majesty
+the King-Emperor, I make the following award for gallantry and
+distinguished service in the field:--
+
+_Awarded a Bar to Distinguished Conduct Medal._
+
+No. 1543, SERGEANT CHARLES EASTON.--For conspicuous gallantry in
+action. Seeing that an officer had been hit some 80 yards in front of
+his post and was unable to move owing to continuous sniping, he ran
+forward, dressed his wounds, and got him back to the river bank. As
+sniping still continued, he swam the river, supporting the wounded
+Officer, and gained the other bank. Had the Officer not been moved, he
+must again have been hit by the enemy's snipers who were within 300
+yards.
+
+                              F. S. MAUDE, _Lieut.-General_,
+                         Commanding Indian Expeditionary Force "D."
+  _17th June 1917._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GENERAL HEAD QUARTERS.
+
+MESOPOTAMIAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE.
+
+ORDER OF THE DAY, No. 96.
+
+
+In pursuance of the authority delegated to me by His Imperial Majesty
+the King-Emperor, I make the following awards for gallantry and
+distinguished service in connection with operations in the field
+covering the period April 1st to September 30th, 1917, inclusive.
+
+_Awarded Second Bar to Distinguished Conduct Medal._
+
+No. 2702, SERGEANT WILLIAM LOGAN.--For conspicuous gallantry and
+ability. At a critical moment he led forward a party of bombers under
+heavy fire and controlled them with great skill until wounded. By his
+courage and coolness he materially assisted in repelling a
+counter-attack and in re-taking a redoubt, [Awarded D.C.M., _London
+Gazette_, 20th October, 1916, Bar to D.C.M., _London Gazette_, 29th
+August, 1917].
+
+
+_Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal._
+
+No. 3-2377, PRIVATE GEORGE BEVERIDGE.--For conspicuous gallantry and
+initiative. He repeatedly carried messages back from the firing line
+under heavy fire and, at a critical moment, rallied his comrades
+after a counter-attack and led them to the final capture of the
+position. His courage and dash were most marked.
+
+No. 2334, PRIVATE JOSEPH CLARK.--For conspicuous gallantry and
+devotion to duty. He displayed great resource and initiative in
+re-organising both British and Indian troops after a counter-attack,
+in time to meet successfully a second one. His bravery and coolness
+throughout the day greatly encouraged his men. He has done fine work
+on other occasions.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GENERAL HEAD QUARTERS.
+
+MESOPOTAMIAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE.
+
+ORDER OF THE DAY. No. 102.
+
+
+The following extract from the _London Gazette_ is published for
+general information:--
+
+His Majesty the King has been graciously pleased to approve of the
+award of the Victoria Cross to the undermentioned Officers,
+Non-commissioned Officers and Men:--
+
+WAR OFFICE,
+
+_26th November 1917._
+
+No. 871, PRIVATE CHARLES MELVIN, Highlander Regiment
+(_Kirriemuir_).--For most conspicuous bravery, coolness and resource
+in action. Pte. Melvin's Company had advanced to within fifty yards of
+the front-line trench of a redoubt, where, owing to the intensity of
+the enemy's fire, the men were obliged to lie down and wait for
+reinforcements. Pte. Melvin, however, rushed on by himself, over
+ground swept from end to end by rifle and machine gun fire. On
+reaching the enemy trench, he halted and fired two or three shots into
+it, killing one or two enemy, but as the others in the trench
+continued to fire at him, he jumped into it, and attacked them with
+his bayonet in his hand, as owing to his rifle being damaged, it was
+not "fixed." On being attacked in this resolute manner most of the
+enemy fled to their second line, but not before Pte. Melvin had killed
+two more and succeeded in disarming eight unwounded and one wounded.
+Pte. Melvin bound up the wounds of the wounded man, and then driving
+his eight unwounded prisoners before him, and supporting the wounded
+one he hustled them out of the trench, marched them in and delivered
+them over to an officer. He then provided himself with a load of
+ammunition and returned to the firing line where he reported himself
+to his platoon sergeant. All this was done, not only under intense
+rifle and machine gun fire, but the whole way back Pte. Melvin and his
+party were exposed to a very heavy artillery barrage fire. Throughout
+the day Pte. Melvin greatly inspired those near him with confidence
+and courage.
+
+                              W. R. MARSHALL, _Lieut.-General_,
+                              Commanding-in-Chief,
+                              Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force.
+  GENERAL HEADQUARTERS,
+  _6th March 1918._
+
+
+
+
+Printed and published by E. G. Pearson at the Times Press,
+Bombay--2519'18
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of With a Highland Regiment in Mesopotamia, by 
+Anonymous
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HIGHLAND REGIMENT IN MESOPOTAMIA ***
+
+***** This file should be named 22103-8.txt or 22103-8.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/2/2/1/0/22103/
+
+Produced by Michael Ciesielski, Christine P. Travers and
+the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
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+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<title>The Project Gutenberg e-Book of With a Highland Regiment in Mesopotamia Author: One of its Officer</title>
+
+
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+
+
+<pre>
+
+Project Gutenberg's With a Highland Regiment in Mesopotamia, by Anonymous
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: With a Highland Regiment in Mesopotamia
+       1916--1917
+
+Author: Anonymous
+
+Release Date: July 19, 2007 [EBook #22103]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HIGHLAND REGIMENT IN MESOPOTAMIA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Michael Ciesielski, Christine P. Travers and
+the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<p>[Transcriber's note: Obvious printer's errors have been corrected,
+all other inconsistencies are as in the original. Author's spelling has been
+maintained.]</p>
+
+
+
+<h1>WITH A HIGHLAND<br>
+
+REGIMENT IN MESOPOTAMIA</h1>
+
+
+
+
+<a id="img001" name="img001"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img001.jpg" width="500" height="293" alt="general sir stanley maude and his staff" title="general sir stanley maude and his staff">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">GENERAL SIR STANLEY MAUDE AND HIS STAFF, BAGHDAD, 1917.</span> <i>Frontispiece.</i></p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h1>WITH A<br>
+HIGHLAND REGIMENT<br>
+IN MESOPOTAMIA<br>
+1916-1917</h1>
+
+<p class="center">BY</p>
+
+<h5>ONE OF ITS OFFICERS</h5>
+
+<p class="center">BOMBAY<br>
+THE TIMES PRESS<br>
+1918</p>
+
+
+<p class="center p4"><strong>TO<br>
+THE CHILDREN OF THE OFFICERS AND MEN<br>
+  OF THE &mdash;&mdash; REGIMENT</strong></p>
+
+<p class="center smcap"><strong>BRIEFLY DESCRIBING THE DOINGS OF THE<br>
+  2ND BATTALION IN MESOPOTAMIA<br>
+  WRITTEN SO THAT THEY MAY NOT FORGET THE<br>
+  HARDSHIPS ENDURED AND THE SACRIFICES WHICH<br>
+  HAVE BEEN MADE ON THEIR BEHALF<br>
+  1916-1917.</strong></p>
+
+
+<h2>AUTHOR'S NOTE.</h2>
+
+
+<p>In writing this short account of the 2nd Battalion in Mesopotamia, my
+aim has not been to write a military history of all that was achieved;
+that will be the task of some one more competent to judge of merits
+and demerits than myself. My object has been to give an account in
+simple language of the two years spent by the Battalion in the Iraq,
+so that the children of the men of the regiment may know of the brave
+deeds and the hardships cheerfully borne on their behalf.</p>
+
+<p>Two articles describing our last two battles are here reprinted with
+the permission of Brigadier-General A. G. Wauchope, from whom I have
+also received many details of our earlier fights, and I am also
+indebted for information to Captains J. Macqueen, W. E. Blair, W. A.
+Young, Sergeant-Major W. S. Clark, and other officers of the
+Battalion.</p>
+
+<p class="add2em">
+  <span class="smcap">Mesopotamia,</span><br>
+  <i>October, 1917.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="p4 center"><i>Telegram from</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">HIS MAJESTY THE KING.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Received by Colonel <span class="smcap">A. G. Wauchope</span>, D.S.O., Commanding, 2nd
+Battalion&mdash;January 1917.</p>
+
+<p>I thank you, Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers and men, for the card
+of New Year's greetings.</p>
+
+<p>I have followed the work of the Battalion with great interest. I know
+how well all ranks have done, what they have suffered, and that they
+will ever maintain the glorious tradition of the Regiment.</p>
+
+<p class="left50">GEORGE, R.I.,<br>
+<span class="add2em"><i>Colonel-in-Chief</i>.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p class="center"><i>Order by G. O. C., &mdash;&mdash; Division.</i></p>
+
+<p>I cannot speak too highly of the splendid gallantry of the &mdash;&mdash;
+Highlanders, aided by a party of the &mdash;&mdash; Jats, in storming the
+Turkish Trenches.</p>
+
+<p>Their noble achievement is one of the highest.</p>
+
+<p>They showed qualities of endurance and courage under circumstances so
+adverse, as to be almost phenomenal.</p>
+
+<p class="left50"><span class="smcap">Sir George Younghusband</span>,<br>
+<span class="add2em">Commanding &mdash;&mdash; Division.</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="p2">After the action fought on the 21st January 1916 on the Tigris the
+above was published.</p>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p class="center"><i>Letter to O. C. 2nd Battalion &mdash;&mdash;.</i></p>
+
+<p>Tell the men of your battalion that they have given, in the advance to
+the relief of Kut, brilliant examples of cool courage, and hard and
+determined fighting which could not be surpassed.</p>
+
+<p>
+  <span class="left50 smcap">Sir Percy Lake</span>,<br>
+  <span class="left30">Commanding the Army in Mesopotamia.</span><br>
+<span class="add2em"><i>July, 1916.</i></span></p>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p class="center"><i>General Munro, C.-in-C, Indian Army, addressing the &mdash;&mdash; Regiment,
+Tigris Front&mdash;October 1916.</i></p>
+
+<p>Your reputation is well known, I need say nothing more.</p>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p>To the &mdash;&mdash; Regiment.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>From Sir Stanley Maude, Army Commander&mdash;March 1917.</i></p>
+
+<p>You led the way into Baghdad, and to lead and be first is the proper
+place for your Regiment.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>WITH A HIGHLAND REGIMENT IN MESOPOTAMIA. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page001" name="page001"></a>(p. 001)</span></h2>
+
+<h2>CHAPTER 1.</h2>
+
+
+<p>At the outbreak of war, the 2nd Battalion &mdash;&mdash; was stationed at
+Bareilly, having been in India since the end of the South African War.
+Of the fighting in that campaign, the 2nd Battalion had had its full
+share. At first it formed part of General Wauchope's Highland Brigade
+and fought with traditional stubbornness at Magersfontein and
+Paadeburg, and later on identified its name with many of the captures
+and some of the hardest marches of that campaign.</p>
+
+<p>On the mobilisation of the Indian Corps, the 2nd Battalion formed part
+of a Brigade of the &mdash;&mdash;th Division and landed in France early in
+October 1914, and were in the trenches holding part of the line near
+Festubert before the end of the month. At no time, except in the early
+months of 1916 in Mesopotamia, was the Battalion so severely tried as
+in these first two months in France. The conditions certainly were
+comfortable neither to mind or body. The trenches were knee deep in
+mud and water, and were without dug-outs or shelters; the enemy were
+in great numbers and combined their aggressive tactics with the use of
+trench mortars and grenades, weapons of which we had neither knowledge
+nor training; of rest for man or officer there was little, yet
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page002" name="page002"></a>(p. 002)</span> no yard of trench entrusted to the Battalion was ever lost
+either in France or Mesopotamia. With the spring came better times,
+and at Neuve Chappelle a fine victory was won at small cost, but on
+the 9th of May the Battalion suffered heavily in making an attack from
+the Orchard in front of the Rue-de-Bois. Often and with pleasure have
+we in the Iraq looked back on that summer spent in Picardy. Scouts and
+snipers, machine gunners and bombers, we all have different memories
+of those stirring days as the battalion moved from month to month
+along the trenches from Givenchy Hill to Northward of Laventie; and of
+the days of rest in billets behind Bethune, Richebourg and the Rue de
+Paradis; memories of close comradeship, of well-loved friends, of most
+noble deeds and of lives freely given for King and Country. But the
+day we recall now and shall ever recall as the red letter day of the
+year is the 21st of September. Five battalions of the Regiment joined
+that day in the battle of Loos, and though separated in the line, at
+one in spirit, all five battalions swept forward regardless of loss,
+driving the enemy from their trenches, captured line after line of the
+position and penetrated deep into the German defences.</p>
+
+<p>The 2nd and 4th Battalions had attacked together from Fauguissart and,
+in reaching the Moulin de Pictre, an advance of two miles made with
+little support on either left flank or right, the losses had been so
+severe that the two battalions were afterwards amalgamated into one
+under the command of Colonel Wauchope. These two battalions, in
+conjunction with another Highland Regiment under Colonel Thompson,
+despite several attacks and four mines being blown up within our
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page003" name="page003"></a>(p. 003)</span> first line, held Givenchy Hill throughout October. Then, when
+the Germans quieted down in this neighbourhood, we returned to our old
+line near the Rue de Bois. There rumour had it that the Indian Corps
+was soon to be sent to Mesopotamia. Some welcomed the idea of change,
+no one looked forward to another four months of the mud of Flanders.
+Almost everyone who did not know imagined that they would be giving up
+every discomfort which the winter brought for a pic-nic in the East,
+and a quick, successful and enjoyable march to Baghdad, and so when
+the rumours were confirmed, the whole battalion was in great spirits.
+Some obtained short leave to say 'Good-Bye' to their friends across
+the channel before leaving for the East, where there would be no short
+visits home, no getting letters and parcels daily, but the Regiment
+had gained great honour beneath foreign skies, so probably it was
+going to add to them even if it was only establishing marching records
+along the Tigris to their goal at Baghdad. Besides, was not Townshend
+and his gallant force in danger in Kut? And the idea of forming part
+of the relieving column appealed to every man.</p>
+
+<p>So at the end of November the Regiment entrained behind that long
+Western Front where they had fought for so many months against such
+terrific odds, and where so many gallant comrades lay buried, and
+everyone was happy, and no one thought that within a few short weeks
+the battalion would practically cease to exist. Before they arrived in
+France, many had never left the shores of Great Britain, and now they
+were embarking on an Expedition that would reveal to them some of the
+wonders of the East. Is it any wonder, under those circumstances, that
+no one was downhearted?</p>
+
+<p>The <span class="pagenum"><a id="page004" name="page004"></a>(p. 004)</span> train journey through the heart of France from the mud of
+the trenches, leaving the cold and cheerless days behind for the sunny
+south was full of interest, and of looking forward to what was in
+store. Marseilles, that busy Mediterranean Port which has seen such
+wonderful scenes of troops arriving from all parts of the world, and
+of all colours, naturally turned out to see the Regiment it had
+welcomed to defend its Frontiers a year before, and which was now
+en-route to defend and fight for the honour of the Allied cause three
+thousand miles away. And so on December the 6th, it was 'Good-Bye' to
+the pleasant land of France, and the Regiment embarked on the
+Transport nine hundred and fifty strong. Having suffered heavy
+casualties on the Western Front, few of the original number left
+France, bound for Basrah <i>via</i> the Suez Canal.</p>
+
+<p>Before leaving, in appreciation of the stubborn fighting in the battle
+of Loos by the 2nd Battalion, the Cross of the Legion of Honour was
+conferred on the Commanding Officer, Colonel A. G. Wauchope, D.S.O.
+Never was an honour more richly deserved, never was the conferring of
+one more popular. No one who has not served in the Regiment can
+possibly be aware of what the Colonel has done to make his Battalion
+one of the most efficient in Mesopotamia. I was very interested in
+listening to a story told me by a brother officer who was standing
+alone in a traverse of a trench. Two Staff Officers were talking in
+the next traverse and he heard one remark: "Of course, out here at the
+present the Regiment is Wauchope, and Wauchope is the Regiment." It is
+a name most closely connected with the fortunes of the &mdash;&mdash; Regiment.</p>
+
+<a id="img002" name="img002"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img002.jpg" width="300" height="510" alt="At The Base" title="At The Base">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">AT THE BASE</span>.<br> Scene on a creek below Basrah.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img003" name="img003"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img003.jpg" width="300" height="497" alt="Colonel A. G. Wauchope" title="Colonel A. G. Wauchope">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">COLONEL A. G. WAUCHOPE</span>, C.M.G., D.S.O.,<br> Commanding The
+2nd Battalion &mdash;&mdash;.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The <span class="pagenum"><a id="page005" name="page005"></a>(p. 005)</span> journey was a pleasant one; the wonderful change from the
+damp depressing dug-out to a comfortable cabin was appreciated by the
+officers, and a dry and comfortable place to sleep in, instead of
+trying to sleep in the mud of a fire trench was welcomed by the men.</p>
+
+<p>The usual stay at Port Said after successfully evading the submarines,
+where the wily Arab fleeces the unsuspecting Tommy, was not without
+interest. The Padre tells an interesting story about how, when he was
+returning from home leave to the Regiment in India in 1913, he had his
+fortune told by one of the many fantastic liars that fatten on the
+stories they weave in this Eastern cesspool. The Fortune-teller told
+him that within a year he would be returning to Europe by the same
+canal. In those piping days of peace he never suspected that it would
+be with the regiment on Active Service but when almost to the day and
+within the year, he passed through Port Said on his way to France,
+this one saying at least of the Fortune-teller was forcibly brought
+home to his mind.</p>
+
+<p>Egypt in December is delightful, and more than one expressed the wish
+that for a time at all events they could be stationed in this most
+wonderful country. The Canal displayed enormous activity, there had
+been no such activity since the days when it was made. Thousands of
+Arabs and others toiled and died in making this great work. To-day the
+Canal is guarded by thousands of troops. Enormous camps have been
+established at different places, and Posts are in existence all along
+the waterway. It being so narrow, 3-worded conversations take place
+between the troops on the banks and the men on the Trooper. 'Who are
+you?' asked <span class="pagenum"><a id="page006" name="page006"></a>(p. 006)</span> the men on the bank. When the reply is returned,
+shouts of 'Good Old Scotland' are raised ashore. Some asked, 'Where
+are you going!' 'Mesop' they say. 'Poor Devils', is the encouraging
+reply. Then some lonely soul asks if any of his Regiment are on board,
+and so it goes on all day. Some swim out from the shore and shout and
+talk, but one is chiefly impressed by the great number of men guarding
+this important waterway.</p>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<a id="img004" name="img004"></a>
+<img src="images/img004.jpg" width="200" height="350" alt="Scenes On The Creeks Below Basrah" title="Scenes On The Creeks Below Basrah">
+
+<a id="img004a" name="img004a"></a>
+<img src="images/img004a.jpg" width="200" height="351" alt="Scenes On The Creeks Below Basrah" title="Scenes On The Creeks Below Basrah">
+
+<a id="img004b" name="img004b"></a>
+<img src="images/img004b.jpg" width="200" height="343" alt="Scenes On The Creeks Below Basrah" title="Scenes On The Creeks Below Basrah">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">SCENES ON THE CREEKS BELOW BASRAH</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<a id="img005" name="img005"></a>
+<img src="images/img005.jpg" width="400" height="240" alt="G. J. Anderson. H. W. Bruce, Capt. A. M. Grieve, S. F.
+G. Alexander, D. H. Anderson" title="G. J. Anderson. H. W. Bruce, Capt. A. M. Grieve, S. F.
+G. Alexander, D. H. Anderson">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">G. J. ANDERSON. H. W. BRUCE, CAPT. A. M. GRIEVE, S. F.
+G. ALEXANDER, D. H. ANDERSON</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img006" name="img006"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img006.jpg" width="300" height="401" alt="C. J. McConaghy" title="C. J. McConaghy">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">C. J. MCCONAGHY</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img007" name="img007"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img007.jpg" width="400" height="237" alt="C. J. Mcconaghy, Capt. A. M. Grieve, S. F. G.
+Alexander, H. W. Bruce." title="C. J. Mcconaghy, Capt. A. M. Grieve, S. F. G.
+Alexander, H. W. Bruce.">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">C. J. MCCONAGHY, CAPT. A. M. GRIEVE, S. F. G.
+ALEXANDER, H. W. BRUCE.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>At Suez a short stay is made. The water is a wonderful opal colour;
+the great Desert on our left, the barren rocks, sunburnt and bare on
+our right, help to make a fascinating picture. One remembers the first
+time one had passed through the Canal, years before in time of peace,
+and how one had been filled with admiration for the Medical Officer
+who came out to the Mail Boat to give it a clean bill of health to
+pass through the Canal, because she was a woman, and standing month
+after month of Suez summer weather, which proves too much for many
+men, leave alone women. But the stay is short and so as the Sun sets,
+making wonderful colouring over the Desert and sea, the journey down
+the Red Sea is commenced. The Red Sea in December is shorn of its
+terrors and can be quite enjoyable. Aden is passed, two or three days
+steaming along the inhospitable coast of Southern Arabia and the
+entrance of the Persian Gulf is reached. The Straits of Ormuz have the
+reputation of being one of the hottest places on earth. The rocky, and
+wild Arabian coast looks very beautiful in the sunshine with its
+innumerable islands, and the sea is a dead calm. For some hours the
+shores on our left are visible, then we steam, up along the Persian
+shore and get a good view of the barren, rocky <span class="pagenum"><a id="page007" name="page007"></a>(p. 007)</span> mountain
+range running parallel with the coast. Those who have good glasses
+make out villages on the shore. The Captain is pestered with questions
+about the date and time of arrival at Basrah. Excitement is being felt
+again; one wonders what the news will be, and what has happened to
+General Townshend; and so at last anchor is dropped at the mouth of
+the Shatt-el-Arab at the head of the Persian Gulf. The two rivers
+Tigris and Euphrates join at a place called Kurnah, and from there to
+the sea the river is called 'Shatt-el-Arab.' Everyone is disappointed
+that there are no signs of land anywhere, and one wonders in which
+direction land lies. But what a relief it will be to get off the ship,
+how delightful to stretch one's legs ashore, as in spite of the good
+food, the sports and the usual joys of a trooper, it is impossible not
+to feel cramped and so once again everyone was rejoicing that the sea
+voyage was at an end. The shore is so low-lying that nothing could be
+seen of it as the transport had to anchor some miles off the mouth of
+the river. We had to transship to smaller boats to proceed to Basrah,
+about eighty miles inland. Transshipping is a long and tedious
+business but at last it is completed and we say farewell with a cheer
+to our transport, and the smaller boat steams towards the shore. In
+about half an hour we make out some palm trees and everyone is on the
+lookout for their first view of Mesopotamia. Slowly we approach the
+wide mouth of the river, successfully pass over the bar, and the new
+campaign for us has begun, and it is the last day of the year&mdash;31st
+December 1915.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>CHAPTER II. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page008" name="page008"></a>(p. 008)</span></h2>
+
+
+<p>It takes about seven hours from the mouth of the river to Basrah. The
+journey up is of interest as none have been here before, and
+everything is new. Both sides of the river the banks are covered with
+palm trees, stretching inland for distances varying from 500 yards to
+three miles, and after that all is desert. We pass Abadan on our right
+where the pipes of the oil fields belonging to the Anglo-Persian Oil
+Coy. reach the river from Ahwaz. It has been said that the
+Mesopotamian Campaign was started in the first place to protect these
+oil-fields. One wonders now if it would have been advisable to protect
+them and hold Basrah only, and not push forward further inland. But it
+is easy to be wise after the event, and high politics, tactics and
+strategy do not form part of an account of the doings of the 2nd
+Battalion&mdash;so I must not be led astray. The river is very broad and is
+navigable for hundreds of miles. Mohammerah, the Persian town at the
+junction of the Shatt-el-Arab and Karun rivers, looked an interesting
+place. It is; as many months later I was fortunate enough to be able
+to spend some time there. The Sheikh of Mohammerah has proved a good
+friend to the British, and almost opposite his palace one can see the
+remains of the three steamers in the river which the Turks sunk in a
+vain endeavour to block the passage as they retreated; as good fortune
+or Providence would have it, one boat in sinking swung round and left
+the passage <span class="pagenum"><a id="page009" name="page009"></a>(p. 009)</span> open. At Mohammerah is a big Convalescent
+Hospital for white as well as Indian troops. We noticed some large
+barrack looking houses on our left, one in particular, 'Beit Naama',
+attracting attention; but more about that later on as this
+establishment has now been turned into an hospital for officers. And
+so at last anchor is dropped off Basrah, as 'Ashar' is usually
+referred to as 'Basrah' by everyone out of the actual place. Was this
+the romantic spot from which Sinbad the Sailor started on his
+wonderful voyages?&mdash;was this the spot that so many have imagined must
+be one of the wonderful places of the East?&mdash;when they are thousands
+of miles away from it. A famous traveller has said, "that its European
+inhabitants only remain alive during the day through a perception of
+the humour of their situation, and by night through the agency of the
+prayers of their despairing relatives." For Basrah has the most
+malarial air, the most choleraic water, and the most infernal climate
+of any spot in the world outside 'Tophet.'</p>
+
+<table  border="0" cellpadding="0" summary="Illustrations">
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img008" name="img008"></a>
+<img src="images/img008.jpg" width="250" height="415" alt="The Padre" title="The Padre">
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img009" name="img009"></a>
+<img src="images/img009.jpg" width="270" height="415" alt="The Quarter-Master" title="The Quarter-Master">
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">THE PADRE.</span>
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">THE QUARTER-MASTER.</span>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<a id="img010" name="img010"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img010.jpg" width="400" height="258" alt="Everyday Scenes In Ashar" title="Everyday Scenes In Ashar">
+</div>
+
+<a id="img010a" name="img010a"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img010a.jpg" width="400" height="243" alt="Everyday Scenes In Ashar" title="Everyday Scenes In Ashar">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">EVERYDAY SCENES IN ASHAR</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img011" name="img011"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img011.jpg" width="500" height="271" alt="Ashar Barracks." title="Ashar Barracks.">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">ASHAR BARRACKS</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img012" name="img012"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img012.jpg" width="500" height="257" alt="Street Scenes In Ashar" title="Street Scenes In Ashar">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">STREET SCENES IN ASHAR</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>One Company of the Regiment had travelled out on a different
+transport&mdash;with another Highland unit and arrived a day or so in
+advance and were awaiting the arrival of the main body at Basrah. They
+were very interested in the place and were full of their adventures
+and of rumours. One thing was evident, one thing alone mattered,
+troops were needed, urgently needed, at the front; and we were at once
+ordered to proceed up river. The Regiment transshipped in midstream,
+not even having time to land, and were taken up by two river boats,
+with barges attached on either side.</p>
+
+<p>Not <span class="pagenum"><a id="page010" name="page010"></a>(p. 010)</span> a man who made that journey and is still alive will ever
+forget the "P-7" or the "Salimi." The time since leaving France had
+not been wasted; everything that could possibly be done to keep the
+men fit and their minds active was done. Physical drill every morning,
+sports were got up, concerts,&mdash;the Colonel himself taking a big
+interest and share in everything that tended to the comfort of his
+men. At the best of times, life on a Troopship is a cramped existence,
+but in comparison to the up river voyages, it is a life of luxury. The
+world has been scoured for river boats for this campaign; steamers
+from the Nile, the Irrawady and the Thames are doing excellent work in
+carrying troops and supplies to the fighting line. Part of the river
+is so narrow that it is dangerous for paddle boats to attempt the
+journey without lighters attached as bumping into the sides of the
+bank the paddle boxes would be smashed. The trip up the river in
+January is by no means a pleasure one. It is not now! and it was much
+less so in January 1916. The nights are cold and in the early morning
+the river is lost in mist. At nights it is usually necessary to tie up
+at the side of the bank or to anchor in midstream. Only on bright
+moonlight nights, and not always then, can progress be made. The flood
+season on the Tigris is at its height about May and continues so till
+about the end of June. The river gradually falls in July and August
+and is at its lowest level during the months of September, October and
+November. It rises during the rains in December and January, sometimes
+as much as four or five feet, and this keeps the river fairly high
+during the following two months. In April the river rises still higher
+owing to the melting of the snow on the mountains in the north.
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page011" name="page011"></a>(p. 011)</span> These are the normal changes that come as regularly as winter
+follows autumn. There may be slight variations such as more rain one
+winter season than another, for instance, January 1916 was far wetter
+than January 1917. There are occasional high floods owing to the rain,
+and in January 1896 the river rose eight feet in one night at Baghdad.</p>
+
+<a id="img013" name="img013"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img013.jpg" width="400" height="240" alt="Capt. MacQueen, R.A.M.C." title="Capt. MacQueen, R.A.M.C.">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">CAPT. MACQUEEN, R.A.M.C.</span>, On His Way To Europe.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img014" name="img014"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img014.jpg" width="250" height="337" alt="Entrance To Ashar Barracks" title="Entrance To Ashar Barracks">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">ENTRANCE TO ASHAR BARRACKS</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img015" name="img015"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img015.jpg" width="400" height="237" alt="Basrah Barracks" title="Basrah Barracks">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">BASRAH BARRACKS</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img016" name="img016"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img016.jpg" width="400" height="237" alt="Arabs Enjoy An Al Fresco Meal Of Dates" title="Arabs Enjoy An Al Fresco Meal Of Dates">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">ARABS ENJOY AN AL FRESCO MEAL OF DATES</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img017" name="img017"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img017.jpg" width="400" height="317" alt="The Sheik Of Zobeir And His Son" title="The Sheik Of Zobeir And His Son">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE SHEIK OF ZOBEIR AND HIS SON</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img018" name="img018"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img018.jpg" width="400" height="241" alt="Arab Bazaar" title="Arab Bazaar">
+<p class="figcenter"><span class="smcap">ARAB BAZAAR</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The men crowded on to the barges attached to the side of the paddle
+boats and of course everything was of interest, everything was new in
+this, the oldest country in the world. Because Kurnah at the junction
+of the Tigris and the Euphrates has the reputation of being the site
+of the Garden of Eden, many and various are the jokes which have been
+made against this most unfortunate of places by members of the
+Expeditionary Force, but all amount to the one thing&mdash;that Adam and
+Eve had very little to lose in being driven out, if it is unchanged
+since those days.</p>
+
+<p>The belt of Palm trees which so attracted our attention along the
+banks from the mouth of the Gulf to Basrah still continues, but they
+are thinning down very considerably and by the time Kurnah is reached
+the belt has no depth at all. There is no question of a halt, no
+question of a rest, "Push On" is the order of the day. It may seem
+somewhat absurd now, but it brings home to one the eagerness of all to
+share in the relief of Kut, that the first thing the Colonel did on
+landing at Basra was to wire to the Corps Commander at the front
+asking him to arrange for the Battalion to follow up the Relieving
+Column if it had passed Ali Garbi before the Regiment arrived.
+Regardless of risk, regardless of orders, urged on by the Colonel, the
+two steamers bearing the battalion pushed forward by night as by day
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page012" name="page012"></a>(p. 012)</span> for fear of not overtaking the Relieving Column. The winding
+of the river seemed interminable to those eager to be at the front,
+and there is little to relieve the monotony of the flat plain, save
+the colouring at dawn and dusk, and the appearance of a few mahelas
+floating down stream with their broad sails outspread to catch the
+north-west wind.</p>
+
+<p>At Kurnah the Palm belt ceases and only at odd places and around
+villages are trees again to be seen. One cannot fail to be struck with
+the enormous possibilities the country offers for cultivation if only
+properly irrigated. Thousands and thousands of acres of the best of
+soil, and everywhere as flat as Salisbury Plain.</p>
+
+<p>We now begin to see small Arab villages along the banks of the river;
+they look dirty and dilapidated. The Arabs look filthy, but some have
+very pleasant faces, and both men and women impress one with their
+strength. This campaign is of course not only an eye-opener to them
+but also a God-send. They beg and steal on every possible occasion and
+on going through the narrows a lot of amusement is obtained in
+bargaining with them. The troops crowd on to the barges, as they bump
+along the sides of the river banks which are only two or three feet
+higher than the barge, and buy from the Arab women and children
+running along the banks selling eggs and fowls; as the demand has
+risen the prices have also advanced, and whereas at the opening of the
+campaign one could buy a dozen eggs for fourpence, by January 1917, I
+have seen officers pay twopence each or more. It is scarcely safe to
+jump ashore, as any moment the boat may launch out again into the
+middle of the stream, but when tied up by the bank waiting <span class="pagenum"><a id="page013" name="page013"></a>(p. 013)</span>
+for another boat to pass brisk business can be carried on. The boats
+going up usually give way to those coming down, as the ones coming
+down may have wounded and sick, and all must be done to get them down
+to hospital as soon as possible, and so the time passes. At one end of
+the Narrows is Ezra's Tomb, a building surmounted by a blue tiled
+dome, which is evidently of no very ancient origin. We were informed
+that the edifice had been erected in memory of Ezra by a wealthy Jew,
+and that the place had become a sort of place of pilgrimage.
+Clustering round it is a small Arab hamlet with the usual sprinkling
+of Palm trees, and an abundance of dirt and filth, without which
+surely the Arab could not exist.</p>
+
+<a id="img019" name="img019"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img019.jpg" width="400" height="249" alt="The Officers Mess" title="The Officers Mess">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE OFFICERS MESS, FALAHIYAH, THE ADJUTANT, CAPTAIN N.
+M. RITCHIE, D.S.O., STUDIES MILITARY LAW</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img020" name="img020"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img020.jpg" width="400" height="236" alt="J. M. Cowie, T. Henderson, A. A. Young (Killed), G. V.
+Stewart, T. Gillespie (Killed)" title="J. M. Cowie, T. Henderson, A. A. Young (Killed), G. V.
+Stewart, T. Gillespie (Killed)">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">J. M. COWIE, T. HENDERSON, A. A. YOUNG (KILLED), G. V.
+STEWART, T. GILLESPIE (KILLED)</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img021" name="img021"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img021.jpg" width="400" height="225" alt="J. M. Cowie, G. V. Stewart, T. Henderson, J. H.
+Cotterell (Killed), H. W. Bruce (Killed)" title="J. M. Cowie, G. V. Stewart, T. Henderson, J. H.
+Cotterell (Killed), H. W. Bruce (Killed)">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">J. M. COWIE, G. V. STEWART, T. HENDERSON, J. H.
+COTTERELL (KILLED), H. W. BRUCE (KILLED)</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img022" name="img022"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img022.jpg" width="400" height="193" alt="At The Bar" title="At The Bar">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">AT THE BAR</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img023" name="img023"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img023.jpg" width="400" height="232" alt="River Scenes" title="River Scenes">
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img024" name="img024"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img024.jpg" width="400" height="193" alt="River Scenes" title="River Scenes">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">RIVER SCENES</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>At the northern end of the Narrows is the village of Qalat Sahib with
+its minarets and lovely reflections. Then, Amara is sighted. We are
+now one hundred and twenty miles from our base and this place makes a
+kind of a half-way house between Basrah and Baghdad, and for the first
+time the battalion lands in Mesopotamia. It was about three o'clock in
+the afternoon that the order to disembark was received. Wonder was
+expressed at the command as everyone knew that this was still a long
+way behind the firing line, and was it the intention to march the rest
+of the distance, and if so, why? as we were so much needed. All these
+queries and doubts however were soon put an end to when it became
+known that the Colonel had decided to land and practice an attack. He
+knew that at any moment his Regiment might be thrown into action, and
+as the long journey was found to have a stiffening effect on one's
+limbs he decided on some small practice man&oelig;uvres before the actual
+and real thing took place.</p>
+
+<p>What <span class="pagenum"><a id="page014" name="page014"></a>(p. 014)</span> a pleasure to get on shore again! At such a moment a
+regiment is almost like a boy's school let out after hours; everyone
+was in high fettle and pleased, our long journey was nearing its end,
+and very soon we would be relieving General Townshend who had been
+locked up in Kut since December 5th.</p>
+
+<p>By three o'clock all were ashore and an attack on an imaginary enemy
+was practised, and of course victory achieved; but on returning to the
+river, it was found that the boats had moved up a mile or so, and
+tired and weary the Regiment had to go in search of them, and to add
+to the discomfort the rain started to come down, so that by the time
+everyone was on board again at seven-thirty it was dark and the men
+were wet, and a very subdued regiment ate their evening meal in
+comparison to the high spirits of earlier in the afternoon. However,
+very soon it would be good-bye to the boats for good, as it was
+expected that the following day we should land at Ali-el-Gharbi.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>CHAPTER III. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page015" name="page015"></a>(p. 015)</span></h2>
+
+
+<p>The 2nd Battalion disembarked at Ali-el-Gharbi, one hundred and eighty
+miles from Basrah. The ground was little better than a bog from the
+rain of the previous day; with very little rain the whole countryside
+seems to become a quagmire. The mud is about the most slippery kind to
+be found anywhere, so that walking is made most difficult. The first
+work was to unload the barges. All the kit, supplies, and tents had to
+be taken ashore as we were leaving the boats for good and were now in
+a hostile country. The unloading is a tedious business and one of the
+most tiring of fatigues, but when the whole of a regiment is put on to
+it the work is soon finished. That night No. 1 Company was on Out-Post
+duty and the rest slumbered.</p>
+
+<p>The following morning broke fine and sunny, as so often happens in
+this country after wet and miserable evenings. The clouds roll up
+during the night and the morning is such that one feels it is good to
+be alive. There was a sharpness in the air that made it almost
+impossible to think that in a few months' time this country would be
+proving itself to be the hottest in the world. The orders were to be
+up at dawn and start immediately after breakfast. Part of the Brigade
+transport was of camels, but the camels getting out of hand
+disappeared into the desert and the start had to be made without them.
+It is a fascinating picture to see a long line of camels in single
+file starting off on a voyage <span class="pagenum"><a id="page016" name="page016"></a>(p. 016)</span> across the desert. But this
+misadventure had delayed matters and the heat after midday was very
+trying for marching although in the distance one could see the snow on
+the higher summits of the Pusht-i-kuh Mountains which form the
+dividing line between Persia and Turkey. From an aeroplane the picture
+of the Tigris flowing through this flat country with all its numerous
+twists and turns must resemble a huge snake. A short halt was made in
+the middle of the day for lunch, and a final halt was not called till
+within five miles of Sheikh-Saad, and a distance of twenty-two miles
+had been covered, not bad work, considering the Regiment had just
+landed after being cooped up for a month on transports and river
+boats. But everyone was dead tired and exhausted and No. 1 Company was
+pleased that they had provided the Out-Posts the previous night, and
+that it was the turn of No. 2 to do duty. General Younghusband with
+part of his division had moved out and engaged the enemy, and that
+night we could see the flashes of the guns and hear the constant
+rattle of musketry. At break of day General Aylmer, the Corps
+Commander, rode out past us to the advanced force, but it was not till
+after nine o'clock that our Brigade advanced some five miles and lay
+down to await orders. The orders were clear and promised success. One
+Brigade was to deal with the Turks on the right bank of the Tigris,
+one Brigade was to hold his forces near the left bank, while a third,
+with ours in immediate support, was to make the decisive attack on the
+enemy's left flank. This Brigade and ours therefore man&oelig;uvred to
+the right for position. Before we had taken sufficient ground to our
+right, fresh orders arrived directing both Brigades to counter-march
+back <span class="pagenum"><a id="page017" name="page017"></a>(p. 017)</span> and attack the centre of the enemy's line, against
+which the Brigade on our left was already moving. Instant action was
+demanded and instantly the 2nd Battalion and a battalion of Jats moved
+forward to the attack. No time was given for the issue of orders, no
+frontage or direction was given, no signal communication was arranged.
+To all enquiries the one answer was given "Advance where the bullets
+are thickest" and right there did the 2nd Battalion advance. Magazines
+were charged and bayonets fixed on the move; the companies moved with
+great rapidity and wonderful exactness considering the exhausting
+march of the day before and the little practice they had had in open
+warfare. But without covering fire, and there was little artillery
+fire available to cover our attack such an attack over bare open plain
+cannot succeed unless the enemy be few in numbers or of poor heart.
+The Turk was neither weak nor faint-hearted, and poured in so deadly a
+fire that before the leading lines were within 200 yards of the enemy,
+five hundred of the battalion had been killed or wounded. Other units
+suffered with almost equal severity, the attack came to an inevitable
+halt, there were no reserves to drive it home, consequently orders
+were sent up from the Brigade that the infantry should dig themselves
+in where they were. Nineteen officers and two-thirds of the men had
+been hit: Colonel Wauchope was severely wounded by a shell and Major
+Hamilton Johnstone took over command.</p>
+
+<a id="img025" name="img025"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img025.jpg" width="400" height="238" alt="The Pipe Band" title="The Pipe Band">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE PIPE BAND</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img026" name="img026"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img026.jpg" width="250" height="334" alt="Corporal McLeod" title="Corporal McLeod">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">CORPORAL MCLEOD</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img027" name="img027"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img027.jpg" width="400" height="236" alt="The Pipe Band" title="The Pipe Band">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE PIPE BAND</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img028" name="img028"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img028.jpg" width="400" height="238" alt="Our Left Flank At San-i-yat, The Tigris" title="Our Left Flank At San-i-yat, The Tigris">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">OUR LEFT FLANK AT SAN-I-YAT, THE TIGRIS</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img029" name="img029"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img029.jpg" width="250" height="293" alt="Capt. Haldane Inspects The Hannah Trenches" title="Capt. Haldane Inspects The Hannah Trenches">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">CAPT. HALDANE INSPECTS THE HANNAH TRENCHES</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img030" name="img030"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img030.jpg" width="400" height="235" alt="At Mohammerah" title="At Mohammerah">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">AT MOHAMMERAH</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>But if our losses were heavy and the sufferings great, the Turk had
+also suffered so heavily at our hands, that he was forced to evacuate
+his position on the following day, and we occupied it on the 9th. The
+situation was one of extreme difficulty for the new Commanding
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page018" name="page018"></a>(p. 018)</span> officer. If there were few men left there were still fewer
+officers or sergeants remaining with much experience. Yet the Turks
+were close to our trenches and re-organisation of the depleted
+platoons imperative. But his indomitable spirit and the determination
+within the regiment, so often shown at times of crisis, made the
+hardest tasks possible. The wounded were brought back, the dead
+buried; rations were got forward and the trenches securely held. New
+leaders were appointed, and on January 10th when the Brigade moved
+forward from Sheikh-Saad the Battalion had been reformed under its
+well-loved commander, ready as always to do whatever duty lay before.</p>
+
+<p>Progress was made up the river bank slowly, but always in the
+direction of Kut, the aim and object of our every march and fight at
+this period. The enemy had retreated some miles and, on January 13th,
+they were attacked and driven out of their position on the Wadi, the
+2nd Battalion playing a small but successful part in this action and
+losing 34 men. The Turks then fell back on to a more strongly
+entrenched position at Hannah.</p>
+
+<p>The rainy season was now in full swing. It rained day after day and
+the whole country became sodden, making it very difficult to move
+troops and almost impossible to move artillery. The discomfort the men
+suffered is almost indescribable, with no tents and everyone
+chronically wet to the skin and unable to have properly cooked food,
+made a seemingly hopeless position; but it is wonderful how hardship
+and discomforts are forgotten at the thought of beleaguered comrades
+in need of help and, as the country dried up and the sun shone forth,
+the men's spirits rose. On the eighteenth <span class="pagenum"><a id="page019" name="page019"></a>(p. 019)</span> the 2nd Battalion
+had orders again to move forward. They did so and occupied a line of
+trenches about two thousand yards off the enemy, who were strongly
+entrenched in what is now known as the Hannah position. The whole
+country here, it must be understood, is absolutely flat, only in the
+distance twenty or thirty miles away one could see the snow-clad
+Pusht-i-kuh Mountains. Each night short advances were made and fresh
+trenches dug, till the night of the 20th. In this manner an advance
+was made up to within two hundred and fifty yards of the enemy's
+position. There, under cover of darkness the last line of trenches
+were dug and the companies deployed into two lines, and there they
+faced the enemy and awaited dawn. The Battalion and our old friends,
+the Jats, had been lent to another Brigade detailed to make the
+decisive assault on the morning of the 21st. Major Hamilton Johnston
+had made every possible arrangement for a successful assault and the
+leading lines were well within striking distance of the enemy. But
+however brilliantly carried out an assault may be, however gallant and
+determined the men, to ensure a lasting success against a determined
+foe there must be weight as well as depth in the attack. Now on the
+night of the 20th, owing to the movement among the troops, lack of
+reconnaissance and the mud, the troops in rear of the two leading
+battalions were deployed so far back, that though they moved forward
+in the morning simultaneously with the Jats and Highlanders, they
+suffered such losses on their way that none were able to reach the
+enemy trenches. And dire was our need there for support.</p>
+
+<p>At a given signal our artillery opened a light bombardment of seven
+minutes, then the long awaited and thrilling <span class="pagenum"><a id="page020" name="page020"></a>(p. 020)</span> order to
+assault was given. The companies made a magnificent response and all
+rushed forward, crossed the muddy water-logged No Man's Land with
+their left 200 or 300 yards from the river, and gained the objective,
+though not without losses. No pause had been made for firing for the
+bayonet was the weapon our men trusted. More and more it is proved
+that the bayonet is the weapon that wins the trench, the rifle the
+defensive weapon that holds it. Yet though no pause had been made our
+losses in that charge were severe. Major Hamilton Johnston was struck
+first by bullet and then, almost at once, killed by shell; only four
+officers reached the objective and of these three were wounded. The
+Turks fought desperately and it was only after a severe struggle that
+we captured some 300 yards of the first line trench. The Jats had
+suffered fully as severely as ourselves, but a certain number joined
+up with our men and fought right well, but no further assistance was
+forthcoming. The Colonel was once asked by the Higher Command if such
+and such a trench could be captured. "My Regiment," he replies, "will
+capture any trench, but it is a different matter whether it is
+possible to hold it." Then for one and a quarter hours, the length of
+time which the trench was held, the Regiment added a very glorious
+page to its history. Great gallantry was displayed and Lieut. M. M.
+Thorburn who was severely wounded by a bayonet thrust received the
+Military Cross as an immediate award. The enemy counter-attacked from
+two sides and our few bombs, though replenished from some captured
+from the enemy, were soon expended; but many charges up the trenches
+were made to bomb them out, two machine guns were captured and put
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page021" name="page021"></a>(p. 021)</span> out of action. Slowly however the Turks drove the remnants of
+our platoons towards the river and the killed and wounded greatly
+outnumbered the survivors, 2nd Lieutenant Souther was wounded but
+refused to retire, and every moment the situation was getting more
+desperate. 2nd Lieutenant Henderson assumed command and was gallantly
+supported by C.S.M. Proudfoot and Sergeant McDonald. Seeing that the
+position was untenable, C.S.M. Proudfoot asked 2nd Lieutenant
+Henderson if he did not think it would be wise to fall back as no
+assistance was being sent, and men were being uselessly sacrificed.
+"How can I order the Regiment to retire?" he replied. C.S.M.
+Proudfoot and Sergt. MacDonald were both killed. Two of the finest men
+in the regiment they were, and both had been recommended for
+commissions. Proudfoot would have made a splendid officer; he had
+perhaps the finest physique of any man in the Battalion and for long
+had been the best reel dancer. No one who ever knew Sergt. MacDonald
+will forget him. His soft voice and gentle manner, his readiness to
+help whoever had need endeared him to all, and many a brave deed had
+he done as scout leader of the Battalion both in France and
+Mesopotamia. It now became impossible to remain unsupported in the
+enemy's position. Slowly and in good order some eighty men, one
+quarter of those who had started the attack two hours before, retired
+across No Man's Land and regained our trenches.</p>
+
+<a id="img031" name="img031"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img031.jpg" width="400" height="302" alt="Captured Turkish Officers" title="Captured Turkish Officers">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">CAPTURED TURKISH OFFICERS</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img032" name="img032"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img032.jpg" width="400" height="240" alt="Turkish Prisoners Arrive At Basrah" title="Turkish Prisoners Arrive At Basrah">
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img033" name="img033"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img033.jpg" width="400" height="268" alt="Turkish Prisoners Arrive At Basrah" title="Turkish Prisoners Arrive At Basrah">
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img034" name="img034"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img034.jpg" width="400" height="238" alt="Turkish Prisoners Arrive At Basrah" title="Turkish Prisoners Arrive At Basrah">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">TURKISH PRISONERS ARRIVE AT BASRAH</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>When muster roll was called ninety-nine men remained of this gallant
+Regiment, out of the nine hundred and fifty who had landed in
+Mesopotamia less than three weeks before. As many wounded as possible
+were brought <span class="pagenum"><a id="page022" name="page022"></a>(p. 022)</span> in. The Padre, Major the Revd. Macfarlane did
+splendid service. Darkness was closing in as the Regiment fell back on
+to the second line, and the very skies wept at the tragedy being
+enacted below them. No tents, no warmth, all soaked to the skin,
+intense cold, and defeated. It is possible to be happy even if wet,
+cold and hungry if you are victorious, but to be wet, cold and
+defeated, and yet undaunted is worthy of the highest traditions of
+heroes.</p>
+
+<p>The following day what remained of the Battalion was moved across the
+river, and 2nd Lieutenant Stewart Smith assumed command, to be
+followed shortly by Captain Crake.</p>
+
+<p>The stay on the right bank of the river was short, and the remnants of
+the Battalion were again soon on the left bank, but the losses of the
+Highland units engaged had been so heavy that it was decided to form
+one Battalion of what remained, under Colonel Thompson. This brilliant
+officer was shortly afterwards given a Brigade, and during the
+Campaign of the winter 1916-17 did such excellent work that he was
+rewarded with the command of a Division again proving that age should
+not be regarded as a deterrent for promotion if ability is
+conspicuous. He was only forty when commanding a Brigade. During
+February and March the Battalion suffered great discomfort, not to
+speak of hardships. The rainfall was unusually heavy and the country
+all mud. Difficulty was experienced in getting up supplies. And every
+day and every hour the Turks were tightening their hold on Kut, so
+gallantly defended by General Townshend and his brave division. For in
+reading the history of the battles of this spring, we must always
+remember that the relief of Kut was the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page023" name="page023"></a>(p. 023)</span> object in view,
+and for that object our Generals were right in giving battle and in
+accepting any odds while one chance remained of final success.</p>
+
+<table  border="0" cellpadding="0" summary="Illustrations">
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img035" name="img035"></a>
+<img src="images/img035.jpg" width="200" height="414" alt="J. F. C. Dixon, M.C." title="J. F. C. Dixon, M.C.">
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img036" name="img036"></a>
+<img src="images/img036.jpg" width="195" height="414" alt="S. L. Hunter." title="S. L. Hunter.">
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img037" name="img037"></a>
+<img src="images/img037.jpg" width="206" height="414" alt="A. B. Cumming (Killed 22-4-16)." title="A. B. Cumming (Killed 22-4-16).">
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">J. F. C. DIXON, M.C.</span>
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">S. L. HUNTER.</span>
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">A. B. CUMMING<br> (KILLED 22-4-16).</span>
+</td>
+</table>
+
+<a id="img038" name="img038"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img038.jpg" width="300" height="456" alt="Zobeir Minaret" title="Zobeir Minaret">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">ZOBEIR MINARET.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The Regiment was now encamped near the Hannah position, fresh drafts
+arrived, re-organisation completed and training continued in bombing,
+trench digging and minor man&oelig;uvres. The great effort on the right
+bank of March 8th had failed, but within a month another supreme
+effort was made on the left bank. Another Division had arrived from
+Gallipoli and, on April 5th, under General Maude, their trusted
+commander, this Division captured the Hannah position. On the evening
+of the same day, they gained the Falahiyah trenches and on the same
+night our column, with the Highland Battalion leading, marched through
+Falahiyah and advanced up the edge of the Suwakie Marsh with the
+intention of attacking the Turkish left. As so often happens, however,
+on a night march, some delay occurred, and at dawn the troops had not
+reached their objective and were not fully deployed. The Turks opened
+a very heavy fire practically destroying our leading platoons and, as
+we were still some six hundred yards from their trenches, the order
+was given to dig in where we were. This was done, but the weather this
+year was beyond all precedent, the marsh kept on rising and before
+evening it had flooded our men out of the new trenches. We were
+consequently ordered to retire three hundred yards and dig in afresh.</p>
+
+<p>On the 7th a demonstration in force was carried out by fresh troops;
+little was effected by this demonstration as it was checked mainly by
+shell and machine gun fire before advancing very far. Like many
+another effort of these heart breaking days, it was fore-doomed to
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page024" name="page024"></a>(p. 024)</span> fail; and the spirits of the troops and their fighting value
+was only maintained by the stern resolve that every man would continue
+fighting, no matter against what odds, so long as the flag was still
+flying over Kut.</p>
+
+<p>On the night of the 8th, another Division took over our trenches, and
+on the following evening made a night advance and attacked the
+San-i-yat position. Heavy casualties were incurred, but they failed to
+reach the enemy's position. We therefore again took over and held the
+trenches until April 22nd. A final attack was planned for that day to
+be made by two Brigades, but at the last moment the Brigade on our
+right found the ground in their front impassable owing to the rising
+of the marsh. Consequently in the assault we were exposed to a heavy
+fire from our right flank as well as from the front. Nevertheless the
+gallant Highlanders swept across the muddy ground, drove the enemy
+from his first line and assaulted the second. Lieutenant Forester led
+his platoon against the third line, but from that gallant assault none
+returned. Major Inglis, the senior officer with the Battalion, and
+many another were killed. The enemy trenches were in most places
+filled with water, to consolidate our position was impossible and,
+fired on from three sides, the survivors of the Brigade were forced
+slowly back to their original position. With new drafts the Highland
+Battalion had attacked at full strength, but suffered during the day
+over 600 casualties.</p>
+
+<a id="img039" name="img039"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img039.jpg" width="400" height="161" alt="Views Of Beit Nama Hospital" title="Views Of Beit Nama Hospital">
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img040" name="img040"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img040.jpg" width="400" height="231" alt="Views Of Beit Nama Hospital" title="Views Of Beit Nama Hospital">
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img041" name="img041"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img041.jpg" width="400" height="227" alt="Views Of Beit Nama Hospital" title="Views Of Beit Nama Hospital">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">VIEWS OF BEIT NAMA HOSPITAL</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img042" name="img042"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img042.jpg" width="400" height="199" alt="In The Garden Of Beit Nama Hospital" title="In The Garden Of Beit Nama Hospital">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">IN THE GARDEN OF BEIT NAMA HOSPITAL</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img043" name="img043"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img043.jpg" width="400" height="230" alt="The Hospital Launch" title="The Hospital Launch">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE HOSPITAL LAUNCH</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img044" name="img044"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img044.jpg" width="400" height="196" alt="A Hospital Ship" title="A Hospital Ship">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">A HOSPITAL SHIP</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img045" name="img045"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img045.jpg" width="400" height="245" alt="Officers' Tents, Falahiyah" title="Officers' Tents, Falahiyah">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">OFFICERS' TENTS, FALAHIYAH.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img046" name="img046"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img046.jpg" width="400" height="149" alt="The Mess Tents, Falahiyah" title="The Mess Tents, Falahiyah">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE MESS TENTS, FALAHIYAH</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img047" name="img047"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img047.jpg" width="400" height="147" alt="The Regiment Moves Off" title="The Regiment Moves Off">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE REGIMENT MOVES OFF</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img048" name="img048"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img048.jpg" width="400" height="270" alt="Arab Girls" title="Arab Girls">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">ARAB GIRLS</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The position now in Kut was almost hopeless, and General Townshend
+began to destroy his stores and guns. One last but very gallant
+attempt was to be made to get supplies in, and the General Officer
+Commanding the Expeditionary Force reported as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"At <span class="pagenum"><a id="page025" name="page025"></a>(p. 025)</span> 8 p.m., on April 24th, 1916, with a crew from the
+Royal Navy under Lieutenant Firman, R.N., assisted by Lieut.-Commander
+Cowley, R.N.V.R., the 'Julnar,' carrying 270 tons of supplies left
+Falahiyah in an attempt to reach Kut. Her departure was covered by all
+Artillery and Machine gun fire that could be brought to bear, in the
+hope of attracting the enemy's attention. She was, however, discovered
+and shelled on her passage up the river. At 1 a.m., on the 25th,
+General Townshend reported that she had not yet arrived, and that at
+midnight a burst of heavy firing had been heard at Magasis, some 8-1/2
+miles from Kut by river, which had suddenly ceased. There could be
+little doubt that the enterprise had failed, and the next day the Air
+Service reported the 'Julnar' in the hands of the Turks at Magasis.
+The leaders of this brave attempt, Lieutenant H. O. B. Firman, R.N.,
+and his assistant Lieut.-Commander C. H. Cowley, R.N.V.R., the latter
+of whom throughout the campaign in Mesopotamia performed magnificent
+service in command of the 'Mejidieh,' have been reported by the Turks
+to have been killed, the remainder of the gallant crew, including five
+wounded, are prisoners of war. Knowing well the chances against them
+all the gallant officers and men who manned the 'Julnar' for the
+occasion were volunteers. I trust the services in this connection of
+Lieut. H. O. B. Firman, R.N., and Lieut-Commander C. H. Cowley,
+R.N.V.R., his assistant, both of whom were unfortunately killed, may
+be recognized by the posthumous grant of some suitable honour."</p>
+
+<p class="left50"><span class="smcap">ADMIRALTY</span>. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page026" name="page026"></a>(p. 026)</span></p>
+
+<p>"The King has been graciously pleased to approve of the posthumous
+grant of the Victoria Cross to the undermentioned officers in
+recognition of their conspicuous gallantry in an attempt to
+reprovision the Force besieged in Kut-el-Amarah:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="add2em">
+  Lieut. Humphry Osbaldeston Brooke Firman, R.N.<br>
+  Lieut.-Comdr. Charles Henry Cowley, R.N.V.R."</p>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p>After a stubborn defence for one hundred and forty-three days, General
+Townshend's supplies were exhausted, and he was compelled to surrender
+on April 29th, with 9,000 men.</p>
+
+<a id="img049" name="img049"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img049.jpg" width="400" height="230" alt="On The Banks Of The Tigris. 125° In The Shade" title="On The Banks Of The Tigris. 125° In The Shade">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">ON THE BANKS OF THE TIGRIS. 125° IN THE SHADE</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img050" name="img050"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img050.jpg" width="400" height="227" alt="Beit Nama Hospital" title="Beit Nama Hospital">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">BEIT NAMA HOSPITAL</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img051" name="img051"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img051.jpg" width="300" height="407" alt="One Of The Noble Band Of Sisters" title="One Of The Noble Band Of Sisters">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">ONE OF THE NOBLE BAND OF SISTERS</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img052" name="img052"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img052.jpg" width="400" height="237" alt="A Winter Sunrise. Beit Nama Hospital" title="A Winter Sunrise. Beit Nama Hospital">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">A WINTER SUNRISE. BEIT NAMA HOSPITAL</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>CHAPTER IV. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page027" name="page027"></a>(p. 027)</span></h2>
+
+
+<p>The strategical importance of Kut-el-Amarah lies in the fact that it
+is at the junction of the Shatt-el-Hai with the Tigris. The force
+which controls Kut has the choice of movement down the Hai or the
+Tigris at will, and this advantage was with the Turk.</p>
+
+<p>The summer was rapidly advancing with its awful heat and the enemy,
+unable to press his advantage any further, was quite willing to remain
+in his trenches and await events. And so for seven months both sides
+resorted to trench warfare, and sat down facing each other through the
+most trying period of the year.</p>
+
+<p>The Secretary of State made the following announcement: "General Lake
+reports on May 20th that the right (South) bank of the Tigris is clear
+of the enemy as far as the Shatt-el-Hai, except for small rear-guards
+covering the bridge over the Hai some 500 yards below its junction
+with the Tigris. Our main force on this bank has reached the line
+Magasis-Dujailah. On the left (North) bank the enemy are reported to
+be still occupying the San-i-yat position. Weather is intensely hot
+and trying, and temperature during the last few days has been over 100
+degrees in the shade."</p>
+
+<p>Owing to the melting of the snows in Asia Minor the Tigris is at its
+highest in the spring and early summer and the left of our lines
+stretched to the water edge. The Suwakie marsh is also very full at
+this season and forms a natural protection to the right flank of the
+San-i-yat <span class="pagenum"><a id="page028" name="page028"></a>(p. 028)</span> position. Consequently as the front held was under
+two miles the lines could be safely held by one Brigade at a time,
+with the other two in reserve. The procedure adopted during the summer
+months was for one Brigade to hold the trenches, one Brigade in the
+forward area rest camp, and the other the rearward area rest camp,
+situated at the Bridgehead opposite Arab Village, some six miles
+behind the firing line.</p>
+
+<p>Fresh troops were arriving in the country daily, drafts to different
+regiments to make up for those killed, wounded and sick. A great
+number coming direct from England and Scotland and quite unaccustomed
+to the great heat went sick immediately on arrival in the country.</p>
+
+<p>In addition, however, many wounded were now returning, the numbers at
+the front increased, and in May, Colonel Thompson was appointed to the
+command of a brigade on the right bank, and Colonel Wauchope took over
+the Highland Battalion. Throughout the summer our Division held the
+San-i-yat position. In spite of numerous drafts the Highland Battalion
+remained considerably under strength both in men and officers until
+August. By that time the Battalion was about twelve hundred strong,
+and it was split up into its two original units, our comrades being
+posted to another Brigade.</p>
+
+<p class="figcenter">
+<a id="img053" name="img053"></a>
+<img src="images/img053.jpg" width="250" height="162" alt="Guns And Boat Captured From The Turks" title="Guns And Boat Captured From The Turks">
+
+<a id="img054" name="img054"></a>
+<img src="images/img054.jpg" width="200" height="234" alt="Guns And Boat Captured From The Turks" title="Guns And Boat Captured From The Turks">
+
+<a id="img055" name="img055"></a>
+<img src="images/img055.jpg" width="250" height="163" alt="Guns And Boat Captured From The Turks" title="Guns And Boat Captured From The Turks">
+</p>
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">GUNS AND BOAT CAPTURED FROM THE TURKS</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="figcenter">
+<a id="img056" name="img056"></a>
+<img src="images/img056.jpg" width="200" height="308" alt="Types In Mesopotamia" title="Types In Mesopotamia">
+<a id="img057" name="img057"></a>
+<img src="images/img057.jpg" width="200" height="406" alt="Types In Mesopotamia" title="Types In Mesopotamia">
+<a id="img058" name="img058"></a>
+<img src="images/img058.jpg" width="200" height="300" alt="Types In Mesopotamia" title="Types In Mesopotamia">
+</p>
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">TYPES IN MESOPOTAMIA</span>.</p>
+
+<p>These two battalions had served together as the Highland Battalion
+during a period of their history that will never be forgotten. Close
+friends in India, the two battalions had now fought shoulder to
+shoulder in many a hard-fought action, they had captured and defended
+trenches together under conditions sometimes so <span class="pagenum"><a id="page029" name="page029"></a>(p. 029)</span> desperate
+that only their faith and confidence in each other enabled the two
+regiments not only to maintain their glorious traditions but also to
+enhance their reputation. No jealousy marred the good feeling between
+officers and men; there was nothing but goodwill. We all had absolute
+trust in Colonel Thompson, and Colonel Wauchope has often said he
+always found the same spirit, the same wholehearted readiness to
+perform every duty equally amongst both units. In some ways the
+Platoon, in some ways the Division is the tactical unit of the British
+Army, but by tradition, custom and wholesome practise the living
+organism is the Battalion, and the Commander who ignores that fact
+loses a source of strength that no other factor fills. It was only the
+strength of fellowship and their confidence in their two commanders
+that enabled these two famous regiments to work and fight under every
+adverse circumstance so wholeheartedly and with the single-minded
+devotion which they always showed during these trying times.</p>
+
+<p>The bond of sentiment holds when other bonds fail. To all to whom
+regimental feeling appeals there is no sight like the swing of the
+kilt, no sound like the sound of the pipes. Men of both regiments
+might often recall how they had charged forward in France, the pipers
+leading the way, and no body of men had themselves shewn greater
+gallantry or inspired others with their spirit more than the
+regimental pipers. Yet even in war the days of battle are few and the
+days of trial many, and many a time at reveillé and retreat, on the
+march and in camp has the sound of the massed pipers stirred our
+memories and stoutened our hearts to face whatever danger or hardship
+lay before. The old <span class="pagenum"><a id="page030" name="page030"></a>(p. 030)</span> Crimean reveillé was still heard, but a
+new reveillé, "The Highland Regiment in Mesopotamia," arranged by
+Pipe-Major Keith, was played more often. During a long march
+"Scotland's my Ain Hame," and "Neil Gow's Farewell to Whiskey" were
+often call for, and, on reaching camp, before striking up with "The
+Blue Bonnets," the pipers always played the Colonel's favourite air,
+"After the Battle."</p>
+
+<p>In these days lack of tents, and the excessive heat were minor
+troubles compared to the prevalence of sickness and constant flow of
+casualties. Whatever the strength of the Battalion, the duties had to
+be performed. Again and again men left their turn of sentry duty only
+to take part in one of the innumerable but essential working parties.
+Over and over again men had to work throughout the cooler hours of the
+twenty-four, and pick up what rest they might in the heat and glare,
+amid the dust and flies, of midday. But if there was much sickness
+there was no grumbling, and the energy and thoroughness with which all
+duties were performed will remain for all time a lasting credit to the
+men of the Regiment. The average age of the Company Commanders was one
+and twenty, yet the C. O. told me that never was a Colonel better
+served in this and every respect. The Adjutant was under twenty, but
+no more capable or devoted officer was ever Adjutant to the Regiment.
+The Sergeant Major was absent sick, and during part of the time there
+were but four sergeants remaining with the Battalion; but the young
+men specially selected to fill the vacancies, responded to the call,
+accepted all their responsibilities, and never was the standard of
+discipline or smartness higher in the Battalion. Of the many awards
+given to the Battalion <span class="pagenum"><a id="page031" name="page031"></a>(p. 031)</span> I doubt if any were better deserved
+than the D.S.O. gained by the Adjutant, and the two Military Crosses
+awarded in succession to our two Regimental Sergeant-Majors. To these
+might well be added the four D.C.Ms. gained by the four
+Sergeant-Bombers, two of whom added a bar to their medals, and
+unsurpassed by any, the D.C.M., with the bar, gained by the
+Stretcher-Bearer Sergeant.</p>
+
+<p>On August 28th, General Maude took over command and his wonderful
+capacity for administration was soon manifested. Also more boats were
+arriving for river transport, more supplies, both Medical and
+Military, were being sent out. Control of the campaign was taken over
+by the War Office. Canteens were established at different points,
+enabling both officers and men to buy small luxuries, and the Y.M.C.A.
+had branches established at many places. The country will never be
+able to thank the Y.M.C.A. enough for what they did for its
+soldiers in Mesopotamia.</p>
+
+<p>The Hospitals were being rapidly well established, and excellent work
+was being done to provide all necessary accommodation and comfort for
+sick men and wounded. Casualty Clearing Stations were in full swing,
+and hundreds of men were sent down the line from hospital to hospital,
+in many cases to eventually be sent to India in an endeavour to be
+restored to health after having endured all sorts of privations and
+hardships in Mesopotamia. An excellent Officers' Hospital was
+established at Amara, and went under the name of the "Rawal-Pindi
+Hospital." It was well run and had a large and capable staff. There
+were other hospitals at Amara for officers and men and improvements
+were being added daily.</p>
+
+<p>There <span class="pagenum"><a id="page032" name="page032"></a>(p. 032)</span> was a large number of hospitals in Basrah and a very
+fine one called the Beit Naama Hospital about six miles below Basrah,
+beautifully situated on the banks of the river and surrounded by palm
+trees, was opened in June 1916 to try and relieve the pressure of
+officers coming down river, which No. 3 British General Hospital could
+not easily cope with. This place was fitted up with electric light and
+electric fans, hot and cold water baths, lift, ice and soda water
+factories, up-to-date "X" Ray installation and an Operating Theatre
+for surgical cases.</p>
+
+<p>They took in on an average about 135 officers a month and sent on an
+average 28 to India. It had accommodation for 100 officers and had a
+staff of three Medical Officers, a Matron and seven Sisters. The work
+done by the Nursing Sisters in this country, the untiring devotion to
+duty displayed under most trying climatic conditions when the
+temperature rose to nearly 130 degrees in the shade, is beyond all
+praise, and only those who have seen and suffered in this campaign
+should be competent to judge.</p>
+
+<table  border="0" cellpadding="0" summary="Illustrations">
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img059" name="img059"></a>
+<img src="images/img059.jpg" width="250" height="415" alt="The Second In Command" title="The Second In Command">
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img060" name="img060"></a>
+<img src="images/img060.jpg" width="257" height="415" alt="The Doctor In The Trenches" title="The Doctor In The Trenches">
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">THE SECOND IN COMMAND</span>.
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">THE DOCTOR IN THE TRENCHES</span>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="figcenter">
+<a id="img061" name="img061"></a>
+<img src="images/img061.jpg" width="200" height="343" alt="Amongst The Palm Trees" title="Amongst The Palm Trees">
+
+<a id="img062" name="img062"></a>
+<img src="images/img062.jpg" width="300" height="178" alt="Amongst The Palm Trees" title="Amongst The Palm Trees">
+
+<a id="img063" name="img063"></a>
+<img src="images/img063.jpg" width="200" height="340" alt="Amongst The Palm Trees" title="Amongst The Palm Trees">
+</p>
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">AMONGST THE PALM TREES</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h2>CHAPTER V. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page033" name="page033"></a>(p. 033)</span></h2>
+
+
+<p>All these improvements, all these reinforcements, all these extra
+supplies could have but one meaning and but one end in view, and that
+was as soon as the summer heat was over in the words of Nelson's
+famous signal to "engage the enemy more closely."</p>
+
+<p>The time spent out of the trenches was no holiday, one talked of going
+back to the Rest Camp. But Rest Camp was only a kindly term; it did
+not mean, as one might be led to believe, a delightful camp where
+comfortable chairs and well-served meals were supplied to tired and
+war-worn officers and men. No such thing; in fact so much the opposite
+was the case that one often heard it remarked that one got far more
+rest in the trenches than in any Rest Camp at the immediate front. The
+Colonel of the Regiment was a thruster. He never wasted a moment
+himself and would have his regiment the same. On the great Bronze Gong
+of one of our Battalions is engraved "I mark the hours, Do you?"
+Certainly the Colonel of the 2nd Battalion did. It was too hot for any
+drill or outside parades between the hours of 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., so
+everyone gasped for air inside their tents during those awful hours
+when the temperature rose to 124° in the shade, and the one thing one
+prayed for was the hastening of sunset; but if the officers or men
+slept or tried to sleep during those trying hours it was not so with
+the Colonel, at almost any time one visited his tent <span class="pagenum"><a id="page034" name="page034"></a>(p. 034)</span> it was
+to find him busy; he did not seem to know what it was to suffer from
+fatigue, and during all those trying summer months, when with one
+solitary exception every officer was off duty ill for some period of
+time, however short, the Commanding Officer was only confined to his
+tent for half a day. Duties commenced soon after sunrise and very
+often before, every opportunity being taken to make as much use of the
+coolest and light hours of the 24. A very strict course of intensive
+training was gone through and the results were to make themselves
+manifest early the next year. Bombing was practiced morning and night.
+Bayonet fighting was excelled in, and attacks by bombers and
+bayonetmen were practiced with frequency in trenches especially
+prepared for the purpose. Officers were trained to march by compass
+and stars and some were even given a course of riding lessons, nothing
+being left to chance. The long hot trying summer was not wasted; it
+was a preparation for what was to come. Long marches were out of the
+question, but short night marches were often practiced, sometimes by
+the Battalion alone, sometimes by the whole Brigade with an attack at
+dawn. These man&oelig;uvres were very popular with everyone; it was
+possible to enjoy moving about in the cool of the night and the
+quietness and silence with which it was possible for a whole Regiment
+to advance on to a supposed enemy position often impressed one. Having
+marched to a certain point from which an attack was to be delivered,
+the pre-arranged signal having been given, the bagpipes would burst
+forth into music and with a wild cheer the whole Regiment would charge
+forward in wave after wave and the supposed enemy driven from their
+stronghold. A few <span class="pagenum"><a id="page035" name="page035"></a>(p. 035)</span> moments' rest would be given and the C. O.
+would call his officers around him and explain, praise or condemn
+various things which had struck him and, as the sun rose over the
+Pusht-i-Kuh hills, we would march back to camp. A keen rivalry and
+competition was established among the various platoons as to which
+would mount the best guard, and a very searching examination was
+conducted each evening by the Adjutant and Sergeant-Major. This led to
+great interest being taken by the whole Battalion in the mounting of
+the guard, and the smartness of the guard increased by leaps and
+bounds. The heat, of course, found its victims and in spite of all
+precautions there was a fair amount of sickness during the summer; it
+was impossible to avoid it. Great care was taken to see that all
+drinking water was properly chlorinated, and special waterproof tanks
+were erected on the river banks. If anyone went sick they were almost
+immediately sent to the Field Hospital where they got every possible
+attention. All through the summer the Battalion was very much below
+strength and the work fell heavily on those remaining.</p>
+
+<p class="figcenter">
+<a id="img064" name="img064"></a>
+<img src="images/img064.jpg" width="200" height="343" alt="Views In Zobeir" title="Views In Zobeir">
+
+<a id="img065" name="img065"></a>
+<img src="images/img065.jpg" width="200" height="295" alt="Views In Zobeir" title="Views In Zobeir">
+
+<a id="img066" name="img066"></a>
+<img src="images/img066.jpg" width="200" height="346" alt="Views In Zobeir" title="Views In Zobeir">
+</p>
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">VIEWS IN ZOBEIR</span>. The site of Ancient Basrah, the home
+of Sinbad the Sailor.</p>
+
+<table  border="0" cellpadding="0" summary="Illustrations">
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img067" name="img067"></a>
+<img src="images/img067.jpg" width="300" height="493" alt="The President, Regimental Institutes" title="The President, Regimental Institutes">
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img068" name="img068"></a>
+<img src="images/img068.jpg" width="300" height="494" alt="Captain T. W. Stewart" title="Captain T. W. Stewart">
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">THE PRESIDENT, REGIMENTAL INSTITUTES</span>.
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">CAPTAIN T. W. STEWART</span>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>It was decided to hold "Highland Sports" on Wednesday, August 30th,
+and a number of other units, both British and Indian, were asked to
+take part. A suitable piece of ground was chosen some five miles
+behind the firing line, and on the day a great concourse of people
+assembled. The Corps Commander honoured the Regiment and several
+Generals from other Brigades were also present, our own Brigadier
+being an interested spectator. The events were keenly contested and
+the honours were fairly evenly divided. We won the Highland Dancing
+with a very fine exhibition. Another Highland <span class="pagenum"><a id="page036" name="page036"></a>(p. 036)</span> unit carried
+off the board jump with a record leap. The officers "Donkey Fight", a
+scrap "Five aside" between our officers and those of another Highland
+unit caused huge delight and amusement and before many moments blood
+was flowing freely. The mile race by the Indian Regiments drew a big
+crowd and a large number of entries and a great race was won by the
+Punjabis. The inter-company cross country run was a keen contest. 13
+men were chosen from each company, with one officer in charge and an
+N. C. O. They had to run in full kit and packs also carrying rifles
+and a severe course of training was gone through. P. P. B. Miller
+Stirling commanded one company, the brothers Smythe (South Africans
+and both keen sportsmen) each commanded other companies. I forget who
+commanded the fourth company. The average time was under ten minutes
+over a two-mile course, and the remarkable thing showing the
+uniformity of training was that there was scarcely two minutes'
+difference in time between any company. But the event of the day was
+the 'tug-of-war' between the two Highland Regiments. It was the best
+tug-of-war that many of us had ever witnessed. The sides had been
+carefully picked and well trained. Officers and men cheered on their
+respective regiments, the crowd of onlookers swelled till the whole
+Brigade was looking on in feverish suspense, and so even were the
+sides that for nearly five minutes not an inch of ground was lost or
+gained. The cheering ceased and the silence became intense; one could
+see the veins standing out on the competitors' foreheads and
+perspiration pouring off their faces, each man pulling to the last
+ounce, then our coach shouted "come away" and as if by magic they gave
+a <span class="pagenum"><a id="page037" name="page037"></a>(p. 037)</span> convulsive pull and gained a foot, the spell was broken,
+and the men of our Regiment looking on gave a wild cheer. In a second
+everyone was shouting for their side, but slowly, very slowly, inch by
+inch they were winning, they would lose a foot and then gain two, till
+after one of the sternest pulls in the history of the Regiment, our
+opponents crossed the line and we were victors. Both sides sank
+exhausted to the ground as their Regiments cheered them to the echo.
+Perhaps some daring Turkish flying man heard that brave cheer from his
+observation car far above and thought the mad English were practising
+some new game to worry his existence. That evening at a concert given
+by the Regiment the General made a speech and congratulated the two
+teams on the best tug-of war he had ever seen, congratulating them on
+their splendid staying powers and for the tenacity and determination
+they had displayed, which he remarked augured ill for the Turk in the
+coming months. History records how true was his prophesy. Our
+Brigadier was General Charles Norie whose gallantry in the field was
+well-known, as in some strange way gallantry ever is known, to every
+man who served under him. And well loved was Charles Norie. He had
+lost an arm fighting on the Indian frontier. There have been many
+depressing optimists since August 1914 who every Autumn swear the war
+will end next spring, and every spring know it cannot last beyond next
+autumn. An answer given by one of our Sergeants was consonant to the
+serene spirit and resolution that filled the regiment and bid defiance
+to the future. Glancing at the General waving his one arm in the air,
+he answered some faint-hearted hopeful, "I'm thinking the war will not
+be over till <span class="pagenum"><a id="page038" name="page038"></a>(p. 038)</span> Norie claps his hands." It is in that spirit
+that the armies of England win their way through at whatever cost.</p>
+
+<table  border="0" cellpadding="0" summary="Illustrations">
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img069" name="img069"></a>
+<img src="images/img069.jpg" width="300" height="491" alt="The P. M. C." title="The P. M. C.">
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img070" name="img070"></a>
+<img src="images/img070.jpg" width="300" height="490" alt="Tigris Salmon" title="Tigris Salmon">
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">THE P. M. C.</span>
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">TIGRIS SALMON</span>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="figcenter">
+<a id="img071" name="img071"></a>
+<img src="images/img071.jpg" width="200" height="334" alt="The Palm Creeks" title="The Palm Creeks">
+
+<a id="img072" name="img072"></a>
+<img src="images/img072.jpg" width="250" height="146" alt="The Palm Creeks" title="The Palm Creeks">
+
+<a id="img073" name="img073"></a>
+<img src="images/img073.jpg" width="200" height="334" alt="The Palm Creeks" title="The Palm Creeks">
+</p>
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE PALM CREEKS</span>.</p>
+
+<p>That evening the Colonel gave a dinner party and the powers of the
+Mess President were taxed to the utmost limit. Nearly 40 sat down, the
+Mess staff rose to the occasion, and the cook turned out things we had
+never seen before. The next day the Commanding Officer remarked at
+dinner "Really, P.M.C., I don't at all know why when we have 2 or 3
+Generals to dinner you can give us nice white table cloths but at
+other times it is only bare boards", "Well Sir," he hesitatingly
+replied, "they were two of Stewart's sheets." Sundays were usually
+fairly slack days. I sometimes thought that they could have been even
+slacker, it being so absolutely necessary to have one day's rest a
+week. Church Parade would be held in the early morning, and another
+service at 6 in the evening after the sun had set. These evening
+services were very impressive; we would form round in a half circle
+sitting on the grass, or what formed a substitute for grass, with the
+Padre in the middle. The Commanding Officer would sit at one end of
+the half circle either amongst his officers or at the other end
+amongst the men, and the Padre knowing well the limits of human
+endurance and the severe test that the great heat was putting us to,
+never preached too long a sermon. We all loved him, and as he had been
+with the Regiment for a dozen years he knew everyone and about
+everyone, and when he went sick after the great advance on Baghdad,
+all felt that they had temporarily lost a friend. We were miles away
+from any village and still further from any town, so there was no one
+to visit on Sundays and <span class="pagenum"><a id="page039" name="page039"></a>(p. 039)</span> no social life; unlike our
+comrades in France we were unable to enjoy the hospitality of a
+friendly population or look forward to going home on leave. We were
+out here and we knew it meant for months or may be years. Leave in a
+restricted form was granted to India during the 1916 summer, but that
+is going from one hot country to another and, though appreciated,
+could not be compared to going home. We knew two or three days in
+advance, the day that we would go up to the trenches for our spell,
+and we usually went in at the commencement of the month, so had the
+advantage, or disadvantage as it sometimes proved, of having a full
+moon. The distance to march was about three miles before we reached
+the end of the communication trench and we never started till late in
+the afternoon. All that day we were busy preparing our trench kits and
+packing up the necessary kit which had to be as little as possible. We
+always marched up in kilts and marched out in kilts, but during our
+stay there our clothes were the irreducible minimum, shorts and
+shirts. I well remember my first spell in the trenches of the famous
+Sanniyat position. We usually held the centre of the line with an
+Indian Regiment on either side and one in reserve. We left camp soon
+after seven, the night was one of those wonderful clear still
+moonlight nights for which this country is justly famous. It was
+difficult to imagine before one came within sound of rifle fire that a
+grim struggle was being enacted a mile or so in front, everything was
+still quiet and peaceful, there were no villages to pass through on
+our way up, it was simply open flat country with a river on one side
+and a marsh on the other, a long dusty road leading from the Rest
+Camps to the rear <span class="pagenum"><a id="page040" name="page040"></a>(p. 040)</span> of the trenches. A light was burning in
+Brigade Headquarters and a sentry on duty and we silently filed up the
+long communication trench which was deep in dust as rain had not
+fallen for months. We passed fatigue parties coming down for rations
+and the dust was most distressing. The relief of trenches is usually a
+long and tedious process&mdash;handing over stores, getting receipts,
+pointing out anything of exceptional interest and generally getting
+settled down for ten or fourteen days. The Regimental Headquarters
+were about 200 yards behind the front line and connected up by
+telephone and various companies and platoons took it in turn to do
+their round of duty in the front line. I think in the trenches you
+come to know men as you can get to know them in no other place, the
+reserve of civilization is often thrown off and you know a man for
+what he is, not for what he would have you think he is. I remember
+sitting one night on the fire step of the front line trench and having
+a long and interesting talk with a Sergeant about Nigeria. He was
+telling me all about his life out there before the war, and the part
+he took in the Cameroon Campaign. Back in a Rest Camp he would never
+have got so communicative, but when one knows that one's lives are
+dependant on each other a close comradeship often results between both
+officers and men. This gallant fellow some months later was killed as
+his company was advancing to attack a Turkish position after the
+capture of Baghdad. I always feel glad I had that talk with him.</p>
+
+<a id="img074" name="img074"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img074.jpg" width="400" height="235" alt="Ashar Creek" title="Ashar Creek">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">ASHAR CREEK</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img075" name="img075"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img075.jpg" width="400" height="237" alt="Ashar Creek" title="Ashar Creek">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">ASHAR CREEK</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img076" name="img076"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img076.jpg" width="400" height="235" alt="Native Bazaar, Ashar" title="Native Bazaar, Ashar">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">NATIVE BAZAAR, ASHAR</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="figcenter">
+<a id="img077" name="img077"></a>
+<img src="images/img077.jpg" width="200" height="337" alt="Scenes In Basrah" title="Scenes In Basrah">
+
+<a id="img078" name="img078"></a>
+<img src="images/img078.jpg" width="300" height="176" alt="Scenes In Basrah" title="Scenes In Basrah">
+
+<a id="img079" name="img079"></a>
+<img src="images/img079.jpg" width="200" height="334" alt="Scenes In Basrah" title="Scenes In Basrah">
+</p>
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">SCENES IN BASRAH</span>.</p>
+
+<p>The nights in the trenches were the busiest time not only on account
+of darkness but also on account of coolness. At 9 o'clock in the
+morning an inspection of rifles <span class="pagenum"><a id="page041" name="page041"></a>(p. 041)</span> and kit would be held by the
+Company Officers, after which the whole Company would retire to
+dug-outs in the reserve front line trenches, 10 yards behind the fire
+trench and then endeavour to get through the day as well as possible.
+The dug-outs had not the comforts of present day dug-outs on the
+Western Front. The only roof we had was sail cloth, so if a shell
+happened to strike it the results were fatal. This sail cloth kept the
+sun off, but the heat was terrific. Sentries only, and one officer per
+Company were kept on duty during the day in the front line, where
+there was not a yard of shade, the sun beat down with relentless
+vigour and gradually as the day wore on the temperature would rise to
+120 degrees in the shade and 160 degrees in the sun and there was no
+shade. And this was not for a day or two days but week after week.
+After 9 o'clock in the morning a death-like stillness would creep over
+everything, both sides suffering too much to be able to add any more
+suffering to each other. The stillness would be broken now and again
+by the crack of a sniper's rifle and one dare not look over the
+parapet. In the early mornings aeroplanes would fly over the lines but
+without any great show of activity on either side; the heat kept
+everything quiet. The very flies are scarce in the hottest months,
+only the sandflies torment one at night, and so the day gradually
+passes, and as one goes the round to see everything is in order and
+one sees the men stretched out in their dug-outs, reading, trying to
+sleep, very few talking and all suffering, one remembers with what
+irritation one had read in a famous London daily paper, a query&mdash;why
+the Mesopotamian Campaign had come to an end during the summer, why no
+advance was heard of. One longed to put the writer <span class="pagenum"><a id="page042" name="page042"></a>(p. 042)</span> of that
+article over the parapet in the sun where within five minutes or less,
+he would have his question answered. At times, on a hot parching day
+lying in one's dug-out, one would hear a great flutter of wings as a
+flight of cranes or wild geese flew over our lines, immediately
+followed by a loud fusillade of rifle fire as the sentries endeavoured
+to bring one down; several times a goose was brought down, and I well
+remember the annoyance of an officer when a goose he had winged
+managed to flutter across into the Turkish lines. The heat was at the
+maximum between 2 and 3 when we could almost boil oil in the sun. At 4
+o'clock things livened up somewhat and at 5-30 everyone stood ready in
+the front line awaiting any possible attack but neither side showed
+any intention of attacking. Night duties were arranged, parapets had
+to be mended, new trenches dug, barbed wire put out and all the
+necessary work in connection with trench warfare continued. Officers
+patrols were regularly sent out into "No Man's Land" to examine the
+enemy's wire and find out if he were sapping forward. As the summer
+advanced the marsh receded on the left of the enemy's line, and this
+gave our scouts an opportunity to patrol and harass the Turks by
+penetrating in rear of their left flank. Much gallant work was done in
+this direction and much credit gained by the Regiment, for the Colonel
+considered that a good test of the fighting energy of a Company was
+the vigour of its patrol duties, and a good number of the Turkish
+sentries, I feel sure, agreed with him. The usual night "Hate" started
+about six when both sides opened fire, rifle and machine gun, on the
+opposite trenches, this was kept up all night, some nights would be
+more lively than others, some nights would <span class="pagenum"><a id="page043" name="page043"></a>(p. 043)</span> be comparatively
+quiet, but now and again an artillery bombardment would take place,
+when we always seemed to give more than we got. Both we and the Turk
+were very free with rifle grenades, but what troubled us most was a
+special pattern of trench mortar that threw a heavy bomb over quarter
+of a mile. One night I remember one landed in and blew up the whole of
+the regimental cookhouse; luckily the cooks were sleeping elsewhere
+and it was only the dixies that suffered.</p>
+
+<a id="img080" name="img080"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img080.jpg" width="400" height="268" alt="The Tree Of Knowledge, Kurnah" title="The Tree Of Knowledge, Kurnah">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE TREE OF KNOWLEDGE, KURNAH. SUPPOSED SITE OF THE
+GARDEN OF EDEN</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img081" name="img081"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img081.jpg" width="400" height="252" alt="Ashar Creek" title="Ashar Creek">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">ASHAR CREEK</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>I have always considered myself a very light sleeper, but one evening
+I had cause to come to another conclusion. I had just come off duty
+from the front line and was speaking to a brother officer outside my
+dug-out about 9 o'clock when suddenly we opened artillery fire on the
+Turkish position with considerable vigour, and they replied but in a
+milder form. I retired and lay down in my dug-out listening to the
+shells whistling above and praying to Providence that none would land
+on my sail cloth roof. In about half an hour the bombardment ceased
+and one wondered what damage had been done and how many lives lost. I
+then slept. At breakfast the next morning remarking on the bombardment
+I was asked "which"? "Which?" I replied, "why last night's of course,"
+"Yes, but the first or second?" "Well, I only heard one," I said. "Oh!
+another took place at midnight," I was informed. I had slept through
+it and had not heard a sound. So trench life must tire one out
+somewhat to enable one to sleep so soundly as to be unaware of a
+bombardment. On still nights when possible the very perfection of the
+night made men less inclined to fire rifles at each other's trenches.
+I used to hear a Turk singing. He had a <span class="pagenum"><a id="page044" name="page044"></a>(p. 044)</span> deep rich voice and
+I often stood in the front line or in a communication trench listening
+to him as his voice carried across "No Man's Land" from the Turkish
+line 120 yards away. It used to fascinate me quite a lot and one felt
+that under the eastern sky, in the land of Sinbad the Sailor and Omar
+Khayyam that war had not quite killed romance. I wonder what happened
+to that singer. I wonder if in the great push to Baghdad and beyond he
+was killed or if he is now singing to his fellow-prisoners in
+captivity in India, or if he is still cheering on his comrades in the
+front line further up the Tigris. I don't suppose one will ever know,
+but if he should ever read these lines I would like him to know he not
+only cheered his own side but gave pleasure to at least one of his
+enemies.</p>
+
+<a id="img082" name="img082"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img082.jpg" width="400" height="228" alt="The Ship Of The Desert" title="The Ship Of The Desert">
+</div>
+
+<a id="img083" name="img083"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img083.jpg" width="400" height="267" alt="The Ship Of The Desert" title="The Ship Of The Desert">
+</div>
+
+<a id="img084" name="img084"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img084.jpg" width="400" height="160" alt="The Ship Of The Desert" title="The Ship Of The Desert">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE SHIP OF THE DESERT PLAYS AN IMPORTANT PART IN
+MESOPOTAMIA</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img085" name="img085"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img085.jpg" width="400" height="234" alt="Ruins Of &quot;Old Bassorah.&quot;" title="Ruins Of &quot;Old Bassorah.&quot;">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">RUINS OF "OLD BASSORAH."</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>We used to have three Officers' Messes when in the trenches. The
+Headquarters Mess presided over by the Colonel and two Company Messes,
+presided over by their respective Company Commanders. The Headquarters
+Mess was a very comfortable affair, a big dug-out, and made in such a
+way that ground formed the table in the middle and seats all around,
+the sides were well banked up with sand bags and outside a small ante
+room where one could sit and smoke in the evening, and the roof was
+the sky and a very wonderful sky during those long rainless cloudless
+months. Round about the Headquarters, the Colonel, the Adjutant, the
+Doctor, the Sergeant-Major, had their dug-outs, and the Mess did for
+Orderly Room also. The Company Messes were not so elaborate, and were
+situated nearer the front line and close to our own dug-outs. We
+endeavoured however to make ourselves as comfortable as possible,
+but <span class="pagenum"><a id="page045" name="page045"></a>(p. 045)</span> for some reason or other the flies took a great liking
+to our Mess (No. 1 Company), and at any time day or night they were
+assembled in their hundreds on our canvas roof. We had a large war map
+fixed up on to the mud wall to enable us to follow events and we had
+occasional visits from the Padre and the Doctor, but it was not a
+healthy place, no part of the second line was; the second line was
+about a 100 yards behind the first, and for some reason it seemed to
+give the Turks much more pleasure to put their shells nearer to the
+second line than the first. I have picked small flowers growing on the
+front line parapet, but I have never seen any on the second. During my
+first spell in the trenches after being in the front line, I was put
+in charge of the reserves in the reserve trenches and spent three
+awful days and four awful nights in this position. The heat seemed to
+be worse here than anywhere. I had to spend my days in a small 40 lbs.
+tent lying on the ground gasping for air as the sun poured down with
+relentless fury. It was burning hot from the moment it rose till it
+set 14 hours after over the Arabian Desert. The men were slightly more
+fortunate in that they had a bigger tent, but they suffered also and
+it was at these times that one could not but admire the spirit of the
+'British Soldier.' One seldom heard a complaint, of course they were
+"fed up" with the heat, everyone was the Archangel Gabriel would have
+been, but there was never any thought given to anything else but to
+"stick it at whatever cost." The officer in reserve was attached to
+the Headquarters Mess and so one was likely to get any news going.
+Lying in my tent reading, I now forget the name of the book, but I
+came across the passage which I will always remember "The writing
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page046" name="page046"></a>(p. 046)</span> which Nebuchadnezar saw on the wall." As I read that I felt
+convinced that Nebuchadnezar never saw any writing on the wall and
+when I reached the Mess that evening, the first one to come in was the
+Doctor and being a good Presbyterian I felt sure he would have this
+knowledge at his fingers' ends, so I asked him who saw the writing on
+the wall and he immediately replied "Nebuchadnezar". "Not at all," I
+said, and I told him I had just read the same thing in a book but felt
+convinced it was wrong, he felt certain the book was right. "Very
+well," I said, "I'll bet you, you are wrong," he accepted the bet. The
+Adjutant came in soon after and supported the Doctor. I now saw a
+veritable gold mine before me and he too was willing to back his
+knowledge against mine. We decided to refer the matter to the Colonel,
+so when he came in we asked his opinion. The Colonel was not only a
+gallant soldier but he was a cautious Scotchman. "Well," he said, "I
+think it was Nebuchadnezar, but I would not be willing to back too
+much on it." It is only necessary to turn to the 5th Chapter of Daniel
+to see who won the bets. That night sanction came for several N.C.O.'s
+and men to go on leave to India for a month. Sanction had been
+hanging fire for some time and the lucky ones were beginning to
+despair. My sergeant was among the lucky ones and I knew how pleased
+he would be when I got back and told him to report to Headquarters at
+5 the next morning for leave to India. It was late when I got back,
+but little did he mind being disturbed to receive such news. I vouch
+for it that he slept well that night and did not oversleep himself in
+the morning. To those in France who get leave every three or four
+months it is impossible to <span class="pagenum"><a id="page047" name="page047"></a>(p. 047)</span> understand what leave even to
+India once in one or two years means, but when the news comes that we
+can get leave for England, it will indeed be a red letter day for us
+all. I was so exhausted the next day with the heat that I was unable
+to appear at Mess. The Colonel sent up to find out what was wrong and
+wanted me to return to the rest camp at once, but I was not
+sufficiently done up for that, and I only relate this incident to show
+the thoughtfulness of the Commanding Officer for those under him.</p>
+
+
+<table  border="0" cellpadding="0" summary="Illustrations">
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img086" name="img086"></a>
+<img src="images/img086.jpg" width="204" height="350" alt="Quartermaster-Sergeant Hobbs" title="Quartermaster-Sergeant Hobbs">
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img087" name="img087"></a>
+<img src="images/img087.jpg" width="200" height="350" alt="The Regimental Sergeant-Major" title="The Regimental Sergeant-Major">
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img088" name="img088"></a>
+<img src="images/img088.jpg" width="202" height="350" alt="Pipe Major Keith" title="Pipe Major Keith">
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">QUARTERMASTER-SERGEANT HOBBS</span>.
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">THE REGIMENTAL SERGEANT-MAJOR IN THE TRENCHES.
+SERGEANT-MAJOR A. SMART, M.C.</span>
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">PIPE MAJOR KEITH</span>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<a id="img089" name="img089"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img089.jpg" width="500" height="271" alt="No. 3 British General Hospital" title="No. 3 British General Hospital">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">NO. 3 BRITISH GENERAL HOSPITAL</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The next evening after the Regiment was relieved the reserves being
+the last to come out of the trenches, I found a horse waiting for me,
+on the Commanding Officer's instructions, so that I would not have the
+exertion of the march back to camp; that and similar incidents made
+our affection for our Commanding Officer a very real thing. But being
+in reserve had one compensation, in the early morning before the sun
+rose and just at dawn to lie and watch the wonderful colourings on the
+Pusht-i-Kuh Hills, colours changing every moment, was always
+pleasurable, and suddenly a shell would burst near the artillery
+position and one would know the daily Hate and Strafe had started, and
+shortly after the sun would rise. We spent some uncomfortable evenings
+being shelled in these trenches, and watching and waiting for them to
+burst was not an enjoyable occupation. There were no safe dug-outs to
+seek safety in, one had to stick it out wherever one was situated and
+hope for the best. The damage done was seldom great beyond knocking
+the trenches about a bit and these were soon repaired. Having been put
+in charge of a digging party one morning in the rearward area whose
+duty it was to widen <span class="pagenum"><a id="page048" name="page048"></a>(p. 048)</span> and deepen a communication trench, I
+saw a good opportunity while the work was going on of looking for
+souvenirs in the shape of Turkish shell caps. So getting out of the
+trench I commenced a search and continued for some time but without
+success, when I was driven to seek shelter in the trench by a shell
+bursting in close proximity, they had evidently spotted someone
+walking about and opened fire, but it did not last for long. During
+our period in the trenches if there was very little doing, as was
+usually the case during the hot weeks, we were in turn sent down to
+the Depot three miles behind for two days' rest, and it was an
+absolute and complete rest. One had nothing whatever to do, get up at
+any time, go to bed at any time, complete relaxation, those two days
+were a great boon to us. To have absolutely nothing to do was a great
+luxury and anything out of the ordinary routine was enjoyable. During
+my spell of leave at the Depot one evening sitting round the Mess
+table which we had outside on account of the great heat, we were
+discussing the movements of the Regiment during the past 20 years and
+when I remarked that I had watched the Regiment embarking at Durban
+for India 15 years before, the Quartermaster said, "I was there and
+out of the whole Battalion that embarked that day, there are only two
+of us left with the Regiment, the Sergeant-Major and myself". I little
+thought as I watched the 2nd Battalion saying farewell to South Africa
+that 15 years later I would share in some of its trials on the banks
+of the Tigris. Sitting in the Headquarters Mess in the evening, as I
+previously stated, one got all the news, about 8 o'clock the
+Quartermaster would appear having come up from the Depot in charge of
+the rations party and to <span class="pagenum"><a id="page049" name="page049"></a>(p. 049)</span> make his report. The mails would
+be brought up by them too and if the English mail was due and had
+arrived with letters and papers great was the excitement. Our letters
+took about six weeks from England to the firing line, but we were
+allowed to send week-end cables at a very reduced rate, something like
+6<i>d.</i> a word, and could send them off actually from the trenches on
+their long journey half across the world. The food, taking everything
+into consideration, was good, although of necessity it had to greatly
+consist of tinned and dried varieties and we suffered somewhat from
+lack of fresh vegetables. Later an improvement in this respect was
+effected.</p>
+
+<p class="figcenter">
+<a id="img090" name="img090"></a>
+<img src="images/img090.jpg" width="200" height="334" alt="Scenes In The Trenches At San-I-Yat" title="Scenes In The Trenches At San-I-Yat">
+
+<a id="img091" name="img091"></a>
+<img src="images/img091.jpg" width="300" height="196" alt="Scenes In The Trenches At San-I-Yat" title="Scenes In The Trenches At San-I-Yat">
+
+<a id="img092" name="img092"></a>
+<img src="images/img092.jpg" width="200" height="337" alt="Scenes In The Trenches At San-I-Yat" title="Scenes In The Trenches At San-I-Yat">
+</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">SCENES IN THE TRENCHES AT SAN-I-YAT</span>.</p>
+
+<a id="img093" name="img093"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img093.jpg" width="400" height="186" alt="The Filters" title="The Filters">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE FILTERS</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img094" name="img094"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img094.jpg" width="400" height="233" alt="Captain MacQueen, R.A.M.C." title="Captain MacQueen, R.A.M.C.">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">CAPTAIN MACQUEEN, R.A.M.C., AND HIS AID POST</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img095" name="img095"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img095.jpg" width="300" height="419" alt="Indian Water Carriers At San-I-Yat" title="Indian Water Carriers At San-I-Yat">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">INDIAN WATER CARRIERS AT SAN-I-YAT</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>A flag of truce was always an interesting event. A white flag would be
+prominently displayed by one side above the trench and kept there till
+the other side responded and also hoisted a flag, and two or three
+officers would go out from either side meeting in the middle of "No
+Man's Land" where the business was discussed. Sometimes it would be
+simply handing over a letter or letters; other times the business
+would take longer. A truce of some hours' duration would sometimes be
+arranged. The longest I remember was for 24 hours when we exchanged
+sick prisoners; but there was no fraternizing; we might sit on the
+parapet of our trench and the Turk would do the same; but there was no
+attempt made to be friendly; the Turk knew and so did we that within a
+few short months we would be at death grips with each other and that
+one side or the other would be driven out of the present strong
+positions we had taken up; but whichever side won, the losses of both
+would be great and so we sat and looked at each other during those
+short respites, and both sides adhered <span class="pagenum"><a id="page050" name="page050"></a>(p. 050)</span> strictly to the
+truce. When it expired it was not safe to show even a helmet over the
+parapet. The Colonel told me that several times the same Turkish
+officer brought the flag of truce. He spoke French easily and said he
+had been fighting more or less continuously the last eight years&mdash;in
+the Iraq against Arabs, in Tripoli against the Italians, in Gallipoli,
+and now on the Tigris against the British. He had been wounded four
+times, and was again wounded and taken prisoner by us during the
+advance, 1917. In 1916 we were fighting a foe, elated by his success
+at Kut, and it was only after our victories in the spring of 1917,
+that he showed any signs of war weariness.</p>
+
+<p>One hot and sunny morning I was speaking to one of our sentries who
+had been watching a Turk appear above their parapet and had already
+had one shot at him and was waiting to get another and I had scarcely
+moved a 100 yards down the trench when the unfortunate sentry having
+looked over too far received a bullet clean through his head. Once or
+twice during the hot weather bombing parties went over for short raids
+but without very much success and very little advantage.</p>
+
+<p>I witnessed no instance of gas being used but precautions were taken
+and gas helmets issued with orders that they must always be carried
+whilst in the fire zone. Gongs were placed at intervals all along the
+front line and had to be sounded at the first alarm, but fortunately
+that alarm never came.</p>
+
+<p class="figcenter">
+<a id="img096" name="img096"></a>
+<img src="images/img096.jpg" width="200" height="341" alt="The Regiment In The Trenches At San-I-Yat" title="The Regiment In The Trenches At San-I-Yat">
+
+<a id="img097" name="img097"></a>
+<img src="images/img097.jpg" width="300" height="198" alt="The Regiment In The Trenches At San-I-Yat" title="The Regiment In The Trenches At San-I-Yat">
+
+<a id="img098" name="img098"></a>
+<img src="images/img098.jpg" width="200" height="336" alt="The Regiment In The Trenches At San-I-Yat" title="The Regiment In The Trenches At San-I-Yat">
+</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE REGIMENT IN THE TRENCHES AT SAN-I-YAT</span>.</p>
+
+<a id="img099" name="img099"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img099.jpg" width="400" height="243" alt="In The San-I-Yat Trenches" title="In The San-I-Yat Trenches">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">IN THE SAN-I-YAT TRENCHES</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img100" name="img100"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img100.jpg" width="400" height="244" alt="Looking Towards The Turkish Lines At San-I-Yat" title="Looking Towards The Turkish Lines At San-I-Yat">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">LOOKING TOWARDS THE TURKISH LINES AT SAN-I-YAT</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>One of my duties was to buy stores for the Officers' Mess and the
+men's canteen and before Field Force Canteens were opened immediately
+behind the firing line it meant a trip down to Sheikh Saad about once
+a month, after the arrival of the canteen boat, of which we
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page051" name="page051"></a>(p. 051)</span> were duly notified. Buying was usually brisk but we generally
+got our fair share of anything going and the Regimental Canteen
+retailed to the men at just above cost price, everything was disposed
+of in a very short space of time as the things for sale were looked
+upon as luxuries and in great demand. On the morning of the
+anniversary of Loos the Commanding Officer addressed the Regiment and
+proclaimed the day a holiday stating that night a ration of whisky
+would be issued to commemorate the event. I heard afterwards that it
+was all the Sergeant-Major could do to keep the men from cheering,
+weeks and months had passed since the men had had anything stronger
+than tea to drink and this ration was much appreciated. Another very
+welcome event was the arrival of parcels from Lady Carmichael's Gift
+Fund in Calcutta. A great deal of gratitude is due to Lady Carmichael
+and her staff and the ladies of India for the way the fund was
+organised. They sent us shirts and shorts and towels and soap, razors,
+chocolates, mufflers, cigarettes, tobacco, tinned fruit and <i>chutney</i>.
+Certainly the best <i>chutney</i> I ever tasted came in a gift, I remember
+it was home made and came from Assam and the maker's name written on
+the jar. I told the Mess Sergeant to write a special letter thanking
+the maker, thinking that by doing so some more might appear. But I am
+sorry to have to say, none did. As the summer began to draw to an end
+preparations had to be made for the winter. The terrific heat of the
+summer had gone and now the biting cold of winter had to be prepared
+for. If the coming winter was going to be anything like the previous
+one, then we were going to suffer; but preparations for it were in
+full swing. The Doctor gave an order <span class="pagenum"><a id="page052" name="page052"></a>(p. 052)</span> for a supply of rubber
+water bottles for his aid post, whereupon a very liberal and
+kind-hearted officer cabled home for one for each officer. I don't
+know if anyone else used them for heat purposes. I know I used mine.
+Fifteen years in tropical climates has made the 'cold' one of my worst
+enemies, but if they were not used as hot water bottles they certainly
+were as air cushions; this same officer never neglected an opportunity
+of doing acts of kindness to his brother officers and men immediately
+under his command, and when he was eventually invalided to India he
+still remembered his friends and sent them delightful and much
+appreciated parcels.</p>
+
+<a id="img101" name="img101"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img101.jpg" width="400" height="229" alt="Qualat Saleh" title="Qualat Saleh">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">QUALAT SALEH</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img102" name="img102"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img102.jpg" width="400" height="197" alt="Rawal Pindi Hospital, Amara" title="Rawal Pindi Hospital, Amara">
+</div>
+
+<a id="img103" name="img103"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img103.jpg" width="400" height="196" alt="Rawal Pindi Hospital, Amara" title="Rawal Pindi Hospital, Amara">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">RAWAL PINDI HOSPITAL, AMARA</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img104" name="img104"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img104.jpg" width="400" height="232" alt="On The Banks Of The Tigris" title="On The Banks Of The Tigris">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">ON THE BANKS OF THE TIGRIS</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img105" name="img105"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img105.jpg" width="400" height="198" alt="A Marching Post" title="A Marching Post">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">A MARCHING POST</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img106" name="img106"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img106.jpg" width="400" height="198" alt="The Bridge At Arab Village" title="The Bridge At Arab Village">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE BRIDGE AT ARAB VILLAGE</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>CHAPTER VI. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page053" name="page053"></a>(p. 053)</span></h2>
+
+
+<p>Everything was ready. The Regiment was in excellent form and fettle,
+highly trained and efficient, and the powers that be knew that it
+could be depended on to a man. The first rains had fallen and it was
+cool without being cold. Mesopotamia takes a long time to cool after
+the great summer heat and does not usually get very cold till January,
+and on December 13th the British offensive began on the right bank of
+the Tigris near Kut, and very severe fighting took place. It was not
+till February 1917 that the last Turkish position on this bank was
+captured. In the meantime, on the left bank, the position for the
+moment remained much the same. Limpits could not cling with greater
+tenacity to their native rock than the Turks stuck to their position
+at San-i-yat. It would seem as if nothing could drive them out from
+this, the strongest position in Mesopotamia. 'Xmas Day and New Year's
+Day were spent out of the trenches, but in the forward area. Events
+were moving rapidly on the other bank, but the marvellous secrecy with
+which the Commander-in-Chief kept all his plans inspired the greatest
+confidence in those under him. No one knew his plans; everything was a
+dead secret; it was even rumoured that his immediate staff were often
+kept in ignorance up to the last moment, but all ranks had confidence.
+On January 21st at 4 p.m. we struck camp at Faliyeh, crossed the river
+and for 10 days occupied a position along the Narrows <span class="pagenum"><a id="page054" name="page054"></a>(p. 054)</span> from
+Chahela Mounds to near Beit-a-Essa, a distance of about five miles,
+establishing picquets along the line. This was a most welcome change.
+We had been on one side of the river for practically a whole year and
+new duties and new country broke the monotony. Each Company was
+divided up. Three Companies holding the line along the Tigris bank and
+the fourth in reserve. Casualties were very light and Captain Haldane
+did excellent work sniping and kept the enemy well in hand. The
+gunners were good enough to remark that a great change was noticeable
+since the line had been taken over by us; this was probably a little
+bit of flattery on the part of the Artillery men, but it was quite
+welcome. During these days the Commanding Officer was an unknown
+quantity as one never knew where he would next appear on the five-mile
+line. I think that he must have known every inch of it. We were
+relieved by another Highland Regiment and a very pleasant ten days
+came to an end with a march back across the river to the forward area
+and back to the now muddy trench at San-i-yat. It was now bitterly
+cold and uncomfortable at night and the mud in the trench almost as
+bad as the dust in the summer. Bombardments were of daily occurrence
+and the Turk must have had a most uncomfortable January. About the
+middle of February the Army Commander determined to make a combined
+attack with one force at the Shumran bend, and with one of our
+brigades at San-i-yat. The attack at San-i-yat was delivered by two
+Indian Battalions of our Brigade under great disadvantages, and though
+at first successful, the attackers were eventually compelled to
+withdraw back to our lines. Every officer and every man regretted
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page055" name="page055"></a>(p. 055)</span> that the Battalion had not been selected to take part in the
+attack in the first instance, and were eager to lead the Brigade in
+another assault. This indeed was the wish of the whole Brigade, and
+orders in fact were issued to that effect, but two days later, when
+every arrangement had been completed, it was decided to make the
+attack with a fresh Brigade and ours was withdrawn and held as a
+reserve.</p>
+
+<p class="figcenter">
+<a id="img107" name="img107"></a>
+<img src="images/img107.jpg" width="250" height="410" alt="Scenes On The River Tigris" title="Scenes On The River Tigris">
+
+<a id="img108" name="img108"></a>
+<img src="images/img108.jpg" width="250" height="411" alt="Scenes On The River Tigris" title="Scenes On The River Tigris">
+</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">SCENES ON THE RIVER TIGRIS</span>.</p>
+
+<a id="img109" name="img109"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img109.jpg" width="500" height="317" alt="A Post On The Tigris" title="A Post On The Tigris">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">A POST ON THE TIGRIS</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Before leaving the trenches, however, the Colonel ordered two
+officer's patrols to go out the last night to examine the enemy's wire
+and locate, if possible, the position of their machine guns, thinking
+thus to assist the attack of the coming Brigade. Of these patrols one
+was led by Lieut. Cowie and met with rather exciting adventures. Cowie
+and two scouts crawled across "No Man's Land" to within 20 yards of
+the Turkish trench without mishap. Then creeping along the enemy's
+wire they spotted a machine gun with the team standing beside it.
+Right into this group the three threw three grenades, wounding several
+Turks as we afterwards learned. Inevitably the alarm was given, rifle
+fire broke out in all directions and, before the patrol could make
+good their escape, Cowie and one of his men were hit. The Turks saw
+the two figures lying close to their own wire, jumped the parapet, and
+made both prisoners, and carried them within their lines. They were
+well treated, if not well fed, by their captors, and two days later
+when the retirement began were moved out of the Turkish hospital on to
+a steamer. This boat was one of two that when trying to escape some
+days later up the Tigris were captured, after a short but severe
+engagement, by our gunboats. Cowie, in the confusion of the fight,
+forced the pilot of his steamer to run her aground <span class="pagenum"><a id="page056" name="page056"></a>(p. 056)</span> and,
+though most of the Turks effected their escape, Cowie and his orderly
+instead of continuing their journey to Aleppo, found themselves at
+General Headquarters attended to by several surgeons and Intelligence
+Officers, anxious to dress their wounds and hear their story.</p>
+
+<p>On the 22nd the attack was delivered by a battalion of Highlanders and
+a Punjabi battalion. Under a heavy artillery bombardment they gained
+the enemy's first line without much loss. Then after severe fighting
+they captured the enemy's second line and consolidated their position.
+The Turks made several counter attacks and though nothing could move
+the Highlanders, the position on the left was not quite secure. Our
+battalion was therefore ordered back to the trenches, and the Colonel
+obtained leave to send two platoons under Captain Young across to the
+Turkish position in order to strengthen the left of our new line.
+Captain Young was wounded, but the two platoons that night and the
+following day held the line down to the river where a counter attack
+was most expected.</p>
+
+<p>The Colonel asked leave to push forward that day, but it was not till
+nightfall that two battalions of our Brigade were ordered to pass
+through the other Brigade and take the enemy's 4th line. It was
+necessarily a slow business moving up unknown trenches at night, and
+the battalion on our left met with considerable resistance. However,
+if progress was slow it was sure, our patrols pushed steadily forward,
+the enemy's snipers were forced back and before dawn the whole
+San-i-yat position was in our hands, and the Turks in full retreat.
+Thus fell this position which for ten long months had held us up, and
+had claimed such a <span class="pagenum"><a id="page057" name="page057"></a>(p. 057)</span> big toll of lives from both sides. The
+sky was clear and without cloud. The same sun shone out on victors as
+on vanquished, on pursued and pursuers. One wondered how often, ten
+months before, the gallant defenders of Kut had looked towards this
+position longing, hoping, praying for its capture which was only now
+accomplished. Meanwhile after very hard fighting the Tigris had been
+bridged at Shumran above Kut and our infantry was pouring across.
+Patrols of the 2nd Battalion were immediately sent forward towards the
+Nakhailat position some two miles further east and the two leading
+companies followed in attack formation. An Indian battalion conformed
+to our movements on the left, while the leading battalions of the
+other Brigade began to appear on our right rear. None of our men will
+ever forget the scene that morning, nor the feeling of freedom and
+elation as our lines passed over trench after trench now deserted by
+the Turks, and it was these trenches over which we were now so
+casually advancing that we had been anxiously watching from behind our
+parapet for nearly a year. It seemed increditable, but we passed by
+trenches filled with Turkish dead. We passed several of the heavy
+minenwerfers whose shells had been a source of such trouble and loss
+the last few months, and before 8 a.m. after some little sniping and
+the capture of a few prisoners the Nakhailat position was also ours.
+Here a pause was made by order of the General to give time to another
+Brigade to secure our right flank, and then in conjunction with the
+Indians on our left the Regiment advanced in attack formation with
+patrols well ahead against the Suwada position, but the crossing of
+the Shumran Bend the day before had rendered resistance impossible
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page058" name="page058"></a>(p. 058)</span> and, after a little firing and the capture of a few more
+prisoners, the last of the Turkish trenches fell into our hands before
+noon.</p>
+
+<p>The Divisional Commander now ordered a halt. An order doubtless
+necessary, but that was somewhat reluctantly obeyed, the troops being
+anxious to get in touch with their vanishing foe, and it was not till
+4 p.m. that an order came to send two patrols some four miles further
+north to the Horse Shoe lake. As it was uncertain what they might
+encounter the Commanding Officer sent forward four platoons and they
+reached the Nwhrwan Ridge without opposition. Our Colonel proposed
+that the rest of the Brigade should push forward after the enemy, but
+instead of this patrols were brought back about midnight, and it was
+not till the next day that the line of the Dahra Canal was taken up by
+the Division, the Turks by then being many miles to the north.</p>
+
+<p>On February 24th Kut fell in the hands of the British and the King
+cabled to the Army Commander:</p>
+
+<p>"I congratulate you and the troops under your command on the successes
+recently obtained, and feel confident that all ranks will spare no
+effort to achieve further success. It is gratifying to me to know that
+the difficulties of communications which hitherto hampered your
+operations have been overcome" George R.I.</p>
+
+<table  border="0" cellpadding="0" summary="Illustrations">
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img110" name="img110"></a>
+<img src="images/img110.jpg" width="260" height="350" alt="Lunn Has A Quiet Rest And Smoke" title="Lunn Has A Quiet Rest And Smoke">
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img111" name="img111"></a>
+<img src="images/img111.jpg" width="232" height="350" alt="B. H. Lunn And C. V. Hendry" title="B. H. Lunn And C. V. Hendry">
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">LUNN HAS A QUIET REST AND SMOKE</span>.
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">B. H. LUNN AND C. V. HENDRY</span>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<a id="img112" name="img112"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img112.jpg" width="600" height="412" alt="Map: The Operations At Kut-El-Amara" title="Map: The Operations At Kut-El-Amara">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">MAP: THE OPERATIONS AT KUT-EL-AMARA, SHOWING THE WIDE
+TURNING MOVEMENTS SOUTH OF THE RIVER.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>When some five months later I stood on the summit of Kut's famous
+minaret, from which Briton and Turk had each in their turn observed
+the enemy closing in on them, and from which one could see the
+junction of the Hai with the Tigris now very low, the ruins of what
+was the Liquorice Factory, and miles away Es Sinn and San-i-yat,
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page059" name="page059"></a>(p. 059)</span> it was impossible not to be impressed and to feel a certain
+sadness and yet a great admiration for all those lives which had been
+so freely given to uphold the honour of the flag and the dignity of
+the Empire, and how when failure after failure had dogged our steps,
+grit and perseverance had at last won the day, and success crowned our
+efforts. Kut was ours; it must have cheered those lonely prisoners in
+captivity in the fastnesses of Asia Minor when the news eventually
+leaked through that their defeat was avenged and that the flag which
+Townshend had been compelled to haul down once again flew over the
+small but famous village to the Banks of the Tigris.</p>
+
+<p>Pursuing is only slightly less arduous than being pursued, and in his
+despatches well might the Army Commander have quoted those famous
+words used centuries before by another great leader when an equally
+strenuous pursuit was in progress. 'Faint yet pursuing'. One has to
+remember that these same troops had been cooped up in trenches for
+nearly a year, and to suddenly be called upon to take a prominent part
+in such a pursuit as was now in progress was no ordinary strain. Not a
+man in No. 1. Platoon fell out on the march from San-i-yat to Baghdad,
+a record of which the platoon and its officer might well be proud. The
+going was bad, there was no road as one understands a road in England,
+it was plain flat open country. A stay was made at Dahra and then a
+night march carried us to Shumran, where there were signs of a cavalry
+fight and prisoners were being brought in.</p>
+
+<p>The Brigade had orders to clear the battlefield and booty of all
+kinds, guns and ammunition were collected, rifles which had been
+thrown away, as it <span class="pagenum"><a id="page060" name="page060"></a>(p. 060)</span> is easier to run without one than with,
+and what little surplus kit the Turk possessed had been discarded, so
+that his flight might not be impeded; they were all out for Baghdad
+and we were all out after them, but we were out-running our Transport
+and Supplies, and the meals during the great pursuit were both scanty
+and irregular, but who cared, so long as we had enough to carry us on.
+All England was looking on, and day by day following our progress with
+feverish interest. "Is Baghdad going to be taken" was on everyone's
+lips. Beards were making their appearance even on the youngest
+soldiers' chins, numbers of men were being knocked up by the
+continuous strain and a four days' halt was called at Sheik Jaad, No.
+1 Company being sent forward to Beghailah. Still pressing forward we
+reached Azizie, 46 miles from Baghdad, and the total number of
+prisoners since the advance now mounted to well over 5,000. Turkish
+depots and stores at many points were in flames, 38 guns, many machine
+guns, trench mortars, ships, tugs and barges, miscellaneous river
+craft and bridging material fell into our hands.</p>
+
+<p>Booty was strewn over 80 miles of country and the Arabs living in the
+neighbourhood must have secured sufficient goods of various
+description to last them the rest of their lives.</p>
+
+<p>Zeur, Bustan, then Ctesiphon were all passed, there being no time or
+opportunity to stay and examine the famous arch. But as we halted for
+the night beside the magnificent ruin, one could but reflect on the
+ironies of a soldier's fortune. Here it was, long before the arch was
+built, that the Emperor Julian, marching from Constantinople, had been
+forced to halt his army, and met with disaster <span class="pagenum"><a id="page061" name="page061"></a>(p. 061)</span> and death;
+and under the ruins of this great arch Townshend, advancing from
+Basra, had engaged in the battle that eventually brought his division
+to disaster and captivity. And now Maude, encamped for the night
+beside the ancient city walls, was pressing forward with his whole
+force to the capture of Baghdad and Samarra.</p>
+
+<a id="img113" name="img113"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img113.jpg" width="400" height="229" alt="Different Types Of Boats On The Tigris" title="Different Types Of Boats On The Tigris">
+</div>
+
+<a id="img114" name="img114"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img114.jpg" width="400" height="196" alt="Different Types Of Boats On The Tigris" title="Different Types Of Boats On The Tigris">
+</div>
+
+<a id="img115" name="img115"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img115.jpg" width="400" height="163" alt="Different Types Of Boats On The Tigris" title="Different Types Of Boats On The Tigris">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">DIFFERENT TYPES OF BOATS ON THE TIGRIS</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="figcenter">
+<a id="img116" name="img116"></a>
+<img src="images/img116.jpg" width="200" height="309" alt="Sailing Boats On The Tigris" title="Sailing Boats On The Tigris">
+
+<a id="img117" name="img117"></a>
+<img src="images/img117.jpg" width="300" height="198" alt="Sailing Boats On The Tigris" title="Sailing Boats On The Tigris">
+
+<a id="img118" name="img118"></a>
+<img src="images/img118.jpg" width="200" height="303" alt="Sailing Boats On The Tigris" title="Sailing Boats On The Tigris">
+</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">SAILING BOATS ON THE TIGRIS</span>.</p>
+
+<p>The next morning, the 9th of March, we were glad of a short march to
+Bawi. The Division crossed the Tigris by a pontoon bridge that night;
+our Brigade being in reserve. After a hard march we reached Shawa
+Khan, the enemy retiring before us and our Brigade came under shell
+fire only. The following day was a very trying one. A gale was blowing
+right in our faces, and the dust was so thick that our movements on
+that day resembled some horrible night march. We man&oelig;uvred the
+whole day, and twice the orders for attack were cancelled owing to the
+difficulty of gaining contact with the enemy. Towards evening we
+struck the Euphrates-Baghdad Railway and were preparing to attack when
+orders came postponing further movements till midnight. Never had any
+of us experienced such a dust storm. With great difficulty we brought
+up the 2nd Line Transport, filled the men's water bottles, and formed
+a Brigade bivouac. Movement was again postponed till 3 a.m. on account
+of the storm, though some of us thought it had been better to take
+advantage of the darkness and make the attack at once. At 3 a.m. our
+patrols were sent forward, the Battalion following in artillery
+formation. Right well led, the patrols pushed on meeting with no real
+resistance. When about a mile short of the Iron Bridge that crosses
+the Kharr Canal, the Colonel received a <span class="pagenum"><a id="page062" name="page062"></a>(p. 062)</span> message that our
+leading patrol had gained the railway station in Baghdad before 6
+a.m., that no Turks remained, and that we were driving out the Arabs
+with little difficulty. This information was immediately sent back to
+the Army Commander, and the Red Haeckle was the first British emblem
+seen in Baghdad. The Medical Officer of the Battalion observing a
+Turkish flag flying over a building, quickly climbed up and hauled it
+down. That flag is now a trophy of the Regiment.</p>
+
+<p>The Turks had fled, but all that morning firing continued both in the
+town and neighbouring palm groves, caused chiefly by Arabs and Kurds
+shooting and looting in all directions. The Brigade, under General
+Thompson, had the well deserved honour of marching through the city,
+and order and confidence was soon established. The Regiment took an
+outpost position on the north of the City towards Kadhimain, and very
+pleasant was the rest under the shade of the palm groves.</p>
+
+<p>The fall of Baghdad was a severe blow not only to the Turks but to the
+whole Quadruple Alliance, but how many who read that cheering and
+inspiring news on the morning of March 12th thought of the trials
+endured and overcome, thought of the sacrifices and losses that had
+been endured to make that news possible. How many knew of the advance
+in the blinding dust storm, when men gasped for air and water. How
+many knew of the fight on the Dialah when the Lancashires covered
+themselves with glory; these things are not always published but they
+were suffered, and suffered in such a manner that one felt it a
+privilege to belong to the same Regiment, Division or Army, and when
+the congratulatory message from the King, our Colonel in <span class="pagenum"><a id="page063" name="page063"></a>(p. 063)</span>
+Chief, was read to the different regiments: 'It is with the greatest
+satisfaction that I have received the good news that you have occupied
+Baghdad. I heartily congratulate you and your troops on their success
+achieved under so many difficulties,' one knew that the Head of all
+our race understood and appreciated all that had been endured
+suffered, and accomplished.</p>
+
+<a id="img119" name="img119"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img119.jpg" width="400" height="253" alt="On Board A Paddle Boat Going Up The Tigris" title="On Board A Paddle Boat Going Up The Tigris">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">ON BOARD A PADDLE BOAT GOING UP THE TIGRIS</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img120" name="img120"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img120.jpg" width="400" height="252" alt="Kurnah, Supposed Site Of The Garden Of Eden" title="Kurnah, Supposed Site Of The Garden Of Eden">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">KURNAH, SUPPOSED SITE OF THE GARDEN OF EDEN</span>.<br> 124° in
+shade when this was taken.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img121" name="img121"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img121.jpg" width="400" height="179" alt="Waiting For Another Boat To Pass" title="Waiting For Another Boat To Pass">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">WAITING FOR ANOTHER BOAT TO PASS</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img122" name="img122"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img122.jpg" width="600" height="304" alt="Baghdad As It Exists To-day" title="Baghdad As It Exists To-day">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">BAGHDAD AS IT EXISTS TO-DAY</span>.<br> Drawn from photographs and
+a plan provided by the National Electric Construction Company,
+Limited.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h3>CHAPTER VII. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page064" name="page064"></a>(p. 064)</span></h3>
+
+<h5>THE BATTLE BEYOND BAGHDAD.<br>
+
+<span class="smcap">By Brigadier-general A. G. Wauchope</span>, <span class="smcap">C.M.G., D.S.O.</span></h5>
+
+
+<p>The following Chapter appeared in <i>Blackwoods Magazine</i> for August
+1917:&mdash;'On the banks of the Tigris I am lying in the shadow of a palm,
+looking down the river on the brick walls and mud roofs, on the
+mosques and minarets of the city of Baghdad, and as I look I am lost
+in wonder. For although I am now lying in a grove of date-palms, it is
+fifteen months since I have seen a tree of any kind; it is fifteen
+months since I have seen a house or lain under a roof; and this girl
+coming towards me with hesitating steps, clothed in rags and patches,
+this little date-seller with her pale face and dark eyes, her empty
+basket resting on her small, well-shaped head&mdash;this is the first woman
+I have seen or spoken to for more than a year.'</p>
+
+<p>Perhaps it is the twilight which gives a feeling of mystery and beauty
+unknown in the glare and noise of midday, and I hardly know, as the
+Tigris seems to lose itself in the evening mists, above which the
+golden minarets of Kazimain still shine and glitter in the setting
+sun, whether I am truly in the land of reality or if I still linger
+but half awake in the realm of dreams and fancies, where stand the
+gates of horn and ivory.</p>
+
+<table  border="0" cellpadding="0" summary="Illustrations">
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img123" name="img123"></a>
+<img src="images/img123.jpg" width="247" height="430" alt="The Transport Officer" title="The Transport Officer">
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img124" name="img124"></a>
+<img src="images/img124.jpg" width="250" height="430" alt="Captain R. MacFarlane, M.C. Killed In Action" title="Captain R. MacFarlane, M.C. Killed In Action">
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">THE TRANSPORT OFFICER</span>.
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">CAPTAIN R. MACFARLANE, M.C. KILLED IN ACTION</span>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<a id="img125" name="img125"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img125.jpg" width="400" height="200" alt="Arabs Bargaining On The Tigris Banks" title="Arabs Bargaining On The Tigris Banks">
+</div>
+
+<a id="img126" name="img126"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img126.jpg" width="400" height="264" alt="Arabs Bargaining On The Tigris Banks" title="Arabs Bargaining On The Tigris Banks">
+</div>
+
+<a id="img127" name="img127"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img127.jpg" width="400" height="229" alt="Arabs Bargaining On The Tigris Banks" title="Arabs Bargaining On The Tigris Banks">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">ARABS BARGAINING ON THE TIGRIS BANKS WITH TROOPS GOING
+UP RIVER</span>.<br> A brisk trade is done in eggs and fowls.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>For <span class="pagenum"><a id="page065" name="page065"></a>(p. 065)</span> to how many during the past two years has not flashed the
+dream of the capture of this city, Dar-al-Salam, the City of Security?
+And of those who have seen the vision, how many have wondered from
+which gate the dream has issued, and how many have been filled with
+confidence? For that vision has drawn many thousands from Basrah and
+Amarah&mdash;many who are now here in the hour of victory, many who now lie
+where they fell on the field of battle, and many who are still
+prisoners and captives.</p>
+
+<p>A few days ago, as the columns of the Army of Mesopotamia were
+hurrying past the great Arch of Ctesiphon, it was impossible not to
+think of the &mdash;&mdash; Division arriving there some eighteen months
+earlier&mdash;that gallant &mdash;&mdash; Division, war-worn and depleted in numbers
+but ever victorious, who found at Ctesiphon, in the hour of their last
+and most glorious victory, the beginning of their undoing and tragic
+end.</p>
+
+<p>What dream was it of a captured city, of a City of Security, that
+lured them to their doom, and who was the first dreamer? And who next
+saw the second dream of fresh battalions and a new organisation that
+would lead without fail to Baghdad, and had the gift to know that this
+dream, unlike the other, had passed through the gate of horn?</p>
+
+<p>So I mused but a week ago in the palm groves that had been ringing
+that very morning with rifle-shots, but seemed so quiet and peaceful
+in the evening light that I felt all the rush of the past pursuit was
+over, that our efforts had not only been crowned with success, but
+that a period of rest would now be given to man and beast. For the
+pursuit had been much more than merely <span class="pagenum"><a id="page066" name="page066"></a>(p. 066)</span> a hot and dusty march
+of 120 miles from San-i-yat to Baghdad.</p>
+
+<p>All through January and February the Army Commander had been preparing
+the way by a series of small victories which gradually drove the
+Turks, holding the right bank of the Tigris, across the Shatt-al-Hai,
+and a dozen miles above Kut. Then came the combined master-stroke on
+February 22 and 23. First, on the 22nd, came the successful attack on
+the San-i-yat trenches&mdash;the position that had held us at bay for a
+twelve month&mdash;the position that had finally checked our troops,
+struggling most bravely, but struggling in vain, for the relief of
+their comrades in Kut. This success drew several Turkish battalions to
+the help of the San-i-yat garrison, and so weakened the Turkish line
+elsewhere. And then at dawn, on the 23rd, came the crossing of the
+Tigris five miles above the Shatt-al-Hai&mdash;a crossing that will remain
+famous in history&mdash;when the bravery of the troops will not make one
+forget the careful preparation of the Commander and his skill in
+making success possible, by causing the Turk to mass his troops both
+above and below the actual point selected for crossing.</p>
+
+<p>This well-timed and brilliantly executed stroke had sent the Turk
+flying; but though in the two months' fighting he had lost over 8,000
+in prisoners and more than that number in killed and wounded, he was
+still able to fight a series of stubborn rearguard actions before the
+road was free to Baghdad. It was dawn on the 11th of March before the
+Highlanders, who were leading, reached the city, and an order to rest
+and be thankful had been welcome to troops more used to trench warfare
+than constant rapid marching in the open.</p>
+
+<a id="img128" name="img128"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img128.jpg" width="400" height="194" alt="Ezra's Tomb" title="Ezra's Tomb">
+</div>
+
+<a id="img129" name="img129"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img129.jpg" width="300" height="391" alt="Ezra's Tomb" title="Ezra's Tomb">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">EZRA'S TOMB</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img130" name="img130"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img130.jpg" width="400" height="196" alt="An Arab Village" title="An Arab Village">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">AN ARAB VILLAGE</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img131" name="img131"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img131.jpg" width="400" height="252" alt="Fishing By Net On The Tigris" title="Fishing By Net On The Tigris">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">FISHING BY NET ON THE TIGRIS</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img132" name="img132"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img132.jpg" width="400" height="177" alt="Arabs Selling Produce" title="Arabs Selling Produce">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">ARABS SELLING PRODUCE ON THE BANKS OF THE RIVER</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img133" name="img133"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img133.jpg" width="400" height="253" alt="On The Banks Of The Tigris" title="On The Banks Of The Tigris">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">ON THE BANKS OF THE TIGRIS</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>But <span class="pagenum"><a id="page067" name="page067"></a>(p. 067)</span> when airmen brought intelligence that the enemy was
+holding an entrenched position some twenty miles north of the city, it
+was obvious that some of us must move up-river and drive him back.</p>
+
+<p>It was once remarked by an American officer, who had served throughout
+the Civil War, that he knew that every soldier in the army was always
+longing to be in the next battle. He knew this because it was so said
+by every general and so written by every newspaper editor. And yet,
+although he had served in several regiments during the war, he had
+always found that that particular itch was more lively in neighbouring
+units than in his own.</p>
+
+<p>So when orders arrived on the 13th of March for our Division to
+advance that night, our friends from other divisions congratulated us
+with what seemed almost undue heartiness on our good fortune in being
+selected, and the estimate of the numbers of the opposing Turks rose
+rapidly from five thousand to fifteen thousand. However, the estimated
+number finally settled down to about half that, with thirty guns, and
+these figures were subsequently substantiated by captured prisoners.</p>
+
+<p>These orders put an end to the peaceful enjoyment of the palm grove,
+and preparations were hurried forward. Blankets and waterproof sheets
+were all stacked, men and officers all carried their own great coats
+and rations for the next day, water-bottles were filled that
+afternoon, and enough water was carried on mules to refill them once
+the next day, and no more given to man or animal till the morning of
+the 15th. This should be borne in mind when judging of the
+difficulties overcome by the troops in this action, for the shade
+temperature on the 14th was about 80°, and there was no shade.</p>
+
+<p>The <span class="pagenum"><a id="page068" name="page068"></a>(p. 068)</span> Turk certainly had judged it impossible for us to advance
+so far from the river, for we learned later that he had laid out the
+trace of most of his trenches between the river and the railway; but
+our main attack was delivered west of the railway, a success there
+forcing the withdrawal of the whole of his line.</p>
+
+<p>Save for several severe dust-storms the whole pursuit had been blessed
+with fine weather, and it was on a beautiful starlit night that our
+Division formed up along the railway for the march towards Mushaidie,
+a station some twenty miles north of Baghdad on the direct road to
+Berlin.</p>
+
+<p>Night marches, the text-book says, may be made for several reasons,
+but it does not suggest that one of these ever could be for pleasure.
+Constant and unexpected checks break the swing that counts so much for
+comfort on a long march; hurrying on to make up for lost ground,
+stumbling in rough places, belated units pushing past to the front,
+whispered but heated arguments with staff officers, all threaten the
+calm of a peaceful evening and also that of a well-balanced mind. Many
+a soldier sadly misses his pipe, which, of course, may not be lit on a
+night march; but to me a greater loss is the silence of those other
+pipes, for the sound of the bagpipes will stir up a thousand memories
+in a Highland regiment, and nothing helps a column of weary
+foot-soldiers so well as pipe-music, backed by the beat of drum. This
+march was neither better nor worse than its fellows, and we had
+covered some fourteen miles before we halted at dawn. Then we lay
+down, gnawed a biscuit, tasted the precious water in our bottles, and
+waited for what news airmen would bring of the enemy.</p>
+
+<a id="img134" name="img134"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img134.jpg" width="600" height="438" alt="The Course Of The Baghdad Railway" title="The Course Of The Baghdad Railway">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE COURSE OF THE BAGHDAD RAILWAY</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="figcenter">
+<a id="img135" name="img135"></a>
+<img src="images/img135.jpg" width="200" height="405" alt="Different Types In Mesopotamia" title="Different Types In Mesopotamia">
+
+<a id="img136" name="img136"></a>
+<img src="images/img136.jpg" width="250" height="392" alt="Different Types In Mesopotamia" title="Different Types In Mesopotamia">
+
+<a id="img137" name="img137"></a>
+<img src="images/img137.jpg" width="200" height="405" alt="Different Types In Mesopotamia" title="Different Types In Mesopotamia">
+</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">DIFFERENT TYPES IN MESOPOTAMIA</span>.</p>
+
+<p>The <span class="pagenum"><a id="page069" name="page069"></a>(p. 069)</span> day is not wasted on which one has seen the sun
+rise&mdash;perhaps some of us changed the old saying, and felt the day
+would be well spent for him who saw the sun set,&mdash;for in war, however
+sure the victory, so also is the toll of killed and wounded, and the
+attack of an enemy entrenched in this country, as bare and open as the
+African veld, is done readily, gladly, but not without losses; and the
+time one thinks of these is not in the charge, not in the advance, but
+in the empty period of waiting beforehand. The needle pricks before,
+not during, the race. "Remember only the happy hours," and if the most
+glorious hour in life is the hour of victory in battle, so are the
+hours preceding battle among the most depressing. I confess, as we sat
+there idle in the chill dawn, my mind was filled not only with the
+hope of victory and captured trenches, but with memories of past
+scenes in France and Mesopotamia, and of a strip of ground the evening
+after Magersfontein, each battlefield dotted with little groups of men
+lying rigid, each marked with lines of motionless forms.</p>
+
+<p>Action quickly dispels such thoughts, and we all welcomed the definite
+news that was at last brought of the enemy, and our orders for a
+farther advance. One brigade was immediately sent forward on the east
+side of the railway in order to press back the advanced parties of the
+enemy on their main position, some six miles north of our present
+halting place. A brave sight it is to see a brigade deploying for
+action. Even though the scarlet doublet has given place to the khaki
+jacket, though no pipes sound and no colours are unfurled, the spirit
+still remains; the spirit that in old days led the British line to
+victory still fills these little columns scattered at wide intervals
+over the plain, these <span class="pagenum"><a id="page070" name="page070"></a>(p. 070)</span> little columns of Englishmen,
+Highlanders, Indians, and Gurkhas. The brigade pushed forward for a
+mile or two without opposition, then little puffs of white smoke
+bursting in the air showed that the Turk had opened the battle with
+salvoes of shrapnel; the little columns quickly spread out into thin
+lines, and our batteries trotted forward and were soon themselves
+engaged in action. So far the scene had been clear in every detail,
+but now as the day advanced, the dust from advancing batteries, the
+smoke and mirage, formed a fog of war that telephones and signallers
+could only in part dispel.</p>
+
+<p>The mirage in Mesopotamia does not so much hide as distort the truth.
+The enemy are seldom altogether hidden from view, the trouble is
+rather to tell whether one is observing a cavalry patrol or an
+infantry regiment, or if the object moving forward is not in reality a
+sandhill or a bunch of reeds. The mirage here has certainly a strange
+power of apparently raising objects above the ground-level. I remember
+well from a camp near Falahiyah the Sinn Banks, which are perhaps
+thirty feet above the plain, were quite invisible in the clear morning
+air, but about noon they were easy to distinguish as a cloudy wall
+swaying to and fro in the distant haze. Nor shall I forget the
+instance of an officer who once assured me he had observed five Arab
+horsemen within a mile of our column: we rode forward, and soon the
+five shadowy horsemen gave place to five black crows hopping about by
+the edge of the Suwaicha marsh. But the most curious illusion I have
+seen in this way was looking towards the Pusht-i-Kuh hills across the
+marsh from San-i-yat. The foothills, some thirty miles distant, had
+sometimes the appearance of ending <span class="pagenum"><a id="page071" name="page071"></a>(p. 071)</span> in abrupt white cliffs
+such as one sees at Dover. The cause of this was a great number of
+dead fish which had been stranded as the marsh receded, and their
+white bellies, a mile away, gave the appearance of white cliffs to the
+base of the Persian hills, which in reality slope very gradually down
+to the level of the Tigris valley.</p>
+
+<a id="img138" name="img138"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img138.jpg" width="500" height="295" alt="Arab Girl Labourers" title="Arab Girl Labourers">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">ARAB GIRL LABOURERS</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<table  border="0" cellpadding="0" summary="Illustrations">
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img139" name="img139"></a>
+<img src="images/img139.jpg" width="247" height="375" alt="The Barber" title="The Barber">
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img140" name="img140"></a>
+<img src="images/img140.jpg" width="250" height="375" alt="Washing Clothes" title="Washing Clothes">
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">THE BARBER</span>.
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">WASHING CLOTHES</span>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>So in Mesopotamian battles, little can be trusted that is seen, and to
+gain information of the enemy commanders are bound to rely on reports
+by aeroplane, messengers, and telephones.</p>
+
+<p>The battle now before us was to be fought over ground typical of the
+Tigris valley and the desert into which it merges. There are no hills,
+trees, or any distinguishing features, but the strip nearest the
+river, varying from one to several miles in breadth, is cultivated and
+intersected with irrigation channels, some six feet, some six inches,
+in width and depth. These are invaluable as cover to troops on the
+defensive, and almost impassable to transport carts. It was here the
+enemy had expected us, and was holding numerous trenches between the
+river and the railway; but our commanders wisely waited till their
+information was complete, and then decided to make our main attack on
+the enemy's extreme right, some six miles from the river. The ground
+in this part is a wide open desert, bare and level except for a few
+low sandhills; but in the dips and hollows below the sandhills the
+khaki-coloured desert changes into a thick growth of fresh green
+grass, dotted with countless daisies and dandelions, and a little
+white flower resembling alyssum giving a sweet smell to all the
+countryside. Some five miles beyond our halting-place a definite ridge
+runs east and west across the railway, and ends in <span class="pagenum"><a id="page072" name="page072"></a>(p. 072)</span> a low
+sugar-loaf hill about forty feet high. This ridge was reported to be
+entrenched and held by the Turk, and this ridge we were ordered to
+attack and capture.</p>
+
+<p>Our first brigade had moved forward on the east side of the railway,
+but had been eventually held up mainly by enfilade artillery fire
+coming from positions stretching nearer to the river than to the
+railway. The whole brigade was now lying stretched out in extended
+order some three thousand yards ahead of us, with the left regiment
+touching the railway embankment. Our brigade had followed for some
+miles in their tracks, but was now ordered to cross to the western
+side of the railway by a small culvert and form up for the main attack
+some three or four miles south of the enemy's position. This was done
+without difficulty, the third brigade of our Division being held in
+support on our left rear.</p>
+
+<p>After the orders and dispositions had been explained to every man,
+magazines were charged, and the Highland regiment deployed into attack
+formation in four lines of half-platoons in file. A battalion of
+Gurkhas was deployed on our left, and the third battalion of the
+brigade was formed up in rear of the Gurkhas. The main attack was thus
+to be delivered on a narrow front of five hundred yards, the
+machine-gun company being held in readiness to support the assaulting
+battalions as occasion offered. The first-line transport with the
+reserve ammunition halted near the culvert through which we had
+crossed the railway, but both our reserve ammunition and our Aide Post
+were brought forward as the attack developed.</p>
+
+<a id="img141" name="img141"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img141.jpg" width="400" height="231" alt="Indian Cavalry Watering At Arab Village" title="Indian Cavalry Watering At Arab Village">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">INDIAN CAVALRY WATERING AT ARAB VILLAGE</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img142" name="img142"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img142.jpg" width="400" height="248" alt="Landing Stores At Arab Village" title="Landing Stores At Arab Village">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">LANDING STORES AT ARAB VILLAGE</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img143" name="img143"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img143.jpg" width="400" height="177" alt="The Great Bund Built To Keep Back The Marsh At
+Falahiyah" title="The Great Bund Built To Keep Back The Marsh At
+Falahiyah">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE GREAT BUND BUILT TO KEEP BACK THE MARSH AT
+FALAHIYAH</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img144" name="img144"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img144.jpg" width="400" height="229" alt="The Liquorice Factory, Kut" title="The Liquorice Factory, Kut">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE LIQUORICE FACTORY, KUT</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img145" name="img145"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img145.jpg" width="400" height="163" alt="The River At Kut" title="The River At Kut">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE RIVER AT KUT</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img146" name="img146"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img146.jpg" width="400" height="230" alt="Drawing Water At Kut" title="Drawing Water At Kut">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">DRAWING WATER AT KUT</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img147" name="img147"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img147.jpg" width="400" height="230" alt="View From The Kut Minaret Towards The Hai" title="View From The Kut Minaret Towards The Hai">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">VIEW FROM THE KUT MINARET TOWARDS THE HAI</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img148" name="img148"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img148.jpg" width="400" height="164" alt="Kut" title="Kut">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">KUT</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img149" name="img149"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img149.jpg" width="400" height="228" alt="Progress Is Being Made At Kut, It Now Has Its
+Municipality" title="Progress Is Being Made At Kut, It Now Has Its
+Municipality">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">PROGRESS IS BEING MADE AT KUT, IT NOW HAS ITS
+MUNICIPALITY</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<table  border="0" cellpadding="0" summary="Illustrations">
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img150" name="img150"></a>
+<img src="images/img150.jpg" width="201" height="350" alt="Townshend's Trenches, Kut" title="Townshend's Trenches, Kut">
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img151" name="img151"></a>
+<img src="images/img151.jpg" width="199" height="350" alt="Looking Towards Kut" title="Looking Towards Kut">
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img152" name="img152"></a>
+<img src="images/img152.jpg" width="203" height="350" alt="The Kut Minaret" title="The Kut Minaret">
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">TOWNSHEND'S TRENCHES, KUT</span>.
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">LOOKING TOWARDS KUT</span>.
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">THE KUT MINARET</span>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>At 3-30 p.m. we advanced, and soon had passed the two field batteries
+covering our front, and reached, without <span class="pagenum"><a id="page073" name="page073"></a>(p. 073)</span> opposition, the
+lines of the first brigade extended on the east side of the railway.
+About four o'clock our patrols reported that the enemy was holding not
+only the main ridge that joins Sugar Loaf Hill with the railway
+embankment, but also a broken line of low sandhills a few hundred
+yards in front of the main position. At the same time some shrapnel
+burst over our leading platoons, and a party of Turks, directly on our
+left, opened long-range rifle fire. The battalion halted under cover
+of some sandhills, the final orders were issued, and half a company
+and two machine-guns were sent to clear the enemy firing from our left
+flank.</p>
+
+<p>Happily the latter retired at once when fired on, and the battalion
+advanced in perfect order, the small columns extending into line as
+the enemy's rifle fire grew more and more severe. The Turkish
+batteries now kept up a regular fire of both shrapnel and
+high-explosive shell, but these detonated badly, and our losses on
+this account were small. A <i>rafale</i> of shrapnel will of course destroy
+any infantry moving in the open, but intermittent shelling, although
+it appears to be terribly destructive, will not stop resolute troops
+determined to press forward. But the farther we advanced the more
+evident it became that Sugar Loaf Hill was the key of the position. It
+stood seven or eight hundred yards west of the railway, and the
+enemy's riflemen from the entrenchments on top brought a deadly
+enfilade fire to bear on our advancing lines. The Gurkhas moving in
+echelon on our left escaped this, but to meet it and to dominate the
+enemy's fire, the Highlanders were compelled to extend to the left,
+their supporting platoons being used to fill up the gap. Two
+machine-gun sections also pressed gallantly forward, and in spite of
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page074" name="page074"></a>(p. 074)</span> continual and heavy losses from now onwards, did much to help
+us to gain superiority of fire over the enemy.</p>
+
+<p>The battle was now divided into two parts. On our left the Turks had
+been forced to retire from their advanced positions, but on the right
+they still held some trenches among the broken ground near the
+railway, two hundred yards in advance of the main position on the
+ridge; but on the right our losses had not been so severe, nor was our
+line so extended.</p>
+
+<p>On the left the Turk occupied no advanced positions, but he outflanked
+our line, and the enfilade fire from his commanding positions was
+causing such losses that it seemed impossible for our men to continue
+the advance without strong artillery support. Unfortunately this was
+not forthcoming at the time, because our covering batteries had found
+they were at extreme range, and were now in the act of moving to a
+more forward position. If an attacking line wavers and halts within
+close range of an enemy entrenched, that attack is <i>done</i> until
+supports come up and give it again an impetus forward. But there were
+now few supports available, and the moment most critical.</p>
+
+<p>Yet all along our front small sections of Highlanders still continued
+to rise up, make a rush forward, and fling themselves down, weaker
+perhaps by two or three of their number, but another thirty yards
+nearer the enemy. Now the last supports pressed into the firing line,
+and as one leader fell, another took his place. One platoon changed
+commanders six times in as many minutes, but a lance-corporal led the
+remaining men with the same dash and judgment as his seniors.</p>
+
+<table  border="0" cellpadding="0" summary="Illustrations">
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img153" name="img153"></a>
+<img src="images/img153.jpg" width="250" height="435" alt="The Assistant Adjutant" title="The Assistant Adjutant">
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img154" name="img154"></a>
+<img src="images/img154.jpg" width="250" height="431" alt="Captain W. A. Young" title="Captain W. A. Young">
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">THE ASSISTANT ADJUTANT</span>.
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">CAPTAIN W. A. YOUNG,<br> COMMANDING No. 2 COMPANY</span>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<a id="img155" name="img155"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img155.jpg" width="300" height="513" alt="The Money Changer" title="The Money Changer">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE MONEY CHANGER</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>It <span class="pagenum"><a id="page075" name="page075"></a>(p. 075)</span> was at this time our Lewis gun teams lost so heavily. The
+weight of the gun and the extra ammunition carried renders their
+movements slower than that of their comrades, and consequently the
+teams offer a better target as well as one specially sought for by the
+enemy. The officer in charge, Lieut. Gillespie, had brought up two of
+our guns in the endeavour to subdue the fire from Sugar Loaf Hill, but
+at the very moment of giving the range his left arm was shattered. He
+had been light-weight champion of India, and as he now continued
+fighting, I could not but compare him to his famous predecessor in the
+Ring, who carried on the fight with one arm broken. I know those
+brave, brown eyes of his never flinched in pain, nor wavered in doubt,
+as he made his way back, not to the Aide Post, but in order to bring
+forward two more guns for the same purpose. But, alas! while directing
+their fire he was seen by some Turkish riflemen and fell, never again
+to rise, his breast pierced by two bullets.</p>
+
+<p>A number of staff and artillery officers witnessed this attack by a
+Highland regiment. Some were chiefly impressed by so much individual
+gallantry, others at the example of what can be achieved by collective
+determination. Was it the result of hard and constant training,
+perfect discipline, or <i>esprit de corps</i> that at this moment of trial
+made these thin extended lines work as if by clockwork to their own
+saving and the victory of our arms?</p>
+
+<p>It was during this advance of five hundred yards that the regiment met
+with its heaviest losses. With four officers and half his men killed
+or wounded, and an enemy machine-gun pouring a continuous stream of
+bullets on to the remainder, the situation is not a happy one
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page076" name="page076"></a>(p. 076)</span> for a company sergeant-major, and this was the situation
+which the young Sergeant-Major Ben Houston of our left company had now
+to face. He turned round, as so often in battle one does turn round,
+hoping to see supports pushing forward, and a bullet seared an ugly
+line across both shoulders. Without waiting, he led his men on, and
+another bullet struck his bayonet; fragments cut his face and made his
+eye swell, so that he could not see out of it. Yet when I met him at
+midnight after the last charge, he told me much of the battle and
+nothing of his wounds. High praise is due to those who, although
+weakened by wounds, continue fighting and undertaking fresh
+responsibilities.</p>
+
+<p>The company next on the left fared little better, but these two
+companies forced the enemy back, and occupied the low sandhills some
+two hundred yards in advance of his main position, and there waited,
+by order, before making the final assault. The left company lost two
+signallers killed, and the next company had four signallers all
+wounded in the act of calling for more ammunition. Ammunition was
+brought up, but, though many brave men fell and many brave deeds were
+done, nothing was carried out with greater bravery, nothing
+contributed more to our success, than the maintenance of communication
+throughout the battle.</p>
+
+<a id="img156" name="img156"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img156.jpg" width="400" height="159" alt="No. 1 Company Prepares For Inter-company Cross-country
+Run" title="No. 1 Company Prepares For Inter-company Cross-country
+Run">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">NO. 1 COMPANY PREPARES FOR INTER-COMPANY CROSS-COUNTRY
+RUN</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img157" name="img157"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img157.jpg" width="400" height="231" alt="Highland Games On The Tigris Front" title="Highland Games On The Tigris Front">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">HIGHLAND GAMES ON THE TIGRIS FRONT</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img158" name="img158"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img158.jpg" width="400" height="228" alt="The Last Meal In Camp" title="The Last Meal In Camp">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE LAST MEAL IN CAMP</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img159" name="img159"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img159.jpg" width="400" height="213" alt="The Men's Field Kitchen" title="The Men's Field Kitchen">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE MEN'S FIELD KITCHEN.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img160" name="img160"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img160.jpg" width="400" height="252" alt="Staff Of Officers' Mess At San-I-Yat" title="Staff Of Officers' Mess At San-I-Yat">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">STAFF OF OFFICERS' MESS AT SAN-I-YAT</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img161" name="img161"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img161.jpg" width="400" height="214" alt="Loading Up The Kits" title="Loading Up The Kits">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">LOADING UP THE KITS</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The left half battalion, reduced to less than half of its original
+numbers, was in need of help. This help it now gained from the action
+of the companies on the right. Undismayed by the enemy shell and rifle
+fire, these two companies, gallantly assisted by the Indian battalion
+on the east side of the railway, pressed forward, and at five o'clock
+charged the enemy, and drove him out of his advanced trenches at the
+point of the bayonet. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page077" name="page077"></a>(p. 077)</span> The very quickness of the
+man&oelig;uvre had ensured its success, though it was only achieved with
+considerable loss to ourselves as well as to the Turk. But the gain
+was great. Small parties of Highlanders now crept forward among the
+sand-dunes, two Lewis guns were taken to the east side of the railway
+embankment, and a hot enfilade fire was brought to bear on the enemy
+main position. So effective was this that the Turks were forced to
+evacuate the ridge for some 400 yards nearest the railway, and even
+from Sugar Loaf Hill his fire weakened, and the relief to our left
+half battalion and to the Gurkhas was correspondingly great. Streams
+of wounded Turks were also seen passing from the ridge to the rear: it
+was not only the British who suffered losses on the 14th of March.</p>
+
+<p>The situation was now greatly in our favour, and it only wanted a
+final charge to complete the success. But this assault could not be
+made without either artillery support or the arrival of fresh troops
+to fill up our depleted and extended ranks. Our Colonel, therefore,
+ordered all companies to wait in the positions they had gained, but to
+be ready to charge immediately after the batteries had bombarded the
+enemy trenches. Consequently, during the next hour both sides remained
+on the defensive.</p>
+
+<p>Little ironies pursue us through life; in battle Death sometimes comes
+with a touch so swift and so ironical that we are made to fear God
+truly.</p>
+
+<p>Englishmen have learned now the meaning of the saying, dear to the
+French soldier, "de ne pas s'en faire," and in the lull of battle
+before the bombardment, Sergeant Strachan and Cleek Smith talked of
+old times. There had been nine Strachans in the regiment when we
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page078" name="page078"></a>(p. 078)</span> landed in France two and a half years ago, one of whom was
+then my orderly. "Any news this morning?" I would sometimes
+ask.&mdash;"Nothing much, sir, only another of the Strachans was killed
+last night." My orderly had become a sergeant, but the other eight
+were no longer with the battalion. They had all left, "on command."
+"Yes," said Cleek Smith, "I wonder why it is so many poor chaps get it
+the minute they join the regiment, while fellows like you and me go
+through one show after another and never get a scratch." Scarce a
+bullet was fired during that half-hour, yet as a full stop to his
+question came one that found a way to that gallant heart, which had
+never failed him in the most critical fight, nor on the most dangerous
+duty when out scouting. Cleek Smith, you know the answer now to an
+even greater Riddle than the one you put to the last of the Strachans.
+No man liveth unto himself, and whoever dies in battle, dies for his
+regiment, his country, and the cause.</p>
+
+<p>The telephone plays an important part in open warfare, as it does in
+the trenches, and though the Brigade Signalling Officer and many of
+his men were killed, intermittent communication was kept up throughout
+the battle between the battalion, the covering batteries, and the
+Brigade Commander. The value of this was now extreme. By telephone our
+Colonel communicated his intentions to the firing line, and thus
+prevented those sporadic attacks by independent platoons, at once so
+gallant, so ineffective, and so deadly in losses. By telephone he
+explained the situation to the Brigadier, who ordered up half a
+battalion of another Highland regiment, old friends of ours, but never
+more wanted than now, and by telephone he arranged that the
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page079" name="page079"></a>(p. 079)</span> batteries should bombard as heavily as possible the trenches
+on the right of Sugar Loaf Hill, the bombardment to begin at 6.25 and
+to last for six minutes.</p>
+
+<a id="img162" name="img162"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img162.jpg" width="300" height="405" alt="Sergeant-Major I. E. Niven" title="Sergeant-Major I. E. Niven">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">SERGEANT-MAJOR I. E. NIVEN</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img163" name="img163"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img163.jpg" width="500" height="291" alt="Interior Of A Hospital Ward In Mesopotamia" title="Interior Of A Hospital Ward In Mesopotamia">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">INTERIOR OF A HOSPITAL WARD IN MESOPOTAMIA</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>During this hour rifle fire grew less and less, artillery firing
+ceased. High above the battlefield some crested larks were singing,
+even as they sing on a quiet evening over the trenches in France, as
+they sing over the fields at home. A few green and bronze bee-eaters
+hovered almost like hawks over the sand-dunes, and a cloud of
+sandgrouse were swinging and swerving across the open ground that
+divided Highlander from Turk. The wind had died quite away, and a
+scent of alyssum filled the air. There was no movement among the
+troops, there was none even among the slender wild grasses of the
+plain. The sun, that had been blazing all through the day, now hung
+low in the western sky. The sound of battle was dying, even as the day
+was dying. "The world was like a nun, breathless in adoration." And we
+soldiers, absorbed in this remote corner of the world war, intent on
+the hour immediately before us, lay there breathless in expectancy.
+Suddenly our 18-pounders opened gun fire. With rare precision shrapnel
+burst all along the enemy trenches, and at 6-30, as the shelling
+slackened in intensity, the Highlanders rose as one man, their
+bayonets gleaming in the setting sun, and, with the Gurkhas on their
+left, rushed across the open. There was little work for the bayonet.
+The Turk fled as our men closed, and the position so long and hardly
+fought for was won.</p>
+
+<p>The Highlanders had gained their objective, but had lost heavily in
+officers and men. The remainder were exhausted by the labours of the
+past twenty-four hours and by lack of water; but when orders came to
+push <span class="pagenum"><a id="page080" name="page080"></a>(p. 080)</span> forward and capture Mushaidie railway station there was
+no feeling of doubt or hesitation. Some time was spent in
+re-organisation, in bringing up and distributing reserve ammunition;
+the two left companies were amalgamated, and an officer detailed to
+act with the right wing of the Gurkhas, since that battalion, though
+it had not suffered such heavy losses in men, had only two officers
+left unwounded. The two companies of the supporting Highland battalion
+now arrived and were detailed as a reserve to our attacking line. The
+third regiment of our brigade had been operating far out on the left
+flank, and were now occupying Sugar Loaf Hill, from which they had
+driven the last remaining Turks, and the Indian regiment on the right
+of the railway, which had fought so well with us throughout the
+battle, received orders to halt for the night.</p>
+
+<p>And thus we advanced alone; but though hungry, thirsty, weary, worn,
+there was full confidence among all ranks, and one resolve united
+all&mdash;the determination to press forward and complete the rout of the
+enemy.</p>
+
+<p>A mile ahead we passed a position, strongly entrenched but luckily
+deserted by the Turks, and it was not for another two miles, when our
+patrols came close to the station, that the enemy was reported in any
+numbers. There the patrols described a scene of considerable
+confusion. A train was shunting, and many Turks rushing about and
+shouting orders. Our patrols were working half a mile ahead of the
+regiment, so in spite of every effort it was half an hour later before
+we filed silently past the station, formed up once again for the
+attack, and charged with the bayonet. The enemy fired a few shots, one
+of our men and a few Turks were killed and a few more made prisoners;
+but the rest fled and <span class="pagenum"><a id="page081" name="page081"></a>(p. 081)</span> disappeared into the night, leaving
+piles of saddlery, ammunition, and food behind them. But the last
+train had left Mushaidie, and with it vanished our hopes of captured
+guns and prisoners. However, we had achieved the task allotted to us,
+and the moment the necessary pickets had been posted the rest of us
+forgot exhaustion, forgot victory, in the most profound sleep.</p>
+
+<a id="img164" name="img164"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img164.jpg" width="400" height="194" alt="No. 1 Company Early Morning Parade Outside Samarra" title="No. 1 Company Early Morning Parade Outside Samarra">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">NO. 1 COMPANY EARLY MORNING PARADE OUTSIDE SAMARRA</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img165" name="img165"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img165.jpg" width="300" height="402" alt="Trenches At Samarra" title="Trenches At Samarra">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">TRENCHES AT SAMARRA</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img166" name="img166"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img166.jpg" width="400" height="195" alt="Bathing In The Tigris" title="Bathing In The Tigris">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">BATHING IN THE TIGRIS</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img167" name="img167"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img167.jpg" width="500" height="303" alt="The Pioneers Of The Regiment In Summer Kit" title="The Pioneers Of The Regiment In Summer Kit">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE PIONEERS OF THE REGIMENT IN SUMMER KIT</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img168" name="img168"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img168.jpg" width="500" height="306" alt="Samarra" title="Samarra">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">SAMARRA</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>We had achieved our task, and, as the corps commander wrote, we had
+made the 14th of March a red-letter day for all time in the history of
+the Regiment. I have told the story of these thirty hours of
+continuous marching and fighting from the point of view of a
+regimental officer. This is in battle, some say always, very limited
+in outlook. But certain things are shown clear. Waste of energy brings
+waste of life and victory thrown away. A regimental leader has, with
+his many other burdens, to endure the intolerable toil of taking
+thought, and of transmitting thought without pause into action. And
+those who work with him are not mere figures, not only items of a
+unit, but are intimate friends whose lives he must devote himself to
+preserve, whose lives he must be ready to sacrifice as freely as his
+own. It is well that we neither know nor decide the issues of life and
+death. There is, I think, a second meaning in the oft-quoted line of
+Lucretius, <i>Nec bene promeritis capitur, nec tangitur ira</i>. Our
+prayers are not attended to perhaps because of their very foolishness.
+I believe when we congratulate ourselves after a battle that we and
+our friends are still in the land of the living, that in some
+mysterious way there may be a counterpart on the other side of the
+veil&mdash;that there may be welcome and rejoicing also on behalf of those
+who have passed through the portals of death. Although <span class="pagenum"><a id="page082" name="page082"></a>(p. 082)</span> every
+mother's son of us must experience a feeling of dread in stepping
+alone into the night that no man knows, must be filled with sorrow and
+move with a heavy heart when his comrades and those filled with the
+glory of youth and promise depart, still we can, all of us, also feel
+thankful for the loan of their help and strength. Two years of war,
+two years of living constantly in the presence of death, has brought
+to me, as it has brought to many, the assurance that it is well
+equally with those who remain here as it surely is with those who pass
+away. And we have no other answer to the last question ever asked by
+Cleek Smith. "It is only after the sun hath set that the owls of
+Athenae wing their flight." The following day the battalion remained
+at Mushaidie; a dust storm was blowing and many reports came in of the
+enemy returning to make a counter-attack. But his defeat had been too
+severe and he made no real resistance again till we encountered him a
+month or so later some 30 miles further north near Istabulat.
+Meanwhile our brigade received orders to concentrate on the Tigris at
+the Babi Bend, some six miles east of Mushaidie. A pleasant week of
+comparative rest was spent there and then, there being no signs of the
+enemy, we were withdrawn to our old camping ground in the palm groves,
+that line the river bank between Kazimain and the City of Baghdad. The
+re-organisation of our platoons after the recent losses was completed,
+and fresh equipment and clothing issued. Two companies were split up
+on outpost duty, but even so time was found for military training and
+for some visits to the City, an equal pleasure to officers and men.
+The Colonel was sent for to Army Headquarters, and General Maude
+was <span class="pagenum"><a id="page083" name="page083"></a>(p. 083)</span> most complimentary to the Regiment for their great
+fight.</p>
+
+<a id="img169" name="img169"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img169.jpg" width="400" height="201" alt="Tent Pitching" title="Tent Pitching">
+</div>
+
+<a id="img170" name="img170"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img170.jpg" width="400" height="230" alt="Tent Pitching" title="Tent Pitching">
+</div>
+
+<a id="img171" name="img171"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img171.jpg" width="400" height="193" alt="Tent Pitching" title="Tent Pitching">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">TENT PITCHING</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="figcenter">
+<a id="img172" name="img172"></a>
+<img src="images/img172.jpg" width="200" height="346" alt="The Cultivation Of The Date Palm At Basrah" title="The Cultivation Of The Date Palm At Basrah">
+
+<a id="img173" name="img173"></a>
+<img src="images/img173.jpg" width="200" height="348" alt="The Cultivation Of The Date Palm At Basrah" title="The Cultivation Of The Date Palm At Basrah">
+
+<a id="img174" name="img174"></a>
+<img src="images/img174.jpg" width="200" height="344" alt="The Cultivation Of The Date Palm At Basrah" title="The Cultivation Of The Date Palm At Basrah">
+</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE CULTIVATION OF THE DATE PALM AT BASRAH</span>.</p>
+
+<p>In April the division moved forward, and the brigade again marched
+past the Babi Bend, northward of Mushaidie to Beled Station, where we
+had a few days' halt and some of us shot a number of sandgrouse.
+Thence we pressed on till we overtook the Turks entrenched beyond the
+Median Wall, holding a strong position about Istabulat. From this it
+was necessary to drive them, our objective being the railhead at
+Samarrah.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3>CHAPTER VIII. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page084" name="page084"></a>(p. 084)</span></h3>
+
+<h5>THE BATTLE THAT WON SAMARRAH.</h5>
+
+<p class="center">The following article by Brigadier-General A. G. Wauchope,
+     <span class="smcap">C.M.G., D.S.O.</span>, is here republished with permission:</p>
+
+
+<p class="p2">There stretches, some sixty miles north of Baghdad, from the Tigris to
+the Euphrates, a famous fortified line known to the Greeks as the
+Median Wall. It is skilfully constructed in tiers of mud bricks to a
+height fully thirty feet above the level of the plain, the whole has
+been covered over by a thick layer of earth protecting the bricks
+these many centuries from wind and weather, for the Median Wall is, so
+some say, the oldest building in all the world. It formed certainly
+the outer line of the defences of the Kingdom of Babylon under
+Nebuchadnezzar II, when it ran from Opis on the Tigris to Hit on the
+Euphrates and this line in far earlier times marked the boundary
+between the two ancient peoples of Akkad and Sumer, and was probably
+even then a fortification of first importance.</p>
+
+<p>However that may be, it stands to-day the most prominent landmark in
+all this district of the Tigris valley; though broken, tumbledown
+mounds represent the great wall towards the Euphrates, for many miles
+near the Tigris it stands without a break, with strong projecting
+bastions to give flank defence every forty or <span class="pagenum"><a id="page085" name="page085"></a>(p. 085)</span> fifty yards,
+and at wider intervals the wall rises so as to form some sort of keep
+or watch tower.</p>
+
+<p class="figcenter">
+<a id="img175" name="img175"></a>
+<img src="images/img175.jpg" width="200" height="347" alt="Date Palm Scenes Below Basrah" title="Date Palm Scenes Below Basrah">
+
+<a id="img176" name="img176"></a>
+<img src="images/img176.jpg" width="200" height="349" alt="Date Palm Scenes Below Basrah" title="Date Palm Scenes Below Basrah">
+
+<a id="img177" name="img177"></a>
+<img src="images/img177.jpg" width="200" height="346" alt="Date Palm Scenes Below Basrah" title="Date Palm Scenes Below Basrah">
+</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">DATE PALM SCENES BELOW BASRAH</span>.</p>
+
+<a id="img178" name="img178"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img178.jpg" width="400" height="237" alt="T. Henderson. M.C. G. V. Stewart. C. Ryrie" title="T. Henderson. M.C. G. V. Stewart. C. Ryrie">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">T. HENDERSON. M.C. G. V. STEWART. C. RYRIE</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img179" name="img179"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img179.jpg" width="400" height="231" alt="At Arab Village" title="At Arab Village">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">AT ARAB VILLAGE</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img180" name="img180"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img180.jpg" width="400" height="238" alt="Undepressed" title="Undepressed">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">UNDEPRESSED</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Whoever built the great wall built it for the purposes of war, and no
+building, I venture to say, has ever had so many battles fought within
+its neighbourhood. Every race through every age, Aryan and Turanian,
+Babylonian and Assyrian, Median and Persian, armies from Greece and
+armies from Rome, have, during the past thousands of years,
+slaughtered each other with extraordinary thoroughness below these mud
+bastions; and more recently, but with the same seeming futility, Turk
+has murdered Arab and Arab Turk, the destruction of villages, mosques
+and canals marking, as of old, the soldiers sacrifice to the God of
+War.</p>
+
+<p>Standing this morning on these ancient ramparts, I watch the sun rise
+over this land which, once so rich and fertile, now shows hardly a
+sign of human habitation, this country where not a tree nor a house
+has been allowed for many years to stand, over which the blight of
+misrule has lain as a curse for centuries and I see yet one more army
+going forth to battle; once again columns of armed men sweep forth to
+encounter similar columns, to kill and to capture within sight of the
+Median Wall. And watching these columns of Englishmen and Highlanders,
+of Hindus, Gurkhas and bearded Sikhs advancing to the coming conflict,
+one felt the conviction that this struggle was being fought for the
+sake of principles more lofty, for ends more permanent, for aims less
+fugitive, for issues of higher service to the cause of humanity, than
+those that had animated the innumerable and bloody conflicts of the
+past.</p>
+
+<p>The delta of the Tigris ends a few miles below Samarrah. That is to
+say, whoever holds the district about <span class="pagenum"><a id="page086" name="page086"></a>(p. 086)</span> Samarrah controls the
+waters of the Tigris. For lower down in the Baghdad valaiyet the river
+in its annual flood deposits so much mud on its bed as to raise itself
+in course of centuries, above the level of the plain. Consequently,
+artificial banks about three feet high have been built all along the
+river, and were these to be cut during the flood season, the whole
+surrounding country would be inundated and the spring crops destroyed.
+This renders the districts of Samarrah of great natural importance,
+and the fact that the Germans had completed a railway between Baghdad
+and Samarrah, made it also desirable for the British to hold it.</p>
+
+<p>The country here differs little from the rest of the Tigris valley,
+the same level plain of loam and mud, a strip of two or three miles
+nearest the river highly irrigated, and at this season, green with
+young corn and barley; further afield the bare, brown, featureless
+desert stretching out endlessly in every direction. Dawn and dusk
+transform this shadowless wilderness into a land of the most wonderful
+colour and atmosphere, but throughout the heat of the day the glare
+and dust make it hateful to white men. And even in April, the shade
+temperature runs to 110 degrees Fahrenheit, and where troops march in
+this country without trees there is no shade from the sun, no escape
+from the heat.</p>
+
+<a id="img181" name="img181"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img181.jpg" width="400" height="247" alt="The Arch Of Ctesiphon" title="The Arch Of Ctesiphon">
+</div>
+
+<a id="img182" name="img182"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img182.jpg" width="300" height="480" alt="The Arch Of Ctesiphon" title="The Arch Of Ctesiphon">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE ARCH OF CTESIPHON</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img183" name="img183"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img183.jpg" width="400" height="156" alt="The Regiment Passing The Arch Of Ctesiphon En Route For
+Baghdad, March 1917" title="The Regiment Passing The Arch Of Ctesiphon En Route For
+Baghdad, March 1917">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE REGIMENT PASSING THE ARCH OF CTESIPHON EN ROUTE FOR
+BAGHDAD, MARCH 1917</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<table  border="0" cellpadding="0" summary="Illustrations">
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img184" name="img184"></a>
+<img src="images/img184.jpg" width="200" height="333" alt="Women Drawing Water From The River" title="Women Drawing Water From The River">
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img185" name="img185"></a>
+<img src="images/img185.jpg" width="250" height="162" alt="Gufas'&quot; Or Circular Boats At Baghdad" title="Gufas'&quot; Or Circular Boats At Baghdad">
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img186" name="img186"></a>
+<img src="images/img186.jpg" width="200" height="339" alt="The Entrance To The Mosque Kadhimain" title="The Entrance To The Mosque Kadhimain">
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">WOMEN DRAWING WATER FROM THE RIVER</span>.
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">"GUFAS'" OR CIRCULAR BOATS AT BAGHDAD</span>.
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">THE ENTRANCE TO THE MOSQUE KADHIMAIN</span>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>Besides the Median Wall, there remain two outward and visible signs of
+the older civilisation that flourished in happier times. There are, at
+frequent intervals, low flat mounds composed of old sunbaked bricks
+the sites of ancient cities; so numerous are these that they seem to
+justify the Chaldean proverb, boasting of the prosperity <span class="pagenum"><a id="page087" name="page087"></a>(p. 087)</span>
+of the people, that a cock may spring from house to house without
+lighting on the ground from Babylon to the sea. The other are the
+walls of the canals that served to irrigate the country between the
+two rivers. These canals have for centuries past been dry and useless,
+but their walls, twenty or thirty feet high, and many miles in length,
+remain as the most conspicuous monument of the fallen greatness of
+Mesopotamia. That they will again be put to their original purpose was
+the confident assertion of Sir William Willcocks, and with Turkish
+misrule finally banished from the land, a few years may see these
+canals again filled with water, bringing wealth and plenty to a
+happier generation. But to-day they seem to have but the one use of
+acting as tactical features on the battlefield, as was indeed the case
+in this fight near Istabulat.</p>
+
+<p>For some days before the 31st April, the British had been collecting
+behind the Median Wall, facing the Turkish position which lay some
+three miles to the north of the Wall, and some twelve miles south of
+Samarrah.</p>
+
+<p>A very well selected position it proved, and a very difficult one to
+attack. The Turkish left rested securely on a re-entrant bend of the
+Tigris. Thence the line ran east and west across the Dujail River, and
+continued for a mile along a dry canal, until it met the railway a
+little to the north of Istabulat station. Both the Railway and the
+Dujail run roughly north-west to south-east, but the Tigris towards
+Samarrah bends due west. Consequently the Turks by refusing their
+right were able to rest that flank on the ruins of the ancient city of
+Istabulat. These ruins consisted of some low mounds and the high walls
+of an old canal that <span class="pagenum"><a id="page088" name="page088"></a>(p. 088)</span> had run from the Tigris across the
+present line of the Railway four miles to the north of the station.
+The whole country was absolutely flat and bare, except for the broken
+and uneven walls of the Dujail River and Istabulat Canal.</p>
+
+<p>The so-called Dujail River is a canal that takes off from the right
+bank of the Tigris some four miles north of the Median Wall. It has
+been dug and re-dug, till it now flows below the level of the
+surrounding country, but its walls are fully twenty feet high, and so
+form the one dominant tactical feature of the level Tigris plain in
+this district. A couple of miles south of Istabulat station, the
+Dujail cuts through the Median Wall about a mile to the east of the
+Railway, which runs from Baghdad through the Median Wall, past
+Istabulat, and so on to Samarrah.</p>
+
+<p>By the 18th April, the British were holding that part of the Median
+Wall that runs roughly for a couple of miles eastwards from the Dujail
+River to the River Tigris, other troops, also in rear of the Median
+Wall, continued our line on the west bank of the Dujail, and a third
+body was held in reserve. The open nature of the country, and the
+difficulty of distinguishing the enemy's main position from his
+advanced trenches, made the problem of attack uncommonly difficult,
+and the thorough bombardment of his trenches before assault almost
+impossible.</p>
+
+<p>The key to the position was obviously the high double wall of the
+Dujail River. These walls are a hundred to a hundred and fifty yards
+wide at the top, and being very broken and uneven give some cover to
+skirmishers in attack or defence. An attack along this line is also
+made somewhat easier by a small ridge of sandhills that <span class="pagenum"><a id="page089" name="page089"></a>(p. 089)</span> had
+originally formed the walls of an old canal, which flowed in earlier
+centuries between the Tigris and the Dujail. Photographs taken by our
+airmen showed that the Turks had strengthened their line where it
+crossed the Dujail, by building a strong redoubt on its eastern bank
+some 300 yards long by 150 broad; here too were a number of machine
+gun emplacements and, a little in rear, six or eight gun pits.</p>
+
+<p>On the 18th a Highland Regiment pushed forward a strong patrol along
+the east bank of the Dujail, an Indian Battalion doing the same on the
+west bank, the two patrols working together and giving each other
+mutual support. Both Regiments encountered the Turkish outposts within
+six hundred yards, and after driving them some distance back, the
+patrols were withdrawn at night.</p>
+
+<p>As an attack on the enemy position was decided on, the Battalion
+Commander suggested that a line of strong points should be constructed
+about a mile ahead of our line, that when these had been made good, a
+second line of strong points a further eight hundred yards in advance
+should be constructed, so that by this means the final assault might
+be made from a short distance to the enemy's main position, and also
+by this means artillery officers would be able to locate definitely
+the enemy's main trenches and the guns could be brought up within
+2,000 yards before the Infantry should assault. This idea was adopted.</p>
+
+<p>During the 19th the Highland Regiment, by some fine patrol work, drove
+the enemy advanced troops back with little loss, and during the night
+three strong points were built a mile in advance, two on the east and
+one on the west bank of the Dujail. From these <span class="pagenum"><a id="page090" name="page090"></a>(p. 090)</span> points both
+the Highlanders and the Punjabis skirmished further forward on the
+20th, and the enemy's position was becoming seriously threatened with
+but little loss to ourselves.</p>
+
+<p>One incident in this patrol fighting must not pass unnoted. An
+artillery officer had been sent forward in the morning to observe the
+ground and enemy positions from our strong point on the east bank of
+the Dujail. It was a task of considerable danger, for already several
+of our men had been hit by enemy snipers, and at this moment a wounded
+man was being carried back by the stretcher bearers. The artillery
+officer had crawled a little ahead of the Strong Point in order to
+observe more freely, but his gallantry was ill rewarded by a bullet
+striking him and incapacitating him from coming back, or even escaping
+from his exposed position. Easton had been Sergeant of the Highlanders
+stretcher bearers since his predecessor had been killed when
+recovering wounded, and he himself had won the Distinguished Conduct
+Medal for a fine piece of work in France. Without hesitation Easton
+now ran forward from the strong point and, though the enemy snipers
+were dropping bullets all round, roughly bandaged the officer, picked
+him up on his back, staggered down to the river and got him across
+under the welcome shelter of the other bank, though the stream was
+over six feet deep. For this action Sergeant Easton now wears a bar to
+his Distinguished Conduct Medal.</p>
+
+<p class="figcenter">
+<a id="img187" name="img187"></a>
+<img src="images/img187.jpg" width="200" height="333" alt="Street Scenes In Baghdad" title="Street Scenes In Baghdad">
+
+<a id="img188" name="img188"></a>
+<img src="images/img188.jpg" width="250" height="164" alt="Street Scenes In Baghdad" title="Street Scenes In Baghdad">
+
+<a id="img189" name="img189"></a>
+<img src="images/img189.jpg" width="200" height="332" alt="Street Scenes In Baghdad" title="Street Scenes In Baghdad">
+</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">STREET SCENES IN BAGHDAD</span>.</p>
+
+<a id="img190" name="img190"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img190.jpg" width="400" height="195" alt="British Residency, Baghdad." title="British Residency, Baghdad.">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">BRITISH RESIDENCY, BAGHDAD</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img191" name="img191"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img191.jpg" width="300" height="221" alt="Hotel Maude, Baghdad." title="Hotel Maude, Baghdad.">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">HOTEL MAUDE, BAGHDAD</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img192" name="img192"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img192.jpg" width="250" height="350" alt="The Bridge at Baghdad." title="The Bridge at Baghdad.">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE BRIDGE AT BAGHDAD</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>On the 20th it was definitely decided that the situation demanded an
+immediate advance, and a direct frontal attack was ordered to take
+place at dawn on the following morning. One force were to lead the
+attack at 5 a.m. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page091" name="page091"></a>(p. 091)</span> on the east of the Dujail, the
+Highlanders to advance along the east bank of that canal, and one
+Company of the Punjabis on the west bank. On the right of the
+Highlanders a battalion of Gurkhas were to advance from the right
+strong point with a battalion of Indian Infantry in echelon on their
+right near the Tigris, another battalion being held in reserve. When
+this attack had gained ground a second force was to advance over the
+bare plain on the west of the Dujail, and their right to gain touch
+with the left of the Company of Punjabis on the Dujail bank. The
+objectives of the main attack were the redoubt, and the two bridges
+which crossed the Dujail immediately above it. A third force was held
+back in reserve.</p>
+
+<p>The orders were thus very clear, and the plan simple; the main
+difficulty was to ensure effective artillery co-operation, since to
+come within effective range of the Redoubt our batteries would be
+forced to move forward over very open ground, and counter-battery work
+would be obviously hard to arrange.</p>
+
+<p>The frontage of broken ground open to the Highlanders was but little
+over 150 yards; the Commanding Officer therefore wisely determined to
+attack on a narrow frontage of two platoons rather than expose his men
+on the bare plain, and with the Dujail giving the direction to his
+left, trust to the impetus of eight lines to force the enemy's
+position.</p>
+
+<p>Precisely at 5 a.m., the covering batteries opened fire on the enemy
+outposts, the leading platoons charged forward and, without pausing to
+fire, but advancing by a series of swift rushes drove back the Turkish
+advanced troops about a thousand yards from our strong points. A few
+Turks were bayonetted, a number more <span class="pagenum"><a id="page092" name="page092"></a>(p. 092)</span> shot by the fire of a
+well-placed Lewis gun, but the surprise of the attack and the rapidity
+of its execution saved our men from any severe loss during this first
+advance. But as our leading platoons drew near to the enemy main
+positions, they came under an enfilade fire from the west bank of the
+Dujail, and a number of men had to swing round to the left, and, from
+the crest of the wall, reply to the enemy not two hundred yards
+distant on the opposite bank. The succeeding lines, however, pressed
+forward, section after section rushed on to the help of their
+comrades, every rise and every knoll along the river was held by
+snipers and the battle developed into a fierce contest between
+skirmishers. But it was not of long duration. Shortly after 6 o'clock
+nearly two miles of country had been cleared of the enemy, our men
+were not to be denied, and the leading section of Highlanders made a
+gallant charge and rushed the main redoubt, killing a certain number
+of its defenders and driving out the remainder. The success of the
+attack was greatly due to the rapidity, but its very rapidity had led
+to considerable intervals occurring between the eight lines that had
+originally advanced to the assault. Some platoons had been forced to
+engage the enemy on the opposite bank, others with Lewis guns were
+keeping down the fire of the enemy who were holding several small
+trenches ahead, and a number of men had fallen, never to rise again;
+consequently for the first few minutes there were less than a hundred
+men in the redoubt, and these were subject to a heavy fire from their
+front, and enfilading fire from their left.</p>
+
+<a id="img193" name="img193"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img193.jpg" width="500" height="324" alt="The Quartermaster, Assistant Adjutant, Transport
+Officer, 2nd In Command, And The Colonel Watching The Regimental
+Sports At The Front" title="The Quartermaster, Assistant Adjutant, Transport
+Officer, 2nd In Command, And The Colonel Watching The Regimental
+Sports At The Front">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE QUARTERMASTER, ASSISTANT ADJUTANT, TRANSPORT
+OFFICER, 2ND IN COMMAND, AND THE COLONEL WATCHING THE REGIMENTAL
+SPORTS AT THE FRONT</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img194" name="img194"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img194.jpg" width="300" height="402" alt="Captain T. W. Stewart, Captain W. A. Young And The
+Padre" title="Captain T. W. Stewart, Captain W. A. Young And The
+Padre">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">CAPTAIN T. W. STEWART, CAPTAIN W. A. YOUNG AND THE
+PADRE</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img195" name="img195"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img195.jpg" width="500" height="315" alt="The Mesopotamian Railway" title="The Mesopotamian Railway">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE MESOPOTAMIAN RAILWAY</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Now was the moment when artillery support was most needed. But as
+before explained, this, owing to the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page093" name="page093"></a>(p. 093)</span> nature of the ground,
+had been most difficult to arrange. The batteries posted under cover
+of the Median Wall, soon found themselves, as the enemy retired, at
+extreme range, had been obliged in consequence to advance to new
+positions. This is a matter which takes longer than the actual
+bringing up of the guns; fresh observations must be made by artillery
+officers, new telephone wires must be made, new communications
+established, and correct ranges ascertained of the new targets before
+effective support can be given. This was all being done, but under
+great difficulties, because the enemy had established a strong barrage
+in rear of the assaulting troops. Many of our gunners were hit,
+especially among the telephone operators; consequently, just at this
+critical time, there was little or no artillery support to be had.</p>
+
+<p>Now the Turk is a stubborn fighter. His men on the west bank of the
+Dujail had not yet been driven so far back as those opposing the
+Highlanders, and they now opened a very galling fire from the west
+bank at a range of only two to four hundred yards. The Redoubt had
+been taken at 6-15 a.m. Within ten minutes the Turks on the east bank
+had organised a strong body to make a counter attack, and these headed
+by parties of bombers, rushed the Redoubt, drove the few defenders
+back, and held its front and side faces. But their triumph was short
+lived. It was a proud boast of the Highlanders that of all the miles
+of entrenchments that had at one time or another been entrusted to
+them not one yard had even been surrendered to the enemy; it was their
+stern resolve that no Highlander should lie unavenged, that no man who
+wore the Red Haeckle should give his life in vain. The Redoubt had
+once been <span class="pagenum"><a id="page094" name="page094"></a>(p. 094)</span> theirs, and in its trenches lay the bodies of
+their comrades who had died to hold it. It was the Redoubt they had
+set forth to capture; now more than ever they were determined that not
+a live Turk should dispute possession. The platoons that had
+originally formed the rear waves were now fast coming up, bombs and
+bombers were called for, and an immediate counter-attack organised.
+But the losses were now very heavy. Within a minute, one Captain and
+two Subalterns were killed, two Captains and two Subalterns wounded,
+and a heavy proportion among the rank and file also fell. The smallest
+hesitation, the slightest wavering, and the Turks had made good their
+success. But there was no hesitation and, though only one unwounded
+officer remained, there was no wavering. The bombers dashed forward,
+every available man followed, and within fifteen minutes of its loss,
+the entire Redoubt was recaptured and its forward trenches rapidly
+consolidated. The Highlanders' boast still held true, the Red Haeckle
+was again victorious.</p>
+
+<p>Many were the dead, many the wounded to testify to the gallant deeds
+that led to this success. An Artillery Officer, who witnessed the
+assault, wrote:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"That day the Highlanders without help won a victory that only those
+who saw it can realise was among the most gallant fought in this war."</p>
+
+<table  border="0" cellpadding="0" summary="Illustrations">
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img196" name="img196"></a>
+<img src="images/img196.jpg" width="262" height="350" alt="The Colonel" title="The Colonel">
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<a id="img197" name="img197"></a>
+<img src="images/img197.jpg" width="202" height="350" alt="The Adjutant" title="The Adjutant">
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">THE COLONEL</span>.
+</td>
+<td class="td-center">
+<span class="smcap">THE ADJUTANT</span>.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="figcenter">
+<a id="img198" name="img198"></a>
+<img src="images/img198.jpg" width="200" height="343" alt="The Mosques Of Baghdad" title="The Mosques Of Baghdad">
+
+<a id="img199" name="img199"></a>
+<img src="images/img199.jpg" width="250" height="155" alt="The Mosques Of Baghdad" title="The Mosques Of Baghdad">
+
+<a id="img200" name="img200"></a>
+<img src="images/img200.jpg" width="200" height="335" alt="The Mosques Of Baghdad" title="The Mosques Of Baghdad">
+</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THE MOSQUES OF BAGHDAD</span>.</p>
+
+<p>What is the secret, whence comes this spirit, of the wave of bravery
+that seizes soldiers at these great moments? Many of the very men who
+charged forward had, but ten minutes before, been driven back, many of
+their comrades lay dead beside them, they had lost their accustomed
+leaders, shrapnel and heavy shell were bursting among them, and when
+the cry for <span class="pagenum"><a id="page095" name="page095"></a>(p. 095)</span> bombs and bombers was given, it must have
+seemed to many to be but the prelude to disaster, the vain cry for
+further and useless sacrifice. What is it then that stops the
+individual from hanging back, from letting others lead, from
+justifying himself to himself by continuing to fire in comparative
+safety at longer ranges? Who would detect him? Might he not argue
+plausibly enough, that his covering fire would be of more assistance
+to his comrades than his rushing uselessly forward at their head? The
+secret of it lies in <i>esprit de corps</i>, in the willing surrender by
+the individual of his freedom of action, by the voluntary sacrifice of
+the individual for the good of all. And greater love hath no man than
+this:&mdash;that he giveth his life for his friend.</p>
+
+<p>The gallantry of those who lie dead, whether British, or Indian, or
+Turk cannot be told, but one incident that was witnessed by several is
+worthy of record. The Redoubt measured several hundred yards on its
+front and side faces, and the attackers were few in number. One of
+these, Private Melvin had by some chance so damaged his bayonet that
+he could not fix it on his rifle. Throwing that weapon aside, he
+rushed forward where his comrades were scarce, and the enemy in
+plenty, and encountered a group of Turks single handed. With bayonet
+and fist he brought three to the ground, the remaining six, stunned by
+the violence of his attack, surrendered, and were brought back by this
+brave old soldier in triumph to his Company. For this deed Private
+Melvin was subsequently awarded the Victoria Cross.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<a id="img201" name="img201"></a>
+<img src="images/img201.jpg" width="400" height="228" alt="Samarra" title="Samarra">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">SAMARRA</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img202" name="img202"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img202.jpg" width="250" height="379" alt="Wireless Station, Baghdad" title="Wireless Station, Baghdad">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">WIRELESS STATION, BAGHDAD</span>.<br>
+Destroyed by the Huns.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img203" name="img203"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img203.jpg" width="400" height="126" alt="Samarra Railway Station" title="Samarra Railway Station">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">SAMARRA RAILWAY STATION</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img204" name="img204"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img204.jpg" width="400" height="193" alt="Resting After The Battle Of Istabulat" title="Resting After The Battle Of Istabulat">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">RESTING AFTER THE BATTLE OF ISTABULAT</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img205" name="img205"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img205.jpg" width="400" height="247" alt="No. 4 Company Before Istabulat Under The Median Wall" title="No. 4 Company Before Istabulat Under The Median Wall">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">NO. 4 COMPANY BEFORE ISTABULAT UNDER THE MEDIAN WALL</span>.<br>
+P. Smyth, A. E. Baristow, R. Walker, and G. V. Stewart in Foreground.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img206" name="img206"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img206.jpg" width="400" height="194" alt="Ground Over Which The Regiment Advanced" title="Ground Over Which The Regiment Advanced">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">GROUND OVER WHICH THE REGIMENT ADVANCED TO ATTACK THE
+TURKISH STRONG POINT BENEATH THE +.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Battalion Headquarters now moved up close in rear of the Redoubt, the
+telephonic communication was <span class="pagenum"><a id="page096" name="page096"></a>(p. 096)</span> established with the Brigade,
+and Companies reorganised according to their losses. And fortunate it
+was that this was done with no loss of time. For the Turk had intended
+to hold this line of entrenchments, of which the Redoubt was the key,
+and the main defence of the two bridges, throughout the summer, and he
+was not going to surrender the position without further struggle. Two
+counter-attacks formed up and advanced against the front face of the
+Redoubt, a few Turks got within fifty or a hundred yards of the
+Redoubt, but each attack was broken up by steady rifle fire and Lewis
+gun fire, and our position made more secure. A little nullah ran from
+the Turks' second position to within fifty yards of the Redoubt, and
+up this channel from time to time he sent parties of bombers, but
+these were easily held in check. A group of machine guns from further
+up the Dujail swept the crest of the hard-won parapet, and men less
+experienced in war had suffered more than did those who bore the Red
+Haeckle. But no experience of war could save men from the high
+explosive shell which burst throughout the day among the trenches,
+destroying indiscriminately parapet and defenders. These 5.9 shell the
+Highlanders had known all too well in France, and the number of bursts
+reminded our men rather of a bombardment in the trenches of Flanders
+than the shell fire ordinary to Mesopotamia. And to this bombardment
+the defenders of the Redoubt were subject from time to time throughout
+that long day. It is a constant puzzle, why in this life so many
+things that are at first merely disagreeable are allowed to make so
+great a noise and to continue for so long a time that they become
+almost unbearable. It is a question that often confronts one at a
+comic opera, always <span class="pagenum"><a id="page097" name="page097"></a>(p. 097)</span> in the near neighbourhood of a
+gramophone, but never with such persistent irritation as when
+undergoing a bombardment from high explosive shell. Nothing is more
+trying to the nerves, for and from it there is no escape. This war has
+been defined as a war, not of infantry, nor of artillery, but of
+effective co-operation between the two. The nature of the ground, and
+the skill with which the enemy had chosen his positions had prevented
+this co-operation from being as effective as is usual in our army, and
+this in spite of every effort being made by our Artillery Officers,
+and in spite of many casualties among their batteries. In consequence,
+the enemy's batteries were never silenced, and kept up a heavy fire
+throughout the day, and our losses were heavy. On our right the
+Gurkhas had advanced in gallant style at the same time as the
+Highlanders, and in spite of a stubborn resistance had pushed the
+enemy back along the line of the old canal, and kept up with our
+advance. Then with the sand dunes dipped to the level of the plain and
+the salient bend of the Tigris narrowed their front, the Gurkhas swung
+round to their left in a most soldierly fashion, and, despite, heavy
+losses, joined the Highlanders on the Dujail, and for the rest of the
+day shared the honours and the dangers of the defence of the Redoubt
+and the trenches near it. The Indian Regiment advancing still further
+on the right had met with misfortune, for, on reaching a small rise in
+the ground, their lines had been suddenly swept with machine gun fire
+at a range of three hundred yards. Many men fell within the space of a
+few minutes, and it became necessary to bring up the Reserve Battalion
+to their assistance. Consequently no further advance was possible on
+this flank, nor on the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page098" name="page098"></a>(p. 098)</span> west flank did the situation offer
+any greater promise. The Punjabi Regiment on the immediate left of the
+Highlanders had fought under great difficulties, but with such
+determination that they eventually dug themselves in opposite the
+Redoubt on the west bank of the Dujail, though half their men were
+killed or wounded. On their left again, another Highland Battalion,
+old friends of ours, both in peace and war, had pressed the enemy
+back, and occupied some eight hundred yards of an old irrigation
+channel that ran westward from the Dujail towards the railway. Further
+to the west, this dry channel remained in the hands of the Turks, and
+bombing attacks were carried on throughout the day. Another battalion
+had also suffered considerably from shell fire, and was posted in
+echelon on the left rear.</p>
+
+<p>It was evident that without a renewed bombardment and strong
+reinforcements, no further advance was possible on either side. We had
+advanced a couple of miles, driven the enemy from his strongest
+positions, and gained our immediate objectives. It was evident, that
+to the day following must be left the final advance and capture of
+Samarrah.</p>
+
+<p>This account of the fighting near Samarrah purports to give no general
+view of the whole action. Enough, if something clear is shown of the
+part played by one Regiment, and of the fighting by its immediate
+neighbours. The Highlanders had had some tough battles during the past
+few months, and during this day's fighting had lost over a third of
+their total strength in killed and wounded.</p>
+
+<p>On the next morning it was found that the Turks had retired several
+miles on to the ruins of the ancient city of <span class="pagenum"><a id="page099" name="page099"></a>(p. 099)</span> Istabulat, but
+it was not until the afternoon that the battle was continued. Then it
+was fought with the same violence, and with equal stubbornness as on
+the day before. Again the Turk was driven out of his positions, and
+again, like the gallant fighter he is, he held on till nightfall.
+Orders were given to renew the attack at dawn on the third day of the
+battle, but as day broke the patrols of Highlanders sent back word
+that the enemy had evacuated his forward positions, and we advanced in
+attack formation straight on Samarrah. The Highlanders were leading,
+and passed through the ancient ruins and the several lines of enemy
+trenches; those trenches held so stubbornly by the Turk, empty now,
+save for groups of dead bodies and a few of unhappy wounded who had
+not been moved during the night. Surely the world offers no scene more
+pitiful than that of a battlefield after action. I know, by personal
+experience, the suffering entailed in lying day and night untended
+with broken limbs, the utter weariness from wounds, and the exhaustion
+after conflict, the tragedy of all surroundings, the cries of those
+who cry for help that never comes, a passionate longing for death
+alternating with a craven fear of foe and wandering marauder, and
+above all, the horror of the great vultures swinging round and round
+in ever closer circles. Little of the pomp or ceremony of war was seen
+by the Highlanders as they marched that morning through the Turkish
+entrenchments at the head of the British troops, the first regiment to
+enter Samarrah as they had marched some six weeks earlier the first to
+enter Baghdad.</p>
+
+<p>Such is the story of the part played by the Highland Regiment in this
+hard-fought battle, but though I have told the tale from the point of
+view of a Regimental Officer, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page100" name="page100"></a>(p. 100)</span> I am not forgetful of the
+deeds of others. My endeavour has been to give a picture of events as
+one man meets them in a course of a day's fighting, not to give a
+narrative of deeds of which I know little and saw nothing. But of the
+gallant help given by the Gurkhas I have spoken and, after some
+experience of war both in France and in Mesopotamia, I add my
+testimony to the value of the loyal services rendered by so many of
+our Indian Regiments; it will stand to their honour for all time that
+they have fought throughout these years so bravely and so faithfully.
+War is a noble comradeship, and the ties that now bind the Indian and
+British troops will not easily be severed.</p>
+
+<p>The relationship between British and Indian officers is invariably
+happy; difficulties of language, however, sometimes give a little
+humour to a long campaign. When I was first given command of a Brigade
+formed of both British and Indian Battalions I made a point of
+speaking to each Indian officer, and saying something in appreciation
+of his services. To this the senior Indian officer replied with the
+usual Eastern compliments, and then added:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"Many Generals have come to see us, but each usually spares us but a
+couple of minutes; you, in your kindness, have spoken to each of us
+for half an hour and we shall indeed fight bravely for you, for of all
+Generals, you, O Brigadier, are the most long minded."</p>
+
+<a id="img207" name="img207"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img207.jpg" width="500" height="300" alt="At The Front" title="At The Front">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">AT THE FRONT. THE REGIMENT IN THE SAN-I-YAT TRENCHES</span>.
+Sergeant Bisset and Sergeant Murdoch both killed in action.</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img208" name="img208"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img208.jpg" width="500" height="297" alt="That Able Administrator General Sir Percy L. Cox And An
+Influential Arab Sheikh" title="That Able Administrator General Sir Percy L. Cox And An
+Influential Arab Sheikh">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">THAT ABLE ADMINISTRATOR GENERAL SIR PERCY L. COX AND AN
+INFLUENTIAL ARAB SHEIKH</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>CHAPTER IX. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page101" name="page101"></a>(p. 101)</span></h2>
+
+
+<p>On April 20th, Colonel J. Stewart took over the command of the
+Regiment, and Colonel A. G. Wauchope became a Brigadier.</p>
+
+<p>It was a great blow to the Regiment to lose their Colonel, and very
+difficult for any other man coming after him; but the new Colonel
+proved a worthy successor to the old and the Regiment was fortunate in
+having two such men in succession to guard its interests and its
+honour. Months later when I congratulated the General on the successes
+of his old Regiment and on his promotion, he said, "Yes, yes, B., the
+Regiment was splendid, but I am not too sure that the other matter is
+altogether a matter for congratulation." I felt certain that had it
+been left to his own choice he would have preferred to remain with his
+Highlanders than accept any higher command.</p>
+
+<p>With the capture of Samarrah it can be said that the winter campaign
+of 1916-1917 came to an end. We held the rail head of the Baghdad
+railway and had captured sixteen locomotives, 224 trucks and two
+barges of ammunition. Already at the end of April, the heat of the
+coming summer which was to prove the hottest on record could be felt,
+and the thermometer in that month reached 114° in the shade.</p>
+
+<p>The <span class="pagenum"><a id="page102" name="page102"></a>(p. 102)</span> actual fighting was for the time being practically over,
+and it was decided that Samarrah should be our advanced position on
+the Tigris. Preparations were at once commenced to make the position a
+strong one, and sufficient to hold up any attack which the enemy might
+have in view; but the summer coming on the Turks were not anxious to
+be aggressive and took up their most advanced positions some five or
+six miles further up the Tigris.</p>
+
+<p>The summer was consequently passed under much more pleasant conditions
+than in 1916. The Turks being far distant a number of officers and men
+were granted a month's leave to India; tents, rations and comforts
+were plentiful. The Regiment was at full strength and, despite the
+heat, the men maintained their health throughout the summer. The main
+task was the digging of several lines of trenches in front of the old
+city of Samarrah, but training was carried on continuously so that the
+Regiment might be ready as always for whatever operations were to take
+place in the coming cold weather. The Battalion had now spent nearly
+two years in Mesopotamia, and of the thousand who landed not two
+hundred remained, and of these many had been wounded. What contrasts
+the two years offer. In the first period one effort succeeded another,
+but neither training nor valour were sufficient to redress the balance
+of the scales, and despite every sacrifice Kut fell. Then came the
+months when we held San-i-yat, when there were few men and arduous
+duties, intolerable heat and no comfort.</p>
+
+<p>The spring of the second year was marked by a succession of victories,
+and achievements for all time memorable; the forcing of San-i-yat, the
+entry to Baghdad, the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page103" name="page103"></a>(p. 103)</span> battles of Mushaidie and Istabulat;
+and finally the last few months of comparative peace and plenty.</p>
+
+<p>Throughout the two years the indomitable spirit of the Battalion
+showed itself true to the finest traditions of the Regiment, and it is
+open to question whether memory of the hundred survivors fighting
+their way back from the Turkish trenches on the 21st of January, does
+not extort as much admiration as the memory of the three companies,
+after 30 hours of continuous marching and successful fighting,
+charging at midnight into the station at Mushaidie.</p>
+
+
+<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Summary <span class="pagenum"><a id="page104" name="page104"></a>(p. 104)</span> of Officer Casualties</span><br>
+
+suffered by the 2nd Bn. during its service in Mesopotamia,<br>
+
+July 1916 to May 1917.</p>
+
+<table  border="0" cellpadding="0" summary="Summary of Officer Casualties">
+<colgroup>
+    <col width="25%">
+    <col width="10%">
+    <col width="65%">
+</colgroup>
+<tr>
+<td>Killed in Action</td>
+<td class="td-center">16</td>
+<td>Includes Captain Duncan, R.A.M.C., and 2/Lieut. A. E. Sinclair.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Died from wounds</td>
+<td class="td-center">8</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Died from disease</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Missing</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Captain D. C. Hamilton Johnstone and 2/Lieut. H. F. Forrester. Both wounded.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Prisoners of War</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>2/Lieut. A. H. Quine.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Wounded in Action</td>
+<td class="td-center">42</td>
+<td>Includes officers wounded more than once, each occasion being counted separately. Does not
+include cases where officers have subsequently died from wounds.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Invalided to India</td>
+<td class="td-center">50</td>
+<td>As above, includes instances of invaliding more than one as separate items. Also includes all
+cases of officers wounded who were in consequence thereof invalided.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Details of Officer Casualties</span><br>
+in important battles.</p>
+
+<table  border="0" cellpadding="0" summary="Details of Officer Casualties">
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="td-center">Killed in action.</td>
+<td class="td-center">Died from wounds.</td>
+<td class="td-center">Wounded.</td>
+<td class="td-center">Missing</td>
+<td class="td-center">P. of W.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>7th January, 1916</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td class="td-center">..</td>
+<td class="td-center">16</td>
+<td class="td-center">..</td>
+<td class="td-center">..</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>21st January, 1916</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td class="td-center">..</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td class="td-center">..</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>22nd April, 1916</td>
+<td class="td-center">5</td>
+<td class="td-center">..</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td class="td-center">..</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>14th March, 1917</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td class="td-center">4</td>
+<td class="td-center">5</td>
+<td class="td-center">..</td>
+<td class="td-center">..</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>21st April, 1917</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td class="td-center">4</td>
+<td class="td-center">..</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="td-center">&mdash;&mdash;</td>
+<td class="td-center">&mdash;&mdash;</td>
+<td class="td-center">&mdash;&mdash;</td>
+<td class="td-center">&mdash;&mdash;</td>
+<td class="td-center">&mdash;&mdash;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>TOTAL</td>
+<td class="td-center">13</td>
+<td class="td-center">7</td>
+<td class="td-center">30</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">List <span class="pagenum"><a id="page105" name="page105"></a>(p. 105)</span> of Officers who served with the 2nd Battalion<br>
+in Mesopotamia, 1916-17.</span></p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Brig.-General A. G. Wauchope, C.M.G., D.S.O.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 16th January, 1916.<br>
+  Re-embarked, Bombay, 9th May, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 18th May, 1916.<br>
+  To be Bt.-Lt.-Colonel, 2nd June, 1916.<br>
+  Promotion to rank of Major ante-dated to 15th September 1914.<br>
+  (<i>London Gaz.</i>, dated 14th September, 1916).<br>
+  To be Bt.-Colonel, 23rd December, 1916.<br>
+  Assumed Command, Brigade. 20th April, 1917.<br>
+  To be Bde. Commander, 11th May, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Colonel J. Stewart.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 26th December, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 21st March, 1917.<br>
+  To be A.-Lt.-Col. whilst Commanding a Battn. 5th May, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Major T. G. F. Cochrane.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 16th January, 1916.<br>
+  Re-embarked, Bombay, 27th August, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd September, 1916.<br>
+  To be A/Major whilst 2nd in Command, 14th September, 1916.<br>
+  Relinquishes above, 15th April, 1917.<br>
+  To be A/Major on H. Q. of a Battn., 15th May, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Major D. C. Hamilton-Johnstone.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.<br>
+  To be Tempy. Major, 7th January, 1916.<br>
+  Wounded and Missing, 21st-22nd January, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Major C. R. B. Henderson.</span><span class="pagenum"><a id="page106" name="page106"></a>(p. 106)</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 26th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 26th January, 1916.<br>
+  Promoted Major, 8th January, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 14th April, 1916.<br>
+  Tenure of Adjt. expired, 4th January, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Major The Rev. Andrew MacFarlane.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Major The Hon. R. T. C. Murray.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 10th February, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 14th March, 1916.<br>
+  To India for duty with A. H. Q., 3rd April, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain J. Anderson.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.<br>
+  To be Hony. Captain, 3rd June, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain J. A. Barstow, M.C.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 11th July, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 10th August, 1916.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 21st April, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain A. E. Blair.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 10th February, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 14th March, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain H. John Blampied.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 7th June, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 4th July, 1916.<br>
+  To be Asst. Censor, 28th January, 1917.<br>
+  To be Censor, I.E.F. "D", 1st April, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain R. H. Crake (Attached).</span><br>
+  Held command of Btn. during latter portion of January, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain P. G. Egerton.</span><br>
+  Posted to the Battalion, 30th June, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain <span class="pagenum"><a id="page107" name="page107"></a>(p. 107)</span> C. D. Gilmour, M.C.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 20th January, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 21st February, 1916.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 22nd April, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 2nd May, 1916.<br>
+  To England, 11th June, 1916.<br>
+  Awarded the Military Cross, 22nd December, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain A. M. Grieve.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 16th February, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd March, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 5th July, 1916.<br>
+  Re-embarked, Bombay, 27th May, 1917.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 4th June, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain J. B. S. Haldane.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 9th October, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd December, 1916.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 22nd February, 1917.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 19th March, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain J. N. Inglis.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 20th January, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 21st February, 1916.<br>
+  Killed in Action, 22nd April, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain R. MacFarlane, M.C.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Bombay, 11th April, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked Basrah, 17th April, 1916.<br>
+  (Date of Embarkation in U. K. is not known).<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 10th June, 1916.<br>
+  Camp Area Comdt., Ma'gil, 14th July, 1916.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 14th March, 1917.<br>
+  Awarded the Military Cross, 31st March, 1917.<br>
+  Killed in Action, 21st April, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain M. E. Park, D.S.O.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 25th November, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 28th December, 1915.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 10th April, 1916.<br>
+  Awarded the Silver Medal for Valour by H. M. the King of Italy.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain <span class="pagenum"><a id="page108" name="page108"></a>(p. 108)</span> R. M. Purvis.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 20th January, 1916.<br>
+  Re-embarked, Bombay, 17th March, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 24th March, 1916.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 10th April, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 27th April, 1916.<br>
+  Re-embarked, Bombay, 20th January, 1917.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 28th January, 1917.<br>
+  Died from wounds, 14th March, 1917.<br>
+  Promoted Captain, from 8th March, 1916.<br>
+  (<i>London Gaz.</i>, dated 23rd August, 1916.)</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain R. D. Robertson.</span><br>
+  Posted, December, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain N. M. Ritchie, D.S.O.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 20th January, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 21st February, 1916.<br>
+  To be Adjutant, <i>vice</i> Major C. R. B. Henderson, 5th January, 1917.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 12th June, 1917.<br>
+  Awarded the D.S.O., 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain K. W. L. Simonet (Attached).</span><br>
+  Posted for temporary duty, 16th January, 1916.<br>
+  Killed in Action, 21st January, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain J. Todd.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 10th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 13th January, 1916.<br>
+  Apptd. Transport Officer, 22nd July, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain L. H. Willett.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 9th October, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd December, 1916.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 21st April, 1917.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 8th May, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain <span class="pagenum"><a id="page109" name="page109"></a>(p. 109)</span> W. A. Young, M.C.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 20th January, 1916.<br>
+  Re-embarked, Bombay, 17th March, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 24th March, 1916.<br>
+  To be T/Lieut., Supmy., 8th July, 1916.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 22nd February, 1917.<br>
+  Awarded the Military Cross.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain the Rev. A. Silver.</span><br>
+  Posted to the Regiment, 30th April, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain A. W. Duncan, R.A.M.C.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.<br>
+  Was killed in Action whilst M. O. with another Regiment,
+      9th March, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain G. F. Gunlette, R.A.M.C.</span><br>
+  For duty as M. O., 24th March, 1917.<br>
+  Relieved, 28th March, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain J. Macqueen, R.A.M.C.</span><br>
+  Joined Bn. as M. O., 18th July, 1916.<br>
+  Struck off, tour expired, 25th March, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain W. Moore Cameron, R.A.M.C.</span><br>
+  Posted as M. O., 28th March, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Captain T. W. Stewart.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 24th May, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 13th June, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 31st January, 1917.</p>
+
+
+<p class="p2"><i>Lieutenants.</i></p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">H. Bowie.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 16th January, 1916.<br>
+  Relinquishes Tempy. rank of Lieutenant, 7th January, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">W. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page110" name="page110"></a>(p. 110)</span> Coutts Hunter.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 20th January, 1916.<br>
+  To England from Egypt, 19th March, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">C. V. S. Cooks.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 16th January, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to England, 7th April, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">G. Curdie.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 21st January, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 4th February, 1916.<br>
+  Promoted T/Capt., 23rd November, 1915.<br>
+  Relinquishes Tempy. rank, 19th January, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to England, from Egypt, 7th April, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">A. B. Cumming.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 25th November, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 28th December, 1915.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 20th January, 1916.<br>
+  Re-embarked, Bombay, 25th March, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 1st April, 1916.<br>
+  Killed in Action, 22nd April, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">J. F. C. Dixon, M.C.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 21st January, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 30th January, 1916.<br>
+  Re-embarked, Bombay, 9th June, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked Basrah, 16th June, 1916.<br>
+  To be Lieutenant, 18th July, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 23rd November, 1916.<br>
+  Awarded the Military Cross, 22nd December 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">R. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page111" name="page111"></a>(p. 111)</span> H. Dundas.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 21st January, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 7th March, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">F. J. Fell.</span><br>
+  Posted to Battalion, 9th December, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">J. O. Hutchinson.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.<br>
+  Killed in Action, 7th January, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">R. W. Macfarlane Grieve.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 20th January 1916.<br>
+  Re-embarked, Bombay, 6th April, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 13th April, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 26th November, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">C. J. McConaghey.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 16th February, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd March, 1916.<br>
+  Killed in Action, 22nd April, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">W. W. McEwan, M.C.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 12th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 21st January, 1916.<br>
+  To Regiment, 1st March, 1916.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 22nd April, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 2nd May, 1916.<br>
+  Re-embarked, Karachi, 14th August, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 20th August, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 30th October, 1916.<br>
+  Awarded the Military Cross, 22nd December, 1916.<br>
+  Re-embarked, Bombay, 17th May, 1917.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd May, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">H. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page112" name="page112"></a>(p. 112)</span> A. T. Plunkett.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.<br>
+  Killed in Action, 7th January, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">G. G. B. Miller Stirling.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Suez, 21st June, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 4th July, 1916.<br>
+  Died from Wounds, 14th March, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">D. C. Stewart Smith.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.<br>
+  Apptd. Transport Officer, 10th January, 1916.<br>
+  Commanding Battn., 22nd to 23rd January, 1916.<br>
+  Acting Adjutant, 24th January, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 29th March, 1916.<br>
+  Re-embarked, Karachi, 13th July, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 16th July, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 26th August, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to U. K., 4th October, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">M. M. Thorburn, M.C.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 21st January, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 4th February, 1916.<br>
+  Awarded the Military Cross, January 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to England from Egypt, 25th April, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Withey, R. W.</span><br>
+  Posted to the Battalion, 6th December, 1917.</p>
+
+
+<p class="p2"><i>2nd Lieutenants.</i></p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">D. H. Anderson.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 16th February, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd March, 1916.<br>
+  Killed in Action, 22nd April, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">G. J. Anderson.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 16th February, 1910.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd March, 1916.<br>
+  Killed in Action, 22nd April, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">C. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page113" name="page113"></a>(p. 113)</span> St. G. Alexander.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 16th February, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd March, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 4th May, 1916.<br>
+  (Wounded in Action, 22nd April, 1916).<br>
+  To England from Egypt.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">D. S. Gordon Brown.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Bombay, 11th April, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 17th April, 1916.<br>
+  Accidentally wounded, 28th June, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 5th August, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">H. W. Bruce.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 16th February, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd March, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 30th May, 1916.<br>
+  Embarked, Karachi, 27th August, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd September, 1916.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 6th November, 1916.<br>
+  Killed in Action, 17th February, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">E. Bruce.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 16th February, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd March, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 11th May, 1916.<br>
+  Embarked, Karachi, 14th August, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 20th August, 1916.<br>
+  Died from Disease (Paratyphoid-A), 17th November, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">A. E. Bairstow.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 9th October, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd December, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">J. C. W. Broad.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 16th January, 1916.<br>
+  Re-embarked, Bombay, 22nd May, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 30th May, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 15th June, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">K. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page114" name="page114"></a>(p. 114)</span> Buchanan.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 20th January, 1916.<br>
+  Re-embarked, Bombay, 8th May, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 16th May, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 26th August, 1916.<br>
+  Re-embarked, Bombay, 25th February, 1917.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 4th March, 1917.<br>
+  P. A. to Dir. of Port Admin. and Conservancy, 6th May, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">J. C. R. Buchanan.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 9th February, 1917.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 22nd May, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">C. J. R. Brown.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Karachi, 19th March, 1917.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 26th March, 1917.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 21st April, 1917.<br>
+  Died from Wounds, 21st May, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">J. A. Byron.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Karachi, 19th March, 1917.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 26th March, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">T. M. Cowie.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 15th October, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 21st November, 1916.<br>
+  Unofficially reported Pris. of War, 17th February, 1917.<br>
+  Recaptured, 1st March, 1917.<br>
+  (Wounded 17th February 1917).<br>
+  Invalided to India, 15th March, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">A. Crombie.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 26th April, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 31st May, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">J. H. Cotterell.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 10th February, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 14th March, 1916.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 22nd April, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 27th April, 1916.<br>
+  Re-embarked, Bombay, 27th November, 1916.<br>
+  Died from wounds, 15th March, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">A. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page115" name="page115"></a>(p. 115)</span> T. Downie.</span><br>
+    Embarked, Bombay, 17th April, 1917.<br>
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd May, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">J. Dawson.</span><br>
+    Embarked, Devonport, 7th June, 1916.<br>
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 4th July, 1916.<br>
+    Invalided to India, 6th November, 1916.<br>
+    Returned to England and died.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">A. Douglas.</span><br>
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.<br>
+    Wounded in Action, 13th January, 1916.<br>
+    Reported dangerously ill, 18th January, 1916.<br>
+    Died from Wounds, 9th February, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">H. F. Forrester.</span><br>
+    Embarked, Devonport, 10th February, 1916.<br>
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 14th March, 1916.<br>
+    Wounded and Missing, 22nd April, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">T. Gant.</span><br>
+    Promoted from C.S.M., 6th February, 1917.<br>
+    Wounded in Action, 14th March, 1917.<br>
+    To be A. Qr. Master., 12th May, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">T. Gillespie.</span><br>
+    Embarked, Devonport, 21st October, 1916.<br>
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 21st November, 1916.<br>
+    Killed in Action, 14th March, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">J. F. Gillies.</span><br>
+    Embarked, Devonport, 24th May, 1916.<br>
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 13th June, 1916.<br>
+    Invalided to India, 28th June, 1916.<br>
+    To England, from Egypt, 30th September, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">A. Gilroy.</span><br>
+    Embarked, Devonport, 10th September, 1916.<br>
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 10th October, 1916.<br>
+    Wounded in Action, 21st April, 1917.<br>
+    To be Lieutenant, 1st January, 1917.<br>
+    Invalided to India, 18th May, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">J. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page116" name="page116"></a>(p. 116)</span> T. Grassie, D.S.O.</span><br>
+    Embarked, Devonport, 20th January, 1916.<br>
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 21st February, 1916.<br>
+    Wounded in Action, 6th April, 1916.<br>
+    Invalided to India, 10th April, 1916.<br>
+    Invalided to U. K. from Egypt, 7th May, 1916.<br>
+    Awarded the D.S.O., 22nd December, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">K. Graham Scott.</span><br>
+    Embarked, Devonport, 25th December, 1916.<br>
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 9th March, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">W. G. Grierson.</span><br>
+    Embarked, Devonport, 5th January, 1917.<br>
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 22nd March, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">C. E. Gerrard.</span><br>
+    Embarked, Karachi, 19th March, 1917.<br>
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 26th March, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">T. A. Henderson, M.C.</span><br>
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 25th November, 1915.<br>
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 28th December, 1915.<br>
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.<br>
+    Awarded the Military Cross, 22nd December, 1916.<br>
+    Awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th Col., with Swords,<br>
+      (<i>London Gaz.</i>, 5th July, 1917).<br>
+    Invalided to India, 23rd May, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="p2"><i>2nd Lieutenants.</i></p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">S. L. Hunter.</span><br>
+    Embarked, Bombay, 27th July, 1916.<br>
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 1st August, 1916.<br>
+    Joined 3rd Echelon, as Record Officer, 22nd March, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">B. S. Houston, M.C.</span><br>
+    Promoted from C.S.M., 16th February, 1917.<br>
+    Awarded the Military Cross, 31st March, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">C. V. Hendry.</span><br>
+    Embarked, Devonport, 7th June, 1916.<br>
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 4th July, 1916.<br>
+    Invalided to India, 6th November, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">P. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page117" name="page117"></a>(p. 117)</span> J. Haye.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 5th January, 1917.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 22nd March, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">D. Haig.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 15th January, 1917,<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 21st March, 1917.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 16th June, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">M. Jamieson.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 9th October, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd December, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">A. L. Jackson.</span><br>
+  Posted to the Battalion, 28th August, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">J. Jeff.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 24th May, 1917.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 13th June, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">A. S. Johnston.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Bombay, 24th March, 1917.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 28th March, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">T. Kinnear.</span><br>
+  Promoted from C.S.M., 6th February, 1917.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 22nd February, 1917.<br>
+  Apptd. Transport Officer, 3rd May, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">B. H. Lunn.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 24th May, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 13th June, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 8th December, 1916.<br>
+  Has since been invalided to England.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">T. Loudon.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 5th January, 1917.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 22nd March, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">J. MacGregor.</span><br>
+  Posted to the Battalion, 13th September, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">G. M. Mackenzie.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 24th May, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 13th June, 1916.<br>
+  Transferred to M. Gun Corps, 26th October, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">Mann, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page118" name="page118"></a>(p. 118)</span> J. A.</span><br>
+Posted to the Battalion, 6th December, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">D. Murray Stewart.</span><br>
+Embarked, Devonport, 9th October, 1916.<br>
+Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd December, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">R. S. Morrison.</span><br>
+Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.<br>
+Killed in Action, 7th January, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">W. D. Montgomerie.</span><br>
+Embarked, Bombay, 17th May, 1917.<br>
+Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd May, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">A. Muir.</span><br>
+Promoted from C.S.M., 29th May, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">D. McArthur.</span><br>
+Embarked, Devonport, 5th January, 1917.<br>
+Disembarked, Basrah, 22nd March, 1917.<br>
+Died from Wounds, 21st April, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">T. Peel.</span><br>
+Embarked, Devonport, 5th January, 1917.<br>
+Disembarked, Basrah, 22nd March, 1917.<br>
+Died from Wounds, 21st April, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">J. C. Paterson.</span><br>
+Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.<br>
+Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.<br>
+Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.<br>
+Invalided to India, 16th January, 1916.<br>
+To England, from Egypt, 19th March, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">W. Porter.</span><br>
+Posted to the Battalion, 21st November, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">B. H. Quine.</span><br>
+Embarked, Devonport, 7th June, 1916.<br>
+Disembarked, Basrah, 4th July, 1916.<br>
+To be F. T. C. O., Dvn., 1st August, 1916.<br>
+Relieved from above, 26th August, 1916.<br>
+Invalided to India, 3rd September, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">A. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page119" name="page119"></a>(p. 119)</span> H. Quine.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Karachi, 19th March, 1917.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 26th March, 1917.<br>
+  Reported Missing, 21st April, 1917.<br>
+  Reported Pris. of War, 21st April, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">G. Ryrie.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 11th July, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 10th August, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 28th November, 1916.<br>
+  Re-embarked, Bombay, 27th May, 1917.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 4th June, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">J. C. Ritchie, M. C.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 5th January, 1917.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 22nd March, 1917.<br>
+  Awarded the Military Cross, 22nd May, 1917.<br>
+  Apptd. A. Adjt., 27th May, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">A. Scobie.</span><br>
+  Posted to the Battalion, 13th September, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">A. E. Sinclair.</span><br>
+  Embarked Devonport, 24th May, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 13th June, 1916.<br>
+  Transferred to M. Gun Corps, 26th October, 1916.<br>
+  Killed in Action, 5th December, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">P. J. Scotland.</span><br>
+  Posted to the Battalion, 9th December, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">G. V. Stewart.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Bombay, 11th April, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 17th April, 1916.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 14th March, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">G. B. Smart.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Suez, 16th September, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 26th September, 1916.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 14th March, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">F. H. Soutar</span><br>
+  Embarked, Marseilles, 25th November, 1915.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 28th December, 1915.<br>
+  Killed in Action, 21st January, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">T. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page120" name="page120"></a>(p. 120)</span> L. Smith.</span><br>
+  Posted to the Battalion, 13th September, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">P. E. Symthe.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 9th October, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd December, 1916.<br>
+  Confirmed in rank of 2nd Lieutenant, 18th October 1916.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 21st April, 1917.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 12th June, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">R. M. Smythe.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 9th October, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 14th December, 1916.<br>
+  Wounded in Action, 14th March, 1917.<br>
+  Confirmed in rank of 2nd Lieut., 18th October, 1916.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">A. G. Woyka.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 26th April, 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 31st May, 1916.<br>
+  Invalided to India, 15th January, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">R. Walker.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Karachi, 19th March, 1917.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 26th March, 1917.<br>
+  Killed in Action, 21st April, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="add5em">
+<span class="smcap min3em">A. A. Young.</span><br>
+  Embarked, Devonport, 24th May 1916.<br>
+  Disembarked, Basrah, 13th June, 1916.<br>
+  Cypher Officer, G. H. Q. Base, 28th June, 1916.<br>
+  Joined Bn. in the Fd., 25th November, 1916.<br>
+  Died from Wounds, 14th March, 1917.</p>
+
+<p class="p2 center"><i>Nominal <span class="pagenum"><a id="page121" name="page121"></a>(p. 121)</span> roll of W.Os., N.C.Os., and men, 2nd Bn.,
+numerically arranged, who have been killed in action, died of wounds,
+disease, etc., during service in Mesopotamia, from 1st January 1916 to
+15th June 1917</i>.</p>
+
+<table  border="0" cellpadding="1" summary="Casualties">
+<colgroup>
+    <col width="9%">
+    <col width="1%">
+    <col width="20%">
+    <col width="10%">
+    <col width="10%">
+    <col width="20%">
+    <col width="30%">
+</colgroup>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">Regtl. No.</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="td-center">Rank and Name.</td>
+<td class="td-center">Cause of Death.</td>
+<td class="td-center">Date of Death.</td>
+<td class="td-center">Place of Death.</td>
+<td class="td-center">Place of burial, if known.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="6">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">72</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Sergt. T. Archer</td>
+<td class="td-center">K. in A.</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">AR/116</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>A/Cpl. D. Dakers</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">133</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Sergt. T. Murray</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">578</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>A/Cpl. J. Gibb</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">598</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Hogg</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">622</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Lynch</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">672</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Corpl. R. Pratt</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">773</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. R. Whyte</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">6-11-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Cemetery near Jullundur St. Sann-i-yat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">781</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Corpl. U. Hutchison</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td rowspan="2">Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7,<br>7th Divn., Sketch No. 5, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">797</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Milne</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">814</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. G. McAulay</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">896</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Sergt. G. Johnston</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">981</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. G. Hazeldean</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1020</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Sgt. J. Mulholland</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1038</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. T. McFarlane</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1060</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Sgt. J. Inglis</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1207</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. A. Brown</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1335</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. A. Cowie</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Point 40-22, T.C. 97 Sq. G-7, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1346</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Whannel</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1418</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. W. Mack</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1426</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Reoch</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1449</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Piper J. Davis</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">25-9-15</td>
+<td class="td-center">France.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1452</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Smith</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1472</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Sergt. R. Madill</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1591</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Sergt. D. Hamilton</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1619</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. W. Noble</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1642</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>A/Sgt. D. Neill</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1701</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Sergt. T. Henderson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1714</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. D. Duke</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1780</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Sergt. D. Finlay, V.C.</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1791</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. G. Burness</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1856</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>A/Cpl. D. Hughes</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1859</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>A/C. S.M.T. Bissett</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1884</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Corpl. R. Speed</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Point 40-22 T.C. 97 Sq. G-7 Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1899</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Craig, R.</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">2003</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. T. Teirney</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">23-6-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">2029</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>A/Sgt. A. Kiddle</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">2084</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Sergt. J. Barrie</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/2160</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Corpl. W. Gow</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">20-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">2185</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Dmr. G. Bullion</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">6-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">2277</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. W. Grimmond</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">2316</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>A/Sergt. T. Marshall</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">2451</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. N. Campbell</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/2496</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. H. Duffy</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/2508</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. S. Mowat</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">2511</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>A/Cpl. D. Simpson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/2519</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J Downie</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/2520</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. C. Low</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">2545</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Corpl. T. Brown</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/2564</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. G. Mitchell</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">13-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/2569</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. B. Cunningham</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/2585</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. R. McQuarrie</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/2584</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. O'Donnell</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Point 40-22 T.C. 97, Sq. G-7. Istabulat (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/2614</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Black</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/2621</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Cook</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">6-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/2632</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. E. Clark</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">13-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/2674</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. G. Stevenson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad battlefield, (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">2701</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. F. Gibo</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">2745</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. L. Phee</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad battlefield, (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/3012</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Hay</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/3074</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. P. Glancy</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/3100</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. T. Burke</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/3342</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Sergt. J. Lees</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/3360</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Campbell</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">9-5-15</td>
+<td class="td-center">France.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3380</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Strachan</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/3471</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Harman</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/3590</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. G. Forbes</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3874</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. R. Wilson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">6-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/3917</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. F. Robertson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/4144</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Mailer</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/4151</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. E. Harkness</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/4221</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. E. Graham</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Point 40-22 T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/4222</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. D. Cuthbert</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/4484</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. J. Shirra</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/5142</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Bennett</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/6113</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Stuart</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/6259</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. F. Stafford</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/6405</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. T. Weir</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">13-3-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/6415</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Rogerson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/6652</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. P. Hughes</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/6711</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. G. Jones</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/6757</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. W. Taylor</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">6818</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. T. Caddow</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/6958</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. E. McLure</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7009</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. J. Gibson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">9-8-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7019</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Hay</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabul.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7088</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>A/Sgt. R. McLauchan</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">13-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Orah battlefield, Map. L-2, Rev. Irwin.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7094</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Coulter</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad battlefield, (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7097</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. C. McRae</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad battlefield, (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">7100</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. F. Wilkins</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad battlefield, (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7283</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. D. Bell</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield, (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7346</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Dickson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7507</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. McKennie</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7508</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. T. Lamb</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7548</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. McKay</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7560</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Tarberts</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7580</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Baillie</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7592</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. R. Bowman</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7595</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. G. Drysdale</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">6-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7616</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. J. McLaughlan</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7738</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Moncur</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7743</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Mann</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7748</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. T. McPherson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7757</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Gillispie</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7771</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>C.-S.-M. D. Palmer</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">7912</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>C.-S.-M. R. Proudfoot</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7926</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. McCormack</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7943</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Beatte</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7957</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Whyte</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7967</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. E. Brown</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7994</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Corpl. A. Critchton</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7996</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Graham</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8057</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Thomson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8062</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. D. Hardley</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8082</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Ramsay</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">8169</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. E. Rooke</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8192</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. M. McMahon</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8202</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. D. Winter</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Point 40-22 T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">8235</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. R. Lindsay</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8252</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. D. Kilgour</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8316</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. S. McKillop</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8329</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Suttie</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">6-3-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8330</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. G. Smith</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8349</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. A. Cochrane</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8389</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Clark</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8390</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Corpl. P. Robertson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8428</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Wilson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8444</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Sergt. A. McDonald</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">8458</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>A/Cpl. J. Hughes</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8500</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. McNee</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8534</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. R. McDonald</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8551</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Gibson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat (G.K.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8571</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. D. McPhee</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8696</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Bell</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8705</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. F. Fraser</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8765</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Stewart</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">18-6-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8785</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Liddle</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8867</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Smith</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8890</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. T. Cranston</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">13-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8918</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Lamb</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/9194</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>A/Cpl. J. Dougal</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/9207</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Orr</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/9231</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. T. Reid</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/9339</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. T. Williamson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">20-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">9383</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Sergt. D. Murdoch</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Dujail battlefield, point 40-22 T.C. 97. Sq. G-7, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">9437</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>C.-S.-M. G. Davidson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">9451</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. P. Davie</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/9504</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. C. Low</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/9544</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Segt. T. McCutcheon</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/9563</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. C. Thomson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/9643</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. H. Fraser</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/9952</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. C. Turner</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10006</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Ross</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10028</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Barnes</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">SRA/10113</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. T. Belcher</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">13-2-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10170</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. E. Holmes</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-1-18</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">10240</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/C. A. Gibson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">SRA/10278</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. B. Wilson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">SRA/10299</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. E. Kenny</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10340</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Dick</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10374</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. P. Paul</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">SRA/10429</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L-Cpl. A. Robertson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10469</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. R. Barrie</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10477</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Graham</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10480</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Ballingall</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">13-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10482</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. D. McFarlane</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">10489</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Sims</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10537</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. W. Malcolm</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10539</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. P. Hardie</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10545</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. T. Baillie</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">5-12-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Jullundur St. Cemetery, Sann-i-yat (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10564</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Dalton</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-1-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Dujail battlefield,  T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10566</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. D. McLean</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10567</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Dawson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10574</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. K. O'Donnell</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10586</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. M. Paul</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10592</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. E. Smith</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10598</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. J. McKay</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10621</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Lang</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10633</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Watson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">5-11-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Jullundur St. Cemetery, Sann-i-yat (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10634</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. P. Reilly</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">17-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10638</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. F. Inglis</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10648</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Wylie</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10651</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. D. Small</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10656</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. P. Barnes</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11147</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>A/Cpl. J. Harkins</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11175</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. J. Little</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11193</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Clark</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11305</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. McLean</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">13-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11333</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Galbraith</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-10-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Cemetery at 28 B.F.A., Faliheyah Bend.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11369</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. R. Niven</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">24-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11532</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Huitton</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11533</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. B. Bogan</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11570</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Smith</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11572</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Stewart</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11613</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. H. Greenwood</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11631</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. J. Wallace</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11669</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. G. Law</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11673</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. G. Hayes</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">16-6-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11726</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Carmichael</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11371</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. C. Wilson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11866</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. T. Galloway</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11869</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Studholme</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11891</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. D. Mathers</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11958</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. R. McNaughten</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, 7th Division, sketch No. 5, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/12096</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Cross</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Dujail  battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, 7th Division, sketch No. 5, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/12202</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. E. Doggett</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/12238</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. D. McCraw</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">11-12-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Jullundur St. Cemetery. Sann-i-yat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/12395</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Johnstone</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/12435</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Jamieson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Point 40-22, Sq. G-7, T.C. 97, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/12475</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Keir</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/12494</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Tuckerman</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13111</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Smith</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">13170</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Lawson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">13177</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. H. Plain</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">SRA/13207</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. J. Robson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">20-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13267</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. M. Brown</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">10-10-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Old Cemetery behind Meerut Trench, Sann-i-yat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13458</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Brember</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13956</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. G. Cross</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/14517</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. C. Winters</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/14994</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. McCallum</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/15066</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. D. Stewart</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/15068</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Lawson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Point  40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/15069</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. McLeod</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/15127</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Coyne</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, G-7, 7th Division, sketch No. 5, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/15537</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Gemmell</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/15632</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Adam</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/15700</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. G. Crick</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/15853</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Wiseman</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/15866</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. McKay</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/16233</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. P. Dair</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">16303</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. P. McSkimming</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">11-2-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Jullundur St. Cemetery, Sann-i-yat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/16353</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. H. McKay</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">17481</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Corpl. H. Bowman</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">17483</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Eglin</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/19311</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. G. Neilson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/19316</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Sanderson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">19426</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Clark</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">19435</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. D. Aitken</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">19436</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Crawford</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">17-2-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Jullundur St. Cemetery, Sann-i-yat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">19450</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Corpl. L. Wiseman</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">19456</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Wilkinson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">69</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. A. McBurnie</td>
+<td class="td-center">Died fr. Wds.</td>
+<td class="td-right">9-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">79</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. E. Miller</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">20-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">19 Cas. C1. Stn.</td>
+<td>Sindiyeh Cemetery, T.C. 87, Sq. 1-H.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/471</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Taggart</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">16-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">No. 5 Fd. Amb.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">828</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Sergt. A. Downie</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">5-5-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">3 B. G. H., Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">941</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>A/Cpl. R. McNee</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">3a B. G. H., Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1305</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Macrae</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">30-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">3a B. G. H., Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1381</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. G. Hendric</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">30-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">3a B. G. H., Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/1755</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. P. McPhee</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">24-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1831</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Mauby</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">17-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">No. 2 B.G.H., Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1947</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. T. Morrison</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">6-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/2112</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Welsh</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">11-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">32 B. G. H., Amara.</td>
+<td>Amara Cemetery, Row No. II, A, Grave No. 13.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">2117</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. R. McBean</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">8-2-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">3a B.G.H., Basra.</td>
+<td>Basra.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">2145</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Sergt. G. McGregor</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-12-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">20 B.F.A.</td>
+<td>Br. Cemetery at 20 B.F.A., Falaheyeh, Row. No. 4.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/2312</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. H. Dand</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">24-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">3a B.G.H., Basra.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">2355</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. J. Cunningham</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">16-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td>Hassiawah, (15 mls. N. of Baghdad).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">2381</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Gibb</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/2647</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Robertson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">15-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">3a B.G.H., Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">2675</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. F. Morrison</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">15-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/2742</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. H. McMillan</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">19-12-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">20 B.F.A.</td>
+<td>Cemetery at 20 B.F.A.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/2876</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. R. Brown</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">24-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">130 I.F.A.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/2903</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Marshall</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/2920</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Anderson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">24-1-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Chabela Mound Cemetery, T.C. 61, 16c, 48, 19, Grave No. 2.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/3198</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Forbes</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">12-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">R-P. B.G.H., Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/3358</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. D. Richardson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">25-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">S.S. Mejidieh.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/3362</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. T. Welsh</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">3-5-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">3 B.G.H., Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/3755</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Ettrick</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">24-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">S.S. Mejidieh.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/3934</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Fleming</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">25-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">3a B.G.H., Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/4004</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. B. Evans</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">27-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">3a B.G.H., Amara.</td>
+<td>Amara.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/4093</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Corpl. J. Gillies</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/4218</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Mackie</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">24-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/5230</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. McDougall</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">17-2-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Jullundur St. Cemetery, Sann-i-yat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/5658</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. T. S.</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">26-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">S.S. Mejedeih.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/6436</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. F. Bewley</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">24-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">3a B.S.H. S-Sd.</td>
+<td>Sheikh-Saad Cemetery, Row 6, Gr. No. 364.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/6689</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Dewar</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">18-2-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">3a B.G.H. Basra.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/6964</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>A/Cpl. G. Combe</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">6-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">23 B.S.H. Amara.</td>
+<td>Amara Cemetery, Grave No. VII, 6, 7.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/6972</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>H. Rodgers</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">6-9-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td>Cemetery at 20 B.F.A.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7122</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Lamont</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">25-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">3a B.G.H. Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7207</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. J. Young</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">5-3-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">3 B.G.H. Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7399</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. D. Urquhart</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">20-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7427</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Rae</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">8-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7430</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>A/Cpl. D. Moncreiff</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">13-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7479</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Shannon</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">19-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">3 B.G.H., Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7538</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. M. Stewart</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7730</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Stewart</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-6-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">8175</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Sergt. J. Lugton</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">15-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">Motor Convoy. 128 I.F.A.</td>
+<td>5 miles N. of Tagi Rly. Stn. and 40 E. of railway line.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8183</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. F. Scott</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8266</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Stewart</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">8-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8356</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Trory</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-9-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8709</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Ferguson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">2 B.G.H., Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8856</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Elliott</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/9159</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. C. Wilson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">24-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/9728</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. E. Thomson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">15-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">128 I.F.A.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">RA/10072</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Davy</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">24-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10155</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. P. Welsh</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">8-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">SRA/10285</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Harker</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">8-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10432</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. T. Wilson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">15-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">128 I.F.A.</td>
+<td>5 miles N. of Tagi Station and 40 E. of Railway.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">RA/10439</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Hallam</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">32 B.G.H., Amara.</td>
+<td>Amara Cemetery, Grave No. II, A, 14.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10639</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Walker</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">27-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">3a B.G.H., Basra.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10652</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. A. Kay</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">24-5-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">32 B.G.H., Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10654</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. C. Williams</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">24-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11259</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. P. Hiley</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">29-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">3a B.G.H., Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11535</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. D. Smith</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11769</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Nicol</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">1-6-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td>Cemetery at 20 B.F.A.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/12162</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Cannell</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">24-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">130 I.F.A.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/12321</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. L. Latto</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">23-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">No. 7 B.F.A.</td>
+<td>T.C. 96, 6-E, 3-1.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/12512</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Swanston</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">24-2-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13103</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Benson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">No. 19 B.F.A.</td>
+<td>S.-E. of Ry. culvert about 4-3/4 miles<br>
+S.-E. of Istabulat Station, T.C. 97, K-9, 5-6.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">13186</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. W. Campbell</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">15-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">128 I.F.A.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13260</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Nelson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13325</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. T. Simpson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/14626</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. T. Hanvey</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">23-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">130 I.F.A.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/16060</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. C. Ogilvie</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">25-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">16 C.C.S.</td>
+<td>Grave No. A-22 (Cemetery unknown).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/16041</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. C. Gray</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">26-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">32 B.G.H.</td>
+<td>Amara Cemetery, Grave VIII, Block B-1.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/16082</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. P. Glen</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">9-5-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">2 B.G.H.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/16323</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Thompson</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">20-5-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">32 B.G.H.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">19445</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. D. Porter</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">19 B.F.A.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1062</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Sgt. W. Hanton</td>
+<td class="td-center">Enteric.</td>
+<td class="td-right">6-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">3 B.G.H.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">513</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. G. Robertson</td>
+<td class="td-center">Suffocation.</td>
+<td class="td-right">24-1-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1549</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Bennett</td>
+<td class="td-center">Dysentery.</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-9-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Sheikh-Saad.</td>
+<td>Sheikh-Saad Cemetery, Grave No. F-59.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/2008</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. D. Mathieson</td>
+<td class="td-center">Gastritis.</td>
+<td class="td-right">18-6-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">Falaheyeh.</td>
+<td>Cemetery at 26 B.F.A.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/2475</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>A/Sgt. W. Chrystal</td>
+<td class="td-center">Sun-stroke.</td>
+<td class="td-right">19-6-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Kurna.</td>
+<td>Christian burial ground, Kurna, Row B, Grave 11.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">2750</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Dmr. J. Watt</td>
+<td class="td-center">Para-typh.</td>
+<td class="td-right">10-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Sheikh-Saad.</td>
+<td>Sheikh-Saad Cemetery, Grave No. 105.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/3572</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. G. Billington</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">1-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3892</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Sanderson</td>
+<td class="td-center">Disease.</td>
+<td class="td-right">29-6-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">S.S. Malamir.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/4229</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Clark</td>
+<td class="td-center">Heat-stroke.</td>
+<td class="td-right">26-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/4246</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. T. Clowe</td>
+<td class="td-center">P.U.O.</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/4251</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. P. McGinley</td>
+<td class="td-center">Suffocation.</td>
+<td class="td-right">27-6-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/4252</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. S. Johnstone</td>
+<td class="td-center">Enteric.</td>
+<td class="td-right">4-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/4874</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Fettes</td>
+<td class="td-center">Gastritis.</td>
+<td class="td-right">20-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Falaheyeh.</td>
+<td>Cemetery at 20 B.F.A.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/6709</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Sherriff</td>
+<td class="td-center">Enteritis.</td>
+<td class="td-right">27-5-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/7229</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. E. Dunbar</td>
+<td class="td-center">Heat-stroke.</td>
+<td class="td-right">3-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">3 B.G.H.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7622</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Ferguson</td>
+<td class="td-center">Enteric.</td>
+<td class="td-right">3-10-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">33 B.G.H.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7643</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. E. Wallace</td>
+<td class="td-center">Heat-stroke.</td>
+<td class="td-right">20-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Basrah.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8024</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. McLaren</td>
+<td class="td-center">Dysentery.</td>
+<td class="td-right">29-5-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">3 B.G.H.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8040</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. S. Russell</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-6-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">R. Boat P-4.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">8052</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Sgt. G. Warden</td>
+<td class="td-center">Enteric.</td>
+<td class="td-right">26-5-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">127 C.F.A.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">8390</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Murphy</td>
+<td class="td-center">Typhus.</td>
+<td class="td-right">20-4-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">Amara.</td>
+<td>Amara Cemetery, Grave No. VIII, A. 5.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8713</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. J. Cairney</td>
+<td class="td-center">Drowned Acc.</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-3-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8715</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Oliphant</td>
+<td class="td-center">N.Y.D. fever.</td>
+<td class="td-right">17-8-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Sheikh-Saad.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8888</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. D. Fleming</td>
+<td class="td-center">Malaria.</td>
+<td class="td-right">2-8-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">9852</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Beattie</td>
+<td class="td-center">Dysentery.</td>
+<td class="td-right">30-12-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">33 B.G.H.</td>
+<td>Hakimeyeh Cemetery, Makina, Row C, No. 15.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10012</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. R. Cowper</td>
+<td class="td-center">Cholera.</td>
+<td class="td-right">19-5-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10047</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. R. Broadbent</td>
+<td class="td-center">Heat-stroke.</td>
+<td class="td-right">1-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Falaheyeh.</td>
+<td>Cemetery at 20 B.F.A.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">SRA/10271</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Howard</td>
+<td class="td-center">Enteric.</td>
+<td class="td-right">9-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">10488</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. D. Ramsay</td>
+<td class="td-center">Dysentery.</td>
+<td class="td-right">2-5-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">3 B.G.H.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10527</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. H. Roberts</td>
+<td class="td-center">Enteric.</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1757</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. P. Cameron</td>
+<td class="td-center">Drowned.</td>
+<td class="td-right">15-8-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Basrah.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/5414</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. R. Craigie</td>
+<td class="td-center">Enteric.</td>
+<td class="td-right">8-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10591</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. T. Surgener</td>
+<td class="td-center">Malaria.</td>
+<td class="td-right">15-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Makina.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10599</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Lewis</td>
+<td class="td-center">Enteric.</td>
+<td class="td-right">8-8-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Sheikh-Saad.</td>
+<td>Sheikh-Saad Cemetery, Grave No. 184.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11537</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Preston</td>
+<td class="td-center">Dysentery.</td>
+<td class="td-right">12-10-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">3 B.G.H.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11540</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Mills</td>
+<td class="td-center">Enteric.</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11709</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. B. McMeechan</td>
+<td class="td-center">Disease.</td>
+<td class="td-right">27-6-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Sheikh-Saad.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/12115</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Robertson</td>
+<td class="td-center">Enteric.</td>
+<td class="td-right">18-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/12328</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Broadbent</td>
+<td class="td-center">Heat stroke.</td>
+<td class="td-right">5-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/12433</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Kirkland</td>
+<td class="td-center">Enteric.</td>
+<td class="td-right">24-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/12437</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. R. Younghusband</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">5-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/12474</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Porter</td>
+<td class="td-center">Disease.</td>
+<td class="td-right">14-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/12519</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Christie</td>
+<td class="td-center">Bronche. Pneumonia.</td>
+<td class="td-right">10-6-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Alexandria.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/12531</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. W. Morrison</td>
+<td class="td-center">Dysentery.</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-9-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Falaheyeh.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13131</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. W. Forbes</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">20-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Basrah.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13137</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. F. Docherty</td>
+<td class="td-center">P.U.O.</td>
+<td class="td-right">28-6-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Sheikh-Saad.</td>
+<td>Sheikh-Saad Cemetery.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13144</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. S. Lennox</td>
+<td class="td-center">Enteritis.</td>
+<td class="td-right">22-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Basrah.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13145</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. McHugh</td>
+<td class="td-center">Typhoid.</td>
+<td class="td-right">28-6-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Sheikh-Sand.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13148</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. McDougall</td>
+<td class="td-center">Enteric.</td>
+<td class="td-right">28-6-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13154</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. E. Ross</td>
+<td class="td-center">Dysentery.</td>
+<td class="td-right">20-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13160</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/Cpl. J. Selkirk</td>
+<td class="td-center">Disease.</td>
+<td class="td-right">29-6-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">S.S. Mejidieh.</td>
+<td>Christian Burial-ground, Kurna, Row B, Grave 14.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13176</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. F. Tait</td>
+<td class="td-center">Drowned.</td>
+<td class="td-right">23-6-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Sheikh-Saad.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">13191</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Carroll</td>
+<td class="td-center">Disease.</td>
+<td class="td-right">29-6-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">S.S. Mejidieh.</td>
+<td>Christian Burial-ground, Kurna, Row B, Grave 13.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13192</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Connelly</td>
+<td class="td-center">Heat-stroke.</td>
+<td class="td-right">26-6-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Sheikh-Saad.</td>
+<td>Sheikh-Saad Cemetery.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13225</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. T. Davidson</td>
+<td class="td-center">Enteric.</td>
+<td class="td-right">2-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13227</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. R. Boyd</td>
+<td class="td-center">Enteritis.</td>
+<td class="td-right">30-6-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13233</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Reddie</td>
+<td class="td-center">Heat-stroke.</td>
+<td class="td-right">2-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">3 B.G.H.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13234</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. N. Sweeney</td>
+<td class="td-center">Dysentery.</td>
+<td class="td-right">21-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Sheikh-Saad.</td>
+<td>Sheikh-Saad Cemetery, Grave No. 18.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13243</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Bain</td>
+<td class="td-center">Disease.</td>
+<td class="td-right">28-6-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span><span class="add2em">"</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13913</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. C. McMillan</td>
+<td class="td-center">Malaria.</td>
+<td class="td-right">3-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13982</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. Duff</td>
+<td class="td-center">Enteric.</td>
+<td class="td-right">8-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13989</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. J. King</td>
+<td class="td-center">"</td>
+<td class="td-right">4-3-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">3 B.G.H.</td>
+<td>Hakameyeh Cemetery, Grave No. D-9.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/14009</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. G. Carson</td>
+<td class="td-center">Drowned.</td>
+<td class="td-right">13-1-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">The Field.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/14016</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Flynn</td>
+<td class="td-center">Enteric.</td>
+<td class="td-right">12-7-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">Amara.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/15105</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. E. Gay</td>
+<td class="td-center">Dysentery.</td>
+<td class="td-right">26-12-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">R. Boat P-53.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/15666</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. A. Bewick</td>
+<td class="td-center">Jaundice.</td>
+<td class="td-right">25-6-17</td>
+<td class="td-center">16 C.C. Station.</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">...</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">17512</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. C. Rattray</td>
+<td class="td-center">Dysentery.</td>
+<td class="td-right">7-12-16</td>
+<td class="td-center">32 B.G.H.</td>
+<td>Amara Cemetery, Plot C, Row 4, No. 9.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page145" name="page145"></a>(p. 145)</span>
+
+<p class="p2 center"><i>Nominal Roll of W.Os., N.C.Os., and men of the 2nd Battalion
+reported 'Missing' or 'Wounded and missing' during the service
+of that Unit in I.E.F. "D".</i><br>
+(up to 31st July 1917).</p>
+
+<table  border="0" cellpadding="1" summary="Missing">
+<colgroup>
+    <col width="9%">
+    <col width="1%">
+    <col width="30%">
+    <col width="10%">
+    <col width="50%">
+</colgroup>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">Regimenta No.</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Rank and Name.</td>
+<td class="td-center">Coy.</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7159</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/C. Beattie, L.</td>
+<td class="td-center">4</td>
+<td>Missing, 7-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/5192</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Black, W.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>W. and M., 7-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/5198</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Dixon, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10496</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/C. Haig, W.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/2483</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Hutchison, G.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">9661</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. McConville, T.</td>
+<td class="td-center">4</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7753</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Menelaws, G.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Missing, 7-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10323</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Miller, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>W. and M., 7-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8005</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Nicholson, T.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Missing, 7-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/2901</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Smith, C.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7159</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Wilson, G.</td>
+<td class="td-center">4</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7056</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/C. Carmichael, B.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Missing, 8-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">8408</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>C.Q.M.S. Jessop, A.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">2718</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. McKnight, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1110</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Duncan, D.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.Died a Prisoner of War at Mosul, 1-3-16.<br></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8257</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Campbell, H.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>W. and M., 13-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1891</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Kerwin, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Missing, 13-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8730</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Rodger, A.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>W. and M., 13-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8319</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Armstrong, G.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>W. and M., 21-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/3389</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Bain, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Missing, 21-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/9034</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Barnes, C.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1166</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Baxter, F.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1862</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/C. Birse, A.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>W. and M., 21-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8750</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Bradie, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Missing, 21-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8496</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Cairns, W.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8912</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Chapman, A.</td>
+<td class="td-center">4</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8417</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Crerar, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7104</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Dalziell, G.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1234</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Docherty, N.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/2872</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Dunleavy, A.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8874</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Fairfull, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">166</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>A/C. Gair, M.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/2282</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Garland, P.</td>
+<td class="td-center">4</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">10475</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Grey, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8452</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Hamilton, D.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">9260</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Sgt. Humm, T.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>W. and M., 21-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">10338</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Ireland, G.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>Missing, 21-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10161</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. James, G.</td>
+<td class="td-center">4</td>
+<td>W. and M., 21-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10147</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Law, S.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Missing, 21-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10337</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Leach, R.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1084</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. McBride. G.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/3984</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. McComb, A.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">SRA/10442</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. McKenzie, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">4</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7574</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Matheson, P.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/2941</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/C. Menzies, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">4</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7936</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Mitchell, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8688</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Mitchell, W.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1921</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>A/C. Murray, R.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10207</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>A/S. Newton, R.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>W. and M., 21-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8494</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Ormiston, T.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">887</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>C.S.M. Oswald, W.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Missing, 21-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1802</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Paton, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">10501</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Pollock, D.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7120</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Rennie, S.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">659</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Robertson, N.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1605</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>A/C. Shand, D.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">634</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Shaw, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>W. and M., 21-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/3970</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Sim, D.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Missing, 21-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7658</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/C. Spriggs, W.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>W. and M., 21-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">8/3854</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/C. Swan, T.</td>
+<td class="td-center">4</td>
+<td>Missing, 21-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8880</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Thomson, P.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7621</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Vanbeick, A.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8744</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Weatherspoon, R.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">10242</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Westrop, W.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8932</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Whyte D.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>W. and M., 21-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/6733</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Wilkins, E.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Missing, 21-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1989</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Wilson, R.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7902</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Worthington, H.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>W. and M., 21-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10029</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Irving, R.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Missing, 28-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7032</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Cpl. Cumming, G.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>W. and M., 6-4-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10576</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Barbour, W.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Missing, 22-4-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">8/11800</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Beattie, G.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">898</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Beveridge, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10641</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Buchan, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10579</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Campbell, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">682</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Carr, A.</td>
+<td class="td-center">4</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/9850</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Churchard, R.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>W. and M., 22-4-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10563</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Clark, T.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Missing, 22-4-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/4235</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Cranson, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Missing, 22-4-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/9562</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Currie, W.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8638</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Fleming, W.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Missing, 22-4-16.<br>Officially reported killed in action, 22/4.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10581</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Ford, W.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>Missing, 22-4-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10560</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Gouge, F.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/8960</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Cpl. Green, H.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/8594</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Hamilton, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10671</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Hamilton, D.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10644</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Henderson, W.</td>
+<td class="td-center">4</td>
+<td>W. and M., 22-4-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11758</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Kirkham, W.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Missing, 22-4-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/9501</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Lauchlan, W.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10568</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Low, W.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11966</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. McCarthy, A.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10135</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. McGlennon, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/4223</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. McGregor, A.</td>
+<td class="td-center">4</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10662</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. McLaren, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1889</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. McLean, R.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">2635</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Marshall, D.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/4379</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Marshall, G.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/7697</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Montgomery, H.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11286</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Morgan, G.</td>
+<td class="td-center">4</td>
+<td>W. and M., 22-4-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/3346</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Morrison, D.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Missing, 22-4-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">8166</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Morrison, S.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10536</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/C. Ramsay, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11751</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Russell, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11557</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Smith, A.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11753</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Smith, E.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/3708</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Sinclair, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11390</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Stewart, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11607</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Styles, S.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">1459</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/C. Torrance, G.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/4076</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Walker, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>W. and M., 22-4-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">7908</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>C.S.M. Wilkie, A.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Missing, 22-4-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">2772</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Whyte, R.</td>
+<td class="td-center">4</td>
+<td>Missing, 22-4-16.<br>Officially accepted as having died between 22-4-16 and 2-2-17.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/4239</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Wilson, R.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Missing, 22-4-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10674</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Wilson, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Missing, 22-4-17.<br> Officially reported killed in action, 22-4-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10668</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Wilson, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Missing, 22-4-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/10540</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/C. Wood, C.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Missing, 22-4-16.<br> Officially reported killed in action, 22-4-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/15657</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Carlyle, W.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Missing, 14-3-17.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">15613</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Cook, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>W. and M. 14-3-17.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">3/10222</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Harris, A.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11776</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Hewitt, G.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11307</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>L/C. Hutchison, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/15892</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Jennings, R.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/15080</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Watt, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">4</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/13905</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Batchelor, C.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>Missing, 21-4-17.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11835</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Burnett, W.</td>
+<td class="td-center">3</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/3569</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Campbell, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">4</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">17494</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Gilfillan, T.</td>
+<td class="td-center">2</td>
+<td>Do.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="td-center">&mdash;&mdash;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><span class="add2em">TOTAL</span></td>
+<td class="td-center">125</td>
+<td>Of whom 4 have now been officially reported as died or killed in action.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<table  border="0" cellpadding="1" summary="Total missing">
+<colgroup>
+    <col width="10%">
+    <col width="10%">
+    <col width="20%">
+    <col width="10%">
+    <col width="50%">
+</colgroup>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3">Total Missing, battle of 7th Jan. 1916</td>
+<td class="td-right">11</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="add2em">Do.</span></td>
+<td><span class="add2em">do.</span></td>
+<td>13th January 1916</td>
+<td class="td-right">3</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="add2em">Do.</span></td>
+<td><span class="add2em">do.</span></td>
+<td>21st January 1916</td>
+<td class="td-right">50</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="add2em">Do.</span></td>
+<td><span class="add2em">do.</span></td>
+<td>22nd April 1916</td>
+<td class="td-right">44</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="add2em">Do.</span></td>
+<td><span class="add2em">do.</span></td>
+<td>14th March 1917</td>
+<td class="td-right">7</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="add2em">Do.</span></td>
+<td><span class="add2em">do.</span></td>
+<td>21st April 1917</td>
+<td class="td-right">4</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3">Missing, various dates</td>
+<td class="td-right">6</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page152" name="page152"></a>(p. 152)</span>
+<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Prisoners of War.</span></p>
+
+<table  border="0" cellpadding="1" summary="Casualties">
+<colgroup>
+    <col width="9%">
+    <col width="1%">
+    <col width="20%">
+    <col width="10%">
+    <col width="60%">
+</colgroup>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="td-center">Regimental No.</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="td-center">Rank and Name</td>
+<td class="td-center">Coy.</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">SRA/10254</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Cottle, T.</td>
+<td class="td-center">1</td>
+<td>Pris. of War, Mosul.<br>Captured, 7-1-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">S/11543</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. McDonald, G.</td>
+<td class="td-center">..</td>
+<td>Pris. of War, Afion Kara Hissar, Captured 22-4-16.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="td-right">SRA/10062</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Pte. Debnam, J.</td>
+<td class="td-center">4</td>
+<td>Captured, 21-1-16.<br>Released in September 1916 and invalided to India.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page153" name="page153"></a>(p. 153)</span>
+<h4><span class="smcap">General Head Quarters.</span><br>
+I.E.F. "D."<br>
+ORDER OF THE DAY, No. 53.</h4>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p>After a period of severe and strenuous fighting extending with only
+short pauses over a period of two months, I wish to express to the
+Navy, to Lieut.-Generals Marshall and Cobb, to the Divisional and
+Brigade Commanders, to the staffs including my own and to all ranks of
+the fighting troops, my warmest thanks for their splendid work and my
+congratulations on their brilliant successes. To the Regimental
+Officers, N.C.Os. and men, a special word is due for their matchless
+heroism and fighting spirit, and for their grit and determination so
+fully in accord with the best traditions of British and Indian
+Regiments. Whilst regretting deeply the casualties necessarily
+incurred in the attainment of our object, the series of stinging blows
+dealt to the enemy, his severe losses which are out of all proportion
+to the size of his force and his obviously faltering spirit afford
+ample proof to all ranks that their sacrifices have not been made in
+vain. My thanks too are due to Major-General MacMunn, to the Director
+and their assistants and to all ranks of the Administrative Services
+and Departments, both in the field and on the lines of communication
+who in face of unexampled difficulties have by sterling work and
+energy risen superior to them and regularly met the needs of the
+fighting troops with ample supplies, stores and munitions without
+which the loss of lives would have been considerably <span class="pagenum"><a id="page154" name="page154"></a>(p. 154)</span>
+increased and success rendered impossible, and have been the means of
+providing every comfort, attainable for the sick and wounded. To each
+and every member of the Navy and Army and to those who, though not
+belonging to either of the services have helped to bring about the
+results achieved I tender my earnest thanks for their wholehearted and
+magnificent efforts. The end is not yet; but with such absolute
+co-operation and vigour animating all continuance of our success is
+assured.</p>
+
+<p class="left50">
+(<span class="smcap">Sd.</span>) F. S. Maude, Lieut.-Gent.,<br>
+<span class="left10"><i>Commanding I.E.F. "D."</i></span></p>
+
+<p><i>15th February 1917.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="third">
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">General Head Quarters.</span><br>
+I.E.F. "D."<br>
+ORDER OF THE DAY, No. 64.</h4>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p>I have received the following message from His Imperial Majesty the
+King-Emperor:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="quote">"March 11th.&mdash;It is with greatest satisfaction that I have
+     received the good news that you have occupied Baghdad. I heartily
+     congratulate you and your troops on the success achieved under so
+     many difficulties.<br>
+&mdash;George R.I."</p>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p>I have sent the following reply:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "March 12th.&mdash;Your Imperial Majesty's gracious message has been
+     communicated to all ranks of the forces serving in Mesopotamia by
+     whom it has been received with feelings of intense gratitude,
+     loyalty and devotion. The difficulties by which we have been
+     confronted have only increased our determination to surmount
+     them."
+</p>
+
+
+<p>The <span class="pagenum"><a id="page155" name="page155"></a>(p. 155)</span> following are some of the other messages received and
+replies sent:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>From His Excellency the Viceroy of India:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "March 13th.&mdash;My most hearty congratulations to yourself and the
+     troops under your command on the capture of Baghdad which has
+     been achieved by their gallantry and devotion to duty."</p>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "March 14th.&mdash;Your Excellency's kind message has been received
+     with sincere gratitude by all ranks of the forces in Mesopotamia.
+     Nothing could have exceeded the valour and endurance of the
+     troops both British and Indian under trying conditions."
+</p>
+
+<hr class="third">
+
+<p>From The Grand Duke Nicholas:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "March 10th.&mdash;I and the Caucasus Army send heartiest
+     congratulations on the new success won by the glorious troops
+     under your command. The Caucasus Army will do all in their power
+     to further your developments and successes."</p>
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "March 12th.&mdash;On behalf of the troops serving in Mesopotamia I
+     beg to thank your Imperial Highness very warmly for kind message
+     which is much appreciated by us all. Our Russian comrades in
+     Caucasus may rest assured that we shall continue to do our utmost
+     to assist their operations already so successfully commenced."
+</p>
+
+<hr class="third">
+
+<p>From the Right Hon'ble the Secretary of State for War:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "March 13th.&mdash;His Majesty's Government desire me to convey to you
+     and all ranks under your command their cordial congratulations on
+     the noble feat of arms which <span class="pagenum"><a id="page156" name="page156"></a>(p. 156)</span> has led to your occupation
+     of Baghdad. They fully recognise the difficulties which you have
+     faced and overcome and wish to express their high appreciation of
+     the skilful plan of operations, the careful co-ordination of the
+     administrative work and the courage and endurance of the troops."
+</p>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "March 14th.&mdash;Your message conveying approbation of His Majesty's
+     Government with respect to our efforts has been received with
+     widespread pleasure by all ranks of the forces in Mesopotamia.
+     The difficulties by which we were met were soon swept aside by
+     the dauntless valour and endurance of the troops ably seconded by
+     the thorough and smooth working of the administrative services."
+</p>
+
+<hr class="third">
+
+<p>From His Excellency the Commander-in-Chief in India:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "March 12th.&mdash;To you and your gallant troops I desire to convey
+     my own and the warmest congratulations of all ranks in India on
+     your splendid achievements. The valour, devotion to duty and
+     determination which have defeated a stubborn enemy and culminated
+     in the capture of Baghdad evoke our highest admiration."</p>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "March 14th.&mdash;All ranks of the forces in Mesopotamia thank Your
+     Excellency most warmly for your most kind message. It is a
+     particular source of satisfaction to us to feel that our efforts
+     are appreciated so thoroughly by our comrades in India. British
+     and Indian troops have vied with each other in valour and
+     endurance and difficulties met with have only stimulated our
+     determination to surmount them."
+</p>
+
+<hr class="third">
+
+<p>From <span class="pagenum"><a id="page157" name="page157"></a>(p. 157)</span> Admiral Sir David Beatty, G.C.B., K.C.V.O., D.S.O.:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "March 12th.&mdash;Please accept, on behalf of the Grand Fleet and
+     myself, our admiration and congratulations upon the magnificent
+     achievement in capturing Baghdad by the gallant forces under your
+     command."</p>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "March 14th.&mdash;Your message has been received with widespread
+     pleasure by all ranks of the forces in Mesopotamia. During
+     operations the Navy has, as usual, played its part nobly. We are
+     particularly proud at receiving congratulations from the Grand
+     Fleet, which has itself done much superb work consistently during
+     past two and a half years."
+</p>
+
+<hr class="third">
+
+<p>From Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, G.C.B., G.C.V.O., K.C.I.E.,
+Commander-in-Chief Armies in France:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "March 16th.&mdash;Your brilliant achievements and continued successes
+     are a great delight and a great encouragement to all ranks under
+     my command."</p>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "March 16th.&mdash;Most grateful for kind message&mdash;much valued."
+</p>
+
+<hr class="third">
+
+<p>From Vice-Admiral Sir Rosslyn E. Wemyss, K.C.B., C.M.G., M.V.O., Naval
+Commander-in-Chief, British East Indies:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "March 14th.&mdash;Please accept hearty congratulations of self and
+     whole of Indian Squadron on your splendid success. I am proud to
+     think that the Royal Navy has been able to co-operate with your
+     troops."</p>
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "March <span class="pagenum"><a id="page158" name="page158"></a>(p. 158)</span> 16th.&mdash;Most grateful to you and East Indies
+     Squadron for kind message. Royal Navy here have co-operated with
+     our operations brilliantly."</p>
+
+<hr class="third">
+
+<p>From General Sir Archibald Murray, K.C.B., K.C.M.G., C.V.O., D.S.O.,
+Commander-in-Chief, Egyptian Expeditionary force:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "Your splendid series of successes are being watched with the
+     profoundest delight and gratification by all ranks of the
+     Egyptian Force. Bridging operations must have been grandly
+     carried out. Once more our heartiest congratulations."</p>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "Most grateful for kind message. All ranks appreciate it,
+     especially coming as it does from a Commander and troops who have
+     themselves done so brilliantly. Our troops here have been quite
+     magnificent."
+</p>
+
+<hr class="third">
+
+<p>From Lieut.-General G. F. Milne, C.B., D.S.O., Commander-in-Chief
+British Forces at Salonika:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "March 12th.&mdash;Hearty congratulations to you and your Army from
+     all ranks of the Salonika Force."
+</p>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "March 13th.&mdash;We all thank you very warmly for kind message."
+</p>
+
+<hr class="third">
+
+<p>From Major-General A. R. Hoskins, C.M.G., D.S.O., Commanding East
+African Force:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "March 13th.&mdash;Hearty congratulations from all ranks East African
+     Force to Mesopotamian Force on brilliant achievements."
+</p>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "March 16th.&mdash;Most grateful for kind message much appreciated by
+     us all."
+</p>
+
+<hr class="third">
+
+<p>From <span class="pagenum"><a id="page159" name="page159"></a>(p. 159)</span> the Right Hon'ble the Lord Mayor of London:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "March 13th.&mdash;The City of London sends hearty congratulations on
+     the capture of the historic City of Baghdad."
+</p>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "March 14th.&mdash;Your Lordship's kind message conveying
+     congratulations of the City of London is very warmly appreciated
+     by all ranks of the forces in Mesopotamia. Qualities of courage
+     and endurance displayed by troops throughout operations have been
+     superb."
+</p>
+
+<p class="left50">
+  F. S. MAUDE, <i>Lieut.-General</i>,<br>
+  Commanding Indian Expeditionary Force "D."</p>
+
+<p><i>30th March 1917.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="third">
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">General Head Quarters.</span><br>
+I.E.F. "D."<br>
+ORDER OF THE DAY, No. 66.</h4>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p>In pursuance of the authority delegated to me by His Imperial Majesty
+the King-Emperor, I make the following awards for gallantry and
+distinguished service in the field:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Awarded the Military Cross.</i></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Captain Robert Macfarlane</span>&mdash;For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to
+duty. Although wounded early in the action he continued to lead his
+Company with great determination until the evening, when the position
+was finally taken by a bayonet charge. With great courage and skill he
+led his Company up to a position from which he was able to enfilade
+the enemy at close range, thereby greatly assisting the charge.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Second-lieutenant <span class="pagenum"><a id="page160" name="page160"></a>(p. 160)</span> Benjamin Smith Houston</span>,&mdash;For conspicuous
+gallantry and ability in leading the second line of his battalion with
+excellent judgment under heavy fire. After reinforcing the first line
+he took command of the left portion of it including some 60 men of an
+Indian Infantry regiment who were without an officer and led them on
+during the charge and subsequent advance on the railway station. He
+had recently done fine work when in command of a patrol.</p>
+
+
+<p class="center"><i>Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal.</i></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">No. 1081, Sergeant James Strachan</span>&mdash;For conspicuous gallantry and
+ability in action. When all four of his Company Officers had been
+wounded, he took command of the left flank of the battalion. He ably
+directed their fire and later led forward what remained of his company
+across the open and drove the enemy out of his position taking some
+prisoners.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">No. 19438, Lance-corporal George McGabe</span>,&mdash;For conspicuous gallantry
+and resource during operations. Seeing that a gap existed between an
+Indian Regiment and his own, and that the former in this locality had
+lost all their officers, he took charge of their Lewis guns and filled
+the gap. Later, he was conspicuous for his gallantry in leading the
+Indian Infantrymen in the charge across the open.</p>
+
+
+<p class="center"><i>Awarded the Military Medal.</i></p>
+
+<p>No. 2262, <span class="smcap">Sergeant Frank Connel</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="left50">
+  F. S. MAUDE, <i>Lieut.-General</i>,<br>
+  Commanding I.E.F. "D".</p>
+
+<p><i>31st March 1917.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="third">
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">General Head Quarters.</span> <span class="pagenum"><a id="page161" name="page161"></a>(p. 161)</span><br>
+I.E.F. "D."<br>
+
+ORDER OF THE DAY, No. 76.</h4>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p>His Imperial Majesty the King-Emperor, has conveyed the following
+message to me:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "May 8th.&mdash;The series of successes achieved in defeating the
+     Turkish Forces brought against you since your capture of Baghdad
+     reflect the very highest credit upon you and all ranks under your
+     command. Your progress is all the more appreciated by your fellow
+     countrymen in that they are conscious of the trying conditions
+     under which your troops have fought.&mdash;George R.I."
+</p>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p>The following reply has been sent by me:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "May 9th.&mdash;Your Imperial Majesty's gracious message expressing
+     approbation of our recent successes has filled all ranks of the
+     Navy and Army in Mesopotamia with loyal enthusiasm. The valour
+     and devotion to duty of the troops conscious of their superiority
+     over the enemy have been superb, whilst in spite of great heat
+     recently experienced their health remains most satisfactory."
+</p>
+
+<hr class="third">
+
+<p>From the Right Hon'ble the Secretary of State for War:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "May 8th.&mdash;War Cabinet desire me to convey their high
+     appreciation of your recent operations which have resulted in the
+     defeat of the enemy's forces and the successful occupation of the
+     greater part of the Baghdad Vilayat. The splendid spirit and
+     gallantry displayed by the troops under trying climatic
+     conditions and the skill <span class="pagenum"><a id="page162" name="page162"></a>(p. 162)</span> shown by your subordinate
+     commanders merit high commendation and are a proof of the
+     efficiency and devotion to duty of all ranks of the force under
+     your command."
+</p>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p class="quote">
+     "May 9th.&mdash;Your telegram conveying approval of War Cabinet at
+     success of our recent operations is greatly appreciated by all
+     ranks in Mesopotamia. Fighting spirit and endurance of troops
+     have been admirable throughout in spite of great heat recently."
+</p>
+
+<p class="left50">
+  F. S. MAUDE, <i>Lieut.-General</i>,<br>
+  Commanding Indian Expeditionary Force "D."</p>
+
+<p><i>11th May 1917.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="third">
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">General Head Quarters.</span><br>
+I.E.F. "D."<br>
+ORDER OF THE DAY, No. 82.</h4>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p>In pursuance of the authority delegated to me by His Imperial Majesty
+the King-Emperor, I make the following award for gallantry and
+distinguished service in the field:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Awarded a Bar to Distinguished Conduct Medal.</i></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">No. 1543, Sergeant Charles Easton</span>.&mdash;For conspicuous gallantry in
+action. Seeing that an officer had been hit some 80 yards in front of
+his post and was unable to move owing to continuous sniping, he ran
+forward, dressed his wounds, and got him back to the river bank. As
+sniping still continued, he swam the river, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page163" name="page163"></a>(p. 163)</span> supporting the
+wounded Officer, and gained the other bank. Had the Officer not been
+moved, he must again have been hit by the enemy's snipers who were
+within 300 yards.</p>
+
+<p class="left50">
+  F. S. MAUDE, <i>Lieut.-General</i>,<br>
+  Commanding Indian Expeditionary Force "D."</p>
+
+<p><i>17th June 1917.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="third">
+
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">General Head Quarters.</span><br>
+MESOPOTAMIAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE.<br>
+ORDER OF THE DAY, No. 96.</h4>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p>In pursuance of the authority delegated to me by His Imperial Majesty
+the King-Emperor, I make the following awards for gallantry and
+distinguished service in connection with operations in the field
+covering the period April 1st to September 30th, 1917, inclusive.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Awarded Second Bar to Distinguished Conduct Medal.</i></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">No. 2702, Sergeant William Logan</span>.&mdash;For conspicuous gallantry and
+ability. At a critical moment he led forward a party of bombers under
+heavy fire and controlled them with great skill until wounded. By his
+courage and coolness he materially assisted in repelling a
+counter-attack and in re-taking a redoubt, [Awarded D.C.M., <i>London
+Gazette</i>, 20th October, 1916, Bar to D.C.M., <i>London Gazette</i>, 29th
+August, 1917].</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal.</i></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">No. 3-2377, Private George Beveridge</span>.&mdash;For conspicuous gallantry and
+initiative. He repeatedly carried messages back from the firing line
+under heavy fire <span class="pagenum"><a id="page164" name="page164"></a>(p. 164)</span> and, at a critical moment, rallied his
+comrades after a counter-attack and led them to the final capture of
+the position. His courage and dash were most marked.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">No. 2334, Private Joseph Clark</span>.&mdash;For conspicuous gallantry and
+devotion to duty. He displayed great resource and initiative in
+re-organising both British and Indian troops after a counter-attack,
+in time to meet successfully a second one. His bravery and coolness
+throughout the day greatly encouraged his men. He has done fine work
+on other occasions.</p>
+
+<hr class="third">
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">General Head Quarters.</span><br>
+MESOPOTAMIAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE.<br>
+ORDER OF THE DAY. No. 102.</h4>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p>The following extract from the <i>London Gazette</i> is published for
+general information:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>His Majesty the King has been graciously pleased to approve of the
+award of the Victoria Cross to the undermentioned Officers,
+Non-commissioned Officers and Men:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<p class="center">WAR OFFICE,<br>
+<i>26th November 1917.</i></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">No. 871, Private Charles Melvin</span>, Highlander Regiment
+(<i>Kirriemuir</i>).&mdash;For most conspicuous bravery, coolness and resource
+in action. Pte. Melvin's Company had advanced to within fifty yards of
+the front-line trench of a redoubt, where, owing to the intensity of
+the enemy's fire, the men were obliged to lie down and wait for
+reinforcements. Pte. Melvin, however, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page165" name="page165"></a>(p. 165)</span> rushed on by himself,
+over ground swept from end to end by rifle and machine gun fire. On
+reaching the enemy trench, he halted and fired two or three shots into
+it, killing one or two enemy, but as the others in the trench
+continued to fire at him, he jumped into it, and attacked them with
+his bayonet in his hand, as owing to his rifle being damaged, it was
+not "fixed." On being attacked in this resolute manner most of the
+enemy fled to their second line, but not before Pte. Melvin had killed
+two more and succeeded in disarming eight unwounded and one wounded.
+Pte. Melvin bound up the wounds of the wounded man, and then driving
+his eight unwounded prisoners before him, and supporting the wounded
+one he hustled them out of the trench, marched them in and delivered
+them over to an officer. He then provided himself with a load of
+ammunition and returned to the firing line where he reported himself
+to his platoon sergeant. All this was done, not only under intense
+rifle and machine gun fire, but the whole way back Pte. Melvin and his
+party were exposed to a very heavy artillery barrage fire. Throughout
+the day Pte. Melvin greatly inspired those near him with confidence
+and courage.</p>
+
+<p class="left50">
+  W. R. MARSHALL, <i>Lieut.-General</i>,<br>
+  <span class="add2em">Commanding-in-Chief,</span><br>
+  Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">General Headquarters</span>,<br>
+<span class="add2em"><i>6th March 1918.</i></span></p>
+
+
+<p class="center">Printed and published by E. G. Pearson at the Times Press,
+Bombay&mdash;2519'18</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of With a Highland Regiment in Mesopotamia, by 
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+</body>
+</html>
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+Project Gutenberg's With a Highland Regiment in Mesopotamia, by Anonymous
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: With a Highland Regiment in Mesopotamia
+       1916--1917
+
+Author: Anonymous
+
+Release Date: July 19, 2007 [EBook #22103]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HIGHLAND REGIMENT IN MESOPOTAMIA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Michael Ciesielski, Christine P. Travers and
+the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's note: Obvious printer's errors have been corrected, all
+other inconsistencies are as in the original. Author's spelling has
+been maintained.]
+
+
+
+
+                         WITH A HIGHLAND
+
+                    REGIMENT IN MESOPOTAMIA
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: General Sir Stanley Maude And His Staff, Baghdad, 1917.
+_Frontispiece._]
+
+
+
+
+                             WITH A
+                        HIGHLAND REGIMENT
+                         IN MESOPOTAMIA
+
+                           1916-1917
+
+                               BY
+                        ONE OF ITS OFFICERS
+
+
+
+
+                             BOMBAY
+                         THE TIMES PRESS
+                              1918
+
+
+
+
+                               TO
+               THE CHILDREN OF THE OFFICERS AND MEN
+                       OF THE ---- REGIMENT
+
+               BRIEFLY DESCRIBING THE DOINGS OF THE
+                   2ND BATTALION IN MESOPOTAMIA
+              WRITTEN SO THAT THEY MAY NOT FORGET THE
+             HARDSHIPS ENDURED AND THE SACRIFICES WHICH
+                  HAVE BEEN MADE ON THEIR BEHALF
+                            1916-1917.
+
+
+
+
+AUTHOR'S NOTE.
+
+
+In writing this short account of the 2nd Battalion in Mesopotamia, my
+aim has not been to write a military history of all that was achieved;
+that will be the task of some one more competent to judge of merits
+and demerits than myself. My object has been to give an account in
+simple language of the two years spent by the Battalion in the Iraq,
+so that the children of the men of the regiment may know of the brave
+deeds and the hardships cheerfully borne on their behalf.
+
+Two articles describing our last two battles are here reprinted with
+the permission of Brigadier-General A. G. Wauchope, from whom I have
+also received many details of our earlier fights, and I am also
+indebted for information to Captains J. Macqueen, W. E. Blair, W. A.
+Young, Sergeant-Major W. S. Clark, and other officers of the
+Battalion.
+
+   MESOPOTAMIA,
+  _October, 1917._
+
+
+
+
+_Telegram from_
+
+HIS MAJESTY THE KING.
+
+Received by Colonel A. G. WAUCHOPE, D.S.O., Commanding, 2nd
+Battalion--January 1917.
+
+
+I thank you, Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers and men, for the card
+of New Year's greetings.
+
+I have followed the work of the Battalion with great interest. I know
+how well all ranks have done, what they have suffered, and that they
+will ever maintain the glorious tradition of the Regiment.
+
+                                        GEORGE, R.I.,
+                                             _Colonel-in-Chief_.
+
+
+
+
+_Order by G. O. C., ---- Division._
+
+I cannot speak too highly of the splendid gallantry of the
+----Highlanders, aided by a party of the ---- Jats, in storming the
+Turkish Trenches.
+
+Their noble achievement is one of the highest.
+
+They showed qualities of endurance and courage under circumstances so
+adverse, as to be almost phenomenal.
+
+                                        SIR GEORGE YOUNGHUSBAND,
+                                            Commanding ---- Division.
+
+After the action fought on the 21st January 1916 on the Tigris the
+above was published.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Letter to O. C. 2nd Battalion ----._
+
+Tell the men of your battalion that they have given, in the advance to
+the relief of Kut, brilliant examples of cool courage, and hard and
+determined fighting which could not be surpassed.
+
+                                        SIR PERCY LAKE,
+                                   Commanding the Army in Mesopotamia.
+_July, 1916._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_General Munro, C.-in-C, Indian Army, addressing the ---- Regiment,
+Tigris Front--October 1916._
+
+Your reputation is well known, I need say nothing more.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+To the ---- Regiment.
+
+_From Sir Stanley Maude, Army Commander--March 1917._
+
+You led the way into Baghdad, and to lead and be first is the proper
+place for your Regiment.
+
+
+
+
+WITH A HIGHLAND REGIMENT IN MESOPOTAMIA.
+
+CHAPTER 1.
+
+
+At the outbreak of war, the 2nd Battalion ---- was stationed at
+Bareilly, having been in India since the end of the South African War.
+Of the fighting in that campaign, the 2nd Battalion had had its full
+share. At first it formed part of General Wauchope's Highland Brigade
+and fought with traditional stubbornness at Magersfontein and
+Paadeburg, and later on identified its name with many of the captures
+and some of the hardest marches of that campaign.
+
+On the mobilisation of the Indian Corps, the 2nd Battalion formed part
+of a Brigade of the ----th Division and landed in France early in
+October 1914, and were in the trenches holding part of the line near
+Festubert before the end of the month. At no time, except in the early
+months of 1916 in Mesopotamia, was the Battalion so severely tried as
+in these first two months in France. The conditions certainly were
+comfortable neither to mind or body. The trenches were knee deep in
+mud and water, and were without dug-outs or shelters; the enemy were
+in great numbers and combined their aggressive tactics with the use of
+trench mortars and grenades, weapons of which we had neither knowledge
+nor training; of rest for man or officer there was little, yet no
+yard of trench entrusted to the Battalion was ever lost either in
+France or Mesopotamia. With the spring came better times, and at Neuve
+Chappelle a fine victory was won at small cost, but on the 9th of May
+the Battalion suffered heavily in making an attack from the Orchard in
+front of the Rue-de-Bois. Often and with pleasure have we in the Iraq
+looked back on that summer spent in Picardy. Scouts and snipers,
+machine gunners and bombers, we all have different memories of those
+stirring days as the battalion moved from month to month along the
+trenches from Givenchy Hill to Northward of Laventie; and of the days
+of rest in billets behind Bethune, Richebourg and the Rue de Paradis;
+memories of close comradeship, of well-loved friends, of most noble
+deeds and of lives freely given for King and Country. But the day we
+recall now and shall ever recall as the red letter day of the year is
+the 21st of September. Five battalions of the Regiment joined that day
+in the battle of Loos, and though separated in the line, at one in
+spirit, all five battalions swept forward regardless of loss, driving
+the enemy from their trenches, captured line after line of the
+position and penetrated deep into the German defences.
+
+The 2nd and 4th Battalions had attacked together from Fauguissart and,
+in reaching the Moulin de Pictre, an advance of two miles made with
+little support on either left flank or right, the losses had been so
+severe that the two battalions were afterwards amalgamated into one
+under the command of Colonel Wauchope. These two battalions, in
+conjunction with another Highland Regiment under Colonel Thompson,
+despite several attacks and four mines being blown up within our
+first line, held Givenchy Hill throughout October. Then, when the
+Germans quieted down in this neighbourhood, we returned to our old
+line near the Rue de Bois. There rumour had it that the Indian Corps
+was soon to be sent to Mesopotamia. Some welcomed the idea of change,
+no one looked forward to another four months of the mud of Flanders.
+Almost everyone who did not know imagined that they would be giving up
+every discomfort which the winter brought for a pic-nic in the East,
+and a quick, successful and enjoyable march to Baghdad, and so when
+the rumours were confirmed, the whole battalion was in great spirits.
+Some obtained short leave to say 'Good-Bye' to their friends across
+the channel before leaving for the East, where there would be no short
+visits home, no getting letters and parcels daily, but the Regiment
+had gained great honour beneath foreign skies, so probably it was
+going to add to them even if it was only establishing marching records
+along the Tigris to their goal at Baghdad. Besides, was not Townshend
+and his gallant force in danger in Kut? And the idea of forming part
+of the relieving column appealed to every man.
+
+So at the end of November the Regiment entrained behind that long
+Western Front where they had fought for so many months against such
+terrific odds, and where so many gallant comrades lay buried, and
+everyone was happy, and no one thought that within a few short weeks
+the battalion would practically cease to exist. Before they arrived in
+France, many had never left the shores of Great Britain, and now they
+were embarking on an Expedition that would reveal to them some of the
+wonders of the East. Is it any wonder, under those circumstances, that
+no one was downhearted?
+
+The train journey through the heart of France from the mud of the
+trenches, leaving the cold and cheerless days behind for the sunny
+south was full of interest, and of looking forward to what was in
+store. Marseilles, that busy Mediterranean Port which has seen such
+wonderful scenes of troops arriving from all parts of the world, and
+of all colours, naturally turned out to see the Regiment it had
+welcomed to defend its Frontiers a year before, and which was now
+en-route to defend and fight for the honour of the Allied cause three
+thousand miles away. And so on December the 6th, it was 'Good-Bye' to
+the pleasant land of France, and the Regiment embarked on the
+Transport nine hundred and fifty strong. Having suffered heavy
+casualties on the Western Front, few of the original number left
+France, bound for Basrah _via_ the Suez Canal.
+
+Before leaving, in appreciation of the stubborn fighting in the battle
+of Loos by the 2nd Battalion, the Cross of the Legion of Honour was
+conferred on the Commanding Officer, Colonel A. G. Wauchope, D.S.O.
+Never was an honour more richly deserved, never was the conferring of
+one more popular. No one who has not served in the Regiment can
+possibly be aware of what the Colonel has done to make his Battalion
+one of the most efficient in Mesopotamia. I was very interested in
+listening to a story told me by a brother officer who was standing
+alone in a traverse of a trench. Two Staff Officers were talking in
+the next traverse and he heard one remark: "Of course, out here at the
+present the Regiment is Wauchope, and Wauchope is the Regiment." It is
+a name most closely connected with the fortunes of the ---- Regiment.
+
+[Illustration: At The Base. Scene on a creek below Basrah.]
+
+[Illustration: Colonel A. G. WAUCHOPE, C.M.G., D.S.O., Commanding The
+2nd Battalion ----.]
+
+The journey was a pleasant one; the wonderful change from the damp
+depressing dug-out to a comfortable cabin was appreciated by the
+officers, and a dry and comfortable place to sleep in, instead of
+trying to sleep in the mud of a fire trench was welcomed by the men.
+
+The usual stay at Port Said after successfully evading the submarines,
+where the wily Arab fleeces the unsuspecting Tommy, was not without
+interest. The Padre tells an interesting story about how, when he was
+returning from home leave to the Regiment in India in 1913, he had his
+fortune told by one of the many fantastic liars that fatten on the
+stories they weave in this Eastern cesspool. The Fortune-teller told
+him that within a year he would be returning to Europe by the same
+canal. In those piping days of peace he never suspected that it would
+be with the regiment on Active Service but when almost to the day and
+within the year, he passed through Port Said on his way to France,
+this one saying at least of the Fortune-teller was forcibly brought
+home to his mind.
+
+Egypt in December is delightful, and more than one expressed the wish
+that for a time at all events they could be stationed in this most
+wonderful country. The Canal displayed enormous activity, there had
+been no such activity since the days when it was made. Thousands of
+Arabs and others toiled and died in making this great work. To-day the
+Canal is guarded by thousands of troops. Enormous camps have been
+established at different places, and Posts are in existence all along
+the waterway. It being so narrow, 3-worded conversations take place
+between the troops on the banks and the men on the Trooper. 'Who are
+you?' asked the men on the bank. When the reply is returned, shouts
+of 'Good Old Scotland' are raised ashore. Some asked, 'Where are you
+going!' 'Mesop' they say. 'Poor Devils', is the encouraging reply.
+Then some lonely soul asks if any of his Regiment are on board, and so
+it goes on all day. Some swim out from the shore and shout and talk,
+but one is chiefly impressed by the great number of men guarding this
+important waterway.
+
+[Illustration: Scenes On The Creeks Below Basrah.]
+
+[Illustration: G. J. ANDERSON. H. W. BRUCE, CAPT. A. M. GRIEVE, S. F.
+G. ALEXANDER, D. H. ANDERSON.]
+
+[Illustration: C. J. McCONAGHY.]
+
+[Illustration: C. J. McCONAGHY, Capt. A. M. GRIEVE, S. F. G.
+ALEXANDER, H. W. BRUCE.]
+
+At Suez a short stay is made. The water is a wonderful opal colour;
+the great Desert on our left, the barren rocks, sunburnt and bare on
+our right, help to make a fascinating picture. One remembers the first
+time one had passed through the Canal, years before in time of peace,
+and how one had been filled with admiration for the Medical Officer
+who came out to the Mail Boat to give it a clean bill of health to
+pass through the Canal, because she was a woman, and standing month
+after month of Suez summer weather, which proves too much for many
+men, leave alone women. But the stay is short and so as the Sun sets,
+making wonderful colouring over the Desert and sea, the journey down
+the Red Sea is commenced. The Red Sea in December is shorn of its
+terrors and can be quite enjoyable. Aden is passed, two or three days
+steaming along the inhospitable coast of Southern Arabia and the
+entrance of the Persian Gulf is reached. The Straits of Ormuz have the
+reputation of being one of the hottest places on earth. The rocky, and
+wild Arabian coast looks very beautiful in the sunshine with its
+innumerable islands, and the sea is a dead calm. For some hours the
+shores on our left are visible, then we steam, up along the Persian
+shore and get a good view of the barren, rocky mountain range
+running parallel with the coast. Those who have good glasses make out
+villages on the shore. The Captain is pestered with questions about
+the date and time of arrival at Basrah. Excitement is being felt
+again; one wonders what the news will be, and what has happened to
+General Townshend; and so at last anchor is dropped at the mouth of
+the Shatt-el-Arab at the head of the Persian Gulf. The two rivers
+Tigris and Euphrates join at a place called Kurnah, and from there to
+the sea the river is called 'Shatt-el-Arab.' Everyone is disappointed
+that there are no signs of land anywhere, and one wonders in which
+direction land lies. But what a relief it will be to get off the ship,
+how delightful to stretch one's legs ashore, as in spite of the good
+food, the sports and the usual joys of a trooper, it is impossible not
+to feel cramped and so once again everyone was rejoicing that the sea
+voyage was at an end. The shore is so low-lying that nothing could be
+seen of it as the transport had to anchor some miles off the mouth of
+the river. We had to transship to smaller boats to proceed to Basrah,
+about eighty miles inland. Transshipping is a long and tedious
+business but at last it is completed and we say farewell with a cheer
+to our transport, and the smaller boat steams towards the shore. In
+about half an hour we make out some palm trees and everyone is on the
+lookout for their first view of Mesopotamia. Slowly we approach the
+wide mouth of the river, successfully pass over the bar, and the new
+campaign for us has begun, and it is the last day of the year--31st
+December 1915.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+
+It takes about seven hours from the mouth of the river to Basrah. The
+journey up is of interest as none have been here before, and
+everything is new. Both sides of the river the banks are covered with
+palm trees, stretching inland for distances varying from 500 yards to
+three miles, and after that all is desert. We pass Abadan on our right
+where the pipes of the oil fields belonging to the Anglo-Persian Oil
+Coy. reach the river from Ahwaz. It has been said that the
+Mesopotamian Campaign was started in the first place to protect these
+oil-fields. One wonders now if it would have been advisable to protect
+them and hold Basrah only, and not push forward further inland. But it
+is easy to be wise after the event, and high politics, tactics and
+strategy do not form part of an account of the doings of the 2nd
+Battalion--so I must not be led astray. The river is very broad and is
+navigable for hundreds of miles. Mohammerah, the Persian town at the
+junction of the Shatt-el-Arab and Karun rivers, looked an interesting
+place. It is; as many months later I was fortunate enough to be able
+to spend some time there. The Sheikh of Mohammerah has proved a good
+friend to the British, and almost opposite his palace one can see the
+remains of the three steamers in the river which the Turks sunk in a
+vain endeavour to block the passage as they retreated; as good fortune
+or Providence would have it, one boat in sinking swung round and left
+the passage open. At Mohammerah is a big Convalescent Hospital
+for white as well as Indian troops. We noticed some large barrack
+looking houses on our left, one in particular, 'Beit Naama',
+attracting attention; but more about that later on as this
+establishment has now been turned into an hospital for officers. And
+so at last anchor is dropped off Basrah, as 'Ashar' is usually
+referred to as 'Basrah' by everyone out of the actual place. Was this
+the romantic spot from which Sinbad the Sailor started on his
+wonderful voyages?--was this the spot that so many have imagined must
+be one of the wonderful places of the East?--when they are thousands
+of miles away from it. A famous traveller has said, "that its European
+inhabitants only remain alive during the day through a perception of
+the humour of their situation, and by night through the agency of the
+prayers of their despairing relatives." For Basrah has the most
+malarial air, the most choleraic water, and the most infernal climate
+of any spot in the world outside 'Tophet.'
+
+[Illustration: The Padre.]
+
+[Illustration: The Quarter-master.]
+
+[Illustration: Everyday Scenes In Ashar.]
+
+[Illustration: Ashar Barracks.]
+
+[Illustration: Street Scenes In Ashar.]
+
+One Company of the Regiment had travelled out on a different
+transport--with another Highland unit and arrived a day or so in
+advance and were awaiting the arrival of the main body at Basrah. They
+were very interested in the place and were full of their adventures
+and of rumours. One thing was evident, one thing alone mattered,
+troops were needed, urgently needed, at the front; and we were at once
+ordered to proceed up river. The Regiment transshipped in midstream,
+not even having time to land, and were taken up by two river boats,
+with barges attached on either side.
+
+Not a man who made that journey and is still alive will ever forget
+the "P-7" or the "Salimi." The time since leaving France had not been
+wasted; everything that could possibly be done to keep the men fit and
+their minds active was done. Physical drill every morning, sports were
+got up, concerts,--the Colonel himself taking a big interest and share
+in everything that tended to the comfort of his men. At the best of
+times, life on a Troopship is a cramped existence, but in comparison
+to the up river voyages, it is a life of luxury. The world has been
+scoured for river boats for this campaign; steamers from the Nile, the
+Irrawady and the Thames are doing excellent work in carrying troops
+and supplies to the fighting line. Part of the river is so narrow that
+it is dangerous for paddle boats to attempt the journey without
+lighters attached as bumping into the sides of the bank the paddle
+boxes would be smashed. The trip up the river in January is by no
+means a pleasure one. It is not now! and it was much less so in
+January 1916. The nights are cold and in the early morning the river
+is lost in mist. At nights it is usually necessary to tie up at the
+side of the bank or to anchor in midstream. Only on bright moonlight
+nights, and not always then, can progress be made. The flood season on
+the Tigris is at its height about May and continues so till about the
+end of June. The river gradually falls in July and August and is at
+its lowest level during the months of September, October and November.
+It rises during the rains in December and January, sometimes as much
+as four or five feet, and this keeps the river fairly high during the
+following two months. In April the river rises still higher owing to
+the melting of the snow on the mountains in the north. These are
+the normal changes that come as regularly as winter follows autumn.
+There may be slight variations such as more rain one winter season
+than another, for instance, January 1916 was far wetter than January
+1917. There are occasional high floods owing to the rain, and in
+January 1896 the river rose eight feet in one night at Baghdad.
+
+[Illustration: Capt. MACQUEEN, R.A.M.C., On His Way To Europe.]
+
+[Illustration: Entrance To Ashar Barracks.]
+
+[Illustration: Basrah Barracks.]
+
+[Illustration: Arabs Enjoy An Al Fresco Meal Of Dates.]
+
+[Illustration: The Sheik Of Zobeir And His Son.]
+
+[Illustration: Arab Bazaar.]
+
+The men crowded on to the barges attached to the side of the paddle
+boats and of course everything was of interest, everything was new in
+this, the oldest country in the world. Because Kurnah at the junction
+of the Tigris and the Euphrates has the reputation of being the site
+of the Garden of Eden, many and various are the jokes which have been
+made against this most unfortunate of places by members of the
+Expeditionary Force, but all amount to the one thing--that Adam and
+Eve had very little to lose in being driven out, if it is unchanged
+since those days.
+
+The belt of Palm trees which so attracted our attention along the
+banks from the mouth of the Gulf to Basrah still continues, but they
+are thinning down very considerably and by the time Kurnah is reached
+the belt has no depth at all. There is no question of a halt, no
+question of a rest, "Push On" is the order of the day. It may seem
+somewhat absurd now, but it brings home to one the eagerness of all to
+share in the relief of Kut, that the first thing the Colonel did on
+landing at Basra was to wire to the Corps Commander at the front
+asking him to arrange for the Battalion to follow up the Relieving
+Column if it had passed Ali Garbi before the Regiment arrived.
+Regardless of risk, regardless of orders, urged on by the Colonel, the
+two steamers bearing the battalion pushed forward by night as by day
+for fear of not overtaking the Relieving Column. The winding of the
+river seemed interminable to those eager to be at the front, and there
+is little to relieve the monotony of the flat plain, save the
+colouring at dawn and dusk, and the appearance of a few mahelas
+floating down stream with their broad sails outspread to catch the
+north-west wind.
+
+At Kurnah the Palm belt ceases and only at odd places and around
+villages are trees again to be seen. One cannot fail to be struck with
+the enormous possibilities the country offers for cultivation if only
+properly irrigated. Thousands and thousands of acres of the best of
+soil, and everywhere as flat as Salisbury Plain.
+
+We now begin to see small Arab villages along the banks of the river;
+they look dirty and dilapidated. The Arabs look filthy, but some have
+very pleasant faces, and both men and women impress one with their
+strength. This campaign is of course not only an eye-opener to them
+but also a God-send. They beg and steal on every possible occasion and
+on going through the narrows a lot of amusement is obtained in
+bargaining with them. The troops crowd on to the barges, as they bump
+along the sides of the river banks which are only two or three feet
+higher than the barge, and buy from the Arab women and children
+running along the banks selling eggs and fowls; as the demand has
+risen the prices have also advanced, and whereas at the opening of the
+campaign one could buy a dozen eggs for fourpence, by January 1917, I
+have seen officers pay twopence each or more. It is scarcely safe to
+jump ashore, as any moment the boat may launch out again into the
+middle of the stream, but when tied up by the bank waiting for
+another boat to pass brisk business can be carried on. The boats going
+up usually give way to those coming down, as the ones coming down may
+have wounded and sick, and all must be done to get them down to
+hospital as soon as possible, and so the time passes. At one end of
+the Narrows is Ezra's Tomb, a building surmounted by a blue tiled
+dome, which is evidently of no very ancient origin. We were informed
+that the edifice had been erected in memory of Ezra by a wealthy Jew,
+and that the place had become a sort of place of pilgrimage.
+Clustering round it is a small Arab hamlet with the usual sprinkling
+of Palm trees, and an abundance of dirt and filth, without which
+surely the Arab could not exist.
+
+[Illustration: The Officers Mess, Falahiyah, The Adjutant, Captain N.
+M. RITCHIE, D.S.O., Studies Military Law.]
+
+[Illustration: J. M. COWIE, T. HENDERSON, A. A. YOUNG (Killed), G. V.
+STEWART, T. GILLESPIE (Killed).]
+
+[Illustration: J. M. COWIE, G. V. STEWART, T. HENDERSON, J. H.
+COTTERELL (Killed), H. W. BRUCE (Killed).]
+
+[Illustration: At The Bar.]
+
+[Illustration: River Scenes.]
+
+At the northern end of the Narrows is the village of Qalat Sahib with
+its minarets and lovely reflections. Then, Amara is sighted. We are
+now one hundred and twenty miles from our base and this place makes a
+kind of a half-way house between Basrah and Baghdad, and for the first
+time the battalion lands in Mesopotamia. It was about three o'clock in
+the afternoon that the order to disembark was received. Wonder was
+expressed at the command as everyone knew that this was still a long
+way behind the firing line, and was it the intention to march the rest
+of the distance, and if so, why? as we were so much needed. All these
+queries and doubts however were soon put an end to when it became
+known that the Colonel had decided to land and practice an attack. He
+knew that at any moment his Regiment might be thrown into action, and
+as the long journey was found to have a stiffening effect on one's
+limbs he decided on some small practice manoeuvres before the actual
+and real thing took place.
+
+What a pleasure to get on shore again! At such a moment a regiment is
+almost like a boy's school let out after hours; everyone was in high
+fettle and pleased, our long journey was nearing its end, and very
+soon we would be relieving General Townshend who had been locked up in
+Kut since December 5th.
+
+By three o'clock all were ashore and an attack on an imaginary enemy
+was practised, and of course victory achieved; but on returning to the
+river, it was found that the boats had moved up a mile or so, and
+tired and weary the Regiment had to go in search of them, and to add
+to the discomfort the rain started to come down, so that by the time
+everyone was on board again at seven-thirty it was dark and the men
+were wet, and a very subdued regiment ate their evening meal in
+comparison to the high spirits of earlier in the afternoon. However,
+very soon it would be good-bye to the boats for good, as it was
+expected that the following day we should land at Ali-el-Gharbi.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+
+The 2nd Battalion disembarked at Ali-el-Gharbi, one hundred and eighty
+miles from Basrah. The ground was little better than a bog from the
+rain of the previous day; with very little rain the whole countryside
+seems to become a quagmire. The mud is about the most slippery kind to
+be found anywhere, so that walking is made most difficult. The first
+work was to unload the barges. All the kit, supplies, and tents had to
+be taken ashore as we were leaving the boats for good and were now in
+a hostile country. The unloading is a tedious business and one of the
+most tiring of fatigues, but when the whole of a regiment is put on to
+it the work is soon finished. That night No. 1 Company was on Out-Post
+duty and the rest slumbered.
+
+The following morning broke fine and sunny, as so often happens in
+this country after wet and miserable evenings. The clouds roll up
+during the night and the morning is such that one feels it is good to
+be alive. There was a sharpness in the air that made it almost
+impossible to think that in a few months' time this country would be
+proving itself to be the hottest in the world. The orders were to be
+up at dawn and start immediately after breakfast. Part of the Brigade
+transport was of camels, but the camels getting out of hand
+disappeared into the desert and the start had to be made without them.
+It is a fascinating picture to see a long line of camels in single
+file starting off on a voyage across the desert. But this
+misadventure had delayed matters and the heat after midday was very
+trying for marching although in the distance one could see the snow on
+the higher summits of the Pusht-i-kuh Mountains which form the
+dividing line between Persia and Turkey. From an aeroplane the picture
+of the Tigris flowing through this flat country with all its numerous
+twists and turns must resemble a huge snake. A short halt was made in
+the middle of the day for lunch, and a final halt was not called till
+within five miles of Sheikh-Saad, and a distance of twenty-two miles
+had been covered, not bad work, considering the Regiment had just
+landed after being cooped up for a month on transports and river
+boats. But everyone was dead tired and exhausted and No. 1 Company was
+pleased that they had provided the Out-Posts the previous night, and
+that it was the turn of No. 2 to do duty. General Younghusband with
+part of his division had moved out and engaged the enemy, and that
+night we could see the flashes of the guns and hear the constant
+rattle of musketry. At break of day General Aylmer, the Corps
+Commander, rode out past us to the advanced force, but it was not till
+after nine o'clock that our Brigade advanced some five miles and lay
+down to await orders. The orders were clear and promised success. One
+Brigade was to deal with the Turks on the right bank of the Tigris,
+one Brigade was to hold his forces near the left bank, while a third,
+with ours in immediate support, was to make the decisive attack on the
+enemy's left flank. This Brigade and ours therefore manoeuvred to the
+right for position. Before we had taken sufficient ground to our
+right, fresh orders arrived directing both Brigades to counter-march
+back and attack the centre of the enemy's line, against which the
+Brigade on our left was already moving. Instant action was demanded
+and instantly the 2nd Battalion and a battalion of Jats moved forward
+to the attack. No time was given for the issue of orders, no frontage
+or direction was given, no signal communication was arranged. To all
+enquiries the one answer was given "Advance where the bullets are
+thickest" and right there did the 2nd Battalion advance. Magazines
+were charged and bayonets fixed on the move; the companies moved with
+great rapidity and wonderful exactness considering the exhausting
+march of the day before and the little practice they had had in open
+warfare. But without covering fire, and there was little artillery
+fire available to cover our attack such an attack over bare open plain
+cannot succeed unless the enemy be few in numbers or of poor heart.
+The Turk was neither weak nor faint-hearted, and poured in so deadly a
+fire that before the leading lines were within 200 yards of the enemy,
+five hundred of the battalion had been killed or wounded. Other units
+suffered with almost equal severity, the attack came to an inevitable
+halt, there were no reserves to drive it home, consequently orders
+were sent up from the Brigade that the infantry should dig themselves
+in where they were. Nineteen officers and two-thirds of the men had
+been hit: Colonel Wauchope was severely wounded by a shell and Major
+Hamilton Johnstone took over command.
+
+[Illustration: The Pipe Band.]
+
+[Illustration: Corporal McLEOD.]
+
+[Illustration: The Pipe Band.]
+
+[Illustration: Our Left Flank At San-i-yat, The Tigris.]
+
+[Illustration: Capt. HALDANE Inspects The Hannah Trenches.]
+
+[Illustration: At Mohammerah.]
+
+But if our losses were heavy and the sufferings great, the Turk had
+also suffered so heavily at our hands, that he was forced to evacuate
+his position on the following day, and we occupied it on the 9th. The
+situation was one of extreme difficulty for the new Commanding
+officer. If there were few men left there were still fewer officers or
+sergeants remaining with much experience. Yet the Turks were close to
+our trenches and re-organisation of the depleted platoons imperative.
+But his indomitable spirit and the determination within the regiment,
+so often shown at times of crisis, made the hardest tasks possible.
+The wounded were brought back, the dead buried; rations were got
+forward and the trenches securely held. New leaders were appointed,
+and on January 10th when the Brigade moved forward from Sheikh-Saad
+the Battalion had been reformed under its well-loved commander, ready
+as always to do whatever duty lay before.
+
+Progress was made up the river bank slowly, but always in the
+direction of Kut, the aim and object of our every march and fight at
+this period. The enemy had retreated some miles and, on January 13th,
+they were attacked and driven out of their position on the Wadi, the
+2nd Battalion playing a small but successful part in this action and
+losing 34 men. The Turks then fell back on to a more strongly
+entrenched position at Hannah.
+
+The rainy season was now in full swing. It rained day after day and
+the whole country became sodden, making it very difficult to move
+troops and almost impossible to move artillery. The discomfort the men
+suffered is almost indescribable, with no tents and everyone
+chronically wet to the skin and unable to have properly cooked food,
+made a seemingly hopeless position; but it is wonderful how hardship
+and discomforts are forgotten at the thought of beleaguered comrades
+in need of help and, as the country dried up and the sun shone forth,
+the men's spirits rose. On the eighteenth the 2nd Battalion had
+orders again to move forward. They did so and occupied a line of
+trenches about two thousand yards off the enemy, who were strongly
+entrenched in what is now known as the Hannah position. The whole
+country here, it must be understood, is absolutely flat, only in the
+distance twenty or thirty miles away one could see the snow-clad
+Pusht-i-kuh Mountains. Each night short advances were made and fresh
+trenches dug, till the night of the 20th. In this manner an advance
+was made up to within two hundred and fifty yards of the enemy's
+position. There, under cover of darkness the last line of trenches
+were dug and the companies deployed into two lines, and there they
+faced the enemy and awaited dawn. The Battalion and our old friends,
+the Jats, had been lent to another Brigade detailed to make the
+decisive assault on the morning of the 21st. Major Hamilton Johnston
+had made every possible arrangement for a successful assault and the
+leading lines were well within striking distance of the enemy. But
+however brilliantly carried out an assault may be, however gallant and
+determined the men, to ensure a lasting success against a determined
+foe there must be weight as well as depth in the attack. Now on the
+night of the 20th, owing to the movement among the troops, lack of
+reconnaissance and the mud, the troops in rear of the two leading
+battalions were deployed so far back, that though they moved forward
+in the morning simultaneously with the Jats and Highlanders, they
+suffered such losses on their way that none were able to reach the
+enemy trenches. And dire was our need there for support.
+
+At a given signal our artillery opened a light bombardment of seven
+minutes, then the long awaited and thrilling order to assault was
+given. The companies made a magnificent response and all rushed
+forward, crossed the muddy water-logged No Man's Land with their left
+200 or 300 yards from the river, and gained the objective, though not
+without losses. No pause had been made for firing for the bayonet was
+the weapon our men trusted. More and more it is proved that the
+bayonet is the weapon that wins the trench, the rifle the defensive
+weapon that holds it. Yet though no pause had been made our losses in
+that charge were severe. Major Hamilton Johnston was struck first by
+bullet and then, almost at once, killed by shell; only four officers
+reached the objective and of these three were wounded. The Turks
+fought desperately and it was only after a severe struggle that we
+captured some 300 yards of the first line trench. The Jats had
+suffered fully as severely as ourselves, but a certain number joined
+up with our men and fought right well, but no further assistance was
+forthcoming. The Colonel was once asked by the Higher Command if such
+and such a trench could be captured. "My Regiment," he replies, "will
+capture any trench, but it is a different matter whether it is
+possible to hold it." Then for one and a quarter hours, the length of
+time which the trench was held, the Regiment added a very glorious
+page to its history. Great gallantry was displayed and Lieut. M. M.
+Thorburn who was severely wounded by a bayonet thrust received the
+Military Cross as an immediate award. The enemy counter-attacked from
+two sides and our few bombs, though replenished from some captured
+from the enemy, were soon expended; but many charges up the trenches
+were made to bomb them out, two machine guns were captured and put
+out of action. Slowly however the Turks drove the remnants of our
+platoons towards the river and the killed and wounded greatly
+outnumbered the survivors, 2nd Lieutenant Souther was wounded but
+refused to retire, and every moment the situation was getting more
+desperate. 2nd Lieutenant Henderson assumed command and was gallantly
+supported by C.S.M. Proudfoot and Sergeant McDonald. Seeing that the
+position was untenable, C.S.M. Proudfoot asked 2nd Lieutenant
+Henderson if he did not think it would be wise to fall back as no
+assistance was being sent, and men were being uselessly sacrificed.
+"How can I order the Regiment to retire?" he replied. C.S.M. Proudfoot
+and Sergt. MacDonald were both killed. Two of the finest men in the
+regiment they were, and both had been recommended for commissions.
+Proudfoot would have made a splendid officer; he had perhaps the
+finest physique of any man in the Battalion and for long had been the
+best reel dancer. No one who ever knew Sergt. MacDonald will forget
+him. His soft voice and gentle manner, his readiness to help whoever
+had need endeared him to all, and many a brave deed had he done as
+scout leader of the Battalion both in France and Mesopotamia. It now
+became impossible to remain unsupported in the enemy's position.
+Slowly and in good order some eighty men, one quarter of those who had
+started the attack two hours before, retired across No Man's Land and
+regained our trenches.
+
+[Illustration: Captured Turkish Officers.]
+
+[Illustration: Turkish Prisoners Arrive At Basrah.]
+
+When muster roll was called ninety-nine men remained of this gallant
+Regiment, out of the nine hundred and fifty who had landed in
+Mesopotamia less than three weeks before. As many wounded as possible
+were brought in. The Padre, Major the Revd. Macfarlane did splendid
+service. Darkness was closing in as the Regiment fell back on to the
+second line, and the very skies wept at the tragedy being enacted
+below them. No tents, no warmth, all soaked to the skin, intense cold,
+and defeated. It is possible to be happy even if wet, cold and hungry
+if you are victorious, but to be wet, cold and defeated, and yet
+undaunted is worthy of the highest traditions of heroes.
+
+The following day what remained of the Battalion was moved across the
+river, and 2nd Lieutenant Stewart Smith assumed command, to be
+followed shortly by Captain Crake.
+
+The stay on the right bank of the river was short, and the remnants of
+the Battalion were again soon on the left bank, but the losses of the
+Highland units engaged had been so heavy that it was decided to form
+one Battalion of what remained, under Colonel Thompson. This brilliant
+officer was shortly afterwards given a Brigade, and during the
+Campaign of the winter 1916-17 did such excellent work that he was
+rewarded with the command of a Division again proving that age should
+not be regarded as a deterrent for promotion if ability is
+conspicuous. He was only forty when commanding a Brigade. During
+February and March the Battalion suffered great discomfort, not to
+speak of hardships. The rainfall was unusually heavy and the country
+all mud. Difficulty was experienced in getting up supplies. And every
+day and every hour the Turks were tightening their hold on Kut, so
+gallantly defended by General Townshend and his brave division. For in
+reading the history of the battles of this spring, we must always
+remember that the relief of Kut was the object in view, and for
+that object our Generals were right in giving battle and in accepting
+any odds while one chance remained of final success.
+
+[Illustration: J. F. C. DIXON, M.C.]
+
+[Illustration: S. L. HUNTER.]
+
+[Illustration: A. B. CUMMING (Killed 22-4-16).]
+
+[Illustration: Zobeir Minaret.]
+
+The Regiment was now encamped near the Hannah position, fresh drafts
+arrived, re-organisation completed and training continued in bombing,
+trench digging and minor manoeuvres. The great effort on the right
+bank of March 8th had failed, but within a month another supreme
+effort was made on the left bank. Another Division had arrived from
+Gallipoli and, on April 5th, under General Maude, their trusted
+commander, this Division captured the Hannah position. On the evening
+of the same day, they gained the Falahiyah trenches and on the same
+night our column, with the Highland Battalion leading, marched through
+Falahiyah and advanced up the edge of the Suwakie Marsh with the
+intention of attacking the Turkish left. As so often happens, however,
+on a night march, some delay occurred, and at dawn the troops had not
+reached their objective and were not fully deployed. The Turks opened
+a very heavy fire practically destroying our leading platoons and, as
+we were still some six hundred yards from their trenches, the order
+was given to dig in where we were. This was done, but the weather this
+year was beyond all precedent, the marsh kept on rising and before
+evening it had flooded our men out of the new trenches. We were
+consequently ordered to retire three hundred yards and dig in afresh.
+
+On the 7th a demonstration in force was carried out by fresh troops;
+little was effected by this demonstration as it was checked mainly by
+shell and machine gun fire before advancing very far. Like many
+another effort of these heart breaking days, it was fore-doomed to
+fail; and the spirits of the troops and their fighting value was only
+maintained by the stern resolve that every man would continue
+fighting, no matter against what odds, so long as the flag was still
+flying over Kut.
+
+On the night of the 8th, another Division took over our trenches, and
+on the following evening made a night advance and attacked the
+San-i-yat position. Heavy casualties were incurred, but they failed to
+reach the enemy's position. We therefore again took over and held the
+trenches until April 22nd. A final attack was planned for that day to
+be made by two Brigades, but at the last moment the Brigade on our
+right found the ground in their front impassable owing to the rising
+of the marsh. Consequently in the assault we were exposed to a heavy
+fire from our right flank as well as from the front. Nevertheless the
+gallant Highlanders swept across the muddy ground, drove the enemy
+from his first line and assaulted the second. Lieutenant Forester led
+his platoon against the third line, but from that gallant assault none
+returned. Major Inglis, the senior officer with the Battalion, and
+many another were killed. The enemy trenches were in most places
+filled with water, to consolidate our position was impossible and,
+fired on from three sides, the survivors of the Brigade were forced
+slowly back to their original position. With new drafts the Highland
+Battalion had attacked at full strength, but suffered during the day
+over 600 casualties.
+
+[Illustration: Views Of Beit Nama Hospital.]
+
+[Illustration: In The Garden Of Beit Nama Hospital.]
+
+[Illustration: The Hospital Launch.]
+
+[Illustration: A Hospital Ship.]
+
+[Illustration: Officers' Tents, Falahiyah.]
+
+[Illustration: The Mess Tents, Falahiyah.]
+
+[Illustration: The Regiment Moves Off.]
+
+[Illustration: Arab Girls.]
+
+The position now in Kut was almost hopeless, and General Townshend
+began to destroy his stores and guns. One last but very gallant
+attempt was to be made to get supplies in, and the General Officer
+Commanding the Expeditionary Force reported as follows:--
+
+"At 8 p.m., on April 24th, 1916, with a crew from the Royal Navy
+under Lieutenant Firman, R.N., assisted by Lieut.-Commander Cowley,
+R.N.V.R., the 'Julnar,' carrying 270 tons of supplies left Falahiyah
+in an attempt to reach Kut. Her departure was covered by all Artillery
+and Machine gun fire that could be brought to bear, in the hope of
+attracting the enemy's attention. She was, however, discovered and
+shelled on her passage up the river. At 1 a.m., on the 25th, General
+Townshend reported that she had not yet arrived, and that at midnight
+a burst of heavy firing had been heard at Magasis, some 8-1/2 miles
+from Kut by river, which had suddenly ceased. There could be little
+doubt that the enterprise had failed, and the next day the Air Service
+reported the 'Julnar' in the hands of the Turks at Magasis. The
+leaders of this brave attempt, Lieutenant H. O. B. Firman, R.N., and
+his assistant Lieut.-Commander C. H. Cowley, R.N.V.R., the latter of
+whom throughout the campaign in Mesopotamia performed magnificent
+service in command of the 'Mejidieh,' have been reported by the Turks
+to have been killed, the remainder of the gallant crew, including five
+wounded, are prisoners of war. Knowing well the chances against them
+all the gallant officers and men who manned the 'Julnar' for the
+occasion were volunteers. I trust the services in this connection of
+Lieut. H. O. B. Firman, R.N., and Lieut-Commander C. H. Cowley,
+R.N.V.R., his assistant, both of whom were unfortunately killed, may
+be recognized by the posthumous grant of some suitable honour."
+
+                                                  ADMIRALTY.
+
+"The King has been graciously pleased to approve of the posthumous
+grant of the Victoria Cross to the undermentioned officers in
+recognition of their conspicuous gallantry in an attempt to
+reprovision the Force besieged in Kut-el-Amarah:--
+
+  Lieut. Humphry Osbaldeston Brooke Firman, R.N.
+  Lieut.-Comdr. Charles Henry Cowley, R.N.V.R."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+After a stubborn defence for one hundred and forty-three days, General
+Townshend's supplies were exhausted, and he was compelled to surrender
+on April 29th, with 9,000 men.
+
+[Illustration: On The Banks Of The Tigris. 125 deg. In The Shade.]
+
+[Illustration: Beit Nama Hospital.]
+
+[Illustration: One Of The Noble Band Of Sisters.]
+
+[Illustration: A Winter Sunrise. Beit Nama Hospital.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+
+The strategical importance of Kut-el-Amarah lies in the fact that it
+is at the junction of the Shatt-el-Hai with the Tigris. The force
+which controls Kut has the choice of movement down the Hai or the
+Tigris at will, and this advantage was with the Turk.
+
+The summer was rapidly advancing with its awful heat and the enemy,
+unable to press his advantage any further, was quite willing to remain
+in his trenches and await events. And so for seven months both sides
+resorted to trench warfare, and sat down facing each other through the
+most trying period of the year.
+
+The Secretary of State made the following announcement: "General Lake
+reports on May 20th that the right (South) bank of the Tigris is clear
+of the enemy as far as the Shatt-el-Hai, except for small rear-guards
+covering the bridge over the Hai some 500 yards below its junction
+with the Tigris. Our main force on this bank has reached the line
+Magasis-Dujailah. On the left (North) bank the enemy are reported to
+be still occupying the San-i-yat position. Weather is intensely hot
+and trying, and temperature during the last few days has been over 100
+degrees in the shade."
+
+Owing to the melting of the snows in Asia Minor the Tigris is at its
+highest in the spring and early summer and the left of our lines
+stretched to the water edge. The Suwakie marsh is also very full at
+this season and forms a natural protection to the right flank of the
+San-i-yat position. Consequently as the front held was under two
+miles the lines could be safely held by one Brigade at a time, with
+the other two in reserve. The procedure adopted during the summer
+months was for one Brigade to hold the trenches, one Brigade in the
+forward area rest camp, and the other the rearward area rest camp,
+situated at the Bridgehead opposite Arab Village, some six miles
+behind the firing line.
+
+Fresh troops were arriving in the country daily, drafts to different
+regiments to make up for those killed, wounded and sick. A great
+number coming direct from England and Scotland and quite unaccustomed
+to the great heat went sick immediately on arrival in the country.
+
+In addition, however, many wounded were now returning, the numbers at
+the front increased, and in May, Colonel Thompson was appointed to the
+command of a brigade on the right bank, and Colonel Wauchope took over
+the Highland Battalion. Throughout the summer our Division held the
+San-i-yat position. In spite of numerous drafts the Highland Battalion
+remained considerably under strength both in men and officers until
+August. By that time the Battalion was about twelve hundred strong,
+and it was split up into its two original units, our comrades being
+posted to another Brigade.
+
+[Illustration: Guns And Boat Captured From The Turks.]
+
+[Illustration: Types In Mesopotamia.]
+
+These two battalions had served together as the Highland Battalion
+during a period of their history that will never be forgotten. Close
+friends in India, the two battalions had now fought shoulder to
+shoulder in many a hard-fought action, they had captured and defended
+trenches together under conditions sometimes so desperate that only
+their faith and confidence in each other enabled the two regiments not
+only to maintain their glorious traditions but also to enhance their
+reputation. No jealousy marred the good feeling between officers and
+men; there was nothing but goodwill. We all had absolute trust in
+Colonel Thompson, and Colonel Wauchope has often said he always found
+the same spirit, the same wholehearted readiness to perform every duty
+equally amongst both units. In some ways the Platoon, in some ways the
+Division is the tactical unit of the British Army, but by tradition,
+custom and wholesome practise the living organism is the Battalion,
+and the Commander who ignores that fact loses a source of strength
+that no other factor fills. It was only the strength of fellowship and
+their confidence in their two commanders that enabled these two famous
+regiments to work and fight under every adverse circumstance so
+wholeheartedly and with the single-minded devotion which they always
+showed during these trying times.
+
+The bond of sentiment holds when other bonds fail. To all to whom
+regimental feeling appeals there is no sight like the swing of the
+kilt, no sound like the sound of the pipes. Men of both regiments
+might often recall how they had charged forward in France, the pipers
+leading the way, and no body of men had themselves shewn greater
+gallantry or inspired others with their spirit more than the
+regimental pipers. Yet even in war the days of battle are few and the
+days of trial many, and many a time at reveille and retreat, on the
+march and in camp has the sound of the massed pipers stirred our
+memories and stoutened our hearts to face whatever danger or hardship
+lay before. The old Crimean reveille was still heard, but a new
+reveille, "The Highland Regiment in Mesopotamia," arranged by
+Pipe-Major Keith, was played more often. During a long march
+"Scotland's my Ain Hame," and "Neil Gow's Farewell to Whiskey" were
+often call for, and, on reaching camp, before striking up with "The
+Blue Bonnets," the pipers always played the Colonel's favourite air,
+"After the Battle."
+
+In these days lack of tents, and the excessive heat were minor
+troubles compared to the prevalence of sickness and constant flow of
+casualties. Whatever the strength of the Battalion, the duties had to
+be performed. Again and again men left their turn of sentry duty only
+to take part in one of the innumerable but essential working parties.
+Over and over again men had to work throughout the cooler hours of the
+twenty-four, and pick up what rest they might in the heat and glare,
+amid the dust and flies, of midday. But if there was much sickness
+there was no grumbling, and the energy and thoroughness with which all
+duties were performed will remain for all time a lasting credit to the
+men of the Regiment. The average age of the Company Commanders was one
+and twenty, yet the C. O. told me that never was a Colonel better
+served in this and every respect. The Adjutant was under twenty, but
+no more capable or devoted officer was ever Adjutant to the Regiment.
+The Sergeant Major was absent sick, and during part of the time there
+were but four sergeants remaining with the Battalion; but the young
+men specially selected to fill the vacancies, responded to the call,
+accepted all their responsibilities, and never was the standard of
+discipline or smartness higher in the Battalion. Of the many awards
+given to the Battalion I doubt if any were better deserved than the
+D.S.O. gained by the Adjutant, and the two Military Crosses awarded in
+succession to our two Regimental Sergeant-Majors. To these might well
+be added the four D.C.Ms. gained by the four Sergeant-Bombers, two of
+whom added a bar to their medals, and unsurpassed by any, the D.C.M.,
+with the bar, gained by the Stretcher-Bearer Sergeant.
+
+On August 28th, General Maude took over command and his wonderful
+capacity for administration was soon manifested. Also more boats were
+arriving for river transport, more supplies, both Medical and
+Military, were being sent out. Control of the campaign was taken over
+by the War Office. Canteens were established at different points,
+enabling both officers and men to buy small luxuries, and the Y.M.C.A.
+had branches established at many places. The country will never be
+able to thank the Y.M.C.A. enough for what they did for its soldiers
+in Mesopotamia.
+
+The Hospitals were being rapidly well established, and excellent work
+was being done to provide all necessary accommodation and comfort for
+sick men and wounded. Casualty Clearing Stations were in full swing,
+and hundreds of men were sent down the line from hospital to hospital,
+in many cases to eventually be sent to India in an endeavour to be
+restored to health after having endured all sorts of privations and
+hardships in Mesopotamia. An excellent Officers' Hospital was
+established at Amara, and went under the name of the "Rawal-Pindi
+Hospital." It was well run and had a large and capable staff. There
+were other hospitals at Amara for officers and men and improvements
+were being added daily.
+
+There was a large number of hospitals in Basrah and a very fine one
+called the Beit Naama Hospital about six miles below Basrah,
+beautifully situated on the banks of the river and surrounded by palm
+trees, was opened in June 1916 to try and relieve the pressure of
+officers coming down river, which No. 3 British General Hospital could
+not easily cope with. This place was fitted up with electric light and
+electric fans, hot and cold water baths, lift, ice and soda water
+factories, up-to-date "X" Ray installation and an Operating Theatre
+for surgical cases.
+
+They took in on an average about 135 officers a month and sent on an
+average 28 to India. It had accommodation for 100 officers and had a
+staff of three Medical Officers, a Matron and seven Sisters. The work
+done by the Nursing Sisters in this country, the untiring devotion to
+duty displayed under most trying climatic conditions when the
+temperature rose to nearly 130 degrees in the shade, is beyond all
+praise, and only those who have seen and suffered in this campaign
+should be competent to judge.
+
+[Illustration: The Second In Command.]
+
+[Illustration: The Doctor In The Trenches.]
+
+[Illustration: Amongst The Palm Trees.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+
+All these improvements, all these reinforcements, all these extra
+supplies could have but one meaning and but one end in view, and that
+was as soon as the summer heat was over in the words of Nelson's
+famous signal to "engage the enemy more closely."
+
+The time spent out of the trenches was no holiday, one talked of going
+back to the Rest Camp. But Rest Camp was only a kindly term; it did
+not mean, as one might be led to believe, a delightful camp where
+comfortable chairs and well-served meals were supplied to tired and
+war-worn officers and men. No such thing; in fact so much the opposite
+was the case that one often heard it remarked that one got far more
+rest in the trenches than in any Rest Camp at the immediate front. The
+Colonel of the Regiment was a thruster. He never wasted a moment
+himself and would have his regiment the same. On the great Bronze Gong
+of one of our Battalions is engraved "I mark the hours, Do you?"
+Certainly the Colonel of the 2nd Battalion did. It was too hot for any
+drill or outside parades between the hours of 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., so
+everyone gasped for air inside their tents during those awful hours
+when the temperature rose to 124 deg. in the shade, and the one thing one
+prayed for was the hastening of sunset; but if the officers or men
+slept or tried to sleep during those trying hours it was not so with
+the Colonel, at almost any time one visited his tent it was to find
+him busy; he did not seem to know what it was to suffer from fatigue,
+and during all those trying summer months, when with one solitary
+exception every officer was off duty ill for some period of time,
+however short, the Commanding Officer was only confined to his tent
+for half a day. Duties commenced soon after sunrise and very often
+before, every opportunity being taken to make as much use of the
+coolest and light hours of the 24. A very strict course of intensive
+training was gone through and the results were to make themselves
+manifest early the next year. Bombing was practiced morning and night.
+Bayonet fighting was excelled in, and attacks by bombers and
+bayonetmen were practiced with frequency in trenches especially
+prepared for the purpose. Officers were trained to march by compass
+and stars and some were even given a course of riding lessons, nothing
+being left to chance. The long hot trying summer was not wasted; it
+was a preparation for what was to come. Long marches were out of the
+question, but short night marches were often practiced, sometimes by
+the Battalion alone, sometimes by the whole Brigade with an attack at
+dawn. These manoeuvres were very popular with everyone; it was
+possible to enjoy moving about in the cool of the night and the
+quietness and silence with which it was possible for a whole Regiment
+to advance on to a supposed enemy position often impressed one. Having
+marched to a certain point from which an attack was to be delivered,
+the pre-arranged signal having been given, the bagpipes would burst
+forth into music and with a wild cheer the whole Regiment would charge
+forward in wave after wave and the supposed enemy driven from their
+stronghold. A few moments' rest would be given and the C. O. would
+call his officers around him and explain, praise or condemn various
+things which had struck him and, as the sun rose over the Pusht-i-Kuh
+hills, we would march back to camp. A keen rivalry and competition was
+established among the various platoons as to which would mount the
+best guard, and a very searching examination was conducted each
+evening by the Adjutant and Sergeant-Major. This led to great interest
+being taken by the whole Battalion in the mounting of the guard, and
+the smartness of the guard increased by leaps and bounds. The heat, of
+course, found its victims and in spite of all precautions there was a
+fair amount of sickness during the summer; it was impossible to avoid
+it. Great care was taken to see that all drinking water was properly
+chlorinated, and special waterproof tanks were erected on the river
+banks. If anyone went sick they were almost immediately sent to the
+Field Hospital where they got every possible attention. All through
+the summer the Battalion was very much below strength and the work
+fell heavily on those remaining.
+
+[Illustration: Views In Zobeir. The site of Ancient Basrah, the home
+of Sinbad the Sailor.]
+
+[Illustration: The President, Regimental Institutes.]
+
+[Illustration: Captain T. W. STEWART.]
+
+It was decided to hold "Highland Sports" on Wednesday, August 30th,
+and a number of other units, both British and Indian, were asked to
+take part. A suitable piece of ground was chosen some five miles
+behind the firing line, and on the day a great concourse of people
+assembled. The Corps Commander honoured the Regiment and several
+Generals from other Brigades were also present, our own Brigadier
+being an interested spectator. The events were keenly contested and
+the honours were fairly evenly divided. We won the Highland Dancing
+with a very fine exhibition. Another Highland unit carried off the
+board jump with a record leap. The officers "Donkey Fight", a scrap
+"Five aside" between our officers and those of another Highland unit
+caused huge delight and amusement and before many moments blood was
+flowing freely. The mile race by the Indian Regiments drew a big crowd
+and a large number of entries and a great race was won by the
+Punjabis. The inter-company cross country run was a keen contest. 13
+men were chosen from each company, with one officer in charge and an
+N. C. O. They had to run in full kit and packs also carrying rifles
+and a severe course of training was gone through. P. P. B. Miller
+Stirling commanded one company, the brothers Smythe (South Africans
+and both keen sportsmen) each commanded other companies. I forget who
+commanded the fourth company. The average time was under ten minutes
+over a two-mile course, and the remarkable thing showing the
+uniformity of training was that there was scarcely two minutes'
+difference in time between any company. But the event of the day was
+the 'tug-of-war' between the two Highland Regiments. It was the best
+tug-of-war that many of us had ever witnessed. The sides had been
+carefully picked and well trained. Officers and men cheered on their
+respective regiments, the crowd of onlookers swelled till the whole
+Brigade was looking on in feverish suspense, and so even were the
+sides that for nearly five minutes not an inch of ground was lost or
+gained. The cheering ceased and the silence became intense; one could
+see the veins standing out on the competitors' foreheads and
+perspiration pouring off their faces, each man pulling to the last
+ounce, then our coach shouted "come away" and as if by magic they gave
+a convulsive pull and gained a foot, the spell was broken, and the
+men of our Regiment looking on gave a wild cheer. In a second everyone
+was shouting for their side, but slowly, very slowly, inch by inch
+they were winning, they would lose a foot and then gain two, till
+after one of the sternest pulls in the history of the Regiment, our
+opponents crossed the line and we were victors. Both sides sank
+exhausted to the ground as their Regiments cheered them to the echo.
+Perhaps some daring Turkish flying man heard that brave cheer from his
+observation car far above and thought the mad English were practising
+some new game to worry his existence. That evening at a concert given
+by the Regiment the General made a speech and congratulated the two
+teams on the best tug-of war he had ever seen, congratulating them on
+their splendid staying powers and for the tenacity and determination
+they had displayed, which he remarked augured ill for the Turk in the
+coming months. History records how true was his prophesy. Our
+Brigadier was General Charles Norie whose gallantry in the field was
+well-known, as in some strange way gallantry ever is known, to every
+man who served under him. And well loved was Charles Norie. He had
+lost an arm fighting on the Indian frontier. There have been many
+depressing optimists since August 1914 who every Autumn swear the war
+will end next spring, and every spring know it cannot last beyond next
+autumn. An answer given by one of our Sergeants was consonant to the
+serene spirit and resolution that filled the regiment and bid defiance
+to the future. Glancing at the General waving his one arm in the air,
+he answered some faint-hearted hopeful, "I'm thinking the war will not
+be over till Norie claps his hands." It is in that spirit that the
+armies of England win their way through at whatever cost.
+
+[Illustration: The P. M. C.]
+
+[Illustration: Tigris Salmon.]
+
+[Illustration: The Palm Creeks.]
+
+That evening the Colonel gave a dinner party and the powers of the
+Mess President were taxed to the utmost limit. Nearly 40 sat down, the
+Mess staff rose to the occasion, and the cook turned out things we had
+never seen before. The next day the Commanding Officer remarked at
+dinner "Really, P.M.C., I don't at all know why when we have 2 or 3
+Generals to dinner you can give us nice white table cloths but at
+other times it is only bare boards", "Well Sir," he hesitatingly
+replied, "they were two of Stewart's sheets." Sundays were usually
+fairly slack days. I sometimes thought that they could have been even
+slacker, it being so absolutely necessary to have one day's rest a
+week. Church Parade would be held in the early morning, and another
+service at 6 in the evening after the sun had set. These evening
+services were very impressive; we would form round in a half circle
+sitting on the grass, or what formed a substitute for grass, with the
+Padre in the middle. The Commanding Officer would sit at one end of
+the half circle either amongst his officers or at the other end
+amongst the men, and the Padre knowing well the limits of human
+endurance and the severe test that the great heat was putting us to,
+never preached too long a sermon. We all loved him, and as he had been
+with the Regiment for a dozen years he knew everyone and about
+everyone, and when he went sick after the great advance on Baghdad,
+all felt that they had temporarily lost a friend. We were miles away
+from any village and still further from any town, so there was no one
+to visit on Sundays and no social life; unlike our comrades in
+France we were unable to enjoy the hospitality of a friendly
+population or look forward to going home on leave. We were out here
+and we knew it meant for months or may be years. Leave in a restricted
+form was granted to India during the 1916 summer, but that is going
+from one hot country to another and, though appreciated, could not be
+compared to going home. We knew two or three days in advance, the day
+that we would go up to the trenches for our spell, and we usually went
+in at the commencement of the month, so had the advantage, or
+disadvantage as it sometimes proved, of having a full moon. The
+distance to march was about three miles before we reached the end of
+the communication trench and we never started till late in the
+afternoon. All that day we were busy preparing our trench kits and
+packing up the necessary kit which had to be as little as possible. We
+always marched up in kilts and marched out in kilts, but during our
+stay there our clothes were the irreducible minimum, shorts and
+shirts. I well remember my first spell in the trenches of the famous
+Sanniyat position. We usually held the centre of the line with an
+Indian Regiment on either side and one in reserve. We left camp soon
+after seven, the night was one of those wonderful clear still
+moonlight nights for which this country is justly famous. It was
+difficult to imagine before one came within sound of rifle fire that a
+grim struggle was being enacted a mile or so in front, everything was
+still quiet and peaceful, there were no villages to pass through on
+our way up, it was simply open flat country with a river on one side
+and a marsh on the other, a long dusty road leading from the Rest
+Camps to the rear of the trenches. A light was burning in Brigade
+Headquarters and a sentry on duty and we silently filed up the long
+communication trench which was deep in dust as rain had not fallen for
+months. We passed fatigue parties coming down for rations and the dust
+was most distressing. The relief of trenches is usually a long and
+tedious process--handing over stores, getting receipts, pointing out
+anything of exceptional interest and generally getting settled down
+for ten or fourteen days. The Regimental Headquarters were about 200
+yards behind the front line and connected up by telephone and various
+companies and platoons took it in turn to do their round of duty in
+the front line. I think in the trenches you come to know men as you
+can get to know them in no other place, the reserve of civilization is
+often thrown off and you know a man for what he is, not for what he
+would have you think he is. I remember sitting one night on the fire
+step of the front line trench and having a long and interesting talk
+with a Sergeant about Nigeria. He was telling me all about his life
+out there before the war, and the part he took in the Cameroon
+Campaign. Back in a Rest Camp he would never have got so
+communicative, but when one knows that one's lives are dependant on
+each other a close comradeship often results between both officers and
+men. This gallant fellow some months later was killed as his company
+was advancing to attack a Turkish position after the capture of
+Baghdad. I always feel glad I had that talk with him.
+
+[Illustration: Ashar Creek.]
+
+[Illustration: Ashar Creek.]
+
+[Illustration: Native Bazaar, Ashar.]
+
+[Illustration: Scenes In Basrah.]
+
+The nights in the trenches were the busiest time not only on account
+of darkness but also on account of coolness. At 9 o'clock in the
+morning an inspection of rifles and kit would be held by the Company
+Officers, after which the whole Company would retire to dug-outs in
+the reserve front line trenches, 10 yards behind the fire trench and
+then endeavour to get through the day as well as possible. The
+dug-outs had not the comforts of present day dug-outs on the Western
+Front. The only roof we had was sail cloth, so if a shell happened to
+strike it the results were fatal. This sail cloth kept the sun off,
+but the heat was terrific. Sentries only, and one officer per Company
+were kept on duty during the day in the front line, where there was
+not a yard of shade, the sun beat down with relentless vigour and
+gradually as the day wore on the temperature would rise to 120 degrees
+in the shade and 160 degrees in the sun and there was no shade. And
+this was not for a day or two days but week after week. After 9
+o'clock in the morning a death-like stillness would creep over
+everything, both sides suffering too much to be able to add any more
+suffering to each other. The stillness would be broken now and again
+by the crack of a sniper's rifle and one dare not look over the
+parapet. In the early mornings aeroplanes would fly over the lines but
+without any great show of activity on either side; the heat kept
+everything quiet. The very flies are scarce in the hottest months,
+only the sandflies torment one at night, and so the day gradually
+passes, and as one goes the round to see everything is in order and
+one sees the men stretched out in their dug-outs, reading, trying to
+sleep, very few talking and all suffering, one remembers with what
+irritation one had read in a famous London daily paper, a query--why
+the Mesopotamian Campaign had come to an end during the summer, why no
+advance was heard of. One longed to put the writer of that article
+over the parapet in the sun where within five minutes or less, he
+would have his question answered. At times, on a hot parching day
+lying in one's dug-out, one would hear a great flutter of wings as a
+flight of cranes or wild geese flew over our lines, immediately
+followed by a loud fusillade of rifle fire as the sentries endeavoured
+to bring one down; several times a goose was brought down, and I well
+remember the annoyance of an officer when a goose he had winged
+managed to flutter across into the Turkish lines. The heat was at the
+maximum between 2 and 3 when we could almost boil oil in the sun. At 4
+o'clock things livened up somewhat and at 5-30 everyone stood ready in
+the front line awaiting any possible attack but neither side showed
+any intention of attacking. Night duties were arranged, parapets had
+to be mended, new trenches dug, barbed wire put out and all the
+necessary work in connection with trench warfare continued. Officers
+patrols were regularly sent out into "No Man's Land" to examine the
+enemy's wire and find out if he were sapping forward. As the summer
+advanced the marsh receded on the left of the enemy's line, and this
+gave our scouts an opportunity to patrol and harass the Turks by
+penetrating in rear of their left flank. Much gallant work was done in
+this direction and much credit gained by the Regiment, for the Colonel
+considered that a good test of the fighting energy of a Company was
+the vigour of its patrol duties, and a good number of the Turkish
+sentries, I feel sure, agreed with him. The usual night "Hate" started
+about six when both sides opened fire, rifle and machine gun, on the
+opposite trenches, this was kept up all night, some nights would be
+more lively than others, some nights would be comparatively quiet,
+but now and again an artillery bombardment would take place, when we
+always seemed to give more than we got. Both we and the Turk were very
+free with rifle grenades, but what troubled us most was a special
+pattern of trench mortar that threw a heavy bomb over quarter of a
+mile. One night I remember one landed in and blew up the whole of the
+regimental cookhouse; luckily the cooks were sleeping elsewhere and it
+was only the dixies that suffered.
+
+[Illustration: The Tree Of Knowledge, Kurnah. Supposed Site Of The
+Garden Of Eden.]
+
+[Illustration: Ashar Creek.]
+
+I have always considered myself a very light sleeper, but one evening
+I had cause to come to another conclusion. I had just come off duty
+from the front line and was speaking to a brother officer outside my
+dug-out about 9 o'clock when suddenly we opened artillery fire on the
+Turkish position with considerable vigour, and they replied but in a
+milder form. I retired and lay down in my dug-out listening to the
+shells whistling above and praying to Providence that none would land
+on my sail cloth roof. In about half an hour the bombardment ceased
+and one wondered what damage had been done and how many lives lost. I
+then slept. At breakfast the next morning remarking on the bombardment
+I was asked "which"? "Which?" I replied, "why last night's of course,"
+"Yes, but the first or second?" "Well, I only heard one," I said. "Oh!
+another took place at midnight," I was informed. I had slept through
+it and had not heard a sound. So trench life must tire one out
+somewhat to enable one to sleep so soundly as to be unaware of a
+bombardment. On still nights when possible the very perfection of the
+night made men less inclined to fire rifles at each other's trenches.
+I used to hear a Turk singing. He had a deep rich voice and I often
+stood in the front line or in a communication trench listening to him
+as his voice carried across "No Man's Land" from the Turkish line 120
+yards away. It used to fascinate me quite a lot and one felt that
+under the eastern sky, in the land of Sinbad the Sailor and Omar
+Khayyam that war had not quite killed romance. I wonder what happened
+to that singer. I wonder if in the great push to Baghdad and beyond he
+was killed or if he is now singing to his fellow-prisoners in
+captivity in India, or if he is still cheering on his comrades in the
+front line further up the Tigris. I don't suppose one will ever know,
+but if he should ever read these lines I would like him to know he not
+only cheered his own side but gave pleasure to at least one of his
+enemies.
+
+[Illustration: The Ship Of The Desert Plays An Important Part In
+Mesopotamia.]
+
+[Illustration: Ruins Of "Old Bassorah."]
+
+We used to have three Officers' Messes when in the trenches. The
+Headquarters Mess presided over by the Colonel and two Company Messes,
+presided over by their respective Company Commanders. The Headquarters
+Mess was a very comfortable affair, a big dug-out, and made in such a
+way that ground formed the table in the middle and seats all around,
+the sides were well banked up with sand bags and outside a small ante
+room where one could sit and smoke in the evening, and the roof was
+the sky and a very wonderful sky during those long rainless cloudless
+months. Round about the Headquarters, the Colonel, the Adjutant, the
+Doctor, the Sergeant-Major, had their dug-outs, and the Mess did for
+Orderly Room also. The Company Messes were not so elaborate, and were
+situated nearer the front line and close to our own dug-outs. We
+endeavoured however to make ourselves as comfortable as possible,
+but for some reason or other the flies took a great liking to our
+Mess (No. 1 Company), and at any time day or night they were assembled
+in their hundreds on our canvas roof. We had a large war map fixed up
+on to the mud wall to enable us to follow events and we had occasional
+visits from the Padre and the Doctor, but it was not a healthy place,
+no part of the second line was; the second line was about a 100 yards
+behind the first, and for some reason it seemed to give the Turks much
+more pleasure to put their shells nearer to the second line than the
+first. I have picked small flowers growing on the front line parapet,
+but I have never seen any on the second. During my first spell in the
+trenches after being in the front line, I was put in charge of the
+reserves in the reserve trenches and spent three awful days and four
+awful nights in this position. The heat seemed to be worse here than
+anywhere. I had to spend my days in a small 40 lbs. tent lying on the
+ground gasping for air as the sun poured down with relentless fury. It
+was burning hot from the moment it rose till it set 14 hours after
+over the Arabian Desert. The men were slightly more fortunate in that
+they had a bigger tent, but they suffered also and it was at these
+times that one could not but admire the spirit of the 'British
+Soldier.' One seldom heard a complaint, of course they were "fed up"
+with the heat, everyone was the Archangel Gabriel would have been, but
+there was never any thought given to anything else but to "stick it at
+whatever cost." The officer in reserve was attached to the
+Headquarters Mess and so one was likely to get any news going. Lying
+in my tent reading, I now forget the name of the book, but I came
+across the passage which I will always remember "The writing which
+Nebuchadnezar saw on the wall." As I read that I felt convinced that
+Nebuchadnezar never saw any writing on the wall and when I reached the
+Mess that evening, the first one to come in was the Doctor and being a
+good Presbyterian I felt sure he would have this knowledge at his
+fingers' ends, so I asked him who saw the writing on the wall and he
+immediately replied "Nebuchadnezar". "Not at all," I said, and I told
+him I had just read the same thing in a book but felt convinced it was
+wrong, he felt certain the book was right. "Very well," I said, "I'll
+bet you, you are wrong," he accepted the bet. The Adjutant came in
+soon after and supported the Doctor. I now saw a veritable gold mine
+before me and he too was willing to back his knowledge against mine.
+We decided to refer the matter to the Colonel, so when he came in we
+asked his opinion. The Colonel was not only a gallant soldier but he
+was a cautious Scotchman. "Well," he said, "I think it was
+Nebuchadnezar, but I would not be willing to back too much on it." It
+is only necessary to turn to the 5th Chapter of Daniel to see who won
+the bets. That night sanction came for several N.C.O.'s and men to go
+on leave to India for a month. Sanction had been hanging fire for some
+time and the lucky ones were beginning to despair. My sergeant was
+among the lucky ones and I knew how pleased he would be when I got
+back and told him to report to Headquarters at 5 the next morning for
+leave to India. It was late when I got back, but little did he mind
+being disturbed to receive such news. I vouch for it that he slept
+well that night and did not oversleep himself in the morning. To those
+in France who get leave every three or four months it is impossible
+to understand what leave even to India once in one or two years
+means, but when the news comes that we can get leave for England, it
+will indeed be a red letter day for us all. I was so exhausted the
+next day with the heat that I was unable to appear at Mess. The
+Colonel sent up to find out what was wrong and wanted me to return to
+the rest camp at once, but I was not sufficiently done up for that,
+and I only relate this incident to show the thoughtfulness of the
+Commanding Officer for those under him.
+
+[Illustration: Quartermaster-sergeant HOBBS.]
+
+[Illustration: The Regimental Sergeant-major In The Trenches.
+Sergeant-major A. SMART, M.C.]
+
+[Illustration: Pipe Major KEITH.]
+
+[Illustration: No. 3 British General Hospital.]
+
+The next evening after the Regiment was relieved the reserves being
+the last to come out of the trenches, I found a horse waiting for me,
+on the Commanding Officer's instructions, so that I would not have the
+exertion of the march back to camp; that and similar incidents made
+our affection for our Commanding Officer a very real thing. But being
+in reserve had one compensation, in the early morning before the sun
+rose and just at dawn to lie and watch the wonderful colourings on the
+Pusht-i-Kuh Hills, colours changing every moment, was always
+pleasurable, and suddenly a shell would burst near the artillery
+position and one would know the daily Hate and Strafe had started, and
+shortly after the sun would rise. We spent some uncomfortable evenings
+being shelled in these trenches, and watching and waiting for them to
+burst was not an enjoyable occupation. There were no safe dug-outs to
+seek safety in, one had to stick it out wherever one was situated and
+hope for the best. The damage done was seldom great beyond knocking
+the trenches about a bit and these were soon repaired. Having been put
+in charge of a digging party one morning in the rearward area whose
+duty it was to widen and deepen a communication trench, I saw a good
+opportunity while the work was going on of looking for souvenirs in
+the shape of Turkish shell caps. So getting out of the trench I
+commenced a search and continued for some time but without success,
+when I was driven to seek shelter in the trench by a shell bursting in
+close proximity, they had evidently spotted someone walking about and
+opened fire, but it did not last for long. During our period in the
+trenches if there was very little doing, as was usually the case
+during the hot weeks, we were in turn sent down to the Depot three
+miles behind for two days' rest, and it was an absolute and complete
+rest. One had nothing whatever to do, get up at any time, go to bed at
+any time, complete relaxation, those two days were a great boon to us.
+To have absolutely nothing to do was a great luxury and anything out
+of the ordinary routine was enjoyable. During my spell of leave at the
+Depot one evening sitting round the Mess table which we had outside on
+account of the great heat, we were discussing the movements of the
+Regiment during the past 20 years and when I remarked that I had
+watched the Regiment embarking at Durban for India 15 years before,
+the Quartermaster said, "I was there and out of the whole Battalion
+that embarked that day, there are only two of us left with the
+Regiment, the Sergeant-Major and myself". I little thought as I
+watched the 2nd Battalion saying farewell to South Africa that 15
+years later I would share in some of its trials on the banks of the
+Tigris. Sitting in the Headquarters Mess in the evening, as I
+previously stated, one got all the news, about 8 o'clock the
+Quartermaster would appear having come up from the Depot in charge of
+the rations party and to make his report. The mails would be
+brought up by them too and if the English mail was due and had arrived
+with letters and papers great was the excitement. Our letters took
+about six weeks from England to the firing line, but we were allowed
+to send week-end cables at a very reduced rate, something like 6_d._ a
+word, and could send them off actually from the trenches on their long
+journey half across the world. The food, taking everything into
+consideration, was good, although of necessity it had to greatly
+consist of tinned and dried varieties and we suffered somewhat from
+lack of fresh vegetables. Later an improvement in this respect was
+effected.
+
+[Illustration: Scenes In The Trenches At San-i-yat.]
+
+[Illustration: The Filters.]
+
+[Illustration: Captain MACQUEEN, R.A.M.C., And His Aid Post.]
+
+[Illustration: Indian Water Carriers At San-i-yat.]
+
+A flag of truce was always an interesting event. A white flag would be
+prominently displayed by one side above the trench and kept there till
+the other side responded and also hoisted a flag, and two or three
+officers would go out from either side meeting in the middle of "No
+Man's Land" where the business was discussed. Sometimes it would be
+simply handing over a letter or letters; other times the business
+would take longer. A truce of some hours' duration would sometimes be
+arranged. The longest I remember was for 24 hours when we exchanged
+sick prisoners; but there was no fraternizing; we might sit on the
+parapet of our trench and the Turk would do the same; but there was no
+attempt made to be friendly; the Turk knew and so did we that within a
+few short months we would be at death grips with each other and that
+one side or the other would be driven out of the present strong
+positions we had taken up; but whichever side won, the losses of both
+would be great and so we sat and looked at each other during those
+short respites, and both sides adhered strictly to the truce. When it
+expired it was not safe to show even a helmet over the parapet. The
+Colonel told me that several times the same Turkish officer brought
+the flag of truce. He spoke French easily and said he had been
+fighting more or less continuously the last eight years--in the Iraq
+against Arabs, in Tripoli against the Italians, in Gallipoli, and now
+on the Tigris against the British. He had been wounded four times, and
+was again wounded and taken prisoner by us during the advance, 1917.
+In 1916 we were fighting a foe, elated by his success at Kut, and it
+was only after our victories in the spring of 1917, that he showed any
+signs of war weariness.
+
+One hot and sunny morning I was speaking to one of our sentries who
+had been watching a Turk appear above their parapet and had already
+had one shot at him and was waiting to get another and I had scarcely
+moved a 100 yards down the trench when the unfortunate sentry having
+looked over too far received a bullet clean through his head. Once or
+twice during the hot weather bombing parties went over for short raids
+but without very much success and very little advantage.
+
+I witnessed no instance of gas being used but precautions were taken
+and gas helmets issued with orders that they must always be carried
+whilst in the fire zone. Gongs were placed at intervals all along the
+front line and had to be sounded at the first alarm, but fortunately
+that alarm never came.
+
+[Illustration: The Regiment In The Trenches At San-i-yat.]
+
+[Illustration: In The San-i-yat Trenches.]
+
+[Illustration: Looking Towards The Turkish Lines At San-i-yat.]
+
+One of my duties was to buy stores for the Officers' Mess and the
+men's canteen and before Field Force Canteens were opened immediately
+behind the firing line it meant a trip down to Sheikh Saad about once
+a month, after the arrival of the canteen boat, of which we were
+duly notified. Buying was usually brisk but we generally got our fair
+share of anything going and the Regimental Canteen retailed to the men
+at just above cost price, everything was disposed of in a very short
+space of time as the things for sale were looked upon as luxuries and
+in great demand. On the morning of the anniversary of Loos the
+Commanding Officer addressed the Regiment and proclaimed the day a
+holiday stating that night a ration of whisky would be issued to
+commemorate the event. I heard afterwards that it was all the
+Sergeant-Major could do to keep the men from cheering, weeks and
+months had passed since the men had had anything stronger than tea to
+drink and this ration was much appreciated. Another very welcome event
+was the arrival of parcels from Lady Carmichael's Gift Fund in
+Calcutta. A great deal of gratitude is due to Lady Carmichael and her
+staff and the ladies of India for the way the fund was organised. They
+sent us shirts and shorts and towels and soap, razors, chocolates,
+mufflers, cigarettes, tobacco, tinned fruit and _chutney_. Certainly
+the best _chutney_ I ever tasted came in a gift, I remember it was
+home made and came from Assam and the maker's name written on the jar.
+I told the Mess Sergeant to write a special letter thanking the maker,
+thinking that by doing so some more might appear. But I am sorry to
+have to say, none did. As the summer began to draw to an end
+preparations had to be made for the winter. The terrific heat of the
+summer had gone and now the biting cold of winter had to be prepared
+for. If the coming winter was going to be anything like the previous
+one, then we were going to suffer; but preparations for it were in
+full swing. The Doctor gave an order for a supply of rubber water
+bottles for his aid post, whereupon a very liberal and kind-hearted
+officer cabled home for one for each officer. I don't know if anyone
+else used them for heat purposes. I know I used mine. Fifteen years in
+tropical climates has made the 'cold' one of my worst enemies, but if
+they were not used as hot water bottles they certainly were as air
+cushions; this same officer never neglected an opportunity of doing
+acts of kindness to his brother officers and men immediately under his
+command, and when he was eventually invalided to India he still
+remembered his friends and sent them delightful and much appreciated
+parcels.
+
+[Illustration: Qualat Saleh.]
+
+[Illustration: Rawal Pindi Hospital, Amara.]
+
+[Illustration: On The Banks Of The Tigris.]
+
+[Illustration: A Marching Post.]
+
+[Illustration: The Bridge At Arab Village.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+
+Everything was ready. The Regiment was in excellent form and fettle,
+highly trained and efficient, and the powers that be knew that it
+could be depended on to a man. The first rains had fallen and it was
+cool without being cold. Mesopotamia takes a long time to cool after
+the great summer heat and does not usually get very cold till January,
+and on December 13th the British offensive began on the right bank of
+the Tigris near Kut, and very severe fighting took place. It was not
+till February 1917 that the last Turkish position on this bank was
+captured. In the meantime, on the left bank, the position for the
+moment remained much the same. Limpits could not cling with greater
+tenacity to their native rock than the Turks stuck to their position
+at San-i-yat. It would seem as if nothing could drive them out from
+this, the strongest position in Mesopotamia. 'Xmas Day and New Year's
+Day were spent out of the trenches, but in the forward area. Events
+were moving rapidly on the other bank, but the marvellous secrecy with
+which the Commander-in-Chief kept all his plans inspired the greatest
+confidence in those under him. No one knew his plans; everything was a
+dead secret; it was even rumoured that his immediate staff were often
+kept in ignorance up to the last moment, but all ranks had confidence.
+On January 21st at 4 p.m. we struck camp at Faliyeh, crossed the river
+and for 10 days occupied a position along the Narrows from Chahela
+Mounds to near Beit-a-Essa, a distance of about five miles,
+establishing picquets along the line. This was a most welcome change.
+We had been on one side of the river for practically a whole year and
+new duties and new country broke the monotony. Each Company was
+divided up. Three Companies holding the line along the Tigris bank and
+the fourth in reserve. Casualties were very light and Captain Haldane
+did excellent work sniping and kept the enemy well in hand. The
+gunners were good enough to remark that a great change was noticeable
+since the line had been taken over by us; this was probably a little
+bit of flattery on the part of the Artillery men, but it was quite
+welcome. During these days the Commanding Officer was an unknown
+quantity as one never knew where he would next appear on the five-mile
+line. I think that he must have known every inch of it. We were
+relieved by another Highland Regiment and a very pleasant ten days
+came to an end with a march back across the river to the forward area
+and back to the now muddy trench at San-i-yat. It was now bitterly
+cold and uncomfortable at night and the mud in the trench almost as
+bad as the dust in the summer. Bombardments were of daily occurrence
+and the Turk must have had a most uncomfortable January. About the
+middle of February the Army Commander determined to make a combined
+attack with one force at the Shumran bend, and with one of our
+brigades at San-i-yat. The attack at San-i-yat was delivered by two
+Indian Battalions of our Brigade under great disadvantages, and though
+at first successful, the attackers were eventually compelled to
+withdraw back to our lines. Every officer and every man regretted
+that the Battalion had not been selected to take part in the attack in
+the first instance, and were eager to lead the Brigade in another
+assault. This indeed was the wish of the whole Brigade, and orders in
+fact were issued to that effect, but two days later, when every
+arrangement had been completed, it was decided to make the attack with
+a fresh Brigade and ours was withdrawn and held as a reserve.
+
+[Illustration: Scenes On The River Tigris.]
+
+[Illustration: A Post On The Tigris.]
+
+Before leaving the trenches, however, the Colonel ordered two
+officer's patrols to go out the last night to examine the enemy's wire
+and locate, if possible, the position of their machine guns, thinking
+thus to assist the attack of the coming Brigade. Of these patrols one
+was led by Lieut. Cowie and met with rather exciting adventures. Cowie
+and two scouts crawled across "No Man's Land" to within 20 yards of
+the Turkish trench without mishap. Then creeping along the enemy's
+wire they spotted a machine gun with the team standing beside it.
+Right into this group the three threw three grenades, wounding several
+Turks as we afterwards learned. Inevitably the alarm was given, rifle
+fire broke out in all directions and, before the patrol could make
+good their escape, Cowie and one of his men were hit. The Turks saw
+the two figures lying close to their own wire, jumped the parapet, and
+made both prisoners, and carried them within their lines. They were
+well treated, if not well fed, by their captors, and two days later
+when the retirement began were moved out of the Turkish hospital on to
+a steamer. This boat was one of two that when trying to escape some
+days later up the Tigris were captured, after a short but severe
+engagement, by our gunboats. Cowie, in the confusion of the fight,
+forced the pilot of his steamer to run her aground and, though most
+of the Turks effected their escape, Cowie and his orderly instead of
+continuing their journey to Aleppo, found themselves at General
+Headquarters attended to by several surgeons and Intelligence
+Officers, anxious to dress their wounds and hear their story.
+
+On the 22nd the attack was delivered by a battalion of Highlanders and
+a Punjabi battalion. Under a heavy artillery bombardment they gained
+the enemy's first line without much loss. Then after severe fighting
+they captured the enemy's second line and consolidated their position.
+The Turks made several counter attacks and though nothing could move
+the Highlanders, the position on the left was not quite secure. Our
+battalion was therefore ordered back to the trenches, and the Colonel
+obtained leave to send two platoons under Captain Young across to the
+Turkish position in order to strengthen the left of our new line.
+Captain Young was wounded, but the two platoons that night and the
+following day held the line down to the river where a counter attack
+was most expected.
+
+The Colonel asked leave to push forward that day, but it was not till
+nightfall that two battalions of our Brigade were ordered to pass
+through the other Brigade and take the enemy's 4th line. It was
+necessarily a slow business moving up unknown trenches at night, and
+the battalion on our left met with considerable resistance. However,
+if progress was slow it was sure, our patrols pushed steadily forward,
+the enemy's snipers were forced back and before dawn the whole
+San-i-yat position was in our hands, and the Turks in full retreat.
+Thus fell this position which for ten long months had held us up, and
+had claimed such a big toll of lives from both sides. The sky was
+clear and without cloud. The same sun shone out on victors as on
+vanquished, on pursued and pursuers. One wondered how often, ten
+months before, the gallant defenders of Kut had looked towards this
+position longing, hoping, praying for its capture which was only now
+accomplished. Meanwhile after very hard fighting the Tigris had been
+bridged at Shumran above Kut and our infantry was pouring across.
+Patrols of the 2nd Battalion were immediately sent forward towards the
+Nakhailat position some two miles further east and the two leading
+companies followed in attack formation. An Indian battalion conformed
+to our movements on the left, while the leading battalions of the
+other Brigade began to appear on our right rear. None of our men will
+ever forget the scene that morning, nor the feeling of freedom and
+elation as our lines passed over trench after trench now deserted by
+the Turks, and it was these trenches over which we were now so
+casually advancing that we had been anxiously watching from behind our
+parapet for nearly a year. It seemed increditable, but we passed by
+trenches filled with Turkish dead. We passed several of the heavy
+minenwerfers whose shells had been a source of such trouble and loss
+the last few months, and before 8 a.m. after some little sniping and
+the capture of a few prisoners the Nakhailat position was also ours.
+Here a pause was made by order of the General to give time to another
+Brigade to secure our right flank, and then in conjunction with the
+Indians on our left the Regiment advanced in attack formation with
+patrols well ahead against the Suwada position, but the crossing of
+the Shumran Bend the day before had rendered resistance impossible
+and, after a little firing and the capture of a few more prisoners,
+the last of the Turkish trenches fell into our hands before noon.
+
+The Divisional Commander now ordered a halt. An order doubtless
+necessary, but that was somewhat reluctantly obeyed, the troops being
+anxious to get in touch with their vanishing foe, and it was not till
+4 p.m. that an order came to send two patrols some four miles further
+north to the Horse Shoe lake. As it was uncertain what they might
+encounter the Commanding Officer sent forward four platoons and they
+reached the Nwhrwan Ridge without opposition. Our Colonel proposed
+that the rest of the Brigade should push forward after the enemy, but
+instead of this patrols were brought back about midnight, and it was
+not till the next day that the line of the Dahra Canal was taken up by
+the Division, the Turks by then being many miles to the north.
+
+On February 24th Kut fell in the hands of the British and the King
+cabled to the Army Commander:
+
+"I congratulate you and the troops under your command on the successes
+recently obtained, and feel confident that all ranks will spare no
+effort to achieve further success. It is gratifying to me to know that
+the difficulties of communications which hitherto hampered your
+operations have been overcome" George R.I.
+
+[Illustration: LUNN Has A Quiet Rest And Smoke.]
+
+[Illustration: B. H. LUNN And C. V. HENDRY.]
+
+[Illustration: Map: The Operations At Kut-el-amara, Showing The Wide
+Turning Movements South Of The River.]
+
+When some five months later I stood on the summit of Kut's famous
+minaret, from which Briton and Turk had each in their turn observed
+the enemy closing in on them, and from which one could see the
+junction of the Hai with the Tigris now very low, the ruins of what
+was the Liquorice Factory, and miles away Es Sinn and San-i-yat, it
+was impossible not to be impressed and to feel a certain sadness and
+yet a great admiration for all those lives which had been so freely
+given to uphold the honour of the flag and the dignity of the Empire,
+and how when failure after failure had dogged our steps, grit and
+perseverance had at last won the day, and success crowned our efforts.
+Kut was ours; it must have cheered those lonely prisoners in captivity
+in the fastnesses of Asia Minor when the news eventually leaked
+through that their defeat was avenged and that the flag which
+Townshend had been compelled to haul down once again flew over the
+small but famous village to the Banks of the Tigris.
+
+Pursuing is only slightly less arduous than being pursued, and in his
+despatches well might the Army Commander have quoted those famous
+words used centuries before by another great leader when an equally
+strenuous pursuit was in progress. 'Faint yet pursuing'. One has to
+remember that these same troops had been cooped up in trenches for
+nearly a year, and to suddenly be called upon to take a prominent part
+in such a pursuit as was now in progress was no ordinary strain. Not a
+man in No. 1. Platoon fell out on the march from San-i-yat to Baghdad,
+a record of which the platoon and its officer might well be proud. The
+going was bad, there was no road as one understands a road in England,
+it was plain flat open country. A stay was made at Dahra and then a
+night march carried us to Shumran, where there were signs of a cavalry
+fight and prisoners were being brought in.
+
+The Brigade had orders to clear the battlefield and booty of all
+kinds, guns and ammunition were collected, rifles which had been
+thrown away, as it is easier to run without one than with, and what
+little surplus kit the Turk possessed had been discarded, so that his
+flight might not be impeded; they were all out for Baghdad and we were
+all out after them, but we were out-running our Transport and
+Supplies, and the meals during the great pursuit were both scanty and
+irregular, but who cared, so long as we had enough to carry us on. All
+England was looking on, and day by day following our progress with
+feverish interest. "Is Baghdad going to be taken" was on everyone's
+lips. Beards were making their appearance even on the youngest
+soldiers' chins, numbers of men were being knocked up by the
+continuous strain and a four days' halt was called at Sheik Jaad, No.
+1 Company being sent forward to Beghailah. Still pressing forward we
+reached Azizie, 46 miles from Baghdad, and the total number of
+prisoners since the advance now mounted to well over 5,000. Turkish
+depots and stores at many points were in flames, 38 guns, many machine
+guns, trench mortars, ships, tugs and barges, miscellaneous river
+craft and bridging material fell into our hands.
+
+Booty was strewn over 80 miles of country and the Arabs living in the
+neighbourhood must have secured sufficient goods of various
+description to last them the rest of their lives.
+
+Zeur, Bustan, then Ctesiphon were all passed, there being no time or
+opportunity to stay and examine the famous arch. But as we halted for
+the night beside the magnificent ruin, one could but reflect on the
+ironies of a soldier's fortune. Here it was, long before the arch was
+built, that the Emperor Julian, marching from Constantinople, had been
+forced to halt his army, and met with disaster and death; and under
+the ruins of this great arch Townshend, advancing from Basra, had
+engaged in the battle that eventually brought his division to disaster
+and captivity. And now Maude, encamped for the night beside the
+ancient city walls, was pressing forward with his whole force to the
+capture of Baghdad and Samarra.
+
+[Illustration: Different Types Of Boats On The Tigris.]
+
+[Illustration: Sailing Boats On The Tigris.]
+
+The next morning, the 9th of March, we were glad of a short march to
+Bawi. The Division crossed the Tigris by a pontoon bridge that night;
+our Brigade being in reserve. After a hard march we reached Shawa
+Khan, the enemy retiring before us and our Brigade came under shell
+fire only. The following day was a very trying one. A gale was blowing
+right in our faces, and the dust was so thick that our movements on
+that day resembled some horrible night march. We manoeuvred the whole
+day, and twice the orders for attack were cancelled owing to the
+difficulty of gaining contact with the enemy. Towards evening we
+struck the Euphrates-Baghdad Railway and were preparing to attack when
+orders came postponing further movements till midnight. Never had any
+of us experienced such a dust storm. With great difficulty we brought
+up the 2nd Line Transport, filled the men's water bottles, and formed
+a Brigade bivouac. Movement was again postponed till 3 a.m. on account
+of the storm, though some of us thought it had been better to take
+advantage of the darkness and make the attack at once. At 3 a.m. our
+patrols were sent forward, the Battalion following in artillery
+formation. Right well led, the patrols pushed on meeting with no real
+resistance. When about a mile short of the Iron Bridge that crosses
+the Kharr Canal, the Colonel received a message that our leading
+patrol had gained the railway station in Baghdad before 6 a.m., that
+no Turks remained, and that we were driving out the Arabs with little
+difficulty. This information was immediately sent back to the Army
+Commander, and the Red Haeckle was the first British emblem seen in
+Baghdad. The Medical Officer of the Battalion observing a Turkish flag
+flying over a building, quickly climbed up and hauled it down. That
+flag is now a trophy of the Regiment.
+
+The Turks had fled, but all that morning firing continued both in the
+town and neighbouring palm groves, caused chiefly by Arabs and Kurds
+shooting and looting in all directions. The Brigade, under General
+Thompson, had the well deserved honour of marching through the city,
+and order and confidence was soon established. The Regiment took an
+outpost position on the north of the City towards Kadhimain, and very
+pleasant was the rest under the shade of the palm groves.
+
+The fall of Baghdad was a severe blow not only to the Turks but to the
+whole Quadruple Alliance, but how many who read that cheering and
+inspiring news on the morning of March 12th thought of the trials
+endured and overcome, thought of the sacrifices and losses that had
+been endured to make that news possible. How many knew of the advance
+in the blinding dust storm, when men gasped for air and water. How
+many knew of the fight on the Dialah when the Lancashires covered
+themselves with glory; these things are not always published but they
+were suffered, and suffered in such a manner that one felt it a
+privilege to belong to the same Regiment, Division or Army, and when
+the congratulatory message from the King, our Colonel in Chief, was
+read to the different regiments: 'It is with the greatest satisfaction
+that I have received the good news that you have occupied Baghdad. I
+heartily congratulate you and your troops on their success achieved
+under so many difficulties,' one knew that the Head of all our race
+understood and appreciated all that had been endured suffered, and
+accomplished.
+
+[Illustration: On Board A Paddle Boat Going Up The Tigris.]
+
+[Illustration: Kurnah, Supposed Site Of The Garden Of Eden. 124 deg. in
+shade when this was taken.]
+
+[Illustration: Waiting For Another Boat To Pass.]
+
+[Illustration: Baghdad As It Exists To-day. Drawn from photographs and
+a plan provided by the National Electric Construction Company,
+Limited.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+THE BATTLE BEYOND BAGHDAD.
+
+By Brigadier-general A. G. WAUCHOPE, C.M.G., D.S.O.
+
+
+The following Chapter appeared in _Blackwoods Magazine_ for August
+1917:--'On the banks of the Tigris I am lying in the shadow of a palm,
+looking down the river on the brick walls and mud roofs, on the
+mosques and minarets of the city of Baghdad, and as I look I am lost
+in wonder. For although I am now lying in a grove of date-palms, it is
+fifteen months since I have seen a tree of any kind; it is fifteen
+months since I have seen a house or lain under a roof; and this girl
+coming towards me with hesitating steps, clothed in rags and patches,
+this little date-seller with her pale face and dark eyes, her empty
+basket resting on her small, well-shaped head--this is the first woman
+I have seen or spoken to for more than a year.'
+
+Perhaps it is the twilight which gives a feeling of mystery and beauty
+unknown in the glare and noise of midday, and I hardly know, as the
+Tigris seems to lose itself in the evening mists, above which the
+golden minarets of Kazimain still shine and glitter in the setting
+sun, whether I am truly in the land of reality or if I still linger
+but half awake in the realm of dreams and fancies, where stand the
+gates of horn and ivory.
+
+[Illustration: The Transport Officer.]
+
+[Illustration: Captain R. MACFARLANE, M.C. Killed In Action.]
+
+[Illustration: Arabs Bargaining On The Tigris Banks With Troops Going
+Up River. A brisk trade is done in eggs and fowls.]
+
+For to how many during the past two years has not flashed the dream of
+the capture of this city, Dar-al-Salam, the City of Security? And of
+those who have seen the vision, how many have wondered from which gate
+the dream has issued, and how many have been filled with confidence?
+For that vision has drawn many thousands from Basrah and Amarah--many
+who are now here in the hour of victory, many who now lie where they
+fell on the field of battle, and many who are still prisoners and
+captives.
+
+A few days ago, as the columns of the Army of Mesopotamia were
+hurrying past the great Arch of Ctesiphon, it was impossible not to
+think of the ---- Division arriving there some eighteen months
+earlier--that gallant ---- Division, war-worn and depleted in numbers
+but ever victorious, who found at Ctesiphon, in the hour of their last
+and most glorious victory, the beginning of their undoing and tragic
+end.
+
+What dream was it of a captured city, of a City of Security, that
+lured them to their doom, and who was the first dreamer? And who next
+saw the second dream of fresh battalions and a new organisation that
+would lead without fail to Baghdad, and had the gift to know that this
+dream, unlike the other, had passed through the gate of horn?
+
+So I mused but a week ago in the palm groves that had been ringing
+that very morning with rifle-shots, but seemed so quiet and peaceful
+in the evening light that I felt all the rush of the past pursuit was
+over, that our efforts had not only been crowned with success, but
+that a period of rest would now be given to man and beast. For the
+pursuit had been much more than merely a hot and dusty march of 120
+miles from San-i-yat to Baghdad.
+
+All through January and February the Army Commander had been preparing
+the way by a series of small victories which gradually drove the
+Turks, holding the right bank of the Tigris, across the Shatt-al-Hai,
+and a dozen miles above Kut. Then came the combined master-stroke on
+February 22 and 23. First, on the 22nd, came the successful attack on
+the San-i-yat trenches--the position that had held us at bay for a
+twelve month--the position that had finally checked our troops,
+struggling most bravely, but struggling in vain, for the relief of
+their comrades in Kut. This success drew several Turkish battalions to
+the help of the San-i-yat garrison, and so weakened the Turkish line
+elsewhere. And then at dawn, on the 23rd, came the crossing of the
+Tigris five miles above the Shatt-al-Hai--a crossing that will remain
+famous in history--when the bravery of the troops will not make one
+forget the careful preparation of the Commander and his skill in
+making success possible, by causing the Turk to mass his troops both
+above and below the actual point selected for crossing.
+
+This well-timed and brilliantly executed stroke had sent the Turk
+flying; but though in the two months' fighting he had lost over 8,000
+in prisoners and more than that number in killed and wounded, he was
+still able to fight a series of stubborn rearguard actions before the
+road was free to Baghdad. It was dawn on the 11th of March before the
+Highlanders, who were leading, reached the city, and an order to rest
+and be thankful had been welcome to troops more used to trench warfare
+than constant rapid marching in the open.
+
+[Illustration: Ezra's Tomb.]
+
+[Illustration: An Arab Village.]
+
+[Illustration: Fishing By Net On The Tigris.]
+
+[Illustration: Arabs Selling Produce On The Banks Of The River.]
+
+[Illustration: On The Banks Of The Tigris.]
+
+But when airmen brought intelligence that the enemy was holding an
+entrenched position some twenty miles north of the city, it was
+obvious that some of us must move up-river and drive him back.
+
+It was once remarked by an American officer, who had served throughout
+the Civil War, that he knew that every soldier in the army was always
+longing to be in the next battle. He knew this because it was so said
+by every general and so written by every newspaper editor. And yet,
+although he had served in several regiments during the war, he had
+always found that that particular itch was more lively in neighbouring
+units than in his own.
+
+So when orders arrived on the 13th of March for our Division to
+advance that night, our friends from other divisions congratulated us
+with what seemed almost undue heartiness on our good fortune in being
+selected, and the estimate of the numbers of the opposing Turks rose
+rapidly from five thousand to fifteen thousand. However, the estimated
+number finally settled down to about half that, with thirty guns, and
+these figures were subsequently substantiated by captured prisoners.
+
+These orders put an end to the peaceful enjoyment of the palm grove,
+and preparations were hurried forward. Blankets and waterproof sheets
+were all stacked, men and officers all carried their own great coats
+and rations for the next day, water-bottles were filled that
+afternoon, and enough water was carried on mules to refill them once
+the next day, and no more given to man or animal till the morning of
+the 15th. This should be borne in mind when judging of the
+difficulties overcome by the troops in this action, for the shade
+temperature on the 14th was about 80 deg., and there was no shade.
+
+The Turk certainly had judged it impossible for us to advance so far
+from the river, for we learned later that he had laid out the trace of
+most of his trenches between the river and the railway; but our main
+attack was delivered west of the railway, a success there forcing the
+withdrawal of the whole of his line.
+
+Save for several severe dust-storms the whole pursuit had been blessed
+with fine weather, and it was on a beautiful starlit night that our
+Division formed up along the railway for the march towards Mushaidie,
+a station some twenty miles north of Baghdad on the direct road to
+Berlin.
+
+Night marches, the text-book says, may be made for several reasons,
+but it does not suggest that one of these ever could be for pleasure.
+Constant and unexpected checks break the swing that counts so much for
+comfort on a long march; hurrying on to make up for lost ground,
+stumbling in rough places, belated units pushing past to the front,
+whispered but heated arguments with staff officers, all threaten the
+calm of a peaceful evening and also that of a well-balanced mind. Many
+a soldier sadly misses his pipe, which, of course, may not be lit on a
+night march; but to me a greater loss is the silence of those other
+pipes, for the sound of the bagpipes will stir up a thousand memories
+in a Highland regiment, and nothing helps a column of weary
+foot-soldiers so well as pipe-music, backed by the beat of drum. This
+march was neither better nor worse than its fellows, and we had
+covered some fourteen miles before we halted at dawn. Then we lay
+down, gnawed a biscuit, tasted the precious water in our bottles, and
+waited for what news airmen would bring of the enemy.
+
+[Illustration: The Course Of The Baghdad Railway.]
+
+[Illustration: Different Types In Mesopotamia.]
+
+The day is not wasted on which one has seen the sun rise--perhaps some
+of us changed the old saying, and felt the day would be well spent for
+him who saw the sun set,--for in war, however sure the victory, so
+also is the toll of killed and wounded, and the attack of an enemy
+entrenched in this country, as bare and open as the African veld, is
+done readily, gladly, but not without losses; and the time one thinks
+of these is not in the charge, not in the advance, but in the empty
+period of waiting beforehand. The needle pricks before, not during,
+the race. "Remember only the happy hours," and if the most glorious
+hour in life is the hour of victory in battle, so are the hours
+preceding battle among the most depressing. I confess, as we sat there
+idle in the chill dawn, my mind was filled not only with the hope of
+victory and captured trenches, but with memories of past scenes in
+France and Mesopotamia, and of a strip of ground the evening after
+Magersfontein, each battlefield dotted with little groups of men lying
+rigid, each marked with lines of motionless forms.
+
+Action quickly dispels such thoughts, and we all welcomed the definite
+news that was at last brought of the enemy, and our orders for a
+farther advance. One brigade was immediately sent forward on the east
+side of the railway in order to press back the advanced parties of the
+enemy on their main position, some six miles north of our present
+halting place. A brave sight it is to see a brigade deploying for
+action. Even though the scarlet doublet has given place to the khaki
+jacket, though no pipes sound and no colours are unfurled, the spirit
+still remains; the spirit that in old days led the British line to
+victory still fills these little columns scattered at wide intervals
+over the plain, these little columns of Englishmen, Highlanders,
+Indians, and Gurkhas. The brigade pushed forward for a mile or two
+without opposition, then little puffs of white smoke bursting in the
+air showed that the Turk had opened the battle with salvoes of
+shrapnel; the little columns quickly spread out into thin lines, and
+our batteries trotted forward and were soon themselves engaged in
+action. So far the scene had been clear in every detail, but now as
+the day advanced, the dust from advancing batteries, the smoke and
+mirage, formed a fog of war that telephones and signallers could only
+in part dispel.
+
+The mirage in Mesopotamia does not so much hide as distort the truth.
+The enemy are seldom altogether hidden from view, the trouble is
+rather to tell whether one is observing a cavalry patrol or an
+infantry regiment, or if the object moving forward is not in reality a
+sandhill or a bunch of reeds. The mirage here has certainly a strange
+power of apparently raising objects above the ground-level. I remember
+well from a camp near Falahiyah the Sinn Banks, which are perhaps
+thirty feet above the plain, were quite invisible in the clear morning
+air, but about noon they were easy to distinguish as a cloudy wall
+swaying to and fro in the distant haze. Nor shall I forget the
+instance of an officer who once assured me he had observed five Arab
+horsemen within a mile of our column: we rode forward, and soon the
+five shadowy horsemen gave place to five black crows hopping about by
+the edge of the Suwaicha marsh. But the most curious illusion I have
+seen in this way was looking towards the Pusht-i-Kuh hills across the
+marsh from San-i-yat. The foothills, some thirty miles distant, had
+sometimes the appearance of ending in abrupt white cliffs such as
+one sees at Dover. The cause of this was a great number of dead fish
+which had been stranded as the marsh receded, and their white bellies,
+a mile away, gave the appearance of white cliffs to the base of the
+Persian hills, which in reality slope very gradually down to the level
+of the Tigris valley.
+
+[Illustration: Arab Girl Labourers.]
+
+[Illustration: The Barber.]
+
+[Illustration: Washing Clothes.]
+
+So in Mesopotamian battles, little can be trusted that is seen, and to
+gain information of the enemy commanders are bound to rely on reports
+by aeroplane, messengers, and telephones.
+
+The battle now before us was to be fought over ground typical of the
+Tigris valley and the desert into which it merges. There are no hills,
+trees, or any distinguishing features, but the strip nearest the
+river, varying from one to several miles in breadth, is cultivated and
+intersected with irrigation channels, some six feet, some six inches,
+in width and depth. These are invaluable as cover to troops on the
+defensive, and almost impassable to transport carts. It was here the
+enemy had expected us, and was holding numerous trenches between the
+river and the railway; but our commanders wisely waited till their
+information was complete, and then decided to make our main attack on
+the enemy's extreme right, some six miles from the river. The ground
+in this part is a wide open desert, bare and level except for a few
+low sandhills; but in the dips and hollows below the sandhills the
+khaki-coloured desert changes into a thick growth of fresh green
+grass, dotted with countless daisies and dandelions, and a little
+white flower resembling alyssum giving a sweet smell to all the
+countryside. Some five miles beyond our halting-place a definite ridge
+runs east and west across the railway, and ends in a low sugar-loaf
+hill about forty feet high. This ridge was reported to be entrenched
+and held by the Turk, and this ridge we were ordered to attack and
+capture.
+
+Our first brigade had moved forward on the east side of the railway,
+but had been eventually held up mainly by enfilade artillery fire
+coming from positions stretching nearer to the river than to the
+railway. The whole brigade was now lying stretched out in extended
+order some three thousand yards ahead of us, with the left regiment
+touching the railway embankment. Our brigade had followed for some
+miles in their tracks, but was now ordered to cross to the western
+side of the railway by a small culvert and form up for the main attack
+some three or four miles south of the enemy's position. This was done
+without difficulty, the third brigade of our Division being held in
+support on our left rear.
+
+After the orders and dispositions had been explained to every man,
+magazines were charged, and the Highland regiment deployed into attack
+formation in four lines of half-platoons in file. A battalion of
+Gurkhas was deployed on our left, and the third battalion of the
+brigade was formed up in rear of the Gurkhas. The main attack was thus
+to be delivered on a narrow front of five hundred yards, the
+machine-gun company being held in readiness to support the assaulting
+battalions as occasion offered. The first-line transport with the
+reserve ammunition halted near the culvert through which we had
+crossed the railway, but both our reserve ammunition and our Aide Post
+were brought forward as the attack developed.
+
+[Illustration: Indian Cavalry Watering At Arab Village.]
+
+[Illustration: Landing Stores At Arab Village.]
+
+[Illustration: The Great Bund Built To Keep Back The Marsh At
+Falahiyah.]
+
+[Illustration: The Liquorice Factory, Kut.]
+
+[Illustration: The River At Kut.]
+
+[Illustration: Drawing Water At Kut.]
+
+[Illustration: View From The Kut Minaret Towards The Hai.]
+
+[Illustration: Kut.]
+
+[Illustration: Progress Is Being Made At Kut, It Now Has Its
+Municipality.]
+
+[Illustration: Townshend's Trenches, Kut.]
+
+[Illustration: Looking Towards Kut.]
+
+[Illustration: The Kut Minaret.]
+
+At 3-30 p.m. we advanced, and soon had passed the two field batteries
+covering our front, and reached, without opposition, the lines of the
+first brigade extended on the east side of the railway. About four
+o'clock our patrols reported that the enemy was holding not only the
+main ridge that joins Sugar Loaf Hill with the railway embankment, but
+also a broken line of low sandhills a few hundred yards in front of
+the main position. At the same time some shrapnel burst over our
+leading platoons, and a party of Turks, directly on our left, opened
+long-range rifle fire. The battalion halted under cover of some
+sandhills, the final orders were issued, and half a company and two
+machine-guns were sent to clear the enemy firing from our left flank.
+
+Happily the latter retired at once when fired on, and the battalion
+advanced in perfect order, the small columns extending into line as
+the enemy's rifle fire grew more and more severe. The Turkish
+batteries now kept up a regular fire of both shrapnel and
+high-explosive shell, but these detonated badly, and our losses on
+this account were small. A _rafale_ of shrapnel will of course destroy
+any infantry moving in the open, but intermittent shelling, although
+it appears to be terribly destructive, will not stop resolute troops
+determined to press forward. But the farther we advanced the more
+evident it became that Sugar Loaf Hill was the key of the position. It
+stood seven or eight hundred yards west of the railway, and the
+enemy's riflemen from the entrenchments on top brought a deadly
+enfilade fire to bear on our advancing lines. The Gurkhas moving in
+echelon on our left escaped this, but to meet it and to dominate the
+enemy's fire, the Highlanders were compelled to extend to the left,
+their supporting platoons being used to fill up the gap. Two
+machine-gun sections also pressed gallantly forward, and in spite of
+continual and heavy losses from now onwards, did much to help us to
+gain superiority of fire over the enemy.
+
+The battle was now divided into two parts. On our left the Turks had
+been forced to retire from their advanced positions, but on the right
+they still held some trenches among the broken ground near the
+railway, two hundred yards in advance of the main position on the
+ridge; but on the right our losses had not been so severe, nor was our
+line so extended.
+
+On the left the Turk occupied no advanced positions, but he outflanked
+our line, and the enfilade fire from his commanding positions was
+causing such losses that it seemed impossible for our men to continue
+the advance without strong artillery support. Unfortunately this was
+not forthcoming at the time, because our covering batteries had found
+they were at extreme range, and were now in the act of moving to a
+more forward position. If an attacking line wavers and halts within
+close range of an enemy entrenched, that attack is _done_ until
+supports come up and give it again an impetus forward. But there were
+now few supports available, and the moment most critical.
+
+Yet all along our front small sections of Highlanders still continued
+to rise up, make a rush forward, and fling themselves down, weaker
+perhaps by two or three of their number, but another thirty yards
+nearer the enemy. Now the last supports pressed into the firing line,
+and as one leader fell, another took his place. One platoon changed
+commanders six times in as many minutes, but a lance-corporal led the
+remaining men with the same dash and judgment as his seniors.
+
+[Illustration: The Assistant Adjutant.]
+
+[Illustration: Captain W. A. YOUNG, Commanding No. 2 Company.]
+
+[Illustration: The Money Changer]
+
+It was at this time our Lewis gun teams lost so heavily. The weight of
+the gun and the extra ammunition carried renders their movements
+slower than that of their comrades, and consequently the teams offer a
+better target as well as one specially sought for by the enemy. The
+officer in charge, Lieut. Gillespie, had brought up two of our guns in
+the endeavour to subdue the fire from Sugar Loaf Hill, but at the very
+moment of giving the range his left arm was shattered. He had been
+light-weight champion of India, and as he now continued fighting, I
+could not but compare him to his famous predecessor in the Ring, who
+carried on the fight with one arm broken. I know those brave, brown
+eyes of his never flinched in pain, nor wavered in doubt, as he made
+his way back, not to the Aide Post, but in order to bring forward two
+more guns for the same purpose. But, alas! while directing their fire
+he was seen by some Turkish riflemen and fell, never again to rise,
+his breast pierced by two bullets.
+
+A number of staff and artillery officers witnessed this attack by a
+Highland regiment. Some were chiefly impressed by so much individual
+gallantry, others at the example of what can be achieved by collective
+determination. Was it the result of hard and constant training,
+perfect discipline, or _esprit de corps_ that at this moment of trial
+made these thin extended lines work as if by clockwork to their own
+saving and the victory of our arms?
+
+It was during this advance of five hundred yards that the regiment met
+with its heaviest losses. With four officers and half his men killed
+or wounded, and an enemy machine-gun pouring a continuous stream of
+bullets on to the remainder, the situation is not a happy one for a
+company sergeant-major, and this was the situation which the young
+Sergeant-Major Ben Houston of our left company had now to face. He
+turned round, as so often in battle one does turn round, hoping to see
+supports pushing forward, and a bullet seared an ugly line across both
+shoulders. Without waiting, he led his men on, and another bullet
+struck his bayonet; fragments cut his face and made his eye swell, so
+that he could not see out of it. Yet when I met him at midnight after
+the last charge, he told me much of the battle and nothing of his
+wounds. High praise is due to those who, although weakened by wounds,
+continue fighting and undertaking fresh responsibilities.
+
+The company next on the left fared little better, but these two
+companies forced the enemy back, and occupied the low sandhills some
+two hundred yards in advance of his main position, and there waited,
+by order, before making the final assault. The left company lost two
+signallers killed, and the next company had four signallers all
+wounded in the act of calling for more ammunition. Ammunition was
+brought up, but, though many brave men fell and many brave deeds were
+done, nothing was carried out with greater bravery, nothing
+contributed more to our success, than the maintenance of communication
+throughout the battle.
+
+[Illustration: No. 1 Company Prepares For Inter-company Cross-country
+Run.]
+
+[Illustration: Highland Games On The Tigris Front.]
+
+[Illustration: The Last Meal In Camp.]
+
+[Illustration: The Men's Field Kitchen.]
+
+[Illustration: Staff Of Officers' Mess At San-i-yat.]
+
+[Illustration: Loading Up The Kits.]
+
+The left half battalion, reduced to less than half of its original
+numbers, was in need of help. This help it now gained from the action
+of the companies on the right. Undismayed by the enemy shell and rifle
+fire, these two companies, gallantly assisted by the Indian battalion
+on the east side of the railway, pressed forward, and at five o'clock
+charged the enemy, and drove him out of his advanced trenches at the
+point of the bayonet. The very quickness of the manoeuvre had
+ensured its success, though it was only achieved with considerable
+loss to ourselves as well as to the Turk. But the gain was great.
+Small parties of Highlanders now crept forward among the sand-dunes,
+two Lewis guns were taken to the east side of the railway embankment,
+and a hot enfilade fire was brought to bear on the enemy main
+position. So effective was this that the Turks were forced to evacuate
+the ridge for some 400 yards nearest the railway, and even from Sugar
+Loaf Hill his fire weakened, and the relief to our left half battalion
+and to the Gurkhas was correspondingly great. Streams of wounded Turks
+were also seen passing from the ridge to the rear: it was not only the
+British who suffered losses on the 14th of March.
+
+The situation was now greatly in our favour, and it only wanted a
+final charge to complete the success. But this assault could not be
+made without either artillery support or the arrival of fresh troops
+to fill up our depleted and extended ranks. Our Colonel, therefore,
+ordered all companies to wait in the positions they had gained, but to
+be ready to charge immediately after the batteries had bombarded the
+enemy trenches. Consequently, during the next hour both sides remained
+on the defensive.
+
+Little ironies pursue us through life; in battle Death sometimes comes
+with a touch so swift and so ironical that we are made to fear God
+truly.
+
+Englishmen have learned now the meaning of the saying, dear to the
+French soldier, "de ne pas s'en faire," and in the lull of battle
+before the bombardment, Sergeant Strachan and Cleek Smith talked of
+old times. There had been nine Strachans in the regiment when we
+landed in France two and a half years ago, one of whom was then my
+orderly. "Any news this morning?" I would sometimes ask.--"Nothing
+much, sir, only another of the Strachans was killed last night." My
+orderly had become a sergeant, but the other eight were no longer with
+the battalion. They had all left, "on command." "Yes," said Cleek
+Smith, "I wonder why it is so many poor chaps get it the minute they
+join the regiment, while fellows like you and me go through one show
+after another and never get a scratch." Scarce a bullet was fired
+during that half-hour, yet as a full stop to his question came one
+that found a way to that gallant heart, which had never failed him in
+the most critical fight, nor on the most dangerous duty when out
+scouting. Cleek Smith, you know the answer now to an even greater
+Riddle than the one you put to the last of the Strachans. No man
+liveth unto himself, and whoever dies in battle, dies for his
+regiment, his country, and the cause.
+
+The telephone plays an important part in open warfare, as it does in
+the trenches, and though the Brigade Signalling Officer and many of
+his men were killed, intermittent communication was kept up throughout
+the battle between the battalion, the covering batteries, and the
+Brigade Commander. The value of this was now extreme. By telephone our
+Colonel communicated his intentions to the firing line, and thus
+prevented those sporadic attacks by independent platoons, at once so
+gallant, so ineffective, and so deadly in losses. By telephone he
+explained the situation to the Brigadier, who ordered up half a
+battalion of another Highland regiment, old friends of ours, but never
+more wanted than now, and by telephone he arranged that the
+batteries should bombard as heavily as possible the trenches on the
+right of Sugar Loaf Hill, the bombardment to begin at 6.25 and to last
+for six minutes.
+
+[Illustration: Sergeant-major I. E. NIVEN.]
+
+[Illustration: Interior Of A Hospital Ward In Mesopotamia.]
+
+During this hour rifle fire grew less and less, artillery firing
+ceased. High above the battlefield some crested larks were singing,
+even as they sing on a quiet evening over the trenches in France, as
+they sing over the fields at home. A few green and bronze bee-eaters
+hovered almost like hawks over the sand-dunes, and a cloud of
+sandgrouse were swinging and swerving across the open ground that
+divided Highlander from Turk. The wind had died quite away, and a
+scent of alyssum filled the air. There was no movement among the
+troops, there was none even among the slender wild grasses of the
+plain. The sun, that had been blazing all through the day, now hung
+low in the western sky. The sound of battle was dying, even as the day
+was dying. "The world was like a nun, breathless in adoration." And we
+soldiers, absorbed in this remote corner of the world war, intent on
+the hour immediately before us, lay there breathless in expectancy.
+Suddenly our 18-pounders opened gun fire. With rare precision shrapnel
+burst all along the enemy trenches, and at 6-30, as the shelling
+slackened in intensity, the Highlanders rose as one man, their
+bayonets gleaming in the setting sun, and, with the Gurkhas on their
+left, rushed across the open. There was little work for the bayonet.
+The Turk fled as our men closed, and the position so long and hardly
+fought for was won.
+
+The Highlanders had gained their objective, but had lost heavily in
+officers and men. The remainder were exhausted by the labours of the
+past twenty-four hours and by lack of water; but when orders came to
+push forward and capture Mushaidie railway station there was no
+feeling of doubt or hesitation. Some time was spent in re-organisation,
+in bringing up and distributing reserve ammunition; the two left
+companies were amalgamated, and an officer detailed to act with the
+right wing of the Gurkhas, since that battalion, though it had not
+suffered such heavy losses in men, had only two officers left
+unwounded. The two companies of the supporting Highland battalion now
+arrived and were detailed as a reserve to our attacking line. The
+third regiment of our brigade had been operating far out on the left
+flank, and were now occupying Sugar Loaf Hill, from which they had
+driven the last remaining Turks, and the Indian regiment on the right
+of the railway, which had fought so well with us throughout the
+battle, received orders to halt for the night.
+
+And thus we advanced alone; but though hungry, thirsty, weary, worn,
+there was full confidence among all ranks, and one resolve united
+all--the determination to press forward and complete the rout of the
+enemy.
+
+A mile ahead we passed a position, strongly entrenched but luckily
+deserted by the Turks, and it was not for another two miles, when our
+patrols came close to the station, that the enemy was reported in any
+numbers. There the patrols described a scene of considerable
+confusion. A train was shunting, and many Turks rushing about and
+shouting orders. Our patrols were working half a mile ahead of the
+regiment, so in spite of every effort it was half an hour later before
+we filed silently past the station, formed up once again for the
+attack, and charged with the bayonet. The enemy fired a few shots, one
+of our men and a few Turks were killed and a few more made prisoners;
+but the rest fled and disappeared into the night, leaving piles of
+saddlery, ammunition, and food behind them. But the last train had
+left Mushaidie, and with it vanished our hopes of captured guns and
+prisoners. However, we had achieved the task allotted to us, and the
+moment the necessary pickets had been posted the rest of us forgot
+exhaustion, forgot victory, in the most profound sleep.
+
+[Illustration: No. 1 Company Early Morning Parade Outside Samarra.]
+
+[Illustration: Trenches At Samarra.]
+
+[Illustration: Bathing In The Tigris.]
+
+[Illustration: The Pioneers Of The Regiment In Summer Kit.]
+
+[Illustration: Samarra.]
+
+We had achieved our task, and, as the corps commander wrote, we had
+made the 14th of March a red-letter day for all time in the history of
+the Regiment. I have told the story of these thirty hours of
+continuous marching and fighting from the point of view of a
+regimental officer. This is in battle, some say always, very limited
+in outlook. But certain things are shown clear. Waste of energy brings
+waste of life and victory thrown away. A regimental leader has, with
+his many other burdens, to endure the intolerable toil of taking
+thought, and of transmitting thought without pause into action. And
+those who work with him are not mere figures, not only items of a
+unit, but are intimate friends whose lives he must devote himself to
+preserve, whose lives he must be ready to sacrifice as freely as his
+own. It is well that we neither know nor decide the issues of life and
+death. There is, I think, a second meaning in the oft-quoted line of
+Lucretius, _Nec bene promeritis capitur_, _nec tangitur ira_. Our
+prayers are not attended to perhaps because of their very foolishness.
+I believe when we congratulate ourselves after a battle that we and
+our friends are still in the land of the living, that in some
+mysterious way there may be a counterpart on the other side of the
+veil--that there may be welcome and rejoicing also on behalf of those
+who have passed through the portals of death. Although every mother's
+son of us must experience a feeling of dread in stepping alone into
+the night that no man knows, must be filled with sorrow and move with
+a heavy heart when his comrades and those filled with the glory of
+youth and promise depart, still we can, all of us, also feel thankful
+for the loan of their help and strength. Two years of war, two years
+of living constantly in the presence of death, has brought to me, as
+it has brought to many, the assurance that it is well equally with
+those who remain here as it surely is with those who pass away. And we
+have no other answer to the last question ever asked by Cleek Smith.
+"It is only after the sun hath set that the owls of Athenae wing their
+flight." The following day the battalion remained at Mushaidie; a dust
+storm was blowing and many reports came in of the enemy returning to
+make a counter-attack. But his defeat had been too severe and he made
+no real resistance again till we encountered him a month or so later
+some 30 miles further north near Istabulat. Meanwhile our brigade
+received orders to concentrate on the Tigris at the Babi Bend, some
+six miles east of Mushaidie. A pleasant week of comparative rest was
+spent there and then, there being no signs of the enemy, we were
+withdrawn to our old camping ground in the palm groves, that line the
+river bank between Kazimain and the City of Baghdad. The
+re-organisation of our platoons after the recent losses was completed,
+and fresh equipment and clothing issued. Two companies were split up
+on outpost duty, but even so time was found for military training and
+for some visits to the City, an equal pleasure to officers and men.
+The Colonel was sent for to Army Headquarters, and General Maude
+was most complimentary to the Regiment for their great fight.
+
+[Illustration: Tent Pitching.]
+
+[Illustration: The Cultivation Of The Date Palm At Basrah.]
+
+In April the division moved forward, and the brigade again marched
+past the Babi Bend, northward of Mushaidie to Beled Station, where we
+had a few days' halt and some of us shot a number of sandgrouse.
+Thence we pressed on till we overtook the Turks entrenched beyond the
+Median Wall, holding a strong position about Istabulat. From this it
+was necessary to drive them, our objective being the railhead at
+Samarrah.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+THE BATTLE THAT WON SAMARRAH.
+
+The following article by Brigadier-General A. G. Wauchope, C.M.G.,
+D.S.O., is here republished with permission:
+
+
+There stretches, some sixty miles north of Baghdad, from the Tigris to
+the Euphrates, a famous fortified line known to the Greeks as the
+Median Wall. It is skilfully constructed in tiers of mud bricks to a
+height fully thirty feet above the level of the plain, the whole has
+been covered over by a thick layer of earth protecting the bricks
+these many centuries from wind and weather, for the Median Wall is, so
+some say, the oldest building in all the world. It formed certainly
+the outer line of the defences of the Kingdom of Babylon under
+Nebuchadnezzar II, when it ran from Opis on the Tigris to Hit on the
+Euphrates and this line in far earlier times marked the boundary
+between the two ancient peoples of Akkad and Sumer, and was probably
+even then a fortification of first importance.
+
+However that may be, it stands to-day the most prominent landmark in
+all this district of the Tigris valley; though broken, tumbledown
+mounds represent the great wall towards the Euphrates, for many miles
+near the Tigris it stands without a break, with strong projecting
+bastions to give flank defence every forty or fifty yards, and at
+wider intervals the wall rises so as to form some sort of keep or
+watch tower.
+
+[Illustration: Date Palm Scenes Below Basrah.]
+
+[Illustration: T. HENDERSON. M.C. G. V. STEWART. C. RYRIE.]
+
+[Illustration: At Arab Village.]
+
+[Illustration: Undepressed.]
+
+Whoever built the great wall built it for the purposes of war, and no
+building, I venture to say, has ever had so many battles fought within
+its neighbourhood. Every race through every age, Aryan and Turanian,
+Babylonian and Assyrian, Median and Persian, armies from Greece and
+armies from Rome, have, during the past thousands of years,
+slaughtered each other with extraordinary thoroughness below these mud
+bastions; and more recently, but with the same seeming futility, Turk
+has murdered Arab and Arab Turk, the destruction of villages, mosques
+and canals marking, as of old, the soldiers sacrifice to the God of
+War.
+
+Standing this morning on these ancient ramparts, I watch the sun rise
+over this land which, once so rich and fertile, now shows hardly a
+sign of human habitation, this country where not a tree nor a house
+has been allowed for many years to stand, over which the blight of
+misrule has lain as a curse for centuries and I see yet one more army
+going forth to battle; once again columns of armed men sweep forth to
+encounter similar columns, to kill and to capture within sight of the
+Median Wall. And watching these columns of Englishmen and Highlanders,
+of Hindus, Gurkhas and bearded Sikhs advancing to the coming conflict,
+one felt the conviction that this struggle was being fought for the
+sake of principles more lofty, for ends more permanent, for aims less
+fugitive, for issues of higher service to the cause of humanity, than
+those that had animated the innumerable and bloody conflicts of the
+past.
+
+The delta of the Tigris ends a few miles below Samarrah. That is to
+say, whoever holds the district about Samarrah controls the waters of
+the Tigris. For lower down in the Baghdad valaiyet the river in its
+annual flood deposits so much mud on its bed as to raise itself in
+course of centuries, above the level of the plain. Consequently,
+artificial banks about three feet high have been built all along the
+river, and were these to be cut during the flood season, the whole
+surrounding country would be inundated and the spring crops destroyed.
+This renders the districts of Samarrah of great natural importance,
+and the fact that the Germans had completed a railway between Baghdad
+and Samarrah, made it also desirable for the British to hold it.
+
+The country here differs little from the rest of the Tigris valley,
+the same level plain of loam and mud, a strip of two or three miles
+nearest the river highly irrigated, and at this season, green with
+young corn and barley; further afield the bare, brown, featureless
+desert stretching out endlessly in every direction. Dawn and dusk
+transform this shadowless wilderness into a land of the most wonderful
+colour and atmosphere, but throughout the heat of the day the glare
+and dust make it hateful to white men. And even in April, the shade
+temperature runs to 110 degrees Fahrenheit, and where troops march in
+this country without trees there is no shade from the sun, no escape
+from the heat.
+
+[Illustration: The Arch Of Ctesiphon.]
+
+[Illustration: The Regiment Passing The Arch Of Ctesiphon En Route For
+Baghdad, March 1917.]
+
+[Illustration: Women Drawing Water From The River.]
+
+[Illustration: "Gufas'" Or Circular Boats At Baghdad.]
+
+[Illustration: The Entrance To The Mosque Kadhimain.]
+
+Besides the Median Wall, there remain two outward and visible signs of
+the older civilisation that flourished in happier times. There are, at
+frequent intervals, low flat mounds composed of old sunbaked bricks
+the sites of ancient cities; so numerous are these that they seem to
+justify the Chaldean proverb, boasting of the prosperity of the
+people, that a cock may spring from house to house without lighting on
+the ground from Babylon to the sea. The other are the walls of the
+canals that served to irrigate the country between the two rivers.
+These canals have for centuries past been dry and useless, but their
+walls, twenty or thirty feet high, and many miles in length, remain as
+the most conspicuous monument of the fallen greatness of Mesopotamia.
+That they will again be put to their original purpose was the
+confident assertion of Sir William Willcocks, and with Turkish misrule
+finally banished from the land, a few years may see these canals again
+filled with water, bringing wealth and plenty to a happier generation.
+But to-day they seem to have but the one use of acting as tactical
+features on the battlefield, as was indeed the case in this fight near
+Istabulat.
+
+For some days before the 31st April, the British had been collecting
+behind the Median Wall, facing the Turkish position which lay some
+three miles to the north of the Wall, and some twelve miles south of
+Samarrah.
+
+A very well selected position it proved, and a very difficult one to
+attack. The Turkish left rested securely on a re-entrant bend of the
+Tigris. Thence the line ran east and west across the Dujail River, and
+continued for a mile along a dry canal, until it met the railway a
+little to the north of Istabulat station. Both the Railway and the
+Dujail run roughly north-west to south-east, but the Tigris towards
+Samarrah bends due west. Consequently the Turks by refusing their
+right were able to rest that flank on the ruins of the ancient city of
+Istabulat. These ruins consisted of some low mounds and the high walls
+of an old canal that had run from the Tigris across the present line
+of the Railway four miles to the north of the station. The whole
+country was absolutely flat and bare, except for the broken and uneven
+walls of the Dujail River and Istabulat Canal.
+
+The so-called Dujail River is a canal that takes off from the right
+bank of the Tigris some four miles north of the Median Wall. It has
+been dug and re-dug, till it now flows below the level of the
+surrounding country, but its walls are fully twenty feet high, and so
+form the one dominant tactical feature of the level Tigris plain in
+this district. A couple of miles south of Istabulat station, the
+Dujail cuts through the Median Wall about a mile to the east of the
+Railway, which runs from Baghdad through the Median Wall, past
+Istabulat, and so on to Samarrah.
+
+By the 18th April, the British were holding that part of the Median
+Wall that runs roughly for a couple of miles eastwards from the Dujail
+River to the River Tigris, other troops, also in rear of the Median
+Wall, continued our line on the west bank of the Dujail, and a third
+body was held in reserve. The open nature of the country, and the
+difficulty of distinguishing the enemy's main position from his
+advanced trenches, made the problem of attack uncommonly difficult,
+and the thorough bombardment of his trenches before assault almost
+impossible.
+
+The key to the position was obviously the high double wall of the
+Dujail River. These walls are a hundred to a hundred and fifty yards
+wide at the top, and being very broken and uneven give some cover to
+skirmishers in attack or defence. An attack along this line is also
+made somewhat easier by a small ridge of sandhills that had
+originally formed the walls of an old canal, which flowed in earlier
+centuries between the Tigris and the Dujail. Photographs taken by our
+airmen showed that the Turks had strengthened their line where it
+crossed the Dujail, by building a strong redoubt on its eastern bank
+some 300 yards long by 150 broad; here too were a number of machine
+gun emplacements and, a little in rear, six or eight gun pits.
+
+On the 18th a Highland Regiment pushed forward a strong patrol along
+the east bank of the Dujail, an Indian Battalion doing the same on the
+west bank, the two patrols working together and giving each other
+mutual support. Both Regiments encountered the Turkish outposts within
+six hundred yards, and after driving them some distance back, the
+patrols were withdrawn at night.
+
+As an attack on the enemy position was decided on, the Battalion
+Commander suggested that a line of strong points should be constructed
+about a mile ahead of our line, that when these had been made good, a
+second line of strong points a further eight hundred yards in advance
+should be constructed, so that by this means the final assault might
+be made from a short distance to the enemy's main position, and also
+by this means artillery officers would be able to locate definitely
+the enemy's main trenches and the guns could be brought up within
+2,000 yards before the Infantry should assault. This idea was adopted.
+
+During the 19th the Highland Regiment, by some fine patrol work, drove
+the enemy advanced troops back with little loss, and during the night
+three strong points were built a mile in advance, two on the east and
+one on the west bank of the Dujail. From these points both the
+Highlanders and the Punjabis skirmished further forward on the 20th,
+and the enemy's position was becoming seriously threatened with but
+little loss to ourselves.
+
+One incident in this patrol fighting must not pass unnoted. An
+artillery officer had been sent forward in the morning to observe the
+ground and enemy positions from our strong point on the east bank of
+the Dujail. It was a task of considerable danger, for already several
+of our men had been hit by enemy snipers, and at this moment a wounded
+man was being carried back by the stretcher bearers. The artillery
+officer had crawled a little ahead of the Strong Point in order to
+observe more freely, but his gallantry was ill rewarded by a bullet
+striking him and incapacitating him from coming back, or even escaping
+from his exposed position. Easton had been Sergeant of the Highlanders
+stretcher bearers since his predecessor had been killed when
+recovering wounded, and he himself had won the Distinguished Conduct
+Medal for a fine piece of work in France. Without hesitation Easton
+now ran forward from the strong point and, though the enemy snipers
+were dropping bullets all round, roughly bandaged the officer, picked
+him up on his back, staggered down to the river and got him across
+under the welcome shelter of the other bank, though the stream was
+over six feet deep. For this action Sergeant Easton now wears a bar to
+his Distinguished Conduct Medal.
+
+[Illustration: Street Scenes In Baghdad.]
+
+[Illustration: British Residency, Baghdad.]
+
+[Illustration: Hotel Maude, Baghdad.]
+
+[Illustration: The Bridge At Baghdad.]
+
+On the 20th it was definitely decided that the situation demanded an
+immediate advance, and a direct frontal attack was ordered to take
+place at dawn on the following morning. One force were to lead the
+attack at 5 a.m. on the east of the Dujail, the Highlanders to
+advance along the east bank of that canal, and one Company of the
+Punjabis on the west bank. On the right of the Highlanders a battalion
+of Gurkhas were to advance from the right strong point with a
+battalion of Indian Infantry in echelon on their right near the
+Tigris, another battalion being held in reserve. When this attack had
+gained ground a second force was to advance over the bare plain on the
+west of the Dujail, and their right to gain touch with the left of the
+Company of Punjabis on the Dujail bank. The objectives of the main
+attack were the redoubt, and the two bridges which crossed the Dujail
+immediately above it. A third force was held back in reserve.
+
+The orders were thus very clear, and the plan simple; the main
+difficulty was to ensure effective artillery co-operation, since to
+come within effective range of the Redoubt our batteries would be
+forced to move forward over very open ground, and counter-battery work
+would be obviously hard to arrange.
+
+The frontage of broken ground open to the Highlanders was but little
+over 150 yards; the Commanding Officer therefore wisely determined to
+attack on a narrow frontage of two platoons rather than expose his men
+on the bare plain, and with the Dujail giving the direction to his
+left, trust to the impetus of eight lines to force the enemy's
+position.
+
+Precisely at 5 a.m., the covering batteries opened fire on the enemy
+outposts, the leading platoons charged forward and, without pausing to
+fire, but advancing by a series of swift rushes drove back the Turkish
+advanced troops about a thousand yards from our strong points. A few
+Turks were bayonetted, a number more shot by the fire of a
+well-placed Lewis gun, but the surprise of the attack and the rapidity
+of its execution saved our men from any severe loss during this first
+advance. But as our leading platoons drew near to the enemy main
+positions, they came under an enfilade fire from the west bank of the
+Dujail, and a number of men had to swing round to the left, and, from
+the crest of the wall, reply to the enemy not two hundred yards
+distant on the opposite bank. The succeeding lines, however, pressed
+forward, section after section rushed on to the help of their
+comrades, every rise and every knoll along the river was held by
+snipers and the battle developed into a fierce contest between
+skirmishers. But it was not of long duration. Shortly after 6 o'clock
+nearly two miles of country had been cleared of the enemy, our men
+were not to be denied, and the leading section of Highlanders made a
+gallant charge and rushed the main redoubt, killing a certain number
+of its defenders and driving out the remainder. The success of the
+attack was greatly due to the rapidity, but its very rapidity had led
+to considerable intervals occurring between the eight lines that had
+originally advanced to the assault. Some platoons had been forced to
+engage the enemy on the opposite bank, others with Lewis guns were
+keeping down the fire of the enemy who were holding several small
+trenches ahead, and a number of men had fallen, never to rise again;
+consequently for the first few minutes there were less than a hundred
+men in the redoubt, and these were subject to a heavy fire from their
+front, and enfilading fire from their left.
+
+[Illustration: The Quartermaster, Assistant Adjutant, Transport
+Officer, 2nd In Command, And The Colonel Watching The Regimental
+Sports At The Front.]
+
+[Illustration: Captain T. W. STEWART, Captain W. A. YOUNG And The
+PADRE.]
+
+[Illustration: The Mesopotamian Railway.]
+
+Now was the moment when artillery support was most needed. But as
+before explained, this, owing to the nature of the ground, had been
+most difficult to arrange. The batteries posted under cover of the
+Median Wall, soon found themselves, as the enemy retired, at extreme
+range, had been obliged in consequence to advance to new positions.
+This is a matter which takes longer than the actual bringing up of the
+guns; fresh observations must be made by artillery officers, new
+telephone wires must be made, new communications established, and
+correct ranges ascertained of the new targets before effective support
+can be given. This was all being done, but under great difficulties,
+because the enemy had established a strong barrage in rear of the
+assaulting troops. Many of our gunners were hit, especially among the
+telephone operators; consequently, just at this critical time, there
+was little or no artillery support to be had.
+
+Now the Turk is a stubborn fighter. His men on the west bank of the
+Dujail had not yet been driven so far back as those opposing the
+Highlanders, and they now opened a very galling fire from the west
+bank at a range of only two to four hundred yards. The Redoubt had
+been taken at 6-15 a.m. Within ten minutes the Turks on the east bank
+had organised a strong body to make a counter attack, and these headed
+by parties of bombers, rushed the Redoubt, drove the few defenders
+back, and held its front and side faces. But their triumph was short
+lived. It was a proud boast of the Highlanders that of all the miles
+of entrenchments that had at one time or another been entrusted to
+them not one yard had even been surrendered to the enemy; it was their
+stern resolve that no Highlander should lie unavenged, that no man who
+wore the Red Haeckle should give his life in vain. The Redoubt had
+once been theirs, and in its trenches lay the bodies of their
+comrades who had died to hold it. It was the Redoubt they had set
+forth to capture; now more than ever they were determined that not a
+live Turk should dispute possession. The platoons that had originally
+formed the rear waves were now fast coming up, bombs and bombers were
+called for, and an immediate counter-attack organised. But the losses
+were now very heavy. Within a minute, one Captain and two Subalterns
+were killed, two Captains and two Subalterns wounded, and a heavy
+proportion among the rank and file also fell. The smallest hesitation,
+the slightest wavering, and the Turks had made good their success. But
+there was no hesitation and, though only one unwounded officer
+remained, there was no wavering. The bombers dashed forward, every
+available man followed, and within fifteen minutes of its loss, the
+entire Redoubt was recaptured and its forward trenches rapidly
+consolidated. The Highlanders' boast still held true, the Red Haeckle
+was again victorious.
+
+Many were the dead, many the wounded to testify to the gallant deeds
+that led to this success. An Artillery Officer, who witnessed the
+assault, wrote:--
+
+"That day the Highlanders without help won a victory that only those
+who saw it can realise was among the most gallant fought in this war."
+
+[Illustration: The Colonel.]
+
+[Illustration: The Adjutant.]
+
+[Illustration: The Mosques Of Baghdad.]
+
+What is the secret, whence comes this spirit, of the wave of bravery
+that seizes soldiers at these great moments? Many of the very men who
+charged forward had, but ten minutes before, been driven back, many of
+their comrades lay dead beside them, they had lost their accustomed
+leaders, shrapnel and heavy shell were bursting among them, and when
+the cry for bombs and bombers was given, it must have seemed to
+many to be but the prelude to disaster, the vain cry for further and
+useless sacrifice. What is it then that stops the individual from
+hanging back, from letting others lead, from justifying himself to
+himself by continuing to fire in comparative safety at longer ranges?
+Who would detect him? Might he not argue plausibly enough, that his
+covering fire would be of more assistance to his comrades than his
+rushing uselessly forward at their head? The secret of it lies in
+_esprit de corps_, in the willing surrender by the individual of his
+freedom of action, by the voluntary sacrifice of the individual for
+the good of all. And greater love hath no man than this:--that he
+giveth his life for his friend.
+
+The gallantry of those who lie dead, whether British, or Indian, or
+Turk cannot be told, but one incident that was witnessed by several is
+worthy of record. The Redoubt measured several hundred yards on its
+front and side faces, and the attackers were few in number. One of
+these, Private Melvin had by some chance so damaged his bayonet that
+he could not fix it on his rifle. Throwing that weapon aside, he
+rushed forward where his comrades were scarce, and the enemy in
+plenty, and encountered a group of Turks single handed. With bayonet
+and fist he brought three to the ground, the remaining six, stunned by
+the violence of his attack, surrendered, and were brought back by this
+brave old soldier in triumph to his Company. For this deed Private
+Melvin was subsequently awarded the Victoria Cross.
+
+[Illustration: Samarra.]
+
+[Illustration: Wireless Station, Baghdad. Destroyed by the Huns.]
+
+[Illustration: Samarra Railway Station.]
+
+[Illustration: Resting After The Battle Of Istabulat.]
+
+[Illustration: No. 4 Company Before Istabulat Under The Median Wall.
+P. SMYTH, A. E. BARISTOW, R. WALKER, and G. V. STEWART in Foreground.]
+
+[Illustration: Ground Over Which The Regiment Advanced To Attack The
+Turkish Strong Point Beneath The +.]
+
+Battalion Headquarters now moved up close in rear of the Redoubt, the
+telephonic communication was established with the Brigade, and
+Companies reorganised according to their losses. And fortunate it was
+that this was done with no loss of time. For the Turk had intended to
+hold this line of entrenchments, of which the Redoubt was the key, and
+the main defence of the two bridges, throughout the summer, and he was
+not going to surrender the position without further struggle. Two
+counter-attacks formed up and advanced against the front face of the
+Redoubt, a few Turks got within fifty or a hundred yards of the
+Redoubt, but each attack was broken up by steady rifle fire and Lewis
+gun fire, and our position made more secure. A little nullah ran from
+the Turks' second position to within fifty yards of the Redoubt, and
+up this channel from time to time he sent parties of bombers, but
+these were easily held in check. A group of machine guns from further
+up the Dujail swept the crest of the hard-won parapet, and men less
+experienced in war had suffered more than did those who bore the Red
+Haeckle. But no experience of war could save men from the high
+explosive shell which burst throughout the day among the trenches,
+destroying indiscriminately parapet and defenders. These 5.9 shell the
+Highlanders had known all too well in France, and the number of bursts
+reminded our men rather of a bombardment in the trenches of Flanders
+than the shell fire ordinary to Mesopotamia. And to this bombardment
+the defenders of the Redoubt were subject from time to time throughout
+that long day. It is a constant puzzle, why in this life so many
+things that are at first merely disagreeable are allowed to make so
+great a noise and to continue for so long a time that they become
+almost unbearable. It is a question that often confronts one at a
+comic opera, always in the near neighbourhood of a gramophone, but
+never with such persistent irritation as when undergoing a bombardment
+from high explosive shell. Nothing is more trying to the nerves, for
+and from it there is no escape. This war has been defined as a war,
+not of infantry, nor of artillery, but of effective co-operation
+between the two. The nature of the ground, and the skill with which
+the enemy had chosen his positions had prevented this co-operation
+from being as effective as is usual in our army, and this in spite of
+every effort being made by our Artillery Officers, and in spite of
+many casualties among their batteries. In consequence, the enemy's
+batteries were never silenced, and kept up a heavy fire throughout the
+day, and our losses were heavy. On our right the Gurkhas had advanced
+in gallant style at the same time as the Highlanders, and in spite of
+a stubborn resistance had pushed the enemy back along the line of the
+old canal, and kept up with our advance. Then with the sand dunes
+dipped to the level of the plain and the salient bend of the Tigris
+narrowed their front, the Gurkhas swung round to their left in a most
+soldierly fashion, and, despite, heavy losses, joined the Highlanders
+on the Dujail, and for the rest of the day shared the honours and the
+dangers of the defence of the Redoubt and the trenches near it. The
+Indian Regiment advancing still further on the right had met with
+misfortune, for, on reaching a small rise in the ground, their lines
+had been suddenly swept with machine gun fire at a range of three
+hundred yards. Many men fell within the space of a few minutes, and it
+became necessary to bring up the Reserve Battalion to their
+assistance. Consequently no further advance was possible on this
+flank, nor on the west flank did the situation offer any greater
+promise. The Punjabi Regiment on the immediate left of the Highlanders
+had fought under great difficulties, but with such determination that
+they eventually dug themselves in opposite the Redoubt on the west
+bank of the Dujail, though half their men were killed or wounded. On
+their left again, another Highland Battalion, old friends of ours,
+both in peace and war, had pressed the enemy back, and occupied some
+eight hundred yards of an old irrigation channel that ran westward
+from the Dujail towards the railway. Further to the west, this dry
+channel remained in the hands of the Turks, and bombing attacks were
+carried on throughout the day. Another battalion had also suffered
+considerably from shell fire, and was posted in echelon on the left
+rear.
+
+It was evident that without a renewed bombardment and strong
+reinforcements, no further advance was possible on either side. We had
+advanced a couple of miles, driven the enemy from his strongest
+positions, and gained our immediate objectives. It was evident, that
+to the day following must be left the final advance and capture of
+Samarrah.
+
+This account of the fighting near Samarrah purports to give no general
+view of the whole action. Enough, if something clear is shown of the
+part played by one Regiment, and of the fighting by its immediate
+neighbours. The Highlanders had had some tough battles during the past
+few months, and during this day's fighting had lost over a third of
+their total strength in killed and wounded.
+
+On the next morning it was found that the Turks had retired several
+miles on to the ruins of the ancient city of Istabulat, but it was
+not until the afternoon that the battle was continued. Then it was
+fought with the same violence, and with equal stubbornness as on the
+day before. Again the Turk was driven out of his positions, and again,
+like the gallant fighter he is, he held on till nightfall. Orders were
+given to renew the attack at dawn on the third day of the battle, but
+as day broke the patrols of Highlanders sent back word that the enemy
+had evacuated his forward positions, and we advanced in attack
+formation straight on Samarrah. The Highlanders were leading, and
+passed through the ancient ruins and the several lines of enemy
+trenches; those trenches held so stubbornly by the Turk, empty now,
+save for groups of dead bodies and a few of unhappy wounded who had
+not been moved during the night. Surely the world offers no scene more
+pitiful than that of a battlefield after action. I know, by personal
+experience, the suffering entailed in lying day and night untended
+with broken limbs, the utter weariness from wounds, and the exhaustion
+after conflict, the tragedy of all surroundings, the cries of those
+who cry for help that never comes, a passionate longing for death
+alternating with a craven fear of foe and wandering marauder, and
+above all, the horror of the great vultures swinging round and round
+in ever closer circles. Little of the pomp or ceremony of war was seen
+by the Highlanders as they marched that morning through the Turkish
+entrenchments at the head of the British troops, the first regiment to
+enter Samarrah as they had marched some six weeks earlier the first to
+enter Baghdad.
+
+Such is the story of the part played by the Highland Regiment in this
+hard-fought battle, but though I have told the tale from the point of
+view of a Regimental Officer, I am not forgetful of the deeds of
+others. My endeavour has been to give a picture of events as one man
+meets them in a course of a day's fighting, not to give a narrative of
+deeds of which I know little and saw nothing. But of the gallant help
+given by the Gurkhas I have spoken and, after some experience of war
+both in France and in Mesopotamia, I add my testimony to the value of
+the loyal services rendered by so many of our Indian Regiments; it
+will stand to their honour for all time that they have fought
+throughout these years so bravely and so faithfully. War is a noble
+comradeship, and the ties that now bind the Indian and British troops
+will not easily be severed.
+
+The relationship between British and Indian officers is invariably
+happy; difficulties of language, however, sometimes give a little
+humour to a long campaign. When I was first given command of a Brigade
+formed of both British and Indian Battalions I made a point of
+speaking to each Indian officer, and saying something in appreciation
+of his services. To this the senior Indian officer replied with the
+usual Eastern compliments, and then added:--
+
+"Many Generals have come to see us, but each usually spares us but a
+couple of minutes; you, in your kindness, have spoken to each of us
+for half an hour and we shall indeed fight bravely for you, for of all
+Generals, you, O Brigadier, are the most long minded."
+
+[Illustration: At The Front. The Regiment In The San-i-yat Trenches.
+Sergeant BISSET and Sergeant MURDOCH both killed in action.]
+
+[Illustration: That Able Administrator General Sir PERCY L. COX And An
+Influential Arab Sheikh.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+
+On April 20th, Colonel J. Stewart took over the command of the
+Regiment, and Colonel A. G. Wauchope became a Brigadier.
+
+It was a great blow to the Regiment to lose their Colonel, and very
+difficult for any other man coming after him; but the new Colonel
+proved a worthy successor to the old and the Regiment was fortunate in
+having two such men in succession to guard its interests and its
+honour. Months later when I congratulated the General on the successes
+of his old Regiment and on his promotion, he said, "Yes, yes, B., the
+Regiment was splendid, but I am not too sure that the other matter is
+altogether a matter for congratulation." I felt certain that had it
+been left to his own choice he would have preferred to remain with his
+Highlanders than accept any higher command.
+
+With the capture of Samarrah it can be said that the winter campaign
+of 1916-1917 came to an end. We held the rail head of the Baghdad
+railway and had captured sixteen locomotives, 224 trucks and two
+barges of ammunition. Already at the end of April, the heat of the
+coming summer which was to prove the hottest on record could be felt,
+and the thermometer in that month reached 114 deg. in the shade.
+
+The actual fighting was for the time being practically over, and it
+was decided that Samarrah should be our advanced position on the
+Tigris. Preparations were at once commenced to make the position a
+strong one, and sufficient to hold up any attack which the enemy might
+have in view; but the summer coming on the Turks were not anxious to
+be aggressive and took up their most advanced positions some five or
+six miles further up the Tigris.
+
+The summer was consequently passed under much more pleasant conditions
+than in 1916. The Turks being far distant a number of officers and men
+were granted a month's leave to India; tents, rations and comforts
+were plentiful. The Regiment was at full strength and, despite the
+heat, the men maintained their health throughout the summer. The main
+task was the digging of several lines of trenches in front of the old
+city of Samarrah, but training was carried on continuously so that the
+Regiment might be ready as always for whatever operations were to take
+place in the coming cold weather. The Battalion had now spent nearly
+two years in Mesopotamia, and of the thousand who landed not two
+hundred remained, and of these many had been wounded. What contrasts
+the two years offer. In the first period one effort succeeded another,
+but neither training nor valour were sufficient to redress the balance
+of the scales, and despite every sacrifice Kut fell. Then came the
+months when we held San-i-yat, when there were few men and arduous
+duties, intolerable heat and no comfort.
+
+The spring of the second year was marked by a succession of victories,
+and achievements for all time memorable; the forcing of San-i-yat, the
+entry to Baghdad, the battles of Mushaidie and Istabulat; and finally
+the last few months of comparative peace and plenty.
+
+Throughout the two years the indomitable spirit of the Battalion
+showed itself true to the finest traditions of the Regiment, and it is
+open to question whether memory of the hundred survivors fighting
+their way back from the Turkish trenches on the 21st of January, does
+not extort as much admiration as the memory of the three companies,
+after 30 hours of continuous marching and successful fighting,
+charging at midnight into the station at Mushaidie.
+
+
+SUMMARY OF OFFICER CASUALTIES suffered by the 2nd Bn. during its
+service in Mesopotamia,
+
+July 1916 to May 1917.
+
+  Killed in Action    | 16  | Includes Captain Duncan, R.A.M.C.,
+                      |     | and 2/Lieut. A. E. Sinclair
+  Died from wounds    |  8  |       ...
+  Died from disease   |  1  |       ...
+  Missing             |  2  | Captain D. C. Hamilton Johnstone
+                      |     | and 2/Lieut. H. F. Forrester.
+                      |     | Both wounded
+  Prisoners of War    |  1  | 2/Lieut. A. H. Quine.
+  Wounded in Action   | 42  | Includes officers wounded more
+                      |     | than once, each occasion being
+                      |     | counted separately. Does not
+                      |     | include cases where officers have
+                      |     | subsequently died from wounds.
+  Invalided to India  | 50  | As above, includes instances of
+                      |     | invaliding more than one as
+                      |     | separate items. Also includes all
+                      |     | cases of officers wounded who
+                      |     | were in consequence thereof invalided.
+
+
+DETAILS OF OFFICER CASUALTIES in important battles.
+
+                       Killed   Died
+                       in       from
+                       action.  wounds.  Wounded.  Missing  P. of W.
+  7th January, 1916       3       ..       16        ..        ..
+  21st January, 1916      2       ..        3         1        ..
+  22nd April, 1916        5       ..        2         1        ..
+  14th March, 1917        1        4        5        ..        ..
+  21st April, 1917        2        3        4        ..         1
+                      ----------------------------------------------
+  TOTAL                  13        7       30         2         1
+
+
+LIST OF OFFICERS who served with the 2nd Battalion
+in Mesopotamia, 1916-17.
+
+  BRIG.-GENERAL A. G. WAUCHOPE, C.M.G., D.S.O.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 16th January, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 9th May, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 18th May, 1916.
+    To be Bt.-Lt.-Colonel, 2nd June, 1916.
+    Promotion to rank of Major ante-dated to 15th September 1914.
+    (_London Gaz._, dated 14th September, 1916).
+    To be Bt.-Colonel, 23rd December, 1916.
+    Assumed Command, Brigade. 20th April, 1917.
+    To be Bde. Commander, 11th May, 1917.
+
+  COLONEL J. STEWART.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 26th December, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 21st March, 1917.
+    To be A.-Lt.-Col. whilst Commanding a Battn. 5th May, 1917.
+
+  MAJOR T. G. F. COCHRANE.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 16th January, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 27th August, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd September, 1916.
+    To be A/Major whilst 2nd in Command, 14th September, 1916.
+    Relinquishes above, 15th April, 1917.
+    To be A/Major on H. Q. of a Battn., 15th May, 1917.
+
+  MAJOR D. C. HAMILTON-JOHNSTONE.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    To be Tempy. Major, 7th January, 1916.
+    Wounded and Missing, 21st-22nd January, 1916.
+
+  MAJOR C. R. B. HENDERSON.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 26th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 26th January, 1916.
+    Promoted Major, 8th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 14th April, 1916.
+    Tenure of Adjt. expired, 4th January, 1917.
+
+  MAJOR THE REV. ANDREW MACFARLANE.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+
+  MAJOR THE HON. R. T. C. MURRAY.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 10th February, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 14th March, 1916.
+    To India for duty with A. H. Q., 3rd April, 1916.
+
+  CAPTAIN J. ANDERSON.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    To be Hony. Captain, 3rd June, 1916.
+
+  CAPTAIN J. A. BARSTOW, M.C.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 11th July, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 10th August, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 21st April, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN A. E. BLAIR.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 10th February, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 14th March, 1916.
+
+  CAPTAIN H. JOHN BLAMPIED.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 7th June, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 4th July, 1916.
+    To be Asst. Censor, 28th January, 1917.
+    To be Censor, I.E.F. "D", 1st April, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN R. H. CRAKE (ATTACHED).
+    Held command of Btn. during latter portion of January, 1916.
+
+  CAPTAIN P. G. EGERTON.
+    Posted to the Battalion, 30th June, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN C. D. GILMOUR, M.C.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 20th January, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 21st February, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 22nd April, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 2nd May, 1916.
+    To England, 11th June, 1916.
+    Awarded the Military Cross, 22nd December, 1916.
+
+  CAPTAIN A. M. GRIEVE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 16th February, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd March, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 5th July, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 27th May, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 4th June, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN J. B. S. HALDANE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 9th October, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd December, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 22nd February, 1917.
+    Invalided to India, 19th March, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN J. N. INGLIS.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 20th January, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 21st February, 1916.
+    Killed in Action, 22nd April, 1916.
+
+  CAPTAIN R. MACFARLANE, M.C.
+    Embarked, Bombay, 11th April, 1916.
+    Disembarked Basrah, 17th April, 1916.
+    (Date of Embarkation in U. K. is not known).
+    Wounded in Action, 10th June, 1916.
+    Camp Area Comdt., Ma'gil, 14th July, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 14th March, 1917.
+    Awarded the Military Cross, 31st March, 1917.
+    Killed in Action, 21st April, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN M. E. PARK, D.S.O.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 25th November, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 28th December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 10th April, 1916.
+    Awarded the Silver Medal for Valour by H. M. the King of Italy.
+
+  CAPTAIN R. M. PURVIS.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 20th January, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 17th March, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 24th March, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 10th April, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 27th April, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 20th January, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 28th January, 1917.
+    Died from wounds, 14th March, 1917.
+    Promoted Captain, from 8th March, 1916.
+    (_London Gaz._, dated 23rd August, 1916.)
+
+  CAPTAIN R. D. ROBERTSON.
+    Posted, December, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN N. M. RITCHIE, D.S.O.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 20th January, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 21st February, 1916.
+    To be Adjutant, _vice_ Major C. R. B. Henderson, 5th January, 1917.
+    Invalided to India, 12th June, 1917.
+    Awarded the D.S.O., 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN K. W. L. SIMONET (ATTACHED).
+    Posted for temporary duty, 16th January, 1916.
+    Killed in Action, 21st January, 1916.
+
+  CAPTAIN J. TODD.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 10th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 13th January, 1916.
+    Apptd. Transport Officer, 22nd July, 1916.
+
+  CAPTAIN L. H. WILLETT.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 9th October, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd December, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 21st April, 1917.
+    Invalided to India, 8th May, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN W. A. YOUNG, M.C.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 20th January, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 17th March, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 24th March, 1916.
+    To be T/Lieut., Supmy., 8th July, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 22nd February, 1917.
+    Awarded the Military Cross.
+
+  CAPTAIN THE REV. A. SILVER.
+    Posted to the Regiment, 30th April, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN A. W. DUNCAN, R.A.M.C.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Was killed in Action whilst M. O. with another Regiment,
+        9th March, 1916.
+
+  CAPTAIN G. F. GUNLETTE, R.A.M.C.
+    For duty as M. O., 24th March, 1917.
+    Relieved, 28th March, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN J. MACQUEEN, R.A.M.C.
+    Joined Bn. as M. O., 18th July, 1916.
+    Struck off, tour expired, 25th March, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN W. MOORE CAMERON, R.A.M.C.
+    Posted as M. O., 28th March, 1917.
+
+  CAPTAIN T. W. STEWART.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 24th May, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 13th June, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 31st January, 1917.
+
+
+_Lieutenants._
+
+  H. BOWIE.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 16th January, 1916.
+    Relinquishes Tempy. rank of Lieutenant, 7th January, 1916.
+
+  W. COUTTS HUNTER.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 20th January, 1916.
+    To England from Egypt, 19th March, 1916.
+
+  C. V. S. COOKS.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 16th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to England, 7th April, 1916.
+
+  G. CURDIE.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 21st January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 4th February, 1916.
+    Promoted T/Capt., 23rd November, 1915.
+    Relinquishes Tempy. rank, 19th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to England, from Egypt, 7th April, 1916.
+
+  A. B. CUMMING.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 25th November, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 28th December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 20th January, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 25th March, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 1st April, 1916.
+    Killed in Action, 22nd April, 1916.
+
+  J. F. C. DIXON, M.C.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 21st January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 30th January, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 9th June, 1916.
+    Disembarked Basrah, 16th June, 1916.
+    To be Lieutenant, 18th July, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 23rd November, 1916.
+    Awarded the Military Cross, 22nd December 1916.
+
+  R. H. DUNDAS.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 21st January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 7th March, 1916.
+
+  F. J. FELL.
+    Posted to Battalion, 9th December, 1917.
+
+  J. O. HUTCHINSON.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Killed in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+
+  R. W. MACFARLANE GRIEVE.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 20th January 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 6th April, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 13th April, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 26th November, 1916.
+
+  C. J. McCONAGHEY.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 16th February, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd March, 1916.
+    Killed in Action, 22nd April, 1916.
+
+  W. W. McEWAN, M.C.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 12th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 21st January, 1916.
+    To Regiment, 1st March, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 22nd April, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 2nd May, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Karachi, 14th August, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 20th August, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 30th October, 1916.
+    Awarded the Military Cross, 22nd December, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 17th May, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd May, 1917.
+
+  H. A. T. PLUNKETT.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Killed in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+
+  G. G. B. MILLER STIRLING.
+    Embarked, Suez, 21st June, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 4th July, 1916.
+    Died from Wounds, 14th March, 1917.
+
+  D. C. STEWART SMITH.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Apptd. Transport Officer, 10th January, 1916.
+    Commanding Battn., 22nd to 23rd January, 1916.
+    Acting Adjutant, 24th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 29th March, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Karachi, 13th July, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 16th July, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 26th August, 1916.
+    Invalided to U. K., 4th October, 1916.
+
+  M. M. THORBURN, M.C.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 21st January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 4th February, 1916.
+    Awarded the Military Cross, January 1916.
+    Invalided to England from Egypt, 25th April, 1916.
+
+  WITHEY, R. W.
+    Posted to the Battalion, 6th December, 1917.
+
+
+_2nd Lieutenants._
+
+  D. H. ANDERSON.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 16th February, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd March, 1916.
+    Killed in Action, 22nd April, 1916.
+
+  G. J. ANDERSON.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 16th February, 1910.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd March, 1916.
+    Killed in Action, 22nd April, 1916.
+
+  C. ST. G. ALEXANDER.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 16th February, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd March, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 4th May, 1916.
+    (Wounded in Action, 22nd April, 1916).
+    To England from Egypt.
+
+  D. S. GORDON BROWN.
+    Embarked, Bombay, 11th April, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 17th April, 1916.
+    Accidentally wounded, 28th June, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 5th August, 1916.
+
+  H. W. BRUCE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 16th February, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd March, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 30th May, 1916.
+    Embarked, Karachi, 27th August, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd September, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 6th November, 1916.
+    Killed in Action, 17th February, 1917.
+
+  E. BRUCE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 16th February, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd March, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 11th May, 1916.
+    Embarked, Karachi, 14th August, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 20th August, 1916.
+    Died from Disease (Paratyphoid-A), 17th November, 1916.
+
+  A. E. BAIRSTOW.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 9th October, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd December, 1916.
+
+  J. C. W. BROAD.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 16th January, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 22nd May, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 30th May, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 15th June, 1916.
+
+  K. BUCHANAN.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 20th January, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 8th May, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 16th May, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 26th August, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 25th February, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 4th March, 1917.
+    P. A. to Dir. of Port Admin. and Conservancy, 6th May, 1917.
+
+  J. C. R. BUCHANAN.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 9th February, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 22nd May, 1917.
+
+  C. J. R. BROWN.
+    Embarked, Karachi, 19th March, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 26th March, 1917.
+    Wounded in Action, 21st April, 1917.
+    Died from Wounds, 21st May, 1917.
+
+  J. A. BYRON.
+    Embarked, Karachi, 19th March, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 26th March, 1917.
+
+  T. M. COWIE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 15th October, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 21st November, 1916.
+    Unofficially reported Pris. of War, 17th February, 1917.
+    Recaptured, 1st March, 1917.
+    (Wounded 17th February 1917).
+    Invalided to India, 15th March, 1917.
+
+  A. CROMBIE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 26th April, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st May, 1916.
+
+  J. H. COTTERELL.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 10th February, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 14th March, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 22nd April, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 27th April, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 27th November, 1916.
+    Died from wounds, 15th March, 1917.
+
+  A. T. DOWNIE.
+    Embarked, Bombay, 17th April, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd May, 1917.
+
+  J. DAWSON.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 7th June, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 4th July, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 6th November, 1916.
+    Returned to England and died.
+
+  A. DOUGLAS.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 13th January, 1916.
+    Reported dangerously ill, 18th January, 1916.
+    Died from Wounds, 9th February, 1916.
+
+  H. F. FORRESTER.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 10th February, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 14th March, 1916.
+    Wounded and Missing, 22nd April, 1916.
+
+  T. GANT.
+    Promoted from C. S. M., 6th February, 1917.
+    Wounded in Action, 14th March, 1917.
+    To be A. Qr. Master., 12th May, 1917.
+
+  T. GILLESPIE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 21st October, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 21st November, 1916.
+    Killed in Action, 14th March, 1917.
+
+  J. F. GILLIES.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 24th May, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 13th June, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 28th June, 1916.
+    To England, from Egypt, 30th September, 1916.
+
+  A. GILROY.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 10th September, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 10th October, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 21st April, 1917.
+    To be Lieutenant, 1st January, 1917.
+    Invalided to India, 18th May, 1917.
+
+  J. T. GRASSIE, D.S.O.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 20th January, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 21st February, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 6th April, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 10th April, 1916.
+    Invalided to U. K. from Egypt, 7th May, 1916.
+    Awarded the D.S.O., 22nd December, 1916.
+
+  K. GRAHAM SCOTT.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 25th December, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 9th March, 1917.
+
+  W. G. GRIERSON.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 5th January, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 22nd March, 1917.
+
+  C. E. GERRARD.
+    Embarked, Karachi, 19th March, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 26th March, 1917.
+
+  T. A. HENDERSON, M.C.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 25th November, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 28th December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Awarded the Military Cross, 22nd December, 1916.
+    Awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th Col., with Swords,
+      (_London Gaz._, 5th July, 1917).
+    Invalided to India, 23rd May, 1917.
+
+  S. L. HUNTER.
+    Embarked, Bombay, 27th July, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 1st August, 1916.
+    Joined 3rd Echelon, as Record Officer, 22nd March, 1917.
+
+  B. S. HOUSTON, M.C.
+    Promoted from C.S.M., 16th February, 1917.
+    Awarded the Military Cross, 31st March, 1917.
+
+  C. V. HENDRY.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 7th June, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 4th July, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 6th November, 1916.
+
+  P. J. HAYE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 5th January, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 22nd March, 1917.
+
+  D. HAIG.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 15th January, 1917,
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 21st March, 1917.
+    Invalided to India, 16th June, 1917.
+
+  M. JAMIESON.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 9th October, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd December, 1916.
+
+  A. L. JACKSON.
+    Posted to the Battalion, 28th August, 1917.
+
+  J. JEFF.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 24th May, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 13th June, 1916.
+
+  A. S. JOHNSTON.
+    Embarked, Bombay, 24th March, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 28th March, 1917.
+
+  T. KINNEAR.
+    Promoted from C.S.M., 6th February, 1917.
+    Wounded in Action, 22nd February, 1917.
+    Apptd. Transport Officer, 3rd May, 1917.
+
+  B. H. LUNN.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 24th May, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 13th June, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 8th December, 1916.
+    Has since been invalided to England.
+
+  T. LOUDON.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 5th January, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 22nd March, 1917.
+
+  J. MACGREGOR.
+    Posted to the Battalion, 13th September, 1917.
+
+  G. M. MACKENZIE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 24th May, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 13th June, 1916.
+    Transferred to M. Gun Corps, 26th October, 1916.
+
+  MANN, J. A.
+    Posted to the Battalion, 6th December, 1917.
+
+  D. MURRAY STEWART.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 9th October, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd December, 1916.
+
+  R. S. MORRISON.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Killed in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+
+  W. D. MONTGOMERIE.
+    Embarked, Bombay, 17th May, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 23rd May, 1917.
+
+  A. MUIR.
+    Promoted from C.S.M., 29th May, 1917.
+
+  D. McARTHUR.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 5th January, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 22nd March, 1917.
+    Died from Wounds, 21st April, 1917.
+
+  T. PEEL.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 5th January, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 22nd March, 1917.
+    Died from Wounds, 21st April, 1917.
+
+  J. C. PATERSON.
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 5th December, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st December, 1915.
+    Wounded in Action, 7th January, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 16th January, 1916.
+    To England, from Egypt, 19th March, 1916.
+
+  W. PORTER.
+    Posted to the Battalion, 21st November, 1917.
+
+  B. H. QUINE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 7th June, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 4th July, 1916.
+    To be F. T. C. O., Dvn., 1st August, 1916.
+    Relieved from above, 26th August, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 3rd September, 1916.
+
+  A. H. QUINE.
+    Embarked, Karachi, 19th March, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 26th March, 1917.
+    Reported Missing, 21st April, 1917.
+    Reported Pris. of War, 21st April, 1917.
+
+  G. RYRIE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 11th July, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 10th August, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 28th November, 1916.
+    Re-embarked, Bombay, 27th May, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 4th June, 1917.
+
+  J. C. RITCHIE, M. C.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 5th January, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 22nd March, 1917.
+    Awarded the Military Cross, 22nd May, 1917.
+    Apptd. A. Adjt., 27th May, 1917.
+
+  A. SCOBIE.
+    Posted to the Battalion, 13th September, 1917.
+
+  A. E. SINCLAIR.
+    Embarked Devonport, 24th May, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 13th June, 1916.
+    Transferred to M. Gun Corps, 26th October, 1916.
+    Killed in Action, 5th December, 1916.
+
+  P. J. SCOTLAND.
+    Posted to the Battalion, 9th December, 1917.
+
+  G. V. STEWART.
+    Embarked, Bombay, 11th April, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 17th April, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 14th March, 1917.
+
+  G. B. SMART.
+    Embarked, Suez, 16th September, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 26th September, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 14th March, 1917.
+
+  F. H. SOUTAR
+    Embarked, Marseilles, 25th November, 1915.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 28th December, 1915.
+    Killed in Action, 21st January, 1916.
+
+  T. L. SMITH.
+    Posted to the Battalion, 13th September, 1917.
+
+  P. E. SYMTHE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 9th October, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 2nd December, 1916.
+    Confirmed in rank of 2nd Lieutenant, 18th October 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 21st April, 1917.
+    Invalided to India, 12th June, 1917.
+
+  R. M. SMYTHE.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 9th October, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 14th December, 1916.
+    Wounded in Action, 14th March, 1917.
+    Confirmed in rank of 2nd Lieut., 18th October, 1916.
+
+  A. G. WOYKA.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 26th April, 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 31st May, 1916.
+    Invalided to India, 15th January, 1917.
+
+  R. WALKER.
+    Embarked, Karachi, 19th March, 1917.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 26th March, 1917.
+    Killed in Action, 21st April, 1917.
+
+  A. A. YOUNG.
+    Embarked, Devonport, 24th May 1916.
+    Disembarked, Basrah, 13th June, 1916.
+    Cypher Officer, G. H. Q. Base, 28th June, 1916.
+    Joined Bn. in the Fd., 25th November, 1916.
+    Died from Wounds, 14th March, 1917.
+
+
+_Nominal roll of W.Os., N.C.Os., and men, 2nd Bn., numerically
+arranged, who have been killed in action, died of wounds, disease,
+etc., during service in Mesopotamia, from 1st January 1916 to 15th
+June 1917._
+
+   -------+----------------------+-------------+-----------+-------------------------
+   Regtl. | Rank and Name.       |  Cause of      Date of     Place of
+    No.   |                      |   Death.       Death.      Death.
+          |                      +-------------+-----------+-------------------------
+          |                      | Place of burial, if known.
+   -------+----------------------+---------------------------------------------------
+        72|Sergt. T. Archer      | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    AR/116|A/Cpl. D. Dakers      | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+       133|Sergt. T. Murray      | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+       578|A/Cpl. J. Gibb        | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+       598|Pte. J. Hogg          | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+       622|Pte. J. Lynch         | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+       672|Corpl. R. Pratt       | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+       773|L/Cpl. R. Whyte       | K. in A.      6-11-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Cemetery near Jullundur St. Sann-i-yat.
+       781|Corpl. U. Hutchison   | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7,
+          |                      | 7th Divn., Sketch No. 5, Istabulat.
+       797|Pte. A. Milne         | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7,
+          |                      | 7th Divn., Sketch No. 5, Istabulat.
+       814|Pte. G. McAulay       | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.
+       896|Sergt. G. Johnston    | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+       981|Pte. G. Hazeldean     | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.
+      1020|L/Sgt. J. Mulholland  | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+      1038|Pte. T. McFarlane     | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+      1060|L/Sgt. J. Inglis      | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+      1207|L/Cpl. A. Brown       | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+      1335|L/Cpl. A. Cowie       | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97 Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+      1346|Pte. A. Whannel       | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+      1418|L/Cpl. W. Mack        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      1426|Pte. A. Reoch         | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+      1449|Piper J. Davis        | K. in A.      25-9-15     France.
+          |                      | ...
+      1452|Pte. J. Smith         | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+      1472|Sergt. R. Madill      | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+      1591|Sergt. D. Hamilton    | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+      1619|L/Cpl. W. Noble       | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+      1642|A/Sgt. D. Neill       | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      1701|Sergt. T. Henderson   | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+      1714|L/Cpl. D. Duke        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+      1780|Sergt. D. Finlay, V.C.| K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      1791|Pte. G. Burness       | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+      1856|A/Cpl. D. Hughes      | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      1859|A/C. S.M.T. Bissett   | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+      1884|Corpl. R. Speed       | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22 T.C. 97 Sq. G-7 Istabulat.
+      1899|Pte. Craig, R.        | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+      2003|Pte. T. Teirney       | K. in A.      23-6-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+      2029|A/Sgt. A. Kiddle      | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      2084|Sergt. J. Barrie      | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/2160|Corpl. W. Gow         | K. in A.      20-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      2185|Dmr. G. Bullion       | K. in A.       6-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      2277|L/Cpl. W. Grimmond    | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      2316|A/Sergt. T. Marshall  | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      2451|L/Cpl. N. Campbell    | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+    3/2496|Pte. H. Duffy         | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/2508|Pte. S. Mowat         | K. in A.      22-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.
+      2511|A/Cpl. D. Simpson     | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/2519|Pte. J Downie         | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/2520|L/Cpl. C. Low         | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      2545|Corpl. T. Brown       | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/2564|L/Cpl. G. Mitchell    | K. in A.      13-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.
+    3/2569|Pte. B. Cunningham    | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/2585|Pte. R. McQuarrie     | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/2584|Pte. J. O'Donnell     | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22 T.C. 97, Sq. G-7. Istabulat (G.R.C.).
+    3/2614|Pte. J. Black         | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/2621|Pte. J. Cook          | K. in A.       6-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/2632|Pte. E. Clark         | K. in A.      13-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.
+    3/2674|Pte. G. Stevenson     | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      2701|Pte. F. Gibo          | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      2745|Pte. L. Phee          | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/3012|Pte. A. Hay           | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/3074|Pte. P. Glancy        | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/3100|Pte. T. Burke         | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/3342|Sergt. J. Lees        | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/3360|Pte. J. Campbell      | K. in A.       9-5-15     France.
+          |                      | ...
+      3380|Pte. J. Strachan      | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/3471|Pte. J. Harman        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/3590|Pte. G. Forbes        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      3874|Pte. R. Wilson        | K. in A.       6-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    3/3917|Pte. F. Robertson     | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/4144|Pte. A. Mailer        | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/4151|Pte. E. Harkness      | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/4221|Pte. E. Graham        | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22 T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+    3/4222|Pte. D. Cuthbert      | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/4484|L/Cpl. J. Shirra      | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7,
+          |                      | Istabulat (G.R.C).
+    S/5142|Pte. J. Bennett       | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/6113|Pte. J. Stuart        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/6259|Pte. F. Stafford      | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/6405|L/Cpl. T. Weir        | K. in A.      13-3-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/6415|Pte. A. Rogerson      | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/6652|Pte. P. Hughes        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/6711|Pte. G. Jones         | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/6757|L/Cpl. W. Taylor      | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      6818|Pte. T. Caddow        | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/6958|Pte. E. McLure        | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7009|L/Cpl. J. Gibson      | K. in A.       9-8-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7019|Pte. J. Hay           | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabul.
+    S/7088|A/Sgt. R. McLauchan   | K. in A.      13-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Orah battlefield, Map. L-2, Rev. Irwin.
+    S/7094|Pte. J. Coulter       | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7097|L/Cpl. C. McRae       | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      7100|L/Cpl. F. Wilkins     | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7283|Pte. D. Bell          | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7346|Pte. A. Dickson       | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7507|Pte. W. McKennie      | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7508|Pte. T. Lamb          | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7548|Pte. A. McKay         | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7560|Pte. J. Tarberts      | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7580|Pte. J. Baillie       | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7592|Pte. R. Bowman        | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7595|Pte. G. Drysdale      | K. in A.       6-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7616|L/Cpl. J. McLaughlan  | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7738|Pte. A. Moncur        | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7743|Pte. A. Mann          | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7748|Pte. T. McPherson     | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7757|Pte. W. Gillispie     | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7771|C.-S.-M. D. Palmer    | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+      7912|C.-S.-M. R. Proudfoot | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7926|Pte. J. McCormack     | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7943|Pte. W. Beatte        | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7957|Pte. J. Whyte         | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7967|Pte. E. Brown         | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7994|Corpl. A. Critchton   | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/7996|Pte. W. Graham        | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8057|Pte. J. Thomson       | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8062|Pte. D. Hardley       | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8082|Pte. J. Ramsay        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      8169|Pte. E. Rooke         | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8192|Pte. M. McMahon       | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8202|Pte. D. Winter        | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22 T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+      8235|Pte. R. Lindsay       | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8252|Pte. D. Kilgour       | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8316|Pte. S. McKillop      | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8329|Pte. J. Suttie        | K. in A.       6-3-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8330|Pte. G. Smith         | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8349|L/Cpl. A. Cochrane    | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8389|Pte. J. Clark         | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8390|Corpl. P. Robertson   | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8428|Pte. J. Wilson        | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8444|Sergt. A. McDonald    | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+      8458|A/Cpl. J. Hughes      | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8500|Pte. W. McNee         | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8534|Pte. R. McDonald      | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8551|Pte. A. Gibson        | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat (G.K.C.).
+    S/8571|L/Cpl. D. McPhee      | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8696|Pte. J. Bell          | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8705|Pte. F. Fraser        | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8765|Pte. J. Stewart       | K. in A.      18-6-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8785|Pte. J. Liddle        | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+    S/8867|Pte. J. Smith         | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/8890|Pte. T. Cranston      | K. in A.      13-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.
+    S/8918|Pte. J. Lamb          | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/9194|A/Cpl. J. Dougal      | K. in A.      21-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/9207|Pte. J. Orr           | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad Battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/9231|Pte. T. Reid          | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/9339|Pte. T. Williamson    | K. in A.      20-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+      9383|Sergt. D. Murdoch     | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, point 40-22 T.C. 97.
+          |                      | Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+      9437|C.-S.-M. G. Davidson  | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+      9451|Pte. P. Davie         | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+    S/9504|Pte. C. Low           | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/9544|Segt. T. McCutcheon   | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/9563|Pte. C. Thomson       | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/9643|Pte. H. Fraser        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+    S/9952|Pte. C. Turner        | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10006|Pte. J. Ross          | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+   S/10028|Pte. J. Barnes        | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+ SRA/10113|Pte. T. Belcher       | K. in A.      13-2-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.
+   S/10170|Pte. E. Holmes        | K. in A.      21-1-18     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Hannah battlefield (G.R.C.).
+     10240|L/C. A. Gibson        | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+ SRA/10278|Pte. B. Wilson        | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+ SRA/10299|Pte. E. Kenny         | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10340|Pte. J. Dick          | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+   S/10374|Pte. P. Paul          | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+ SRA/10429|L-Cpl. A. Robertson   | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+   S/10469|Pte. R. Barrie        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10477|Pte. A. Graham        | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+   S/10480|Pte. W. Ballingall    | K. in A.      13-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Orah battlefield, Map L-2, Rev. Irwin.
+   S/10482|Pte. D. McFarlane     | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+     10489|Pte. J. Sims          | K. in A.       7-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+   S/10537|L/Cpl. W. Malcolm     | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10539|L/Cpl. P. Hardie      | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10545|Pte. T. Baillie       | K. in A.      5-12-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Jullundur St. Cemetery, Sann-i-yat (G.R.C.).
+   S/10564|Pte. J. Dalton        | K. in A.      21-1-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+   S/10566|Pte. D. McLean        | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10567|Pte. J. Dawson        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10574|Pte. K. O'Donnell     | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10586|Pte. M. Paul          | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10592|Pte. E. Smith         | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10598|L/Cpl. J. McKay       | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10621|Pte. W. Lang          | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10633|Pte. W. Watson        | K. in A.      5-11-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Jullundur St. Cemetery, Sann-i-yat (G.R.C.).
+   S/10634|L/Cpl. P. Reilly      | K. in A.      17-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10638|Pte. F. Inglis        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10648|Pte. J. Wylie         | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10651|L/Cpl. D. Small       | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/10656|Pte. P. Barnes        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/11147|A/Cpl. J. Harkins     | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/11175|L/Cpl. J. Little      | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/11193|Pte. J. Clark         | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/11305|Pte. J. McLean        | K. in A.      13-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/11333|Pte. J. Galbraith     | K. in A.     14-10-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Cemetery at 28 B.F.A., Faliheyah Bend.
+   S/11369|Pte. R. Niven         | K. in A.      24-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/11532|Pte. A. Huitton       | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+   S/11533|Pte. B. Bogan         | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/11570|Pte. J. Smith         | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/11572|Pte. J. Stewart       | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/11613|Pte. H. Greenwood     | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/11631|L/Cpl. J. Wallace     | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/11669|Pte. G. Law           | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+   S/11673|Pte. G. Hayes         | K. in A.      16-6-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/11726|Pte. A. Carmichael    | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/11371|Pte. C. Wilson        | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/11866|Pte. T. Galloway      | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+   S/11869|Pte. J. Studholme     | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/11891|Pte. D. Mathers       | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/11958|Pte. R. McNaughten    | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7,
+          |                      | 7th Division, sketch No. 5, Istabulat.
+   S/12096|Pte. W. Cross         | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail  battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, 7th
+          |                      | Division, sketch No. 5, Istabulat.
+   S/12202|L/Cpl. E. Doggett     | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/12238|Pte. D. McCraw        | K. in A.     11-12-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Jullundur St. Cemetery. Sann-i-yat.
+   S/12395|Pte. A. Johnstone     | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/12435|Pte. W. Jamieson      | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, Sq. G-7, T.C. 97, Istabulat.
+   S/12475|Pte. J. Keir          | K. in A.      22-4-16     The Field.
+          |              Probably Sann-i-yat battlefield (G.R.C.).
+   S/12494|Pte. A. Tuckerman     | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13111|Pte. A. Smith         | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+     13170|Pte. A. Lawson        | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+     13177|L/Cpl. H. Plain       | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+ SRA/13207|L/Cpl. J. Robson      | K. in A.      20-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13267|L/Cpl. M. Brown       | K. in A.     10-10-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Old Cemetery behind Meerut Trench, Sann-i-yat.
+   S/13458|Pte. A. Brember       | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+   S/13956|Pte. G. Cross         | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+   S/14517|Pte. C. Winters       | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+   S/14994|Pte. J. McCallum      | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+   S/15066|Pte. D. Stewart       | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/15068|Pte. J. Lawson        | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point  40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+   S/15069|Pte. J. McLeod        | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/15127|Pte. W. Coyne         | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, G-7,
+          |                      | 7th Division, sketch No. 5, Istabulat.
+   S/15537|Pte. J. Gemmell       | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, G-7,
+          |                      | 7th Division, sketch No. 5, Istabulat.
+   S/15632|Pte. J. Adam          | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Dujail battlefield, T.C. 97, G-7,
+          |                      | 7th Division, sketch No. 5, Istabulat.
+   S/15700|Pte. G. Crick         | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/15853|Pte. J. Wiseman       | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/15866|Pte. W. McKay         | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/16233|Pte. P. Dair          | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+     16303|L/Cpl. P. McSkimming  | K. in A.      11-2-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Jullundur St. Cemetery, Sann-i-yat.
+   S/16353|Pte. H. McKay         | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+     17481|Corpl. H. Bowman      | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+     17483|Pte. J. Eglin         | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/19311|Pte. G. Neilson       | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+   S/19316|Pte. J. Sanderson     | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+     19426|Pte. J. Clark         | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+     19435|Pte. D. Aitken        | K. in A.      14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+     19436|Pte. J. Crawford      | K. in A.      17-2-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Jullundur St. Cemetery, Sann-i-yat.
+     19450|Corpl. L. Wiseman     | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+     19456|Pte. J. Wilkinson     | K. in A.      21-4-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Point 40-22, T.C. 97, Sq. G-7, Istabulat.
+        69|L/Cpl. A. McBurnie    |Died fr. Wds.   9-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+        79|Pte. E. Miller        |Died fr. Wds.  20-4-17     19 Cas. C1. Stn.
+          |                      |Sindiyeh Cemetery, T.C. 87, Sq. 1-H.
+     3/471|Pte. W. Taggart       |Died fr. Wds.  16-1-16     No. 5 Fd. Amb.
+          |                      | ...
+       828|Sergt. A. Downie      |Died fr. Wds.   5-5-16     3 B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+       941|A/Cpl. R. McNee       |Died fr. Wds.  22-1-16     3a B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+      1305|Pte. J. Macrae        |Died fr. Wds.  30-1-16     3a B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+      1381|Pte. G. Hendric       |Died fr. Wds.  30-1-16     3a B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/1755|Pte. P. McPhee        |Died fr. Wds.  24-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+      1831|Pte. A. Mauby         |Died fr. Wds.  17-1-16     No. 2 B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+      1947|Pte. T. Morrison      |Died fr. Wds.   6-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/2112|Pte. J. Welsh         |Died fr. Wds.  11-4-17     32 B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      |Amara Cemetery, Row No. II, A, Grave No. 13.
+      2117|L/Cpl. R. McBean      |Died fr. Wds.   8-2-16     3a B.G.H., Basra.
+          |                      |Basra.
+      2145|Sergt. G. McGregor    |Died fr. Wds.  7-12-16     20 B.F.A.
+          |                      |Br. Cemetery at 20 B.F.A., Falaheyeh, Row. No. 4
+    3/2312|Pte. H. Dand          |Died fr. Wds.  24-4-16     3a B.G.H., Basra
+          |                      | ...
+      2355|L/Cpl. J. Cunningham  |Died fr. Wds.  16-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Hassiawah, (15 mls. N. of Baghdad).
+      2381|Pte. W. Gibb          |Died fr. Wds.  22-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/2647|Pte. A. Robertson     |Died fr. Wds.  15-1-16     3a B.G.H., Amara
+          |                      | ...
+      2675|Pte. F. Morrison      |Died fr. Wds.  15-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/2742|Pte. H. McMillan      |Died fr. Wds. 19-12-16     20 B.F.A.
+          |                      |Cemetery at 20 B.F.A.
+    S/2876|Pte. R. Brown         |Died fr. Wds.  24-4-17     130 I.F.A.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/2903|Pte. W. Marshall      |Died fr. Wds.  22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/2920|Pte. J. Anderson      |Died fr. Wds.  24-1-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Chabela Mound Cemetery, T.C. 61, 16c, 48, 19,
+          |                      | Grave No. 2.
+    S/3198|Pte. J. Forbes        |Died fr. Wds.  12-4-16     R-P. B.G.H., Amara
+          |                      | ...
+    S/3358|L/Cpl. D. Richardson  |Died fr. Wds.  25-4-16     S.S. Mejidieh.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/3362|Pte. T. Welsh         |Died fr. Wds.   3-5-16     3 B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/3755|Pte. A. Ettrick       |Died fr. Wds.  24-4-16     S.S. Mejidieh.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/3934|Pte. A. Fleming       |Died fr. Wds.  25-4-16     3a B.G.H., Amara
+          |                      | ...
+    S/4004|Pte. B. Evans         |Died fr. Wds.  27-4-16     3a B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      |Amara.
+    S/4093|Corpl. J. Gillies     |Died fr. Wds.  22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/4218|Pte. W. Mackie        |Died fr. Wds.  24-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/5230|Pte. J. McDougall     |Died fr. Wds.  17-2-17     The Field.
+          |                      |Jullundur St. Cemetery, Sann-i-yat.
+    S/5658|Pte. T. S.            |Died fr. Wds.  26-4-16     S.S. Mejedeih.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/6436|Pte. F. Bewley        |Died fr. Wds.  24-3-17     3a B.S.H. S-Sd.
+          |                      |Sheikh-Saad Cemetery, Row 6, Gr. No. 364.
+    S/6689|Pte. W. Dewar         |Died fr. Wds.  18-2-16     3a B.G.H. Basra.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/6964|A/Cpl. G. Combe       |Died fr. Wds.   6-3-17     23 B.S.H. Amara.
+          |                      |Amara Cemetery, Grave No. VII, 6, 7.
+    S/6972|H. Rodgers            |Died fr. Wds.   6-9-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Cemetery at 20 B.F.A.
+    S/7122|Pte. A. Lamont        |Died fr. Wds.  25-1-16     3a B.G.H. Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7207|L/Cpl. J. Young       |Died fr. Wds.   5-3-16     3 B.G.H. Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7399|Pte. D. Urquhart      |Died fr. Wds.  20-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7427|Pte. A. Rae           |Died fr. Wds.   8-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7430|A/Cpl. D. Moncreiff   |Died fr. Wds.  13-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7479|Pte. J. Shannon       |Died fr. Wds.  19-1-16     3 B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7538|Pte. M. Stewart       |Died fr. Wds.  14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7730|Pte. J. Stewart       |Died fr. Wds.  22-6-16     The Field.
+          |                      |
+      8175|Sergt. J. Lugton      |Died fr. Wds.  15-3-17     Motor Convoy. 128 I.F.A.
+          |                      |5 miles N. of Tagi Rly. Stn. and
+          |                      | 40 E. of railway line.
+    S/8183|Pte. F. Scott         |Died fr. Wds.  22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8266|Pte. W. Stewart       |Died fr. Wds.   8-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Probably Sheikh-Saad (G.R.C.).
+    S/8356|Pte. A. Trory         |Died fr. Wds.   7-9-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8709|Pte. J. Ferguson      |Died fr. Wds.  14-1-16     2 B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8856|Pte. J. Elliott       |Died fr. Wds.  22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/9159|Pte. C. Wilson        |Died fr. Wds.  24-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/9728|L/Cpl. E. Thomson     |Died fr. Wds.  15-3-17     128 I.F.A.
+          |                      | ...
+  RA/10072|Pte. J. Davy          |Died fr. Wds.  24-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10155|Pte. P. Welsh         |Died fr. Wds.   8-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+ SRA/10285|Pte. A. Harker        |Died fr. Wds.   8-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10432|Pte. T. Wilson        |Died fr. Wds.  15-3-17     128 I.F.A.
+          |                      |5 miles N. of Tagi Station
+          |                      | and 40 E. of Railway.
+  RA/10439|Pte. W. Hallam        |Died fr. Wds.  14-4-17     32 B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      |Amara Cemetery, Grave No. II, A, 14.
+   S/10639|Pte. J. Walker        |Died fr. Wds.  27-4-16     3a B.G.H., Basra.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10652|L/Cpl. A. Kay         |Died fr. Wds.  24-5-17     32 B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10654|L/Cpl. C. Williams    |Died fr. Wds.  24-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/11259|Pte. P. Hiley         |Died fr. Wds.  29-4-16     3a B.G.H., Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/11535|Pte. D. Smith         |Died fr. Wds.  22-4-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/11769|Pte. J. Nicol         |Died fr. Wds.   1-6-16     The Field.
+          |                      |Cemetery at 20 B.F.A.
+   S/12162|Pte. W. Cannell       |Died fr. Wds.  24-4-17     130 I.F.A.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/12321|L/Cpl. L. Latto       |Died fr. Wds.  23-4-17     No. 7 B.F.A.
+          |                      |T.C. 96, 6-E, 3-1.
+   S/12512|Pte. A. Swanston      |Died fr. Wds.  24-2-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13103|Pte. W. Benson        |Died fr. Wds.  22-4-17     No. 19 B.F.A.
+          |                      |S.-E. of Ry. culvert about 4-3/4 miles
+          |                      | S.-E. of Istabulat Station, T.C. 97, K-9, 5-6.
+     13186|L/Cpl. W. Campbell    |Died fr. Wds.  15-3-17     128 I.F.A.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13260|Pte. W. Nelson        |Died fr. Wds.  14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13325|Pte. T. Simpson       |Died fr. Wds.  14-3-17     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/14626|Pte. T. Hanvey        |Died fr. Wds.  23-4-17     130 I.F.A.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/16060|Pte. C. Ogilvie       |Died fr. Wds.  25-4-17     16 C.C.S.
+          |                      |Grave No. A-22 (Cemetery unknown).
+   S/16041|Pte. C. Gray          |Died fr. Wds.  26-4-17     32 B.G.H.
+          |                      |Amara Cemetery, Grave VIII, Block B-1.
+   S/16082|Pte. P. Glen          |Died fr. Wds.   9-5-17     2 B.G.H.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/16323|Pte. A. Thompson      |Died fr. Wds.  20-5-17     32 B.G.H.
+          |                      | ...
+     19445|Pte. D. Porter        |Died fr. Wds.  21-4-17     19 B.F.A.
+          |                      | ...
+      1062|Sgt. W. Hanton        |Enteric.        6-7-16     3 B.G.H.
+          |                      | ...
+       513|L/Cpl. G. Robertson   |Suffocation    24-1-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+      1549|Pte. J. Bennett       |Dysentery.     21-9-16     Sheikh-Saad.
+          |                      |Sheikh-Saad Cemetery, Grave No. F-59.
+    3/2008|Pte. D. Mathieson     |Gastritis.     18-6-17     Falaheyeh.
+          |                      |Cemetery at 26 B.F.A.
+    3/2475|A/Sgt. W. Chrystal    |Sun-stroke.    19-6-16     Kurna.
+          |                      |Christian burial ground, Kurna, Row B, Grave 11.
+      2750|Dmr. J. Watt          |Para-typh.     10-7-16     Sheikh-Saad.
+          |                      |Sheikh-Saad Cemetery, Grave No. 105
+    3/3572|Pte. G. Billington    |Para-typh.      1-7-16     Sheikh-Saad.
+          |                      |Sheikh-Saad Cemetery, Grave No. 105
+      3892|Pte. J. Sanderson     |Disease.       29-6-16     S.S. Malamir.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/4229|Pte. J. Clark         |Heat-stroke    26-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/4246|Pte. T. Clowe         |P.U.O.          7-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/4251|Pte. P. McGinley      |Suffocation    27-6-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/4252|Pte. S. Johnstone     |Enteric.        4-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/4874|Pte. J. Fettes        |Gastritis.     20-7-16     Falaheyeh.
+          |                      |Cemetery at 20 B.F.A.
+    S/6709|Pte. W. Sherriff      |Enteritis.     27-5-16     Falaheyeh.
+          |                      | ...
+    3/7229|Pte. E. Dunbar        |Heat-stroke     3-7-16     3 B.G.H.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7622|Pte. W. Ferguson      |Enteric.       3-10-16     33 B.G.H.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/7643|Pte. E. Wallace       |Heat-stroke    20-7-16     Basrah.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8024|Pte. A. McLaren       |Dysentery.     29-5-16     3 B.G.H.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8040|Pte. S. Russell       |Dysentery.     21-6-16     R. Boat P-4.
+          |                      | ...
+      8052|Sgt. G. Warden        |Enteric.       26-5-17     127 C.F.A.
+          |                      | ...
+      8390|Pte. W. Murphy        |Typhus.        20-4-17     Amara.
+          |                      |Amara Cemetery, Grave No. VIII, A. 5.
+    S/8713|L/Cpl. J. Cairney     |Drowned Acc.   14-3-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8715|Pte. J. Oliphant      |N.Y.D. fever   17-8-16     Sheikh-Saad.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/8888|Pte. D. Fleming       |Malaria.        2-8-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+      9852|Pte. J. Beattie       |Dysentery.    30-12-16     33 B.G.H.
+          |                      |Hakimeyeh Cemetery, Makina, Row C, No. 15.
+   S/10012|Pte. R. Cowper        |Cholera.       19-5-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10047|Pte. R. Broadbent     |Heat-stroke     1-7-16     Falaheyeh.
+          |                      |Cemetery at 20 B.F.A.
+ SRA/10271|Pte. A. Howard        |Enteric.        9-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+     10488|L/Cpl. D. Ramsay      |Dysentery.      2-5-16     3 B.G.H.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10527|Pte. H. Roberts       |Enteric.       14-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+      1757|Pte. P. Cameron       |Drowned.       15-8-16     Basrah.
+          |                      | ...
+    S/5414|Pte. R. Craigie       |Enteric.        8-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10591|Pte. T. Surgener      |Malaria.       15-7-16     Makina.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/10599|Pte. J. Lewis         |Enteric.        8-8-16     Sheikh-Saad.
+          |                      |Sheikh-Saad Cemetery, Grave No. 184.
+   S/11537|Pte. J. Preston       |Dysentery     12-10-16     3 B.G.H.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/11540|Pte. W. Mills         |Enteric.       14-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/11709|Pte. B. McMeechan     |Disease.       27-6-16     Sheikh-Saad.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/12115|Pte. A. Robertson     |Enteric.       18-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/12328|Pte. J. Broadbent     |Heat stroke     5-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/12433|Pte. J. Kirkland      |Enteric.       24-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/12437|Pte. R. Younghusband  |Enteric.        5-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/12474|Pte. J. Porter        |Disease.       14-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/12519|Pte. J. Christie      |Bronche.       10-6-16     Alexandria.
+          |                      |Pneumonia
+          |                      | ...
+   S/12531|Pte. W. Morrison      |Dysentery.     22-9-16     Falaheyeh.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13131|L/Cpl. W. Forbes      |Dysentery.     20-7-16     Basrah.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13137|Pte. F. Docherty      |P.U.O.         28-6-16     Sheikh-Saad.
+          |                      |Sheikh-Saad Cemetery.
+   S/13144|Pte. S. Lennox        |Enteritis.     22-7-16     Basrah.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13145|Pte. J. McHugh        |Typhoid.       28-6-16     Sheikh-Sand.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13148|Pte. A. McDougall     |Enteric.       28-6-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13154|Pte. E. Ross          |Dysentery.     20-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13160|L/Cpl. J. Selkirk     |Disease.       29-6-16     S.S. Mejidieh.
+          |                      |Christian Burial-ground, Kurna, Row B, Grave 14.
+   S/13176|Pte. F. Tait          |Drowned.       23-6-16     Sheikh-Saad.
+          |                      | ...
+     13191|Pte. J. Carroll       |Disease.       29-6-16     S.S. Mejidieh.
+          |                      |Christian Burial-ground, Kurna, Row B, Grave 13.
+   S/13192|Pte. J. Connelly      |Heat-stroke    26-6-16     Sheikh-Saad.
+          |                      |Sheikh-Saad Cemetery.
+   S/13225|Pte. T. Davidson      |Enteric.        2-7-16     Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13227|Pte. R. Boyd          |Enteritis.     30-6-16     The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13233|Pte. J. Reddie        |Heat-stroke     2-7-16     3 B.G.H.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13234|Pte. N. Sweeney       |Dysentery.     21-7-16     Sheikh-Saad.
+          |                      |Sheikh-Saad Cemetery, Grave No. 18.
+   S/13243|Pte. J. Bain          |Disease.       28-6-16     Sheikh-Saad.
+          |                      |Sheikh-Saad Cemetery, Grave No. 18.
+   S/13913|Pte. C. McMillan      |Malaria.        3-7-16      Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13982|Pte. J. Duff          |Enteric.        8-7-16      Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/13989|Pte. J. King          |Enteric.        4-3-17      3 B.G.H.
+          |                      |Hakameyeh Cemetery, Grave No. D-9
+   S/14009|Pte. G. Carson        |Drowned.       13-1-17      The Field.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/14016|Pte. A. Flynn         |Enteric.       12-7-16      Amara.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/15105|Pte. E. Gay           |Dysentery.    26-12-16      R. Boat P-53.
+          |                      | ...
+   S/15666|Pte. A. Bewick        |Jaundice.      25-6-17      16 C.C. Station.
+          |                      | ...
+     17512|Pte. C. Rattray       |Dysentery.     7-12-16      32 B.G.H.
+          |                      |Amara Cemetery, Plot C, Row 4, No. 9.
+   -------+----------------------+---------------------------------------------------
+
+
+_Nominal Roll of W.Os., N.C.Os., and men of the 2nd Battalion reported
+'Missing' or 'Wounded and missing' during the service of that Unit in
+I.E.F. "D"._
+
+(up to 31st July 1917).
+
+ +----------+-----------------------+----+----------------------+
+  Regimenta |     Rank and Name.    |Coy.|                      |
+   No.      |                       |    |                      |
+ +----------+-----------------------+----+----------------------|
+     S/7159 |L/C. Beattie, L.       | 4  |Missing, 7-1-16.      |
+     3/5192 |Pte. Black, W.         | 3  |W. and M., 7-1-16.    |
+     S/5198 |Pte. Dixon, J.         | 2  |Do.                   |
+    S/10496 |L/C. Haig, W.          | 1  |Do.                   |
+     3/2483 |Pte. Hutchison, G.     | 3  |Do.                   |
+       9661 |Pte. McConville, T.    | 4  |Do.                   |
+     S/7753 |Pte. Menelaws, G.      | 1  |Missing, 7-1-16.      |
+    S/10323 |Pte. Miller, J.        | 3  |W. and M., 7-1-16.    |
+     S/8005 |Pte. Nicholson, T.     | 2  |Missing, 7-1-16.      |
+     3/2901 |Pte. Smith, C.         | 1  |Do.                   |
+     S/7159 |Pte. Wilson, G.        | 4  |Do.                   |
+     S/7056 |L/C. Carmichael, B.    | 1  |Missing, 8-1-16.      |
+       8408 |C.Q.M.S. Jessop, A.    | 2  |Do.                   |
+       2718 |Pte. McKnight, J.      | 2  |Do.                   |
+       1110 |Pte. Duncan, D.        | 2  |Do.                   |
+            |                       |    | Died a Prisoner of   |
+            |                       |    | War at Mosul, 1-3-16.|
+     S/8257 |Pte. Campbell, H.      | 2  |W. and M., 13-1-16.   |
+       1891 |Pte. Kerwin, J.        | 1  |Missing, 13-1-16.     |
+     S/8730 |Pte. Rodger, A.        | 2  |W. and M., 13-1-16.   |
+     S/8319 |Pte. Armstrong, G.     | 3  |W. and M., 21-1-16.   |
+     3/3389 |Pte. Bain, J.          | 2  |Missing, 21-1-16.     |
+     S/9034 |Pte. Barnes, C.        | 1  |Do.                   |
+       1166 |Pte. Baxter, F.        | 1  |Do.                   |
+       1862 |L/C. Birse, A.         | 3  |W. and M., 21-1-16.   |
+     S/8750 |Pte. Bradie, J.        | 2  |Missing, 21-1-16.     |
+     S/8496 |Pte. Cairns, W.        | 2  |Do.                   |
+     S/8912 |Pte. Chapman, A.       | 4  |Do.                   |
+     S/8417 |Pte. Crerar, J. ..     | 2  |Do.                   |
+     S/7104 |Pte. Dalziell, G.      | 2  |Do.                   |
+       1234 |Pte. Docherty, N.      | 1  |Do.                   |
+     3/2872 |Pte. Dunleavy, A.      | 2  |Do.                   |
+     S/8874 |Pte. Fairfull, J.      | 1  |Do.                   |
+        166 |A/C. Gair, M.          | 1  |Do.                   |
+     3/2282 |Pte. Garland, P.       | 4  |Do.                   |
+      10475 |Pte. Grey, J.          | 1  |Do.                   |
+     S/8452 |Pte. Hamilton, D.      | 1  |Do.                   |
+       9260 |Sgt. Humm, T.          | 2  |W. and M., 21-1-16.   |
+      10338 |Pte. Ireland, G.       | 3  |Missing, 21-1-16.     |
+    S/10161 |Pte. James, G.         | 4  |W. and M., 21-1-16.   |
+    S/10147 |Pte. Law, S.           | 1  |Missing, 21-1-16.     |
+    S/10337 |Pte. Leach, R.         | 1  |Do.                   |
+       1084 |Pte. McBride. G.       | 1  |Do.                   |
+     S/3984 |Pte. McComb, A.        | 1  |Do.                   |
+  SRA/10442 |Pte. McKenzie, J.      | 4  |Do.                   |
+     S/7574 |Pte. Matheson, P.      | 1  |Do.                   |
+     S/2941 |L/C. Menzies, J.       | 4  |Do.                   |
+     S/7936 |Pte. Mitchell, J.      | 1  |Do.                   |
+     S/8688 |Pte. Mitchell, W.      | 3  |Do.                   |
+       1921 |A/C. Murray, R.        | 1  |Do.                   |
+    S/10207 |A/S. Newton, R.        | 3  |W. and M., 21-1-16.   |
+     S/8494 |Pte. Ormiston, T.      | 3  |Do.                   |
+        887 |C.S.M. Oswald, W.      | 1  |Missing, 21-1-16.     |
+       1802 |Pte. Paton, J.         | 1  |Do.                   |
+      10501 |Pte. Pollock, D.       | 1  |Do.                   |
+     S/7120 |Pte. Rennie, S.        | 2  |Do.                   |
+        659 |Pte. Robertson, N.     | 1  |Do.                   |
+       1605 |A/C. Shand, D.         | 2  |Do.                   |
+        634 |Pte. Shaw, J.          | 3  |W. and M., 21-1-16.   |
+     3/3970 |Pte. Sim, D.           | 1  |Missing, 21-1-16.     |
+     S/7658 |L/C. Spriggs, W.       | 3  |W. and M., 21-1-16.   |
+     8/3854 |L/C. Swan, T.          | 4  |Missing, 21-1-16.     |
+     S/8880 |Pte. Thomson, P.       | 3  |Do.                   |
+     S/7621 |Pte. Vanbeick, A.      | 2  |Do.                   |
+     S/8744 |Pte. Weatherspoon, R.  | 2  |Do.                   |
+      10242 |Pte. Westrop, W.       | 1  |Do.                   |
+     S/8932 |Pte. Whyte D.          | 3  |W. and M., 21-1-16.   |
+     S/6733 |Pte. Wilkins, E.       | 1  |Missing, 21-1-16.     |
+       1989 |Pte. Wilson, R.        | 3  |Do.                   |
+     S/7902 |Pte. Worthington, H.   | 1  |W. and M., 21-1-16.   |
+    S/10029 |Pte. Irving, R.        | 1  |Missing, 28-1-16.     |
+     S/7032 |Cpl. Cumming, G.       | 3  |W. and M., 6-4-16.    |
+    S/10576 |Pte. Barbour, W.       | 2  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+    8/11800 |Pte. Beattie, G.       | 3  |Do.                   |
+        898 |Pte. Beveridge, J.     | 2  |Do.                   |
+    S/10641 |Pte. Buchan, J.        | 2  |Do.                   |
+    S/10579 |Pte. Campbell, J.      | 3  |Do.                   |
+        682 |Pte. Carr, A.          | 4  |Do.                   |
+     S/9850 |Pte. Churchard, R.     | 3  |W. and M., 22-4-16.   |
+    S/10563 |Pte. Clark, T.         | 2  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+     S/4235 |Pte. Cranson, J.       | 1  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+     S/9562 |Pte. Currie, W.        | 2  |Do.                   |
+     S/8638 |Pte. Fleming, W.       | 2  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+            |                       |    | Officially reported  |
+            |                       |    | killed in action,    |
+            |                       |    | 22/4.                |
+    S/10581 |Pte. Ford, W.          | 3  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+    S/10560 |Pte. Gouge, F.         | 2  |Do.                   |
+     3/8960 |Cpl. Green, H.         | 2  |Do.                   |
+     S/8594 |Pte. Hamilton, J.      | 3  |Do.                   |
+    S/10671 |Pte. Hamilton, D.      | 2  |Do.                   |
+    S/10644 |Pte. Henderson, W.     | 4  |W. and M., 22-4-16.   |
+    S/11758 |Pte. Kirkham, W.       | 2  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+     S/9501 |Pte. Lauchlan, W.      | 2  |Do.                   |
+    S/10568 |Pte. Low, W.           | 2  |Do.                   |
+    S/11966 |Pte. McCarthy, A.      | 2  |Do.                   |
+    S/10135 |Pte. McGlennon, J.     | 2  |Do.                   |
+     3/4223 |Pte. McGregor, A.      | 4  |Do.                   |
+    S/10662 |Pte. McLaren, J.       | 2  |Do.                   |
+       1889 |Pte. McLean, R.        | 3  |Do.                   |
+       2635 |Pte. Marshall, D.      | 1  |Do.                   |
+     S/4379 |Pte. Marshall, G.      | 3  |Do.                   |
+     S/7697 |Pte. Montgomery, H.    | 1  |Do.                   |
+    S/11286 |Pte. Morgan, G.        | 4  |W. and M., 22-4-16.   |
+     S/3346 |Pte. Morrison, D.      | 1  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+       8166 |Pte. Morrison, S.      | 1  |Do.                   |
+    S/10536 |L/C. Ramsay, J.        | 2  |Do.                   |
+    S/11751 |Pte. Russell, J.       | 2  |Do.                   |
+    S/11557 |Pte. Smith, A.         | 2  |Do.                   |
+    S/11753 |Pte. Smith, E.         | 2  |Do.                   |
+     S/3708 |Pte. Sinclair, J.      | 1  |Do.                   |
+    S/11390 |Pte. Stewart, J.       | 1  |Do.                   |
+    S/11607 |Pte. Styles, S.        | 1  |Do.                   |
+       1459 |L/C. Torrance, G.      | 3  |Do.                   |
+     S/4076 |Pte. Walker, J.        | 1  |W. and M., 22-4-16.   |
+       7908 |C.S.M. Wilkie, A.      | 1  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+       2772 |Pte. Whyte, R.         | 4  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+            |                       |    | Officially accepted  |
+            |                       |    | as having died       |
+            |                       |    | between 22-4-16 and  |
+            |                       |    | 2-2-17.              |
+     S/4239 |Pte. Wilson, R.        | 1  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+    S/10674 |Pte. Wilson, J.        | 2  |Missing, 22-4-17.     |
+            |                       |    | Officially reported  |
+            |                       |    | killed in action,    |
+            |                       |    | 22-4-16.             |
+    S/10668 |Pte. Wilson, J.        | 2  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+    S/10540 |L/C. Wood, C.          | 1  |Missing, 22-4-16.     |
+            |                       |    | Officially           |
+            |                       |    | reported killed      |
+            |                       |    | in action, 22-4-16.  |
+    S/15657 |Pte. Carlyle, W.       | 1  |Missing, 14-3-17.     |
+      15613 |Pte. Cook, J.          | 1  |W. and M. 14-3-17.    |
+    3/10222 |Pte. Harris, A.        | 2  |Do.                   |
+    S/11776 |Pte. Hewitt, G.        | 1  |Do.                   |
+    S/11307 |L/C. Hutchison, J.     | 1  |Do.                   |
+    S/15892 |Pte. Jennings, R.      | 1  |Do.                   |
+    S/15080 |Pte. Watt, J.          | 4  |Do.                   |
+    S/13905 |Pte. Batchelor, C.     | 3  |Missing, 21-4-17.     |
+    S/11835 |Pte. Burnett, W.       | 3  |Do.                   |
+     S/3569 |Pte. Campbell, J.      | 4  |Do.                   |
+      17494 |Pte. Gilfillan, T.     | 2  |Do.                   |
+            |                       |____|                      |
+            |    TOTAL              |125 |Of whom 4 have now    |
+            |                       |    | been officially      |
+            |                       |    | reported as died or  |
+            |                       |    | killed in action.    |
+  +---------+-----------------------+----+----------------------+
+
+
+  Total Missing, battle of 7th Jan. 1916       11
+    Do.          do.      13th January 1916     3
+    Do.          do.      21st January 1916    50
+    Do.          do.      22nd April 1916      44
+    Do.          do.      14th March 1917       7
+    Do.          do.      21st April 1917       4
+  Missing, various dates                        6
+
+
+PRISONERS OF WAR.
+
+  ------------+---------------------+----+----------------------+
+   Regimental |                     |    |                      |
+      No.     |   Rank and Name     |Coy.|                      |
+  ------------+---------------------+----+----------------------+
+    SRA/10254 | Pte. Cottle, T.     | 1  |Pris. of War, Mosul.  |
+              |                     |    | Captured, 7-1-16.    |
+      S/11543 | Pte. McDonald, G.   | .. |Pris. of War, Afion   |
+              |                     |    | Kara Hissar, Captured|
+              |                     |    | 22-4-16.             |
+    SRA/10062 | Pte. Debnam, J.     | 4  |Captured, 21-1-16.    |
+              |                     |    | Released in September|
+              |                     |    | 1916 and invalided   |
+              |                     |    | to India.            |
+  ------------+---------------------+----+----------------------+
+
+
+
+
+GENERAL HEAD QUARTERS.
+
+I.E.F. "D."
+
+ORDER OF THE DAY, No. 53.
+
+
+After a period of severe and strenuous fighting extending with only
+short pauses over a period of two months, I wish to express to the
+Navy, to Lieut.-Generals Marshall and Cobb, to the Divisional and
+Brigade Commanders, to the staffs including my own and to all ranks of
+the fighting troops, my warmest thanks for their splendid work and my
+congratulations on their brilliant successes. To the Regimental
+Officers, N.C.Os. and men, a special word is due for their matchless
+heroism and fighting spirit, and for their grit and determination so
+fully in accord with the best traditions of British and Indian
+Regiments. Whilst regretting deeply the casualties necessarily
+incurred in the attainment of our object, the series of stinging blows
+dealt to the enemy, his severe losses which are out of all proportion
+to the size of his force and his obviously faltering spirit afford
+ample proof to all ranks that their sacrifices have not been made in
+vain. My thanks too are due to Major-General MacMunn, to the Director
+and their assistants and to all ranks of the Administrative Services
+and Departments, both in the field and on the lines of communication
+who in face of unexampled difficulties have by sterling work and
+energy risen superior to them and regularly met the needs of the
+fighting troops with ample supplies, stores and munitions without
+which the loss of lives would have been considerably increased and
+success rendered impossible, and have been the means of providing
+every comfort, attainable for the sick and wounded. To each and every
+member of the Navy and Army and to those who, though not belonging to
+either of the services have helped to bring about the results achieved
+I tender my earnest thanks for their wholehearted and magnificent
+efforts. The end is not yet; but with such absolute co-operation and
+vigour animating all continuance of our success is assured.
+
+                              (SD.) F. S. Maude, Lieut.-Gent.,
+                                   _Commanding I.E.F. "D."_
+  _15th February 1917._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GENERAL HEAD QUARTERS.
+
+I.E.F. "D."
+
+ORDER OF THE DAY, No. 64.
+
+
+I have received the following message from His Imperial Majesty the
+King-Emperor:--
+
+     "March 11th.--It is with greatest satisfaction that I have
+     received the good news that you have occupied Baghdad. I heartily
+     congratulate you and your troops on the success achieved under so
+     many difficulties.--George R.I."
+
+I have sent the following reply:--
+
+     "March 12th.--Your Imperial Majesty's gracious message has been
+     communicated to all ranks of the forces serving in Mesopotamia by
+     whom it has been received with feelings of intense gratitude,
+     loyalty and devotion. The difficulties by which we have been
+     confronted have only increased our determination to surmount
+     them."
+
+
+The following are some of the other messages received and replies
+sent:--
+
+From His Excellency the Viceroy of India:--
+
+     "March 13th.--My most hearty congratulations to yourself and the
+     troops under your command on the capture of Baghdad which has
+     been achieved by their gallantry and devotion to duty."
+
+     "March 14th.--Your Excellency's kind message has been received
+     with sincere gratitude by all ranks of the forces in Mesopotamia.
+     Nothing could have exceeded the valour and endurance of the
+     troops both British and Indian under trying conditions."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From The Grand Duke Nicholas:--
+
+     "March 10th.--I and the Caucasus Army send heartiest
+     congratulations on the new success won by the glorious troops
+     under your command. The Caucasus Army will do all in their power
+     to further your developments and successes."
+
+     "March 12th.--On behalf of the troops serving in Mesopotamia I
+     beg to thank your Imperial Highness very warmly for kind message
+     which is much appreciated by us all. Our Russian comrades in
+     Caucasus may rest assured that we shall continue to do our utmost
+     to assist their operations already so successfully commenced."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the Right Hon'ble the Secretary of State for War:--
+
+     "March 13th.--His Majesty's Government desire me to convey to you
+     and all ranks under your command their cordial congratulations on
+     the noble feat of arms which has led to your occupation of
+     Baghdad. They fully recognise the difficulties which you have
+     faced and overcome and wish to express their high appreciation of
+     the skilful plan of operations, the careful co-ordination of the
+     administrative work and the courage and endurance of the troops."
+
+     "March 14th.--Your message conveying approbation of His Majesty's
+     Government with respect to our efforts has been received with
+     widespread pleasure by all ranks of the forces in Mesopotamia.
+     The difficulties by which we were met were soon swept aside by
+     the dauntless valour and endurance of the troops ably seconded by
+     the thorough and smooth working of the administrative services."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From His Excellency the Commander-in-Chief in India:--
+
+     "March 12th.--To you and your gallant troops I desire to convey
+     my own and the warmest congratulations of all ranks in India on
+     your splendid achievements. The valour, devotion to duty and
+     determination which have defeated a stubborn enemy and culminated
+     in the capture of Baghdad evoke our highest admiration."
+
+     "March 14th.--All ranks of the forces in Mesopotamia thank Your
+     Excellency most warmly for your most kind message. It is a
+     particular source of satisfaction to us to feel that our efforts
+     are appreciated so thoroughly by our comrades in India. British
+     and Indian troops have vied with each other in valour and
+     endurance and difficulties met with have only stimulated our
+     determination to surmount them."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From Admiral Sir David Beatty, G.C.B., K.C.V.O., D.S.O.:--
+
+     "March 12th.--Please accept, on behalf of the Grand Fleet and
+     myself, our admiration and congratulations upon the magnificent
+     achievement in capturing Baghdad by the gallant forces under your
+     command."
+
+     "March 14th.--Your message has been received with widespread
+     pleasure by all ranks of the forces in Mesopotamia. During
+     operations the Navy has, as usual, played its part nobly. We are
+     particularly proud at receiving congratulations from the Grand
+     Fleet, which has itself done much superb work consistently during
+     past two and a half years."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, G.C.B., G.C.V.O., K.C.I.E.,
+Commander-in-Chief Armies in France:--
+
+     "March 16th.--Your brilliant achievements and continued successes
+     are a great delight and a great encouragement to all ranks under
+     my command."
+
+     "March 16th.--Most grateful for kind message--much valued."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From Vice-Admiral Sir Rosslyn E. Wemyss, K.C.B., C.M.G., M.V.O., Naval
+Commander-in-Chief, British East Indies:--
+
+     "March 14th.--Please accept hearty congratulations of self and
+     whole of Indian Squadron on your splendid success. I am proud to
+     think that the Royal Navy has been able to co-operate with your
+     troops."
+
+     "March 16th.--Most grateful to you and East Indies Squadron for
+     kind message. Royal Navy here have co-operated with our
+     operations brilliantly."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From General Sir Archibald Murray, K.C.B., K.C.M.G., C.V.O., D.S.O.,
+Commander-in-Chief, Egyptian Expeditionary force:--
+
+     "Your splendid series of successes are being watched with the
+     profoundest delight and gratification by all ranks of the
+     Egyptian Force. Bridging operations must have been grandly
+     carried out. Once more our heartiest congratulations."
+
+     "Most grateful for kind message. All ranks appreciate it,
+     especially coming as it does from a Commander and troops who have
+     themselves done so brilliantly. Our troops here have been quite
+     magnificent."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From Lieut.-General G. F. Milne, C.B., D.S.O., Commander-in-Chief
+British Forces at Salonika:--
+
+     "March 12th.--Hearty congratulations to you and your Army from
+     all ranks of the Salonika Force."
+
+     "March 13th.--We all thank you very warmly for kind message."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From Major-General A. R. Hoskins, C.M.G., D.S.O., Commanding East
+African Force:--
+
+     "March 13th.--Hearty congratulations from all ranks East African
+     Force to Mesopotamian Force on brilliant achievements."
+
+     "March 16th.--Most grateful for kind message much appreciated by
+     us all."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the Right Hon'ble the Lord Mayor of London:--
+
+     "March 13th.--The City of London sends hearty congratulations on
+     the capture of the historic City of Baghdad."
+
+     "March 14th.--Your Lordship's kind message conveying
+     congratulations of the City of London is very warmly appreciated
+     by all ranks of the forces in Mesopotamia. Qualities of courage
+     and endurance displayed by troops throughout operations have been
+     superb."
+
+                              F. S. MAUDE, _Lieut.-General_,
+                         Commanding Indian Expeditionary Force "D."
+  _30th March 1917._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GENERAL HEAD QUARTERS.
+
+I.E.F. "D."
+
+ORDER OF THE DAY, No. 66.
+
+
+In pursuance of the authority delegated to me by His Imperial Majesty
+the King-Emperor, I make the following awards for gallantry and
+distinguished service in the field:--
+
+_Awarded the Military Cross._
+
+CAPTAIN ROBERT MACFARLANE--For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to
+duty. Although wounded early in the action he continued to lead his
+Company with great determination until the evening, when the position
+was finally taken by a bayonet charge. With great courage and skill he
+led his Company up to a position from which he was able to enfilade
+the enemy at close range, thereby greatly assisting the charge.
+
+SECOND-LIEUTENANT BENJAMIN SMITH HOUSTON,--For conspicuous gallantry
+and ability in leading the second line of his battalion with excellent
+judgment under heavy fire. After reinforcing the first line he took
+command of the left portion of it including some 60 men of an Indian
+Infantry regiment who were without an officer and led them on during
+the charge and subsequent advance on the railway station. He had
+recently done fine work when in command of a patrol.
+
+
+_Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal._
+
+No. 1081, SERGEANT JAMES STRACHAN--For conspicuous gallantry and
+ability in action. When all four of his Company Officers had been
+wounded, he took command of the left flank of the battalion. He ably
+directed their fire and later led forward what remained of his company
+across the open and drove the enemy out of his position taking some
+prisoners.
+
+NO. 19438, LANCE-CORPORAL GEORGE MCGABE,--For conspicuous gallantry
+and resource during operations. Seeing that a gap existed between an
+Indian Regiment and his own, and that the former in this locality had
+lost all their officers, he took charge of their Lewis guns and filled
+the gap. Later, he was conspicuous for his gallantry in leading the
+Indian Infantrymen in the charge across the open.
+
+
+_Awarded the Military Medal._
+
+No. 2262, SERGEANT FRANK CONNEL.
+
+                              F. S. MAUDE, _Lieut.-General_,
+                                   Commanding I.E.F. "D".
+_31st March 1917._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GENERAL HEAD QUARTERS.
+
+I.E.F. "D."
+
+ORDER OF THE DAY, No. 76.
+
+
+His Imperial Majesty the King-Emperor, has conveyed the following
+message to me:--
+
+     "May 8th.--The series of successes achieved in defeating the
+     Turkish Forces brought against you since your capture of Baghdad
+     reflect the very highest credit upon you and all ranks under your
+     command. Your progress is all the more appreciated by your fellow
+     countrymen in that they are conscious of the trying conditions
+     under which your troops have fought.--George R.I."
+
+The following reply has been sent by me:--
+
+     "May 9th.--Your Imperial Majesty's gracious message expressing
+     approbation of our recent successes has filled all ranks of the
+     Navy and Army in Mesopotamia with loyal enthusiasm. The valour
+     and devotion to duty of the troops conscious of their superiority
+     over the enemy have been superb, whilst in spite of great heat
+     recently experienced their health remains most satisfactory."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the Right Hon'ble the Secretary of State for War:--
+
+     "May 8th.--War Cabinet desire me to convey their high
+     appreciation of your recent operations which have resulted in the
+     defeat of the enemy's forces and the successful occupation of the
+     greater part of the Baghdad Vilayat. The splendid spirit and
+     gallantry displayed by the troops under trying climatic
+     conditions and the skill shown by your subordinate commanders
+     merit high commendation and are a proof of the efficiency and
+     devotion to duty of all ranks of the force under your command."
+
+     "May 9th.--Your telegram conveying approval of War Cabinet at
+     success of our recent operations is greatly appreciated by all
+     ranks in Mesopotamia. Fighting spirit and endurance of troops
+     have been admirable throughout in spite of great heat recently."
+
+                              F. S. MAUDE, _Lieut.-General_,
+                         Commanding Indian Expeditionary Force "D."
+  _11th May 1917._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GENERAL HEAD QUARTERS.
+
+I.E.F. "D."
+
+ORDER OF THE DAY, No. 82.
+
+
+In pursuance of the authority delegated to me by His Imperial Majesty
+the King-Emperor, I make the following award for gallantry and
+distinguished service in the field:--
+
+_Awarded a Bar to Distinguished Conduct Medal._
+
+No. 1543, SERGEANT CHARLES EASTON.--For conspicuous gallantry in
+action. Seeing that an officer had been hit some 80 yards in front of
+his post and was unable to move owing to continuous sniping, he ran
+forward, dressed his wounds, and got him back to the river bank. As
+sniping still continued, he swam the river, supporting the wounded
+Officer, and gained the other bank. Had the Officer not been moved, he
+must again have been hit by the enemy's snipers who were within 300
+yards.
+
+                              F. S. MAUDE, _Lieut.-General_,
+                         Commanding Indian Expeditionary Force "D."
+  _17th June 1917._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GENERAL HEAD QUARTERS.
+
+MESOPOTAMIAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE.
+
+ORDER OF THE DAY, No. 96.
+
+
+In pursuance of the authority delegated to me by His Imperial Majesty
+the King-Emperor, I make the following awards for gallantry and
+distinguished service in connection with operations in the field
+covering the period April 1st to September 30th, 1917, inclusive.
+
+_Awarded Second Bar to Distinguished Conduct Medal._
+
+No. 2702, SERGEANT WILLIAM LOGAN.--For conspicuous gallantry and
+ability. At a critical moment he led forward a party of bombers under
+heavy fire and controlled them with great skill until wounded. By his
+courage and coolness he materially assisted in repelling a
+counter-attack and in re-taking a redoubt, [Awarded D.C.M., _London
+Gazette_, 20th October, 1916, Bar to D.C.M., _London Gazette_, 29th
+August, 1917].
+
+
+_Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal._
+
+No. 3-2377, PRIVATE GEORGE BEVERIDGE.--For conspicuous gallantry and
+initiative. He repeatedly carried messages back from the firing line
+under heavy fire and, at a critical moment, rallied his comrades
+after a counter-attack and led them to the final capture of the
+position. His courage and dash were most marked.
+
+No. 2334, PRIVATE JOSEPH CLARK.--For conspicuous gallantry and
+devotion to duty. He displayed great resource and initiative in
+re-organising both British and Indian troops after a counter-attack,
+in time to meet successfully a second one. His bravery and coolness
+throughout the day greatly encouraged his men. He has done fine work
+on other occasions.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GENERAL HEAD QUARTERS.
+
+MESOPOTAMIAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE.
+
+ORDER OF THE DAY. No. 102.
+
+
+The following extract from the _London Gazette_ is published for
+general information:--
+
+His Majesty the King has been graciously pleased to approve of the
+award of the Victoria Cross to the undermentioned Officers,
+Non-commissioned Officers and Men:--
+
+WAR OFFICE,
+
+_26th November 1917._
+
+No. 871, PRIVATE CHARLES MELVIN, Highlander Regiment
+(_Kirriemuir_).--For most conspicuous bravery, coolness and resource
+in action. Pte. Melvin's Company had advanced to within fifty yards of
+the front-line trench of a redoubt, where, owing to the intensity of
+the enemy's fire, the men were obliged to lie down and wait for
+reinforcements. Pte. Melvin, however, rushed on by himself, over
+ground swept from end to end by rifle and machine gun fire. On
+reaching the enemy trench, he halted and fired two or three shots into
+it, killing one or two enemy, but as the others in the trench
+continued to fire at him, he jumped into it, and attacked them with
+his bayonet in his hand, as owing to his rifle being damaged, it was
+not "fixed." On being attacked in this resolute manner most of the
+enemy fled to their second line, but not before Pte. Melvin had killed
+two more and succeeded in disarming eight unwounded and one wounded.
+Pte. Melvin bound up the wounds of the wounded man, and then driving
+his eight unwounded prisoners before him, and supporting the wounded
+one he hustled them out of the trench, marched them in and delivered
+them over to an officer. He then provided himself with a load of
+ammunition and returned to the firing line where he reported himself
+to his platoon sergeant. All this was done, not only under intense
+rifle and machine gun fire, but the whole way back Pte. Melvin and his
+party were exposed to a very heavy artillery barrage fire. Throughout
+the day Pte. Melvin greatly inspired those near him with confidence
+and courage.
+
+                              W. R. MARSHALL, _Lieut.-General_,
+                              Commanding-in-Chief,
+                              Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force.
+  GENERAL HEADQUARTERS,
+  _6th March 1918._
+
+
+
+
+Printed and published by E. G. Pearson at the Times Press,
+Bombay--2519'18
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of With a Highland Regiment in Mesopotamia, by
+Anonymous
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HIGHLAND REGIMENT IN MESOPOTAMIA ***
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